OtL OÄM^
a/neC ynutj/ Jult'
a*^ oAm^
^mmiM4'f^*Ji'***^
Mrs, John G. HullJr.
requests the honour of your presence
at the home ofher son
David Richard Hüll
19661 Via Caballos
Covina, California
atfive o *clock, p.m. an Sunday
the fifth of November,
nineteen hundred and seventy-eight
for the marriage ofherdaughter
Ruth Natalie Hüll
and
Mark Alexander Richter
The ceremony will be performed by
Br. Kenneth Nail
Reception
following ceremony
^i-'".v
9
I
/f/itjÄ^Ji
r\r» and iHrs. John Henry Kichter
coraially invite you to attcna
tkc Bar Mltzvak
.ftk
cir son
i'^lark Alexander Kienter
on rriday, tne twclttn ol duly
nincteen nunarea ana sixty-eidnt
at eignt-littecn o cIock
lemple Detn Cmetn
lUnitarian Ijnurcn)
1917 Wasntcnaw Avenue
Ann Aroor, J/licnic^an
m
I59IV
rr->v Camping & Trailer
\jJtC>^^ BURT LAKE STATE
/O \ V islndiart River, Mic
i^^'f^ ^^^^'^, ^lou/tr ujj/ßi' / '*^+<^^~'^CKtU^
h^cA ^xK. aoo^, -Y.^^^,^,^! M^i, E ft,t^ py
^~<J -e s t' \^ a r
:i
hrlo^^fy\\^\^_
-h
^Uaj^
4^iöt|'
(iNv^;\
^/V/^in'j ^>^ KN . (^ '♦i/))
John Henry IHchter
August 14, 1972
Dear J^ark:
(I hüd otortod t'ie lettcr for ßomeone eine but just ot youro co
I «nswer you firot), ^r. S. '-/aconi llvcs at t)8 ^^anaö^i Avenue »'^aifa-Mt.
Carmel, and I know I rave ./our a^-Mre ß b caase I alco ave yo i h±s phone
numbcFi w ic i of c uroe ic in any liaifa teleph ne book. lie Ig an
(in-
ternal diseases ^ and I have Juct vorritten to him ^2 day^ aro) t'iat you Juot
night "pano by.^* ^^ould be nice, rit leaot for him, if you could, 1 havc
known hin for yearo, ac a fellow v;ritor in hilately und ^udaica» '^onder
what the fellow fron the ^owish Ai ency objected to« rroni m.y veadin{^ and
meoting wth oabras, I hear that ''ovorthere" th:^y don t really li!:e Ameri-
can ^cwG (partly cnvy ^ partly ob.jection to th. ir attitule towa rd tho
"colonials"--liko the ^ritisii UGed to feel) and natural ly t*::ey recent the
need for tfie ^j^merican dol ar, with i/iiich so many here pay off t icir c'^ilt
feelinc^^»— '' i s ould fiot b ther you, as you have t had tirne yet to
do rauch wrong. What do they uöe to spray the avocado v/ith ti^at v/oul Jnake
you sickV ~~'hey ßhould have Gome ^cind of orotoctive ear, 'j ouldn't they?
*'^ell, ;on^t botl-er writin^;, yo can teil ug wl:cn you get back« 1 rerer.iber
well frora the yoars way back v/hen i^ilde v^rote about real pioneering in
Jfoknean ,ti»cy r,lept in tentij and real y ro .^hed it. o if y. find t'ioir
"^ibbutü beautiful, bolieve rae , they e.irnod it, for t'iey v;orked for overy
tree and cvcry flower.
Wellf do he best you can v/ith the tine you have left, and :hat you
car t Gee t .ic tir.ie, maybe yoc< can visit tho noxt tine. ^ at roeiz for
the a Gorted frie!idc3 and relativüG,too. If you can't Goe the/., they will
understand» i^o need (for you) to write to tliera« Koshe is probably still on
his vaC'.tion, I don t know« ^-nd the ^e allG arc Gtillyoun,-^, so they \nll
live at least until you and/ or all of ac et back« i have a feelin^^^ it g
a place people can Gtill live in«
JisaendfcJirg Ludwlgsfeliwund^esie l-ianstein
3431 Ludwigstein
nuf ^
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AiMinhj . Ths,
aitUi^ '^ fcca^t^^ü4
aJf' vLnUh Allstes \/e^ ^Ü.
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358 FRITZLAR f Marktplatz'
m. Rolandsbrunnen
^t t'J.ii i/j/i^ ^M^^^^Ma
MIT LUFTPOST
PAR AVION
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CASCUMPEpUE BY THE SEA
Alberton, P.E.I., Canada
Telephone 902-853-236S
SIx miles fronn Alberton or Oleary: One
'•" River Golf Course. Excellent cia
Mill
deep sea fishing arranged. safe bathing f
housekeeping cabins to acconnmodate 2 to 6 people
Write for reservations.
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829675 na^u
OLD JAFFA GALLERY LTD
14 timtot mozol orie tal-aviv — yafo
«•Uphon« 829675
ISRAELI PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
CHOICE SELECTION ÜF GRAPHIC ARTS
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Mutual
s^maho
The Company that pays
Tele-Trip Insurance Counter
Metropolitan Airport
Detroit, Michigan 48242
Mutual of Omaha's year-round Travel Acci-
dent Insurance can protect you when you
travel by plane, train, ship, boat, taxi, limou-
sine, or auto. Your policy shows the coverage
you purchased. Read your policy carefully.
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Application No. T20T
(Wh«n wrltlng about your policy r«f«r to
Policy No. and not to abov« No.)
117421
COPY OF APPLICATION
Folicy No. J20T
(Policy No. will b« fumish«d within thirty
dayi aft«r Policy Dot« if no numb«r shown)
Principal Sum
7^^^
w>
Medical Benefit
(If the ^ord ^^None"
appears hure. Part C
"Medical Expense Ben-
efits^^is not in effect)
Coverages
(Insurance is provided under this policy only
with respect to those coverages shown below
which are followed by the word "Yes'' rather
than by the word "No'')
1. SCHEDULED AIRLINES Yes
2. AIRPORT PREMISES; AIRPORT
BUS AND LIMOUSINE SERVICE. ... Yes
3. COMMON CARRIER
(Pleoie Print)
Name of ^
^ FSr«»
/
Address of
Insured
Middir 7
Date (rf
. . . .Birth.
Lost
No. i&
Street
^^
wm^^*-^' •*■
Occupation
y^»^ J-
4. AUTOMOBILE AND OTHER
SPECIFIED AIRCRAFT....
5. OTHER ACCIDENTS
(NONOCCUPATIONAL)
Countersigned by
^smenC A^ent
Agent's
No.
What amount of individual renewable travel accident insurance do you
now have with Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company?
Issued $ "/f^Zi^z^ Pending $. . . .yt!^?^.,^^, . . .
Nameof ^. --. Relation-
Beneficiary U J'_, / ^ y z. ship
Address
Beneficiary
o. &
Street
City
■^
State
Insured's
Signature
Policy Date
^ M, / ^/ ^/'
First Renewal D
Premium:
Amount
Mode
(If tfr^ above Copy of Application does not bear the signature of the Insured, it shall be considered to be merely a schedule of
benefits and policy data.)
Mutual
^maha
MUTUAL OF OMAHA INSURANCE COMPANY
Dodge at 33rd Street
Omaha, Nebraska 68131
(Herein called the Company)
i^\^m
c^
Hereby insures, subject to the provisions, exceptions and limitations of this policy^^l/p5|W ffamed as Insured against certain
specified losses resulting, independently of sickness and all other causes, from a0rekÄt^^Aly injuries received while this
policy is in force; provided, however, such injuries are received in the matfnJ| spÄnfiedi« affjÄ^ection of Part A under which
coverage is provided for the Insured. rC^^ V^ ^^\ V>*
PART A. DESCRIFTIOJS^jgtk^
(The Insured is provided coverage only under those sectiöts^fcß Pai^\lii^ "Coverages" section of the Copy of Ap-
plication Shows the Insured to be covered under. Ah|»\^ iniuri^lttitAie by the Insured in any one accident may be
covered under more than one section of this PfclA, Wc amoffim ifWiiefits payable for a covered loss resulting from such
injuries shall not be any greater than tliat(2hichjSA^uld b«1SaylyÄ^if such injuries were covered only under one section of this
1. SCHJgDULED AIRLI>üM:YTOries receivC%hilÄiding as a passenger in, boarding or alighting from:
(a) an aircraft op^»ttel|^*^cheitotedp^ United States registry holding a Certificate of Public Convenience and
Necessity issuedljy^e CiwjKA^jrtiutics Board (or its successor) of the United States of America,
(b) an aircraft operaied by a sc^ßfikrfed airiine of foreign registry maintaining regulär published schedules and licensed for
transportation of passengers by the duly constituted governmental authority having Jurisdiction over civil aviation
in the country of registry of such airiine,
(c) a transport type aircraft operated by the Military Air Transport Service (MATS) of the United States, or
(d) a transport type aircraft operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force Air Transport Command or the Royal Air Force
Air Transport Command of Great Britain.
Form T20T - Series 6490
THIS POLICY IS RENEWABLE AT THE OPTION OF THE COMPANY ONLY
2. AIRPORT PREMISES; AIRPORT BUS AND LIMOUSINE SERVICE. Injuries rcceivcd whilc upon any airport prcmises
immcdjatcly beforc boarding, or immediately aftcr alighting from, an aircraft on which the Insured is covered by this policy
or injunes rcceivcd whilc nding as a passenger in an airport bus or limousine provided, or arranged for. by an airiinc or the
airport authontybut only (a when going to. or after being at, an airport for the purposc of boarding an kircraft on which he
Insured is covered by this policy. or (b) when leaving an airport after alighting from such an aircraft
3. COMMON CARRIER Injuries reccived while riding as a passenger in, boarding or alighting from, any public land air
or water conveyance provided by a common carricr primarily for passenger service.
4. AUTOMOBILE AND OTHER SPECIFIED AIRCRAFT. (a) Injuries rcceivcd (i) whilc driving or riding in. or boarding
or alighting from, an automobile which IS desigrjed primarily for carrying passengers and which is ordinarily operated on the
public streets and highways or (n) by bcing Struck by any motor vehicle ordinarily operated on the public streets Vnd highways
This first Paragraph of scction 4 of Part A, however, docs not covcr injuries rcceivcd while operating an automobile for the
S°tes° ^'^"'P'"*'"« P*"°"* ^°' ^ ^"^ °'^ ^^^''^ <*"^'°« o«- "ding in any automobile engaged in a race or an endurance or
(b) Injuries rcceivcd while riding as a passcngcr in, boarding or alighting from :
(i) any civil aircraft which has a current and valid United States airworthincss certificate, or its foreign equivalent of
other than a hmited, restncted or cxpcrimental Classification and which is operated by a person holding a current and
yahd commcrcial or airlmc transport pilot certificate of a rating authorizing him to operate it ; provided, however.
that such aircraft is at the timc makmg a flight which is for the sole purposc of transporting passengers or passengers
(ii) any aircraft of the United States Department of Defense, the United States Coast Guard, the Army National Guard
or the Air National Guard other than a Single enginc jet aircraft, which is operated by a pilot who has proper authori-
zation to operate it; provided, however, that such aircraft is at the timc making a flight which is for the principal
purposc of transporting passengers or passengers and cargo and not for any other operational purposc or any tactical
or tcst purposc. r *- j
i'f SL"a ^ ACCIDENTS (NONOCCUPATIONAL). Any other injuries not specifically mentioned in the preceding sections
of Part A when such injunes are received other than in the course of any employment for wage or profit. This section 5 of
Part A, however, does not cover any injuries received while travehng by air which are not covered under sections 1, 3 and 4
above or any injunes specifically excluded under the policy.
PA^^T B, BENEFITS FOR LOSS OF LIFE, LIMB OR SICHT
When covered injuries result in any of the specific losses shown below within one hundred days from the date of the accident.
the Company will pay the applicable amount shown opposite such loss.
Loss of Life t» • • i o
^^ , ' Principal Sum
Loss of Both Feet or Both Hands or Both Eyes Principal Sum
Loss of One Hand and One Foot ^ .!!!.'!!!!!!!!!!!.'!!!!.*.' Principal Sum
Loss of One Hand and One Eye or One Foot and One Eye Principal Sum
Loss of One Hand or One Foot !!.*!!!!!! One -half Principal Sum
Loss of One Eye One - fourth Principal Sum
The Principal Sum referred to above is shown in the Copy of Application.
If the Insured is seventy years of age or over on the date of an accident covered under Section 5 of Part A, the benefit for any
loss covered under this Part B which results from covered injuries received in such an accident will be fifty per cent of the appli-
cable amount specified above. ^^
Loss of hand or hands, or foot or feet, referred to above, shall mean severance at or above the wrist Joint or ankle Joint, respec-
tively. The loss of eye or eyes shall mean the total and irrecoverable loss of the entire sight thereof. In event the Insured suffers
more than one of the above losses as a result of the same accident, only one of the amounts specified (the largest applicable
thereto) will be paid for all such losses. \ t> t^y
The amounts specified above for loss of (1) two limbs, (2) both eyes, and (3) one limb and one eye shall be payable only when
such double loss occurs as a result of the same accident.
PART C. MEDICAL EXPENSE BENEFITS
(This Part C is not in eifect if the word *'None'' appears in the Medical Benefit box in the Copy of Application.)
When the Insured, because of covered injuries, receives treatment from a legally qualified physician, Services from a legally
constituted hospital, Services from a registered graduate nurse (R.N.) not related to the Insured by blood or marriage X-ray
examination or ambulance service, the Company will pay for the expense actually incurred for such treatment, examination
and Services as are received by the Insured within the fifty-two-week period immediately following the date of the accident but
not to exceed, in the aggregate, the Medical Benefit shown in the Copy of Application, for any one accident.
PART D. EXPOSURE AND DISAPPEARANCE
(a) If, while this policy is in force, the Insured is unavoidably exposed to the Clements because of an accident which results in
the forced landing, damagmg or disappearance of an aircraft on which the Insured is covered by this policy and in which the
Insured was ridmg and if as a result of such exposure the Insured suff^ers a loss for which benefits are otherwise payable here-
under, such loss will be covered under this policy. (b) If, while this policy is in force, the Insured disappears because of an acci-
dent which results in the smkmg or disappearance of an aircraft on which the Insured is covered by this policy and in which
the Insured was ridmg, and if the body of the Insured has not been found within fifty-two weeks after the date of such accident
it will be presumed subject to there being no evidence to the contrary, that the Insured suflfered loss of life as a result of injuries
covered by this policy.
PART E. EXCEPTIONS
ThiS policy does not cover (a) suicide, sane or insane, (b) loss caused by act of declared or undeclared war, or (c) loss resulting
Irom injunes received while making a parachute jump, unless such jump is made for the purpose of saving the Insured's life
and IS made from an aircraft on which the Insured is covered by this policy.
PART F.
POLICY PROVISIONS
I. Entire Contract; Changes: This policy, including the cndorsements and thc attached papers, if any, constitutes thc
entire contract of insurance. No change in this policy shall be valid until approved by an executive officer of the Company
and unless such approval be endorsed hereon or attached hereto. No agent has authority to change this policy or to waivc
any of its provisions.
2. Time Limit on Certain Defenses: After two years from the Policy Date, no misstatements, except fraudulent misstatements,
made by the applicant in the application for this policy shall be used to void this policy or to deny a claim for loss incurred
after the expiration of such two-year period. If, however, the Copy of Application appearing on the first page hereof does
not bear the signature of the Insured, no Statements made by the applicant in the application for this policy shall be used to
void this policy or to deny a claim.
3. Grace Period: Unless not less than five days prior to the premium due date the Company has delivered to the Insured
or has mailed to his last address as shown by the records of the Company written notice of its intention not to renew this
policy beyond the period for which the premium has been accepted, a grace period of thirty-one days will be granted for the
payment of each premium falling due after the first premium, during which grace period this policy shall continue in force.
4. Reinstatement: If any renewal premmm be not paid within the time granted the Insured for payment, a subsequent
acceptance of premium by the Company or by any agent duly authorized by the Company to accept such premium,
without requiring in connection therewith an application for reinstatement, shall reinstate the policy; provided, however,
that if the Company or such agent requires an application for reinstatement and issues a conditional receipt for the
premium tendered, the policy will be reinstated upon approval of such application by the Company or, lacking such
approval, upon the forty-fifth day foUowing the date of such conditional receipt unless the Company has previously
notified the Insured in writing of its disapproval of such application. The reinstated policy shall cover only loss resulting
from such accidental injury as may be sustained after the date of reinstatement. In all other respects the Insured and
Company shall have the same rights thereunder as they had under the policy immediately before the due date of the defaulted
premium, subject to any provisions endorsed hereon or attached hereto in connection with the reinstatement. Any premium
accepted in connection with a reinstatement shall be applied to a period for which premium has not been previously paid,
but not to any period more than sixty days prior to the date of reinstatement.
5. Notice of Claim: Written notice of claim must be given to the Company within twenty days after the occurrence or
commencement of any loss covered by the policy, or as soon thereafter as reasonably possible. Notice given by or on behalf
of the Insured or the beneficiary to the Company at Omaha, Nebraska, or to any authorized agent of the Company,
with Information sufficient to identify the Insured, shall be deemed notice to the Company.
6. Claim Forms: The Company, upon receipt of a notice of claim, will furnish to the claimant such forms as are usually
furnished by it for filing proofs of loss. If such forms are not furnished within fifteen days after the giving of such notice
the claimant shall be deemed to have complied with the requirements of this policy as to proof of loss upon submitting,
within the time fixed in the policy for filing proofs of loss, written proof covering the occurrence, the character and the
extent of the loss for which claim is made.
7. Proofs of Loss: Written proof of loss must be furnished to the Company at its said office within ninety days after the
date of the loss for which claim is made. Failure to furnish such proof within the time required shall not invalidate nor
reduce any claim if it was not reasonably possible to give proof within such time, provided such proof is furnished as soon
as reasonably possible and in no event, except in the absence of legal capacity, later than one year from the time proof is
otherwise required.
8. Time of Payment of Claims: All indemnities payable under this policy will be paid immediately upon receipt of due
written proof of loss.
9. Payment of Claims: Indemnity for loss of life of the Insured will be payable in accordance with the beneficiary desig-
nation and the provisions respecting such payment which may be prescribed herein and effective at the time of payment. If
no such designation or provision is then eflFective, such indemnity shall be payable to the estate of the Insured. Any other
accrued indemnities unpaid at the Insured's death may, at the Option of the Company, be paid either to such beneficiary
or to such estate. All other indemnities will be payable to the Insured.
If any indemnity of this policy shall be payable to the estate of the Insured, or to an Insured or beneficiary who is a minor
or otherwise not competent to give a valid release, the Company may pay such indemnity, up to an amount not exceeding
$1,000.00, to any relative by blood or connection by marriage of the Insured or beneficiary who is deemed by the Company
to be equitably entitled thereto. Any payment made by the Company in good faith pursuant to this provision shall fully
discharge the Company to the extent of such payment.
10. Physical Examinations and Autopsy: The Company at its own expense shall have the right and opportunity to examine
the person of anyone covered under this policy when and as often as it may reasonably require during the pendency of a
claim hereunder and to make an autopsy in case of death where it is not forbidden by law.
II. Legal Actions: No action at law or in equity shall be brought to recover on this policy prior to the expiration of sixty
days after written proof of loss has been furnished in accordance with the requirements of this policy. No such action shall
be brought after the expiration of three years after the time written proof of loss is required to be furnished.
12. Change of Beneficiary; Assignment: Unless the Insured makes an irrevocable designation of beneficiary, the right to
change of beneficiary is reserved to the Insured and the consent of the beneficiary or beneficiaries shall not be requisite to
surrender or assignment of this policy or to any change of beneficiary or beneficiaries, or to any other changes in this policy.
13. Other Insurance in This Company: If other individual renewable travel accident policy or policies of this Form (T20T)
or of any other form previously issued by the Company to the Insured be in force concurrently herewith making the aggregate
of the Principal Sum in excess of $250,000.00, the excess insurance shall be void and all premiums paid for such excess shall
be returned to the Insured.
Notwithstanding the aggregate limit specified in the preceding paragraph, the aggregate of the Principal Sum under this and
any other Form T20T policy or policies previously issued to the Insured and concurrently in force shali not exceed $100,000.00
and any insurance in excess thereof issued under the Form T20T policy shall likewise be void and all premiums paid for any
such excess shall be returned to the Insured.
14. Conformity with State Statutes: Any Provision of this policy which, on its eflfective date, is in conflict with the Statutes
of the State in which the Insured resides on such date is hereby amended to conform to the minimum requirements of such
Statutes.
PART G. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS
1. Consideration : This policy is issued in consideration of (a) the Statements in the Copy of Application appearing on the
first page hereof (but only if said Copy of Application bears the signature of the Insured) and (b) the payment in advance of
the Premium for the initial term.
2. Term of Coverage: (a) The initial term of this policy begins on the Policy Date at 12:01 a.m., Standard Time of the place
where the Insured then resides, and ends at 12:01 a.m., the same Standard Time, on the First Renewal Date. (b) Fach time
this policy is renewed, the renewal term begins at the same time the preceding term ends and ends at 12:01 a.m., the same
Standard Time, on the date the next renewal premium becomes due.
3. Renewal: This policy- may be renewed from term to term upon tender cf the Premium prior to the expiration of the
grace period herein provided. The acceptance of any premium shall be optional with the Company.
4. Charter and Bylaws: No Provision of the charter or bylaws of the Company not included herein shall avoid this policy
or be used in defense of any legal proceeding hereunder.
5. Notice of Annual Meeting: The Annual Meeting of the Company will be held at 10 a. m. on the second Saturday
after the first day of February at the Home Office of the Company.
This policy is signed in behalf of the Company by its Executive Vice President and Secretary.
Secretary
Executive Vice President
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A THOUSAND CLOWNS
THE FANT AST ICKS
I enclose $ for tickets
on the date checked below:
CLOWNS -
Sat at 6:30
Sun at 5:00
FANTAS -
Fri at 7:30
Sat at 9:30
Sun at 2:00
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY
ZIP
PHONE
Please enclose a self-addressed,
stamped envelope for return of your
tickets. Make all cheques payable
to Ann Arbor Junior Light Opera.
Tickets are also available at
Stangers on State Street, or at
Ann Arbor Community School, 401 N.
Division Street.; box officeat
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre open at
12:30 p.m., week of Performance only,
MAIL ORDERS TO: JLO, Box 157, AA 07.
-H-H"++-H-+-H--l--H-+++++++++++++++++++++
-\
X
-:-!j
J C H N H C N ^t Y fM C H T E R
1436 E PARK PL
ANN A f<. B 0 R I KM 4 Q I
'-3
^
^'
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THE
IN
Ih-
^w^W-
AND
K
THOUSAND
cipwiiisr
A Comtdy t»y MWB GARDNER
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre
A THOUSAND CLOWNS: Sat. , 9 Sept 72
at 6:30 p.m.
Sun. , 10 Sept 72
at 5:00 p.m.
THE FANTASTICKS: Fri . , 8 Sept. 72
at 7:30 p.m.
Sat. , 9 Sept. 72
at 9:30 p.m.
Sun., 10 Sept 72
at 2:00 p.m.
PRICE SCHEDULE:
Counter Price - $3.00
Students & Seniors - $2.00
Members of f.e Company - $2.00
Croups of 3 or more: $2.25 ea.
BOARD OF TRU8TEES
DR. ARNULF M. PINS, Chairman
Teaneck, N.J.
MRS. EVERETT A. KALB. Treasurer
Flushing, N.Y.
MRS. BUR7 SIRIS, Secretary
Rye. N.Y.
CHARLES BICK
Forest Hills, N.Y.
DR. DANIEL ELAZAR
Philadelphia, Pa.
HERSHEL ELKINS
Los Angeles. Calif.
IRWIN FIELDS
Los Angeles, Calif.
PROF. LEONARD FEIN
Boston, Mass.
HERMAN FINEBERG
Pittsburgh, Pa.
SAUL FREEDMAN
Philadelphia, Pa.
PAUL GOLDMAN
Brooklyn, N.Y.
MRS. SAMUEL HALPRIN
New York, N.Y.
SHLOMO IKAN
New York, N.Y.
DR. DANIEL ISAACMAN
Philadelphia, Pa.
MRS. CHARLOTTE JACOBSON
New York, N.Y.
MRS. HERBERT JOSHUA
Minneapolis, Minn.
MOSHE KAGAN
Bronx, N.Y.
DONALD KAHN
Chicago, III.
BENNETT KLEINMAN
Cleveland, Ohio
RABBI NORMAN LAMM
New York, N.Y.
ZV! LIBERMAN
Chicago, III.
DR. HARRY LEVI
New York, N.Y.
DR. IRVING LUTSKY
Milwaukee, Wisc.
RABBI ISRAEL MILLER
New York, N.Y.
RABBI ISRAEL MOWSHOWITZ
Jamaica, N.Y.
DR. EMANUEL NEUMANN
New York, N.Y.
RAYMOND PATT
Brooklyn, N.Y.
DR. ALLAN POLLACK
New York, N.Y.
RABBI DAVID POLISH
Evanston, III.
MRS. MORRIS POPKIN
Great Neck, N.Y.
BERNARD RIFKIN
Brooklyn, N.Y.
MRS. CARL SPECTOR
Boston, Mass.
STANLEY STERN
New York, N.Y.
DR. JOSEPH STERNSTEIN
Roslyn Heights. N.Y.
MRS. MIKE SUMBERG
Miami, Fla.
ELI ZBOROWSKI
Forest Hills, N.Y.
MRS. I. MARK ZELIGS
Cincinnati, Ohio
AmeßiCAn zionrst youth foundAtion
515 Park Avenue • New York, N.Y, 10022
Tel. (212) 751-6070
f
ISRAEL - 1972
ADVENTURE IN KIBBUTZ
YOUR FLICHT INFORTIATIDN:
DEPARTURE
New York - Tel Aviv Wednesday, July 5, 1972
Departing Kennedy International Airport
Flight: Swissair //lll
Time: 6 ;10 p.m.
Refueling in Zürich (same plane changes flight number)
Tel Aviv arrival: Thursday, July 6, 1972, Svjissair //1334
at 1:35 p.m.
RETURN
Tel Aviv - New York, Wednesday, August 23, 1972
Departing Lydda International Airport
Flight: El AI #287
Time: 11:59 p.m.
Kennedy arrival: Thursday, August 24, 1972 at 8:10 a.m.
Executive Oirector
WILLIAM LEVINE
2-38
Associate Director
HAROLD M. GREENBERG
Dear *.ark:
Auc:.13.1972
'Ve are vory happy to liave your letter dated Auc*3(nailecl only on th0
6th) which arrived by slovj pid^reon last cifternoon. ^ertainly the r:ail
Und idinc airmail) is noti. n[^ to brar a »out v;hen it corries to speed,
^ur letter of the ?^th took 8 cSays to ret to you, 13ad record,—
We were relieved to cee tha you are well ar;ain, especially since you
ne lected to nention the cauGe of the il^necG* — :e do have all postcards
and letter-ü, naturaily. ^our .reetingi:^ to the as::orted friends will be
pa. sed on at once, but I am sorry I can't help you witk i^lex, who aecrnn to
have s:inr.:e^' to\^n (probably to i.YC), we "eep callin^ the number he (jave f>.e
laßt ti e, but no luck (f rundinama seevis to have ^-one alonr,too).
'^s to money, you will have to be your own .lud e. Aiaybe you v;ill really aave n
no more lar^e exponGcc, v;e t£UGt, tili you Ic ve. It would be nice
if you CO Id at leaot visit nazorea, v/ith Its bea .tiful buildin g and t'ie
-useum, and it may interoGt you to know that v/)o man re bered taerc jtxilfKS
(.-'ilfr>ed -srael) ia, or rather was, the -andauer who hac a pari in Cabaret.
All of the i.eople in ^a aret are ^rawn aftor real life c aracters whO'-: Isher
wood met in ^erlin. -3ut the .;irl wo took the Lngüs lesGon \jas not
-ilfrerJ^G dau^hter Cor :ister), ^he ±3 still alive today , in ^nT±±nkB9is.
•»e will asGe^ible quantitie^ of requested quinine wüter. I will try
the i^o r i«a address on t^iis letter, ac I ^ather t -is mißht t:pecd de ivery .
-ince the --i butz ±3 cerv^rl by t 1I0 mobile iC reute, it ml i^t be bet er tiian
the pickup froo! JeruGaleT. s --ox, in case t
ey d n t go t ere ovcry day.
"•othing new here tliat is i-porta t en: up:h to teil you whi e you have
a crand tirae actinf; like a farmcr. ^'ith ray enorcous *:now cd;-e of farr.ing
an" crops, I hüver:»t /::e clirhtcGt idea w .at t ey mir:!it row (I do know
ab '.t oriianf:oü) un'l v;as sur ri^ed to hear they do ^ave pearn, Good deal^
A'e know the land is crtile. -»-t v;ould be wonderful if you could r:et for
yi>ur3elf £3or:e fotos of - onrat^ctc. (not to inail, but to brin^ back). I a
Gort of oorry you Jid not taie any ca;;iera üt all, but perhapo it war. just
a^: well. — Yog, i.eople in r.y library keep askin^ about newc fron you,
since t:ey .ci.ow you are ..ve there. ViGitlng ac you do Ig et 111 a n velty
here, ijince i-ost people juöt "do the Gi-hts'' w cn tiey go to ^urope, and
oioG moGt oi* what ic really worth Geein;^. ^-^nd t en thoy never a'o en u^jh
tirne to s::a7 onc; enouf^l; to nakc it wortli wiil . -ta/ weil and be ;-ood.
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THE f^icriTiins
Dear Mark :
8 AujTuot 1972
/
«• rot your letter which yu maiUd Aui^uot 2 - today. C<^rtain no »m^J
record: at the Library we ret the %ruoalen ioot air;ial e Ui" T
AU« aay - on laurüJa.y,
^ . , , . "•• ^^^^ u«happy of courr.« to hear t at you were(we
trast. .ot ave) cick. a»i .ine, you 4ii .ot ..y wUat's v/rong we ue a it
be b-ck xn füll vx.:,or by the tim. y ,u g.t tai. U te or earlier. r.-is
««11 buüxncos ,et« «e. ..e ave taue far bad 5 poctcarda and 1 l<^tter iwl«h
«eana norc io ob t ie way. -e vre -ot worri«.d Lf ,.„».- n > / ■^«'^'^er, ^iwich
VAU .» ^0.4.- /• «- wre ..Jt wurrieö hut eure Ix^e to know w at
you are dolmg (in very .,cßeral teme) oince everybody and nis brot.TI^who
Ib out of tow«. I dio c;.e -im at tue laut JcUool lioard meeting whe-e f'ere
was a tcrrxfxc row over tho incroiibly atupid Loard action i« frvin^ to
tr.nsfer a (blacV^ rrinciral out of ror^ytii w t^icut eivini: im '
proper
MeariHB or even teli hin tKe ch.rpee.( ,ction wan reociaded la.t ni^ht)
üaa.c oo-inaon ie tho only Jecent boardmerbor left. Carrinljtoa is a phony.
Juliet las been worki.g kard Vfor -.e ) . typinp and corting lo'n of
tmiex Cards. *V are bcf learalag i«ne»6ely about -crael just by t :ia
wor,: w-crj xnvolven juct abc ..t every postof rice.starrp aad special a: eti-i/r
or aöt.rxcal o caüion in ^arael (every tinr: har. cancellationa or ülopaaa)
-o we IcaoWar abo t" ♦•ahariya!: .etc.cbc. -I had an ido« that erha s
another tto .p waa still in ^ho«r«t w.:ich caused your rroup to travel'firet
IT'^lT ^ 'T"" "^ ''''^^'''' *• '"''*'^ " ^ tVou;l:t. -f course we wiJl
Mil the letters to the .'GBox Jerusalem (I .^tarted to cocy ..otk on fie
letter i sent to -oee, so I si , ly connleted the error/".
" r
"O (^ t ay, will leave rooc for your mother, She -!uBt wf»"t to
vote.^xt r:as been raininc all day aad then pri.T.ary votin^ suffers. .
^^^ ••••'i*o«g uys will Win for t ^e .Jovember balLot.—
▼ary bad bocau e
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July •I3tl972
Dear Mark:
,^e were glad to have your letter» at laat^ but are puziiled about
the Bwitch In the pro^r; m, **aturally, I will writ? to thoso wiio don*t -ncw yet
that you juot ma.y g ow up, b:at if I rojd your ochedule rignt^ you won't hava
too much timo once you r;et out uf «ieraoalen. ^-e fi^urcd you got to *-»od ok
oince we hcard nothing on the radio to the contrary. ^^ut your tele, rarn took
13 lourö to et to us, such beln; th© pro Tv7i-ja of Jiind« rs. ^rren ha4
not yet heard from her sonS| and w len 1 called her tonight to teil her of
your leL er, she had none a.s yet, T t^in they had planned to :^<>et then^i in
*^erusale:i| but t^iey will miös them by one day» irobably have to see them in
-^homrat. ^t is not oa our cid map^ a^^id the -»hornrat in thu ^nc#^uda"ca is not
M of >icre but -lalfway betv;eon *^aifa and ^cruciaiewi, eo It 1d not the right
one« 1 ju t 0];e voj wil"^ ove a c >rice t; ni et t e ot ler -'rie:ilandor;3 and
maybe the ^^egallCi tho others are all oldcr like nynelfi and that viould be
less intorestint; to you» 1 for:30t to ci.yc you the cddrc^r. of the head of the
lnform;.tion ^epartuiont oT tUc -;id Varihem (w o Vnowrij you are coming^ but
not vet, ..hen« j^o sce hiri| he is v;orth talkin»3: to^ and i'ad Vas'iem is nome-
tning 10 üew should fall to vicit* ^ou v/ill G>e vry* It in a tue orial to
our fai.ilieGitoo» The man^tj nam« ia uynjarnin Arnon, and the **q orial is,
of couröe, on Har ^iazikaron (It o ci-rs to ^o that you robably will . ee t is
let:ter ai ter visit r.- t^:e i
iace, '*'t jay be well worth ..oin^; bück to see hir:i»
***eanwhilei bcici: on the form all i^ v/ell, except we misa you oince
we are not uaed to ^yet) havinr; ./ou ot co.ir!ing ::o e at all • .'O lave a ood
tiiae, 1 am sure you will, and keep an open eye and f'ind, for ., ar you :.ee
lü iapo^tant . ^ ri :ed nut Gtrecc t\e point that ti.is ic pot juvt a ai^i^iit-
öcei!^ jurcct a la artin -^evy, •*• t*i n»c it mir; t be a good idea o send
hira a locter '>one will be enough, I ar. aure),
Juliet and I have sta-^ted cn our index-Lng proj'.dt wiicn we hoi.e will
brin • in so e pen ios. ^uct nov; it is very hot and cla my ( .' ) so I am
ty Inf in t. e bauement, on t::e werk t ble*
I dhall v;rite some :ncre in a few daya, if not via OG'e, t on
to the wibuz, b .t will try uo ti:..e it .io it will - t f?t Ihcro before you
P»S» "i'/e all" wo l- like to know whet «er t) e chan e l:i tlic prot;raa
was explalned* - v/cndor \ si ice it soe tzd mcre üe '.oib e to ave you
and y r r-ro ^p et bit of o« and 3 o iiebrew^too, oefore .'uneting all-
over« il t ere be ony t -e after the i»»ibu2 vvec g to see ie i^viv, r
^•aifaV Joosn t . ound 1 e it»--
I hav boe:i up into all iourc of t c night and rnorninc; watching a
miracie: a c^e ocratic party totally in control of thcse nder 3^f v;ith ^'cG«
the cloar ad only po sible candidate^ It wa an ist ric event jilrit-'itf
bi<t c he win? We will have to see« ^«either t .e ,^f*ty rog larü ncr the
lab.r bo scs have endorsed him and i doubt they v/ill help him»
.vell, be -ood and careful, if you can, :<i^yfr :nq$^.r' forde hfnr
love, and üo do Juliet and I. c/
♦e would not nind a few postcards,
if tiae Joea not allow üirletterr>^
•le were .ratcful you printod f.e text. -
c cou^ d r ad t.
Dear Markt
August 2, 1972
«rfhile I war. trving to find enough atrength left for another letter.
In betv/oen work md the bir, indexing project and another heat wav« which
iG i'etting to me more as I am ^ettinc: «locer Uvcry day ) to t!ie ar;e 9t),
we rccelve-^ yo r letter written in -einz' place and aloo.todav. your nico
View of tae .-os(jue in "erusalom, -ie ccrtninly are ha py to <uow that you
havc a gr.od tirae, and a parcnt y .iu'iet is ri,7!>-. when che says that you
know ^ow to find your way around, and oce what you want to see, etc. etc.
At y. ur age I dld that.too, >-xce;)t liiat ivo were not longer able to travel
ao freely'as one cculd today. I ish you had been a little '^oro conccr-
vative wif. yc.jr opending rnmey, ji:st in case, but now that ;-.:u are oettl-
ed", periapo t!ie urge to b y will sufecide,
Jfour Tjother and 1 and u'uliet^toc, all ^.o -e you ni it find a moment
arain to spare us time for a Ion- leVer, nven t ough rintin- talces longer
than ivriting. -e cu-ely find it hard to await your return lefore we have
anv idea f ,i st what inpresse ' you and iow,etc. — -iope you keep noteo»
or a diary, it aiig-t et F-Ood eno-gh for a fow articles. -fter all, you
are ot bad in expre sing youroslf in writing.—
From your fast-movinr itlnerary i take it you had no tinc to
Visit any of the reople on "your list". -X)^' e "ood-an hope.^ yo c-^uld bc9
him bcfore he Vad to ta:e of: on his (long-cc eduled/ yacation. b t -L had
a oto fro him sayinf hr forwardcd ny letter to yo i Uhe cne I oent
c/o .:g) -o I ust ssunp you did r.ot see him. »ou about the ^egalls.
I am not tryin. to crowd you nchedule, b it it night be very UGcful to
know theo, for future rcforcncc« as well,
I will write to heinz fcomorrow. v. horwise nothmg to report fron
here. Alex cal C^^ once , but üc as to have left town for a w ile, .e has
not callod Gince. -^aw ^itty today on the Camous, she aends rcsards.
I f or' ot to ask her w ether she Isarl hoard fron you, -aybe juüt as
X unny ,
well, in case you did not write to her. ^hey had their Performance cf
Feiffer, but .ibcon wao unkind, an 5 the audience wa;- lacking. inspxte
üub-iicity. *t was j st too hot to move - iven into an airconditioned
of
!uditoriuL TrüeGs". 'l an krepin- the review. and also all "he chess
a-ir-s .'ischer-Spa sky. -he former ic a bun, but brilliant. oasuky is a
hero and the last t"ent eman left, b.;t appcirently uite s laken.--
J.f yo Gce iiilde. -ive her all cur love. •»• had no re-.;ly to r.y
letter to the .vahns, go I c5on*t know w lat t':« Situation io. In aifa, if
ycu ant to. you can call on l^r. o. Dagoni. he juct wrote a am. really
r-ice. "e -ioeon't know y -u are nearby, so it will be a -urprise for him.
Dear flark:
J -ly 25, 1972
..e have of course enjoyed th« two "brief rotea" on yo r pootcarda and
were very e:1ad Ind« d to se« that you had ratlier 'ittlo timo to cit down
and rest, not to speak of writinc to anybody. I know that 3 woeks of
Oourneyin ab ut In ariy place will et to you eventualLy so you .111
probably not rcind the ctatlonary period of your trlp too much. iou have
al0eady seen the land that aoGt Jewa have only dreamed and talked about,
and 3een nore in a s^ort er tine than most people even when they corae to
viGit ^arael. Je are vory happy it wac pos;;iblo fo-' yo i to po and cee
the land and the people, both the very old and, now, the very nel^r. ^
would have written earlier but laat w • k we ha^? 6 dayc of 90 plus in a
row, with an equal amount of :,u idity, üO.etiiinR about a heat wave r^etting
stuck over our b;loeved county. You did not raiss a thing, beiieve ne,
"•e have nrt otopped breat lin," since you left, but tried to "car-y on",
and Juliet ia my clerk nov and works for nie on the bis index, which 1
hope will brin^r in corae monoy. Your :.other is preparin,-, to spenl 3 days
with "arvin ^»-antors in -vanston, and that rneano a vacatlon for :-e, too,
t'^aybe you had a c ance to see «oshe Goadir.an,and if you >^id, you rot my
letter, if you send anytnir. by ordinary mail, it "takes 3 days, ^lease
add a few pruta and nend your recorts ^y air mail, bverybody sks w at
you are doing and all that, and we don t kn w too ;;iuc!:, of course.
i:.eek after you left I watchef^ the revolution on TV (*'cCov. rn's
nomnation). f the,, can kcep -..p the doorbell rin^Tinr- and the ent lusian
he can nuke it, becauo the '.epublicans are once a ain ovcrconfident ,
especially now that Dicky has oald he insistc on having Jviro »ho a ain
as hio run in^j aate. Ideal couple. — ^he CS:' had so e excollcnt back-
ground articlos on the "i;ldle -aot Situation, including one that s ows
that^ srael i^-ht roally be better off with i.ixon in for ancther 'i voars,
but I hüve ny own iJean on that, *f you c e üolda, say hy, Teil her
your fati.er ±o a colleage of hors (ühe vao a librarian "in .^ilwaukee once)
therwice, nothi::g now, ^iope you havo a jVuod tirne and tue inoney h Ido
out. -^oo bad about the , lasaes, poa ibly we can ;et reirnbursed via
inuurance. I<ou that /ou will come back with all thece wonderful tales
and Sites to toll, I a morc anxious than ovor to n ke the trip myself,
Lact wee'c, ■»• v;ae a; , ointp ^ Chief ^oher of our .eüplc, what a ea fac.ie.
^ut Ginco J- can t rcally c ntribute nore t an I do now, t lis is one way
to lelp. P.G. 1 wag v:ry ■ia;.ry to hoar that .you had a chance to pray
at tie .-eotorn...all, lo see »'erusalem, ; ore than anyt ine eise, and por-
haps Pra^ue. ,f I can manage that, I shal! be very content in-.leed.
Out next tine I like to have you and «Juliet a ' on.ij, i\ow t at we have a
1 ttery in -ic lican, we mitsht juat win the _ ley we noed for al ^ t':at,
•^uöy well and be nice» iour oothcr an*i
your iiistor send you t'.eir love, na do 1.
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An aerogramme containing any enclosure wilT^be sent at airmail-letter ralef
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S*e Wfa^rburg,
Near Kvac.r Süva.
Israel*
26/6/1972.
Dear cousin,
I was very glad to receive your letter, \vhich was forwardeQ to
**flie froin the Kibbutz» As you can see from tne address we no longer
live in kibbutz Gal-on. Rachael has also left kibbutz a/si^is livin,
in Tel Aviv. Her adiress is 94 A'eitzman Street, iNorth Tel Aviv.
we live on a Moshav, (collective of small-holcin^s) which is about
a half hours ride t'rom Tel Avi
V
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we shall be very happy to hear from your son when he arrives i
n
Israel
ou did not mention his name nor to which kibbutz he
intends going, ßut he shoulci know tnat if he is ever arouna near
here he will always be very welcome.
just for the record, we now have three children; .ionit our
daugnter, wiao is 12| years old, Gedeon is our lo year ola boy,
And baby Amikam, he was just a year old last week. My wife Miki
IS an Sn^lish Teacher, and i»m a salesman for an j^merican Company,
KEM
M
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tl
üur smallholding is about 6 acres, mostly oranges, so
e are kept quite busy
^ 4
Hoping you keep in touch
Shalom.
AJect^ C
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KIBBUTZ SHOMRAT
ADDRESS; Doar Na Ashrat
PHONE: (oM 91 00 96
Our Jerusalem Office advised us that ycu use the following «ailing address:
NAME:
AIK B Shomrat
P.O. Box 711^1
Jerusalem, ISRAEL
Your luggage tag is BLUE,
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TMia IN >^^r\D — iTiDasi» i'T>ojini ,i)on -i>»3o ijdn v»i^n
.mmon ^lyji rowji Ijn — njni .v>^ii oipoa minon
PLEASE USE THESE LABELS —
THEY WILL ENSURE QUICK IDENTIFICATION AND SPEEDY
RETURN OF YOUR BAGGAGE. SHOULD IT EVER BE MIS-
PLACED. PLEASE INSERT IN CAPITALS YOUR NAME AND
PERMANENT ADDRESS ON THE LABELS. AFFIX THEM ON
THE INSIDE OR THE OUTSIDE OF YOUR BAG. AND PLEASE.
DON'T FORGET TO LOCK YOUR BAG. THANK YOU.
VEUILLEZ FAIRE USAGE DE CES ETIOUETTES
DANS VOTRE PROPRE INTERET I
ELLES AIDERONT Ä LOCALISER VOS BAGAGES EN CAS
OÜ CEUX-CI VIENDRAIENT Ä ^TRE EGARES. INSCRIVEZ
EN LEHRES MAJUSCULES VOTRE NOM ET VOTRE
ADRESSE PERMANENTE ET COLLEZ-LES Ä L'INTERIEUR
OU Ä LEXTERIEUR DE VOS BAGAGES. NOÜBLIEZ PAS DE
FERMER VOS BAGAGES A CLEF.
FOR INÜ«4ICftON6 1
\HPCmTMiT\ VOfll^4MfilACftQ|IS
* AU VEÜSO f
ISRAEL SITMMER PROGRAMS
AMERICAN ZIONIST YOUTH FOUNDATION
515 Park Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10022
(212) 751-6070
TRAVEL INSTRUCTIONS #2
This Is the second of three letters you will be receiving in connection with your
participation in the Israel program this summer. Everyone receiving this "Travel
Instructions #2" should have already received an acceptance letter and "Travel In-
structions #1". If you do not have these first two, please contact our office.
We are happy to inform you that all arrangements are proceeding and all programs are
^
\
)
<r.
1.
ment
Hopefully, you have completed or will shortly complete your preliminary artange-
s, listed here as a reminder.
a.
b.
Passport - Hold on to it. Do not send it to our office.
V
c.
d.
Your Smallpox Vaccination - Is it listed on the International Certificate"
of Health? Is your doctor's signature validated by the Local Board of
Health? Hold on to the certificate. Do not send it to us. NOTE THAT THIS IS
NOT REQUIRED BUT RECOMMENDED.
Medical examination report - If you are one of the few who have not yet
sent it in, please do so promptly or we do not guarantee your participation.
Payment - Füll payment is now due. Be assured that a füll refund, less the
$25 registration fee is given for any withdrawal up to two weeks prior to
departure. We regret that we cannot acknowledge each individual check. Your
cancelled check is your receipt. You will not receive a bill, so please consider
this form as your bill.
2- Fl^ght - Enclosed is a sheet with the exact flight schedule of your group. Please
plan on arriving at Kennedy International Airport, New York, approximately four hours
before flight time, for a pre-flight orientation meeting. Go to the airline counter,
check m your luggage, pick up your ticket and report to the orientation site. This
will be the first opportunity for the participants, coming from all over the United
States, to get together. Travel Instructions #3 (to follow later) will list the
exact meeting place and hour at the airport for the orientation Session. Remember,
first you get rid of your luggage and pick up your ticket; then you come to the
orientation site, which will be very close to the ticket counter.
Be sure that the enclosed flight Information sheet contains the name of your program
onjtO£. There is bound to be a slip up in at least one case, so if you see a diff-
erent program name that the one you are on, yell outi
3. Insurance - While in Israel, you are covered for routine medical care through
our Jerusalem office, with the Kupat Holim, Israel 's national medical plan. This
Covers the Services of a doctor, anywhere in the country should it be required,
plus treatment through our own medical staff . However, should hospitalization
for longer than a day or two be required, it would not be covered. Private doctor
4
- 2 . •
Visits are not covered. In this connectlon, we would like to point out that your
own family or individual health and hospltalization Insurance (such as Blue Gross,
etc.) Covers you when you are overseas as well. Check with your Insurance agent if
you want to be sure.
For those who are Interested, it Is posslble to get short term accident and baggage
Insurance for the trlp. Check with your own Insurance agent (if you feel this coverage
is necessary.) This is recommended.
4. Enclosed please find a sheet listing Customs and Currency Information. It is
suggested that all spending money you bring be in the form of travellers checks
to avoid possible loss. Israel Bonds may be taken to Israel and converted there,
for use as spending money.
5. Spending Money - (personal pocket money) - Since individual spending habits vary
from one indiv}.dual to another, we are reluctant to recommend a specific amount. A
minimum of $50 should be taken. In all cases travellers checks in low denominations
are recommended rather that cash. Should there be a need to send over additional
funds this may be done for a fee via various international bank Services, cables, and
American Express.
6. Under separate cover we sent you a very useful pocket book entitled "Facts About
Israel", which you should find quite informative. In the back of this booklet you
will find a selected reading list to help you prepare further for your experience.
Enclosed please find two additional useful pamphlets :
1. "A Hundred Words of Hebrew"
2. "Going to Israel?"
Final Instructions including mail address, itinerary outline, and baggage tags, will be
included with Travel Instructions #3.
\
L'hitraot.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
DR. ARNULF M. PINS. Chairman
Teaneck, N.J.
MRS. EVERETT A. KALB, Treasurer
Flushing, N.Y.
MRS. BURT SIRIS. Secretary
Rye. N.Y.
CHARLES BICK
Forest Hills, N.Y.
DR. DANIEL ELAZAR
Philadelphia, Pa.
HERSHEL ELKINS
Los Angeles, Calif.
IRWIN FIELDS
Los Angeles, Calif.
PROF. LEONARD FEIN
Boston, Mass.
HERMAN FINEBERG
Pittsburgh, Pa.
SAUL FREEDMAN
Philadelphia, Pa.
PAUL GOLDMAN
Brooklyn, N.Y.
MRS. SAMUEL HALPRIN
New York, N.Y.
SHLOMO IKAN
New York, N.Y.
DR. DANIEL ISAACMAN
Philadelphia, Pa.
MRS. CHARLOTTE JACOBSON
New York, N.Y.
MRS. HERBERT JOSHUA
Minneapolls, Minn.
MOSHE KAGAN
Bronx, N.Y.
DONALD KAHN
Chicago, III.
BENNETT KLEINMAN
Cleveland, Ohio
RABBI NORMAN LAMM
New York, N.Y.
ZVI LIBERMAN
Chicago, III.
DR. HARRY LEVI
New York, N.Y.
DR. IRVING LUTSKY
Milwaukee, Wisc.
RABBI ISRAEL MILLER
New York, N.Y.
RABBI ISRAEL MOWSHOWITZ
Jamaica, N.Y.
DR. EMANUEL NEUMANN
New York, N.Y.
RAYMOND PATT
Brooklyn, N.Y.
DR. ALLAN POLLACK
New York, N.Y.
RABBI DAVID POLISH
Evanston, IM.
MRS. MORRIS POPKIN
Great Neck, N.Y.
BERNARD RIFKIN
Brooklyn, N.Y.
MRS. CARL SPECTOR
Boston, Mass.
STANLEY STERN
New York, N.Y.
DR. JOSEPH STERNSTEIN
Roslyn Heights, N.Y.
MRS. MIKE SUMBERG
Miami, Fla.
ELI ZBOROWSKI
Forest Hills. N.Y.
MRS. I. MARK ZEUGS
CIncinnati, Ohio
ameuiCAn zionist youth Poundation
515 Park Avenue • New York, N.Y. 10022
Tel. (212) 751-6070
ADVENTURE IN KIBBUTZ
TRAVEL INSTRUCTIONS //3
(FINAL)
1. Reconfirralng your fllght - departlng Wednesday July 5,
1972, via Swissair #111 Kennedy Airport at 6:10 p.m.
2. Orientation - at the International Synagogue at Kennedy
Airport (opposite the El AI Terminal). First check in your
luggage at Swissair, then get to the synagogue around 4:00 p.m
NOTE: Allow your seif about an hour for checking in time.
3. Your kibbutz assignment and tnailing address are enclosed.
4. The enclosed colored tags are for your luggage. If you
need more, get them from your local stationery störe, but
only t'^e same color.
».— »*^^^»'»— ^'»^-^"— »^»"Wi»»— »— —^tmm^mmmimmmmm
5. Have a good summer.
Executive Director
WILLIAM LEVINE
Associate Director 3—38
HAROLD M. GREENBERG
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• • • « • • •
THINGS TO DO TODAY
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WEDNESDAY, APRIL 5. 1972
APRIL
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
MARCH
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
12 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 1011
12131415161718
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
MAY
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 1011 1213
14151617181920
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
"30 24 25 26 27 28 29
96th Day
Patented
270 Days to Come
AMERICAN ZIONIST YOUTH FOUNDATION 515' Park Ave. New York, N.Y. 10022 (212) 751-6070
HELPFUL INFORMATION FOR SEMINAR, INSTITUTE AND WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS
CUSTOMS REGULATIONS
You may bring with you Into Israel the following personal effects, custom duty free.
Personal effects: clothing, footwear, one electric shaver, traveling Iron,
sewing kit, writing and sport accessories, personal jewelry, camping equipment,
bicycle, baby carrlage, and other personal effects usually carried by a traveler, etc.
Accessories for personal use such as a portable typewriter, camera and
film, binoculars, portable radio, portable phonograph, tape recorder, portable
musical Instruments, etc. v
Half pint of alcoholic drinks and one 4/5 bottle of wine, 1/2 pint of
perfume, 250 grams (9 ozs.) of smoking tobacco or cigars or 12 packs of cigarettes.
(This applies only to visitors aged 17 or over.)
Twenty-two Ibs. of assorted food per person subject to maximum waiver
of duty of IL 30 (about $7.15). It is advisable, therefore to include only small
quantities in the case of highly taxed items, such as spices and instant coffee.
You must take out of the country on the date of departure from Israel, all
effects other than gifts and obviously expendable articles, on which exemption from
customs duty and tax was granted.
Note: Electric current in Israel is: 220 volts A.C.; 50 cycles, Single phase.
GIFTS
Gifts may be brought to Israel and Customs duty will not be collected on
gift items if the total value does not exceed $40.00. Over the $40.00 limit, you
may have to pay a customs duty. Over a $100.00 limit, you may also need an Import
license.
CURRENCY
You are allowed to bring in as much American money as you please. The
present rate of exchange for tourists is IL. 4.20 (4 1/5 Israeli pounds) for $1.00.
Israelis money is divided according to the decimal System, similar to that of the
U.S. Its main unti is the pound (lira) which is divided into 100 agorot; (sing,
agorah - a biblical term) . There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 agorot.
For additional specific questions concerning the above, contact the
nearest Israel Consulate:
New York
Chicago
Los Angeles
Washington D.C.
San Francisco
Atlanta
800 Second Ave.
11 E. Wacher Dr.
659 S. Highland Ave.
1621 22nd St.
105 Montgomery St.
805 Peachtree St. N.E.
Philadelphia
Houston
Boston
Ottawa
Montreal
Toronto
225 S. 15th Street
1520 Texas Avenue
437 Boylston St.
45 Powell Ave.
1555 McGregor St.
200 Ray Street
f
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P<
JOHN HENRY RICHTER
MRS. JOHN HENRY RICHTER
1436 EAST PARK PLAGE
ANN ARBOR, MICH. 48104
TOTHE -wAMEi?ICAN -ZLOmS'
ORDER OF
km
— t;vsnty-five —
\
MEMO.
ANN ARBOR BANIL_-— — # i
ANN ARBOR, M.CHJGAN-^ Q R D A N|J
Ad venture in Kibbufz(Mai?k"ltlGAN ""^ '
SKJT'« tr" '/ajitfiSIUH", ^••' .WlA/.'.l^HVVTT ^^
Karch 15^ tQ 72
ERi\TICN—
4393
74 - 1 00
.$.
724
—25.00 —
Dollars
ei:0 7B
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OILUKt CMCCH vniNT(«»-Ln
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CM
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RECEIPT FOR CERTIFIED MAIL— 30^^ (plus postage)
SENT TO
^T AND NO. r\
POSTMARK
OR DATE
P.O., STATE AND ZIP CODE
RETURN
RECEIPT
SERVICES
fVfwrpKK City jvy lo
OPTIONAL SERVICES FOR ADDITIONAL FEES
DELIVER TO ADDRESSEE ONLY
Shows to whom and date delivered
With delivery to addressee only .
Shows to whom, date and where delivere
Vi/ith delivery to addressee only .
SPECIAL DELIVERY (2 pounds or less) ZZ 45^
POO Form 3800
July 1969
NO INSURANCE C0VERA6E PROYIDED—
NOT FOR INTERNATIONAL MAIL
($99 ofh9r sid9)
* OPO: I970 0-S97-49«
JOHN KEI;RY RICHTiiii
31.5-769-2972
14 36 ^ast Park F:j.ac©, ANN AHßOH, MICIIIGAIh i^Slü^
Israel Prograns
Ahili^ICAN iilüNIST yoUTH FOUNDATION
..515 PARK AVENU;S 1
NEW YORK N,y, ^0033
April 25, 1972
■ ; } }
Ref.: Kark Alexander Richter
We have received and acknowledge with thanks your letter
ot acceptJanceof i'^ark's application, and the Travel Instructions ^''o. 1
aH4 will ^-ollow it closely. '
I enclose a check for the total amount of i 754.— as
stated in your letter.
He.üaining,
i>^:)Gt sinc!2rely yours,
nn^'^en:r^Hichter
I
m
](hvd. CüCAu/( 0711^1 ^-?^'7^ <^7sy.-
Pk.^uni 1972
Licbf^r llBlnzi
"herzlichsten Dank fuer Deinen ^rief vom 27*iMai^ den ich etwao apaet
beantworte» da sich die ^^uten ^eute in KYC i re ,sUte /Jeit nai.men, bis
sie uni3 mitteilten, welchen Flug unser ^lerr ^ohn n ch ^sr el nehrnen wird.
.^un wi.isen wir es, und -iier x»t sind die Jin.:elheiten :
Abflug von^-W York 5 *^uli, Jwissair no. 111 6:10FH. Refueling
iJuerich. 4?el Aviv ^^nkunft 6 ^'uli Swioö&ir no* IJJif l:35.iM,
Dasc Ihr iruten Leute ihn be^ruesisen und cpaeter aufnehmen wollt ^ ist
wundervoll, und macht den alten ber.or<^ten Intern dus ^^erz und i-eben etwa«
leichter • ^*ork macht un.; zwar keine**i3or.ren'\ aber es ist ja nicht nur
:jeine erste lant-e Keice die ihn soauoa en "ganz allein" in die ^elt
echickt, sondern er wird ja auch die let'/.ten drei »lochen in einem
fremden wern auch sehr freundlich .'gesinnten Lande acin, in de' er
nunnial eben erst 17 *^ahre alt ist. A lordincs .sind unsere Siebzehn-
jaehri,ye nicht ganz^so weltfremd und isoliert wie wir e.- vor einer
Generation waren* cü habe ih. die Ad ^res. en einiger sor.Talti.-:« aas-
ijcwSlten Verwandte und < reunde dt^c-ege »en , die wissen da: er kora^t und
wo er gioichfalls c^rn ^^ese en sein wird. -ch will ja auch, cts-^ er
soviel wie .^ioeglich seine ei.i;enen IirTne :Tiücht und Mit offenen A igen das
-and und Volk sieht, de n dort mar; er eine viel oeci^ere *:ukunft haben als
hier.
oeine i-ibbutz acdresoe ist : Kibbutz ohonrat
Doar **a Ashrat
nicht weit von Jerusalem. Die ^ot'tanschrift liit AIK JJ 3hom»at , P.O.Boe
71^1, Jerusalem. x- ». . ,.
i^-ehr npaeter. ^^ir bleiben in stetif^er verbindun.r.
Was Du ueber Ülde besonders, falls r>ich ^^lugzeiten andern
schriebst, bedauere ici na- sollten.
nuerlich üelir. -^ch liabc an »ie und Iritz auch [geschrieben ('geantwortet
' at Kiaa r:och nicht), und ich nc me an, dass ein ^e:rach wohl davon ab-
haen ;t, wie Gich ^*ilde iia Auruüt fue.ilen .';irr],etc. I^as wir::t bu ja eher
wi:isen. Der ^nfall war ja ein wirklibhes i-ech, ich l>in ja auch beweis-
terter ^ladfahrer, aber sie st ja nun auch nahe 6u, ja ist so ein '^nochen
bruch keine leichte -achc. ^c oechte natuerlicn rerne dass ^^ark
^^acorea neben :vann, nic'it ur als .^eugnis der ^rossen Leistung sondern
eben weil ich persoenlich,wie wir all,e besonders :>n diece i Kibbuz inter«
•seiert sind. * eine ^'ahre mit den ••erkleuten habe ich nie vergesisen»
-ie ich schon vordem beschlus^^en hatte, wird »^ark traveiors checks
mit sich haben, da ich von l^Jth s Idee sowieso nicht viel hielt. Ich
benutzte iieso ceit fahren und sie sind viel besser wils flar;7eld, was
^^iark ja auch nicht fuer groesse ^^uSt^abenC :otel,etc. ) br.:jucht.
Nein^ no stopovers in -uropa. ^s llesB sich zwar arrangieren, aber
er waere da.^.n ganz allein, und nach 7 • chen voller -rlebniijsen :>caeint
mir weiteres i^eisen und "^esuchen und "die -elt zu senen
n
zu viel. ^8
wird ;7ewi*s nicht dfte letzte ^eise uebers ••asser fu r ihn sein, d^ hat
es also keinen 3inn, ;ie neise weiterauszudelmen. -^s waere anders, ufenn
wir zusa. -cnfahre-i koennten, dann koennte an solchem t-uropabesuch etwas
J^^lan und oinn ^eben. unsere Vettern n Barcelona wuerden uns gewiss
gern al Lehen, .iber das ko,r )t dieses *^aar nicht in /rare. Ich den^e^
er wird nach k ..ochea (holfendlich) lohnender 'oerperlicner Arbeit und
i>rei '*^ chen sig:itc:eeing,ctc.etc* mehr als genufj; haben, und Gich nach
etwas Ausruhezeit sehnen, ^r weiss ja nicht, wie er:..ueden d^is '-crum-
reisen und ^ reundebesuchen wirklich ist.
)
Mittwoch abend ^ . ^
Mark wird aa 25.August vom Lyi«« International obflie^en (Sl AI 2Ö7;
UB« zwar ll:59IM, und in Uew i'ork aa ?M,^ Donneslag, um h f lÜA/.
eintreffen. Flu^r von dort nac!- Detroit wird achon von nier
bestellt.—
Nun hoffen und beten wir alle, dass die Heiae wie »-et^lant vor sich
gehen wird» In di«*sen Monaten und Tanen wein» -an nie, was der naccnate
"•/? bringen xana, ^ber wir sieht nicht eingeschuechtert und glauben, vxe
es so often geaa t wird, dass an in Israel fast ueberall sicherer lat
als auf den ^itransen unserer pjrossartif en Jeltr.taedte, und daü ocillc st
unser -est r.dt ein, wo man naciits auch nicht allein .erualaufen ann,
denn die üeroinraucher brauchen viel -eld . um r.icr ihre taegiichen l^osen
zu kaufen, daher viele -inbrueche, umd "erkacufliches zxx stealen,etc .etc.
Den radikalen -Studenten v.-ird das nun auch zu bunt, denn ihre laeuscr
sind letztlich mit Vorliebe als .iel gewae It wor !en - bei --iebcn, die
"'cid brc'iijchen. i^ie ««elt wird nun al nicht besser. —
iMM>
APPLICATIo.-;
r •
..BBÜTZ
Americcu Ziouir^;- Youth roundaticn
-515 Park Avenue '
-Nc--7 York, N.Y. 1002.::
(212) 751-5070
rioto Lere
■
.arested xn-knowir.g the Kibbutz, by beccnäng part of one for a pariod " -n- enoü^h
to acquire an understandins cf Kibbu^v. life. This 7-',.7esk prograr. ha:, a/-ts'-aV
activity_rcü.r weeks cf very intensive physical vork and dcuiands willin-ir.3s to -o'
la a_variet7;oi- assi^n:neatö in a hot climata. The field trips and free '■■lue ■ "- '
proviued to 21VO the particioaaCs an crportunity Co obßerve briafly Üfe in "^sraex
iC
N '
INSTHUCTIOIIS rOR FI^......; GLT i.PPLICATION
•D' .-. -
i^-ease. r. 1,1.x. out in duDlicate. ?rir^
i-Tint or type clearly.
T A c. c. --
P'
-^eaje .•w^^.oi.M ^ai^ cijplicatiov: .wx-c:; .a dcposlt check
be included in the total fee cf $779.
TLis .all
Pleas^ attach a rccaat '^pas^port size^' phocograph to e:,,c^c, applico. .u.on
-All appllcants —der 21 years of a^e uuuc have this
by a-parerxt or gaardian.
applicaticn co-si-ued
Applications will not La coasidarad completa if any of tha abova i-ems
are OE:i;:tcd. .\11 niaterial will ba coasiderea conpletely confliantial.
AT '^•r^ ^
(Last l'Tan::)
vrirst Nane)
^:-' r
Unxtiai.;
Mailin^ or School Address:
(Until May 15) (no. ^ otri^) ^ (lilTl stata")"
Telephone
be:::
^p
(a.:ea code)
j
ight :
(Zip CG
.<.:
_Weight :
TT •
Colcr
HoLie Address:
(if different froir. above) (no. L street)
Telephone «
(area code)
Birth
Date:
Citizeaship:
(ciuy ^ State) (Zip cocLT
Country
of Birth:
Name of father:
(or legal güardian)
Business or .Coirpany:
/ /
'■ r •^"
Occuoation:
^Business Telephone:
•^«w ^
i^~
(arca cc^^^)
w
♦#
- 0 _
Busiiii
;. o w
i^"- rj * \<
ddrcss
(
no
«S Street)
Namci
e or* mother
Business
jddresc:':
EDUCATIO:>'
(city & State')
Occupation
Business
^'^>^ Telephone
(zi
p Code).
^
ä,
'T O.
Iwo
O V*
trecent first
ie of • Scbool
Citv 5c State
■Years Attended
/
..**••
^'V
JEWISH i^DUCATION (IF ANY)
jSfair.e of School
Citv c^: State
Years Attehded
Froin : • To :
Dinlorna
/
/
■ ^
T—
y
^ . — -L^ y^s, aescribe pxace and type of work:
cal
Are you able to do strenuous physical worl^^
Caps or .restrictions (if none, write none)':
Elaborate on any physical handi-
A f.
Have you ever consulted or been treated by a psvchiir^-i^c,- ^... ^ . ^
worker, -or, counsellor rr ^ P-/chiat.isu, psycnologist , social
■ ' uuat>e^xor ■> , .^_^... xi. yes, please explain; • •
(yes or no)
Have you- eyer used drugs?
(yes or no)
If yes, please explain :_
7 T
I f
. I.
/
/li3t or,';^.ani;:;atipus and youth movernc^rtts with whi c:: you, ar.. ...Tf illated . or
you have b. . . ^•f'Uiated.
IV
1.4-ii . liich
Name öf Orp;anization
Years Active
From : To :
^ I «1 W M< •!
Ho^c did yo-
ibout this program?
% ' /
•».-, «
.-//.t:
I^Jhat are your reasons and motives for choosing this program (state briefly)?
SMCLOSED >ii-:DICAL FORM SHOULD BS SENT IN PRO^iPTLY IN ORDER TO C01--pLETE PROCESSING.
\'ÖTB
PLEASS READ TKS FCLI.OvJING STATEMENTS CAREFULLY.
1. ^ Upon receipt cf your applications" yoü'will be asked to "corue" f or a personal interview
which can 'xj<1\ arranged in nost places around the country, After the inuerview, if you
are accapted, you will reccive furLher information by mail about uravci, paymant
and nacesaary preparations, kibbutz assignuiant, etc,
2. Your leuter of acceptancc v;ill also serve as your bill. The accaptance letter
wilII requcsi: you to send a $300 payment tc confirin your acceptance. Füll payraent
must be sub:^iitted by May Ist. • You ara not of ficially accepted, and your place is
not guarantced until the payinant is received. All placss in "Advcnture in Kibbutz"
are on a first coir.e~f irst served basis. Please make checks payable to the AlffiRIC^N
ZIONIST YCUYH FOUIsDATION (or A.Z.Y.?.) and send to : 515 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022,
3. Füll refund of all monies paid, excapt the $25 non-refundable registration fee,
is_'5>ven for withdrawal for any reason up to tcro weeks prior co ceparture. After
that data, a • cancellation penalty of $"50 or inore is charged.
4. Kashrut .is not available on the kibbutz part of this program.
5. USAGE OR A:IY IInVOLVEMENT WITH DivUGS OR NARCOTICS >UY BE A CAUSE FOR DISMISS^L
FROM THE PROGRAM AT ANY TI>2i:.
6. INCORREGT STATEMENTS IN .\P?LICATION OR IffiDICAL FOIU^I KAY BE A CAUSE FOR DISMISSU
FROM THE PROGRAM AT ANY TIME. ' .
7. IF I LEAVE THE PROGr..AM VOLUNTARILY; OR AM DISMISSED BY TKE KIBBUTZ OR BY THE
WORLD ZIONIST ORGANIZATION, YOUTK AJi^D KECH/ILUTZ DEPARTMENT, I FULLY UNDERSTi^J<IÜ TtlAT
NO REFUNDS V,'1-L\TS0EVER WILL, BE M/.DE. THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AMERIC/A' ZIONIST
YOUTH FOUNDATION AND TKE WORLD ZIONIST ORGMIZATION WILL TER.MINATE. LVIILL RE-
CEIVE MY AIRLINE TICKET /uN'D IT WILL THEN BE MY RESP0NSI3ILITY TO ARRANGE l'OR ANY
ACCOKKODATIÖNS AJTO/OR RETURN FLIGHT HOME. IF THE AIRLINE, THEREFORE, REQUIRHS
AJT/ ADDITIONAT. PAYMiNT TO TR/.NSPORT ME BACK TO NEW YORK (SINCE ALL TJCKETS ARE
GROuT TICKE'iS GOOU FOR TICKETS GOOD FOR TUE SPECIFIC DATE OF MY FLIGHT); IT
WILL BE AHKANGED COMPLETELY BETWEEN ME AND TUE AIRLINE.
7. I H/.VE -.1^.Uj i^^Nf •^ULLY ACCEPT THE ABOVE. ALI STATEMENTS MADE BY ME ARE CORRECT
TO THE BEST OF m ...,0;C.EDGE.
Date
Applicant's Signatare^
/ '
Parent. s or Guardian s Signature
f/' Tt-
(raquired of ^pplicants 'under 21)
. /
BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SICETCH
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MADf IN
JERUSALEM. COVERED WITH SNOW
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Jerusalem in snow,
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Tb. A<?/^<.. ^ I U,S, B ±J2f T
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LIBERATION DAY OF JERUSALEM
CONGREGATION AT THE WAILING WALL
e.\se...
A.^jd
9155
Meisser
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/
RF3.^2
12/87
HV/M/^
APPLETON _i_
CITY DIRECTORY 1874 (first)
page
91
99
107
111
FISCHER, A. (Fischer & Koffend, books and statlonary, 131 College Avenue,
res. north slde Fisk, 4 east of Oneida
HAMMEL, D., merchant, res. es of Oneida, Is of Fisk
, JACOB, merchant, residence ne corner Oneida, se of Railroad
HYMAN, J.C, (Hyman and Monsted) merchant tailor, College Avenue,
boards at the Waverly (Hotel),
KAHN, M. (KAHN & CO.) merchant, Smith's Block, res. ss of Fiske, 1 e Oneida
103 HEILBRUNNER, E. (with KAHN & CO) res. Oneida so of Railroad
115 KÖPFEND, Anton (books and stationary)
, JOSEPH (Fischer & Koffend) bookstore , 147 College Avenue, res. ns. Fiske
& Oneida.
121 LYONS, B. (LYONS & CO.) residence and störe at :'; 140 College
149 strasser; SAMUEL, Clerk, boards Oneida and Edwards
/ S.A., liquor dealer, Levake House block, s Oneida, 4n of Edwards
150 ULLMAN , GABRIEL, merchant, Levake House Block, res. west side of Morrison,
2 n of Padee's shop.
, h, Clerk at Gabriel Ullman, boards tih G.Uo (j=Joseph)
f^k 1^ ^+/^^^\ t^^'"^
fu/w^h^ i/yi
12/87
HY>l4ft/
WIRTH
HENRY
MILWAUKEE COUNTY REGISTER OF DEEDS. MARRIAGES, vol. 85p. 195
HENRY WIRTH, son of ABRAHAM and SARAH WIRTH, of Manlstee, Michigan,
merchant In Manlstee, born in Europe OD IRMA HEILBRUNNER, daughter of ISAAC
and AMALIA HEILBRUNNER, by R. Victor Caro, Bne Jeshurun, on 22 July 1884.
witnesses HERMANN HYMAN and ISAAC HEILBRONN,
"3
474 THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF MILWAUKEE
See, 2. Each member shall have the right to send his children to
the aforemcnrioned school.
See. 3. A committce consisting of members familiär widi Jewish cduca-
tional Problems shall bc appointed, whose duty it shall be to supervisc
the school, and the tcachers shall foUow their direcdves.
See. 4. Children of non-membcrs may be aecepted. Applications shall
be made to the school comniittee. Fees shall be stipulated later.
See. 5. Complaints against the teachers shall be addressed to a school
committee. No member shall be allowed to contact the teachers di-
rectiy. If he dces so, he shall be fincd $5.00.
ArticlcXIII
Assessments
See. I. The annual membership fees shall not be less than $9.00 a
year or 75 cents a month.
See. 2. All bequests and gifts to the congregation shall be entercd in
addition to the name of the donor, into a special ledger, by the secrc-
tary of the congregation.
Artiele XIV
Rights and Privileges of Members
See. I. Rights and Privileges shall be the same for all members. How-
ever, if a member should Join another congregation in the eity, he shall
no longer be eligible for any office, and shall lose his right to voce.
See. 2. A member who has not paid his dues for six months shall lose
his right to vote. If he is delinquent for 12 months, he may be excludcd.
See. 3. Members who have been excluded for this reason may bc rc-
mstated, provided they have paid all delinquent dues up to die datc
of such reinstatement.
Artiele XV
Coneeming the Burial Place
See. I. The eost of burial for members, their wives, children, mothcrs
and fathers who are supported by their children, unmarried sisters or
brothers under the age of 2 1, or people unable to bear the eost, shall bc
buried at the expense of the congregation.
See. 2. The burial expense for relatives of members shall not be Icss
than $5.
See. 3. Non-members may, upon application to the president, be ad-
mitted to the burial place, provided they make a down payment of noc
less than $5 and not more than $50.
See- 4- If the president of the congregation and the offieers are satisficd
that the bequest of the deeeased is insufficient to cover the expense of
his burial^ the diffcrenec shall be paid by the congregation.
T-
I
Appendices .^^
See. 5. Persons not belonging to the Covcnant of Abraham, or who
refuse to be buried according to the Jewish ritual, cannot be buried at
the burial grounds of the congregation.
Artiele XVI
Supplements
See. I. This constiturion shall, at all times, eonstitute the laws of the
congregation, and all by-laws and regulations shall agree with it. No
artiele and no section shall be excluded or withdrawn. The entire
Constitution, however, may be changed if, at any general mccting, an
application, signed by 15 members, is tumed over to one of the
offieers. It shall then be brought on the agenda of the next general
mceting, and if two-thirds majority support it, it shall be aecepted.
See. 2. As long as the congregation counts ten members, it shall not
cease to exist, and its laws and regulations cannot be diseontinued.
See. 3. This Constitution shall immediately be signed by all its
members and shall come into effeet at onee, this 22 day of December
1856. *
[50 names appear; signed personally by individual members]
F. M. Hardt
M. Schwarzenberg
Lazarus Schwarzenberg
Henry Abraham
Joseph Weinberg
Louis Frank
Jakob Bach *
B. I. Oettinger
Aron Abraham
Si. Feist
M. N. Becker
Michael Cohen
Jacob Kahn
A. Mock
Benjamin Mock
Henry Theobalt
Joseph Hyman
Emanuel Friend
L Blum
Jacob Frank
M. Sohn
Isaak' Frank
Benoit Shwab
Taeob Wirth
^
Isaac Friedberg
Gabriel Shoyer
Emanuel M. Shoyer
M. Abraham
A. Blade
L. Blade
J. Hoehstadt
Jacob Mayer
Marcus Oberhouser
Jacob Herz
Simon Herz
Simon Friebert
Hirsh
Marcus Dryfoos
M. Engelman
S. Stern
B. Mock
H. Kubitshek
B. MiUner
H. Cohen
H. Mak
Solomon Roth
A. Boskawitz
Nathan Schwarzenberg
Moses Bach
Moses Kahn
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480 THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF MILWAUKEE
2. If a morion has bcen made and seconded, such motion shall be read
once more before debate is over. When the house is ready for the
vote, the prcsident shall rise and ask the house to decide on this
questdon, whereupon the debate shall be closed.
3. The President shall give up his chair whenever he desires to express '
his opinion.
4. A motion may be rescindcd before the debate has been opened
5. All questions shall be decided justly, and it shall be the duty of the
President to inform the meeting about the decision taken. Each
member shall be entitled, in case of doubt, to ask for a rising Votc.
6. If there is an appeal from the decision of the prcsident, the follow-
ing questions shall be put to those present: Docs the house wish to
Support the prcsident in his decision? Whereupon the ayes and die
nayes shall be counted. The prcsident himself shall have no votc in
this case.
7. Whenever there is a rie vote, the prcsident shall cast the decisivc
vote (Article III, Section 6 shall be exempted from this rule).
Article IV Discussion
1. Whenever someone is called to order by the prcsident, he shall be
seated immediatcly and shall wait for permission to continue his
remarks.
2. When a regulär question is being presented, it can be dealt with
in the foUowing way:
a. It can be postponed.
b. It can be tabled.
c. By the preceding question.
d. By investigation.
c. By amendments.
f. To give more time for consideration.
The above mentioned order must be observed and is not debatablc.
Article V Motions and Procedure
1. Any member who presents a motion has a right to give the reasons
for such motion.
2. No question can be debated unlessr supported and announced by die
President.
3. If a motion is presented, the aflfonative shall be considered first;
4. No one shall be allowed to vote if he was outside the room when
the question was being discussed; but cveryone who was present
shall vote, unless he has a direct or indirect interest in the question
under discussion, or if he had been excused from voting by die
President.
5. All questions • • . shall be decided by a majority vote.
Appendices
481
6. All questions that are not dealt with in thesc rules shall be decided
by parliamentary law.
Supplement
^ These rules and regulations^may be changed, amended, or rescinded
m the same way as the By-Laws, and in no other way. The house,
however, shall have the right to rescind them for just one meeting or
for a Short period, provided it receives a two-thirds majority of those
present.
'ZOSBVH-
Milwaukee, November 4,
1. Gabriel Shoyer, President
2. M. H. Schwarzenberg, Vice
President
V Joseph Hvman. Treasurer ?
4. Benoit Schwab, Secretary
5. Joseph Weinberg, Superin-
tendent of the Cemetery
185Ö
23-
24-
2Ö.
28.
6. HenryTheobald^
7. Aron Abraham
8. Simon Feist
9. Leo Sax
10. J. M. Hardt
11. L. Schwarzcnberg
12. Louis Frank
13. Jacob Bach
14. M. N. Becker
15. A. Mock
16. D. Blum
17. Jacob Frank
18. Isaac Frank
, 19. Jacob Wirth
20. Isaac Friedberg
21. Moses Abraham
22. A. Blade
Members
of the
Executive
Committee
I. Hochstadtcr
Jacob Mayer
Marcus Otterburg
Jacob Herz
Simon Herz
Simon Hirsh
29. L. Blade
30. Henry Abraham
31. Benjamin Mock
32. E. M. Schoyer
33. S. Kuppershack
34. M. Engelman
35. Marcus Dryfoos
3 6. W. L. Schoyer
37. L. Mock
38. S. Weil of Merton
39. S. Stern of Green Bay
40. N. Levy of Green Bay
41. A. Marx of West Bend
42. W. Hirsh of Jancsville
43. M. Hirsh of Jancsville
44. Aron Newhof of Jancs-
ville
CONSTITUTION A^D BY-LAWS OF
CONGREGATION AHSE EMETH
1856
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12.87
HYMAN
U.S. CENSUS 1870 WISCONSIN
MILWAUKEE COUNTY
vol. 1, p. 435, 16th June 1870 Dwelling 307, Family 322 City of Milwaukee
Line
32
33
34
35
36
HYMAN, HENRY, 43, Retail dry goods & tailoy. $ 3000 pers. prop. CITIZEN
, Louisa, 39, keeping hause.. bom England / bom Poland
, Caroline, 17, at home, bom Wisconsin
, Joseph, 16, Clerk, dry goods, born Wisconsin
, Morris, 9, at home, bom Wisconsin
(Henry apparently came to the U.S. in 1853, Louisa came in 1854)
MILWAUKEE COUNTY REGISTER OF DEEDS. DEATHS ' , vol. 118, p.424, # 2201
LOUISE HYMAN, dau of JOSEPH and ELIZABTH NORDAN , bom London 23 Feb 1831,
d. Milwaukee 20 April 1894 of valvulär disease of the heart. at 440 5th Avenue,
8 th ward, Milwaukee. widow. husband's na me not liste d. (63-1-27)
MILWAUKEE SENTINEL. Aug. 11, 1876, p.8, col. 1 (Monday):
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hyman celebrated their silver wedding last Saturday night ( Aug. 9)
at 241 Hanover Street. Vetter's Band andChinese lanterns, in the Company of their
children. Mr. Lewis Silber, their son-in-law, spoke. The Rabbi of Temple Emanu-El
the Reverend Dr. Spitz, reunited the couple . The proud parents will retain many pleas-
ant memories of the occasion.
HENRY HYMAN
110
I
•
e
Alexander Billstein's partner in the cJry-goods störe in Nennah established
himself In Milwaukee by 1865, and married Louisa Norden, a native of London '
England, who had come to Milwaukee inOÄS^f' ' Their daughter Carry married Louis
(Lewis) Silber, a prominent businessman in Milwaukee who had previously had a
Store in Waupun. Their daughter Effi M„ Silber married Nathan Glicksman, who
was born m Chlppewa Falls of parents who immigrated from Poland. The connection
with Wisconsin continued in the next generation, because Edith Carolyn Glicksman
Nathan' s daughter, was to marry Walter Ralph Neisser of Milwaukee and later in '
Chicago, co-author with his wife in a number of books and guides for parents about
children. Walter R. Neisser in tum was a descendant of Bernhard Neisser of Katscher
Upper Silesia, who, at the age of 52, had come to Wisconsin and settled in Watertown
where he had a prosperous dry-goods störe until he retired to Milwaukee. The author
of this study is a descendant of Bernhard Neisser' s brother Salomon. *
Henry Hyman is listed among the founders of Temple Emanu-El in Milwaukee
on August 5, 1869 (History of Milwaukee; Chicago, Western Historical Society, 1881
p. 946). When he was first listed in the Milwaukee city directory (1865) he was a
partner with William Katzenstein in HYMAN & CO. , hats, caps, fürs, wholesale and
retail, 300 East Water. In 1869/70 he had a dry^oods and clothing störe, and was
last listed in 1877/78 as HYMAN & SON, with Joseph C. Hyman, his son, as merchant
ta ylors .
* Bemard and Salomon Neisser were members of a large family which resided in
Katscher, South of Breslau in the Prussian province of Silesia. In one of the
many notices published in the German language newspaper of Watertown, the
Watertown Weltbürger, there is mention of the fact that Bernhard Neisser had
come to this country (long) after he had completed his military Service in the
Prussian army: a notable exception to the rule, since many immigrants, Jews
and Gentiles alike, emigrated in order to avoid what was then a very restrictive
and uncomfortable regimen in a very rigid and certainly undemocratic military
establishment.
'O
/
9/86
©^
U.S.
Line
32
33
34
35
36
CENSUS 1870 WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE COUNTY
5th ward Pc44(570) 16 June 1870 Dwelling 307
HYMAN
HENRY
HYMAN, Henry, 43, retail dry-goods and tailer. born Polando # 3000 pers.prop
, Louisa, 39, born England
^ Caroline (?) 17, born inWis„
^ Joseph, 16, norn Wisconsin, clerk in störe (of father)
^ Morris, 9 born Wisconsin
€
c-
July 1986
HYMAN -1-
r
CARRIE
HENRY
JOSEPH
Milwaukee City Directory 1869/70, p. 169:
HEYMAN, Miss Carrie res 263 Hanover
, Henry, dry goods +clothing, 155 Reed, home 263 Uanoverl^Q^jd^g^
, Joseph, Clerk," boards 263 Hanover. J
HENRY
Greenwood cemetery records, vol. 1, p. 34, burial #832
HENRY HYMAN ; plot of Hyman & Silber, 1-8-7
born Poland, died 81 years, 1 day on 20 June 1908 Milwaukee.
(bom 19 June 1827)
Milwaukee City Directory 1867-68, publ. 1867, p.211
Hyman, Henry (HYMAN & KATZENSTEIN) 209 Michigan
H&K (with William Katzenstein) hats, caps, and fürs, vh olesale,
300 Ea st Water.
Milwaukee Sentinel notes:
©
Aug. 14, 1876 8/1
July 17, 1876 8/1
ctelebrates Sil ver Wedding (married London(?) l|
in 1851.
HENRY HYMAN & SON störe burglarized (also July
18,1876 8/3
COUNTY RECORDS: DEATHS, vol. 273, p.328 iiHKiai # 2874
HENRY HYMAN, at 357 Kane Place, bom 29 May 1827 in Konin, Poland,
died 81 years 2J_days, on 20 June 1908 in Milwaukee, residence 485 Terrace
Avenue, Reported by Mrs. M(orris) Glicksman. retired merchant.
Parents' names not given. died of Angina pectoris.
Milwaukee City Directory 1854/55, p.l40 HENRY HYMAN, clerk at S.Adler,
home 4th near Spring
Polk's Wisconsin State Gazetteer, v,7, 1891-92, p.646:
Milwaukee: Hyman, Henry, knitting works, 329 4th Street
U.S. CENSÜS
JOSEPH C.
1880 WISCONSIN: no Henry Hyman in Wisconsin. .. (one HH b.l849 in
Bavaria)
Polk's Wisconsin State Gazetteer, v. 23, 1903-04, p. 762
JOSEPH C. HYMAN, clothing manufacturer, 341 E. Water
J. CARYL, Insurance, 20 News Ins.Bldg. (same man?)
LOUISE
Ol
Greenwood Cemetery records, vol. 1, p.20, burial # 488
bom 23 February 1831 London, died 20 Apr 1964- Milwaukee, 440 5th Ave.
(plot Hyman & Silber) 1-8-7 ^^l'i
t
COUNTY RECORDS : DEATHS, vol. 118, p.425, # 2201
LOUISE HYMAN, died 63 yrs,l mo, 27 days, on 20 April 1894 Milwaukee,
440 5th Avenue, (Bth ward). Born 23 Feb 1831 London.
daughter of JOSEPH and ELIZABETH NORDAN (not "Norden")
HYMAN, HENRY
married in August 1851
where ?
no record in Milwaukee
(X . r^V-cwc^ ^^^<^
l
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o
July 1986
KATZENSTEIN
WILLIAM
Mllwaukee SenÜnel Feb.13, 1887 3/4, 3/5 and Feb.l4, 1887 3/2
His daughter Caroline died in Mllwaukee and was buried in the HOPKINS STREET
cemetery (records, p.l3, burial # 86. Father listed as Alheim Katzenstein of
Freisa, Kurhessen. (daughter diedl864)
WILUAM KATZENSTEIN was partner of Henry Hyman:
Mllwaukee City Directory 1867-68, p. 211:
HYMAN & KATZENSTEIN, hats, caps, and fürs wholesale, 300 E. Water.
W.K, notes in Mllwaukee Sentinel:
Dec.l4, 1869 1/2
Jan. 11, 1871 4/1
June 22, 1874 3/1
Dec.25, 1878 8/2
April 18 , 18 79 2/4
elected officer Free Masons
elected officer in the B'Nal B'Rith
delivers address at the dedication of the Bnai Brith
Hall
elected officer Free Sons of Israel, Cream City Lodge
SILVER WEDDING (was married in 1854)
Greenwood cemetery records, vol. 1, p.l2 burial # 294 (1-17-3/4)
WILLIAM KATZENSTEIN, born in Germany, died, 59 years old, 12 Feb.1877 Mllwaukee.
of endocarditis, at 606 Jackson. married (wife: Fannie).
O
H YMAN
O
o
MILWAUKEE DIRECTORY:
1863, p. 118 HYMAN, JOSEPH, jeweler, 44 Spring (possibly a brother of Henry H)
1865, p. 213 and 1866/67, p. 164:
HYMAN, HENRY, res. 209 Mlchigä'.n Ave
HYMAN & CO . , (Henry Hyman and William Katzenstein)
hats, Caps, fürs, wholesale and retall, 300 East Water
1867, P.211
HYMAN, HENRY, in Hyman & Katzenstein, hats, caps, fürs, v\holesale 300 East Water
res. 209 Michigan
1869/70, p,169
HYMAN, Miss CARRIE, res. 263 Hanover
HENRY, dry goods and clothing, 155 Reed, res. 263 Hanover
JOSEPH, Clerk, boards 263 Hanover (son of Henry H)
1872/73, p.150
HYMAN, HENRY, merchant tallor, 155 Reed, res. 240 Greenbush
1877/78 (publ.1877) p.253
HYMAN, HENRY, (HH & Son) res. 241 Hanover
, HYMAN & SON , merchant tailors, 166 Reed
, JOSEPH C. 241 Hanover
O
o
o
HYMAN
HENRY
o
NEW YORK TIMES, 1 June 1921, p.5, col. 3
HENRY HYMAN, Grand Secretary of the INDEPENDENT ORDER OF THE FREE
SONS OF ISRAEL, spoke at the Order's Convention (?) in Atlantic City on May 31.
About the fact that the war work of the Jew is the best response to the attacks(on
Jews) by Henry Ford.
H.H. is the author of the War Work Supplement of the Order,
U4^J^
n^-
HYMAN
HENRY
o
History of Milwaukee; Chi cago , Western Histoiical Society,
p.946: HENRY HYMAN listed among the founders of TEMPLE EMANU-EL
August 5, 1869. "A reformed Church"
1881
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YAD-VASHEM
Martyrt' and Heroet*
MttnoriAl Authority
DAF-KD
For the r<«lfttratlon of the
victlm« of the dlsteter.
mi3jii nMimi |n3fn-niuii
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Surname
Photo
ISINTHAL
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BETTY nM UIBUNSKI
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David lMh\i\
UMA-^lBi
Name of Mother
CHcllf (S#gmll) Lubllnski (1847-1916)
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J-^Ujn :?l^N T""» 132 'DT3 O^pin.l 190)
(2&.8.1955)
The Murfyrs* and Heroes' Remem-
nc« (Yod Vaihem) Law, 5713
..53
dotormlnea In Art. No. 2 that
Th« tark of Yad Va-Shcm Is to
grathrr In to thf homrlnn»! matorlHl
regrardingr all tho.so monibers of
the Jfiwifih pcoi>l« who lald dow!\
their Uvea, wlio fought and n»-
bellfd ai^ainst the Nazi encmy
and his collaborntoia, and to pcr-
petiiate thelr menjory and that of
tlio comnuinltlo8, or^anizationfl ancl
In.stitulir.n8 which wore dostroycdj
bo(ause tlioy were Jewi.-^h.
Date of birth
14 Sept 1877
nr^^n inKn .5
Place and country of birth
Schwt«, wt VnxBmim, then Oarmany
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Pennanent resldenc©
Berlin
jiapn o>-)iiÄn oipö .7
Occupatlon
non«
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Nationality before German occupatlon
'xwn ^aan ^jd^ nu-^n^n ,9
Places of resldence durlng the war n»rT*?öa DnUÖH niöl?» ,10
BTlin-Buch,lfttar BTlin N4, AugugtMtr, 14>1I|
Place, date and circumstance« of death nn^D^HI TÖTH ,r)^M DIpÖ .11
d#p. to T«r#sln 28 Mmy 1943, died tli#r#...
Family atatus: Bachelor/Marrled/Number of chlldrfn D"1>»n "1D0O / 'IW / p)") '/intW 32.^ ,12
^^*^^* (IT8 TD 296 213)
Name of wlfc and matden namo/Affe
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Name of Huaband/Age
Hugo l8#nthal
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Place and dato of death
'?"»:in
Age
IDOi^ 18 ^"»a 737 DH^^n niött^ .14
Naniea of doceased chlMrf n up to the age of 18
(over the age of 18 fill cut «nothcr form)
Nolr»: Chlldren niufit be leglistered on the form .... l i . .
of ono of the pMronta only. '^"^ W^^ "^^'»^ «' 1« Q'^'^^nH IHK 7V *"7yiT«17//a ü)Üli Vr D^^M DK : H^VH
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ncfidont at (ftiii ftddrr«.s) 1436 East Park.Place^ Anj^.Arfeor, MlßWgan 48X04.^. USA (HK^ö naina)a n^n
Betty Israthal, 2xid cousln of my mother»
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Slunature of Offire Clerk
Place and dnte.Ann Arbor, Mich.6-3i-7ft inKni D1?Ö
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ALLIED HIGH COMMISSION FOR GERMANY
INTERNATIONAL TRACING SERVICE
^XCERPT FROM DOCUMENTS
about the stay In former concen-
tration- or labor-camps
EXTRAIT DE DOCUMENTS
surles6jourdanslesanclenscamps
de concentration ou de travall
DOKUMENTEN - AUSZUG
über Aufenthalt In ehemaligen
Konzentrations- und Arbeltslagern
Our Ref.: t/d 296 213
Notre Ref.: ' ^ ^'-^
Unser Akt.-Z.:
Your Ref.:
Votre R6f.:
Ihr Akt.-Z.:
Name:
Nom:
Name:
iSEsTilAL nee LÜBLINSKI
Date of birth:
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Geb.-Datum:
ast residencc:
Jernidre oddressc:
Letzte Adresse:
1^.9-1677
Berlin N*4, AUt^ustactr. I4-16
First names:
Prenoms:
Vornamen:
Place of birth:
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Geburtsort:
Bcrtha
Schv'ctz
Name & residence of next of kin:
Noms & domiclle des proches porents:
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Arrested on: ^ ^
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Eingewlesen In KZ.:
on: .. «. —
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/
in:
ä:
In:
Coming from:
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durch (von):
Transfers:
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by:
par: *• •
durch:
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Häftlings-Kategorie:
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Staatsangehörigkeit:
Jc^csa
on 2Q •5.1943 with 90. Altertransport - 55/34375 - Heim
to imknown destinatlon.
Last information in CC. records:
Dernidre Information dons lo documentation
Letzte Eintragung In KZ.-Unterlogen:
ITo further Information
t
Released:
Relach6:
Entlassen:
Documents consulted:
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Geprüfte Unterlagen:
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Gestorben:
Photocopy of the "Dopcrtationskartei" establiehcd by AJDC Berlin.
Remarks:
Observatlons:
Bemerkungen:
(
about tho stay In former concen-
tratlon- or labor-camps
surles6jourdanslesanclonscamps
de concentration ou de travall
über Aufenthalt In ehemaligen
Konzontrotlons- und Arbeltslagern
Our Ref.:
Notre Ref.:
Unser Akt.-Z.:
t/d 296 213
Ncsmo:
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ISENTHAL ne« LÜBLINSKI
Dato of birth:
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Geb.-Datum:
ast rosidence:
Jerni^re addresse:
Letzte Adresse:
14.9.1077
Berlin TU. 4^ Au^justactr, I4-16
Namo & residcnce of next of kin:
Noms & domicile des proches parents:
Name und Wohnort der Angehörigen:
Arrested on: «. ^ ^
Arr§t6 le: - - -
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Eingewiesen In KZ.:
on: • — ••
le:
in:
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Transfers:
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Your Ref.:
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First namcs:
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3er tha
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by:
par: — •
durch:
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No. de prisonnler:
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Marking:
Cat6gorie de pris.:
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Nationolity:
Natlonallt6:
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Schv/ctz
Jcvcss
on 20 .5. 1943 with 90. Altertransport - 55/34375 - Heim
to unknown destinatlon«
Last Information in CC. records:
Dernlöre Information dans la documentation:
Letzte Eintragung in KZ.-Unterlagen:
Ko further Information
Released:
Relach6:
Entlassen:
Liberated:
Llb6re:
Befreit:
Died:
D6c6de:
Gestorben:
Documents consulted:
Documents consultes:
Geprüfte Unterlagen:
Photocopy of the '^Doportationakartel" establishcd hy AJDC Berlin*
Remarks:
Observatlons:
Bemerkungen:
CH.
Checked by:
Travalll6 par:
Bearbeitet durch:
Heinke
AROLSEN/(on/le), den
iSM/inps,
y
nispatched on: hj.^ j^j^^ Henry RICHTER
i . vedie le'. 103f Kenedy Street N.W. Apt* 9
. ä: WASHINGTON 11t D.C.
Abgesandt am: '
an:
Roviewed by:
Control6 par: Lueders
Überprüft durch:
fi
II u.
A.OPITZ
Aotirtis Manager
International Tracing Service
35. ISR AEL
RPS4V
f^^A.
YAD-VASHEM
r.<».U. 81 JeruMilfjn, Iiiniel
Martyrt' and Heroe»*
M«snoriAl Authority
OAP-KD
For the r«tl«trAtlon of th«
victinu of the dUa«ter.
mi3jii nmmi tnarn-ntini
nMiojn •i'jn aioini
EESEä
h
1 I
! !
Kegist r. No
..Divnn .0»
Surname
Photo
ISRAEL
nncvön dv a
Firat name
ARTHUR
^oiDn Dvn ^
Namo of Fat her
JIQ
nKHDIT .3
Name of Mother
not kaown
QKH DV «4
1953 r^tt^n DB^T T^
»DrBj nK noöi i^d:«^ #^Ti.Tn oyn
»T»-)nj;2i ^xwn a'»'iKa itiöi lan^i
j-'tun Vi^K !""• 132 'DT) o'-pinn lao)
(2A.fi. 1953)
TheMcrtyri* and Heroes' Rcmem-
/ \nc« (Yod Vaihem) Law, 5713-
determlnea !n Art. No. 2 that
The tark of Yad Va-Bhcm li to
grathfr In to the homrlnn«1 matrriHl
reg:ar(!*ng all tlio.s« moiubcrs of
the Jewiph pcopl« who hild dowi\
their livcs, who fought and re-
bellfd ai?olnst the Nazi enemy
and l)l3 collaborntora, and to pcr-
petuate thelr menjory and that of
tlto communftloa. organizallonfl and
lu.stltutkma wlüch were dr.««troyod
because they wer« Jewi.-^h.
Dato of blrth
19 February 1B03
"T-^
iTT-^Vn inici .5
Place and country of blrth
HTSt nKI DIpÖ ,6
Permanent re.«jldence
Mrlin
jiapn D^nuön oipö .7
Occupatlon
not known
snxpdn ^
Nationallty before CJerman occupatlon
OUQBMt
^xwn «naDn ^«V nirnw .9
Places of resldence durlng the war
Berlin N 43, GMrgenklrchstr. 53
TOrr^öa onuön nwipö ao
Place, datc and clrcumstances of death ni3'0Jni lÖTH »niÖH DIpÖ .11
AuBchwits (deported 3 March 1943) (IT8 TD 88 123/214
F«mlly «tattia.- nnch(ilor/Maniei.1/Numb«r of chlldrtn B'iSt 1008 / '1OT / pil '■nnOVO SXS .12
niArrlMl, 0110 son
83H># (Hlrschf»ld) lT>el (1900-1943? >
Name of Husband/Age
i^'»a / ^ynn ou^
Place and dato of death
b^^Ti
Age
iDoac? 18 '?'»a 73; Dn'?^^ t\m^v ,14
(ini'Ti -iy"«i% o^arn :\^ V'i> Vp»)
Names of docea.sed chlldrm up to the age of 18
(over the age of 18 flll cut nnothcr form)
Nülf»: Chlldren niust bo roglistered on the form _^^^ ^..^^ ^^^ i_ . » 1 »
of ono of tho „nrr^ntH only. '^"^ ^0^ ^^^^ ^^ 1« D''^^'in TnK \V ^Tyn'ni/.a Dll^l'? W^ DH^M TX : HIVH
T. tho underHgned Jp]^n Henry.. Blcht^.r. UK
ncFidont nt (ft.n nddrr-s) .1436 East Park Place^ An;i..Arbor.,„ MlPWgan 481 04.^. USA (HK^^a MinS) 3 1>n
iutivo/A4,«i*«ka-ttfiii of £X8e IsrMl« 2nd coualn of min«, - - Vtt^ n/iDö n/anp
tohy d'vlair that Ihr drivlls <,f my toj^llniony niv tnie ^nTl'^^DKl H^IDJ KM ,Tü1D ^J? IKD '♦DIODU; niiyH "»D HD n/THXÖ
and r.orrri t
iSijrnnt'iM
\n'M of mv Knowledge and bolief.
^j^>2jj>^ n?a''ri^ Piace and date.Ann Arbor, Mich. 8-21-79.. I^Kni Di?ö
TpiDn n?a^nn
of Office Clerk
YAD-VASHEM
r.O.ll. 81 JeruMtlfin, Iiiniel
M»rtyrt' an<l Heroct'
MeBnoriAl Authority
DAP-KD
For the r««letraUon of th«
victim« of the dUteter.
mi3jii nMiBj') inarnnittti
nmiun «iin oioni
ESSEä
h
! I
1 I
KeRlstr. No OlVnn .00
Surnanie
Photo
1953 r^VTS Dtt^l T»
a 'OD Tjoa yav
bK «iionV Hin *'Dri t" ^r irpon
'iao «n>K bo ^«^ onai j^k rnbi^n
lOro) nx noöi i^dib^ 0^^^:r*r\ Dyn
onnyai 'XMin a'^ina niöi lon^j
•iH^ ,mVnpb ronb iDn ov a^xnbi
•>^n«>n b^aa lainjttr r^noiöbt D-^ri
J-'Ujn Vl^N T- 132 'DT3 CRinn 190)
(26.8.1953)
TheMcHyri* and Heroes' Rcmem-
vnc« (Yod Voihem) Law, 5713-
r/53
detcrmlne» In Art. No. 2 that
The tark of Yad Va-Bhem is to
grathfr in to th<» liomrlnn»! mAtrrlal
rpgartünK all tho.so monibers of
the Jewlsh pcopl« who Inld dowii
their Üvoa, wlio foupht and ro-
bellfd aitfolnst the Nazi enomy
and hls collaborators, and to pcr-
petuate thelr meniory and that of
tlto communitlofl, ori^anizalionfl and
In.stitutlon.q whlch wero dc.«<troyod
bciauae thoy wero Jowi.-^h.
ISRAEL
nncor^n ov a
Flrat name
nSK lie# HIRSCHFBLD
^ÖIDH DVn .2
Name of Fat her
AtfQlf lfirich<»ld (1871-1952)
SKHDV ,3
Name of Mother
Hedwig (Ros»nb#rg) Hlrschf^ld (1873-lMS)
DKH DV 4
Dato of blrth
24 JUM 1900
iTt^St inKn .5
Place and country of birth
ni^Si nm DpÖ .6
(
Piitr. BChWtg. Wat Pru««lM, th>n ftoinnany
Pennanent resldence
08Cli# -1920? Berlin - 1943
jiapn oniiön Dipö .7
Occujmtlon
not known
3nxps)n ^
Natlonality^-before German occupatlon
U9num
•»XKjn naan *»^ nu^njn ,9
Places of resldence durlng the war
Berlin MO 43, Grorgenkirciistr. 53
nön^öa onuön niöipö .10
Place, dato and clrcumstance« of death nn>0)m lÖlH .niÖH DIpÖ ,11
Auschwlts. d«port«d 4 March 1943. . . (ITS TD 88 123 214'
Family atatns: Bachelor/Murrled/Number of chlldrtn Vi'iP%\ ^DOO / 'in / pr\ 'flnCVÖ ÜX«^ ,12
aTrl#d. on» »on
Name of wifc and malden nanuVAfe
nV^a / rRwn ^«b nnnovö Dun numn our ,13
Name of Hiisband/Age
Arthur Israel (1903-1943)
i^'^a / ^yan dv
Place and dato of death
Ausohwlts after 4 March
1943
'?'»:in
Age
7 yra
(inTTi "ly-«!!, cTstt^n nr V'j^ Vy»)
Names of deceased chlMrf n up to the age of 18
(over the age of 18 flll cut anothcr form)
Attfim I»rjMil 1!<?J
(O«orgatiklrcluitr. 63)
(ITS TD 319
Noio: Chlldren must be reifl«tercd on tlie form ^^ ^. ^ t_ i • ,
of ono of the pnront.^ oniy. '^"^ 0?^^ ^^^' «^ 1« D'^^^nH TnK b^ "^^n'^"^»^ ü\^^i v^ Dn^^^ DK : niVH
(
T. tho underHffnod„ Jp.^n .Henry..Blcht?.r. . »JK
i?c.«idont at (fMii oddro-s) 1436 East Park Place^ Ann .Arfeor.,„ Michigan 481 04.^. USA (HK^ö nainD) a 1>n
'»'•laiiveTÄcTinimTTinfre of Itlmm lara^l, 2nd couain of mlna» ^u^ n/iaö n/^np
.■»niam ^nv'r aü'»ö ^d^
)
^.t'Mohy de^hnr that tho drtriil;^ nf iny teflllnu)ny nro tnie
and rornn
Si^rnnt'.tr«'
b<'Mi nf mv ki)*>wle*kre and brllef.
^^\rJ^ n}:i^T\n puce and daie.A^A Arbor, Mich. ,8-21-70 ^nKn1 Dipö
t^lKT/turo of Offire Clerk
ipiDHiitt^nn
o
ALLIED HIGH COMMISSION FOR GERMANY
HAUTE COMMISSION ALLI^E EN ALLEMAGNE
INTERNATIONAL TRACING
SERVICE
APO 171 U.S. ARMY
or: (16) AROLSEN (Waldeck), Gormany
Telephone: Arolsen 434. Ext. No. 4
Cables, telegrams: ITS Arolsen
SERVICE INTERNATIONAL
DE RECHERCHES
APO 171 U. S. ARMY
ou: (16) AROLSEN (Waldeck), Allemagn«
^770
C
Mr. John Henry lilCHTiiß
103 ICe/medy 3t., i;.V/.Apt.22
Washington 11, D.O.
U.3.A.
^' D£CTO
OUR CASiÄ IT03.
TD ~ 88 123/214
315 549
YOUH BEPEPSIIGE
SUBJiCT
YOU'a LETTSß DAT^D
Augxiat 1, 1953
: Iiiiili'bÜL i'irthur, bom in 1895 in Berlin;
läl'^ijj hlae nee imiäCHFUJ), born on June 24, I9GO in Gsches
ISi-uAilL Stefan, born on Llay 3I , I936 in Borlin.
O
c
o
\
Please be advised that tlie follovdng iiixomiation rogarding the
aoGvö mentioned persons, is contained in our docmentationj
loiUiüL Arthur, born on i'ebruary 19,1903 in Tiegenliof ,:ieligion:
Jewish, last known resldance; Borlin UO 43, aeorgenl.irchstr,53 ,
was evacuated by the Ge_tapo Berlin with tlie " 33.0sttransport''
to the iiJast on lüarch 3, I943.
n
13-2(H
1)1S si^
I3^üiiiL iiilse, nee IiirijJlii^ii^LD, born on June 24, I9ÜO in Osche,
lielißion; Jev/ish, last Imown location: Berlin 1^0 18, aeorgen-
kirohstroJ, was evacuated by the Gestapo Berlin witli the
"34.0sttransport" to the Jast on LIarch 4, 1943.
ISPulEL Stüfaai, born on Kay 3I, I936 in Borlin, :ieli£;ion:
Jjwish, last imov.n looation: Borlin ITO 18, G^eor£i;enkirch3tr*53
v/as evacuated by the Gojtapo Berlin v/ith the '» M.Csttrans - '
port" to the East on Ivlarch 4, I943.
^'^^ re^ret to state that no trace is available in our docuiiienta-
tion as to their later fate.
,, ^ ^^^ ^^y ^^ interested to loiow that a previous encuiry dated
l^rch 6, 1947 rospecting Else and /irthur IS^.AEL, was recoived from
Kr* Siegfried ISÄAEL,
whose address at that time was 1
BiUilÜill v^UILLA , C 0 lumb i^
Paseo Bolivar, Cigarreria,
Columbia.
\
\
KK> XSf^L,WiLFi^i^
j^Z(^S
<^. B
\
Oho. ■\
lv/A-tA.^1, '
Rwiet v^., ,,^ -.
elmut Eschweee
-»?.*-
SelDstbehauptung
una^iderstand
f^£*S ■ ■ ■
Deutsche Juden im Kampf
um Existenz und Menschenwürde
1^33-1945
vv««..u..
■V'^.-iäJ»*- ■*
•• «r» imt
13
•.■■*'**4 ■;.•'.. i — • »
* » « v v «
: JtJ<' •- /
ii CPiRISTIANS
-^
!t
C
5^
192 Zur Typologie nonkonformen Verhaltens: Die Verweigerung
nachweisen läßt.'^^ Hier können nur einige Beispiele für Rettungsaktionen
deutsch-jüdischer FlüchtHnge vorgestellt werden. Aus dem hessischen Ort
Sterbfritz stammte Max Dessauer,'77 Jer die jüdisch-kommunistische
Hilfsorganisation »Solidarite« mitgegründet hatte und unter dem Deckna-
men »Mortfric« (»Sterbfritz«) untergetaucht war. Als die Deportationen
einsetzten, brachte er eine Gruppe jüdischer Kinder in die Schweiz und
errichtete mit Hilfe des Sekretärs des Bischofs von Lyon ein Auffanglager
für untergetauchte Juden. Zusammen mit dem Abbe Glasberg, der sich in
ganz entscheidendem Maß für die Rettung der Juden eingesetzt hatte,'^*
baute Hanna Schramm im Department Gers ein Heim für 1 30 Jugendliche,
darunter 120 Juden, auf, die später den Weg zu den Partisanen fanden.
Rosette Schatz, eine Mitarbeiterin der »Union«, brachte jüdische Kinder
von Paris in ein sicheres Gebiet auf dem Land.'^' Bei der Suche nach Quar-
tieren und bei der Betreuung von Kindern half die 1 6jährige Henriette
Dreifuß, die 1933 "^^^ ihren Eltern aus Mannheim nach Frankreich gekom-
men war.'^°
In den französischen Alpen, in Moissac, kündet ein Denkmal von der
Ermordung von sechs Widerstandskämpfern. Das jüngste Opfer war die
17jährige Marianne Cohen, die in Breslau geboren und 1935 mit ihren El-
tern nach Mittelfrankreich verschlagen worden war. In der jüdischen Par-
tisanengruppe des Emmanuel Racine fand sie Aufnahme und ihren Auf-
trag, jüdische Waisenkinder in die Schweiz zu schmuggeln. Am 31. Mai
1944 wurde ein Transport 200 Meter vor der Grenze aufgehalten. Zusam-
men mit 27 Kindern, die im Alter von vier bis 1 5 Jahren waren, hielt man
Marianne Cohen im Gefängnis von Annemasse fest. Lange Verhöre folg-
ten. Bemühungen, sie zu befreien, schlugen fehl; Marianne Cohen weigerte
sich, die Kinder zu verlassen. Ihre Hinrichtung fand in der Nacht vom 3.
zum 4. Juli 1944 statt. Dem Bürgermeister von Annemasse gelang es
schließlich doch, die Kinder aus dem Gefängnis zu befreien und in Sicher-
heit zu bringen.'*'
Von der Existenz einer deutsch-jüdischen Tälschergruppe in Frankreich
erhielt die Gestapo im Frühjahr 1943 Kenntnis. Vier Juden - drei Männer
und eine Frau - waren mit einem Auto bei Narbonne in eine Straßenkon-
trolle geraten und noch an Ort und Stelle enttarnt worden. »Zwei Juden«,
so hieß es in der Meldung »wichtiger staatspolitischer Ereignisse« vom 21.
Mai 1943, »trugen die Uniform eines Majors und I laupimanns der Luft-
waffe. Der dritte, der sich in Zivil befand, trug Hoheits- und Parteiabzei-
chen der NSDAP. Die Jüdin wurde als Sekretärin ausgegeben«. Im Besitz
der Festgenommenen fand man folgende Gegenstände: »34 Behörden- und
sonstige Stempel, selbst entworfene und gedruckte Ausweispapiere, Di-
plomatenausweise, Marschbefehle, Inspektionsbücher, polizeiliche Mel-
1^
Deutsche und jüdische Fluchthilfe 1 93
dezettel, Kraftfahrausweise und eine Antrittsorder für die Deutsche Bot-
schaft in Spanien in deutscher und in spanischer Sprache«.
Über die Herkunft der Gruppe und der Gegenstände brachten die Nach-
forschungen folgendes zutage: »Nach den bisherigen Ermittlungen handelt
es sich um deutsche Emigranten, die die Stempel und Vordrucke bei ver-
schiedenen Firmen in Brüssel und Lyon in Auftrag gegeben hatten. Die
Uniformstoffe und Militäreffekten wurden zum Teil privat, zum Teil bei
der Verkaufsabteilung der Luftwaffe in Paris, im deutschen Uniformhaus
in Brüssel und im Uniformspezialhaus in Antwerpen erworben. Den Juden
war es gelungen, in Amsterdam, Brüssel und Lyon mit den gefälschten
Ausweisen Wehrmachtsquartiere und Lebensmittelkarten zu beziehen.«'**
Weitere Nachforschungen wurden angestellt; die Ergebnisse lassen sich in
der archivaUschen Überlieferung nicht finden. Ebenso unbekannt sind die
Namen dieser jüdischen Fluchthelfer, deren Schicksal man unschwer erra-
ten kann. Die gesicherten Details belegen, daß die Gruppe als Teil eines
verzweigten Netzes operiert hat. Die geographischen Hinweise deuten zu-
dem daraufhin, daß sie die bekannte jüdische Fluchtroute in Westeuropa -
den Weg von Holland über Belgien und Frankreich nach Spanien und Por-
tugal - durch ihr Fälschungswerk mit ermöglicht und abgesichert hat.
Außerhalb des Herrschaftsbereiches des nationalsozialistischen Staates
gab es zahlreiche jüdische Initiativen und Aktionen, um die europäischen
Juden vor den Deportationen, aus den Ghettos und den Konzentrationsla-
gern zu retten. Die geographischen Zentren lagen in den Vereinigten Staa-
ten, in England und Palästina, in der Schweiz und in Schweden, in Spanien
und Portugal. Es waren die großen Organisationen wie Jewish Agency,
World Je wish Congress, American Joint Distribution Committee und klei-
nere Institutionen und Gruppen, die eine lebhafte Aktivität entfalteten.
Auch ihre Bemühungen setzten die Zusammenarbeit mit nichtjüdischen
Institutionen voraus, insbesonders die Unterstützung durch ausländische
Regierungen, Behörden und diplomatische Vertretungen. Obgleich die
Geschichte dieses komplexen, wenig erfolgreichen und bislang kaum er-
forschten »Zusammenspieles« nicht mehr zum Thema dieser Arbeit ge-
hört, soll ein Beispiel miteinbezogen werden. Es handelt sich um
Aktionen, die in Portugal, also am Ende des westeuropäischen Fluchtwe-
ges, unternommen wurden und die sich mit zwei Namen verbinden, die
ihren Platz in der deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte gefunden haben.
Als sich in den Wintermonaten 1942/43 die Nachrichten über die De-
portationen, Massentötungen und Fluchtbewegungen verdichteten, ent-
schloß sich die Jewish Agency in London, einen Emissär nach Lissabon zu
entsenden. '*' Die Wahl fiel auf Wilfried Israel, der 1899 in England gebo-
ren, in Deutschland aufgewachsen und 1939 in sein Geburtsland zurückge-
!
J0>"
»MI
r
•■
«Kl
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M
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t
fl
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u <
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N
194 2ur Typologie nonkonformen Verhaltens: Die Verweigerung
kehrt war.'^^ Der Großvater war ein englischer Rabbiner, der Vater der
Besitzer eines bekannten Berliner Kaufhauses. '^^ Wilfried Israel prakti-
zierte seine Verbundenheit zum deutschen Judentum; er gehörte zum en-
gen Freundeskreis Leo Baecks. Er fühlte sich ebenso einer Gruppe deut-
scher Zionisten verbunden und half beim Aufbau ihres Kibbuz in Hasorea.
Solidarität bewies er, als er Hilfsgelder und Papiere besorgte, um mittello-
sen deutschen Juden die Auswanderung zu ermöglichen. Ende März 1943
traf Wilfried Israel in Lissabon ein. Es gelang ihm, einen Kindertransport
zusammenzustellen und nach Amerika zu leiten. Nachdem Einwande-
rungszertifikate für Palästina eingetroffen und die Vorbereitungen für den
ersten Transport angelaufen waren, wurden die Operationen unterbro-
chen. Auf dem Weg nach London kam Wilfried Israel bei einem Flugzeug-
absturz über der Biscaya am I.Juni 194) ums Leben. '^^ Erst EndeOktobcr
1943 traf sein Nachfolger ein: Percz Leshem, unter dem Namen Fritz Lich-
tenstein 1903 in Chemnitz geboren und seit 1932 Europadelegierter der
zionistischen Gewerkschaftsbewegung Histadrut und der Jcwish
Agency.'*7 Er erreichte, daß Ende Januar 1944 das erste Schiff nach Palä-
stina auslaufen konnte. Unter den 750 jüdischen Flüchtlingen befanden
sich 219 deutsche Juden und 334 Juden polnischer Herkunft, die in
Deutschland und Österreich gelebt hatten. Weitere Transporte folgten. Mit
ihnen gelangten etwa 2000 Juden nach »Erez Israel«.
Der Selbstmord
Die Flucht vor der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung - sei es ins Ausland,
sei es in den Untergrund - brachte eine radikale Veränderung der Lebens-
umstände, der räumlichen und menschlichen Umgebung, der sozialen
Kontakte mit sich, war mit dem Verzicht auf primitivste Lebensbedürfnisse
verbunden. Zu ertragen waren diese seelischen und körperlichen Belastun-
gen, weil die Untergetauchten auf ein Leben nach der Verfolgung hofften,
von der sie sicher waren, daß sie eines Tages enden würde. Viele Juden
glaubten indes, daß sie diesen Belastungen nicht gewachsen sein, daß sie das
Ende dieser Zeit des Hasses und der Verfolgung nicht erleben würden.
Manche entschieden sich in dieser für sie ausweglos scheinenden Situation
für die extremste Form der Flucht: Um sich dem physischen und psychi-
schen Terror der Nationalsozialisten, der gesellschaftlichen und der per-
sönlichen Achtung in Deutschland zu entziehen, gaben sie sich selbst den
Tod.
Für diese Einstellung und Handlungsweise finden sich historische Vor-
bilder. Sie gehen weit in die jüdische Geschichte zurück und verbinden sich
.'».
;*.'
Der Selbstmord 1 9 5
stets mit Phasen der Krise, der Verfolgung und Verzweiflung. Da gab es im
Römischen Krieg die Selbsttötung der Zeloten auf der Festung Masada im
Jahr 73. Die Besatzung stand vor der Alternative, sich den Römern zu erge-
ben, sich erschlagen oder in die Sklaverei führen zu lassen. Sie folgte der
Aufforderung ihres Anführers, sich gegenseitig zu töten. Flavius Josephus
nennt eine Zahl von 960 Männern, Frauen und Kindern. Im hohen und
späten Mittelalter waren es mehrere Tausend, die sich in England, Frank-
reich und Deutschland das Leben nahmen, um den christlichen Verfolgun-
gen und Zwangstaufen zu entgehen.'" Zu den Schreckensbildern der
Kreuzzüge und des »Schwarzen Todes« von 1348 gesellen sich die späteren
Vertreibungen aus Spanien und Portugal sowie die Pogrome während des
Chmielnickiaufstands im 17. Jahrhundert in Osteuropa. Auch diese signi-
fikanten Einschnitte lösten Selbstmorde aus. Berichte, Klagelieder und
Bußgebete wurden verfaßt; sehr schnell erhielten sie ihren Platz in der jüdi-
schen Martyrologie, aus der man Glaubenskraft schöpfen und die eigene
Weiterexistenz rechtfertigen konnte. Es mag dahingestellt bleiben, ob und
inwieweit Erinnerungen an diese historischen Ereignisse noch im Bewußt-
sein der modernen, säkularisierten deutschen Juden im 20. Jahrhundert
lebendig waren. Man wird davon ausgehen dürfen, daß sie während der
Verfolgungszeit wohl kaum einen Einfluß auf die Entscheidung zum
Selbstmord ausgeübt haben.
Dies gilt vermutlich ebenso für die religiösen Traditionen. Es muß hier
dem Urteil der Rabbiner und Religionswissenschafder überlassen bleiben,
ob und inwieweit der Selbstmord gegen das jüdische Gesetz verstößt. We-
der in der Bibel noch im Talmud wird er explizit verboten.'*' Erst posttal-
mudische Autoritäten sahen in ihm eine strafbare Handlung, ein Verbre-
chen gegen Gott. Sie legten zugleich aber auch in der Halacha - der Kodifi-
zicrung der rcligionsgesetzlichen Vorschriften - einen Ausnahmekatalog
fest, und es ist sicher kein Zufall, daß der Selbstmord dort unter der Rubrik
»Götzendienst« erschien. So wurde es Juden gestattet, sich selbst zu töten
oder sich töten zu lassen, um dem Zwang zu entgehen, einen Mord zu
begehen, einen anderen Glauben anzunehmen oder Inzest zu treiben. Mit
anderen Worten: Man zog eine klare Trennungslinie zwischen Selbstmord
und Märtyrertum, und es verstand sich von selbst, daß die eingangs ge-
nannten historischen Beispiele als eine besondere Glaubens- und Opferhal-
tung sanktioniert wurden. Man nannte sie »Kiddush ha-Shem«.
Es mag schließlich den Untersuchungen und Interpretationen von So-
ziologen und Psychologen, Psychoanalytikern und Medizinern vorbehal-
ten bleiben, ob und inwieweit die Selbsttötungen von Juden - wie auch die
anderer Personengruppen ''^- in bestimmten Krisen- und Verfolgungspha-
scn mit den gängigen Suizid- und Aggressionstheorien in Einklang zu brin-
9/87
BERLIN 106
GSU 477 289 (A 866)
(original vol. 17)
MARRIAGES 1841-1847 (film GSU 1964)
HELFFT p.28 HERRMANN SAMUEL HELFET, Banquler, 31, (address illegible)
in Berlin, son of SAMUEL GOTTSCHALK HELFFT, Berlin, deceased,
age 23, GD FRIEDERIKE SUSSMANN, Neue Friedrichstr. 38, daughter
of MEYER SUSSMANN, Banquier, deceased in Berlin.
. Permission to marry by her guardian. on 17 March 1844 at the home
of the bride, by Rabbinatsverwalter Oettinger.
LIEBERMANN p.37 LOUIS LIEBERMANN, Poststr„6, son of JOSEPH LIEBERMANN,
BischofEtr.22, age 25 OD PINE HALLER, 19, dau of JOSEPH HALLER,
deceased, on 21 Nov 1841 by permission of guardian^
MARCKWALD p.43 NAUMANN BENJAMIN MARCKWALD, son of BENJAMIN JOACHIM
MARCKWALD of Maerki seh -Friedland died.
NEUMANN
p.48 NACHMANN HIRSCH NEU MANN, Kfm, 29, son of HIRSCH NAC HMANI
NEUMANN, Kfm in Pyritz, deceased, CD BUNE ISRAEL. 22. daughter of
NATHAN ISRAEL, merchant, Spandauerstr. 28, with permission from her
father, on 8 Dec 1844.
II
ROHMANN
p.53 SAMUEL ROHMANN , 22, son of MARCUS R. fete of Maerk-Frdld,
Hohe Str. 177, OD AUGUSTE FRIEDLANDER, 22 , daughter of DANIEL Fr.
Buchdruckereibesitzer, Neue Friedrichstr. 57, w/perm of father,
Dn 19 Jan 1843.
REICHENHEIM p.52 LEONOR REICHENHEIM, Kfm, 27, son of NATHAN R., with per-
mission from father, resides at Königstr.54 CD HELENE ARENDT, 20,
dau of JACOB ARENDT, Kfm, Berlin, deceased, with permission from guard-
ian 6 June 1841.
RICHTER
p.55 JOSEPH RICHTER, Posamentier, 24 years cid, son of MARCUS
RICHTER, Posamentier, Neue Koenigstr.40 (son at same address),
C3D HANNA WOHLFARTH of Maerk-Frdld, 23, dau SAMUEL W. late in MF,
marries w/permission Land+Kreisgericht MSerkisch-Friedland
on 13 June 1847 at Heilige Geistste.l3 by Rabbinatsverwalter OETTINGER.
SIMON
II
p. 58 WILLIAM SCHONLANK, merchant ,Johanni s Str. 3, age 30, son
of Kfm SALOMON SCHONLANK, marries by perm. of father GD AMALIE
SIMON, 24, dau HERMANN SIMON, Kfm, by perm. father, on 1 Dec 1844.
HIRSCHFELD p.81 RAPHAEL HIRSCHFELD, Kfm of Zehdenick, Rosenthalerstr. 23,
age 33, son of CHAIM(?) HIRSCHFELD, Kfm in Zehdenick. CSD SARA LEVY
24, dau ABRAHAM JOSEF LEVY, Rosenthalerstr. 20, both have perm. parenti
25 May 1847.
ai
»I
*
I
Uwe Westphal
r
Bciliner Nonffektion und HkNle
Die Zerstörung einer Tradition
1836-1939
/
^
®
EIDITION HENTRICH BERUN
) il
1
I
I
I
i
X
rcnz. Zwar hatten die Juden, die sich in Berlin mit solchen kleinen Existenzgründun-
gen niederließen, nicht den Ballast des jahrhundertealten starren Systems der
Innungs- und Zunftordnungen,zu tragen, waren daher vielleicht auch flexibler auf
den neuen Markt eingestellt, doch bÜeben sie zunächst in der Stadt als Fremd- und
Eindringlinge stigmatisiert.
Nathan Israel
Hermann Gerson
DIE ANFÄNGE DER KONFEKTION UND IHRE GRÜNDER
Allgemein waren die Bedingungen für die Erschließung der industriellen Produktion
günstig, neue Verkehrsverbindungen und Handelswege wurden erschlossen und
erweitert. Der dadurch vergrößerte Binnenmarkt gab auch den Impuls für die Kon-
fektionierung der Bekleidung, also der seriellen Fertigung nach standardisierten
Maßen. So beschäftigten sich auch viele der ca. 800 Zeitungen, die 1840 bereits auf
dem Markt waren, mit dem Thema Mode. Kolorierte Kupferstiche zeigten die neu-
sten Feinheiten der Pariser Mode; ausführÜche Berichterstattungen über »Paris, der
Haupt- und Residenzstadt der Mode« füllten bald ganze Seiten von Fachblättern. So
konnte man im »Prager Hauptblatt der Mode« am 15. 12. 1846 lesen:
»Die Damenkleidermoden stehen im allgemeinen... auf gleichem Fuße Paris
herrscht und gebietet in London, New York, Wien und Berlin sowie in anderen
Hauptstädten . . . Auch darf man hinzusetzen, daß hierbei die Laien, wie Maler, Illu-
mineurs und Redakteurs, mehr bewirken als die eigentUch Berufenen. Wir erkennen
in manchem schönen Pariser Modebilde, daß es der Imagination und Phantasie ent-
14
}
«f
inen Existcnzgründun-
\i starren Systems der
icht auch flexibler auf
Ir Stadt als Fremd- und
\f^
\ann Gerson
IJNDER
lustriellen Produktion
irden erschlossen und
;n Impuls für die Kon-
nach standardisierten
[n, die 1840 bereits auf
rstiche zeigten die neu-
ingen über »Paris, der
von Fachblättern. So
^6 lesen:
Igleichem Fuße. Paris
|rlin sowie in anderen
Laien, wie Maler, Illu-
ifenen. Wir erkennen
ton und Phantasie ent-
sprossen; allein dies darf sich bis jetzt nur die Hauptstadt der Mode erlauben; alle ande-
ren Orte werden selbst durch jene phantasmagorischen Gebilde geleitet ... was wir .. .
besonders den Wienern, Berlinern und Leipzigern nachrühmen müssen.«
War die Mode noch einige Zeit vorher hauptsächlich dem Adel und den Fürsten vor-
behalten, so nahm sich jetzt das Bürgertum dieser Leidenschaft an. Die Mode wurde
für diese Kreise zum gesellschaftÜchen Thema und Spiel.
Wie viele andere Juden, die sich in der Stadt eine eigene Existenz aufbauen wollten,
kam auch Hirsch Gerson Levin aus Königsberg 1835 nach BerUn. Der 22jährige
erwarb noch im Jahr seiner Ankunft den notwendigen »Judenbürgerbrief« und nahm
den Namen Hermann Gerson an. In der » Königlichen Bauakademie No. 3« gründete
er 1836 sein Geschäft für den Handel mit Seiden, Stickereien, Spitzen und französi-
schem Leinen.<* Fünf Jahre später begann Hermann Gerson den Handel mit in Serie
gefertigten Mänteln für Damen. Sein rascher Erfolg ist daran abzulesen, daß er mit sei-
nem Umzug zum Werderschen Markt 1848 zum königlichen Hoflieferanten avan-
cierte. In dieser Zeit beschäftigte er bereits 5 Handwerksmeister, 3 Direktricen, 120-
140 Arbeiterinnen in der Werkstatt. 100 Kommis und Aufseher waren für das Laden-
lokal und zur Bedienung angestellt. Rund 1500 Schneider, darunter 150 Meister, wur-
den außerhalb des Hauses mit der Anfertigung der Kleidung beschäftigt. Der Name
Hermann Gerson stand in BerUn für eine außergewöhnlich exklusive, aber auch sehr
teure Damenkleidung von internationalem Niveau.
Die Brüder David, Moritz und Valentin Manheimer gründeten 1837 die Firma
»Gebrüder Manheimer« und beschäftigten sich mit der »konfekrionsmäßigen Anfer-
tigung von Mänteln«.^ Die Brüder Manheimer waren Söhne des David Manheimer,
eines Kantors der jüdischen Gemeinde in Gommern/Sachsen-Anhalt. Valentin Man-
heimer trennte sich 1840 von seinen Brüdern, diese führten die Firma unter dem
Gründernamen weiter, und etablierte sich im gleichen Jahr in der Oberwallstraße 6
unter dem Namen »Firma V. Manheimer«. Die Firma gehörte sehr bald, wie auch
Hermann Gerson, zu den führenden großen Häusern der Damenkonfektion in Ber-
hn. 1873 wurde Valentin Manheimer zum Kommerzienrat und elf Jahre später zum
Geheimen Kommerzienrat ernannt. In den Nachrufen zu seinem Tode, im Jahr 1889,
wurde Valentin Manheimer besonders für seine Verdienste bei der Durchführung und
Eröffnung des Konfekrionsexportes gewürdigt.*
Ging zunächst die Firma in die Hände seiner Söhne Alfred, Ferdinand und Gustav
Manheimer über, so wurde nach kurzer Zeit Ferdinand Manheimer Alleininhaber des
Unternehmens. Letzter Besitzer des berühmten Konfektionshauses war dessen Sohn
Alfred Manheimer, der aber die Firma 1931, auf Grund der allgemeinen Wirtschafts-
krise und finanziellen Probleme des Unternehmens, verkaufen mußte.
Ebenfalls mit zur ersten Gründergeneration der Berliner Konfektion gehörte David
Leib Levin, der 1840 seine Fabrik für Damenmäntel in der Gertraudenstraße 11 eröff-
nete. Levin, aus Königsberg stammend, arbeitete als einer der Ersten mit festgelegten
Preisen und PreisÜsten für seine Waren. Nach dem Umzug der Firma zum Haus-
vogteiplatz 13 gehörte das Unternehmen D. Levin zu den führenden Häusern der
Konfektion.
Nathan Israel, einer alten Berliner jüdischen Familie entstammend, gründete 1815,
aufljauend auf dem Geschäft seines Großvaters, sein Geschäftshaus für den Stoff-
15
(
fit k1 J W " l'w " >hrcn entwickelte sich aus diesen Anfängen ein Kaufhaus
für Konfektion und Versandhandel. 1913 verband das Kauf- und wirenhaus Nathan
Israel das bis zur •Ansierung« 1938 im Famüienbesitz blieb, mit seinem Gebäude-
komplex die Spandaucr, Königs- und Probststraße. Von preiswerter Kleidune bis hin
zum luxuriösen Modellkleid war hier alles zu haben ^^«aung. bis hm
Rudolph Hertzog. 1815 als Sohn begüteter Eltern in Berlin geboren, gründete sein
7^X-^vf ZT'^'f '^^^ .'". ^'' ^"^^^^^' Mit großem Geschick und
geschäftlichem Erfolg gehörte auch dieses Unternehmen bald zu den guten Häusern
für Konfektion m Berhn. Die Firma R. Hertzog blieb im Familienbesitz und über-
lÄn t rioXiZ^^^^^^ ""• ^^ '''''''' '''""' ^- Konfektionsgründer
Valentin Manheimcr
Rudolph Hertzog
David Leib Levin
I
\
" ■ • rSHT*! f«*-""^
16
II Mittdgenre für den
nen Hauptsitr in
ren Herz Sen., er
bracht; Goldberg,
? nach San Francisco.
l&Co.
sseren Genre
Im Betrieb Konfek-
n
renstraße 34/35
ittleren Genre
pamenkleidung
Zeichncrin tätig.
ebr.
lodell- und besseren
5. 12. 1938 an den
liidt-Scharf über-
^on drei Geschwi-
I emigrierte nach New
Firma >Fairmore<
|mit. Sein Sohn über-
lende Firma,
lach Amsterdam und
Betrieb in der
len Fa. »Max Haar -
Häufler, Otto & Co.
Mohrenstraße 33
Damen- und Backfischmäntel im mittleren
Genre
HausdorfF, Eduard
Siehe: Gerson, Prager & Hausdorff
Hecht & Noher
Charlottenstraße 65/65a
Kleider, Komplets und Blusen
Die Firma arbeitete noch im Dezember 1937.
Erik Zorek war für diese Firma als Zwischen-
meister tätig.
Heil
Siehe: Bleichrode, Heil & Co.
Herbst, Joe
Siehe: C. G. Strobach
Hermann
Siehe: Secler & Cohn
Herz
Siehe: Grohag
Herz, I.
Markgrafenstraße 55
Damenkonfektion für Mäntel und Kleider im
mittleren Genre
I. Herz und seine Frau wurden in ein nicht
bekanntes Konzentrationslager deportiert und
sind dort umgekommen.
Kurt Ehrenfreund war in der Firma bis 1925 als
zweiter Konfektionär angestellt.
Hesse & Heyl
Krausenstraße 17/18
Damenmäntel im mittleren Genre
Heyl
Siehe: Hesse & Heyl
Hirschfeld
Siehe: Brad, Hirschfeld & Co.
Hobfc, Jacques
Erstklassige Kleiderherstellung im Modellgenre
Konfektionär war Herr Wassermann, der zuvor
bei Norbert Jutschenka gearbeitet hat.
Wahrscheinlich ist Jacques Höbe in die USA
emigriert.
HofTmann, Herrmann
Friedrichstraße 30/31
Damen- und Herrenklcidung, engros und detail
im Couturegenrc
Am 7. Oktober 1938 meldete die Jüdische
Rundschau< den Betrieb als »arisiert«. Der neue
Eigentümer war nicht zu ermitteln.
Horwitz, Hans
In Berlin als Konfektionär bei Ludwig Lesser.
Emigration nach London, er machte sich hier
selbständig.
Hurwitz & Sohn
Jerusalemer Straße 11
Damenmäntelkonfektion
Isenburg & Lewin
Kronenstraße 58
Damenkonfekrion
Israel, Nathan
Spandauer Straße (Zentrale)
Waren- und Modenhaus
Im Jahr 1815 gründete Nathan Israel sein erstes
Geschäft für Stoffe und Kleidung. In den Grün-
derjahren der Berliner Konfekrion erweiterte
N. Israel Angebot und Sortiment; bald gehörte
diese Firma zu den ersten Häusern für Damen-
kleidung in Berhn. Nachfolger wurde der Sohn
Jacob Israel, der bald zum königlichen Kauf-
mann avancierte. Er starb 1894 und übergab sein
Werk wiederum seinem Sohn Berthold Israel.
Amy Salomon, seine Frau, richtete einen
speziellen Damensalon für Couturekleidung im
Hause ein. Wilfried Israel, Sohn dieser Ehe, trat
1921 dem Unternehmen bei und war letzter
Erbe. Doch war Wilfried Israel weit mehr als
nur Unternehmer eines Kaufhauses, daher soll
auch hier kurz auf die Person und sein Werk
eingegangen werden. (Naomi Shepherd
beschrieb in ihrem hervorragenden Buch
>Wüfried Israel* ausführUch diese Lebens-
geschichte.)
In den frühen dreißiger Jahren war das Kaufhaus
N. Israel ein modernes Unternehmen mit 2000
Beschäfrigten, und man nannte es das »Gegen-
stück zu Harrods« in London. Im Februar und
März 1933 wrurde W. Israel von den nun zur
Macht gelangten Nazis zum erstenmal verhaftet
und verhört. Der Betriebsrat ging mit dem
30. 1. 1933 in die Hände der Nationalsozialisten,
183
^
«(
X
und diese besaßen damit eine wichtige Schlüssel-
position im Betrieb. Entlassungen von jüdischen
Mitarbeitern wurden gefordert; die 20-30%
Nazigetreuen im Betrieb sahen ihre Stunde
gekommen. Der April-Boykott traf auch das
Haus Israel.
Von Anbeginn an kümmerte sich W. Israel um
die Verhafteten und ermöglichte durch seine
Kontakte ins Ausland und seine Finanzen die
ersten Auswanderungen. Weitere Verhaftungen
und Verhöre von W. Israel folgten in den Jahren
1934 und 1935. Inzwischen hatte er eine zentrale
Rolle bei der Errichtung von europäischen
Komitees zur Unterstützung des JugendaHyah
(Emigrantenbewegung nach Palästina) ein-
genommen. Im November 1935 wurde W. Israel
von den Nazis mitgeteilt, daß er von der
Geschäftsführung seines Unternehmens
entbunden sei. Trotzdem behielt er sein Büro im
Hause und leitete durch seine Arbeit als Verbin-
dungsmann für das englische Foreign Office die
Emigration tausender junger deutscher Juden
ein. Im Juni 1937 wurde das Haus N. Israel mit
den Symbolen der Nazis beschmiert. Die Zahl
der Beschäftigten betrug 1938 nur noch 1000
Angestellte; vielen hat W. Israel die Emigration
ermöglicht.
Im Juh 1938 wurden Verkaufsverhandlungen
mit dem konkurrierenden )Kösterkonzern< abge-
schlossen; die notwendige Genehmigung zum
Verkauf wurde aber von den zuständigen Stellen
verweigert. Im August 1938 rief der >Stürmer<
zur offenen Gewalt gegen das Haus N. Israel
auf. Am Nachmittag des 10. November 1938
begannen die Angriffe auf das Unternehmen.
Mit Rufen wie »Juden raus!« wurden die
jüdischen Angestellten zusammengetrieben und
verhaftet. Junge Männer mit Eisenstangen und
Stöcken bewaffnet, demolierten Auslage, Fenster
und Einrichtung des Hauses; rissen Stoffballen
von den Tischen und trampelten auf der Klei-
dung; Schreibmaschinen, Bilder und Möbel
wurden aus den Fenstern geworfen. Wilfried
Israel erreichte die Freilassung der Verhafteten
und wickelte für die verbliebenen 200 Ange-
stellten die Emigrarion ab. Am 6. Februar 1939 -
nach dem Zwangsverkauf zu einem Bruchteil
des Wertes - verabschiedete sich W. Israel von
den Mitarbeitern und Angestellten des Hauses
mit einem Dankesbrief. Schon 5 Tage später
verkündeten die Anschlagsäulen, daß das Haus
nun in arischem Besitz sei; neuer Name: >Haus
im Zentrum<.
Wilfried Israels Wirken richtete sich nun
ausschließlich auf die Hilfe zur Emigration. Er
leitete mit Unterstützung britischer Juden und
Quäker den Exodus von 30000 jüdischen
Kindern ein, erreichte durch Verhandlungen die
Freilassung von 8000 jungen Juden aus dem KZ
Am 15. 5. 1939 verließ W. Israel Berlin und
führte von London aus seine schwierige Arbeit
zur Unterstützung der Emigration weiter.
W. Israel wurde im Juni 1943 bei einem Flug
über der Biscaya von deutschen Jägern abge-
schossen.
(Siehe auch bei Jacobsberg, Hans; er war
Einkäufer für die Damenmodenabteilung bei
N. Israel)
Jackier
Siehe: Bibo & Jackier
Jacobowski & Cohen, Hermann
Kronenstraße
Mäntel und Kostüme im Modell- und besseren
Genre
Jacobowski emigrierte nach London und starb
hier in hohem Alter.
Hermann Cohen emigrierte nach I . jlland und
überstand die Besetzung Hollands durch die
Nazis. Er verstarb ebenfalls in hohem Alter.
Kurt Ehrenfreund war für die Firma Spezial-
konfekrionär für die Abteilung >Maison de
Bonneterie< in Den Haag und Amsterdam.
Jacobsberg, Hans
Hans Jacobsberg war Einkäufer für die Firma
Nathan Israel in der Damenmodenabteilung.
Seine Tochter berichtet über ihn:
»Mein Vater war jahrelang Einkäufer für die
Damenmode bei N. Israel, einer Firma am
Kurfürstendamm. Am 10. November 1938, der
sog. Kristallnacht, wurden alle Fensterscheiben
der jüdischen Firmen zerschlagen, meinen Vater
holten zwei SS-Männer aus der Wohnung und
nahmen ihn mit. Ich war damals 10 Jahre alt und
kann mich erinnern, daß er nach ungefähr
3 Wochen mit geschorenem Haar wieder nach
Hause kam, er war im Konzentrationslager
Oranienburg gewesen. Er sagte nur, wenn sich
das ein zweites Mal wiederholen würde, er sich
das Leben nehmen wollte. Er ist nur durch
Beziehungen aus dem KZ entlassen worden,
andere hat man nie wieder gesehen. Da N. Israel
eine englische Firma war, mußten die Nazis den
Schaden bezahlen. Mein Vater ging dann nach
Holland, meine Mutter löste unsere Wohnung
auf, und wir gingen zuerst zur Großmutter ins
i
i
V
Sl
sc
Ol
a
r
I
I
184
;*
i-^v
Leo Baeck Institute New York
i
/
CY
b
1 ^
Catalog
of the Archival CoÜections
V^
edited by
Fred Grubel
•it
• • T ...•
in Cooperation with
Alan S.Divack
Frank Mecklenburg
Michael A.Riff
Nusi Sznaider
J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen
^
64
)tcmbcr 27, 19()1, Hirschberg was a
)ranch of thc Central verein deutscher
:tive in the Icadcrship of thc Rcichs-
Ic) France in 1939, and Brazil in 1940,
|rs. He dicd in Säo Paulo, Brazil, on
U cspeciaily in regard to emigration;
rhfeld was a thcatrical director and
^ration to Switzerland in 1933, at the
on Novembern, 1964.
and institutions including Theodor
In Feuchtwanger, Fega Frisch, Erich
|Robert Musil, Martha Musil, Max
lans Sahl, Salman Schocken, Carlo
Ion Wilder, and Carl Zuckmayer.
|ks by Hirschteld and others concern-
nd set designs.
"^ ISRAEL FAMILY
120 LILLY ISLER
1938-1946 2.5inches
Born in Vienna c. 1910, Lilly Isler was a dressmaker who emigrated to the United
States via Canada in 1939 and died in New York City in the 196()s.
Correspondence of Lilly Isler and her husband, Richard with her brother and mother
concerning the events of Kristallnacht, of 1939-1941 in Vienna, of lifc in the United
States, and of Isler's attempts to obtain a U.S. visa for her mother.
Language: German.
Donor: Gloria Isler, 1980.
Finding Aid: 1-pagc inventory.
Accession Number: AR 7173.
121 ISRAEL FAMILY
1714-1971 Sinches
The Israel family are descendants of Israel Jacob, who was pcrmitted to residc in Berlin
after 1741. Nathan Israel founded the Kaufhaus N. Israel in 1815, one of the most
important concems in Berlin. Its three branches were "aryanized" in 1939.
Documents, both Originals and photocopies, relating to the history of the Israel family
from the eighteenth through the twentieth Century, including contracts, wills and
testaments, letters of protection and vital documents; genealogics of the Israel and
Adler families; photographs of family members and of their gravestones.
Material on thc Kaufhaus N. Israel, including photos, pubÜcity publications, the 1926
anniversary album, and the annual calendar albums for the years 1908, 1910, 1912, and
1914.
Correspondence of WilfredJsrael, in London, with Hanns Reissner and his family,
who were living as refugees in Bombay, 1940-1943.
Languages: German, French, English.
Donor:Mrs. S. Behr, 1979.
Finding Aids: 5-page inventory, 4 catalogue cards.
Accession Numbers: AR 9010, AR 187, AR 783, AR 4790.
1»»-r* - «
#*
THE
UNBROREN
CHAIN
Biographical Sketches and Genealogy
of Illustrious Jewish Families
from the 1 5th-20th Century
Revised Edition — 1990
VOLUME I
NEIL ROSENSTEIN
The Computer Center for Jewish Genealogy
(i
:•:•«
PUB'LIS'HE'RS
NewWk • London ^Jerusalenu
\w
■#
>i^'
UNBRO]
^I^BftOKEf^
CHAIN
523
CHAPTER VI - BRANCH B - ADLER
ue, perished in the Holocaust
:k$tadt.
Fanny.
olivii. Hc married in 1920 toj^
h (daughter of Isaac son of r1^
(New York).
Spiclman (Brooklyn). Thcir d|
l. Yitzchok Goodman (New Yorl
Ity, N.J.). Their daughter, Chavi
Iski (Israel). Their children: RuK
0 issue.
hacl Cahn (born in Hildesheim ,.
the Hildeshcimcr Rabbinical Colt,
lunity of Samter, and in 1877 M
^n and Community rabbi of th«
c Community was about fivc hl
tants. He married Yetche in 18'
rth. Hc rctired in 1919 when the
itza tubc" for the use of hygiei
(circumcision) which was dcsii^
is day, Virchow, von-Bergmani
ayed a grcat part in the local
and the sale of meat according ^
ve (ritual bath) and superviscd;
2r wcre approved by all the Eure«
During World War 1 he helped famj
2 necds of the Jewish prisoncrs-ofv
^e outlawing of ritual slaughtcrj
nee Bismarck, and was succestfi
laughter.
Community of Tisza-Eslar in Hunj
who latcr became the Archbishc,
is no basis in the Jewish religioo^
itsumption that Jews might even havc used Christian blood for ritual purposcs nor is
^ pported by history, and that accusations of this kind, whatever the circumstancct,
^ '. aefinitely be regarded as criminal lies." Later when R. Samson Raphael Hirsch of
^"'nkfurt, whose teachings hc ardcntly upheld, established the Freie Vereinningung für
^f* Interessen der orthodoxen Judentums, R. Cahn became a leading member of the
loiza^'O"- It was dcsigncd to safeguard the interests of orthodox Jcwry.
rill I^a^^i ^'- ^^^ ^^^^ (^^'^ '° F}x\dtL in 1889 and died in Bnei Brak in 1958). He
, the district Rabbi from 1919-1938, as his fathcr's successor. Hc was also conccrned
^th education and the literal observance of the Law. He was considered an cxccllent
'^ator. In Israel which hc reached via England having Icft Germany in 1938 foUowing
^le Kristallnacht, he did not accept any Rabbinical position, but was a teacher and
?rcctor of a Secondary School. Hc was married to Leah (of the Auerbach family), and
they had four children, married into othcr prominent families in Jerusalem.
G12X Gotthelf Cahn (livcd in Altona), married and had issue. Of his daughtcrs. one
ijtrried Beer (London), anothcr Bcrkowitz (Bnci Brak) and a third married Van Ments
/u^ifa).
GI2.3 ^»f« ö^ Rabbi Dr. J. Lorsch, Dcputy Rabbi of Fulda, and later Rabbi in Frankfurt.
GIO.3. Mina Adler, married Jacob Israel. He was the son of Nathan Israel (1782-1852)
lyho founded in 1815 a dry goods business in Berlin which became one of the largest
Department Stores of that city. Thcir family was prominent as well in Jewish Communal
tffairs. They had six children, only one of whom was still living in 1909, Berthold Israel.
f/ho ran the business until the rise of the Nazis who confiscated their possessions bcfore
the World War II. He later died of a heart attack. Hc married his first cousin, Amy
josefa Solomon (see above G10.1/1I.9), and had three children.
Gll. Berthold and Amy Israel.
G12.I. Viva, married George Prins, a leading diamond merchant. They had a daughter,
Vivian, who was married.
G12.2. Herbert Israel, born about 1904, scttled in New York and died whilc on a holiday
in Italy about 1964.
012,3. Wilfred (Wilfrid) Israel, 1899-1943,** who assisted his fathcr in the Berlin Company
tnd remained in Germany until 1939 having helped the Jews therc, and settled in
England. He helped establish together with his fathcr the Kibbutz of HaZoreah and the
youth Village of Ben Shemcn. In England he was a member of the Jewish Colonization
Association and a prominent communal worker and philanthropist. He died together with
Leslic Howard when their plane was shot down by the Gcrman Luftwaffe in 1943 as they
wcrc returning from a Youth Aliyah Mission to Portugal. He did not marry. His art
collection was bequeathed to Kibbutz Hazoreah where it is displayed in the Wilfred
Israel House for Oriental Art and Studies.
G10.4. Marcus Nathan Adler, eldest son, M.A., born in Hanover in 1837 and died in
London in 1911. Hc studied at the University College in London and was the actuary for
the Alliancc Assurance Co. from 1857-92. He was a member of Jews' College Council and
the Jewish High School for Girls Council, and President of the Stepney Jewish School
(J«ru«ai«m. 1971), p^c« T9 «t Mq. Lattr
46. S«« EJ., vol.O, p. loa.
ISRAEL
GSU 477288 EST 889 BERUN,HnRATEN j 812-1847
o
P.65
p.66
NATHAN ISRAEL, Jüdenstr.l8, son of JAKOB ISRAEL, 37, marrled EDEL LEVY
age 18, dau of MARCUS EPHRAIM LEVY, Handelsmann. '
on 29 May (or August) 1819 by Weyl.
JOSEPH ISRAEL, 27, son of JACOB ISRAEL, marrled EUNE ALBU of Prenzlau
dau of JOSEPH ALBU, deceased in Prenzlau, she is 19. '
on 27 May 1820 iy Weyl
MEIER ISRAEL, 42, son of JACOB ISRAEL, marrled REBECKA, 25, daughter of
- JCEL FROMM of Hammerstein in Pommern (?) ,she is 25. 10 Aug. 1823.
GSU 477 292, EST 892 BERUN, DEATHS, 1812-1840
P.146 JACOB ISRAEL' S WIFE BUNE, daughter of MEYER DAVID, "jetzt Betty,"
age 53, on 15 May 1815 ,8 PM,
o
o
ÜMMIMII
mtmmmm
mmmmAttanuAjmmtmiam
rfMMMMHMlH
mmmmmtt
tmmmm
Harald Brost und Laurenz Denps: Berlin wird Weltstadt. Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1981.
TSQMi^
I tm n 1 1 —
►<WiW»Wi>« I Mli III KW If ^ • ■
"*' *'*<WOTMmyiVrn>
an Stelle kleinerer Wohnhäuser errichtet.
Aktenmäßig belegt ist die Tatsache, daß Andreas
Schlüter kurzzeitig im Erdgeschoß gewohnt hat.
1724 durchgreifend reno\iert, gelangte es 1760
in den Besitz des Heereslieferanten für Sattel-
und Zaumzeug, Peter Damm. Dieser ließ das
Haus im Stil des Rokoko umgestalten. Es zählte
zu den am prächtigsten eingerichteten Bürger-
häusern Berlins, u. a. hat der Maler R. F. Fech-
helm hier sein ganzes Können entfaltet. Am
Ende des 18. Jh. bezog der Tabaklieferant
Neumann das Haus und richtete im Hof eine
Fabrik zur Tabakverarbeitung ein. Neumann
ließ offensichtlich auch das Haus in der hier
abgebildeten Form umbauen. 1824 erst kaufte
Wilhelm Ermeler, ebenfalls Tabakfabrikant
und -händler den gesamten Komplex und gab
dem Haus seinen Namen. Es blieb bis 1914 im
Besitz der Familie. Die Erben verkauften es für
eine Million Reichsmark an die Stadt. In ihm
befand sich bis 1932 eine der Berliner Wohn-
kultur gewidmete Sonderabteilung des Märki-
schen Museums. 1966 wurde es mit hohem
Kostenaufwand und großer Mühe an das
Märkische Ufer 15 versetzt. Seine erhaltene
Inneneinrichtung gibt den reizvollen Rahmen
für die heute in ihm untergebrachten Gast-
räume.
Opandauer Straße 26-29, Ecke Königstraße
mit dem Stammhaus des Warenhauskonzerns
N. Israel in der Spandauer Straße 28. Um 1880.
1815, kurz nachdem der bisherige «Schutzjude»
Nathan Israel Berliner Bürger geworden war,
eröffnete er in der Jüdenstraße 18 ein Kurz-
warengeschäft. 1830 verlegte er es an den
99
Harald Brost und Laurenz Demps
erlin tpirti^eltftatrt
Mit 277 Photographien
von
F. Albert Schwartz, Hof- Photo graph
Stuttgart, Kohlhammer, 1981
:-)
MMMMMAMM
«hh
am
mtm^mutmä
mmttmtm^mm
^mm
r
m lim piiummi
an Stelle kleinerer Wohnhäuser errichtet.
Aktenmäßig belegt ist die Tatsache, daß Andreas
Schlüter kurzzeitig im Erdgeschoß gewohnt hat.
1724 durchgreifend reno\iert, gelangte es 1760
in den Besitz des Heereslieferanten für Sattel-
und Zaumzeug, Peter Damm. Dieser ließ das
Haus im Stil des Rokoko umgestalten. Es zählte
zu den am prächtigsten eingerichteten Bürger-
häusern Berhns, u. a. hat der Maler K. F. Fech-
helm hier sein ganzes Können entfaUet. Am
Ende des 18. Jh. bezog der Tabaklieferant
Neumann das Haus und richtete im Hof eine
Fabrik zur Tabakverarbeitung ein. Neumann
ließ offensichtlich auch das Haus in der hier
abgebildeten Form umbauen. 1824 erst kaufte
Wilhelm Ermeler, ebenfalls Tabakfabrikant
und -händler den gesamten Komplex und gab
dem Haus seinen Namen. Es bheb bis 1914 im
Besitz der Familie. Die Erben verkauften es für
eine Million Reichsmark an die Stadt. In ihm
befand sich bis 1932 eine der Berliner Wohn-
kultur gewidmete Sonderabteilung des Märki-
schen Museums. 1966 wurde es mit hohem
Kostenaufwand und großer Mühe an das
Märkische Ufer 15 versetzt. Seine erhaltene
Inneneinrichtung gibt den reizvollen Rahmen
für die heute in ihm untergebrachten Gast-
räume.
Opandauer Straße 26-29, Ecke Königstraße
mit dem Stammhaus des Warenhauskonzerns
N. Israel in der Spandauer Straße 28. Um 1880.
1815, kurz nachdem der bisherige «Schutzjude»
Nathan Israel Berliner Bürger geworden war,
eröffnete er in der Jüdenstraße 18 ein Kurz-
warengeschäft. 1830 verlegte er es an den
99
ISRAEL
O
GSU 477288 EST 889 BERLIN,HEIRATEN j 812-1847
P.65 NATHAN ISRAEL, Jüdenstr.l8, son of JAKOB ISRAEL, 37, married EDEL LEVY
age 18, dau of MARCUS EPHRAIM LEVY, Handelsmann. '
on 29 May (or August) 1819 byWeyl.
JOSEPH ISRAEL, 27, son of JACOB ISRAEL, married ELINE ALBU of Prenzlau
dau of JOSEPH ALBU, deceased in Prenzlau, she is 19.
on 27 May 1820 fcy Weyl
p.66
MEIER ISRAEL, 42, son of JACOB ISRAEL, married REBECKA, 25, daughter of
JCEL FROMM of Hammerstein in Pommern (?) ,she is 25. 10 Aug. 1823.
GSU 477 292, EST 892 BERUN, DEATHS, 1812-1840
P.146 JACOB ISRAEL'S WIFE BUNE, daughter of MEYER DAVID, "jetzt Betty,
age 53, on 15 May 1815 ,8 PM.
II
C )
o
-■» -^
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lew York. Bis 1947 in Kanada u. den USA als Pu-
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^n Dir. Koor Industries Ltd., 1953-62 techn. Dir!
cal dictionary of central european emigres 1933-1945
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Israel, Herbert, Dr. rcr. pol.. Warenhausunternehmer; geb.
16. Apr. 1903 Berlin, gest. 5. Aug. 1961 Sirmione/I; jüd • V-
Berthold. I. (geb. 1868 Berlin, gest. 1935 Beriin), jüd.. Abitur
1894 Mitinh.. 1905 Alleininh. Kaufhaus N. Israel Beriin. Mitgf
jud. Gde.. VorstMitgl. Esra, Hilfsverein u. Verein der Freunde
der Hebräischen Universität; M: Amy, geb. Solomon (geb. 1872
London, gest. 1950 Hollywood). 1935 Emigr. GB, 1940 USA*
G: Viva Prins (geb. 1896 Beriin, gest. 1920 Undon); -. Wilfrid
Israel; SM deutsch; USA. Weg: 1939 GB. 1940 Haiti. 1940/41
USA.
V '!^^A?i^';;^''^^''^*'^' *^^^ '^^'"- ß^^""' f^27-28 in New
York. Ab 1928 Ltr. Warenabt. Kaufhaus N. Israel Beriin. März
o^o ^'^^ Jf ^"^h'"c durch SA. 1935 Teilh. N. Israel, 9. Febr.
1939 Geschaftsübernahme durch Emil Köster AG März 1939
Emigr. GB. 1940 nach Haiti, Winter 1940/41 in die USA mit
Em Wanderervisum. 1943-45 Tätigkeit in der Marktforschung.
Spenden an das Wilfrid Israel House for Oriental Art im Kibb
Ha?orea.
W: Die Stellung des Textilgroßhandels in der Zeit der
Zwangswirtschaft in und nach dem Kriege (unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung des Webwarenhandels) (Diss) 1926 L
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I^ivatschule in Beriin, 1921-39 Angest., 1922-35 Geschäftsf
im Familienbetrieb Kaufhaus N. Israel, 1925 Einrichtung einer
betriebsinternen Schule für kaufm. Lehriinge, Einstellung eines
Sjozialarb. zur Betreuung von Angest., Verkaufsverbot für mil
Spielzeug; 1935 nach Tod des Vaters mit Bruder Herbert Israel
Inh. u. „Betriebsführer" bis 14. Nov. 1935. 1920-40 Reisen
I^Mccr^c"^*"^' ''°^^"' ^'^^"^"' '"^*^"» Ostasien u. in die
UdSSR, Sammler ostasiat. Kunst, Teiln. an wohltätigen Pro-
jekten der jud. Gde., u.a. Unterstützung der Gesellschaft der
Freunde, Förderung der Öffentlichkeitsarb. des Berliner Anti-
Kriegsmuseums (-. Ernst Friedrich), der Siedlungspolitik von
Agro-Joint in der UdSSR u. des Waisenhauses in Kaunas/Li-
tauen (spateres Kinderdorf Ben-Schemen/Palästina) 1927-28
Beteiligung an der Veriegung des Hebräischen Nationalthea-
ters nach Palästina, 1933 Mitgr. Zentralausschuß für Hilfe und
Aujhau. Reichsvertretung. 1933 Mitgr. Kinder- u. Jugend-Ali-
jah. März u. Juni 1933 jeweils kurzzeitige SA-Haft 1937
Einzug des Reisepasses. Ab 1937 Dir. Hilfsverein. 1938 Einrich-
tung eines Hilfsausschusses, der sich für Freilassung ehern An-
gest. aus dem KL Sachsenhausen u. für die Auswanderung jüd
Angest. nach Palästina einsetzte. 9. Febr. 1939 unter pol. Druck
Geschaftsübergabe an Emil Köster AG. Mai 1939 Emigr GB
1939-40 Verbindungsmann zwischen RegStellen u. jüd Unter'
siuizungs- u. Flüchtlingsorg, in GB, Wohltätigkeitsarb. u. Ein-
satz für Entlassung von Internierten, 1940 Besuch im Kibb Ha-
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'
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sog. Feme-Prozeß mit Carl von Ossietzky verurteilt, W-
nach dem sog. Ponton-Prozeß 8 Mon. Festungshaft wegen
suchten Landesverrats: 1926 Mithg. der Pressekorr Zeit-
zen, deren Enthüllungen den Anstoß zum Rücktritt des Re
wehrchefs General von Seeckt gaben. Ab 1928 kurzfristig
der Monatszs. Der Krieg, anschl. Mitarb. u.a. bei Dortni
Generalanzeiger, Welt am Montag u. linkssozdem. ^^^^^^
trotz äußerst kritischer Haltung gegenüber sozdem. Pol»iik
».••i
*»<
I
Ü
l J<M LUV«. i-UAwUll<Ul^, ly^w ..«eil Uwl «.WhCUulJj, Uv- i.uil^ic»
weiter nach Belgien u. Frankr; 1942 illeg. Rückkehr nach Es-
sen, wo sich 1. bis zu seinem Tode vor der Gestapo verborgen
hielt. ^
^: u.a. Ist eine Verschmelzung der Bergarbeiterorganlsatio-
ncn möghch? 1906; Arbeitsverhältnis und Arbeiterorganisatio-
nen im deutschen Bergbau. 1908, Neudruck 1979; Das deutsche
Knappschaftswesen. 1910; Zur Lage der Arbeiter im staatlichen
Bergbau an der Saar. 1910; Die grundsätzliche Stellung des
Gewerkvereins christlicher Bergarbeiter Deutschlands. 1911;
Der Bergarbeiter-Streik im Ruhrgebiet im Frühjahr 1912. 1912;
Die Saarbergarbeiterbewegung 1912/13. 1913; Die Tätigkeit
und Erfolge des Gewerkvereins christlicher Bergarbeiter
Deutschlands. 1915; Jugendliche Arbeiter im Bergbau. 1916-
Arbeiterinnen im Bergbau. 1917; Die Brüder Imbusch. In: 25
Jahre christliche Gewerkschaftsbewegung. 1924; Die Ordnung
der Verhältnisse zwischen Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern.
1926. L: NDB; Schneider, Saarpolitik und Exil. Qu Arch
Hand. Publ. - IfZ.
I
'.>
Ingrim, Robert (bis 1946 Klein, Franz Johann), Dr., Publizist«
geb. 20. (?) Juni 1895, gest. März 1964 Chardonne/CH • V-
Dr. Hugo Klein, Arzt; M: Marie, geb. Kandelburg; «Anna
Christina Schmid; StA: österr., 1942 Ausbürg., 1946 USA
IVeg: 1938GB; 1941 CDN, USA; 1942CDN; USA; I947CH
Stud. Rechtswiss. Wien, 1915-18 Artilierieoffz. Nach
Kriegsende angebl. Vertr. des Anschlusses Österr. an das Dt.
Reich, sozdem. orientiert u. Mitgr. Deutsch-Österreichischer
Volksbund. 1920 Prom., anschl. Industrieberater, 1926-30 Red
Der Osterreichische Volkswirt in Wien. 1930-33 Donauraum-
korr. Vossische Zeitung Berlin, 1933-35 Donauraumkorr. Bas-
ler Nachrichten. Mitarb. Der Christliche Ständestaat, bis 1938
in enger pol. Verb, zu der Gruppe um -^ Dietrich von Hilde-
brand u. - Klaus Dohrn. Zwischen 1934 u. 1938 Mitarb. u
Leitartikler Volkszeitung Innsbruck. 1936 (?)-37 Italienkorr
Basler Nachrichten in Rom. Juli 1937 Ausweisung aus Italien
auf Veranlassung dt. Stellen. Hg. Donauecho. Bis 1938 Völker-
bund-Korr. De Tijd Amsterdam in Genf. Sept. 1938 nach Lon-
don, Korr. Basler National-Zeitung. 1940 Mitgl. Austria Office
Mitarb. Free Austria, ZusArb. mit-* Robert Habsburg. Früh/.
1941 nach Kanada, anschl. New York, Juni 1941 Mitgr Aus-
trian Committee unter -^ Richard Schüller. Enge ZusArb. mit
-Otto Habsburg, Hg. u. Ltr. der legitimist. Voice of Austria,
Fruhj. 1942 mit deren Red. Übersiedlung nach Ottawa, heftige
Auseinandersetzungen mit - Richard Redler u.a. Vertr. des
Austrian National Committee unter -^ Hans Rott u. - Guido
Zernatto in New York. Bis 1947 in Kanada u. den USA als Pu-
blizist u. Hochschullehrer für pol. Wiss. tätig. 1947 Rückkehr
. nach Europa, Wohnsitz in Meggen/Kanton Luzern; Korr u
Mitarb. zahlr. amerikan. u. dt.-sprachiger Ztg. u. Zs., u.a. News-
week, Christ und Welt, Rheinischer Merkur, Kölnische Rund-
schau. Vaterland Luzern, Bayern-Kurier u. Neues Abendland
Vertr. einer Politik der Stärke gegenüber der UdSSR.
W: u.a. Der Griff nach Österreich, Zürich (Europa- Verlag)
1938; After Hitler Stalin? Milwaukee (Bruce) 1946 (dt.: Von
Talleyrand zu Molotow, Zürich 1947 u. Stuttgart 1952)-
Außenpolitik mit falschen Begriffen. 1947; Die Rettung
Deutschlands. 1952; Bündnis oder Krieg? 1955; Hitlers glück-
lichster Tag: London, am 18. Juni 1935. 1962. L; Molden, Ge-
wissen; Goldner, Emigration; Maimann, Politik; Ebneth Stän-
destaat. Qu: Arch. Hand. Publ. Z. - IfZ.
Intrater, Norbert Nehemia, Ingenieur; geb. 1920 Wien; V-
Moses Moritz I. (geb. 1893 Osteuropa, gest. 1968 IL), 1934
Emigr. Pal.; M: Sara (geb. 1898 Osteuropa), 1934 Emigr Pal •
G: Alfred (geb. 1923 Wien), Zahnarzt, 1934 Emigr. Pal.;'
00 1946 Shoshana Lachovsky (geb. 1924 UdSSR); K: Yaacov
(geb. 1951); Arnos (geb. 1954); Gideon (geb. 1960); Tamar
(geb. 1963); StA: österr.. Pal. /IL. Weg: 1934 Pal.
Realgymn., 1934 Emigr. Palästina, 1934-37 Herzliya-Gymn
Tel Aviv; Dipl.-Ing. (MaschBau) u. B. Comm. Univ. London
1941-46 Ing. in brit. Armee, 1946-49 Produktionsing, bei Fir-
men'in Loughborough u. London; 1949 Rückkehr nach Israel,
1949-53 techn. Dir. Koor Industries Ltd., 1953-62 techn. Dir!
raler Mm. für Handel u. Industrie, 1962 Mitgl. isr Handels-
mission in Kanada; ab 1962 Teilh. Ing.- u. Wirtschaftsberater-
Firma N. Intrater & Assoc, gleichz. Berater isr. Entwicklungs-
min., Isr. Industr. Development Bank u. Industrieabt der Jew
Agency. Mitgl. Inst, of Mechan. Engineers London Rotary
Club Internat. Lebte 1974 in Ramat Gan/Israel.
W: Metal Working Industry in Israel. 1968 u. 1973' Agricul-
tural Industry in Israel. 1969. Qu: Fb. Hand. - RFJI.
Irmer, Erich, Verleger. Weg: GB.
Inh. ISK-Verlag Öffentliches Leben in Berlin (-. Willi Eich-
ler). Mai 1933 Schutzhaft, 1934 einer der Führer der illeg. ISK-
Arbeit. Emigr. nach GB, Führungsmitgl. der ISK-Gruppe Lon-
don.
L: Link, ISK ; Röder, Großbritannien. Qu: Arch. Publ. - IfZ.
Int. biogr.dict.emigres.v. 1:321 Muenchen
Jsrael^ Herbert^ Dr. rer. pol., Warenhausunternehmer; geb.
16. Apr. 1903 Berlin, gest. 5. Aug. 1961 Sirmione/L jüd • V-
Berthold I. (geb. 1868 Berlin, gest. 1935 Berlin), jüd. Abitur'
1894 Mitinh., 1905 Alleininh. Kaufhaus N. Israel Berlin, Mitgl!
jüd. Gde., VorstMitgl. Esra, Hilfsverein u. Verein der Freunde
der Hebräischen Universität; M: Amy, geb. Solomon (geb. 1872
London, gest. 1950 Hollywood), 1935 Emigr. GB, 1940 USA-
G.- Viva Prins (geb. 1896 Berlin, gest. 1920 London);-^ Wilfrid
Israel ;5M.- deutsch; USA. Weg: 1939 GB, 1940 Haiti, 1940/41
USA.
1925 Dipl.-Volkswirt, 1926 Prom. Berlin, 1927-28 in New
York. Ab 1928 Ltr. Warenabt. Kaufhaus N. Israel Berlin, März
1933 zeitw. Festnahme durch SA, 1935 Teilh. N. Israel, 9! Febr.
1939 Geschäftsübernahme durch Emil Köster AG. März 1939
Emigr. GB, 1940 nach Haiti, Winter 1940/41 in die USA mit
Einwanderervisum. 1943-45 Tätigkeit in der Marktforschung
Spenden an das Wilfrid Israel House for Oriental Art im Kibb.
Ha?orea.
W: Die Stellung des Textilgroßhandels in der Zeit der
Zwangswirtschaft in und nach dem Kriege (unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung des Webwarenhandels) (Diss.). 1926. L:
Reissner, H. G., The Histories of Kaufhaus N. Israel and of
Wilfrid Israel. In: Yearbook III, LBI London, 1958. Qu HGK
Pers. Publ. - RFJI. ^ • •
\ Israel, Wilfrid, Kaufhausunternehmer; geb. 1 1 Juli 1899
/^ London, gest. I.Juni 1943; jüd.; G:-. Herbert Israel; 00 led •
StA: bis 1941 deutsch, brit. Weg: 1939 GB.
Privatschule in Berlin, 1921-39 Angest., 1922-35 Geschäftsf
im Familienbetrieb Kaufhaus N. Israel, 1925 Einrichtung einer
betriebsinternen Schule für kaufm. Lehrlinge, Einstellung eines
Sozialarb. zur Betreuung von Angest., Verkaufsverbol für mil
Spielzeug; 1935 nach Tod des Vaters mit Bruder Herbert Israel
Inh. u. „Betriebsführer* bis 14. Nov. 1935. 1920-40 Reisen
nach Palästina, Polen, Litauen, Indien, Ostasien u. in die
UdSSR, Sammler ostasiat. Kunst, Teiln. an wohltätigen Pro-
jekten der jüd. Gde., u.a. Unterstützung der Gesellschaft der
Freunde. Förderung der Öffenllichkeitsarb. des BerlinerAnti-
Knegsmuseums (-* Ernst Friedrich), der Siedlungspolitik von
Agro-Jomt in der UdSSR u. des Waisenhauses in Kaunas/Li-
tauen (späteres Kinderdorf Ben-Schemen/Palästina). 1927-28
Beteiligung an der Verlegung des Hebräischen Nationalthea-
ters nach Palästina, 1933 Mitgr. Zentralausschuß für Hilfe und
Au/hau. Reichsvertretung, 1933 Mitgr. Kinder- u. Jugend-Ali-
jah. März u. Juni 1933 jeweils kurzzeitige SA-Haft, 1937
Einzug des Reisepasses. Ab 1937 Dir. Hilfsverein. 1938 Einrich-
tung eines Hilfsausschusses, der sich für Freilassung ehem. An-
gest. aus dem KL Sachsenhausen u. für die Auswanderung jüd.
Angest. nach Palästina einsetzte. 9. Febr. 1939 unter pol. Druck
Geschäftsübergabe an Emil Köster AG. Mai 1939 Emigr. GB,
1939-40 Verbindungsmann zwischen RegStellen u. jüd. Unter-
stützungs- u. Flüchtlingsorg, in GB, Wohltätigkeitsarb. u. Ein-
satz für Entlassung von Internierten, 1940 Besuch im Kibb. Ha-
?orea/Palästina, Juni 1941 Mitgr. AJR, VorstMitgl. ICA,
1 94 1 -43 Berater der dt. u. jüd. Abt. im ausländ. Forschungs- u!
1983.
' ,♦!
Muchi nach Luxemburg, I94U nach der Besetzung des Landes
weiter nach Belgien u. Frankr; 1942 illeg. Rückkehr nach Es-
"" hU ^° ^^^^ '' ^"^ ^" ^^'"^"^ '^"^"^^ ^^'' ^"^^ ^^^^"^^^ verborgen
^: u.a. Ist eine Verschmelzung der Bergarbeiterorganisatio-
nen möglich? 1906; Arbeitsverhältnis und Arbeiterorganisatio-
nen im deutschen Bergbau. 1908, Neudruck 1979; Das deutsche
Knappschaftswesen. 1 9 1 0 ; Zur Lage der Arbeiter im staatlichen
Bergbau an der Saar. 1910; Die grundsätzliche Stellung des
Gewerkvereins christlicher Bergarbeiter Deutschlands. 1911-
Der Bergarbeiter-Streik im Ruhrgebiet im Frühjahr 1912 1912-
Die Saarbergarbeiterbewegung 1912/13. 1913; Die Tätigkeit
und Erfolge des Gewerkvereins christlicher Bergarbeiter
Deutschlands. 1915; Jugendliche Arbeiter im Bergbau 1916-
Arbeiterinnen im Bergbau. 1917; Die Brüder Imbusch. In: 25
Jahre christliche Gewerkschaftsbewegung. 1924; Die Ordnung
der Verhältnisse zwischen Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern
1926. L: NDB; Schneider, Saarpolitik und Exil. Qu Arch
Hand. Publ. - IfZ.
Ingrim, Robert (bis 1946 Klein. Franz Johann), Dr., Publizist*
geb. 20. (?) Juni 1895, gest. März 1964 Chardonne/CH- y-
Dr. Hugo Klein, Arzt; M: Marie, geb. Kandelburg; oo Anna
Christina Schmid; StA: österr., 1942 Ausbürg 1946 USA
^eg: 1938 GB; 1941 CDN, USA; 1942 CDN ; USA; 1947 CH
Stud. Rechtswiss. Wien, 1915-18 Artillerieoffz. Nach
Kriegsende angebl. Vertr. des Anschlusses Österr. an das Dt
Reich sozdem. orientiert u. Mitgr. Deutsch-Österreichischer
Volksbund. 1920 Prom., anschl. Industrieberater, 1926-30 Red
Der Osterreichische Volkswirt in Wien. 1930-33 Donauraum-
korr. Vossische Zeitung Berlin, 1933-35 Donauraumkorr Das-
ler Nachrichten. Mitarb. Der Christliche Stündestaat bis 1938
m enger pol. Verb, zu der Gruppe um ^ Dietrich von Hilde-
brand u. - Klaus Dohrn. Zwischen 1934 u. 1938 Mitarb. u.
Leitartikler Volkszeitung Innsbruck. 1936 (?)-37 Italienkorr
Basler Nachrichten in Rom. Juli 1937 Ausweisung aus Italien
auf Veranlassung dt. Stellen. Hg. Donauecho. Bis 1938 Völker-
bund-Korr. De Tijd Amsterdam in Genf. Sept. 1938 nach Lon-
don, Korr. Basler National-Zeitung. 1940 Mitgl. Austria Office
Mitarb. Free Austria. ZusArb. mit-- Robert Habsburg. Frühj'
1941 nach Kanada, anschl. New York, Juni 1941 Mitgr Aus-
trian Committee unter -* Richard Schüller. Enge ZusArb mit
- Otto Habsburg, Hg. u. Ltr. der legitimist. Voice of Austria
Fruhj. 1942 mit deren Red. Übersiedlung nach Ottawa, heftige
Auseinandersetzungen mit -^ Richard Rodler u.a. Vertr. des
Austrian National Committee unter -* Hans Rott u. -* Guido
Zernatto in New York. Bis 1947 in Kanada u. den USA als Pu-
blizist u. Hochschullehrer für pol. Wiss. tätig. 1947 Rückkehr
nach Europa, Wohnsitz in Meggen/ Kanton Luzern; Korr u
Mitarb. zahlr. amerikan. u. dt.-sprachiger Ztg. u. Zs., u.a. News-
week, Christ und Weh. Rheinischer Merkur. Kölnische Rund-
schau. Vaterland Luzern, Bayern-Kurier u. Neues Abendland
Vertr. einer Politik der Stärke gegenüber der UdSSR.
W: u.a. Der Griff nach Österreich. Zürich (Europa-Verlag)
1938; After Hitler Stalin? Milwaukee (Bruce) 1946 (dt.: Von
Talleyrand zu Molotow, Zürich 1947 u. Stuttgart 1952)-
Außenpolitik mit falschen Begriffen. 1947; Die Rettung
Deutschlands. 1952; Bündnis oder Krieg? 1955; Hitlers glück-
lichster Tag: London, am 18. Juni 1935. 1962. L: Molden, Ge-
wissen; Goldner, Emigration; Maimann, Politik; Ebneth Stän-
destaat. Qu: Arch. Hand. Publ. Z. - IfZ.
Fntratcr, Norbert Nehemia, Ingenieur; geb. 1920 Wien- V-
Moses Moritz I. (geb. 1893 Osteuropa, gest. 1968 IL), 1934
Emigr. Pal.; M: Sara (geb. 1898 Osteuropa), 1934 Emigr Pal •
G: Alfred (geb. 1923 Wien), Zahnarzt, 1934 Emigr. Pal.,'
00 1946 Shoshana Lachovsky (geb. 1924 UdSSR); K- Yaacov
(geb. I95I); Amos (geb. 1954); Gideon (geb. i960); Tamar
(geb. 1963); StA: österr.. Pal. /IL. Weg: 1934 Pal.
Realgymn., 1934 Emigr. Palästina, 1934-37 Herzliya-Gymn
Tel Aviv; Dipl.-Ing. (MaschBau) u. B. Comm. Univ. London
1942-46 Ing. in brit. Armee, 1946-49 Produktionsing, bei Fir-
men in Loughborough u. London; 1949 Rückkehr nach Israel
1949-53 techn. Dir. Koor Industries Ltd., 1953-62 techn Dir'
der Wiedergutmachungsorg. Shilumim Corp., 1961 Sonderbe-
rater Mm. für Handel u. Industrie, 1962 Mitgl. isr. Handels-
mission in Kanada; ab 1962 Teilh. Ing.- u. Wirtschaftsberater-
Firma N. Intrater & Assoc. gleichz. Berater isr. Entwicklungs-
mm., Isr. Industr. Development Bank u. Industrieabt. der Jew
Agency. Mitgl. Inst, of Mechan. Engineers London. Rotary
Club Internat. Lebte 1974 in Ramat Gan/Israel.
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Irmer, Erich, Verleger. Weg: GB.
Inh. ISK-Verlag Öffentliches Leben in Berlin (-- Willi Eich-
ler). Mai 1933 Schutzhaft, 1934 einer der Führer der illeg ISK-
Arbeit. Emigr. nach GB, Führungsmitgl. der ISK-Gruppe Lon-
don. *
L: Link, ISK ; Röder, Großbritannien. Qu: Arch. Publ. - IfZ.
Israel, Herbert, Dr. rer. pol., Warenhausunternehmer- geb
16. Apr. 1903 Berlin, gest. 5. Aug. 1961 Sirmione/L jüd • V-
Berthold I. (geb. 1868 Berlin, gest. 1935 Berlin), jüd., Abitur
1894 Mitmh., 1905 Alleininh. Kaufhaus N. Israel Berlin Mitgl'
jud. Gde., VorstMitgl. E.sra. Hilfsverein u. Verein der Freunde
der Hebräischen Universität: M: Amy, geb. Solomon (geb 1872
London, gest. 1950 Hollywood), 1935 Emigr. GB 1940 USA-
a.- Viva Prins (geb. 1896 Berlin, gest. 1920 London);-* Wilfrid
Israel; .SM.- deutsch; USA. Weg: 1939 GB. 1940 Haiti 1940/41
USA.
1925 Dipl.-Volkswirt, 1926 Prom. Berlin, 1927-28 in New
York. Ab 1928 Ltr. Warenabt. Kaufhaus N. Israel Berlin März
1933 zeitw. Festnahme durch SA, 1935 Teilh. N. Israel, 9! Febr
1939 Geschäftsübernahme durch Emil Köster AG März 1939
Emigr. GB, 1940 nach Haiti, Winter 1940/41 in die USA mit
Einwanderervisum. 1943-45 Tätigkeit in der Marktforschung
Spenden an das Wilfrid Israel House for Oriental Art im Kibb
Ha?orea.
W: Die Stellung des Textilgroßhandels in der Zeit der
Zwangswirtschaft in und nach dem Kriege (unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung des Webwarenhandels) (Diss.). I9'>6 L-
Reissner, H. G., The Histories of Kaufhaus N. Israel and of
Wiltrid Israel. In: Yearbook III, LBI London, 1958. Qu HGR
Pers. Publ. - RFJI. >=: • •
Israel, Wilfrid, Kaufhausunternehmer; geb II Juli 1899
London, gest. 1. Juni 1943; jüd.; G: ^ Herbert Israel; 00 led •
StA: bis 1941 deutsch, brit. Weg: 1939 GB.
Privatschule in Berlin, 1921-39 Angest., 1922-35 Geschäftsf
im Familienbetrieb Kaufhaus N. Israel, 1925 Einrichtung einer
betriebsinternen Schule für kaufm. Lehrlinge, Einstellung eines
Sozialarb. zur Betreuung von Angest., Verkaufsverbot für mil
Spielzeug; 1935 nach Tod des Vaters mit Bruder Herbert Israel
Inh. u. „Betriebsführer'* bis 14. Nov. 1935. 1920-40 Reisen
nach Palästina, Polen, Litauen, Indien, Ostasien u. in die
UdSSR, Sammler ostasiat. Kunst, Teiln. an wohltätigen Pro-
jekten der jüd. Gde., u.a. Unterstützung der Gesellschaft der
Freunde. Förderung der Öffentlichkeitsarb. des Berliner Anti-
Kriegsmuseums (-* Ernst Friedrich), der Siedlungspolitik von
Agro.Jomt in der UdSSR u. des Waisenhauses in Kaunas/Li-
tauen (späteres Kinderdorf Ben-Schemen/Palästina) 19'>7-28
Beteiligung an der Verlegung des Hebräischen Nationahhea-
ters nach Palästina, 1933 Mitgr. Zentralausschuß /lir Hilfe und
Au/bau. Reichsvertretung. 1933 Mitgr. Kinder- u. Jugend-Ali-
Jah. März u. Juni 1933 jeweils kurzzeitige SA-Haft 1937
Einzug des Reisepasses. Ab 1937 Dir. Hilfsverein. 1938 Einrich-
tung eines Hilfsausschusses, der sich für Freilassung ehem. An-
gest. aus dem KL Sachsenhausen u. für die Auswanderung jüd
Angest. nach Palästina einsetzte. 9. Febr. 1939 unter pol. Druck
Geschäftsübergabe an Emil Köster AG. Mai 1939 Emigr. GB
1939-40 Verbindungsmann zwischen RcgStellen u. jüd Unter-
stutzungs- u. Flüchtlingsorg, in GB, Wohltätigkcitsarb. u. Ein-
satz für Entlassung von Internierten, 1940 Resuch im Kibb Ha-
?orea/Paläsiina, Juni 1941 Mitgr. AJR, VorstMitgl ICA
1941-43 Berater der dt. u. jüd. Abt. im ausländ. Forschungs- u*
321
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PrcNscdicnst des Koval Inst, of Internal. Allairs in Oxford.
März-Juni 1943 i.A. der Jew. Agency nach Portugal u. Spanien.
Durchführung von Flüchtlingstransporien nach Palästina!
Febr. 1944 Vermittlung der Einreise von 750 Flüchtlingen nach
Palästina. Kam auf dem Flug von Lissabon nach London beim
Abschuß der Maschine durch dt. Luftwaffe um. - Ausz.: Durch
Kinder- u. Jugend-Alijah Errichtung des Wilfrid-Israel-Wohn-
heims im Kinderdorf Ben-Schemen, 1951 Eröffnung des Wil-
frid-Israel-Hauses für ostasiat. Kunst u. Studien in Kibb. Ha?o-
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L: Wijfrid Israel (Gedächtnisausg. mit Einführung von
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Kaufliaus N. Israel and of Wilfried Israel. In: Yearbook III,
LBI London, 1958; Bentwich, Norman, Jewish Youth Comes
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Italiener, Bruno, Dr. phil., Rabbiner; geb. 6. Febr. 1881 Burg-
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1938 Brüssel [?]), Kaufm., Emigr. B; Gustav (geb. 1884 Burg-
dorf, umgek. im Holokaust), Kaufm., Emigr. B, Dep.; oo 1910
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here Schule, Sekr. des Ehemannes; A'.- Gerty Ruth Ivor
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ter USA, A: New York; Hannah Irene Finburgh (geb.'l9l9
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London; 5//4.- deutsch ;brit. ^eg: \9?>9GH.
Ab 1899 Stud. Jüd.-Theol. Seminar Breslau, 1908 Rabbiner-
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zogtum Hessen, Einjähr.-Freiw., anschl. 1914-18 Feldrabbiner
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Buch Waffen im Ahwehrkampfi 1 920) beeinflußte die Auseinan-
dersetzung mit dem Antisemitismus. 1928-38 Rabbiner Tem-
pelverband der Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeinde Hamburg.
Jan. 1939 Emigr. GB über Brüssel, Unterstützung durch Chief
Rabbi's Emergency Fund u. Bloomshury House, 1939-41 Rabbi-
ner St. George Jew. Settlement Fast End/London, 1942-52
stellv. Rabbiner West London Syn., Beiträge in GdeZtg. Syn-
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Kisch, Breslauer Seminar. Qu: Arch. Hand. Pers Publ Z -
RFJI.
Jablonskl(.Jouhy), Ernest, Dr. phil., Sozialpädagoge, Hoch
schullehrer; geb. 29. Juli 1913 Berlin; jüd.; V: Ludwig Ja
blonski (geb. 1880, umgek. KL Theresienstadt), jüd., Kaulm.
DDP; A/. Annie.geb. Levy (1 88V- 1932), jüd.; « f. 1976 gewh.;*
II. 1976 Gudrun Jouhy, geb. Dressler (geb. 1931); A'. ^xt
(geb. 1945), A: F; Andre (geb. 1952); StA: deutsch, 1934 F.j
1952 deutsch. Weg: 1933 F; 1952 Deutschland (BRD).
Ab 1926 Mitgl. dt. -jüd. Wanderbund Kameraden u. nack
Spaltung 1931 Ltr. des aus ihm hervorgeg. Roten Fähnleins^.
1929-31 Reichsitr. Soziahstischer Schülerhund, 1931-33 Stud!
Pädagogik Univ. Berlin, Mitgl. Reichsitg. Rote Studentengnt^
pe. 1933 illeg. Tätigkeit, Aug. Emigr. nach Frankr., Stud. Psy-
chologie (Diplom, Docteur de l'universite de Paris), Soziologie
u. Statistik; Tätigkeit als Journ., Mitgl. FDJ Paris, 1939-41 In.
ternierung, im 2. WK in der Resistance (MOI); 1941-52 ux'
Ltr. eines Heimes für jüd. Flüchtlingskinder in Frankr, ab
1944 pädagog. Ltr. OSE Paris; 1952 Berufung zum Studicnllr.
der Odenwaldschule Oberhambach, ab 1969 Prof. Sozialpäd
Univ. Frankfurt/M., 1971 Mitgr. u. danach Ltr. Arbeitskreis
Bürgerinitiative (AKB). Lebte 1978 in Frankfurt/M. - Ausi^-
Med. de la Jeunesse et des Sports.
Qu: Fb. Hand. - IfZ.
Jacob, Benno, Dr. phil., Rabbiner; geb. 8. Sept. 1862 Breslau.
gest. 24. Jan. 1945 London; V: Kantor u. Lehrer in Schlesien;
oo Helene Stein; A; -* Ernest I. Jacob. Weg: 1938 GB.
1883-90 Stud. Jüd.-Theol. Seminar Breslau, 1889 Prom.
klass. Philologie u. Orientalistik Breslau; Religionslehrcr in
Breslau. 1886 Gr. Viadrana (erste jüd. StudOrg. an dt. Univ.X .
1906-29 Rabbiner in Dortmund, 1924 Doz. Lehrhaus Frank- 1
furt/M., 1929 Pensionierung, Übersiedlung nach Hamburg, -1
dort Stud. der Bibelexegese. Publizist. Eintreten gegen Aniisc- '
mitismus, Kritiker des Zionismus; Mitgl. Vereinigung der Libe-
ralen Rabbiner Deutschlands, VorstMitgl. CV. 1939 Emigr. GB
mit Unterstützung des brit. Oberrabbiners H. Hertz, 1939-49
Fortsetzung der Bibelstud., bes. des Pentateuch, Anhänger tc.Tt-
immanenter Interpretation, deshalb Ablehnung extremer Bibcl-
kritik. Mitarb. Inst, for Jew. Learning London.
W: s. Bibliographie in Meyer, H.C. (Hg.), Aus Geschichte
und Leben in Westfalen. 1962. Qu: EGL. Hand. Publ. - RFJI.
Jacob, Berthold (d.i. Salomon, Berthold Jacob), Publizist;
geb. 12. Dez. 1898 Berlin, gest. 26. Febr. 1944 Berlin; V: David
Salomon, jüd., Kunsthändler u. Seifenfabrikant, 1943 von Ge-
stapo verhaftet; M: Minna, geb. Rosenau; G: Gerhard
(1903-56), Ps. Hans Roger Madol, 1923 Ausw. F, DK, GB.
1949 USA, Schriftst.; Wolfgang, Bankfachmann, 1933 Emigr!
NL, nach 1945 USA; oo 1931 Else Lau (geb. 1898), Emigr. mit
Ehemann, 1937 Ausbürg., 1940 Internierung Gurs, 1941 Port^
1950 Rückkehr nach Deutschland (BRD); StA: deutsch]
25. Aug. 1933 Ausbürg. Weg: 1932 F; 1935 Deutschland, CH
F; 1941 E, Port., Deutschland.
Gymn.,ab 1914 kaufm. Lehre, 1917-18 Kriegsfreiw. (EK 11),
Hinwendung zum radikalen Pazifismus, ab 1920 Journ.; Mitgl!
Friedensbund der Kriegsteilnehmer. DEM, Deutsche Friedens-
gesellschaft. 1921-24 durch Vermittlung Kurt Tucholskys stän- •,
diger militärpol. Mitarb. Berliner Volkszeitung, 1924 Mitgr. Re-
publikanische Partei Deutschlands, ab 1925 Mitarb., kurzfristig'
Berliner Red. Das andere Deutschland u. 1925-26 Red. der Bei-
lage Warte für Menschenrechte (Organ der DEM); daneben^
Juni 1925-Herbst 1928 Mitarb. Die Weltbühne: mehrere Ver-
fahren wegen antimilitarist. Enthüllungsart., u.a. Dez. 1929 im
sog. Feme-Prozeß mit Carl von Ossietzky verurteilt, 1928-29
nach dem sog. Ponton-Prozeß 8 Mon. Festungshaft wegen ver-
suchten Landesverrats; 1926 Mithg. der Pressekorr. Zeit-Noti-
zen, deren Enthüllungen den Anstoß zum Rücktritt des Reichs-
wehrchefs General von Seeckt gaben. Ab 1928 kurzfristig Red.
der Monats/s. Der Krieg, anschl. Mitarb. u.a. bei Dortmunder
Generalanzeiger. Welt am Montag u. linkssozdem. Presse. 1928
trotz äußerst kritischer Haltung gegenüber sozdem. Politik Ein-
tritt in SPD, 1931 zurSAPD, Mitarb. Sozialistische Arbeiter-Zei-
tung. Juli 1932 in Erwartung von Verfolgungsmaßnahmen
durch Rechiskreise u. NatSoz. Emigr. nach Straßburg, Mitarb.
Siraßburgcr Neueste Nachrichten. La Republique. später auch
der Exilpresse, u.a. Die Neue Weltbühne. Pariser Tageszeitung.
Das Neue Lage-Buch. Mitgl. Verband deutscher Journalisten im
n
%
*>i
-■Ä
Julv 1^, 1984
Dear > Isa «^hepherd:
I am deUr^hted to have ^^ur klnd letter of June ?3 and rerret onlv that
I was unable to contact ^ou ^vhlle vour hook v,as still in manusnript. I would
hirüc that ^"Ilfrld Israelis ancestrv will not have Ween covered to the extent I dld
In the aeneabalnal research which produced t:he Information ^^u will find on the
ehclosed ables. I even doubl that -^ilfrid was aware of fhe verv distirulshed
anllies fother than the Zedier«?) which crowd those paqes. /ictuallv I dld no
orlalnal research at all, althouqh presumablv «^ore of he records have survlved
vrar and de«??ru-Mon, the Inforrt^a^lon comes s-)lelv from gecondan. sour-es whlrh
are represen ed bv the li'tle nurrbers under he rectanales. t" ..ou care ^o know
the sources, t ..,111 send you a llst. The >^eurrann-Oppenhelm renealoqlcalset
*!^/.?r!f!l®^ "°*^''' ^""^ "^^^^ ^^^ ^'"^ *^ ^'"«- ^* ^"-^^ Pleased rre to dlscover
that^ ilfred ^7as an ever-so-distant cousin by marriacre, ^ecause his deep Interest
m Klhbuz Hasorea is the prlmarv reason 'or mv Inerest in him. Hasorea was founded
as am T sure vou know, by members of the '''erkleute, the vouth nroup of which I
r.nirr'f ,^« ^^'r '2}^"''' ^' ' teenager. seriously conslderlna rolnn with those
p oneers to Palestlne. I dld not go but my verv close cousin Hilde '^rledlaender Kahn
dld and she is still Hvina there, now that the settlement is fifty years old. I lonn
to Visit her and her famlly, and see '"llfrld's art oollection. I have Foto-raphs
but not much more :han soire brle^ notes on how heautlful the place must be
1 folo ^^^,«^ historyof Hasorea, which surely must mentlDn -ilfrld, was pu'-llshed
in 198? or 199"^, but in Hebrew, and that an Fncllsh verslon was in preparatlon.
I have to look Into that, for I verv much want a copy.
M, Ij'l^^^^'^^ fsiTlly tree is hardly less Impressive than the -aternal one, as vou
will find when vou try to ^Ind your wav throuah all rhe branches. The sources vou u«?ed
for the maternal llnear-e are all known to me, but not the Israel fan-iw papers. Tortunatelv,
a qreat deal of qenealogical Information was pu^llshed In varlous (mostlv) German
monoaraphs and perlodlcals beiween 1^50 and 19^.9, and over the vears T discovered mu^h
which was use^ul in compllinp a number of aenealoalfes such as ■"mrnd'sy Jacob Jacobson
the lonn-tlme dlrector o' the -^.esar- ^archlv der Juden in Deutschland In Perlin, which
I consulted and whom I knew , pubUshed tT^^o absoluelv indispensable n,ono-raphs one
on the lists of Jewlsh Citizens of Ferlln and he oiher an Incredihle cold mine of famllv
Information, the reqls er of Jewish marriarres (ITiS-im) in whi-h each farrilv is trared
ack as far as posslKle. No wonder I seer- soo knowledaable: I copied a lo^ from these
sources, and had access to the man- published farlly hlstorles and local hI«5tories
-2-
I vlll certalnl'/ check the oenealoqlcal informaUon which vou provlde In vour
book if only to learn more, since 1 Is likelv you have Informalon I lack. That wav
we can help eacb other. I also doubt that short of presen Ina a real famllv hlstorv
publishers nowadavs would vanture to glve aU the datalls avallaHie. Yet it wnuid '
be verv deslrahle to pu^lish it in some form. The complete Neumann-Cppenhelm
se- of fables is in the Leo Paeck Ins^itute, whlch has all mv tahles (some 230
up to now) but It is easily available onlv to those who can vlsl^ the Institute
and untll t can alve them a hand wlth Indexina (rather than Just cataloqina) m'v
sets of tables, the researcher would have to know in advanc« where to look for
the Information. There is a still increasing interest in this vital patt of Jewish
social and cultural historv, so hopefullv somethinq can be done to rrake available
the immense amount informatton burled in the LBI collection of genealocries (over *
300 families are alreadv represented). I w^uld love to do more of this work, but
at aoe 65 I have my hands more than füll wlth aettina my own families' histories
and material organlzed and accessible (eventually it will also wind up at LPI)
\A^hen you deal wlth some 2500 family members, vou have a task before vou. I have
been at it seriously for over 30 years, and still find not enoughttime to conplete it.
I have ordered your ^ook from New York and will wite as soon aal have
seen and uead it. Fy own folder on VI is getting thicker all the tlme. ^ecentlv
I dlscovered that for a time he |:now Christopher Isherwood, wlio mentions him in
hl8 memoirs. and of course I saw "Cabaret-, a somewhat overblown presentation of
Berlin life as it was before 1933, and of which I still remember the last few seasons
Unfortunately, Hollywood has an incurable desire to "Improve" »atorv, and the real
•Ituatlon was not good enough for them. <?o there are distorions and feformulations
untll the characters become unrecognizable. Put then, much of the Perlin stories are
also Hetter fiction than facts. as usual, all the names are chanced to Protect the
guiltv. As historians, Professionals or not, we are bener o'^f sticl-ing to dorumenta^le
facts, even when they are undramatlc or unpleasant.
T remain.
'^incerelv yours.
10 Mordechai Caspi
North Talpioth
Jerusalem, Israel
June 25rd 108^1-
ot
i
Dear Mr Richter,
I must a^^ologise f or the delay in ansv/ering your letter
of Pebruary 26th. The above is my permanent address.
Thank you for of f er* ng your helT:>. In fact, the book v/as
published in London on Manch 8th and v/ill appear in Aupnist in
New Yor!:: A REPUGE FROM DARIvNESS: V/ILFRID ISRAEL AND THE
RESCUE OP TIIE JEV/S (Panthe'^n Books). I hone you will enjoy
readinp: it.
I am afraid you v/ill surely detect an error in the text
regarding V/ilfrid Israel 's genealogy, which crept in despitefche
fact that I provided a simplified vers'on of that very eomplex
maternal faraily tree. In the third line of the second chapter,
V/ilfrid Israelis vgreat uncle, Chief Rabbi Hermann Adler, is
referred to as Amy Israelis grandfather rather than as her uncle.
The error v/ill be corrected in further editions (if , as I hope,
there v/ill be such).
At all events, I should indeed t^e interested in seeing
V/ilfrid Israelis genealogy in your possession if it differs in
anv v/ay from mv ovm sources, v/hich v/ere a) Jev/ish Ghronicle, 190P,
publication on the Adler family b) Leo Baek Institute, NY,
Israel papers, for the Israel family tree - and other sources
mentioned in my footnotes. If you have any c^rrections to the
family tree v.^hich appears in the book (please remember that it is
simplified, as the ramif ications of the Adlers simply v/ould not
be accepted by the oublishers) , do nlease let me know.
\7ith all best v/ishes,
Yours sincere^y
Naomi Shepherd
[>
Sender
address
Jerusaler«^ Israel
nViwn
ivn
Code
ii|7'n place
« % w
W -
i\yö
M
un aärogramme contenant un objet quelconque sera transmis par vo^ de su^faie
an aerogramme containing any enclosure will be sent by surface
)k
Visit isroel-themifocie onthe mediterfoneon
by Qirmoil i'iih ihit aerogramme tiih m^'«
John Henry Echter
P.O.Box 7^78
Ann Arbor, Michip-an
USA
ri9
I
j^ljuul Israel m>2s Xynrm
inj'Tj.M
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mfiymmm^^m^
DIE ZWEITE GENERATION
W A som
MITTELEUROPÄISCHER SIEDLER
IN ISRAEL
von
MARGARETE TURNO>X^SKY-PINNER
Mit l Karte und 10 Abbildungen
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J. C. B. MOHR (PAUL SIEBECK) TÜBINGEN
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86 Gruppen- und Einzelsiedler
war durch Sorgen und das Gefühl der Fremdheit im Dorf, das sie bei
aller Bereitschaft nicht überwinden konnte, so getrübt, daß sie schließ-
lich die nun Sechzehnjährige drängte, sich einem Kibbuz anzuschließen.
Dort begann eine ungewöhnliche Entwicklung des Mädchens. Ihr
früh erwachtes Interesse an Pflanzen führte sie zu einem Jugendführer,
der heute als hervorragender Botaniker bekannt ist, und durch ihn
lernte sie, Pflanzen exakt zu beobachten und sich durch Bücher weiter-
zubilden. Nach einer Militärzeit im Weltkriege wurde sie mit der
Leitung der Baumsdiule in einer großen landwirtschaftlichen Schule
betraut und ging den so gewählten Weg weiter. Auf Grund eines
UNESCO-Stipendiums lernte sie Botanik und Gartenbau in der besten
Gartenbausdiule Englands, dann in Italien, in Holland und später, mit
Hilfe ihrer Familie, in Argentinien. Sie leitet jetzt den Lehrgarten in
einem landwirtschaftlichen Institut, hält Vorträge vor Gärtnern und
schreibt Artikel über botanische Fragen.
Jokneam
In Jokneam, am Westrand des Emek Jesreel, hatte die PLDC
(Palestlne Development Company) Böden erworben. Unter den
ersten Siedlern, die 1935 dorthin gingen, waren 6 aus Deutsch-
land neu eingewanderte mittelständische Familien. Sie brachten
Kapitalien von mindestens 1000 LP mit und waren schon vor der
Auswanderung oder in Palästina landwirtschaftlich geschult -
manche nadi einem abgebrodienen Hochschulstudium. Von diesen
6 Familien hat keine einzige den Ort verlassen, obgleich - oder ge-
rade weil - der Siedlungsbeginn hier ungewöhnlidi schwer und ge-
fahrvoll war.
Durch Vermittlung der Ansiedlungsstelle der Hitachduth Olej Ger-
mania erwarben die Siedler als Privatbesitz Bodenflächen von 12 Vs
oder 1 8 ^'2 Dunam und errichteten Wohnhäuser, die nicht übertrieben
groß, aber darum teuer waren, weil die Wände kugelfest sein muß-
ten. Denn Jokneam war rings von feindlich eingestellten Arabern
umgeben. Der Boden war aus der Hand von arabischen Latifundien-
Besitzern erworben worden, die in Städten des Landes oder im Aus-
land lebten und ihren Grundbesitz von Fellachen bearbeiten ließen.
Zwölf Dörfer und ihre mitteleuropäischen Siedler
87
Diese aber weigerten sich, die verkauften Böden, die sie seit Gene-
rationen bebauten, zu verlassen. Der Weg zu den fast eine Stunde
von den Wohnhäusern entfernten Bergparzellen, welche die neuen
Siedler mit Obstbäumen bepflanzten, führte mitten durch Land, das
Araber bearbeiteten. So gab es ununterbrochen Klagen von beiden
Seiten: von den jüdischen Siedlern, weil die Fellachen ihre Ziegen-
herden in die jungen Pflanzungen trieben, von den Fellachen, weil
jüdische Wagen von dem schmalen Pfad abwichen und die Felder da-
durch schädigten. Katastrophal wurde die Situation während der
arabischen Unruhen von 1936-39. Nur einem glücklichen Zufall war
es zu danken, daß damals Jokneam nicht wie das benachbarte Kir-
jat Charoschet das Opfer von Mordbrennern wurde. Aber durch all
diese Jahre mußten die Siedler, um sich und ihren Besitz zu schützen,
bewaffnete Schutzleute, die gemeinsam mit ihnen die Wache hielten,
besolden, weil die Mandatsregierung im ganzen Ort nur einem ein-
zigen Mann das Recht gab, eine Waffe zu tragen.
Im zweiten Weltkrieg wurde die Situation leichter, doch trat ein
eigentlicher Umschwung und damit die Möglichkeit für eine gesunde
Wirtschaftsentwicklung erst im Jahre 1945 ein. Damals erwarb der
Keren Kajemet - durch das ständige Drängen eines der deutsch-
jüdischen Siedler dazu bewogen, von seinem Grundsatz abzugehen,
keine Böden aus jüdischem Besitz zu kaufen - die gesamte Boden-
fläche des heutigen Jokneam. Die Fellachen wurden umgesiedelt,
und der Boden in glücklicher Art verteilt. Die ersten Siedler über-
gaben dem Keren Kajemet ohne Entschädigung die von ihnen früher
gekauften Böden und wurden dafür - ebenso wie alle anderen An-
fangssiedler und so wie die dort später Angesiedelten - mit einer
Bodenfläche von 55 Dunam Erbpaditland ausgestattet: 5 */2 Dunam
neben dem Hause oder am Berghang, 30 Dunam bewässerbarer und
ca. 15 Dunam unbewässerter Getreideboden im Emek Jesreel.
1946 erfolgte dann durch Zusammenarbeit des Keren Kajemet,
der Abteilung für Mittelstandskolonisation der Jewish Agency, der
RASSCO und Jokneams selbst ein erhebliclier Ausbau, bei dem 12
neue Familien aus Deutschland, Exsoldaten, Landarbeiter und junge
I
1^
\l
'it
88
Gruppen- und Einzclsieäler
i '
Im ; I
• I
Menschen aus dem Kreis der Jugendali ja in den Ort kamen. 1950
wurden in dem mit Jokneam verbundenen Manzura Familien aus
dem Kreis der Geretteten des Krieges und der Konzentrationslager
angesiedelt, unter ihnen wieder 16 Mitteleuropäer, so daß Jokneam
heute unter seinen Siedlern 38 mitteleuropäische Familien zählt.
Trotz dieser großen Zahl gehört Jokneam nicht zu den Orten, in
denen mitteleuropäische Siedler das Gesicht des Platzes bestimmen.
Denn das Dorf, das in einer halben Stunde von Haifa aus erreichbar
und mit diesem durch 20 Autobusse an jedem Wodientage verbun-
den ist, entwickelte sich zu einem Wohnzentrum für städtische Ar-
beiter und Angestellte. Neben den 70 Siedlerfamilien leben dort
etwa 80 Familien mit bürgerlichen Berufen, die schon in den Jahren
vor der Staatsgründung ins Land gekommen waren, und in einem
hochgelegenen neuen Wohnviertel 500 Familien der letzten Alija,
überwiegend Orientalen.
So bilden Siedler aus Deutschland in dem großen Ort eine Minder-
heit, und ihre Gruppe ist uneinheitlich: die ersten sechs sind weit
älter als die 1946 und 1950 Angesiedelten und sind höher gebildet.
Die späteren wurden durdi Verfolgung und Krieg als kleine Kinder
aus ihren Familien herausgerissen, und viele beendeten nicht einmal
die Volksschule. Auch wenn sie ursprünglich aus ähnlichem Milieu
stammten, hat das Leben sie weit auseinander geführt und ihr Den-
ken mit sehr verschiedenen Erinnerungen erfüllt. Dazu sind die älte-
ren Siedler, die trotz der harten Arbeit noch die Kraft zu öffentlicher
Tätigkeit aufbrachten, und denen es vielleicht gelungen wäre, die un-
gleichen Gruppen zusammenzufassen, durch die Fürsorge für die
orientalischen Familien absorbiert, die hier zuerst in Übergangslagern
und jetzt im neuen Wohnviertel wohnen. Doch wurden sie durch ihre
Erfahrung und den Aufbau von kommunalen und wirtschaftlichen
Zentral-Institutionen für die später Gekommenen zu wichtigen
Helfern. Sie konnten ihnen manchen Umweg ersparen, den sie selber
mit Opfern an Kraft und Mitteln bezahlen mußten.
"""^
Zwölf Dörfer und ihre niitttld'.ropMSchcn Siedler
69
Die zweite Generation
Die 1946 und 1950 in Jokneam angesiedelten mitteleuropäischen
Einwanderer haben verhältnismäßig viele Kinder, aber mit wenigen
Ausnahmen sind diese noch vorsdiul- oder volksschulp-lichtig.
Anders die Kinder der ersten. Es gibt in Jokneam drei selbstän-
dige Wirtschaften in der Hand von Mitteleuropäern der zweiten Ge-
neration - nicht Siedlerkinder, aber zur Landwirtschaft übergegan-
gene Kinder aus der Gruppe der Nichtlandwirte in Jokneam.
4 Söhne aus Siedlerfamilien arbeiten nach Besuch von Landwirt-
schaftsschulen schon in der väterlichen Wirtschaft. Ein fünfter Sied-
lersohn, der in Jokneam wohnte, aber es verlassen wollte, wurde
Lastwagenchauffeur.
Von den 6 Söhnen in der Berufsvorbereitung haben 2, die jetzt
beim Militär sind, Landwirtschaftsschulen beendet, 2 besuchen sie
noch. 2 andere sind in Haifaer Handwerkerschulen, der eine, tech-
nisch besonders begabt, um hier seinen Beruf zu finden, der zweite
im. Gedanken, trotz beendeter Fachschule zu siedeln. Die heraniie-
wachscnen Söhne werden also vorausslditlich fast durchweg die
Höfe der Eltern übernehmen oder neue Wirtschaften begründen,
und da sich die Kleineren an den Alteren zu orientieren pflegen, ist
anzunehmen, daß auch von den Kindern der jungen mitteleuropä-
ischen Sicdlerfamilien viele Söhne Landwirte werden - vorausge-
setzt, daß die ökonomische Situation der Landwirtschaft bis zu ihrer
Berufsentscheidung etwa gleichbleibt.
Anders ist es hier, wie in den meisten Dörfern, mit der Berufswahl
der Siedlertöchter. Eine Tochter ist im Kibbuz verheiratet, vier jün-
gere besuchen die Aufbauschulen: zwei ein Haifaer Gymnasium, eine
eine Schwesternschule, die vierte die Haifaer WIZO-Haushalts- und
Handwerksschule.
Schadmot-Dwora
30 von den etwa 40 Siedlern in Schadmot-Dwora (am Fuß des
Berges Tabor) sind mitteleuropäischer Herkunft. Die ersten zwölf
\
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124
Mitteleuropäische Einwanderer im Kibb
uz
verlassen, weil das Lehrerseminar religiöser Ricluung mühelos von
Jawne aus zu erreichen ist.
Der Bedarf an Volksschullehrern ist groß, denn im Kibbuz wurde
eine zentrale Regierungs- Volksschule religiöser Richtung eingerich-
tet, die neben den Kindern aus Jawne auch Sdbüler aus 2 religiösen
Dörfern des gleidien Bezirks besuchen.
Bis zu ihrem 14. Jahre bearbeiten die Kibbuzkinder eine geson-
derte Kinderwirtschaft. Mit 15 und 16 Jahren leisten sie dann täg-
lich einen zweistündigen Hilfsdienst in der allgemeinen Wirtschaft,
und in den obersten zwei Klassen lernen sie halbjährig und arbeiten
halbjährig voll mit. Es ist eine Form, die auch andere Kibbuzim
wählten, nur daß die Zahl der Unterrichtsstunden in dem religiösen
Kibbuz während der Lernsemester bis zu 10 Stunden täglidi an-
steigt.
Jawne erhält seine eigene Aufbauschule, obwohl im Jahre 1 957/58
die 11. Klasse ausfallen mußte und in den 3 übrigen Klassen insge-
samt nur 35 Schüler waren. Es wird versucht, drei Ziele zu erreichen:
die Erziehung zu religiöser Tendenz und Bildung, die Erziehung
zum Humanismus und die Hochbewertung der Landwirtschaft und
des Kibbuzlebens. Die geringe Schülerzahl führte dazu, daß hier,
entgegen dem Braudi in anderen religiösen Mittelsdiulen, Jungen
und Mädchen zusammen unterrichtet werden - mit bestem Erfolg;
denn Mädchen stehen nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen auch in den
jüdischen Fäc4iern in keiner Weise den Jungen nadi.
Wie der Weg der Jugend weitergeht, ist noch nidit zu übersehen.
In den ersten Jahrgängen verließen 4 Töditer den Kibbuz, weil die
meisten Mädchen beschlossen hatten, Krankenschwestern zu werden,
aber der Kibbuz nur eine von ihnen als Schwester besdiäftigen
konnte. Diese 4 Ausscheidenden gehörten zu den ersten Kindern,
die im Kibbuz geboren wurden und hier wie überall wird gesagt,
daß diese ersten Kinder durch den Mangel an gleichaltrigen Gefährten
gelitten hatten und darum einen irregulären Weg einschlagen. Von
den Jüngeren der zweiten Generation hat eine Tochter in einen reli-
giösen Moschaw geheiratet, blieb also dem Beruf und der geistigen
ti.
i
Vier Kibhitzim
125
Richtung treu, und einige Söhne gingen In den jungen Misrachi-
Kibbuz „Saad", setzten also, obwohl sie Jawne verließen, die reli-
giöse Kibbuzbewegung fort.
Bei den Jüngsten ist das Festhalten am Heimatkibbuz zu erwar-
ten, weil inzwischen eine ihnen gleichaltrige Gruppe der Jugend-
alija dort aufgenommen wurde, so daß sie nicht mehr isoliert sind.
Daß diese Kinder von Jawne von dem gleidien Stolz wie jedes
andere Kibbuzkind auf ihre Gemeinschaft und die Kibbuzbewegung
als solche erfüllt sind, zeigt sich deudidi bei dem Versuch, Gleich-
altrige aus Kwuzat Jawne mit städtischen Kindern der israelisdien
religiösen Jugendbewegung BneAkiba in Sommerlagern zusammen-
zubringen. Die Kibbuzkinder, trainiert im Gruppen- und Land-
leben, sind nidit nur bei jedem Wettspiel weitaus überlegen; sie sind
stolz auf ihre Lebensform, die ja in allen Jugendbewegungen und
von allen Jugendführern den Stadtkindern als das ideale Ziel darge-
stellt wird.
Hasorea
Von gleich starken geistigen Impulsen, wenn auch einer Geistig-
keit ganz anderer Art wie der besprochene Kibbuz des Hapoel Ha-
misrachi bestimmt und diesem in Größe und wirtschaftlichem Auf-
tau ähnlich, ist das dem Kibbuz Arzi (Haschomer Hazair) ange-
schlossene Hasorea, am Rande des Emek Jesreel gelegen.
Auch Hasorea ist eine Gründung von Chaluzim aus Deutschland,
einer 1933 eingewanderten Gruppe der „Werkleute", der sich all-
mählidi Menschen aus anderen Landsmannschaften anschlössen, dar-
unter zwei geschlossene Gruppen: die eine aus Bulgarien, die zweite
aus Tripolitanien. Heute sind noch immer 60 ^^o aller Genossen
mitteleuropäischer Herkunft und Leben und Denken des Kibbuz
wird von ihnen bestimmt.
3 Jahre lang saß der allmählich wachsende Kern dieser Gruppe
bei Chedera, bis er im Jahre 1936 auf dem Boden im Emek Jesreel
angesiedelt wurde. Die Genossen, fast alle noch vor der Auswande-
rung auf verschiedenen Lchrgütern zur Landwirtschaft vorbereitet
I
126
Mitteleuropäische Einwanderer im Kihbuz
'> I
n
ff!
ii
fli
'ii
'*•]
1 1
und zum Gemeinschaftsleben entschlossen, waren durch Gedanken
Gustav Landauers, A. D. Gordons und Martin Bubers bestimmt.
Diese führten sie zum Klbbuz, doch nicht unbedingt zum Haschomer
Hazair, und so zögerten sie lange, ob sie sich dem Klbbuz Meuchad
oder dem Haschomer Hazair anschließen sollten. Daß sie sich
schließlich - Im Jahre 1939 - zu diesem entschlossen, war offenbar
durch mehrere Momente bestimmt: ein äußerlldies, die Nachbar-
schaft des Haschomer Hazair-Kibbuz Misdimar Haemek, welter
durch die Neigung zum „kleinen" Klbbuz mit strenger Selektion
neu eingefügter Genossen und durdi die ideologische Überzeugung,
die sie schließlich zum Haschomer Hazair führte. Hasorea hat auch
heute nidit mehr als 250 Genossen und eine Bewohnerzahl von ca.
500 Menschen.
Hasorea Ist ein fast ausschließlich landwlrtsdiaftlidier Klbbuz.
Seine Hauptwirtschaftszweige sind Obstpflanzungen, für die das
Bergland an den Ausläufern des Karmel besonders geeignet ist,
Blumenzucht, Hühnerzucht, Getreidebau und Karpfenzucht in
großen, künstlich angelegten Fischteichen. Sein einziger Industrie-
betrieb Ist eine Möbeltischlerei, die für den Klbbuz selbst und auf
Bestellung Kleinmöbel herstellt.
Als ein von Chaluzim aus Deutschland aufgebauter und noch
heute bestimmter Klbbuz entwickelte sich Hasorea vorsichtiger als
die meisten Kollektivsledlungen des Landes. Erst jetzt Ist dort ein
großer Speise- und Versammlungssaal erbaut worden, dessen Finan-
zierung durch die persönlichen Entschädigungen der Genossen aus
Deutschland möglich wurde. So wurden hier auch erst vor ganz kur-
zem für älteste und verdiente Genossen neue Wohnhäuser errichtet:
anderthalb Zimmerwohnungen, also ohne Schlafraum für die Kin-
der, auf deren Gemeinschaftserziehung man im Hasdiomer Hazair
unbedingter als in anderen Klbbuzbewegungen besteht. Da die
Wohnhäuser von Hasorea auf felsigem Boden stehen, wird die In
allen Kibbuzim üblldie Anlage gemeinsamer Gartenflädien und der
Hausgärten hier zu einer Landsdiaftsgärtnerei, die Sprengung von
Felsen, vorsichtige Führung von Pfaden, Zufuhr von Rasenerdc,
>*
i
!%
\
l
Vier Kibhtizim
117
Schonung von Wildpflanzen und Pflanzung neuer Zwiebelgewächse
verlangt. Sie wird von einem der Genossen mit sparsamen Mitteln
und großer Kunst ausgeführt.
Es ist für die geistige Rlditung Hasoreas kennzeichnend, daß die-
ser Genosse, einer der ersten, die aus Deutschland einwanderten, zu-
gleich die Verantwortung für das Kulturzentrum hat, das aus einer
Stiftung Wilfried Israels erbaut und nach ihm benannt wurde - ein
kleines Museum mit Wanderausstellungen und einer Sammlung
kunstgewerblicher und künstlerlsdier Kleinarbeiten früherer Jahr-
hunderte, von Wilfried Israel begonnen und vom Klbbuz fortge-
setzt. Es ist ebenso kennzeichnend, daß die Frau dieses Genossen,
die vor der Auswanderung mit einer akademischen Bibliothekar-
Ausbildung begonnen hatte, dann Im Klbbuz 10 Jahre lang seine
Pflanzungen leitete und jetzt nach Absolvierung eines Kibbuz-
Schnelderkurses verantwortlich In der Schneiderei arbeitet, zugleich
die Bibliothek von Hasorea verwaltet, die 8000 Bände in hebrä-
ischer, englischer und deutscher Sprache umfaßt.
Die zweite Generation
Hasorea hat rund 230 Kinder. Von ihnen waren Anfang 1958
erst 3 voll erwachsen: Töchter, die ihre jungen Männer von außen
mit in den Kibbuz zogen. 30 junge Genossen waren beim Militär-
dienst. Von den vom Militär Zurückkehrenden sind einige dafür be-
stimmt, das Lehrerseminar „Oranim" bei KIrjat Amal zu besuchen.
Es ist eine ausgezeichnete Lehranstalt mit 430 Schülern, darunter
Schüler des Musik- und Zeichenseminars der Kibbuzim, Schüler von
hochsdiulartigen Kursen für Lehrer In Aufbauklassen und Lehrer in
„Auffrischungskursen". Das Seminar wird von einem der Genossen
aus Hasorea geleitet.
Etwa 140 unter den Kindern des Kibbuz waren noch unter 12
Jahren. 60 waren zwisdien 12 und 18 Jahren. Da die nötige Kinder-
zahl für die einzelnen Gruppen und Klassen fehlte, wurden diese
60 in dem nahen Mischmar Haemek miterzogen. Nur Arbeltsdienst
und Arbeitsschulung erfolgen in Hasorea selbst.
i\
I
Volume XXXIX No. 6, June 1984
£1 (To non-members)
Ronald Stent
A REAL SCARLET PIMPERNEL
The Life of Wilfrid Israel
On June 1 1943 Imperial Airways Flight 777 left
Lisbon homeward bound for London. Two of its
passengers had met some time before its take-ofT.
One was a well-known actor — the epitome of the
languid British aristocrat, but in reality a
Rumanian Jew; the other an Anglo-German Jew
virtually unknown to the wide world. One is said
to have exclaimed to the other: 'I have only played
the part of the Scarlet Pimpernel but you were the
Scarlet Pimpernel!' A few hours later both were
dead; drowned in the sea.
The Story of the death of Leslie Howard became
a Second World War legend: How there had been
a thick-set man in a siren suit among the passen-
gers of that ill-fated plane, made up to resemble
and act as a decoy for Churchill, due back from
North Africa; how the Germans were determined
to shoot him down in mid-flight; and how the lives
of Leslie Howard and of the other passengers and
crew had been deliberately sacrificed to ensure the
Prime Minister's safe passage on a later plane.
Few people knew at the time and even now, 40
years on, not many Jews — let alone the world at
large — realise that among those passengers was an
important German Jew with a British passport,
the unsung saviour of many Jewish lives, working
very much in the shadows, returning from an
errand of mercy— Wilfrid Israel.
Many people knew him slightly, often knew
only one aspect of this man whom a friend had
called 'a set of Chinese boxes\ Even his intimate
friends rarely knew all the angles and depths of
this most complicated human being. Telling the
Story of the real Wilfrid Israel was very much
overdue and Naomi Shepherd, a British-born
Journalist living in Israel, has at last done it; and a
very splendid, thoroughly researched book it is.
(Wilfrid Israel — German-Jewry's Secret Amhas-
sador. Weidenfeld, i\2.95).
Those of US who grew up in pre-Nazi Berlin well
Wilfrid Israel
remember that splendiferous Victorian edifice,
opposite the Red Rathaus, the emporium of N.
Israel, founded by Wilfrid's great-grandfather
over 1 50 years ago as a purveyor of fine linen and
fabrics. It had grown into one of Berlin's leading
department Stores, employing over 2000 people
and was known not only for the quality of its
merchandise but also for the excellence of its staflT
relations.
Decades before those two British Jews, Simon
Marks and Israel Sieff pioneered a social con-
science among enlightened employers and intro-
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
The Annual General Meeting will t^e place
on Thursday, 12 July 1984, at 7.45 pm at
Hannah Karminski House, 9 Adamson
Road, London NW3.
The evening will combine the Annual
General Meeting with a meeting of the
Board. The members of the Board have
already received individual invitations to
attend.
We wish to devote part of the time on this
occasion to consider and discuss in some
detail changes necessary in the Association's
functions so that in the years ahead we can
provide Services designed to meet the needs
of cur Community.
In view of the importance of the matters
to be considered we have decided not to
invite an outside Speaker to address us this
year, but hope to resume this practice next
year.
We look forward to a particularly good
attendance at this important meeting.
duced into retailing all kinds of stafTamenities, the
Israels had provided sickness insurance for the
staflf, in addition to the rudimentary social security
System introduced by Bismarck. They had granted
their people extra pensions, gave them long
Weekends ofT, financed recreational staff facilities,
such as Sports clubs and dramatic societies. N.
Israel was the first and the most benevolent of the
Jewish department störe dynasties, such as Tietz
and Wertheim, and the last to be finally snufTed
out by the Nazis.
On his mother's side the pedigree is equally
impressive. His great grandfather, who was born
in Hannover (at a time before Victoria's accession
Don Y miss:
Daughters Speak Up page 8
Letters Galore page 4
Segall Tributes page 6
Queen's Award page 5
Page 2
AJR INFORMATION JUNE 1984
A REAL SCARLET PIMPERNEL
to the throne when both Britain and Hannover
shared the same sovereign) became Chief Rabbi of
England. Although Wilfrid's mother hved in
Berhn for all her married life and spoke German
fluently, she never lost her inclination to the life of
an English grandedame. She insisted that the birth
of her first child take place in London. Thus it
came about that Wilfrid was British born. Yet for
most of his life he was a conscious German
national, until towards his premature end, his
British passport became invaluable.
From early youth Wilfrid developed into a
complex character, a multifaceted human being,
making different impressions on different people
at different times of his life. Three traditions
sustained him, the German, the Jewish and the
English, often pulling him in different directions.
He could be at times articulate and sociable, but
more often was introvert, shy, shunning the lime-
light and was at his best when operating behind the
scenes, allowing others to take credit for his work.
But the book makes it abundantly clear that
beneath all that reticence there burnt a deep,
humanitarian passion for his fellow human beings,
which after 1933 increasingly focussed on saving
as many Jews as possible from the Nazis' clutches.
Wilfrid Israel was brought up in the Jap of that
luxury which a number of rieh Berlin Jews enjoyed
during the Wilhelminian era: a mansion in the
Tiergarten district, liveried servants, an elegant
social life. Yet as a youngster he became, and
remained for the rest of his life, a moderate
socialist. Untypically for somebody of his back-
ground and intellect, his education was patchy. He
never went to university and when he finally
entered the family emporium as heir apparent, he
did so without any prior training for a top
executive in a major retailing Organisation.
Relief work
From then onwards he managed to combine
full-time employment in the family firm with active
involvement in the problems of the world, in
particular relief work under the auspices of the
League of Nations— travelling extensively in
Poland and the Baltic States, assisting Nansen
relief projects in Russia, paying the first of his
many visits to Palestine as well as to the USA and
the Far East. From there he brought back an
abiding interest in oriental artefacts and began to
build up a remarkable collection, part of which
was destroyed during the London Blitz, but most
of which is now on display at the HaZorea
Kibbutz in Israel, of which he had been one of the
original Sponsors. In his spare time he was a
sculptor of no mean talent and one gains the
impression from reading the book and talking to
people who knew him as their N. Israel boss, that
if he had not been imbued with such a strong
moral imperative, he would have best liked to lead
the life of a cultured amateur aesthete. But for
somebody like Wilfrid Israel that never was an
Option.
He was always particularly interested in young
people. In later years the rescue of endangered
Jewish children became his main preoccupation.
Idealistic, intense adolescents attracted him. In the
early nineteen thirties he became involved with just
such a group, the Werkleute, an outcrop of the
German-Jewish youth movement, the Kameraden
who by then had split up into the Schwarze
Faehnlein on the right and the Werkleute on the
left. They were socialists who only after 1933
turned to Palestine and eventually with his help
established their own Kibbutz, HaZorea.
However, his friends were by no means all Jews.
One of them was Christopher Isherwood, whose
Portrait of Bernhard Landauer in 'Goodbye
Berlin' is supposedly, and rather unfairly, based
on Wilfrid. Isherwood himself later wrote: 'Chris-
topher suspected Wilfrid was a severely repressed
homosexual and that as such he condemned Chris-
topher for his aggressive frankness about his own
sex life.'
From 1933 onwards Wilfrid became increas-
ingly involved in working for the Jewish Commun-
ity, toiling behind the scenes for such organisa-
tions as the Hilfsverein, the Reichsvertretung, the
Jewish Agency and Youth Aliyah, travelling con-
stantly on his British passport. He became the
friend and confidant of such people as Einstein
(who later described him as 'one of the finest and
most noble individuals I have personally known'),
Martin Buber, Leo Baeck and Max Warburg.
Beaten up
Amongst his Christian friends were the enig-
matic Adam Trott zu Solz, and George Bell,
Bishop of Chichester and our guardian angel in
this country. He also established a useful relation-
ship with such leading Anglo-Jewish families as
the Rothschilds, the Samuels and the Laskis. He
constantly tangled with the Nazi authorities, being
arrested by the Gestapo several times, once being
beaten up and always escaping incarceration in a
KZ by a whisker.
He could have so easily taken himself perma-
nently from Nazi Berlin to a secure and elegantly
comfortable life in London, but Naomi Shepherd
makes it abundantly clear that it would have been
wholly out of character. It was not only the
gathering assault on German Jewry at large which
demanded so much of his time, but even more so
the daily, sometimes petty, obstacles which from
1933 onwards N. Israel faced, as the vice gradually
and inexorably tightened. His father Berthold had
become frail. Together with his brother Herbert,
Wilfrid was now virtually running the firm, resist-
ing all pressures to seil out or close down, prima-
rily in order to protect the livelihood of their many
Jewish employees, whom they were often helping
financially and for whom they were slowly finding
havens abroad.
Wilfrid had never been a card-carrying Zionist.
His involvement with Palestine was that of a
sincere sympathiser, interested in the socialist
agricultural Settlements.
He had been the first to warn the British
authorities of the Nazi plans for mass deportations
and, even before Riegner in Geneva, spoke of
'impending extermination and annihilation'.
It was he who, even before the Kristallnacht,
urged the British government through his contacts
at the Foreign Office to open a transit camp for
refugees, which in January 1939 led to the opening
of the Kitchener Camp. He was also instrumental
in getting young land workers admitted to
England for training for Palestine. He constantly
bombarded the High Commissioner for Refugees
in Geneva to find more havens for the refugees.
Through his contacts in the USA he laboured in
vain for an easement of the inflexible quota
System.
Wilfrid had also been involved in the tortuous
and ultimately fruitless negotiations with the
Nazis that went on for years, first with Schacht,
then with Wohltat, to facilitate and finance
emigration by increased German exports, for
which the intending emigrant would pay in marks
and then receive reimbursement abroad from the
purchasers— a scheme which always came to grief
on the rock of the world-wide Jewish boycott of
German goods.
He constantly travelled in and out of Germany
and finally left for London on 26 August, and then
only because he had been warned that he was
about to be interned.
Innumerable obstacles
From the outbreak of the war until his death in
1943 he toiled in the interests of the Jews under
Nazi dominion and of those beached in this
country, mostly anonymously, rarely surfacing
into the limelight. He faced innumerable obstacles,
the internecine disagreements within the Jewish
hierarchy, Weizmann, Shertok, Goldmann, the
Jewish Agency, the various American bodies, all at
odds with each other on basic principles as well as
detailed steps. He also tilted all the time against
the reluctance of the British government to do
more for the stranded Jews or to commit them-
selves to a coherent post-war policy. It took
months until Wilfrid, with his unique contacts and
experiences, was even offered a semi-official Posi-
tion, and even then only a lowly job in the German
Section of Chatham House evacuated to Balliol
College.
When mass internment began in the spring of
1940 he interceded with the Home Office on behalf
of the interned refugess and visited their camps,
but his main preoccupation continued to be the
rescue of children. Early in 1943 Britain at last
agreed that the 33,00 odd Palestine Immigration
certificates which had remained unused from the
1939 White Paper final batch of 50,000 could be
used for the rescue of European Jews. Wilfrid
persuaded the Jewish Agency to send him to
Lisbon to investigate the chances and the Channels
to bring at least 1 ,000 children out of Vichy France.
He also carried in his pocket 200 certificates for
Jews who had managed to reach Lisbon. He was
returning from this mission, which was intended to
be the first of many, when he lost his life.
Naomi Shepherd's book is fascinating from
beginning to end. It does not always reflect credit
on the various Jewish bodies involved. Nor does it
entirely succeed in presenting an integrated,
recognisable human being from such a kaleido-
scope of character facets. That may be an impos-
sible task in Wilfrid Israel's case. It contains a few
minor, but niggling mistakes, but can be highly
recommended all the same.
Perhaps the Psalmist's supplication is the most
fitting epithet for Wilfrid: *Deliver Israel, oh God,
out of its troubles'.
f'
■' -y-^ ■ ^\^.' ^y, )J^ ■ V«' "f ||^ •„ vi^'
uily, llic
Ml to thc
' prosti-
vl-lookins»
Micidcnly
shoiUcd:
iiic mcni-
>litical in-
inflatioii
known lo
'iv ruin of
ihc immc-
y all thus
' rsecutcd,
ni|)lc\ the
phcrc of
cwspapcr
canie out
intcnscly
'iit of cm-
1^' a polit-
. the Nazis
iy which
^d niiddlc
iie Polish
uistocrats
V* survival
i lUs and
struggle,
vind the
I he Jews
• ^ts, wcre
iit woocd
1 staunch
>t into a
l^romised
üve them
nportant.
Cicrniany
V LT niore
»HM»*- •<
day at 'Ins R e en wltre ,^'''1 "T?' ^''''^" ^'^ ^'^'^ °" holi-
Jay süc.chcxl on (hc Lc e,i ,n hr'^i H ^''"''" '" "'^'^ '^""'''■^ds
iiearcl ordcrs raDDcd nnf . '^ .'''■"^^'"S «""' sometimes we
ec.,cs skirS thTsw"^ .^ ^s! ^'t"" '" ''''''' ^'^«^^
like cxcciitioncrs wiifino f V Troopcrs wcrc training
of Bavarian so t /oa S\ ! d",''^^^?^ '" "^'-^^f »he singing
wlio l,ad a power of sncorh «,^ \ ^ °! '''" '''^^''' ^'""^ ^ustria,
a plan of „c,i„„ ri: TS Sn'Sfe "e'zTd'ie/ °''"'"'"«
cvQ„l Which hc seemcd (o anliciSe as -Sn Sf™»"^-?"
Said, should dose ,hdr tasincsseS ^o o„™ „ le'sS i°
rii;-'- ----'-■ =ä:: Ve rSeS°ä
and^PSiä'dt\SToSoT:^:e'lYTh'"--^^^
lliienced die ihcatcc Ihc now] T, ■ ^ett Ti,,^ ^„,1^^^ .^_
painciag. So greafwis' he"r 'in^'^ JSo'l.r.To"'"* H^""
and were opposed ,„ ,he <rea>n,c'n,Voel^;™;1h^^ier£
1 was opposed to ako Pn^cMw r-^ ^ . -^ ^iiics, wnicn
the Naz. program and a good dcal of the literature of Goebbel
Ji9
.V
RS
February 25, 1984
Vlss Naomi Shepherd
o/o Jones
10 V'aterside Place
Prlncess Road
London N.v^. j , England
Dear I. Iss J*ephprd: •
• In looklnq over some AJR I IJPC' R?/^ TIC N Issues of earller
vears I found, in m Aug.l9Hl, d.9, your letter recardlng vourörrterPst In
hearlna fron readers v/ho W;ev. \A;iifred Israel, as you were orenarlna a bloara-
phv Df hlm. It is auite llhely that the book han pJnce ^een puhUsheH and If
so, J should be much obIir,ed to know about it, as I have a lonct-Pt^-ndlna
interesl in ""l.
Although I lived tn Berlin before emicrattcr fJn 1941)
T nev-er rret v^ perp-^nally. Of course I knev, about the deoartment ?tore and
the fr,rn!ly in ö qeneral wav. Years a^ter rny merrbership In the v>rkleute
and that rx'onderful aroup of people's building of Ha?orea, J Ifsrned about
his great intere^t in that particular Kibbut2 and that bis art coHec+lon Is
in a building neaed for hlm. I also read what Ishervood and -^oender said
about hlrr,, and remember Bernhard Landauer from the Berlin stories and
"Ca'oaret." But a fevr years aco I discovered thct \^1 and I have some
distant but mutual ancestors. I air. my ancestral famlües' aenealoql*-t and
have most of vaifred Ura^Vr, ancestry "on paper." It ju.rt occurred to me
that this niiqht be of interest to you - perhaps even after the pubUcation of
the Dlography. If so, olease let me kno-v. It would he auite easv for me
to rur: coples of the nertlnent qenealogical tables. If you are now in
Israel, you could actualJy see a copv of the ßSppfxAxim^ Meumann-Cppenheim
genealogy, which is in the pscaiession of mv cousin ^/r?. Ya?»! Köhn in
Hasorea. But slnce she is not in good health, it may be better if I send
you a copv. I should be most pleased to hear from you and remain,
^'o?^t sincerely yours.
John Henry Richter
•#
I<Mss Naoini ^hepherd
c/o Jones
10 V/aterside Place
^rlncess Road
LONDON N^^n
ENG LA Nr
I
AJR INFORMATION August 1981
H. W. Freyhan
^■i
ASSESSMENT OF JEWISH FAST
An East German publication on Synagogues in Germany
A few years ago Edition Peters, the well-known
Leipzig Music publishers, issued a reprint of Aron
Fnedmann's book on Synagogue Music (reviewed
in AJR Information, October 1979). Now another
East German Publishing firm, the VEB Verlag der
Kunst, Dresden has brought out a large volume:
Die Synagoge in der deutschen Geschichte (1980,
n.p.). The author, Helmut Eschwege, survived the
Nazi period in Estonia and Palestine. In 1946, he
retumed to Dresden, where he holds a post at the
Technical University. He has previously published
a book Kennzeichen J which deals with the fate of
German Jewry under the Nazis.
The bulk of the present volume consists of
illustrations which cover the history of synagogue
architecture in Germany from the Uth Century to
the post-1945 period. The collection of this mat-
erial was no easy task since the Nazis had des-
troyed even pictures of synagogues. Nevertheless,
the 241 illustrations— which include cemeteries as
well as some historical documents— amount to an
ample survey which covers the main cities and
some smaller congregations. For many former
German Jews, they will be the book's chief attrac-
tion.
Eschwege's comments on the history of syna-
gogue architecture are partly based on a dissert-
ation by Harold Hammer-Schenk, Untersuchungen
zum Synagogenbau in Deutschland von der ersten
Emanzipation bis zur gesetzlichen Gleichberechti-
gung der Juden (1800^1871). But he has quite
nghtly, not least for the benefit of non-Jewish
readers. widened the scope by tracing also the
development of synagogue ritual in connection
with the general trends in the history of German
Jewry.
His conclusions are not always above criticism.
The historical narrative is somewhat casual, fre-
quently losing sight of the larger issues by putting
too much focus on minor events. One of the
chapter headings is rather puzzling: it promises
comments on Die Synagogen in der Zeit der
fruehbuergerlichen Revolution und des Absolu-
tismus. What follows refers to the pre-emancipation
period m the 18th Century, but the term frueh-
buergerliche Revolution is nowhere explained, let
alone its relevance to the reports on the congre-
gations m Silesia, Frankfurt and Beriin which
occupy most of this chapter. This is but one
wample of the book's methodological shortcomings.
There is also the doubtful assertion that the Jews
wcre expelled from Spain ''durch die Pogrome der
katholischen Kirche". The expulsion was the rcsult
of a Royal edict, issued in 1492, and even the
Inquisition was concemed only with the Marranos,
i.e. Jews who had been converted.
More fundamental problems arise from the
author's commitment to a Marxist Interpretation
of history. There can be no quarrel, of course,
with the attempt to emphasise the sociological
aspects m Jewish history. But this approach leads
the author to some controversial conclusions.
Discussing the Jewish Situation in the Middle
Ages, he states: *'Da das eigene Recht, unter dem
die juedischen Gemeinden standen die oekono-
mische Grundlage der Juden sicherte und von ihrem
rehgioesen Bekenntnis praktisch nicht zu trennen
war, widersetzten sich die Juden den Bekehrungs-
versuchen. Der Uebertritt zum Christentum haette
fuer sie die Zerstoerung ihrer wirtschaftlichen
Existenz gebracht."
On the other band, conversions in the 19th Cen-
tury were "nicht ein 'Glaubenswechsel', sondern
ein notwendiger sozialer Akt im Kapitalismus." It
may have been ein sozialer Akt, but why should it
be tied to capitalism?
Even less acceptable is a comment on the Re-
form movement in Hamburg. The town's Jewish
Citizens "dachten doch weniger an eine wirkliche
Aenderung der Religion als an ihre Geschaefte,
ihre Behaglichkeit und Ruhe."
To claini that during the Weimar Republic only
a small minority of congregation members ("nur
noch wenige Prozent") attended the Services
seems another exaggeration.
It would be unfair to extend these necessary
reseryations to the whole of Eschwege's text. His
description of synagogue ritual and its development
presents detailed Information which will be useful
to Jewish as well as non-Jewish readers. The oourse
of events after 1933 is appropriately treated and
weU documented. Most valuable is the inclusion of
the secret Gestapo Orders which unleashed the
Kristallnacht" and the subsequent mass arrests
and transfers to concentration camps. Also in-
cluded are excerpts of the minutes of the notori-
ous meeting. chaired by Goering, which discussed
the question of insurance for the damage, the
coUective fine and future anti-Jewish measures. At
the end of this meeting, Goering predicted that, in
case of war, there would be "eine grosse Abrech-
nung mit den Juden".
Both documents were used at the Nuemberg
trial. *
BECKSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNEII
FInest selection recondltloned PIANOS
.- j*>t«rÄ«faH in Durchaslng
AI.
\ LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
|| WnJFRID ISRAEL (1899-1943)
u7^u'T^. '^ e/i^a^e</ on research into the life of
^ilfnd Israel (1899-1943) and should be glad to
hear from any readers who knew him either in
Germany or, during the last years of his life, in
London. 1 can be reached until 19 August at the
/o//owi«^ arfJre55.- cfo Brent, 55 Acacia Road,
^ondonNlVS 6 AS or, after that date, c/o Jones,
i? .J^^^^''^^^ ^^^^* ^f^ncess Road, London,
^ ^-'- NAOMI SHEPHERD
BERLIN JEWISH COMMUNITY
Sir---In connection with some research work on
to^-y flli!^ i^''^ P^n^^^^ity dunng the years
1932-1939, 1 am looking for archive material
ji mc^» !»e in private hands, as well as for
addresses of persona active in the Berlin Jewish
Community.
Kibbutz Hachotrim,
Mobile Post Chof Hacarmel,
Israel. JEHOJAKIM KOCHAVI
MIRIAM KOCHAN
THE JERUSALEM PROI
Terence Prittie's Analy.«
A picture of the Berlin Wall hang
and significantly in the office of 1
Mayor of Jerusalem. It is, Terence 1
in his wide-ranging analysis, Whose .
constant reminder of the evils of di'
affirmation of his belief that unity m
factor in Jerusalem's future. The po
home when, in the course of his ac
history of the City, which forms tht
the book, Prittie reaches 1967. Then
an actuality and the Position of West
some respects worse than that of Wej
other principles guiding KoUek's poli<
lem are equality of treatment and rig
Citizens; that the Jerusalem question s
last to be tackled in searching for a j
the Arab-Israeli dispute and should l
an intrinsic and integral part of that
that the question is not insoluble.
Author's Solution
Prittie, a great admirer of Kollek,
Solution, and again tums to Berlin to
it. "Why, then, should Jerusalem n<
'administrative sovereignty', with füll <
Its own affairs? West Berlin manage
with this and, it might be added, a ur
would manage much better". In cont
multitudinous Solutions suggested (wl
outlines), it would enable Jerusalem to
capital of Israel and also possibly
government of a Palestinian entity. I
and Jews could participate in the gov
the City and thereby prove the viability
existence. Arab pride, damaged by de
be salved by taking an active part in i
stration, and Israeli sovereignty woul
guarded by the built-in Jewish majoril
The majority, Prittie says, would p
an efficiently operated borough System
is London that furnishes the model. *5
Fitzgerald, Chief Justice in the Man.
ministration, first drew on the adminj
the LCC as a prototype for Jerusal
August 1945 report. In January 1980 )
a top-level delegation to study it at first
Kollek, fair-minded, humanitarian, b(
agmative is the real hero of this book I
as Mayor in 1965 was, writes Prittie, '
point in the affairs of West Jerusalem"
October 1969. "The Arab vote was, ac
analysts, almost solidly for Kollek, as i
mspired trust and confidence".
The same can be said of Teren
Whether he is writing of the respectivc
to the Holy Places feit by Jew, M
Christian; of the internal problems of
(Sports Stadium, Ramot Road); or of
national tensions which make Jerusale
point for World peace, he presents the J
fairly and authoritatively. His is a
commands belief. 1
TSS ^Vt* ^'""^ ^erusaltm? Frederick
' * I
CAMPS i
INTERN MENT-P.O.W.^
FORCED LABOUR— KZ
-t-t. A. • .j^
.>! I.U
I
GERMAN
JEWS IN STEINHEIM
id Extiuction of tlieir Community
ang that not only large and medium-
ut also quite a few small towns con-
* moral duty to publish records of
Jewish communities. Among them,
Johannes Waldhoff, "Die Geschichte
Steinheim", published by the "Hei-
182 Steinheim 1, Billerbecker Strase 77,
photos, DM 28, deserves particular
^use it not only meticulously de-
cate of the town's Jewry, but in a
ly also deals with the legal and
«ition of the Jews in the district
emancipation. The first Jew of the
1 period appeared in the records in
i, the Jews were emancipated and had
nily names, which are listed in the
gradual integration manifested itself
nomic progress, and a photo of the
arl Herzfeld is one of the numerous
he membership of local "Schuetzen-
o served as an indication of social
md it is noted that, after initial diffi-
^91, 16 of the 207 members were Jews.
nity had its school and its Synagogue
) in the Marktstrasse. In 1855, it com-
members. Their number gradually de-
e to emigration into larger cities.
ie who left was Herz Hirschland (born
was described in the town's records as
ut who, according to another reference
k, was also the teacher of the com-
moved to Essen in 1810, followed by
i 1815. There, his fourth son, Simon,
career as a tradesman in textiles as
coal and, to some extent, in steel. Like
• Jewish tradesmen, he also gave credit
rs and, gradually, this part of his busi-
e predominant so that on 1 September
ounded the famous banking firm of
ichland.
9 Jews who lived in Steinheim in 1933,
lurdcred in concentration camps, five
Ural death and 22 emigrated. All their
recorded by the author. The last Jew
ied in Stemheim in 1959 was Carl
n who, as a partner of a mixed mar-
deported to TTieresienstadt towards the
war and later returned to Steinheim.
W.R.
GELNHAUSEN
One of the few synagogues not burned down in
November 1938 was that of Gelnhausen, an old
baroque building. It had already been sold a year
earlier and was used for secular purposes. It has
subsequently been allowed to fall into disrepair.
A few years ago, a study group of the Department
of History of Art at Frankfurt University started
excavations in order to find a mediaeval mikvah
mentioned in literature and discovered that the
building had been erected, probably in 1734, on
much earlier foundations. A preservation order
was then made which in turn prevented the local
Chamber of commerce, which had bought the
building from a greengrocer, from rebuilding it
for its own purposees. A former Gelnhausen Jew,
Richard Scheuer, now a US Citizen, wrote to Rolf
Müller, a CDU member of the Land Hesse Parlia-
ment, pointing out that there were religious
reasons for not demolishing a Jewish place of
worship, but the Gelnhausen Synagogue also had
a unique baroque Thora shrine which had no
equal anywhere eise and should be preserved.
After many deliberations, it has now been an-
nounced that the Land has managed to provide
funds from its own resources for the restoration
of the building. The synagogue will eventually be
put at the disposal of Gelnhausen to be used for
cultural events. E.G.L.
THE LORD FROM ALTENSTADT
An offset reprint of Hermann Rose's "Geschicht-
liches der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Alten-
stadt" has made this book, which first appeared in
1931, available again (inquiries to the Landrat von
Neu-ulm, Postfach 1725). Rose (1870-1936) was a
head teacher and the last Jewish communal official
of Altenstadt. His privately printed work is dedi-
cated "with deepest respect and gratitude to the
faithful son and generous patron of this Com-
munity, Sir Hugo Hirst, Bt., London." Later
created Lord Hirst (1863-1943), he was for a long
time managing director of the General Electric
Corporation (GEC). Originally from Altenstadt,
he emigrated in his youth from Munich to
England. Rose's work was also the source of the
last chapter, about the Jews, in the attractive and
well-illustrated booklet "Illereichen-Altenstadt-
Beiträge zur Geschichte der Marktgemeinde" (im
Verlag und unter der Redaktion von Anton H
Konrad, D-7912 Weissenhorn).
AJR INFORMATION August 1981
BAD NAUHEIM
The Bad Nauheim Synagogue is another one
that was not destroyed in 1938, and it is being
used again. It was recently visited by pupils of the
Friedberg School for the Blind as part of their
religious Instruction. Rabbi Dr. Abrahamovits
gave a talk on Jewish teaching and history and
answered many questions. He told them that
before 1933 many Jews had lived in Friedberg
and Nauheim and that Bad Nauheim now has a
Jewish Community of 90. He also referred to the
old mikvah in Friedberg, one of the few that had
not been destroyed.
WESSELING
In 1972, Klaus H. S. Schuhes published his
"Documentation of the History of Jews on the
Left Bank of the Lower Rhine" which contained
some information about the fate of the Jewish
Community of Wesseling, a small industrial town
between Cologne a«d Bonn. It has now been
followed by the more specialised "History of the
Jews in Wesseling", written by the 37-year-old
sociologist Christoph Ehmann. The booklet con-
tains four interesting lists of names, dating back to
1860, 1864, 1904 and 1938 and shows that in 1932
there were 60 members of the congregation.
Among the illustrations there is one showing the
Jewish hachsharah training centre in nearby
Urfeld, which still had 45 members in 1938. The
building now houses the Swedish Embassy to the
Federal Republic. E.G.L.
KALEKO COLLECTION
In the autumn the only self-contained prose
Sketches of the poet Mascha Kaleko (1907-1975),
•'Der Gott der kleinen Webefehler", will appear in
a new edition and new format, edited and intro-
duccd by Gisela Z och- West phal, with a contri-
bution by Horst Krüger ("Days with Mascha
Kaleko"). The pieces describe strolls through New
York's Lower East Side and Greenwich Village.
The book is published by Arani Verlag, Berlin,
1981, and has 30 pen-and-ink drawings by Horst
Wolniak.
JEWISH ROLE IN AUSTRIAN RESISTANCE
Lecturing at the London School of Economics,
Professor Herbert Steiner of the Dokumentations-
archiv des Oesterreichischen Widerstandes pointed
to the part played by Jews in the anti-Nazi resist-
ance in Austria. In particular, he mentioned the
Kampfgruppe Steiermark, a Sabotage group in
Styria with several hundred members.
I^JVHLY EVENTS
1 the column Family Events
yf Charge: any voluntary
\vould, however, be appreci-
should be sent in by 15th
th.
Births
*. L. R. and Mrs. Lici Reed,
d Ave., N.W.2., are proud to
le arrival of their first grand-
^lexander, son of Ruth and
|d and third grandchild for
he late Len Gilbert.
anks to Well- Wishers
Itsch: — wants to thank the
ers of this Journal who sent
ues of congratulations on the
If his nintieth birthday, since
le at the moment to answer
idually. This will be done as
Issible.
Deaths
Max Adler of 36, Murray
Pinner. Middlesex. dipH «nH-
CLASSIFIED
The Charge, in these columns is 50p
for five words plus 50p for advertise-
ments ander a Box No.
Situations Vacant
WE WOULD WELCOME hearing
from more ladies who would be will-
ing to Shop and cook for an elderly
person in their neighbourhood on a
temporary or permanent basis. Cur-
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Please ring Mrs. Matus 01-624 4449,
AJR Employment, for Appointment.
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MEISSEN gold embossed large wall-
plate, perfect, £100; also two pairs of
new rosepink silk brocade interlined
curtains for sale. Please phone 486
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FREE ACCOMMODATION offered
in
«%ioQcor»f r^ ur
XT 117
I
REVLON MANICURIST. Will visit
your home. Phone 01-445 2915.
WANTED *The Making of an English-
man" by Fred Uhlman, Gollancz 1960.
Please write to author, 47, Downshire
Hill, London, N.W.3.
Personal
ATTRACTIVE WIDOW, young look-
ing, independent, middle sixties,
N.W. 11 district, would like to meet
refined gentleman (preferably with
car). Box 881.
DARK, SLIM WOMAN, early 50s,
Continental origin, divorced, no ties,
own house, car, wishes to meet kind,
intelligent, humorous gentleman up to
early 60s, preferably with car, for
friendship, companionship. Box 883.
WIDOWER, resident of Westcliffe,
early 70s, active, interested in music,
theatre, Walking, reading, strictlv kosher
INFORMATION REQUIRED
Personal Enquiries
Loewengard: — Information required
concerning the artist Kurt Loewengard ,
who died in London in 1940— and the
whereabouts of any remaining pictures.
Please reply Box 882.
Goldberg: — D. Goldberg, born in
Plonsk, last known address 18, St.
Kilda's Road, London, N.16, looked for
by Abraham Fuchs' Schlesienstrasse 132,
8602 Memmelsdorf, West Germany.
IN CONNECTION with my research
work about progressive health Service
under the Weimar Republic I should
be grateful for any information about
the following Personalities: Kurt
Semmel, born 21.2.1895 in Berlin,
and his wife Louise Semmel; he was
</J>
AJR INFORMATION March, 1978
E. G. Lowemhal
•» r
THE MENDELSSOHN JUBILEE EDITiON
\JU
In one year*s time, on September 6, 1979,
the 250th anniversary of the birth of Moses
Mendelssohn (Dessau 1729 — Berlin 1786)
will be celebrated. It is to be hoped that, like
the 200th anniversary of the philsopher in
1929, the event will be taken notice of by the
World of scholarship and research, Jewish
and non-Jewish alike. Fifty years ago he was
commemorated by meetings, exhibitions and
publications.
Today, neither the personality nor the
impact of Mendelssohn's work have fallen
into oblivion. On the contrary, one feels
tempted to state that the urge to assess bis
many-sided philosophical-theological thinking,
linked with problems of general and cultural
politics, has been on the increase. Thus, in
the United States, Eva Jospe translated a
selection of Mendelssohn's work imder the
auspices of the B'nai B'rith Lodges, with an
introduction by Dr. Alfred Jospe (formerly
rabbi in Schneidemuehl and Berlin).
In the course of the past years, the publica-
tion of a new Jubilee edition of Mendels-
sohn's Collected Works has been launched
(published by Friedrich Frommann- Verlag
Guenther Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt).
Its nucleus is the Jubilee issue, which was
commenced in 1929. At that time, the
Akademie f uer die Wissenschaft des Judentums
and the Gesellschaft zur Foerdenmg der
Wissenschaft des Judentums resolved to
publish a comprehensive collection with criti-
cal annotations of Mendelssohn's works and
letters. However, of the 16 volumes envisaged,
only seven appeared under the editorship of
the Berlin Professors Ismar Elbogen, Julius
Guttmann and Eugen Mittwoch, in co-opera-
tion with Dr. Fritz Bamberger, Dr. Halm
Borodianski, Dr. Simon Rawidowicz, Dr. Bruno
Strauss and Dr. Leo Strauss. The ascent of the
Nazi regime made the completion of the work
impossible. The original volumes produced
until 1938 are no longer available in the
ooriginal, but reprints of most of them have
been produced.
Like these reprints, the completion of the
Jubilee Edition is considered indispensable in
the World of scholarship. The "new" Edition
wiU, however, comprise 20 instead of 16
volumes, because in the course of the past 40-
50 years, new material has become available.
The editor is Dr. Alexander Altmann, since
1959 Professor of Jewish Religious Phil-
osophy at Brandeis University (before Rabbi
in Berlin and Manchester). He is regarded
today as the international authonty in the
field of Moses Mendelssohn research and
particularly well known by his biography,
"Moses Mendelssohn — A Biographical Study"
(The Littman Library of Jewish Civilisation,
Kegan & Paul, London 1973), reviewed in the
May 1974 issue of "AJR Information". Pro-
fessor Altmann's close assistants are Dr.
Hajim Bar-Dyan (Borodianski), Jerusalem,
Rabbi Simon Lauer, St. Gallen, Professor Dr.
Leo Strauss (who died in the U.S. in 1973)
and a number of other expert scholars. So far,
the foUowing volumes, some of them reprints,
others newly produced works have been pub-
lished: Vol 1 and 2.2 and 3: Schriften zur
Philosophie imd Aesthetik; Vol. 7: Schriften
zum Judentum; Vol. 14: Hebraeische
Schriften 1; Vol. 9: Hebraeische Schriften
III (Briefwechsel). Other volumes are in
preparation; the price per volume amounts to
DM 18.-.
The first attempt at Publishing Mendelssohn's
works, letters and unpublLshed manuscripts
was made as far back as 1843/5 by his grand-
son Benjamin (Georg) Mendelssohn (1814-
1874), Professor of Geography in Bonn. It
comprised seven volumes. However, valuable
as this first edition was, it does not live up to
present-day Standards. This is additional
reason for looking forward to the completion
of the "new" and first complete edition.
INTER-ACTION PRODUCTIONS PRESENT
in association with
THE BEN URI THEATRE GROUP
THE IRISH HEBREW LESSON
BY
WOLF MANKOWITZ
Sparkiing dialogue .
beautifully acted . . .
flawlessly directed . . .'
JEWSH CHRONICLE
'As deft and amusing
a piece as you
could wish for'
FIN. TIMES
*Happy . . . witty . .
sensitive'
IRISH TIMES
SHAW THEATRE
100 Euston Road 01-388 1394
üb p^rhrmanee on A
The most enjoyable
one act play
/'ve Seen in ages'
TIME OUT
'Rare craftsmanship
. . . memorable'
DAILY TELEGRAPH
Sundays 6.00 p.m.
£125
Page 5
F. L. Brassloff
AUSTRIAN JEWRY REBIEMBERED
In comparison with the Federal Republic of
Germany, Austria still lags behind in giving
due attention to the role played by its Jewish
Community and to its tragic fate; the more
laudable is the research conducted on the
academic level by some devoted scholars and
efforts aimed at breaking through a wall of
convenient forgetfulness.
Particularly praiseworthy in this connection
is a skilfully and expertly arranged exhibition
which endeavours to enlighten viewers,
especially members of the young generation,
on the persecution of Austrian Jewry in the
Nazi era and its historical background; it ^as
been shown in several cities. A documented
and illustrated catalogue ma^e^ the exhibits
better understandable; two burveys provide
information in depth on how antis^mv^m
prepared the way to the catas^rophic ''im.\i
Solution". 1
"The Way to the Catastrc^v,
The documentation and the essays hcve been
published within the series of "Studia Judaiqa
Austriaca" of the association "Jüdisches
Museum in Eisenstadt", under the heading
"Der gelbe Stern in Oesterreich" (Publishers:
Edition Rotzer, Eisenstadt; 1977). Professor
Kurt Schubert traces "The Way to the
Catastrophe" from antisemitic writings in Ger-
many and Austria which opposed the emanci-
pation of the Jews on religious and social
grounds; Dr. Jenny Moser describes Jewish-
Gentile relations in Austria in the period
1938-1945, with particular emphasis on the
political Situation in the country, where
hostile sentiments against the Jewish Cle-
ments traditionally played a much greater
part than in the German Reich. The study
also refers to such aspects of the Austrian
political scene as the moves of radical
Jewish nationalists demanding minority Status
for the Jews — an attitude favoured by anti-
semites — and to the use of demagogic anti-
Jewish Propaganda by the Social Democratic
Party machinery. Dr. Moser shows remarkably
sympathetic understanding for the "assimila-
tionist" spokesmen of the majority of Austrian
Jewry at the time.
Among the numy Jewish intellectuals who
served devotedly the cause of democracy and
socialism in Austria, but eamed all too little
recognition, was Dr. David Josef Bach.
Henriette Kotlan-Wemer, a non-Jewish exile,
who knew the Jewish refugee Bach well dur-
ing his last years in London, produced an
understanding and well-balanced assessment
of his life and achievements: "Kunst und Volk:
David Josef Bach, 1874-1947". (Europaverlag,
Vienna 1977, a monograph within the series
"Materialien zur Arbeiterbewegung" of the
Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Geschichte der
Arbeiterbewegung). David Bach played a lead-
ing part in the sphere of workers' educatlon
in Austria, by bringing culture, especially
classical and modern music, to the masses; by
many arücles and reviews; and by building up
an Organisation which provided access to the
theatres and concerts for the members of the
working class. His opponents frequently re-
ferred sneeringly to his Jewish extraction
which — ^like most Austrian-Jewish intellectuals
— he tended to ignore. Mrs. Kotlan-Wemer*s
study is a timely reminder that David Bach
belongs to those Jews who would deserve a
niche in Austria's cultural history.
J
f
n
Page 6
WlLFto '
\,
Friedrich Walter
CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD IN BERLIN
When, in June, 1940, on our escape from
France I arrived in this country and joined
the Pioneer Corps, a comrade and friend of
mine gave me Christopher Isherwood's novel
"Goodbye to Berlin" to read. The book had
appeared a year before, in 1939. Since then,
it has become, through stage- and screen-
adaptations ("I am a Camera" and "Cabaret")
one of his best-known and most famous books.
At my first reading of it, I feil completely
under its spell. It seemed to evoke and cap-
ture the very atmosphere and essence of that
tragically darkening, twilight and yet so cap-
tivating air of our life in Berlin in the last
years of the Weimar Republic. Now, having
read Isherwood's autobiography "Christopher
and his Kind, 1929-1939" (Eyre Methuen
£4-95) I think I can better understand the
enchantment, the almost magic effect "Good-
bye to Berlin" had on me as on so many
others at the time.
Christopher Isherwood went to Berlin in
1929, at the age of 25, not for political reasons
although he shared the strong Left-wing out-
look of his generation; he went there for very
personal reasons. It was the love of his own
sex, for German boys which attracted him
to Berlin. At the same time, this love made
him feel that in Berlin and Germany he
would find himself, his innermost seif, freed
from the Conventions and inhibitions against
which he had to struggle in his own country.
"When the German passport official", he
writes, "asked him the purpose of his
joumey, he could have truthfully replied
I am looking for my homeland and I've
come to find out if this is it".
Was it that? Isherwood speaks with the
utmost frankness of his many and various
sexual adventures, the often fleeting, some-
times lasting relationships in which he got
entangled and involved. On his arrival in
Berlin, he found a room in a house next-door
to Professor Magnus Hirschfeld's "Institut
fuer Sexualwissenschaft" in the Tiergarten.
The house belonged to a sister of the Profes-
sor who at that time was a rather controversial
CLUB 1943
Vorträge Jeden Montag um 8 p.m. im
Hannah Karminski House,
9 Adamson Road, N.W.3.
6 Mar. Violet Hammerton: "How to
keep healthy in Old Age".
13 Mar. Peter Gillis: "Fun with Hebrew
words".
20 Mar. Paul Friedmann: "Crete— one of
the oldest European Civilisations".
(With coloured slides.)
27 Mar. BankHoliday.
3 Apr. Dr. Bruno Halpern: "Die Wirt-
schaftsprobleme der Sozialdemo-
kratie".
10 Apr. Dr. Erwin Seligmann: "Woher
kommt die Menschheit?"
17 Apr. Dr. Eduard Kaatz: "Wohin
steuert die Menschheit?"
24 Apr. Gerald Holms: "Hans Christian
Andersen — What was he really like?"
1 May Bank Holiday.
figure and for whom Isherwood finds very
kind and appreciative words. His sister let
fumished rooms in her house:
"Christopher's room looked down into an
interior courtyard; that was why it was
dark and cheap. On one wall of this court-
yard Hirschfeld had caused to be printed
in gothic lettering a stanza by Goethe:
Seele des Menschen,
Wie gleichst du dem Wasser!
Schicksal des Menschen,
Wie gleichst du dem Wind!
Never before in his life had Christopher
had a room with a view of a poem . . .
Just as changes in the light make trees
look different, so Christopher's varying
moods made the poem speak in different
tones of voice; joyful, cynical, tragic. But
always, whatever his mood, it reminded
him: You are in Germany. The featureless
walls of the courtyard, the neutral puddles
of rainwater on its floor, the patch of
international sky above it — all were made
utterly German by the presence of these
German words".
I quote this passage because it seems to
explain to me the enchantment of "Goodbye
to Berlin", the reality and the "mythos" of
that city as Isherwood described it in his
book and resuscitates them in his auto-
biography. Or, in other words and to use
mythological language: Isherwood, the poet
and writer, transfigured his "Venus", the
Goddess of his physical and sexual love, into
**Eros", the God of enhanced and spiritualised
love.
For US, one of the most important, interest-
ing and outstanding characters in Isher-
wood's novel "Goodbye to Berlin" is Bernhard
Landauer. "The original of Bernhard Lan-
dauer", writes Isherwood in his autobiography,
**was Wjlf^d i;<;raer^ And in his acknowledg-
ments he thanks Werner and Susanne Rosen-
stock, the editor of this paper and his wife,
"for giving me Information about the life of
Wilfrid Israel".
He devotes several pages to discussing the
Portrait he gave of Bernhard Landauer in
"Goodbye to Berlin" and to revising his judg-
ment in the light and with the insight of
his later and maturer thoughts and of the
Information he received not only from Werner
and Susanne Rosenstock but also from the
autobiography "World within Worlds" of his
friend, the writer Stephen Spender. These
pages make fascinating reading and it is more
than worth while to quote from them "in
extenso" (although, for the sake of space,
with some regrettable omissions):
"Wilfrid did help to run a department
Store founded by his own family. It was
one of the biggest in Berlin.
Wilfrid was tall, pale, dark-eyed, soft-
spoken, precise in speech, a smiler who
seldom laughed. He looked young for his
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AJR INFORMATION March. 1978
age. When Christopher met hun in 1931,
he was thirty-two years old.
As Bernhard in the novel, his profile is
described as *overcivilised, finely drawn,
beaky...' Again and again, Bernhard is
presented as being tired, apathetic . . .
When Isherwood asks him if he thinks
there will be a Nazi putsch or a Com-
munist revolution, he answers that the
question seems to him 'a little trivial.' He
produces a letter from a fanatical anti-
semite, threatening him with death, and
remarks that he gets three or four such
letters a week. Isherwood exclaims: 'Surely
youll teil the police?* Bernhard smiles
another of his tired smiles: *My existence
is not of such vital importance to myself
or to others that the forces of the Law
should be called upon to protect me . . .' "
I am quite sure that these aspects of Bem-
hard's character weren't invented; that they
were founded on Christopher's Observation of
Wüfrid in real life. But a very different Wil-
frid appears in "World within Worlds".
Stephen Spender teils how, when the two of
them were Walking together on Ruegen Island,
during a summer holiday in 1932, Wilfrid
surprised him,
by outlining a plan of action for the Jews
when Hitler seized Germany — an event
which he seemed to anticipate as certain.
The Jews, he said, should close their
businesses and go out into the streets, re-
maining there, as a protest, and refusing
to go home even if the Storm Troopers
fired on them. It was only such a imited
action, within a hopeless Situation, which
would arouse the conscience of the world.
This was no mere theoretical talk. Less
than a year later, when Hitler came to power,
Wilfrid began to show himself capable of
great courage and firmness of purpose. Wil-
frid's mother had been English and he him-
self had been bom in England. He was a
British subject and could therefore leave
Germany and settle in England whenever he
chose to do so. Instead, he chose to remain
in Berlin for six more years. As it became
increasingly clear that no concerted action
could be taken against the Nazis by the Jews
or any other group, Wilfrid concentrated on
more limited objectives, including the defence
of the department störe itself, for as long
as that might be possible.
continued on page 7
THE THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY
in conjunction with the
University of London
Last three lectures of
Lecture Course, Spring 1978
JEWISH MESSIANIC MOVEMENTS
at Hampstead Zion House
57 Eton Avenue, N.W.3
Tuesday, March 14, 8 for 8.15 p.m.
Hyam Maccoby, M.A. on
MESSIANIC FIGURES IN THE
MIDDLE AGES
Tuesday, March 28, 8 for 8.15 p.m.
Rabbi Dr. David Goldstein on
DAVID REUVENI
Tuesday, April 11, 8 for 8.15 pjn.
Robert Wistrich, M.A., Ph.D., on
THE MESSIANIC IDEA IN MODERN
TIMES
Detailed leaflets from Mr. H. M. Hirsch,
Tel. 435 7221
Guests very welcome
i
■i
AJR INFORMATION March, 1978
CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD IN BERLIN
(continued from previous page)
The Store, like all other Jewish stores was
boycotted from time to time. Wüfrid himself
was threatened, arrested, cross-examined and
(I have heard) temporarily imprisoned. Never-
theless, though repeatedly ordered to do so
he refused to dismiss his Jewish employees!
He even refused to placate the authorities
by making the token gesture of flying the
swastika flag over the störe building. Mean-
while, he worked to arrange the emigration
of as many Jews as possible to foreign
countries. A Jew could often be released from
a concentration camp on condition that he
emigrated immediately. But someone eise
would have to find the money for this because
his own property would have been confiscated
already. At length in 1939, the firm of Israel
was taken over by non-Jews; it was the last
of its kind to change hands. Wilfrid thus
lost most of his power to help others. Just
before the outbreak of war, his friends
persuaded him to leave for England . . .
Then why is this aspect of Wüfrid left out
of the Portrait of Bernhard? Even though
the novel had to end in 1933 with "Isher-
wood's" departure from Berlin, there could
have been a final scene with Bernhard in
which his future attitude to the Nazis is
foreshown; in which, perhaps, "Isherwood"
realises that he has misunderstood and under-
estimated Bernhard from the beginning, and
feels guilty.
Instead . . . The story of Bernhard Landauer
ends with the news of Bernhardts death.
"Isherwood" overhears two men talking about
it in a restaurant in Prague, in the spring
of 1933, just after he himself has left Germany
for good. One of them read in a newspaper
that Bernhard had died of heart failure and
both take it for granted that he has really
been killed by the Nazis . . .
"The Nazis did kill him in the end— but
that, one can almost say, was by accident.
Having settled in England, Wilfrid de-
voted himself to helping his fellow refugees.
After the French defeat, many of them
were temporarily intemed. When Wilfrid
visited the internment camps he used to
say "this is where I ought to be, too". But,
as a British subject, he was free. He
enlisted in the Civil Defence.
ByJ[943^here were many Jews who had
escaped from Germany and Austria and
found their way to Spain and Portugal. In
March of that year, Wilfrid flew to Portu-
gal to arrange for some of the younger
refugees to emigrate to Palestine. Within
two months, he had done this. On June 1,
he boarded a plane to fly back to London.
Among his fellow-passengers was the
famous actor Leslie Howard. Over the Bay
of Biscay, three hundred miles off Cap
Finisterre, their plane met eight Nazi
fighters. It is almost certain that the
fighters came upon them by chance, while
returning from an unsuccessful attempt to
locate two of their own U-boats. Unarmed
airliners flying between Lisbon and London
were very seldom attacked, though they
often carried important people. But, on this
occasion, ,thp Nayis hnH Vnme reason to
suspect that Churchill himself might t^g
on board: they knew that he would be
flying back from a Conference in Algiers
at about that time. There were no
survivors".
No less thought-provoking is another pass-
age in Ishenvood's book:
"On January 30, President Hindenburg
appointed Hitler to be the new chancellor
of Germany. A huge torchlight procession
of singing Nazis celebrated this triumph
of backstairs intrigue and manipulation of
the gaga old President. Christopher wrote
to Stephen: *As you will have seen, we
are having a new govemment, with
Charlie Chaplin and Father Christmas in
the ministry. All words fail.'
By Father Christmas, Christopher may
have meant either Hindenburg himself or
Alfred Hugenberg, the Nationalist Party
leader, Hitler's temporary ally. Hugenberg
was then nearly seventy, so he qualified
for the role... Christopher, like other
optimistic well-wishers, kept repeating that
this appointment was a blessing in disguise;
Hitler would now have to cope with the
economic mess, he would reveal himself
as an incompetent windbag, he would be
forced to resign and the Nazis would be
for ever discredited.
I don*t blame Christopher the amateur
observer for his lack of foresight. I do
condemn Christopher the novelist for not
having taken a psychological interest, long
before this, in the members of the Nazi
high command. Even as late as 1932, it
would have been possible for him to meet
them personally. Goebbels, the party Pro-
pagandist, was obliged to make himself
available to the foreign press. And it wasn't
too difficult to arrange Interviews with
Goering or even Hitler. Christopher wasn't
Jewish, he belonged to the Nazis' favourite
foreign race, he spoke German fluently,
he was a writer and could easily have been
accepted as a freelance Journalist whom
they might hope to convert to their philo-
sophy . . . What inhibited him? His princi-
ples? His inertia? Neither is an excuse.
He missed what would surely have been
one of the most memorable experiences of
his Berlin life.
On February 27, the Nazis caused the
Reichstag building to be set on fire. Then,
accusing the Communists of having done
it as a Signal for an uprising, they declared
a State of emergency and began making
mass arrests. 'Charlie Chaplin' had ceased
to be funny".
Alas, he had indeed. But Christopher Isher-
wood was by no means the only one to have
recognised it too late. There were many of
US who had made the same fatal mistake of
seeing, for too long a time, merely a comic
figure in Hitler.
Shortly after Hitler's seizure of power
Isherwood left Berlin. He had now, for
several years, been one of the lodgers of
"Fraeulein Schroeder", a typical Berliner land-
lady, one of the most humorous, often hilar-
ious, often touching figures in Isherwood's
"Goodbye to Berlin". Her real name was
Fraeulein Thurau, and when Isherwood took
leave of her, she had this to say to him:
" l'm sure I don't know what makes you
want to leave Berlin all of a sudden, like
this,' Frl. Thurau told Christopher sadly,
with perfect sincerity. She, who had voted
Communist — because of Christopher's urg-
ing— in the November 1932 elections, now
called Hitler 'Der Fuehrer* when she talked
to the porter's wife. After all, like millions
of others, she had to go on living in
Germany and making the best of it, no
matter who was in power. She would re-
main what she essen tially was; a sweet,
muddled victim of her rulers — guilty only
Page 7
by association with them— no more and
no less of a Nazi than she had been a
Communist".
In February 1952, Isherwood retumed to
Berlin on a short visit, for the first time
smce the war. The person of "Heinz" whom
he mentions in the following passage, was one
of the German boys with whom he had formed
one of his most intimate, sometimes blissful,
more often stormy and unhappy relationships
in the pre-war years:
"With Heinz and Heinz's wife, he went
to see Frl. Thurau. She was still living
on the Nollendorfstrasse, but in a much
smaller flat. There were smashed buildings
along the familiär street and most of the
house fronts were pitted by bomb frag-
ments and eaten by decay. Christopher
hadn't announced his arrival in advance,
and now he feit suddenly afraid that the
shock of seeing him might upset her. He
asked Heinz and his wife to go upstairs
ahead of him. Standing back in the shadows
of the staircase, he listened to Heinz greet-
ing Frl. Thurau and then starting to break
the news . . . When Christopher appeared,
she uttered a tremendous scream, a scream
worthy of Tristan and Isolde, equally
appropriate for death or bliss. It must have
been heard all over the building.
As was to be expected, she was now
enthusiastically pro-American; the Nollen-
dorfstrasse was in the American occupation
sector. Her feelings towards the Russians
were mixed. She spoke of their politics
with conventional disapproval and of their
sexual appetites with grudging respect.
Immediately after the war's end, she had
met many Russian soldiers. *Every time
I went out on the street they'd be after
me' she told Christopher, with a certain
complacency. *So I used to screw up my
eyes — like this — and make a hump on my
back, and limp. You ought to have seen
me, Herr Issyvoo. Then even those Russians
didn't want me any more. I looked like
a regulär old hag!' She looked better now,
in her seventies, than she had in her fifties
— despite all she had been through. Chris-
topher asked her about the bombing. *0h,
the last year was terrible! We were in the
cellar nearly all the time. We used to hold
each other in our arms and say at least
we'd all die together. I can teil you, Herr
Issyvoo, we prayed so much we got quite
religious!'
When they said goodbye, Frl. Thurau
gave him the brass dolphin clockstand,
holding a clock on its tail, which is de-
scribed in 'Goodbye to Berlin' and about
which Isherwood asks himself: 'What
becomes of such things? How could they
ever be destroyed?' A prophetic comment
— for a bomb-blast had hurled it across
the room and only slightly scratched its
green marble base. It Stands ticking away
on my desk, as good as new, while I write
these words."
I find this one of the most moving passages
of Christopher Isherwood's autobiography.
PROFESSOR MAX BORN'S MEMOIRS
The first part of the literary estate of the
atom physicist and Nobel Prize laurcate Max
Born (Breslau 1882 - Goettingen 1970), who
lived in England as a refugee from 1933
to 1954, was acquired from his heirs in this
country hy the Staatsbibliothek Preussischer
Kulturbesitz. The material includes the manu-
script of Born 's memoirs "My Life and My
Views", published 1968 in New York, and his
correspondence with a wide ränge of well-
known nersonalities. — E.G.L.
I
i
Page 8
I
MSCELLANEOUS
RELIGION AND HOMOSEXUALITY
At Leo Baeck College, the Association for
Pastoral Care and Counselling held a Con-
ference on "Religion and Homosexuality"
attended by about 40 clergy and lay people.
Rabbi Hugo Gryn of the West London Syna-
gogue Said the Bible or the Talmud did not
give much relevant help, but Rev. Dr. Levy,
former minister of the Hampstead Synagogue,
Said the answer was celibacy. If a person
feit that he was not normal, he must impose
a very rigid self-discipline on himself. Rabbi
Mariner of the North-Westem Reform Syna-
gogue Said the Jewish Community had a
responsibility to work to include homosexuals,
otherwise they might be lost to Judaism.
RED GROSS ESTABLISHES
HOLOCAUST TRUTH
The International Committee of the Red
Gross in Geneva has publicly refuted neo-
Nazi Propaganda denying that there had been
a Holocaust. It had mcreasingly received
letters from people who wanted confirmation
that Germany was the victim of a smear cam-
paign after the Second World War and that
the Nazis had not murdered six mUlion Jews.
In its Statement the committee said that the
false Propaganda was essentially nurtured by
the controversy about statistics wrongly
attributed to the Red Gross and distorted or
truncated quotations from its reports about
its activities during the war.
DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX
LTD.
(A
Dunbee House
I 117 Greaf Port land Street,
London, W.l
Tel: 01-636 8677
Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON,
TELEX.
INT. TELEX 23540
DR. HANS TUCH 90
Dr. Hans Tuch, for many years Director of
the Berlin Office of the Jewish Restitution
Successor Organisation (JRSO), recently cele-
brated his 90th birthday in Switzerland, where
he now lives in retiremeoit. An outstanding
Jurist, he was a judge at the Berlin "Kammer-
gericht" unitil he was dismissed in 1933. He
came to this country as a refugee and, like
majny immigrants of his background, bravely
adjusted his life to the chamged circumstances.
Whew, few years after the war, JRSO was
founded to take Charge of the recovery of heir-
less, unclaimed and communal former Jewish
property, Dr. Tuch was appoLnted deputy head
aind, in 1955, Director of the Berlin office. In
this capacity he had to conduct many difficult
negotiations and court proceedings, and if
ulUmately substantial assets were recovered,
it is, to a high degree, due to his expertise and
energy. As the proceeds from these assets are
used for the benefit of Jewish victims of Nazi
persecution and their institutioms, our Com-
munity owes him a deep debt of gratitude. We
extend our sincerest comgratulations to Dr.
Tuch who, by his kindness amd human under-
standing, has endeared himself to all who know
him.
aLUSTRATED JERUSALEM ATLAS
The latest in Martin Gilberts very successful
series of historical atlases deals with the fasci-
nating theme of the history of Jerusalem
through the ages.* Füll details of Christian,
Moslem and Jewish connections with the city
are illustrated in a series of 66 maps, all drawn
specially for this book. Opposite each map is
a page of photographs, including many never
before published, and drawn from an enor-
mous ränge of British, Arab and Israeli
archives. For anyone concemed with under-
standing the news in the Middle East, and the
deijth of historical and religious tradition
which encompasses Jerusalem, this atlas is
essential reading. Martin Gilbert is a Fellow
of Merton College, Oxford, and the Official
Biographer of Sir Winston Churchill.
H'il ^®^'" Gilbert: Jerusalem— Illustrated History Atlas.
128 pp, 66 maps, 117 photographs. Published by Board
of Deputies of British Jews. Woburn House. Upper Woburn
Place London. W.C.1. £2-50 (Hardback). £1 50 (Soft-
TRIPS TO EGYPT
London travel firms are at the moment pre-
Eanng for Jewish tourists to visit Egypt.
Jnder the name **Shalom Tours" they will
be organised as nine-night escorted tours with
Visits to Luxor, Cairo and possibly Aswan.
Price about £300. In Cairo, a kosher hotel is
to be opened.
AJR INFORMATION March, 1978
PRIZE FOR FILM ON CAMPS
During the festival of short films at Plovdid,
Bulgaria, the "National Front Prize" was
awarded to the film **The Transports for the
Death Camps have not yet Departed". It
Shows Nazi preparations for the deportation
of Bulgarian Jews against the resistance of
the Bulgarian Government. Before the war,
50,000 Jews lived in Bulgaria, now there are
about 6,000 left. Many emigrated to Israel
after 1948.
A JEWISH "LANDESHAUPTMANN"
Johann Caspari 90
The former Social Democratic politician and
high official, Johann Caspari, celebrated his
90th birthday in San Francisco on February
10. He started his career as director of the
Youth Department of the Berlin borough of
Neukoelln and later became "Landeshaupt-
mann" of the "Grenzmark" province. Under
the danger of arrest, he escaped in 1933 and
finally found refuge in the United States.
There, he started as a factory worker and later
became professor of German language. EGL
TWO UNSUNG HEROES
Two Berlin Citizens, 70-year-old Georgette
Gruschke and 78-year-old Anton Sketlownik,
received the Federal Order of Merit from
President Scheel in recognition of their sacri-
fices iJi rescuing Jews from the Nazis. Mrs.
Gruschke hid and supported the writer, Martin
Wasservogel, from 194345, and when her hus-
band, who was a soldier, heard that the Gestapo
was looking for Wasservogel, she helped
him to escape by providing him with false
papers. All this became known when she
recently sent some writings by Wasservogel
to the Jewish community. Anton Skerlownik
had sheltered three Jewish people after 1942.
I
HOUSE OF HAUGARTEN
53/79 HighgateRoad, London, NWS IRR
ChooM Ho/iyarten— C/ioost FLm Wims
76
Wilfrid B. Israel
I I
i
i:
Arl,cit Rc«i(I,nct und wolle es in Arbeit bcsciilicßcn. Das aber könne sie
nidit mciir in einem anderen Lande tun.
Im Herbst 1942 bat sie einen Gestapobeamten, von der Evakuierimg eines
Ihrer alten Pfleglinge Abstand zu nehmen. Ihre Bitte M'urde abgeschlagen
und ihr selbst mit Verschid<ung gedroht. Daraufhin nahm sie, gemeinsam
mit ihrer Sdiwestcr Rosa Grunwald und ihrer früheren Mitarbeiterin und
Freundm Grete Ilartstein, Gift und wählte den Freitod.
Clara Israel war ihren Mitarbeitern der nie versagende, immer verständnis-
volle Berater, der für jede Sdiwierigkeit eine Lösung wußte und den Für-
sorgern immer wieder Kraft, Sidierheit, Mut und neuen Aufsdiwung zur
Arbeit gab. Sie selbst zeigte sidi audr in sdiwierigen Situationen unersdirok-
ken und gelassen.
WILFRID B.ISRAEL
In dem Erzählungsband „Goodbye to Beriin" von Christopher Isherwood
ersdicmt die Figur eines Bernhard Landauer, Sohn eines deutsdi-jüdisdien
Vaters und einer cnglisdi-jüdisdicn Mutter und Erbe und Mitarbeiter eines
führenden Berliner Warenhauses. Er lebt allein in einer abgesdiiedenen
Junggesellenwohnung im Tiergartenviertel, die voll von ostasiatisdien
Figuren ist. Seine Erholung findet er in der Familienvilla am Wannsee
Einsamkeit und unerfüllte Sehnsudit nadi Bindung geben seiner Persön-
hdikeit das Gepräge. Im Epilog der Kurzgesdiidite sdireibt der Autor, daß
Bernhard Landauer, für den Wilfrid Israel Modell gestanden hat, im Jahre
1933 in einem Konzentrationslager ums Leben kam. Der Erzählungsband,
der im Jahre 1938 vcröffentlidit wurde, war Wilfrid Israel bekannt. Heute'
da wir wissen, wie sidi sein Sdiidcsal erfüllt hat, ist es sdiwer, der Frage
zu entgehen, ob der Sdiluß der Erzählung lediglidi ein tedinisdier Kunst-
griff des Autors war oder ob hier eine jener unerklärlidien Intuitionen
vorliegt, die den Segen oder Fludi des Diditers bilden können.
In der Reihe der Persönlidikciten, die der deutsdien Judenheit in ihren
sdiwersten Jahren gedient haben, nimmt Wilfrid Israel eine besondere
Stellung ein. Er war nicht einer bestimmten Organisation, ja nidit einmal
einer bestimmten jüdisdien „Weltansdiauung" verhaftet. Distanz, die sidi
in seiner Haltung zum Mitmensdien zeigte, kennzeidinete audi seine Be-
ziehung zum jüdisdien Leben. Aber gerade diese Distanz gab ihm eine
Weite des Blidcs und einen Sinn für die Untersdieidung zwisdien Widiti-
gem und Unwiditigem. Jüdisdie Arbeit war für ihn eine der Ausdrudcs-
foi
19i
kri'
saß
Sie
Ben
Zu
193
Nid
lid.
nati'
rae>
Lili.
dic-
sdiii
Orj
nal:
beri
und
Zen:
ein:
Jah.
193
Den
runi
PaL.
Die
übe
Tod
dies(
sehe
linci
eigc
mit
und
das t
wüc'
kun
Wilfrid B. Israel
r könne sie
icrung eines
bgesdilagen
gemeinsam
*>citerin und
verständnis-
iid den Für-
chwung zur
unerschrok-
77
r Isherwood
<ii- jüdischen
' rbeiter eines
,':eschiedenen
>stasiatischen
n Wannsee.
iner Persön-
! Autor, daß
' it, im Jahre
hlungsband,
innt. Heute,
', der Frage
ther Kunst-
Intuitionen
'it in ihren
' besondere
licht einmal
nz, die sich
ii seine Be-
'> ihm eine
^cn Wichti-
Ausdrucks-
forincn seiner humanen C]rundcinstcllung, die auch in den Jahren nach
1918 seine Flüditlingsnrbcit unter rridjof Nansen und seine Förderung
kricgsgcgncrisdier Bestrebungen bestimmt hatte. Unter diesem Aspekt be-
saß das Aufbauwerk in Palästina frühzeitig eine Anziehungskraft für ihn.
Sie fand ihren Nicdcrsdihig in der führenden Arbeit für das Kinderdorf
Ben Sdicmen und für die Liga für das arbeitende Palästina.
Zu einer der zentralen Figuren der deutsdien Judenheit wurde er im Jahre
1933. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor hatte sidi ein Kreis von führenden jüngeren
Niditzionisten und Zionisten gebildet, der die Möglidikeiten einer einheit-
lichen Zusammenfassung aller deutsdien Juden im Falle eines Sieges der
nationalsozialistisdien Bewegung vorzubereiten sudite. Außer Wilfrid Is-
rael gehörten zu diesem Kreis Ludwig Tietz, Friedridi Brodnitz, Arthur
Lilicnthal, Georg Lubinski und Friedridi OIlendorfT. Auf die Vorarbeiten
dieses Kreises geht zu einem erhcblidien Teil die Sdiaffung des Zentralaus-
sdiusses für Hilfe und Aufbau im April 1933 zurück. Die Aufgabe dieser
Organisation bestand in der Planung von Maßnahmen, die durdi die natio-
nalsozialistisdie Maditergreifung notwendig wurden, insbesondere der
beruflidien Vorbereitung für die Auswanderung und in der Besdiaffung
und Verwaltung der hierzu erforderhdien Mittel. Gleidizeitig bildete der
Zentralaussdiuß die personelle und organisatorisdie Grundlage für die
einige Monate später gegründete Reidisvertretung. Im Laufe der späteren
Jahre, insbesondere nadi der Auswanderung von Max Warburg im Jahre
1937, widmete Wilfrid Israel sidi vor allem dem Hilfsverein der Juden in
Deutschland, der für die Organisation und Finanzierung der Auswande-
rung (mit Ausnahme der vom Palästina-Amt betreuten Auswanderung nadi
Palästina) zuständig war.
Die Arbeit jener Zeit bradite ihn audi mit vielen Mitghedern der jüdisdien
Jugendbewegung in Verbindung. Ganz besonders bewährte er sidi gegen-
über denjenigen unter ihnen, die im November 1933 durdi den plötzlichen
Tod von Ludwig Tietz den mensdilichen Rüddialt verloren, den sie an
dieser starken Führerpersönlidikeit gefunden hatten. Ein Vergleidi zwi-
schen den beiden liegt nahe. Beide entstammten der Obersdiidit der Ber-
liner Judenheit, gehörten der glcidien Generation an und waren ohne
eigene Familie. Aber hier endet schon die Parallele. Während Ludwig Tietz
mit einer Leidensdiaft, die mitunter an Aggressivität grenzen konnte, für
und gegen Personen und Auffassungen Stellung nahm, war Zurüd^hakung
das Hauptmerkmal von Wilfrid Israel. Während Ludwig Tietz einen ur-
wüdisigen Humor an den Tag legen konnte, der durdi seine jüdische Her-
kunft und sein Berlinertum gleichermaßen geprägt war, haftete Wilfrid
78
WiJfrhi B. Israel
'^
Israel nidits Berlinisches an, obwohl seine Familie seit weit längerer Zeit in
Berlin ansässig war. Ludwig Tietzkonntcladien,Wilfrid nur läclieln. Damals
sdiien es mandien,daß der englisdic Kamin in seiner Wohnung in der Bend-
lerstraße das stärkere Gewidit seines englisdien Muttererbes betonen sollte.
Erst in London sollten wir lernen, daß er audi hier, bei aller Liebe zum
Lande und dessen Spradie, nidit vorbehaltlos verwurzelt war.
Parallel zu seiner Tätigkeit im Interesse der deutsdi-jüdisdien Gesamtheit
ging die Arbeit in seinem Familienunternchmen, dem von seinem Urgroß-
vater im Jahre 1815 gegründeten Berhner Kaufhaus N. Israel. 1921, als er
22 Jahre alt war, trat er in die Firma ein, und nadi dem Tode seines Vaters,
Berthold Israel, im Jahre 1935 war er gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder Her-
bert Inhaber des Unternehmens. Zu seinen persönlidicn Verdiensten gehört
es, daß die Wohlfahrt der Mitarbeiter mit modernen Mitteln der prakti-
sdien Sozialarbeit gefördert wurde; ein mensdilidies Verhältnis zu den
Mitarbeitern, die zu ihm Vertrauen hatten, war sein besonderes Anliegen.
Dies sollte sidi vor allem von 1933 an bewähren. Audi unter Drohung der
Verhaftung weigerten sich die Inhaber im Jahre 1933, ihre jüdisdien An-
gestellten zu entlassen. Als im November 1938 die Massenverhaftungen
einsetzten, riditete Wilfrid Israel ein besonderes Büro ein, das die zur Ent-
lassung aus dem Konzentrationslager erforderlidien Auswanderungsmög-
lidikeiten zu sdiaffen sudite. Als das letzte führende Unternehmen ging
die Firma im Jahre 1939 in niditjüdisdien Besitz über.
Israel selbst siedelte nadi London über. Die Tatsadie, daß er in dieser
Stadt zur Welt gekommen war, hatte ihn zum „British subject by birth"
gemadit. Urenkel des viktorianisdien Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler,
war er mit den führenden englisdi-jüdisdien Famihen verwandtsdiaftlidi'
und freundsdiaftlidi verbunden. Er war dadurdi der gegebene Verbin-
dungsmann zwisdien ihnen und den einströmenden jüdisdien Flüditlingen
aus Deutsdiland. Sofort stellte er sich den bestehenden Hilfskomitees, die
damals im Bloomsbury House in London stationiert waren, zur Verfügung.
Seine Stellung als Liaison Officer bewährte sidi besonders, als nadi dem
Fall Frankreidis die Flüditlinge aus Deutsdiland und üsterreidi als „Enemy
Ahens" eine Zeitlang interniert wurden. „Eigendidi gehöre idi ja audi
hierher", pflegte er den „Häftlingen" bei seinen Besudien in den Lagern
zu sagen.
Nadi der Internierungswelle sdiloß er sidi dem kleinen Kreis von früher
führenden Persönlidikeiten aus Deutsdiland an, die die Initiative zur
Sdiaffung einer Selbstvertretung der deutsdien und österreidiisdien Juden
in England ergriffen. Als diese Pläne durdi Gründung der „Association
of Jewish
er, wenn u
kutive. Die
trug entsch
rend der c
Schicksalsgt
zunächst al
von der Rc
sehe und de
1943 erginp
verfolgten J
Möglidikeitc
neutralen L
Jüngeren un <
Am 24. Mäj
zahlreichen .
überwinden
Jugendlicheil
Leistung hii
menschliche ■>
Als er den I
Konsulat in 1
das ursprünp '
rühmte engl
wurde über (
schössen. Mn
diill unter dci
Ein bleibend
Kibbuz Has(
Jugendbewe^
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zulassen. „Bc
dem Kibbuz i
für das ganze
seinen Namci
Wilfrid Israel
Darüber hinar
mal in der Gc
•t
Wilfriil B. Israel
79
t in
nais
nd-
Ute.
/um
'hcit
•oß-
Is er
rers,
Her-
hört
lakti-
den
gen.
': der
An-
ngen
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irth"
tller,
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rl)in-
iigcn
, die
•ing.
(1cm
auch
':cm
iher
zur
iden
tion
of Jewish Refugccs" (AJR) im Jahre 1941 verwirklicht wurden, gehörte
er, wenn audi nicht de jure, so doch de facto zu den Mitgliedern der Exe-
kutive. Die Tatsache, daß sein Name mit der Organisation verbunden war,
trug entscheidend zur Überwindung unvermcidhdier Schwierigkeiten wäh-
rend der ersten Jahre nadi der Gründung bei. Mit der Arbeit für seine
Sdiicksalsgenossen verband Israel eine aktive Beteiligung am Kriegseinsatz,
zunädist als MitgHed des „Civil Defence" und später - im Rahmen einer
von der Regierung eingesetzten Studiengruppe - als Sachkenner für jüdi-
sche und deutsche Fragen.
1943 erging an ihn der Ruf, sich der vom nationalsozialistischen Regime
verfolgten Juden auf dem Kontinent im Rahmen der damals gegebenen
Möghdikeiten anzunehmen. Es galt, jüdischen Flüchtlingen, die sidi in die
neutralen Länder Spanien und Portugal gerettet hatten, insbesondere den
Jüngeren unter ihnen, die Weiterwanderung nadi Palästina zu ermöglichen.
Am 24. März 1943 flog Wilfrid Israel nach Lissabon. Es gelang ihm, die
zahlreichen einwanderungs- und transporttechnischen Schwierigkeiten zu
überwinden mit dem Ergebnis, daß im Jahre 1944 ein Sdiiffstransport von
Jugendlichen nach Palästina abgehen konnte. Über die organisatorische
Leistung hinaus gab Wilfrid den Jugendhchen aber auch durch seine
mensdilidie Teilnahme an ihrem Schicksal Mut und Zuversicht.
Als er den Rückflug nach London antreten wollte, bot ihm das britische
Konsulat in Lissabon einen Platz in einem Flugzeug an, das etwas eher als
das ursprünglidi von ihm vorgesehene abflog (und in dem sidi auch der be-
rühmte englische Schauspieler Leslie Howard befand). Dieses Flugzeug
wurde über dem Meer am I.Juni 1943 von den Nationalsozialisten abge-
schossen. Man nimmt an, daß der deutsche Spionagedienst Winston Chur-
chill unter den Passagieren vermutet hatte.
Ein bleibendes Denkmal für Wilfrid Israel ist das „Beth Wilfrid" im
Kibbuz Hasorea in Israel. Diesem Kibbuz, aus der deutsch-jüdischen
Jugendbewegung „Die Werkleute" hervorgegangen, fühlte er sich beson-
ders verbunden, und es war seine Absicht, sich nach Kriegsende dort nieder-
zulassen. „Beth Wilfrid" enthält die Kunstsammlung, die Wilfrid Israel
dem Kibbuz testamentarisch hinteriassen hat; es ist heute ein Kulturzentrum
für das ganze Land. Aber zu diesem siditbaren Zeichen der Erinnerung an
seinen Namen tritt das Gedenken der vielen, für die die Begegnung mit
Wilfrid Israel eine unvergeßliche Bercidierung des eigenen Lebens bedeutet.
Darüber hinaus hat er sich durch sein Leben und seinen Opfertod ein Denk-
mal in der Geschichte der deutschen Judenheit gesetzt.
/
t!
»
)
f ;
^Biographisches Handbuch der deutsch
WA« nach Luxemburg, 1940 nach der Besetzung des Landes
•«sto nach Belgien u. Frankr.; 1942 illeg. Rückkehr nach hs-
f sich I. bis zu seinem Tode vor der Ciesiapo verborgen
■^.•a. Ist eine Verschmelzung der Bergarbeiierorganisatio-
anadglich' 1906; Arbeitsverhältnis und Arbeiterorganisatio-
deutschen Bergbau. 1908, Neudruck 1979; Das deutsche
:haftswesen. 1910; Zur Lage der Arbeiter im staatlichen
Sb|Kau an der Saar. 1910; Die grundsätzliche Stellung des
CoKftvcrcins christlicher Bergarbeiter Deutschlands. 1911;
Orr Bergarbeiter-Streik im Ruhrgebict im Frühjahr 1912. 1912;
lÄe Saarbergarbeiierbewegung 1912/13. 1913; Die Tätigkeit
wd Erfolge des Gewerk Vereins christlicher Bergarbeiter
e^MBchlands. 1915; Jugendliche Arbeiter im Bergbau. 1916;
ßAwtnnnan im Bergbau. 1917; Die Brüder Imbusch. In; 25
^lÄitchriMliche Gewerkschaftsbewegung. 1924; Die Ordnung
(flrr Vcfhälfnisse zwischen Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern,
WX L NDB; Schneider, Saarpolitik und Exil. Qu: Arch.
9iMd Publ. - \ri.
Robert (bis 1946 Klein, Franz Johann), Dr., Publizist;
0Eh.2O.i?)Juni 1895, gest. März 1964 Chardonne/CH; V:
Or.Hugo Klein, Arzt; M: Marie, geb. Kandelburg; oo Anna
Ciftstma Schmid; StA: österr., 1942 Ausbürg., 1946 USA.
»>?: 1938 GB; 1941 CDN, USA; 1942 CDN; USA; 1947 CH.
Snid Rechtswiss. Wien, 1915-18 Artillerieoffz. Nach
Kficgscnde angebl. Vertr. des Anschlusses Österr. an das Dt.
tddi, sozdem. orientiert u. Miigr. Deutsch-Österreichischer
^wäsbund 1920 Prom., anschl. Industrieberater, 1926-30 Red.
Shr Osterreichische Volkswirt in Wien. 1930-33 Donauraum-
tof. Vossische Zeitunii Berlin, 1933-35 Donauraumkorr. Bas-
^ Sachrichten. Mitarb. Der Christliche Ständestaat, bis 1938
S enger pol. Verb, zu der Gruppe um — Dietrich von Hilde-
Iff^Bd u. - Klaus Dohrn. Zwischen 1934 u. 1938 Mitarb. u.
launikler Volkszeitun^ Innsbruck. 1936 (?)-37 Italienkorr.
B^%Ur Sachrichten in Rom. Juli 1937 Ausweisung aus Italien
•rfVcranlassung dt. Stellen. Hg. Donauecho. Bis 1938 Völker-
*w«d-Korr. De Tijd Amsterdam in Genf. Sept. 1938 nach Loh-
4», Korr. Baslei National-'Aeitun^. 1940 Mitgl. Austria Office.
Mäarb. Free Austria, ZuhArb. mit — Robert Habsburg. Frühj.
\M\ nach Kanada, anschl. New York, Juni 1941 Mitgr. Aus-
9itm Committee unter - Richard Schüller. Enge ZusArb. mit
-> 0«o Habsburg, Hg. u. Llr. der legitimist. Voice of Austria.
frähj. 1942 mit deren Red. Übersiedlung nach Ottawa, heftige
Aasdnandersetzungen mit -^ Richard Rcdler u.a Vertr. des
Amurian Naiumal Committee unter — Hans Rott u. -^ Guido
ZCTfuiio in New York. Bis 1947 in Kanada u. den USA als Pu-
frfihsi u. Hochschullehrer für pol. Wiss. tätig. 1947 Rückkehr
•Sfcch Europa, Wohnsitz in Meggen/ Kanton Luzern; Korr. u.
Mrurb. zahlr. amerikan. u. dt. -spruchiger Ztg. u. Zs., u.a. News-
mtk, Christ und Welt. Rheinischer Merkur, kölnische Rund-
■AffM. Vaterland Luzern, Bayern-Kurier u. Neues Abendland.
\«m. einer Politik der Stärke gegenüber der UdSSR.
W: u.a. Der Griff nach Ö.sterreich. Zürich (Furopa-Verlag)
WS. After Hitler Stalin? Milwaukee (Bruce) 1946 (dl.: Von
Tilkyrand zu Molotow, Zürich 1947 u. Stuttgart 1952);
Außenpolitik mit falschen Begriffen. 1947; Die Rettung
!>ei)tschlands. 1952; Bündnis oder Krieg? 1955; Hitlers glück-
TidisicrTag: London, am 18. Juni 1935. 1962. L: Molden, Ge-
wissen; Goldner, Fmigration; Maimann, Politik; Fbneth, Stän-
4Sesuat. Qu: Arch. Hand. Publ. Z. IfZ.
itcr, Norbert Nehemia, Ingenieur; geb. 1920 Wien; V:
Moses Moritz I. (geb. 1893 Osteuropa, gest. 1968 IL), 1934
EÄigr. Pal.; M: Sara (geb. 1898 Osteuropa), 1^34 Fmigr. Pal.;
C: Alfred (geb. 1923 Wien), Zahnarzt, 193*4 Fmigr. Pal.;
• 1946 Shoshana Lachovsky (geb. 1924 UdSSR); K: Yaacov
ijtb. 1951); Amos (geb. 1954); Gideon (geb. I960|; Tunuir
Ifeb. 1963); StA: österr.. Pal. /IL. [Vci^: 1934 Pal.
Rcalgymn., 1934 Fmigr. I^alästina 1934-37 Herzliya-Gymn
TcJ Aviv; Dipl.-Ing. (MaschBau) ii B. Comm. Univ. Li>ndon,
W2-46 Ing. m brit. Armee, 1946 4^; Produklionsing. bei Lir-
«enin Loughborough u London: 1949 Rückkehr nach Israel,
1949-53 techri. Dir. Koor Industries Ltd., 1953-62 icchn. Dir.
spraghlgen Eigratlon nach 1933. Wuenönen
der Wiedergutmachungsorg. Shilumim Corp., 1961 Sonderbe-
rater Min. für Handel u. Industrie, 1962 Mitgl. isr Handels-
mission in Kanada; ab 1962 Teilh Ing- u. Wirtschaftsberater-
firma N. Inlraier& Assoc, gleichz. Berater isr. hnlwicklungs-
min.. L-^r. Industr. Development Bank u. Industrieabt. der Jew.
Agency. Mitgl Inst, of Mechan Hngineers London, Rotary
Club Internat. Lebte 1974 in Ramal Gan/Israel.
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tural Industry in hrael. 1969. Qu: Fb. Hand.- RFJL
Irmer, Erich, Verleger. Weg: GB.
Inh. ISK-Verlag Öffentliches Leben in Berlin (- Willi Eich-
ler). Mai 1933 Schutzhaft, 1934 einer der Führer der illeg. ISK-
Arbeit. Emigr. nach GB, Führungsmitgl. der ISK-Gruppe Lon-
don.
L: Link, ISK ; Röder, Großbritannien. Qu: Arch. Publ. - IfZ.
Israel, Herbert, Dr. rer. pol., Warenhausunternehmer; geb.
16. Apr. 1903 Berlin, gest. 5. Aug. 1961 Sirmione/I; jüd.; V:
Berthold I. (geb. 1868 Berlin, gest. 1935 Berlin), jüd., Abitur,
1894 Mitinh., 1905 Alleininh. Kaufhaus N. Israel Berlin, Mitgl.
jüd. Gde., VorstMitgl. Esra. Uilfsverein u. Verein der Freunde
der Hebräischen Universität: M: Amy, geb. Solomon (geb. 1872
London, gest. 1950 Hollywood), 1935 Emigr. GB, 1940 USA;
G: Viva Prins(geb. 1896 Berlin, gest. 1920 London);- Wilfrid
Israel; 6V/I.- deutsch; USA. Weg: 1939 GB, 1940 Haiti, 1940/41
USA.
1925 Dipl.-Volkswirt, 1926 Prom. Berlin, 1927-28 in New
York. Ab 1928 Ltr. Warenabt. Kaulliaus N. Israel Berlin, März
1933 zeitw. Festnahme durch SA, 1935 Teilh. N. Israel, 9. Febr.
1939 Geschäftsübernahme durch Lmil Köster AG. März 1939
Emigr. GB, 1940 nach Haiti, Winter 1940/41 in die USA mit
Ein Wanderervisum. 1943-45 Tätigkeit in der Marktforschung.
Spenden an das Wilfrid Israel House for Oriental Art im Kibb.
Ha?orea.
W: Die Stellung des Textilgroßhandels in der Zeit der
Zwangswirtschaft in und nach dem Kriege (unter besonderer
Berücksichtigung des Webwarenhandels) (Diss.). 1926. L:
Reissner, H. G., The Histories of Kaufliaus N. Israel and of
Wilfrid Israel. In: Yearbook III, LBI London, 1958. Qu: HGR.
Pers. Publ. - RFJL
Israel, Wilfrid, Kaufhausuniernehmer; geb. II. Juli 1899
London, gest. I. Juni 1943; jüd.; G: - Herbert Israel; oo led.;
StA: bis 1941 deutsch, brit. Weg: 1939 GB.
Privatschule in Berlin, 1921-39 Angest., 1922-35 Geschäftsf.
im Familienbetrieb Kaufhaus N. Israel, 1925 Einrichtung einer
betriebsinternen Schule für kaufm. Lehrlinge, Einstellungeines
Sozialarb. zur Betreuung von Angest., Verkaufsverbot für mil.
Spielzeug; 1935 nach Tod des Vaters mit Bruder Herbert Israel
Inh. u. „Betriebsführer*' bis 14. Nov. 1935. 1920-40 Reisen
nach Palästina, Polen, Litauen, Indien, Osiasien u. in die
UdSSR, Sammler ostasiat. Kunst, Teiln. an wohltätigen Pro-
jekten der jüd. Gde., u.a. Unterstützung der Gesellschaft der
Freunde, Förderung der Öffentlichkeitsarb. des Berliner Anti-
Kriegsmuseums {-* Ernst Friedrich), der Siedlungspolitik von
AgrO'Joint in der UdSSR u. des Waisenhauses in Kaunas/Li-
tauen (späteres Kinderdorf Ben-Schemen/Palästina). 1927-28
Beteiligung an der Verlegung des Hebräischen Naiionalthea-
ters nach Palästina, 1933 Miigr. Zcntrulausschuß fiir Hilfe und
Aufbau. Reichsvcrtretung. 1933 Mitgr. Kinder- u. Jugend-Ali-
jah. März u. Juni 1933 jeweils kurzzeitige SA-Haft, 1937
Einzug des Reisepasses. Ab 1937 Dir. Hilfsverein. 1938 Einrich-
tung eines Hilfsausschusses, der sich für Freilassung ehem. An-
gest. aus dem KL Sachsenhausen n. für die Auswanderung jüd.
Angest. nach Palästina einsetzte. 9. Febr. 1939 unter pol. Druck
(ieschaftsubergabe an Emil Köster AG. Mai 1939 Emigr. GB,
1939 40 Verbindungsmann /wi.>chen RegScellen u. jüd. Unter-
stüi/uHL' II Flüchilingsorg. in GB, Wohliätigkeitsarb. u. Ein-
satz lur i iiiiassung von Inierniciten, 1940 Besuch im Kibb. Ha-
;forea/Pji.jviina, Jum lv4l Miigr. AJR, VorstMitgl. ICA,
1941-43 H.jater der dl. u jüd Abt im ausländ. Forschungs- u.
1980. vol. I^^
xT
^
I 4
iä
< ki
t:- :.
.y
* .. «-
■ ^
322 Italiener
Pressedienst des Roy.l |„s, „f Internal. AfT.irs in Oxford
M.rz^.n, 1943 ,.A. der ./,... A„;uj „ach Portugal u Spanl
Ken ig'irv" "'." ' l''^l'"ings,ra„spor.c„ n'cl, l-aL ,"!
>■ ist .vtk """" 7*^ ',■; '""'"'' ^"" '-'" riüchtlin,.n nach
I alastud Kam aul de>n I lug von Lissabon nach London heim
Abschutf der Maschine durch dt. Luriwafle um. - ^,Mr Dur"
WinJet, i, Ju),,;ul-Aliiah Lrrichtung des Wilfrid-Israel-Wohn-
he.ms im Kniderdorf Ik-n-Schemen. 1951 LröCfnung des Wi|.
Irrd-Israel-Hauses füroslasiat. Kunst u Studien in Kibb Hazo-
rea; hintragung in Goldenes Buch des J.N.F.
L: Wilfrid Israel (Gedachinisausg. mit F.inlührung von
Z 2 ^''^'"f''^» '"^44: R'^i'^^ner. H. G., The Hi.stories of
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LBI London 1958; »entwich. Norman, Jewish Youth Comes
^Z'c^r- T VT^' ^">"'' <^"^ f^^'""- "" W. Israel).
1944 Colv.n, lan, Fhght 777. 1957: Bewährung im Unterganfi
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Ab 1926 Mitgl. dl.-jüd. Wanderbund Kameraden u. nach
lo^o 'i'l'^o I !"■ ''" ""' "'"^ hervorgeg. Roten Fähnleins.
V29-3I Reichsitr. Soziahslischer Sehülerhund. 1931-33 .Stud
ladagogik Univ. Berlin. Mitgl. Reichsitg. Ro,e Sludenlengrup-
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u. .Statistik; Tätigkeit als Journ., Mitgl. FDJ Paris 1919-41 In-
ternierung, im 2. WK in der Resistance (MO!)- 'l94l-52 u a
m,/'"? "^'""^ '""'■''"^ Flüchtlingskinder in Frankr., ab
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oo Helene Stein; K: - Ernest I. Jacob. Weg: 1938 GB
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klass. Philologie u. Orientalistik Breslau; Religionslehrer in
onr',« o uu^"- ^.'"''"'"" «erste jüd. SludOrg. an dl. Univ.).
1906-29 Rabbiner in Dortmund. 1924 Doz. Lehrhaus Frank-
furt/M. 1929 Pensionierung. Übersiedlung nach Hamburg,
dort Stud. der Bibele.xcgesc. Publizist. Eintreten gegen Antise-
mitismus Kritiker des Zionismus; Mitgl. Vereinigung der Libe-
ralen Rahhiner Deulschlands. VorstMital. CV. 1939 Emigr GB
mit Unterstützung des brit. Oberrabbiners H Hertz 1939-49
Fortsetzung der Bibel.stud.. bes. des Pentateuch. Anhänger text-
immanenter Interpretation, deshalb Ablehnung extremer Bibel-
kritik. Mitarb. Inst, for Jew. Learning London.
W: .s^ Bibliographie in Meyer. H.C. (Hg.). Aus Geschichte
und Leben in Westfalen. 1962. Qu: EGL. Hand. Publ. - RFJI.
Jacob, Berthold (d.i. Salomon. Berlhold Jacob). Publizist
geb. 12. Dez. 1898 Berlin, gest. 26. Febr. 1944 Berlin- V David
Salomon. jud.. Kunsthändler u. Seifenfabrikant 1943 von Ge-
n'Z s^'^o'^'j ^'^ ^'"""- ^'^- '^"■^'^"^'"- <^- Gerhard
(1903-56). Ps. Hans Roger Madol. 1923 Ausw F DK GB
1949 USA. Schrittst. ; Wolfgang. Bankfachmann, 1933 Emigr'
NL, nach 1945 USA; oo 1931 Else Lau (geb. 1898). Emigr. mit
Ehemann. 1937 Ausbürg.. 1940 Internierung Ours 1941 Port
1950 Rückkehr nach Demschland (BRD): StA deutsch*
^ .n'.'PJ!?-' ^"^"^"^g- »■''.?■ I"^32 F: 1935 Deutschland. CH.'
F: 1941 E.Port.. Deutschland.
Gymn..ab I9l4kaurm. Lehre. 1917-18 Kriegsfreiw (EK II)
Hinwendung zum radikalen Pazifismus, ab 1920 Journ • Mitgl'
Fnedenshund der Krieg.steilnehmer. DEM. Deululie Frieden.i-
gesellsciwit 1921-24 durch Vermittlung Kurt Tucholskys stän-
digermihtarpol. Mitarb. Berliner Volk.s:eitt,ng. 1924 Mitgr Re-
puhhkanisehe Partei Deutschlands, ab 1925 Mitarb., kurzfristig
Berliner Red. Da', andere Deutschland u. 1925-26 Red der Bei-
lage Warte für Menschenrechte (Organ der DEM): daneben
Juni 1925-Herbst 1928 Mitarh. Die Welthühne: mehrere Ver-
fahren wegen antimilitarist. Enthüllungsart., u.a. Dez. 1929 im
sog. Feme-ProzeM mit ( arl von Ossietzky verurteilt 1928-29
nach dem sog. Ponton-Prozell 8 Mon. Festungshaft wegen ver-
suchten Landesverrats; 1926 Mithg, der Pressekorr. Zeit-Noti.
:en. deren Enthüllungen den Anstoß zum Rücktritt des Reichs-
wehrchels General von Seeckt gaben. Ab 1928 kurzfristig Red
der Monatszs. Der Krieg, anschl. Mitarb. u.a. bei Dortmunder
Generalanzeiger. Welt am Montag u, linkssozdem. Presse 1928
trotz äußerst kritischer Haltung gegenüber sozdem Politik Ein-
tritt in SPD. 1931 zurSAPD. Mitarb. Sozialistische Arheiter-Ze,-
lung Juh 1932 in Erwartung von Verfolgungsmaßnahmen
durch Rechtskreise u. NatSoz. Emigr. nach Straßburg. Mitarb
Siraßburger Neueste Nachrichten. La Republique. später auch
der Exilpresse. u.a. Die Neue Weltbidme. Pariser Tageszeitung
Das Neue Tage-Buch. Mitgl. Verband deutscher Journalisten im
>^
^^Lo^aaJ^
JM^Vk. f^A^t«.!^ }$SSC>^Z)
i
I!
^u$ ^ec meiii^6Nu»l»a6l
^09 9u6cnfaufi)ou9 2itatl
■Jutben btn fiunbcn übt. iHa,nfct,martn j„ Cj*"-f rdlcn
t I
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}acob JscQcl
£ln .ftäniglldiet ftaufmann- (fptidi: jODIfdiet fials-
flbfdineibrtj Dri oergangentn Jeit
aufgefcfimuft. eoStfr murbc ba« Wcfcfiflft t»07! bem €D^^
b«« «flföan. 3ofob :^iratl. fortnerübrt. Xann übcrnaij.
men bie «inbcr bc« ^arob .-^^rafl. bie ,^ubfn i>frrmdnn
unb lörrttjolD 35rQfl, bci6 C'^cmU. trin bcfonbcrd bcrüd).
UQtct 3uöc roat C^frrmann :\'5riirl. t^t fauftc lief) bcn
«onr. ..^...uatdtitel unb Dfrfchmanb bann plöntirf'
ftatte c« ndmli;^ fo toll jietrip6cn unb ein bcrartt.i
ui)iücircnbtv3 2ebeji .Kfü&rt. baH er fidi fclbil in bor "
itabt ^^erliri nn-fit mefir haften fmmre. ^:flun rvcir ^IVrr • ^
x^örofl ber allcinii^e (^cidinft^inljaBcr. Qt trieb fjdi ■' '
'len« aur JHcnen ^erum unb übcrlicö bie ^Irbcit bcn
bentKnoMcn. mi ecfiter ;1ube bad)te er natiirlid, ni:- ^
leinen eijcpen Cdtibbmci unb üernicfttcte in brutd.-'- •-
rucfnd)tj[oter iT^eife olle ffonfurrens, bie füt ifnn ?-•
aenenitcllte.
sn-u'^K^'^^^^'^''^'' "^^'»^"afimen bie fjeutiaiMi ^ni'-a
;L«ilfrifö unb Orrbert ^.5rQe( bd^ &c\Mn iJ)r'cr \lVitcr i • ^
'^i'fV^ '"c^f" artbor,U'brarf)ten 5'3ci)e fort. Zi)ncn i.r
Jnibuf, Cffo, frofuri't Vcmai^Me:\ 'J^fuMfrfrrarc .V,
tr. «Urfjolff. erl*, v;;N unb i^Jpfccti'arfn-Cin«ufer «Hfr'i-
«iifir.-ir-fr 3trcve .'.l '
fflKiiin IHflr. RlribCMt.Mf.einfaufcr, 33crlin, «Ibredit.'iMittilc^
Wfflfj. ^o{tf, Tcrn*.(!infdufer. (PrrUn, 1IIIbrecht-«)[(f)tl'cf-
8m^. -^fdarf ».'.'irfr hrr i'fnfioitMüfffii, 5?frIin.i>Qlcnrff. Tt^-
'V.x'ibc rtrnfc *>'.» . »-' •
2otnn. Hror«. vH.„un:rc»:iJra«n-einfäufor, «»altn ?JC 43 »^rj<
H-"i ;'tra»";p ;w '
ir. iHfihnrr, Oannr*, i«.Tlin.vVirunc:PQib, '^iitcftraße 4 »\"--
rr ""' ^t^af^'''.'^ ramenfonfcfiion. il^frlm, (Mrr.'v^
:<flfob«bfra, Oond. ci::fiuffc für tflmfnftfibrr, Serlin-c^arf.
'(f. .«'•t:o:itrnnr ;u *
""%'.';,< ?'"I!\^'*?''"'"J'-^' ^^ff"«" ""^ 3c^retbtrarrn.
PuljiJiili'C 4*
3u bcn ^uben^cnoiicn iübfen u. a.:
r« yt «tilwrl», väiivrmaflfr unb Sefrctar, Öcrlin^barlo:.
I*!ll' ^"""' ''^0!^^"-'n-v:tnrduffr. «erlin. «cor^ifnfircftfrr !::
9.nU'hünf, •j^!)^^.]ol^rtrol•,f 27
arb««nD. «frntr. J. a:»lPeftor, Berlin, ^loffftraße 27.
^ ©eionberd C^rnfdife, i,;:b,0wlk |inb_aIlbcitti4Ufi, ^kr-
fTQuie ber Oubenfirnia 3*T0fl. '..•.J^..
©a.3 bQ4 0cfd)äftAi]cbaren ber ^^irmo Z^Tüti bctrif?:.
fo muB ncmflt werben, ba» bort ourf) ^eute norf) bjv<
glcirfie Vlntr eiber ftjftem Ijcrrfdu lüie früljer. ira:
cm stunbc bod iKirfjtige nic^i gcfunben unb loill uueiV:
,V \ r f ^^ K^n.thaus Israel- ,n issuc No. 33. I1I3S. The a.cicie ^ives a .short Rcnealo-
appeais on tnc hatk ot tnis page.
/
I
(
ft
77^^ Histories of ''Kaufhaus jV. Israel'' ^uiiLu
and of Wilfrid Israel
BY H. G. REISSNER
Businessmen and consumers in Northern Germany used to associate the
name 'N. Israel' with notions of trustwordiiness and quality. Jewish social
workers would try to secure the assistance of the Israel family when an
extraordinary voluntary effort was called for. The supreme sacrifice of
Wilfrid Israel is part of the last historic phase of liquidation of former
German Jewry and the beginnings of resettlement of its remnants abroad.
'N. Israel' was the last commercial enterprise in Berlin to surrender
control, on February 9, 1939, in compliance with the Nazi 'Regulation for
the elimination of the Jews from German economic life', dated November
12, 1938. The firm was, up to that time, also one of only a handful -
Gentile, Jewish or 'Non-Aryan' - with an unbroken record of trade acti-
vities of more than a hundred years. By then, the Israel family had resided
in Berlin for 198 years. Through marriages in the first three generations,
they were related to the founding fathers who, in 1671, had re-establishcd a
Jewish Community in Berlin after the Thirty Years' War. Marriages in the
fourth and fifth generations linked them to the Anglo-fewish 'Adler* clan.
In the coursc of two centuries, the Israel family had thus completcd a
civic circle. It had becn initiated by an immigrant youth from the East, who
had attained the Status of an 'Extraordinary Protected Jew'. His son had
advanced to 'Ordinary Protected Jew', and, later in life, to Prussian Citizen.
Three more generations enjoyed the Status of Prussian and German citi/ens
respectively. The sixth was reduced again to that of 'Emigrcs'. In business,
die family had started out as dealers in second-hand garments, but wound
up as the owners of a renowned department störe in addition to which
there was a considerable wholesale department. Their growth paralleied
that of Berlin: out of the debris of a devastating 17th Century war, and
from the seat of local trade and administration, to an Imperial capital,
home of world-spanning industry and exchange. Liquidation of the finn
and emigration of the family preceded, by but six years, die debacle of
the 'Third Reich'. Fert unda, nee regitur - the wave carries, but it cannot
be controlled: It was the good fortune of the familv to live in a time of
geiieral political consolidation, a favourable social climate, economic pros-
perity; but they persevered also in times of political defeat of the native
State, social reaction, and economic crisis. Eleraentary conditions just
'existed'. The family's personal contribution and achievement were basic
human qualities, - patience, steadfastness, circumspection, commercial and
social responsibility.
227
I
!
2 2-8 H. G. Reissner
k
Inasmuch as names and data may othenvise be confusing, we tabulate
below the principal actors in consecutive order:
m^
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3
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The Kaufhaus TV. /ir^e/
I. REB JACOB (LATE 17tH C.) OF SCHNEIDEMUHL
229
The tombstone of the founder of the family in Berh'n reveals thathe himself
was the *son of the late R'J', from Schneidemühl', a township thcn — and
again now — not far from the western border of Poland. This 'Reb Jacob*,
who lived around the turn of the 17th Century, may, or may not, have been
a native of Schneidemühl. For Jews took up residence in Schneidemühl
only at the beginning of the 17th Century. Twice during the same Century,
the town, an accumulation of wooden houses, was burnt to the ground; it
was pillaged during the Wars of the Swedes and visited by a recurrence of
epidemics.
A prey of natural and political catastrophes, and moreover repressed by
Polish feudal society, it was only logical for an ambitious Jewish youth to
covet the comparative breadth of opportunity seemingly held out by the
neighbouring State of Brandenburg-Prussia. However, her rulers, the
Hohenzollerns, did not feel by humanitarian duty bound, nor could thev
afford to grant refuge indiscriminately to the uprooted of preceding wars
in many European countries. Selected Protestant refugees from France and
Austria were admitted. An invitation had also been extended, in 1670, to a
testricted number of Jewish families, just banished from Vienna, to take up
residence in certain prescribed locations, including Berlin and Potsdam.
These were the nuclei of future, state-controlled mercantilistic growth. The
permissible and expected Jewish contribution lay mainly in the fields ot
textiles and accessories for the clothing industries. Fringe concessions belo\^*
or above that level were re-sale of second-hand clothes, pawnshops, monev-
lending, and purveying for ordnance and royal court requirements. Original
Community privileges granted to the Jews included freedom of reHgious
assembly in private, besides the application of Mosaic law in family and
inheritance matters as well as an optional rabbinical arbitration in instances
of jnternal dispute. Relations between affluent and poorer Jews were not
always harmonious; nor was the attitude of the Christian majority free o£
prejudice and hostility. However, it suited the authorities to introduce a
measure of competition into previously stagnant economic life, and diev
were confident that they could maintain an equilibrium between the
various conflicting interests for the benefit of the body politic as a whole.
II. ISRAEL JACOB (1710—1786), 'EXTRAORDINARY PROTECTED JEW' in BERLIN
Out of the disintegrating realm under the Polish White Eagle, and into the
expanding, controlled Commonwealth under the Prussian Black Eagle,
stepped the youth Israel (son of) Jacob, from Schneidemühl. Documentarily
he can be traced only since he established residence in Berlin in 1741.
However, the records of the Berlin Jewish Community refer to him as well
1
I
^i^ ^ H.G. Reissner
names. It must, therefore, be surmised that Israel Jacob actuallv spent
marHa™ -n'Berrn t'I; '^'"-^ '^ "" ^''^ " '^^^''^ ^'^ statu! llgh
man lage in Berlin. The pnvilege of residence being an anxiouslv euirded
capual asset in the hands of the founder families of^wish ZlSes "n
Prussia. an outsjder's best hope to gain access was IhroughTrH " „S
subsequent royal confirmation. This is what Israel Jacob did He married
Rebecca widow of Liebmann Moses, a grandson of Jacob ö terreiTh one
tlb •'''."?'":>■ "-^f^g^« f-- Vienna. Through this marriage Israel
Jacob acquired the personal Status of an 'Extraordinary Protecfed Tew
Such Status was valid until the holders death, but was not hereditary'
Ch Idren. .f any. would remain in the father's custody while he was äl ve
but they were not permuted to establish residence in their own right n«;
K, engage m bus.ness activities in their own names. Theoretically they
were subject to expulsion after the father had passed away ^' ^
Israel Jacob entered into business partnership with bis wife Rebecca's
to 't\'"T''''' ''°"^ ''^>^^' ''-''' ^'P' - Vn stall Tnd tttd n
lore. l/oO Israel Jacob became the sole owner. Rebecca died in 17-16
ivithout having borne him any children. Israel Jacob was remarried at the
nd of the sarne year, to Gitel Kounitz. another granddaughter of lacob
C sterreKh and consequently a first cousin of Israel Jacob-sfirst u^ e^The
Hfspnng of th:s second marriage were three children. a daughter andlwo
•nrbled'isrT'r'V"'"^' °^ twenty-four years from his open stall trade
"owners 1.^ of'a h'° ^«^f ^^^^h^' -- «bviously his life's ambition:
lie ownersh.p of a house for famdy and business. In 1750 a "Roval Con-
.f forty However. economic needs of the State, in the wake of the tiuee
ne.r number. The house he purchased for 1.276 Rtlr 12 gr of deflated 1765
urrency was one of the oldest existing in Berlin. It had been construc ed
:^tuZ'^V "^^ '."' """^^- '"^ •^-'-" was at Paroch '
rase 3/. t rernamed m the family until 1847. Its outward appearance
as left undisturbed untd the entire block was razed in April 1937 to m^ke
•ay tor one of Hitler's architectural aspirations for his capital ci y Twa
perfect example of contemporary 'coloniar style, having a b ead ii o
ork. fUled m wuh bnck. stuccoed on the street front and crowned bv a
opmg roof but otherwise bare of ornamentation. The house .vs close
.the Workshops of Israel Jacob's supplying tailors. At the same time
as conveniently located for customet. passing along the main t" d"
I »
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 231
thoroughfare of Spandauerstrasse and Molkenmarkt in the heart of the
The ensuing years were highlighted by clashes recurring from 1769 to
1783. between Berlm Jewish garment dealers (petitioning collectively as
die mit Kleidern handelnde hiesige Jüdenschaft) and the tailors' trade
umon, over the formers' intrusion into the ränge of ready-made new
garments The outcome of this struggle, by royal 'decree'. was eventually in
favour of the Jews. Incidentally this decision was the basis for the later
prommence of the garment and clothes industry in Berlin, important
future customers of 'N. Israelis.' 'ponani
Israel Jacob cannot have had more than the most superficial notion of
the stirrmgs of Tnlightenment' which. under the impact of Moses Men-
delssohn. began to loosen the secular outlook of Berlin Jewish society Israel
Jacob took regulär time out for the study of the Torah. He also particioated
m administrative Community affairs. On Feb. 13, 1786, he set up a will in
Hebrew language and 'following the laws of the Torah*. Ten davs later he
died and was buried the same day in the cemetery Grosse Hamburgerstrasse
It rernamed an oasis of peace until the last phase of the Nazi holocaust."
III. JACOB ISRAEL (1753-1821), 'ORDINARY PROTECTED JEW',
LATER PRUSSIAN CITIZEN
Jacob Israel, eider son of Israel Jacob, observed. in all details, patterns
previously established by his father. He secured legal Status through mar-
nage at the age of 24. His bride Bune was the daughter of an 'Ordinarv
Protected Jew", Levin Meyer David, himself, in turn, an in-law of the Ries'
another one of the original founder families. The Status of 'Ordinary Pro-
tected Jew- was superior to that of the 'Extraordinary'. It was hereditary
for the benefit of one child and his or her spouse at least; but such exten-
sion was subject to prior purchase and export of a quantity of so-called
^^'^S.T', ™^""f^""'-e^ by the Royal China Factory in Berlin. Each lot
and 30 r' ^^"^ '° ^^ '"^'^ ^^''°'''^' ^"'^'""g ^ '°^^ of between 25 %
Jacob Israel also continued to occupy his father's house, the birthplace
of eight children in the third generation in Berlin, three daughters and
five sons. At the same address he carried on the father's old garment trade
He clung to this line even after the emancipatory 'Edic' of March 11 181"
removed all previously existing limitations of Jewish commercial activities"
Jacob Israel also stayed away from the trade association of 'Bankers
and Merchants of the Jewish Religion', formed in Berlin in 1803 and
merged with the three existing Christian merchants' guilds into one 'United
Exchange Corporation' in 1805. Furthermore he refrained from participa-
tion m secular efforts of the first post-Mendelssohnian generation, such as
the Gesellschaft der Freunde", founded in 1792.
fl
232
H. G. Reissner
I
^asically Jacob Israel shared a complacent disposition of the mind with the majority
of his pious fellow Jews. but also with vast numbers of Prussian Christians. After the
X^^ .^ old Order of royal 'Cabinef rule. under the impact of Napoieon's victory
in 1806, freedom had to be 'prescribed by legislative action' to all classes of State subiects.
Obediently. Jacob Israel accepted for himself the last two grants of 'enlightened despo-
tisni , dcsigncd to rcjuvenate the defcatcd kingdoni. In line with 272 other Berlin Jews,
^iQf^a^^ summoned to the synagogue in Heidereuthergasse during the week of April (>'
1809 to be sworn in as a municipal Citizen. The already mentioned 'Edict' of 1812 con-
ferred upon him as an 'Ordinary Protected Jew' automatically the Status of 'native
Citizen (Emiander und Preussischer Staatsbürger). As stated above, the 'Edict' removed
all hithcrto existing limitations of Jewish trade activitics as well as separate taxation
levied on Jews qua Jews. It also repcalcd the application of Mosaic Law in family and
inheritance matters. Moreover Jews werc declarcd subject to militarv service (Jacob Israel's
eldest son Meyer subsequently volunteered for active duty in the War of Liberation
against Napoleon in 1813). Finally, the adoption of 'fixed' familv names for Jews was
prcscribed. Consequently an 'Aron Lazarus' could turn into an 'Anton Lorenz' or a former
•Wolf Joseph Llirsch' into 'W. J. Hörtcl'. Jacob Israel, however, chose to remain Jacob
Israel. He also prevailed upon his sons to adopt 'Israel', the first name of the founder of
their line in Berlin, as the family's civic name. Had there been no 'Edict', or had
patemal authority not been exercized, Nathan Israel, the later founder of the firm *N
Israel', might have bccome known as 'Nathan Jacob' in accordance with the old custom,
or he might have elected to 'Gcrmanize' his surname.
Jacob Israel, a Prussian 'citizen', established his will in accordance with
secular law, on April II, 1821 and died live months later. He, too, was
buried in the Grosse Hamburgerstrasse cemetery. The eldest son Meyer
purchased the paternal home from the estate for 2,300 Rtlr. The value of
the entire estate amounted to 6,432 Rtlr 16 gr 3 pf.
IV. N.\THAN ISRvVEL (1782-1852), PRLSSIAX CITIZEN AND FOUNDER
OF THE FIRM 's. ISRAEL'
Until the age of thirty, i.e. until 1812, xXathan Israel had the Status of a
'non-established' (nicht angesetzter) younger son of an 'Ordinary Protected
Jew'. For the time being he followed his father's occupation, dealing in old
and new clothes. Only after the Prussian victory over Napoleon did Nathan
Israel venture to step ahead. Upon application filed on Dec. 3, 1814, the
Chief of Police certified that Nathan Israel belonged to a family recognized
I as Prussian Citizens. On Feb. 16, 1815 he rendered the prescribed oath in
the local synagogue and, thereupon, received his certificate of municipal
citizenship. Next month, on March 10, 1815, Nathan Israel started trading
in his own name in a rented place, Jüdenstrasse 18. This day is taken to be
the date when the firm of *N. Israel' came into existence. However, for the
next three years, Nathan Israel pursued his old line, as a Mobilienhändlcr
und Trödler (i.e., dealer in new and second-hand soft goods). The vear
1818 became the decisive milestone in his personal life as well as in his
career.
He was now nearly thirty six years old, and still a bachelor. On May 3.
1818, a marriage contract was drawn up, setding a dowry of 1,500 Rtlr on
M
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 233
seventeen year old Edel Levy, Nathan Israel's bride-to-be. As in the instance
of the bridegroom himself. Edel Levy's grandfather had also once acquired
residence privileges in Berlin through marrying into one of the original
founding families from Vienna. The marriage was solemnized on August
29, 1819. It lasted nineteen years and ended with Edel's death at the age of
thirty-seven in 1838. She bore her husband eight children of whom two sons
and four daughters grew up to maturity.
In anticipation of marriage and a new business project, Nathan Israel
entered into a rent agreement with the Berlin Municipality in 1818. The
agreement, with certain amendments, remained in force for altogether
twenty-five years, until 1843. Originally it covered a shop facing the market.
an adjoining four-room rear apartment and one store-room each in basement
and attic, in the municipality owned house Am Molkenmarkt 2. In 1831,
Nathan Israel rented three additional living rooms with appurtenances on .
the fourth floor and two more attic rooms, clearly in order to provide for
expansion. For the ensuing ten years he paid a total annual rent of 330 Rtlr
20 gr, thereafter 20 Rtlr more.
The house Am Molkenmarkt 2 was sandwiched between the Criminal
Court and the Police Headquarters (Polizeipräsidhivi). In the rear was the
municipal prison. The house had a breadth of seven Windows and a height
of four stories, plus two more stories of alcoves recessed into a high roof.
On the main floor, there were a passage for carriages, the descent into the
basement, the staircase of the house and the störe to be occupied by Nathim
Israel.
In these premises he started a business in Silesian linen fabrics. His
reasoning must have been the following: Prussian customs legislation of
that year had done away with provincial barriers. The artificially protected
textile industry in Berlin promptly collapsed, whereas provincial manu-
facturers - in Silesia as well as in the West - profited. Berlin transformed
itself into a trading centre. Transport then was still mainly waterborne.
Stocks of Silesian linen fabrics had to be accumulated in spring and in the
autumn; during summer, the level of the river Oder became too low; in
Winter, the rivers Oder and Spree were often frozen. In these circumstances,
one function of the linen merchants in Berlin was to maintain an adequate
stock for three main groups of customers: local consumers, secondary in-
dustries, and retailers in the provinces. Dividing lines were somewhat fluid.
'N. Israel' combined retail and wholesale activities from the very beginnin^:
and retained the same pattern to the very end. Only at a later date did the
firm take up processing itself. According to the shifting emphasis ot
demaiid, physical stock could be switched from one outlet to the other.
Nathan Israel travelled, with horse and buggy, to the periodic fairs of
Frankfurt-on-Oder and Leipzig. These fairs were to gain additional import-
ance due to the establishment of a 'Customs Union' between the major
States in Germany in 1834. Merchandise which might have failed to find
•
(
-34
H. G. Reissner
l
US tomers in Berlin could then still be disposed of during the fairs, and
ce versa.
The secondary industries mentioned above were entrepreneurs who now
ad goods manufactured commercially which, formerly, had been produced
>y the family at home for its own requirements. No longer did the mother
f a bride-to-be buy entire pieces of linen months ahead of the wedding
!ate; no longer did the female members of the household sit together
utting and sewing bed, table and kitchen linen and underwear for the
ride's trousseau. These tasks were presently assumed by 'needlework
aining schools' for girls run under the auspices of the commercial entre-
reneurs. Not much later, retail dealers themselves began to stock finished
■nen goods in addition to piece-goods.
After some time, the linen trade had to face two new competitive mate-
ials: cotton and wool. Henceforth the retailer would also have to carry
oloured or printed cotton material for shirts and aprons, as well as cotton
edticks, and woven woollen material, wom as shawls by women. Eventu-
lly shawls gave way to a new fashion in manufactured heavy topcoats.
The entire period was one of feverish expansion. Berlin doubled its
»opulation to 400,000 in the thirty years since Napoleon's defeat. New
irms, competing with N. Israel, were established. Transport was revolu-
ionized by the introduction of railroads (the line from Berlin to Breslau
ri Silesia was completed in 1846). This eliminated regard to the vagaries
>i the seasons from the planning of industrial Output and commercial
e-ordering. Soon the turnover of 'N. Israel' outgrew the size of a one-
iian, or even a family venture. Nathan Israel's two sons joined their father
n the 1830's as soon as they had reached the ages of twelve respectively.
lommercial employees, not related to the family, were engaged from 1838.
Commercial apprentices were regularly taken in since the early 1840's.
When the Berlin Municipality cancelled *N. IsraelV lease on March 16,
1843, with effect from July 1, it took Nathan Israel less than a month to
purchase a house. It was located at Spandauerstrasse 28, a little to the
lorthwest of Molkenmarkt. The purchase price was 24,000 Rtlr, hereof
3,500 Rtlr in cash and the balance on mortgage. For a year, family and firm
lad to put up with temporary quarters until the new property was duly
acated and renovated. Future expansion would revolve around this
iUcleus. The proportions of the building, three stories of three Windows*
)readth, duplicated again those of the old place in Parochialstrasse. How-
!ver, the volume of business continued to grow to such an extent that
v'ithin five years, by 1849, an addition was indicated. The previous high
:oof was removed and a fourth floor installed instead. The firm was now
livided into four departments: linen piece-goods, manufactured linen
^oods, cotton piece-goods and woollen piece-goods.
These moves were partly financed by the raising of a mortage as mentioned above. Its
initial cost was 740 Rtlr annual interest at 4 %, against 350 Rtlr annual rent only in the
former location, plus maintenance and taxes on the new property. Besides there was the
1..
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 235
increase in trading stock for which 'N. Israel* paid in trade acceptances for a number of
years. However, high priority was attached to the reduction of long and short term
indebtedncss in the shortest possible time. When Nathan handed the business over to his
eldest son Jacob in summer 1850, a purchase price of 78,600 Rtlr was established. repre-
senting assets of 94,800 Rtlr, minus liabilities of only 6,200 Rtlr, less a further 10.000
Rtlr, to be considered as the son's patrimony. The transition was to be with retroactive
effect as of January 1, 1850, and subject to the express stipulation that the name of the
firm was to remain 'N. Israel'. A lithographed circular to suppliers and customers advised
that Nathan Israel was retiring due to considerations of age, and that he was transferring
the firm to his son Jacob 'who has been in sole Charge for a number of years.'
An oil painting from Nathan Israel's later years features him as small of
stature, wearing a black frock-coat, white starched shirt and black tie, a
black skull cap on his head, the slim face neatly shaved, with protruding
cheek bones and tight Ups. The look in his eyes is sober, perhaps somewhat
sad, as though there was a premonition of what the future might hold in
Store for his family and his work. While his had been a life of toil and
success in business, he had kept aloof from the political and social stirrings
of his contemporaries. His beut seems to have been that of an introvert.
Nathan Israel spent the last two years of his life at a rented cottage in
suburban Pankow, then a favourite spot for retired merchants. He died on
August 21, 1852 and was interred in the new Jewish cemetery in Schön-
hauser Allee.
V. JACOB ISR\EL (1823-1894), KÖNIGLICH PREUSSISCHER K0MMERZIENR.\T
The tenure of Jacob Israel is marked by peaks in the firm's expansion and
the family's social Status. He and his firm were identical; its business
reputation and his ensuing social recognition were intertwined. He had
had only an elemcntary secular school education, until the age of twelve,
and then entered his father's firm, working without leisure periods, except
on Sabbaths when the störe remained closed. Like his father, he thought of
marriage only after he had reached his mid-thirties, in February 1858.
Jacob Israel's ascendancy coincides with the territorial consolidation of
Prussia in the 1860's and the emergence of the Second German Empire in
1871. He kept abreast with chances for expansion of local, national, and in-
ternational trade and industry. During his lifetime, the population of Ber-
lin increased nearly tenfold. from 200,000 when he was born, to close to
2,000,000 when he died. - Equally striking were developments in transport,
Communications, and technology. The railway System continued to grow.
But there were also the telegraph, improvement of postal facilities, gas
light and the arc-lamp for major internal and external illumination. -
The sphere of public activities was enlarged, stimulating the needs of
general administration, the standing army, and social Services. Imperial
German ministries duplicated the existing set of Royal Prussian ministries
in the dual capital Berlin. Jacob Israel met these challenges with an all-
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H. G. Reissner
•
dut effort to increase the turnover. With the manufacturer his policy was
to reduce unit costs through the placing of bulk Orders and through utilizing
maximuin cash discounts available. For the customer's sake he had to be
competitive in price, quality, and assortment.
In the public sector an entire new set of potential institutional customers
had to be tackled - hospitals, barracks, officers' messes, hoteis, clubs,
theatres and other places of public or religious assembly. Orders were
usually given for comprehensive ranges of textile goods in acceptance of a
tender. To secure such Orders, the firm's representatives must be capable
of rendering expert advice; moreover, they had to master instinctively the
art of 'public relations'. Occasionally there were extraordinary events which
had to be dealt with at a moment's notice, for instance the supply of
inourning decorations for the entire length of public thoroughfares through
which the funeral proccssion passed on the death of the first Emperor of
the new German Reich in 1888.
The completion of the national railways reduced the importance of
regional fairs. Provincial retailers would come more often and regularly
to Berlin and place Orders with the wholesaler from stock or according to
samples. Conversely the wholesaler would henceforth employ a staff of
travelling salesmen on seasonal rounds of specific territories; they were to
solicit Orders on the strength of sample catalogues for later delivery by mail
or via railway.
In the particular instance of *N. Israel', a unique wholesaler-retailers
relationship ensued in Jacob Israel's days. He would apprentice his custom-
ers* sons from the provinces in his firm; he would also have them board
with him and, thus, exercize practically complete paternal authority. Until
Jacob Israel's marriage, his spinster sister Bella presided over the household.
She retained charge of the boarding young apprentices, who lived on the
top floor of the firm's building, after her brother and his young wife had
moved into a rented West-End apartment. - The apprentices of today grew
into the customers of tomorrow. Some would return to their home towns
and eventually step into their fathers' places. Others would remain in
Berlin and establish themselves in business, particularly in garment manu-
facturing which was to make 'Hausvogteiplatz' in Berlin a byword in
national and international garment trade.
Another consequence of this relation of trust between provincial custom-
ers and Jacob Israel was that they ^vould ask him to keep for their account
deposits of temporarily not needed money or savings. Disposing of these
liquid amounts and amplifying them with 'N. Israel's' own surplus funds,
the firm became an important factor in the call-money market at the Berlin
stock exchange in pre- World War I days. In 1933, 'N. Israel' still retained
nominal membership; it had, then, become the only commercial member
firm amidst professional bankers and brokers.
With continuously growing turnover, three adjacent plots in Spandauer-
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 237
Strasse were purchased in 1864 and 1870 respectively. For the time being
the buildings so acquired were left unchanged structurally. However,
internal passages were cut through the separating walls. In addition to
the existing four merchandise departments, four more were opened in
1865 (fabrics for furniture covering) , 1871 (silk fabrics; carpets) and
1875 (complete trousseaux). — The payroll of the firm rose to about 250
employees at the time of Jacob Israelis retirement.
Jacob Israel appropriated a local colloquialism as an adjective to describe
the character of his business. The word, viz. reell, implied intrinsic mer-
chandise quality, priceworthiness and service to the customer. Later on, it
was incorporated into a rhymed jingle 'Kaufe reell bei Israel'. Eventually,
in the form of the noun 'ReellitäV, it was adapted as the telegraphic address
of the firm. Had performance not corresponded to claim, the claim itself
would have been opcn to ridicule, and backfired. However, Jacob Israel
never pretended. Though deficient in formal higher education, he had ä
fine tact. He greeted visiting customers from North German or East
European landed estates as easily as he would help a huckstress put back
her basket on her Shoulders after the completion of her purchases. Ap-
parently he had an instinctive sense for innocent showmanship. When he
bade good-bye to customers at the exit, his stereotyped question in local
patois was: Harn Se jef linden? , meaning: *Did you find what you had been
looking for', and 'Were you satisfied?'
In Jacob Israel distinct enjoyment of publicity and succcss went togcrher
with utter personal frugality and economy. He could, indeed, have afforded
his own private carriage for daily rides from the apartment in the fashion-
able Tiergarten quarter to the city and back. A distinguished home \\as
just good enough for his wife, who came from England; but he himsclf
was content to travel by horse-drawn omnibus. In the backpocket of his
coat he carried with him Sandwiches for lunch. It was one of the appren-
tices' duty to run to the well in the backyard and bring him a glass of
water with which to wash down the Sandwich. He would pick up dropped
^clips, pieces of thread, etc., or switch off gas-lights when he thought tliey
were not needed just then. To the public he endeared himself by displaying
the frailties of a 'character', while basically he portrayed but himself.
Though not a scholar in his own right, a successful Jewish businessman
would normally aspire to marry at least the daughter of a rabbi. Jacob
Israel was betrothed, in May 1857, and married in London, the follo^\ ing
Februarv, to Minna Adler, daughter of Dr. Nathan Marcus Adler, Chief
Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the British Empire since
1845. She bore her husband three sons of whom two grew up to manhood.
Jacob Israel was also aware of the social obligations expected of a man
of his Station. Until failing health forced him to resign three months before
his death, he served as the honorary treasurer of the Baruch Auerbach Or-
phanage in Berlin. On the fiftieth anniversary celebration of the institute.
.238
H. G. Reissner
I
and in recognition of Jacob Israel's lasting contribution, the Order of thc
Prussian Crown, 4th Class, was bestowed on him.
Two years later, while celebrating his fiftieth anniversary with the firm
'N. Israel*, Jacob Israel made donations and established various endow-
ments, both for general and Jewish charitable purposes. A year later, on
March 13, 1886, the olficial gazette announced that His Majesty, the King
ot Prussia had granted the courtesy title (Charakter in German) of König-
licher Kommerzienrat to Jacob Israel. Such a title was highly coveted by
affluent businessmen and their families, putting as it did the seal of public
recognition and approval on their career and Status. A previous substantial
donation for benevolent purposes, such as Jacob Israel had made, was a
customary prerequisite. It would be wrong, though, to suggest that he had
just *bought' himself the title; for a mere successful adventurer could not
have obtained it for any amount. Jacob Israel had earned it in a lifc-time
of teil.
A Portrait in oil shows him in his natural poise, in a high-buttoned black
frock-coat, white dress-shirt and black tie, like his late father had worn. His
head is uncovered, the wavy black hair brushed back over his ears, empha-
sizing a high forehead. The beard is trimmed in contemporary 'Emperor
William V fashion, the moustache turning downward into a twin-pointed
füll beard around the chin. The straight nose and the somewhat sad look
of his brown eyes w^ere also strikingly like those of his late father.
There must, indeed, have been things weighing on his mind which
seemed as though foreordained. In his eldest son's character there was a
disposition which was to take a tragic turn eventually. Another inevitable
dilemma was highlighted in a clause of the will Jacob Israel established on
December 19, 1893. It permitted his sons to keep the business open on
Sabbaths (but not on the Jewish High Holidays) , provided they deemed it
necessary for reasons of competition, and provided further that, in 'atone-
ment', they would donate substantial additional sums for charitable pur-
poses.
On a cold and windy day in the following early March, Jacob Israel
attended the funeral of a minor Gentile employee. On this occasion he
contracted an inflammation of the lungs to which he succumbed on March
20, 1894. The funeral procession started from his house, stopped cere-
moniously in front of the firm and led to the Schönhauser Allee cemetery,
the resting place of his parents.
VI. BERTHOLD ISRAEL (1868—1935), 'BETRIEBSFÜHRER* BY VIRTUE OF N. S. LAW
The very successes achieved by Kommerzienrat Jacob Israel in business and
social recognition tended to upset the maturing process of his two sons
Hermann and Berthold. One might have expected that the father's choice
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 239 ,
of his spouse would revitalize the offspring. As far as a mere count goes in
matters of heredity, the two young men were 50 % of West German-Jewish 5
•Adler' stock against, on the father's part, 6]4% oi the original 'Israel' .
inheritance from Western Poland grafted upon 43 % % 'Viennese' blood ,
through marriages in three consecutive preceding generations. However,
environmental influences were stronger than biological ones, with the con- l
sequence that both brothers developed more or less heavy introvert ten-
dencies. Whereas Jacob Israel had been a cheerful, uninhibited extrovert r
himself, he also knew his social limitations. In the instance of his sons, .
however, this meant that they must breathe the thin air of the small upper-
crust of well-to-do Berlin Jewish bourgeoisie.
Both absorbed an unhurried higher education at the distinguished Lvcce
Fran^ais of Berlin. They then joined the paternal firm for thorough com-
mercial training. Both were made junior partners with effect from January
1, 1893. - Hermann Israel, the eider of the two, married the daughter of
an affluent Berlin Jewish merchant and, like his father, acquired the title
of Königlich Preussischer Kommerzienrat in 1903; but he was unable event-
ually to cope with the emotional strain which circumstances imposed upon
his Personality, and ended his life on November 18, 1905.
Berthold Israel solved his problem by choosing as his future bride :i first
Cousin, Miss Amy Solomon from London, like himself a grandchild of
the late Chief Rabbi Dr. Nathan Marcus Adler. After the betrothal in 1893.
Berthold Israel embarked upon a voyage around the world. The marriage
was celebrated in London on July 4, 1894. While married life ^^as as
harmonious as two married partners may desire, a complication arose from
the fact that Mrs. Berthold Israel never truly adjusted to life 'in exile' m
Germany. She tended to wrap herseif up in a dream world of artistic and
intellectual contacts, 'escaped' periodically to her native England and
achieved füll spiritual liberation only when, as a widow in 1935, she return-
ed 'home'.
Three children were born to them, a daughter, Viva, in 1896, and two
sons Wilfrid and Herbert, about whom more will be said belo\v. \^va
married a Dutch Jew, George F. Prins, but died in 1920, giving birth to
their son Vivian. Vivian Prins, Berthold Israel's only grandson, ^^as on
active duty as an officer in H.B.M.'s forces in the Near East, North Afnca,
and Italy during World \Var IL He lives in the U.S.A. at present.
During Berthold Israel's tenure, the 'Kaufhaus N. Israel' assumed the
shape and characier which is probably remembcrcd by many who re.id the
present memorial: an integrated block of five to six stories facing the Berhn
Municipal headquarters on Spandauerstrasse and comprising the better
part of the Square formed by Königstrasse, Poststrasse, and ProbsLsirasse.
It accommodated a speciality störe with departments for textile piece-goods
clothing, furniture, household and kitchen furnishings, wholesale and
export departments, and finishing Workshops.
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H^ H.G.Reissner
To have achieved this consolidation was no mean feat; for the era of
\TT^.r "^'"'^^ ^°' "^^ ^^™^" "^"°" ^"'^^d with the outbreak of
World War I in 1914. It was followed by a series of contractions. mitieated
of World War II, (1939-1945) . ^'''-'ysm
Even the years prior to 1914 were marked by growing competition
between representatives of different selling techniques. with the emphasis
on the expandmg chain störe System. Social tensions, both anti-capitalistic
and anti-Jewish, gained momentum beneath the imperial facade of the
Second German Reich. Dislocation of business ensued under the impact
of war (1914). and political coUapse (1918). Shortage of raw materials
poor Substitutes and, eventually, dearth of foreign exchange curtailed
turnover. The absorption of territories in the East by the recreated Re-
pubhc of Poland removed sizable Segments of the firm's wholesale clien-
tele. Stabihzation of a new German currency in 1924, and the influx of
foreign credits created a temporary breathing spell. With the upward trend
at US apex, m 1928, the total annual turnover of the firm exceeded 34 5
milhon Rm. The number of its employees was then close to 2,000. But in
1930, another national and international economic crisis intervened assum-
ing a catastrophical trend with the seizure of political power by the
National Socialist Party in 1933. The years through 1938 curbed economic
activit.es of Jewish-owned firms more and more, partly by coercion, partly
by legislation'. On November 12, 1938, three and a half years after Berthold
Israel s death, surrender of ownership and control of Jeivish enterprises in
Germany was decreed officially.
In the competitive circumstances of the pre-World War I and inter-war
penods, it would not have been enough for 'N. Israel' to defend its Status
quo Growth of the department and chain störe Systems had to be matched
with expansion of the speciality störe. This meant additional space, new
departments, and the readjustment of sales and administrative techniques
Whenever an opportunity presented itself from 1895 through 1931 the
firm acquired additional buildings in the above defined block. Actual
rebuilding took place in three stages, first in 1897, then in 1901 and finally
in 1928. Some of the plots owned, at the rear of the square, however, were
never integrated architecturally and retained their oldish, haphazard ap-
pearance. *
New departments were launched with a maximum of circumspection.
More often than not did the implementation of a particular step follow
immediately in the wake of a specific new tax law; for taxation was the
favourite Instrument through which the legislative body sought to influ-
ence further developments. - In 1895/6 *N. Israel' opened departments for
ladies', children's, and men's ready-made wear. - The Prussian 'Department
Store Tax' law of 1900 made it permissible to combine die sale of textile
goods with diat of furniture and interior decorations without incurring
24 r
''^ The Kaufhaus N. Israel
the penalty of an extra tax. 'N. Israel' followed suit with the addition of th •
latter two departments. - The income tax reform of 1919 abolished dij
criminatory rates for department stores entirely and bracketed taxation oniv
m relation to total turnover. 'N. Israel' responded by expanding into con
StXntersI ^°°''^ '' '-'''' ^^ '"^^ ^-P-'^- -- '^-^'oM an<l
Sales of textile piece-goods. both wholesale and retail, were boosted bv
the employment of contract printers. "N. Israel' would select and buy speci
fic des.gns simultaneously with the necessary basic material, and the con
tractor would redeliver the printed silk and rayon piece-goods
However, in contrast to other speciality stores, "N. Israel' withstood
the temptation to establish a branch in the new West End, around the
Kurturstendamm, during the inter-war years.
Interior renovations introduced light-well's, elevators, indirect lighting
etc. A fleet of motorized delivery vans served the city and suburban areas
Advertising, special shows and special saJes were stepped up. A modern
merchandise and expense control system was adapted from American
patterns after the return of Berthold Israel's younger son Herbert from ar
extended stay in New York in 1927-28.
Apart from these visible strides, there were certain other actions and
omissions which shaped the character of the firm in its last period -
Taking once again their cue from the trend of public legislation. the owner.
of N. Israel intensified their own voluntary social weUare programm
consistently. In 1883. Prince Bismarck had won his fight for compulsorv
stckness insurance, subsidized in part by the German Reich. Durine the
next six years, this law was followed by others covering accidents, perma-
nent incapacity and old age of employees, likewise financed by subsidies
trom the Reich and private employers' contributions. - Amplifyin? their
Obligation under public law, Hermann and Berthold Israel donated Rm
250,000 as a basic fund for old age and emergency relief purposes of needy
employees of the firm. This donation was made wiüiin three weeks of the
death of Kommerzienrat Jacob Israel. On March 30, 1895, the 'Jacob Israel
Endowment, Pension Fund for the Employees of the Firm N. Israel their
Widows and Orphans' was incorporated. It was on a contributory'basis
with the employer adding 50 % to the employees' regulär subscriptions!
On August 29, 1913, the above ratio was further changed in favour of die
employees, the latter paying 4^ % of their annual income up to Rm 6 000
and the employer adding 4 % from the firm's funds. Pensions due were
defined as subsidiary to. and over and above, disbursements of the Reichs-
Versicherungsanstalt under Federal law.
On January 1, 1902. a Betriebskrankenkasse was inaugurated to provide
for mstances of employees' sickness. again in addition to support due under
public law. - Free quarters were provided for an employees' recreationai
Club and a separate rowing club.
I
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H. G. Reissner
The most dramatic departure from the family's and firm's past tradition
though anticipated in Kommerzienrat Jacob Israel's will, occurred on Dec-
ember 14, 1907: for the first time. Berthold Israel threw the house open for
business on Saturdays. On Saturday afternoons generally, but particularly
dunng the pre-Christmas season, retail competition scored major sales
results. As heretofore, the firm remained closed on the High Jewish Holi-
days. During the Nazi years such closing was regularly advertised in the
Jewish press of Germany as a timely reminder of 'no change' so far.
After Easter 1925, 'N. Israel' launched an institution unique for the whole
of Germany, viz. a trade school for its apprentices owned, operated and
financed by the firm. It had long since become compulsory for all business
apprentices in Germany to attend courses in trade schools establishcd
under the auspices of the municipalities and financed by levies on local
employers. Now Berthold Israel sanctioned plans suggested by his son
Wilfrid and prepared by a qualified educator, Mr. Paul Krentz. Mr. Krentz
headed the faculty of 'N. Israel's' trade school (and, incidentally, due to his
qualifications, was later on appointed head of the personnel departmcnt).
All apprentices, young men and women, attended it in Heu of the pubHc
institutions. Graduation certificates had the same validity and recognition
as those granted for attendance at municipal courses. The school's entire
budget was met by the firm, which in addition continued to be levied for
general trade school purposes. 'N. Israel's' only material benefit was that
class sessions could be arranged in accordance with the firm's convenience,
and that practically no extra time was lost on travelling to and fro, because
rooms and equipment were provided in one of the firm's houses in Post-
strasse.
In the communal field, Berthold Israel was a member of the Assembly
of Representatives of the Jewish Community Berlin, until the death of his
brothcr. Afterwards he joined the board of the synagogue in Lützowstrasse,
which was 'liberal' ('conservative' in American parlance). Maintaining
affiliations of his late grandfather and father, Berthold Israel took an active
interest in the private benevolent association Magine Reim in Berlin. From
1895 until his death in 1935 he served as an officer of the Organization
Tsra', established in 1883 to promote Jewish colonization in Palestine on
a Philanthropie, non-political basis. At the instance of his son Wilfrid,
Berthold furthermore provided the means for the purchase of land and the
planting of a citrus on hard in the children's village Ben Shemen in Pales-
tine. Besides, during the last years of his life, he served as the treasurer of
the Berlin Society of Friends of the Hebrew University.
Berthold Israel looked rather different from other leaders of Berlin trade.
His appearance was that of a well-adjusted member of a merchants' guild
in the City of London. He wore a black bowler hat cocked, a black cane
clasped in his armpit, in winter also a black topcoat with a white handker-
chief visible in the outer breast-pocket. He was of medium height, his
i
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I
WILFRID ISRAEL (1899-1943)
■k>'.
k
i
^ ^;a-- '
ßtRIHOI.L) ISRAFL
Portrait by Joseph Opptiihcimcr
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 243
movements swift, his facial expression sometimes withdrawn, but at other
moments illuminated by a communicative smile and accompanied by an
infectious laughter in his sonorous voice. His forehead was high, as had
been Nathan and Jacob Israel's. His brown hair was combed back. His nose
was straight in profile, but somewhat curved like an interrogation mark
when the observer looked him into the face. This was due to an accident in
his youth when riding a 'penny-farthing' bicycle. His Ups were accen-
tuated by a brown moustache. His measured attitude inspired quiet,
justified confidence in his experience, decisions, and determination. His
knowledge of merchandise and marketing was hard to match. He checked
and rechecked his own judgnient permanently, on unobtrusive strolls
through competitors' shops (which he enjoyed) , or in conversation with
people whose acumen he respected. Wiseiy he gave rein to his sons and to
co-workers who had his confidence, though their basic philosophy was not
necessarilv his.
In albums pubhshed and distributed annually from 1899 to 1914, *N.
Israel' emphasized the historical links between the firm, the capital city of
Berlin and the Imperial Hohenzollern family. As late as February 1933,
Berthold Israel (in line with some other Berlin Jewish businessmen) was
approached by Baron von Lersner, in the name of Vice Chancellor von
Papen. He was solicited to contribute to the election campaign of the
Deutschnationale Volkspartei (German National People's Party), which
was then the junior coalition partner of Hitler's N.S.D.A.P. in the new
government. The implication, probably sincere as far as the individual
spokesman was concerned, was that Jews, too, ought to lend a band to curb
Hitler's extremism. Berthold Israel made a contribution; in an accom-
panying letter, though, he took exception to the anti-Semitic extravagance
of Herr von Papen's political allies. In return, he received a receipt, hand-
written and signed by von Papen, but omitting any reference to the donor*s
identity. During the following turbulent weeks. Berthold Israel and his
sons acted cautiously, calmly, and manfuUy. His sons and several other
executives of the firm were arrested, for the first time, by an S.A. detach-
ment on the afternoon of March 30, 1933, two days before the scheduled
boycott demonstration against Jewish firms and professional. Berthold
Israel happened to be away from the firm's premises at the time of this
occurrence. After hours of threats and intimidation, the S.A. leader finally
consented to contact the head of *N. Israel's' Nazi 'cell', who w^as also a Nazi
member of the Prussian Diet. His intervention brought about the release
of the group. The same night. Berthold Israel called on Justizrat Lütge-
brune, legal adviser of the S.A., in the latter's private apartment. Berthold
Israel introduced himself as the great-grandson of the founder of the firm
and the grandson of a rabbi. With a similar sense of decorum, the Justizrat
recounted that he was the descendant of Protestant clergymen. Berthold
Israel stated that his family had been identified with the firm for HS
I
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i44
H. G. Reissner
^ears, in good days and bad; however, the events of the aftemoon made it
Bicumbent upon him, as the owner and a father, to explore how the recur-
•ence of unwarranted interference could be prevented. Lütgebrune, who
lad been instrumental in issuing protective papers in favour of a few'other
evvish businessmen, promised to advise next morning whether and on
vhat terms the desired document could be had. The fee, payable in cash
vithout receipt, purportedly devoted to 'charitable' purposes of the S.A ,
^as assessed at Rm 5,000. The 'passport' was made out in three materially
dentical copies for Mr. Berthold Israel and his sons, on the letterhead of
he 'Legal Adviser of the S.A.' It indicated that no suspicion of subversive
ctivities (kein Verdacht staatsfeindlicher Umtriebe) attached to the holder.
'Vhoever intended to take action against the latter, was instructed to clear
he matter with the issuing office first.
The 'Boycott Day' of April 1, 1933 passed with S.A. troopers picketing
he firm's building. The National Socialist Employees' Shop Committee
Betriebszelle) demanded the resignation of five leading executives of whom,
iicidentally, three were Gentiles, one a 'Xon-Aryan Christian' and only one
I Jew. Neither wholesale dismissal of Jewish employees, nor surrender of
' ontrol by the family were demanded. Of course, the Situation at 'N. Israelis'
ras different from that of, say, a chainstore concern such as Hermann Tietz.
:^he latter could be coerced, because it owed considerable amounts of
loney for working capital to 'nazified' banks and would have been un-
ble to repay had facilities been cancelled. However N. Israel's position
illered also from that of other less prominent Jewish-owned concerns
-hose mobility was not checked by considerations of 'tradition'.
The 'Law to Reshape National Labour' (Gesetz zur Ordnung der
• ationalen Arbeit) of January 20, 1934 recorded various compromises
chieved by the non-Nazi wing in the Cabinet and the ministries concerned.
heir paramount interest was the sanctity of private capital and enterprise
5 the mainstays of economic life. While the Law contained no safeguards
n the acquired rights of Jewish employees, it stipulated that Jewish
mployers be ex officio 'Shop Leaders' (Betriebsführer) like any other
-entile employer. Berthold Israel assumed the office; he was present at
tficial functions, but never officiated. When he died, of angina pectoris,
n July 23, 1935, all employees assembled in the main. glass-roofed light-
ell court of the firm. Mr. Krentz, the personnel manager, as well as the
rader of the N.S. Shop Committee delivered eulogies.
Burial took place on July 26, 1935 in the Schönhauser Allee cemetcry
hich had received already the earthly remains of Berthold Israel's grand-
arents and parents. Rabbi Dr. Leo Baeck officiated.
[I. wiLFRm isR.\EL (1899-1943) and dr. Herbert Israel (born 1903), emigres
/ilfrid Israel was 75 % 'Adler', due to the marriage between two first
»usins in the previous generation. His mother gave birth to him in London
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 245
on July 11, 1899. Instinctively and consciously she fostered in him the
notion of his being British by birth. However, he was also the scion of the
Berlin Jewish family 'Israel' whose name he bore. He never took lightly the
responsibilities resulting from double nationality and double heritage.
Wilfrid Israel received his education through private tuition on account
of delicate health. He grew rather fast, which made him thin and anaemic.
His nervous reactions may also have reflected some of the tensions which
loomed unresolved in his home and the world at large. The First World
War, which Wilfrid Israel lived through as an adolescent, and the inter-
war period thereafter, highlighted some of his own mental agonies:
destruction of a common European civilization on the one band, frustrated
quasi-messianic hopes of social renewal and justice, based on international
Cooperation, on the other.
Wilfrid Israel acquired considerable skill in expressing his pent-up
feelings through die media of drawing pencil and modelling clay. He also
gained in inspiration and judgment from meeting particular situations and
particular individuals. Between the years 1920 and 1940 he visited Poland
and Lithuania twice. He also made two trips to Palestine, besides travelling
to Russia, the Far East, and India.
In organizing his life as a mature man, Wilfrid Israel tried to strike a
balance between the contradictory tendencies of personal withdrawal and
social integration. He occupied a pent-house apartment of his own in Bend-
lerstrasse; however, he spent Friday nights and, usually, weekends with his
family. The photos of Jacob Israel and Nathan Marcus Adler, together
with those of his immediate family faced him when he sat dowm to work
in his studio. Gradually his rooms were filled with choice collectors' items
of Far Lastern origin. Cut flowers were always in abundance. Nearly every
night visitors were calling, among them not a few (artists, members of
youth movements or travellers from the East) who had never before seen
how a young European gentleman of leisure created an atmosphere around
him.
Wilfrid Israel had a perfectly coherent view of his social duties. They
were humanitarian rather than political or authoritarian. Expressed from
a different angle, they were Anglo-Saxon rather than Continental. An
autographed photo of Fridtjof Nansen, High Commissioner for Russian
relief in the 1922 famine, also adorned Wilfrid Israel's writing desk. He
cooperated with the pacifist Quakers in Central-European relief work.
Moreover, he assisted the educational efforts of the Anti-W^ar Museum in
Berlin.
Of Jewish causes, Wilfrid Israel supported the occupational retraining
activities of the Agro-Joint in Soviet Russia. He lent a band to the theatre
group Habimah on and after their transfer to Palestine. He identified him-
self closely with the Berlin association Jüdische Waisenhilfe (Jewish
3
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246
H. G. Reissner
Örphans* Relief) which had taken charge of die budget of the children's
village of Ben Shemen, Palestine.
For such purposes Wilfrid Israel set aside a major part of his current
income as a manager of his fathcr's firm which he had entered in April,
1921. Wilfrid's artistic instinct blended well with his fadier's solid know-
ledge of merchandise and, later on, widi his brother Herbert's analytical
approach. New permanent and periodic displays and exhibitions, some-
times positively beyond the purchasing power and appreciation of the firm's
traditional clicntele, were due to AVilfrid Israel's initiative.
His main contribution to the progress of the firm, however, was in the
social and educational fields. We have described above already the novel
and unique institution of a firm-owned trade school for its apprentices
which owed its existence to Wilfrid Israel's insistence. He was always
available for heart-to-heart talks about the yoiuig people's personal pro-
blems. A trained social worker was engaged to look into difficulties
employees or their families could not solve unassisted. A new tastefully
furnished club home for employees was opened. — A novelty convenience
for Shopping mothers was a play-room on the firm's premises where children
were entertained by trained niirses. In accordance with Wilfrid Israel's
convictions, neither this play-room nor the store's toy-department supplied
toy soldiers, guns, battleships, and the like.
Wilfrid Israel's younger brother Herbert complemented, as has been
stated above, his father's experience and his brother's bent with his own
thoroughly trained mind. Born in Berlin on April 16, 1903, a graduate of
Mommsen Gymnasium in Berlin-Charlottenburg, he was a doctor of polit-
ical economy of Berlin University. Having familiarized himself with modern
American retail sales and accounting techniques at Macy's, New York, he
joined the paternal firm m June 1928. W^ith the assistance of a newly-hired
stafi of experts, he introduced cost analysis and profit and loss accounting
on a departmental basis. \Vhcn Berthold Israel died, it was Herbert Israel
who formulated and executed the merchandising part of Operations; Wilfrid
Israel took upon himself tlie official function of Detriebsjiihrer and, besides,
devoted more and more time to public Jewish interests.
On September 15, 1935, a Reich Citizenship Law, one of the so-callcd
Nuremberg Laws, was promulgated. It degraded Jews officially to the
nominal Status of 'German subjects'. In pursuance of its first implementary
regulatlon of November 14, 1935, ^ViUrid Israel was removed from his
function as Betriebsfilhrer. Henceforth, these duties were assumed by the
personnel manager, the previously mentioned Mr. Krentz. The firm's trade
school was closed at Easter 1936. However, there was still no Ultimatum to
change ownership of the firm.
Throughout the years of the Hitler terror — except in 1938 — the
firm was able to maintain its turnover well above the economic depression
minimum Struck in 1933. Effective control of Stocks, purchases and expenses
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 247
enabled the management to adjust rapidly to changing conditions. The firm
*N. Israel' retained its ability to finance purchases and expenses from its
own funds, without resorting to outside credit. Thus, business results
remained profitable, — even in 1938, when the damages of the 'crystal
night'i of November 9/10 were disallowed by Nazi tax authorities as not
related to business, but caused by the private circumstances of the present
owners.
Such power of resilience was all the more remarkable as the factual
boycott of Jewish economic activities in Germany made itself increasingly
feit. To evade it, leave alone replace it, by tapping new sources of demand,
became more and more difficult and, eventually, impossible. All public
institutions were forbidden to buy from Jewish suppliers. Large private
firms feil in line, either because their customers were public institutions, or
because of internal pressure. Advertising was restricted. More and more
Jewish retail firms in the provinces closed. The patronage of private Jewish
customers became more impulsive, but less effective, either because their
current income was reduced, or on account of emigration. — Camouflage
techniques were developed in defense. Identifying symbols were removed
from delivery vans, wrapping paper and parcels. Certain substantial trans-
actions were routed through, and invoiced by, intermediary 'Aryan' firms.
(In this way, for instance, thousands of square yards of floor covering
were supplied to a Hamburg shipyard which built and delivered special
vessels for 'Strength through Joy' cruises under the auspices of the Nazi
Tabour Front*) . — A special department was created for the needs of
Jewish emigrants, including the essentials of life in hot climates, from
mosquito nets to refrigerators.
Until the spring of 1938, there could, perhaps, still have been a last ray
of wishful hope against reason that the firm would be capable of weathering
the Storni. The last veil of illusion feil when the occupation and annexa-
tion of Austria by the Nazis was successful in the spring of 1938. The
further events later in the year were a mere psychological anticlimax. In
the foreign field the occupation of the 'Sudetenland' occurred, sanctioned
by the Munich meeting of the heads of States. Internally there could no
longer be any doubt about the meaning of ever-increasing restrictions on
Jewish activities, such as the registration of Jewish capital assets, cancella-
tion of passports, issuance of special identification cards which had to be
presented automatically in all dealings with authorities, etc. — Eventual
liquidation was now firmly envisaged by the Israel family. Preliminary talks
were held through a private banking firm and, later, through brokers who
claimed to represent interested parties.
Then the unforeseen explosion of November 9/10, 1938, occurred. A
Jew had shot at an official in the German Embassy in Paris. When the news
I
^The name given to the night the Synagogues burnt.
f
H. G. Reissner
248 »
of the latter's death spread. a wave of wholesale destruction of remainine
Jewish property and arrest o£ Jewish men in Germany met with official
the s hgh est trace of emotional involvement visible on their faces. Heavv
rnerchand.se was dumped onto the groundfloors of the Hght-well courts
Office equipment was hurled through Windows. The oil portraits of
Nathan, Jacob, and Berthold Israel in the directorial suite were slashed
Incendiary acts were attempted. After a call to the State police for assistance
a cordon was thrown around the building - in order 'to protect the passing
pubhc from flying debris'. VVhen the fury abated at nightfall, Wilfrid
Israel requested H.B.M. Consul General to come and see for himself The
visuor met the Nazi Shop Committee whose members were a little uneasy
m plam view of the evidence of engineered vandalism.
The most immediate remedial concern of the Israels was to secure release
of the numerous Jewish employees and their relatives who had been
arrested tnd.vidually. They were detained in Sachsenhausen Concentration
Camp. It appeared that the Camp command was not averse to cash in for
personal advantage, on the general instruction issued that internees anxious
to em.grate were to be released with highest priority. A young lewisl
gentleman was introduced to Wilfrid Israel and claimed that^e ha
estabhshed contact with the Camp command. He was provided with the
necessary hard cash and factual Information. He was successful in his efforts
o much so that the Sachsenhausen Camp com.nander saw fit to do his
Chnstmas shoppmg at 'N. Israel'. Of course, he did not pay in cash and
convemently forgot to settle his account. No reminder letter was sent to
w.^rTY' •'*'', ""'^'r^'''"^ °^ '"''™'" '° leave Germany within a few
weeks of the:r release from Camp was not to be taken lightly. In view of this
the emphasis o the 'Secretariat Wilfrid Israel' (as this ad hoc office wa^
now called) sh.fted to help emplo>ees and their Lmilies in cutting corners
towards eventual emigration. The secretary coordinated rather than duplic-
ated the efforts of the various Jewish emigration agencies. travel bureLx.
forwardmg f.rms, etc. He also represented ^Vilfrid Israel in furnishin<r
recommendations and references to the passport officers of the various
maTeTh' /irr''"''":- ^" '^' circumstances, even one day gained could
make the difference between a Jewish person's survival and his bein-^
trapped. ^'^'»'o
All remaining Jewish employees of the firm, still in excess of a hundred
ber J , 1938 a gift m cash of two years' salaries. In the purchase contract
signed soon thereafter, the acquiring firm undertook to honour also accrued
Pension rights of retired former Jewish employees, insofar as they retained
residence m Germany. ^
With effect from February 9, 1939, the fixed and current assets of the
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 249
firm, including real estate, but excluding accounts receivable, and the trade
liabilities of 'N. Israel' were acquired by the Emil Koester A. G. for a
'negotiated' amount.
The departure of the bachelor brothers, first Herbert and then Wilfrid
Israel, from Berlin to London in the spring of 1939 was as unobtrusive as
had been the arrival in Berlin, in 1741, of their ancestor Israel Jacob, a
bachelor from Schneidemühl. Their departure brought to an end 124 years
of patient, imaginative building and stewardship of one firm in the hands
of four consecutive generations.
VIII. KNIGHT-ERRANT OF THE PEOPLE OF ISR.\EL
The phase just completed and the years to come presented to Wilfrid Israel
an additional challenge, which we shall now review in its entirety. We have
seen him emerge from his formative years with a complementary double
heritage, the family tradition of social responsibility and an *Anglo-Saxon*
conception of non-professional, voluntary public service. The duties assum-
ed by Wilfrid Israel since 1932 in resisting and fighting Nazism had in
them the germ of a conflict of loyalties. The conflict was a very real one,
experienced as such also by other men and women of his background and
age. In birthday greetings to his mother, on December 5, 1942, incidentally
only six months before his death, he himself formulated it thus:
I wondercd if perhaps I had let some of my own intercsts and sphcrcs of respon-
sibility dominatc, and if I had not thus neglccted my family.
Deep down, though, utter mutual respect and genuine harmony prevailed.
The family never put obstacles in the way of son and brother. Their con-
tribution to the Performance of his duties in public under Nazi tyranny
was the maintenance and, eventually, the orderly liquidation of the firm.
Conversely, Wilfrid took his duties towards family and firm seriously, while
he was ready to, and finally did, give away his life in the service of the
Community. Such readiness must be viewed rather against the background
of Far Eastern philosophy which cast a magical spell upon Wilfrid Israel.
He may have sensed it to be his dharma — the voluntary acceptance of one's
personal destiny — to lose his personal identity in the continuance of the
group. There may have been a subconscious sacrificial death-wish in Wilfrid
Israel's nature and conduct. If so, it was not egoistically suicidal, but artist-
ically and ethically creative, like an apotheosis of death by the . poet
— Rainer Maria Rilke or Romain Rolland — as the fulfilment of life.
In the early summer of 1932, an informal group of seven men from
various walks of Jewish life met for the first time in Berlin. Wilfrid Israel
was one of them, besides F. Brodnitz, M. D., and L. Tietz, M. D., both
trusted advisers of the German Jewish youth movement and both suppor-
ters of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, without subscribing to Zionist
*■
I
^50 • H.G.Reissner
ideology themselves; furthermore three professional social workers, execut-
ives of the Zentralwohljahrtsstelle der Deutschen Juden - F. Ollendorff,
G. Lubinski and A. Lilienthal - two of them Zionist-Socialists and the third
one an alumnus of Jewish religious liberalism. Wilfrid Israel and another
were not affiliated with any particular political or religious party, but
known and respected for their non-parochial Jewish point of view.
The Convention was raotivated by grave forebodings that the Nazi bid
for power would eventually succeed; Jews, alone in a group, or even in
conjunction with others, would be helpless to prevent such a dreaded event.
Needed in such supreme hour of trial would be internal unity, expressed in
a representative national body of all Jews in Germany. Hitherto, groupings
existed only along regional or political and religious faction lines.
The nucleus of seven expanded in the early months of 1933. Potentially
the most important recruit was Carl Melchior, partner of the private bank-
ing firm of M. M. Warburg & Co., Hamburg (and late member of the
German delegation at the Versailles Peace Treaty negotiations) . Unfort-
unately, his Services came to a premature end due to his death on December
30, 1933. Dr. Werner Senator, executive member of the Jewish Agency for
Palestine, Jerusalem, who happened to be in Germany at the time, co-
operated wholeheartedly in person for several months. C. V. Arlosoroff,
member of the Zionist Executive in Palestine, rushed to Germanv for the
same specific purpose. Locally recruited volunteers included F. Brunner, an
executive of the private banking firm Gebr. Arnhold - S. Bleichroeder, Ber-
lin, a religious Jew at heart, and F. Borchardt, late director of an indiistrial
plant and an alumnus of the German Jewish youth movement.
Due to the initiative of this group, and with the moral and practical
Support from such recognized personalities as Leo Baeck, Otto Hirsch,
Julius Seligsohn and others, the 'Central Council for Help and Reconstruc-
tion' was duly constituted in April 1933. Its first leading executive was
L. Tietz, assisted by F. Brodnitz and F. Borchardt. Willrid Israel deputised
repeatedly, when other officials were away from Berlin on rounds of duty.
While supporting and steering the day-to-day work of the Central Council,
the expanding group continued to convene at periodic intervals. One of
these informal meetings, at a private home in the Berlin West End, in
June 1933, was raided by a local S.A. unit. The storm-troopers asserted
that shouts of 'Hail Moscow' had been reported and that secret documents
had been burned at the meeting. All present, including Wilfrid Israel, were
arrested, except one young man, Leopold Kuh. He happened to have been
sent downstairs to fetch cigarettes. W'hen he returned from his errand, he
ran into the storm-troopers on the staircase. He had the presence of mind to
salute them with 'Heil Hitlef and keep aloof. He noticed that a truck
pulled up into which his friends were herded. He followed it in his own car
first to a local 'cell' and then to the S.A. barracks in General Pape Strasse.
Of this he advised by telephone Dr. A. Wiener, then executive officer of the
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 1 5 1
Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens, Dr. Wiener in-
formed the 'lawful' authorities of the action that was underway. Meanwhile
the group was held inside the S.A. barracks. This would have been the
opportunity for Wilfrid Israel to test the usefulncss of Justizrat Lütge-
brune's 'passport' (see p. 243 above). Unfortunately, he did not have it on
him and preferred not to disclose its existence. Several members of the
group, including Wilfrid Israel, were subjected to degrading and brutal
treatment, but all preserved a personal dignity which was disconcerting to
their jailers. During the small hours, order for release came through from
the Gestapo. An implied apology was subsequently tendered, something
probably unique in the annals of Nazi terror. The letter addressed to Dr.
Ludwig Tietz on June 28, 1933, on the letterhead of Leiter des Geheimen
Staatspolizeiamts read as follows:
'Auf Ihr Schreiben vom 19. Juni d.Js. erwidere ich ergebenst, dass ich das Kom-
mando der Schutzpolizei ersucht habe, Massnahmen zu treffen, durch die eine
Wiederfiolung der von Ihnen mitgeteilten J'orfälle unterbunden wird.'
(sgd) Di eis
As far as Nazi Germany's external reputation was concerned, it was too
late to undo the damage. The London 'Times' of June 20th and the Paris
'Matin' of the 25th were among foreign newspapers which reported and
commented upon the incident.
Undeterred by such provocations, internal Jewish coordination work
went on and culminated in the formation of the Reichsvertretung der
deutschen Juden. Wilfrid Israel devoted much of his attention to the work
of promoting the transfer of Jewish youth to Palestine. Jointly with Lola
Hahn-Warburg, Recha Freier, and Beate Berger, with himself acting on
behalf of the Jüdische Waisenhilfe (see p. 2 15 above) , three hitherto separate
agencies pooled their forces under the name of 'Children and Youth Ali\ ah'.
The efforts of this Berlin body were splendidly aided by the placemcnt
activities, first of Dr. G. Landauer of the 'German Department' of the
Jewish Agency in Jerusalem, and then by Henrietta Szold, who put the
burning fire of a 'motherly' heart and the material resources of American
Hadassah behind this rescue work. When the Second World War broke
out in 1939, the immigration record of 'Children and Youth Aliyah' had
exceeded the 10,000 mark.
In addition to previous duties and taking over from Max M. Warhurg on
the latter's emigration in 1937, Wilfrid Israel assumed the overall direction
of the Hilfsverein der Juden in Deutschland. Active since 1901 as a charitv
Organization to assist Jews passing through Germany from Eastern Europe.
its administration had accumulated considerable technical experience.
Under the auspices of the Reichsvertretung, this skill was now exploited to
further the emigration of German Jews to all countries abroad, except
Palestine (which remained under the Jurisdiction of the existing Zionist
Offices) .
r
mm
2^2
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H. G. Reissner
Coordination of this kind under mounting Nazi assault represented an
achievement of the first order. No time was lost over Observation of
proper democratic' process and order. Men and women acted according to
their own sense of responsibility, guided by their own experience, and irom
their own Station in life. Mutual respect and harmony prevailed on the
whole, and only a minimum of misguided initiative is on record Georg
Karesk. board meniber of the Jewish Community of Berlin, created such
an incident in 1936. Believing in his ability to elicit constructive Nazi
Support for Zionism, he made deprecatory remarks about certain 'leftisf
Jewish officials and personalities, with the result that S. Adler-Rudel an
^u^^'il'^l "T''^' ""^ R'^ichsvertretung, was expelled as a 'foreigner', 'and
that Wüfnd Israel had to surrender his German passport.
Conversely, Wilfrid Israel was treated with utmost respect by resident
and visitnig foreigners. Members of the consular corps and the press, partic-
ularly from England, America, and France, were anxious to listen to his
Interpretation of events and trends. His demonstration of personal im-
munity against moral and physical coercion was impressive. - He was also
one of probably not more than a handful of German Jews accepted by
Jewish notables abroad as speaking their language literally and figuratively
Wilfnd Israel enjoyed the affection and trust of Dr. Chaim Weizmann
grand old man of Zionism, of Henrietta Szold, 'mother of Youth Aliyah''
Norman Bcntwich, untiring liaison officer for British Jewry in Retugee
matters, besides Neville Laski, Leonard Montefiore, Otto Schiff and others
too numerous to enumerate. He went abroad a few times, travelling once
on his British passport, after the cancellation of the German one But
more often he was host in Berlin to visitors from abroad, both undisguised
such as Miss Szold or Norman Bentwich, or under disguise. as was the case
with Sir Michael Bruce, 'Tramp Royal'.-
Even less is authoritatively known of contacts Wilfrid Israel may have
maintained with members of, or indixiduals claiming to have belonged to
the Anti-Nazi Resistance inside and outside Germany.^ This writer happens'
to have a personal recollection only of a call on Wilfrid Israel by Pastor
Dr. Hans Schönfeld, Geneva, in or about 1937.^
-Though SirMichacl ('Tramp Roval', London. 1954, pp. 2.S6 ff) rcports on his trio to
Berhn m November. 1M8, inclu.ling mceüngs with UWrid Isael and Rabbi Dr'^.eo
'See the controversy on the rcputation of Adam von Trott, brought about bv David
^nS t:;;imony';f%vi.fSref ""'''^" "•="'>• °^ j"- '■ '''^- -'-^^^ '---^«
t-hichester wuh Dr. Schonfeld and others during the war, as reported in 'The Wiener
Library Bulletin', London, vol. XL Nos 3-4. - Incidentally, the Bishop of Chiches^er
had also known Wilfrid Israel personalh for some years He contrfbuted ä short
meraonal to the coUection of eulogies which appeared iA print in London 1944 (p 8 )
i
The Kaufhaus N. Israel
253
In those years of legal ized lawlessness and anarchy, nearly every Jew in
Germany had, eventually, to live by his own wits. More so. in order to
sur\'ive, he had to develop a particular joie de vivre bordering on the
perverted. In these circumstances, conspiracy and counter-conspiracy, which
an individual would normally despise, may have come to him quite 'natur-
ally'. We must leave it at that, and resume our narration with WiUrid Israel
having established domicile in England in May, 1939.
His first assignment, made almost immediately after his arrival abroad,
was as a board member of J.C.A. (Jewish Colonization Association) to fill
one of the vacancies left by the inability of Jewish representatives from
Germany to attend in accordance with the foundation's charter. Wilfrid
Israel participated in a series of board meetings held in Paris prior to the
occupation of the French capital by the Nazis in 1940.
Altogether he was not privileged to recoup peacefully for any length of
time. A State of war was declared on September 2, 1939. Refugees in
countries at war with Hitler assumed the technical Status of 'enemy aliens'.
Wilfrid Israel, British by birth and bilingual, acted as liaison between
the authorities, the relief organizations of British Jewry and the refugees
themselves. He assisted in the creation of the 'Association of Jewish Refu-
gees in Great Britain'. During the lull of the Thoney War, in the spring
of 1940, he visited Palestine again. He re-established his personal ties with
the group Die Werkleute, who had come from the German Jewish youth
movement, but were now settled in Kibbutz Hazorea, east of Haifa. Back
in England, and after the military debade of France, a majority of refugees
had to put up with temporary internment. Wilfrid Israel acted again as a
liaison officer touring internment camps and attempting to speed up
individual releases. Then, in the autumn of 1940, came the aerial 'Blitz'.
He worked as a civilian fire-watcher during the ensuing months, but lost
a good deal of his private belongings, his books and art collection due to
the explosion of an incendiary bomb. The following year, after the fury
of the Luftwaffe showed first signs of abating, Wilfrid Israel was recom-
mended for appointment as a Consultant to the German and Jewish sections
of the Foreign Research and Press Service. In this capacity he commuted
regularly between London and Oxford.
Yet, emotionally all this was not the mere continuadon of an existence
out of balance due to circumstances. Over in England, he was able to
achieve a measure of inner serenity, denied to him formerly. In corres-
pondence with friends overseas, and feeling at one with his countrymen
(hence employing the collective 'we'), he wrote on August 24, 1941:
•We are not at all dehumanised, and every personal touch is of importance to iis
over here. We know that we shall have to face difficult times. In the meantimc
every sumraer-day, the bcauty of flowers. of trees, fields and personal touch that
human beings can give to one's daily life mean a terrible lot — at least to nie.
And again on April 16, 1942:
•I am becoming more fond of London and England than ever before.'
<
I
^54
H. G. Reissner
These testimonies seem to manifest a dream-like bent, a sense of poetry
his mother could have shared and would have approved. His ancestors in
Prussian and Imperial Berlin would hardly have understood it or, could
they have grasped its inkling, they might have rejected it soberly. 'Yet' - to
retam the poetical vein and to quote a line from Friedrich Hölderlin
which Wilfrid might have appreciated - Ve are destined never to come
to rest'/' A war was being fought. Another mission was suggested to
Wilfrid Israel by the Jewish Agency for Palestine. Jewish refugees in
considerable numbers were stuck in Portugal and Spain. It might be con-
ceiyable to receive more from Nazi occupied territories, provided earlier
arrivals on the Iberian Peninsula were taken out first. Desired as a volunteer
for this mission was somebody who held an Allied passport, was thoroughly
familiär with the problems and the languages of the refugees and who
could act with the necessary authority. Wilfrid Israel applied for leave of
absence from F.R.P.S., which was granted. He flew to Lisbon on March 26,
1943, advising his friends overseas of his new assignment as follows:
'I am leaving on my trip rathcr heavy-heartcdly. Whatcver I shall try to do will
I am afraid. be sidctracked bv the shecr impossibility to overcome the vital impe'
diinent and great disaster of a world at war.'
Wilfrid Israel spent a little over two months in exploratory and prcparatory
work in Portugal and Spain.« For the arrangement of transport to Palestine,
the selection of applicants and for their technical and mental adjustmcnt'
\Vilfrid Israel established his office with the (American) Joint Organization
in Lisbon. Cooperating with him in the immediate problems of the refugees
were the Hicem (a Joint subsidiary of J.C.A. and the American H.I.A.S.) ;
the local Jewish Community; the Commissao dos Refugiados; and the local
Union of Polish Jews.
Initially a figure of 70 participants was considered for the first transport.
After the Jewish Agency for Palestine was able to provide more visas by
telegraph, this number was increased substantially. Originally an ocean
vovage on a Portuguese-flag steamer via the Cape, with a stopover at
Lourenco Marques was envisaged so as to give refugees stranded in Moz-
ambique the opportunity to join in on the onward trip. AVhen Portuguese
visas for a call at their Fast African colony tumed out to be unobtainable,
another route was tentatively drawn up: ocean vovage to the Belgian Con-
go. trip by riverboat and bus in order to reach the Nile, and then a^ain
by riverboat to Egypt. Difficulties in the procurement of visas and of
'Navicert' papers enforced the abandonment of this plan as well. The
original idea of an ocean vovage round the Cape was then reconsidered,
^Hyt^erions SchicksaLslied: 'Doch uns ist gegeben, Auf keiner Stätte zu ruhn', as translated
bx^Fredenc Prokosch, Some Poems of Friedrich Hölderlin', Norfolk, Conn 1943
«The followmg data were supplied by Mrs. F. J. Wohlwill, Brookline. Mass.,' then a
leading honorary worker in the Commissao dos Refugiados. Lisbon.
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 255
however without calling at Lourenco Marques. One of the former German
vessels, then taken over by the Portuguese in Lourenco Marques, was to be
chartered. She was to take on board first the refugees stranded in Mozam-
bique and then meet the steamer from Lisbon on the high seas and take
the latter's passengers over for the onward trip to Egypt. — Matters were
thus left unfinished, when Wilfrid Israel embarked on his return flight to
London on June 1. (Eventually a different Solution was worked out — see
p. 256 below. It seems worth while recording, though, to what lengths plan-
ning had to go at a time when the direct approach to Palestine through the
Mediterranean was barred).
Wilfrid Israel devoted a major portion of his time to the preliminary
selection and indoctrination of candidates for the trip. He visited those
living in Residence Forcee in Caldas and Ericeira, outside Lisbon. He called
on the various prisons in Portugal where those not yet 'legalized' were
housed. Conditions in Spain were even more complicated, because no
Jewish rescue Organization had official Status in that country. All contacts
had to take place on a private basis, pseudo-'secretly'.
Every free hour between official appointments and negotiations in both
countries was utilized to establish a relationship of confidence and triist
between Wilfrid Israel and his individual wards, particularly the younger
ones among them. This helped to clarify their minds as to Palestine as their
eventual goal. Wilfrid Israel promoted the formation of study groups under
self-chosen leaders. He assisted in the drafting of programmes for further
studies and tried to procure the necessary literary material. The advisability
of forming Hachshara (occupational retraining) groups was considered.
Wilfrid Israel promised to elicit support in London for the establishment
of a Talestine Office' in Lisbon to coordinate these promising beginnings.
The second aspect of Wilfrid Israel's work while in Portugal and Spain
was, if possible, to open up Channels for the escape of Jewish survivois in
Nazi occupied territories. Highest priority was to be given to youths in
hiding. Wilfrid Israel had several Conferences in this regard with Quakers
and Unitarians. He negotiated with the Swiss Legation in Lisbon. He also
had a meeting with the League of Nations Commissioner, Carl Burckhardt.
As far as fact-finding goes, the results of Wilfrid Israel's trip were promis-
ing. He secured a berth on Tlight 777'"^ scheduled to leave Lisbon on
June 1, 1943. Wilfrid Israel boarded the plane 'Ibis' together with twelve
other passengers, among them the actor Leslie Howard. Midway over the
•
7See the reportage compiled under the above title by lan Colvin, London, 1957. A chapier
with the head'ing 'The Jewish Agent', pp. 117 ff, is devoted to Wilfrid Israel. The
sympathetic attitude is commendable, but represents nothing but a condensatioii of
eulogies contained in the printed book 'Wilfrid Israel*, London, 1944. Moreover. it is
not free from minor misinterpretations. As to the major question — why the unarmed
airliner was shot down unexpectedly — Colvin on the last and 204th page sccins 10
subscribe to 'the instant assumption that the Ibis had been . . . shot down deliberatclv in
mistake for Churchill's plane', on the latter's return from his North African Conferences.
f
256
H. G. Reissner
m.
Bay of Biscay, the plane was attacked by the Nazi Luftwaffe. It was shot
down. All lives were lost. Prime Minister Churchill expressed 'a painful
shock* when he learned 'what had happened to others in the inscrutable
workings of fate*.
We must abide by that fate and suppress the never ending feeling of
sadness at the loss of a personal friend and comrade. We have tried to
re-dravv the visible surface of this man's character and public actions,
praying that his gentle soul may, in death, have found the bliss of peace
which life had withheld from him: Wish he could know that his supreme
sacrifice was not in vain.
On Fcbruary 1, 1944. the Portiigucse lincr 'Nyassa', carrying about 750 European Jewish
Refugees from Lisbon, steamcd inio Haifa harbour. She was the first neutral vessel to
cross the Mediterranean after the reopening of the sea-lane, the first also to arrive in
Haifa since 1940. She carried the largest number of Refugees to reach Palestine in a
group directly from Europe in war-time. Their landing formalities corapleted, the
immigrants arranged a collection among themselves to inscribe the name of Wilfrid
Israel in the Golden Book of the Jewish National Fund.
Dr. Chaiin Weizinann and Miss Henrietta Szold, seconded by the Rt. Hon. Lord Melchett
and other personal friends. sponsored, in the name of Children and Youth Aliyah, the
erection of a Wilfrid Israel Hostel in the children's village of Ben Shemen.
The collective settlement of his friends at Kibbutz Hazorea received, through the instru-
ment of his will, the bequest of what reniaincd of Wilfrid Israel's collection of Asian
Art, plus an amount of money for the building of a rauseum. The 'Wilfrid Israel House
for Oriental Art and Studics' at Kibbutz Hazorea was formally opened on June 21, 1951,
and is at present undergoing an expansion, which has been madc possible thanks to the
Cooperation of Wilfrid's brother Herbert.
Albert J
/
A Note on the Stjle ofhi
Actii
BY EDUARD
Perhaps it is best to begin with th(
whose wholc lifework was de\ oted to
born in *Gallion's reach', on August
the old harbour of Hamburg where
the Single row of houses. So the ever f:
the Coming and going of stränge peo
of every description, the booming gi
high tides, tlie ship-chandleis where
sions of a sailor's outfit, weic part o
form his mind and his imagination.
Furthermore, his father's busincss
name of Morris and Company, whcr
after a normal and by no mcnns \
private schools providcd for the meir
did not aim at a classical schooling
interested in literature and music -
in any case, no time for escapes intoc:
Ballin was only 17 years old. his fat
seven brothers and sisters, had then
soon its partner and actual managcr
Ballin was of Jewish origin. The f:
came from Denmark; other members
and France; professions varied fron
definite has been found out aboui
branches. For these reasons judgem
guarded, since Albert Ballin was the
his brothers and sisters.
The family does not seem to h?
circles at Hamburg or Altona, so no
can be directly traced to die infl
mental training and religious instru
in later years very seldom seen in syt
very conscious of his Jewishness am
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WILFRID ISRAEL
London, 1942
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WILFRID ISRAEL
JULY llth, 1899
JUNE lsCl943
MARSLAND PUBLICATIONS LTD.
London
1944
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Translations by S. L. Salzedo
^"t\fT\ ^ ■ ^«tmttHemw t ■ iirlWM Infi "i
ON March 24th, 1943, Wilfrid
Israel left on a tnission for The
Jewish Agency for Palestine
zvhich brought him to Portugal and
Spain. He had voluntecred to do thir
work — the risks of which were well
knozvti to him — in order to explore,.
and if possible to arrange for, the
speedy transfer of Jewish Refugees,
mostly children froni the occupied
countries of Europe, to Palestine.
This task he accomplished most
successfully.
In spite of beinq urged by his
friends and associates to take a re^t
before Coming back to London,
Wilfrid Israel presscd for an imme-
diäte return. His sojourn coincided
with the backwards journcy of Mr,
IVinston Churchill who was on the
way home from the Quebec Confer-
ence.
On June Ist, 1943, the unarmed
passenger aeroplane in which Wilfrid
Israel travellcd in broad daylignt,
was attacked and shot down over ihe
Gulf of Biscay by Nazi fighters. All
the seventeen occupants, passengers
and crew, perished, It was the first
time a non-combatant machine had
been assailed.
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CONTENTS
£z/a Michaelis:
Introduction
Martin Bub er:
Features in Wilfrid's Face
The Bishop of Chichester:
The Common Cause
Norman B entwich:
Lover of Peace
Dr, Chaim Weitzmann:
Artist and Idealist
Gustav Hörn:
We from Kibbuz Hasorea
George Landauer:
Three Generat ions of German Jewry
A Tribute from Bolivia
Siegfried Lehmann:
He loved Youth
Albert Einstein:
Dear Mrs. Israel ...
S, A dler ~ Rudel:
Whenever Men suffered
W, /.;
Zionism alone is not enough
Margot Klausner:
Pathfinder for Habima
Werner Senator:
There is a Greek Statue
Elkan N, Adler:
Chaluzim looked up to him
Harold Beeley:
War Work, 1941-43
Heinz Wisla:
Let me thank You, Wilfrid Israel
Werner Behr:
Two Decades
Max Warburg:
He nevcr quit
Rabbi Diesendruck:
D^inn nnv3 mnx ib^s; \Tn
W. I.:
M> very Darling Mother
• ••
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
• • •
\ •••
• • •
„.^.^- ^ . - ii-irr- I ifimifciiilMiiti I I
7
EVA MICHAELIS :
INTRODUCTION
"Yy^E live in an era when tragedy and disaster are the
Order of the day. We are living through a second
World war inflicting tragic sufTering, hardship, and abundant
loss of life on the whole of mankind.
Added to the catastrophe of war, which has brought pain
and death to many a home all over the world, the Jewish
people are confronted by a mass tragedy surpassing all human
Imagination. The ruthless exterminalion of the Jews on the
Continent has left the civilized world numb with horror :
the volume of human sufTering wrought on this unfortunate
minority in Europe goes beyond the limits of human con-
ception.
Tragically few have had the imagination to consider means
of relief, still Icss had the courage and the faith to initiate an
immediate rescue action. Wilfrid Israel was one of the few
who persevered until he was given the opportunity to hclp.
He realized only too well that whatever he would be able to
achieve, he would bring help only to a small fraction of the
multitudes who knew they were doomed unless a helping
band would reach them and lead them to safety, at the very
last moment.
Wilfrid Israel did not regard the disaster which had befallen
bis people as a mass tragedy beyond help. To him it was an
accumulation of many individual tragedies ; every one of
them had his compassion, with cach he suffered.
If in times like these — when countless human beings :
men, women, and children, are dying on the battle fields, in
concentration camps, and in the ghcttoes of the east — we have
singled out one of the fighters who perished in this struggle
against the powers of evil which have engulfed the Jews in
their maelstrom, it is because by doing so we intend to uphold
and keep alive the ideals for which Wilfrid Israel livcd and
died. His faith and determiiiation overcame indilfercnce
and indolence ; his mcmory will encourage us to intensify
our efforts and to continue our work for rescue and recon-
struction, in his spirit.
Wc feel that by identifying ourselves with Wilfrid Israel's
aims and ideals, we also pay tribute to all those who perished
unknown and unnoticed, patricipants in a struggle which
was begun beforc the first shot was fired, a struggle which is
not likely to end when the '* Gease Fire " sounds.
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MARTIN BUBER :
ZÜGE IN WILFRTOS BILD.
j^R war einsam wie ein Stern, und glaubte unverbrüchlich
an Gemeinschaft.
Er hat mit uns gelebt wie in einer Fremde, und war doch der
treues te Freund.
Scheu, bis in eine Tiefe, wo auch Scheuen die Unbefangenheit
innewohnt, und doch unendlich entschlossen.
Ganz und gar verwundbar, ganz und gar gefeit, narbenbe-
deckt und heil zugleich.
Er war dem Leben ausgesetzt wie ein Opfer, und war anzuse-
hen wie einer, der es mit leichter Hand meistert.
Leiden war ihm nicht wie eine Speise, sondern wie die Luft,
die einzuatmen das Geläufigste ist, — man befasst sich
mit ihr nicht.
Er hat nicht aufgehört Jüngling zu sein, und war schon an
allem vorüber.
Die Schwermut in seinem Herzen war nicht bitter und zäh,
sie hatte die herbe Klarheit des Endgültigen. Dicht
benachbart in seinem Herzen war ihr der Wille sich
herzugeben und zu tun was zu tun ist.
Abendländisch die verhaltene Gebärde, morgcnländisch der
wissende Blick, — und die Stimme ? Vox humana,
ganz einfach.
Humanität als Natur, hier ist sie gewesen. Mit ihr ist eine
andre verschmolzen, die aus dem Geist wuchs. So
entsteht echte Tugend.
In einer Welt, in der keiner ihm helfen konnte, wurde ihm
das Helfen zur Leidenschaft. Wir erkennen den edlen
Menschen daran, was er aus seiner schmerzlichsten
Erfahrung macht.
Eifrig und zärdich hat er dem Land Israel gedient, wie man
einer Heimat dient. Es ist ihm nicht zur Heimat ge-
worden. Immer lag ein gezücktes Schwert zwischen
ihm und dem was er liebte.
Und prüfst du fort und fort, als Letztes bleibt dir eine unnenn-
bare Treue.
•
»•«V.
Er ist sinnbildlich gestorben, als Helfer und einsam. Wir
sehen ihn stürzen wie einen Stern.
Aber wenn wir zu dem mächtigen Himmel unsrer Erinnerun-
gen aufschauen, ist unter den Leuchtenden, die uns da,
rein und tröstlich, erscheinen, sein unauslöschliches Bild.
Translation of the preceding poem.
TRAITS IN WILFRID'S CHARACTER
Lonely as a star was he, though a believer in Community llfe.
He lived with us as if a stranger, and was yet
the most faithfiil of friends.
Shy to a degree where even the shy are at their ease,
and yet infinitely determined.
Wholly vulnerable but proof against blows; battle scarred
but still unscathed.
Exposed to life like a victim, but looking like one
who masters life with ease.
SufTering to him was not like food; rather like breathing of the air,
the which one does not noticc.
He never ceased being a youth, though being past everything already.
The melancholy in his heart was neither black nor bitter;
it had the stringent clearness of finality. Close to't in his lieart
the will to render up himself, to do what should be done.
Occidental the sparing gestures, Oriental the knowing
expression of the eyes — ^and the voice? Vox Humana,
quite simply.
Humanity as nature, here it has come to pass, fused with another,
flowing from the mind, Thus real virtue grows.
In a World where nobody was at)le to help him, it was his passion
to help the others. A noble soul is known
by what he makes of all that hurts him most.
With zeal and tenderness he served the Land of Israel,
just as one servcs one's homeland.
It was not to become his home. There always was
a pointed sword 'twixt him and what he loved.
And searching forth and forth, there final ly remains
his boundless loyalty.
His Death was a Symbol ; He ended, a helper, yet lonely.
We see him, falling like a star.
But looking up to the majestic firmament of our memories
there, shining forth, pure and consoling,
behold his everlasting Image.
(Put into Englnh bv HANS FELD and ERNEST MICHAEL FELD)
7
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THE BISHOP OF CHICHESTER :
THE COMMON CAUSE
"lA/^ILFRID ISRAEL and I came to know one anothcr in
the common cause some four years ago ; and we have
been in constant touch in different ways since our first talk.
He combined very high intelligence with deep feeling. He
suffered profoundly in the sufferings of others, and could
hardly bear being defeated by the bitter realities and, as it
seemed, the impossibilities of a Situation. But there was a fire
burning in his soul all the time, and few things stirred him
more than the blindness of those who failed to see not only
what the Jews in Germany suffered but what ihey dared and
did.
Unsparing of himself if only he could help to alleviate
suffering, he was a man of a fine and delicate perception,
and a most upright and merciful spirit, and won both admira-
tion and affection.
** He has out-soared the shadow of our night " ; but, ill
though we can spare so rare a soul, his work and his example
remain, and shall not be forgotten.
NORMAN BENTWICH :
LOVER OF PEACE
I THINK of Wilfrid essentially as a lovcr and carrier of
peace. He was one of the rare persons who not only seek
peace, but, in the words of the Bible, ensuc it ; and he was
one of the rare persons who feit himself consciously a Citizen
of the World.
We are apt to forget in the midst of this grim struggle the
idealistic striving of the young German generation during
the first decade after the war, before the poison of National
Socialism had spread ; and VVilfrid bclongcd to that band of
young men in Germany who were children in what seemed
the happy period before the first world war, grew to
adolescence during the world war, and aspired after the world
war to lay the foundation of a better order for humanity.
The idcals of the Leaguc of Nations and the International
Labour Office, which were to usher in that new order, were
to him dynamic motives of action. He was kin with men
like Nansen, Lord Cecil, Noel Baker, Cliflbrd Allen (later
Lord Allen of Hurtvvood) and kept in touch with them.
■ ■■■... ijttafaAiaMtJ.a^ .. ^
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It was natural and right that he was associated with the
Friends (the Quakers) in their work of healing and rehef to
the stricken peoples of the Continent of Europe at the end
of the war, for he shared the Qiiakers' devotion to peace and
individual service. He realised, too, that international and
industrial peace were indissolubly bound up. In the words
of the Charter of Labour : ** Whereas the League of Nations
has for its object the establishment of universal peace, and such
a peace can be established only if it is based on social
justice. . . ."
That recognition made him eminent in bringing welfare
activitics into the bii^ business house in Berlin which he was
callcd upon to direct. For it was anothe'r essential character-
istic of Wilfrid that he applied principles immediately to
action in which he could take a part. Not for him the public
agitation, the forming of committees, the perambulation to
Conferences ; but rather the spreading of the idea to the circles
with which he was in contact, and the application of the idea
to any individual or group whom he could help.
Before there could be peace in the State and peace in the
world, there must be peace in the mind of the individual
Citizen and justice in the relations to his fellows. The
parable which is told by Tolstoy in one of his tales, of a
prince who sought guidance from a seer about the three
necessary thhigs for the good of his kingdom, may bc takcn as
his guiding philosophy. The three most necessary things
were : the first person you meet, the help you give them, and
the immediate now.
At the same time, while the world was free and open,
Wilfrid was concerned with the life of the whole of humanity.
So he went on his journeys to see the Indians in India, and
came in touch with Rabindranath Tagore ; to see the
Russians in the Soviet Union, and came in touch with those
planning the transformation of the Russian Jews into pro-
ductive workers ; and to Palestine to see for himself the
regeneration of the Jewish youth Coming from all the corners
of the world.
When hard circumstance after 1930 compclled him and
the idealistic leaders of young German Jcwry to concentrate
on the help of their own peoplc, Wilfrid believed that the
special part was in working for peace withiii the Community
and keeping in touch with individuals and groups outside
Germany, who stood for justice and might bring some influence
of humanitv.
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In the first years of the Nazi regime it still secmed possible
for public opinion outside to secure a measure of decency.
He worked with Cora Berliner, Ludwig Tietz, Otto Hirsch,
and a faithful band to strengthen the inner cohesion of the
Jewish Community, and to make Judaism an inner life for
those whosc outer life was straitened. And whenever friction
Started between sections of the Jews in their hard struggle, he
was alert to throw in all his personal gentleness and peaceful-
ness to remove it.
Though he held no public office and was no orator and no
writer for the public, he could make any body of old or young,
Jew or Gentile, attend to his cause. His attitude was the
same towards the perplexing problems which the Jews had
to face in the National Home of Palestine. It was elementary
to him that the essential condition of progress was peace and
conciliation between Jews and Arabs, and in that belief
nothing could shake him. In the short periods when he was
in the country, and throughout the latter years when his
mind was more and more directed to the hope of his Jewish
generation in Palestine, he was untiring in the search of
understanding with the Arabs.
It was another of his convictions that peace could be built
on a foundation of knowledge, and that those with knowledge
could influence those who were led astray by passion and
ignorance. During the second world war he sufFercd himself
the bitter lot of being torn from his family, from old associates,
from the work to which he had given his youth.
Living in an atmosphere of growing hatred and horror,
he must hold fast to the ideal for the foundation of peace.
He was saddened, but was free from life's slow strain.
All that he could do presently was to bring comfort and
relief to the thousands of his people who suffered from
restraints which the country of refuge feit compelled to
impose, and to undertake any errand, such as that which
cnded his life, where he could by action alleviate misery.
But his greatest effort in the last years was to study the
deeper movements which were working in the human
revolution, so that he should be able to exercise some modest
influence in moulding opinion towards the better order. He
strove to see the Jewish problem as a whole, the problem of
Europe as a whole, and the problem of all races and peoples
as a whole. In that way only he could pursue that search
for peace and harmony, the peace within and without, for
which he longed for himself and all his fellow men.
10
DR, CHAIM WEIZMANN',
ARTIST AND IDEALIST
IT is nearly a year since Wilfrid Israel died. If we have
had time to recover a little from the first shock of his
death, we have also had time to realise more fully what it
means to us, both as his friends and as his fellow-workers.
Everyone privileged to work with him has feit his going as a
deep personal loss. But over and above that, we know that
his rare combination of idealism, human sympathy, and
practical ability leaves the Movement he served tragically
the poorer by his death.
Child of a wealthy Berlin family, grandchild of a famous
English Rabbi, he may well have found it difficult to reconcile
his personal tastes — which lay in the direction of sculpture
and a reflective idealism — with the career destined for him as
heir to a great German business house. Yet he threw himself
with enthusiasm into the family business, taking from the
first a special interest in the social welfare side — an interest
which grew stronger as conditions in Germany deteriorated,
and his sense of responsibility for others widened and deepened.
From the beginning, he was one of Youth Aliyah's most
enthusiastic and efhcient collaborators, and I believe that it
was in this work for the rescue and rehabilitation of our
young people that he found his füllest satisfaction. Palestine
had always fascinated both the artist and the idealist in him —
though I doubt if he would ever have called himself a Zionist
— and Youth Aliyah, providing as it does the link between
Palestine and the rescue of youth, fired his imagination, and
spurred him to unremitting effort.
It was not, however, for Youth Aliyah that he undertook
his last journey. It was for the ordinary immigration work
of the Jewish Agency ; we were hard put to it to find a man
who could go on our behalf to Lisbon to select from among
the refugees in Spain and Portugal those who were suitable
for Palestine immigration certificates, and to try and arrangc
for their transport.
Wilfrid Israel was at the time engaged in research work
for the Royal Institute of International AfTairs, but he at oncc
offered to ask for leave of abscnce, and to go to Lisbon for us.
From all the Information that rcached us, and from the
results of his mission, we know that he was emincntly successful.
His true memorial is, as he would have wished it to be, in
the hearts and lives of those he was able to save from destruc-
tion. I think he would not have feit that he died in vain.
11
(!
m
j
',»ax*»-*i'. ■•'■-': ■ nir-.- ■■ % '«■■"f^'lrv^
^*»>'.-
GUSTAV HÖRN :
WE FROM THE KIBBUZ HASOREA
{Speech delivered at the Commemoralion
Ben-Schemen on December i^th, 1943.)
in
Yy/HOEVER among us desires to clear up his mind as to
the charactcr of the relationship of Wiifrid to the
Kibbuz Hasorea, and its people, will liave brought home to
him the fundamental fact that Wilfrid's relation to us was
not the attitude of a Maccenas-an attitude indeed which
was entirely ahen to the nature of VVilfrid-not the posture of
die .ntcrested fner.d, but füll and genuine participation, real
Chaverutn.
Perhaps it may secm remarkable that this man who, in his
external appearance, just as in his character, embodied what
was noblest and highest that has sprung from German lewry
in this late moment of its history, that this man feit hirnseif
2 J^^"^^^^^' ^"""'^ "P ^'^^ ^ youth which had chosen
the d.fficult path of realisation by physical labour, feit
himself to be part of it, and found his way to it, ovcrstepoing
the dillerence of age, social position and course of life. There
were however, primary qualities in the character of Wiifrid
which made this attachment a possibility. His fundamental
attitude, reahsed early, that the esscntial thing is to hold out
unflmchmgly in the post in which you are placed, to carry
through to the very cnd the task one has set oneself— an
attitude to which Wiifrid remained faithful to his last hour and
which brought about his tragic end— and his high degree of
moral rcsolution and determination caused him to feel
himself akin to a youth which, in the Chaluziuth, was striking
out along the path of national and social rcnovation.
• ^? ^"^rfM."^'^'*: '** obscrvc that rare degree of moral resolu-
tion in Wilfnd in the critical situations of his life, created for
hini and for all of us during these difficult past ten ycar^i.
Iwicc this man of outstanding character, at times appearing
perhaps rather weak, had to experience in his onvii persona
and phybically, the whole of the inhuman barbarity of the
Nazis.
Those who observed Wiifrid on thosc occasions were able
to gather strength and courage to endurc from his upright
12
ifi. .*! I II 'iiifiiifi^ni'ifci ' rrtii "^^'A-r--'
attitude, concerned only with the welfare of others. The
same attitude it was which prompted Wiifrid, who was in
his inncnnost nature, utterly averse to all that savours of
war, to lock upon it as a matter of course when, as the head
of a group engaged in anti-aircraft work in the days of the
Blitz in London, he spent days and nights in rendering
assistance. And vvhcn the question of active military Service
arose he disniissed any idea that he ought to save himself
for special duties and was prepared to undertake his duty
as a simple soldier.
We became acquaintcd with Wiifrid in the year 1933, at a
time which he no doubt himself looked upon as the decisive
period of his life, the months following the death of Ludwig
Tietz. The death of this man, to whom he was closely
attached, and for whom he had first conceived friendship in
the difficult days of 1933, perhaps meant for Wiifrid the
decisive turn, the crisis in his life.
W^ilfrid saw in the death of Tietz a fatality for his circle of
friends and also for the whole of German Jewry. Neverthe-
less, he at the same time viewed this fatality as imposing upon
him the holy duty of carrying on what had been begun by
Tietz. It was as it were a bequest to him, from that hour
onwards, no longer to alienate himself, cven in thought,
from the task of serving this German Jewry and later on the
whole of cur wretched tortured people, to the last ounce of
his strength. And in actual fact this rcsolution gave Wiifrid
the power, overcoming the weaknesses of his suffering body
and fighting down all longing for fulfilment of his own
personality, to remain steadfast and to devote himself wholly
to the Service he had undertaken.
Wilfrid's mceting with the ** workpeople " falls within this
period of developrnent. Threc Clements, which were typical
of the attitude of the '* Bund " no doubt particularly attracted
Wiifrid to this sphere ; the return of an assimilating youth
to its people, and its quest for the sources of nationality ; the
special importance allottcd to the development of the
individual, and (inally, what was perhaps the most important,
the fact that this circle had, by the attitude thus adopted,
decided to proceed along the patii of realisation in E.rez Israel.
13
St-.«
Rfi
.'»^-..ß-NMC^^i**^
^
*^i*i„itkt^
»•J*.U_kJ«t|
Ji^aMrtaftiiiftirrx
I MlllHil MUMlfc«!*.
••1
: »
i
Wilfnd, who only cntered reluctantly, if at all, into anv
organising connection, did not shrink from attachinsr hiinself
so closely to this circle of the working people that, of his own
accord, he made the Suggestion that he should tax himself
and pay a membership contribution. After a public occasion
wYr -j ^^ basesof the path we are to pursuc were presented,
Wilfrid wrote, from a listener I became an adherent."
It is clear, however, that for him this act of becoming an
adherent could not mean identifying himself with all the
opinions and views put forward by this group of people.
Perhaps it is a matter of course that for a man for whom
triendship and a relationship of love to individuals had come
to be an essential feature of his character, it was not the
opmion but the people themsclves who werc the decisive
tactor. When, m 1941, under the influence of territorial
ideas and a Zionistic view bearing the impress of Achad
Haaam, \\ ilfrid began to doubt the Zionistic view that the
Jewish question could only find a Solution in Palestine he
was deeply concerned to ensure that this idealogical dcviation
should not affect the sphere of personal friendship and attach-
ment. For the rest it was only a temporary deviation The
two years 1942-43» so terrible for the Jews of Europc, caused
him to move farther and farther away from such ideas The
fact of his having undertaken his last task in the Service of
Jewish Agency no doubt proves more clearly than anv
idealogical declaration what was the Standpoint of Wilfrid.
It does not seem appropriate, perhaps it is not cven possible
to present Wilfrid's opinions and views in detail Indeed
he was always prepared to cffect a radical change in his view
Ol thmgs, to learn and to be convinced. On the decisive
questions of our time, however, Wilfrid had a positive con-
viction and a clear attitude. When, at the beginning of
this war, a defeatist view became evident all over the world
and among wide classes of our own people, a view wiiich
was prepared to yield to the superior force of Fascism (buoyed
up at times by the false ideology, that all that mattered was
10 save the " spirit '*) Wilfrid fought resolutely against such
an attitude. He had learned and recogniscd from expcrience
that Fascism is the danger of our time, barbarism, the destruc-
tion of all values and human dignity.
14
(-
Wilfrid thought it his duty everywhere to rousc people
and encourage them to fight energetically to the last against
the enemy of mankind. In keeping with this attitude
obviously, Wilfrid was one of those who saw the only hope
for a re-creation of humanity in a socialistic re-arrangement
of the world. In this respect, too, Wilfrid was not ideologi-
cally settled. Perhaps there always remained in his heart a
doubt of the meaning of the conversion of institutions,
sociologically. Within the ränge of action, proper, of his
father's business he endeavoured to create, in caring for the
cmployees of the firm, an order which should bridge over
the gaps of the existing System. It was clear to him, however,
that this was only possible in individual cases, and that it
meant no change in the ordering of the affairs of the world.
Moreover he knew that only great movements of working
people in the world could create the new order, and he feit
that he belonged to this movement, without any snobbery,
as one who wished to help in bringing about the dawn.
During thesc years of war in particular it became more
and more clear to Wilfrid that only a new ordering of human
affairs, as regards social conditions likewise, could providc
the conditions for peace, and hope for humanity. He was
solely preoccupied with the idea that the Jewish people and
its leadcrs should recognise that a true and complete connec-
tion with the progressive powers, with the forces of the West —
and he looked upon Soviet Russia as one of the decisive
factors — could alone provide the Solution of our fate.
Wilfrid*s meeting with the people of the Kibbuz Hasorea
took place, so to speak, in the form of an encounter with
three dificrent groups. First it was the group of people
who werc responsible in 1933 for the leadership of the move-
ment. In the following years, Wilfrid came into close touch
with an entire group of younger Chawerim, who werc then
at the beginning of their Hachscharah, and whom he en-
countered later on again in this country as people already
responsible for the Kibbuz, for economics. Finally, on his
Visit here in 1940 he came into contacl with the group engagcd
in artistic work within the Kibbuz. Here he was particularly
impressed by the great cndowment which the Kibbuz move-
ment had bccn able to provide for working people, namely,
15
■?r'^^.^.-,'*i(»t.i'JT?f
is:i^
^Sy:»#«i<ftlWWK.-.
4
I!
■I
to afford those artistically gifted the possibility of developin^
and practismg their qualities. This was a desideratum
which had not been satisfied as regards him himself thoueh
he hved under external conditions so much more favourable.
The second sphere in which Wilfrid feit himself one with
US, was the movement and at the same time the Coming
about of the new Community in the Kibbuz. All the problems
ot this proccss of Coming into existcnce of a new form of
Society were shared by him in thought, and he made them
the subject of his lovmg care. The creation of new livin<'
conditions, both in the social and the human aspect, tht
development of each individual friend within the new frkme-
work of a coUective life, was taken deeply to heart by him.
Wilfrid however, found the central point of all his attach-
ments in his relation to this settlement, Hasorea in Ercz Israel.
In this relation (as to which he himself said that it gave him
secunty) very much was involved for him : love of the
settlement m its structure, the intimate relation to the land-
scape of the Emek and interest in a newly-born economic
System. And however improbable it may seem, he en-
deavoured, both from a distance and during the short time
of his stay here, to acquaint himself with the problems of
economy and its individual branches, devoting his interest
and his care to them. He wanted to know and be informed
about the development of evcry field and every garden.
n^'w u"'^'^ -^^ r°'"f' P^^""=^ '" ^^^ "^me of Professor
donation of Wilfrid, is dedicated to the memory of his great
grandfathcr, the founder of the house of Nathan Israel.
During all the years in which Hasorea had to contend
with the great difficulücs in the process of settlement, Wilfrid
lel himselt fully representative of our interests, and was
able to place the great repute in which he was held at the
Service of our cause. More than once, indeed, the latc
Arthur Ruppin, who looked upon himself as the patron of
our settlement stated how responsible he feit himself whcn
answcring VVi frid's prcssing and thoughtful qucstions in
connection wuh the land of our settlement.
It will thercfore not appear stränge that Wilfrid knew
and feit that he would find his house, his home, in Hasorea-
16
»'♦*-.;
When in the spring of 1940, after a short visit to the country,
he returned to London for the work which he had undertaken
to carry out, he wrote as follows about the journey to one
Ol our number :
" I know that my path is laid down bv necessity. I also
know that the security of Hasorea gives me a feeling of being
at home. I go out again with rencwed strength. And
whatever the future may hold in störe, my stay within the
country will greatly soften in my heart all that may come.
however painful it may be."
When Wilfrid thought of the future, of a time which must
come after the grey days we are now living, it was his wish
to set up for himself a little house in Hasorea, in which.
after years of arduous fulfilment of duty, he could indulge
the desire of his heart and devote himself to sculpture. Alone
with this wish, however, he had the presentiment that perhaps
U would not be vouchsafed him. And therefore, even years
ago he asked his friends to see that he found his last resting
place, m the event of something happcning to him, in our
mountain cemetery on the edge of the wood, in the view of
the Emek which he loved so much. A cruel fate has not
permitted us to give efTect even to this last wish.
^^' ^ho have been privileged to know Wilfrid's great
strength of friendship, who experienced, as a gift to us, his
love and attachment to the settlement which was Coming into
cxistence, we know nevertheless that Wilfrid did not belon«
entirely to us or to some other work to which he devoted h^
powers and his abi ities. His cntire love belonged to the land,
the land of our fathers, in which a new generation is workin?
at the renovation of our people, the whole of his care was for
our unfortunate people, to the Service of which he had given
himself up completely, and in whosc Service he feil, as a
genuine fighter for a better future.
i^ecorM ,„ the tarly days of February, 1944, when tht
shtp ^yasa brought 757 Olim to the country, the fmt
for whom Htlfnd's work in Lisbon had oöened üb tht wat
to salvation and to the Alija.)
17
W
l'iKf*^"^':
^.4**i.<?wiq|«(ff/»««inw.
;j
:1
tv
. ■J.h,, ••*
GEORGE LANDAUER:
THREE GENERATIONS OF GERMAN JEWRY
yHE business house of N. Israel closed its doors in April
1939, after having been established for ncarly one
hundred and twenty-five years. These one hundred and
tvventy.five years were marked by an almost uninterrupted
progress. And frcm its peak point the concern was dashed
down to complete annihilation, such indeed as marked thc
täte ot German Jewry during that decade. Upon what a
rieh hfe was this house, this family, able to look back, by
reason of its participation in the economic and the social
V'il r? German cultural life and in all spheres of our
Jewish hfe ! ^
The history of this house and this family portrays in
miniature the history of German Jewry since its emancipation.
1 he succeeding three generations exhibit to our eyes the stages
ot mtel ectual development through which Jewish youth
passed borne along by the powerful currents of cultural life
which developed during these hundred years.
These three generations of Jewish youth have raised up
and brought forward personalities who came to be the most
eminent and most important representatives of politics and
the social struggle, of literature, art and science, and the
pace-makers of movements, non-Jewish and Jewish, directed
to the establishment of a new age.
How much indeed is Jewry indebted to them ! How much
do Germany and Europe owe them ! Only to-day do we
begin to realize the great importance of these three generations
of German Jewish youth. The Jewish youth of our times is
novy beginning to study their works, to grasp their person-
alities and even to see in them a pattern and example.
One would be inclined to think that Wilfrid Israel summed
up the entire heritage of these three generations in his frail
body, in his tender mentality, in his sensitiveness of feeling,
in his comprehensive education, and that in him, vvhatever
was good, and worthy of preservation and of inheritance,
was represented again in unity.
Perhaps this cxplains his many-sided character, the exten-
sive ränge of his intcrests. Perhaps it explains his instinctive
understanding of people and movements and the internal
balance of often contradictory tendencies in a single character.
He showed us a higher degree of harmony than we find in
18
:*'^' •♦»«ü^.flüFtyv
inif in miMJifci ftif in
J^ktaämmäitktm^
'•'*r*y"^'^~'y'.'!'yj*^Tl ■;;''— ^'-^t?
\
K\
irtk'l
•$!r.
.y
-**^i:-ni>*ju;.
^'^'■^'^.iC
■^
'^'
jav-
^y
•>»»
■^^xv
.,i*"'
^i^
i i
, t
Wilfrid iMacl: «H \UC( )AL I MC AWl \( i
r
- *C', ■•**(, nmJhv
t'^w.-^-.*-i ■-■-■«f--Trt^-j
I 1
ri
; I'
^y
BRONZE FJGÜRE OF A TIGER
Early Persiaii. showing rescniblance to tlie Chan Han Pericxi
(206 B.c.— 220 A.D.)
Collectlon Wllfrid Israel
a.*:
v- • :
■s--'^:'*"
**>^..^
t^>.
^
♦ V
•* ' ^
*«?
f'-'^
^>'l.«r.
J*.
^ C-
^>*
J5UDDHA in kl':LIEF
Sand-toiie, KIiiikt, IJth OnlurN
i'olliTtion Wilfrid I.'^r.i.'i
V
*J.-.r ' . _k£ <
.Wf.l
Personalities in which one tendency, political or social or
artistic, has attained predominance over the entire person-
ality, with all its powers and interests.
That was why there not only emanated from him the
dominating Force of the leader, but explains perhaps the
great attraction which Wilfrid Israel exercised on youth
and generally on those mentally alert and active who camc
into contact with him.
It was the three generations of Jewish youth who were so
characteristic of the intellectual development of German
Jewry during the past Century. Through them we can trace
a Jewish path, from the beginnings of emancipation and
assimilation until Jewish self-determination and the great
collapse of the German Galuth, with the new movement of
reconstruction.
Jewish youth in Germany found its place in both the
hostile camps, in the diffcrences between liberalism and
socialism, in the struggle of the ranks and classes which
embodied the liberal and socialist tendencies. They even
found a synthesis in Jewry ! In the affirmation of modern
Jewry we find not only a return to Judaism but also a con-
tinuation of the struggles of humanity in the preceding
generations.
In the third generation we see the positive aspect, awakened
firstly by German culture and the European ideal, further
developed by hberal training and the social struggle, finally
giving rise to a new Jewish youth movement, which then
worked by the methods of modern organisations, created
institutions itself, and embraced and educated large masses.
None of the threc Clements indced was wanting. The science
of Jewry was given a new concrete form and cxerted an
undreamcd - of power of attraction on Jewish youth.
Academies, people's Colleges, and teaching institutions
sprang to life.
Jewish youth in Germany gathercd round their owrn
leadcrs and tcachers. There was a return to the fountain-
head. Judaism was once more learnt and lived. The fight
for the re-creation of social life and for the reform of the
whole of humanity led to the development of a specific
Jewish socialism for direct realisation. This imparted a
particularly humanistic characier to the Chaluziiith.
The reformist endeavours of the Kulturverein, Heine's
aflfirmation of the Jewish faith, the pride and will for redemp-
tion of Lasalle, Moses Hess' Solution of the national question,
19
■\ •
■ 4iirt "WiliiMB^.^
'^■' ^.
-i ■»> --J-VJ- : itjrMi„"ff'- ,iir^, jBtj^ ; ^ .
rlini toltämut
all this recun again in this third generation of German
Jewry. m Herzl's experience of Jewish honour. in the partTcu"
the fnghttul catastrophe to Palestine, and which here crea eH
rd'ediS.''"'^"^ ^"' "^^ ""^^" «^i-i^»^ and hu^'niSLt
the't"the1rwhicrth^;'"^'''"'r 'T" ^l<^ouraging indeed was
nWi"Jrid Israel H. T' "^ '''"''' '^'''^ 8^"^'-^^^°"« found
11 vvuina Israel. He was permeated with German inH
European culture, this heir of German Jewish and Ando
Jewish trad.tion, a proud bearer of the name and reorescn a
iveof the houseof Israel. He practised culture and Srt He*
'e'ons'Tucr;'' T^l"^^ l" all^institutions of sociarh p and
reconstruct.on. In his heart and mind humanism anH
oaahsm were c osely bound up and firmly roo"S He he"d
tha Palestine in particular must be such that aU the e
reaiisation. He did not come under any partv label • h!.
was not a hberal, not a socialist. not a^soda worker'- ^r
rcorb?nä°"ir;h"°' ^ ^"™^'^^"' "°^ y^-^ ^^11«^;-:;: b'
If \\ilfrid had further matured would he have become
one-sided w-ould one tendency have gained the uppcr hand
eveT a crelr'a- ' /' " \^"^^ '"'"^ '^y^'»^ keepsTeLe ?^
for^i'if n Jh'f ' p''? ''•" '"^'"^S "'""'""^^''' he was still looking
vencd "^Tn h ^''l'^^'l^e- Hc died before maturitv super?
leach the youth of this generation to neglect nothin? of what
beloiigcd to the best endeavours of previous eencrations Tr!
e^dÄnV^^'^hr" ''^^ '^ """'-y '^ preieSrn Zt ein
b^audfuTld^rdtlistic.'" ^"^^" ^"' ™^''^ ^- ^-"- -«-
In Wilfrid Israel three generations of German Tewish
has"o'cc::r"dT::T'ir'r'p^'"'"''r ^^«^ s---' "r:a\-{:hich
Start Hnw K 'he hfe of German Jewry now calls for a fresh
Start. How bcautilul it would bc if in this fresh Start the
emb^dSd '-'V"' endeavours of VVÜfrid iS ou^ t
StrPaleltin" ^^'"'^"^'^ ^"' ^"^^^^^^^^ «^ °- >--h
A TRIBUTE FROM BOUVIA
E have heard with decp emotion of the trade
death of ^
WiLFRiD Israel.
We remembcr him with reverence and gratitude.
He was not only the employer to whose pre-eminent
commercial and organising capabilities we looked up in
admiration but the embodiment of the traditional social
attitudc of the old and esteemed firm.
VVilfrid Israel was our friend, counsellor and support,
cspecially durmg the criticai period of emigration, and
contmued to maintain friendly relations with us after we
nad immigrated.
An exceedingly gifted and noble fellow creature has bcen
taken from us by a cowardly attack by German airmen on
an unarmed commercial aeroplane.
We shall never forget him.
T ^^^ ^^^^ employees of the firm of N. Israel, Berlin, now in
La Paz, Bolivia.
Bertha Auerbach nee Hoenigsberg
Susi Glaser nee Krebs
James MaxNasse
Trude Weinsteln nee Kugelmann
Heinz Berliner
Max Kissinger
Hanny Rau nee Reinowitz
Erni Wolf nee Wehner.
SIEGFRIED LEHMANN:
HE LOVED YOUTH
Address deliiered at the Commemoration in
Ben-Schemen on December 14M, 1943.
\yE have gathered to-day in Ben-Schemen in order to
rccall to memory the figure of the man to whom our
village IS decply indobtcd. Wilfrid Israel was one of the
founders of the socic^ty in Germ:iny which created B.n-
Schemen. Hc was President of that Society until it was
Wüund up aftcr 1933.
.■!-7^.«5»*^r-j»,^
'(iimmrP^"!<V"r-' ■.•'«•m'rt^-r^itmf>tK!-.m<^,.^^ , .--^A.i,^«,^.
ifiiiiiil'Ti'MlitWli*! ri
^l^^m!fi^_jii*i^i'^i^}trmiTS{^^-
^klf !^ »i'AMDVi. • —JtiM'ik'ii*'Hhht< t
i.tEf>- / ..■ ,'>!>.
^4''!:f|*<v.:ij<:y:-:»"--
..dbcw .»..„.iikft ?nnt<ti.ii>i<fc*>.^->-t
.. ■ .-^-t^M: .*:t-iiA--St: —..^.'•^'i^-
t-i^: hm^r • ^*i
i%
1
H
i
)'l
was^bu'irrn^r^K '° ^,""^,'^^''<"- Ben-Schemen, not a house
was built not a branch of industry added, not a sinde basir
of W'f :T r^' Hf^-°' V^^ ^•'"' »- without tL Ln'otlX
Ol W.I., wuhout h.s advice being available when called for
We necessanly esteemed this advice very highly, since it Tas
the adv.ce of a man endowed with a partku bdv fine ens^
[nH.if P^^'^r °^ '^' "^"'^^"°" «f" y°"'h. How rapidly
mdeed, whcn he came to Ben-Schemen as a auest dS he
make contact with youth and win its confidence
wiS'ti?n?H \T\ '^^' ^'°"'^ ^"^'^^ ^^"^^ ^«^olved to break
Deasant on 1 1 "l "'^ "'^ ^"'^ '° *^"''^'- "P°" ^ "^^ Hfe as
peasant on the iand. It was on account of this new hfe that
fn a^fna^-'T ^r ''T'- ^"^ ^-^ ^--' not diffe en
a.ny Particular from the remaining countries of Eurooe
would have been ahen to him. He looked forward to a n" w
begmn.ng based on the reahsation of social justice in th^
social structure of the country, on the return of the W
to the soll, on his linking himself up with nature.
^Z^^l- ^^'"'^"''"'•al sector-so he once wrote in a letter
dating from ,942-should be strengthened and the demand
urged All these considerations, however, are put aside even
here by my fnends as being out of date and mostly sterHe
Perhaps they are indeed antiquated. and yet I am unabk to
rid my mind of this idea." ^ '°
awt?e^hl^t^K'M r^ experience of lifo, he was but too well
b^carr edo n h ^^ ^"^ "^ °^ 'l"'' ""^ ^'^"^ ^^'"^^^ ^«"''l °nly
for such aüsk^ >mn,.grants vvho vvere suited to and prepared
should in ftf'f , ^ ^ uP »he Standpoint that selection
Dormnce / T' ^'l ^"^, ^"'"^''^ °*' ^^^'^ive im-
f« h. • ■ c' j •• •';!• ^''^'' '''*= selective piinciple appears
Schemen ■T"'^'^ '''f splendidly in connection withV"
Schemen lor example and m relation to the Youth Alijah
The work should he intensif.cd in this direction. . . '>
The cruel lot which befeil our people in 10^-^ gavc another
darection to his thoughts. He dcv^ted his'^life to salg
those wlio were ahle to escape from Europe, and to reS
possiblc their return to the old homeland.
andX. bif'^"* '" P^''''^"'^'" °^ '^"° '^""' ^^''th VV.I., the first
On the first occasion, at the bcginning of the twenties, we
22
met in Lithuania. VV.I. had then returned from a voyage
round the world. He had been in America, China, India
and Russia and he was now returning home by way of
Lithuania. He wishcd, in Lithuania, to acquaint himself
with the life of the Jew in the east. 1 showed him the poverty
of the Jewish quarter, I showed him the social and edu-
cational institutions, but I soon realised that at that time the
Jewish question was not one whicli played a decisive oart
m his lile.
As compared with the questions which agitated European
intellectuals at that time, aftcr the end of the previous world
war, the Jewish question, though important, was nevertheless
only the private question, so to speak, of a small and unhappy
people. (During his travels he had come into contact with
influcntial pacifist circles in England and with adherents of
Gandhi in India and the Mahatma himself.)
In addition there was the fact that at that time his artistic
interests as a sculptor were very much to the fore. What
relation existed at ihat time for this young man between the
world of beauty at which he aimed and "the dirty poor and
unlovely Jewish quarters which I was abie to show him during
our walks in Slavodka ? Our first talk was held in this
environment. Then followed the years during which, long
before the inception of the fascist movement in Germany,
he drew nearer to the Jewish question and consequently to
the Zionist movement.
When we talkcd togethcr on the last occasion we were sitting
in his country house ncar Berlin. It was a few months before
the outbreak of the war. The beautiful and wcll-cared-for
house produced an impression of sadness. It was almost
empty and the packed trunks and boxes were lying around
the rooms.
** I finished with them yesterday. I shall be leaving
Germany within the ncxt few days." In the course of the
same conversation he told me of his efforts to interest foreign
diplomatists in the fate of the Jews in Germany. These
efforts, he told me with some bitterness, were fruitless,
because diplomatic considerations gained the upper band
over human sympathics.
In this last talk, a few days before he left Germany, he
produced the impression of a tired and sick man, who had
fought to the last momcnt, had fulfilled his duty to his family
ri ^ ;
^a^7.^'i:?J^fr»fSif>.
*<ij
I
and his people, and who had now earned the right to seek
a rest. That this period of rest did not last very long was
evident to us by the repoi ts which we received from London.
To this gathering, the invitcd guests of which include
cducationists and youth groups from Ben Schemen, I would
like to put the question : What is there for our youth to
Icarn from the life and the death of VVilfrid Israel ?
It should be the endeavour of our socialist youth to rectify
two fundamental conceptions of which they make use almost
daily : The conception of the ** bourgeois '' and the conceo-
tion of the '* hero/' ^
The bourgeois is, by its type, the well-fed man. His desirc
IS to make himself as comfortable as possible on this earth,
whether on a small salary or on a largc fortune. He aims at
a quiet existence without disturbances encroaching on his
personal life. For that reason he is unable to raise himself
above the prejudices of the social Stratum in which he lives.
He can only live in conditions of good understanding with
the World surrounding him.
A youth educated so as to be free from prejudices will find
this type of bourgeois in all the strata of our society, no less
in a certain class of workmen and officials than in the class
of the bourgeoisie itself. It will find this type in all political
parties, not only among the conservatives but also among
the socialists. The counter type to the bourgeois is the man
who does not seek rest, who does not content himself with
the World as it is. He places his life at the Service of a lofty
idea, he is always ready to make sacrifices if the idea calls
for them. Our youth will find this type also in all classes,
in the working class, but also in the middle class.
For that reason our socialistically minded youth should
reahze that the so-oftcn-reiteratcd division of people into
classes is false, as soon as you deal with the value of a man.
Thcy should learn from us to see in the individual man not
only the representative of the class of society to which he
belongs, but also the embodiment of human values, the man
pure and simple created in the image of God.
W.L belonged by his origin to the wealthier bourgeoisie.
Nevertheless he was perhaps less of a bourgeois than the
porter of his business house who opened the door for him
every morning.
24
yyv**^^^* *^t j--*!
f'iiiii'iiaftniiiiiiiV 'it I r -■— -'--^--«"^''---^
W.I. was not a " hero '* in the sense in which our youth
nowadays understands the word heroism. He was a very
gentle man with a passionate lovc for all that was beautiful
and noble. But this fighter against violence was able, in
his encounters with the Fascists in Germany, to furnish an
extraordinary example of civil courage.
Everything military — we are speaking here of the pre-war
period — every pose as a hero was allen and repellent to him.
Nevertheless W.I. died like a good soldier. He knew that
the passage over the Bay of Biscay was dangerous. But he
had been asked to help. Quietly and modestly, as was his
nature, he had undertaken the task — a task from which he
did not return. He himself would never havc looked upon
his act as the act of a '* hero '* but as the act of a person who
does his duty when called upon.
In our days that is not a view widely held. Youth speak
only of " heroism " because " duty " is to them too small
and unpretentious an idea. This attitude is in keeping with
the spirit of our times. In 1934 a thousand posters in Italy
bore the words,
" The principle of Fascism is heroism.'*
Earlier generations were more modcst. The signal of
Nelson at Trafalgar was not " England expects every man
to be a hero." It ** only " said : ** England expects every
man to do his duty."
In our education of youth we should return to this form
of modesty.
Otherwise there is the danger that youth may intoxicate
themselves with big words and that, in matters great and
small, the heroic phrase may take the place of the personal
sacrifice, the act which duty imposes upon us.
Let the life and the death of VVilfrid Israel serve as a lofty
example to our youth.
l
r
*.
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3
• ♦
I I
25
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afl^^T^^^^(^^Hf'H^nA.<JlR?flMtkJ^t!(f'4t^
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ALBERT EINSTEIN :
[Translation)
Princetown, N.J.
Dear Mn. Israel, ^^' ^^* '«'
erelt'^anxi Jj'"^ ^'T^'' ^\''' ^'''^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^now your
great anxiety regardmg the fate of your son. Ncver in mv
and as selfless as he was— in very truth a living work of art.
stan^d unTr^^' of mass-misfortune, which so few are able to
l^iberator from despair for mankind.
to US. Yet it urges me, though so helpless, to assure vou of
my deepest sympathy in these most tragic hours ^
With heartfelt wishes,
A. Einstein.
S. ADLER^RUDEL :
WHEREVER MEN SUFFERED
Address at the Memorial Service, West London
Synagogue, June 30/A, 1943
E Jews are passing through the darkest period of our
history ; m days when our losses are nnumerable
we are here to remember the loss of one man, Wilfri? Israel
We are doing so, because he symbolised for us [ewrv n its
täte of a man who devoted bis entire life to the ideals of
mnnnn. ?f ^ wh^never help was possible. He perished likc
milhons of our brethren who are losing their lives for no
other reason than because thcy are Jews
vn!!'5'H ^'T^ "^^ ^"^ outstanding figure amongst the
younger Jewish generation in Germany He belonged to the
younger generation who grew up at the end of the last war
when it seemed that the ideas of humanity would com^
nearer to realisation.
26
.. '
Wilfrid was not a politician, and he did not fit into the
framework of Jewish political parties, or even social Organisa-
tion. His artistic sense for quality did not allow him to
accept or be satisfied with ready-made ideas. His special
interest centred round the problems of Jewish education and
Jewish Youth Movements, and the finest types of the various
branches of the rising Jewish generation in Germany looked
upon him as their most trustcd friend.
It was inevitable that a man of his qualities should play an
important part in the tragic days when the destruction of the
Jews in Germany began. Although overburdened with his
own business and the welfare work for the great number of his
Jewish employees, he gave most of his time to the Organisation
of the emigration work of the Hilfaverein der Juden.
Without having an official position, even without being a
mcmber of the Reichsvertretung der Juden, he became one of
the best emissaries of the small group of pcople whose bitter
task it was to plan and to organise the exodus of the Jews
from Germany. His attractive personality, his natural
dignity and his unassuming modesty won him many friends
amongst Jews and non-Jews alike, destined him to be the Unk
between the Jews in Germany, and Jewish and non-Jewish
organisations abroad.
Wilfrid left Germany shortly before the outbreak of the
war, and started at once to work in the interest of those who
were not fortunate enough to escape in time. In his un-
ceasing efforts he discovered for many of them possibilities
to leave Germany. Later on, when thousands of refugees
were interned, he was one of the first who visited the intern-
ment camps and organised welfare work for them.
He participated actively in the foundation of the Association
of Jewish Refugees, and, here again he refused to accept any
Position in their Executive ; he devoted time and energy to
the work of the Association, never rcfusing help and advise.
Whatcver task he undertook, he fulfilled it without any selfish
interest and avoiding all publicity.
He lost his life in an attempt to bring rescue to others.
With him the Jewish people have lost one of their best sons,
and many of us a very dear friend. Too great is our loss'
and too deep our sorrow to find consolation in words, but we
know that if he had been askcd how he would like to die, he
would have answered : In the Service of my people.
27
V'i
i
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■•■''•♦**IR'^Ü' :r^*^.--'^^f$
. l
i
WILFRID ISRAEL :
ZIONISM ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH
Speech delivered at the Foundation Conference in Berlin
of the League for the Working Palestine, 1928.
'HE words which we heard yesterday and to-day carrird
US beyond the circumscribcd horizon of everyday lifc
and brought a new perspective to view. During the world
war the saying, *' Patriotism is not enough'' came into
cxistencc, and even to the prcsent day this saying rings in
cur ears as an echo ofthat time. I would like to-day to takc
up this utterance and transform it, giving it the corresponding
new impress : Zionism alone is not enough. This, however,
is not meant to imply a negation. On the contrary, this
utterance is meant to embody an absolute affirmation in the
form of the comprehensive categorical imperative : Be a
Jew ! And to be a Jew means (have we not been able oftcn
to gather it from the words of Martin Buber ?) : to ex-
perience ; to Hve the life of the Community.
The we is^ everything, the / is only a part of the we. Being
a Jew requires the individual always to subject himself and
adapt himself to the Community. Will this primary source
of Creative existence, which remained alive during the cen-
turies of involuntary Ghetto life, perhaps prevail now, when
history aflords the Jew the possibility of creating new forms of
living out of his own strength. Is this to be the time, now
when the awakening peoples of the East and the West becomc
awarc that patriotism is not enough, — is this to be a time when
the reply of the Jew to the many unelucidated questions of
the Community and comnmnal life, is to fail us, and not
assume any concrete form ? Should we not if for that reason
alone, confirm that which labouring Palcstine has already
created ?
But therc are many, and not least we Jews oursclves, who
breathlessly await a still more concrete and final shaping of
life, as it is Coming about in Palestine. People in the Near
East look questioningly at what is happcning in the youthful
Jewish Palestine. In India, as I know from my own ex-
perience, they have become acutely awake, even in the en-
vironment of Gandhi and Tagore. They have also become
acutely awake in the new cultural centres of the National
universities of Nanking and Peking. They want to know
whether it is possibie for Jews to combine idea and reality
•■^ -i"-
liBn rtfiVi 'tn-' — — -- ••stm
and thus give a new content to the unsolvcd question of our
time.
The World at large does not distinguish between Zionists
and non-Zionists, the world at large knows only Jews. There-
fore, it is our concern, and it should be the concern of all
Jews, to see to it that those preliminary conditions which
enable the working Jewish Community in Palestine to makc
its way are not destroyed. The working Jewish Community
in Palestine must not feel that it is abandoned. We will
intcrvene on its behalf, because we affirm it, and that in our
times means, as I think, to be a Jew in the most profound
and comprehensive sense.
MARGOT KLAUSNER:
PATHFINDER FOR THE « HABIMA "
ILFRID ISREAL was one of the few people of our time
to whom the cpithet *' noble " may be applied.
Though he was one of the eminent and leading personalities
of German Jewry, his namc was rarely or never mentioned
in the papers, and he was not much spoken of either tili 1933.
That was the time when for him, as for so many others, the
difficult years of trial began, and from then onwards the name
was uttered with love and reverence by Jews in all countries.
About Wilfrid Israel, just as about every great pcrsonality,
therc was an atmosphere of his own, which attracted all to him,
making thcm, at least in his presence, similar to himself. ^ In
this Spiritual atmosphere, many Clements were combined in a
rare rnixture ; the ethics of Judaism, the social ideas of all
religion, a natural fecling for the beauty of the arts and
literaturc and, last but not least, the gentlemanly character
of the English citizen of the world.
When Wilfrid came upon the Habima in 1927 in Berlin,
the Hcbrew National Theatre had reached a crucial point
in its existence. True it had, during its years of pilgrimage
through Europe and America, won over world-wide Jewry,
but it had not yet trod the soil of what was to be its home,
Erez Israel. Just as an individual carried from one phase
into another by fate, lives through traf^^ic crises, in like mannet
this entire institution, the Hebrew Theatre, was engaged in
a bitter struggle for its moral and national existence.
But Wilfrid Israel and we other friends were alive at that
time, in spite of the mighty storms in which the Habima
29
m
: ■J^ri;wi^«ftu^>«»»w"»^>^,,
■ 'T?^*'*"-'rT "»i
l^smätüämmiffi'^^ "-j I fiiii^L- 1 ■ .gjgiiiiiii
; .tJ^.,;---..-Jf«^^.,,,^; >«;öAr<»r''^PfWI»r».
was buffeted about, to the immense vitality and the realisation
of their mission vviih which this group of wandering actors
was inspired. And under the sway of this magic influenae
the path was smoothcd out by friends, the path by which
the Habima made its way to Palestine, the bridge which
brought it back again to Europe and that by which for the
second timc it went to its new home which it had .now
conquered.
One of the most strenuous builders of this bridge, this path,
was Wilfrid Israel. For five years he was at the head of the
Secretariat of the Habima, together with us, the friends who
attended to the administrative propaganda and economic
affairs of the undertaking. Later on this work was finally
transferred to Palestine. Wilfrid found time, notwith-
standmg the immense business strain on him, to devote himself
acdvely to the Organisation of the first cxceedingly difficult
journey of the Company to Palestine in 1928. He alone
organised in Berlin the worthy celebration of the ten-year
period of existence of Habima, towards the end of that ycar.
In 1929 he prepared the first subventioning of the Habima
by the Zionist Congress, and assisted in the foundation of the
Association of Patrons which supported the theatre for
some years.
In his parents' house he gathered together the most eminent
literary and other artists in order to delibcrate in common
on the future career of the Theatre. In the desperate plight
of the Habima in 1930, when it found itsclf in a bhnd alley
owing to its studies in Berlin, Wilfrid provided the means of
salvation, without either his friends or the actors having any
inkling of the fact.
Wilfrid not only possessed the strength to ailord help himself,
but he also induced other people to comply with his wishes!
When the Secretariat of the Habima was cndeavouring at the
end of 1930 to organise a series of Performances in London —
an almost hopeless undertaking under the conditions then
existing— Wilfrid persuaded one of his friends to take in band
the matter of the Habima, and with the assistance thus
obtained, the Performances, after incredible difficulties, at
last took place.
His relation with the Habima in later years was purely one of
friendship, without any practical impllcation after 1933.
But he feit himself intimately bound up with the theatre until
the last months before his death. He was one of those who
T^üiäiimüSut ■Aiitiül'Miiiiix»«»*"'«
i
paved the way for the Habima, but he remained in the
background, never obtruding himself or his assistance.
Speaking of Wilfrid's achievements, they are not so extra-
ordinary — in conncction with the Habima, perhaps — that
they might not be related of other eminent lovers of art.
What cannot be said of the latter, however, — and this is a
feature which no doubt only those w^ho knew him personally
can remember — was the inexpressible gentleness and sensi-
tiveness which permeated all his actions. He was rarely the
one to point out the road and to inaugurate actions, but he
was the one who weighed them up and measured the pros
and cons. He had a discerning eye, a clear judgment in the
measuring of things. He often realised much more quickly
than we did the logic of cvents and the force of inner develop-
ment. Thus for exarnple in 1928 he insisted on friends going
along with the Habima to Palestine, to observe the adaptation
and the transition of the theatre in its new abode. This
Observation led later on to the intensive connection of friends
in Europe with the work, for years. It was he who, in intimate
discussion, insisted that the Habima should take up world
classics, and from the very first he maintained that the theatre
should transfer the weight of its influence in all questions,
artistic and organising, to Palestine, as quickly as possible.
The life of every theatre, but above all that of the Habima
during those years, was filled with passionate excitement,
internal discord and ideological struggles. It was, however,
likewise illuminated by success on the stagc and by deeply
stirring human experiences. Wilfrid was rarely thcre during
the moments of happiness — he was far too retiring for that.
He was the helper in the moment of despair, the adviser
thoughtfully weighing up matters at the time of vital decisions.
And never was his instinct at fault, all of us, almost always,
without clcarly realising it, adopted his course and acted as he
suggested.
It required inany generations for Jewry in Germany 10
create such a figure as Wilfrid Israel. When wc lived with
him we did not know that there was only one such figure,
cspecially as regards its purity, among the hundreds of
thousands. To-day when we mourn hirn, he who left no
posterity, we can only hope that the memory of this figure
may spread wide in Jewry as something by which new
generations will always be able to determine their measurc
of humanity.
n-p ^^ts^w^r^^jm^^^ ■^m''r^'':rfi.
».^.ifWUi»
:<
WERNER SENA TOR :
THERE IS A GREEK STATUE
M"^,^"^ ^^ ""? ^^''^' ^^^ wrongly, that in our public Jcwish
lite we lack, novv more than evcr, leading people of
the younger generation, people who would be capable of
taking upon themselves the guidance of the Jewish nation
amid the tragic and difficuh circumstances of our times and
the post-war period.
When we did think of people who perhaps vvere stron^
enough inwardly to step into the breach and represent our
people, worthily, ably, and with all their heart before the
powers of a new world, the personality of Wilfrid Israel sprang:
to the mind of many. ^
Wilfrid Israel had Sprung from a family of a kind which
possibly could only rise amid the style of lifo, cultural relations
and manifold interests of German Jewry in the iqth and at
the beginning of the 20th Century. His father. Berthold
Israel, was a good and active Jew whose house was open to
Jewish society and Jewish work and who, always ready to
assist, interested himself in many Jewish communal under-
takmgs.
Almost from the beginning of the modern colonisation of
Palestme Berthold Israel was connected with Erez Israel
He occupied a leading position in the Ezra Association for
the assistance of Jews carrying on agriculture in Palestine and
byna, which has been called a western outpost of the Ghoveve
Zion Movement. The great interest and the extensive con-
cern of Berthold Israel in Jewish affairs (he was also actively
connected with the Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden) did not
however imply any restriction of the general cultural and
artistic interests of the house.
The house of Berthold Israel and his wifc, granddaughtcr of
the Chief Rabbi of Great Britain, Dr. Adler, was one of the
most cultural houses of Jewish Berlin and perhaps of intellect-
ual Berlin as a whole. In this house, füll of human and
Jewish culture, Wilfrid Israel grew up. The sons of well-to-
do parents often fail to realise and avail themselves to the füll
of the extensive possibilities which birth, matcrial independ-
ence and the care of their parents afford them, but these
happy conditions were hlghly bcneficial in the development
of the personality of Wilfrid Israel, in imparting to him many
Vciried interests, a high and serious morality, and devotion,
52
with a füll sense of responsibility, to those works which hc
undertook. The varied character of his interests and the
Wide ränge of his personality were often a source of surprise
to his friends, yet the true and decisive feature of this person-
ality was not so much its colourfulness as its moral stren^th
and moral weight. These found their clear and decisive
expression in the fulfüment and realisation of those tasks
which he set himself
A lover of fine literature and the arts, which he himself
practised, a serious, almost a scientific investigator in these
departments and in religious and philosophic questlons hc
neverth-less was able, during difficult times and imder compli-
cated conditions, to carry on a big economic undertaking and
to alter his mcthods in order to adapt them to the require-
ments of the times. His many connections with the German
environmcnt and his relations with the non-German world
were of greai importancc in the carrying through ofthose
decisive tasks which he undertook in the ycar 1933, at the
beginning of the collapse of German Jewry.
These relations were not merely of a commercial or material
character. Their value lay in the cultunil and personal
aspects, m the high esteem which he almost always enjoyed
from the people whom he encountered. But Wilfrid Israel
was never submergcd or lost in the stream of the social life
of German Jewry or international Jewish and non-Jewish
society, which in the years of the German Republic gave a
high intellectual Status to the Berlin of that time, together
with great intellectual wealth. His social interests and
obhgations did not rcsult in his neglecting human relations
to the individual, to friends and acquaintances, to his fellow
workers m his busincss, and he found sufficient time and
strength to take part actively and creatively in work and
Organisation of the importance of which he had once satisfied
himself.
Many are the individual persons, especially. young ones
to whom he aflorded moral and material aid in their develop^
ment. He was devoted heart and soul to the creative work
m Erez Israel, and in particular to two fricndly groups • the
village of youth, Ben Schemen, of whom he was one of the
founders togctlicr with Lola Hahn- Warburg, and to the
director of which, Dr. Siegfried Lehman, he was bound by
long ycars oi hu-iidship. The second group was the youth
33
( 1
II
il ö
^-
^>»iywt»fci»> — » ■^•4nff^_
'-«».'«♦•«•.
i»tii***,»»» •»-*.:>^"
|- ijtwli -fc^ <fc i^"' '**'-'- '
movement of workers which at that timc created in Palestine
the Kibbutz Hasorea. Young people, many of them friends
of Wilfrid Israel, Coming from assimilated circles, sought and
found in this Community the way to Jewry and to Palestine.
In the Kibbutz, in this Kibbutz, thcy at last found the mode
of expression suited to them and Wilfrid Israel accompanied
them vvith loving care along this path of realisation of
their aim.
It was due to no mere chance that the provisions of his will
. deal precisely with these two places in the country, with which
he wanted to remain connected even after his death. The
country had become a part of himseif, the landscape and the
atmosphere had grippcd him, as if by enchantment.
Three times he visited Erez Israel, twice in the years after
1933 and the last time during the war, and friends here hoped
that he would at last set up his home and the scene of his
Creative work in this coimtry. There were of course many
weighty reasons for him to put off his final scttling down in
Erez Israel.
It seems to nie that the decisive reason was the one which
finally led to his tragic death. Wilfrid Israel feit an over-
mastering desire, a desire which invaded his entire personality,
to do his very utmost, to contribute in every way that he
could to the assistance of his distressed and sufifering pcoplc.
This deep feeling of responsibility prompted him to remain
near to the destruction in Europe, and it was this feeling of
responsibility, this desire to help at any rate the remains of
scattered German Jewry, which induced him to undertake his
mission to Spain and Portugal.
When the history of the last ten years of German Jewry
from 1933 to 1943 comes to be written and the names are
recorded of those who persisted in faithful devotion, and who
were willing to make the sacrifice of their personal life for
their brothers and sisters (and in actual fact no small number
of these did die this death of sacrifice) the name of Wilfrid
Israel will be rcverently mentioned together with those of
Leo Baeck, Otto Hirsch, Robert Weltsch and Lola Hahn-
Warburg, and others. Only in those days of the great trial
and the collapse, which were, however, at the same time days
and months of great moral elevation in German Jewry, did
many people realise what great human and moral vvcalth
lay hidden in German Jewry, and only came to light in these
Personalities.
34
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. -:jM»Scs^4kt i^Üff iiii'ig
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Wilfrid Israel was used to act quickly, with extreme pre-
cision and with great success. What was within his powers
was done in order to retard as much as possible and stay the
process of destruction. In those first days of confusion and
fright of 1933 it was he who, one of the few, protected the
Jewish employees of his firm. He succeeded in the course of
years in effecting their emigration gradually and in an orderly
way. At that time he was the actual leader of the Hih'sverein
der Deutschen Juden, the one who organised the whole of
the emit^ration to countries outside Palestine.
Wilfrid Israel afTorded eflective help in the Organisation of
the Zentralausschusses für Hilfe und Aufbau, which at that
time, under the Chairmanship of Leo Baeck and with the
substantial co-operation of Otto Hirsch and also, at the outset,
with the assistance of Ludwig Tietz, dealt with very important
Problems of an economic, social, and so far as was possible,
even of a political nature.
At the same time, however, Wilfrid Israel was bound up in
the dosest way with Zionist work and its people. He was
the natural and successful connecting link between Zionists
and non-Zionists, and he remaincd in Germany, having
always present to his mind the great task of affording advice
and hclp, so far and so long as might be possible, to all those
who needed them.
During those years many Jews and non-Jews visited
Germany and concerned themselves with the Jewish problem.
Most of them consulted Wilfrid Israel. His opinion and his
counsel had a profound effect on thcse people, as they attached
particular weight to them.
My work entailed my visiting Germany every year during
that time tili the war broke out. On each occasion we had
long talks as to possibilities and methods of help. During
the first years he would not hear of leaving Germany, as the
task was a great one and he might perhaps achieve it. But
from 1937 onwards, and in 1938, I tried to persuade him to
leave Germany bccause his work was nearing its end ; but
only in the bc^inning of 1939, after the November pogrom
in Germany, after the issue of the ofhcial order of confiscation
and dissolution of all Jewish property, did he at last leave
Germany.
Wilfrid went to England, the country of his birth, but he
continued his work for German Jewry. From England, he
still tried to help in Germany, but hc dc^voted himself specially
35
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■'i.^j^t>*aLi>hrr.i»^im^ - . - "»rtijlij-gjc^t
t
to the work of the youih Aliyah. New and important splieres
of labour were opened up to him in generai Jewish work and
in Palestine work, in connection, among other things, with
his joining the Board of the ICA.
We pinned great hopes on the many dilTerent labours which
he had here again entered upon, in particular as regards the
intervention of his personality in favour of Erez Israel.
Then his fate overtook him. The Jewish agency appHed
to him, and no better man could be found, to organise the
Aliyah of the Refugees in Spain and Portugal. And with his
old devotion to his work, prompted by his own feehng of
deep concern and a sense of fulfilmcnt of duty, Wilfrid Israel
enterrd upon the labours from which he did not return.
There is a Greek statue, a monumcnt over a grave, on which
a handsome Greek youth may be seen extinguishing a torch.
Thus the Greek artist represented death. And in niy memory
the picture of Wilfrid Israel merges with that of the handsome
Greek youth.
ELKAjV JV. ADLER:
CHALUZIM LOOKED UP TO HIM
T KNEW my great-nephew Wilfrid Israel all his life. He
was the eider son of my niece, Mrs. Amy Israel, and when
he was Barmitzvah my present to him was the works of
Walter Scott.
In December, 1924, he and another nephew Martin
Heilbut accompanied me on a notable journey via Trieste,
Alexandria and Cairo to Luxer, where I acquired the '* Adler
Papyri," and one of them helped me with the cash to pay
for them. I remember that, when in Cairo, they left me
severely alone and went their own ways in that city.
In December, 1934, he and Martin Heilbut accompanied
me to Jerusalem and Amman. On the journey there from
Gibraltar he was always associating with the young Ghaluzim,
who were refugees for Jerusalem and they looked up to him
as a kindred spirit.
I should say that Wilfrid Israel from boyhood always was
looking to life as a great secret to be revealed and was imagina-
tive and very sociable, but without any sign of conceit. Even
in Berlin he preferred to have his own digs in the Bendler-
strasse though his parents had a sumptuous house in the
adjoining street. At that time he was a coUector of early
Assyrian antiqucs and indeed possessed a notable collection.
(«'^firwsrr^?^?!»'-"?'?^
i;.L'!^.;j.
19' k
HAROLD BEELET:
WAR WORK, i94»-43
" He placed at the disposal of Ihe British Government Jus deep
and extensive Knowledge of Germany and German ajatrs. —
" The Times," June 4//;, 1943- (Editorial Note)
IN November, 1941, Wilfrid Israel went to Oxford to
* enquire whethcr his knowlcdgc and expenence could be
made use of by what was then the Foreign Research and
Press Service.
We could not have seen at the time how much of his
character was expressed in this gesture. He had been ill,
was still tired and unwell and was under no compulsion. but
he feit a duty to contribute what he could to the common
effort • at the same time he wanted, or rather needed, work
which would not be whoUy directed to the immediate purposes
of war but would enable him also to think forward to the
restoration of Europe ; and he hoped not I believe in vain,
that among colleagues who had been drawn principally from
academic life he would find undcrstanding of his own mind s
patient and imaginative ways.
At that first meeting with him we were as much impresscd
bv the evident distinction of his personality as we were
attracted by the fastidious diffidence with which he offered
his Services.
We recommended his appointment as a Consultant to the
German and Jewish sectionsofF.R.P.S. ; he was to spend two
davs a wcek in Oxford, besides giving much of his time m
London to assembling material and considering the questions
we put before him. It was an arrangement which asworked
out in practice, might come to mean much or ittle. We
had not to wait long before we saw that Wilfrid's col aboration
was becoming a significant influence in the work of both
sections.
Even what may be called his fortuitous qualificatioris were
hiehlv unusual. Here was a British subject who had spent
almost the whole of his life in Germany and had for many
vears occupicd a privileged position within the economic and
social organism of Berlin ; a Jew, furthernaore, whose British
nationallty had enabled him to watch, withstand and (whcn-
evcr he could) alleviate the monstrous persecution ot German
Jewry from 1933 until July, 1939.
37 ■
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■..!\' *:
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• ' 1
There cannot have been many Britishers who had com-
parable tacüities for studying the origins and growth of Nazi
Oermany. More remarkable, however, than bis knowledee
was bis detacbment. He bad no axe to grind, either for any
Oernian party or for any Jewisb movement. He was singu-
larly free from tbe distortions of emigre political tbouglit.
He observed facts dispassionately, built tentative conclusions
lipon tbem, tested tbese in discussion, never allowed bis
tbougbt to reacb a füll stop.
Tbis faculty of detacbment was linked witb an Ironie
f"™?"r ^^hicb must be cmpbasised in any recoilection of
Wilfnd s Personality. Christopher Isherwood, in the briUiant
Portrait of VVilfnd he has drawn in Gooiibye to Berlin, may be
tbougbt mdeed to have over-emphasised it. But it was pro-
foundly important. It protected bim against bis own extreme
sensitivity it avenged tbe frustrated artist in bim, and it
suHused bis most melancboly mood with gaiety and wit
1 suspcct tbat nobody was spared its scrutiny— certainlv not
iiimseh. He served many causes, and was serious in all bis
undertakings, but from all of them he remained sufficiently
aloot to find himself amusing.
Wilfrid^s Visits to Oxford came to be important events
tor me. Tbe greater part of bis time was spent on German
matters, but every weck be would come to my room for a
long talk on current Jewish affairs or on his latest memoran-
dum. To tbese discussions I owed much Information, many
shrewd and fruitful suggestions, and tbe opportunity to
submit my own opinions to a wise and reflective critic.
There were other and less purposeful talks, over meals or
in tbe College garden, where be could sometimes be persuaded
^ speak of his life in Germany, his travcls or his youtb.
Through tbe modest and ironic anecdotcs we discerned the
Singular purity of bis motives and bis unshakeable integrity
Imperceptibly we became greedier for tbe companionship
• •!• j charming, humorous, sympathetic, unaffectedly
civihsed European. And wbcn be was killed our first tbougbt
and our lasting grief were less for the irreplaceable colleague
than for tbe dear friend wbom we should never see again.
38
HEINZ yVISLA:
LET ME THANK YOU, WILFRID ISRAEL
May \-]th, 1944.
Dear, late friend,
I am writing tbese lines to you, Wilfrid Israel, although
you do not live any longer in tbis world.
To-day, one year has passed since I said good-bye to you
in Lisbon. Your departure in tbe same plane tbat should
have brought Leslie Howard to London was some hours later.
And in tbe late evening of tbe foUowing day, tbe newsboys
cried it out in tbe streets of Lisbon : " Plane Lisbon-London
with movic Star Leslie Howard on board shot down over
the Gulf of Biscay."
Your name was not mcntioned, but we learned soon tbat
you, Wilfrid Israel, bad been torn from all your fnends who
loved you.
I had been one of your youngest friends and one of the last
you made.' And you made many fnends in your lUe !
I remember well bow I learned to know and likc you
Never has a person influenced me so mucb in such a Short
time, only by being there and being simply himselt.
One day in Spring, I943> "«w^ «pread in refugee circles
in Barcelona, Madrid, Lisbon and other places m neutral
Spain and Portugal, where Jews bad found shelter from
immediate Nazi terror, tbat a man had arnved from London,
sent by the Jewish Agency, who had to examine the possi-
bilities for an aliyah of some hundreds of us, and for many
of US his name was not new. I for one knew tbat it was a
certain Wilfrid Israel who succeeded in bringing many people
out of Germany during the last years before the outbreak
of war, and tbis only through his own initiative and broad-
minded helpfulness.
I wcnt to scc you, thcrefore. In the ball of your botel in
Lisbon I waited for you and then, between two Conferences,
we talked togciher. From the first moment, I telt the strong
and winning personality, the grcatness of a natural, open
cbaracter, and an idealism wbich radiated from your youthful
and fresh appearance.
39
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'•"'•'■ •»* ".»^» ■'^'»^ys»' .niii>r«w<<Hn j»i>i.^<»>'W'yr
We spoke together about the project of the aliyah. You
fnH "J f^f/^^"' '^^ ■"5^"g^e's "Pinion with regard to Palestine,
and I told you vvhat I knew : that most ofus had not thought
Ol going to Palestine until now, simply because there vvere
no means ot transport ; we had finally reached the Atlanuc
Coast and vvere ooking only towards a lielp from England
vnn"??.^"''^- } 'f' 2'?" ^fterwards, strongly impresscd by
over a a^n '"^^''^''^'"g ^«'•^^- ^ thought them over and
And you began with your work. By night and day you
Tt'if. V ^'n ^^"'""-^ important personalities, government
authonties, Commutee directors, addressing meetings, talkinf^
to young and cid people who did not know whether or noi
to go to Palestine now.
You fought a hard struggle against the apathy and in-
difference that reigned in the minds of those persecuted
individuals who thought they had reached a peaceful haven
in this neutral country. How you succeeded in awakening
them from their ethargy, in making them understand, believe
and remember their home country, I don't know. But you
succeeded ! '
Every time you visited us in our little fishing villaee where
some ,50 " iUegals » were living in " residente forcfe' "nelr
the At antic Coast, you walked with me and other bovs
along the beach. We talked about lifo, about our world in
the war, we asked you sccptic questions about Palestine,
where we had decided to go. And you gave us your answers
your advice, your help. ...
I remember how you spoke to a friend of minc, vvho had
ost his parents through the Nazi terror and had afterwards
lived a yagabond life, wandering and escaping from one
country in Europe to another. He was very young but his
character had already suffered härm : he had lost the eround
under his feet and looked towards the world as a nihilist
and fatahst. His eyes, howcver, longed for peace, for a harne.
Ihis boy came to you for help, and you, Wilfrid, wcnt with
him down to the cliffs where the huge waves of the Atlantic
broke into white foam.
Arm in arm, you both rcturned after a long convcrsation.
And trom that day on, this boy knew in which way to find a
hörne, peace, and a life füll of action. To-day he is working
hard in one of the wonderful Settlements in the Emek- Valley
— and he is happy. '
• f «•«««^»-V>V***«*«V-«^0«<r^.-% -V« .M>»*MM*«-.- . •^•••*«r«*.*, ....
After you had spent a day in our little seaside town, you
raced to'^the next^place where Jewish refugees were l.ymg^
Everywhere you impressed the young as well as the older
ones talking individually to eyerybody, and when you left
them they enthusiastically waved after your departing car.
They wrote you heaps of letters— thanking, asking qu^stioni.
Back in Lisbon, you answered every letter dunng the late
hours of the night.
Your Inspiration and active eflbrts were not in ^am. We
formed groups to discuss Zionist questions, to learn Iwrith
anTsome of us borrowed tools from Portuguese farmers and
dug around hachscharah-like in a garden. . . •
Then you went to Spain to do the same work there.
Towards the end of April, i943> a" ^as ready. Again you
returned to Lisbon, not to have a rcst, but to settle now the
"uestSn of transport for our aliyah. We were expec^d to
leave on a Portuguese steamer, sailing around South Alrica
toMozambique, where other jneansof transport shodd be
used to bring us via the Red Sea and Egypt to I akstine.
The time of your departure came, you had to go back to
London in order to report about your activities for the cause.
With my friend, I went again to Lisbon to say farewell W
you. To thank you for havmg opened our eyes. We ^at
logether in your room, talking about our future in Palestme^
In this hour, we feit again the deep and strong fnendship you
could give to othcrs. We promised you to become worthy men
of ouf country, to try and understand our people and to
?ove them, and to be always proud of being Jews, of our
Ercz Israel.
Your eyes shone warmly and with a quiet firmness upon us
Oh why could not all people on this earth be as good, as
natural, as wise as you are, Wilfrid Israel ? ......
A telephone call interrupted our conversation : British
Overseas Airways" informcd you that you had to take a
St Tn an aeroplane which would Start at dawn next
morning. ... «j . u w^Vnt :^
You accompanied us to the street and you sa.d \V hat J
pity that I have to leave already to-night^; I «"f ,^^ tSy
a lot morc work here, still. . • • V\cu, Doys, i i j
sorry that we cannot go on chatting any longer. 1 ve got o
^ack my things and write some letters. To-morrow 111 be m
London and wc'U hear from each other, won t we . Boys,
41
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I wish you all the best in the world, good luck and an earnest
and happy life in our Erez Israel. Hope to see you over there
next year. Well— Shalom, and go with God ! ''
We shook hands and parted. My friend and I were
deeply moved.
Twenty.four hours later, the news of your terrible death
Struck US like a holt from the blue. For me it was like having
lost a brother. I found my friend down at the cliffs, on the
beach, crying helplessly like a child. All people who knew
you shared the deep, immense sorrow that was in our hearts.
VVillrid Israel, you have been lost in action, that is what
they would say nowadays. But we, your wards to whom you
gave your help, we can and we will never Ibrget you. Your
friendship, your human feeling, your personality was too
strong for losing you from our memory. No, Wilfrid Israel,
we shall always hold what you gave us, your friends.
Half a year after the disaster that cost your life and Leslie
Howard's, your interrupted work was to be crowned with
success.
On January 22nd, 1944, we climbed on board the Portu-
guese boat J^ysson. When the steamer left the Lisbon port,
we sang the " Hatikwah," and I rcmembercd you, Wilfrid.
With 750 Olim from Spain and Portugal on board, the
Mysson entered the Mediterranean Sea. We saw Gibraltar,
Malta, Sicily, Crete, and the shores of Africa passing ; the'
voyage went on without any incident.
And one morning we arrived at the Coast of Erez Israel.
I saw the sun rising from behind Mount Carmel, and besides
the great Thought " Home " that reigned in my mind
I remembered YOU, Wilfrid.
My dear, late friend ! I want to teil you that I am happy
to be here. I have found a home, peace, friends, my people.
I've got a Job, and I really Hke the new Hfe here, even if it
is a bit difficult at the beginning.
Wilfrid Israel, let me thank you from all my heart for all
you did. Let me thank you for all the others, to whom you
gave moral assistance, your friendship, new hope.
We shall never, never forget you....
Shalom, Wilfrid Israel.
H. W.
WERNER BEHR:
TWO DECADES
pAKTICULAR irnpor^ncc ««f ° » ^yrin'^hiS
A ^u^ Df-nirmient Store establisnea oy i"» ^^ . ^
L 7815, and wShhad since remained in the possessxon of
the family.
I„ ,5,3 Wnrrid was panl, «Ueved =f .he -PO-^
sons his advice, ana raieiy v%a busmess of
as in this case -en bc^^ween fa h r and sonj^m^^^^ ^^^^^^^^
such magnitude. ^^^°'^^°''f^'/''f "u_ „ther. So much were
^t^:;i;X'^^^^^^^^' -"^ ""' ^"''
were not necessary.
It was en^bodicd In the -^^^^f ^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
that the management should tak^^ P^"°"i ^arly as 1895
b, Wilfrid .0 an ■"•=™'P« "">;„ '™ , J^^ dSover special
„o rare Cent for h,m »' '^"' "'r',^';"j i„ ,he U.er'n own
^S^^t^'i^ -: ift"; »ere of no direc.
value to the firm.
i
•«MOP^-AlUMi^ta^
■/-:-??1»^X;;:frr«Baf^w.-3?y:rfi(N»--- -.
[•!#^.-A
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It was due to the initiative of Wiltrid that a special com-
mercial training school was inaugurated. It was the only
one in Germany officially recognised by the authorities.
Many of the young people who have to-day, dispersed
throughout the world, found a new home and new occupa-
tion, are indebted for this to the comprehensive and far-
sighted training impartcd to them in this school, which gave
them, over and above the pure routine training, a genuine
commercial basis.
Among the two thousand people employed in the firm
there was not one whom Wilfrid did not know personally,
and each one was aware that the way lay open to hirn directly
wM^-i^^ business suggestions and for personal requcsts.
VVilfnd was peculiarly giftcd in reading the minds of his
employees, and was able to transform those whose sphere
of work was very limited into valuahle and interested
collaborators.
At the exhibitions whi^h took place regularly Wilfrid not
only gave his advice to the department organising the display
but also, by his practical collaboration, imparted an artistic
touch of their own to these exhibitions.
Those who were privileged to takc part in the pcriodical
discussions of the chiefs of departments, rcceived imprcssions
of a significance exceeding that of their everyday work. Here
they had an opportunity to observe how Wilfrid dealt with
Problems, not from a limited point of view, but always in
such manner as to take into consideration the furthcr conse-
quences and possibihties.
.In 1933, Wilfrid realised at once that no further possi-
bihties were open to Jews in Germany. It would have been
an easy- matter to secure personal advantages for the family
by a speedy liquidation of the firm. This, however, would
not have been in the interests of the Jews, and in particular
of the Jewish business world. Therefbre, any such idea was
renounced. The continuancc of the firm of N. Israel thus
enabled many others to abandon in comparative quict the
positions which had become untenable for them.
For the Jewish employees of the firm an cmigration depart-
ment was organised, which operated methodicallv and
succcssfully, thanks to Wilfrid's extensive international
44
relations. In 1939 the firm of N. Israel closcd its doors, after
having existed tbr nearly 125 years.
It was astonishing what an extensive variety of labours
Wilfrid could accomplish in the course ot the day. He
possessed indeed a special faculty for utilising his time to the
utmost. Whcther it was a question of a meeting ol the
" HilFsvercin" or the ''Rcichsvertretung," whether it was a
display or exhibition or an interesting art auction, an applicant
or a youth congress, he always found time, and ways and
means, to attend, devoting himself to the particular matter
as intensively as if he was concerned with no other problem.
After his jonrney round the world in 1923 Wilfrid enjoyed
no further real holiday. He was content to go for walks m
the neicrhbourhood of his father's country estate, and now
and again to make a trip for a couple of days to the moun-
tains, which he lo% cd so much and which meant so much to
him.
Above all eise he loved his home. In the topmost floor
he had created for himself this home, radiating inhmte
peace and rest. Books, flowers, and collections surrounded
him From his mother he had inherited the happy gitt ol
brincring out the beauty of a flov/er by means of arrangement
and background. When he worked at his desk, coyered with
photographs of family and fricnds, it did him good to let his
dance rest on these pictures, among them one of his niother
and of the sister he had loved so much. and who had died
so young, an old picture of his great-grandfather Dr. Adler,
a Chief Rabbi of England, and a photograph dedicated to
him personallv by Frithj of Nansen. Nansen had recognised
a capable coUaborator in young Wilfrid and had entrusted
him with important tasks.
The excess of responsible work during later years seldoin
allowed him an opportunity of finding time for his own artistic
creative work, sculpture and sketching. He had hoped to
find rest and Icisure for this in Palestine one day, when he at
last achicved the wish of his heart, to make Erez Israel his
home.
Wilfrid was very serious in this intention, as the provisions
of his will testify. He had hoped that his last place of rest
would be in Palestine.
45
H
I
^y^ljfc^H.-cv..ta^>.v.MV>ete;.WnM>t»#r^ -
IUlUM<Jy|KllMte|WaUJh»MMtM
^■-■'--^ -»n i^i""*'
^*. -^ j -^■^■.~«t«i'*i iturntj»'!'^
m
n'
All that remains now is that another of his wishes should
attain to fulfilment, namely, that a home should be established
for the collection of his sculptures in Palestine, near Hasorea.
It was not an outcome of the mood of the moment that
Wilfrid in his will included a bequest to promote regulär
interchange of teachers between East and West. It was the
guiding aim of his life to contribute to drawing people
together, and he still, transcending death, seeks achievement
of this idea.
MAX WARBURG :
HE NEVER QUIT
W^ILFRID ISRAEL has passed away ; his friends, who
expected yet so much of him, can hardly believe it.
Wilfrid Israel was happiest when he was able to help
anonymously. He was, like his father, Berthold Israel, a
member of the Board of the Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden.
Untiringly active and anxious to aid those who wcre forced
to leave Germany, he feit persoaally the hard fate of evcry-
body who emigrated.
His strong sense of duty to assist those who needed him as
long as this was possible detained him so long in Germany tili
the fate of those for whom he cared became his own fate.
His employees were as close to him as were his family.
His unwavering companion was his conscience, which never
gave him a rest. He combined in him gentleness and
courageous action for his wards. It was always takcn for
granted that he was ready for any task no matter how un-
grateful ; his answer was always : Here I am. He never
quit when the task of the moment was to hclp.
Noble in appearance, noble in mind, ready to help and to
be compassionate, always eagcr to remain in the background,
thus his picturc remains with us.
He went too early, bat he worked long enough to remain
unforgettable.
46
RABBI DIESE NDRUCK :
D^^nn ninv3 nnn-i V^si ^r^
On the imtiative of the Polish Jewish f f/^^^ ' i .f 7t?v"
a memorial service for Wilfrid Israel washeld on ^^^^^^^^^
%43, in the synagogue Ohel Jacob which was attended by
almost all the Polish Jews living in Lisbon,
In this synagogue, filled to overßowing, the Mincha Sermce
JsßrH IM Then Rabbi Diesendruck pronounced the El
Mole Rachamim C^tD^n N^D ^X and the KaddisK u^huh^
those present heard Standing, movedto tears, Then the Rabbi
delivered the Haskara, After a bnef biographical sketch
proceededy deeply moved :
IN this tragic accident likewise the truth ^^hich was so
l"" beautifulfy expressed by a J^-f J^^^^ ^^^^^^^^
exemplified : ^ Until you no longer J^ ^', ^J^,^^^^
what you had." Many among you ^^^,^^J^f;>Jf
man among men, a noble cnaracici, a ^i^
is lost to US.
fAlas for those "who are lost and cannot be forgotten.)
n our Rabbinical literature we read : '' Somet.mes one
„,av succeed in gaining for oncself Olam haba in a smgle
ruVwhile othen must labour all their l'ves^^^/^lf;, 1^!
Tewbh lavvs in order to share in the next, the better world
One need not always spend weeks, months, years with
\Z in Order to recoRP-ise their value. Very often a short
Sd öf contaa suffici to bring home their worth.From
Pu ^rv fir<!t dav of our acquaintancc, alter the first detailed
'^^ "In as fo the neans and the objects of his work, the
;!rTse Sf his m ssion whlch brought him to Lisbon, we were
Snced that" e had bcfor. us a Jewish figure of outstand.ng
Personality. And we ask ourselves :
(Is this the treasurc, is this the reward ?)
47
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Our sages, however, have taught us :
(Nothing shall befall him who is entrustpH wifV, . • •
.n^<ta=p cm„.,o„: Whom ,hc Gods love\hTf ie f™^ "J'
A Din in our book of laws <iav« • «* rr ^ l i
fron, the con.„.unity, J^ir^ewJ'Z^ "^ ^^^
The Law does not specify who and what th^ "r. ^ f^^"^"
Hov« grieved musl «e Ihen bc knomni; „ho and wh„
b.e„ „ruck .hb fearful bIo„ b"';, "„ "«„"X" '*" '""
we had p,™„aüfc wh^-ScrisS h in7; "roTd^r'"
J.™ „hich is .0 PC«,, inTÄkuTa'dalThShSS:"' " a
time when the greatest enemv of the Tews fha7 /l!^' 1^
daAnlif/^T'J'"''""' 'u "'.^ y°""S '"^"' ^ real light in the
r.r^"ffi f • 2ionism, shrinks from no hardships obst-^rle,
an^On^erictbbrten-'-^'.:"' *^'"^""' ''P-^^ ^'^^ ^^em
Vr..,;K AI- u ■ ,V '^"'"S ''^e™ enthusiasticallv about the
DerisheH in th^ "»^^^ oi j e\v isn Youth which has not yet
pensned in the Ghettos and occupied countries coiilH h^
transplanted to Palestine. ^"»iniricb could be
4S
He visited the prisons, Ericcira, Caldas, Spain, bringing
joy, hope and confidence, to the downcast, who have endured
more than words can teil.
The way in which he approached the people, listened to
their stories, the account of their sufterings, the warmth of
bis sympathy with what the refugees had to endure in their
Wanderings, was so touching and convincing that the un-
fortunates saw in him their saviour, they feit that this was
the man who would help them to become once again in-
dustrious members of society, usefui to humanity and Jewry.
This warmth could only have flowed from a heart which had
grasped the tragedy of Jewry in all its depth and magnitude
and placed the whole of bis thoughts and feelings at the
Service of the sacred cause. And this heart we found in
Wilfrid Israel. His life and work justify the profound
utterance of our teachers that ** Great men after their death
need no grave stones or monuments, the works which they
created during their life and left to us are their noblest
monument."
Wilfrid Israel did, it is true, leave behind a work un-
fortunately uncompleted, but what he began is great enough
to ensure that his memory will live, unforgettable, in the
minds of all who knew him and in particular among Zionists.
It is now our duty to continue the work he began, in his
honour and for the glory of the Jewish cause.
(n'2^''in) D^^nn nn^3 ninv ^t'p: ^nn
(Let his soul be bound up in the bond of eternal life.)
MY VERY DARLING MOTHER
3 Riverside Drive,
London, N.W.ii.
Decernber 5, 1942.
My very darling Mothcr,
I must just trust to fate hoping that after all, these my most
loving wishes may reach you in time to welcome you affection-
ately on the thrcshold of your ncw year l
I can hardly conceivc that anothcr page is being turned —
in all our lives, you as usual being the most festive symbol.
This year again I feel almost as if I would be celebrating
49
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something especially prccious and significant ! It is simply
the realisation that we have all been guided in a very great
measure by a true power of wisdom — certainly a higher
power — so that you above all could rcap these years of
relative peace and harmony.
It is truly such a joyous feeling of real compensation
looking back on the trying times of the past to realise that
you could cast anchor in a climate, in surroundings which
once again make life seem to you sometimcs possibly even a
blessed thing, something to treasure !
The blessings seemed to be drifting away — but you, your
approach to life regained something akin to an earthly
Paradise. That with God's blessing — is your great and
beautiful achievcment at this stage of your life. To achieve,
to know what contentment of mind and spirit is, may be
somewhat like catching glimpses of the promised land ! I am
füll of gratitude that this is so.
How it all burdened me in the past ! I questioned niysclf
as to what I should have done differently. If I should have
acted more rapidly. I wondered if perhaps I had let some
of my own intcrcsts and spheres of responsibility dominate,
and if I had not thus neglected my family. Sometimes I
thought I would not have the strength to carry through my
plans. I fcared I might collapse prematurely. Then again
I feared for many a month that I would have to face being
carried av/ay to a dismal fate which I would not survive
without having fulfilled my duty to you all — and now v/ith
great gratitude and relief I know it was not in vain, that long
rather ghastly fight and conflict.
You have given me ample proof of this, darling Mother,
and every letter you write in this splendid spirit of yours makes
me happy. I know that I owe much to Herbert's wise
counsel and initiative during those years of co-operation
under so much stress ; it was indecd a great thing !
Now you will realise how much your birthday means to
me, what I would wish to convey to you and how much
happincss the day conveys to me this year again ! So I would
indced wish to embrace you with very great affcction, Mother
darling, may God bless you in this New Year l
Ever,
Wil.
* •
3
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likc the svvinging Joint portraycd in Bob Fosse's film Caharci).
Her string of admircrs was endlcss and multinational. With Chris-
topher she established a sisterly relationship in which there was no
hint of sex. She knew about his boys, whom he sometimes
brought to the flat (with his landlady s implicit connivance), and
listcned to the ups and downs of his relationship with Otto, On at
least one occasion, Jean and Christopher shared a bed without any
embanassment. Howcver, not infrcqucntly they had rows with
each other. They were both strong but sensitive personalities, only
too awarc of each otlier's wcnknesses. Jean would sometimes aim
mercilessly at his Achilles' heel: his writing. T/zc Memorial was
still in the process of construction, and she was quite crucl in her
criticism of it, though probably not dclibcrately so, as she was a
kind, warm person. Christopher was furious onee when she in-
formcd him ofFliandedly that pcrhaps some day he would writc
something "really great, like Noel Coward." She has reappearcd
on many occasions during Christopher*s life, both as herseif and
as her ficrional alter ego, Sally Bowles, whose tale and spin-offs
have helped to keep Isherwood financially secure for much of his
life.
Uncle Henryks allowance was not enough to keep Christopher
in comfort in Bcriin, espccially aflcr Britain wcnt od the gold
Standard and the pound feil against the mark. Stephen Spender
has romanticised Christopher's poverty thcn, with stories of drend-
ful meals of horseflesh and lung soup, though in faet Christopher
always had enough to afford toffces, endless cups of coffec or
beers in eafes, frequent evenings out on the town ("last night was .
posirively the last time Vm sctting foot in there . . ."), and for
boys who demanded cash gifts or presents in kind. Both Stephen
Spender and Edward Upward advanced money to Christopher at
this period, but neithcr seems to have protested as to how it was
spent. However, the main Supplement to Christopher's incomc
came from his teaching English to private pupils. From them hc
learnt a good deal about the State of Germany, and he was able to
experiment with a few fancy theories of his own about learning a
language, some of which his pupils rcgardcd with smihng indul-
gence.
Among his new acquaintances was Gisa Soloweitschik, a
rr
l
Europe and Beyond ug
wealthy young Jcwish giri who had becn a friend of Stephcn's a
long time before on a skiing trip in Switzcrland. Of Lithuanian or-
igin, .she studicd the history of art, and had cultured, generous par-
ents who gave Stephen and Christopher a Standing invitation to
lunch on Sundays at their home in Wilmersdorf. Tliey called
Christopher "Shakespeare" and Stephen "Byron." Gisa and Chris-
topher had many arguments, Christopher still being in a stubbornly
anti-intellectual mood. With her, as with other people of whoni
he did not completely approve, he could be cold and sometimes
scithin^y farctutf- Str/nen ^cc^tzd Cbihtcvbzz'^ c^n i--
pifCTi
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ttit atnruces t^i::
\dci\s, and found his rebers stand a usefui bolster for his own
confidence. Christopher talked to Gisa about Otto, without ever
cxplicitly mentioning their sexual relationship. Sometimes his trib-
iilations would bring tears of compassion to her eyes. She, in tum,
spoke at length about the gathering storm-clouds for Germany's
Jcws. Happily, she left the country in the autumn of 1931, long
before the holocaust, and marricd a Frenehman.
Another Jewish friend of Christoplier's was Wilfrid Israel, who
worked for his family's large departmcnt störe, l^ive years CJhris-
topher's senior, Wilfrid was a British subject, born of an English
mother and a German father. An elegant, disringuishcd young
man, looking younger than his thirty ycars, he did not take the
casy way to safcty by seeking refugc in England, but staycd on in
Gcrmany right up until 1939. Ile cscapcd dcportation to a concen-
tration camp, but was killed in an aeroplane shot down by Nazi
fighters on a flight from Lisbon to London. He was the basis for
the character Bernard Landauer in Goodhye to Berlin, but it is
not necessarily a faithful portrait. In vievv of Wilfrid's heroic ac-
tivities in Germany on behalf of fellow Jews during Hitler's first
ycars of power, Isherwood later found his depicrion of Landauer's
(and by implication Wilfrid's) character offensive, and feit guilty
about it.
If Wilfrid Israel has gone down in history as one of the little
hcroes of this period, then Gerald Hamilton (Mr. Norris) will cer-
tainly be recorded as one of the great rogues. A man of una-
shamed villainy, he had an unbounded charm which has made
him one of the most effective con men of this Century. Chris-
topher met Hamilton in the winter of 1930-31 when the latter
'i
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128
Isherwood
his current discontent was caused by the fact that Otto had an-
nounced that he had met a vcry nicc girl, which would mean that
his relationship vvith Christopher would have to stop, though of
coursc thcy would bc fricnds for lifo, and could cvcn live togcther
as a threesome. Christopher rcsigned himself to the inevitable, but
in fact the relationship dragged on for scveral more weeks.
A possible new opportunity for Christopher secmed to ofFer it-
self when Francis Turville-Pctre arrivcd back in Germany. Wlien
Christopher heard that he would be Coming, he had wild dreams
of journeying with Francis to the Fast, but his friend had already
dccided to live quietly in the countrysidc. Francis suggested that
Christopher join him, and he accepted. Tlieir destination was to
be Mohrin (MorjYi), now in Poland but tlien part of Germany, in
a flat, bleak area near the sea. Francis engaged Erwin Hansen---a
friend of Kari Geise's— as cook and housckceper. Hansen, a big,
muscular man with short-cropped blond hair, worked as an odd-
job man at the Hirschfeld Institute, and had prcviously becn an
army gym instructor. A committed communist, he was also an ac-
tive homosexual. When asked to find someone to help him^ with
the heavier work, he produccd a boy namcd Heinz, thcn in his
mid-tecns.
Heinz was a vcry un-Teutonic-looking boy, mth tight curly hair,
protruding lips, a broken nose and largc brown eyes. In ccrtain
lights he could look almost African, and hc was highly amuscd
when Christopher dubbed him the "Nigger Boy." Francis did not
take to Heinz at all, but Christopher was quickly won over by his
simple charm, and started an affair with him. Heinz proved to be
a conscientious worker around the house, and was very fond of
outdoor tasks such as gardening. Francis and Envin Hansen found
themselves rather bored by the experiment in living in the prov-
inces, and returned to Beriin for weckends.
Christopher himself was in Beriin when Edward Upward passed
through in April, on his way home from the Soviet Union, which
had surpassed his wildest expectarions. It would be some time be-
fore he and other Brirish communists and fellow-travellers would
be disillusioned by Stalin.
In the Summer Christopher returned to Sellin on Ruegen Is-
land, this time with Heinz. Both Stephen Spender and his brother
yr
Eiirope and Beyond 12g
Humphrey were there, and the group got on fairiy well, although
thcrc was again dissension bctween Christopher and Stephen.
Wilfrid Israel also came to Sellin, and outlined a plan of action
for the Jews vvlicn Hitler canic to power. Israel bclievcd thcy
should go out into tlie streets, as a protest, and refuse to go
home, even if they were fircd upon. He reasoned that only by such
unified sacrificial action would the conscience of the world be
arouscd. Nobody nced bc rcminded of vvhat did happcn.
Christopher was working on the first draft of his Beriin novel,
as he explained in a letter to Edward Upward:
I am well started with my novel, but there's many a wcary fitt
[sie] before it's ready even for your condemnation. E. M.
Forster is said to like The Memorial and to be writing
an arricie boosting it.
I think I have finished utteriy with [Otto]. He betrayed me
with a tout from S. America who promises to take him to
Paris. I have found a Substitute with suspicious ease. He is
with me herc. I suppose I ought to be undergoing some very
high-class pangs. Tlie truth is I'm borcd to tears with this
whole homosex business. I want my tea.
At the bcginning of August Christopher went to Londmi,
where he spent the first few days with Jean Ross, She had ap-
pcarcd in a small part in Max Rcinliardt\s sumptuous production
of OlTenbach's Les Contes dlloffmann the prcvious wintcr, but
had realised that her future was not so bright in Germanv. Soon
she moved into Olive Mangeot^s house in Chelsea, then married
Claud Cockburn.
Christopher met John Lehmann for the first rimc on this visit.
They did not immediately warm to each other, and Christopher
was rather suspicious of Lehmann with his handsome looks, for-
mality and quizzing eyes. Although they apprcciated each other, it
was some rime before they bccame inrimate friends. Through John,
Christopher came to know his sisters, the novclist Rosamond, the
actress Beatrix, and to a much Icsser extent Helen. Beatrix Leh-
mann went to Beriin later that year, and became very dose to
Christopher, as a sort of honorary sister who did not try to impose
her will upon him,
Much of Chris tüpher and John 's conversation, when not on the
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dent and as representing the culture of thejews. Christo-
pher himself worshipped culture, but his was a very ex-
clusive rehgion, to be shared only with fellow artists. No
one, he said, should dare to praise a work of art unless
he himself is a practicing artist. Christopher therefore
condemned the vast majority of culture worshippers as
being ignorant, presumptuous, and probably insincere —
whether they were Jews or non-Jews was irrelevant.
Christopher outgrew this prejudice as he continued to
publish books and began to acquire enthusiastic readers.
It is not in human nature to condemn your own worship-
pers, even when they aren't fellow artists.
In Goodhye to Berlin, Natalia Landauer has a cousin, Bern-
hard Landauer. Bernhard helps to run the department
Store which is owned by Natalia's father. The original of
Bernhard Landauer was Wilfrid Israel. Wilfrid Israel and
Gisa Soloweitschik weren't related to each other. Their
families had no business connections. Wilfrid did, how-
ever, help to run a department störe founded by his own
family. It was one of the biggest in Berlin.
Wilfrid was tall, pale, dark-eyed, soft-spoken, precise
in his Speech, a smiler who seldom laughed. He looked
young for his age. When Christopher met him in 1931 j
he was thirty-two years old.
As Bernhard in the novel, his profile is described as
"over-civilized, finely drawn, beaky":
He smiled and his face was masked with exhaustion:
the thought crossed my mind that he was perhaps suf-
fering from a fatal disease.
Again and again, Bernhard is presented as being tired,
apathetic. He is evidently quite able to meet the obliga-
tions of his important executive job, but he regards it
with weary irony. He even confesses to "Isherwood"
that the störe itself seems unreal to him at times, perhaps
66
pa t of an hallucination from which he is sufFering. This
may not be meant literally, but Bernhard certainly is
expressing a sense of the meaninglessness of his business
life and of himself as a businessman. And he goes much
further. When "Isherwood" asks him if he thinks there
will be a Nazi Putsch or a Communist revolution, he
answers that the question seems to him "a little trivial.'*
He produces a letter from a fanatical anti-Semite, threat-
ening him with death, and remarks that he gets three or
four such letters a week. "Isherwood" exclaims: "Surely
you'll teil the police?" Bernhard smiles another of his
tired smiles:
My existence is not of such vital importance to myself
or to others that the forces of the Law should be called
upon to Protect me . . .
a reply which suggests apathy rather than courage.
I am quite sure that these aspects of Bernhard 's charac-
ter weren't invented, that they were founded on Christo-
pher's Observation of Wilfrid in real life. But a very
different Wilfrid appears in World iiithin W^orld. Stephen
teils how, when the two of them were Walking together
on Ruegen Island, during a summer holiday in 1932,
Wilfrid surprised him
by outlining a plan of action for thejews when Hitler
seized Germany — an event which he seemed to antici-
pate as certain. Thejews, he said, should close their
businesses and go out into the streets, remaining there,
as a Protest, and refusing to go home even if the Storm
Troopers fired on them. It was only such a united
action, within a hopeless Situation, which would arouse
the conscience of the world.
This was no mere theoretical talk. Less than a year
later, when Hitler came to power, Wilfrid began to show
himself capable of great courage and firmness of purpose.
67
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Wilfrid's mother had been English and he himself had
been born in England. He was a British subject and could
therefore leave Germany and settle in England whenever
he chose to do so. Instead, he chose to remain in Berlin
for seven more years. As it became increasingly clear that
no concerted action could be taken against the Nazis by
the Jews or by any other group, Wilfrid concentrated on
more limited objectives, including the defense of the
depanment störe itself, for as long as that might be possi-
ble.
The Store, like all other Jewish Stores, was boycotted
from time to time. Wilfrid himself was threatened, ar-
rested, cross-examined, and (I have heard) temporarily
imprisoned. Nevertheless, though repeatedly ordered to
do so, he refused to dismiss his Jewish employees. He
even refused to placate the authorities by making the
token gesture of flying the swastika flag over the störe
building. Meanwhile, he worked to arrange the emigra-
tion of as many Jews as possible to foreign countries. A
Jew could often be released from a concentration camp
on condition that he emigrated immediately. But some-
one eise would have to find the money for this because
his own property would have been confiscated already.
At length, in 1939, the firm of Israel was taken over by
non-Jews; it was the last of its kind to change hands.
Wilfrid thus lost most of his power to help others. Just
before the outbreak of war, his friends persuaded him to
leave for England.
I can understand why Wilfrid chose to discuss his Prob-
lems as a Jew with Stephen rather than with Christopher.
Stephen's parentage was partly Jewish as v/ell as Anglo-
German; Wilfrid may well have feit more akin to him.
But Stephen must have told Christopher about their con-
versation. And Christopher, before the time came to
write about Wilfrid, must have heard at least something
of his defiance of the Nazis.
Then why is this aspect of Wilfrid left out of the Por-
trait of Bernhard? Even though the novel had to end in
1933 with "Isherwood" 's departure from Berlin, there
could have been a final scene with Bernhard in which his
future attitude to the Nazis is foreshown; in which, per-
haps, "Isherwood" realizes that he has misunderstood
and underestimated Bernhard from the beginning, and
feels guilty. Instead, "Isherwood" *s final scene with
Bernhard — it is set in the spring of 1932 — ends on a note
of escapism. Bernhard has been talking about China,
saying that in Peking he feit at home for the first time in
his life. **Isherwood" suggests that he go back there. The
Suggestion sounds slightly contemptuous; it seems to
equate Peking with the culture worship which "Isher-
wood" despises. For Bernhard is a culture devotee like
Natalia, though an infinitely more sophisticated one.
Bernhard replies calmly yes, he will go to Peking, but on
condition that "Isherwood" comes with him as his guest
and that they start that very evening. '*Isherwood" makes
excuses. He takes Bernhard 's offer as a joke, anyway. It
is only much later, after Bernhard is dead, that "Isher-
wood" becomes convinced that the offer was serious,
after all. "I recognize it as Bernhardts last, most daring,
and most cynical experiment upon us both." In other
words, Bernhard has played an inverted form of Russian
roulette, in which five of the chances are death and only
the sixth chance an escape from death into a faraway land
— a land where he can believe in his own existence.
Christopher was accustomed to say that he never wrote
about people he didn't like — because, when he disliked
someone, he simply didn't find him interesting. This was
a show-off remark, typical of Christopher in his arrogant
mood. Christopher did find Wilfrid intensely interesting,
despite the fact that there was a great deal of hostility
between them. Nevertheless, his hostility may well have
prevented him from seeing and describing Wilfrid as a
hero.
68
69
He is sympathetic, charming. But his gestures, offering
me a glass of wine or a cigarette, are clothed in arro-
gance, the arrogant humility of the Hast.
"Isherwood" Stresses the ^'Oriental" aspect of Bern-
hard. In this case, the epithet seems to refer to the Chi-
nese. But Christopher had a prejudice, at that period in
his life, against another Oriental race, the Hindus. He
found something repellent — that is to say, personally dis-
turbing — in Hindu humility and passivity and the arro-
gance he feit that it concealed. As a matter of principle,
he sided with the Hindus against the British raj and
agreed that they had every right to treat their Enghsh
conquerors with arrogance. Still, he identified instinc-
tively with the English. And so he found deeply disturb-
ing the picture of himself confronted by one of these
humble-arrogant figures, a Hindu, or a Wilfrid — some-
one who **knew" about life and whose knowledge might
be superior to his. "He is not going to teil me what he
is really thinking or feeling, and he despises me because
I do not know." This prejudice of Christopher's, I now
realize, sprang from fear— fear of the unknown some-
thing which the Hindus knew, the something which he
might one day have to accept and which might change his
life. As a kind of mock-Hindu, Wilfrid aroused that prej-
udice.
Earlier in their relationship, there has been a brief,
inconclusive Showdown between "Isherwood" and Bern-
hard. "Ishcrwood" accuses him of showing hostility by
adopting this mock-humble attitude. "Actually, you're
the least humble person I ever met." Bernhard replies
with "Oriental" obliqueness:
I wonder if you are right ... I think not altogether.
But partly . . . Yes, there is some quality in you which
attracts me and which I very much envy, and yet this
very quality also arouses my antagonism.
70
Bernhard sums himself up by adding: "Tm afraid that I
am a quite unnecessarily complicated piece of mecha-
nism." Which may be taken to imply that he thinks "Ish-
erwood" quite unnecessarily crude.
There is an enigmatic remark in a letter written by
Christopher to Stephen Spender in November 1932. Af-
ter telling Stephen that he has seen Wilfrid lately but only
once. Christopher adds: "He is kind. But he condemns
me in his heart." What did Christopher think Wilfrid
condemned him for? I believe Christopher suspected that
Wilfrid was a severely rcpressed homosexual and that, as
such, he condemned Christopher for his aggressive
frankness about his own sex life. If Christopher did in-
deed suspect this, it would have been characteristic of
him to be extra frank with Wilfrid, in order to jolt him
into frankness about himself.
In the novel, it seems to be implied that what Bernhard
is hiding is a romantic attachment to "Isherwood." The
shared trip to China which Bernhard proposes is made to
sound like an elopement. Whether Wilfrid was or wasn't
homosexual is neither here nor there. Of one thing I am
certain, he wasn't in love with Christopher. I therefore
find the hint contained in the novel offensive, vague as
it is, and I am embarrassed to know that Wilfrid read it.
The Story of Bernhard Landauer ends with the news of
Bernhard's death. "Isherwood" overhears two men talk-
ing about it at a restaurant in Prague, in the spring of
1933, i^st after he himself has left Germany for good.
One of them has read in a newspaper that Bernhard has
died of heart failure and both take it for granted that he
has really been killed by the Nazis.
The killing of Bernhard was merely a dramatic neces-
sity. In a novel such as this one, which ends with the
outbreak of political persecution, one death at least is a
must. No other major character in Gooähye to Berlin has
been killed, and Bernhard is the most appropriate victim,
71
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being a prominent Jew. The timing of his death, so early
in the persecution, is unconvincing, however — unless he
was murdered by mistake. The Nazis would surely have
waited long cnough to prepare some false charges against
him. The hquidation of such an important figure in the
business world would have caused a lot of bad Publicity
abroad. Wilfrid himself survived for years, despite his
defiance. The Nazis did kill him in the end — but that, one
can almost say, was by accident.
Having settled in England, Wilfrid devoted himself to
helping his fellow refugees. After the French defeat,
many of them were temporarily interned. When Wilfrid
visited the internment camps he used to say, "This is
where I ought to be, too." But, as a British subject, he
was free. He enlisted in the Civil Defence.
By 1943, there were many Je ws who had escaped from
Germany and Austria and found their way to Spain and
Portugal. In March ofthat year, Wilfrid flew to Portugal
to arrange for some of the younger refugees to emigrate
to Palestine. Within two months, hc had done this. On
June I , he boarded a plane to fly back to London. Among
his fellow passengers was the famous actor Leslie How-
ard.
Over the Bay of Biscay, three hundred miles off Cape
Finisterre, their plane met eight Nazi fighters. It is almost
certain that the fighters came upon them by chance, while
returning from an unsuccessful attempt to locate two of
their own U-boats. Unarmed airliners flying between
Lisbon and London were very seldom attacked, though
they often carried important people. But, on this occa-
sion, the Nazis had some reason to suspect that Churchill
himself might be on board; they knew that he would be
flying back from a Conference in Algiers at about that
time. There were no survivors.
Christopher first met Gerald Hamilton in the winter of
1930-31. At that period, Gerald's social position was
72
solidly respectable; he was the sales representative of the
London Times for Germany and had his office in Berlin.
In Mr. Morris atid I, one of Gerald's several autobio-
graphical books, he describes how he obtained this job:
This serves to show with what ease anybody can today
obtain a responsible position, no matter what his past
life might have been. I was able to provide the usual
references; I did not have to teil a Single lie, and I
found myself suddenly launched into this most respect-
able and responsible post. The ease with which I ob-
tained it is only another illustration of the vast scale of
hypocrisy upon which the Standards of our civilization
really depend.
Good old, bad old Gerald! One can't help admiring his
tactics. He asks The Times for a job. The Times gives him
one and is promptly denounced for its hypocrisy. How
dare it pretend to have Standards of right and wrong if
it hires people like Gerald, who outrage those Standards.*^
How dare it pretend ignorance of, for example, these
two facts.^
That, during the First World War, Gerald had been
imprisoned and later interned in England because of his
"openly expressed pro-German and anti-British senti-
ments" and "enemy association." (This had inspired
Horatio Bottomley to write an article entitled "Hang
Hamilton!")
And that, during 1924 and 1925, Gerald had spent
several months in various French and Italian prisons,
charged with swindling a Milanese jeweler out of a pearl
necklace.
But now Gerald betrays himself into admitting that he
has a double Standard. While condemning The Times for
employing a notorious traitor and thief, he maintains that
he was really neither the one nor the other. Gerald
wasn't a traitor, because he wasn't British — well, techni-
cally, perhaps, but not in his heart, which was Irish
73
■i
»
i
!
•
IC social justice comniission ol thc C ÖTaminlWcna^
Amcncan Rabbis! ivr 33u,nda.amcmber.,f.hcrct.ional
^atlonal Labor Rclaiioiis Board (1934-35) and of „ihcr
publ.cbod.es. Israel ^^u^prc^idulU,(•lhcSynagogucCol.,K,l
of America (19401. and had been chosen bui noi yel insialied
as cxecutne direcior of ihe Union ol' A.iierican Hebre«
Congregai.üns at the li.iie ofh.s deaih. He vsascontribuline
ediior to The World Tomom^^. (1929-33) and T/ie Recon-
siauiiom.u(l939-4\). His books includcd The XW^scwe ol
Israel Broathasts ( 1939) " ,c„ i
ICD.J
ISRAEL, KINGDOM OK, the noftherly of thc iwo
kingdoms inio which Solomon\ kingdom was divided aficr
thc rcvoh Icd by Jeroboam againsi Rchoboam (c 9^8
B.C.i:.). Ii ,s also caiied ihe Norlhcrn Kingdom, thc
Kingdom of Samaria, and, in e.xira-biblical documents the
. House of Omri. aficr the founder of one of its moii
important dynastics. The Kingdom of Israel was conslitu^
ed by all the tribes, exccpi Judah and Benjamin. Its capital
was Shechem at firsl and then Samaria (c. 876 b.c.e.). It had
iwo main sanctuaries, one at Shechem, thc other at Dan
Although much morc important ihan Judah, Israel did not
enjoy the same stability. During thc 206 years of its
existencc, it had ten dynasties, the most important of which
were ihose of Jeroboam. Omri. and Jehu. Israel was almost
constantly m a State of uar ujih Damascus. In 722 the
Assyrians took Samaria, deported its inhabitants, and put
an end to the Kingdom of Israel. The Northern Kingdom is
conslamly criiicized in the Book of Kings because of the
sms of Jeroboam and the idolatry of Ahab. The prophets
Hhjah, Elisha, Hosea, and Arnos exercised their ministrics
in thc Kingdom of Israel.
For tuller dctails see *Hisiory : Monarchy. [ed ]
In the Aggadah. The rabbis, despiie their bclief in the eternal
intcgrily of the Davjdic monarchy and iheir prayers for its
restoration, ^^ere not markedl> ho.tile to ihe ancieni Kingdom of
Israel that was formed by the seces.ion of len tribes from Davidic
rule after the death of Solomon. .Any Jeu. regardless of his tribe of
origm, was regarded as cligiblc for the kingship {Midrash Twwa'im
p. 104; Hör. !3a). israelite kings are evalualed by the aRgadah as
individuals, their political role in the maintenance of a dual
monarchy bemg viriually ignored: the only negative point made
with somc consistency is that the Israelite monarchy was a
temporary phenomenon and, for e.xamplc. did not anoint its kings
as the Davidides did (Hör. IIb). In all this. the rabbis faithfullv
reflcct the attitude of I Kings 11:29-39, uhich teils of Ahijah's
prophetic promise to Jeroboam ihai the laiter would rule over
Israel as David had ruied over Judah, "but not for all days " A
significant exception to this rabbinic posture may be the view of
R. Akiva that the len tribes have no share in the world to come
(losef., Sanh. 13:12: cf. Sanh. 10:3). which may derive from a
harsh attitude toward the secessionists : other interpretations of this
teaching are, however, quite possible.
In their discussion of the founding of the Israelite monarchy and
the concomitant shriveling of Davidic hegemony, the rabbis focus
on the v.ces and merits of David. Solomon, and Jeroboam, rather
than on the broader issues developed in the Bible. Rav declares
that David's improper-behavior touard Mephibosheth and his
'"^Tt ? c'?'' '"''■^" ^'-'" ^''' ^^ ^'«^^ ^^' '^' ^eeession"
(Shab. 56a). Seder Otam Rahhah (eh. 15) stalcs that a sccession of
36 years was ordained to punish Solomon for his 36-year-long
marriage to the daughter of Pharaoh. but thai the dual monarchy
was extcnded due to thc unworthiness of Asa, king of Judah
Jeroboam is described as a disciple of the prophet Ahijah and a
great scholar uho meriied kingship bv virtue of thc rebukes he
dehvered to Solomon over the various excesses connected with the
latters Egyptian marriage. Indeed. so great was Jeroboam's
Potential that God ofTered him special rank in paradise if he would
abandon his idolatry. Subsequent to his enthronement, however
Jeroboam built iwo golden calves and directed the people to
worship ihcm (I Kings 12:28). becomins for the rabbis (Avol 5- 18)
the archetypal sinner who leads others into sin : Jeroboam is one of
üihcr kings Ol- .l,e Israclile moÄ^-'^dS^
wilh rcgard lo ilieir individuul aclteu«u^/^ßäj! iTTi •
s.ngled ou, by R, Johanan for ha^ ..^,^,^ .hfli!^. ^^^^h ■. '
uddUion of ihc cly of Samaria. which scrved Chcrcafter i '
(Sanh. l()2b). His son. Ahab, is dcnicd ,he Hfe of h t n''
come. , he rabbis describe both Ahab's wickedness and V
Je/cbel s responsibiliiy in Icading her wcaker husband lo s,n
Claim he evenlually repenled of his sins. The military succe"'" '
th,s evil king are crcdited to the virtue of his people, which :Z '"
to mform upon the prophet Elijah when he dwelt in thcr p i''
Just as the rabbis altributc the rise of ihe Northern Kincdom , ü'
sp.ruual tlaws of thc Davidic dynasty, so do they discuss i ',', ^
terms of spiritual failings: when the Assyrians removcd ihc .■ '
calves during the reign ofJHosea, that king encouraged his n'..;:
to renew the pilgrimages to Jerusalem, but to no avai ,', '
Assynan viclory brought about the extinction of the northcm , . '
(Seder Ohm Rahhah. eh. 22). " ''"^
Rabbinic leachings on the hislory of the Kingdom of Kr id
doijbtless compounded of historical insight foundcd on their "
phtlosophy of history, and exhortation and analysis rclkw •
contemporary issues and realities. ''
See also »Jeroboam : in ihe aggadah. IG J H ■
Bibliography: In t.ie Agga.m.,: Ginsberg, Legends, 4 ,|V4- '
i/v-vi,i^/-66; Alon, Mehkarim, I (1957), 30.
ISRAEL, VVILFRID (1899-1943). Jewish communal t^nr
He was a member of a German merchant family prom.nc-
in Berlin from the mid-l8th Century. The family cnsaocd r
commerce, and was active in Jewish alfairs \nid r
pioneenng in employees' welfare. Their dry goods bus.nc..
which bccame one ofBerlin^s langest department Stores . s
founded by NathanJsrael (1782-1852) in 1815 and u ..
m.n"!w'fr^''''^^"'^ ""''^ ^'''^^" anti-Jewish regulai.on. :•
1939. V\ ilfnd Israel syas active in the all-encompassino ic. .
ish Zentralausschuss fuer Hilfe und Aufbau, establishcJ ', :.
Iowing Hiiler's ri.se to power as well as in the *HiNvcrc
der Deutschen Juden. After his emigration to Endand "
1939 Israel bccame a board member of the ^Mcuiv'
Colonization Association (ICA) and helped in 1941 crc.ic
the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Brilain Ik
was deeply interested in Palestine, especially in thc Ikn
Shemen Youth Village and kibbutz *Ha-ZoreX eslablhha:
by German Jewish youth, and he made plans to emis2r.i:.
ihere. In 1943 he volunteered for a mission to Spain\,rK!
Portugal to rescue European refugees under Jewish AizciK-.
auspiccs. He died when the plane in which he was rciuniir.i:
to England was shot down by the Luftwallc. His ,t.':
collcction was bequeathed to kibbutz Ha-Zorc'a, whcrc ii h
displayed in the Wilfrid Israel Housc for Oriental An an.:
Studies.
Bibliography: Reissner, in: YLBI, 3 (1958); idem, IVi/Jredhnu,
July llth, 1899-June Ist. 1943 (1944). j| ;,
ISRAEL, VOM TOV BEN ELIJAH (Sirizli; d is;.h
rabbi and posek: bom in Jerusalem. His father uas &x
rabbi of thcCairo communily, and when he died in 1866. K'
Vom Tov Israel tbok his place; before that he had hold r
high ofticial Position, as related bv Jacob *Saphir m h.^
dcscnption of Egypt in 1858. In 1884 R. Vom Ton Nr.cl
returned to Jerusalem and served in the rabbinale uniil V.>
death. He was the author of Minhagei Mizrayim (Jcruv:-
lern, 1873), on Jewish religious customs in Egypt. in tlu
mtroduction to which he lists all the rabbis who had ^c^^c^:
in Egypt from the days of *Maimonides up lo his oun iimc
Some of his novellae on halakhah were published in ihc
collcction Torah mi-Ziyyon. He led the Jerusalem rahh>
who in 1888 permitted plowing and sowine in [hc s/iemHu':
year (the Sabbatical Year); his decision on this issuc u.^
published in Devar ha-S/wniUtah Uerusükm, 1888).
Ti
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76
Wilfrid B. Israel
I
Arbeit gewidmet und wolle es in Arbeit beschließen. Das aber könne sie
nicht mehr in einem anderen Lande tun.
Im Herbst 1942 bat sie einen Gestapobeamten, von der Evakuierung eines
ihrer alten Pfleglinge Abstand zu nehmen. Ihre Bitte wurde abgeschlagen
und ihr selbst mit Vcrsdiickung gedroht. Daraufhin nahm sie, gemeinsam
mit ihrer Sdnvester Rosa Grunwald und ihrer früheren Mitarbeiterin und
Freundin Grete Hartstein, Gift und wählte den Freitod.
Clara Israel war ihren Mitarbeitern der nie versagende, immer verständnis-
volle Berater, der für jede Schwierigkeit eine Lösung wußte und den Für-
sorgern immer wieder Kraft, Sicherheit, Mut und neuen Aufschwung zur
Arbeit gab. Sie selbst zeigte sich auch in schwierigen Situationen unerschrok-
ken und gelassen.
Wilfrid B. Israel
77
WILFRID B. ISRAEL
In dem Er/ählungsband „Goodbye to Berlin" von Christopher Isherwood
erscheint die Figur eines Bernhard Landauer, Sohn eines deutsch-jüdischen
Vaters und einer englisch-jüdisdien Mutter und Erbe und Mitarbeiter eines
führenden Berliner Warenhauses. Er lebt allein in einer abgesdiicdenen
Junggesellenwohnung im Tiergartenviertel, die voll von ostasiatisdien
Figuren ist. Seine Erholung findet er in der Familienvilla am Wannsee.
Einsamkeit und unerfüllte Sehnsucht nadi Bindung geben seiner Pcrsön-
lidikeit das Gepräge. Im Epilog der Kurzgesdiiditc sdireibt der Autor, daß
Bernhard Landauer, für den Wilfrid Israel Modell gestanden hat, im Jahre
1933 in einem Konzentrationslager ums Leben kam. Der Erzählungsband,
der im Jahre 1938 veröffentlicht wurde, war Wilfrid Israel bekannt. Heute,
da wir wissen, wie sich sein Sdiidcsal erfüllt hat, ist es schwer, der Frage
zu entgehen, ob der Schluß der Erzählung lediglidi ein technischer Kunst-
griff des Autors war oder ob hier eine jener unerklärlidien Intuitionen
vorliegt, die den Segen oder Fluch des Dichters bilden können.
In der Reihe der Persönlichkeiten, die der deutschen Judenheit in ihren
sdiwcrstcn Jaliren gedient Iiabcn, nimmt Wilfrid Israel eine besondere
Stellung ein. Er war nicht einer bestimmten Organisation, ja nicht einmal
einer bestimmten jüdisdien „Weltansdiauung" verhaftet. Distanz, die sidi
in seiner Haltung zum Mitmenschen zeigte, kennzeidinete auch seine Be-
ziehung zum jüdischen Leben. Aber gerade diese Distanz gab ihm eine
Weite des Blid<s und einen Sinn für die Unterscheidung zwischen Widiti-
gem und Unwichtigem. Jüdische Arbeit war für ihn eine der Ausdrudes-
formen seiner humanen Grundeinstellung, die auch in den Jahren nach
1918 seine Flüditlingsarbeit unter Fridjof Nansen und seine Förderung
kriegsgegnerischer Bestrebungen bestimmt hatte. Unter diesem Aspekt be-
saß das Aufbauwerk in Palästina frühzeitig eine Anziehungskraft für ihn.
Sie fand ihren Niederschlag in der führenden Arbeit für das Kinderdorf
Ben Sdiemen und für die Liga für das arbeitende Palästina.
Zu einer der zentralen Figuren der deutschen Judenheit wurde er im Jahre
1933. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor hatte sich ein Kreis von führenden jüngeren
Niditzionisten und Zionisten gebildet, der die Möglichkeiten einer einheit-
lichen Zusammenfassung aller deutschen Juden im Falle eines Sieges der
nationalsozialistischen Bewegung vorzubereiten suchte. Außer Wilfrid Is-
rael gehörten zu diesem Kreis Ludwig Tietz, Friedrich Brodnitz, Arthur
Lilienthal, Georg Lubinski und Friedrich Ollendorff. Auf die Vorarbeiten
dieses Kreises geht zu einem erhcblidicn Teil die SchafTung des Zentralaus-
sdiusses für Hilfe und Aufbau im April 1933 zurück. Die Aufgabe dieser
Organisation bestand in der Planung von Maßnahmen, die durdi die natio-
nalso/ialistisdie Maditergreifung notwendig wurden, insbesondere der
beruflidien Vorbereitung für die Auswanderung und in der Beschaffung
und Verwaltung der hierzu erforderlichen Mittel. Gleidizeitig bildete der
Zentralausschuß die personelle und organisatorische Grundlage für die
einige Monate später gegründete Reichsvertretung. Im Laufe der späteren
Jahre, insbesondere nach der Auswanderung von Max Warburg im Jahre
1937, widmete Wilfrid Israel sidi vor allem dem Hilfsvercin der Juden in
Deutsdiland, der für die Organisation und Finanzierung der Auswande-
rung (mit Ausnahme der vom Palästina-Amt betreuten Auswanderung nach
Palästina) zuständig war.
Die Arbeit jener Zeit brachte ihn audi mit vielen Mitgliedern der jüdisdien
Jugendbewegung in Verbindung. Ganz besonders bewährte er sich gegen-
über denjenigen unter ihnen, die im November 1933 durch den plötzlichen
Tod von Ludwig Tietz den menschlichen Rückhalt verloren, den sie an
dieser starken Führerpersönlidikeit gefunden hatten. Ein Vergleich zwi-
schen den beiden liegt nahe. Beide entstammten der Obersdiidit der Ber-
liner Judenheit, gehörten der gleidien Generation an und waren ohne
eigene Familie. Aber hier endet schon die Parallele. Während Ludwig Tietz
mit einer Leidenschaft, die mitunter an Aggressivität grenzen konnte, für
und gegen Personen und Auffassungen Stellung nahm, war Zurückhaltung
das Hauptmerkmal von Wilfrid Israel. Während Ludwig Tietz einen ur-
wüchsigen Humor an den Tag legen konnte, der durch seine jüdische Her-
kunft und sein Berlinertum gleichermaßen geprägt war, haftete Wilfrid
r Co
1
1
\
78
Wilfrid B, Israel
WiJfrid B. Israel
79
-
Israel nichts Berlinisdics an, obwohl seine Familie seit weit längerer Zeit in
Berlin ansässig war. Ludwig Tietz konnte lachen, Wilfrid nur lächeln. Damals
schien es manchen, daß der enghsdie Kamin in seiner Wohnung in der Bend-
lerstraße das stärkere Gewidit seines englischen Muttererbes betonen sollte.
Erst in London sollten wir lernen, daß er auch hier, bei aller Liebe zum
Lande und dessen Spradie, nidit vorbehaldos verwurzelt war.
Parallel zu seiner Tätigkeit im Interesse der deutsdi-jüdischen Gesamtheit
ging die Arbeit in seinem Familienunternehmen, dem von seinem Urgroß-
vater im Jahre 1815 gegründeten Berliner Kaufhaus N. Israel. 1921, als er
22 Jahre alt war, trat er in die Firma ein, und nach dem Tode seines Vaters,
Berthold Israel, im Jahre 1935 war er gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder Her-
bert Inhaber des Unternehmens. Zu seinen persönlichen Verdiensten gehört
CS, daß die Wohlfahrt der Mitarbeiter mit modernen Mitteln der prakti-
sdien Sozialarbeit gefördert wurde; ein mcnsdilidies Verhältnis zu den
Mitarbeitern, die zu ihm Vertrauen hatten, war sein besonderes Anliegen.
Dies sollte sidi vor allem von 1933 an bewähren. Auch unter Drohung der
VerJKiftung weigerten sidi die Inliabcr im Jahre 1933, ihre jüdischen An-
gestellten zu entlassen. Als im November 1938 die Massenverhaftungen
einsetzten, riditcte Wilfrid Israel ein besonderes Büro ein, das die zur Ent-
lassung aus dem Konzentrationslager erforderlidien Auswanderungsmög-
lichkeiten zu sdiaffen suchte. Als das letzte führende Unternehmen ging
die Firma im Jahre 1939 in nicht jüdisdien Besitz über.
Israel selbst siedelte nach London über. Die Tatsache, daß er in dieser
Stadt zur Welt gekommen war, hatte ihn zum „British subject by birth"
gemacht. Urenkel des viktorianisdien Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler,
war er mit den führenden englisch-jüdischen Familien verwandtschaftlich
und freundschaftlich verbunden. Er war dadurch der gegebene Verbin-
dungsmann zwisdien ihnen und den einströmenden jüdisdien Flüdulingen
aus Deutsdiland. Sofort stellte er sldi den bestehenden Hilfskomitees, die
damals im Bloomsbury House in London stationiert waren, zur Verfügung.
Seine Stellung als Liaison Ofilcer bewährte sich besonders, als nach dem
Fall Frankreichs die Flüditlinge aus Deutsdiland und östcrreidi als „Enemy
Aliens" eine Zeitlang interniert wurden. „Eigentlich gehöre ich ja auch
hierher", pflegte er den „Häftlingen" bei seinen Besuchen in den Lagern
zu sagen.
Nach der Intcrnierungswelle schloß er sich dem kleinen Kreis von früher
führenden Persönlidikeiten aus Deutsdiland an, die die Initiative zur
SdiaiVung einer Sclbstverlrcliing der deutschen und österreidiisdien Juden
in England crgriilen. Als diese Pläne durdi Gründung der „Association
of Jewish Refugees" (AJR) im Jahre 1941 verwirklidit wurden, gehörte
er, wenn auch nicht de jure, so doch de facto zu den Mitgliedern der Exe-
kutive. Die Tatsache, daß sein Name mit der Organisation verbunden war,
trug entscheidend zur Überwindung unvermeidlicher Schwierigkeiten wäh-
rend der ersten Jahre nach der Gründung bei. Mit der Arbeit für seine
Schicksalsgenossen verband Israel eine aktive Beteiligung am Kriegseinsatz,
zunächst als Mitglied des „Civil Defence" und später - im Rahmen einer
von der Regierung eingesetzten Studiengruppe - als Sachkenner für jüdi-
sche und deutsche Fragen.
1943 erging an ihn der Ruf, sich der vom nationalsozialistischen Regime
verfolgten Juden auf dem Kontinent im Rahmen der damals gegebenen
Möglichkeiten anzunehmen. Es galt, jüdischen Flüchtlingen, die sich in die
neutralen Länder Spanien und Portugal gerettet hatten, insbesondere den
Jüngeren unter ihnen, die Weiterwanderung nadi Palästina zu crmöglidien.
Am 24. März 1943 flog Wilfrid Israel nadi Lissabon. Es gelang ihm, die
zahlreichen einwanderungs- und transporttedinlsdien Schwierigkeiten zu
überwinden mit dem Ergebnis, daß im Jahre 1944 ein SdiKTstransport von
Jugendlldien nadi Palästina abgehen konnte. Über die organisatorisdie
Leistung hinaus gab Wilfrid den Jugendlidien aber auch durdi seine
menschliche Teilnahme an ihrem Sdiidcsal Mut und Zuversicht.
Als er den Rüdeflug nach London antreten wollte, bot ihm das britische
Konsulat in Lissabon einen Platz in einem Flugzeug an, das etwas eher als
das ursprünghdi von ihm vorgesehene abflog (und in dem sich auch der be-
rühmte englisdie Sdiauspieler Leslie Howard befand). Dieses Flugzeug
wurde über dem Meer am I.Juni 1943 von den Nationalsozialisten abge-
schossen. Man nimmt an, daß der deutsdie Spionagedienst Winston Chur-
chill unter den Passagieren vermutet hatte.
Ein bleibendes Denkmal für Wilfrid Israel ist das „Beth Wilfrid" im
Kibbuz Ilasorea in Israel. Diesem Kibbuz, aus der deutsch-jüdisdien
Jugendbewegung „Die Werkleute" hervorgegangen, fühlte er sidi beson-
ders verbunden, und es war seine Absldit, sich nadi Kriegsende dort nieder-
zulassen. „Beth Wilfrid" enthält die Kunstsammlung, die Wilfrid Israel
dem Kibbuz testamentarisch hinterlassen hat; es ist heute ein Kulturzentrum
für das ganze Land. Aber zu diesem sichtbaren Zeichen der Erinnerung an
seinen Namen tritt das Gedenken der vielen, für die die Begegnung mit
Wilfrid Israel eine unvergeßliche Bereicherung des eigenen Lebens bedeutet.
Darüber hinaus hat er sidi durdi sein Leben und seinen Opfertod ein Denk-
mal in der Gesdiichle der deutsdien Judenheit gesetzt.
72.
Dociiments
from the Hauptarc
Düsseldorf,
Ziveigarchiv SdilOj\
Kalkiim
(Reg. Präs., Reg. l\
Düsseldorf, BI, 35
vols. i-jj.
73
72. N. Israel
Department Store, 1$}$.
7}. Wilfrid Israel
(1899-1943).
j/f.. Stammhaus N. Israel,
Berlin.
.»'• i ..
•■^>t^-ÄcX.5:>i;:;A;
Crßi^
iS}4:
72.
Documenls
from the Hduptarc
Düsseldorf,
Zzceigarciiv Sdilc'
liieg. Prls., Reg. 5
Düsseldorf, Bl, 35
rols. 2-5).
7}'
ji. N. Israel
Department Store, 1939.
73. Wilfrid Israel
(1899-1943).
J4. Stammhaus N. Israel,
Berlin.
Gegenwart im Rückblick: Festpabe fuer *e .luediscbe Gerne inde zu
Berlin 9'^ Jahr*. nar»v, -iv,«-« m v • Heidelberg, Stiehin,l970,
^^r-:"^^
LfiL
Allldll, lo^'« lli. f
"rlc. WitI, .1
12359. e. 30.
il'ljrji (|»s Ki/-
ttZ Stir/t.<rtt ninf
.\r. 7161
M'iru' U<>l.itiMl«i
orsi hniitjrn zur
Ac. 7345/5.
^••ifio Aicaii.i
Ifft. lü».
0.(1. i/oo.
K.) Entstell-
•«^ in /'nNtfi.
887. .1! VI,
» der Nojrt^rs
Jj\sH (Irii I {}
^. liüdiiiiT-
1650. a. 16.
8
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l>o|. i.i;.s (;.) M.u.
- .S' .'iVa! Ks riNUs Ol.) f lf<*v« hitio» « t I)( rlarntion «li». . .
|l. Valrhtin . . .roiiti'imiit l«MpluM ciiritiix niyNt««r»H •!«♦••
aiid clitea liy J. I.j [164^,.] 4". 1033. h. 25.
\'X%. 4«.
ISRAEL '.).Ks\vA
7510. 0.:,::
. ^ N.r ni:KTKnno.iv (T. T. M.) Die
rhiiur«;isilR' Kiaiikheitcn clor llarimri^ane, etr. [Thl. 4
r.litcil l.y J. Israel.] i6}0, c/r. J*'». 7640. i. 30.
ChirurRiBche Klinik der Nieren-
krankhoiten . . . Mit 15 lithographischen Tafeln und
8 Abbildungen im Text. pp. xi. 615. Berlin, 1901. 8°.
7620. dd. 2.
Fünf Fälle von diffuser Nephritis. In-
aii-ural-DiNSortation, etc, Berlin^ [1870.] 8°.
7385. c. (5.)
- On Actinomycosis in Man. . . Abstracted by T. W.
Ijinio. St'if London. — New Sydenham
Snririu, — CiiEYNE (vv. w.) Receut essays, etc,
Ao. 3838/48.
issi:. s
o
ISRAEL (Joiin) and LUNDT (N. ITknky) Journal of a
ornizc in tlio U. S. Ship Delaware 74, in tho Mcditor-
ranean, in tho yeara 1833 & 34, together \y\th a skutch
of a journey to Jerubaloin. JlfaAon, 1835. ^^^•
790. a. 23.
ISRAEL (Joseph den) See Joseph, hen Israel.
ISRAEL (Joseph Ben) pseud.
Str IUmsky, othorwiso Horsley (t.)
ISRAÜL (Lri»\\i<j)
hin'.:land und dvr Orirntalisciu' Drcilnnid. Kino Stn<lie
/iir «Miropaischon Aussenpolitik, 1887-1890. p|). 142.
Stuthjarf, i()37. 8'*. [Bei (rage zur Geschichte, der nach-
htshunr/clsrht'ii Zeit und des Weltkriegs. Ilft. 37.]
9386. h. 13/37
^•'liK« liiificn.**
Jhuulutj, Siiumlurj a/S, [printcd,] 1872. B®.
8228. co^U/i»
ISRAEL «S.) OjJkitT drr As»t\riation Internationale du Ct'Wjo,
l.m« l'«»i>(linn;^Kn-i^o noullich du« (.'ongo am Kwilu-
Ni.idi iiu Auflra^o Stauley*8. pp. 48.
liciliii, Di'6iiau [piintcJ], 1885. 8°.
10097. dd. 18. (4.)
ISRAEL (Si'KNcKK Lko.n')
.SV(' Mazek (Charli's) and Iskaicl (S. L.) Dia^^niosis and
Treatnient of Menstrual Disurdcrs and StiTÜity, etc.
[194 I.J 8»^. 7580. r. 30.
See Mazkk ((^harles) and IsiiAKii (S. L.) l)ia»^nnsiR and
Treatniont of Menstriial Disorder.s and Sterility, ete.
ti9';3l >^"' 7582. d. 8.
ISRAEL (TnEODORiCL's) Beap, Disflertatio, . .de Elleborism-
is vcterum. Pra?«. J. H. Schulzis.
üaloe Magdehurgicse,[i'ji'^,] 4^ 1179. f. 13. (24.)
- Besj), Dipsertatio ... de prastantia remcdiorum domes-
ticovum. Prses. F. HolTmanno.
Halse Magdehurgicse.li-jiS.] i^. 1185. f. 12. (9).
[Another copy.] T. 602. (4.)
ISRAEL (WiLFRiD) I
Wilfrid Israel, July llth, 1899—June Ist, 1943. [By
various authors. With ])Iatcs, including a portrait.]
(Trauslations by S. L. Salzedo.) pp. 50. Marsland
P^iblications : London, 19^^. 8^ 010709. k. 58.
ISRAEL BEN ELIEZER, callcd Ba'al Shem-Töbh.
•• See BuREH (M.)
J>io ChaRHidiKchen l^üohor. (l)io Legende* dcH Bual-
^eh^•Ill. -NaoJiihigü zur Lojjrondo des Baalöohoni.)
1)2 8. S".
)
012251. aaa. S.
CH
r
T)
60
T
-^
fS
Wilfrid B. Israel
I
Arbeit gewidmet und wolle es in Arbeit beschließen. Das aber könne sie
. nicht mehr in einem anderen Lande tun.
Im Herbst 1942 bat sie einen Gestapobeamten, von der Evakuierung eines
Ihrer alten Pfleglinge Abstand zu nehmen. Ihre Bitte wurde abgesdilagcn
und Ihr selbst mit Verschickung gedroht. Daraufhin nahm sie. gemeinsam
mit ihrer Sdiwcster Rosa Grunwald und ihrer früheren Mitarbeiterin und
Freundin Grete Hartstein, Gift und wählte den Freitod.
Clara Israel war ihren Mitarbeitern der nie versagende, immer verständnis-
volle Berater, der für jede Schwierigkeit eine Lösung wußte und den Für-
sorgern immer wieder Kraft. Sidierheit, Mut und neuen Aufschwung zur
Arbeit gab. Sic selbst zeigte sich auch in schwierigen Situationen unerschrok-
ken und gelassen.
T,OT-n^fT-r"AL, T^l.Pr.: ^wAT^TT^n-r^ ^'' "'TKROAMD. .STUT"'CART,Pd ed., 1966
WILFRID B. ISRAEL
In dem Erzählungsband „Goodbye to Berlin« von Christopher Isherwood
erscheint die Figur eines Bernhard Landauer, Sohn eines deutsch-jüdischen
Vaters und einer englisch-jüdischen Mutter und Erbe und Mitarbeiter eines
fuhrenden Berliner Warenhauses. Er lebt allein in einer abgeschiedenen
Junggesellenwohnung im Tiergartenviertel, die voll von ostasiatischen
Figuren ist. Seine Erholung findet er in der Familienvilla am Wannsee
Einsamkeit und unerfüllte Sehnsucht nach Bindung geben seiner Persön-
lichkeit das Gepräge. Im Epilog der Kurzgeschichte schreibt der Autor, daß
Bernhard Landauer, für den Wilfrid Israel Modell gestanden hat, im Jahre
1933 m einem Konzentrationslager ums Leben kam. Der Erzählungsband
der im Jahre 1 93 8 veröffentlicht wurde, war Wilfrid Israel bekannt. Heute*
da wir wissen, wie sich sein Schicksal erfüllt hat, ist es schwer, der Frage
zu entgehen, ob der Schluß der Erzählung lediglich ein technischer Kunst-
griff des Autors war oder ob hier eine jener unerklärlichen Intuitionen
vorhegt, die den Segen oder Fluch des Dichters bilden können.
In der Reihe der Persönlichkeiten, die der deutschen Judenheit in ihren
schwersten Jahren gedient haben, nimmt Wilfrid Israel eine besondere
Stellung ein. Er war nicht einer bestimmten Organisation, ja nicht einmal
einer bestimmten jüdischen „Weltanschauung" verhaftet. Distanz, die sich
m seiner Haltung zum Mitmenschen zeigte, kennzeichnete auch seine Be-
ziehung zum jüdischen Leben. Aber gerade diese Distanz gab ihm eine
Weite des Blicks und einen Sinn für die Unterscheidung zwischen Wichti-
gem und Unwichtigem. Jüdische Arbeit war für ihn eine der Ausdrudcs-
1
Wilfrid B. Israel
77
formen seiner humanen Grundeinstellung, die auch in den Jahren na<3>
1918 seine Flüchtlingsarbeit unter Fridjof Nansen und seine Förderung
kriegsgegnerisdier Bestrebungen bestimmt hatte. Unter diesem Aspekt be-
saß das Aufbauwerk in Palästina frühzeitig eine Anziehungskraft für ihn.
Sie fand ihren Niederschlag in der führenden Arbeit für das Kinderdorf
Ben Schemen und für die Liga für das arbeitende Palästina.
Zu einer der zentralen Figuren der deutschen Judenheit wurde er im Jahre
1933. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor hatte sich ein Kreis von führenden jüngeren
Nichtzionisten und Zionisten gebildet, der die Möglidikciten einer einheit-
lichen Zusammenfassung aller deutschen Juden im Falle eines Sieges der
nationalsozialistischen Bewegung vorzubereiten suchte. Außer Wilfrid Is-
rael gehörten zu diesem Kreis Ludwig Tietz, Friedrich Brodnitz, Arthur
Lilienthal, Georg Lubinski und Friedrich Ollendorff. Auf die Vorarbeiten
dieses Kreises geht zu einem erheblichen Teil die Schaffung des Zcntralaus-
schusses für Hilfe und Aufbau im April 1933 zurück. Die Aufgabe dieser
Organisation bestand in der Planung von Maßnahmen, die durdi die natio-
nalsozialistisdie Machtergreifung notwendig wurden, insbesondere der
beruflichen Vorbereitung für die Auswanderung und in der Beschaffung
und Verwaltung der hierzu erforderlichen Mittel. Gleichzeitig bildete der
Zentralausschuß die personelle und organisatorische Grundlage für die
einige Monate später gegründete Reichs Vertretung. Im Laufe der späteren
Jahre, insbesondere nach der Auswanderung von Max Warburg im Jahre
1937, widmete Wilfrid Israel sich vor allem dem Hilfsverein der Juden in
Deutschland, der für die Organisation und Finanzierung der Auswande-
rung (mit Ausnahme der vom Palästina-Amt betreuten Auswanderung nach
Palästina) zuständig war.
Die Arbeit jener Zeit brachte ihn auch mit vielen Mitgliedern der jüdischen
Jugendbewegung in Verbindung. Ganz besonders bewährte er sich gegen-
über denjenigen unter ihnen, die im November 1933 durch den plötzlichen
Tod von Ludwig Tietz den menschlichen Rüdchalt verloren, den sie an
dieser starken Führerpersönlidikeit gefunden hatten. Ein Vergleich zwi-
schen den beiden liegt nahe. Beide entstammten der Oberschicht der Ber-
liner Judenheit, gehörten der gleichen Generation an und waren ohne
eigene Familie. Aber hier endet schon die Parallele. Während Ludwig Tietz
mit einer Leidenschaft, die mitunter an Aggressivität grenzen konnte, für
und gegen Personen und Auffassungen Stellung nahm, war Zurüdchaltung
das Hauptmerkmal von Wilfrid Israel. Während Ludwig Tietz einen ur-
wüchsigen Humor an den Tag legen konnte, der durch seine jüdische Her-
kunft und sein Berlinertum gleichermaßen geprägt war, haftete Wilfrid
.gl
1
78
Wilfriä B. Israel
Israel nichts Berlinisches an, obwohl seine Familie seit weit längerer Zeit in
Berlin ansässig war. Ludwig Tietz konnte ladicn.Wilfrid nur lächeln. Damals
schien es manchen, daß der englische Kamin in seiner Wohnung in der Bend-
Icrstraße das stärkere Gewicht seines englischen Muttererbes betonen sollte.
Erst in London sollten wir lernen, daß er auch hier, bei aUer Liebe zum
Lande und dessen Sprache, nicht vorbehaltlos verwurzelt war.
ParaUel zu seiner Tätigkeit im Interesse der deutsdi-jüdischen Gesamtheit
gmg die Arbeit in seinem Familienunternehmen, dem von seinem Urgroß-
vater im Jahre 1815 gegründeten Berliner Kaufhaus N. Israel. 1921, als er
22 Jahre alt war, trat er in die Firma ein, und nach dem Tode seines Vaters,
Berthold Israel, im Jahre 1935 war er gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder Her-
bert Inhaber des Unternehmens. Zu seinen persönlichen Verdiensten gehört
es, daß die Wohlfahrt der Mitarbeiter mit modernen Mitteln der prakti-
schen Sozialarbeit gefördert wurde; ein menschliches Verhältnis zu den
Mitarbeitern, die zu ihm Vertrauen hatten, war sein besonderes Anliegen.
Dies sollte sich vor allem von 1933 an bewähren. Audi unter Drohung der
Verhaftung weigerten sidi die Inhaber im Jahre 1933, ihre jüdisdien An-
gestellten zu entlassen. Als im November 1938 die Massenverhaftungen
einsetzten, riditete Wilfrid Israel ein besonderes Büro ein, das die zur Ent-
lassung aus dem Konzentrationslager erforderlidien Auswanderungsmög-
lidikeiten zu sdiaffen sudite. Als das letzte führende Unternehmen ging
die Firma im Jahre 1939 in niditjüdisdien Besitz über.
Israel selbst siedelte nadi London über. Die Tatsadie, daß er in dieser
Stadt zur Welt gekommen war, hatte ihn zum „British subject by birth«
gemadit. Urenkel des viktorianisdien Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler,
war er mit den führenden englisdi-jüdisdien Familien verwandtsdiaftlidi
und freundsdiaftlidi verbunden. Er war dadurdi der gegebene Verbin-
dungsmann zwisdien ihnen und den einströmenden jüdisdien Flüditlingen
aus Deutsdiland. Sofort stellte er sidi den bestehenden Hilfskomitees, die
damals im Bloomsbury House in London stationiert waren, zur Verfügung,
Seine Stellung als Liaison Officer bewährte sidi besonders, als nadi dem
Fall Frankreidis die Flüditünge aus Deutsdiland und österreidi als „Enemy
Aliens" eine Zeitlang interniert wurden. „Eigentlidi gehöre idi ja audi
hierher", pflegte er den „Häftlingen" bei seinen Besudien in den Lagern
zu sagen.
Nadi der Intemierungswelle sdiloß er sidi dem kleinen Kreis von früher
führenden Persönlidikeiten aus Deutsdiland an, die die Initiative zur
Sdiaffung einer Selbstvertretung der deutsdien und österreidiisdien Juden
in England ergriffen. Als diese Pläne durdi Gründung der „Association
-^IM
WilfridB. Israel
79
of Jewish Refugees" (AJR) im Jahre 1941 verwirklicht wurden, gehörte '
er, wenn auch nicht de jure, so doch de facto zu den Mitgliedern der Exe-
kutive. Die Tatsache, daß sein Name mit der Organisation verbunden war,
trug entscheidend zur Überwindung unvermeidlicher Schwierigkeiten wäh-
rend der ersten Jahre nach der Gründung bei. Mit der Arbeit für seine
Schicksalsgenossen verband Israel eine aktive Beteiligung am Kriegseinsatz,
zunächst als Mitglied des „Civil Defence" und später - im Rahmen einer
von der Regierung eingesetzten Studiengruppe - als Sachkenner für jüdi-
sche und deutsche Fragen.
1943 erging an ihn der Ruf, sich der vom nationalsozialistisdicn Regime
verfolgten Juden auf dem Kontinent im Rahmen der damals gegebenen
Möglichkeiten anzunehmen. Es galt, jüdisdien Flüdhtlingen, die sidi in die
neutralen Länder Spanien und Portugal gerettet hatten, insbesondere den
Jüngeren unter ihnen, die Weiterwanderung nadi Palästina zu ermöglidicn.
Am 24. März 1943 flog Wilfrid Israel nadi Lissabon. Es gelang ihm, die
zahlreidicn einwandcrungs- und transporttcdinisdicn Schwierigkeiten zu
überwinden mit dem Ergebnis, daß im Jahre 1944 ein SdiilTstransport von
Jugendlichen nach Palästina abgehen konnte. Über die organisatorische
Leistung hinaus gab Wilfrid den Jugendlidien aber audi durdi seine
menschliche Teilnahme an ihrem Schicksal Mut und Zuversicht.
Als er den Rüdeflug nadi London antreten wollte, bot ihm das britische
Konsulat in Lissabon einen Platz in einem Flugzeug an, das etwas eher als
das ursprünglidi von ihm vorgesehene abflog (und in dem sidi auch der be-
rühmte englisdie Schauspieler Leslie Howard befand). Dieses Flugzeug
wurde über dem Meer am I.Juni 1943 von den Nationalsozialisten abge-
schossen. Man nimmt an, daß der deutsdie Spionagedienst Winston Chur-
chill unter den Passagieren vermutet hatte.
Ein bleibendes Denkmal für Wilfrid Israel ist das „Beth Wilfrid** im
Kibbuz Hasorea in Israel. Diesem Kibbuz, aus der deutsdi- jüdisdien
Jugendbewegung „Die Werkleute" hervorgegangen, fühlte er sidi beson-
ders verbunden, und es war seine Absicht, sich nach Kriegsende dort nieder-
zulassen. „Beth Wilfrid" enthält die Kunstsammlung, die Wilfrid Israel
dem Kibbuz testamentarisch hinterlassen hat; es ist heute ein Kulturzentrum
für das ganze Land. Aber zu diesem sichtbaren Zeichen der Erinnerung an
seinen Namen tritt das Gedenken der vielen, für die die Begegnung mit
Wilfrid Israel eine unvergeßlidie Bercidierung des eigenen Lebens bedeutet.
Darüber hinaus hat er sich durch sein Leben und seinen Opfertod ein Denk-
mal in der Geschichte der deutschen Judenheit gesetzt.
I)
m\ II II
-^r
♦^
A
lUlRGER
KTSTKIN
!
X
I
f
t
l
I
?
I
n
JOHN HAUSMANN
OTTO HIRSCH
CLARA ISRAEL
WILFRID B. ISRAEL
I '
■'
I
■
*:
I ;
lÜ
. '(
^ /
«
76 WilfriJ E. Israel
^cWjv. .iti ^...^* vsvi.c c> lii .viicit k»csd"ilicßen. Das aber könne sie
nicfit r»->chr in circirt nndc-on T.nndc rnn
Im Hcrb>t 1^4: hat sie einen Ucstapohcamtcn, von der L\aKuiciiui^ . ..^>
ihrer alten Pricnb'nire \ScfnnH rn neVimen. Ihre Bitte wnrdc nhcc .
ind Ihr >ei:)st n^, «'rrW-oht. Daraufhin nahm sie, gemeinsam
mit ihrer Schwester Rosa Grunwald und ihrer früheren Mitarbeiterin und
Freundin Grete Hartstein. Gift und \\ ähltc den Freitod.
s^x<ii<t A:>iaci v>ui .a^j cn ..a.c^i Mc^tci ü oci iilC V cr>agt:IiilC, UnmCJ NClMdiiuiiia-
volle Berater, der für jede Schwierigkeit eine Lösung w ußte und den Für-
sorgern immer wieder Kraft, Sicherheit, Mut und neuen Aufsdiwung zur
Arbeit gab. Sie selbst zeigte sich auch in schwierigen Situationen uncrschrok-
ken und gelassen.
WILFRID B. ISRAEL
^irlin" V
In dem Erzählungsband ..Goodbye to Blrlin" von Christopher Ishcrwood
erscheint die Figur eines Bernhard Landauer ^nhrs pmpc rlpufcrh-iiirhvrhpn
Vaters und einer englisch- jüdischen Mutter und Erbe und Mitarbeiter eines
führenden Berliner \Varcnhauses. Er lebt allein in einer abgeschiedenen
Junggesellenwohnuig im Tiergartenviertel, die voll von ostasintischen
Figuren ist. Seine ^.rholung findet er in der Familienvilla am Wannsee.
Einsamkeit und unerfüllte Sehnsucht nadi Bindung geben seiner Persön-
lichkeit das Gepräg . Im Epilog der Kurzgeschichte schreibt der Autor, daß
Bernhard Landauer, für den Wilfrid Israel Modell ge«^tanden hat, im Jahre
19?? in einem Konzentrationslager ums Leben kam. Der Erzählungsband,
der im Jahre 1938 \ erölTentlicht wurde, war \^^'!frid Israel bekannt. Heute,
da wir wissen, wie sich sein Schicksal erfüllt hat, ist es schwer, der Frage
zu entgehen, ob de:* Schluß der Erzählung lediglich em technischer Kunst-
griff des Autors \\ ar oder ob hier eine jener unerklärhchcn Intuitionen
vorhegt, die den Sei en oder Fluch des Dichters bilden können.
In der Reihe der Persönhchkeiten, die der rleut<:chen Tudenheit in ihren
scn\\ ersten Jahren gedient haöen, nimmt \N Utrid Israel eme besondere
Stellung ein. Er war nicht einer bestimmten Organisation, ja nicht einmal
einer bestimmten jüdischen „Weltanschauung" verhaftet. Distanz, die sich
in seiner Haltung zum Mitmenschen zeigte, kennzeichnete auch seine Be-
ziehung zum jüdischen Leben. Aber gerade diese Distanz gab ihm eine
7>t* ^
C- ..
• 1
▼TT. t. .:
gern und Unwichtigem. Jüdische Arbeit war für ihn eine der Ausdrudcs-
Wilfrid B. Israel
77
formen seiner humanen
undeinstellung, die auch in den Jahren nach
unter Fridjof Nansen und seine Förderung
.,;^^iaC1 ASCilLi JlJL.^II CUUÜ^Cj
^^
'chur ' ^Taft für ihn.
Sie lanü linen Niedersdilag iii ucr führenden Arbeit lur das Kmaeruori
Ben Scliemen und für die Liga für das arbeitende Palästina.
Zu einer der zentralen Figuren der deutschen Judenheit wurde er im Jahre
A/Jj. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor hatte sich ein Kreis von führenden jüngeren
Nichtzionisten und Zionisten gebildet, der die Möglichkeiten einer einheit-
lidien Zusammenfassung aller deutschen Juden im Falle eines Sieges der
nationalsozialistischen Bewegung vorzubereiten suchte. Außer Wilfrid Is-
rael gehörten zu diesem Kreis Ludwig Tietz, Friedrich Brodnitz, Arthur
LiHenthal, Georg Lubinski und Friedridi Ollendorff. Auf die Vorarbeiten
dieses Kreises geht zu einem erheblichen Teil die Schaffung des Zentralaus-
sdiusses für Hilfe und Aufbau im April 1933 zurüdv. Die Aufgabe dieser
Organisation bestand in der Planung von Maßnahmen, die durch die natio-
nalsozialistische Machtergreifung notwendig wurden, insbesondere der
beruflichen Vorbereitung für die Auswanderung und in der Beschaffung
und Verwaltung der hierzu erforderlichen Mittel. Gleichzeitig bildete der
Zentralausschuß die personelle und organisatorische Grundlage für die
einige Monate später gegründete Reichsvertretung. Im Laufe der späteren
Jahre, insbesondere nach der Auswanderung von Max Warburg im Jahre
1937, widmete Wilfrid Israel sich vor allem dem Hilfsverein der Juden in
Deutschland, der für die Organisation und Finanzierung der Auswande-
rung (mit Ausnahme der vom Palästina-Amt betreuten Auswanderung nach
Palästina) zuständig war.
Die Arbeit jener Zeit brachte ihn auch mit vielen Mitgliedern der jüdischen
Jugendbewegung in Verbindung. Ganz besonders bewährte er sich gegen-
über denjenigen unter ihnen, die im Novcn:!:cr 1933 durch den plötzlichen
Tod von Ludwig Tietz den menschlichen Rückhalt verloren, den sie an
dieser starken Führerpersönlichkeit gefunden hatten. Ein Vergleidi zwi-
schen den beiden hegt nahe. Beide entstammten der Obersdiicht der Ber-
liner Judenheil, ^cüuitcn uci ^Iciuien Generation an aiid waren ohne
eigene Familie. Aber hier endet schon die Parallele. Während Ludwig Tietz
mit einer Leidenschaft, die mitunter an Aggressivität grenzen konnte, für
und gegen Personen und Auffassungen Stellung nahm, war Zurückhaltung
das Hauptmerkmal von Wilfrid Israel. Während Ludwig Tietz einen ur-
^i'iirficirrpn TT^rnnr r»n r^m T^rr leeren Ironnfp. der durc^ seine jüdische Her-
kunft und sein Berlinertum gleichermaßen geprägt war, haftete Wilfrid
Lowenthal, Ernst r,. • Bewaehrung im Untergang. Stuttgart, 1965.
i
T
"8 WilfnJ B. hrad
Jfrael nichts BH;r.;:d:: , . l ^ uhl seine Familie seit weit längerer Zeit in
schien CS mandicn, daß der englische Kamin in seiner Wohnung in der Bend-
Icrstraße das stärkei c C^exvidit schies eiigiisdicn Muttererbes betonen sollte.
Erst in London sollten wir lernen, daß er auch hier, bei aller Liebe zum
Lande und dessen Sprache, nicht vorbehaltlos verwurzelt war.
Parallel 7n «meiner TiirifTK-r»'»^ i'- »-*. ^ . .
ging die Arbeit in s.-inem Familicntintcmehmen, dem von seinem Urgroß-
vater im Jahre 1815 gcgrünJcten Bcrimcr Kaufhaus N. Israel. 1921, als er
22 Jahre alt war. trat er in die Firma ein. und nach dem Tode seines Vaters,
Berthold Israel, im .,ahre \^}5 war er gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder Her-
bert Inhaber des Unternehmens. Zu «einen persönlichen \^erdienstcn gehört
CS. daß die Wohlfahrt der Mitarbeiter mit mudcrnen Mitteln der prakti-
schen Sozialarhcit gefördert wurde; ein mcnschlidies \'crhältnis zu den
Mitarbeitern, die zu ihm Vertrauen hatten. %x arVein besonderes Anhegen.
Dies sollte sich vor dlem von 1^33 an bewahren. Audi unter Drohung' der
Verhaftung weigerten sidi die Inhaber im Jahre 1)3 3, ihre jüdisdicn An-
gestellten zu entlassen. Als ,m Xovcmber 1938 die Massenverhaftungen
einsetzten, riditete Wilfrid Israel ein besonderes Büro ein, das die zur Ent-
lassung aus dem Konzentrationslager erforderhdien Auswandcrungsmög-
lidikeiten zu sdiaften suditc. Als das letzte führende Unternehmen ging
die Firma im Jahre 1<>39 in nidltjüdi.^chen Besitz über.
Israel selbst siedelte nadi London über. Die Tatsadie. daß er in dieser
Stadt zur Welt gekommen war. hatte ihn zum „British subject by birth"
gemadit. Urenkel des viktorianisdien Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler,
var er mit den führenden cnglisdi-jüdisdien Familien verwandtsdiaftlidi"
und freundsdiaflhdi verbunden. Er war dadurdi der gegebene Verbin-
dungsmann zwisdien ihnen und den einströmenden jüdisdien Ilüdidingcn
aus DeutsdilanJ. Sofort stellte er sidi den bestehenden Hilfskomitees, die
damals im Bloomsbury House in London stationiert waren, zur Verfügung.
Seine Stellung als Liaison Oiricer bewährte sidi besonders, als nadi dem
FaU Frankreidis die Flüditlinge aus Deutsd-J...: „..J G.......^, al. „Lu.,u>
Akens" eine Zeitlang interniert wurden. „Eigentlidi gehöre idi ja audi
hierher", pflegte er den ..Häftlingen" bei seinen Besudien in den Lagern
zu sagen.
Nadi der IntemierungsweUe sdiloß er sidi dem kleinen Kreis von früher
führenden Persönlichkeiten aus Dentsdiland an. r^'V rlip Tnit.s,;,.^ .,„r
aoiaiiung einer Selbstvertretung der deutsdien und österreichisdien Juden
in England ergriffen. Als diese Pläne durdi Gründung der „Association
Wiljrid B. Israel
79
of T.„.,ch Ref,,~ecs" (AJR) im Jahre 1941 verwirklidit wurden, aehörte
ci, ucnn auui n.dit de ;ure, so dodi de facto zu den Mitgliedern der'Exe-
kutn e. Die Tatsadie, daß sein Name mit der Organisation verbunden war
trug entscheidend zur üher.in.i„n„ „nvermeidlirfier Sdiwieriekeit.n .-.%'
rend der ersten Jahre nadi der Gründung bei. Mit der Arbeit für seine
Sdiidtsalsgenossen verband Israel eine aktive Beteiligung am Kriegseinsatz,
.-u-.a..., ais .mgiieu ues „Uvil Delence" und später - im Rahmen einer
von der Regierung eingesetzten Studiengruppe - als Sadikenner für jüdi-
sdic und deutsche Fragen.
!^ 13 erging an ihn der Ruf, sidi der vom nationalsozialistisdien Regime
vertolgten Juden auf dem Kontinent im Rahmen der damals gegebenen
Moghdikeiten anzunehmen. Es galt, jüdisdien Flüditlingen, die sidi in die
neutralen Länder Spanien und Portugal gerettet hatten, insbesondere den
Jungeren unter ihnen, die Weiterw.nnderung nadi Palästina zu ermöglidien.
Am .4 März 1943 flog Wilfrid Israel nadi Lissabon. Es gelang ihm, die
zahlreidicn emwanderungs- und transporttedinisdien Sdiwierigkeiten zu
überwinden mit dem Ergebnis, daß im Jahre 1944 ein Sdiiffstransport von
Jugendlidicn nadi Palästina abgehen konnte, über die organisatorisdie
Leistung hinaus gab Wilfrid den Jugendlidien aber audi durdi seine
mcnsdihdie Teilnahme an ihrem Sdiidsal Mut und Zuversidit
Als er den Rüdeflug nadi London antreten wollte, bot ihm das britisdie
Konsulat in Lissabon einen Platz in einem Flugzeug an, das etwas eher als
das ursprunglidi von ihm vorgesehene abflog (und in dem sidi audi der be-
rühmte englisdie Sdiauspieler Leslie Howard befand). Dieses Flugzeug
wurde über dem Meer am 1. Juni 1943 von den Nationalsozialisten abge-
sdiossen. Man nimmt an, daß der deutsdie Spionagedienst Winston Chur-
chill unter den Passagieren vermutet hatte.
Ein bleibendes Denkmal für VN'ilfrid Israel ist das „Beth Wilfrid" im
Kibhuz Hasorea in Israel. Diesem Kibbuz, aus der deutsdi-jüdisdien
Jugendbewegung „Die Werldeute" her^■orgegangen, fühlte er sidi beson-
ders verbunden, und es war seine Absidit. sidi nadi Kriegsende dort niedcr-
zulasseri „Beth Wilfrid" enthält die Kunstsammlung, die Wilfrid Israel
dem Kibbuz testamentarisdi hinterlassen hat; es ist heute ein Kulturzentrum
für das ganze Land. Aber zu diesem siditbaren Zeidien der Erinnerung an
seinen Namen tritt das Gedenken der vielen, für die die Begegnung mit
Wilfnd Israel eine unvergeßlidie Bereidierung des eigenen Lebens bedeutet
. ~ ^ ^^ ^'^^ ^""^* ''^''' A.CUC11 UHU beulen upicrtoü em Denk-
mal m der Geschichte der deutschen Judenheit gesetzt.
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GEGENWART IM RUECKBLICK. FESTGABE FUER DIE JÜEDISCHE
GEMEINDE ZU BERLIN 25 JAHRE NACH DEM NEUBEGINN.
HEIDELBERG , ST lEHM ,1970 .
WERNER M. BEHR
IN MEMORIAM WILFRID ISRAEL
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Excavations are taking place in far-away countries, tut the Citizens of Berlin can
discover close to home, in the centre of the city, the foundations of a Building
that had been known all over Germany for 125 years. These foundations once
carried the department störe "N. Israel" that had been established in an area
bordered by Neue König Str., Spandauer Str., Probst- and Post-Str.
The Israel family traces its origin to 1600 when their forefathers settled in
^ West Prussia. The first Israel registered in the Town Register of Berlin as property
owner was entered in 1776. This Israel ancestor, Nathan Israel, started a small
linen shop on the comer of Neue König Str. and Spandauer Str. in 1815. At the
time, it did not even have a display window, but it was to grow into a huge
department störe until it had to close down in 1939. Now only grass grows
• where once this industrious störe existed - it was destroyed in an air raid in 1943.
N. Israel was famous for its vast variety of goods. Only food was not offered for
sale there. Their linen department was renowned; its wholesale division offered
complete lines of furniture and fumishings etc. to hoteis. True to its convictions,
however, N. Israel also banned all military toys - toy soldiers, toy guns, etc.
from its counters.
Particular importance attaches to the year 1921 in the story of N. Israel. That
was the year in which Wilfrid, as the representative of the fourth generation,
entered the department störe established by his ancestors in 1815, and which had
since remained in the possession of the family.
It was no easy task for him to direct into more modern ways a business the
conduct of which had been fixed by tradition. It required great tact and great
patience to win over a staff - not a few of whose members could look back to a
period of more than fifty years - to present-day economic views. The father.
Berthold Israel, who possessed a clear judgement, soon gave his eldest son an
entirely free band in the management of the firm, fully approving of the re-
orientation within the limits of the existing framework.
In 1928, Wilfrid was partly relieved of the responsibility by the entry into the
business of his brodier, Dr. Herbert Israel. The father now Standing more was or
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soldiers, toy guns, etc.
Story or N. Israel. That
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in 1815, and whidi had
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[omic views. The father,
gave his eldest son an
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)w Standing more was or
less aloof, gave the sons advice, and rarely was so harmonious a Cooperation
Seen as in this case between father and sons in a business of sudi magnitude.
Morcüver, each of the brothers accepted the decisions of the other unquestioning-
ly. So much were they in sympathy with each other that in many cases words
were not necessary.
It was embodied in the tradition of the house of N. Israel that the management
should take a personal interest in the private circumstances of the employees. As
early as 1895, a pension fund had been established to which in later years a
sick fund for employees was added. Wilfrid devoted a great deal of time to the
improvement of these institutions.
He was however, particularly attached to the rising generation. Young people
who desired to enter the firm as apprentices were, independently of the necessary
tests, invited by Wilfrid to a personal interview and it was not unusual for him
to discover special gifts in the applicant. Israel helped the apprentice to cultivate
these gifts in his own interests, even if they were of no direct value to the firm.
It was due to Wilfrid's initiative that a separate commercial training school
was inaugurated. It was the only one in Germany recognized by the authorities.
Many of the young peöple who today are dispersed throughout the world and
have found new homes and new occupations, are in debt to N. Israel for the com-
prehensive and far-sighted training imparted to them in this school, which gave
them, over and above pure routine training, a genuine commercial education.
Among the two thousand people employed by the firm there was not one
whom Wilfrid did not know personally. Each knew that he could approach Israel
without an intermediary both for business suggestions and for personal requests.
Wilfrid was peculiarly gifted in reading the minds of his employees, and was able
to transform those whose sphere of work was very limited into valuable and
interested collabor^ors.
At the model exhibitions which took place regularly Wilfrid not only gave his
advice to the department organizing the display but also through practical de-
monstration imparted an artistic touch of his own to these exhibitions.
Those who were privileged to take part in the regulär discussions of the de-
partments received impressions of a significance exceeding that of their everyday
work. Here they had an opportunity to observe how Wilfrid dealt with problems,
not from a limited point of view, but always in such manner as to take into
consideration the further consequences and possibilities.
In 1933, Wilfrid realized at once that no further possibilities were open to
Jews in Germany. It would have been an easy matter to secure personal advantages
to his family by a speedy liquidation of the firm. This, however, would not have
been in the interests of the Jews, and in particular of the Jews of the business
world. Therefore, any sudi idea was renounced. The continuance of the firm of
297
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N. Israel thus enabled many others to abandon in comparative quiet the positions
which had become untenable for them.
For the Jewish employees of the firm an emigration department was örganizcd
which operated methodically and successfully, thanks to Wilfrid's extensive
international relations. In 1939/ the firm of N. Israel dosed its doors^ after having
existed for nearly 125 years.
It was astonishing what an extensive variety of labors Wilfrid could ac-
complish in the course of the day. He possessed indeed a special faculty for
utilizing his time to the utmost. Whether it was a question of a meeting of the
Hilfsverein or the Reichsvertretung, whether it was a display^ or exhibition, or
an interesting art auction, a petitioner, or a youth congress, he always found
time, and ways and means to attend to the problem at band, devoting himself to
the particular matter as intensively as if he were concemed with no other
problem.
After his journey around the world in 1923 Wilfrid took no further holiday.
He was content to go for walks in the neighborhood of his father's country
estate, and now and again to make a trip for a few days to the mountains whidi
he loved so much, and which meant so much to him.
Above all eise, he loved his home. On the topmost floor he had created for
himself a home, radiating infinite peace and rest. Books, flowers, and art collec-
tions surrounded him. From his mother he had inherited the happy gift of bring-
ing out the beauty of a flower by means of arrangement and background. When
he worked at his desk, covered with photographs of family and friends, it satis-
fied him to rest his glance on these pictures, among them one of his mother and
of the sister he had loved, and who had died young, an old picture of his great-
grandfather, Dr. Adler, a Chief Rabbi of England, and a photograph dedicated
to him by Fridtjof Nansen. Nansen had recognized a capable collaborator in
young Wilfrid and had entrusted him with important tasks.
Too much responsible work during his later years rarely allowed him time for
his own artistic work, sculpturing and sketching. He had hoped to find rest and
leisure for this in Palestine one day, when he at last would achieve the wish of
his heart, to make Erez Israel his home.
Wilfrid was very serious in this intention, as the provisions of his will testify.
He had hoped that his last place of rest would be in Palestine.
One of his last wishes was fulfilled, namely that a home was built for the
collection of his sculptures, in Hasorea, Israel.
It was not merely a mood of a moment that Wilfrid, in his will, included a
bequest to promote regulär interchange of teachers between Hast and West. It was
the guiding aim of his life to contribute to drawing people together, and trans-
cending his death he still seeks to realize this idea today.
298
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dent and as representing the culture of thejews. Christo-
pher himself worshipped culture, but his was a very ex-
clusive religion, to be shared only wirb fellow artists. No
one, he said, should dare to praise a worlc of art unless
he himself is a practicing artist. Christopher therefore
condemned the vast majority of culture worshippers as
being ignomnt, presumptuous, and probably insincere —
whcther they were Jtws or non-Jcws was irrelevant.
Christopher outgrew this prejudice as he continued to
publish books and began to acquire enthusiastic readers.
It is not in human nature to condemn your own worship-
pers, even when they aren't fellow artists.
In Goodhye to Berlin, Natalia Landauer has a cousin, Bern-
hard Landauer. Bernhard helps to run the department
Store which is owned by Natalia's father. The original of
Bernhard Landauer was Wilfrid Israel. Wilfrid Israel and
Gisa Soloweitschik weren't related to each other. Their
families had no business connections. Wilfrid did, how-
ever, help to run a department störe founded by his own
family. It was one of the biggest in Berlin.
Wilfrid was tall, pale, dark-eyed, soft-spoken, precise
in his Speech, a smiler who seldom laughed. He looked
young for his age. When Christopher met him in 1931,
he was thirty-two years old.
As Bernhard in the novel, his profile is described as
''over-civilized, finely drawn, beaky":
He smiled and his face was masked with exhaustion:
the thought crossed my mind that he was perhaps suf-
fering from a fatal disease.
Again and again, Bernhard is presented as being tired,
apathetic. He is evidently quite able to meet the obliga-
tions of his important executive job, but he regards it
with weary irony. He even confesses to "Isherwood"
that the störe itself seems unreal to him at times, perhaps
66
pari of an Dallucmation from which he is suffering i'his
may not be meant litcrally, but Bernhard certainly is
expressing a sense of the meaninglessness of his business
life and of himself as a businessman. And he goes mu(h
further. When "Ishcrwood" asks him if he thinks there
will be a Nazi Putsch or a Conimunist revolution, he
auswers th ' (he quesiion seems to him "a little trivial."
lie prodpct'S a Unter fn)m a fanati al anti Semite, threat-
ening him with death, and remarks that he gets three or
four such letters a week. "Isherwood" exclaims: "Surely
you'll teil the police.^" Bernhard smiles another of his
tired smiles;
My existence is not of such vital importance to myself
or to others that the forces of the Law should be called
upon to Protect me . . .
a reply which suggests apathy rather than courage.
I am quite sure that these aspects of Bernhard 's charac-
ter weren't invented, that they were founded on Christo-
pher's Observation of Wilfrid in real life. But a very
difFerent Wilfrid appears in World ivithw World. Stephen
teils how, when the two of them were Walking together
on Ruegen Island, during a summer holiday in 1932,
Wilfrid surprised him
by outlining a plan of action for thejews when Hitler
seized Germany — an event which he seemed to antici-
pate as certain. Thejews, he said, should close their
businesses and go out into the streets, remaining there,
as a Protest, and refusing to go home even if the Storm
Troopers fired on them. It was only such a united
action, within a hopeless Situation, which would arouse
the conscience of the world.
This was no mere dieoretical talk. Less than a year
later, when Hitler came to power, Wilfrid began to show
himself capable of great courage and ftrmness of purpose.
67
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Wilfrid's mother had been English and he himself had
becn born in England. He was a British subject and could
therefore leave Germany and setde in England whenever
he chose to do so. Instead, he chose to remain in Berlin
for seven more years. As it became increasingly clear that
no concerted action could be taken against the Nazis by
the Jews or by any othcr group, Wilfrid concentrated on
more limited objectives, including the defense of the
department störe itself, for as long as that might be possi-
ble.
The Store, like all other Jewish Stores, was boycotted
from time to time. Wilfrid himself was threatened, ar-
rested, cross-examined, and (I have heard) temporarily
imprisoned. Nevertheless, though repeatedly ordered to
do so, he refused to dismiss his Jewish employees. He
even refused to placate the authorities by making the
token gesture of flying the swastika flag over the störe
building. Meanwhile, he worked to arrange the emigra-
tion of as manyjews as possible to foreign countries. A
Jew could often be released from a concentration camp
on condition that he emigrated immediately. But some-
one eise would have to find the money for this because
his own property would have been confiscated already.
At length, in 1939, the firm of Israel was taken over by
non-Jews; it was the last of its kind to change hands.
Wilfrid thus lost most of his power to help others. Just
before the outbreak of war, his friends persuaded him to
leave for England.
I can understand why Wilfrid chose to discuss his Prob-
lems as a Jew with Stephen rather than with Christopher.
Stephen's parentage was partly Jewish as well as Anglo-
German; Wilfrid may well have feit more akin to him.
But Stephen must have told Christopher about their con-
versation. And Christopher, before the time came to
write about Wilfrid, must have heard at least something
of his defiance of the Nazis.
68
Then why is this aspect of Wilfrid left out of the Por-
trait of Bernhard.^ Even though the novel had to end in
1933 with "Isherwood" 's departure from Berlin, there
could have been a final scene with Bernhard in which his
future attitude to the Nazis is foreshown; in which, per-
haps, "Isherwood" realizes that he has misundcrstood
and underestimated Bernhard from the beginning, and
feels guilty. Instead, "Isherwood" 's final scene with
Bernhard — it is set in the spring of 1932 — ends on a note
of escapism. Bernhard has been talking about China,
saying that in Peking he feit at home for the first time in
his life. "Isherwood" suggests that he go back there. The
Suggestion sounds slightly contemptuous; it seems to
equate Peking with the culture worship which "Isher-
wood" despises. For Bernhard is a culture devotee like
Natalia, though an infinitely more sophisticated one.
Bernhard replies calmly yes, he will go to Peking, but on
condition that **Isherwood" comes with him as his guest
and that they Start that very evening. '*Isherwood" makes
excuses. He takes Bernhard 's offer as a joke, anyway. It
is only much later, after Bernhard is dead, that "Isher-
wood" becomes convinced that the offer was serious,
after all. "I recognize it as Bernhard 's last, most daring,
and most cynical experiment upon us both." In other
words, Bernhard has played an inverted form of Russian
roulette, in which five of the chances are death and only
the sixth chance an escape from death into a faraway land
— a land where he can believe in his own existence.
Christopher was accustomed to say that he never wrote
about people he didn't like — because, when he disliked
someone, he simply didn't find him interesting. This was
a show-off remark, typical of Christopher in his arrogant
mood. Christopher did find Wilfrid intensely interesting,
despite the fact that there was a great deal of hostility
between them. Nevertheless, his hostility may well have
prevented him from seeing and describing Wilfrid as a
hero.
69
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He is sympathetic, charming. But his gestures, offering
me a glass of wine or a cigarette, are clothed in arro-
gance, the arrogant humility of the Hast.
''Isherwood" Stresses the "OrientaP' aspect of Bern-
hard. In this case, the epithet seems to refer to the Chi-
nese But Christopher had a prejudice, at thar period in
his hfe, against another Oriental race, the Hindus He
found something repellent— that is to say, personally dis-
turbing— in Hindu humihty and passivity and the arro-
gance he feit that it concealed. As a matter of principle
he sided with the Hindus against the British raj and
agreed that they had every right to treat their English
conquerors with arrogance. Still, he identified instinc-
tively with the English. And so he found deepiy disturb-
ing the picture of himself confronted by one of these
humble-arrogant figures, a Hindu, or a Wilfrid— some-
one who "knew" about life and whose knowledge might
be superior to his. "He is not going to teil me what he
is really thinking or feeiing, and he despises me because
I do not know/' This prejudice of Christopher's, I now
reahze, sprang from fear— fear of the unknown some-
thing which the Hindus knew, the something which he
might one day have to accept and which might change his
hfe. As a kmd of mock-Hindu, Wilfrid aroused that prej-
udice.
Earlier in their relationship, there has been a brief
mconclusive Showdown between "Isherwood" and Bern-
hard. "Isherwood" accuses him of showing hostility by
adoptmg this mock-humble attitude. ''Actually, youVe
the least humble person I ever met." Bernhard replies
with "Oriental" obliqucness:
I wonder if you are right ... I think not altogether.
But partly . . . Ycs, there is some quality in you which
attracts me and which I very much envy, and yet this
very quality also arouscs my antagonism.
70
Bernhard sums himself up by adding: "I'm afraid that I
am a quite unnecessarily complicated piece of mecha-
nism." Which may be taken to imply that he thinks "Ish-
erwood" quite unnecessarily crude.
There is an enigmatic remark in a letter written by
Christopher to Stephen Spender in November 1932. Af-
ter telling Stephen that he has seen Wilfrid lately but only
once, Christopher adds: "He is kind. But he condcmns
me in his heart." What did Christopher think Wilfrid
condemned him for.^ I believe Christopher suspected that
Wilfrid was a severely repressed homosexual and that, as
such, he condemned Christopher for his aggressive
frankness about his own sex life. If Christopher did in-
deed suspect this, it would have been characteristic of
him to be extra frank with Wilfrid, in order to jolt him
into frankness about himself.
In the novel, it seems to be implied that what Bernhard
is hiding is a romantic attachment to "Isherwood." The
shared trip to China which Bernhard proposes is made to
sound like an elopement. Whether Wilfrid was or wasn't
homosexual is neither here nor there. Of one thing I am
certain, he wasn't in love with Christopher. I therefore
find the hint contained in the novel offensive, vague as
it is, and I am embarrassed to know that Wilfrid read it.
The Story of Bernhard Landauer ends with the news of
Bernhard's death. "Isherwood" overhears two men talk-
ing about it at a restaurant in Prague, in the spring of
1933, just after he himself has left Germany for good.
One of them has read in a newspaper that Bernhard has
died of heart failure and both take it for granted that he
has really been killed by the Nazis.
The killing of Bernhard was merely a dramatic neces-
sity. In a novel such as this one, which ends with the
outbrcak of political persecution, one death at least is a
must. No other major character in Goodbye to Berlin has
been killed, and Bernhard is the most appropriate victim,
71
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bemg a prominent Jew. The timing of his death, so early
in the persecution, is unconvincing, however— unless he
was murdered by mistakc. The Nazis would surely havc
waued long enough to prepare some falsc charges against
him. 1 he liquidation of such an important figure in the
business world would have caused a lot of bad pubhcitv
abroad. W.lfrid himself survived for years, dcspite his
defiaiice. 1 he Nazis did kill him in the end-but that one
can almost say, was by accident.
Having setded in England, Wilfrid devoted himself to
help.ng h.s fcilow refugees. After the French defeat
many of them were temporarily interned. When Wilfrid
visited the mternment camps he used to say "This is
where I ought to be, too." But, as a British sübiect he
was free. He enlisted in the Civil Defence.
By 1943, there were manyjews who had escaped from
Oermany and Austria and found their way to Spain and
Portugal. In March ofthat year, Wilfrid flew to Portugal
to arrange for some of the younger refugees to emigrate
to Palestme. Within two months. he had done this. On
June I he boarded a plane to fly back to London. Among
his fellow passengers was the famous actor Leslie How-
ard.
Over the Bay of Biscay, three hundred miles off Cape
Finisterre, their plane met eight Nazi fighters. It is almost
certain that the fighters came upon them by chance, while
returning from an unsuccessful attempt to locate two of
their own U-boats. Unarmed airliners flying between
Lisbon and London were very seldom attacked, though
they often carried important people. But, on this occa-
sion, the Nazis had some reason to suspect that Churchill
himself might be on board; they knew that he would be
Hying back from a Conference in Algiers at about that
time. Ihere were no survivors.
Christopher first met Gerald Hamilton in the winter of
1930-31. At that period, Gerald's social position was
72
solidly respectable; he was the sales representative of the
London Times for Germany and had his office in Berlin.
In Mr. Norris and I, one of Gerald 's several autobio-
graphical books, he describes how he obtained this job:
This serves to show with what ease anybody can toda]>
obtain a responsible position, no matter what his past
life might have been. I was able to provide the usual
references; I did not have to teil a Single lie, and I
föund myself suddenly launched into this most respect-
able and responsible post. The ease with which I ob-
tained it is only another illustration of the vast scale of
hypocrisy upon which the Standards of our civilization
really depend.
Good old, bad old Gerald! One can't help admiring his
tactics. He asks The Times for a job. The Times gives him
one and is promptly denounced for its hypocrisy. How
dare it pretend to have Standards of right and wrong if
it hires people like Gerald, who outrage those Standards.^
How dare it pretend ignorance of, for example, these
two facts.^
That, during the First World War, Gerald had been
imprisoned and later interned in England because of his
' openly expressed pro-German and anti-British senti-
ments" and ''enemy association." (This had inspired
Horatio Bottomley to write an article entitled "Hane
Hamilton!")
And that, during 1924 and 1925, Gerald had spent
several months in various French and Italian prisons,
charged with swindling a Milanese jeweler out of a pearl
necklace.
But now Gerald betrays himself into admitting that he
has a double Standard. While condemning The Times for
employinga notorious traitor and thief, he maintains that
he was really neither the one nor the other. Gerald
wasn't a traitor, because he wasn't British— well, techni-
cally, perhaps, but not in his heart, which was Irish
73
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GEGENWART IM RÜCKBLICK. HEIDELBERG, STIEHM,1970
WERNER M. BEHR
IN MEMORIAM WILFRID ISRAEL
Excavations are taking place in far-away countries, but the Citizens of Berlin can
discover close to home, in the centre of the city, the foundations of a building
that had been known all over Germany for 125 years. These foundations once
carried tlie department störe "N. Israel" that had been established in an area
bordered by Neue König Str., Spandauer Str., Probst- and Post-Str.
The Israel family traces its origin to 1600 vvhen their forefathers settled in
. West Prussia. The first Israel registered in the Town Register of Berlin as property
owner was entered in 1776. This Israel ancestor, Nathan Israel, started a small
linen shop on the corner of Neue König Str. and Spandauer Str. in 1815. At the
time, it did not even have a display window, but it was to grow into a huge
department störe until it had to close do-.vn in 1939. Now only grass grows
where once this industrious störe existed - it was destroyed in an air raid in 1943.
N. Israel was famous for its vast variety of goods. Only food was not offered for
sale there. Their linen department was renowned; its wholesale division offered
complete lines of furniture and fumishings etc. to hoteis. True to its convictions,
however, N. Israel also banned all military toys - toy soldiers, toy guns, etc.
from its counters.
Particular importance attaches to the year 1921 in the story of N. Israel. That
was the year in which Wilfrid, as the representative of the fourth generation,
entered the department störe established by his ancestors in 1815, and which had
since remained in the possession of the family.
It was no easy task for him to direct into more modern ways a business the
conduct of which had been fixed by tradition. It requircd great tact and great
patience to win over a staff - not a few of whose members could look back to a
period of more than fifty years - to present-day economic views. The father,
Berthold Israel, who possessed a clear judgement, soon gave his eldest son an
entirely free band in the management of the firm, fully approving of the re-
orientation within the limits of the existing framework.
In 1928, Wilfrid was partly relieved of the responsibility by the entry into the
business of his brother, Dr. Herbert Israel. The father now Standing more was or
2.96
less aloof,
Seen as in
Moreover,
ly. So mucl
were not ni
It was eril
should takti
early as ij|
sick fund f 1
improveme|
He was
who desin
tests, inviti
to discover]
these gifts
It was
was inaug^
Many of
have foun(
prehensiv
them, ovei
Among
whom Wi]
without arj
Wilfrid w;j
to transfül
interested
At the il
advice to
monstratic
Those
partments]
work. Hej
not from
considerai
In 193:
Jews in Gi
to his fan
been in tll
World. Tl
can
Iding
lonce
area
in
)erty
tmall
rhe
iThat
ihon,
had
thc
[great
to a
ither,
in an
re-
the
i>or
Päir.,
SHpBHKJllUl mmiJ
less aloof, gave the sons advicc, and rarely was so harmonious a Cooperation
scen as in this casc bctween fathcr and sons in a business of such magnitude.
Morcüver, each of the brothers accepted the decisions of the other unquestioning-
ly. So niuch were they in sympathy with each other that in many cases vvords
werc not necessary.
It was cmbodied in the tradition of the house of N. Israel that the management
should take a personal interest in the private circumstances of the employees. As
early as 1895, a pension fund had been estaWished to which in later years a
sick fund for employees was added. Wilfrid devoted a great deal of time to the
improvement of these institutions.
He was however, particularly attached to the rising generation. Young people
who dcsired to enter the firm as apprentices were, independently of the necessary
tests, invited by Wilfrid to a personal interview and it was not unusual for him
to discover special gifts in the applicant. Israel helped the apprentice to cultivate
thcse gifts in his own interests, even if they were of no direct value to the firm.
It was due to Wilfrid's initiative that a separate commercial training school
was inaugurated. It was the only one in Germany recognized by the authorities.
Many of the young people who today are dispersed throughout the world and
have found new homes and new occupations, are in debt to N. Israel for the com-
prehensive and far-sighted training imparted to them in tliis school, which gave
them, over and above pure routine training, a genuine commercial education.
Among the two thousand people employed by the firm there was not one
whom Wilfrid did not know personally. Each knew that he could approach Israel
without an intermediary both for business suggestions and for personal requests.
Wilfrid was peculiarly gifted in reading the minds of his employees, and was able
to transform those whose sphere of work was very limited into valuable and
interested coUaborators.
At the model cxhibitions w^hich took place regularly Wilfrid not only gave his
advice to the dcpartment organizing the display but also through practical de-
monstration imparted an artistic touch of his own to these exhibitions.
Those who were privileged to take part in the regulär discussions of the de-
partments receivcd impressions of a significance excceding that of their everyday
work. Here they had an opportunity to observe how Wilfrid dealt with problems,
not from a limited point of view, but always in sud\ manner as to take into
considcration the further consequences and possibilities.
In 1933, Wilfrid realized at once that no further possibihries were open to
Jews in Germany. Itwould have been an easy matter to secure personal advantages
to his family by a speedy liquidation of the firm. This, however, would not have
been in tlie interests of the Jews, and in particular of the Jews of the business
World. Therefore, any such idea was renounced. The continuance of the firm of
297
r.^di ^.*m'
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ü"
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,
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s
N. Israel thus enabled many others to abanJon in comparative quiet the positions
which had become untenable for them.
For the Jewish employees of the firm an emigration Department was organized
which operated methodically and successfully, thanks to Wilfrid's extensive
international relations. In 1939, the firm of N. Israel closed its doors, after having
existed for nearly 125 years.
It was astonishing what an extensive variety of labors Wilfrid coüld ac-
complish in the course of the day. He possessed indeed a special faculty for
utilizing his time to the utmost. Whether it was a question of a meeting of the
Hilfsverein or the Reichsvertretung, whether it was a display, or exhibition, or
an interesting art auction, a petitioner, or a youth congress, he always found
time, and ways and means to attend to the problem at band, devoting himself to
the particular matter as intensively as if he were concerned with no other
problem.
After his journey around the world in 1923 Wilfrid took no further hoUday.
He was content to go for walks in the neighborhood of his father's country
estate, and now and again to make a trip for a few days to the mountains which
he loved so much, and which meant so much to him.
Above all eise, he loved his home. On the topmost floor he had created for
himself a home, radiating infinite peace and rest. Books, flowers, and art coUec-
tions surrounded him. From his mother he had inherited the happy gift of bring-
ing out the beauty of a flower by means of arrangement and background. When
he worked at his desk, covered with photographs of family and friends, it satis-
fied him to rest his glance on these pictures, among them one of his mother and
of the sister he had loved, and who had died young, an old picture of his great-
grandfather, Dr. Adler, a Chief Rabbi of England, and a photograph dedicated
to him by Fridtjof Nansen. Nansen had recognized a capable collaborator in
young Wilfrid and had entrusted him with important tasks.
Too much responsible work during his later years rarely allowed him time for
his own artistic work, sculpturing and sketching. He had hoped to find rest and
leisure for this in Palestine one day, when he at last would achieve the wish of
his heart, to make Erez Israel his home.
Wilfrid was very serious in this intention, as the provisions of his will testify.
He had hoped that his last place of rest would be in Palestine.
One of his last wishes was fulfilled, namely that a home was built for the
collection of his sculptures, in Hasorea, Israel.
It was not merely a mood of a moment that Wilfrid, in his will, included a
bequest to promote regulär interchange of teachers between Hast and West. It was
the guiding aim of his life to contribute to drawing people together, and trans-
cending his death he still seeks to realize this idea today.
298
Als ic(
vom
mit
nichts,
der B]
lagen
dersell
dann
Ortsgl
dem
gehör!
Anl
der 0
gefan]
ferat
Vertrl
Froiul
allei
ser
hintel
lieh
schri(
öffn(
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mani
gen
die
Sitzi
fvl
^1
t
1
il
^«Jk-^-v
1
^?>;^;.'>
% -'1 -"5
m^ '
73-
72. N. Israel
Department Store, 1939.
73. Wilfrid Israel
(1899-1^43),
Vi 'r u^i
74. Stammhaus N. Israel,
Berlin.
S^^^
2834:
Documenta
from the }jr,j\
Düsseldorf,
Zweigarchiv sil
Kalkum
(Reg. Pias., R
f Diisseldorf. K,
vols. 1-5J.
72.
GEGENWART IM RUCKBLICK
Heidelberg, Stiehn,197ol
■'k
'" — fiirwropi!B>p^''jtiii.».piiiipM^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiii IM .p^
V
Page 4
AJR INFORMATION JULY 1984
MY FRIEND WILFRID ISRAEL
I met Wilfrid Israel for the first time in 1927. That
was the year when Habimah, the Hebrew National
Theatre, toured Berlin, leaving a deep impression
on the local Community. Both of us were conscious
of our ^'Jewishness'' and proud of our origins.
However, with a similar background of an as-
similated, Western upbringing, we still had to
discover the living proof of our Jewish roots. We
were, in fact, still searching, if unconsciously
perhaps, for the Jewish heritage within us. The
encounter with Habimah was much more for us
than a theatrical event. We feit that they had given
US an opening into a world which, even without
knowing its language, revealed a basic part of our
hidden identity.
I believe it was the sharing of this spiritual
experience which started our life-long friendship.
When it became obvious that without financial
Support Habimah had no future, we joined forces
to save its existence, attempts which enabled them
to continue their work in Europe at least for
another few years, fulfilling their cultural role with
artistic brilliance, before finally settling in
Palestine.
Another strong link was forged through our
mutual friend and his work: Dr. Siegfried
Lehmann, later to be the director of the youth
village Ben Shemen. I had been greatly impressed
by his Personality as an educator and was happy to
assist him with his work for orphaned Jewish
children in Kovno, Wilfrid was one of his intimate
friends and collaborators in his Zionist youth
work in the early days, when Lehmann, as a young
doctor, had founded the Juedische Volksheim in
Berlin. Here Wilfrid had been deeply influenced by
lectures on Eastern Europe and Zionism. After the
advent of Hitler which sparked off the immediate
re-orientation of the Jewish Community towards
all aspects of emigration, it was only natural that
our relationship should become even closer.
Wilfrid and I had both worked with the Hilfs-
verein, the Organisation geared to social work
among the disadvantaged **Ostjuedische" com-
munity, most of them immigrants from Russia and
Poland. This experience helped us to combine that
framework with the tasks now facing the Commun-
ity at large.
Casting back my mind to this period of our
activities, the image of another exceptional man
emerges: Dr. Ludwig Tietz, a congenial friend of
Wilfrid's who, long before 1933, had been at the
heim of Jewish youth work in Germany. He, like
ourselves, came from a liberal background and his
approach to the task at hand meshed easily with
our views and understanding of the Situation The
three of us were equally involved in the formation
of the Reichsvertretung. Although each of us had
his individual assignments, daily personal contact
between us resulting in the co-ordination of efforts
and plans developed into a firm cornerstone to the
structure of the communal effort.
Obligation to serve
I still remember vividly our '*missionary trips"
to this country hoping to impress the urgency for
rescue Operations on a wider scale. Nor can I ever
forget our mutual unhappiness and depression on
our return journey from England. He realised that
we had practically failed to convince the poli-
ticians in the British Foreign Office of the real
dangers threatening Europe's horizons. Wilfrid's
sensitivity — it seemed to add a sixth sense even to
his political vision — made him, perhaps more than
anyone eise in our circle, desperately aware of
what the future held. But then it was also this very
sensitivity which essentially spurred him on to
fresh initiatives and to casting an even wider net
for rescue work under his own steam. To me he
personified the true image of the lonely aristocrat,
motivated by an *'iron Obligation to serve", as
Naomi Shepherd so aptly characterises the major
driving force in Wilfrid IsraeFs life.
LOLA HAHN-WARBURG
MORITZ OPPENHEIM
The First German-Jewish Painter
The recent exhibition at Jerusalem's Israel
Museum of works by the first German-Jewish
painter, Moritz Daniel Oppenheim (1800-1882),
focused attention not only on his career and art,
but also on highlights of German Jewish history
during the last Century.
Born in the ghetto of Hanau on the threshold of
the emancipation, he emerged from a ghetto
existence into the modern world of his Century to
receive the academic training of a professional
painter.
He not only resisted the pressure of friends to
change his religion but went his own way and
became known for his paintings depicting tra-
ditional Jewish family life, recollecting in his
mature years early childhood impressions.
After studies in Hanau, Frankfurt, Munich and
Paris he went to Rome, where he came under the
influence of young German artists who tried to
revive German medieval and Italian quattrocento
art and showed a predilection for biblical subjects.
Some of these paintings and lithographs by
Oppenheim were shown in Jerusalem.
During his Roman period Oppenheim had some
distressing antisemitic encounters, making his am-
biguous Situation even more bewildering. He also
met the Roman Jews, who were still confined to
the ghetto and suffered constant harassment by the
Jesuits, who spared no effort in trying to convert
them.
But in Italy Oppenheim also met Baron Carl
Mayer von Rothschild, who bought three pictures,
and this first meeting with a member of the
Rothschild family led to their patronage which
eventually became a major factor in his life. Over
the years he painted three generations of
Oppenheim' s The Festival of Hanukkah'
Rothschilds, acquired works of art for them,
decorated their houses and, like a **court painter"
depicted important events in their family history.
The exhibition included his first genre picture on
a Jewish subject, entitled **Return of a Jewish
Volunteer from the Wars of Liberation to his
family still living in the Old Tradition". It was
meant as a political Statement and Stresses Jewish
participation in the German struggle for freedom
from French occupation under Napoleon. The
'*Wars of Liberation", in which Jewish volunteers
had taken part, been wounded and killed, eventu-
ally deprived the Jews of the Privileges which they
had enjoyed, and at the Congress of Vienna in
1815, marking the end of the war, civil rights
previously granted to the Frankfurt Jewish Com-
munity were withdrawn, and the reactionary
policy was re-established.
Message understood
Oppenheim obviously wanted this picture to be
a reminder of the Jewish contribution to the war, a
debt which had not been honoured.
The fact that the Jews of the Grand Duchy of
Baden chose this particular painting as a gift for
Gabriel Riesser, a leading advocate of German
Jewish emancipation and Vice-President of the
National Assembly, and an eloquent defender of
Jewish civil rights, indicates that Oppenheim's
message was understood by his fellow Jews.
Oppenheim's portraits include Heinrich Heine,
Ludwig Boerne, Gabriel Riesser, Fanny Hensel-
Mendelssohn and seif portraits. His frequently
reproduced paintings of Jewish family life, some of
which were also on display in Jerusalem include
"Ushering in the Shabbat", "Shabbat Eve",
"Shabbat Afternoon", *Turim", "Shavuoth",
"The Wedding" and "Hanukkah", as well as
"Jahrzeit", a scene from the Franco-Prussian War
of 1870-1871.
In his scenes from Jewish family life he conveyed
a message to his fellow Jews expressed through his
own life and art: that their commitments to
modern life and society could be compatible with
the observance of Jewish tradition, a message still
applicable today.
WOLF S. MATSDORF
V
AJR INFORMATION SEPTEMBER 1983
WILFRID ISRAELIS
40TH ANNIVERSARY
The fortieth anniversary of the death of Wilfrid
Israel was recently recalled by surviving friends
and former associates, and a biography of
the London-born, Berlin-raised-and-educated
German-Jewish leader who was also one of the
founding fathers of the AJR, is being written by
the British-born Journalist Naomi Shepherd, who
iives in Jerusalem.
Wilfrid Israel was in the unarmed aircraft flying
from Spain to London which was shot down by
Nazi fighter planes in 1943; the film actor and
fellow-Jew Leslie Howard was also killed in the
same crash. The Nazis thought the plane was
carrying Winston Churchill back from a Con-
ference in Ottawa. Wilfrid Israel had been in Spain
and Portugal trying to arrange for Jews from
occupied France to emigrate to Palestine.
He was only 43 when he died. He was managing
director and partner in the family textile and mail
Order firm founded by his great-grandfather N.
Israel in 1815, and was very active in German-
Jewish social welfare work even before 1933. In the
pre-war years he was very much involved in
helping Jewish youth to emigrate from Germany,
through the Association for Child and Youth
Aliyah, of which he was one of the founders in
1933. From 1939, when he emigrated, he devoted
himself entirely to Jewish Community work, and in
Britain did much for the interned refugees. His
mother Amy was the granddaughter of the British
Chief Rabbi Adler. By the end of 1942 he was
already thinking about how to save, help and
resettle surviving Continental Jews during and
after the end of the war.
He was a widely-travelled, well-read, highly
cultivated man of great warmth ability. He had
close links with Kibbutz HaZorea (near Haifa),
where his collection of oriental artefacts is well
looked after in the Wilfrid Israel House. It is
hoped that Naomi Shepherd's biography will put
his Personality and achievement in their true
perspective. E.G.L.
WEININGER PLAY IN EDINBURGH
An attempt to explore the mind of the "self-
hating" Otto Weininger has been made by
Yehoshua Sobol in his play *The Soul of a Jew'\
Weininger, a philosopher who committed suicide
in 1903 at the age of 23, produced only one book,
"Sex and Character", in which he denigrated both
Judaism and womanhood. At the time of his
death, he was a convert to Christianity.
The play was recently premiered in Haifa and
aroused controversy throughout Israel, partly
because of erotic scenes, but chiefly for its anti-
Jewish quotations from Weininger himself. It
formed part of this year's Edinburgh Festival as
one facet of the 1983 Viennese theme.
_
Annely Juda Fine Art
1 1 Tottenham Mews, London W1P9PJ
01-637 5517/8
CONTEMPORARY PAINTING
AND SCULPTURE
Mon-Fri: 10 am-6 pm Sat: 10 am-1 pm
SPECIAL EVENTS
MRS. PARISER AT 100
IN HEINRICH STAHL HOUSE
Mrs. Hedwig Pariser, of Heinrich Stahl House, the
oldest resident of the AJR old age homes,
celebrated her lOOth birthday on 17 August. It was
a very pleasant occasion organised by the Matron,
Ruth Gawthorpe. The deputy mayor of Barnet,
Councillor Denis Dippel, was introduced by Mr.
L. Spiro, Acting Chairman of the House Com-
mittee, in the presence of many relations of Mrs.
Pariser, including her two daughters and grand-
children. There was a birthday telegram from the
Queen.
OTTO SCHIFF
AFTERNOON
On Sunday, 31 July 1983 relatives and friends
spent a most enjoyable afternoon at the Otto
Schiff House where the matron and her staff had
prepared a most delicious tea.
Residents and staff joined together to transfer
everything indoors as the rain came down, but this
did not mar the occasion in any way. These events
are so much appreciated by the residents who love
to welcome guests to their 'home\
OPEN DAY AT
OSMOND HOUSE
Though the very hot and humid weather kept
some of the usual big crowds from the Open Day
at Osmond House on 1 7 July, there were plenty of
'old faithfuls' to make it a successfui afternoon.
Bettine le Beau graced the fete with her usual
charm. Jenny Halfon amazed the guests with her
graphological skills. Matron, Mrs. L. A. Charles-
worth, with her staff and house committee, were
responsible for the preparation and smooth run-
ning of the teas and the various stalls.
The residents enjoyed themselves and everyone
present was inspired by the tireless personality of
Pauline Todd, who lived up to her motto: Never
fear. Pauline is here.
MEMORIAL SERVICE
The thirteenth Annual Interdenominational Mem-
orial Service is being organised by the North West
London Branches of AJEX in conjunction with
the Metropolitan Area of the Royal British
Legion, in memory of those who died in Prisoner
of War and Concentration Camps, and will be
held on Sunday, 16th October 1983 at 3 p.m. at the
Prisoners' Memorial, Gladstone Park, Dollis Hill
London, N.W.2.
ALL AIR PORTS AND SEASIDES
JACK'S EARLY CAR
SERVICE
959 6473
HEATHROW— £10 LUTON— £12
GATWICK/STANSTED/SOUTHEND— £20
BRIGHTON— £25
EASTBOURNE & BOURNEMOUTH— £33
ADVANCE BOOKINGS
EVERYONE FULLY LEGALLY INSURED
Page 3
HOUSING BENEFITS—
RENT AND RATE REBATES
BOROUGH OF BARNET
We can now inform our readers who are residents
of Barnet about clarification received from the
Borough of Barnet concerning the treatment of
German Compensation Annuities (Entschaedi-
gungsrenten) paid under the German Federal
Compensation Act and German/Austrian Social
Insurance and Public Service Pensions paid under
special German or Austrian legislation for Nazi
victims, in calculating their income for rent/rate
rebate entitlement.
Monthiy Compensation Annuities (Entschaedi-
gungsrenten)
These will be entirely disregarded by the Council
in calculating an applicant's income for the pur-
pose of the rebate.
Social Insurance Pensions
a. InvaliditylDisahility Pensions
These are also completely disregarded.
b. Other Social Insurance Pensions (Old
Age/Retirement/ Widows)
These will be included in the caiculation of
the applicant's income, but there will be a
disregard of £4 per week in calculating the
weekly income. If, however, the pensioner
also receives an Entschaedigungsrente which
is disregarded, there will be no further disreg-
ard of £4 p.w.
Public Service Pensions
These will be included in the income com-
putation, but a similar disregard of £4 per week as
in (b) above will operate.
The Director of Financial Services, Barnet,
advises that claimants should give füll details of
the income received under special
German/Austrian legislation so that it can be
correctly categorised in accordance with his
communication. F.E.F.
PASSION PLAY IN ESSEX
Chigwell is to have its own Passion Play which will
be put on early next year to coincide with the 1984
production in Oberammergau. But it is hoped that
the Essex version will have none of the antisemitic
undertones of the original. The Rector of Chig-
well is writing his own Script, not based on the
Bavarian village's play, and he has promised to
avoid offence and to appeal to all religious-minded
people.
SENIOR RAMBLING GROUP
Rambiers who enjoy the countryside in the Home
Counties and are able to walk between six and
fourteen miles are invited to join this group.
Details from Miss Irene Gunston (229 8373) or
Mr. Peter Johnson (2868825, after 8pm). Occa-
sionally theatre and other outings are arranged as
well.
BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE
51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.3
Our communal hall is available for cultural
and social functions. For details apply to:
Secretary, Synagogue Office.
Tel: 01-794 3949
I
The Histories of ''Kaufhaus M. Israel
and of Wilfrid Israel
)i
BY H. G. REISSNE»
Businessmen and consumers in Northern Gcrmany used to associate the
name *N. Israel* with notions of trustworthiaess and quality. Jewish social
workers would try to secure the assistance od ihe Israel family when an
cxtraordinary voluntar)' effort was called iocr. The supreme sacrifice of
W'iltrid Israel is part of the last historic pkase of liquidation of former
German Jewry and the beginnings of resetilement of its remnants abroad.
*N. Israel' was the last commercial enierprise in Berlin to surrender
control, on February 9, 1939, in compliance with the Nazi 'Regulation for
ifae elimination of the Jews from German economic life*, dated November
12, 1938. The firm was, up to that time, aii.o one of only a handful —
Gentile, Jewish or *Non-Aryan' — with an imbroken record of trade acti-
Wties of more than a hundred years. By then, ihe Israel family had resided
in Berlin for 198 years. Through marriages rn the first three generations,
ihey were related to the founding fathers who^ in 1671, had re-established a
jewish Community in Berlin after the Thirty Tcars' War. Marriages in the
fourth and fifth generations linked them to me Anglo-Jewish 'Adler' clan.
In the course of two centuries, the Israel iamily had thus completed a
dvic drcle. It had been initiated by an immigrant youth from the East, who
had attained the Status of an 'Extraordinary Protected Jew*. His son had
advanced to 'Ordinary Protected Jew', and, Uiter in life, to Prussian Citizen.
Three more generations enjoyed the Status of Prussian and German Citizens
respectively. The sixth was reduced again lo chat of 'Emigres'. In business,
ihe family had started out as dealers in seoond-hand garments, but wound
up as the owners of a renowned departmem störe in addition to which
there was a considerable wholesale departmenL Their growth paralleled
that of Berlin: out of the debris of a de\'as5aiing 17th centiuy war, and
from the seat of local trade and administraadon, to an Imperial capital,
home of world-spanning industry and excfaajoge. liquidation of the firm
and emigration of the family preceded, by but six years, the debacle of
the *Third Reich'. Fert unda, nee regitur — the wave carries, but it cannot
be controlled: It was the good fortune of the family to live in a time of
general political consolidation, a favoiu^ble sodal climate, economic pros-
perity; but they persevered also in times of political defeat of the native
State, sodal reaction, and economic crisis. Ziemen tary conditions just
'cxistcd*. The family's personal contribution and achievement were basic
human qualities, — patience, steadfastness, drcumspection, commercial and
social responsibility.
227
i
^mk-
\W
^**r
M9
LliabUiti«1of«fN.
,^ : The dqHurture
Israel, from Berlin
had been the anml
bachelor from S
of patient, imaginatiie
f^ of four consecutivc
by the EmflfKocstc^A.
■f\''^^^
•n
x ,.
■^^Br^m
feacfaeior binodiers, firu Jlexbeit and thcn'WiUrid
London in the spring of 19S9 was as unobcnBm as
B Berlin, in 1741, of their ancestor Israd iKnb. m
Their departure brought to an end
building and stewardship of one firm in tfcy liands
tions. ^
^■%?rv i^
IM I
vm.
-ERRANT OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL
The phase just
an additional
seen him emerge
heritage, the family
conception of noi
ed by Wilfrid
them the germ of a
experienced as such
age. In birthday
only six months
and the years to come presented to Wilfrid Israel
whidi we shall now review in its entirety. Wc have
his formative years with a complementary double
cradition of social responsibility and an *Angk>-Saxon'
onal, voluntary public service. The dudes assum-
sinoe 1932 in resisting and fighting Nazism had in
conflict of loyalties. The conflict was a very Tcal one,
abo by other men and women of his backgnyand and
to his mother, on December 5, 1942, incidcntally
his death, he himself formulated it thus:
■«»^
I wondered if fwilluii» I had let some of my own interests and sphcro
sibility dominaic, mnd if I had not thus neglected my family.
Deep down, thoug^ mier mutual respect and genuine harmony psTv^ailed.
The family never p«t obstacles in the way of son and brother. Their cxin-
tribution to the pnfawinance of his duties in public under Nazi
was the maintenance and, eventually, the orderly liquidation of t
Conversely, Wilfrid aool: his duties towards family and firm serions!;; -rnhüe
he was ready to, and finally did, give away his life in the servioc crf the
commimity. Such itadincss must be viewed rather against the baiAgiound
of Far Eastem phSoKipiiy which cast a aa:iagical speU upon Wilfrid IsraeL
He may have sensed it lo be his dharma ~ the voluntary acceptanoe wt one*s
personal destiny — t» lose his personal idenüty in the continuance of the
group. There may faave been a subconsdous sacrif icial death-wish
Israelis natme and oirfDCt. If so, it^ivas not egoistically suicidal, b
ically and ethicaüj^ ocative, like an apotheosis of death by i
^ Rainer Maria RÖkc er Romain Rolland — as the fulfihnent of
• In the early simitn of 1932, ^an infonnal group of seven
various walks of Jcndi life met for the iirst time in Berlin. Wilfrid Israel
'^iras lone of them, iKodes J« Brodnitz,tAf. D.7^and JL T^ietz, M. JI;; bodi h
2nisted advisers of Ac Gcrman Jewish youth movement and bodksqipar- "^
alters ^f the Jewidk iJIgciicy ior JPalestine, withoutsubscribing ti>i2azust.
fram
■ »^*»'<n»^«". V ;<■ .: -^I ■
i»-»~- .*,
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1:
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»«iimUliimtmr. f'S»
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■-■ --^^•SÄ^
.1 - '^iiA^.
:^----..')uei,.
-„.itii--^-
JjÖt^S
250
H. G. Reissner
9
i
I!
II
f
r
• •
ideologv themselves; furthermore three professional social workers, execut-
ives oi xhc Zmtralwohlfahrtsstelle der Deutschen Jmam — F. Ollendorff,
G. Lubinskj and A. Lilienthal — two of them Zionisi-Sooalists and the third
one an alumnus of Jewish religious liberalism. Wilfrid Israel and another
were no: affiliated with any particular political or religious party, but
known and respected for their non-parochial Jewish point of view.
The Convention was motivated by grave forebodiiairs that the Nazi bid
for pcFKTr would eventually succeed; Jews, alone in ^ group, or even in
conjuncrion with others, would be helpless to prevent such a dreaded event.
Needcd in such supreme hour of trial would be intcmaJ unit) , expressed in
a represenutive national body of all Jews in Gennan^. Hitherto, groupings
existcd oniy along regional or political and religious iaction lines.
The nudeus of seven expanded in the early monii» c: 1933. Potentially,
the mos: important recruit was Carl Melchior, partncr^ 01 the private bank-
ing firm of M. M. Warburg &: Co., Hamburg (and Iite member of the
Germzn delegation at the Versailles Peace Treaty Etesrotiations) . Unfort-
unately, his Services came to a premature end due to bis death on December
30, 1935. Dr. Werner Senator, executive member of mt Jewish Agency for
Palestine, Jerusalem, who happened to be in Genziaiiy at the time, co-
operaLed wholeheartedly in person for several monihs, C. V. Arlosoroff,
member of the Zionist Executive in Palestine, rushcd 10 Germany for the
same specific purpose. Locally recruited volunteers induded F. Brunner, an
executive of the private banking firm Gebr. Amhold - S. Bleichroeder, Ber-
Un, a religious Jew at heart, and F. Borchardt, late direaor of an industrial
plant and an alumnus of the German Jewish youth naoremenL
Due 10 the initiative of this group, and with the moral and practical
süppocrt from such recognized personalities as Leo Baeck, Otto Hirsch,
Julius Seligsohn and others, the 'Central Council for Help and Reconstruc-
tion* iMTas didy constituted in April 1933. Its firsi ksading executive was
L. Ticiz, assisted by F. Brodnitz and F. Borchardt Wilnid Israel deputised
repeacedly, when other officials were away from Berlin on rounds of duty.
Wliiie supporting and steering the day-to-day work oi ihe Central Council,
the expanding group continued to convene at periodic intervals. One of
these informal meetings, at a private home in the Berlin West End, in
Jime 1933, was raided by a local S.A. unit. The saoim-troopers asserted
that sfaouts of 'Hail Moscow' had been reported and ihat secret documents
had been bumed at the meeting. All present, including Wilfrid Israel, were
arrestcd, except one young man, Leopold Kuh. He happened to have been
sent dovmstairs to fetch cigarettes. When he retumcd trom his errand, he
ran into the storm-troopers on the staircase. He had tiie presence of mind to
Salute them with 'Heil Hitlef and keep aloof. He noticed that a truck
pulled up into whichhis friends were herded. He folknred it in his own car
first CD a local 'cell' and then to the S.A. barracks in General Pape Strasse.
Of this he advised by telephone Dr. A. Wiener, then ngmi tive officer of the
Centralveretn deutscher
formed ihc *iawful* authi
the group m-as held insi
opportunin for Wilfrid
brune's *pxfispK)rt' (see p.
him and pieferred not
group, mduding Wilfrii
treatment, but all preser
their jaücr^. During the
the Gestapo. An implie
probablv imique in the
Ludwig Tietz on June 1
Staatspoiiz^emmts read a
*AMf Ih' Schreiben vc
TncnCk[ der Schutzpol
Vieäernolung der voi
As far as Nazi Gemia
late to imdo the damagi
*Matin' of the 25th wei
commented upon the in
Undeterred bv such
went on znid culminai^
deutschen Juden. ^Vilfri
of promodng the transi
HahnAVarburg, Recha
behalf of the Jüdische Tl
agencies |xx)led their io
The efiorts of this Bei
activities, first of Dr. (
Jewish Asrency in Jeru
buming fiie of a 'motli
Hadassah behind this
out in 1939, the immi<:
exceeded ihe 10,000 m:
In addiiion to previo
the latier"$ emigration i
of the HUfsverein der J
Organization to assist Jt
its admicistration hac
Under the auspices of t
further tbc emigratior
Palestine (which remai
Offices) .
^ H. G. Reissner
proper 'demorn.T.^ ^° ""'^ '^'^ ^°" °^<^'" obserraüon of
S^eTown IT^^^^^K^'^ ""^^f- ^- -«^ -°-- -'ed acco^ng to
their own T.t '"P^'*»^^' ?»ided by their own experien«. and from
Karesk; hl H • "^^"^ «^ misguided initiative is on record. Georg
an Sc dent -n S^f '^^ ^^^""^ ^^'"'""""y ^^ ^-^-' — ^ -^
suDDorr 1? 7 ^^""^ '" '^^ ^'''"^y t° ^""t construcmt Nazi
ewhh o ? r°^ ^'^ "^^^ deprecatory remarks about ceruin 'iefuV
Jewish ofhcials and pmonalities, with the result that S. Adler-Ruc-' an
execut,ve under tbe R,ichsvertretung was expelled as a fore ^ a
that Wilfrid Israel had to süßender hts G^rman' X«" '
and viM-r'^/ ''■'^' "^'^ "^'^ ^^^'^'^ -"h utmo« respect bv ^ident
ularly from EngLu^. .^enca. and France, were anxious to liste, "to bis
m^rpretafon of e,-a.ts and trends. His demonstration of per^^ i^
munity aga.nst mor^ and physical coercion was impressive - H^ a^o
one of probably noc more than a handful of Ger^an Jews ac^^ b^
Jemsh notab es abroad as speaking their language literall/and ^^-eh'
Wilfnd Israel en.Kn^ the affection and trust of Dr. Chaim Weinnann
No™, «"'•" "■ ^°'^"' °' "^"""'^ Szold. Wther of Youtl^i '
Norman Ben twic Mondring liaison officer for British Jewry in R^w'
matters. besides N-v-Oit I^ki. Leonard Montefiore Otto Sch^f InH k ^
too numerous to enumerate He went ^hrr..A t °'^^'^'
~, K- D • • u '^"^"="^- "e went abroad a few times, travellirrr once
on his Bnt,sh passpon. after the cancellation of the G;r™an o^ Bm
su^a! S^ss S T ^-^ ^""" " ^''""^^ ^^°°^ ^^-^^' b-h un^;^ed
s ^^^^^.i.^'^z^.'r -'- ^^^^- - ^- - -e
m.1m° ^1 " r'^^^"'''^ '^"°^'" °f ^«"'^^t* Wilfrid Israel na. have
TeAn i Naz^R """" ""t °' ^"'^^''^"^^^ ^^^^""'"^ to have bel^ to
the Antt-Nazi Resist^ce ms.de and outside Gennany.» This writer h^poens
Dr Hanf rh"TT.'^""''"°" ^^'^ °^ ^ "" °" Wilfrid Israel hrp^"
Dr. Hans Schonfeld, Genera, in or about 1937.* '
alleged tesümony of Wmnd Israel ^ccjuy ot June 7. 1956, which innwiTj the
Libiary Bulletin' ZaS^ ^ N^ J""""^! '^'. """i "' ^^^"^^^ '^ "n>r^cr
had also known M^^ tod^e^Lflv' f7r ^""^"'^^"^ «^^ »i^^^P of Chäd«tcr
memorial to the coUea« ^cSo^S !^ ^«^J .r«*«; He contributed ^ short
«i™ « ouogics which appeared m print in London, 1^ rp 8 )
In those years of kgailiied 1.
Germany had, eventiiall\. to
survive, he had to dem'ciop a
perverted. In these dimmstanc
an individual would narmalh
ally'. We must leave it ai that. .
having established dotnidie in
His first assignment. made ;
was as a board membc of J.C
one of the vacancies isf: b\ :
Germany to attend in accorc
Israel participated in a series
occupation of the Frm rh cap
Ahogether he was not nrivi
time. A State of war "u-as dt
countries at war with Hitler a
Wilfrid Israel, British bv bii
the authorities, the reLie: ore.
themselves. He assisicc in the
gees in Great Britain*. Durini
of 1940, he visited Palestine a.
the group Die Werkleruif, w*h
movement, but were oov sett
in England, and after die mili
had to put up with temixDrar'
liaison officer tourine interr
individual releases. Ttien, in
He worked as a civüian fire-^
a good deal of his prrraie bei
the explosion of an imoendia:
of the Luftwaffe shovred firs:
mended for appointmeni as a
of the Foreign Research and
regularly between Loadon an
Yet, emotionally all This w:
out of balance due to drcu
achieve a measure of inner
pondence with friends oversi
(hence employing the cx)liecti
*We are not at all öchcman
over here. We know trat v
every summer-day, the bcau
human beings can gsve to oi
And again on April 16, 1942:
'I am becx>ming nKsre fcnd <
•r
The Kaufhaus N. Israel 253
In tho« vean of legalized lawlessness and anarchv .w.,w.. t
Germanr lud, eventually. to live by his own w ^^ w^:, "'"^ ^^ '"
penened. In these circumstances, conspiracv and ro„n,-™. ^ \ ,
His fim assignment, made almost immediatelv aft^r v,w • , .
was as a board member of T r a n ™™^"*^7 *"<^ ^' ^^^al abroad,
n„« t CS^ memDer ot J.C.A. (Jewish Colonization Asvociatinn\ f« f.ii
one of d» vacancies left by the inability of Jewish re^J^udl 1 '"
Israel paraapated m a series of board meetines held in f-i- r.!^ ü
occupaüoc of the French capital by the Nazh'In f^ '"°' '° '^^
tim. T""'' ^'r'^"' "°' Privileged to recoup peacefuUv ior anv len.th of
tune. A mie of war was declared on September 2. 'lo.. ReS' .n
countnes .: war with Hitler assumed the teLical Status <;' eneÄns"
Wilfrid Ifiiael British hv KirfK o^^ u'^' , ^"* ^- cncm) aiiens .
ot 1940, he mited Palestine again. He re-established his oesonal tie, wü?
the group B. Werkleute, who had come from the C^^^^^-Ty^^
movement, but were now settled in Kibbutz Hazorea ^Tof H.ff, n f
m EngLu^d, and af ter the military äebacle of Fran a ^ot of refu "et
had to pu. up wid. temporary internment. Wilfrid Israd Sä a^InTa
S^^^eairxLr'T" '^'^'' ^"' attempti^:^ ^eed up
He wor^tTSvir ;•'" '^^^"'"'°" «^ 1940, came eh. aerial 'Blitz\
TLL H«i fl f»re-watcher during the ensuing months but lost
ü.f ei?<^n of 'Lf""^'''"r^K """^ •^°°'" ^"'^ ^«Ilection due to
me explt^n of an mcendiary bomb. The following vezr after the f.,rv
men/edf'^f ^•^'°"^' ^'"^ ^'^^ °^ ^»^--g' Wilifid^^L .ec^
STh. F ^^'""°'"' "' ' Consultant to the German and lewish seSons
of the Foreign Research and Press ServiV^ T„ »kJo - -: ^^ sections
rcgularly iS^een London and Oxford " "^'"^ ^' ~'^"'^''
ou^of l^r'""^' '" "^^ """' "°' '^^ "^"^ continuaüon o: an existente
out of balamce due to arcumstances. Over in England, h^ was able ^
achieve a measure of inner serenity denied rn hL f ^
ponden« ^th friends overseas, and^Sng at on^w^TT-"- """"•
(hence empio^ing the collective Ve') . he Zte on Au^,^ .^ i?i"r""
'We WC not at all dehumanised, and every personal tourh i» ^ ^
ovcr hert Wc know that we shall have to ^^diffi^n^n f°P?«^« to us
everr »mmnerKlay, the beauty of flow^ of t^^ m ^°^ *= "^^ meanüme
And again on April 16, 1942:
•I am bcooming more fond of London and England than mi
V
'^ H.G. Reissner
These testimooio kod to manifest a dream-like bent . \ /
his mother could have shar^l .r.ri i j u ' ^ **™* *^ Poe'T
they have gmpS^nSni thT l^'u^ ^''' understood ii or. could
Wilfrid IsraeT^Te w^ a"^ ' "^r^"' °^""°" "^^ *«6^^'ed to
arrivalsonthTS^rLZ. " "'^"''"' ''""°""' ^^^^ "^^'-
familiär with the Problems and the ^an^ua^^^^^^^ "^"°"^''>'
could act with tfae necessar,- authoriV S^ IsLl aool "^T "'^
absence from FJ^P^.. ..ich was gran\ed. H^ flew : LiS ;! vS^^^^^
1943. adv,sxng h« :nends over^as of bis new assignment as foU Jf '
diment and p«: disaster of a world^t ™rT '^ '° "'"'"'"^ "^ '"•^' ''"P-
the selection T^^^'J,, ''^^,^"-^"?^^°^ent of transport u> P^estine
AtL°rTj,'V "^°'' ™ P"""!»"- >•»' «nsWered for ,he fim ,„^p<,„
icic^rapn, tiiis nmnber was mcreased substanriplK- n.-- • n ^
voyage on a Porrueuese-flag steamer vTa 1 cii T ■ ^ °'''"
Louren^o Manjues vas envLgi To as To ^v- ^ ' ''°-'*°'" "'
ambique the opDonnnin^r. i- • ! ^^ '^^"^^" strandec ir Moz-
another route\l^«!^ , ^ '°'°"^ '""^'^'^ °"' '° ^' unobtaix^ble.
.o, trip f^^^^t:^^-—^^^:^:^^ ^-
Nav^t^lpl^i^t^^rt ^d "^ P-~ - i^^^^^^
original idea TJTI^ abandonment of this plan as *^ The
gmal idea of am ocean voyage round the Cape was then recoosidere^!
^Hyperions Schicksehi^d: 'Dnrh »«. .v. i. > .
by Frederic Piokosdi, -SoB>MPo,^T„T/'^f 'k' t"^ '"'"" ^'^"' ^" ^f>< » imulated
however without caHinr a:
vessels, then taken avc:b\ :
chartered. She was to uke
bique and then mcei ine s
the latter's passengen o\er
thus left unfinished, M±er.
London on June 1. cXT-nti
p. 256 below. It seem» vori:
ning had to go at a tämt wh
Mediterranean was barred
Wilfrid Israel dei<oiÄi i
selection and indocmzaüc
living in Residence F oriae :
on the various priscmi Lr
housed. Conditions ir Sd:
Jewish rescue organizai^or.
had to take place oc £ ori\
Every free hour berv-een
countries was utilized lo e^
between Wilfrid Isratel anc
ones among them. Triis heir
eventual goal. Wilfrid lirae.
self-chosen leaders. He assi^
studies and tried to pconire
of forming Haclishcrrc (oc:
Wilfrid Israel promised to .
of a Talestine Office" ir Us
The second aspect o: Wi.
was, if possible, to open u:
Nazi occupied terriiori-s. }
hiding. Wilfrid Israeli hid <
and Unitarians. He nepda:
had a meeting with tne Lca:
As far as fact-finding- goes. :
ing. He secured a bt-rc. o
June 1, 1943. Wilfrid Is^e.
other passengers, among^ th,
^See the reportage compilicd xncc
with the hcading 'The Jruish
sympathetic attitude is uzsizd^
eulogies contained in cnc rrm:.
not free from minor miKimrrDrt
airliner was shot down Tunroe.
subscribe to 'the instant aiasimpL
mistake for Churchill s püaze', or
•-*1
The Kaufhams N. Israel 2 5 5
however without calling at Louren^o Itoqucs. One of the former German
vessels, then taken over by the PortugB^e in Louren^o Marques, was to be
chartered She was to take on board fim the refugees stranded in Mozam-
bique and then meet the steamer from Lisbon on the high seas and take
the latter's passengers over £or the of!n4:ird trip to Egypt. - Matters were
thus left unfinished, when Wilfrid Israel cmbarked on his retum flight to
London on June 1. (Eventually a diffrmnt Solution was worked out - see
p. 256 below. It seems worth while recording. though, to what lengths plan-
ning had to go at a time when the direa approach to Palestine through the
Mediterranean was barred).
Wilfrid Israel devoted a major pornon of his time to the preliminary
selection and indoctrination of cand-idices for the trip. He visited those
living in Residence Forde in Caldas amc Ericeira, outside Lisbon. He called
on the various prisons in Portugal m^'hfre those not yet 'legalized' were
housed. Conditions in Spain were enm more complicated, because no
Jewish rescue Organization had offidaJ j:^tu5 in that country. All contacts
had to take place on a private basii, r>sfudo-'secretly'.
Every free hour between official apipoinnnents and negotiations in both
countries was utilized to establish a irejidonship of confidence and trust
between Wilfrid Israel and his indi^iidinl wards, particularly the younger
ones among them. This helped to darrh daeir minds as to Palestine as their
eventual goal. Wilfrid Israel promoted tie formation of study groups under
self-chosen leaders. He assisted in the drafting of programmes for further
studies and tried to procure the necessEjr üterar)' material. The advisability
of forming Hachshara (occupational irtraining) groups was considered.
Wilfrid Israel promised to elicit suppor. in London for the establishment
of a 'Palesune Office' in Lisbon to cocarcinate these promising beginnings.
The second aspect of Wilfrid IsraeT's work while in Portugal and Spain
was, if possible, to open up Channels ior the escape of Jewish survivors in
Nazi occupied territories. Highest praoiin- was to be given to youths in
hiding. Wilfrid Israel had several comierences in this regard with Quakers
and Unitarians. He negotiated widi dae Swiss Legation in Lisbon. He also
had a meeting with the League of NaQois Commissioner, Carl Burckhardt.
As far as fact-finding goes, the results of Wilfrid Israel's trip were promis-
ing. He secured a berüi on Tlight 777^ scheduled to leave Lisbon on
June 1, 1943. Wilfrid Israel boarded che plane 'Ibis' together with twelve
other passengers, among them the acmr Leslie Howard. Midway over the
TSee the reporuge compiled under the aborr mk bv lan Colvin, London, 1957. A chapter
with the heading 'The Jendsh Agent', pp. 117 fi. is devoted to Wilfrid Israel. The
sy-mpathetic attitude is commendable, bm araccacnis nothing but a condensation of
culogies contained in the printed book -WHlfiid Israel', London, 1944. Moreover, it is
not free from minor misinterprctations. As «d xhc major question — why the unarmed
airüner was shot down unexpectedly — Cahiz oo the last and 204th page seems to
subscribe to 'the insunt assumption that ibe Iba had bcen . . . shot down deliberately in
mistake for Churchills plane', on the laaer'» aninii from his North African Conferences.
256
H. G. Rassner
Bay of Biscay, the plane was attacked M ihc Nazi Luftwaffe. It was shot
down. All lives were lost. Prime MiniÄcr Churchill expressed *a painful
shock' when he leamed 'what had happened lo others in the inscrutable
workings of fate'.
\Ve must abide by that fate and supprcss the never ending feeling of
sadness at the loss of a personal friend and comrade. We have tried to
re-draw the visible surface of this nucn's character and public actions,
praying that his gentle soul may, in deaith, have found the bliss of peace
which life had withheld from him: Wim he could know that his supreme
sacrifice was not in vain.
On February 1, 1944, the Portuguese liner 'Nyausi', cam-ing about 750 European Jewish
Refugees from Lisbon, steamed into Haifa hxrboar. She was the first neutral vessel to
cross the Mediterranean after the reopening ci: inc sea-lane, the first also to arrive in
Haifa since 1940. She carried the largest numiber of Refugees to reach Palestine in a
group directly from Europe in war-tirae. Xücr ianding formalities corapleted, the
immigrants arranged a collection among themsdves to inscribe the name of Wilfrid
Israel in the Golden Book of the Jewish Natiomal Fund.
Dr. Chaim Weizmann and Miss Henrietta StokL. sKronded bv the Rt. Hon. Lord Melchett
and other personal friends, sponsored, in Lbc name of Children and Youth Aliyah, the
crection of a Wilfrid Israel Hostel in the rhftnpcas \-iIlage of Ben Shemen.
The collective settlement of his friends at Kibatuiz Hazorea received, through the Instru-
ment of his will, the bequest of what remaisiec of Wilfrid Israel's collection of Asian
Art, plus an amount of money for the builduai: of a museum. The 'Wilfrid Israel House
for Oriental Art and Studies' at Kibbutz Hezar-ec was formally opened on June 21, 1951,
and is at present undergoing an expansion. wmich has becn made possible thanks to the
cxx)peration of Wilfrid's brother Herbert.
^
Alt
A Note on the Style
BY EDI
Perh.\ps it is best to begin wi
whose whole Hfework was devoi
bom in 'GaiUon's reach', on A
the old harbour of Hamburg ^\
the Single row of houses. So the i
the Coming and going of sträng
of every description, the boom
high tides, the ship-chandlers v
sions of a sailor's outfit, were ]
form his mind and his imagina:
Furthermore, his father's bu
name of Morris and Company,
after a normal and by no mt
private schools provided for tht
did not aim at a classical scho
interested in literature and mn
in any case, no time for escapes
Ballin was only 17 years old, 1
seven brothers and sisters, had
soon its partner and actual m;i
Ballin was of Jewish origin. "
came from Denmark; other me
and France; professions varieci
definite has been found out
branches. For these reasons ji
guarded, since Albert Ballin w;
his brothers and sisters.
The family does not seem
circles at Hamburg or Altona,
can be directly traced to tht
mental training and religious ;
in later years very seldom seen
very conscious of his Jewishnc
ISRAELS Kl
R.P'S^G
V
(
V
4
LIST
Die Ai^bürgerung
deutscher Staatsangehöriger
1933-45
nach den im Reichsanzeiger
veröffentlichten Listen
Band 2
Namensregister
Herausgegeben von Michael Hepp
Expatriation Lists as Published
in the "Reichsanzeiger"
1933-45
Volume 2
Name Index
Edited by Michael Hepp
K • G • Säur
München • New York • London • Paris 1985
Jacob
witz, Heinz Georg -. Lisi« 46 (mv
Herben Eugen Israel -- Lisie 224
akob Israel — Liste 224 (68)
'rüde Klara Sara - Liste 224 (69)
► Abraham, Ernestine : Liste 66
-► Herrmann, Marianne Sara .
^tc212(59) •
Löwenstein, Hedwig Sara • Listj.
(117)
Anna Josefina -.• Liste 310 (44)
Heidi Berta -♦ Liste 310 (45)
Wilhelm — Liste 310 (43)
Voegtle, Carmen : Liste 332 (78)
lerg — Ansbacher, Johanna Sara •
Jtc219(2)
crg -. Stern, Hedwig Sara : Liste
1(124)
Icrg — Süßkind, Rosa : Liste 131
18)
Icrg, Anna -.. Liste 127 (67)
|crg, Arthur -. Liste 50 (44)
rrg, Else Sara — Liste 112 (45)
rrg, Ernesune -•> Liste 50 (43)
!rg, Ernst — Liste 127 (68)
Icrg, Fanni -> Liste 185 (57)
|crg, Flora- Liste 135 (77)
rrg, Gcrson — Liste 135 (76)
:rg, Helmut -♦ Liste 50 (45)
rrg, Hugo- Liste 107(53)
rrg, Kurt Israel — Liste 196 (46)
rrg, Levi — Liste 127 (66)
rrg, Lina Sara — Liste 196 (44)
rrg, Ludwig -.. Isenberg, Levi :
[le 127(66)
rrg, Manfred — Liste 112 (44)
rrg, Norbert -♦ Liste 50 (46)
rrg, Ruth- Liste 135 (78)
rrg, Ruih- Liste 185(58)
rrg, Saiii— Liste 185 (56)
rrg, Sally- üste 50 (10)
rrg, Siegfried Israel — Liste 258
rrg, Simon Israel — Liste 196 (43)
rrg, Werner Israel — Liste 196
)
irg — Zuns, Helene Sara : Liste
(125)
irg, Gertrud Sara — Liste 236 (14)
»rg, Julius Israel — Liste 236 (13)
»rg, Liselotte Sara — Liste 236
)
jrg, Lucie Sara — Liste 236 (15)
irg, Max Israel — Liste 236 (16)
irg- Virstein, Ernst, Prinz von
iLisie 195 (45)
lern, Hildegard - Liste 55 (44)
lein, Kurt Harald - Liste 55 (11)
)al, Fritz Israel - üste 147 (81)
Konsunze — Liste 281 (34)
Martin- Liste 281 (35)
Sebastian — Liste 281 (33)
iHerbert Johannes — Liste 96 (49)
Ida Bertha — Liste 96 (50)
Kurt Arnold — Liste 96 (51)
Ijert, Minna Dora Annie — Liste 96
(52)
Isert, Ursula - Liste 96 (53)
Isidor -^ Haas, Isaak : Liste 63 (33)
Isner, Babcite - Liste 252 (12)
Isner, Bella Sara - Liste 252 (13)
Isner, Emil Israel — Liste 23 1 (79)
Jjner, Hedwig Sara — Liste 231 (80)
Isner, Justin Israel — Liste 252 (1 1)
Isner, Ruth Erika Sara — Liste 252 (14)
Israel -*> Bauer, Beate : Liste 126 (14)
Israel -*> Berlin, Erna : Liste 141 (19)
jifji^l ^ Bloch, Sara Else : Liste 161
(15)
Israel -♦ Erlanger, Melanie : Liste 135
(24)
Israel -*■ Glaser, Margarete : Liste 136
(21)
Israel -* Jacobi, Lina Sara : Liste 248
(87)
Israel -*' Jacobson, Erna Sara : Liste 226
(78)
Israel — Leyersohn, Betti : Liste 154
(94)
Israel -> Metz, Grete : Liste 178 (74)
Israel — Pappenheimer, Hilde : Liste
149(116)
Israel — Rehan, Gertrud Antonie : Liste
164 (105)
Israel — Samuel, Karoline Sara : Liste
250(121)
Israel — Victor, Erna Sofie : Liste 104
(119) .
Israel — Wachsner, Gerda : Liste 170
(142)
Israel, Anna Johanna — Liste 329 (47)
Israel, Bella - Liste 87 (16)
Israel, Egon Simon — Liste 39 (12)
Israel, Else- Liste 113 (38)
Israel, Erich — Liste 210 (70)
Israel, Ernst— Liste 113 (41)
Israel, Ernst Israel — Liste 254 (34)
Israel, Ernst Walter - Liste 90 (57)
Israel, Eugen — Liste 90 (59)
Israel, Felix - Liste 122 (59)
Israel, Hans Karl Wilhelm - Liste 145
(55)
Israel, Hans Raphael - Liste 186 (48)
Israel, Heinz — Liste 113 (40)
Israel, Hildegard Sara — Liste 149 (75)
Israel, Ida- Liste 186 (49)
Israel, Ilse- üste 113 (39)
Israel, Isidor— üste 112 (46)
Israel, Kun Hermann Erich — üste 329
(46)
Israel, Leo- üste 110 (55)
Israel. Ulli Sara - üste 240 (83)
Israel, Ludwig - üste 68 (22)
Israel, Manfred Israel - üste 149 (76)
Israel, Margot Sara Johanna — Liste
254 (35)
Israel, Marjana Sara - üste 254 (36)
Israel, Max- üste 113 (37)
Israel, Max Israel — üste 240 (82)
Israel, Moritz — üste 87 (15)
Israel, Rosa - üste 90 (58)
Israel, Ruth - üste 90 (60)
Israel, Ruth- üste 113 (42)
Israel, Sara — üste 210 (68)
Israel, Senu - üste 112 (47)
Israel, Siegfried — üste 329 (48)
Israel, Sigismund Israel — üste 149
(74)
Israel, Steffi-Rosa — üste 122 (60)
Israel, Walter - üste 210 (69)
Israel, Wilfried Israel — Liste 254 (37)
Israelowiiz — Wachsmann, Frieda
Sara: üste 180(153)
Israels — Cahn, Emilie : üste 34 (1)
Israels, Arnold — üste 40 (11)
Israels, Edith — Liste 40 (36)
Israels, Edith Lore Luise — Liste 40 (37)
Israels, Louis Meenhard Peter — üste
- 40(38)
Israelski — Bertenthal, Rifka : üste 72
(69)
Israelski — Herrmanns, Emmy : üste
51 (47)
Israelski — Hirsch, Margot Sara : üste
180(46)
Israelski — üepmann, Dorothea Sara :
üste 236 (168)
Israelski, Arthur — üste 57 (46)
Israelski, Benjamin — üste 57 (11)
Israelski, Julius — üste 57 (45)
Israelski, Martin — üste 46 (14)
Israelski, Minna — üste 57 (44)
Israelski, Senu Vera Caecilie Sara
I — Liste 226 (76)
Israelski, Werner Julius Israel — üste
226 (75)
Israelsky, Jakob — üste 140 (29)
Jsraelsky, Lora — üste 140 (30)
Isselblcher — Straus, Johanna Sara :
üste 256 (148)
Isselblcher, Wolf Fred - üste 165 (42)
luliener — Michaelis, Marie Elisabeth
Sara: üste 210 (114)
luljener, Claude Amould — üste 44
(39)
luljener, Sibilla — üste 44 (38)
Italiener, Siegfried — üste 44 (12)
Iten — Bernhard, Sophie : üste 355
(12)
Itu, Eugen — üste 320 (22)
Ittelberger, Herbert— üste 125 (67)
Itzig — Schmul, Edith Sara : üste 183
(126)
Itzig, Herta — üste 36 (38)
Itzig, Rosa — üste 36 (37)
Itzig, Salomon — üste 36 (13)
Itzig, Siegfried — üste 36 (39)
Izbicki — Rosenfelder, Vera : üste 1 1
(77)
Izbicki, Gladys — Liste 120 (70)
Izbicki, Jaques — üste 120 (69)
J
Jablonowski — Wolff, Alice : üste 107
(131)
Jablonska — Funke, Erna Rosa Sara :
üste 241 (21)
Jablonski, Ernst Leopold — üste 116
(98)
Jablonski, Manfried — üste 209 (59)
Jablonsky — Herrmann, Margarete
Sara : üste 232 (38)
Jablonsky, Bruno — Liste 89 (47)
Jablonsky, Charlotte Rosa — Liste 114
(40)
Jablonsky, Dina Sara — üste 187 (56)
Jablonsky, Kurt Israel — üste 187 (55)
Jablonsky, Ruth Margot Sara — üste
187(57)
Jaccard — Albig, Madeleine : üste 281
(2)
Jaccard — Stein, Suzanne Louise : Liste
310(89)
Jachmann, Alfred — üste 89 (43)
Jachmann, Erna — üste 196 (42)
Jachmann, Erna Helene Auguste
— üste 160 (60)
Jachmann, Eva Auguste Marianne
— üste 160 (61)
Jachmann, Gertrud — üste 89 (44)
Jachmann, Leo Louis Israel — Liste 196
(41)
Jachmann, Martin Israel — üste 160
(59)
Jacks — Joseph, Therese Sara : üste
229(61)
Jacks, Carol — üste 132 (59)
Jacks, Fanny — üste 132 (58)
Jacks, Günter - üste 132 (57)
Jacks, Heinz Israel — üste 170 (68)
Jacks, Hermann Israel — üste 170 (65)
Jacks, Martha Sara — üste 170 (66)
Jacka, Sara — üste 170 (67)
Jacks. Tom Peter - üste 132 (60)
Jackson, David Hirsch Hugo— üste 1 1
(14)
Jacob — Bermann, Hertha Lucie Elise :
üste 138 (22)
Jacob — Friedlander, Martha Clemen-
tine Leopoldine Augusu : üste 238
(14)
Jacob — Goldberger, Erna Dorothea
Sara: üste 220(71)
Jacob — Hirschfcld, Anna Chrisuana :
üste 218 (40)
Jacob — Jacob, Emilie Sara : üste 190
(43)
Jacob — Kau, Mane Grete Sara : Liste
178 (47)
Jacob — Loewenthal, Johanna Küthe :
üste 131 (55)
Jacob — Tiefenthal, Helene Sara : üste
150(124)
Jacob - Wolff, Sara Hertha : üste 142
(157)
Jacob, Anette Sara — Liste 141 (84)
Jacob, Arthur — Liste 120 (71)
Jacob, Benno Israel — üste 256 (27)
Jacob, Edith Thea - üste 40 (39)
Jacob, Else — Liste 50 (47)
Jacob, Emil — üste 50 (12)
Jacob, Emilie Sara — Liste 190 (43)
Jacob, Emil Israel — Liste 190 (42)
Jacob, Ernst— Liste 136 (58)
137
z'
ZEMPELBURG
GSU 1,194,904 fllmed in Warsaw 1984. URZAD STANU CYWILNEGO S EP OLN 0 ,
Ksiega Akr Urodzenla rok 1875
-1-
#7
#14
# 37
# 81
# 94
# 131
# 142
#150
SALLY BUKOFZER, b.6 Jan 1875 5PM, son of JAKOB and REBECCA (WOLFEN) B.
Ja n 18ZS - dainnerchant and'6omeo;^er~GA MN IE L
iffit tB^GER) '
LINA WERNER on 10 Mar 1875 dau of butcher and homeowner NATHAN WERNER
and FRITZE (BUKOFZER)
ELISAS BERGER on 7 July 1875 son merchant BARUCH JACOB BERGER and
LINA (LEWINSKl)
MARIE ISRAELSKI on 6 Aug 1875 daughter of merchant HIRSCH I5RAELSKI
and DORIS (COHN)
CRONER: 57,99,14£|
SELIG ISRAELSKI on 12 Nov 1875, son of SIMON ISRAELSKI
and Smm (LATTAU?)
ROSALIE BLUHM on 9 Dec 1875 dau merchant ALEXANDER BLUHM
and BLUHME(FLATAUER)
stlllbom boy FLATAUER on 27 Dec 1875, son of glazier and Gastwirth
SIMON FIATAUER and REBECCA (MARGONINER)
MARRIAGES: (in Zempelburg Kreis Flatow)
# 27
on 4 Oct 1875 merchant MOSES ISRAET.SKT, 25 years, son ofABRAHAM
TSRAET5!KT (in Zempelburg) and PAULINE (TUCHLER(
married LINA BRASCH, daudf Merchant HIRSCH BRASCH
and bis wife DOROTHEA (HEYMANN)
witnesses: EDUARD BEJACH, Krämer, 66, res. of Zbg
and Volk sanwalt(?) CASPAR HAMMERSTEIN, 63, of Zbg.
DEATHS 1875:
#17
MENDEL BUKOFZER, merchant in Zbg, reports that FRIED MANN BUKOFZER,
75, husband of HINDEL (JOSEPHSOHN) B. ,son of MOSES BUKOFZER and
MACHELE (KAMNITZER) died in hls home on 20 Feb 1875
#19
# 22
REBECC
merchant and homeowner, reports the death of
4- days old, on27 Feb 1875. Daughter of his and of
RAJHir(Rahel) (BERGER)t-~ note: his name Is correctly GABRIEL G.
GAMNIEL GABRIELSKI reoirts that HEIMANN/GABRIELSKI. 1 vear and 2 months
old, died 8 Mar 1875. His son and that of his late wife FRITZE (GRÜNAUER)
child was recorded as HEIMANN GRÜNAUER, because the parents were not
"gerichtlich" getraut (no civil marriage perf ormed) . (!)
GSU 1,19 4,904 (conünued)
DEATHS 1877:
ZEMPELBURG -5-
:[:g^ELski
#2
#11
# 44
# 55
# 113
#124
# 135
JACOB BERGER, age 2 months, on 2 Jan 1877, san of JUDA JACOB BERGER
and ROSA BERGER)
on o2 Jan 1877 ITZIG TODTENKO PF, son of DAVID and DORA (BRASCH) T.
on 1 Apr 18 7 7^ALLY ISRAELSKI, 2 years, 10 months, son of merchant HIRSCH
,JSRAELSKI and DORE (COHN)
on 24 Apr 1877 RICKA FLATAUER, daucjhter of GasTv/irth SIMON and REBECKA
(MARGOLINER) FLATAUER,
On 11 Oct 1877, ADOLPH BUKOFZER, 4 months, U days, son of JACOB
and REBECKA (WOLF) BUKOFZER, res. of Zbg.
Ch 26 Nov 1877 ARON TODTENKOPF, 37 years, son of LEISER and PAUUNE
(BECKER) TODTENKOPF. was Single.
on 17 Dec 1877 FLORE NEUMANN, 13 years 8 months, dau of NACHMANN
NEUMANN and REBEKKA (LESS) N .
BIRTHS 1878:
# 9
#13
# 16
# 49
# 87
28 Jan 13 78 CIEREL NEU MANN , dau ALEXANDER NEUMANN and
FRITZE (JACOBUS\ Zbg.
on 30 Jan 1878 ADOLF TODTENKOPF, son of DAVID and DORE (BRASCH)
on4 Feb 1878 JJAmA GABRIELSKI, dau ofjSAmiEL and RAHLE (BERGER) G,
on 20 Jan 1878 PAUUNE TODTENKOPF, dau SIMON and BERTHA (LEWINSKY)T.|
on 28 Aug 1878 LEO BLUHM, son of merchant ARON BLUHM and ERNESTINE
(HERRMANN)
J/IARRIAGES 1878:
# 10
on 2 May 1878 the glazier MOSES LEWINSKI b. 28 June 1852 In Zbg, son of me|
chant ITZIG LEWINSKI and ESTHER (FREUNDLICH) who live in England
OD REBECKA BERGER, b. 9 Oct. 1856 Zbg, dau of merchant ABRAHAM
BERGER and ROSALIE (RIESENBURG) .
# 22
on 10 Dec 1878 merchant MORITZ BR UCKMANN bom 2 July 1847 In Zbg, son
of mBrchant JAKOB BRÜCKMANN and HINDE BR.
OD PAULA HEYMANN, b.,28 Jan 1856 Zbg, dau of the late merchant JOACHIM
HEYMANN and JETTE (BRIJCKMANN. one witness MEYER BR UCKMANN, 50 yrsj
old, of Zempelburg. (possibly father of the groom)
GSU 1,194,904 (end)
DEATHS 1878:
ZEMPELBURG -6-
TSPAasi^i
#1
# 22
on 2 Jan 1878 ERNESTINE BUKOFZER, 6 weeks old, dau merchant MENDEL
BUKOFZER and JEANETTE (BOAS) .
on 28 March 1878 FEINE BECKER, 70 years, born Schubin, reported by
merchant DAVID TODTENKOPF.
GSU 1,194 905 (filmed Warsaw 1984)
BIRTHS 1879:
#7
#14
#30
# 54
# 64
# 66
#105
#106
SALLY ISRAET.SKT nn 8 Jan 1879, son merchant HIRSCH ISRAELSKI and
DORIS (COHN)
JONAS BUKOFZER 19 Jan 1879 , snn MENDEL and JEANETTE (BOAS) BUKOFZER)
26 Feb 1879 EMMA BERGER, dau Cigarren JULIUS BERGER and TAUBINE (GABBE)
27 Apr 1879 OTTO FLATAUER, son Gastwirt SIMON FLl and REBECKA (MARGONIlJ
ER)
22 May 1879 ADOLPH LEWINSKI, son Glazier MORITZ L. AND REBECKA (BERGER
26 May 1879 IDA FUCHS, dau of tialor MORITZ FUCHS and ROSALIE (GABRIELS J
7 Sept 1879 ISIDOR BERGER, son of merchant BARUCH BERGER and BLUME
(LEWINSKI)
14 Sep 1879 FRANZISKA BERGER, dau of Fuhrmann JACOB BERGER and JOHANNA
LEWINSKI)
# 118 9 Oct 1879 HERRI BRÜCKMANN , son of merchant MORITZ BRÜCKMANN and
PAULA (HEYMANN)
#147 24 Dec 1879 JULIUS BLUHM, son of Kfm ARON BLUHM and ERNESTINE
(HERR MANN)
MARRIAGES 1879:
#13
#17
20 Apr 1879 merchant JACOB LEWINSKI b. 4 Jan 1818 (!) in Zbg, son of the
late SIMON and BEILE LEWINSKI, GD PAULA HEIMANN, b. 24 Feb 1837 Zbg,
dau the late merchant WOLF and TAUBINE (HEIMANN) HEIMANN, one witness
was BARUCH BERGER, age 69.
2 June 1879 Dr. med, Praktischer Arzt NATHAN MEYER (JUDAS), b. 11 March
1843 in' Hansfelde/ Filehne, residing in Berlin, son of the late Mt MEYER
JUDAS and FRUMECHT (Fromet) (HIRSCH) JUDAS,
GD MALE BRÜCKMANN, b.Jan. 1849 Zbg, dau of WOLF BRÜJCKMANN and
RAHEL (FALK), one witness: WOLFF BRÜJCKMANN, age 69. in Zbg.
Il
GSU 1,194, 905(conünued)
DEATHS 1879:
ZEMPELBURG
-7-
TSIA^K
#4
# 42
12 Jan 1879 ALEXANDER KRONER , 99 years, reported by Alexander Kroner
(grandson?) bom in Zbg.
31 July 1879 LEISER TODTENKOPF, 90, bom Zbg, father o JACOB T, , reportei
BIRTHS 1880:
#18
#55
#78
#116
2 Feb 1880 FRITZE GABRIELSKI, dau GABRIEL G. and ROSALIE (BERGER)
(Croner # 20)|
22 Apr 1880 ROSA LEHMANN, dau LEISER LEHMANN and ERNESTINE (BERGER)
27 July 1880 GUSTAV ISRAELSKI, son HIRSCH ISRAELSKI and PORE (COHN)
14 Nov 1880 LEO TODTENKOPF son of Mt SIMON T. and REBECKA (LEWINSKI)
(Leo changed his name to KOPF 23 Aug 1909)
# 124 20 Dec 1880 HENRIETTE BUKOFZER, dau Mt MENDEL BUKOFZER and JEANETTE]
(BOAS)
MARRIAGES 1880:
#15
#21
#23
II
on 25 May 1880 a weddlng at whlch MORITZ BRUCKMANN, 32 years old,
was a witness.
a Ca mnitzer wedding, see p.
on 31 August 1880 HERMANN BERGER, bom 1857 Zbg, son of MARCUS BERGER
(in England) and his wife MARIE BERGER, born in Haschke (?)
OD, MINNA GROSS, b. 26 May 1855 Zbg, dau Mt SALOMON GROSS and
PAULINE GROSS, both in Zbg. (apparently Marie Berger also in Zbg)
DEATHS 1880:
# 36
#46
# 71
# 76
10 May 1880 TAMRE GABRIELSKI, geb. LEVIN, 70 years old, bom Preussisch
Friedland, lived in Zbg, reported by son-in-law MORITZ BEHR, tailcar,
on 22 June 1880 FISCHEL BLUHM, 80 years old, native of Zbg,
reported by his son ALEXANDER, merchant,
(Croner #68)
on 5 Oct 1880 MAX BERGER, son of merchant BARUCH BERGER, 15 years old,
reported by JUDA BERGER, dealer, relationshlp not recorded, maybe grand-
father or uncle,
on 18 Oct 1880 CAHN MARGONINER, 90 years old, bom and d, in Zbg,
reported by Glaser und Gastwirth SIMON FLATAUER (his son-in-law).
ZEMPELBURG -10-
«
s
GSU l,194,905(conUnued)
DEATHS 1882:
XSRAta^i^l
#10
# 34
13 Feb 1882 GABRIEL GABRIELSKI, 46, husband of RAHLE BERGER,
in Zempelburg. reported by MOSES BERGER (father-in-law)
Thls entry has the signature of MOSES BERG ER,
on 20 Apr 1882 a stlllborn glrl, dau of merchant ALEXANDER BLUHM
and PAULINE (FLATAUER) in Zbg.
GSU 1,194 906 (These records are in WAP Bydgoszcz)
BIRTHS 1883:
# 33
# 97
# 99
#111
# 120
on 2 Apr 1883 FRANZISKA TODTENKOPF, dau of merchant SIMON T. and
HERTHA (LEWINSKI)
(Jeruchim In Zbg,
on 4 Oct 1883 ISIDOR HEYMANN, son of Händler Tuchler in Zbg)
MARKUS HEYMANN and JOHANNA (BERGER)
on 2 Oct 1883 HERTA NEUMANN, dau LESSER NEUMANN and JETTE
(KONITZER) NEUMANN.
22 Nov 1883 LEO BERGER, son of merchant HERMANN BERGER and MINNA
(GROSS)
20 Dec 1883 LEO TODTENKOPF, son of DAVID, merchant, and DOROTHEA
(BRASCH)
) no marrlages .
DEATHS 1883:
# 6
# 16
#17
# 21
# 44
# 75
6 Feb 18 8 3 TAUBE HEYMANN, 70 years, wife of the late merchant
WOLF HEYMANN, maidenname LEWINSKI. reported by
JAKOB LEWINSKI, merchant. (her son-in-law or brother.
8 March 1883 EVA BERG ER, 4 months, dau of merchant JUDA BERGER
and ROSA (LEHMANN) .
12 March 1883 GRETHE BOAS, 6 months, dau merchant HERMANN BOAS
and PAULINE (TUCHLER)
24 March 1883 ABRAHAM ISRAELSKI. 59 years, husband of THERESE (BRASCH)
and brother of the merchant. HIRSCH ISRAELSKI (the reporter) ,
' Sept 1883 FRANZISKA TODTENKOPF ,5 mos, dau SIMON & BERTHA T.(abov(
29 Dec 1883 stillborn dau of merchant JUDA BERGER and ROSA (LEHMANN) .
end of ZEMPELBURG Civil Standsregister at GSU,
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P. 0. BOX 7978
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48107
April 10, 1988
Dear Jim:
-^n #*•. ^
• • *
f ,.
( •
- •• Got your surprlse letter yesterday but was too Üred even to open It
I have been working fullüme ("in an honorary capacity") as the genealogist '
singularly capable and eager to look Into the past of a number of Jewlsh pioneer
mer chant famllles of Eastem Wisconsin, distantly related to me and Mghly In-
teresüng as typical emigrants from Western Germany (1850-70) . This keeps me
very busy, unfortunatly, because I find TOO MUCH materlal, rather than not
T u^"^"/ °^ "^^^""^ ^®®P^ ""^ ^^"^ remembering Just about every family name
I ever heard, so I am very much alert to any connections between families whose
n?X' l 'tr '' "".^/^^ ^' r^^ ""^ '^^'^' ^^ ^ "°^ '^^^ the Mormon mlcrofilms
of the BerUn Community for the second time (all 30 reels) , I still find people I
överlooked the first time around, so I don't mlnd copylng any "new" Israerskis
and Israelskys. The enclosed Information was collected mosUy In 1987 I was
prßparing a letter for you.when yours came. So you must have heard me think
tf •
Two stones cometo my mind as I read that you visited Weissenssee. I would ha-e
loved to be witii you then. I dld exacüy the sa-^ie thing in 1978, copying from the '
invaluable card catalog, getting locations of the graves and findlng it touch to
find many of them. However,, I was inWeissensse as a boy almost every year
betweenl933 and 1941, since innumerable of my grandparents' cousins died, and
I was taken along to the funerals. I knew where my relatives were buried so I clid
not need the row markers (all rows had them, but by now most of the markers have ,
by the^ war '^ ^^^'"^ •^''^^^'^' because most of the cemetery re.iained untouche(|
■ ■ ^After returning home in 1978, I made r. determined effort to nrouse those
interested in our heritage in Berlin to get that marvellous card cataloged filmed.
It IS incredible that it has survived the war, given the fierce fighting in Berlin at
the endof the war. It has 120,000 cards or so, with good Information (much more, a<
you know than just the location of a grave) . Two years ago, I wrote to the presi-"
dent of the East Berlin congreg^tion, who is aware of the problem but has of course
no money to do the filming. Now that the East Gorman government is taken a very
positive attitude toward Jews (there being now no more than some 400 in all of the
DDR) it may be possihle to get the government to finance the filining. I shal keep
pusltng. A copy of that film at LBI would do wonders for my research, and even my
own families- records, many of which have no specific Information on the persons
who are relatives ofmine. ' • • i ^*
If you saw the atrocious marble monumen:: which was bullt by banker ASCHR
(it is the blggest on the cemetery and more or less in good shape), you actually
stood next to the graves of my greatgrandparents Richter. Julius Richter bought thei
i^^'^^^S""^^® ^®^°^® any Asqhrott was buried ne.rt to his lot, in 1893, when his son
died. One unsolved mystery is that Julius, Clar^ and Rudolf Richter (the son) have
Spehardic tombsdXKiE plates , a gieat rarity on the cemetory since practica Uy all of
the dead there were Ashkenazim, including of co-irse the Richters. Just why they ,
picked the unusual grave plates I do not know. Nobody eise of the family has them
L
o
t
' f
-2-
Although I was In Weissensse In September 1978 on three different days , I could
take only a few fotos, the weather was bad and wlth a color film, most fotos
had a greenish-grey look, approprlate for tombstones but not good for readlng the
inscripüons. I found at least twenty graves of people I knew at least by name
- but whose location I had never known before. Accidental meetings are a big
help indeed.
ISRAELSKI: I also believe th^y started In Zempelb^org, but of course the name It-
seif suggests that many an Israel may have had a son who manufactured hls family
name by calling himself Israelski, the PoUsh ending suggestlng "son of Israel."
The father's name may not even have been Israel - in which case "Israel" stoo'd
for the Jewish people as a whole, and the son was, agaln, a son of Israel - the
people. Thus there is no way to establish whether in fact all Israelskis were
parts of the same Single family - It is highly unlikely. HOWEVER, I also had
a number of relatives in Schweiz, not far from Zempelburg. Schwetz was the dlstrlct
capital, and quite a number of vlllages within the dlstrlct had relatives of mine.
It is of some interest with regard to economic and social history that nearly all *
of my families who lived in Wes^russia started out in Zempelburg, the largest
Jewish Community in the province, and once the doors opened and Jews could live
^nywhere without needing anybody's permission, ^^empelburg became a ghost town
But instead of settling in Danzig or Berlin, the children of those Zempelburgers
moved to smaller towns and vlllages - Berlin became thelr descendants' home only
in 1920, after the province bepame Polish (again) , and none of the German-minded
and culturally German Jews wanted to stay in the Polish republic (only one or two
branches of any of my families remained, and they were all killed in ]939 by the
Nazis after the Invasion« of Poland., .
■ ■• ••■•■., ■ ■ ..
I will check the list of Israelskis . None of those on the genealogical table ring
- a bell with me. Since I do have an incredible faculty for tetaining names (not facos)
of anyone I ever heard of or met at least once, I can almost unfailingly identify
anyone whose name crops up.
SALMONSOHN: ' '
Bear with me as I te],l you a remarkable story, so typlcal of the fate of
genealogists who miss a lifeüme chance,
. SALOMONSOHN, NATALIE was a greataunt of mine. She was a cousin of n.y father'
«because her father Samuel Kohn was my grandfather Julius Kohn's brother. They had
both moved to Berlin in the 1870s. One day in 1934 or 1935, my father, who was
very family-minded, took me along to visit Tante Natalie in her room in the Old
Age home next to the building in which I went to school 19 34-37 (Grosse Hamburger
Strasse). The famous home also had two other old ladies who wore cousins of my
father's mother (Fabian, of the Richter fatnily), so we mot all tliree. Aunt Natalie
was a widow of many years, without children, bu'. a wall füll of family fotos was
, my greatest surprise. She wap but fifve feet tall, very nice, already then 70+,
and I was overwhelmed by the whole scene. Not Tor one moment dld I think of
Coming back with a camera and to take pictures or all those relatives of hers, mostb,
her parents and grandparents (my greatgreatparents Kohn among them) bocause I was
just 13 or 14, had no camera then, and of course never dreamed that all that family
heritage would be dumped out of the window when she dies. She died just before
I left Berlin in May of 1941, and nothing was savod. A nice of hors told mn - too ]n
-3-
* «'
\
Of course I always thought that her late husband might have been a relative
of the famous and rieh banker Salomonsohn, but apparently thls was not the
case. Natalie apparently did not die in the Old Age home I had vlsited,
but Schulstrasse. 7 8 Is a n address that rings no bell with me. But it could be
that s he was taken to a hospital, and. dled there. My aunt (hew nlece) Anna
visited u s a couple of days after the funeral and told us, and I was so angry
with her because she had claimed none of the family goods she knew her aunt
had. But it is also possÜIble that when they moved Natalie, all her personal goods
were discarded. 50 years later it is just another tragic Situation of so many.
Natalie was born to Samuel Kohn a nd his wlfe Nanny Moses on 13 December 1852
inot on the 30th, in Teplitz (Teplice-Sanov, Bohemia, now CSSR) . Her mother
jwas born 5 January 1833 in Stettin and died in Berlin 11 Nov 1895, which shows that
the family (there were also two sons) was in Berlin at least since 1895, posslbly
since 1871 (the youngest son was born in 1861, still in Teplitz). Samuel had a
clothing störe. There is nobody left of this branch of the Kohns (one granddaugh-
ter was a business school teacher in Berlin with whom I took some ofüce work
courses , not knowing then that she was a cousin of mine) ,
l •
t
Anyhow, her husband was Gustav Salomonsohn (10 Aug 1853 Berlin? - 5 Aug 1923
Berlin. That's all I know. A very likely different family Salomoreohn lived in
j Vandsburg, West Prussla , a litüe place which had apparently an old but small
Jewish congregation ever since Prussia "conquered" West Prussia (1773). Markus
Salomonsohn lived there with his wife Rosa Conitzer (cousin of my mother 's mother)
I They had Auguste (b.l878 in Vahdsburg) , married to a Leo Salomon who died in
■ 1912 in Vandsburg or Berlin, from where Leo was deported in 1942. Also gone with
him his son, another Salomon. Auguste had three brothers Salomonsohn: Arnold,
Max ( soBiewhere in the Rhineland) and Georg. I know nothfng eise. The three
brothers must all have been born between 1880 and 1890.
I think that all the Israelskis living on InvaUdenstrasse were of the same family.
By 1940 or so many had to give up their apartments and Uved in rented rooms in
" Jewish houses" which may account for the fact that the housenumbers are so close
(together: InvaUdenstrasse was one of those Jewish-owned wall-less ghetto streets,
a poor workers' neighborhood. My grandmother, ever so proud of her emancipated
ifamily, never left the westem patt of Berlin to vlsit her "poor" relatives, one reason
why I never met some of the tons of relatives I had aUover Berlin: those living
lln the North or East of Berlin were not socially acceptable to "cur crowd. "
Max and Ida Salomonsohn, husband and wlfe, I thiak, lived at Joachimsthaler**
Strasse 11, only 5 houses from that in which my parents lived before their deporta-
tion in Sept 1942. But then they had died peacefully years earlier.
I can't teil you anything eise. I wonder why all the Israelskis living in the
InvaUdenstrasse died within 2 years///
I am planning to be at the Leo Baeck Institute this Tune, and one of the projects
is to copy all pages relevant tö my own families from the volumes of names of
deportees which you saw already. Posslbly I might find infonnation nevor expected.
it will be a considerable effort since I have over 250 family names, each of at
least one or two, if not many more people who I know or think were deported.
Keep me informed. One never knows what Information comes in handv, now or
lator. . .
Dear John:
ff im Bennett
4« Vitkin St
Haifa Israel
March27, 19««
It^s been a while siace we corresponded, and I^toe been meaning to write to you
about several things, so here foes:
Last month I visited Berlin, includinf Weissensee cemobarj* The woman in the office
let me copy the entire card index for Israelski-sky, Salomonsohn-son . Then I spent
another four hours wanderinf around the vastü cemetary (in the rain). In spite of
having x 73 names with scction and row numbers, I found only about three grayes
before giving up the search. The condition of the place is üeplorable — fallen trees,
bushes, gravestones toppled over, etc. Add to that the fact that the rows are not
numbered, and one doesn't always know from which direction to start counting rows,
moreover there is no niimbering of graves in each row» It was a frustrating
experience,
The enclosed list is the amall success of the visit. Now 1% siarting to sort
out the names and relationships to thexmxzfcai myriad Israelski *s whose data I*ve
collected from many sources^ including the substantial material youWe provioed me«
I have a card index of about 200/Eiml8f Only a small number can be definitely
traced to Zempelburgj tack a larger Proportion can be traced to various W« Prussian
towns, and a small number to Posen prov. towns, mostly in the north of the province«
I still can*t conclude whether there are multiple, unrelated Israelski f amilies
who adopted the name in seperate locations« I would llke to hope the opposite:
that they all come from a Single Zonpelburg source. The key Information could
be the blrthplaces and fathers' names of those who died in Berlin from 15S0 to
about 1900«^the generation bom early in the 19th Century. Notice that most of
them are Israelsky's. I am writing to the Eist Berlin city archives and also
to the West Berlin authorities to %tj to get this infonnation.
I would lik
Sinde mT li
or any
like the
^ to
period
blatt .
issues
John: disregard the above. Let^s see what answers I get from Berlin first«
I recall you systematically searched the BT for Israelski 's, so why repeat the
process) it's too much work to ask of you.
I have discorered a large, widespread Israelski family (chart enclosed) which
might be related to me. At the top of the Chart is Kdn^le Dansiger '^sraelski
who died in Schweti in 1907« No one now living knows anything about the origin
of this family, but certain infoxma ion frcm the Denver branch about relatives
who settled in N. Califoraia in the latter days of the gold rush tallies with
my family in San Francisco. Schweti was only about 40 miles from Z€mJ)elburg,
and I have a hunch that Meier ^sraelsk^ was bom in Zempelburg. Do you
know of anr records available from Schwelm • now in Poland? Do tou know whether
It'8 been a while siBce we corresponded, and l^fce been meaning to write to you
about several things, so here goest
Last month I visited Berlin, including Weissensee cemäbary. The waman in the office
Ict me copy the cntirc card indem for Israelski-sky, Salcmonsohn-son . Then I spent
another four hours wandering around the vastü cemetary (in the rain) . In spite of
having x 73 names with scction and xxw numbers, I found only aoout three graves
before giving up the search. The condition of the place is üeplorable—f allen trees,
bushes, gravestones toppled over, etc. Add to that the fact that the rows are not
numbered^ and one doesnH always know from which direction to start counting rows,
moreover there is no numbering of graves in each row, It was a frustrating
experience,
The enclosed list is the small success of the Visit. Now I^m »iarting to sort
out the names and relationships to thexmxdoal myriad Israelski •s whose data I've
collected from many sources, including the substantial material youWe proviaed me.
I have a card index of about ZOOJßS^H.Onlj a small number can be definitely
traced to Zempelburgj lock a larger Proportion can be traced to various W. Prussian
towns, and a amall number to Posen prov. towns, mostly in the north of the province«
I still can't conclude whether there are multiple, unrelated Israelski f amilies
urtio adopted the name in seperate locations. I would like to hope the opposite:
that they all come from a Single Zempelburg source. The key infoxmation could
be the birthplaces and fathers* names of those who died in Berlin from 1680 to
about 1900— the generation bom early in the 19th Century. Notice that most of
them are Israelsky's. I am writing to the Eist Berlin city archives and also
to the West Berlin authorities to %rj to get this infonnation.
I would lik
Sincje m^ li
or any
like^the ^erlin^^TagÄblatt •
_ to fook aytheXjJT issues
period \ / \_y
John: disregard the above* LetU see what answers 1 get from Berlin first.
I recall you systematically searched the BT for israelski*s, so why repeat the
process; it's too much work to ask of you.
I have discovered a large, widespread Israelski family (chart enclosed) which
might be related to me. At the top of the Chart is Äin^ie Danxiger -^-sraelski
who died in Schweti in 1907. No one now living knows anything about the origin
of this family, but certain infoima ion from the Denver branch about relatives
who settled in N. California in the latter days of the gold rush tallies with
ay family in San Francisco. Schweti was only about 40 miles from Z€mt)elburg,
and I have a hunch that Meier -^sraelsk^ was bom in Zempelburg. Do you
know of any records available from Schwet», now in Poland? Do you know whether
the Hormons have aone any recent microfilming in Posen and W. Prussia?
The matecrial you sent me last year included inforaation about a SABEhSKY famdly
which has no connection to the Israelski »s, but the sourece you cited was
reel#477283 Births, Berlin 1841-3* What period is covered by the Mormon films—
Berlin B*k*D ?
I have such a mass of material that I*m planning to ccmputerixe, starting Jdi
with the Israelskf 's. One criterion will be Berlin adoresses, since I have
B M D info, city directories, deportation data from the Arolsen master card
index etc. I hope that street address correlations will help build family
grouplngs where other data is missing«
I look forward to hearingflrom you again as soon as you can write to me. If
there is anything I can do foi you here at CAhJP, Yad Vashem, etc. let me know.
Sincerely,
•^^^HtLbJc/ - ^S/Ut^ G^Ö3t
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lz%/^ei$Kr Andre-Kurt Dietzgenstr. 11
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Adolf
Strausberger 32
Alexander Gmnwald, Beymestr 7
Alma
Arno
Aron
Benno
Bernhard
Bertha
Bertha
Bertha
Daniel
Qxmia
Waszmanstr 15
Bamimstr 2
Wallnertheat erst r
Golttstr 48
Oranienburgerstr 53
Helmstedterstr 1
Lfitzowstr 49
Chorinerstr 26
Paulsbomerstr 72B
Bayemallee 36
Erna hargarethe - - -
Emestine Zehdenickerstr 15
Esther
Frieda
Strelitzerstr 9
Wiesbaden
Frieda Grunewaldstr 55, Schoneberg
Friederike Elberfeldestr 47
Gedalya
Georg
Beus seist r 72
Wickinger Ufer 2
Gerhard Ervd.n Meuerkoenigstr 6
w
Geburtdatum Todestag Geburtsort Vatersname Muttersname CAm-fr'
3-6-t 956 26-8-1 965 -^fv/'iis^
2«-7-79
11-7-72
11-6-33
11-1-20
18-1t-)»6
9-1-09
19-11-99
22-1-00
21-8-64
10-8-42
28-6-68
lü-8-26
7-8-08
19-12-08
22-4-80
6-6-36
9-7-1 5
9-5-37
X>Ay<i/i.AL>isfi~
30-4-54
23-11-^1
::^f^actny>s S
26-7-79
1-4-38
7-7-77
6-6-38
GLOtfCAWP
29-4-95
7-9-95
10-10-70
12-2-32
20-9-28
12-9-Oü
fk\yK,
15-8-76
28-4-26
SÄrc^xsK.'
9-3-76
6-4-31
Levj'/y
26-3-41
12-12-09
L<i>\^r^ ^tJr^
14-2-79
4-4-26
9-4-51
29-1-32
Hulda
Kopnickerstr 114
12-9-07
17-12-74 5-7-30
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Name
ISh^BL^Kt Julius
n Karl
1% Leopold
^ Louis
•• Lucie
H Marcus
^ Minna
^ Moses
Moses
Nathan
Paula
Rosa
Salomon
*" Samuel
n Samuel
n S€Lmuel
h Sally
f. Sally
'' Selma
ff Selma
" Wolf
I*
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Adresse
Brunnenstr 108
Raabestr 6
Geburtdatm Todesda« Geburtsort Vatersname Äuttersnaae ^>«7r£v/.^^^
24-1-35
7-1-72
Charlottenburg, Kai serdaom 23 28-7-73
Schönhauser Allee 21
Dietspenstr 11
6-3-68
17-3-80
Niederschonhauser K.Kilhelmstr 85 11-5-63
Invalidenstr 154
Vickinger Ufer 2
Mulackstr 21
Thomasiusstr 22
Linienstr 66
Lankwit», Nikoleistr 38
Sebastlanstr 85
Mulackstr 21
Invalidenstr 136
Wranfelstr 6/7
Zehdenickerstr 15
Warsiliusstr 11
15-11-45
Almosenempfanger Weberstr 49 24-12-47
Bischofsburg Ost Preussen
An Der Jannovdtzbrucke 1
1 8-2-56
27-3-71
12-3-84
21-4-45
24-11-77
19-8-43
31-5-70
15-8-73
3-8-80
2-11-67
9-1-56
12-6-68
8-3-48
26-5-02
7-6-21
1 9-5-36
21-6-38
8-1-1972
20-6-22
10-1-95»
30-9-07
26-6-34
25-6-24
6-7-20
2-4-26
15-3-41
21-1-25
7-4-37
7-12-38
1 9-4-07
16-1-29
8-8-29
11-3-31
5-12-15
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Name
Adresse
Israelsky
Abraham
Invalidenstr 133
1«
Adolf
Lindauerstr 8
H
FritB
Invalidenstr 154
k
1
Jacob
Joachim sthalerstr 5
n
Johanna
Bergstr 69
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Lina
Elsasserstr 25
H
Morit«
Lothringerstr 3*
h
Paula
Hackescher Markt 5
Fauline
Sally
Strelitserstr 11
Invalidenstr 153
Geburtdatum Todestag Geburtsort Vatersname jKiuttersnaiue ^^'i^^-ff^/fl/MieL-
/
23-6-76
27-6-76
23-9-53
25-7-50
24-10-02
Siegfried Invalidenstr 151
1 9-6-87
11-2-40
5-1 -8Ö
2-8-34
1 9-7-81
18-10-11
31-5-37
26-8-03
30-3-94
29-6-82
9-6-82
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i'i
98 /«i/f« im orgafiisierten Widerstand
I
Abzugsapparat, den die illegale KPD benutzte."' In der Wohnung des
Apothekers Gymnich entdeckte man 193 5 »technische Einrichtungen«, die
aus der Kölner Parteileitung stammten."^ Als Mischling klassifizierten die
Nationalsozialisten die Ärztin Doris M.,"' die 1935 festgenommen und
vom Volksgerichtshof wegen Vorbereitung zum Hochverrat zu drei Jahren
Zuchthaus verurteilt wurde. Die Gestapo hatte ihre Verbindung zum ille-
galen Parteiapparat aufgedeckt und nachgewiesen, daß ihre Wohnung als
wichtige »Anlaufstelle« diente. Bis Ende 1938 existierte in Dortmund eine
jüdische Jugendgruppe unter der Leitung eines Rabbinersohnes, die den
Gedanken der »Volksfront« aufnahm und in Kontakt mit der örtlichen
KPD-Gruppe stand. Sie übernahm auch die technische Herstellung der
illegalen Zeitschrift » Volks wille«. Die Ausgabe Nr. 4 befaßte sich mit den
Reaktionen aus Dortmund auf die Novemberereignisse von 1938."* Als
»Halbjüdin« stufte die Gestapo die 50jährige parteilose Berta Fuchs ein,"^
die Anfang Januar 1943 im Zuge der Großaktion gegen die KPD gefaßt
wurde."' Seit März 194 1 hatte sie in ihrer Düsseldorfer Wohnung aus den
Niederlanden eingeschleuste Instrukteure aufgenommen. Darüber hinaus
verteilte sie illegales Schrifttum und ein selbstverfaßtes Flugblatt, das die
Überschrift trug: »Hier spricht eine deutsche Arbeiterfrau an die übrige
Welt!« In ihrer Vernehmung bekannte sie sich zu ihrem Tun und gab zu
Protokoll, daß sie »infolge ihrer jüdischen Abstammung immer ein Gegner
des nationalsozialistischen Staates bleiben werde«. Berta Fuchs wurde 1944
hingerichtet."'
Auch in Berlin beteiligten sich Juden in kommunistischen Widerstands-
kreisen. Ende 1935 flog der gesamte illegale Funktionärskreis des Unterbe-
zirks Nordring auf. Er umfaßte 3 3 Personen. I unter zwei Namen stand das
Wort »Jude«. Ein Mitglied wurde als Halbjudc klassifiziert. Als Leiter
wurde Siegfried Loewenstein ermittelt, ein iSjährigcr Kürschner. Im Ge-
stapobericht hieß es: »Durch seine Festnahme ist es gelungen, auch endlich
einmal den Verfasser einer Hetzschrift zu bekommen. L. ist überführt und
geständig, sämtliche Artikel des Organs >Dcr Auswcg< selbst geschrieben
zu haben, und gibt zu, daß >Der Ausweg< in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen -
in einer Auflage von 1000 Stück- hergestellt wurde. Es wurde abwechselnd
auf 2 Produktionsstellen gearbeitet. Für die Verbreitung waren 2 Haupt-
und 5 Nebenverbreitungsstellen eingerichtet. Der Transport wurde von
I Haupt- und 2 Nebenkurieren geleistet. An I land einer hier bestehenden,
mit Fotokopien ausgerüsteten Kartei konnte dem Beschuldigten nachge-
wiesen werden, daß >Der Ausweg< seit März 1934 regelmäßig hergestellt
wurde und zur Verbreitung gelangte. Durch die Aushebung des gesamten
Apparates wurde eine weitere Quelle verstopft, die den Norden Berlins
laufend mit Hetzmaterial überschwemmte. Auch in dieser Sache ist be-
^^
In der KPD 19SJ-19J6 99
zeichnend, daß die festgenommenen jüdischen Personen bei der Herstel-
lung und Verbreitung an erster Stelle gearbeitet haben.« '"
Kurz darauf wurden die Reste der Parteiorganisation in den südlichen
Stadtbezirken ausgehoben. Die Gestapo stieß auf die Leiterin Margarete
Kaufmann. Fast zwei Jahre wurde sie qualvollen Verhören unterworfen.
Das Urteil lautete im April 1938 auf 1 5 Jahre Zuchthaus; die letzte Eintra-
gung in ihrer Justizakte: »Margarete Kaufmann ist am 21. Dezember 1942,
18.13 Uhr, an den Herrn Reichsführer der SS übergeben worden.«"* 150
Mitglieder wurden 1936 gefaßt, als die Gruppe Prenzlauer Berg zerschla-
gen wurde: acht wiesen eine jüdische Herkunft auf.'" Unter den Verhaftc-
J ten des Unterbezirks Schöneberg befand sich Rudolf Israelski, der in die-
sem Stadtteil den illegalen Parteiapparat mit aufgebaut hatte. Der Volksge-
richtshof bestrafte ihn im November 1937 mit zwölf Jahren Zuchthaus. In
der Urteilsbegründung hieß es:
»Der Angeklagte hat durch seine illegale Arbeit nicht nur [die] innere
Ruhe ganz allgemein gefährdet, sondern dadurch, daß er sich auch mit der
kommunistischen Zersetzung der Wehrmacht befaßte, auch die Abwehr-
kräfte des Staates gegen innere und äußere Feinde zu schwächen versucht,
um den jüdisch-marxistischen, volks-, kultur- und staatszerstörenden Be-
strebungen des Kommunismus zum Siege zu verhelfen. Und zwar begann
er mit dieser Tätigkeit und setzte sie in steigendem Maße fort zu einer Zeit -
Anfang 1934 bis Anfang 1936-, als das deutsche Volk in seiner überwälti-
genden Mehrheit in vielfachen Wahlkundgebungen seinen Willen zum Na-
tionalsozialismus und seine Gegnerschaft gegen den Kommunismus ein-
deutig zum Ausdruck gebracht hatte. Der Angeklagte hat diesen Willen des
deutschen Volkes nicht geachtet und das Seine getan, um den rasse- und
volksfremden Bestrebungen des internationalen Kommunismus, die ihm
als Juden näher lagen, zum Siege zu verhelfen und sie dem deutschen Volke
aufzuzwingen. Er stempelte sich dadurch selbst zum Volksfeind. Es
kommt weiter erschwerend hinzu, daß der Angeklagte auch in der Haupt-
verhandlung nicht rückhaltlos geständig gewesen ist, sondern offenbar be-
müht war, seine Tätigkeit nach Möglichkeit gering erscheinen zu lassen,
Zusammenhänge zu verschleiern und Mitarbeiter zu decken.« Das Urteil
schloß mit den Sätzen: »Als Jude genoß der Angeklagte Gastrecht in
Deutschland. Er hat dieses Gastrecht in schwerster Weise verletzt und han-
delte dadurch ehrlos. Der Senat hat ihm daher die bürgerlichen Ehren-
rechte auf die Dauer von zehn Jahren aberkannt.« "^ Es verstand sich von
selbst, daß der Rektor der Frankfurter Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universi-
tät dem Musikwissenschaftler unverzüglich den einst envorbenen Doktor-
grad aberkannte. Als sich Ende 1942 in der Haft der Gesundheitszustand
Israelskis verschlechterte, wollte die Gefängnisverwaltung ihn von Hameln
KONITZ
KOOK
THE UNIVERSAL JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
U/OLf
[448]
-<T»J^^<»iVi-».-
KONITZ AFFAIR, a ritual murder accusation
against thc Jcws bascd on a baffling murder of a lad
in Koniiz, West Prussia, in 1900 to 1901. A nineteen-
year-old dissoluie Student, Ernst Winter, disappeared
on March 11, 1900, and between March I5th and
April I5th parts of bis mutilated body were found
in different places. A local doctor who examined the
portions of the body dcclared that all thc blood had
becn drained from the body by cutting the blood
vessels of the neck and that someone skilled in anat-
omy had dismcmbcrcd the body. Suspicion was first
Uirccted against a Christian butcher naiilHlf HofTmann,
whose daughter had been fricndly with the slain Stu-
dent and whose family objcctcd to their relationship.
The circumstanccs of the murder were immcdiately
seizcd upon by the anti-Scmites, who spread the rumor
that the Jews had murdcred Winter. In May, 1900,
thc anti-Semitic Staatsbürgerzeitung of Berlin charged
that the authorities were intentionally shielding the
Jews; in reality, however, the feverish activity displayed
in Order to fasten the allegcd ritual murder upon the
Jews rendered it almost impossible to obtain any real
clues.
To force the hands of the authorities, the anti-
Semitic partics stagcd riots during June. 1900; these
spread to the ncighboring touTis of Tuchel, Komar-
czyn, Prechlau, Boldenburg, Stolp and Bütow, where
homes and places of business owned by Jews were
stoned and the synagogue destroycd. These excesses
were quelled through drasric action by the military
authorities; the scntenccs mctcd out to the instigators
of these riots were insignÜicanL However, the govern-
ment announced a reward of 20.000 marks for the
apprehcnsion of the murdcrer, and scnt a magistrate
to Konitz to Stern the continuous nimors that a ritual
murder had been committcd.
In the mcantime. a Ie\\'ish agent. Wolf Israelski, was
arrested and charged with bcing an accomplice in the
murder. After languishing in jaü for sevcral months,
he was brought to trial on September 8, 1900, and
acquitted. The crime was in due course fastened on
a Jewish butcher, Adolph LeuT, and his son Moritz
on the strength of information fumished by one Mass-
loff, his wife and two other women. Their evidence
was so contradictory that the examining magistrate
sentenced Massloff and one of the women to prison for
perjur3^ Neverthelcss, Moritz Lewy was sentenced to
four years in the penitentiar}'^ for perjury in February,
1901; he was pardoned by the emperor in October,
1903-
As a result of a professional investigation by the
medical authorides of Danzig in September, 1901, a
report was issued stating that Winter's death had been
caused by Strangulation and that his throat had been
cut after the body had been disjointed with the object
of hiding it more easily. They found the lungs füll
of blood, thus exploding the ritual murder charge.
The State board of health confirmed this in January,
1902; in June the Superior Court at Marien werder
dismissed the appeal of Winter's father and with it
the accusation of ritual murder against the Jews. The
actual murderer was never apprehended, and the mat-
ter still rcmains an unsolved mystery.
IsAAc Lewin.
Lit,: Der Prozc<< Riegen Moritz Lewy (1900): Der
Prozess gegen Masloff (1901); Jewish Encyclopedia, vol
PP- 552-55; Mitietlttngen aus dem Verein zur Befiämpjun
des Antisemitismus, 1900 et seq.; Der Blutmord in Kon t^
mit Streiflichtern auf die staatsrechtliche Stellung der lud "
im deutschen Reich mit einem VorufQ^\ von Liebermann v
Sonnenberg (1901).
__ '
KONT, IGNAC, litcrary historian, b. Tct, Hun-
gary, 1856; d. Paris, 1912. His first studies, at thc
Univcrsities of Vienna and Pest, were devotcd to
classical philology. He then went to Paris to study
modern languages and their literatures. Unable to cct
. a tcacher's job in Hungary, he scttlcd in France, whcrc'
he taught in various Colleges, at first in the provinces
and from 1892 on in Paris. A graduate of thc Sor-
bonne, he lecturcd at that university on Hungarian
language and literature. Kont published sevcral works
to acquaint the French and Gcrman public with Hun-
garian literature and Hungary's contributions to thc
arts and sciences. Among these are: La Hongrie ///.
teraire et scientifique (1896); Histoire de la litterature.
hongroise (1900); t.ttides sur Vinjitience de la littera-
ture fratJfaise en Hongrie (1902); Litterature hon-
grotse d'aujotird'hui (1908); Geschichte der ungar-
i sehen Literatur (1908). Bibliographie jrangaise de la
Hongrie 1^21-igio (published after his dcath, 19 13)
is a bibliography of French publications relative to
Hungar>'. He wrote also Lessing et I'Antiquite. Two
of his books were crowned by the French Acadcmv.
KONTI, ISIDORE, sculptor, b. Vienna, 1S62; d.
Yonkers, N. Y., 193S. He received his early rraining
at the Imperial Academy, winning sevcral scholarships.
He came to the United States in 1S90, and did much
decorative and monumental work for thc Chicago
Exposition in 1893, and was awardcd a gold mcdal
at the St. Louis Exposidon in 1904, Hc cxcaitcd
numcrous mcmorial statues and sculptures for various
expositions and governmental buildings, among which
are Genius of Irjimortality, in the Metropolitan Mu-
seum of New York, and a mcmorial to Bishop Pottcr
at St. John*s Cathedral. Konri is reprcscntcd at the
National Museum of Art and at the Corcoran Gallcrv
at Washington. He also cxecutcd the commemorative
mcdal of the 250th anniversary, in 1905, of thc landing
of the Jews in America, and a group for the Sesqui-
centennial Exposition at Philadelphia.
Lit.: Taft, The History of American Sculpture (1924)
548.
KOOK, ABRAHAM ISAAC, first chief rabbi of
Palcsdne after thc British mandatc, b. Grieva, Latv'ia,
1864; d. Jerusalem, 1935. He traccd his ancestr^' back
to Mordecai Jaffc, author of Lebushim. Hc received
his early education in his home town, Grieva, and
at Dvinsk. At the age of fifteen hc travclcd to Luchin,
where he studied under Rabbi Eliezer Don Yihyeh,
after which he went to Volozhin to study in the city*s
-great Yeshiva under Rabbi Hirsh Leib Berlin.
While still young Kook was marked by his extreme
piety and high aspirations. In the years 1887 to 1888
he edited and published an annual called Ittur So-
feritn which hc hoped would become a Clearing house
for Halachic discussions of problems of the day, but
it appeared only twice. He first served in the capacity
of rabbi in the little town of Zimcl, where he pub-
lished a treatisc on thc phylacteries (under a Pseu-
donym), in which he stresscd thc importancc of laying
*:r
•»¥■
.utt^M
\ „.JG*.-!
%:
ik:.
thc phylacterie
1894 hc succt|
Boisk. Ninc ^
of rabbi of tl
acceptcd.
In Palesünc
System of stuc
where all the
bc united as .
Yeshiva, bascc|
Judah Halevi -
In 1909 hc b'
thc observanc
colonists in F|
Haaretz, to
granted of til
In thc sumil
whcrc he w:
World War a|
In 1916 hc l
Hadath in L(|
mental in fo|
non-Jews for
homeland, w
Dcclaration.
In 1919 hc|
rabbi of all t
thc Vaad Ha
of Palcstinc
men rcprcscrj
Palcsrinc call
same confer<|
court vcstcd
all matters o|
under thc ei
special ordin
court was to(
thc Oricntal
from thc A?
l
2/88
GSU 742 295 E-4456 BIRTHS 1847-65
No.
(in addition to births previously recorded)
DATE
Name
BERENDT
^S(L^a'.{(\
PARENTS
1
8
10
18
21
27
34
44
48
68
69
86
92
129
139
150
159
169
177
1 Sep 47
5 July 48
3 Oct 48
16 Sep 49
4 Nov 49
11 July 51
8 June 53
2 Apr 54
20 Mar 55
18 Mar 58
12 Dec 58
22 Feb 60
18 Oct 60
30 Dec 61
BELLA ' i|
MIRJAM )
PETER
16 July 48 RAHEL
ISIDOR
20 July 49 HELENE
HANNE
CLARA
14 May 50 CACIUE
13 June 51 ABRAHAM
JOHANNE
21 June 53 ABRAHAM
IDA
JOHANNA
MOSES
EVA
MAX
REBECCA
FRANZISKA
26 May 61 ISIDOR
SARA
Twins MOSES LESSER __ ESTHER (SCHEYER)
LEWIN KOHLS, merchant + REBEGCA (COHN)
LEVIN ZAMORY, musikus + HANNA (KATZ)
SELIG SCHEYER + HANNA (PINKUS)
ITZIG STEIN + BERTHA (WOHLGEMUTH)
LEWIN CASPARI + FREUDE (ARENDT)
Gerber SELIG SCHEYER + HANNA (PINKUS)
LEWIN KOHLS + REBECCA (COHN)
ITZIG ABRAHAMSOHN + FEILE (MAN SOHN)
ITZIG STEIN + BERTHA (WOHLGEMUTH)
Musikus LEWIN ZAMORY + HANNA (KATZ)
ITZIG STEIN (mother not listed)
ITZIG JACOBSOHN + BERTHA (FLATOW)
ITZIG ABRAHAMSOHN + FEILE (MANSON)
ITZIG ABRAHAMSOHN + VEILE (MANSON)
SAMUEL GOLDSTROM + PaULINE (SILBERSTEIN)
(Musikus und Schreiber)
BENJAMIN EISENSTADT + EVA (ABRAHAMSOHN) of
Neu-Grabau
Glasermeister JACOB ABRAHAMSOHN +
JENNY (LINDE MANN)
SAMUEL GOLDSTROM + PAULINE )SILBERSTEIN
LEWIN WOYTHALER of KaUsch + HANNE
( ISRAELSKI)
181
184
20 Feb 62
6 Sep 62
SAMUEL
JOHANNA
merchant BENJAMIN EISEN STADT, Jude und In
länder +EVA (ABRAHAMSOHN) , Neu-Grabau
Glasermeister JACOB ABRAHAMSOHN +
JEANETTE (LINDE MANN)
1/88
BERENT
(addltional entries)
I'S'RAaski
GSU 185 344 GSU film Kirchenamt Hannover Dec.1957
BIRTHS:
5 Feb 1826 THIENA (?) dau merchant HIRSCH LITTHAUER + ESTHER FLATOW
24 Dec 1836 MARIANNE, dau HIRSCH FLATOW + ANNA
23 Nov 1840 (name illeglble) dau of BAER WOHLGEMUTH + JULIE (BLAU)
MARRIAGES:
6 Mar 1842
ITZIG JACOBSOHN, merchant In Berent, son HAIMANN JACOBSOHN
and HAN NA (MEYER), OD BERTHA FLATOW, dau IHRSCH FLATOW
and HANNA(SELBIG) = SELBIGER
13 April 1840 BARUCH LEHMANN, Handelsmann In Schoeneck, son of HEILMANN
LEHMANN + MUCHA (?) BURCHARD OD SARA SCHEYER, dau of
JUDAS SCHEYER + EVA FLATOW
DEATHS:
5 May 1829
7 Dec 1838
4 Nov 1845
12 June 1846
ABRAHA'M FLATOW, merchant in Berent, of Auszehrung. 62 (b.l766)
MARGE (ABRAHAMSOHN) FLATOW, oldage, 70 (b.l768)
FEILE (WOLFF) BAERENT, Auszehrung, 54 (b.l791)
ITZIG LEWIN GOTTFELD, Glaser, 75, old age. (b.l770)
Entry fee pald by ISAAK FLATOW for Mayer 15 Jan 1841
The famlly name RAA BE appears once in these records (of a Handelsmann and
glaser who was dead by 1843. (after Itr dtd 26 Feb 1847 with the list of children
of the late LEWIN GOLD STROM)
GSU 185 344
Jkk.
/?
<>o (
Ltr dated KONITZ 4 Apr 1877:
MINNA (FLEISCHER) ISRAELSKI, dau of JOSEPH. Gasthofbesitzer,
and ERNESTINE (NEUMANN) FLEISCHER, b. 14 May 1842 Berent,
needs copy of her birth record. Letterhead of her letter reads
H.S. ISRAELSKY. Konitz .
GSU 742 795 GSU filmed in Poland. BERENT Births pf Jews 1847-65
p.61, f 177 LEVIN WOITHAL i- HANNA ISRAELSKI of Kaiisch on 31 Dec 1861
a daughter SARA
1/88
BERENT
(addltlonal entries)
Xßi(^\<\
GSU 185 344 GSU film Kirchenamt Hannover Deca957
BIRTHS:
5 Feb 1826 THIENA (?) dau merchant HIRSCH LITTHAUER + ESTHER FLATOW
24 Dec 1836 MARIANNE, dau HIRSCH FLATOW + ANNA
23 Nov 1840 (name lllegible) dau of BAER WOHLGEMUTH + JULIE (BLAU)
MARRIAGES:
6 Mar 1842
ITZIG JACOBSOHN, merchant In Berent, son HAIMANN JACOBSOHN
and HAN NA (MEYER), CD BERTHA FLATOW, dau HIRSCH FLATOW
and HANNA (SELBIG) = SELBIGER
13 April 1840 BARUCH LEHMANN, Handelsmann In Schoeneck, son of HEILMANN
LEHMANN + MUCHA (?) BURCHARD GD SARA SCHEYER, dau of
JUDAS SCHEYER + EVA FLATOW
DEATHS:
5 May 1829
7 Dec 1838
ABRAHAM FLATOW, merchant in Berent, of Auszehrung. 62 (b.l766)
MARGE (ABRAHAMSOHN) FLATOW, oldage, 70 (b.l768)
4 Nov 1845 ' FEILE (WOLFF) BAERENT, Auszehrung, 54 (b.l791)
12 June 1846
ITZIG LEWIN GOTTFELD, Glaser, 75, old age. (ba770)
Entry fee paid by ISAAK FLATOW for Mayer 15 Jan 1841
The family name RAABE appears once in these records (of a Handelsmann and
glaser who was dead by 1843. (after Itr dtd 26 Feb 1847 with the list of chlldren
of the late LEWIN GOLDSTROM)
GSU 185 344 Ltr dated KONITZ 4 Apr 1877:
MINNA (FLEISCHER) ISRAELSKI, dau of JOSEPH, Gasthofbesitzer,
and ERNESTINE (NEUMANN) FLEISCHER, b. 14 May 1842 Berent,
needs copy of her birth record. Letterhead of her letter reads
H.S. ISRAELSKY, Konitz.
GSU 742 795 GSU filmed in Poland. BERENT Births pf Jews 1847-65
p. 61, #177 LEVINWOITHAL J- HANNA ISRAELSKI of Kaiisch on 31 Den 1861
a daughter SARA
(
'^^(Ueuüi
/k<ioto \\e<//e MA^z/gj g> iloüGi's 0?P^MAiJiJ
o
ft
4^:./.
r
■
■*
1
i '•;'>.;
■1
' • I
^.^•,.i« A p#rtiM tf a list «f Qezmam Jews wk«
periikeil in the K#l«ei1iiit« . It Wti pulilished Im tv«
larf^ valuAet 1a 19^6 hj the Pederal Repuklit «f West i : ^
Oemaijr.
■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ ... I ■ ,•;, ■ ;
1 '1
Inp^rtlAt Infematlett iWut tka victime U aat iHeluded im the
liet Bück ae plaee ef kirthi Atüee ef ]^areiiti> ume ef epeuse
äad maaee ef ekildrea. If yeiü taa fill in sioae ef tk4t infezmatien^
Iileate retarn eae fff •t the liet te ae. Tkankyeu
' '.
f
»■
Birtk Place
Pather' 8
Nsae Mether« • Name SP^^-^^'J WAME /\/Aj>n6 '
■ la.-iiti.;
Last Residence
girtk^Date
'israülski, Alfred
• Israchki, Alice
Israelski, Bertha, geb. Geldern
Israelski, Betty, geb. Schragenhcim
Israelski, Doris, geb. Mendelsohn
Israilski, Elsbclh, geb. Jacob
hraclski, Else, geb. Neumann
.lsr;iilski, Kinma, geb. Heinrich
Israclski, Erncstine
Israelski, Eva
Israelski, Fanny
Israelski, Franziska, geb. Rittler
Israclski, Georg
fsraelski, Gerhard
Jsraolski, Gertrud
Israclski, Gertrud, geb. Heymann
Israelski, Grcte
Israclski, Hans Arno
Israelski, Hcnnoch
Israelski, Hertha, geb. Lychcnhcim
rtniclski, Horst
sraclski, Irma
sraelski, Jakob
sraclski, Johanna
isracKskI, Martha, geb. Cohen
israclski, Martha, geb. Josephsohn
fsraelski, Martha, geb. Kiewe
Israelski, Max
Israelski, Max
israclski, Max
üraelski, Max
-^taelski, Minna, geb. Kobatzki
sraclski, Paul
sraclski, Paul .
sraelski, Sally
sriclski, Samuel
sraelski, Siegfried
sraclski, Thea, geb. Maschkowski
sraelski, Wolfgang
sraclsky, Herbert
sraclsky, Ingeborjj, geb. Silberstein
'WtiWu ■'■ (;18X)3.98
Berlin i 26.04.24
Gelscnkirchen' 02.08.79
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Würzburg
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Gelsenkirchen
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Düsseldorf
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Sehnde
Sehnde
Gelsenkirchen
Berlin
Berlin
07.11.83
25.10.80
16.02.92
12.12.84
02.09.65
06.12.64
31.03.71
24.11.65
25.06.76
23.10.98
07.02.34
06.01.06
24.01.92
15.08.92
29.10.05
10.02.98
27.08.94
26.10.21
08.05.20
13.04.80
04.04.78
27.05.80
04.01.78
06.01.75
03.03.05
07.03.76
24.10.88
23.01.94
01.01.84
02.03.85
17.11.97
15.03.68
06.06.65
08.10.83
08.02.91
05.08.29
21.02.05
128.09.13
Deatk Date Place
verschollen
verschollen
für tot erklärt
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
00. 1 2.42
03.04.43
verschollen
16.08.43
verschollen
28.05.42
verschollen
verschallen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen .
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
12.09.42
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
verschollen
05.04.42
verschollen
29.08.42
00.03.43
für tot erklärt
für tot erklärt
für tot erklärt
verschollen
verschollen
* Auschwitz
Trawniki
Riga
Minsk
Riga
Auschwitz
Riga :
Tlicrcsienst;u!i
Thcrcsienstadl
Minsk
Thercsienstadt r
I Minsk *
I SachsenhaiLscn
\ Auschwitz
i K'x^d
/Auschwitz
f.
V\uschwitz
> Auschwitz
'Riga
Auschwitz
( Auijchwiiz
»Trawniki
Riga
"l/ibica
Ric,a
Ric;a
Therv'sienstj Ji
Osten
Trawniki
Litzmann j:^a;/Loc^
Auschwitz
Trawniki
Litz:nannstadt/Lo;.i.
Auschwitz
Thcrcsienstadl
Thercsienstadt
Riga
Riga
)
Auschwitz
Riga
Riga
■» / u.,. J
/ « %
/
_LW^xr/7
Dear Jim:
March IP>, 1987
I know It sounds funny but T had been thfnklnq of the Israelis on the very
day O received your nlce let^er (3-9), because in rereadlnq the records of t legnltz a nd
Schwerin, I noted down the few Israeli people ' ran across. Posslbly T conted them al-
ready ? years acro, Hut if never hurts to do U aaain Just In case some error creot In
the f irst time around.
I am very uiuch ooncerned with the Problems you noticed in your let er, and dropped every-
thlng eise to a nswer you and make corrections i f necessary. I assume you have a copy o^
your letter so I can take up the ouestlons in the order in whlch you s^ated them. I ouqht
to be eble to have a good explanation for every entry on that bia table showlna the
Interrelatlonshlps, and as I go down your iist, T will orulckly see whafs wronrr. l hope.
I, "Bernhard Bluhm married Helene Israelski. Fxactly thJs is shown on the ^able:
On these three tables, I made an exceptlon to the n^le of not «howlnr» the maldenname
of married women: Each duaghter is shown wlth her flrst name and her maldenname.
In the box for Bernhard Bluhm Is syys "married Helene Israelskl. <^aid lady Is rhe daughter
of the Bennhelm for whom I have no flrst name, and leiser israelskl. "Dai'ghter"Bennheim
Is Helene 's mother, not AFelene.
II. LESSEPR ISRAELSKI (1821^1900) married twioe. The flrst wlf« was, as sho'vn, Miss
Unknown Bennhelm. Only she is shown on the Interfamlly marrlages tables because
h*sr second wife was not a relative to the other familles. She was Indeed Minna Heyde-
mann. HER son (sol belleve, was SELLY who married Margnrethe Feynemann.
Since T never traced all ^he Israelis, T had no con ac wlth I.esser's famlly,
whlch could have ^old me who were hls chlldren from the first marriarre and which ones
from »-he second. But seelng tha^ Minna was ?0 years younger than her husband, I guess
Ill.all chlldren were from wife no. 1, Miss Bennheim. (Minna Heydemann: 1845-191B)
IB. LESSER: He d'ed in bis 74th year on 10 Oct 1900, so he orohaMv wonld have been
75 in 1901, which means he was born In 187 6, not 18''S.
W. 'Ihe slsters ■3onl,LlBa and Gustl (Auguste) were the slsters of Selly Israelfeki
slnce their names are in the obltuarv announcement for thelr mother Minna
HeVdemann IsraelbJti when she died in Coburg on ?4 Nov 1918. Julius was the ©»-her brother
who dIed fusL before hls stepmother, on 30 AprllHe had a flrs' cousln.also named Julius,
the son of HERMANN Israelskl.
V. ALFRED WERNER (in SaltsJöbaden,Sweden) is the son of Emmi 'VA^mer rSmelski, who
took hls mother's name after he immlgrated to Sweden. He Js therefore a brother of
Hans (later Henry Jonaon). Thus T seem to have made a nlstake on the table whlch I
sent along with my letter of Aug. 11, 1985/
VI. I cannot belleve you missed the connectlon here, slnce Mrs. Israelski is rlght
next to Mrs. Neumann Bluhm. Newmann Bluhm married Philippine Bennhelm, and
the unknown slster married Lesser (Leiser) Israelskl. Neumann' s brother Bernhard married
the nlece of hls sister-in-law Mrs. Israelski. This nlece, Helene, was obvlouslv named
for her grandmother, shown above as "H. Israelskl, who probably died a few years before
her granddaughter was born (wh»se dates I do not have).
i
X)
^ O
07
'S
>
^v Kl in
■i « 1'^®" ^ corresponded wlth Alfiaed Werner, he gave me addresses which I am not sure I
•gassed on to you. .Slnce you are anlsraelskl yourse!?, you mlghl be able to -et prompt
•cesponses.
«» E 2
SJ Ü o
Afred lists üoatl's daughter (fchere'ore, the nf.gce of Tullus Isr?»1!Hft (1P'^4-?918)
gnd says ihat she is marrlecl to a Dr. med. "rieh Braun, The niece 1"? Ru^hfFr?«» ^n^nn,
^ince her mocher, Gustl Israelski, marrled a Braun. Dr.Brown and wlfe llved In 1979
• ^RJesenfeldstr.74, 8^00 Muenchen 40, German Federal Renublic.
o 5 & ^lly Israelski had a döughter Gertrud nho rr:arried Daaoherr Frtedl'Jnder (Ts^er D«v'd
>\> o *^®^^^' ^^^* ^^^^^ l'ves g( II de netJtMiibre ^R-^S, sw.SO^, MONTEVIDEO, UPTiguAY.
6 fH ^ "«»ossibly she passed away, and her son Pe*er Treed mlrrht be able to helr.
«I-
o
l3, nor far from 7enpel-
o .X g |*J^OMONSOH^T: I have no «nformation whatsoever, amkmoottö^cacamK. f donitt know
•ü ^ e .S^^e'-e ^he ramily is from bu' I know thit he 'lalorr.onsohns rvhontaiBrrel?. ed -o u? by
. aj Riarriage were born in Vandsburg, a 11t 1e viiioae ^a We3^ ^rja^l,
I «ifurq.
5? 2 " S^ ^ ^^ "'^^® ®" enquiry at the Iriteni<r'ional Tr?,ctng 5en/'.cö In Arolsen in 1956, on
p & c |ot which che inforinatloii was g.<v«n to rne , loget.her vs-ith n note tha^ a Vr. Manfred
c J^ ^aloiTJonsohn, son of Arnold, had also made an enouiry. HIS ADDRESS (in 195S> was
u R ^ 5 ^»^estbrook Court,
90
fcS
CO
CO
iöll
CO ••
C
Main Road, Ronci3boech
Cape To«>ini, South Africa.
<^ o
CO >■'
— Ci
At that tirne, I dld not floow up wlth a le'ter to him, althoucrh I (no-.*-) re^llze that
g ^e muRt be one of my reiaüveg, since hte f?.ther is' If you aet any response ä-om him,
b |.leaße let me knov,- The code nanie here Is "Conllzer. " since thc .^alomorsohns ir^med
■^ ^nto thls one of ir.y fanjllies.
•ü^ « §• ■ Another relative who enqulred about the '^alononsohns was
11" 1 • ^^' '^ '"^"^ St.Joseph, ANTV'ERP, BELG7UM. You miaht want to write ^o both
o-S *= ß'*® ^^""^^ knov.'s. Remarkable thinns do happen (J h's: recelved ^ letxer from a corsln
« S 5 *' ''•»*'^« wJth whoiT? I had lost contact 37 years aao» Got the address through a frlend o' m»n(
*^2 <S »f"^^ ^^ *sklng Tvhether he could belp. He dfd, and T am delighted.
gv MORMON RECORD<?: I tried fo find ou^ rec-ently wTiat '.hey are filmincr and -.vhere, but
•5 g ^ flpparently such informatjon is not glven ouc. They are stjll filrr-ng in Polend, -.vh«rb<s
^ : y course very impor'ant to us, bu^ whether Miey are conUnulna to pick ur Tevish reoords
g 0 ß ci don't know. I do assume ^ley will. Thev are ^ uUe slow tn ca taloging new films he
"* « 6?Jtes^ update Is from sometime In 198«, Hstlng films made in 1984. l hone o l<ve long
^noughto sce records from 7empelln'.rg. . .
"^ o ^«^ Thanks for the copv o^ the pa/e 'rom 'he huge llst of ;r:ct<ms *rom German-'f! v-ill be
in c; <o 4" ^'^^ "^^^ i" Av-fay and hone ^o see the se In the TBr.). Thore fs no .vav hev could have
„ § .2 ^ndlcated who's relö<;ed to whom. v>ber Beate Klarsfeld oubllshed her lis^ of 80, f^PO names
B^ om deported Tews (from France^ , each name aot one Uiie. Thev only "links" that could be
"^ J > ^® ^'^ through the place of birth and/or place of deportßtion.
- *^If Vv"eissensee answers, please send me a oony of the Information on he Tsrael^Hs,
even tbough most of mine did nor live in Berlin. I am also Infcres ed in the «^alomonsohn
response, if any,
As to BMD informatlon from the Standesamt inVv'es: Berlin (it used to be Standesamt II,
Berlln-Charlottenburg) I hope to hear firom them very soon and will le^ you know. I want
h/^ß 7
Dear J^kmt
JEb-a^l9e7
IVB beem a year ani a half alnte we metj and Mly nmr kave I fauni time ta
attlvate aj laraelaky amd SalanaBaakm famlliea reaearek« I reeelvei jaur
letter af Aufuat 11, 19Ä5, with aacattparnjimf fa^ily trea, aad it ia af
anaxmaua help ta ae. Aa jau eaa aaa fraa tka emalaaei alrcular latter, IWe
wrlttea ta mamy af the laraalakl deaaaniamta. 1 kape they'ra atlll allve aai
livlag at thaaa addreasaa*
Baak ta tke traa jau aeat me, 1 kare aeveral queatlaaa:
1. Taur letter aays Bernhard Bluka marrled Heleme laraalakl, yat tke äkart
ahawa hia married ta '*(dauckter)BeamkeiM*'* Whick ia eorreet?
2. Tarn aaj Leaaar laraalakl married Mlrma aad her aaidea maae ia "»^raiwwi
unkaaim, yet the ehart alearlj akawa ker maidea käme ta ke Heydeaamm.
3* Are Leaaar laraektki^a ckildrem aa tke ekart the affapriaf of kia firat
aarriage ar aeeand?
4* Ware Taai Llaa aad Guatel all aiatara of Sellj aad Julius 1. ?
fia Ilfred Werner U 1979 letter iadiaatea tkia.
5. Ia Alfred Werner tke aan ar san-in-law af Juliua laraelaky? Ig Mairiet
Juliua^a daufkter?
6 lau aay Akrakaa BlukaU aaa Neuaaaa aarriea Pkilliiiiae Beaakeia wka vaa Mra.
laraelaki's siater, yet tke upper rlfkt aide af the ehart daeanH akaw aay
auck Mrs» laraelaki« Pleaae elakarate«
I daaH aean ta ke averly critiaal ar unfrateful* laur help ta ae kas keea
fantaatia. I daat knaw af amyane wka eaa eaapare witk yaur knawledge af
West Pruaeian Jewry.
Siace yau wrata ta ae, hat aay atker aaterial crapped up? Alaa, da yau
kave aay addresses af faailiea naaed Salaaaaaahn in Sautk Afriea ar elaewhere.
Aa yau knaw I»a deaeended fr« this faaily fraa Lakaena, and I knaw you
aearcked far tkea tkraugk Aralsen in the 1960'a«
Are the Mamana aktaiaing aay further W. Pru. sia ar Paaea Jewiak Recarda?
I didaH get a chancc to write ta Dr. Philip Miller, but I naw will da sa.
Enclased aisa are capies af the pagea frta tke W. Geraan gavt kaak aa
Jcwiah victiae. It siiffera fraa several liaitatiana: lack af birthplace,
naaea af parents aad likkage af |pi faaily graupiags. Alaa, it azcludes
the aaaes af Jewa wkaae last reeidenca was in tawna aak naw part ef Eaat
Gexaaay (except Berüa), presuaably kecause they danH have aacees ta E.
Gexmaa recarda. A 8et af the kaaka ia at lad Vashea.
I will write ta tke Wcissensee ceaet&ry ta try ta get data abaut -'-sraelaki^a
hxried there.
Agaia, I apalagise for the lang delay in writiag ta yau and 1 kape ta
hear fraa yau aaan. 1*11 send yau ay resulta wken IWe accuaulated eaaugk
data ta draw up saae faaily treea. Sa far, af tke 130 laraelski^a aa
ay indea carda, I ean anly definitely link akaut 20 witk Aa Xeaipelkugg,
kecause tke BT, Aufkau and ather aaurces dant give kirtkplace. 1 tkiak
Weissenaee recards cauld prave ta ke a aajar aaurce* Bcsides the
ccaetary, kaw wauld I inquire af tke Eaat and West Berlin Muniaipal
autharitiea akaut klrths, aarriagea and deaths far the periad 1S70-1940?
Da they devulge iafaxaatian aaaktx akaut persans kam ia tkia Century wka
aay atill be alive?
Sincere]^
James Bennett
A8 Vitkin St.
Haifa, Israel
Feb. 15, 1987
Dear Members of the Israelski Family j
born In 7_,.!ii„ . ?°'" "^ e^at-great-jrandmother was Pauline Israelaki
.ueh ., Aufbau ^d'e rlterVI eiSfi/ll^L'^? S™Ärih:'pijirnr"
th. Holooauat, Israel populatlon rejieters, «;e. Mr. Jota Hew Eiohter of
Ann Arbor, Michigan wa, kind in provlding m, ;dth invaluaSle SerLl!
Hy purpose in wrlting this lettor is twofold: First to ..t.hn.t . . ,.
with m«nber3 and descendente of the Israelski k2i1v'.^ tltj^t Tf"^
tS'tralf tr'-'r !"'"'f "■' -^ P-Pl' *03e Ä 1sra°e Si °anf s" n"d
^^uÄiS L'r?";;\r"'='"'^°" ^' *"•' ">,r,'muSt"h1;.*£«' a'näJer^
IrPo „ Ind VeÄLi^' "Z "äkl"! r* r^°.*, '"=-'«5 i" variou. pla.e,
Ä Sir .i: ~;3rs~irs^^
leraS.« "^Tf'f "'^ ^"""^ '"" I"^«!»"!. •"" th^ Sio„ orjacTÄ
th"X; ti^ ieXr-'"' *"'* ""' "'" *-' °"^^ -" '° *»''' ^^*t -•
Towards the end of the Jyt^h Centuiy thcre were Israelski's livln^ in .„^h
• a mi:L%'/*"J^'T' ^"?'^' Topolnow and Zieskau. At the enS Slh! ientuS
Lrlfr ?he1erl7n JhT 'k 'i°" T" °^ ^"^ "^-^^ '«^ Posen towards^ .
^tltl i 1 Berlin Addressbuchs of the t8«0«8 and 1«90«8 show only tw. or
J f foo?'^^ families, but in 1908 there were 17, in 1920 33 in ^gUL
r.t. ^930 a total of 35 Israelski and Israelsky fimiJils. During tie ?93Ä.«
^^^ZT.:l.lVTlZlT.^^^^^^^ 'i "17 ^^^^ ^-i-:%lI'e°tJne,
nved in B^Sin '''"'• ""' ''' ^^ "^^'^ Israelski, 36 are listed is'Äg
3?itfto^me\nd'niÄ this letter I am making the following request: Please
?? you have aharts or'f^Tt ?.!' """'^ ,i"^°">^*^ion as possible\bout your fainily.
and date of M^ulr ^ \"*^ ^^""^ '"' * photoeopy. Details about place
course I ^ ei^oi,f/°r.''*''*r^!'.^''^"^P*^^''^»' Sreat-grandparents, et.; Of
nved in ^»elbnif ^ interested in those Israelski Families wbose ancestor
-Lived in Zmpelburg, but even if your grandfather was bom in Berlin or elsewhere
iij father or grandfather might have "roots" in Zempelburg. 1 h^ve buiL uHn '
extbenslve eard file fabonf l'^n nom«»'» ^«^ t t .j-*^ *»* "«ve ouixi up an
150 vears Th« inf^i^o^r ^ V °^ Israelski! s spanning a period of over
i?«w« ;». infomation you send me will, in many «ases, enable me ta
Ltur^ff f'^ilw^T^^^^ JOHT famil^ which ^ou migjlt ISnt t^k^ w about.
waturally I will fellow-up with a detailed reply to those who write to me.
iSiiMsii
QTm
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(GSU # 1184439, contlnued)
(Namensgebung 1812,contlnued)
page
95
98
Kolenscher , Alexander Aron
Moses Aron
Arndt Moses
Lewineck, Liwin Isaac
Itzig Lewin
WESTPRUSSIA 1812
Alexander Aron
Moses Aron
Arndt Moses
Lewin Isaac
Itzig Lewin
Zempelburg
Tuchel
(no Liebermann, no Richter, no Wohlfart(h): the list is incomplete)
-2-
f
93
IIHJ!_
103
V
94
^^p*
51
85
•'
REGISTER DER JUDEN WESTPREUSSENS, 1812
page
116
108
102
Woythaler, Lewin
, Schoel
Richter, Wwe, Joseph Marcus
, Moses Simon
Roehmann, Wolf Samuel
, Markus Samuel
. Salomon
Lublinski, Schay Schmuel
Lewin Woythaler
Zempelburg
25
Schoel W.
im
Wwe Joseph Marcus)
MF
138
Moses Simon
Dtsch Krone
145
Wolf Samuel
MF
49
Markus Samuel
— «.
30
Salomon Samuel
31
Schay Schmuel
Krojanke
r
61
102
100
99
94
94
87
85
Lewinnek, Leyser Casper
Arndt Itzig
Israel Itzig
Littauer, Jakob Elias
Liebermann, Joseph
Joachim
Israelski , Samuel Isaac
Wittwe Jakob Gerche
Kamnitzer, Meyer Joachim
Gabrielski, Gabriel Bendix
Gumbert Götz
Flatauer, Jakob Jochen
Michel Moses
Leyser uasper
Arndt Itzig
Zempelburg 269
101:
Israel Itzig
162
Jakob Elias
Schwetz 24
Joseph Liebermann
MF 132
Joachim Liebermann
133
Samuel Isaac
Wwe Jakob Gerche
Zempelburg 21 +173
20
Meyer Joachim
Gabriel Bendix
Gumpbert Götz
Jakob Jochen
Michel Moses
86
Jastrow 40
Zempelburg 198?
Dtsch Eylau 8
Zempelburg 56
;^S (^y^n^LSK l
•— ^— -iu»-,iifi^
^*i'(,\. <■'::-'.
Kr.y-
,vv^.::.V
' ."i V •* ■ L 1 «^ '•' ,'»*J^ir- '*•" s !". '.^:*fc"v. ' IV..-.
erroelterle Jluflofle. U;r-2a loufenb. i : ^j: 3- li;'^^:
>.^>>^ ■■.s-^na^:^';^^^«^^.- .., :ü^:;iÄ-;Ä.i;-\iViÄ:^;*.-^K vv.•^ ,
»•VV.- A.> ^..v;..^^^^w^}.3V.;-.._, .._ _. .,
'..••.»-■<.'*.l>*aifv!ijf
^^;^'x
•:'r^.c
'vl-^^
L
^w; ^•:>;-;i .-a
Pff.,S)eutfct)c mati'^ (28. 2lt)vi( 1900) unter 93crücffid)tiöu]id .Är;>^:^^;v'!
|ig,;KV einer gräßtic^cn »(utt^ot einer d)riftlicl)en ©ccte in ^otlanb^: ^^ ' ' '
K='^'7^V ,,llnb m(f) einmal, wenn eö . müölicfj ift/ i?nB ein bciit|cf)er • —
ii^i;^' (J^tift QU« 5lberg(nuben ein ^erDred^eu Degeftt, rvaxiun in otter
: "^ aöelt foü e§ baim jo flona niib finv inlmüodri) ^eln, bnfi eiu in
,^h:.- • 5)cutf(^tanb lebeuber 3iibe ein joldjcö ^Bevbrecßeu bcü^J}iV! äBcim
.jf vV a\\o 3cnianb an hai SSorfommen iübijc^er JÜIulmoibc gtanbt, jo
ßX^,.:^ if)\it tx mdjt^ 9lnberc«, äl3 baji er Wu§n)acl)ie, ble fid) leibcr bei
r/?|:. ^^<^" SHeligioncn finbcn, anä) bei bei; iübijcf;cii ateliaiuii nicljt für
\lt.
■ V': ' ^v .
:.tp
t: *;il
^■^:5>-
biirg, S3ru6, ^v- gricbianb, Jlginin, a)hotfcI)cn, 8]|nnmc(ff)i^vg. /,,:,;, :;r|
5)cr gaff ä^oniö jiub jeinc Unru^c|i vicfnnlapteu ;!&evnr''^'^ *^
ü. ^cvijbcrg=Sottin/ im .^cvrpntjauje an tiie gipgierung ^v 4 vü
tuegpn bpr fog. 3litun(mprbc ju intcrpetJiveii. 3^^ Pp^ SlUcv? y^'^' ^|a
pellation t)icft c^: ' ' • -^i ^ ^i;^^ (i/
,,2öl1c[jc Scliritte gcbcnft bie föniglic^e Stnat^rcgiermig ju'vjj f ^^
tt)un, um mt'itcii fereijen bpr cfjriftfic^en ?3et)ü(ferung bie QJeroißfjeit:^!^^'' U||.
^u ücvjdjnficn, ba{i bic iu beu lejjteii J^a^iren uovgefommenen UHf *b:s'iy-VJfi|
\'f&y' Qufgellärtcn Woibe on d)riftlicf)cu Sünglingen unb 3"nnf^öuen V'^f^;// ''^J
r^'ij'^^t'-^ - nicl)t üon bcn 3ubcn begangene Jogenanntc SRitual« ' >"'
^W-'' morbc jinb?" ' • "■'^
1^:y ,. 3)ic Sicgierung füllte nljo ben fettfanicn 9?acljtüei^3
J#U. ,, fiiljreu, bafi bie unaufgclliirtcu iütorbc ,A\\d)i Uun beuQiibcU'
i
• ' t.v« .
1 »-rv •
tet'
»t
^Vä^'
v^
begangene 8iilualniürbe (inb"!l
i)ic gnterpeßation bc3 9(Dg. .uon •[ierfetjcrg^'Öpttin im
Ijreu^ifrfjen ^crrenöaufC' Jmirbe icbocf) 01^ auf SBciterei^
nid)t cingcbrad)t, iocif bic crforbertici^c 5alj( oon Unter-
fdiriften (20) nicfit aufzutreiben t\)ax.^^r:r
®er 9Serbnd)t bcr Üljätcrfrfjaft ri^tete' fiel) gegen .vuei
SKänner, einen 3ubeu namcn§ ^grnelgfi unb gegen ben
c^riftlid)en 6d)Iad)termeifter C^üffmann.
1. 3m ^Injdjtuß an ben gunb beö ffopfe^ erfolgte bie
SBer^aftung be5 ^anbelgmannc^ S^raeUfi. 3)iefer, eiu
übel bcteumunbetcd ©ubjcct, bag auf ber Iruntenbolbliftc
fte^t^ lüurbe burd) bic 8(uöfagen be§ ©cridjtöbiencrii ^ieblcr
in ft^oni^ betaftet, ber angegeben Ijaben foll, er (jnbc hm
.Setreffenben mit einem iSad, in bem ü\\)a^ runbeg, fumft-
topfä^nlidöcg mar, am S^arfreitag au3 bcr @tabt gc^en unb
nadj einiger 3eit mit befdjmutjten ©ticfefn micber surürf*
tommen fcftcn. S^^raer^fi ift j. 5t. (Knbc Wuguft 1900) nodi
iu Uuterfud;ung^t)aft.
2. S(m 28. iUlni 1900 erfolgte bie ©iftirnng .öoffmnnui^
toeil ber «crbndjt bertnnb, er l)aDc Süinter; ber mit feiner
Üodjter uerfetjrt I;atici), crtnppt unb awi^ atadjc getütet.
^ 1) 3)ic ,,iöcrl. % ^iac^r." td)rieben, als m Xagc trat, bnß
pnUer iiut^ einer ^anm «(n^a^r H^erjoncn mibüdm Ö)e(djlcd)t^
iutnnc öeaieljungcn MiitcrftaUeii Jjatte, om 7. 3u)ii: „Bo febr
ba» (Bd)id\ül M (55i}nmafinften SDintec ju bcbaucm ift unb \o
I.v
"■*
•Vi.
-•fTr
Vi
'/:j
-. -^v.
•♦- 1 • • (»,
• ^i.\
'.^■r»«^
^^••.Ci...?*« ■•?-
e^au^tünacu^üBcr'^ btr(5röeBnif|ei Der uitteti "pr^T^
|l)l|Äeu0un8'feftöMet^t/bQrci (i^
I >V^t^' iübtic^en mUuatmotb l^anbclc, obmo!)t bic bi^Mae«; ; öuc^ "^* ' ,,;.|'.
r^'" bicicr 9licfitung mit arfcni (5rnft onGcftetttcu (Jrmittedmgcu nid)tS - /^:!|;
©rnft äBinter' gctöbtct ju^^^äyj
bcg St. ®. ©. aiig bcm^Ä^
aelnö^cnScmeifcä außer JöcrrtM);
,< > ..v^ 5lm 11. Suni 1900 bcröj
teS^;* //9?orbb. ailo. Stq/' fofgenbeä
ff ^^^:i: /* . ,/. . . ®ie bctöciUgten ©eljörben
f I^y^H ^°*^^ ^^"^ ^^«* öettJ^N teiu möge. Cd mujj ba^dr mit G^nt-iSl^fl
^ ^1^'^^- ?i '^^^^^"^"^ bcr Jöornjurf surücfgcmle(cn mcrbcn, bag btc bct^ciHglen !'fe ^^i^
|)< ;.jp;;-©eamten toorcinöcnommen nnb uon bcm SBunf(^c geleitet getuejcn '^ •>>\^d
#rr 'Al^r feien, ge|üiffe a3cöö(fcning&t(affeii ju jd^oneii. SBielmedr ift jcbcm '>Ä!r|^
p|,:j ,.;, 2SerbQ(^t, glcicl)0iel auf welchen ZfjäUx iinb auf melc^eg 9Jiotio ber:-^^|r^|
Äpv,.J>i I^at er l^iubeutete, mit alten gefe^lic^ sulöffigcn SJiittetn rnoiti- ^^v^N
ImW^'' Ö^9^"Ö*^" "'°^^^"- ®*^*^ aberbie ©e^örbeusu unterftü^en/ to^d)t'^Wm
|l]i^*^>^v "^^^^^^^^ ""^ "°* ^^f*^"^ ^'J»'^" ""^ ÖJetDiffcn bie aönl)r^cit i^ixi:-^-'^fß.
||li>^p^||ff^ '"^**«^" ""^ ^^" ec^ulbigen 5uv Strafe jn jie^en beftrebt roaren^'v^'i | v^5^
\M^^W'^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ X^cit.bei: JöcOülfecung fic^ biirc^ pQXttu)k:''^
^^^lA't^^')^^^^^^^^^ «gitotion unb burc§ eine flrupellofe 2:^ötigfeit '''^^ ;;-h'*
^Va>;gerpiffcr gjreßorgone in bcn öonn beflimmter öorftcttMnacn'l^i'il
i.\''
adcu
M
|f i'^K ' Ucber biefcn ^
§^§;1':' immefc tuicbcr gegen
W<:^v■ J)ier ba^ äöcrl^i''
^^f^
' .;^ i^
>'.
1 ■4- .'..'jf:-','
!*J..
,.;>'-^v
>;x.'>v-:'>
fr .»; .
■\i • '■
^i'."^
'^VO'f l^/fe . - .
»»l^Va■.M''
l^jvK^^jl '•. IBcfonterc fflebciituna I)a6en bie Uvt^citc Sut^er3'lm1);l^^||lv:;:
i|#t'<^':r?!i.: bcS SIntifemiten ?ßaut k ÖaöfJtbe. Cutl^cr [aot; v:-'^,y^ :^rp:|^?p^i
;^fe-*K^^^ ,,S)atiim6 mar meine SJitU, boß man faubevlic^ mit inen :i|^|f^|
:^ ^. (ben Suben) umQicuöe, unb ou6 \izi %, ^d)i\\i fie imbervid^Ute; '^^^^^ !
i'll^^V VI:; tu mörfjte ircr ctlicf;e IjerOel) fommcn,
i.0;'y'"'| treiben, mib gcfjcu mit Sügenteijbnn
||l|^'%tle miUJen (Jljriftenblut ^a6en, baß fie nic^t piiife;i unb|||?^; 1 }y : ^:^^
]^:^'^;f njciß nidjt wcS beß Siorrenwer!« meftr ift^ ba6 mon fic ^|t^?|^ ?^:^ i,;
"l^?^|>rr gleich für Simbc \)m, tuoS loütm iptt öut0 an iftncu ic6öi[cn?''>^5^:: Km"^'-^^^^
ober nnn fie mit OJewolt ;:ii^f||;
3 umO, geben i^nen S^nlbt, .:^?S'i!^
f'-vr 9^cic5 für Suubc \)ä\\, tuoS joütm iptr ßutl an ii^ncu ic6öj[cn?''>^|^^E
(Xom. 5. Söitt. SoI, 443).
$out bc ßagarbc
»•-' '^v^i^ / Slutürität auf bcm ©ebictc
^tl^^l::^*:?!^^ «arte (ööttingen, 7. Dctobi
^//yC^"-*'». ■ ■'* ■ ' . • .•-v..>>V w9tj.''' ^'-.iT»!'
)b'et efneS «tntoottS audft f^
jjc^riebeneu gormen ab* ; kg:
jojern — waS a^i . M
üorl)anben \tm ^;
gelteub gemacht .uJ.7;V
m baS e^riften* ' v:^*
er 1899 bei? ff S;
immig m\t fo^genb^r -^0,
^...,,.,^ ^,. ,, , ^ ciugebrad^tfn Sler^i^i^
;folution'^nr>/l)ie jum XII. mternationolcn (Jongvefe in^ip
?^;^iv,ii;?,s giom bcrfammcUeu C>neutfltiftcn ctai)tc\\ e? angpfic^tJ ev*H|^
^^Ä*^' %^^^^^ Sorgätiflc für i^re mW. fln§5ufprccl)cn; a)ie: Sc <|^>
'^ - •^- fdbulbiouiifl/baß jcmotä buvd) irgcnb tp^Ic^c für «tn^onger ;;n^
bcr iübifd}en aMigion gdtcnbe SSorWjriftcn bic öenu^ung ;' .:
Don e^ötiftcnblut für rituelle S^ti^ geforbert ober .-i^;.!
■••■5. '.■ ^ .1- •• •
, V. ' i-,
.;f:..
jur Uöuigcn Spaltung oer »45avui. ^öray öiepenuv»v «^^ (ii<f;;j{!
antragte tcm gvattiüuöt)or[tanbc Siebcrmanu ü, ©onncnbergf -^y^jf^lf
'QXaa^i iinb bev groftion ein JBertrauen^tJOtuut ouä^uftcnen.:^*^-*^^»»
SiXai) erregter ^ebattp ftimmten 75 ^muejenbe für bic -- '"j,
^evU-oucn^jiage, bagcgeu 85 mib & eutr)ieUen fid& '^V'W'-
namentliiticn ^bftimumng. 9^ac^ bcr »cfanntgabe, be^^S-j^^'
mc uUatä ucifaß :^iet)ctiHnun U. ©onncnberg eine bereit ger'mj
( Mtcne ülciolutiüu, ja ber er ba8 gnj^itjog; ,,3)ic ©v«lt»«Oi S^tj
\'^'^0m^^^ iJ^^t^-^A'^'' M.:ift üonAoaen." (£c cvKärte jeincn «luötcitt nuö bcr ^atteLj;.;^-
W^^'^\ ^^-V^^W ,ifm m bie 83ectretcr uon 46 aöal)lfreiicn, ba runler bie;:^^ij^i
0m-'' M:'^^^^ '!"i'^ ^1^00. Ö^aab uub aJtünen^Uöalbccl, um fid) itt elueip x\tm'}'^^^
.'tM:;i,';i^lä'^^?:Ä;^^ bcmlcfi-loAinlcn ^aiplM au Dereiniflfn. ,^, ,,,, , . . ^,,.. ..^vi^iK*
^aiplM au Dereiniflfn, ,^, ,,,, . .^,,.. ,.:;vxw
3drocfö!i faub am 8. ©cpt. 1900 ber ^JrojeBpM
^- mit ber Srcijprec^ung beö WngefdiutbigtcnJ V:M
M -
V« V» ,1
I
N-Ibs kostenproblem la,
Hankb,.fri,-|,e- (Leip/i.r
'''2'); ..Die Rntwidluns
'ler wisscnscliaftlichen
Hetricbswirtsduiftslclire
IM öeufschland seit (898"
Berlin 1921); „Q„el|e„.
iM.d. ,1er Betriebswirt-
schaftslehre" (gemein-
sam mit Prof. Hirai. J«.
pa.i. herausgegeben. Ber-
^" (Berlin foo^» ''" '^5); -Betriebswirt-
ire")- R , ''*'' ..Grundriß der Be-
n I v"''r""'*'*'''"f'^'«''re und Wir!
sXf i J-"h'H..Jerausbildung an ,1er
isuiatis- und Sozialwissenschaften in N,ir„
Kk aus den, Nürnberger Hochsd Ik^le., .V
- UMd Krf„|g.srovision" (2. Aufl.. im Bd o
Bet..,ebsw,rts.haftsiehre". Leipzig 930 "
ä ^ertr«gsted.nik" (im Bd. n des v. rgei'
d r'! 'f r^^^i'he .Aufsätze über die ver
hr^' L^^TT'''':''' ..Zeitsd.rift f,ir
nrt so vie standiger \fitarl,eiter an der
Kt der Fert guare" AI \i>r,
V u" ;; '^"' '^'■"'&«' nahm er 3 fahr,.
- Nürnberg. Ketzcistrafie 25.
• * • < t V4 * .
" ' '^■'^^'^«■•^♦"nd.ger für das Aufomobil-
und Verkehrswesen bei
'','-"' , , Oberlandesgeridif
';.''""\f"'-ta..V(. .sowie für
fl'e Landgeriditsbe/irke
frank fürt a. M., Wies-
'«'den Cas.scl und ffanan-
von der Handelskammer
trankfurt a. M. vereidig-
er Sadiverständiger: Mi-
Iitar-Kraftwagen-Sadiver-
!>tandiger; seit 1899 Vfif
f}i<^d des Automobil-
(^l-.bs von Deutsddand
(fniher Kaiserlidier Au-
tomobil - Club); .Vfitgiied
der Obersten Nationa-
len Sportkommission für
den Automobil-Club in
Heutsdiland („O. N. S ")
-. Geb. 25. 8. 1858 in
Wiesbaden. _ f. ent-
stammt einer herzoglid,
Na,ssauisd.en Beamten-
^ (Juristen-) Famili*» \r
eiratet Z J ^"''"^ ""'' - Töd.ter.
■si::in'st;.iite tiJ':;^'^'"^ .-"
"'•vf..rter Automobil-Clubs und ist seit
»rstande- seif loo-t : * , 1^ ^'^
^. Mit 1923 ist er dort Präsident
tr wurde 1890 Ge- " ^"^^ *" I ennep.
schäftsführer der
„CluMnnitzer Neue-
sten Nach richten"
nnd wtir 1895—1899
Mitgründer und
Verleger des „Ta-
ges-Anzeigers für
^Stadt und Kanton
Zürich". Seit 1890
ist er Verleger der
eingangs genannten
Tageszeitung. Das
Unternehmen war
^889 als Firma Karl
Beil & Co. gegrün-
det worden. 1897
^viirde es in die
f'irma Girardet,
Hendel & Co. und
^899 in die Firma
Cirardet, fsenburg
^ Co. umgewandelt
und firmiert seit
^^>^ nnter der Firma Fsenburg . Co. - Chemnitz, Parkstra.e .
cie^^r::^'"':!^ ^ T^^^''] ^^-^-- Aufsic.tsratsn.tgl.d
F, Langer ^ (i^!: M;^,^:^^ '^^ ''^'
Eisengießerei, Berlin - cJ! Z . ^^ssondreherei und
Wilhelm f., GroIHn ustrielCr inlf 1 ^'''- ""x ^'^^^^•' ^-'•''
suche des humanistisdVeT r' Hamburg. - Nach dem Be-
in Hamburg unc S^^^^^^ '" "-nburg wurde l
Mitinhaber Direktor un^^^^ ausgebildet, war bis 19JS
CX Pianomechanik abrk in^rnl "';'^^'"t^l^[. '' ^^^"^^ *
strie. und Handelskammer Ri !i''! Mitglied der Uuiu-
schaftskuratoriu ms ;j"v,,^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ Reichswirt-
verbandes der Deu cL^ V/7 '?^''^'^ ^^^^ VVirtschafts-
Schöneberger Ufer 59^^^^^^^^^^ Holzindustrie. - Berlin VV 55,
VorstandsmitS def 'Ve eit^'r^'".^;"^'^^ ^^-'^"' '-'
Händler E. V. Deutscher Schuhwaren-Crol?-
Ortsgruppe Ber-
lin. — Geb. 28. 2.
1874 in Topol-
now (Westpr.).
— Vater: Mayer
f., Kaufmann. —
Die Mutter ist eine
geb. Danziger. —
Verh. mit Emma,
geb. Glückauf. —
Kinder; Martin,
geb. 1901, Dr.
med., Arzt; Wer-
ner, geb. 1903,
Rechtsanwalt;
Arno, geb. 1905,
Kaufmann im
väterlichen Be-
hielt seine kauf- *• •
Jjr/fMfc( •
I
1
f
• M'iiiMil;:Iir(|. Aiiflndcin isl rr Mii.ri; i i i-.
M M.„ An,onM>^,.I-( luhs und clc. Württ,.nl "V;^ J ;,,";^; l^
^ In >s. \c.n Ihm rrsdnc-n clus \Unh: ..".() Jn I. rr A,' A '
•ijurR. U„po, Verl(.^a>r drr „(luMiinitzer Kvuesivn \. i
-führcr der
^nnitzer Neue-
Nadiriditen"
war 1893—1899
ünder und
^er des „Ta-
iizeigers für
und Kanlon
*. Seit 1899
VerJeger der
-irs genannten
/eitung. Das
iiehmen war
i*^ Firma KarJ
Co. gegriin-
- Orden. 1897
es in die
^ Girardet.
& Co. nnd
u die Firma
• H, ]senl)urg
umgewandelt
-Jiniiert seit
-HT der Firma Isenhurg & Co. - Chemnitz, Parkstrafie 5.
ann Liidolph Fabrikant; Direktor; Aufsiditsratsmitglied
1 V'"' ^'^'" ^^^'""J^^'i'"' ^owie Mitinhaber der Fa
""7 n' M<'<allscj.raubenfabrik, Fassondreherei und
i., Crofbndustneller in IJand^irg. - Nadi dem Be-
- bnmanistisdien Gymnasiums in Hamburg wurde J
.•urg und Lebersee praktisdi ausgebihlct, war bis 19^8
-er, Direktor und Vorstandsmitglied der F. Langer Ä
lumuHbamk abnk in Berlin. 1. ist Mitghed der Indu-
lid Handelskammer BeHin. Mitgbed des Reidiswirt-
iratorjums und Vorstandsmitglied des Wirtsdiafts-
'••*^ der Deutsdien Holzindustrie. — Berlin W 55
'.rger Ufer 59.
<ki Midiaelis, Kaufmann, alleiniger Vorstand der Isra-
Kobinson A.-G., Sdiuhwaren-Grofihandel, Berlin, und
-Mnitghed des Aereins Deutsdier Scbuhwaren-Grofi-
E. V.,
T>pe Ber-
-eb. 28. 2.
Topol-
^^Vestpr.).
. Mayer
irjann. —
T ist eine
ziger. —
:: Emma,
dvauf. —
Martin,
•U. Dr.
zi; Wer-
:.. 1903,
-nwalt;
ib. 1905.
11 im
en Be-
- L er-
Lie kauf-
' Ausbildung Lei der Firma Bukof.,.,- in Sdiwe(z
<-id.sel. ,n der er dann 10 Jahre i,n inneren Betriebe
der Reise laiig war. 1897 inaditc er sid. in Dir.sdiau
Mlbsliindip nnd u-rlegi,. vm, M-in.n Wol.ns,,/ u.,i,
ncl.men eine nene Ge>elKd.afl nnl.T <1. r F« Ti iT
n.. b. H. gegrUndel ,vnrde. «leren ctd.' fuf I '."''
^«n 1., Arno ].. isl. - BerIi„.^Ves en "''n'^ f
und Lager: Berlin C 2. HosenslruHe ." '",5 ' '" '*'
Isserlin, Max, Dr., Uiiiv.-Prof., (^|,ef„r„ i i- . .
venheil, und Forsdningsanslalt. 1 GH "', ''^ .'-: T
I
CEIMTRALVERETK Dvr-rsciIER STAATSBÜRGER JÜDISCHEN GLAUBENS
Mltgliedsverzeichntö 1902, 1908
P*2
ZEMPELBURG: BRULCKMANN, Louis only 1902
-— Moritz, Vorsteher, SynagoRengemainde
. ISR/.EI.SKI. Benno 1902 . 1 908
Jß6 --- Sallv
Il'02,l908
N£UMaNN, Lesser
1908
1902,1908
Z1ECi:nHALS: CaoTZEN, OTTO Febr ikbes It zer 1908 only.
BERLIN:; OPPENHEIMER, Julius, Dr.phil. Prediger 1902:
1908:
FLACHTE,... Dr. med.
Blumenstr,22
Eichendorff 8tr.2
Kegens burger Str.
7
SEG/vLL, B(enno) Dampf Schneidemühlen, W Sächische iltr. 75
■^•S. Kurstr. 41/42 (1902)
S. Kfm, Consul Kurf uers tens tr. 134
Siegfried 1. Fa. Leo Pinn C Neue Friedrlchstr. 44 II
F. Rentner NO Kaiserstr. 2 (1902)
SELBIGER Edmund NW Lessingstr. 23
Feibusch Kei.tner NY Lessinfistr. 23
^» KrausnicksLr . 8
JuUan aame
Leo,Dr. jur. »KechtsanwaU W MotZ9tr.68
Siegfried, Dr. med. N Schbnhausersix Allee 153
iv-ichtrag 1908: bERLlN, CONITZUR, Hermann Kfm, liei Ibronnerstr. 6
HAMBURG:
iIRSCMFELD, Benno tveuer Kall 82 (only 1908)
Walter SchHlterstr. 22 II (only 1908)
^^(Iäg
a.^k(
£m
Am 17. Februar 1978 verschied unser lieber Vater
Schwiegervater, Orossvater, Urgrossvater, Onkel und
Schwager
EMIL ISRAELSKI
(früher Berlin, Lapaz, Bolivien)
im 92. Lebensjahr.
In tiefer Trauer:
KURT und MARIANNE ELLIS geb. Waener
CAROLE NIR geb. Ellis ^
JOSEPH und VIVIAN VANCE geb. Ellis
ALLON, JENNIFER, SHARON und JOEY
Urenkel
123-60 83 Avenue
Kew Gardens, New York 11415
Our beloved mother, mother-in-law, aunt a^-eat-
aunt and sister-ln-law
HELEN ISRAELSKI
nee LEWIN
( wife of the the late ADOLF ISRAELSKI)
passed away on November 16, 1977 in San Francisco,
Cal. at the age of 86.
In deep sorrow:
, ^r. ^ INGRID and JACQUES SILVIN f or the f amily
100 Font Blvd.. San Francisco, Cal. 94132
-O
(
1.^
August 11, 1985
Dear ^'c. Bennett:
Visit was alr«.H. Z"^^ ^*!! ''"'^^l '^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^"^ '"^'^ ^«l^«»"® «»^ interestlnrr
Visit was already two months aqo! K'eanwhile, thlnas keep happenina I am n^w
reading thejBr.llv ads .f the Berliner Tageblatt (Just flnlshed m^Tnö vou are
Herbert m. h'"A"T- ''^? ^f «resting still is that n,, extre.elv dl tant cousln
Bluhms of West Prussla, a truly staggerlng number ^f people. It was In answer
llncl ':f ?th *T "r,r'''' \'^"^"^ ^'^ ^^"^'^^ Family'lnterrnl;;a.es , and
slnce .ne of the famllles are the ISRAELSKI ^f Zempelburg, y-,u will no doubt
be mterested in the encbsed dable sh.wlng the Bluhm and Läelskl sltuaUon
^^y c-anments further bebw, xai^* sjtuduon.
Pi"t though the address of my frlend and colleage Dr. Philip Mller HhraH««
of tJeHehrew Unten College rjewlsh Institute ,f Religion in New Yori '
4 1 West 4th Street, New York, New York 10012.
Hls Office number is 212-674-5300.
I am sorry that in the heat ,f conversatl.n I completely forgot to give you this Info.
Nev; Israelski ads:
r
Dr.Israelskl and S-,phle (Seren^e) had a daughter hörn «. Varch 192S RT M»
. BENNr I.RAEL'.KI 53, died U .u,..926. md',w FrimTe mittJ), iwid^n^«,'
and ILSE. Father-ln-lav/ als-) algned: Emil Ritter.
Berlin, G-,ltzstr. 43. Burlan«'elssens«e. BT 377
GUSTAV ISRAELSKI died 3 Apr 1925, no age, n. nanes. Berlin, Beusselstr. 79.
"e was a father and a s-.n-in-lav/. . . BT H9
LESSER ISRAELSKI: he Is the .Ider aeneration .f the farrily whlch owns the
G-.tha Store. Accordlng to my cousin-by-marrlage Henry
Tonson (formerly Tsraelski, and a grandson, f.'INNA ISRAELSKI
K/- ARGOT Tc^pAPTQiTT ! ""'l^' T^ ^^^ ^ECOND xvlfe. I don't know anythina abou't her.
^/ ARGOT ISRAELSKI daughter of Frän.e (-eellger) ISRAELSKI, engaged to PAUL HIRSCH
son of KAX HIRSCH and jrHANNA (KCSMInskI) . b-.th famllles in '
Berlin, date 2« Aug 1925. B^ 407
K< ARTIN ISRAELSKI, Dr.med. marrled to USELTTT (no E) FISCHER. •
Berlin-Charbttenburg - V/estend, Nov 1925.
D/-cr TCDAr-Tovr ^ «?° ^^ ''"^^ *" ^^^ P^P®'' publlshed 5 Nov 1925.
Kt bt ibRAELSKI, age 81, died. no names, no date. BT 159 of 4 April 192S.
Berlin, Rosenthalerstr. 62.
To the enclosed table:
The earllest ISRAELSKI known to me is S. ISRAELSKI. wh. founded the famlly business
L^rrlT.'n ^^*'l'*r!^ ' ''^'"'^ '" -^empelburg In 1859 . I guess he must have
fn^LnVw ,^° ^,^^" »^^ ^*^ "' «^ he was born perhaps 1825. He had a sister H.
marterHE^^^sL^r'.;;'"?^^ f '"'^"i^'' '^^"'^' ^"^^ ^^'l^^O. Their son BERNHARD
w^cü f ♦ ^^u^^' f^"^*"*^" ^^ ^- I^RAELSKI, a flrst-cousm marrlages (there
were some twenty such marrlages in these famllles). Helene's brother is TEISER
It Isjust posslole that S. was not hls father but hls brother, slnce no man age 59 Starts
a new business. If so, the father's Initial may have been different.
'4
rate, thls LES-^ER If5RAELSKI marrledtHHEHBlIBO^ENNHEIM, v.ho must have
dled fairlv younq since MINNA I^RAELSKI was Lesser's second .vife. I don't
kmw her malden name.
ABRAHAM BLUHM's son NEUMANN (1832-1879) marrled Rhl4Jw)iaw!>®<9i«l«
Mrs. Israelski's slster PHIUPPINE BENNHEIM (1839-1882, and ABRAHAM
BLUHM's son JULIUS marrled her bnther Isldpr's daughter raNMA BENNHEIM.
Herbert gave onlv a fev/ dates, and I have none, but It may turn out that some
of the people on m/ cards, whlch tdu copled, fall In place. I will nn'.v check
and s-^ indloate on the encbsed table, *
As I find more Israelskis I will r>f cjurse copy thelnformatt-^n. Just t-. see what
we can catch,
As far as I can determine, the rec^rds of the ZEMPELBTJRG ongregatl^n have
NOT been copled by the LDS, nor are there any at the LBI, When I checked
the LBI catalog, I was sad to find very llttle 'jn m-jst of the ^A'est Prusslan
communlües of Interest to me, I wonder what you saw slnce you mentloned
to me there are Zempelburg records In NYC,
Hopc you had a good tlme In 8F, and not too hot, I am alad I dld not oo "^"'est
In July because we had It xny^X pleasant here whlle the West Coast was bolltng.
11 * . '
V/ith kindest regar<ds^
«■#
CO
CO
lEitnJ^he Auerbach Family, (bySlegfirled M. Auerbach, london 1957. p.97
ARON[HEYNEK^ANN m. BRÜNETTE, CPPERM ANN
T»lil»l Uli I
:l
ALBERT HEYNEMANN m. 1) JENjNI KRAKAU
23 Vay 1886 Haibertstadt
14 Jan. 1903 Halberstadt.
Leathermercha nt
SELLY ISRAELSKI m.
LOTTE G5RTI
K^ARGARETHE HEY^JEIv JC^IN
10 Vay 1874- j
Albert Heynemann' s second wlfe
was Therese Auerbach (1852-1927)
I
XS^j^asui
Alfred \^erner
Freyv« 36
13300 SALTSJÖBADEN
Sweden
Saltsjöbaden, den ik Mai 1979
Sehr geehrter Herr Richter,
Erst heute komme ich dazu, Ihren Brief vom 10/5 zu beantworten.
Leider kann ich Ihnen nicht allzu viel behilflich sein, da die
meisten Urkunden etc. bei verschiedenen Umzue^en abhanden gekommen
sind. Es war intressant zu erfahren, das Ihr Vater bei Her;r^mann
Tietz in der Leipziger Strasse gearbeitet hat. Im Jahr I931 war ich
im gleichen Haus in der Verwaltung als Volomtär angestellt, wo ich
auch oft die Gelegenheit hatte, Alexander Conitzer zu treffen.
Betreffend der Conitzer Gesahäfte lege ich in der Anlage ein Photo-
stat bei, der von der Industrie Bibliothek stammt. Es ist wohl
möglich, dass der Artikel Ihnen bekannt ist.
Betr. Israelski : ist meine Mutter am 26-12-1884 in Muehlhausen/Thr
gebogen und in Sthlm am 22-3-1956 gestorben. Weiter ist mir nur
LISA ( Israelski) PRIEDLANDER bekannt, die die Halbschwester meines
Vaters war. Nachstehend weitere Angaben: "
Tafel I: unbekannt.
Tafel II: Julius I. Der amtliche Geburtstag war am 30-12-1864, ab er
richtige am 6-12-1864. Der Todestag am 30-5-I9I8
Emmäi (Werner) I. siehe Oben.
Toni-Lisa-Gustel , die Schwestern meines Vaters sind die
erste und letztere im KZ. gestorben, dagegen wehnt
Lisa bei ihrem Sohn in Birmingham/England.
Gustels Tochter ist in Muenchen mit Dr. med Erich
Braun verheiratet und können Sie sicher alles nä-
heres von GustelsFrank^ Tochter Ruth Braun erfah-
ren. Die Adresse ist: Riesenf eldstr . 74.
800QMUENGHEN 4q . BRD
Sally I ^s Tochter Gertrud lebt in MontevideOund ist sie
sicher gut Unterricht e^betr : Familie Reich.
Adresse ist tGertie Freed
21 de Setiembre 2875 ap. 504
MONTEVIDEO/ URUGUAY
Zum Schluss noch die Mamen meiner Enkel:
Anita(Werner) Gharron l) Monica Pasqual geb : I3-6-I968
Clermont-Feri and/France
2) Isabelle Lilian j^eb : 23-3-1971
Cayenne/French Guayana
Lilian (iverner) Skiöld l) Anneli Sofia geb : 2-4-1972
Stockholrij/Sweden
2) Jesper Gustav geb: 9-12-1974
Stockholm/ Sweden
I
Tafellll.
Hier ist mir nur die
die ich geschäftlich
se ist ,
Familie Miller in N.Y. bekannt,
einige Male besucht habe. Die Adres-
f al l s sie Ihnen nicht bekannt ist,
Mrs Linda Miller
Riverside Drive, 1793 Apt . 64
New York 34 NY
Tafel IV - IX : Leider sind mir alle Dafen unbekannt, und kenne ich
die Familien nur dem Namen nach.
Ich hoffe, dass obengenannten Angaben fuer Sie Nutzen haben und
zeichne ich Mit besten Gruessen
»#*
^
w
^SÜA^SKI
10.r-''ail 979
Sehr geehrter Herr Werner«
Frau Ilse Jonson (meine Cousine Ilse) war so freundlich, mir
kuerzlich Ihre Adresse aufzugeben, nachdem ich bei Ihrem Halbbruder
um Information ueber die Bennheim-Israeilki Familie bat. Da Ilse
durch meine Arbeiten ueber ihres Vater 's Verwandschaft (Neisser Familie)
an meinem Interesse unterrichtet war, glaubt sie, dass es Ihnen vielleicht
moeglich ist, zu den auf den heiligenden Tafeln weitere Daten und/oder
Namen anzugeben, oder die dort stehenden berichtigen oder ergaenzen zu
ko ennen. Daran liegt mir sehr, zumal es nur noch Wenige der einst sehr
grossen Verwandtschaft gibt, und mir die meisten natuerlich nicht bekannt
sind.
Mein Interesse an der Bennheim Nachkommenschaft stammt von meiner
Verwandtschaft zu der Conitzer Familie, die Ihnen gewiss zumindest durch
die Verbindung der «Jarenhaeuser der Farailie Israelski mit dem Conitz er-
Konzern bekannt. Fweine Grossmutter R'artha Segall geb. Conitzer war eine
Cousine der Inhaber von Conitzer & Co und M. Conitzer Söhne, und durch
sie und ihre Schwester /tfally habe ich in Berlin in den dreissiger Jahren
die meisten Conitzers kennengelernt. Leider bin ich nie nach Coburg oder
Gotha gebommen, habe daher das schoene Haus in Gotha, was noch heute
besteht, gesehen. Da ich in Verbindung mit den Familien Bennheim und
Conitzer auch daran arbeite, eine vollstaendige liste der ehemaligen
Geschaefte und deren Besitzer (und Teilhaber) aufzustellen, waere es mir
sehr erfreulich wenn ich durch Sie vielleicht erfahren koennte, wer von
den Ihnen naeherstehenden Verwandten Geschaefte hatten (und wo, und
von wann bis wann) die im Conitzer iSinkaufskonzern waren. (P.S. F/'ein Vater
arbeitete einige 7 Jahre in dem ?ronzern-Buero im Hause Tietz in der
Leipziger Strasse, bis eben die Geschaefte verkauft waren.)
Ueber die a^feteste Bennheim Generation weiss ich nur das ^-Jenige, was
Sie auf den Tafeln vorfinden. Haette auch sehr gerne den Vornamen der
Grossmutter Israelski und deren Lebensdaten gehabt. Desgl. natuerlich
fuer ihre Geschwister, aber ich wage es kaum, anzunehmen, dass diese Ihnen
bekannt sind, es sei denn, es bestehen noch Familiendokumente, die den
Krieg und die Haswanderung ueber standen haben.
In der Anlage kopiere ich die Daten die ich waehrend meines esen
des BjäRLINiSii TaGüBIATT (1900-193^) gefunden habe, denn ich bin sicher,
einige der dort genannten Israelskis werden Ihnen bekannt sein. Haette
gern gewusst welche von deni«K Genannten zu Ihrem Zweige (d.h. Lesser
israelski) gehoeren.
Wuerde Ihnen fuer die hinzugefuegten bezw. verbesser-
ten Daten, etc. hoechst dankbar sein.
r^'it ergebensten Gruessen
Ihr
John Henry Richter
ISRAEIS<I
, Anzeigen im
BERIINiiliJ 'rA'::jiBI.ATT
< und Allg.Ztg.des
Judentums
DIE FIRMA S. ISRAELSKI in Zempelburg I859 gegruendet, ^^ AUFBAU
\vurde im Januar I909 50 Jahre alt. (AZJ 29 Jan/1909
MRS. ADOLF ISRAELSKI wurde 70 Jahre alt (am 2.Jan.l96l
Anzeige gez. INGRID und JACQUES SIIVIN, Dan Francisco
(AUFBAU 22—9-1961, p.?7
ARTHUR ISRAEISKI, starb am 20.Dez.l96a*in Passaic, N. J. ^
im Alter von 55 Jahren. Frueher Zieskau Kreis Flataw,
und Shanghai (AUFBAU 12 Jan 196I, p.28 (* Anzeige hat 196I)
gez. BETTY (SOflMERFELD) ISRAESIKI (wife. No children) "
BENNO ISRAEISKI und FRAENZE (PITTER) ISHAELSKI zeigen die
Geburt einer Tochter am BT602, 2^ November I903.
(mein eigener Geburtstag i. Jahre 1919). In Berlin.
CARL ISRAEISKI starb am ?. Juni 1921, i.Fa. Israelski &
Robinson. Fraui Fraenze (SeeligerO Israelski. Berlin,
Raabestr.6 BT26/J'. (Alter nicht angegeben;
EMIL und sLI^S (3CHERK) ISRAELSICI: Verrnaehlt. Berlin-
Schoeneberg, Grunewaldstr. 76 an^^ezeigt am 23 Jan.l921,(BT)
ERIMY (WERNER) ISRAßSS::i. 71 Jahr alt, 22 Pvlaerz 1956.
(AUFBAU 6 Apr 1956, p.25) (früher Gotha)
FRIEDA ISRAELSKI verlobt mit EKERICH A. 3AIG0 aus
Budapest. 2^ Dec.1910 (Invalidenstr.132) BT 6^^^ 20 Oec.1910.
FRITZ (LEHi.lANN) ISRAELS KI, starb im 68. Jahre 12 De7..1909,
(P^au vnn GECRG I., hinterliess Kinde-r. Elberfelderstr.47.
BT 633
HANNA ISRAEISKI verlobt mit NATHA1>I JORDAN. Schwetz. f>"aerz
1919. FT 129, 25 Maerz 1919
HELENE ISRAELSKI wurde Buerger, AUFBAU 17 Dez. 1954, p.29
BERTHA FABIAN, unsere Tante und '^rosstante, starb am 12.
Juni 1929 in ihrem 82 Jahre. Gezeichnet JACOB ISRAEISKI und
CLARA (NEUiViANN) ISRAEISKI. starb und begraben in Berlin.
(BT 278. Aus Tuchel.
JACOB ISRAELSKI (soeben genannt) starb am 2.Aug.l934 im 58.
Jahre. Bln-Charlottenburg, Joachimsthal er str, 4. gez. CLARA
(NEUMANN) ISRAEISKI BT 366
JACOB ISRAEI,SKY, 60 Jahre alt, Kaufmann, deportiert vom läge
Riversalte, Frankreich. (Liste 12) AUFBAU 5.r.]aerz 19^3, p. 22.
(moeglicherweise der Sohn von SAIÜEL I., I843-I925. . .?)
LISA (ISRAELSKI) FRIED LÄNDER, 80 Jahre alt am 2i.Jan.i968.
fruehr Gotha, Coburg, Berlin. "Die Kinder und Enitelkinder"
29, Showell Green Lane. BIRraNGHAK, ENGLAND.
(Diese Frau Friedländer ist gewiss eine nahe Verwandte)
LOUIS ISRAELSKI, tK^ÖInzig |:«ajc.,49 Jahre alt, 9 r.^ai I925 in
Berlin. WAIIY (COHN) I., RICHARD und IISE I. (BT 222)
Aus dem WIRTSCHAFTSFUEHERER, 1929, Spalte 1038t
MICHAELIS ISRAELSKI. Vorstandsmitglied von ISRAELSKI
& ROBINSON, Schuhwaren-Grosshandel, Berlin. Geb. 28 Peb.
1874 Topolno Kreis Schv/etz. Arbeitete 10 Jahre lang
fuer BENNO BUKOFZER in Schwetz (auch mit mir verwandt),
dann selbst staendig in Danzig, spaeter in Berlin,
verheiratet, drei Soehne.
SAMUEL ISRAEISKI, starb 81 Jahre alt, Grossvater,
am 21 Jan. 1925 (BT^O). gez. SELM (ROSENTHAL) I,
JAKOB ISRAELSKI und Frau geb. Mendel söhn, und
LINA (ISRAELSKI) SEISSMANN. (Geb. 18^1^3)
I
SIEGFRIED ISRAELSKI, gefallen nach 3 Jahren im Felde,
am 27 fvai I9I8, 39 Jahre alt. Gefreiter in einem Artillerie
Regiment. (BT290). "Unser Bruder. .. " LAX ISRAEISKI.
Berlin-vVilmersdorf, Kaiserplatz 11.
r
/"
isiiU&TCfM
/
RF367
K
V
Verzeichnis der wahlfaehigen Mitglieder der
Juedlschen Gemeinde zu Berlin.
BERLIN
JUEDISCHE GEMEINDE
ABEL Dr. Karl^ Frauenarzt
ALTMANN Fritz, Ingenieur
190 7
(page mlsslng)
Luckauerstr. 5
BERUNER Theodor, Fabrikbesitzer CharU .Kurfuerstendamm
BORCHARDT, Siegmund, Kommerzlenrat Friedrichstr.- 226
BREIT Georg, Rechtsanwalt not 11s ted
CONITZER Alexander, Kfm not 11 s ted
Hermann, Kfm ff^Äieia's 1913
FABIAN
Israel
Alfred^ Kfm
Max, Makler
Moritz, Kfm
Martin, Kfm
Sally, Dr. med.
Samuel^ Dr. med. SanRat
not 11 s ted
not listed
not listed
Linlenstr. 250 (?)
Liegnitzerstr. 34
s<iiJieiCi£Li913
Schbg,Mnchenerstr. 6
Bülowstr. 9 7
~- Siegfried, Schriftsteller
GRÜNFELD, Joachim, Rentier
HIRSCHBERG, Dr. Leopold, Musikdozent Holsteiner Ufer 4
ITTELSON, Siegfried, Bauführer not listed
1913
Potsdamer Str. 118A •
Weissensee,
Charlottenburger Str. 41/;
213 not listed
not listed
Chbg, Mommenstr.66
Wilm, Sächsische Str. 5
Schöneberg, Heilbronnerj
Str. 6
Wllm^ Xantener Str. 24
Potsdamerstr.97
Schbg,Neue Wlnterfeld-
str. 32
Wilm, Xantenerstr. 24
Rosenthalerstr. 2
Reichenbergerstr. 86
Magdeburg er Str. 31
not listed
Chbg Ansbacherstr.38
Chbg Sybelstr.l7
Wilm, Sächsische Str. 9|
# 11738: KOHN, JULIUS, Kfm Schbg, Nollendorfstr. 24
KOPPEL Arthur, Kfm Lützowufer 5
Friedrich, Rechtsanwalt Potsdamerstr. 66
Kurt, Kfm not listed
# 13515 LEWIN, Siegismund, Oberingenieur not listed
LIEBERMANN, Max, Maler Parlser>Platz 7
LUBINSKI Martin, Dr. med. Leipzigerstr.107
LUBLINSKI Alfred Eduard, Justizrat Friedrichstr. 218
Wilhelm Bernhard, SanRat Schillingstr. 13
same
not listed
(19 10: same) not listed
Chbg Fasanenstr.72
Wilm, Kaiserallee 209
Pariser Platz 7
Potsdamerstr. 36'
Friedrichstr. 218
Dönbergstr.2
MICHAELIS, Dr. Leonor Privatdozent,
Professor, Arzt
NEISSER Adolf, Dr. med, SanRat
Adolf, Brauereibesitzer
Eduard, Kfm
Felix, Privatier
Hermann,
Eugen J« , Dr., Kfm
Joseph, Privatier
Justin, Oberlehrer
Motzstro33
Matthäikirchstr. 13
Dennewitzstr. 19
Invalidenstr. 147
not listed
Kai serln-Augusta -Strasse
Potsdamerstr. 39a (with
not listed
Elssholzstr. 20
Leopold ,Kfm, Buchdruckereibesitzer Rosenthalerstr. 3 2
Simon, Kfm not listed
Chbg Schlüterstr.39
not listed
notlisted
Chbg Nettelbecks tr. 10
81 not listed
hls mother, Sophie!)
Kirchbachstr. 7
Chbg Lelbnitzstr. 3
Rosenthalerstr. 32
Lankwltz, Kaiser-Wll-
helmstr. 24/2 6
4i
A/lonatUchc Ä/lutäUuigm f' ^^
iUli
'III
Nr. Zf
APRIL 1981
63» Jahrgang
Grüß Gott,
du schöner Maie"
VolksVuJ ••>»" "
Jctn
.(,. l:.l"»'»">''-''
' F,auN.ch-U-J
bcgrüÄöen
(i.B>. 3)
.l-^r •:^ •■
Wilmersdorf pl
Ehemall>{e Mltachtller. die wir suchen
Hindenburg-Oberrealachule
Gerhard Brederecke (23.5.13), Kurt Brehm (21.4.05). Friedrieh
ll'l'lU' S?^?^*^^*^* (11-5.09 , Harald v. Brockdorff
l'l'nir 2\'"J'=* l' Bfockdorff (22.3.07), Herbert Brodthagen
i^?:^*°»L'. **^*f'' ^"^"^ (22.10.04), Werner Bruder (2.1.15).
Walter Brummer (9.5.11), Werner Buchholz (10.12.14). Bernhard
ll^^^rJ?!-?-^^ • GUjither Buggenhagen (7.3.07). Herbert
Sh m i^;l\°^l' J«*^?""«» Burmester (11.9.09 Werner
? S* J^^^aS?^'«^«^" Buatfhansky (15.7.06), Gerhard Burach-
hardt (3.5.08), Rudolf Buee (21.5.07) xinracn
Treitaehkeaehule (Ref .Realgymn. , ORS, JPG)
Priedrich-Wilhelm v.d. Heyde, Dietrich Hildebrand, Kurt Hilde-
brand, Kurt Hillmann, Karl Hilse, Erich Hinz Dr Karl Hin i
llrl no'l W^-Wr'.^^'''' «^"4 (3aS.?0)r'HerAz''HiJaci-''
berg (10.9.11), Rolf Hirachberg (30.6.14), Hana-Joachim
Hlrachmann, Hana-Ülrich Hochschild. Gerhard Hörnicke f6 ^ 9n^
Eberhard Hörnicke 26.3.17), HeinzlDieter Hoernin« (25 9 2I?' *
!ii^'r2,°?l'^S?*^°v' (18.10 06). Günter Hoff Sann? C§nt er 1;?J1'
^ KI'}^:,]V' Kurt-Gerhard Hofmann (17.8.17). Werner Hof-
nann (28.6.21), Helmuth Hohmann (28.9.24) "erner Hof-
Pichteachule (Gymn., Oberachule)
Hans-Werner Igen (15.9.12), Edwin Igeraheim (12.6.05), Oakar
Igeraheim (23.4.08), Siegbert Igeraheim (27.3.04) Horat
r2flTo.^•^?'^^^**^^?"^°"A(29.1.34) 1;°* laSnburg
(28.5.04). Heinz larael (20.4.06), Harry Italiener (18 4 OOI
-julni? t'lTS ;Vl'" A "" Ittenbach f27.5.02)rEUrAarg°^'
Iwanl t ^kv r it'i iiV' /"""^n!? ''aen^cke (24.9.26 , Anatol von
iwanitzky (23.8.21), Hana-Gfeorg Jachmann (5.7.08). Günter
Jacob (20.11.08), Horst Jacob f28.7.11), Kurt Jacib Mo 5 21^
öünter Jacobi (27.4.29), Kurt JacobowiU (12.1.U°, Hans ^ ^*
(T\%iP-];V^' ^"r £*°?V« (30.5.98) Jürgen JacoSaen
(26.3.18), Alfons Jacobaohn (11.6.00 , Max Jacobaohn (13. 6 05)
Walter Jacobsohn (15.7.99), Harry Jacobson (16 9 20) Rudni?
Scoby"(2^'!6'20?'^.a'"^*n «^^-^^ ^0.3.04) . H^imSUjS J
•;acoDy ^25.10. 20), Sidney Jacoby (7.12,08)
Friedrich-Ebert-Schule (Oberschule, Gymnaaium)
Edwin Grandowski (2.5.26), Wolfcanc Haal^^r ('?i n •^n^ n
9°l^^y ( 12 . 5. 31 ) . Bernd K^ijer f |?f .3?f '"woi?!;;«';^*;^^""
^ l'll'^h '^S'"i"?I^JJ? ^^"°°* (6.4.29) Klauafoilter Nicke
7'7 3?)'*T^"^?iV^^f''°^J'^l (24.11.30), Günter Pabat
Schiarsoi'fjT^nl S*'*r I*;^:'^)' friedrich-Iudolforn
(20 7 ?oT H;^:f°c; «*^*?"* Schöfer (4.6.31). Rudolf Schütz
Pet;r Weil^er ??i^5^??? (16.1.30), Dietrich Sturm (11.8.29).
öl!!5.3lK*lbeiJI;d'-ciilo"(2l ?oS'^""p^'?-^'°^' V'^' ^?i*^
Diethelm Kaiser (29 Q ?!? cl'r^l'^^l\^^^ ,^V^^^ (2.2.31 .
Rehlander (18Ü.32): ^ ^' "^"»ther Kotzur (15.2.31). Otto
Die Volkshochs
Feierlichkeitel
auch Kurse übe|
(Ritter Burchaj
geschichte.
Weiter auf deml
landschaft Will
und Baggerzahn
len Leben Berl
Das Kunstamt p!
teilführers, m^
Stadtteilgesch:
gewendet werdei
Wenn das gepla:
Galerie am Hohi
net werden kanj
des Heimatarch
zerte auf versi
veranstaltet w<
ist schon fest
Sechs Grundschi
und Theatervor
dem finden vom
Festmotto auch
besonderer Fes
für Behinderte
In der Zeit voi
europäischen V(
Schwimmen gepl,
lichkeiten eini
Axel Eggebrechi
Wilmersdorf" e
lesungen ind di
handlungen gep!
In der Zoit voi
internationale
Partner- und Pi
Außerdem sind
eventuell auch
historischer K<
Wilmersdorfer
nen. Der HeimatI
von Wilmersdor:
( Berliner Morg
Die Gründung V(
Aus der Sammli
"Berliner Westel
Nach einem im J
in das Gebiet d
scher aus dem s
hunderte dauern!
gegen Ende des
bewegung ein. i:
Städtebauer, eri
MtUVTaK;
r
^^ u J*""«'.^963 enstchl.ef im 83. Lebensjahr nach
farftem, schweren, mit unendlicher Geduld ertragenem Leiden
meW mnigstgeliebter Mann, unser herzensguter, treusorgender
yater und Schwiegervater
ARCHITEKT
GUSTAV NEUSTEIN
In tiefer Trauer:
Hotel Greystone,
9 I st Street at Broadway,
New York 24. N. Y.
(früher Berlin)
UNA NEUSTEIN, geb. Kohn
Dr. IZAAK und EVA DWORECKI,
Reb. Ittleson
JOHN H. ITTLESON
A09iSAJZrJ^^n^.3f
c:
(
JOHN HENRY RICHTER
1103 .South üniversity Avenu«
Ann Arbor, Michigan !+8lOl^
August 19, 197U
Deal» Mrs. Dworeoki:
t.
ar.A *->,- ^«1 lytBs deUghted indeed to have youp nloa long letter.
bSoir«^nn?i^ 'Tr'' "^y f^^^^^ ^' ^^^« ^« *h^t Publishing indoxef and
?b«^ .n^ * ^®* done unless one does it oneself- with the sad result
1^ ?h«lf jo^^espondence suffers. Since I also havo a small fuU-time
Job, there is not rauch left of the dayor the weelcend, so I caa only
fo^1-h•^oi *''°®?* "^ explanation that I was n ot tr ing to "refcallate"
for the latenesB of yoior reply to my earliep letter , of üct.8 of last
«nri f^oioif ^"^ ?^7! * "^°® Plcture of ynir greatgrandpftronts Crohn,
ana i shall send it as soon as I have c opy, Öy and by, I have the last
and now probably only coUection of r«nxly pictires, and I t?ust I wil?
last long enough to put them all into proper order. I have them in 3-
l[!?Ai^f^®r'.,''''rJr^ on Cardboard, and labeled, but a nee the only ones
likely to look at the fotos are my own children, they nlso need the very
extensive genealogical tables which show who's x/ho.
No^ I do aot have a foto of ypur grandpargnts Kohn • ^^ y^^ could
send me the one you have, I will have a negative made and return the
original to you about two weeks later. ^ find that many of our ancestralj
fotos are yellow by now and slowly fade away , but t hat the copies made
from negatives come out surprisingly well. On my living room wall
now hangs a copy of the foto of Julius and Clara tUchter, presumably thcl
one made for their l|Oth wedding anniversary (1901), of which I also have
the original, ßut the copy is so much better. My greatgran If ather lookec|
every inch the Prussian sergeant he is supposed to have been during his
army service (I haven't boen able to find out much about it, anl have
some doubt that it was a regulär army serviceany^ow: Jews did not ordi-
narily serve in the regulär army before I87O, and f ew if any became NC0||
unless they were professionalsoldiers, which Julius certainly was nbt#
Well, I am sorry the letter took so long to complete, but my index-
ing work got in the way, deadlines really spoil all the fim, and -specia:
ly Publishing deadlines.
Hopinpr to hear from you not too 1 ong from
now, I remain.
wtth Hast wishes for the -^ew ^e<
P.S. Where is your brother living and
what does (or did) he do professionally?
i)oes he live in ^ermany now permaaently?
^
o
Eva Dworecki
305 West End Avenue
New York,N.Y. 10023.
TRafalgar 4-5000.
O
Mr. John Henry Richter
1103 S.Unlversity Avenue
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104.
Dear Mr .Richter :
I received yoxor letter of Oc tober 8. and I am sorry
to inform you that even though I would be delighted to have a
pictxire of my Mother's grandparents from Oranienburg (TMubchen
und husband) - of whom my Mother talked to me extensively and
with great love and affection and loads of fond memorles • I am
sorry to teil you that I have not one picture or additional In-
formation to give you on any member of my Mother 's family, other
than her own parents. (Of whom, by the way, I only have one
picture - do you have any ?)
I would be intereated and delighted to get more of
an Inaight into my Mother* s family tree.
I am sorry to say that we lost touch with Max Nova 's
family, both Ella in Israel and Fritz in Pennsylvania. I don't
know why. Fritz and I have always been on very good terms and I
would be happy to hear from him again.I haven* t seen him since
1949. I don't even know his address anymore.
I am sorry that I cannot be of any help to you, but
will be glad to hear from you again or meet you during your next
Visit to New York.
With kindest personal regards I remain
Yours very sincerely
w^
l^f-^-A--'
Eva Dworecki.
^-^^^^^
()
D
0«Ap Htb, Dtforeokii
Ootob«r 8, 1973
(
. . _ , ^« holidayi «ad a number of uaforttanat« oirotmatanoaa
icapt m« fpom wrltlng to you »apUar, to express my aorrow and sympathy at
your graat loa«, of whioh I haard through tha Aufbau notloa. Sinoa It la
?ft, i**iv**^"*^ ^•*'" **^* ^ talkad to yoxip lata mothap, it ia not avan
llkaly that aha «r^r raantlooad my nama to you, although two ganaratlooa
aarllar, and In Barlla, youp mothar and my grandmothar (Margaratha Kohn
naa aichtap) wara not only coualna but good fplanda, and I ramamber aulta
!j; iv,*""?? 5?***f **^ •'*"'*'i g*tharlag of tha Nalaaar Klan (moatly tha majori ty
or tha 37 flpat and aacond coualna of my grandmothar). Tha laat of thaaa
avanta muat hava bean In 1932, but I raoall meatlng Mra. Nauatain aometlma
latar, and I mat her coualn Dp. Max Nova aa lata aa 19U1» Juat before my
own amigpatlon to thla country, «*w^«» «y
^ . ^ . , Poaaibly, youp mother raantionad me aa that untirina paat
who kept aaking har fop fmlly hlatopy data, and many aha dld know, alnoa
waa, af bv all, at tha graat feativltiaa at the oocaalon of t ha liOth waddln«
annlvaraary of ray greatgrandparanta Juliua and Clara Hiohtap (1901). and
ramambarad, wlthout too mueh Joy, tha anoient aunt Sophia (avarybody I talk
to ramembara har) who maddlad in everybody'a marriaga plana, I hava aoma
mora Import an t hlatorlcal notaa going back to 1760, but find faw ralatlvaa
nowadaya who aro intareatad. Sign of tha timea. Ona who la la ona of Max
«ova'a grandaona in King of Pruaaia, Pa,
M ^ . /,r,z«x ^* ^^* "°** unfortunata that during my laat vialt to
"aw rork 11967), your mothar waa 111 and underatandably could not aaa m;
«??!.•" inter atad than, and atill am, to know whathar aha had brought
with har fron Aar lin any family fotographa of tha oldar ganeration. I hava
quita a ramaricabla collaotion, but nothing lika picturaa of all tha Neiaaar
brothara and alatara of Qpanianburg (I do hava fotoa of your graatgrandmothar
laublna, tha aldeat aistar of my greatgandmothar Clara Nalaaar rfichtar).
Whan I mada my one and only vlait to Oranienburg, I aaw tha old houaa tha
fathar of tha girla b^ilt Un I830), but it waa alraady riakyto taka picturaa.
and ao I dld not. I alao aaw hla grava and that of hia wlfa (I hava fotos of
both aa wall aa of fea£ fatharl), but Lord only knowa whathar tha littla
camatary la atill exiating. All in all, in part through Hana Schoanfald,
■»• laarnad a lot about our mutual anceatora, and dug up other data in tha
raoorda I looatad alaewhara (aoma ara in Jeruaalam). If you or your brothar
ara intaraatad at all, I ahall ba glrd to ahara ray knowUdga with you. It
ia all that ia laft of our paat.
_ ^o any caaa, I ahould ba vary happy to haar from you, and
1 only ragrat that my firat lattar to you waa cauaad by tha graat losa you
hava auatained. » o «
Raraainlng,
Slncaraly,
John Henry Richter
( ^
• ^*»*> »jafcm.* •
«>• «^'t.i.t .
f.
• t
M
In loving memory of my
unforgettable husband
ALFRED HAHN
my beloved mothcr
RACHEL POPPER
and my dear hrothers
LEO POPPER
(Geneva, Switzcriand)
PAUL POPPER
(New York)
Isa Hahn
family and friends
In loving memory of cur immediate past Presi-
dent, lifelong Member and Friend of AUFRAm
and NEW WORLD CLUB AUFBAU
4 k
DR. NORBERT GOLDENBERG
For the Board of Directors:
Jerr> A. Bruiull,
Presidenl and Publlsher
Dr. Hans Steinitz,
Editor and Vice President
In loving njemory of my parcnts
•fS3-
HD »«rtN A
In loving memory' of our beloved
S'WORLD Cl[;;'^^' "^"^^-' ^^
ERNST HEUMANN
For the family:
Heidi Heumann
In Memoriam
In memory of my beloved parents
GUSTAV and LINA NEUSTEIN
(geb. Kohn)
and my dear husband
IZAAK JAN DWORECKI, M.D.
wortn livinc.
not
Eva Dworecki
Wir vermissen schmerzlich
unsere geliebte
Der vVV)chenabschniff
» ' »
*'Schlach''
Und Mose entsandte sie duK 1 ^f».w i^
er sprach .u ihnen z2 te^"nt"T,"^'"'''r''''-
ers,e„e, ,las Gehirne- mZr, ,3, ^^/"'^"""^^ ""-/
FTonimc Sage berichtet'
erosse und ^f-.ri.. u . J ^^^' Manche Lander ha
«... d. « S:.n:r- ;s;r sr;*: "-" »^
Und ah,„jSc, "'" "*""'*'»«ta Ifcnoh, ub,r d« OeW
Josepii Maia
We
mourn the death of our beloved mother
>"other-,n-law, s.sler. Oma and Unmia
ADE GREENB/ ?
-i
~ nee Hausman
(formerly Marktbreit/Schlücl;
I
who left uson May 17, 1984 at ihl
Martin and Marpje
C (T7
r
1^
^
m
RF^6?
;
dL
[t^c^K^L)
\
6/91
NAKEL SUPPLEMENT) FSA 2176
NAKEL --It'
IT2IG-
148
LEISER EPHPAIM KALLMANN, 37, 4 years in Nakel 00 LOPE
FRANZOS af Ihovrazlaw, 37.
son MORITZ, 8.
RSA 2174: List of Jews naturalized 1833-1835
page
5
17
19
23
27
29
«
31
33
37
39
41
59
65+127
117
21
24
SCHMUEL ALEXANDER and HENDEL MICHEL, both 32 yrs old
EPHRAIM KALLMANN, 65, ESTBR ITZIG, 51
LEISER KALLMANN, 31
SCHMUEL ALEXANDER, 32, tailor
(duplicate ent y? ?
123
LEWIN BAEPWALD, 39, merchant (Materialwaren)
KALLMANN JACOBSON , 33, grain & wool,
LEWIN JACOBSOHN, 30, merchant (leather)
APON EPHRAIM KALLMANN, 35, grain & wool merchant
LEWIN FLATOW , 47, Leather & wog) merchant
LEWIN HIRSCH BASCHWITZ, 63
KALLMANN LEWINSOHN BASCHWITZ , 35, merchant (Schnittwaren)*
MAPCUS EPHRAIM KALLMANN, "open störe"
JACOB ITZIG. 27. merchant with Mate ialwaren
MOSES MICHEL COHN, 47, Posamentier
ARNDT KALLMANN 31, Baker ( ?) also as ApON WAGROWITZ'
WAGBOW) (Wogigrowitz) (Baker or Hfter)
JACHIEL COHN, with wife and S child m total 3, shoemaker, 44 years
(no age given) in NakeU
Widow ZORE JACOB ITZIG, 61. merchant, 2 children
6/^1 SU PPLEMENT
NAKEL
-((
GSU
i»<MvK<l
1, 184 443 USA 2176
NAKEL
18 3 5
( date of 1 ist not given)
6
12
18
52
61
LEWIN JACOBSOHN 30, nati ve of Nakel, married HITZE, 23
ABRAHAM EPHARI M KALLMANN, 44, Native, GD» El PRA MENDEL.
38, of Flatow. *
sons MENDEL ,13, and LEWI N 2 1/2
daughters: ROSETTCHEN, 18, CHARLOTTE , 16, HEDE 14.
J E TTE 12, HANCHEN 7, ROSE 6, BERTA 3
MICHEL MOSES , 17 CO EVA SALOMON, 76, of DHUTSCH-CRONE.
45 years in Nakel
MOSES MICHEL, (Schmucler?), 46 years in iNakel,:« 26(7» 00 ZIMCHE
KALLMANN , 35, of Wongrowitz .
sons: SALOMON, 20, NATHAN 18, MICHFL , 5, FRUMET 16,
daughters; FPUMET 16, ESTHER, 14, VOGEL, 9, EVE 1 1/2.
JACHIEL MICHEL, 44, 26 years in Nakel, 00 RACHEL, 36, maidenname JACOB.
36, (Rachel Jacob of ZEMPELBURG) son Michel 19.
18: MICHEL MOSES OD EVA SALOMON
MOSES MICHEL
00 2) ZIMCHE KALLMANN
JACHIEL CO HN
00 RACHEL JACOB
EVA (1834?) 00
OSER CONITZER
MICHEL (COHNBERG)
00
EPNESTINE OOHN
63
94
109
112
145
g m
;^M' :■
>*.•►<•.♦•/<.•.»»♦
SCHMUEL ALEXANDER, 32, b. Nakel, 00 «EICHEL MICHEL
of Chodziesen, 33
daughters: NACH, 7, RACHEL, 6, ZIREL,4, KEILE, 2, CHANA, 8 days
OSEHALEXANDEP, 48, native, OODOBRISCH SCHMUEL of Nal
JUDA, 18, Gumpricht , 15, JOSEPH, 13, LEVIN, 9, ITZI
SCBBiOBLl 1/4, JETTE 15, SCHEINLE 8,
KALLMANN JACOBSOHN, 36, b. Nakel, 00 ESTHER MAPCÜS (
son: JACOB, (.
KALLMANN.
EPHRAIM KALLMANN, 34, i
LEISER . 14. KALLMANN.
N A K E L -14-
AUDIIIONAL iff=CMAlION fran reoding of tne recoj
FILM D 4086 (6SU 715 114) DtATHS. 1848-1858
poge i
mss
oote of aeath
/
11
12
13
13
41
41
42
42
am
35
COfaiRG
17 July 18/Ö
)ShS MICHLL COHT^ Hcndelsmann 86:.
Tnis is tne rigwt m.m.c.
JtNNY COH^BLRG OOU JULIUS 2 doys 25 Dec 18/3
3 (33) L£YSER mmm.
43 yrs
12 (1/6) msrm mmm^ teocher 7o
N
20 61/) ARNDT KALLMANN iTorse dealer. b4
26 (456)
MARRlAGhS
13
U
13
43
51
6 (55)
MARIDS tPHRAlM KALÜIANN
(1854-67
NAIHAN (X)HN 00 LENE ZACHARIAS
28N0V 18/8
15 July 1855
Ib June 1865
2y Dec 18/0
3 Aug 1856
MICHAEL
(X)HN1£RG
?.!<••?.
RDSALIt Blum
24 Feb 1873
3 (16) m\\m ITZIG m. widow Nochcm Marcus gep. Johanna
2 (21) LhYStR KALUIANN ond PAULINE HIRSCHBtRG
18 Sept 1851
13 Feb 1851
ALPHABtTlJ>(>tS VbRZtlCH^lS DER BEI DER KDtNIGLlCHBM GERICHTS COtllSSlON
I and II ZU NAKhL ANGEMELüETtN JUDEN (18^18-52)
10
10
10
11
11
40
«»9
8y
loy
163
214
248
COrt^. NATHAN, tailor .and JtTTt (ALh)(ANDER)
tneir daughter tmestlne (Esther) 1 Feb i84y
NICHAEL COFfIBERG cnd ERNEbTINE CüH^
thelr dau PAULli€ COHI^IBERG
NATHAN COhfl ond JtTTt bat OStR AliXANDtR
daughter DOBRISCH
MiCHAtL ComBERB ÄND EC son JACOB
I Moy 1849
21 fvr 1850
;4 Axt 1850
CombERG. M & EC
NATHAN COffI & JtTTt A.
MlCHtL COFflBERG ANü EC
son KALLMANN 1 Moy 1852
son OSER 24 July 11813
OGü BERI HA 16 Aug 1853
ÄTHAN com G stlllDom child 20 Jon 1855
386
MlCm COHNBERG diu EC
dau DORCHEN 2 Aug 1857
iSj contlnued)
# Ncraes
12 168 NATHAN COHN & LfNh
• I«:
12
i>l
9
b
13
%9 MlCHiL COH^BERG
57^
/
b76
669
CatmEPß
COmBERG
/3 (vol. II) COHNBtRG
1/9
am
oöu m:\€L
NAKhL -15-
date
31 Sep 1858
C384) NATHAN
son NAT>^AN 3 May 1869
SOn ALI£RT 10 Sep 1860
aou OARA 22 NOV 1861
son SIEGRIbD 18 May 1867
dOU LINA 24 ^ 1866
son BRUNO 11 Apr 1872
son DAVIi) 19 Aug 1857
BlRTHS 1823-1832 (BMD)
16
11
18
17-18
13
m
62
12
20
m 22
MARRIAGE:
150 ^
80
28
1£ATH
10
16
12
mmm MOStS son of Moses Michel Com and Zirache
(Kallnmn) Moses M. is a 5>crinuckler.30 July 1825
Britn 8 Aug 25
BhNJMIN JACOBSONS. SOn Of KALU^IANN JACOüSOffl dld ERNESTINE
MARCUS on 23 NOV 1825. Brith 1 Dec 182b
NOTE: I he parents here are Moses Michel and Hinoe (Falck) .
tney cre not relatives of ours. Both Itl Com oid tnis
Moses Michel lived onü rolsed fanilies at tne scrae
tut apparently are NOT re
MUSES MIOEL COHN AND ZK
M^ and ZK
dau VEILCHEN (Florentlne?)
20 Moy 1828
son MICHAEL 10 Sept 1830 ßrith 28th
LEYSER ALhXANDER and FEINE, dau of Mchael Moses. Merchont
dau ZüRE m Oct 1830
£
s tne son of
ISRAEL SCHlUtL
SCHUEL
üaughter of ISRAEL SChWJtL 'ichnuckrer. and HlNDE , \l^
Dot itzig Meyer, and is deceosed/ r^^^,/o ^
MUSES M com AlND ZK scn JUDA 5 FeD 1857 "
[y'
saue
son GABRIhL 18 June 1839
MICf£L MOStS.^oge 76 on 14 Jon 1836 inot the father of Moses
Michel. OS I see it now. . .
r^ M, u!?}s chlldren are recorded as JACOB MIC^£L (oge 48).
Moses Michel (38). üobrisch m. JAKOB LEWlN (46). L£IE m.
SALOMON DAVID (45L Fhlft m. LEYSER ALE)(ANDER (3b). recheCk
MINDLL BAERW\LD. WldOW. d.5 AUQ 1836 ooe 60
THE NATURALIZED JEWS OF THE GRANDY DUCHY
OF POSEN IN 1834 and 1835
An Alphabetical list of Jews Naturalized in the Grand Duchy of Posen
in 1834 and 1835
as Published in
Verzeichniss sammtlicher naturalisierten Israeliten
im Grossherzogthum Posen
by Isidor Hirschberg
in Bromberg
in 1836
Compiled by
Edward David Luft
with a Foreword by
Rabbi Malcolm H. Stern, D.H.L, D.D.
of the American Jewish Archives
h?7
ien Character
Datum des Pa
Gerber
27-7-183A
Handelsmann
13-10-183
indal Rantier
3-9-1835
Handelsmann
23-5-1835
iskel Handelsmann
17-7-1834
Handelsmann
27-7-1834
Schneider
12-7-1834
Gerber
12-2-1835
Handelsmann
17-7-1834
Ackervlrth
18-8-1834
Handelsmann
23-8-1834
Krugpch.
14-8-1835
Handelsmann
28-6-1834
iellg Kntr. u. SchÄtr.
29-8-1834
Kant. u. SchÄchtr.
28-6-1834
Glaser
27-6-1834
Kürschner
17-7-1834
Handelsmann
17-7-1834
Kaufmann
27-6-1834
?ye Handelsmann
21-8-1834
Handelsmann
28-6-1834
Handl. Uo Fhrm,
17-7-1834
Matrh, u. Schkr.
10-3-1835
Fleischer
11-6-1834
Unt. Rabiner
8-9-1834
Nagelschmldt
8-9-1834
Handelsmann
28-6-1834
Handelsmann
12-7-1834
Rabiner
26-7-1834
Matr. u, Lederhl.
21-4-1835
Handelsmann
12-7-1834
Handelsmann
30-9-1834
SchÄn.
12-9-1834
Handelsmann
30-9-1834
LeinwandhÄndler
8-9-1834
1 Pferdehändler
11-7-1834
i Kaufmann
21-4-1835
Kaufmann
8-9-1834
Kaufmann
15-8-1834
Kaufmann
28-1-1835
Handelsmann
3-3-1835
Kaufmann
10-6-1834
Ackerbe sitzer
30-12-1834
Pferdehändler
19-8-1835
=ilomon Pferdehändler
21-3-1835
omon Handelsmann
10-6-1834
Spr.- u. Bierbr.
9-9-1834
Schänkerin
7-8-1834
Handelsmann
11-7-1834
Kaufmann
11-8-1834
Handelsmann
22-9-1834
Kaufmann
28-12-1834
Handelsmann
18-7-1834
Schneider
28-8-1834
Hat*- u« Schnkr*
18-2-1835
f
" T^P
Seite Wohnort
119 Uscs
119 Uacx
129 RogowD
56 Tirschtiegel
14 Nakel
106 Forden
117 Exin
9
21
21
21
7
66
21
66
95
81
3
3
50
60
9
9
Birnbaum
Graetz
Graetz
Graetz
Schwerin
Posen
Graetz
Posen
119 Margonin
40 Sandburg
Obrzycko
Kempen
Ostrowo
Ostrowo
130 Gembic [II)
129 PakoÄi
97 Wronke
Krotoschin
Obornik
Birnbaum
Bi rnbaum
115 Miasteczko
66 Posen
66 Posen
119 Uscz
66 Posen
106 Fordon
123 Inowraclaw
105 Bromberg
66 Posen
123 Inowraclaw
105 Bromberg
66 Posen
106 Fordon
106 Jacobi
7 Schwerin
57 Rogasen
87 Kumik
87 Kumik
112 Filehne
126 Gnesen
87 Kumik
66 Posen
125 Gniewkowo
106 Fordon
123 Inowraclaw
41 Gostyn
108 Gollancz
Familien« und Vornamen
Israel, Marcus
Israel, Meier
Itiig, Abraham
Itzig, Bendix
Itzig, Jacob
Itzig, Leyser
Itzigsohn, Eliakim
Itzigsohn, Heymann
Jablonski, Casriel
Jablonski, David
Jablonski, Götz Itzig
♦Jablonski, Jeremies
Jablonski, Markus Abraham
Jablonski, Michaelis
Jablonski, Moritz
Jachmann, Nathan
Jacob, Aron
Jacob, Eisak
Jacob, Eisig
Jacob, Gabriel
Jacob, Heymann
Jacob, Hirsch
Jacob, Itzig
Jacob, Joel
Jacob, Kaskel
Jacob, Kassel
Jacob, Mendel
Jacob, Michael
Jacob, Moses
Jacobi, Abraham Mendel
Jacobi, Aron
Jacobi, Aron
Jacobi, Aron Mendel
Jacobi, Baer Lewin
Jacobi, David Abraham
Jacobi, Emanuel
Jacobi, Gabriel
Jacobi, Jacob Hirsch
Jacobi, Jacob Lewin
Jacobi, Julius
Jacobi, Meyer Lewin
Jacobi, Salomon Baer
Jacobi, Salomon Isaac
Jacobi, Samuel
♦Jacobi, Samuel
Jacobi, Scheye Emma
Jacobi, Wolff Marcus
Jacobinska, Wittwe Jette
Jacobinski, Leib
Jacobsohn, Hartwig
Jacobsohn, Hirsch
Jacobsohn, Hirsch Wolff
Jacobsohn, Joel Wolff
Jacobsohn, Joseph Abraham
Jacobsohn, Joseph Jacob
Character
Datum des Patents
Tuch. u. Schnitth.
Kaufmann
Bck. u. Brennpch.
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Fleischer
l^ichhändler
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Gürtler
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Lehrer
Lehrer
Lehrer
Wollhändler
Brenner
Handelsmann
Kürschner
Kaufmann
Tabaksfabrikant
Brauer, Bck., Gst.
Kaufmann
Schmukler
Handelsmann
Hdlm. u. Bäcker
Pacht, u. Hausbes.
Handelsmann
Partlkulier
Kaufmann
Holzhändler
Partlkulier
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Händler
Kaufmann
Partlkulier
Destillateur
Kaufmann
Schneider
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Wollhändler
Partlkulier
Kaufmann
Schänkerin
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Färber
Kaufmann
Schächter
Schnitthändler
26-8-1834
18-2-1835
25-5-1835
13-1-1835
11-8-1834
5-1-1835
18-2-1835
11-7-1834
11-9-1834
11-9-1834
5-3-1835
21-3-1835
5-8-1834
11-9-1834
8-9-1834
28-1-1835
10-9-1834
25-7-1834
20-12-1834
28-6-1834
28-6-1834
11-6-1835
2-12-1834
18-8-1834
22-9-1834
25-11-1834
11-7-1834
11-7-1834
2-9-1834
8-9-1834
8-9-1834
20-9-1834
8-9-1834
18-9-1834
31-10-1834
11-8-1834
8-9-1834
31-10-1834
11-8-1834
8-9-1834
18-9-1834
28-1-1835
10-6-1834
13-9-1834
7-8-1834
7-8-1834
5-2-1835
30-4-1835
7-8-1834
8-9-1834
20-11-1834
18-9-1834
31-10-1834
12-10-1834
13-9-1834
8
39
# •
(TWV^-
(")
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AWii<o<. YA^^MA^^M Hl
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^u».
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f
nv^nmaMPi
r(2(^
S^'S^L,
IJIllO-
l].^j)i?Z¥^^^^yy^
I
SP
v«^
l-A\JiA^ llMlEi.
X
^,\7.
(lk)AS
'"'"^^•■"■wiw««»^»
ip^ N.AT(i^
(^frf^\^^ß(:fyUr^./j7^/;2f
1^
flLi^ö
^ifelOMWiO ^ l^fo/-,! P>viif.i1^-^(Urte>l-^a>-.i^
■> I 9
wrm^fmimmm*
I I I ' II «' n »»*WW— W
11/89
ITZIG (NAKEL)
( Notes of ALICE COHNBErG, received 1978 in Berkamsted from Mrs. Rost)
KaftKCyKBat^QgaäKÖK
U (k(^^)
'^9ß.uiNJ
NATHAN ITZIG was a brothe r of FITZ CH EN JACO BSOHN
UH^..W^^ l married SCHEINCHEN (her second marriage. In her first, she had a daughter
SARA CO MEIER MICHELSOHN
two sons of NATHAN ITZIG and FITZCHEN (Fiese?)
^ DAVID ITZIG 00 JENNY BERWIN of Lissa. He was a grain dealer in Nakel
,N but died in Berlin,
1/ ISIDOR ITZIG, died Single
^ y. . \ David had two children:
ANNA GD SIEGMUND WEDELL, attorney in Berlin
ERICH ITZIG 00 STELLA BIERMANN of Scheveningen, Holland
he changed his name to BERWIN
NATHAN ITZIG married a second time MINNA FALK of Schneidemuehl
«
(notesS; pe 2b:
ALEXANDER ITZIG fist 00 sister of Schoenchen (Nathan' s wife) ^
children: a) ISIDOR ITZIG 00 ANNA OELSNEffiof Reichenbach/Süesia
grain and bank business in Berlin, no eh.
b) FLORA GD MORITZ DAUS, DKo MED, , Berlin
XDXBXHÖBORGDOOXHaX <)DR. MED, SIEGFRIED DAUS GD gentile, 1 daughter
in GLEIWITZ
i^JKLARA 00 DR„ MED, BRUNO HAAKE, noch,
3) WALTER DAUS Single
ALEXANDER ITZIG 2nd 00 ... DAUS, sister of JVIORITZ DAUS
children:
CAESAR DAUS married, Hannover, no eh,
OTTILIE 00 SALLY HERRMANN, owned a brewery
in Nakel
SELMA HERRMANN 00 attorney HUGO ZIPPER':|
Koepenick
one daughter: MARGIT
SIEGBERT HERRMANN, merchant, GD Gentile
GERTRUD MAKOWSKI,
went to Sao Paulo, no eh.
HERRMANN HERRMANN (7 ?) sinffle
Selma: Schizophrenie,
incurably 111 (nerves)
last note: MOTHER OF NATHAN ALEXANDER (+= brothers)
^- P HITZCHEN ITZIG called Die Bobe, died Nakel 1872,"^ 90 years old.
5/88
(GSU 715 114)
page DATE
#
NAKEL -6-
21C
•»
1.1'.
12 1:9 Jan 58 406
15
39
40
45
46
46
OSER COHN, son S. COHN + SCHEINCHEN dau OSER ALEX.WDErJ
12 2l(?)Sept 58 438 RECHEL COHN, dau NATHAN + LEHNE (ZACHARIAS)
12 3 May 59 469 NATHAN COHNBERG, son of MICHEL + ERNESTINE
12 10 Sep 1860 514 ALBEET COHNBERG, same
12 22NOV1861 576 SARA(?) COHNBERG, same
13 18 May 64 669 SIEGFRIED COHNBERG, same
13 29 Dec 1866 v.II #10 LINA COHNBERG, same
14 11 Apr 1872 179 BAER BRUNO (?) , son of DORIS COHN, Single.
22 Dec 1872 206 JENNY COHNBERG, dau JULIUS COHNBERG + ROSACBLUIv^
19 Oct 52 180 ITZIG ITZIG . son of NATHAN ITZIG + SCh6nCHE(SAL0M0N)
19 July 57 384 DAVID ITZIG ^ snn NATHAN ITZIG + HANNCHEN (DAVID)
45 23 Sep 1848 13 EPHRAIM ARON KALLMANN, son ARON K. and JETTE (HENOCH)
45 11 Jan 50 78
3 Dec 50 115
45 29 Aug 52 172
22 Oct 53 222
CHAIM (HEINRICH) KALLMANN , son of Mt JACOB R/IARCUS K.
and PHIUPPINE (FRIEDLÄNDER)
FROMMErKAXLMANN , dau (as above)
EPHRAIM KALLMANN, same
SCHEWA (SELMA) KALLMANN, dau LESSER K. , Buchhändler, and
PAUIINE (HIRSCHBERG)
46 18 Nov 54 259 EPHRAIM FELIX KALLMANN, son LESSm + PAULINE
46 2 May 55 279
11 Mar 56 317
46 15 Apr 56 323
HERSCH (HUGO) KALLMANN, son JACOB MARCUS + PHILIPPINE
BEJAMIN KALLMANN, son J.M.K.+ PHILIPPINE
CHAJE (JOHANNA) KALLMANN, dau LEISER =Lesser
47 12 June 57 380 CHAJE (JOHANNA) KALLMANN, dau JACOB + PHIUPPINE
47 12 June 57 381
47 3 June 58 427
HENOCH (THEODOR) KALLMANN, son LEYSER + PAULINE
LEIB (LEOPOLD) KALLMANN, son LEYER + PAULINE
47 11 Mar 59 463
JACHET (IDA) KALLMANN, dau JACOB + PHILIPPINE
/
RF^fo?
fv
US*. V'»
THE NATURALIZED JEWS OF THE GRANDY DUCHY
^ OF POSEN IN 1 834 and 1 835
(
t
f
An Alphabetical List of Jews Naturalized in the Grand Duchy of Posen
in 1834 and 1835
as Published in
Verzeichniss sämmtlicher naturalisierten Israeliten
im Grossherzogthum Posen
by Isidor Hirschberg
in Bromberg
in 1836
Compiled by
Edward David Luft
with a Forewoid by
Rabbi Malcolm H. Stern, D.H.L, D.D.
of the American Jewish Arcbives
f^7
-.«miM»i)ry»^
,\%
l
II!
II :
Seite Wohnort
114
Nakel
1
Rasekov
114
t^l^tf 1 -
121
Saaocsjn
116
Schubin
122
SchneldenAhl
42
RA%rlcz
118
Labischln
97
Wronke
106
Fordon
116
Lobsenz
108
Wongroirlec
16
Unruhe ta dt
111
Genblc [I]
7
Schwerin
38
Schmiegel
53
Ben t sehen
18
Bomst
3
Oetrovo
85
Schildberg
5
Adelnau
40
Sandberg
128
Powltr
40
Sandberg
126
Gnesen
118
Labischln
103 Mlloslaw
66
Posen
56
Tlrschtlegel
103 Miloslaw
76
Schwersenz
89
Schrinm
102
Wre sehen
77
Schwersenz
77
Schwersenz
38
Schmiegel
103
Mlloslaw
114
Nakel
77
Schwersenz
92
SantoayAl
66
Posen
92
Santoajrll
66
Posen
54
Meserltz
66
Posen
126
Gnesen
39
Czenpln
35
Fraustadt
126
Gnesen
92
Santovyll
95
Obrzycko
92
SantoajrAl
81
Kenpen
35
Fraustadt
35
Fraustadt
Familien" und Vornanen
Jacobsohn, Kallaann
Jacobaohn, Lasarus
Jacobsohn» Levln
Jacobaohn, Levy
Jacobsohn, Notes
Jacobsohn, Peter
Jacobsohn, Saloaon
Jacobsohn, Sanuel
Jacobsohn, Seelig
Jacobaohn, Wolff
Jacobs söhn, Nblff Jacob
Jacobstanm, Jacob
Jacoby, Abraham
Jacoby, Ephraim
Jacoby, laaac Michael
Jacoby, Lewy Hirsch
Jacoby, Marcus Lewin
Jacoby, Salomon
Ja cubowl cz , Be na 8 ch
Jacubovlcz, Joachim
Ja cubowl cz , Sa lomon
Jacubowskl, Hirsch
Jacubowskl, Hirsch
Jacubowskl, Hirsch Halm
Jacusslel, Moses Lewin
Jadownlk , Samue 1
Jaffa, Abraham
Jaffe, Abraham Jacob
Jaffe, Bflr Aron
Jaffe, David
Jaffe, Ellas
Jaffe, Hirsch
Jaffe, Leyser
Jaffe, Ludwig
Jaffe, Marcus
Jaffe, Marcus Michel
*Jaffe, Mendel
Jaffe, Moritz
Jaffe, Raphael
Jaffe, Samuel
Jaffe, Schle
Jaffe, Schue Lewin
Jakler, Ephraim
Jakler, Hirsch Aron
Jakob, Robert
Jakublnskl, Heinrich
Jakubowskl, Ichel
Jakubowskl, Robert
Jalenklevlcz, Hirsch
Jalowlcz, Hirsch
Jalowlcz, Joel
Jalowlcz, Paul
Janower, Lflbel Jonas
Japha, Israel Samuel
Japha, Jacob
Character
Datum des Patent^
Getr.- u. Uollhl.
Tabacksplnner
Lederhindlsr
BIcksr
Kaufmann
Schlnker
Privat lehre r
Kaufmann
Kürschner
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Becker
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Schneider
Pferdehändler
Schnkr. u* Flschr*
Fisch« u* Schnkr.
Schflnker
Schneider
Tuch- u. Hathd«
Fleischer
Kfm* u* Schflkr*
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Rab. u. Kantor
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Dr. med. et chir.
Kaufmann
Rablner
Kaufmann
Lehrer
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Holzhflndler
Handelsmann
Mate rialhAnd 1er
Handelsmann
GalanterlehUndler
Tuchhflndler
Fleischer
Handelsmann
Lieferant
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Nadler
11-8-1835
25-6-1834
2-9-1834
9-10-1834
28-8-1834
10-3-1835
11-9-1834
21-4-1835
18-8-1834
25-10-1835
6-10-1834
3-11-1834
18-7-1834
25-8-1835
10-6-1834
27-6-1834
12-7-1834
12-6-1835
9-7-1834
29-8-1834
26-7-1834
10-9-1834
13-4-1835
10-9-1834
2-11-1834
21-4-1835
13-9-1834
15-8-1834
16-7-1834
13-9-1834
13-9-1834
23-8-1834
11-7-1834
13-9-1834
13-9-1834
27-6-1834
1-8-1834
6-2-1835
13-9-1834
11-7-1834
3-8-1834
11-7-1834
31-7-1834
7-7-1834
8-9-1834
23-5-1835
9-7-1834
2-7-1834
7-4-1835
11-7-1834
25-7-1834
11-7-1834
21-8-1834
2-7-1834
2-7-1834
40
■.<s
'U
mmm
6
12
18
52
61
6/^1 Sü PPLEMENT
GSU
i»<»:>.<j
1, 184 443 RSA 2176
NAKEL -.//-
LIST OF MEMBEPS OF THE SYNAGOGÜE ( CONCREGATION) IN NAKEL
18 3 5
( date of 1 ist not given)
LEWIN JA|gOJg£OHN , 30, nati ve of Nakel, married HITZE, 23
^•^vi>.T^/::v:i ^^►
ABRAHAM EPHARIMKALLMANN, 44, Native, GD« (ZI PRA MENDEL
38, of Flatow. '
sons MENDEL ,13, and LEWIN 2 1/2
,1^,SJ*®'1^- rosettchen, 18, CHARLOTTE , 16, HEDE 14.
J E TTE 12, HANCHEN 7, ROSE 6, BERTA 3 '
MICHEL MOSES , 17 00 EVA SALOMON, 76, of DBUTSCH-CRONE
45 years in Nakel
MOSES MICHEL, (Schmucler?), 46yearsinitJakel, 3« 26 (?J) CO ZIMCHE
KALLMANN , 3 5, of Wongrowitz ,
sons: SALOMON, 20, NATHAN 18, MICHFL , 5, FRUMET 16.
daughters: FPUMET 16, ESTHER, 14, VOGEL, 9, EVE 1 1/2.
JACHIEL MICHEL, 44, 26 years in Nakel, 00 RACHEL, 36, maidenname JACOB,
36, (Rachel Jacob of ZEMPELBURG) son Michel 19.
18: MICHEL MOSES OD EVA SALOMON
MOSES MICHEL
00 2) ZIMCHE KALLMANN
JACHIEL CO HN
00 RACHEL JACOB
EVA (1834?) 00
OSER CONITZER
MICHEL (COHNBERG)
00
EPNESTINE COHN
63
94
109
112
145
SCHMUEL ALEXANDER, 32, b. Nakel, 00 REICHE L MICHEL
j .-X ., ^ - of Chodziesen, 33
daughters: NACH, 7, RACHEL, 6, ZIREL, 4, KEILE, 2, GHANA, 8 days
OSEÜALEXANDEP, 48,native, 00 DOBRISCH SCHMUEL of Nakel, 39.
iiPAt^^'^^^J'^ic***;!^ JOSEPH, 13, LEVIN, 9, ITZIG . 5.
SCHÄlüBLl IM. JI^TTE 15. STTtriktf ft ' * ' *
KALLMANN JACOBSOHN,
son: JAOÜB, (.
KALLMANN,
■:;>
EPHRAIM KALLMANN, 34, native, 00 GITEL HENOCH MOSES. 32
LEISER , 14, KALLMANN, 11, MOSES, 9, JACOB , 6, MARCUS , 4.
6/91
NAKEL SUPPLEMENT) RSA 2176
NAKEL ~)Zr
148
LEISER EPHPAIM KALLMANN, 37, 4 years in Nakel 00 LOPE
FPANZOS af Ihowrazlaw, 37.
son MOPrrZ, 8.
HSA 2174: List of Jews naturalized 1833-1835
page
5
17
19
23
27
29
31
33
37
39
41
59
65+127
117
21
24
SCHMUEL ALEXANDER and HENDEL MICHEL, both 32 yrs old
EPHRAIM KALLMANN, 65, ESTBR ITZIG, 51
LEISER KALLMANN, 31
SCHMUEL ALEXANDER, 32, tailor (duplicate ent y? ?
LEWIN BAEPWALD, 39, merchant (Materialwaren)
KALLMANN JACOBSON .33. grain & wool.
)BSOHN. 3p. merchant (leather)
)^,
123
APON EPHRAIM KALLMANN, 35, grain & wool merchant
LEWIN FLATOW , 47, Leather & wooJ merchant
LEWIN HIRSCH BASCHWITZ, 63
KALLMANN LEWINSOHN BASCHWITZ ,35, merchant (Schnittwaren)-
MAPCUS EPHRAIM KALLMANN, "open störe"
JACOB ITZIG, 27, merchant with Mate ialwaren
MOSES MICHEL COHN, 47, Posamentia-
ARNDT KALLMANN 31, Baker (?) also as APON WAGROWITZ'
WAGBOW) (Wogjgrowitz) (Baker or Hfter)
JACHIEL COHN, with wife and S child sd total 3. shoemaker, 44 years
(no age given) in NakeL
Widow ZORE JACOB ITZIG, 61, merchant, 2 children
i
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11/89
JACüBSüHW
IfiKBaflXXKaCK Notes i n hanawriting, t?teni.ii) in the AUce Connoerg family papers)
(transiaceap
^STBESS: NUCHE (Nechama) JACOBSOHN nee MARKUS KALLMANN
two ciiij.aren:
CHE (Nechama) JACOBSOHN nee MARKUS KALLM
bo ca 1748 d, 1853 or 1854, 95 years old, in NakeU
i_' VOGEL JACOBSOHN OD JOSEPH L, COHN, Nakel
t
L. Jo COHN OONATALIE FELDHEIM, Berlin.
3 ch, : MARKUS
IMNDEL 00
BDSTA GOLDA (single)
COHN, had 1 son
FROMET 00 HIkSCHBERG, no childreiio
iL
( LEIB JACOBSOHN (brother of Vogel) grain dealer in Nakel,
00 HITZCHEN ITZIG of Nakel, sister of ALEXANDER ITZIG
grain dealer in Nakel.
children:
1) JACOB JACOBSOHN 00 JOHANNA BOAS of Schwerin/Warthe
2) ISIDOR JACOBSOHN died 1877 in Kreunznach as the result of helping
firefighters (he was on a x vacation trip
3) SAMUEL JACOBSOHN OD- CAECILIE (maidenname unknown) d.l874 childbed
<X> 2o JOHANNA HIRSCHBEkG of Potsdam
4) MORITZ JACODBSOHN GD L ''AURA BOAS of Schwerin/Warthe
(sister=in-law)
5) MARKUS JACOBSOHN 00 JENNY KOSENBLASS of Odessa, later Leipzig
and Berlin
children of JACOB JACOBSOHN:
GEI^TRUD (X) NATHAN COHNBERG, Nakel
CAkL JACOBSOHN CO ELSE ECKERSDORFF from Borig
ELISE
M>:i^:i^i:i:^\(>:
JACOBSOHN
tBertrUd Jjacobsohn Cohnberg ': 2 children:
ELSE 00 ERWIN BRUECKMANN 1 child HANS-LUDWIG
ALICE COHNBERG
.♦
11/89
NOTES BY ALICE OOIINBERG
JACOBSOHN
-2-
children of CARL and ELSE COHNBERG (ECKERSDORFF):
Attorney in Neukoelln
HANS JACOBSOHN, attorney, later in SPAIN
ERNST ALBEkT JACOBSOHN, architect
Children of SAMUEL JACOBSOHN (3)
Ist marriage:
2nd marriage:
CARL sii^le
DR. MED. LEO JACOBSOHN 00 JENNY MATTIASSON
she from Hamburg. No children.
JXJLIUS JACOBSOHN ( GRETE of Brandenburg no children
4) : Moritz Jacobsohn: one daughter HEDWIG
5) children of MARKUS JACOBSOHN
FRITZ JACOBSOHN, attorney, married ANNIE, 1 son WERNER JACOBSOHN
CAROLA OD SIEGISMUND SILBERSTEIN of HAMBURG, merchant, no eh.
HEDWIG 00 ALEX BERNSTEIN 1 child VERA (in Brüssels?)
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1/88
BERENT
(addltlonal entrles)
GSU 185 344 GSU film Kirchenamt Hannover Dec.1957
BIRTHS:
^./\Co(^s.oM
5 Feb 1826 THIENA (?) dau merchant HIRSCH LITTHAUER + ESTHER FLATOW
24 Dec 1836 MARIANNE, dau HIRSCH FLATOW + ANNA
23 Nov 1840 (name illegible) dau of BAER WOHLGEMUTH + JULIE (BLAU)
MARRIAGES:
6 Mar 1842 ITZIG TACOBSOHN. merchant In Berent, son HAIMANN JACOBSOHN
and HAN NA (MEYER), OD BERTHA FLATOW, dau HIRSCH FLATOW
and HANNA(SELBIG) = SELBIGER
13 April 1840 BARUCH LEHMANN, Handelsmann In Schoeneck, son of HEILMANN
LEHMANN + MUCHA (?) BURCHARD CD SARA SCHEYER, dau of
JUDAS SCHEYER + EVA FLATOW
DEATHS:
5 May 1829
7 Dec 1838
4 Nov 1845
12 June 1846
ABRAHAM FLATOW, merchant In Berent, of Auszehrung. 62 (b.l766)
MARGE (ABRAHAMSOHN) FLATOW, oldage, 70 (b.l768)
FEILE (WOLFF) BAERENT, Auszehrung, 54 (b.l791)
ITZIG LEWIN GOTTFELD, Glaser, 75, old age. (b.l770)
Entry fee pald by ISAAK FLATOW for Mayer 15 Jan 1841
The famlly name RAABE appears once in these records (of a Handelsmann and
glaser who was dead by 1843. (after Itr dtd 26 Feb 1847 with the list of children
of the late LEWIN GOLDSTROM)
GSU 185 344 Ltr dated KONITZ 4 Apr 1877:
MINNA (FLEISCHER) ISRAELSKI, dau of JOSEPH, Gasthofbesitzer,
and ERNESTINE (NEUMANN) FLEISCHER, b. 14 May 1842 Berent,
needs copy of her birth record. Letterhead of her letter reads
H.S. ISRAELSKY, Konitz.
GSU 742 795 GSU filmed in Poland. BERENT Births pf Jews 1847-65
p.61, # 177 LEVIN WÖITHAL i- HANNA ISRAELSKI of Kaiisch on 31 Dec 1861
a daughter SARA
Sn^ciiL*. TAOpbson/
..m.J,0:ik-l'ii9^-^:i,
- 'irv
» eramandofüienotes-- the nme time to mtiotatai
^p.
fwiÄ Cenitr 'Bu'ye/
"-Says She Didn't Bid
-CtfVELAND. Oct ifCAR
Ti^^T
Jersey Drivers Ratify Pact, .
But Bus Mechanics Strtke'
MAYWOOD. N. J., Oct 15
(UW) — As management ' and
^'OWwtfng^t.irfoinmenf ... N.Y. n-A it?;.: " ^-
affrocfiv»m«,c...h«wifondclKinn." """
'^CIimamnm.N.Y.Timm
• ' - ■
mn
BRECHT'S
iter. Iowa, li not fof her. represcnUUvei for 300 itrikiiig
ne i not buying Amcrioi'« drivers of four bankrupt New
wt famous hick town and p«"ey bus lines signed a new
^ed Just ai soon forgct contract today ending a 13-day
out thAt letter she wrote »trike. the lincs^ mechanics and
\n a dull Sunday three wccks ^Wcc workers began picketing
for higher pay. ' *
Donald A. Robinson, court-
appointed trustee for the lines,
which serve Bergen. Passaft.
Essex. Sussex and Morris coun-
ties. Said the office workers and
mechanics had been offered the
same new contnct as the drlv-
ers, but were asking for sub-^
stantially more. (
Mr Robinson said he hopedj
the differ^nccs would be settled
Dug^lns L Associates of
[?"**^>ty Mo., conducted
tuctron :^sterday to seil
inik Center, complete with
sUtion, grocery störe and
ifc and a four-tmit motcl —
it no people-^nd they an-
mnced that Mrs. Frinzl had
>u^ the deserted town for
rote to the Duggins firm in
-to an ad in a local
«MTfiemeaCöncd
figure of $1.250 — not
TTieClevcland widow said
le heard nothing more until
representative of Duggins
lephoned yesterday and
•led her to wire them $100
:o make me eliglble for a
Id."
She said she sent no money
id has no Intention of send-
fg any.
MSCNT/MECNT
>tums
Dlr%cHä by Ü%m Mit
^•^ TWi, Fri. it i-30. Sit 7 4 1 0. S«iL J p«
R0UNDA60UT THEATRE
rJ^^V;., WA 4-7161
/■mCNT/MICHT/MtlCNT/MICNT
^"vri°?.««.n«y ^ --. buV'v;^^^
were reached quickly. the 35.
pOO^cj^mmuteraywbo have been
mcbnvenienced smce The driv-
ers* strike began, should not
expect buses to be operating
before Friday möming. He said
the mechanics and office work-
ers were picketing and the
drivera refused to cross the
lines. * • I
"GENUINELY ENTERT ÄMINa
Bernard Sthlins presents
[rte." brought $190,000. The
[sarro. "Le Jardin ä Pontoise."
It for %$ 132.000, and Van
'i's "Zinniaa Dans un Vase"
bid in at $310.000.
VaCTier Freed
New Yorker Elected Head
Of Mizrachi Women's Group
CHICAGO. Oct 15 (AP)— I
Mrs. Milton S. Jacobson, of New!
York City, was elected presi-l
dent of the Mizrachi Women's
Organization of America today
(an cnltrtaimnent} / " y
Sv«j» 8 30 S*t. 7 a 10 Sun 3 1 7 M
. j^STSIDE »^AYHOüSE. 334 E. 74 St.. PHO«E «ES: UN 1.2218
THE CAST 1$ EXCELLENT
— THI$ 4» A TAUEHT«
■URCH. THE ENTIRE RE-
CENT TRADITION OF
AMERIOAN THEATRIOAL
SATIRE GAN BE SUMMED
UP IN THREE WORDS,
THE SECOND CITY'I"
:iivt B«rnci« New York Tiifws
ed that their names not be
de public.
nnard. "Femme Ac- ^.^^„^«^.„„ „^ ^mcu^a luua
ky5.^^£f^'rP.v?f.n^^^JJiP I ^ Si^"jacohson"sü^^
Aaron Leifer of Brooklyn. N. Y..
who was named honorary na-
tional President of the Organi-
zation, one of the largest
women's Zionist groups in the
country.
The Organization voted a
budget of $1.8-million to carry
SEATS AVAILABLE T0NI6HT 1:30
"tfOTTEST SHOW OFf.B'WAY» «INOENIOUS NÜOITY"
"STREN8TH t TENDERNEU OF WRITINV' *tXHIURATINQ"
^ACAVILLE, Calif., Oct. 15
|i)-^A 17 yrnr nldinminrnh' ' '■''' f*vi^««" ^^ viuu
ool teacher kidnapped injcarc. social service and voca
Hthem, California was found tional education in Israel.
ijured today in Vacaville,
fut 50 miles east of San
icisco. The polica said she w,^^ ptw...v.ww., «»..»
freed by her kidnapper in woman national board
iftemoon and waa appar-i Thu 44th Mizrachi cc
ly ünhar;ncd.*'
Mizrachi delegates from 37
States also elected six national
vice presidents and an 81
TTie 44th Mizrachi Convention
closed today.
PLAYERS THEATRE II5 Maodaigal St. AL 4.B0TI
PKon« ond M«il RMscvotiom Acc«pl«d fo 1970
TORIQirr 1:10
fri. 1:40 Rit
HAWittttti FRi. 4
.. „ . .
• T»
"ff IS THE
HNESTSTAGE
WORK NOW IN
NEWYORK:-
TNEHEARTOF
A MAJOR U.S.
mm
GRAND
TRAoniör ~ -
MKRIIY LANE THEA. TU t-nS
"THE FUNNIEST EVENINQ
IMA>IIAIlE."_Th. N.W yo,k.,
-JI_HIT,PUYljr _
OAiNE TERRENCE
MAU, OROIM riLLt»
«. t* IMlTlM: M.*S. ».MriSIS
•Mt S««ff Avdl. hr Im. Ptrf..
~**» '-■- 1. .. -^ ' — -v--
DON
g Mttcktr «I Tk<
f i ' — Nl
TOP OF
■ from 5.00 ti
I BILL
JAKI
"SCREÄMÜ
CIIH
INT)
0-(^-i%f ;j^-3
Jun» 2k, 1977
Dear Mr. «I^aoobsoa:
fiaolosed I am sendlng you a oopy of DAVID LÜBLIHSKI
in West Prussia, tha atopy of the 19th Century ganeratlons of the Segall
famlly (i)avld»a mothar was Mlndel Segall Lubllnakl, «id th j« he waa a
brother of SardiKatz» your grandmother).
* / I
I alao enolose l copy of Page l, which ahbva the
ancestora of the aevea chlldren of Josef, and the namea md ntunber of
the Charta for their chlldren. Table 11 la the one which Kaa the fa-
mlly of Sarah Kat«. Perhaps you lllce to uae the older copy (b lack prlnt)
for addltlona and correctlona and return in to me. If you let me know
how raany copiea of each table ^1 and lllreviaed)) you llke to have,
I will run them off for you (alrefidy paid for), i.
I have more copiea of the Lubllnakl atory and can
aupply aa many aa you need, at $ 5 P«r copy, which will help to reduce <
the cost of the original prlnting. '• '
*■■■
You can alao have a oomplete set (or aetsT of the
entire tables (20), at $ 6.00 per aet.
, . .• The map of Weat Pruaaia (table 21) will alao be sent
later lalnoe it la thought you might want a mal for each aet^ partlal
or complete). I will aend you aa many maps aa you want copi,ea of the
genealogical tablea. •*• think you mentioned three, one for each grand-
child -? (the mapa are alao paid for already).
I ahall be happy to hear from you agaln, and wm t to
mention that X real ly enjoyed aeeing you again after ao raany yea*a.
I feel a little more enconraged to puraue the dlfficult task of updating
all thoae Charts on««« more.
riemaining.
wi th k i nde a t regar da ,
May 6, 1977
Dear Mr. Jacobs onz
I w-^Mi^nt* K- What a pleaaant surppise to haar from you again.
I wouldn't be aurprlsed if one or the othor of my alnoat inn«m«n.Ki-
couam. would be moved by Arthur Halley to rameXr ?SJt I So hl Ja
«aSeratfon^Shl^h ^rT""' ^"^ ^' ^"u™^^« gratifying to haar tSat th:
nfnnV! „J^Ji^* .^.''^f ^1?® °^ *^^« apparently araall minorlty o?
Sndfi«f«nS Jif K°^^f'^^^*J ^^'^ T^ varalon ias all that good (I
sJ^nffJ^^n**'*. **??*" ^^ ^"^ bettar). And my own genealogicfl efforta
atartad while Arthur waa still in grammar achool (19317. ''^°^''»
The e ff ort of whlch my form letter of 1 Q6I1 wah a
part was completad and I have a aet of^the Segall Jha^taJ^Z?
o?hJ.M?K* ^^'^?^' *"** perhjips wa can gat togethar on' one or tha
vour f«rfii^ evanlnga of that week. That aet Sould be f oryo^and
a?nL fi iJ' ^^ ^f^^^r* *° ''•^P ^*- ^ ^«^« "«^^^ a^ded to the data
aince it was oorapleted. ao you probably hava aoma I could uaa.
Al^«n5!n''rii' "^''S' ^ ,°°^Pl«ted that work, I noticed tha riae of
un?o^?nn«f-if ""^ Jf™!} ** ^'^ author. I published threä books myself,
unfortunately no fiction, aad not tha klnd that hlta tHe best-Jelk r
«^11 f«.®^^^^^ ^^^ ^? °®^^ y°^ °"°« ^ ß«* *o New York, where I
?ii: attend our annual Conference (Special Libreriea Association).
vonr o^rV^i^ ;''^^^ °" Saturday (6-^, I probably won»t reach ySu in
your oifica. Would you be kind enough to send me a telephone nSmber?
Hoplng to aee you next month.
I remain.
With kindest regarda
■ -~ ^ ' * ' ** 11 1
K« w««vi^ai ..tf.
JOHN HENRY RICHTER
1436 EAST PARK PLACE
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN
48104, U.S.A.
13 October 1964
Dear Cousin:
I am writing to you to report on the statu« of Part I of the Segall-
Lublinski Genealogy, the Memolrs of David Lublinski, of whlch you ordered a copy
last year and which, I am sure, you have been waiting for ever since.
As you may have assumed, and correctly so, I am baslcally a very busy
but honest man who dld not run off wlth your payment. It Is safe In the bank and 1b
going to stay there untll the prlnting bUl Is paid. My problems have been of two
kinds: flrst, the completion of the translatlon and revislon of the Lublinski story
and the research for the lengthy but I think useful Introduction. and second the '
reproductlon of the original. '
After much delay, the manuscrlpt Is ready for typlng, and addltlonal
delays arose in the most unexpected quarters: I have been unable to obtaln the klnd
of typewriter necessary to produce a legible version of "prlnt" for the original
It is the original which is filmed and then reproduced in the number of copies needed
Ann Arbor may be a smart town, but it is small and even with Detroit nearby I have
not been able as yet to borrow or rent the right typewriter. There is hope. thoueh
because I may be able to get the right one from a friend nearby. At any rate the
project is still on, by all means. '
Delays are not so unusual, you know, when the author ia also the printer
and typer, as well as a much-in-demand professional llhrarlan with a fulltime Job
and a two-children famlly. I have spent literally years of nearly all of my spare
time in genealogical research and now, that the children are 13i and 9 and a littlo
they demand and must have more of their father's time. So you can easily see that '
spare time, which is all the time I can give to this family history project, must be
shared between man and beast (in this case, an old house) and friends and so on.
Bear with me, If you will, and don't ask me for a deadllne. If all goes well,
you will be reading about our mutual ancestors, etc. next year. Thus far I have had
but 14 prepaid copies ordered, which is not very much when you consider the cost In-
volved. Llke all my hobbles, genealogy doesn't pay.
Remainlng,
with kindest regards,
Your (distant) cous
ocr ff
Tl
, XERO
ropr
y^Sy "Co{js*y\" -J(jAio
IVI iJtojL S- Ja cobsonMj[- ,
"^ Bache Haisey stöärflfia -^
1411 BROADWAY >D/i /-
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10018 / V/
TEL: 212-221-7761
CO»»V '
7
I am wrltlng to you to report on the Btatus of Part I of the Segall-
Lubllnski Genealogy, the Memolrs of David Lublinski, of whlch you ordered a copy
last year and whlch, I am sure, you have been waltlng for ever slnce.
As you may have assumed, and correctly so, I am baslcally a very busy
but honest man who dld not run off wlth your payment. It Is safe In the bank and 1b
going to stay there untll the prlntlng bill Is pald. My problems have been of two
Rinds: first, the completlon of the translatlon and revlslon of the Lubllnski story
and the research for the lengthy but I thlnk useful Introductlon. and second the '
reproductlon of the original. '
After much delay, the manuscrlpt Is ready for typlng, and addltlonal
delays arose In the most unexpected quarters: I have been unable to obtaln the klnd
of typewrlter necessary to produce a leglble verslon of "prlnt" for the original
It is the original whlch is filmed and then reproduced in the number of copies needed
Ann Arbor may be a smart town, but it Is small and even wlth Detroit nearby I have
not been able as yet to borrow or rent the rlght typewrlter. There is hope. though
because I may be able to get the rlght one from a frlend nearby. At any rate thr'
project is still on, by all means. '
Delays are not so unusual, you know, when the author is also the printer
and typer, as well as a much-ln-demand professional librarian wlth a fulltlme Job
and a two-chlldren famlly. I have spent literally years of nearly all of my spare
time in genealogical research and now, that the children are 13i and 9 and a little
they demand and must have more of their father's time. So you can easily see that '
spare time, which is all the time I can give to this family history project, must be
shared between man and beast (in this case, an old house) and friends and so on.
Bear with me, if you will, and don't ask me for a deadline. If all goes well,
you will be reading about our mutual ancestors, etc. next year. Thus far I have had
but 14 prepaid copies ordered, which is not very much when you consider the cost in-
volved. Like all my hobbies, genealogy doesn't pay.
Remalning,
with kindest regards.
Your (distant) cous
ropv
y^6)r "Coos>n' JöAn
EROl
lyintonS.Jncobr.on, M.fko^^
"^ Bäche Hälsey StOärt inc. ^^^
Uli BROADWAY >S/2^J^
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10018 / V 7
TEL: 212-221-7761
COPY
7
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"Jm-k- iohd
9h
Die Ausbürgerung
deutscher Staatsangehöriger
1933-45
nach den im Reichsanzeiger
veröffentlichten Listen
Band 1
Listen in chronologischer Reihenfolge
Herausgegeben von Michael Hepp
Eingeleitet von
Hans Georg Lehmann und Michael Hepp
Expatriation Lists as Published
in the "Reichsanzeiger"
1933-45
Volume 1
Lists in chronological order
Edited by Michael Hepp
Introductory remarks by
Hans Georg Lehmann and Michael Hepp
2 1/3 ^Acor^i
r//
K ' G • Säur
München • New York • London • Paris 1985
ÖACo Ysy
42. Grünpctcr, Lotte Sara, geb. Nothmann, geb. am
21.7. 1903 in Beutben/ OS.,
43. Grünpeter, Heinz Israel, geb. am 3. 3. 1925 in
Beuthen/OS.,
44. Grünpeter, Fritz Israel, geb. am 18.4. 1929 in
Beutben/ OS.,
45. Grünpetcr, Samuel, geb. am 16. 1 2. 1 868 in To-
bolla (Krs. Kattowitz),
46. Gi-ünpttcr, Flora Sara, geb. Bender, geb. am
25.9. 1870 in Peiskretscham,
47. Guttmann, Salo Israel, geb. am 29. 1 2. 1 880 in
Beuthen/OS.,
48. Guttmann, Julie Sara, geb. Eschelbacher, geb.
am 21.1. 1891 in Bruchsal/ Baden,
49. Guttmann, Ludwig Israel, geb. am 22. 9. 1922 in
Beuthen/OS.,
50. Guttmann,Josef Israel, geb. am 16. 10. 1924 in
Beuthen/OS.,
51. Hammcrschlag, Moses Israel, geb. am 10. 10.
1876 in Gensungen (Krs. Melsungen),
52. Hammcrschlag, Carolina Sara, geb. Hirsch,
geb. am 21.7. 1882 in Gimbsheim (Krs.
Worms),
53. Hcchingcr, Alfred Israel, geb. am 18.2. 1887 in
Nürnberg,
54. Hcchingcr, Klothilde Sara, gebm Sulzbacher,
geb. am 15. 10. 1892 in Nürnberg,
55. Hcchingcr, Klaus Israel, geb. am 1 1 . 4. 1 920 in
Nürnberg,
56. Hcchingcr, Franz Günther Israel, geb. am 23. 1 .
1925 in Nürnberg,
57. Heidelberger, Ulrich Israel, geb. am 24. 2.1881
in Jackhausen (Landgerichtsbezirk Meinin-
gen),
58. Heidelberger, Johanna Sara, geb. Salmon, geb.
am 10.3. 1895 in Odenkirchen,
59. Heidelberger, Ilse Sara, geb. am 1.2. 1921 in
Odenkirchen,
60. Hcilbut, Carla Betty Line Sara, geb. am 4.9.
1913 in Hamburg,
61. Hcilbut, John Israel, geb. am 13. 12. 1870 in
Hamburg,
62. Hcilbut, Rosa Sara, geb. Goldschmid, geb. am
25.3. 1882 in Hamburg,
63. Hcllcndall, Emilie Sara, geb. Rüdenberg, geb.
am 1.5. 1889 in Krefeld,
64. Hcllcndail, Walter Israel, geb. am 8. 11. 1911 in
München-Gladbach,
65. Hcllcndall, Ilse Sara,geb. am 19.3. 1914 in
München-Gladbach,
66. Hcrschcl, Karl Israel, geb. am 18.5. 1874 in
Bonn,
67. Hcrschcl, Paula Sara, geb. Weil, geb. am 17. 6.
1892 in Steinfürt/ Baden,
68. Hcrschcl, Ingeborg Sara, geb. am 20. 8. 1920 in
Bonn,
Liste 243
70. Heß, Ei-^^'in Morris Israel, geb. am 29. 7. 1 890 in
Hamburg,
71. Heß, Marion Sara, geb. am 5. 3. 1922 in Ham-
burg,
72. Heß, Jürgen Israel, geb. am 5. 12. 1923 in Ham-
burg,
73. Heß, Gisela Sara, geb. am 9. 12. 1927 in Ham-
burg,
74. Heß, Ursula Sara, geb. am 9. 1 2. 1927 in Ham-
burg,
75. Heymann, Ernst Friedrich Israel, geb. am 23. 8.
1900 in Oberhausen/ Rheinland,
76. Heymann, Martha Anna Luise Sara, geb.
Frank,geb. am 4.8. 1905 in Leipzig,
77. Heymann, Eva Lore Sara, geb. am 22. 10. 1934
in Gelsenkirchen,
78. Heymann, Hermann Israel, geb. am 9. 5. 1 874
in Krefeld,
79. Heymann, Margarete Sara, geb. Goldschmidt,
geb. am 5.7. 1890 in Köln,
80. Heymann, Hans Israel, geb. am 5. 11. 1915 in
Krefeld,
81. Heymann, Siegfried Israel, geb. am 19.7. 1883
in Augsburg,
82. Hirsch, Georg Israel, geb. am 17.4.|898 in
Gollub/ Westpr., ' .^♦t.^i '
83. Hirsch, Ilse Sara, geb. Flanter, geb. am 24. 9.
1909 in Bromberg,
84. Hirsch, Kurt Israel, geb. am 3.4. 1932 in Kö-
nigsberg/Pr., . ^ . /
85. Hirsch, Fritz Israel, geb. am 8.6. 1934 in Kö-
nigsberg/ Pr.,
86. Hlrschfcld, Bernhard Israel, geb. am 25. 4. 1 895
in Lezajsk, früher Polen,
87. Hirschfcld, Olga Sara Molnar, geb. Bosch, geb.
am 20.9. 1897 in Wien,
88. Hofheimcr, David Friedrich Israel, geb. am
10.6. 1908 in Laupheim/ Krs. Biberach/
Wttbg.,
t89. lacobv, Hans Israel^ p;eb. am 26.6. 1891 in
Hamburg,
,90. lacoby, Margarete Minna geb. Conitzer, geb.
am 17.2. 1902 in Hamburg,
91. Jacoby, Anette Sara, geb. am 3 1 . 3. 1 927 in Lü-
beck,
92. Kohncr, Hermann Israel, geb. am 30. 7. 1 898 in
Windischeschenbach (Ldkrs. Neustadt/
Waldnaab),
93. Leschczincr, Rudolf Israel, geb. am 17.7. 1905
in Erfurt,
94. Leschczincr, Lilly Sara, geb. Heimann, geb. am
21.2. 1907 in Dortmund,
95. Leschczincr, Hannelore Sara, geb. am 14.7.
1932 in Erfurt,
96. Lcvi, Ernst Israel, geb. am 19. 10. 1884 in Suhl/
Krs. Schleusingen,
97. Lcvi, Klara Sara, geb. Rosenbusch, verw. Ferse,
. i
\
a4Cm
I
August 10, 1986
Dear Cousin Lotte: y/^'^^
beer» tired me out: in my evenlna of Hf« r,«rl~. t ^, ^ ^^^ ^^®^® ^ " ^^^e
». - ir » . ^ evening or Ute (pardon me, T am onlv "almncf" R7^ t pi-j
myself less enthuslastlc about travellng. Of course I have to take it l.ill J
back, I ao hope to make It next year, ana lonaon will be my flrsl sloD ??hlnt
happem^g» il> T/fernny '"" ''°'" '"" "^'^ ^ '"" """^ » "--«^" «»
ne« to yo„n//.ttoZVo;lr,ett1n'r;Ä,ttri^^ '^T'^^' "•'
ahows that „ow a„a the„ I still fln'd „ew ll^aüon!^ dasce„da„ts). Whlch
Just tumea elght years old ana ^,lV^!^t "'^"''' '" "^'•^''^ ""^l ".« °'*st
years oia, and as smart as both parents ana the granaparents, of course
So long, ana all the best.
January 17, 1987
U'y dear Cousin Lotte: n^cok>
I an^ terrlfled by the thought that months have passed -
Tirre seems to race by before we catch on, and my remarkable successes In findlnq
new Information (if not any new ancestors) keep me busler than ever. Unfortunately
thls Past year I had to cancel my plans for comlng to Europe, and It Is still a big
maybe for thls year, much as I Uke to come and vlsit you and the several other
long-Uvlng relatives before we are all gone altogether! I had some health proble«s
whlch make me weary of undertaklng such a long journey (both in time and dlstance)
1 1^^^"'"^, Tr,^°°^^ "*^ ri^ expenslve (althoggh not for me) doctors and hospltal.
I am now only" 67, so I won't bore you wlth my troubles, only to use them as a fair
excuse for not having salled for Europe as I dealry love to do. It Is a declslon I must
make by Early June at the latest, since If at all, I want to come In August. The Lord
Vayor of West Berlin Invlted «e, too (thls Is the 750th annlversary of B- rlin as a cttv
but the Word is that If one doesn't have already someone to stay wlth, don't both er to
So I won't bother wlth Berlin. But that Is sad, too, *>ecause I would Uke to spend a few
tlZ \ZT If ''^ '^n''^ °" cur cemeterles , taklng more fotos of graves than I could
do In 1978, when I really got to the clty too late In the year.
l*»«moH f« «1. ** u * .. ^ 5"!* ^°" ^^^ "^^^^ ®"^ ''®®P enjoying brldge. I never
learned to play It, but It must be fun If it can keep you going so well. Here I am
busler than ever correspondlng wlth Ger»an archlves and Offices about documents, aulte
a number of comounal records survlved, far more than we could expect, so some lirts of
my famllles are now "enrlched" by Information I never thought I mlght get.
..^" exapple Is the letter I have Just recelved from the Archlves at ^ ünster.
Dld you know there was a N". CONmER & SOEHNE In Hamm, Westfalla? Well, I found
a Usting of the packet about the flrms dlssolution In the Inventory of documents at ^ ün-
ster, and asked who Is Involved. Back came a long letter wlth exactiy the Information
I hoped for (I don t need coples of the documents thewselves). Apparentiy tiils branch
was establ shed wlth Fritz Jacobl as the guldlng Ught, but It dld not last long. I would
thlnk, not knowlng anythlng about the economic or flnanclal aspects of establlshlng any
Store, that perhaps the capltallzation was not high enough, butof course 30,000 N'ark
in 1926 was still a lot more worth than It may have been ten years later, when I started
to understand economlcs. Anyhow, I thought you mlght Uke to have a copy of the letter
I also am sendlng you a copy of my reproduction of the story of the Conltzer-Konzem
and Its Supplement, whlch Usts all the owners and partners known to me. Let ne ask
you one big auestion: I never reaUzed until Just a few days ago, that one of the lUustrat-
lons apparentiy was added by error: Dld you ever hear of Y^OLFF KRn^'HER NACHFOLGER
m Guben as one of the afflUated Stores? The name rings no bell at all wlth me.
I trust you are as well as ever. hy correspondence wlth your cousln Renate Is
on a slow track - we have run out of news. But I keep the Bleber relationshlps In mlnd,
as I keep looklng at German communal records (those from West Prussla (except Nakel)
have not yet been fllmed). I am particularly anxtous to find Information about Zehdenlck,
because the HIRSCHFELD falnlly had members who were closely related to my great-
grandmother Evm (Cohn) Conltzer. ZehdenteJc was In fact a falrly old Jewish Community,
but small, v/lth the Hirschfelds apparently the largest famlly. . .
I recently wrote to our cousln Ellen Berger, hoplng to hear once agaln abou^ our
most senior relative, no^y^ on the way to Year No. 104, the last I know was that mentally
she is still incaredlbly clear and as always interested to hear about the relatives. It is
truly remarkable to thlnk that at 103 she has outdistanced absolutely every nember of the
Cohn/Cohnberg and Conltzer famllies. Kate v.dll outllve us all, I am aure.
I just reread the letter from h/'ünster. The Hamm störe was a branch of Osnabrueck
whlch I readlly recognlze from the fact that the same partners were Involved In both '
Stores. I was recentiy agaln in touch wlth John Flaton (formerly Hans Flatauer) who llves
m Southern California, and who was surprised and glad to hear from such a dlstant cousln
as me, decades after we both Uved In Germany. He Is now the last llvlng child of Arnold,
and only his slster had any descendants.
Well, keep up the wondeful work and many more victorles to you! If you have a moment
to spare, please do drop ne a line or two. P.S. What is Michael Conltzer dolng nowadays
Apparently he belongs to that new generation. Just llke my son: they don't HM to wrlte.
And please teil me of your chlldren and grandchlldren, especially if you have news that
should be recorded on the family tables. I am revlsing a few once agaln and will send
you the latest edltion when they are ready.
Vy own grandsons (8,5, and 3 years old) are growing "whlle you walfand all are
half-way ready to enter Harvard already. V/ith such smart gra ndparents , how could thev
miss...
My best of everythlng to you. Maybe I can figure out how to come once
more to London and see you agaln. It would be a great pleasure for me, I know.
PS;: war ISK'AR HIRSCH ein Verwandter? (mit wem ?)
November 2, 1985
My dear cousln Lotte: {J^ d/Lj
for my absence. I have been able Just in the last few ^veeks to rev^lse many of ?he
Coiiit.er tables whlch requlred a l.t of nevr Inforraaüori to be added. Sorne of iX
devebped .rom readlng lOth Century rocords of so«e of the congregatlons o? toln.
^hlt '; ^, i^'^'^" ?'''^^*'* '''''*^'^ *' ^^^'"^^'^ per.sonnel recrlsters and all .orts^f
other material allcver the xvorld, and inoludes raany Jev4s!i records as well.
. „ '^'^^ sncbsGd tables replace, for the m^st part. those I sent
Tnaf 1 u ä^r ''^"^ ^n^ther's ancestry. I had some nloe help froni your
Hlllt'n^r ^'m^'^?.''?.: ""^ '""'^ mterestlng correspondence wlt?c.us7n. Renate
HUler Gr.ds2ynski and Bob Beecher In Auotrali, , who cane to .dsit me thls sunmer
There Is snme oonnectlon betweon the Hlr-^chfelda menUoned nn
ro'JLT fn ' %^^<=stry table and thoce In my records of the Cohn famllv, slnce ^^lchae!
?M. im?* f "^ ""^ ^^-t^f n<3nother Eva Conit^er) rrarrled a Hlrsohfel/ir.m Z^hden ck.
tiie H^schfelds ^vhn I thlnk are all from the s.me family. The L.n Is near BeX
ofsLün^^^h „"^if"^^" '^T'^f' '^"'^ Hirschfelds mentioned In the Gemeindeakten
sf-!l5"m f !!!) ' "^ ' ' "" ^'^ '**" ^'^'""''' ^""^ ^^^^ '° '^^'-^' ^"^ I
«nrf « ^.^ ^^^ ^''^^^- "^^""^^ "^^^ ''^^ '^^"^ *^ "^«11 "^® 311 about your festlve day.
»Z *y^P®^*«®f 5^^" te share 3ome of my sxpenses. This is most klnd of you, and
now that the reprodu.:tlon costs have reached nev. halghts, I am Igss reluc^nt than
s Jd^^r/of'^ ""T^f •■contrlbutioas." If you thlnk my ef.brts valuable en:>uah to
saed me f 30 , I would feel anply rewarded f.r the eff^^rt. It Stands to reason that
nob^dy could pay me f.r the years of efforts in collectlng the data, and slnce I have a
eTer uf" l"T'' L" ^^^P^^^^^*' ^ ^^1* ^^^-V^ ^bliged to offer the lnfc^:ritten t^X
.^f iLt^i' rl^l ' ^"^^^^PP'^^'^i^t^ '^reatly the Interest In my work. So when I thlnk»
2i«^vfr H^r / "^"^^^^ ^^ ''^■^^' ^^^ ""'"'^^^"^ oxpenses for reproduclng tables and
ine ever-rlslng postage,
^ ^' *^öP® y^" contlnue in the best of health because I plan to visit
I»r S ''^^''. '"°if* "^^.^\*" ^^ "^^ "^^"^^ ^^ ^^y' '^^'^'^ 3'^ing on to Basel to see
outli^r^ r 'n "^ .T ^^ n"T ^"*^'' ^^' ^°^*^ ^^^ ^^ "^«- Sometimes I think she v;m
are per.ectcd. If for some reason y^u think you will not be in London in May, let me
know when you xvould be in town. I could come elther at the beginning or near the end of
my trip, ^vhich I think will take ^vo months or so, and the last stop, like the flrst, wUl
D© London. At least that is on my mind at this time.
"V^ith klndest regards ,
Auqust T, 1985
Dear Cousin Lotte:
I J<ave recelved a nlce letter frr^m y^ur c»>u3ln Renate Hllle'- In
'vhlch she t~ld rr^e that vou intend to call me t^ invlte me t-> your forthomlng big
party at the Savov on Ihe 20th. I am trulv touched by thls rnost qenerous invi-
tatlon and am terrlbiy aorry that I canaot Joln your famüy and your niany frlends
to celebrate Number 9ü. H^^ever, I vdll try to call you a dav or two parlier
so we can at least talk a little. The lad ia that I had to postpone my visit to
Europa, whlch I had hoped to do this year, and so it won't be until I.'ay or so
of 1983 that I can finally accept your long-standlng ofier to be vour quest /or
a fev; days. I do w.-?.nt to exprec-js my best wlshes and mv admlraiion for your good
health am vo\xr energy vith wiiich you keep going (your slster^ do Just as well,
whlch is encouracfing for me slnce I desceud In part from the saina ^turdy famlly),
I only wl5h you had a slster here In the U.G. , so vve could perhaps meet a blt
closer to my h->»e. Travel has i:econie ir<-M"o expenslvc and for c b^v-ievel
librarian, now retired, it is the expenrie that matters.
•Since I knov.' you are still anxlous to see the Conit?-er family
hlstory - not yet written - I can teil yoa that In the past two ycarc I have been
lohking at a lot oi 19th cenlury comnunal registers {birth£,rparriQC;es and deaths,
and llsts o:. fainilies) ->f towns in v/hat used to be the honicland of the various
West Prussian LVmilles of miiie, and came up vlth auite a number of new data,
whlch I will add to my genaedkgical tables. Eventualiv I shall send v^u Öie
reslved taoles, so your set will be rlght up-t-.-date. The latest news is that,
after some 70 years, I have mc:de contact v;ith the descendents of Sch-^lem
Conitzer's daugater Auguste Flachte. Scholem was a youmer s-.n of K osea C. ,
and lived in Berlin since the UlSCles, s-, he probahly had little contact with thV
many relaüves of his brother's farnilies. N&w there is a generation iviüch is
very interested in the family past, v/hlch encourages me to keep going, even
though I am terrloly pressed for tlme. I vr^n't mentlor my sge, since it hardly
compares (my o^m mother -vvould novv- be 94), but I find that in retirernenf. I have
barely tlme to get all those nlce projects going and completed, So I hsve to be
anund and healthy for a long tlme yet. I had nlce letters from botli your
sisters and «vould love to visit v^'lth theu., but :;outh '\merica te no cl-.oer to me
than £urope, so letters will have to do. On Auautt H, B->b Beecher v/lll be
here for a nlce loo-j discussion -^f all the Blebers 3nd Federmanns, etc. feto, v^e
thlnk v/e have imormaüon xA'hich <m\il<i complent what each of us has, nnd perhaps
v^e can add some m-Me to the Bennheirr.-Blcber genealcgy.too. I nlso found a
fellow-geneaioglat who is very much intarcsted In contactlncr anvon^ v/ho mav
have inf-rmatlon on the Israelski family, ISth or -iO th Century. Would you
be In touch ./ith any of the stlü-llvlng descendents of the Israelskis -^f Gotha
and Coburg? If so, could you send me addresses? I shall convey them t- him.
Years ago I wote to the Israolskls In Coutli America, but of coUBse the old folks
are now all gone. But there may be someone left who knows the past. . .
Will be In touch v^dtii you very soon.
Do stay ;vell d.nd enjoy the fesüvltiea.
x
X'' / '>^
i^.m
/
T"
Vay 27, 1984
Dear Cousin Lotte:
I had planned to ^vrlte to 70U much earlier, but there were kli kinds of
delavs and Interruptio ns, until I could at least declde v;hether to coeie to Europe
once more this year or next. I had some nice orrespondence with Renate Hlller, and
told her that I would be happv to make her acrruaintance when I stop In England^
but I am very sure I wrote to her after I had declded to travel NEXT year, for several
reasons whlch made comlm this year less deslrable. So I am sorry If fbB qave
you the Impression I was going to show up in 1984. Of course, if I had planned to
come this year, I would have vjJtttten much earlier. I do remember your kind letters
remintilng me of my plans to write the Conlt^er history^ but I have not been able to
do much more than revise the genealogical tab;es. I enclose the latest results of
that effort/ whlch includes a revision of the Interfamily K'arrlages on Tables 16-18.
I corresponded with ^ r. Beecher of the Bieber and Federmann line and apparently
was able to help him more than vice versa, but I enjoved the chance to see what Inform-
ation he had^ and currently expect to hear from him again.
I had new Information and additional family members only from the
once verv larae Flatauer family, but not much more. I can report that my dau'^hter's
thlrd son was born 1 November 1983 here in Ann Arbor (Aaron Pres sei) ^ a very cute little
fellow, so far very auiet and verv ^riendlv. Three bovs fill up anv house and I ouess
that will be it, as buying a bigger house and such plans are not likely to be realized
anytime soon, given the frailty of our economv and the health of business in venera l.
Reagan's optimlsm about the glorious future of our economv, etc. is strictlv reelection
oratofy and not based on any real understandlng of what's goina on on his part.
e
Ido of course recall vour kind invitation to stay v/ith you while in London,
and if all goes well, I hope to "take advantage" of it. But it wtfl most likely be in
Vav or June, not in the fall as last tirre. Cur tru!y long-livina cousin Kaethe Cohn-
berg is about to pass her lOlst birthdav, and I keep encouraglng her to go on to ^10?,
as I simply can't be there this year, Justas I had to miss the centennial. I have an
Idea of making one place my "basis" and take trlps from there to the eitles I intend
to Visit, rather than going from oneto the next. This would mean a srnall series of
roundtrlps for which I would need little baggags and which I can make v/lthout any
air-tied schedule whlch has to be prepared months in advance. Now that I have had
tv7o vears of "retirement," I do not like deadlines and tied flight schedules,etc. , and
would rather take a train and, above all, not rush from one polnt to the next. I also dis-
llke gettlng up too earlV# as I had to do in 1978, now I don't have to rush since I don't
have to meet a deadline or be back here on any given day.
I am of course still in touch with your good slster Gertrud v;ho keeps me
well informed of who is where, and keeps asking me to vlsit her^ which I vo uld love
to do but the time involved, not to mentlon the expense, is slmplv beyond what I can
do. Instead, I am plotting with her son Frank (Peter) to have her come to ^ iami, in
the Winter months, maybe November, and then I could travel downthere to be with her
and her familv. I would love it. — I am happy to hear that your sister is going to
Visit you, it is a long way to Argentina and I guess also from her place to yours.
It is wonderful that you Ihree sisters enjoy good health andl certainly hppe it will
last forever. I am soon going to be 55, a mere younaster, but I find I am gettlng
dmon after 9PK''aSd thTn?"^ t'j«"' ^ein^ « nl.ht person I usuallv arr In best con-
don^tVpp m.;Jh\'f K ? '^"' ^"^ ^"^^^ "" ^2 or 1 in the mornlng. Naturally, I
aon t See much of the next mornlng, ^uia*iy, i
rooon*!^^ ^"^ '"'' research, I have not added to those ancestors known to 7ou but I
Z7l\ZlT:'li:t^^^^^^^^ ^°^^^ ''^ ^^^^^ '"-^ promlnenr.;n,bers of
tounaer or tne Conltirer & Söhne and bis sons, of course. I also nrenar^rt « t^hi«
showm. .our mother's ancestry, of whlch I will send a ipv to Ge3a. w^ll
I also went over the llst of the Q>nlt.er stores and agaln extend^dThe Ust of stVes
and owners/partners. Those revlsions I shall send to you as well.
12x18 illhiTl ?rT^ l".'* ^' ^""""" ^''""^ ' reproductlon shop whlch can make
12x18 Inch prlnts, after the previous producer ga^^e up hls rarely-worklnq machlr«
I will have a large number of reproductlons ready early „ext week and send vou^*p,es
of those whlch I know will Interest vou. copies
Vy good Intentlons to use my retlrement" strlctly for famlly research etc
have suffered gre-tly slnce I dbchave been Interrupted Innumerable tlmes wlth other
(Judalca on Postaae Stamps Is a book I publlshed ten years ago and recently updated
U as we now have over 4000 sta.mps on record. I also v;rlte for some Jo^n^ls anS^
f^dln.'?' °'"'^*''" '"'r'^^'' "'*°'^ '' '"" ^"* ^^'^«^ ^"'^^ "^t to mentlon the ne.er-
endlng correspondence wlth all klnds of dlstant relatives who keep asking me for
is hur. r- ' ^^"''' V'^""'' """^ ^'" '^ »^"^ " '' ^^^"^ ^«tüng worse, a week
Ivlnc ^.t?' ^"^,\":^"*h P^^^« ^«f^re I know what hapoened. So I am desperately
frylnq not to waste ttme. but It is not easy. I^y health Is very good, now that I am
months or more. There are abimost too many people to see and I hate to leave anyone out!
Please stay well and enjoy whatever vom do. ^ aybe some day you will come to
v^slt US overhere I shall certalnly keep you Informed of my plans whlch ae^lolly
'hört Jm T "T'T^rVu T'''^''^ ^""" *^ ^'^ ^° -^^* -^« to be a reasonablv
Short trlp.,,) How is Vlchael Conltzer?
r-
John Henrj Richter^
P.O. B ox 7978,
Inn Ar bor,
Michigan 48107, Ü.S.l.
2l8t liaj 1984.
Dear Göusin John,
I nerer had a reply fro« you to «y last letter of
22nd July 1982 and lOth September 1982, I an writing to
you, because I learned from my relative Renate Hiller,
that you hare the Intention to cone to Ungland soae tiae
this summer^W hether you are Coming on your own or with
your wife, I herewith aa inriting you to stay with ne,
vhen in London« I hare 2 comfortable bedroons with h.& c.
and central heating in each roon*
Only let ae know very soon the date, because ay sis-
ter Edith Slucksmann will visit ae for one to two montha.
I hare not learned froa her, when thiswill be. My own next
holiday will only be in October.
There is nothing eise to report«
Therefore I aa with greetings and best wishes for
Your health,
Yours sincerely,
L *&H^ ij . J «-^-^ w^
John H enrj Richter,
P.O. B ox, 7978,
Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48107, U.S.A.
22nd Juli 1982
Dear Cousin John,
I wafi^ dhocked when I noticed that jour long letter
of 17.1« inst, was left unanswered. Not onlj I apologize but
like to let jou know, how sorry I an about, that you were
▼ery ill and had gone through very major Operations. I do
hope that you hav^recovered conpletely fron your ordeal
and live a nornal active life. It is importune from my
pari, because several doctors will have told you what I
am going to let you know. When you were with ne in the ho-
tel, you Said that the portions in restaurants were too
sinall and left you hungry. That should not be so. A golden
rule for we[lbeing is "not to eat up'*. The stomac will
shrink, and you will feel much better.
I also am busy in my way. I only have half days to
do something, as I am getting tired in the afternoon and
too lazy to ^something th«fl 1 istening and looking at the
television and falling asleep at it. But otherwise I am
o kay. Now to answer your questions.
My greatgrandson Alexander H enry Brooke was born on
the 9th of January 1979, his father is my grandson Anthony
Leonard Brooke, his mother is Consuelo, nie Alexander. I
reniember that I had informed you of his birth at that time.
I po88es8 no copy of the family photo taken on ny
sisterU 80th birthdaj in Chile, the one I had I had
given to another old relative of «y mother's aide.
I am out of touch uith the Ruppin family^ and I do
not know anything about Inge Steinmann.
My grandfather*8 daughter, (Moses Conitzer's) was not
Rahel Berger but Rahel Marcus. Tante Ralchen was very po-
pulär (I Aoyed her). H er husband was deranged. There were
3 sons, Witfi» di%l in a mental Hospital, firuno inherited
a flour mill and perisbed by the Äazis and Erwin. He emi-
grated to Brasil and married late a wealthy widow, Erna
Marcus, whom I visited several tines in Sao Paulo. Erna
Marcus might have documents, left behind from her late
husband. She had planned to coiie to Europe this sommer,
but I had no news fron her since February. She is over 80
and might not be well or dead. Her Address ist:
rua Guara 350, Apt. 42, a4, Jardin Paulista,
Sao Paulo, Brasil.
My very belated for the birth of your grandson Eric
Nathan Pressel, who, I assune, will give you nuch joy.
My sister Edith Glucksmann was to come to "^ngland
and join mefor a bridge congress in Southafrica in October.
If she does notiget a visa before October, she will meet ne
in Southafrica, flying directly fro« Buenos Aires.
I hope you will not retaliate and write quite soon.
I an with iny best wishes for you and yoar family,
sincerely,
September 19, 1982
My dear oousln Lotte:
\^c^i
/U
7
- , . . Thank you for both your recent notes, the earlier one from
July and the one Just recelved. My best v;ishes to you for the Nev; Year 5743
just begun, and the hope that It will be more pcaceful thsn the last one. I thlnk
we had mcrs than our share of upsets and worrles, vjith so much hanging In the
öir about the future of Israal . and the securlty of Jov.-s everyv;here.
I v'as not able to resnond to your earlier letter slmply because
I was too bucy -sad to say- to find enoughllme for my still heavy correspondence.
I have recovered from last year's trouble wlth ama-^lng speed snd feel more Uke 30
than 62, rlde my blcyclo every day, have ir.y (culte demandln«^ phyr.lcal excerclse
proqran three tlnas a week, and feel on top of the vorld. I also irade one of the
wlset declslons of my llfe -vhen I retlred on July 30 frMn mv 32 years of slave
labor, so thatnnow I am a landed gentleman at hls own lelsure and speed - but
busier than ever. I am still helplng out at the library- untll rhey can da wl+hout
me, but In October nnd: half of Vovew.Sm I -vill be travellna around, dolng more
research and vlsltinc, a host of relatives and ^ien-^n, most of whom nlce people who,
Wke myself , are so terrlbly busy they never rvrite. If I v/ant to know v/hat they are
dolng, I caU therr up and have & chat. It corts a hlt more but Is more fun than
wrlUng letters(at laast to them). I also had to draw up new genealocrlcal tables for
Flatauers, slnce there has been a number of addltlons I never knew before. You
will recelve the revlsed tables ac goonas I am back from my journey, unless T can
manage the Imposslble and get them dcne (and reproduced) before September 30.
My Plans f r next year Is to mako one more foray Into Eurooe, starMooln
London In about the middle of May. I llke to trv to cret to Basel by June 8, th« lOOth
blrtbday of Knthe Cohnberg- wlth whom I am sÜll in joyful communicatlon (she no
longer wrltes herseif, hut dlctates Intcresting letters to Ellen). Kaethe is completely
bedriddan no-' ard gets around only in a wheslchair, but mentally she 1^ more aleet
than I am, and knows everythlng and everybody and keeps her Interest, whlch Is
wonderful. New If you an not plannlng to vlsit alsewhere in Vay, I would love
to ficccpt your hospitallty, whJch you offercd me reoeatedly and so aenereously,
because It v/ould make "living" « bit easier, and the locatlon of -^our home is just
perfect fbr me. I thought of cMylrg no* rrcre than IC days. dependlng on a) whether
I can Visit a couple or three people who Uvc outslde LOndon snd wIjo I really must
see (buslness reasons, ?mong others) , so It may run into two v/eeks, but after that
I want to go by traln via Amsterdam, etc. landlng In Basel in time for the big day.
Details still to be v/orked out, and If necesssry, I mlght come a blt earlier than May 15.
Of course I will let ^-ou know m.ore as the plans begln to be put on paper. Thls time
I can take my time going from plaoe tc place, and no flylng to and fro,elther, I wUl
want to use tralns or buses (except to go to Prague for a -;eek). »Iso want to end the
trlp In Israel (2 weeks at least) , b^plng that I don't get there u'hJJe new fighting is
next door. Thls will be a big loumey, and I am train.<ng for It "Ith my travel here
(six vreeks) . I thlnk I can do it as long as I go slow and don't race from one deadline
to another. Now that I am free at last, I can do it, and my travel agent keeps saylng that
next year's fares mlght be cheaper than last year's or thls year's. I hope so, slnce
I will have to watch mji ducats, but I am very optimlstlc and am not usually talked
out of somethlng I have made up my mlnd to do.
In ir"^ ''•'^ ?!7 ^"^ '®* ^** ^^"""^ ^^«* ^^^ ^^^ ^''"»^ J^^nl'f (« real tragedy
m thls case wlth our economy In shambles) . I talked to hJm at <?ome length
about a month «go - he and his family keep asklng me to vlsit them but If so, I would
a^^/u ."°T ''"^ •«''^ '^«'^* y««'» ^^*n the weathRr Is better downthere, and still
?^t., ? u ^"J»^^**«'^'.*«' ^3^*"^^ ^'> ^'^rk now at a substantlally lovver Inrome (fortu-
nately he has been worklng T«lth his fatherJn-law) It menns that vour good sister
can no longer fly up here free of Charge, whlch In tum means that T can't see her durlna
not knov; untll she had already departed for Points in the Old American West somewhere.
TnrtZ^" »«d because ,he docs keep writing to me and we keep In touch -she Is
incredlbley active for her age - it must he the healthy stock of tbe Conltrers that
;; T^ni!^ r! . r" *" '"'u ^^'^'^ ^^^^*'* '^"'^ "^^^ ^"'" ^i*^*«^ ^*^l*f^ «>"ld not come
to London. But at least you have a chance to see her aa?»ln !n hin h©d «^outh Afrlca.
T ^"^Z l® T '^"''*" Michael? He is one of ssvrral Londoners I v^ant to meet again
I am dcllghted to thJnV that your greatgranddaughter is already i year old. Our second*
grandson will be nlne months old now (born Dec.24,19Bl), an abj^oluteW sxveet boy
who smiles conctantly, eats Uke a horse snd hs.-j a marvellous Mendlv dHposltion.
Fotos enclosed. His big brother Is taking to hlm . ?nd doef? not seem to resent the
amount of «nention that Eric gets too much. Daniel, at age 4, is one of the most
boautiful children I ha'/e e'/er seen. and n,ost photocenlc, as he knnws very well (he
Started to "po.e"for pictues now, -vhich fireauently means a hlt cf a phon» vlew, but
when hG Is pensive you can ^ee that kid has real character. He wll! go far.
My son and bis ^vife came on a brlef vlnit (f-irtunately) , they are b^th v/ell off and ,
very busy and totally lost to civiUzation an we kno.r it, hecan.e theylive in the Southern
Californlan llfestvie (constant Company, ehvays eatlng out at most ou-a-ageous tlmes of
the aay or late nicht, lots of the klnd of entertalnment whlch Js instyle out*fhere but
,T\TwT °.^ ^ •"' r ^® ''^'■'^^- ^'*^ ^""^ ''^^^ '^^^^ ^^ "^' ^"* "*^l'''«r understands the
gux. 'vhich dlvldes us (not to speak of 2000 milsT of ceoaranhlca! tf^perf^nion) Slnce
both er»rn vcr^/ ^ood monev, ihey are so busy countlng (and spendino) it that they rarely
have Ur^c left over to call us (netther wriles letters, unüke we, rhe parents, and our
ovvn parentsKItis a new generatlon and a new breed and T really find little to admlte
Of CD urse one loves one's children but the disappolntment cannot be denied. . .
Sray v-eil and enjoy :;ourself . I v;ill of r^urse keep vo.j Informed of the progress
Ol my Plans, whlch I -,'111 make slowly and deliberatelv so things tvHi work out as
well as they dld for me in 1978 (I never missed a o^nnection bot I dld too much In slx
weeks. By the tlme I got hcne I really \vas halfdead. But I loved it, just the sane)
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le'-'^f just like his Jjv^thei'' d
, örxuvcd -.arly )a Jeco-iber .?li,ls^^l. Ve
n
3j pnd sleeps all day Pa':i
an 3
x'O:?] Chile B i:d
4 i. u. •
II
,cß:-'r'it)£ )n hfilf
^y
See ".s w
el
Vit
v:r
a»
6
en jtnei* s ore ^oint
Ai
th
o.tina 1 had lotters r* on yr^r _^od siste.-
seera n '/ertohave e:iju^:h t
e a .^
irce
» i
w:
cij tCi^eo,
0 0 )ncinue t'ie h
6:n
:)d
^i'-V: i^- 'ABtZi^p ./hat X do
P in uo.ica wxtn the
Oiily have Lettens, not
I am ^^ojd wi th v/jrds.
turall
^'••e cor;'»eör^on:iHnce
Tf
i.ew w: . Bve: Le Jt tj uc, and sir
\j
Its
- Jn nst keon
I i ke i3 t o
ce :;e can
to
al
et sh jr
out it tn^p
Ol nf
s
Ler ever»;.- da
ot nf ti'Tie, Rad t
i i ke i t , a s
xMG f?ae'.s
.y •
v^ousin ^-aethe, so I JuFt heard i.> ) i KU
r», but nh 7,sicaU\- s
t and .nri
t ^^s eve
since sV-e ir'oke
1 *
er
In >c^ d
hi
) last
1^
f xci f! nursl lg hy^ie
y t'i! p ^.
k^
be i
en, is '^entallj r*^
"ne is In bPd s>^ane
s m a w'^e-'>lcbai]-» if
sne \^^B al no?t n ver»
, a )t in?^ like he^ i^r-er Li
n ")
rl'
to
Pve a c ony oj t^e
s-c^ and aiirays p and abo^t
/nere
•■».-.j-
ed that y )u had 2
o of yo
he wouli lo
tTi
an
^r
(seni it to llen ( -^
^ro'li y-):! Oft willlnf^ t
o^:r siptors
si^
: nrnti >n-
you
C3ny
r\«
ve nvie, L will 9vk
^r. ?u3n.\s^;?-,I^, !'r^' 3aael
0 nrr^t wLtb t' o roc wi?
■'•v*
^^ t^-^e ne^ ative
'•^-rtrui if sbe c ) Id nr.i
wit7er»Lp nd
e pr^t^^ar»
1 1* )n i'i/e
C 4.
•--also -"ai wori
new :'anll; mernbers* low
em-ana and 'Usela tu?oni
p.'^tar
v^ars
and thf\7 rdiei cii't
repüps. I
^oy
'^a V
X V!»ote to nes !iitthauei?, a vi if
^ ?evr
not ric into th
n-ei to .^eco^v
e tb .'nake new ta )l
3 '^e
es
or all
when tney Fi?e i^eady
e p.'esenr tanles* he alvant
the e tir»e se
e
ew ^/H o-^le c
pn-
a
)w is t-^at I d v^,^ t
o •
)?:! nll et the revirei tanles
i^ t
? Heath Court
)
Actu^ll
p
, for you, -.he iptp I ^Pve Pbv^t the eerlier Conitze-s
'r^
'fither. I hfl Vi
•■ri
OStl?r lV^
n; fibo!:!t /^rorit VO'i^
>A
>y»
3 Ol
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0- w^-ic- I t'^i 1^ y:)i)
:Pv<^ p ^ ^ny
TT
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Tive ^uc
p lot t
U
:rourdj rier iTetner. p
• oome yeflr^s pto I ps^^ irnc ^oh
) '-^new
years la the h )me o" hl
, prDn;t the storjr thfit Ar»->n ?neifl -ns
i c y^nlpinecj th.at Y
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a
triDUcht t' Is
is sjns don't
fird e
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cfire y\a&(\ ebout hin. Er^na
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y oi^ ^irhel's
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an jL do, find o
ni or»tunptely, I hpve nevep S'^n ahle to
y. ^I'he snory ^ ''oses
t^ e other s :jn
I h
• yo;v 'crow better
e ai-9 'Jini x-^cutifite since th
ouj?g npve a )t siirvived, pi^ooebiv l y^z
e c ) unpl r»ec ')i'»ds ")
pve relatively
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hßve LittLe rur
entb
e zo Bii. ihe fest are dat
vea O'^J^^e Vf/ II
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, s x'i0 or tneri q. re i it
epe
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M/ÄtQ ÜU/äL ^GCiÜQ ^NIL
h.^
1
i-y dear Cousin Lotte i
(ö^k^if^y
^y 28. 1981
Patience with this ov^rwo^Sld lr!d Sr?a?d^f/t •^'^^'■?^ \'' ^^'^^
late in responding to such Unf leu'^fas yours 1%^^° ll.f "^"
fmally. sent off copies of the relevant LmcoA-p+u^ ^""^I»
and descendents of yiur rood father t? -.JS?^! ?^ I!^'' ancestors
ter surr^rised ie lost oleasanWy^ [ had Seinen t^Jl^lt^'l ''"^^^^ ^""^^
but pot to replv. Her visit tn fm,/^«* k ? ° ^^^ ^ -^^^ a^o
terested indeed^ioo bad sJe^L^not'^or ^f^.l't^^ \^''' ^^Lj^ ^«^^ i"-
who has not responded to ?? iJ^t^^raralit^le^Sf^IJ.^? t'l^^r
Just to ^e it easier to bear the ^sZl7, I was cHiftLaTil ^'^
^««1 , ^ . ^ ". a^^^^ady soiiie weeks earlier. Xes 1 an hncv «n/i
not ouly m«sfi?'^n^v:rci,rs'to*''^tI^^i??,%?^'^^'^ ^^^^ »,.th.. . .11.0
<f 'i '^ f? ^^^^ I-'rariJc told you all about the fa lilv hic,t.nr.r 'o„+
to eet onto paper. Xoi will cwtainlv hf ^M» t^ ''!°'''' ^ ^'' ''''^^"S
have otio. cerxainiy be able to get a copy once I
tal:« adva,.ta.-e of itf it il'iiot lust IZ ^i„'S ^"^^ ^ ?"% "° "^ *°
!^^t-^ if-r- ru€£M H^^^
to -ny official lo^ve vhoL^rf^ +L , ' ^i^'°® ■•• '^sually add a week
anü nappy and if all goes well, we will -et together aeain.
make anitner Visit to London all the ,aore pleasant.
üo lonc, and all the best to you.
John Henry Richter,
P.O. B ox 7978 ,
Ann Arbor,
Micbigran 48107, USA.
2nd March 1981
Deor itohn.
I hope thot you and your family are vell ^^nd happy.
There v s a family '-thering at the ocasion of my sister
Gertr'jd Moses» 80th birthday in Santiago. AltKough t^e jour-
ney was tjuite costly for me, Imtide it a point to accept the
invitation, This I did not repret, for it ^ds a memortble
event, as our branch of the Conitzer descendants were ga-
thered tof'-ether. My .sister se H me 2 identical pictures. I
can let von hnve one of mine, if you have not received it
frora someone eise,
The r( storation of my flrt ^ rs been at last completed
after a conversion from the central heating System to indi-
vidual g^'s he. ting and bot it. ter supply, ilich -as «nother
upheaval for mei B ut nou my horae is inhabitable, und it vill
be a pleasnre for me to liave you as a guest. You will have
a room vell he^ ted and with every comfort.
While we vere all together, Frank Moses narrated enthu-
siastically ab ut diarles and chronicles which were disco-
vered. I was very imich thrilled by wlat I htf rd. I ^athered
that you have tl ese stories of our ancestors all orderly
assembled, and I beg you to let me have a copy of tiie wSole
Story, for wlich I would }>ay you, hovevermuch you were to
ask for it, for yith these acc umts the iamily tree will
come to life for me.
I ho e that t: is ill not be too niuch trouble for you,
I am lo king forward towards your rer-ly.
^Hth kind regards io'irs sincerely
D
f-K i^vU»^4^^ 1 1 So
OCAN<^
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/ ^ Harvesting Peanuts ./by Ru^Schloit / /
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TIN*? Dn>3aV i\ynn D»\yH
'I will make darkness light before th
em
Thi$ Card hos been purchased fo support
the work of the Jewish Blind Society
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by lion the Printer in Israel
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'I will make darkness llght before th
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Thi
$ Card hos been purchosed to support
the work of the Jewish Blind Society
Printed for the Jewish Blind Society
by lion the Printer in Israel
Dear Lotte
7
November 2^, 1979
Kany rnany thanks for your good wishes and those magnificent
fotos. Also for the good and the sad news, which usually corne together.
Unfortunately, I still have not found the address of Frieda »s daughter.
to whom I really like to write. especially since she found notes about
her father's family in the estate of her raother. It is not, of course.
our family» but I have other Krohns and one never knows what useful
inforoiation one finds in the genealogies of other farailies.— If you
could get me the address of the £ytans, I would appreciate it indeed.
As to the fotos, you know who's who, but not I. The fei low in
the soldier's uniform with a tiaustache looks very much like a Conitzer.
S^inrnS'^" ■*" ^^J^^^^* is your father. The young fellow in the uniform
WITHOUT a moustache, but instead with an imposing sabre. doesn't
look much like "one of us," but perhaps you can teil me who he is.
Those three men in the woods could be your father and 2 of his brothers.
or eise he with friends. Please do teil. I have no problem with the
"holiday«; foto of uncle Alex with his wife and daughters. I remember
ü^na as if I saw her yesterday - and here she is, face as ujichanged
sorae fifty years before I ever met her (I think I met her
first in Hollywood, since she had left Berlin before I visited her
father in Dahlem (193^ or 1935. and a few times thereafter).
The last one, Alex Ind Company on a beach, is a
riot. The woman so comfort^ble in iihe chair on the right could be
his mother-in^law, but I don't know v/hether she was living at the
time thiß foto was taken, ürna looks like 13 or 14, which would
mean (since she was alraost exactly as old as my mother) 1904 or
1905. vmat a goodlooking man uncle Alex was, Stetson and all.
• •
1^0 not feel bad about respondlng "so late" to my
last missilei I am so overburdened with professional work I can
hardly find time to send off my checks to pay all the bills. No
härm done. I do wish I could get l-ichael Conitser to v.Tite again,
but I guess he is too busy rjc-tking his millions. — When I am not
busy with library work, I am busy with my archives» getting the
iments, letters, fotos and genealogical data in
riuge 111 es of documents, j.cuuciö, ^uous cinu geneaiogicai aaxa in
shape so I can start writing the fanily histories. Eventually it
will all end up, nicely organizod, and indexed, in the leo Baeck
Institute (thev can liardly ^»ait, as they are very fond of family
histories,etc.) . — I had a very nice letter from your sister
Edith, and hear quite often from Gertrud, who, for reasons un-
inaginable, likes me and my letters. We are trying to stay in
touch, as next time she comes to Florida MAYBE I can go and see
her. It all depends on when, seeing how busy I am. As my grand-
mother always saidj Vor lauter Arbeit komrae ich zu nichts. How
I noticed your »ery kind invitation to stay with you
when next I show up in London. I raight just take you up on it for
a very brief petAod in either I98I or 1982. Depends on how wealthy
my banli is, so they can loan me the money to ;nake the trip (iSng-
land,Berlin,Prague, Spanien und Israel. ,well, one can always hope.
Alexander Henry Brocke has joined the gang as Conitzer # 593.
The only new raeraber this year...
Stay well, and DG ;VRITS SOCN
AGAIN .
'Jec.??, lS7ß
i^ar
• ovsin üott«: g^(^^
. i inwat Ftert -.^ith a lotip. apolofty Cor rny ailencQ.
ioiooeei un.xime by fia «vale'.che of woric ooth st work *ni\t home.
tut, t j nentloa to oua/ .-.uGinoss t.»xr>a and s wo«k ia h->& ftareles ta
see i- a>a :.iRrx.iod ( r. weeK we all li'ro to "ort-Pt, it wsa porfest
c/.itos up to tho laa^, .f/xaute - b-Jt v.ß.Uag ver' •>na r«lf>tiV6e .ar ^-.oro
, ,, . ^ ^««1 9V6n rrcr© ,r?.ulty ther, u,8u«l beceusö I }uet
töi«ea to y>ar ,:o3d ?istei- ^ertrud who 'iPver» fa^ le to r.>-il-,i ^.^ tbßit.
et ;V .!T^, . a:i Just r. jnunu c Icken. Sb»? If «Twaye .a th« o fmd hui
I» illlDn th— .«rr »o h»r :'lad, pII cii" fho-^ ^^ th« f r >- t bi't*n-rs nt th«
»«'ne tiT», Kh« -^«^ntloaei t st y^n ©rn beo'r ?n yinr «»npr<>i»nt, st
iRet - pnd T ,-,,p „^^ rfttoyc« vlth y:n:, -->v^et.t' -f --ly bai jfc cs'-n«
t.:>o lato for ne to .?e)f» It in ßll Irs «Inr^.
..w / , ^^ ^'* '^'^ *^'«^ '*'»^- -^ »l^'J oecKUPQ I wftat:e:i to aend
yor the <o.- clo?edy f.^tos of fre iefin m' -v^ "n-.nv, w'^ looka - >t n
thon -^''r;« ßny ds:r. t:-ot -ho bnd slipped ->d p c«r-n«t «nd .9«n.^e ^ n b^p
rr.ca a Ut-le, ot «U l>: wsU aow. At 95, sr,e pt nuts r» to !v.efv>a '
»very tirr:e. if i cer, Jo (,hßt well fit 65, x vUl te cn r.^ InJ.-.s^,
*''^^'-'< (^f'tep) «o»©« vee.a our. ia; tj« t> vf?»it.- t't«
r»_iJ.,, .Story, w .cf'le .jj>etly in my betd «nJ ^n xny huadpeJa oi* aotos
ana iottr^ps, wn;.c:i i an gjÄoi'. tm^oufttri alowly,
i hftve co-plet9i c 3aruhel.i K^eaoif^l ny «ad will pond
Ü 3U » gOi:y, X 9.I&0 w.li do the -i^'ssnei»«, cnd setid yöa o c )py .too.
,. *u '*^''^^ ^'^'"^ in tur-i be wlUln«- to oopt witt on« of your fcwo coples
Ol the Tjseyen op .V?) elstera i^edoritjann? ^f jo„ co,.ld, : voul i valu«
itcnoEt hir-ly, i^ut pleese i;dlcete w'o'b who In th« ordar t e . elt oa
thPt roc-t ppnierke -Lc i oto. 1 ver-t to ..Pve t r.e^etive nflUe so tost all
t^© deaco.:d6nt8 rn ow;i t :> »ne t-> oe intorfcstad et'. hi.ve a copy.too. Ru^'h
plctiiroH ara i ndaed ovicplevn,
Michael ^oula oroiiseo c » wv« ile s^oebox füll oc^ ^otoa
he :. hor^xtna rr -; bis FJfat.di'i.thep ftfid father, -'s he hins&lf t-j -s nobody
ir - Aufl. *r ;-:ve. xt occurröU tu re « olt lete, pc-rhapr, that he could
S>^own ty« nlcturas t) y v.j bofore \.b alla t^ em, and X '«t tom know moat
or tri« peonlfl on t^ oee fotoi-.
"^7 fpi^llv prcV);.v«P i.-cl"dfes, by t-,>i»? y.-Ji, « ; Ic« hfinlwrltt«n
lettet» T^.m hin »'ppndfet ;.-.r r.ir.,r,ot''9j', tone (l-, iJ.7, 'ipt b-fo-e oth
'^.:-> f d -rieia üied), '> '-. w: Lc »■;e -.ä i'6-;-anil)»i»f, -.7 vio^t o ' 1^37 and
givas -le a brief cji'rioulnu ^Ita na v/ell, rpo he i« oarj oao o' ^-hoa«
fotos.
. ütay well, and do dp )p me j^ rv)te when yo'j hsve tlme, I poulf
have :8ed a .. it'-.er 2 waeka in i-or.dou eaaily, i t. . .
X
/
^^■/^
V
/' *--s(zf •' 6
^
}
July l^N, 1978
uear cousin Lotte» ^^^^
wy thahfcs for your lettar of the Qth, ane indeed,
piy synipathy for your havintT to re lain away frcü your nice ho.e for
so lonp:. .iaa not sure the lanaßer of the coiipany is doing hia feest,
11 it should take hi ( all those months already paesed.
While I fjurely ^/?ov.ld have enjoyed seeing you in youx hor^e
and your hoppitality, i cajinot postpcno .y visit to London or extend
it beyond the äpecified day cf return, which is "unchan.c-eable"(octo-
Der 13), because of the conditiona under v;hich I am gettiiv^ a very
.such reduced air fare between xJotroit and I-ondon (roundtrip). It wouj d
have to bee a serioua proble-i like illness to poatpone the day of
return, and, franidy, after six v/eeks on tha road, I an sure I vdll
welco ;e the end, i\:.ot to .lention age, but 30 years apo traveiaing for
me was siore lun. i.ov/, at the ^aybe not ripe but elderly age of 5P,
I arn goirv<^ to be of the run for a lon,ror period than 1 have been
since 19^5, after i.iy Coole.* b Tour tJirouj^h iestsrn Jiu.roT)e with the Aiieri-
can iki'-iy, ' , '
I won t ind at all ataying in a siaply roo; at tho Y CA,
preferably m ad London, as I rmoss tho downtown branchos raay be
filled up. Jould you be able tc reserve a roo i for 'io? i'or tctob^r
3 (early eveninfc arrival, I fi,.'urö) throujc^h Gctobor 13, vVhen I :iust
be off to lioathro^v to catch the plann leavin/5 lOt^O A . 1 a ä an
of si.^ply naoös and a roo , with a wash basin iill do, I neeö no private
bath or shov^er. Jiiphasis is on oconoay, as I foot that bill v;ith : y mm
pannies. If they require an advanca pay..)ent, porhaps you could pay
it (which would be faater than a check fro t höre) and I v;ill cf couisa
retum it to you v/hen I see you. I should also ;aention that I will
^^^^®: fS^^f^^^ ^^? 'o8ByöSSÄn°" tctober 3, v/ith s^itish ^uopaan Flif^ht
637. at IJ.^K) X (iSätlöftWf, and I f-uess it would be a little whilo bs-
fore I get to v;herever you reserved a roo for ne. If thare is no
Yi'CA Space in your area of London, I v/on't uind a downtown location
either, as I know I will be on jy feet all day and only need a bed
for the nicht -and, in contrast to ;:ost of .y country-aen here, I don't
need a radio or 1'. in :,iy roo 1 either. 1 have an idea I will spend
most cf ^ evening with those long-not-soen-relatives and sone friends
I have n in London, one ti ie or another. As you see, I intend to use
.ay ti 16 carefully, and I hopa, wisely. If no :: can put -ue up, any
si7iple reaaonably-rated place would do.too. or do I need res*aurant
servide in a hotel, so nüthintT fancy is needed indeed, •
If you could let ie know (as soon as you Icnow yourself) about
aareservation, l v;ill appreciate it t^reatly. I vdll pick up -^ly last i-ail
on Jepteiiber 5, which ought to be ti.;« enou^h. If not, I tvin give you
call anyhow after I arrive, and can find out at that ti le, too. I havo
your phoiie nu .ber and also that of the Charles 'Jernard, so nothinp; should
ßo wi'onf^ if the v/eather holds out.
' y thanlf.s and >^ery
• /
GUEST NOTE PAPER
9th August 1978.
CHARLES BERNARD HOTEL,
Frognal,
Hampstead,
London, NW3 6AL
Tel: 01-794 0101
Telex: 23560
John Henry Richter,
P-0. Box 7978,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107.
Dear fcöusin John,
I received your letter of 17th July nith thanks.
T em pleased that you intend to follov my invitation,
but it is possible that I cannot hüve you at that date
as my gueet. I am still living in the hotel as you no-
tice by the letter head.
I spoke to the manager of the Company, and he was
vague about the date when the flat would be reüdy for
me. I hope that you can pospone your visit to London.
To come ^^t^me in the middle of October would be fine.
Please have in mind that t might still be .ible to put
you up, but t must await the next communication from
the management.
With greetings to you and Your family,
Your pousin
13. August 1978
Liebe Hermyi
^ einen heralichsten Danlc fuer Deinen schoenen Brief
vor,] 25«Juli. i^unaechst die "neusten i^achrichton" besgl. der Heise*
Ich werde also ani 23 Septe aber in o^ockhol.i ankoirunent von Berlin
und ueber liaiiiburg her* ber Flug is 3AS 646, undkorarct aui' den
i^lugplatz Arlanda ud l6:iK) an, so heisst es hier, und wenn alles
gut geht. Deine ielennuiiir.ier habe ich jetzt ja, und ich werde Jich
anrufen, sobald ich iieine beiden (kleinen!) Koffer in jifieinem Hotel-
ziaaer aufgestellt liabe. Kach eini^reru I^achdenken und Besprechung it
Deinem Reisemarscball, der ja auch nicht nur ein ''etter von mir ist
SQdernnauch den l^'rieg in Stockholm ueberlebte, habe ich nich ent-
schlossent in Stockholm ein ^Inraer zu nehn.on, szurnal die J!ntfernungen
nicht alli:ugross sind, bei Privatleuten zu wohnen liegt nichwenigert
es sei denn ich kenne sie, da es dann ir.mer etv;a^3 schv/er ist, spaet
oder unerwartet nach Haus zu koiunen. Ich bin sicher, wir koennBn
manche schoene Stunde zusa^amensein, ohne das Dir xaein Besuch zur
Last vdrd - ich bin sicher, Ju hast D einen ce^voehnlichen Nachiittags
ruhe, und so frueh wie ich stehst Du gfliv/iss nie auf . Jarum auch.
t'a, etwas yon Stockholm ::ioechte ich auch sehen, und mit der
Bibliothok ist das keine Schwierigkeit, kann auch ohne schriftliche
JSinfuehrung den Laden i/al ansehen. Da v.dr soeben Direktoren ge-
v;echselt haben, ijind der neue nicht hier ist, lohnt es sich nicht,
auf ilin 2U %'arten. Forschungen habe ich nur in Berlin und London
vor, und da weiss genau, was ich will, sodass keine Zeit verschwen-
det wird. Aber auch Deine So ohne .lo echte ich gern ken:: umlernen,
ohoffendlich geht dast
Die Addresse von neinem Hotel schreibe ich Jir v/ohl naechste
wVoche, v:enn ich die Keser^vation habe. Haette auch gerne eine
Auffuehrimg von einen Werk von Junnar gehoert, aber das ist wohl
zu viel gehofft. ..^^ ^^ v;eitores also, it violon Gruessen,
^ Da haette ich es beinahe vergessen; '-'^
ueid der.. 28, Juli bin ich nun Grossvater,
woran ich mich erst noch eev;oehnen r.mss. /
Juliet hat einen solu- niedlichen Sohn gehabt, -<ler Dajiiol Janes
a^f d h iSn ''^*?'''"^^'' r'*'^?- ^ ^i^^^ ganz ude Seine S?ter
aus, d.n. ebenso wie sie als sl- auch 2 iochen alt war. ir ist
ganz gesund und munter wie auch die . a.-a) und -ciaaei-t ^U±
dT^ ^'^ v^ X '"^"^fi'^'i-^ ?ri'^? n.eiiten«aeci?r durch!'
^^ ^vJ«^.^rt,"^^'uf^^^^^^''" ^^^^ "^^^ ^"ch sehr, aber dvon vdrd
man bekanntlich nicht reich, i^aniel. so hoore. ich ist seines
kelnr.:ono! "^ ''''^''''- ^ "^""" ^" ^•'""^' aber das sjfe^f hier
Stocksund, den 25.7.78.
fe
h
A .
Lieber John, Heute kam Dein Brief vom n.Juli hier an, und ich be-
eile mich Dir zu sagen, dass mir Dein BesL-ch am bonrab. t d den ?5.
Sfptemter -^a/I llkoniiien i.sl.. Icli kann mir abs<jlut niulit voris l.elleiy wo ,
Du hier in Stocksund ein Zimmer bekommen hast, es wäre nur in einer
privaten Familie möglich. Aber lass mich sofort Du kannst Name und
genaue Adresse wissen, sodass ich mit den Leuten telefonieren kann.
Also Du kommst so rasch wie möglich am 2^. zu mir, und wir
werden den ganzen Tag für uns allein haben. Alle alten Fotos werden
bereit liegen, wir können über alles sprechen- Dann am Sonntag werde
ich versuchen , dass Du Harald mit Karin und Gunnar mit Bergig ot und
vielleicht meine Enkelin (Tochter Haralds) mit Christer zusammen-
triffst. Aber absolut nicht bei mir, da ich seit meiner Krankheit
wohl nie mehr richtig stark genu^: sein werde^ um viele Gäste gleich-
zeitig bei mir nu sehen. - Aber ich werde alles so gemütlich wie
möglich ordnen, sodass Du alle ken en lernen wirst.- - lind irgendwie
wird Dir auch etwas von Stockholm gezeigt werden.- Aber natürlich
musst Du die Bibliothek hier sehen.- Das Einfachste und Natürlichste
ist doch, dass einer Deiner Chefs von Deiner Bibliothek in Ann Arbor
so bald wie möglich einen Brief^^an die hiesige Königliche Bibliothek
schreibt und Deinen Besuch hier ankündet und sie bittet , Dir zu helfei
So ist es doch üblich, daiss irgend ein dazu Beauftragter Besucher aus
fremdem Lande empfängt und ihnen hilft das Interessanteste zu sehen.''
lind natürlich wäre es noch viel Interessanter füy Dich die beri'hmte
Carolina rediviva'^^in Uppsala s^u besuchen, aber dazu reicht ja die
Zeit nicht. - Ohne einen Begleiter hier in der Bibliothek herumzulau-
fen lohnt sich sicher nicht. .-
Vor einem Monat ha^te ich Besuch von einer Jugendfreundin au-
München. Nach 12 Tagen hier in Stockholm waren wir beide von Gunnar
nach Gotland in sein Heim eingeladen, dann zogen sie und ich ein
Pensionat dort auf Gotland. Nun ist sie wieder in München. Sie war seh
entzückt xunn meiner Familie uni'€em Lande. Und wie sie sagte/war der
wirkliche Höhepunkt ihres Aufenthalts ein Konzert/das in einer der 92'*?
ten Kirchen der Insel Gotlands stattfand. Es wird nie mehr zum Gottes-
dienst benutzt, nur zu Konzerten, lind fi^r diese Kirche hatte G\innar vo
einigen Jahren ein Werk geschrieben^ abgepasst gerade fijr die eigenart
Akustik dieses mittelalterlichen wunierbar schönem mächtigen Gebäudes.
Ungefähr zweimal im J ahre wird Gunr'ars Werk dort au "gefi^'hrt , immer gut
besetzt, keine Tonformulierungen die erschrecken, sondern einen auf- «
horchen lassen und eine wundervolle Solopartie von eirter uheerer gross
Kirchensängerin gesungen. ,
;i Aber die paar Tage die Du hier sein wirst y 3ind:tiur dazu da
meine Familie, unsere wunderbar schöne Stadt etc. etc. kennen^ zu lernen!
Aber bitte folge meinaiu'. Rate ynd sehß zu, dass die hiesige Königl.Bibl
thek einen Einführungs1:)rief aw über Deinen Besuch erhält.- Und von :
Israel können Gunnar, ^ergl^ot viel berichten und Harald interessiert
auch dieses Thema! - Aloo willkommen im September und schreib
sofort Du die Stocksunder Adresse weisst, und um welche Zeit Du
dort eintreffen wirst. Auf W iedersehen und viele Grüsse
PS. Du musst doch wissen an wen Du
bei dem Besuch in der Bibliotek
(also Name!) Du Dich wenden sollst!
Uuu^
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1 1
Mr. John Henry ftichter,
1103 So. University,
Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48104, U. S. A*
25th September 1977
Dear Cousin John,
I received your letter of 4th inst, vith thanks. I like to take
up the different ^tems as you asked for them.
My journey to South America is as uncertain as ever. The house
ovner's agent continues keeping me in suspense, as to the date, when
t he reconstruction of ^^Heath Court will be donej and I only want ^-fc —
Visit my sister during summer time on that continent. Therefore i
might still be in tlondon after all from Sanuary to March. It appears
that you feel inclined to come to Europe again in the foreseeable
future, when I certainly shall welcome you and your \.ife in my renova-
ted quarters,
You certainly will meet Anthony and lEtichael. With the latter I
just had a long talk at the telephone. He is about to move into a
15 room's house with a big garden. I must leave him alone until he
will be ready for a house warming party#
I am visiting Grete Jacoby regularly in the nursing home. She "
will remain there for quite a while, as she is recovering very slowly.
There were 2 brothers Marcus, sons of Rahel Marcus, one of two
sisters of my father's. The oldest one, Arthur, got mentally disturbed,
when he was a unversity Student and died even before the 1914 war in
a lunatic asylum, and Erwin married late in life a widew with one
daughter, called Erna. He died a few years ago without ovn descendants.
The address of Erna Marcus is:
Alameda Santos 734, Apt. 61,
öardim l^aulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil«
You may get a reply from her daughter Mrs. Gisela Mercadente.
In Sao Paulo are also livingr
Henrique (Heinz) Flatauer (married to Helga)
Rua Martin Francisco 1057, Caisso postal 3140,
Agnes Flatauer, (^Manfred has got her address)
Manfred & B ertel J^latauer,
11000 Santos, Caixa postal 2026, Agenzia Gonzaga.
There is a John H. Flatou or Flaton, (married to Inge)
1974, Pointview,
Los Angeles, California 90034.
I never knew that a ^^«ans Flatauer existed in England. I uould
like to get in touch i^ith him. Other Flatauers uill, I hope, give you
his address.
I know that one Flautauer is living in France. When I met him,
when with Erna Cohn in Switaerland, he had a clock and watches whole-
sale business in the south of France. Erna Cohn in Los Angeles will
know soraething about him. He sure will be alive, being younger than
me.
I never heard of Paltor^ in tsrael,
know them.
Anthony •s address is;
7, St. Olaves Court,
9-11. St. Petersburgh Place,
London W2 4JY.
With kindest re>^ards for you and your wife,
Yours,
but again sorae ^latauers may
L i^iUi. ^j n) ^ c
Dear Cousin Lotte
. '^<?Ä^-
Sept.i^, 1977
My thanks for your letter of August 21. I was reallv pYfic]
to hear of the family gathering and the fact that thl?e if so much
intorest in our mutual ancestors and therhistory of the fLily
as well as the help I have been getting from both sides o^the
Citrail'the ^ala TLU:'''' "''^ '^''^^ '"°™ ^°^ ^'^^'^ ^^'^^*
m
The only sad part is that it looks, as of now that wp n^-n
TllTnl '^ti?"'°?- r^/'^"^' "° '^"^^ ^"^^«^' '^ ^oZe revLLn!
call for getting to London on or very near March 5. with a returA
to Detroit (our international airport "next door") by April 10
l^l^ •L?°\^^??^ but the general period (between late Februar^ and
the middle April) is fatrly certain. If not, it would be a jour^y
t^^^LV't ^r^T* ^'^^^T^t^^y* I would prefer it, but my daugh?er
and her husband may not be able to come along that late inthe vear
And sinoe we do want to go together (so I ha?e a Chance ^o intro?
duce Juliet to some of the people she has heard of a lot but never
met) I would say we shall have to retum to raeet you in vour
renoyated quarters. So you will have to stay fit and enjoy life
until we can return to London. I would hope, so, that while we
f?^c? 00 ? I.would love to see Grete Jacoby, /+0 years after I
first saw her m Hamburg (if it was in 1933. then it was even kk
years earlier. I think 1933 is correet).--
wac, hprp ^^HTL^'^v"° contact with the Marcus cousins. When Erwin
was here, I didn't know it, and I had no idea they have a daufhter
and^auddaughter. I should like to write to him so Ihey can be
included in the revised tables. Just this week, a letter to Man-
fred Flatauer came back, possibly because I had an old address.
I am particular ly anxious to get in touch with him since he is
the only one left: However, I have »ritten to Hans in England.
while Hans Flatauer m los Angeles has disappeared from the tele-
phone books (7) which cover the huge area. : aybe he moved. The ./el-
wpn Garden City Hans Flatauer hasn't replied to my letter. althourh
I know he was interested in the family, from my earlier contacts
with him. If you have any addresses (including the PalAars in
Israel, please let rae know.
while I
ready I
Don t worry too rauch if your trip takes you out of london
pass by. If nAot this tirae, then next time. I realize al-
can t see all the people and places in nne btief junket.
What I could use is Michael 's and Anthony 's addresses.
Our te.ephone book of London here is from 1972. so it is not the very
Mr. John Hehry Richter,
1103 South University Avenue,
Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48 104 U. S. A.
21 8t August 1977,
Dear Cousin John,
I thank you for your letter of 12th inst. I was very
interested about what you wrote about yourself and your
famxly The letter arrived just the day after the gathering
in my home consisting of Michael C. and Cristine, Anthony
wxth Consuelo and David. B y the way - David is directing
mostly news, and I think that Canada are doing her own.
I h«ve the intention^to visit my sister Edith felucksmann
at the begmning of next January for 2-3 nionths. But nothing
18 quite settled jet. It will take quite a time until I de-
fmitely know whether I can leuve at that time, because the
house I live in will undergo big reconstruction, and I like
to be on the Spot while this is done. I had posponed the
journey fron. January 77, because I expected the Job to be
done last winter. I do not like to put the visit off agaih,
as I am not so young anymore as you know.
When in Southamerica I would visit E^lna Marcus in Sao
^aulo, who was married to Erwin Marcus, now deceased. They
had one daughter and one granddaughter. Let me know if you
Lhave not got these details alrei dy.
I shall very much regret if you will come to feondon
during my absence. I do not travel very often and would be
pleased to have you any other time.
With my best reg; rds to you and your family,
Cordially, L ♦ ^U- \0. >i*^-t-«-^.
/
Lieoe C«u£ine Lette:
12. August 1977
ner
so aus fuehr liehen Antwort hast
Du mir eine grosse Freude gemacht, i^'atuerlich kannst y\x mich
John nennen - if your memory serves as well aa I think it does and
as your letter sh^ws, then you might just dinly remember my vislt
in 191+1; when I was in Londen in -ny roleas American soldier m an
extended sight-seeing trip (which enied in August 19li5 in my former
apertnent housel ) ' , -, ^ , i,
Kany thingshavehappened since, ny proTe-^sional Life as a
librsrian, marriage, two children Inow grown) and a friendly di-
vorce ^1973), «nd in betwoen uncounted letters to regiments of
relatives. Because I promised; our cousin Erna C»hn to bring uo-
to-date my Conitzer data collection and to do in reproducible form,
so that aai our cousins (far r.ore are i nterested than I dared to
hope) can get a cony ofthe set (sone l8 or 19 Charts like th(5
one you have for additions and corrections) — .The revtsed ones.
shoullbe T'eady by the end of this year.
\^
1 was mest pleased to read about yonr family, »nd the fact
that Anthony and his wife are both with S.O. WA13URG - ouite
incident8lly> or accidentally, as one may read, one of my r,e,latives
on the rieisser family sile is a itrect descendent of the same -Var-
burgs, however, he was n ^t in oanking but studied and taught a lot
bout monetary theory (Hans ?. Heisser, who died in 1975). ^^^^
a record collection here on raore than 3CGC people, such c^incident
is Vit surprising.
/
Very happy to hear that Michael Leuis Conitzer sharea our
interest. I still »member quite well my visit to his grandwarents
in .iamburg 11937), and I shall be happy to send him all the data
once tney are ready. David' s 3:3C prograra will probably not be
sh)wn on the Canadian TV Station at Windsor, Ontario - one that
s jwsa lot of a^C Specials, etc. and which I watch regulf^rly, be-
cause their news broadcasts are generaUy far more informetive a ,d
mature than oure. (I am oniy liC miles from Canada, and visit .our
neighbors frenuently). , « ^, , .-j ^
1 married in 19l;8 l« cousin of mine on my father's side;
and e have a dauf^hter (26) raarried, and ■ son (22). Oaughter is
a -»achelor of Arts (1976) who majored in A'ear Eastern Civilization
andwo-adlike to dig around in .^«J^?«}» .^•yi"^. ^«^^«f^ J^ !f!°5'!*2l^'
gy.
to do.instft8d,'she will olan to ^et a I'aster desrree in the sa^e
field.) Mark, onr son, is the first genuine aallor in the entire
collection of .-elatives of mine ir any of the seven fa^nilies of
my 8 /rreat^^randnarent«. He is in the US Navy, • navigatir, ---nd
will be until 1<^79. ^ut not for a c«reer. Too much tro-ble t,o get
the Kind of work andtraining he waats (he ia reaLly a mathematics
man, seid wants to get closer to Computers). Hofe it will work.
Jaughter (Juliet)is ruarried to a gonuine native -Uchigan man Inot
often found) who is well employed ( lucky for .äfe<. 'xy cousin and
formar wife will start teaching English to natives sone plPce in
the Caribbean earlynext year (Master in £.ducation,1977J • ^ne can
' ' ' na. abroad for a few years.
/o".ldlike to dig arouna in J-sraei., naviag umm-ou o-. mx-^ix-^->^
Infortunately, »11 one can do with it is either dig or dq re
:h. since teechinp is amther matter (w^ ich she doesn t want
r L. !v, ^, -Michigan 'Librarj here «ad ne.rby r»P now 22 T««r,
wi? .^^' y?^'' ""^ ^^* professional actlvitlea that go with U
Not a Position to get rieh in, of co'.rso, but v^A fatiafTin^
lS37;icorref,o9n!ed with her after the war).-- I shall v.rite to
v^!^ '^'^ "!i^ ^'^ ^'"- ^"^ Conitzor -onzern by .Vaachu! Xt ia
st^riea puoiiahod around 1932. If that's what ha has, l won' t
•a ')to o?'^;.^«' ^"^'"^ ^^'^^"^ o;fering it. D,.8"«nyone"hav3
a . )to of uosoa and Ernostine öonitzor, the rrandr^Prenta?
onm. i-f^r "^"* ^"S^ grateful for yjior »frer to house tne if I
como to uondon. My daughter and I «re worlcing on a plan which
^ric7fl''^^f y; t^ Vfndon sanetimo between regruary 1 and A^ril
l_}llzi ^^ }} really y^orka out, wa would love to accept the
s_
Mr. John Hemry Richter,
1103 South University Avenue,
Ann Ar bor,
Michigan 48104, Ü.S.A.
17th July 1977.
Dear Mr. Richter or may | call you John,
During all tJese years i vondered iihat had become of you, and
therefore I Yaa pleased, nhen ^ got your letter.
First i like you to learn a little about me and my family. As you
know I am almost 8 2 years old, but I an, not senile yet. I can still
do many things like drive my car, play biidge and travel on my own.
can thank the british health Service for this.
I like to Supplement your genealogical table as best as 1 can.
My daughter's husband, Henry Brocke, died r>n the 21st of February 1960,
My ^randson Anthony Brooke will be 31 this year, and David has been
27 in Uay. Both are satisfied vith their car ers. Anthony is a banker
with the merchant bankers: S.G. WÄrburg His wife, Consuelo>, nie Alex-
ander is a director of the investment departraent at the same bank,
Anthony is very interested to learn more about his ancestors. He would
be grateful for ^xeiting the whole family tree from you, and so would
I, and David certainly, too, whom I had not seen the last fex days.
David is directiug an important program at the "British Broadcasting
Corporation", which keeps him rather busy.
I assume that you live a settled way of life. I like to kiow,
whether you are married, have a family and about your career. Should
you intend to come to ^iOndon, I would welcome you and your wife, if
you have one, to stay with me, as I have 2 bedrooms available.
I am with kinde t regards,
U (^ l W \ J r
OL
P.S. I am sending you this letter now and the chürt,
rendez-vous with Michael Conitzer.
af ter my
Daughters of my sister Irma Boas, who died 1953, are
Gabriela; she married Brian Lother. There are no children. Her address
IS :
Pairway Cot tage,
Oldmeldrum - Inverurie,
Aberdeenshire ABS - ODL,
Scotland.
^h. u^'\'rt'^7. ^""''" "^'"'^ " ""'' """"' '^"'^'•' fror^i;! was devorced.
She has 2 Children. Thafs all I know about her. U er address isr
Rua Itacema 275, Apt. 101,
Sao Paulo,
Itaim Bibi -
B rasil 1/8.
Enclosed letter va^ vri^^^r^ i>j!*^ i i
mj Cousin C.Zil ^'''''ZJ'"^ '"* ^''^ ^^'^^ °*' ^^« descendants of
my Cousin, Grete Jacoby. She is s4i44- very sick- alfhn„„h i- u^, ^
ter sh«. ifi o + ^ii • •'^ sicK, aithough slightly bet-
ter, she IS still m a nursing home and not able to do anythinir Lr
daughter, Mrs. Stannett, sent me their chart 1*n in °°/°J^''"S- ^^'^
Miphnoi 1^ • n .. i^'ieir cnart No. 10 and the address of
Michael Louis Conitzer in London, and I contacted hin.. H e was very in-
terested and will meet my grandsons in my home probably on the tOtW
of August. He is in possession of an album about the Conitzer Konzern^
and had immediately photocopied every page and posted to me. If you
are not in the possession of the album and are interested to have one,
David Conitzer vill certainly send you a carbon copy too.
In the meantime my grandson David B rooke came to see me. He too
was thrilled about the family tree.
^F375
*^
biographisches Handbuch
der deutschsprachigen Emigration
nach 1933
Bandl
Politik, Wirtschaft, Öffentliches Leben
Leitung und Bearbeitung:
Werner Röder, München - Herbert A. Strauss, New York
unter Mitwirkung von
Dieter Marc Schneider - Louise Forsyth
Autoren:
Jan Foitzik, Louise Forsyth, Lea Honigwachs,
Waltraud Ireland, Hartmut Mehringer, Egon Radvany,
Hanns G. Reissner (1902-1977), Werner Röder,
Dieter Marc Schneider, Herbert A. Strauss
Redaktion:
Sybille Claus und Beatrix Schmidt
KGSaur
München • New York • London • Paris 1980
326 Jacoby
gcnt.; oo Dr. Margot Goldstandt (geb. 1899 Strelno/Poscn),
jüd., 1926 Prom. Berlin. 1938 Emigr. Pal.. 1940-45 Sängerin,
1945 Emigr. USA, Sprach- u. Gesanglehrerin, Schriftstellerin,
seit 1947 Kunsthändlerin; A:. Frank R. (geb. 1925), 1935 Emigr.
Pal., 1945 Emigr. USA, Ph. D., Doz. für Germanistik Brandeis
Univ.; StA: deutsch; Pal.; USA. iVeg: 1935 Pal., 1937 USA.
1912 Staatsexamen, 1913 Dr.jur. Berlin. 1914-18 Kriegsteiln.
(Offz.-Anwärter, Uffz., EK II). 1921 Dr. rer. pol. Würzburg,
Assessor, 1921-35 RA, nach 1927 (?) Notar in Berlin, zus. mit
— Wenzel Goldbaum Teilh. einer bedeutenden RA-Firma für
Urheber- u. Theaterrecht, tätig u.a. für S. Fischer Verlag, UFA,
Schriftsteller u. Bühnenkünstler. Gleichz. Syndikus des S. Fi-
scher Verlages, Gr. u. Syndikus der GEMA (Genossenschaft
zur Verwertung musikalischer Aufführungsrechte). 1921-35
Mitgl. Berliner Anwaltschaft, Gesellschaft der Bibliophilen,
Deutscher Schriftstellenerband. 1935 mit Sohn Emigr. Palästina
über Frankr. mit A I-Zertrfikat, Rechts- u. Wirtschaftsberater
u.a. für Versicherungsges. Migdal; 1937 in die USA mit Touri-
stenvisum, später Einwanderungsvisum nach Aufenthalt in Ka-
nada, 1939-60 tätig beim WJC, 1941-60 als Forschungsmitarb.
u. Mithg. der Publikationen des Inst. ofJew. Affairs des WJC.
1951-52 Vertr. des WJC in Deutschland (BRD), Besuch von
D.P.- Lagern, Mitarb. an Grdg. des Zentralrais der Juden in
Deutschland und an der Vorbereitung für die Nürnberger Pro-
zesse. 1949-60 Vertr. des WJC bei UNESCO. Mitgl. Am. Jew.
Congress. Internat. Lawvers Assn.
W: Hitier's Ten-Vear War Agamst ihe Jews (Mitverf.). 1943;
The Racial State. The German Naiionaliiies Policy in ihe Pro-
lectorate of Bohemia-Mora\ia. 1944; The Siory of ihe Jewish
D.P. (Mitverf.) 1947 (2. AuH. u. dt. Übers. 1953); Dictionary o{
Jewish Public Affairs and Related Matters (Mithg.). 1958; Qu:
Arch. EGL. Hand. Pers. - RFJI.
Jacoby. Güsta>, Dr. jur.. Rechisanwali; geb. 10. März 1904
New York; jüd.; V: Siegfried J. igeb. 1873 Berlin, gest. 1932
Berlin), jüd., Bankier, um 1900 zeitw. in GB u. US.A; M:
.Amenda. geb. Rappapon^geb. IS"! New York. gest. 1947 New
-^'ork), jüd.. 1905-55 in Deutschland, anschl. US.A; G: Dr.jur.
Sidney J. (geb. 190S), 193^ Emigr. USA; » 1935 Eva Michaelis
(geb. 1908 Berlin), jüd., 1924 mit Eltern nach J. später US.A,
B.A., Fachüberseizerin; A'.- Sylvia J. Cohn (geb. 1937); Stephen
M. (geb. 1940). Stud. Columbia Univ., RA, Mitgl. VerwRai
Seitneip: SiA: USA u. deuiscn. Weg: 1933 USA.
1905 Rückkehr der Familie aus den USA nach Deutschland.
Ab 1922 Stud. Rechiswiss. Freiburg. Berlin u. Leipzig. 1927
Prom.; als Stud. Mitarb. in versch. Berliner Banken u. 1924-27
Lir. Finanzabt. bei Mansfeldscher Metallhandel Berlin; Refe-
rendar. .Assessor, bis 1933 RA in Berlin, dann Berufsverbot.
Juni 1933 Emigr. USA mit Besuchervisum, 1934 Anerkennung
der ehem. US.A-Si.A.; 1933-35 Stud. Rechiswiss. Univ. New
York u. Columbia Univ., zugl. Sachverständiger für dl. Recht,
Verf. von Richtlinien für dt. Jurisien in EmigrFragen; März
1936 Zulassung als R.A in New York, anschl. Anwaltspraxis in
New York. Im 2. WK Mitgl. Citizens' Defense Corps. 1946-58
Präs. u. VorstVors. Einwanderergde. Congr. Habonim New
York. VorsiMitgl. LBI, Jew. Philanthropie Fund of 1933, AFJ-
CE. New York Foundation for Nursing Honies Inc., Am. Barri-
ster Assn.. ab 1936 Mitgl. N.Y. County Lawyers' Assn. (langj.
Ausschußmitgl. Foreign Law Comm.). Lebte 1977 in New
York.
W: Die interparlamentarische Regierung nach deutschem
Reichsstaatsrecht (Diss.). 1927; Habonim - „And All The Fast
Is Future**. In; Living Legacy, Festschrift für Rabbi Hugo
Hahn. 1963. L: .Anniversarv ^'earbook. Congr. Habonim
1939-49. O. J.; Congr. Habonim. 1939-59. Past, Present and
Future. 0. J. D: RFJI. Qu: Fb. Pers. - RFJI.
Jacoby. Henr>- (Heinz). Schriftsteller, UN-Beamter; geb.
3. .Aug. 1905 Berlin; V: Sigmund J., Kaufm.; ex 1930 Frieda
(später Freda) Koschke, Textilarb.. Mitgl. Freie Jugend, KPD.
nach 1933 ilieg. Tätigkeit, März 1934 Flucht nach Prag. 1937
GB. F. P4l USA; StA: deutsch. USA. Weg: 1936 CSR; 1937
F; 1941 USA.
Bis 1920 Gymn., dann kaufm. Lehre in Berlin. Anschluß an
Freie Jugend unter — Ernst Friedrich, Mitarb. beim Aufbau
des Anti-Kriegsmuseums, bis 1927 Ltr. von Verlag u. Buch-
handlung. Anhänger der Individualpsychologie Alfred Adlers
Verb, zu — Otto Rühle. Mitarb. Internationale Zeitschrift fdr
Individualpsychologie. Ausbildung als Sozialarb. an der V ,hl-
fahrtsschule von Carl Mennicke, 1930-32 Ltr. des Sekr. der
Deutschen Vereinigung für Jugendgerichte und Jugendgerichts-
hilfen. Sommer 1930 StudReise in die UdSSR, Eintritt in
KPD. Nach natsoz. Machtübernahme Anschluß an illeg. KPD-
Oppositionsgruppe unter— Kurt Landau, ab Mitte 1933 füh-
rend in illeg. Tätigkeit der Gruppe, Mitarb. Der Funke u. Be-
iriebszs. Der revolutionäre Vertrauensmann. März 1934 Verhaf-
tung, u.a. Columbia-Haus, 2 1/2 J. Zuchth. Waldheim u. Bran-
denburg; Juli 1936 Emigr. Prag, Apr. 1937 Paris, schriftst. Tä-
tigkeit, Privatlehrer, ab 1938 Ltr. eines privaten Waisenhauses
für jüd. Kinder aus Berlin. Mitgl. Verband deutscher Lehrer-
Emigranten. In Paris Mitarb. Gruppe Funke ( Marxisten-Interna-
tionalisten) um Zs. Der Funke u. Kritische Parteistimme.
Deckn. Sebastian Franck. 1939 Internierung, Ende 1941 mit
Notvisum durch Vermittlung von Max Horkheimer u. Frede-
rick Pollock nach New York, Fabrikarb., Angest. jüd. Org., ab
1942 mit Auswertung europ. Zs. u. Ökonom. Analysen in New
York u. Washington beauftragt (— Adolf Kozlik). Mitarb. So-
zialist. Zs. Call u. Zs. Politics, Ps. Andre Martin, Sebastian
Franck, Berger. Nach 1^45 Angest. FAQ, zuletzt Ltr. Genfer
Büro. Mitarb. Amnesty International. Lebte 1977 in Genf.
W: u.a. Franck. Sebastian, Zur Kritik der politischen Moral.
1947, 1971, ders., Soziologie der Freiheil. Otto Rühie^ Auffas-
sung von Sozialismus. 1951; Die Bürokratisierung der Welt.
1969; Otto Rühle: Baupläne für eine neue Gesellschaft (Hg. u.
Beiträge). 1971; Beiträge zur Soziologie der sozialistischen
Idee. 1973; Alfred Adlers Individualpsychologie und dialek-
tische Charakterkunde. 19"'4; Begegnungen mit meiner Zeil
und manchen Zeitgenossen (auiobiogr. Ms.). 1977. D: IfZ;
IISG. ^w.Arch. Fb.-IfZ.
Jacoby, Konrad Yoram, Dr.jur., Rechtsanwalt, Minisierialbe-
amier; geb. 4. Juli 1906 Königsberg; V: Siegfried J. (geb. 18"2
Saah^eid Osipr.. gest. 1928 Königsberg), jüd., R.A u. Notar,
Mitgl. SPD. Kontakt zu Hugo Haase. später DDP; M: Antonie
Elfriede, geb. Behrendt (geb. 1S''9 Königsberg, gest. 1968 Jeru-
salem), jüd.. Stud. .Vlalerei. 1^40 Emigr. J. über UdSSR, 1947
Pal.; G: Paul iztb. 1905 Königsberg, gest. I9t)5 Jerusalem).
r^32 Stud Assessor. 1933-39 Lehrer an iüd. Schulen in Berlin u.
Breslau. 1939 Emigr. PaL, Inh. einer Leihbibliothek in Jerusa-
lem; Heinrich (Chanoch, geb. 190Q Königsberg). 192" Abitur.
Stud. Hochschule t'^ür Musik Berlin-Charloiienburg. Mitgl.
Radio-Orcnester Frankfun M.. 1933 Em.igr. TR, 1934^ PaL. Gr.
Musikakad. in Jerusalem, Komponist, ab 1959 Miigi. Phil-
harm. Orchester in Tel .Aviv; Hans Kun (geb. 191 S Königs-
berg). Emigr. CH. dort .Abitur, 1938-39 kaufm. Tätigkeii^in
London, 1939 Pal., im 2. WK Dienst in jüd. Brigade, Buchhal-
ter in Kefar .Ata; oc 1931 Dr. med. Hanna Pelz (,geb. 1909 Kö-
nigsberg, gest. 1972 Jerusalem), 1933 Prom. Basel, 1934 Emigr.
Pal. mit Ehemann, 1944 gesch.; K: Rachel Varon (geb. 1934
Berlin), 1934 Emigr. Pal., Stud. Verw Wesen. Beamtin im Ge-
sundheitsmin.; Dr. rer. nat. Yael Naaman J. (geb. 1937 Petah
Tikvah). Forschungstätigkeit auf dem Gebiet der Biochemie;
5M.' deutsch; Pal. 1l. Weg: 1934 Pal.
Ab 1920 Mitgl. Blau- Weiß. 1924-27 Stud. Rechiswiss.,
Gesch., Phil, in Freiburg. München, Königsberg. 1928 Prom.;
Mitgl. K.J.V.. I92"'-31 Referendar, 1931-32 Assessor, Apr.-
Oki. 1932 .Assist, des Syndikus bei IHK Berlin. Nov. 1932-
Okt. 1934 Syndikus Bankhaus Boehm u. Reiizenbaum» Berlin,
gleichz. Miiarb. Berliner Zionistische Verewigung. Ltr. zion. Ju-
gendgruppe. 1932-34 Itd. Position in K.J.V.; 1934 Emigr. Palä-
stina mit .A I-Zenifikat (Transfer durch Haavarahj. Mitgl. Hi-
staärut. Kuppai Holim. Haganah. 1935-41 Landwin in Kefar
Yedidyah. Emek Hefer. Hilfspciizisi. gleichz. Mitarb. bei der
dt. .Abt. der Jew. Agency. 1939 Siediungsberaier der H.O.G..
Mitgl. des Rates der landwinschaftl. Genossenschaftssiedlun-
gen Tenuar haSfosnavim in Emek Hefer; W42 Verkauf der
Farm. .Miiarb. Insirukiions-.Abt. im Sekr. zt: Tenuai haMosna-
*r if I f iwi fvjSij.
«N-Peor» G Beioved momer
arc, Jerry ano Dion^ Sc«-
. <3ear sister of Leon F.eld,
st grondmother of eignt Ser-
Sundov, 12:3C dt The River-
76th St and Amsterdam
:R — Tnomos B of Nevv York
jnd Lowrence, Long isiond
>uddenlv on August 22. 1985
survived bv his wife, Helen
r, his brother, Or Robert R
r and steoson, John H Clai-
III ond grandchiidren, Jonn
£i»iabeth Ciaiborne Funeroi
es will be heid Mondav, Au-
.'6 dt 12 noon, Church of The
Lotion, 209 Mddison Avenue,
^y Interment, Mornstown,
Jersey in heu of fiowers,
butions moy be mdde to The
h Of The Incarnotion Visitmg
on Sunday. Aug 25th, from 6-
ot the Frank E Camobeii
Ol Chdoei, 1076 AAadisonAve
R — Tnomos ß Holland
* .=8 F & AM. Bre^hren With
regret dnnouncement is
of the death of Worshiofui
^r Thomas ß Foster. a Post
r of the Lodge on August 22,
v\asonic funerdi services will
'd on Mondav, August 26 at
n the Church of the incarno
)9 Mddison Avenue
Edwin j Wheeier, Moster
R Thornton Wilson, jr Secv
R — Thomos B August 22
nalf of the members of The
nee Beach Club we extend
moothy to his famiiv on the
of our loyal and devoted
ent
Board of Governors
-'-Alfred K Diedon August
5, d former Vice President
nufacturers Honover Trust
inv, New York City and res-
f Montciair, New Jersey A
MOi Service Will be heid ot
tongregationoi Church. 40
Fuiierton Ave, Montciair,
*rsey on Mondav. August
t 2PM In iieu ot fiowers
utions to the American Red
viii De üjpreciQtea |
'■" ♦♦-ifl^-*«-— '■^•^ -^f- • -^
sympathy to Leonard Hörn our
President, on the CK3ssing of his
deor wife, Glodys
HÖRN— Glodys We extend our
heortfeit condoiences to her hus
bond Leonord Hörn, our fnend
dnd oartner for manv years Sym-
Dothy is exteoded to her son Sieve
ond her dQugmer Robm
. .^ÄDOdnd Peggv Kidr
HÖRN— GldOiäP* Alpine Countrv
Club, its Hfifgw^s, officers, direc-
tors ond Uilnpyees mourn the
possing of ^jRbeioved wife of
Leonard p
Dovid A."Mortmon, President
JACOBS— Sondv. Beioved husbond
of ihe lote Frances Devoted fath-
er of Pouline Ross ond Cdroi Got-
tlieb Loving grondfather and
gredt grdndfdther Brother ot Irwin
Jacobs Funeral dnd buridi August
23. Union Fieids Cemetery, Brook-
lyn New York.
JACOB Y — Gustav Suddenly m
Montreux, Switzeriond, on August
20, 198S ßeioved husbond of Eva
M. Devoted father of Svivia J
Cohn ond Stephen M Lovmg
grondfather of Melissa Conn Aivo-
rez. JOihuo, Pnsciila, Lco-Faith,
ond Thoddeus Cohn, and Raphoe-
ond Tobias Jocobv Dear brother
of Sidnev B Services Sundov, Au-
gust 25. 1 PM at Congregation
Hobonim. 44 W 66 St, NYC
JUSTlC — Frank Passed awoy on
August 21st ßeioved husbond o*
the lote Mary Ann, chensned unci€
of Michael and Elame Justic He
will be missed by all of his fnendi
and relatives He wiii oiwavs be m
our hearts Seryices Sundav,
9 45AM at Schwort: ßrothers.
Forest Park Chopei , Queens
Bivd and 76th Rood. Forest Hills
KANTROWITZ-Lenore (Rosen-
saft) of Pomona, New York on Au-
gust 21, 1985 Beioved wife of Ben-
lamin, lovmg mother to Naomi,
Louro and Poui Grondmother to
Brian, chenshed doughter of isa
dore and Gertrude ano devoted
sister of Howard Your sweet. cou-
rageous presence wiii be with 05
throughout our days Funeral ser
vice6, Sundov, August 25. 1985 The
r\ > , . ^ ^ ^ . «...
• • •••• t«i
''1
ip
er
Hopwood Aword for
his^(51?1?i UACöß^
August G^^''^^^
fK)ns to CaDnni Hospice, N
SCHRElER-Corl D Beio
bond of Phviiis Devoted
Lon Schreier Berlin and Sil
Loving son of ido. dear bi|
Helene Friedman ond
Forst Service Sundov, Au
11 AM ot The Riversid
Street and Amsterdam
New York, New Y orV
SILBERMANN-Isodore, J
membership of the New y|
choonolytic Society and
deeply mourn the deoth
beioved and honored se«
leogue on August 15, 1
served as trammg anaiv st|
member and President of
tute The author of si
scientific oopers, he strd
fluenced d whoie gener
students ond colieogues
miss him very rnuch Cur
condoiences to his belov
Sina, their son, George, an
fomily
Aaron Esm
New YorK Psvchoonoivti
George E Gro
New York Psvchoonalvtic
SIMON — Chorfotte Litson
gust 23, of Monmouth BeJ
Wife of Maurice F Simon,|
of Frederic Simon, of Ri
Vq, ond Virginia Steiner,
son, N J Sister of Edwor
ot Elizobeth, N J Grand
five, gredt grandmothei
Funeral Services privotel
tion on Saturday, Augus
pm. ot the Richdrd C
Funeral Home, 236 M
Rood, Ocean Townsh
Pleose omit fiowers
SIMON-Choriotte The
and members ot the Elbe
Bathing Club mourn the p
a longtime and voiueo
Charlotte Simon, ano e«te
ixJcr influ-
lish capital
ler convic-
Irooklyn and
llle section,
Univ^r-
rsity Law
|ed Samuel
nine black
th raping
ht train in
uted to his 1972 elcctlon loss.
Before entering poiitic* Mr. Barnes
was a Navy chaplain and senred as a
pastor in Methodist churches in Penn-
sylvania aiid New York.
He is s^^lfived by two soas and two
daught
Wt^^
TAV JACOB Y
Army in
i perma-
ll t of Japa-
batüe of
itsasa
sometimes
hearing
skirmi-
ers Said
a major
of a wlt-
aidshad
witness
i dramati- 1
thejury.
^ his wife,
daughter,
Gustav ^pxMoy, a New York lawyt.
Tor 50 years, died Tuesday on vacation
in Montreux. Switzerland. He was 81
years old and lived in Manhattan
, J^J^- Jacohy , wbo apecializedin estate
law and was an expert on German law
helped found Congregation Habonim in
1939 for Jewish refugees from Germa-
ny. During his tenure as President
from 1947 to 1960, its present synaeogue
at 44 West 66th Street was built
A native of New York City Mr
Jacoby was brought up in Berlin
where he eamed a law degree. He prac-
ticed in Berlin until 1933, when he re>
tumed here after the Nazis rose to
power. He then studied at New York
University Law SchooL
Mr. Jacoby is survived by his wife,
the former Eva Marianne Michaelis; a
daughter, Sylvia J. Cohen of West
Orange, N.J.; a son. Stephen M.. of
Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y.; a brother
Sidney, of Bethesda, Md.. and seveii
grandchildren.
flpatljö
GUSTAV JACÜBY
VetSü^^Y 10024
New York City, July 13, I985 C^U^t^)
Dear Mr. Kichter;-
We just returned frora London, England, where we celebrated the
101 st birthday of iXrs. Margarete Jacoby, widow of Prof. .lartin
Jacoby. She still retainü her remarkable mental alertness and
pleasant disposition although she ic presently confined to a wheel-
chair in a Kursing Home,
Your letter of June 15 th is greatly appreciated, especially your
sending nie a photo of the Ilenken ilemorial Tablet in Toronto, IIow did
you ever find that? I was also intrigued by the seroxed page of Ost
und West from 191O which is such eloquent testiinony of the antisemitism
in German üniversities long before Hitler. I know that there was a
Prof. Max Michaelis, a practicing physician in Berlin; he is no relative
of ours, nor are there to my knowledge, any relative^ by the narae of
Michaelis,
raarried to Heinz Adaiaetz
My father had one isister, Johanna, ur^^^ÄIüaöüJfflyijaK ^ümos^ , a portralt
painter. They resided in what is now Säst Berlin, and vanished during
World War II. A brother Siegfried died when I was a child, he was never
married. My father's raother's name was Hulda; she died when I was quite
young, I never knew my paternal g^andfather. Many years ago we lound
out that there were distant relatives in th. U.S.A. who came here at the
turn of the Century, changed their name to Michaels, and were in the
jewelry business in Connecticut, I have no contact with them anc don't
even know in what city they live or lived,
As to ay mother's faiuily ( Philipsthal) ( Taole MlSk ) please note
that my mother had, in addition to her brothers, an older sister, actually
a step-sister. My gr.ndfather Theodor Philipsthal» s first wife died in
childüirth , and the slrl was raised by his second v/ife Anna, nee Sachs
when she becarae Mrs Philipsthal while the little -irl was still very young.
Her name v/as Ixargaret, she married Alfr-d oaloiion, they had two sons,
Pritz and IIein£z both of whom eaigrated to Cincinnati alter Hitlet,
Alfred and Margarete Saloafti coiarrätted suicide in Berlin just before
imminent deportation to the Aast. Fritz, called F ed in the U.S.A,
was married three times: I) to Sonja Swienti, niece of Karl Liebknecht,
they changed their name to Swentyj they had one son, Pete, now living in
Cincinnati. Ohio and himcelf three-times marriecl and ..'ather of ßeveral
children. after Sonja» g death Fred m.rried Rose, and after her death some
years b,^o he inarried Card v/ho inforaed us last v/eek that Fred died. You
might be interested to learn that Fred had been v/orking for ir.any years on
coinpiling a family history, I think mostly his father's and first v/i.fe»s
history - He met his third v/ife Carol while searcliing for someone to help
him put iiis story into perfect 2nclish« I have no idea how far this v/ork had
pro-;;ressed, but I intend to find out after a v/hile, and if you are interested
could put you in touch with her*
The other brother Heinz, ( itenry) cied la.:.t year, he v/as marrie<3. to Ilse
and there is one 3on Michael, married to Vinita, there is one son.
Henry Philips, son| of my mother's brother Hans, is alive, but, as far
as I am informed, not in very good mental condltion. He lives in California,
is divoroed from his second vife , formerly Ursula Veit-Siraon, whoa he
inarried when his first wife Billy died«
As to iTiy sister Ilse: she va:: married to Martin D. Wollman which you
State correctly; he died on 1'ii.y 25, 1965? they alwa^^ys lived in Kew .fork
Gity, exct.pt for a weekend and s\iiiii-aer residence in lorkjfown lleights, M.Y.
A small correction on the AiJSA table, if you don^t mind: my grandiather
Theodor Philipsthal retired in Eeuenburg at age ^i^Q 45 raid noveu to Berlin
in 1885, when ny inother was one year old»
iiov7 a3 to the Jacooy Faaily:
1) Hermann and Lise Oberneck had no children*
Cur 3on»s name is Gpelled Stephen; he now resides in Croton-on-Hudson,
there are two sons: Raphael Leonor Jacoby, born May 5, 1975, 2,nd
Tobias Benjamin Jaccby, born April 19, 1978. The mother^s legal name is
Jordy Bell,
3) Our .:au,jhter Sylvia aas moved to West Oran/:-e, N^J^ with her fa.mily,
the name of the oldest son is Joshua.
I have v.o copy of the letter I vrote to Eiy oldest granddaughter some
yearr:- ajo while .:he was in Coll'?{je. It would not be particularly relevant
for you, since it was intended to ::^ive her some idea of the historical
events wiich were responnible for our and other f amilies' moves to all parts
of the ...lobe , nd did not deal with specifics, 3he had an assignmant to
write an essay on foLiily histories in the context üf world history*
2)
i
Aß to Table ÜB- Sidney J|goby, my husband«s brother, a now retired
Professor of Law, Uvea in Washington, D^C. area, with his vife Elaine.
Their older daughter Evelyn is ^etting marrieu on JMIJ July 24 th to
2111 Killer in San Francisco* His young-er daughter Ann, mother of :3ob and
ICicole Heath, is diV6rced from v/ayne Heath and now raarried to Jim Atkins;
they live in Los An^^-eles.
Your enoriaouß interest and the time you have spent searching for so
auch Gource material is highly appreciated by my husband and myself,
Ve v/ould really like to see you again when you come to rew York the next
time, and we could talk for hours on end; there are so many details v/hich
are too cumbersome to W3:ite about»
Ky husband joins me in sencling kindest regards, and again many
thcinks for all the material you have sent us,
Sincerely yours,
E^ i/
•\t
rabbi. Accul-
es at Hebrew
hy, students,
. Description
)us and social
iflAS, United
igee Semce,
n Refugees),
tan Commit'
iigees Started
eceived such
I (Warburgs,
encompassed
;?, Commit tee
nity Services
cies, Reform
or Orthodox
and National
ees to other
Je WS fleeing
Jewlsh immigrants of the Nazi period
in the USA. vol. 3, pt.l, NY,Saur,1982
Jacoby, GuMtaw/51
at Usbon University. Wife taught German to Portuguese children while respon-
dent made business contacU which led to small-scale manufacturing of paper and
plastic bags; detailed history of his business career, association with Goodyear
Tire & Rubber Co., and development of new products. Immigration to U.S.A.
and acculturation. Start of plastics business with new products, later cheap
imports from Taiwan. Comparison of social relations in Germany and U.S.A. ;
much more segregation in U.S.A. and existence of strong social anti-Scmitism ;
opinion of second generation. Comparison of labor-management relations and
attitudes toward work in Europe and U.S.A. Discussion of his children.
arg. Makkabi ; Bar Kochba
Tape 34, 6 June 1972, \% hr, Interviewer M.T.
94. JACOBSON, PAUL
b. Mannheim (Baden)
res. Mannheim; Berlin
occ. Grain merchant
emigr, Canada 1925; U.S.A. 1925
res, New Yoik
occ. Insurance agent
Background in Jewish Liberal family, which had owned a grain business for over
100 years. Description of this firm, its branches in Belgium and Argentina and
its representation of overseas export houses, and of his career in Company.
Immigrated to Canada to escape German inflation, later to New York to join
brother. Career history in Canada (grain) and U.S.A. (Insurance broker). Wrote
insurance articles for Staatszeitung (New York), and used inquiries to get busi-
ness among non- Jewish German immigrants; later Jewish refugees became
Clients. During the war used knowledge of grain trade to switch to marine insur-
ance. Comparison of grain business and employee-employer relations in Europe
and North America (U.S.A. and Canada). Had no Jewish education and minimal
involvement, but parents owned seats in congregation and he celebrated Bar
Mitzvah. Involvement with Jewish organizations here (e.g., HMS and Selfhelp
Community Services) through contributions. Attitudes toward religion, U.S.A.,
Germany, and Israel.
arg. HIAS; Selfhelp Conmiunity Services
Tape 35, 12 June 1972, 1% hr, Interviewer M.T.
is paper job-
\\ education,
US Professor
95. JACOBY, GUSTAV
b. 1904, New York (moved to Germany 1905)
res. Berlin
occ. Referendar ;assessor
emigr. U.S.A. 1933
res. New York
occ. Lawyer
GrOSTA\J
-% ».
***»,
I I
i]
\»
52/Oraimstor} CoU^ction
Profde of Congregation Habonim, estabüshed by Rabbi Hugo Hahn of Essen on
first anniversary of Kristallnacht. Founded to serve Geman immigrants seeking
a religious home where German culture and language prevailed. Rabbi Hahn
induced rcspondent to join about seven months later; respondent incorporated
congregation and soon became a trustee and officer. Description of early leader-
ship, membership, and Operation out of Central Synagogue building. German
aspects of congregaüon; financiai affairs^; links to Queens, New York, where
many members Üved led to establishment of a Congregation Habonim branch at
Rego Park. Congregation offers no social Services, and has no organizational links
with Selfhelp Community Services except Congregation board members serving
on the Selfhelp board. Cultural activities, especiaUy lectures and discussion
groups. Description oi Congregation Habonim today: its building, Organization,
second generation.
org. Congregation Habonim, past President and trustee
lit. I.B.D.,vol. l,p.326
Tape 7, 14 June 1972, 45 min, Interviewer M.S.
96. JONAS, HANS (HENRY)
b, 1926,Vienna
res, Vienna
emigr. U.S.A. 1938
res. Pittsburgh,PA
occ. Porlrail pholographcr
Family background: parents emigrated from Galicia to Vienna about 1910;
tather was portrait photographer. Emigration history: father interned in Buchen-
wald and Dachau conccntration cMtnps 193R-1Q39, thcn rcicascd. Family Icft
loi U.S.A. r)3H. (alhci joliicd ihnn in |9J<;, imdc in PittshuiKli sciil aindavit;
inoiher worked as maid for six months. Acculturaüon. Education in Austria
to age 12, then education in Pittsburgh through high school. Army Service 1945-
1946: career development in father^s photography business foUowing World War
11, took over business after father died. Attitudes toward postwar Austria and
Germany, never went back to see place of birth; is married now and has three
daughters.
Tape 714, 18 June 1971, 1 hr, interviewer M.S.
97. JOSPE, ALFRED
b. 31 March 1909, Berlin
res, Breslau (Süesia, now Wroclaw, Poland); Schneidemühl (Posen, now
Pila, Poland): Berlin
occ. Rabbi
England March 1939; U.S.A. June 1939
Washington, DC
Rabbi
Backgrour
bcrs. Edu'
ordained :
rabbis uni
Emigratio'
and gettir.
camp SacJ
U.S.A. Ac
WV. Rabb
Hillel Fow
its prograt
relations v.
to their pi'
postwar Gl
org.
Tapes 110:
98. KAHN
res.
occ.
rmifir
res.
occ.
nackp.roniK
1852. I.ilf'
Joined Jev.
dentis fric
membershi;
exam in B«
license to
factory foi
not a men>
France aid
German Jev
Office with
accounting
after additi
studies, pa^
to other In
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and U.S.A.
org
Page 12
LBI NEWS
LBI President Max Gruenewald speaking to guests at a reception for the LBI et the Berlin
headquarters of the Springer Verlag, a modern structure which abuts the East-West Berlin
border and overlooks the Berlin wall. "I have always asked myself what attracted Axel
Springer to the LBI, " said Dr. Gruenewald. "One can certainly say that he had a deep feeling
for the Jewish people. Indeed, he demonstrated that amply through his actions. It is also
possible that he saw in the Institute the embodiment of an epoch that was vital to him
Perhaps there is a third explanation, " Dr. Gruenewald continued. "Perhaps he feit dose toa
people or an Institute well-acquainted with walls. Our Jewish existence was an existence
between walls, and we had the strength to live with them and sometimes to conquer them.
Perhaps it was that, which appealed to him."
AXEL SPRINGER
(1912-1985)
The Leo Baeck Institute mourns the un-
timely passing of publisher Axel Springer, its
close friend and generous benefactor. Mr.
Springer died on September 22nd, only weeks
before he had planned to personally greet
participants of the LBI's International Con-
ference at his Berlin Publishing house.
At the October 30th reception for the LBI in
Berlin, Mr. Springer's close associate, Ernst
Cramer, a member of the New York LBI
board, recalled that this day had long been set
aside on Mr. Springcr's füll fall calendar. **I
want to personally thank my friends from the
LBIforholdingtheirconferenccinBerlin,''hc
had told Mr. Cramer. **l also want to thank
them for taking it upon themselves to preserve
the legacy of the German-Jewish past,*" he
added, "and for allowing me, in some small
way, to help in this great task ..."
Mr. Spnnger's deep interest in the LBI
predates his first visit to the New York Insti-
tute in 1967. Addressing guests ata reception
held in his honor at that time, he said:
"When I walked through your house today
for the first time, and saw the grandiose
representation of German Jewry's intellectual
achievements, I was overwhelmed with
admiration on the one hand and, on the other,
gripped with pain. I don't want to try to
explain the inexplicable, thedetestable. How-
evcr, when you go through this house, it is so
obvious what the Jews have done for my
country and it isall the more incomprehensible
that they were rejected so brutally, so dia-
bolically . . . It is not easy for me as a German
to stand here before you. I have spoken loudly
in the past years about the Jews because I fear
that after 20 years— as human as this may
be— something may be forgotten that for our
own sake and for the sake of the German
people should not pass into oblivion ..."
Axel Springer continued to speak out loudly
for and about the Jews, as a keenly informed
and sincere benefactor of the LBI and as a
committed friend of Israel.
"He had great feeling for the Jewish
people," says Dr. Max Gruenewald, Inter-
national President of the LBI. "Those who
know about his flight to Israel immediately
after the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War and
how proud he was to have purchased the first
executive airplane manufactured in Israel,
those who have read his Speeches and the
articles he wrote for "The Wodd on Sunday,"
know that in every way Axel Springer
followed the policies of his heart.
"Axel Springer came to the Institute on his
own initiative and feit at home already on his
first Visit. From the very beginnmg, his
relationship was a personal one," Dr. Gruene-
wald recalls. "Some day, when the story is
written of how a people tricd to get back on its
feet after almost total destruction, the name of
Axel Springer will appear as the great friend
he was. And among those who benefited from
this help will appear the LBI on 73rd Street,
where Axel Springer feit so at home."
GUSTAV JACOBY
(1904-1985)
The Leo Baeck Institute was deeply sor-
rowed by the sudden death on August 20th in
Montreux, Switzerland, of Gustav Jacoby, a
member of its New York board of directors
since 1968.
Mr. Jacoby, an attorney, was born in New
York but grew up in Berlin, where he studied
and practiced law until 1933. In 1939 he was
among the group of German-Jewish refugees
in New York to found Congregation Habonim,
which he served as president from 1947 to
1960.
A devoted member of the LBI with a keen
interest in all facets of the LBI's work, Mr.
Jacoby gave generously of his time and sage
legal counsel over the years. His participation
and presenceat myriad Institute programs will
be greatly missed.
NEW LBI FELLOWS
Henry L. Feingold and Monika Richarz
have been named Fellows of the New York
Leo Baeck Institute.
Dr. Feingold is professor of history at the
Graduate School of the City University of
New York and at Baruch College of CUNY.
He is the author of The Politics ofRescue: The
Roosevelt Administration and the Holocaust,
1938-1945, which won the Leon Jolson Award
as the best book on the Holocaust in 1974;
Zion in America: The Jewish Experiencefrom
Colonial Times to the Present; and A Midrash
on the History of American Jewry.
Professor Feingold serves as president of
the Jewish Historical Society of New York and
as chairman of the Academic Council of the
American Jewish Historical Society. He sits
on the editorial board of Reconstruct ionist
and is former editor of American Jewish
History. For several years he chaired the Leo
Baeck Faculty Seminar.
Monika Richarz, director of Germania
Judaical Koelner Bibliothek zur Geschichte
des deutschen Judentums since 1984, is best
known to LBI members as the editor of
Juedisches Leben in Deutschland— ihc
acclaimed three-volume edition of selected
memoirs from the LBIcollection. Dr. Richarz,
a native of Beriin, began her study of Jewish
history with Prof. Adolf Leschnitzer at the
Free University of Beriin, where she received
her Ph.D. in 1970. Her dissertation. Der
Eintritt der Juden in die akademische Berufe.
Juden als Studenten und Akademiker 1673-
1848, was published as the 28th title in the
LhVs Schriftenreihe SQv'xt^. From 1972 to 1979
she worked at the New York LBI on the
memoir project, which aimed at using the
autobiographical testimony found in the
C)
June 13, 1983
O
Dear K rs* Jacoby:
I may assume vou remember iry name Scom the tlme I had
the pleasiire of vlslting wlth you and your husband, talklng qenealoay and
dlscoverlng that both of you are related to nie, albelt crulte distahüy '
T^st October ^nd November, I traveled through 'A'aahlngton, and once aaaln
attended Service» at the Congreg.5tion HaBüMlrn, where a very old filend^of
mlne, £rom niy atudervt days iii Berkeley, California, Rabbi Bernard Cohn, Is
officiaüng. It wnn a pleaaure ta see him agaln, and thls tims, belng In the
-ociaJ. Hall, I dlBcovered Mr. Jecoby's Portrait, as *fermer President of
the congr.t>gatic>:i. ?hcrtly a.ft?r;vard, I walked acrcss the campus of the Unl-
verslty of Toronto, v/here I found the recently-installed memori.il tblrt ^or
Dr. L aud Lconora M^atfcrj, on Ahich the name of your father is promlnentiy
menüoned. I am enolcsing a copy of my foto, just incase you do not have one.
It is Indeed a pleasure to cone aoross such good reminders
on journcys and in cpincj research about the various families related t.^ my own
byamarrlage. In OST UND WEST, in its Urne a very excellent qenerai'journal
I icund an arücle ullh a Portrait of your father (name slightiy misspelled).
and dn ptcl. oo2, he is rneationed together Vvith a AM/JC MICHAELIS, presumablv
also a pnysician, and po:3si'ay a relative?
, , I '^^'^^l^ *hatat the tlrne we spoke of the farnllies, you ment-
lonoo tnat you bad v^ritten an essay on your Taürer'b familv, mainly for th« beneflt
of ycui- oöugater. I venture to say that I wouid be verv happy to have a r»py if
the write-up menüons anything abouc hls parenta and grandparents. In my collectlon
of genealo&ical tables of tl>e I^TEUT-/ANK-C.PPENHEIM families, I now have the an-
cestry of your and your hushaads. but nothing yet about Dr.I'Uchaelis and hls
ancestors, v.honi I would llke tc add if posdibic, slnce the ancestors of spouses
are as eliglble as those of blood reiaüves. In fact, on a dlfferent genealogy,
related to your ancet^larsa Cäcilie Neisser Sachs, I have Jenny Berliner Freund (a
flrst oouiiin of C-^cille) Jonny Freund's granddaugbter Käthe Pickardt married a
•'"^ü^^^^^ MICHAEUS, who Uved in EerUn. And a oousin of my mother's
was i.Ji«8ffr/iCHAZLI3, in Euesseldoif, who married Ernst Selbiger, an apothecar/
In Düsseldorf. Of oourse, neither may be related to your family, buti tliought I
mention tlteni just in case.
and remain.
I should b& most delighted to hear from you agaln,
wlth klndöst rsyards ,
(
John Henry Richter
The enclosed copies of my tables are in psrt revisions of earlier ones. I also now
have the complete descendence of the brothers and sisters of Nachmann Hirsch
Neumann, and could send you copies if you would like to have them.
HO 3ACO
/
RF37f-
\
Addltions (?)
GSU ;.;84.003 AS 1727
' \l(o
BERLIN-'
p.61,#l birth of ESTER ELSE LOWENTHAL, on 23 March 1846, named 11 April,
daughter of merchant and Citizen ADOLPH LÖWENTHAL and MINNA
(HESS?) of Cöthen
p. 88R/89L # 236 on 10 Nov 1864 JULIUS WETZLAR, 29, of Berlin, OD SARA
KALLMANN , 2 4 , dau of merchant ABRAHAM EPHRAIM KALLMANN, de-
ceased, in Nakel.
P.90R on 21 Nov 1864, # 246 SIMON KRONER ,32, of Berlin, CD ROSALIE DANN
24, dau of DAVID DANN of Golzow near Cüstrin.
RSA 5418, p. 109L #91: on 13 April 1865 the merchant THEODOR AUGUST SIMON 3 2
of Berlin, GD HEDWIG LOUISE LIEBERMANN, 21, dau of merchant f ' '
BENJAMIN LIEBERMANN and MATHILDE (GRÜNBAUM) .
p. 116R * 141 on 2 June 1865 GUSTAV JAC0BY,31, Berlin, dP BETTY NEUMANN.
19, 3/4 years old, dau of the late merchant NACHMANN HIRSCH NEUMANN
Uo,UJi,[8r7'' ' '■ *
P.127R # 227 on 10 Oct 1865 LOUIS OPPENHEIM, 30, and JENNY-FANNY SCHNEIDER
18 1/2 years, dau of SIMON SCHNEIDER, both in Berlin.
p. 134L # 4 on 4 Jan 1866 HEINEMANN GUMPEL, 27, of Berlin, CD BETTI SABERSKI,
22, of Filehne, dau of the late SAMUEL SABERSKI.
GSU 477,302 BERLIN A 5418
P.139R (Fabrikant)
# 10 of 1866: Merchant and factory owner ALBERT RATHENAU, 21(25 ?) OD
JOHANNA BASAA^TZ, 16, dau of merchant ARON ADOLPH
BASWITZ, and Ms wife (Sophie?) on II Jan 1866
P.177L ft 32 18 Oct 1865
Fabrikbesitzer ERNST MORITZ RATHENAU in Berlin, 28, CD MATHILDE
NACHMANN dau of ISAAK NACHMANN and IDA (STIEBEL) of Frankfurt
am Main. Wedding in Frankfurt. Entered in Berlin records 5 February 1367,
P.186R on 4 May 1867 merchant JOSEPH NEISSER, 37, in Berlin, GD EMMA
FRIEDHEIM, 30, dau of merchant MORITZ FIREDHEIM in Cöthen
(entered in Berlin 9 May 1867.
(Dresden not meationed)
MICHAEL COHN marriage: no record found.
r:
Pres. John h. Kennedy facing Berlin eili/ens, fmm Peiiuix, lo-
kyo, in largcsi inil. compeliiion(l965).
Biblio: Artists in Resiäence: Berliner Philharmoniker: Marcel
Marceau; Berlin: Impression. Lit: *'M. Jacoby," Camera
(vol. 48. no. 3, Lucerne, 1969); Iheater im Exil 1933-1945 {V^tr-
lin, 1973). Sources: Hand, Journ, Prinl. - IfZ.
Jacoby, Sydney B, prof. of law; b. Berlin 7 Dec. 1908. R: Jew-
ish. E: 1934 U.S. 07; 1939 U.S. fmiy. Ger. f; Siegfried J, b. Her-
lin 1873, d. Berlin 1932, Jewish, Gym. educ, banker. M: Aman-
da Rappaport, b. New York i871, d. New York 1947, Jewish,
sec. educ, 1905-35 lived in Ger. 1935 relurned to U.S. S: ♦Gus-
tav J. b. New York 1904, 1905-33 in Ger, Dr.jur, 1933 reiurned
to U.S. CO 1942 Elaine Heavenrich, b. Evanslon, III. 1915, Jew-
ish, social worker. C: Evelyn, b 1946, M.S.W, Psychiatric soc.
workcr; Anne Heath, b. 1950, sec. educ, legal secy.
1927 au. Univ. Grenoble, Fi. 1927-30 an. Univs. Heidelberg
and Berlin; 1933 Dr.jur. Univ. Berlin. 1930-33 Referendar,
Berlin courts. Concurr: 1931-33 teaching assist, Univ. Berlin
fac. of law; 1931-33 legal assist, law firm of Philipsborn and
Goiilieb. 1933 dismissed from all posiiions. Mar. 1934 emigr. to
U.S; recd. aid from mother's reis. 1934-36(?) res. assist. to Ed-
win Borchard, Yale Univ. Seh. of Law, and to Roswell Magill,
Columbia Univ. Seh. of I aw. 1937-39 res. assist. to Edward L.
Thorndike, Columbia Univ. Teachers Coli. Concurr: 1937-38
alt. Columbia Univ. Seh. of Law; 1939 L.L.B. 1940 admitied to
New York Bar; 1958 to Washington, D.C, Bar; 1970 to Ohio
Bar. 1940-57 atty. for U.S. Govt: 1940-45 for Railroad Reiire-
ment Bd; 1945-47 for üept. of Interior; 1945-46 aiiy, Prosecu-
tion Staff, Major War Criminals Trial, Nuremberg; 1947-57
for Dept. of Justice, Alien Properiy Litigation. 1956-68 mem.
fac. of law Cent, Georgetown Univ, Washington, D.C: 1956-57
adj. prof. of law, 1958-68 prof. of law. Concurr: 1957, 1958
U.S. Govt. Counsel in proceedings before Intl. Court of Jus-
tice: 1960 at Univ. Frankfurt ^M Seh. of Law on Fulbright
grant; 1963 consult, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Rotterdam proceed-
ings; 1962-69 mem. comm. on Court of Claims, Fed. Bar Assn.
1968-75 prof. of law, Case Western Reserve Univ. Seh. of Law,
Cleveland, Ohio, 1975-76 John C. Hutchins prof. of law. Con-
curr: 1969-74 mem. comm. on Fed. C ourts, Ohio Bar Assn;
1966, 1968 Speaker, Judicial Conf, Court of Claims. From 1976
prof, Cleveland Marshail Coli, of Law. Spec. in government lil-
igalion. international and comparative law and civil proce-
dure. Mem: Am. Soc Intl. Law; Fed. Bar. Assn; Am. Fgn. Law
As:>n; Temple Emanuel, Silver Spring, Md. (v. pres. 1952-53).
A: ( 1979) Shaker Heighis, Ohio.
Biblio: Cc auih, Government Litigation, Cases and Notes
(Fairfax, Va, 1963); co-aulh, Litigation with the federal Govern-
ment (Joint Committee on Conlinuing Legal Education of the
Am. Law Inst, and .Am. Bar Assn, Philadelphia, 1970); Ohio
Civil Praitice under the Rules. 2 vols. (Baidwin's Ohio Praclice
Series; Cleveland, 1970); contrib, "Court of Claims: Naiure
and Jurisdiction;" ''Court of Claims: Procedure," in West's
Federal Practice Manual (vol. 2, St. Paul, Minn; 2nd ed, 1970);
contrib. more than 25 arts. to prof. journs; for biblio. see
R.F.J.L archü Lit: One issue of Case Western Reserve Law Re-
view devoted to S.J, incl. biblio. (vol. 27, 1976/77). Arch:
S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, News, Qu. - R.F.J.L
Jadassohn, Josef, prof. of dermatology; b. Liegnitz, l ower
Silesia, Ger. (Legnica, Pol.) 10 Sept. 1863, d. Zürich 24 Mar.
1936. R: Protestant. E: 1933 Switz. Cit: Ger. E: Meyer J, mer-
chant. M: Fliese Kohn. oo 1896 Margarethe Kern. C.* Werner,
b. Bern 1897, d. Zürich 1973, o. Prof. of dcrmat, Univ. Geueva;
1 daughter.
1881-86 studied med. at Univs. Göttingen, Heidelberg, Leip-
zig and Breslau, Silesia (Wrociaw, Pol.); 1887 Dr. med. Assist,
at dermat. clin, Breslau. 1 892- active in dermal, ward, Allerhei-
ligen Hosp. 1896- mem. fac, Univ Bern: 1896 a.o. Prof. of der-
mal, and dir, univ. dermat. clin, 1903 o. Prof. Serv. in W.W.I as
head of milii. hosp. 1917 o. Prof, Univ. Breslau; 1931 rctired.
1933 emigr. to Switz. because o[ racial discrimination. Due tu
J.'s influcnce ihe Bern aiul Breslau clinics bccame ceniers toi
dermatology in Europe. 1. and his stiideiu l ewandowsky dis-
covered the Jadassohn-Lewandowsky-Syndrome in 1906 and
together with Bloch iniroduced "Läppchenprobe" ("lobe tesi")
as diagnosiic aid in toxicodermata and occupational skin dis-
eases; also speciali^l in pathological diagnostics and iherapy >.)(
veneral di.-^eases. wliich signific.mtly inlluenced 1927 law to
conlrol ihese diseases. Mem: Dermal. Socs. of Vienna, Berlin,
It, U.S, Sp, Neth. and olhcr^ (hon. mein.); New York Acad. of
Med, A.M.A.
Biblio: Handbuch der Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten
(1927-1937); Krankheiten der Haut und die venerischen Krank-
heiten (1901); Allgemeine Ätiologie. Pathologie, Diagnose und
Therapie der Gonorrhoe (1910); num. oiher publs. in prof.
journs. and handbook.s; furiher biblio. in N. DB: G 1 . S<uirces:
Hand, News. — IfZ.
Jaeger, Werner Wilhelm, classical philologist and philos-
opher; b. Lobberich, Rhincland, Ger. 30July 1888, d. Boston
19 Od. 1961. E: 1936 U.S. F: Carl, d. 1909, Lulheran. factory
owner. M: Helene Birschel, Lutheran. oo ]. 1914 Theodora
Dammholz, dec; H. 1931 Ruth Heinitz. C: With firsl wife, Er-
hard; Otto; Heidi Groendal, Reykjavik, Iceland; with second
wife, Therese Byck.
1907 att. Univ. Marburg. 1907-11 alt. Univ. Berlin; 1911
Dr. phil. in classics, summa cum laude. 191 1-13 res. in It, esp.
Rome, on mss. of Gregory of Nyssa. 1912-14 Privaldoz. in Ber-
lin. 1914-15 at age 26, app. to Friedrich Nieizsche's fmr. chair
as prof. of classical philol, Univ Basel. 1915-21 prof. of classi-
cal philol, Univ. Kiel. 1921-36 succeeded his teacher Wilamo-
witz as prof. of classical philol, Univ. Berlin. Concurr; 1924-
mem. Berlin Akad. der Wibs. 1925-33 co-ed, Gnomon: 1925-36
ed, Die Antike, as second Vorsitzender of Ges. für antike Kul-
tur; 1926-36 ed. Neue philosophische Untersuchungen: fdr.
Fachtagungen (biennial meetings of ancient hislory e.xperis).
1934 Saiher prof. of classical lii, Univ. California, Berkeley; ac-
tive in educ. reform movis. 1936 Gilford Lecl, Univ. St. An-
drews, Scoi. 1936 emigr. to US. 1936-39 Edward Olson prof.
of Gr, and prof. of ancient philob, Univ. Chicago. 1939 univ.
prof, Harvard Univ; laught regularly until i960; heaJ of Har-
vard Inst, for Classical Studies which Harvard Univ. had est.
for him. W.J.'s disseitaiion "Studien zur Entstehungsge-
schichte der Metaphysik des Aristoteles" wriiien at age 22 es-
tablished his reputation as a classical scholar. It combined pre-
cise philological criticiMn of the difficuii text with a beaiching
analysis of the growlh of the work and its literary form in the
conlext of Arislolle's concrele style of ihinking and teaching. It
also demolished the tradiiional scholastic \ iew of the work as a
syslemaiic ireatise. His lucid style of writing, continued in his
enlarged study Aristoteles (Berlin, 1923), made his method of
combining philological textual criticism uilh intellectUctl hisio-
ry and biography the Standard for a renewal of classical siudies
in Germany His mosl inHueniial work, PaiJeia. begun in Ger-
iTiany and completed following his emigration to the U.S. cen-
tered on the idea of education ("culiural transmission") as the
core of Greek culture and postulaied a "hisionc" Greek human-
ism, a view of Greek culiure as the ultimate expression of hu-
man potentiality and universal significancc for Western ci\ ili-
zation and beyond. In bis last years, Jaeger turned his attention
to links beiween Greek and Christian iradiiions ("f*aideia
Christi," 1958, Early Chrisiianiiy and Greek Paideia. Cam-
bridge, Mass, 1961). Following hib emigration, W.J. was
enabied by his positioi: al Harvard Univer^ity to coniiiiue lo de-
velop hih inlldential writing and teaching without a major
break. Fei. oi' num. sei and philos. socb and acads. in U K,
U.S, Swed, Ger, It. and Gr Mem: Am. Philos. Soc. (clccied
1944). Recd:C mdrs. Crobs. ol Order of the Holy Savior. Order
of King (jeor|;e, Gr. govt; Oider of Merii, Fed. Repul». Ger.
(195.*)); Caihdlic Latin Seh. in lobberich lenamed Wcriicr Jae-
ger Progymnasium in his hon. (1959); nine hon. docioraies,
incl. 1926 Univ. Manchester, U.K; 1931 Cambridge Univ,
U K; 1936 Harvard Univ; 1948 Univ. Athens; 1952 Univ. Sa-
lonica, Ger: 1958 Univ. Hibingen, Ger; 1961 Swarthmore
Coli, Penn.
^^^
nach
Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachlaen Emigration
1933. Muenchen 1980, vol. I
326 Jacoby
m
#
T .
'I'
M'-M
kd igv; P ^^"lf<",/"''''-'^"H" «g^'l' I.SW S.rc-Ino/ Posen).
im,,,,,., USA l'h. ,).. ,)„, für Cier„,.„„s„J, H, .,,X
U, .V 6M deutsch: -al.; USA. He,. 19.^5 P.l.. IV.I7 USA
1912 St.;.tsexa,nen. 191.1 Dr |„r. i,e,li„. |9|4- |s Kne.s.eiln
(Oflz.-Anwarter, UKV FK Mi iu-)i ia , ,'"-fr^"-""-
Asse«nr lo^i is D a , l>r. rer. pol. Wiirzbu,«.
n , u °°'''f^''""' Teil,, einer bedeutenden RA-Firma für
U, heber. u. rheaterreclu. tiitig u.a. für S. Fi.scher Verlag UFA
Schnl stel er u. Bühnenkünstler. Gleichz. .Syndikus de^ S F^:
scher Verlages. Gr. u. Syndikus der GFMA (Genosse, scha,
TuJ'TT"' T"'^"'^^"" '^"'"'"hrungsrcch.e). 92 1 35
D^nsd,erScln,t,s,ellcncrha,ul. m^ ,ni, Sohn H,nigr. Pal^ na
über Frankr. m,t A r-Zer.ilika,. Rechts- u. Wirtschaltsb t r
i .a. für Vers,cl,erungsges. Migdal; 19.^7 in die USA mit Touri-
,vX' moTn'." '^'u'''"'''™"«'"'^""' "''"^ Aufenthalt in Ka-
nada 19.19-60 taligbenr, WJC, 1941-60 als Forschungsmitarb
u^Mthg. der Publikationen des Ins,. „, Je.: Affain des WC
DP iL 'm 'T^' '" '^«^"'^^"'^"d (BRD,, Besuch von
D.P.-Lagern M.tarb. an Grdg. des Zaurahals de, Jude» in
DeulschUmd und an der Vorbereitung für die Nürnberger Pro-
zesse. 1949 60 Vertr. des WJC bei UNESCO. Mitgl. An el
Cnnj^ress. Inienuii. l.awyen Assn.
W; Hitler-sTen-Year War AgainsttheJews(Mitverf.). 194V
Ihe Racial State. The Gernian Nationalities Policy in the Pro-
.ecu,rate of Bohemia-Moravia. 1944: The Storv of the lewish
p.p. M,tverl.) 1947 (2. Aufl. u. dt. übers. ig.S.I,- Dicionar'
Arch. EGL Hand. Pers. -RFJI. -".l^"
Jacoby, Guslav Dr. jur.. Rechtsanwalt: geb. 10. Mär/ 1904
Berlin), jud.. Bankier, um 1900 zeitw. in GB u. USA- M
An,e.,da.geb. Rappaporttgeb. 1871 New York, ge.st. 1947 New
^ork). lud.. m5-i5 ,n Deutschland, anschl. U.SA; C Dr jur
(geb. 1908 Berhn,. jud., 1924 ,nit Eltern nach J. später USA
RA Fuchuberselzerin; K: .Sylvia ,1. Cohn (geb. 19.17,: Stephci
Sel/he/p.SlA: LISA u. deutsch. H'eg 1911 USA
Äh"m->7^*l'^!^^'o '^'! ^"""""' ""' ''"" ^'^^ "«^-h Deutschland.
Ab 1922 Stud Rechtswiss. Freibuig. Berlin u. Leipzig 1927
Prom.: als Stud. Mitarb. in versch. Berliner Banken u l974-?7
Ltr. Fmanzabt. bei Mansfeldscher Metallhandel Berlin- Refe-
rendar As^scssor. bis 19.1.1 RA in Berlin, dann Berufs;erbot.
Juni 19.1.1 Em.gr. USA mit Besuchervisum. 19.14 Anerkennung
der ehem. USA-StA.: 19.1_1-.1.S Stud. Rechtswiss. Univ. New
^ork u. Columbia Univ., zugl. Sachverständiger für dt. Recht
Verf von Richtlinien für dt. Juristen in EmigrFragen: März'
1936 Zulassung als RA in New York, anschl. Anwaltspraxis in
New York. Im 2. WK Mitgl. Citizens" Defense Corps 1946-58
I ras_ u VorstVors. Einwanderergde. Congr. Habonim New
York VorstMitgl. LBI. Jew. Plulamhropie Fund ol I9.U AFI-
C E, Ne^^■ York Foundation for Nursiug llonws Ine.. An,' Barn-
^'^rAss,, ab 1936 Mitgl. N.Y. Counly /..,.vrm-.4.,w, (langj
Ausschußmitgl. Fore,gn /,«„• Con,m.). Lebte 1977 in New
York.
W: Die interparlamentarische Regierung nach deutschem
Re,ch,sstaatsrecht(Diss.). 1927; Habonim - „And All The Past
u , .ni, ,' '^'""*^ ' ''«'"'y- f'^'^t'^chrift für Rabbi Hugo
919 du rV , .■ ^""'""'''''y Yearbook, Congr. Habonim
Euture. O. J. D: RFJL Qu: Fb. Pers. - RFJI.
Jacoby Henry (Heinz). Schriftsteller. UN-Beamter; geh
3. Aug. 1905 Berlin; K Sigmund J.. Kaufm.; « |91(» F,ied-,'
nach 1933 illeg. fatigkeit, März 19.14 Flucht nach Prag 1917
F 1941 USa'^'^'^' .Vr4.- deutsch, USA. Heg. 1936 CS r'; 1937
Bis 9J) (,y,„n., dann kaufm. Lehre in Berlin. AnschliilJ ,
des Ant.-Kriegsmuseums. bis 192^ Ltr, von Verlag » Bu.
handlung. Anhänger der Individualpsvchologie Alfred Adle.
Verb, zu ^. Otto Rühle. Mitarb. l,„<-rnu„oU ZeOuhn^.
nd,v,d,,.,lr.syel,,,log,e. Ausbildung als Sozialarb. an der Wol,
fahr sschule von Carl Mennicke. 19.10-32 Ltr. des .Sekr ci
Peuisehen lereinigunf; /ür Jugendgerielue und Jugendgerich,
K D N.; ?"T' ' m" ^'"'^'^'^ "' ''' U^SSR Eintritt ,
M D. Nach natsoz. Machtübernahme Anschluß an illeg KPI
Ünr'T^^T ''''', """' -^ ^"" Landau, ab Mitte 1933 fu!
rtnd in illeg. Tätigkeit der Gruppe. Mitarb. Der Funke u B
Iriebszs. Der revolutionäre yerirmiensmann. März l934Verhr
Uing u.a. Columbia-Haus, 2 I /2 J. Zuchth. Waldheim u Bra'ii
denburg; Juli 1936 Emigr. Prag, Apr. 1937 Paris sclTrifts.T
Ifr "d 'k'^ ^- f "■ ** '-'^ ^'"^ P"v-en Waisenhi;
für jud. Kinder aus Berlin. Mitgl. Verband deutscher Lehre,
tnugranten. In Paris Mitarb. Oruppe Funke, Mar^isten-Intemc
lionahsienl um Zs. Der Funke 11 k.i„. 1, , d
r->o^L., c u .• . Kritiuhe Parteistininu
Deckn. .Sebastian Franck. 1939 Inlernicrung. Ende 1941 m,
ri 1 pT f "^'^''^^ermittlung von Ma.x Horkheimer u. Frede
nc^k Pol ock nach New York. Fabrikarb.. Angest, jüd. Org. ai
York? u'r'"""*=u'"'"''- ^' " "'^"""•^- ^"«'y^en in Nev
Fn,?ck R M- f^''"'""■^■ ''^ Andre Martin. Sebastia,
F,anck Berger. Nach 1945 Angest. FAO. zuletzt Ltr. Genfe.
»uro. Mitarb. Amnesty Internationa/. Lebte 1977 in Genf
194!'' r97l''H""'-f ''"?''"• ^"' ^""^ «^^ politischen Mora:
1947. 1971 ders ,Soz,olog,e der F,eiheil. Otto Rühles AuHii-
969- Z p'm T' ''^■'' '^'^ »"rokratisierung der Wel.
969 ()„„ Ru|,|e; Baupläne für eine neue Gesellschaft (H. u
dTf97l '7,1-^ '!'af'' '"' ^"''"'"^'^ d- sozialistische"
Idee. 1973; Allred Adlers Individualpsvchologie und diaiek
..sehe Charakterkunde. 1974; Begegnungen mit meiner Ze,
und nianchen Zeitgenossen (autobiogr. Ms.,. 1977. D: IfZ
nSG. ßi/. Arch. Fb. - IfZ.
■ Jacoby. Konrad Voram. Dr. jur.. Rechtsanwalt. Ministerialbe
amter: geb. 4. Juli 1906 Königsberg: F. Siegfried J. (geb. 187^
Sm'sp fr-.T'- ".f '^""'»^^'^"g)- J"d- RA !. Notar
n. 1 1 \Tu ' ? ""'^" """^"- ^1^^*'" "'^''; ^' Antonie
El nede. geb. Behrendt (geb. 1879 Königsberg. gesL 1968 Jeru-
p!rV"v- ^'""-Malerei. 1940 Emigr. J. übe' Ud.SSR, 194^
^. O. Paul (geh I90.S Königsberg, gest. 1965 Jeru.salem,.
Ilr! . ' m,?^'- '^•'•'-•''^^ Lehrer an, iüd. Schulen in Berlin u.
lern H t.^;^',!''- ''u- '"'^ '-■'"" Leihbibliothek in Jerusa-
lern He,nr,ch (Chanoch, geb. 1909 Königsbe,g,, 1927 Abitur,
Stud. Hochschule für Musik Berlin-Charlottenburg, M„,l
Rad,o-(^rchester Frankfurt/M.. 1933 Emigr. TR, 1934 Pal Gr
Musikakac. ,n Jerusalem, Komponist, ab 19.';9 Mitgl Phil-
harm. Orchester in Tel Aviv; Hans Kurt (geb. 1918 Königs-
Herg,. En,,gr. CH, dort Abitur, 1938-39 kaufm. Tätigkeit in
Londc.,, 939 Pal., im 2, WK Dienst in jüd. Brigade, Buch a
ter ,n Kelar Ata; o. |931 Dr. med. Hanna Pelzigeb. 1909 Kö-
nigsberg, gest. 1972 Jerusalem,, 1933 Prom. Basel 19.14 Emigr
Pal mit Ehemann. 1944 gesch.; K. Rachel Varon (geb 1914
uml'h'-, ■' ",7^- •'"' • ""'• ^"-*--- Beamtin im Ge-
VM H . T'p "^"f ,'^''"' ""'"'''"^ ^''^'''' der Biochemie;
AM.- deutsch; Pal. /IL. H'en 1914 Pal
Ab 1920 Mitgl. niau-Heiß. 1924-27 Stud. Rechtswiss
Gesch., Ph>l. in Freiburg, München, Königsberg, 1928 Pruh, •
Ok't'l9^2'A ••■"']■'' '^'■^^^"'^^'^- "^-^'-32 A^essor, A :
all Uli <'"fi '''f •^^"^''^"' ^''' '"^ "^'l'"- Nov. 1932.
Okt. 19.14 Syndikus Bankhaus Boehm u. Reitzenbaum Berlin
gleich/. M.tarb. Be,l,ner Zioni.uisehe Vereinig,o,g. Ltr. zion Ju-'
gendgmppe, 1932-34 Itd. Position in K.J.V,; 1934 Emigr Palä-
stina mit A I-Zertifikat (Transfer durch Haavarahl. Mitgl II,.
siad,-u,. Kuppa, //„/„„. Haganah. 1935-41 Landwirt in Kefar
^ ed.dyah En,ek Hefer, Hilfspolizist, gleichz. Mitarb. bei der
d . Abt der ,/<.„. Agenev. 1939 Siedlungsberater der H.OG
MitgL des Rates der landwirtschaftl. Genossenschaftssiedlun^
gen lenuai IwMn.shavitn in Emck Hefer; 1942 Verkauf der
Farm. Mitarb. Instruktions-Abt. im Sekr. der Tenua, haMosha-
\^
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3
'-jr-OH-'-'iWii- <^^
8, August 1088
Herrn Haupttehrer
Wil heim Södler
Beim Kalkofen 8
6445 ALHEIM-HEINEBACH
Deutsche Bundesrepublik
Sehr geehrter Herr SOdler:
Ihr so freundUcher und Inhaltsreicher Brief kam vor kurzem hier an. und ich moechte
Ihnen sofort nach dessen Studium Ihnen meinen aUerbesten Dank aussprechen« denn
Ihre Arbeit hat unsere Kenntnisse ueber die Heinebacher Vorfahren in vielen Punkten
sehr erweitert. Es ist schade dass die alten Personenstandsregister nicht «ehr vor-
Uegen. woraus man ueber die Kinder des Aron jiiffii wohl mehr erfahren wuerde, ebenso
ueber seine Iteueder und Schwestern, wenn es diese gab. Nur eine Schwester wird er-
waehnt (Zlppora Spiegel) , die uns neu war. Allerdings haben wir durch die Dokumente
ueber die Brueder Jaffa, die sich in TWnidad, Colorado, ansiedelten (und dort eine kleine
Gerolnde gruendeten(deren Tempel nach ihrem Vater genannt wurde: Congregation Aaron)
Drei der Soehne wurde Buergermeister von kleinen Staedten grade als diese noch im
Pionierstatus standen und im Aufbluehen begriffen waren, an dem fttte Brueder Jaffa einen
ansehnUchen Anteil hatten.
... 'c*» moechte Ihnen eitte Kopie des "Stammbaums der Jaffa
beilegen, woraus Sie etwas ueber die Nachkommen sehen Jcoennen. Ganz besonders
erfreuUch wäre die MitteUungen ueber James Heilbrunn. Wie ersichtUch, war er ein
Schwiegersolm von Minna Jaffa Sommer (aus der Heinebachschen Sommer Familie stammte
IhC Mann) , eben verheiratet mit einer E nkelin des Aron Jaffa . Ich arbeite hier mit einer
Cousine der Frau JuUe Heilbrunn zusammen (sie ist wohl Jetzt auch schon verstorben und
v^ sind ziemlich sicher, dass sich die Aufzeichnungen der Heim Heilbrunns im Leo-Baeck
Institut sind, des grossen Forschungsinstituts in New York fuer die Geschichte der deutscl
sprachigen Juden und deren ehemaligen Gemeinden, eds.
._^ ^ , BAUMBACH: Da werde ich mal sehen, ob sich Register ueber die
dortigen Gemeinde (faUs es eine gab) finden lassen, eben wie in Rhina, das eine solche
Gemeinde hatte. Vor einigen Jähren wurde ein Film gezeigt, mit Unterhaltungen von
Besuchern mit Einwohnern, die die Judenverfolgungszeit ueberlebten und sich kaum an
diese erinnern konnten - so hiess es. Von den einst in Rhina ansaessich gewesenen Juden
hatten keine jene Zeit ueberlebt. Den Nachbarn war es nicht moegUch, sich an sie zu
eriimem. . . Ttaurig abar wahr. An solche Tragoedie erinnert sich niemand gern, aber sie
voelllg zu vemeiMn scheint uns kaum glaublich.
^onora Goldschmidt Jaffa mag sehr wohl auch von der Heinebach-
schen Familie gleichen Namens abstammen. — Drei der Brueder Jaffe wurden recht wohl-
habend und alle hatten Nachkommen die , interessanterweise, oft die Naeien der ver-
ehrten Vorfahren migen (Benjamin, AronWVrthur,etc., Ella) Es ist auch anzunehmen, dass
Sara (Tochter des) Naphtall ihren Vater kurz vor Geburt ihres Enkels Heinrich (Hewy)
verlor, sodass die Lebensdaten fuer "NaphtaU" wohl ca. 1748-1840 sein duerften.
Ob Heinrich Goldschmidt (Henry Goldsmith), der in Pennsylvania lebte und 18 Kinder hatte,
auch von derselben Familie G. stammt, laesst sich noDch nicht bestaetigen.
Also nochmals herzlichsten Dank fuer Ihre Mitteilungen.
Hfeit^eMOf
GEMEINDE ALHEIM
DER GEMEINDEVORSTAND
Hauptverwaltung: 6445 Alheim 2. Alhcimcrstr. 2, Tel.: 06623/3001-3004
Verwaltungsstelle: 6445 Alheim 1. Am Minnstück 2, Tel.: 05664/8545
Herrn
John Henry Richter
P.O. Box 7978
Ann Arbor, Michigan 481o7
U.S.A.
Ihre Zeichen:
Schreiben vom
Betr. : Nachforschungen nach der Familie Jaffa
Amt/ Abteilung:
I
Auskunft erteilt:
Herr Ritter
Zimmer:
122
6443 Alheim 2 - OT Baumbach.
Krds Hersfeld-Rotenburg
den o5 . o7 . 1988
Unser Zeichen
Sehr geehrter Herr Richter,
Ihre Anfrage vom lo.6.1988 ist am 28.6.1988 hier eingegangen.
Entsprechende Unterlagen aus den von Ihnen angesprochenen Zeiträumen befinden
sich nicht mehr im Besitz der Gemeinde, sondern sind evtl. im Staatsarchiv
in Marburg vorhanden. Da es für Sie jedoch schwierig sein dürfte, von
dort entsprechende Auskünfte zu erhalten, habe ich
Herrn
Hauptlehrer i.R.
Wilhelm Södler
Beim Kalkofen 8
6445 Alheim-Heinebach
gebeten in dieser Angelegenheit behilflich zu sein, weil Herr Södler sich
einerseits mit Heimatforschung befaßt und andererseits der Gemeinde auch
schon früher behilflich war.
Den von Ihnen beigefügten Scheck habe ich treuhänderisch an Herrn Södler
weitergeleitet, damit er seine entsprechenden Unkosten bestreiten kann.
Zu Ihrer Information sei jedoch heute schon mitgeteilt, daß der Name Jaffa
mir aus alten Chroniken von Heinebach in Erinnerung ist. So wird es sicher-
lich auch möglich sein, zumindest einen Teil der von Ihnen erbetenen Aus-
künfte zu erteilen.
Sobald in der Sache ein Fortschritt zu verzeichnen ist, werden Sie entweder
von Herrn Södler oder von mir entsprechende Nachricht erhalten.
Mit freundii
Bankverbindungen der Gcmeindekasse:
Raiffeisenbank Alheim (BLZ 33261039) 37052 - Sparkasse Hersfeld-Rotenburg (BLZ 53250000) 900
Grüßen
(Ritter)
Bürgermeister
*f*
ABOUT THE JEWISH CONGREGATION OF HEINEBACH
Information supplied by Mr. Wilhelm Rödler of Alheim-Heinebach, g reüred
school teacher, who is obvlounly very familiär with the history of the former
Jewish Community and with several of its families.
(ifour enquiry about data relating to members of the JAFFA family cannot
be answered as complstely as Is desirable since not even the State Archives
of Hessen has the old registers of births,etc. There are registers of death onlv
for the period 1828-1851.)
However, the existing records of Heinebach show three entrles relating to the
JAFFA family, which are quoted here in füll:
REGISTER OF DEATHS: 25 Sept.1849, buried on 29 Septemberr SARCHEN
JAFFA, resident of Heinebach, age 84 years, the widow of the late
BENJAMIN JAFFA, v\ho lived in her son's home. He is ARON JAFFA,
tea eher in Heinebach, Signed: JAFFA, Vorsinger (Cantor).
REGISTER OF DEATH: 30 April 1850, buried on 2 May:~ ZIGORA nee JAFFA,
age 57, wife of the late teacher JOSEPH SPIEGEL of Frankershausen
was staylng here for fourteen days with her brother ARON JAFFA,
teacher in Heinebach. signed JAFFA, Vorsinger,
(note: The sister's name was probably Zippca-a)
MARRIAGES: 16 November 1836: ARON JAFFA, Vorsinger (Cantor) and teacher of
religion in Heinebach, bom 7 August 1800, married ELLE HAHN of
RHINA, age 261 ARON JAFFA is the son of the late Cantor BENJAMIN
JAFFA and of his wife SAARA nee NAPHTAU of Baumbach, and ELLA
is the daughter of the merchant MEIER HAHN and of his wife JATTEL
nee HIRSCH, in Rhina. signed JAFFA, Vorsinger, Elle Hahn.*
It was not posslble to find Information about their children - in the absence of blrth
records. There is also no record of the death of Benjamin Jaffa. (If there are
any Heinebach Jewish records anywhere, they are NOT in Marburg, location of the
State archives.)
-2-
The late Pastor Giebel had undertaken major studies about the Jews of
Heinebach, and was In close contact wlth Mr. Juda Hellbrunn (James Heilbrunn)
In New York - who collected everythlng available about the Heinebach Jewish
Community. He has long since died, but It is possible that his papers and notes
may have been donated to the Jewish Community in New York City. * Mr. Heilbrunn
was a merchant and was the last President of the Heinebach Community. Two
Torah scrolls, which were dlscovered after the last war in a house which was being
demoUshed, were sent to hlm," and he gave them to (the Jewish communlty in NYC)*'
(* It is my assumptlon that he may have glven his papers to the Leo-Baeck -Institute
in New York, where I shall enquire about them)
Giebel*'
I am glad to be able to submit to you Information frjom notes left by Pastor
ARON JAFFA had also a son named ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA. He was not only
a teacher (in the Jewish school) but also a certiüed teacher for all subjects from
1866 to 1872 (see below):
By 1800 the size of the Jewish communlty required a cantor, and it hlred
BENJAMm JAFFA of Braunbach. During the perlod 1806-13 , while Heinebach was
in the State known as the Kingdom of Westfalla, wlth Napoleon's brother Jerome at
its head (the capital was Kassel, not far from Heinebach and Braunbach) , the
Jews in the kingdom were asked to select permanent family names. Some families
had already at an earlier time changed the tradltional form of their names (forename
of the son followed by the first name of his father) and had adopted a permanent
name, as did the JAFFA, KAISER and KATZ families. in Heinebach.
In 1816 was published an ordinance by the govemment of Electoral Hesse, acc©rd-
ing to which Jews were granted the same rights and duties as were enjoyed by all
Christian subjects.
In 1825 there lived six Jewish families in Heinebach, and seven by 1844,
eleven families (totalling 61 members) in 1854, and by 1855 there were 67 members.
By 1907, the count was 55 families, some having moved away.
Those who died in Heinebach were buried in the Jewish cemetery at Binsförth.
Cantor BENJAMIN JAFFA was succeded by his son ARON, who also taught at the Jewish
school untll 1866. He was not a certified teacher and taught only "religion" and
Hebrew. The children received their secular educatlon at the local grammar school,
a Christian public school. On one occasion, there Is a mention of one DAVID
OPPENHEIM as the teacher of religion.
-3-
The Jewlsh school was not under State supervlsion but under supervlslon by
the country s rabblnate. In 1836, Aron Jaffa was conflrmed as "provlsional
teacher of reUgion" for another flve years, after repräsentatives of the Jews in
me provlnce of Lower Hessen (presidents of the provlncial Organization of the Jews)
-^,^l^!f?^*^^^eache^^^^^ school. Their names wereMANSBACH* GOLDSCHMIDT
ALSBERG, ROTHSCHILD, and the dlstrlct rabbi ROMANNf
^ere is a note that in 1842, ARON JAFFA was advised to perfect hls German, which
the distnct rabbi (Wetzlar, of Gudensberg) found inadequate.
He eamed 50 Thaler In 1842 for his reading of the Scroll of Esther, 2 Thaler for
hls Services as secretary to the congregation, about 15 silver "Groschen" per year
for maklng entrles in the books of the synagogue, and about 9 Thaler at the üme
of Rosh Hashannah and "New Moon" (apparently a monthly payment). He also re-
ceived from every member of the congregation fruits from their orchards and land."
but also tiirough exchanges of agricultural products, worth perhaps 20 Thaler annually.
In those days, one of the Eiders of the Community was a Juda Hellbrunn (probably a
direct ancestor of James in New York),
ARCN ^FFA taught seven childrenr three boys and four girls, and school was held
in his home. Altogether, he seems to have eamed 106 1/2 Thaler annually, a con-
siderably high amount sacrlficed by the Jewish Community wMch by 1853 had onlv
eleven famllies wlth 61 members.
In 1846, the leading rabbi of Hessen Landrabbiner Adler*came from Kassel to examlne
the State of education in Heinebach. At that time, he noticed that Aron Jaffa »
seems to exist but barely, close to starvation.. . He was then teaching 15 children.
(*r Nathan Marcus Adler, 1803-90,
the Chief rabbi of Hessen-Kassel was to become the Chief Rabbi of England
in 1845, thus "1846" seems a date too late for hls examination in Heinebach)
After Kurhessen (Electoral Hesse) became Prussian (1867/68) , the Jewish Community
petitioned the kingdom of Prussia to grant her a recognlzed one-class school in
Heinebach, and the Prussian govemment consented. It was stated that the teacher
shall be ARON JAFFA'S son NATHAN, because the father wished to retlre and merely
requested a pension from the Community to the amount of 20 Thaler. By this time
26 Children attended school. The names of those who signed the Petition are- '
ARON J!\FFA; SAMUEL KAISER,^ ITZIG SOMMER, M* KATZENSTEIN,* ßt KATZENSTEIN
JOSEPH SOMMER,' SUSSMANN SOMMER, LEIB HEILBRUNN, WOLF KATZENSTEIN and
the Eider of the congregation, Sf KATZENSTEIN* '
NATHAN JAFFA attended a teachers' semlnary and passed the State examination.
He then had to pass an examination prepared for all applicants for positions in Jewish
schools in the province of Lower Hessen. The examiners were Rabbi Dr. HERMANN
ADLER (1839-1911)0 the son of the former Chief Rabbi), Dr. Deviseur_and Dr. Römer
His Teacher's Certificate, dated 19 Februar/ 1866, reads as follows:
The Commission certifies that ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA of Heinebach has
passed the examination which we held from 29 January to 1 February 1866, and that
he is qualifled to teach in the Jewish School (Number HI, 2 to IH, l)t Signed in
Cassel 19 February 1866.
-4-
When ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA took up his duties, his income came to 120 2/3
Thaler annually, and, for a tlme; Just 120 Thaler, with the heating of the school
being fumished by the congregatlon (It pald for it and also provlded the Site for
the school), Jaffa's seat In the synagogue was appraised at 15 Groschen, that
of his wife's at half that much The Contract was signed in Melsungen by
ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA, S? KATZEN STEIN (Eider of the Heinebach congreaaüon)
and by KAUFMANN, the chairman of the district Organization of the Jews,
ANJtaught unül 1872, What happened to him later on is not known to me, Per-
haps being a well-trained teacher, he applied for a position elsewheref
From 1872 to 1912 (!) the teacher in Heinebach was ABRAHAM SPEIER, By 1888,
the number of children had droppped to 12, and by 1912 there were but 4-5, which
led to the closing of the school and the reürement of the teacher. The children would
thereafter attend the public school of Heinebach. Speier's children emigrated
to Palestine after the flrst World War, and his son EMIL SPEIER was a banker livlng
in London in 19 5 2 .
BENJAMIN JAFFA, son of ARON, does not occur in the few existing records of
Heinebacht (He was obviously named for his father's father),
Interesting is that one ARON BENJAMIN SOMMER , and a JOSEPH SOMMER lived
after the war in the United States, and it is possible that the names of ARON BENJAMIN
indicate a relationshlp between the JAFFA and the SOMMER families. Another
Sommer; ARON PSEPH SOMMER, moved to America with his mother.' Then there was
a FRITZ SOMMER, son of ABRAHAM SOMMER U and his mother LINA, who lived in
Beifort; France, after the war (apparently after World War II). SIGMUND and HILDE
SOMMER,'' children of JULIUS SOMMER ';• Uved in Brazil. All of them were originally
Hving in Heinebach,
JÜDA (JAMES) HEILBRUNN, with his wife JULCHEN nee SOMMER and their
daughter HERTA lived in New York City.
Herrn Wilhelm SOdler
Haupaehrerl.R;
Beim Kalkofen 8
6445 Alheim-Heinebach
Sehr geehrter Herr Rödler:
5, August 1988
Ihr freundlicher und so sehr reichhaltiger Brief kam
heute an und soll sofort mit groesstem Dank bestaettgt werden. Sogar ohne
die amtiichen Register, die also scheinbar nicht mehr existieren, war es ^hnen
moegUch, mir eine recht gute Idee des Gemeindelebens in Heinebach zu geben -
eben zu der Zeit wo die Familie Jaffa dort akttv« an den Ereignissen in der
Gemeinde beteiligt waren.
Jener Aron Jaffa war der Gb'ossvater einer Familie
zu der ueber hundert Jahre spaeter mein in Amerika geborener Vetter gebeert,
fuer den ich mich erbot, ueber die frueheren Jaffas etwas mehr Information zu
finden. Drei der Soehne von Aron kamen nach Amerika, und setzten sich
in dem kleinen Staedtchen Trinidad im Staate Colorado an, und zwei der Soehne
sind spaeter fuehrende Geschaeftsleute im Staat geworden. Nun haben wir also
eine weitere Generation, Benjamin Jaffa aus Baumbach. Das erfreut uns alle.
Soweit es sich um James Heilbrunn handelt, so werde
ich recht bald bei unserem Hauptforschungsinstitut (fuer die Geschichte der
Juden In deutschsprchigen Laendem) anfragen, ob jene Aufzeichnungen ueber
die Juden in Heinebach dort vorUegen. Es ist schm anzunehmen. Eine jue-
dische Gemeinde wie wir sie in Deutschland kannten, und der alle in einer
Stadt wohnenden Juden angehoerten, gibt es hier nicht. New York hat alle
Sorten von kleinen, von einander unabhaengigen Gemeinden, keine Stadt-weite
oder Staatsorganisationen. Fuer Aufzeichnungen der Art die Herr Heührunn
machte, oder Dokumente zur Geschichte Heinebachs wird man wohl das zu-
treffendste Institut gewaehlt haben: Leo-Baeck-Institut^ dem ich schon seid
Jahren als Mitglied angehoere.
Ich bin Ihnen also fuer Ihre freundlichen Bemuehungen hoechst dank-
bar. Da die heute lebenden Nachfahren nur englisch sprechen und deutsch nicht
lesen koennen, so werde ich eine Uebersetzung Ihrer Mitteilungen machen und
koplen diesen Nachkommen zukommen lassen.
Eine Kopie des Bildes der ehemaligen Synagoge wuerde ich ebenfalls
gern haben, sollte es Ihnen moeglich sein, eine solche machen zu lassen.
Aber ich bestehe darauf, Ihnen jede Unkosten zu vergueten. Sollte ich von
unserem Institut (das in New York ist) positive Nachrichten erhalten, so werde
ich Sie gerne darueber informieren,
Fuer heute verbleibe ich,
Ergebenst
John Henry Richter
Vilhelm Södler
Hauptlehrer i. R.
Beim Kalkofen 8
6445 Alheim-Heinebach
6445 Alhelm-Heinebach, den 01.08.1988
Herrn
John Henry Richter
P.O. Box 7978
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
USA
ßetrr ;
Nachforschungen nach der Familie Jaffa
Ihre Anfrage vom 10. Juni 1988
Schreiben von Herrn Bürgermeister Ritter
vom 05.07. 1988 an Sie
I
Sehr geehrter Herr Richter,
ich freue mich, daß ich Ihnen wenigstens einige Ergänzungen zu Ihren
Rachforschungen übersenden kann. Nicht alle haben so viel Glück wie Sie.
So sehr viel ist es andererseits auch wieder nicht, was ich Ihnen
konkret an Zahlen und Daten übermitteln kann, da auch im Hessischen
Staatsarchiv keine Geburtsregister vorliegen und Sterberegister nur die
Zeit von 1828-1851 umfassen. Es konnten jedoch dort zu dem Namen "Jaffa"
drei Einträge in Protokollen von Heinebach ermittelt werden, die ich
Ihnen hiermit wörtlich wiedergebe:
Sterberegister "1849 September 25, beerdigt September 27, Sarchen Jaffa
dahier, 84 Jahre alt, eine Ehefrau des verstorbenen Benjamin Jaffa.
Wohnte bei ihrem Sohne, Aron Jaffa Lehrer zu Heinebach", unterschrieben
"Jaffa, Vorsinger"
Sterberegister "1850 April 30, beerdigt Mai 2, Zigora geb. Jaffa
57 Jahre alt, Ehefrau des verstorbenen Lehrers Joseph Spiegel aus
Frankershausen; war 14 Tage hier bei ihrem Bruder Aron Jaffa, Lehrer zu
Heinebach", unterschrieben von "Jaffa, Vorsinger".
Eheschließungen "1836 Nov. 16 Aron Jaffa, Vorsänger und Religionslehrer
zu Heinebach, geboren am 7-ten August 1800, verehelicht mit Elle Hahn
aus Rhina 26 Jahre alt, Sohn des verstorbenen Vorsängers Benjamin Jaffa
und dessen Ehefrau Saara geb. Naphtali zu Baumbach, Tochter des
Handelsmann Meier Hahn und dessen Ehefrau Jättel geb. Hirsch zu Rhina",
unterschrieben von "Jaffa, Vorsinger". [(Elle (!) nicht Ella) Hahn]
Kinder sind leider nicht im Staatsarchiv zu ermitteln, da keine
Geburtsregister vorhanden sind; ebenso ist auch der Todestag von
Benjamin Jaffa nicht festzuellen. Soweit die Nachforschungen und
Auskünfte des Hessischen Staatsarchives in Marburg.
f f f
I
Der verstorbene Pfarrer Giebel hat sich bereits sehr Intensiv mit
lachforschungen zu Personen der jüdischen Geinelnde in Heinebach befaßt,
fcr stand in einem sehr engem Kontakt zu Herrn Juda Heilbrunn (= James
?!ii^r'' >, ? r ^°J^' "^^^ ^^^^^' "*^ "" erfahren war, sammelte. Er ist
jedoch auch inzwischen verstorben, doch wäre es möglich, daß er seine
Aufzeichnungen der jüdischen Gemeinde in New York hinterlassen hat.
(Siehe beillegende Information "Heinebach - Jüdische Gemeinde -
Nachforschungen"). Vielleicht läßt sich von dort noch etwas mehr
erfahren. Herr Heilbrunn war Kaufmann und der letzte Vorsteher der
Judischen Gemeinde in Heinebach. 2 Thorarollen, die nach dem Krieg beim
Abbruch eines Hauses gefunden wurden, gingen an Ihn. Er hat sie der
judischen Gemeinde in New York übergeben. Die Möglichkeit ist also nicht
auszuschließen, daß dort auch seine Aufzeichnungen aufbewahrt werden.
ff « »
Persönlich kann ich Ihnen, im Zusamnienhang mit Aufzeichnungen aus dem
»achlaß des verstorbenen Pfarrers Giebel, zu Ihrer Anfrage noch einiae
Ergänzungen liefern: ° -=iuj.jje
Aron Jaffa hatte noch einen weiteren Sohn, Abraham Nathan Jaffa. Er war
nicht nur Religionslehrer, sondern ordentlich bestallter Lehrer für alle
Fächer von 1866 bis 1872. Doch später mehr darüber.
Bereits 1800 war die israelische Gemeinde in Heinebach so angewachsen,
daß sie einen eigenen Vorsänger in der Person des Benjamin Jaffa aus
Jöaumbacn hatte,
1806-1813 brachte das westfälische Zwischenreich unter einem Bruder
Napoleons auch den Heinebacher Juden neue Familiennamen. Einige jedoch
hatten sich schon vorher nicht mit dem Vornamen des Vaters begnügt und
sich bereits bürgerliche Namen beigelegt, wie Jaffa, Kaiser und Katz.
m!^ Pf^r?!^'' eine kurhessische Verordnung, wo Juden die gleichen Rechte
und Pflichten wie den christlichen Untertanen zugesprochen wurde.
1825 waren waren in Heinebach sechs Jüdische Familien ansässijr.
1844 gab es 7 Familien, °
1853 waren es 11 Familien mit 61 und
1855 mit 67 Seelen.
1907 war die Zahl der Gemeindeglieder auf 56 zurückgegangen,
well einige Familien weggezogen waren.
Die Toten wurden auf dem israelischen Friedhof in Binsförth beigesetzt.
Vie bereits angeführt, war 1800 Benjamin Jaffa aus Baumbach
Synagogenvorsänger der israelitischen Gemeinde in Heinebach. Ihm folgte
sein Sohn Aron Jaffa, der hier bis 1866 den isrealitischen Kindern
Religionsunterricht erteilte. Er war kein geprüfter und ordentlich
ernannter Lehrer. Außer in Religionslehre und Hebräisch konnte er die
Kinder nicht unterrichten. Sie besuchten somit weiterhin die christliche
Volksschule. (Einmal wird auch ein David Oppenheim als Religionslehrer
erwannt . ) °
I
%•*)
1836 wurde Aron Jaffa provisorisch auf weitere fünf Jahre als Jüdischer
Religionslehrer bestellt. Seinen Unterricht hatten die Vorsteher der
Isrealiten in der Provinz Niederhessen geprüft: Mansbach, Goldschmidt,
Aisberg, Rothschild und der Landesrabbiner Romann.
1842 wurde Aron Jaffa angehalten, sich eines besseren Deutsch zu
bedienen. Gerügt hatte ihn hier der Kreisrabbiner Wetzlar aus
Gudensberg,
1842 betrug sein Gehalt 50 Taler für das Vorlesen aus dem Buch Ester,
2 Taler für die Gemeindeschreiberei, etwa 15 Silbergroschen jährlich für
Eintragungen in die Synagogenbücher, etwa 9 Taler an freiwilligen
Geschenken zu Neujahr und Neumond. Außerdem empfing er von jedem
Mitglied der Gemeinde, das Früchte aus der eigenen Landwirtschaft oder
durch Tausch bezog, die 10. Metze, das waren im Jahr etwa 20 Taler.
Gemeindeältester war damals auch ein Juda Heilbrunn, nicht zu
verwechseln mit dem bereits genannten Juda (James) Heilbrunn
in New York.
Aron Jaffa unterrichtete 7 Kinder, drei Knaben und 4 Mädchen in seiner
Wohnung. Er bezog also Immerhin 106^ Taler. Diese bedeutenden Opfer
brachte die isrealitische Gemeinde, die z.B. 1853 aus nur 11 Familien
mit 61 Personen bestand, für ihren Religionslehrer und Vorsänger auf.
1846 wurden Religionsunterricht und Hebräisch durch den Landesrabbiner
Dr. Adler aus Kassel geprüft. Dabei stellte er fest: "A. Jaffa hungert
sich so durch". Er unterwies 15 Kinder.
Als Kurhessen preußisch geworden war, beantragte die isrealitische
Gemeinde eine eigene einklassige Schule in Heinebach. Dieses Gesuch
wurde von der preußischen Regierung genehmigt.
Lehrer sollte Aron Jaffas Sohn Nathan werden. Der Vater Aron wollte sich
zurückziehen und beanspruchte lediglich 20 Taler von der Gemeinde als
Pension. Die Kinderzahl stieg auf 26. Den Antrag hatten unterschrieben:
Aron Jaffa, Samuel Kaiser, Itzig Sommer, M. und B. Katzenstein, Joseph
und Susmann Sommer, Leib Heilbrunn, Volf Katzenstein und der
Gemeindälteste S, Katzenstein.
Nathan Jaffa besuchte das Lehrerseminar und legte wie jeder andere
Absolvent seine Prüfung ab. Darauf folgte noch die Prüfung durch die
Kommission der Bewerber um die isrealltischen Schulstellen in der
Provinz Niederhessen durch Dr. Adler, Dr.Deviseur und Dr. Romer: "Dem
Abraham Nathan Jaffa aus Heinebach wurde in Folge der am 29. Januar bis
1. Februar 1866 von der unterzeichneten Commlssion mit ihm vorgenommenen
Prüfung das Zeugnis der Befähigung in der Isrealltischen Schule mit der
Nummer III, 2 bis III, 1 , zuerkannt. Cassel, den 19.2.1866-
Consistorialrat Dr. Hoffmann als Regierungsschuldezernent bestätigte das
Dokument.
Abraham Nathan Jaffa nahm seinen Dienst auf. Sein Diensteinkommen belief
sich auf 120 2/3 Taler und zeitweilig 120 Taler aus der Gemeindekasse.
Schullokal und Heizung stellte die Synagogengemeinde. Sein Stand in der
Synagoge war 15 gute Groschen wert, der für seine Frau die Hälfte. Der
Vertrag wurde in Melsungenm bestätigt durch Lehrer Abraham Nathan Jaffa,
«r.
den Gemeindeältesten S. Katzenstein und und den Kreisvorsteher der
Isrealiten, Kaufmann.
Abraham Nathan Jaffa unterrichtete bis 1872. Vo er verblieben ist,
nicht bekannt. Vielleicht hat er sich als vollausgebildeter Lehrer
lediglich um eine bessere Schulstelle bemüht.
ist
CAb 1872-1912 unterrichtet dann mit einer Unterbrechung Lehrer Abraham
Speier. 1888 war die Kinderzahl auf 12 herabgesunken und 1912 wurde die
Klasse nur noch von 4-5 Kindern besucht. Am I.Oktober 1912 wurde die
isreatitische Schule in Heinebach aufgelöst und die Kinder besuchten die
allgemeine Volksschule. Lehrer Speier wurde pensioniert. Er war leidend.
Speier war der letzte Jüdische Lehrer in Heinebach. Seine Kinder
wanderten nach dem 1. Veitkrieg nach Palästina aus, Sohn Emil war 1952
Bankier in London. ]
Sie benennen in Ihrem Schreiben BENJAMIN JAFFA, ein Sohn von Aron Jaffa,
der in Heinebach verblieben ist. Leider sind auch hierzu keine Daten
bekannt; es sei denn, daß aus den Aufzeichnungen des letzten Vorstehers
der isrealitischen Gemeinde, Herrn Juda (James) Heilbrunn (siehe oben
und Anlage) über die jüdische Gemeinde in New York etwas zu erfahren
wäre.
Beim Durcharbeiten der Unterlagen fiel mir der Vorname "ARON BENJAMIN"
in einer anderen jüdischen Familie und eventuelle verwandtschaftliche
Beziehungen zu Herrn Juda (James) Heilbrunn in New York auf. So wäre es
denkbar, daß ein weibliches Glied in die Familie Sommer eingeheiratet
hätte. Bestimmte Vornamen aber werden dann bei Kindern oder Enkeln
weitergegeben, um auf die Stammlinie hinzuweisen oder in ehrendem
Gedenken eine Tradition fortzusetzen.
Aron Benjamin Sommer aus Heinebach lebte nach dem Kriege in den USA,
ebenso auch Josef Sommer und die Brüder seiner Frau.
Ein anderer Josef Sommer (Abrahams Josef genannt) kam mit der Mutter
ebenfalls in die USA.
Fritz Sommer, Sohn von Abraham Sommer II und seine Mutter Lina befanden
sich nach dem Kriege in Beifort in Frankreich.
Digmund Sommer und Hilde Sommer, Kinder von Julius Sommer, lebten nach
dem Kriege in Brasilien.
Alle genannten Personen kamen aus Heinebach.
Kaufmann und letzer Synagogenvorsteher in Heinebach,
Juda (James) Heilbrunn und Ehefrau Julchen, geborene Sommer <!), sowie
Tochter Herta, (Nachname unbekannt) , lebten in New York.
Sie und andere konnten 1940 nach den USA entkommen. Juda Heilbrunn
berichtet von der Auswanderung über Frankfurt, Rußland, Korea und Japan
nach Amerika.
Beim Vergleich mit den übrigen Namen von Familien, halte ich es für
wahrscheinlich, daß sich bei den Vorfahren der vorgenannten Familien in
einer Linie plötzlich die Namen Aron Jaffa, Benjamin Jaffa und evtl.
auch Abraham Nathan Jaffa findet. Wenn Herr Heilbrunn fleißig gesammelt
Privatpersonen-, und wenn er oder seine Tochter diese Auf Zeichnungen der
Synagogengen.einde in New York oder der «IHGA Jerusalem" hat zuk3n
Uegen! ^° °'' '''^' ''"" ^'" "'" Schlüssel für weitere Nachforschungen
L"?^eil'äri'Lidl"f 'l""""/ 'i'"'' '" '""'"'^' ^^^ ^° «--^«^ Schicksal
aufgeklart werden konnte oder Menschen wieder zusammengefunden haben.
Zu dem verstorbenen Pfarrer Giebel hatte ich stets einen Ruten Kontakt
zumal mein Vater ebenfalls Pfarrer war und ich. soweit es^^tne'
Gesundheit erlaubt, auch selbst heute noch in der Verkündigung des
Wortes Gottes stehe. Im übrigen verstehe ich sehr gut. wenn ^n nJch
llTlJZ ?"'r'\?'i Vorfahren sucht. Ich selbst Serlor meine Eltern
damals im frühen Kindesalter und wuchs in fremden Familien auf Wenn ich
Ihnen auch leider nicht alle Fragen beantworten konnte, so hoffe ich
daß die über die Namen und Daten hinausgehende Darstellung, Ihnen '
und Sff" ^^T K^'^^'i"^ '" ""^^ '^^^^ ^^^^^ Vorfahren verm tteln konnte
und hoffe weiterhin, daß es Ihnen Freude bereiten möge.
Falls Sie an einem Fotobild der Wirkungsstätte ihrer Vorfahren
intersiert sind, so lassen Sie es mich wissen, denn das Gebäude der
^inuLf wtK^'n!^^^^'^ '°''*' vorhanden, auch wenn es heute als Wohnung
genutzt wird. Die Synagoge wurde schon im vorigen Jahrhundert für 400
ali^Lt^h! ^^ Privatperson verkauft, jedoch meines Wissens danach noch
als solche genutzt.
Mit freundlichen Grüßen!
Ei^
/t
^^'Ä.
Ihrer Anfrage hatten Sie einen Scheck über 20 $ beigefügt. Ich habe
ihn, um eine Ablauffrist nicht verstreichen zu lassen, in DM
eingelost und den eingelösten Betrag von 31.50 DM als
Auskunftsgebühr an das Hessische Staatsarchiv weitergeleitet. Die
Abrechnung der LZB und eine Kopie des Schecks ist hier beigefügt.
Weitere Kosten sind Ihnen nicht entstanden. S^iugx.
Anlage:
Abrechnung über Verwendung des Scheck über 20 $
Informationsblatt; Heinebach - Jüdische
Nachi orschungen
Gemeinde -
nwrliMi
I
H^in^bach - Jüdisch« Gsii^indtt -
lachf orscbu ngen :
n ; Cta(
3. IHGA Jerusalea
3. ISSO - Inforaat Ionen von Privatpersonen:
Juda Heilbrunn (J
Heilbrunn)
681 Veet 103 Street
lew York» IT 10040 / USA
dann Alterehe in: ^s spätere Adresse:
1175 Findley - Houee
Avenue. Apt. 4 V
Bronx, I.York 100456 /USA
Herr Heilbrunn ist inzwischen verstorben. Er hat eine Tochter mit
Vamen "Herta" (lachnaae unbekannt). Sie war Konzertpianistin oder
Konzertsanger in. Herr Heilbrunn und der verstorbene Pfarrer Giebel
haben viele laaen und Daten der Jüdischen Geaelnde
von Alheim- Heinebach gesasuaielt. Vielleicht hat Herr Heilbrunn diese
der Jüdischen Gemeinde in lew York überlassen. Auch Vachnamen und
Wohnsitz der Tochter Herta könnte man vielleicht von dort erfahren.
Alle Aufzeichnungen von Herrn Pfarrer Giebel erhielt ebenfalls Herr
Heilbrunn
2 Thorarollen konnten in Heinebach gerettet werden. Sie gingen über
Herrn Heilbrunn an die Jüdische Gemeinde in lew York.
4. Jüdische Familienforschung (Ludwig Kahn) = Bücher -♦ mehrere Bande
5. Frau Luise Braatz,
Ludwig-Christ-Strafie 2a
6242 Kronberg / Taunus
= Zeitschrift: "Der Freund Israels"
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IM . Juni 1988
An den
Herrn Buergermelster
6441 HEINEBACH
DeutschsBundesrepubUk
Sehr geehrter Herr Buergermelster:
In der Annahme, dass sich noch existierende Personenstandsregister der
ehemaligen juedischen Gemeinde zu Heinebach fn der Verwahrung der Stadt
befinden« mo«;hte ich mir erlauben« anzufragen« ob es raoeglich waere,
Auszuege aus diesen Akten erhalten zu koennen. Da sie nur fuer familien-
geschichtlichen Zwecken erbeten werden« so sind beglaubigte Kopien nicht
erforderlich. FuerlÜe eventuellen Gebuehren und Uebersendungskosten
werde ich auf Ihre Anweisung uebermitteln.
Es handelt sich um Mitglieder der Familie JAFFA« d#e zumindest seit ungcfaehr
1750 In Heinebach ansaessig war. Der erste uns bekannte Jaffa wa»
BENJAMIN JAFFA
ARON JAFFA
ELLA JAFFA
geboren in Heinebach 1769, heiratete um 17C5
(Name der Firau nicht bekannt) und starb in
Heinebach wohl um 1840
Der Sohn (oder ein Sohn) des Benjamin Jaffa,
geboren wohl umddie Jahrhun<?^r^vende. Soll
im Jahre 1836 in Heinebach geheiratet haben.
Seine Rrau war
Mädchenname, etc. unbekannt.
i
ARON und ELLA JAFFA hatten die folgenden uns bekannten Kinder, die alle
in Heinebach geboren wurden.
SAMUEL JAFFA
HEINRICH JAFFA
BENJAMIN JAFFA
SALOMON JAFFA
SARA JAFFI
MINNA JAFFA
geb. 25 April 1842 (moegllcherwei sr war er nicht
das a älteste Kind).
geb. 1843
geb. 1845?
IM). 1811 (starb 1941 in Amerika)
(Datum nicht bekannt)
(Datum nicht bekannt
Die Söhne SAMUEL, HEINRICH, und SALOMON sind um 1870 als Junggesellen
nach Amerika ausgewandert, ebenso wie die Schwestern. Alle haben in den Staaten
geheiratet. Nur der Sohn BENJAMIN blieb in Heinebach« wo er auch gestorben sein
mag.
-2-
I
Sollten die betreffenden Eintragungen In den Personenstandsakten vorliegen,
so wuerde ich um Je eine Kopie der Gehurtseintragungen alles Genannter bitten,
ebenso wie die Eintragungen der Heiraten von «ENJANON JAFFA (!) und dessen Sohn
ARON, Diese sowie ihre Ehefrauen sind auch In Heinebach gestorben, und so
vmerde ich euch um die betreffenden Todeseintragungen bitten.
Da scheinbar die «nelsten dieser alten Juedlschen Personenstandsregister nur
bis ungefaher 1800 zurueckgehen, so wird es wohl nicht moeglich sein, eine
Geburtseintragung fuer den aelteren Benjamin (1759) zu finden. Aber dessen Eltern
wuerden Ja auch in dessen Helratseintragung genannt werden, die schon eWer
vorlieger mag.
Sollten sich Jene Register woanders aufbewahrt rverden, so waere
ich Ihnen fuer betreffende Information hoechst dankbar. Ein Scheck fuer $ 20.00
liegt bei, um die Nachsicht ier Register zu ermcegllchen.
Ich verbleibe.
Mit ergebenstem Gruss,
John Henry Richter
Anlage
^ ^
y
PAUL^KNSBERG ^^^^^^^
Die jüdischen Gemeinden
in Hessen
Anfang Untergang Neubeginn
ERSTER BAND
' • . »ii'id -■;•♦<; ,
. >i.;«qA/m. inj . *
SOCIETÄTS-VERLAG
H
M
Fl
l< <
M
Gemarkung einen jüdischen FrieSI^. '° ^"'^^^«^'"; «« «ibt jedoch in der
Statistik: 1815: 38, 1824- ^] iSQn o;r ,.
1932-1933: 5 Jud^n Xlfn^ ^ ''' ''''■ ''' ''^- ''' ^^lO: 7. 1926: 6,
<?c«cÄtcÄ<e.- Schon im Jahre 1569
waren es zwei Schutzjuden Ummr ''^ Heidesheim ansässig; 1730
Heidesheim wohnhaft und zw« sIr™? "'^"'^ J"^««^^« PamLn in
Rosenthal Adam El^er.t.Z^Z''l^:^^'^''' ^^"^ ^^ ^imon
stamm (Witwe von Benedikt EWamm^ f v.* "''^ ^^"^^^^ Ehren-
wutschaftiiehe Lage war nicht bS^nderj;;"' 't"^ Viehhandel. Die
brachte es im Laufe der Zeit zu WohLab " K T '*'" ^^°^"" Löwensberg
Haus m Heidesheim. Die Famihe llln k "'*' ''' ^'"^^'^ «^ stattlich^
ten Staaten aus, wo Nachkommln^rS ?"f*^ '^^''^ «^«^ Verei4
Nach 1789 - im 7. Jahr der Fr^t • *^®'; ^^^^ heute noch wohnen
^Bürgerrecht ; im J^ri^r^X^'r h" ^^^^^'*^'^ ^« ^"^-
Knaben mid 3 Mädchen), welche Li ! ^**^^ ^ Heidesheim (4
Eltern - die Ortsschule, !i. hlt aUrmi'^ ^T '^' '^«'^ ^^^-^en
la den neunziger Jahren des vo • Tu '^' ^''^^^' ^««"^h*«'^-
Meidesheim'; im üX^/i^S^tt^^^^^r es auch einen Be^saal
Ober.Ingelheim. * ^°- "^^ '^"<*®'^ ^«n Heidesheim zur Gemeinde
Nach 1933: Im November 19^8 ^ a ■
demoliert. Der Apotheker Maf H^dH T"" '"^ ^«" ^^ Mobiliars
^m B^itztum. die Schloßmühle bzwS S' "'1^^^'^' ^«^ ««-«^-de
wanderte nach den USA aus, wo er Te^Tar^ °'^' '" »««^««^en«. Er
Der jüdische J-nedÄo/ (Ifd Nr 2ni t- * «/
Ostrand des Ortes und ^J^ n^f'^'T'Tt''''''^ "^'^^^^ -h am
vorhanden. . '*^'' ^^80 angelegt. Es sind nur neun GräbS
(Heunatfo^cher RekS^^'krT S^'*-- -n Ortsbeharde und Privatperson
Akte 439
HEINEBACH
13 Ki. "• ''»■'• J- HMlbnmn; I, Stfefel. B.„mb..h Alu
>Sto^i./ti; 1861: 80, 1905: 54 Juden.
fEheinland-Tfalz. Um 1932-1933 be-
n Heidesheim; es gibt jedoch in der
|l834: 28, 1900: 15, 1910: 7, 1925: 6,
Jude in Heidesheim ansässig; 1730
^aren mehrere jüdische Familien in
lon Löwensberg, Adam und Simon
1 Benedikt und Franziska Ehren-
tm); alle betrieben Viehhandel. Die
Jrs gut, nur die Famihe Löwensberg
Ihabenheit ; sie besaß ein stattliches
jnsberg wanderte nach den Vereinig.
Familie heute noch wohnen.
Jen Revolution - erhielten die Juden
7 jüdische Kinder in Heidesheim (4
± einer Anfrage bei den jüdischen
leine christUche Schule, besuchten.
rhunderts gab es auch einen Betsaal
uden von Heidesheim zur Gemeinde
[einer Jüdin ein Teü ihres Mobiliars
5r wurde gezwungen, der Gemeinde
[as Mühlenschloß, zu »schenken«. Er
Jtarb.
Rheinland-Pfalz) befindet sich am
angelegt. Es sind nur neim Gräber
>n von Ortsbehörde und Privatperson
Akte 439
« . ^, aann stets eimsre
bchutzjudenfamihen. 1825 waren es sechs, 1844 sieben, 1853 elf Familien nüt
61 und 1855 mit 67 Seelen; um 1893 gab es zehn jüdische Steuerzahler in
Heinebach.
Berufsstruktur: Hauptsächlich Viehhändler, Metzger.
Gottesdienst fand bis 1844 in einem Privathaus statt; 1842-1843 wurde in
einem ehemahgen Bauernhof (Eisfeldstraße 191) eine Synagoge mit 51/40
Plätzen eingerichtet.
Im gleichen Haus wurde später auch die Schule und eine Lehrerwohnung ein-
gerichtet. Ab etwa 1800 Vorsänger und Lehrer Benjamin JaflFa (geboren
1769) aus Baumbach, dann dessen Sohn Aron Jaffa, später bis 1863 David
Oppenheim.
Staatliche Elementarschule etwa ab 1865. 1869: 35, 1884: 18, 1903: 17 Kin-
der. Lehrer war - ab 1871 - Abraham Speyer. 1905 gab es iioch 13 Schul-
kinder, 1912 nur noch 5 Schulkinder, davon 2 Kinder des Lehrers. Insgesamt
lebten in Heinebach noch 65 jüdische Seelen. Die Elementarschule'wurde
im Oktober 1912 aufgehoben.
Nach 1933: Die Synagoge wurde 1938 gestürmt und ging später in den Besitz
der Ortsgemeinde über. Ausgewandert sind - teilweise über Frankfurt -
bis 1940 insgesamt 21 Personen, die meisten nach den USA, einige nach
Palästina/Israel. Die übrigen 17 jüdischen Einwohner von Heinebach wurden
nach dem Osten deportiert (zum Teil auch von Frankfurt am Main aus) und
sind umgekommen.
Zuständiger Friedhof für Heinebach war in Spangenberg, bzw. in Binsförth;
möghcherweise gab es in Heinebach aber auch einmal einen eigenen Fried-
hof, da im Margrund ein Flurname »Judenfriedhof« oder »Judentotenhof«
noch existiert.
Quellenmaterial: Statistiken; Archivakten: StA Marburg, Wiesbaden; JHGA
Jerusalem; JRSO. - Informationen von Privatpersonen: James (Juda) Heil-
brunn und Pfarrer Alfred Giebel, Treysa (vgl. Heinebach 1061-1961).
Akte 25
ibbinat Kassel. SyG E: 1150, J:
Ibrunn; L Stiefel, Baumbach, Rlü
HELDENBERGEN
Reg.-Bez. Darmstadt/Oberhessen (Friedberg) -Prov.-Rabbinat Oberhessen
(orthodox). IsrRelG - E : 1900, J : 76, Z : 22 ; Syn - Fr - Mi - Seh ; Vors. Isaak
Haas; L, K u. Seh Jakob Höxter; Rlü 7 Ki.
Jüdische Gefallene 1914-1918: Friedrich (Fritz) Hermann, Albert Roth-
Schild, Adolf Wertheimer.
.. .^» 1 ' . . r/jF ji^, .
•^r äcK 2/1 der.
I
I
-mat — - - —
i«ite
-\
Wilhelm Södler
Haupt lehrer i.R,
Beim Kalkofen 8
6445 Alheim-Heinebach
6445 Alheim-Heinebach, den 19.10.1988
Herrn
John Henry Richter
P.O. Box 7978
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107
USA
Betr.: Nachforschungen nach Vorfahren Ihrer Familie
Eezügl Ihre Anfrage vom 10. Juni 1988 an die Gemein
Mein Antwortschreiben vom 01.08.1988
Ihr Schreiben vom 8. August 1988 an mich
Sehr geehrter Herr Richter,
herzlichen Dank für Ihren liebenswürdigen Brief vom 08. August 1988. Ich
habe mich sehr darüber gefreut. Wenn ich Ihnen erst heute antworte, so liegt
es daran, daß ich mich in den vergangenen Wochen sehr darum bemüht habe,
an weiteres Quellenmaterial heranzukommen. Aber alle Auskünfte waren
zunächst negativ. So habe ich einen ganz anderen Weg versucht, indem ich
aus unterschiedlichem Quellenmaterial frühere Hausbesitzer herausgesucht
habe.
Obgleich ich mich mit Heimatgeschichte intensiv beschäftige, wurde die
Angelegenheit zu einer "Detektivarbeit". Aber zusammen mit genannten
Hausnummern ergibt sich nunmehr nach mühevoller Kelnarbeit ein Bild, aus
dem doch zumindest die Linien Ihrer Vorfahren zu erkennen sind. Manchmal
sind dort auch ergänzende Beschreibungen vermerkt, so zum Beispiel: Die
Witwe des. ...und ihre Söhne a) b) c) d). Anderweitig wird der Namen des
Vaters (z.B: Juda Sohn, Samuels Sohn), der Beruf oder der Name der Ehefrau
mit dem Geburtsnamen hinzugesetzt.
Minna Jaffa war mit Abraham Sommer I verheiratet. Beide werden um 1900
genannt. Abraham Sommer I ist Besitzer des Hauses Nr. 23. Der Vorbesitzer,
von Nr. 23, Baruch Sommer, ist mit Sicherheit sein Vater. Er wird zudem als
"Josefs Sohn" bezeichnet. Dieser dürfte wiederum aus dem Hause Nr. 9
stammen. Im Hause Nr. 9 findet man dann weiter, Zwischen 1806 und 1812
erfolgte unter einem Bruder Napoleons, Jerome, die Einführung fester
bürgerlicher Namen. Josef Sommer suchte den altem Brauch fortzusetzen und
behielt den Vornamen des Vaters auch späterhin noch bei. Josef Meyer ist
also die gleiche Person wie Josef [Meyer] Sommer. Der Vater ist Meyer
Susmann, Haus-Nr. 9, und dessen Vater Susmann Isaak. Levi Isaak ist wohl
mit ziemlicher Sicherheit der Bruder, denn er hat den gleichen Nachnamen.
Zudem gab es zu dieser Zeit (1716/1720 nur 2 oder 3 jüdische Familien hier
in Heinebach. 1678 wird der erste "Schutzjude" mit Namen "Jöstchen" genannt,
der eine Steuer zahlt. Dann aber hört man nichts mehr von ihm. Es
Vor bleiben dann nur noch zunächst Susmann Isaak und Levi Isaak. Erst
1
1
danach wächst die israelische Gemeinde an. Von Levi Isaak her bildet sich
dann die Linie "Kaiser", von Susmann Isaak die Linie Sommer. Von Susmann
Isaac ist bekannt, daß er 1736 um Ermäßigung seines jährlich zu zahlenden
Schutzgeldes ersucht. In seiner Bittschrift erwähnt er, daß er in Heinebach
lebe und sich nur "säuerlich" ernähren könne. Der liebe Gott habe ihm sechs
Kinder beschert, für die er einen eigenen Jüdischen Schulmeister halten
müsse, so daß er täglich neun Personen an seinem Tische zu unterhalten
habe. Der Spangenberger Rentmeister Wille bescheinigt ihm, daß er sich gut
geführt habe. Sein Handel und Gewerbe aber seien zur Zeit sehr gering, so
daß es ihm schwerfalle, seine Familie durchzubringen. Unter diesen
Umständen wird ihm bis auf weiteres ein Drittel seines Schutzgeldes auf
Anordnung der Rentkammer Kassel erlassen. Er zahlt danach nur 8 Taler 10
Albus 8 Heller im Jahr. Levi Isaac zahlt dagegen 12 Taler 16 Albus Jährlich.
Leider jedoch wird der Name des Lehrers nicht erwähnt.
I
1800 wird lediglich erwähnt, daß die Jüdische Gemeinde einen eigenen
Vorsänger in der Person des Benjamin Jaffa aus Baumbach hatte; d.h. es
könnte auch schon etwas früher gewesen sein. Ihm folgte dann sein Sohn
Aron Jaffa als Synagogenvorsänger nach, der auch bis 1866 den Kindern den
Religionsunterricht erteilte. Der "Schulmeister Aron Jaffa" bewohnte das
Haus mit der alten Hausnummer 100. Sie finden es auf dem Bild Nr. 1, ganz
links. Es hatte hinten einen Hof räum und eine Scheune und ist ein ebenso
schönes Fachwerkhaus wie die beiden anderen. Leider sind die schönen
Holzbalken heute mit Eternitplatten verkleidet. 1836 gilt "der Schulmeister
Aron Jaffa" noch als Besitzer. Danach ging es in andere Hände über bezw.
war verkauft worden. - Im Jahr 1843 kaufte die israelische Gemeinde das
Haus Nr. 86, woraus Synagoge und Schule entstanden. Rundherum finden
mehrere Häuser einen anderen Besitzer, sodaß 1845 noch unmittelbar daneben
ein Wohnhaus mit Scheune hinzukam, das wohl an Ende des vorigen
Jahrhunderts an die Gemeinde Heinebach verkauft wurde, weil es nicht mehr
dringend benötigt wurde, denn über der Synagoge, also im oberen Stockwerk,
befand sich eine Wohnung für den Lehrer und Vorsänger. Ein zugehöriger
Garten lag etwas außerhalb am Weg nach der "Lücke" :^eine Flurbezeichnung).
Wie das Gebäude heute aussieht, ersehen Sie aus Bild Nr .2. Dies also war die
Wirkungsstätte von Aron Jaffa, der^für mich eine sehr sympathische Person
darstellt, unabhängig davon, daß sein Geburtstag und mein Geburtstag auf
den gleichen Tage fallen. Das Bild Nr. 3 zeigt nocheinmal die Synagoge, Sie
wird hier etwas von einer Tanne verdeckt. Bild Nr. 4 zeigt den Blick in
Richtung des Dorfes Heinebach. Linker Hand über die Straße wäre die
ehemalige Synagoge,
über Baumbach, heute Alheim-Baumbach, kann ich Ihnen wenig berichten. Herr
Bürgermeister Ritter, der hier sehr behilflich ist, konnte hier auch nicht
weiterhelfen und vom Staatsarchiv in Marburg habe ich auch nichts weiter
erhalten können. Nach meinen Erkundigungen soll es aber wohl in Baumbach
keine Synagoge gegeben haben. Das Zentrum der Jüdischen Gemeinde war wohl
damals Heinebach (heute Alheim-Heinebach). Die Toten wurden auf den
Jüdischen Friedhof in Binsförth beerdigt. Der Totenwagen war bei Abraham
Sommer II (33) und Josef Sommer abgestellt.
,*^ • — .TWi.*«»
3-
Den Naien Goldschiidi habe ich nur ein einziges Hai entdecken können, näilich bei Haus Nr. 40.
Allerdings gibt es eine Familie hier, der lan den dörflichen Beinamen "Goldschieeds" zuordnet. Ich
konnte hier den heutigen Namen 200 Jahre zurückverfolgen, fand aber keinen Namen Goldschmidt. Es
könnte jedoch trotzdem sein, daB eine Familie Goldschmidt kein eigenes Haus besaB und nur zur Riete
wohnte. In Spangenberg äjilies den Namen Goldschmidt gegeben haben. Der Name
Leonore Goldschmidt Jaffa ist mir nicht untergekommen, Beziehungen zu Spangenberg bestanden
(vergleiche Nr, 81), Der Name Goldschmidt kommt bei Nr, 40 vor. Sehr wahrscheinlich stammt sie von der
gleichen Familie ab. Sannchen Goldschmidt könnte zeitlich ihre Schwester gewesen sein, Leonore
Goldschnmidt Jaffa nannte ihre Tochter evtl, nach ihrer Schwiegermutter Elle nun "Ellen", Sehr enge
Züsarainenhänge sind ganz sicher hier gegeben,
Sehr geehrter Herr Richter, ich hoffe, daß ich Ihnen hiermit und mit den
beigefügten Anlagen und Bildern bei Ihren Nachforschungen behilflich sein
konnte. So etwas wie Personenstandsregister gab es hier erst seit etwa 100
Jahren. Bei Steuer- oder Kataster beschreibungen findet man schon mehr
Namen. Derartige Register, die Sie ansprechen, wurden früher meist durch die
Religionsgemeinschaften geführt. So sind in den Kirchenbüchern der
christlichen Gemeinden frühere Daten deren Zugehörige mit Geburts-, Heirats-
und Todesdaten ebenso eingetragen wie in den Synagogenbüchern die Daten
der Angehörigen der israelischen Gemeinde. Herr Heilbrunn war ein kluger
Mann, denn er erkannte frühzeitig die bösen Zeichen der Zeit, so wie sie
auch mein Vater sehr früh erkannte, Ich könnte mir denken, daß Herr
Heilbrunn möglicherweise vielleicht Aufzeichnungen aus dem Synagogenbuch
der israelischen Gemeinde in Heinebach noch rechtzeitig sichern konnte. Ich
weiß auch nichts über den Verbleib. Ich weiß lediglich, daß zwei Thorarollen
hier in Heinebach gerettet werden konnten, die über Herrn Heilbrunn an die
jüdische Gemeinde in New York gegangen sein sollen. Das weiß ich von dem
verstorbenen Pfarrer Giebel, der mit Herrn Heilbrunn in engem Kontalkt
stand .
Sie sprechen in Ihrem Brief die traurigen Ereignisse der
Judenverfolgungszeit an, und daß sich (wie in R.) niemand daran erinnern
konnte, zumal von der dort ansässig gewesenen jüdischen Gemeinde niemand
jene Zeit überlebt hat. Ich stimme mit Ihnen absolut überein, daß sich an
diese Zeit niemand gern erinnert und daß man diese Ereignisse nicht einfach
völlig verneinen oder totschweigen kann. Sehen Sie, ich habe diese Zeit als
kleiner Junge gegenüber dem eigenen Elternhause miterlebt. Ich habe gesehen,
wie die SA mitten in den Gottesdienst meines Vaters demonstrativ
einmarschierte, weil er in einem Nachbarort eine "verbotene" Predigt
gehalten hatte: "Trachtet zuerst nach dem Reich Gottes und seiner
Gerechtigheit". Dieses Wort hat eine besondere Bedeutung für mein eigenes
Leben bekommen.
Vir wohnten damals in einem Dorf in der Nähe von Alsfeld. Zu dem Kirchspiel
meines Vaters gehörten sieben kleine Gemeinden, Mein Vater war ein
geachteter Mann und die Leute aus seinen Gemeinden hielten treu zu ihm. In
einem Brief vom 15.5.1934 schreibt ein SA-Sturmführer an meinen Vater:
"Auf firund meiner letzen Unterredung , die ich mit Ihnen hatte, und ihres Gottesdienstes am letzten
Sonntag, sieht sich die SA genötigt, in Zukunft ihrem Gottesdienst fernzubleiben Sie werden es
verstehen, daB die SA unmöglich bei einem Pfarrer zum Gottesdienst gehen kann, der noch nicht einmal
den deutschen GruG Heil Hitler aus innerer Überzeugung aussprechen kann und bereit ist, eher nach
Osthof en zu gehen, als Heil Hitler zu grüBen. Ich glaube, daB Sie sich den Folgen Ihrer Ausage nicht
bewuBt sind und bitte Sie, sich diese Dinge genau zu überlegen. Veitere Schritte behalte ich mir vor,
-M»>W^j»>a>.jMU I ii <— — ^y—tt— i^^j^^ifci
Ü'
_u _
Unterschrift: Der Führer des Stunes 15/254 , Grunewald, Stunführer - Für die Richtigkeit -
Unterschrift: Nauiann, Rottenführer -
Dieser Mann war zudem noch Polizeibamter und erschien einmal in dieser,
einmal in Jener Uniform. Jeder Widerstand wurde damals erbarmungslos
niedergeschlagen .
Mit 8 Jahren war ich Vollwaise, Ich erinnere mich noch an
Hausdurchsuchungen und Drohbriefe, wo ihm die Konzentrationslager Dachau
und Osthof en angedroht worden waren. Einige Briefe und Aufzeichnungen sind
noch in meinem Besitz.
Ich weiß noch, wie meine Eltern und meine Großeltern geholfen haben, daß
eine befreundete jüdische Familie rechtzeitig nach Südamerika auswandern
konnte (ich habe noch Briefe aus der Nachkriegszeit, wo sie sich nach
unserem Befinden erkundigen). So erinnere ich mich auch noch sehr gut
daran, wie mich meine Mutter zum Schweigen verpflichtete, wenn wir diese
oder Jene Familie während der Dunkelheit besuchten. Meine Mutter hatte
immer eine Tasche dabei.
Als ich nach dem Kriege aufgefordert wurde, zu den Vorgängen von damals
auszusagen, deren Zusammenhänge ich als Kind noch nicht einzuordnen und zu
durchschauen vermochte, kam es wie von selbst aus meinem Munde: "Mein ist
die Rache, spricht der Herr". So ist es dann auch später gekommen.
»och heute suche ich Dinge aus der damaligen Zeit zu klären, aber es ist
nicht leicht, auch wenn durch Notizen und Aufzeichnungen meines Vaters und
durch niedergeschriebene Gebete meiner Mutter gewisse Anhaltspunkte gegeben
waren, konnten doch längst nicht alle Sachverhalte und Umstände geklärt
werden. Ganz genau werde ich ae wohl nie alles klären können.
- Die Zeit ist weitergegangen. Viele wußten damals wirklich nichts oder
ahnten vielleicht etwas, wenn Menschen nicht wiederkamen. Die Kristallnacht
öffnete manchem die Augen, und es dauerte nicht lange da kam der Krieg. Sie
seien ausgewandert, so wurde verbreitet. Andere wußten vielleicht mehr, aber
sie schwiegen oder hatten Angst. Andere wiederum halfen in der Stille,
Das ungeheuere und entsetzliche Ausmaß der Wahrheit aber kam erst mit dem
Kriegsende ans Tageslicht, denn die Vernichtung von Menschen auf diese
entsetzliche Weise war streng geheimgehalten worden. Dafür sorgte zudem
eine perfekt gesteuerte Propaganda. Es war zudem eine Zeit, wo keiner dem
anderen traute.
Was waren das für Menschen, die solche entsetzlichen Dinge kaltblütig
planten und auch durchführten? Ich habe viel darüber nachgedacht und auch
gelesen. Es waren Menschen mit einem partiell-suspendierten
Unrechtsbewußtsein, Menschen mit einem eingleisigen, eindimensionalen Denken
und verbohrtem Fanatismus, die trotz ihrer schlimmen Taten nicht nur ihre
Unschuld beteuerten, sondern sich auch noch unschuldig fühlten. Das haben
die Nürnberger Prozesse deutlich werden lassen. Sie seien nicht schuldig,
beteuerten Angeklagte, sie hätten nur getan was der Lagerführer gesagt
hätte, sie seien zu allen freundlich gewesen, nein, sie seien nicht schuldig
und sie fühlten sich nicht schuldig. Das alles kann man nachlesen.
Und wenn man hier weiterdenkt, kann letztlich das, was hier damals geschah,
in kleinerem oder größerem Ausmaß, in dieser oder Jener Form, überall auf
der Welt geschehen. Ein amerikanischer Film mit einer jugendlichen
I
I
II
?-
ü
Schulklasse hat das einmal in pädagogischer Weise, aber auch gleichzeitg in
einer letzlich erschreckenden Form dargestellt.
Wer sich diesen Fragen nicht stellt, wird wenig oder nichts zum Frieden in
dieser Veit beitragen.
Immer wieder wird sich die Frage wiederholen müssen:
Vie war Auschwitz möglich?
So etwas kann überall nur da passieren, wo menschliche und ethische Werte
und das Wort Gottes mißachtet und durch politisierte Emanzipation und
ideologischen Fanatismus verdrängt werden können. Daher muß es immer
wieder Menschen geben, die menschliche und ethische Werte hochhalten, die
auf Gottes Wort hören und auf die Grundrechte einer freiheitlichen
Staatverfassung achten, sie lehren und zum Ausdruck bringen, sie in der
Verantwortung vor Gott und dem Menschen verwirklichen und für sie
eintreten.
Ihnen und Ihren Lieben, sehr geehrter Herr Richter, wünsche ich noch viel
Freude, alles Gute und Gottes Segen.
Mit freundlichen Grüßen!
d^
^^cÄ^
II
Anlagen:
-G
I
l
\
40
41
41
41
38
38
40
40
40
40
40
40
41
42
42 42
4]
1866/67 Saloion Katzenstein
1874/75 andere
laut Kaufvertrag vom 28.12,1866
laut Kaufvertrag von 27. IV. 1874
1808 David Katz
1840/41 Kappel Katzenstein (von David Katz)
1853 Saloion Katzenstein (= Kappeis Sohn)
1874 Josef Somer II (Susiianns Sohn)® Sannchen * Goldschiidt (Kaufvertrag von 25.5.1874 / Nr. 40)
40 UA 1900 Josef So»ier II (Susianns Sohn)» Sannchen * Goldschiidt
40 37 andere Naien
(1716) Levi Isaac
1794 Neyer Levi
1820 Leib Heyer Kaiser
1858/59 Wolf Katz aus Binsförth
UM 1900 Katz, Baruch II
Wahrscheinlich Bruder von Susmann Isaac
Noch 1850 Handelsnann
® Jettchen ^ Kaiser
i Sarah ^ NuBbaun
1847 Saloion Katzenstein
1848 andere
44
44
44
(1716) Levi Isaac (gehört zu alter Haus-Nr. 41 bis 1832 öder1836)
44/43 1850 andere
44/43 39/38 andere
51 ft
51 ü
1 1 • •
51 47 1938
andere
Isidor Katz, Pferdehändler
« Frieda * .... nach Kassel
55 ü
55 ü
55. ü
55 K 55 K
aus 55 ü koiit
55 K
1818 und 1832 Juda Heilbrunn erhält 1832 durch Tausch (Nr. 75) Haus Nr. 5514
und 1833 Juda Heilbrunn <» lit Röschen * Kaiser J.H, = vor 1840 Geneindeältester
1850 Leib Heilbrunns « lit Betti, =^ Rosenberg
um 1900 Juda Heilbrunns Witwe Hannchen, * Rosenblatt
91 Kaufaann Juda (James) Heilbrunn «> lit Julchen * Somnier; Tochter Herta (1937 ? nach Frankfurt
55 ü 91 t «ar der letzte Vorsteher der jüdischen Gemeinde in Heinebach l-4und 1940 in Aierika)
55 K 91 1938 andere
57
57 94
Salono Sonaer (Schlonns) 19oo Hohiann ca. 1932 Pfetzing
65
65
65
1854 Baruch und Susiann Katzenstein (Koppels Sohn)
1857/58 Baruch Katzenstein
1866/67 andere
laut Kaufvertrag
laut Kaufvertrag
66
66
66
1834
66/67 1847
66/67 ui 1900
66/67 122 1938
( 1942
Susaann Soiaer (-]
Susiann Soaier <-] laut Kaufbrief Nr. 67 dazu erworben
SoMier, Koppel «-Sohn von f-t]
Somer, Abraha« t-Sohn von tl (Susaanns Koppel genannt); Töchter: Elsa und Ina
Abraham Sommer II evakuiert ????)
Handelsaann
Handelsaann
75
1828 Juda Heilbrunn erhält 1832 durch Tausch Haus Nr.55 K
81
81
81
1846 Roses Stern aus Spangenberg
1847 Hoses Stern , Spangenberg
1847 andere
1851 andere laut Kaufvertrag (Neuer Eigentümer verkauft (1843) Nr 86 an Israelisch Geaeinde)
-7-
83
83
83
83
1866/67
un 1900
u» 1900
ui 1913
Abrahat Katz o lit Eiilie :|: Kaiser
Katz, Abrahans Uit«e t-
Katz, Baruch und seine Hutter t (Abrahais Sohn) auch Eiels Baruch gen,?
andere
I
84 84
84
84
84
1850/51
1854/55
1861
UK 1900
Susiann, Levi .,,,, Uitwe zu Spangenberg
Abraha» Soatser (Josefs Sohn) laut Kaufvertrag
Josef Son»er (Abrahais Sohn) laut übergabevertrag
andere
86 86
86 191 1843
1845
Iraelische fieneinde Heinebach kauft ein Haus (früherer Besitzer jetzt Nr. 81, verkauft 1846)
: -t Synagoge und Schule
Israelische Geieinde Heinebach Uohnhaus und Hofraide auf'i Hopfengarten, Haus dahinter
Garten ai Uege nach der Lücke
(Eine Uohnung «ar über der Synagoge; 1931 wohnte hier die Uitwe des Lehrers Speier
93
83
96
■ •■^^l^aMiBHI^MIfl
■ ^^ i^ Mi a»^
1852/53
1853/54
1858
Saloion Katzenstein
Baruch Katzenstein
Volf Katzenstein laut Kaufvertrag
100
100
1836
1850
'Schullehrer Aron Jaffa' - spätere Wohnung wohl in der Synagoge - ganz oben Wohnung -
andere
109
1900
Juda Saloion Kaiser (Teil des Hauses abgebrochen wegen Ortsausg, erhält » 900 RH für Neuanbau
131
90
1938
Julius Wallach
Zeichenerklärung; «> verheiratet - * geborene (Hädchennane)
i
Htm
-?-
THE FAMILY JAFFA AND SOMMER (Anlage la und Ib) OFF BAÜMBACH AND
HEINEBACH (HESSEN- KASSEL), COLODADO AND NEV MEXICO
Naphtali
in
4
Baunbach
Benjaiin Jaffa
•
Saara (bat) Naphtali
Heier Hahn • Jättel Hirsch
b.l769 (?)
b. 1765 in Baunbach
Handelsmann
in Gaunbach
d. 25.9.1849
in Rhina
Neinebach
1
Cantor in Heinebach
(wohnte bei ihre» Sohn
(wahrscheinlich
schon Aron Jaffa)
vor 1800)
1
i
Zigora Jaffa
Aron Jaffa (
1 »it Elle Hahn (26 Jahre alt)
b. 1792/93
Cantor and Teacher
am 16.11.1836
in Heinebach
in Heinebach bis 1856 ^
l' b, 1810 in Rhina
d. 30.4.1850
b. 7.8.1800 i
^ d. before 1879
in Heinebach
in Heinebach <
^ in Heinebach
d, before 1888
• lit Josef Spiegel (eignes Haus, Nr. 100, ab
Teacher in ca,1845 in Synagoge,
Frankershausen Nr, 86, »it Nebengebäude)
(verstorben)
(Zigora war kurz
vor ihre» Tode 14 Tage
lang bei ihre»
Bruder Aron Jaffa
4
Samuel Jaffa
1842-1909
■ »it A»elia
(1870 nach
Amerika)
i
Ella,
b.l879
i
Henry
Naphtali
Jaffa
1844 -
■ »it
Bessie....
(1870 nach
A»erika)
Edgar
Jaffa
1892
Benja*
»in
Jaffa
1878
^
Sol. H.
Jaffa
1849 - 1941
• »it Leonore
6oldsch»idt
(1870 nach
A»erika)
Ellen Arthur
Jaffa Jaffa
1882 1884
Abraham Benja»in
Nathan Jaffa
Jaffa • »it
in Heinebach
Teacher in
Heinebach
1866-18724 yohin ??
(danach hatten
die israel. Kinder i
Abraha» Speier I
als Lehrer I
bis 1912) I
I
Sara
Jaffa
• »it
Henry
i
Hinna
Jaffa
• »it
Abraham
6oldsch»ith Sommer I 4
(in Pennsylvania) (Anlage Ia-^Ib)t
had 18 children)
■»-»-♦•♦4t
son Jaffa
I
Benja»in Jaffa
(Lake Vorth, Florida
deceaset)
I
I
I
Julie Sommer
• »it
Juda (Ja»es)
Heibrunn
b. Heinebach
d.New York City
(1937-1940 Flucht
nach Amerika)
1-
I
4
iO-
Anlage I
Heinebach: -
Jüdische Familiennamen nach Hausnummern
/Verträgen/Auskünften etc ,
1, Heinebacher Häuser und Höfe nach Katasterbeschreibungen 1750 bis 1847/48/50 etc.
2, An Häuser gebundene Ueidensgerechtsane und Anteile an Geneindsnutzen um 1900
3, Verzeichnis von früheren Hauseigentüttern a) alte HausnuiNmern (l,>2,) b) neue KausnuMiiern 1938
4, Aus Aufzeichnungen des verstorben Pfarrers Giebel - Erkundigungen bei älteren Einvohnern/ Bilder
(Später wurden Hausnunnern wiederholt geändert; Bennenung nach StraBen und ii Zuge der Gebietsrefom 1972,
«0 10 Geneinden unter den neuen Nanen "Alhein" geneinsan verwaltet werden; diese sind hier nicht aufgeführt)
I. 2. 3a 3b Jahr der
Nr, Nr. Nr, Nr. Namensnennung Nane
1750 1850 un1900 1938
<» Ehefrau
Bemerkungen
(30.08,1988)
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
1720 Susnann Isaac (hielt sich eigenen Lehrer f, seine 6 Kinder) =: I (Bruder; Levi Isaac ,
1736 ^ 1755/63 Susnann Isaac sein i Sohn ) l-«seit 1716 hier ansässig)
9
1756/63 1775 und. 1795
1795
1829
1834
t + 4
t + •♦
t + 4
t + -»
ca. 1850
ca. 1850
un 1900
9 10 1938
Heyer Susnann f] (I Sohn) USohn; Heyer Levi
Josef Heyer f] (1806/12; Einführung bürgerlicher Nanen unter Napoleon)
Josef [Heyer] Sonner f] <» Jüdel ^ Loser (1827 Anbau an Nr. 9)
Die yjtye des Josef Heyer Sonner, Jüdel * Löser, und deren Sohne:
Hoses Sonner
Abraham Sonner
Baruch Sonner
Itzig Sonner
Itzig Sonner, wohnhaft "in Hof
Sonner, Hoses (Hetzger)
Hoses Sonner (Hetzger)
andere Nanen
CO
CO
(Nr. 9) nebst Anbau und Hofraide und Garten
Berta * Stern
Berta * Stern
20 20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
1838 Sanuel Kaiser (Judae Sohn)
ca 1850 Sanuel Kaiser
un 1900 Salonon Kaiser (Sanuels Sohn)
1938 Jonas Uallach
andere
Handelsnann
Frieda
23
23 23
23
20
1837 Baruch Sonner ("Josefs Sohn") Handelsnann (=Kaufnann)
un 1900 Sonner, Abraham I k-U <» Hinna ^ Jaffa iVitwe Susnann in Haus
i^ Kinder; Julie <» nit Juda (Janes) Heilbrunn (Nr 55 ft)
andere Nanen] -»[ und Benjanm (?),Aron (?), Hedwig (?)
25
25
(k)
(1/1)
1823 Juda Kaiser
1850 Juda Kaiser
Scheinchen * Levi
Scheinchen * Levi
27
27
1856 und 1858
1860
Salonon Katzenstein
andere
'
(
I
33
1831
33
33
33
33
33
30
30
30
1856
ut 1900
Koppel Katzenstein a> Baier * Katz
Heyer Katzenstein (Koppels Sohn) laut übergabevertrag
Abraham Sommer II (Josefs Sohn)<» Sarah * Rosenbaum
Abraham Sonner II (Josefs Sohn)« Sarah * Rosenbaun
Josef Sonner nicht »
andere
■UU.-iVl.tiJH.'^
> lA '*%-wmimrm
-d
la; Familie Sommer und Jaffa < » ) in Heinebach
Naien entsprechend Anlage I, Jahreszahlen = Nennungen von Nanen und Hausnuniern.etc.
Susiann Isaac (9) : 1720, 1729, 1730, 1736, 1756/63 —
6 Kinder, eignen Lehrer, 9 Personen ani Tisch, Abgaben werden ih« um ein Drittel enäßigt
Meyer Susmann (9) : 1756/63, 1775, 1795 —
Josef Heyer (9) ; 1795
=4Josef [Heyer] Somer (9) ; 1829 CEdikt vo» 12.3.1812; Annah»e fester Faiiliennaaen]
a> lit Jüdel * Lösep
1834 «ohnt die yitwe des Josef Heyer Sonfner, Jüdel Loser, und dessen Söhne; Hoses, Abraha», ßaruch, Itzig
in Haus Nr. (9)
Hoses Sonner (9) ca, 1850,1900 Abrahai SoRitter II (33) um 1900
(Hetzger) (9) ("Josefs Sohn")
<» Mit Sarah * Rosenbauia
Baruch SoniMer (23) 1837
("Josefs Sohn")
(HandelsMann)
Itzig Sonaer (09)
Josef
nicht «>
(33)
I
Abraham SoBMer I (23) um 1900
«> Mit Minna ^ Jaffa
(Vitve Susnann in Haus)
I
* (?) BenjaMinin (?)Hedwig (?)Aron.(?).
-> Julie ^<» Mit JaMes Heilbrunn (5511)
. ' •
-a-
Ib; Familie Kaiser - in Heinebach -
Namen entsprechend Anlage I; Jahreszahlen = Nennungen von Nanen und frühere Hausnumern
Levi Isaac (41) :1716
Bruder von Susiani Isaac
Heyer Levi
(il) '1773
Leib Heyer (41) :1794
=4Leib Heyer Kaiser (41) ,..;1820 [Edikt von 12.3,1812; Annahne fester Faniliennanen]
I
Juda Kaiser (25) :1823 , 1850
<» nit Scheinchen * Levi (25) - (ziehen nach Nr. 20 uii)
I
Sanuel Kaiser (20) 1838, 1850 [gehört 1866 zu Vorstehern der jüdischen Gemeinde in Heinebach, gehört zu den Antragstellern
("Juda Sohn") für eine eigne einklassige Schule der jüdischen Gemeinde, das Gesuch vird von der
preußischen Regierung genehmigt, Abraham Nathan Jaffa, der Sohn von Aron Jaffa, Vorsänger und
Religionslehrer der jüdischen Gemeinde, unterrichtet als vollausgebildeter Lehrer alle
Fächer, einschließlich Religion und Hebräisch, von 1866-1872, Er geht dann von Heinebach
mit unbekannten Ziel weg, Sein Nachfolger ist Abraham Speier bis 1^12, vo dieser pensioniert
vird.]
Salomon Kaiser (20) 1900 f ? 4 ab 1900 Juda Salomo Kaiser (109) Vahrscheinlich gleiche Person
("Samuels Sohn")
danach
[Jonas Vallach (20)]
-1^-
Nach den Nachforschungen des verstorbenen Pfarrers A.Giebel
und Juda (James ) Heilbrunn, New York, konnten die
Schicksale ehemaliger Jüdischer Einwohner weitgehend geklärt
werden ~ [Hier Stand 19613 : :
Umgekommene:
1. Pferdehändler Isidor Katz und Ehefrau Frieda.
Zunächst nach Frankfurt/M. verzogen, dann nach dem Osten deportiert.
2. Viehhändler Jonas Wallach und Ehefrau Frieda.
3. Abraham Sommer I, und seine beiden Töchter Else und Irma wurden im
November 1941 nach dem Osten deportiert und sind umgekommen.
4. Minna Sommer, Witwe von Salomon Sommer, nach Theresienstadt deportiert.
5 Viehhändler Julius Sommer und Frau Lina, sowie Tochter Liesel wurden
nach dem Konzentrationslager Westerbruck in Holland deportiert, nachdem
sie vorher nach Holland ausgewandert waren. Sie sind im Lager Auschwitz
umgekommen.
6. Viehhändler Julius Wallach und Frau Goldine, sowie Tochter Marga wurden
ins Konzentrationslager Riga deportiert und sind dort
im November 1941 umgekommen.
7. Viehhändler Leopold Wallach und Ehefrau Gerdi, sowie Tochter Liesel nach
Riga deportiert und dort im November 1941 umgekommen.
Der Deportation entkommen:
1. Kaufmann Juda Heibrunn und Ehefrau Julchen, geborene Sommer, sowie
Tochter Herta.
Zunächst nach Frankfurt verzogen, von dort über Rußland, Korea und Japan im
Winter 1940 nach Amerika ausgewandert, über seine Reise berichtet er in
einem Brief vom 1.8.1950 an Pfarrer Giebel: "Obwohl dieses Korea für viele
ein unbekanntes land in Asien ist, so ist mir das Land bei unserer
Durchreise in 1940 etwas bekannt geworden. Wir sind mit der Bahn mehrere
Tage durch Korea gefahren und in der Hafenstadt Pusan, die Jetzt in den
Berichten sehr viel genannt wird, aufs Schiff nach Schimonoseki in Japan
gefahren und dann mit einem japanischen Schiff an die Westküste der USA
und danach in fünftägiger Bahnfahrt quer durch das ganze Land nach der
Ostküste in New York".
2. Aron Benjamin und Josef Sommer, seiner Frau Brüder, leben auch
in den USA.
3. Josef Sommer (Abrahams Josef genannt) lebt in den USA.
Seine Mutter ist inzwischen dort verstorben.
4. Digmund Sommer und Hilde Sommer, Kinder von Julius Sommer, leben in
Brasilien.
5. Baruch Katz nebst Frau und Kindern entkamen nach den USA.
6. Isidor und Ludwig Wallach, Söhne von Julius Wallach, sind im Staate
Israel; ihre Schwester Berta lebt in den USA.
7. Fritz Sommer, Sohn von Abraham Sommer II und seine Mutter Lina befinden
sich in Beifort in Frankreich
8. Die Kinder von Isidor Katz, und zwar Sally, Siegfried, Martin und Nelly.
9. Heinz Wallach, Sohn von Leopold Wallach, leben im Staate Israel.
(Max Kaiser, genannt Schmuhls Max, war seit 1925 in Düsseldorf tätig, lebte
dann in Israel und ist jetzt in den USA, wo drei Brüder und eine Schwester
von tk^ leben.) nach Pf r .Giebel
1
4 •
l^~
HESSISCHES STAATSARCHIV
MARBURQ
3550 Marburg, den ^6 .
FriedridispUiz 15
Telefon (06421) 25078
Juli 1988
Hess. Stidtsdrchiv, Pottfad) 540, 3550 Marburg
Herrn
Wilhelm Södler
Beim Kalkofen 8
6445 Alheim - Heinebach.
Tgb.Nr. Dipl. Archivarin List
Referent: Oberinspektorin
Bitte geben Sie bei Ihrer Aritwort
die Tagebudinummer dieses Schreibens anl
»■
Sehr geehrter Herr Södler!
Hinweise au
denen Li
lic
in verschie
Herrschaf t-
tzbriefen (Bestand 5
Jahrhundert) nicht er-
Zu dem Namen"Jaffa" konnten drei Einträge in den Protokollen
von Heinebach ermittelt werden:
Sterberegister "1849 Sept.. 25, beerdigt Sept. 27, Sarchen Jaffa
dahier, 84 Jahre alt, eine Ehefrau des verstorbenen Lehrers
Benjamin Jaffa.
Wohnte bei ihrem Sohne, Aaron Jaffa Lehrer zu Heinebach",
unterschrieben von "Jaffa, Vorsinger"
Sterberegister "1850 April 30, beerdigt Mai 2, Zigora geb. Jaffa
57 Jahre alt, Ehefrau des verstorbenen Lehrers Joseph Spiegel
aus Frankershausen ; war 14 Tage hier bei ihrem Bruder Aaron
Jaffa, Lehrer zu Heinebach", unterschrieben von Jaffa, Vorsinger".
Eheschließungen "1836 Nov. 16 Aaron Jaffa, Vorsänger und
Religionslehrer zu Heinebach, geboren am 7-ten August 1800,
verehelicht mit der Elle Hahn aus Rhina 26 Jahre alt, Sohn des
verstorbenen Vorsängers Benjamin Jaffa und dessen Ehefrau
Saara geb. Naphtali zu Baumbach, Tochter des Handelsmann
Meier Hahn und dessen Ehefrau Jättel geb. Hirsch zu Rhina",
unterschrieben von "Jaffa, Vorsinger".
Öffnungszeiten des Benutzersaals:
Montag bis Donnerstag 9.00 - 12.45 Uhr und 14.00 - 18.45 Uhr (Einlaß bis 16.30 Uhr). Freitag 9.00 - 12.45 und 14.00 - 16.15 Uhr
■■■»»
^■■F
IS
- 2 -
ti
'•'
Kinder sind leider nicht zu ermitteln, da k
register vorhanden sind; ebenso ist der Todestag d
Benjamin Jaffa nicht zu ermitteln, die Sterb
umfassen nur die Zeit von 1828-1851.
Den Scheck über 31.85 DM behalten wir als Auskunftsgebühr
ein.
eine Geburts-
es
eregister
Mit freundlichen Grüßen
i.A.
T— -•
I-
\
-«•^.
r i
n
--1 J ■ Hl
FAMILIES JAFFA AND SOMMER IN HEINEBACH
Translation of the letter and documents sent by Mr. Wilhelm Södler
Hauptlehrer i.R, , Am Kalkofen 8, 6445 ALHEIM-HEINEBACH, dated
19 Oc tober 1988
Dear Mr« Richter:
thank you very much i ndeed for your kind letter of 8 August 1988^
which I was very glad to receive. If I answer only today, it is because I was very
busy ^ in the past few weeks^ to get further source material. At first, all Inform-
ation was negative. I therefore tried something very different: I 1 ooked around for
documenta tio n concerning the house owners of the 19th Century.
Although I have long been occupied with local history^ this matter
became for me a detective's projecto When s tudied properly^ the relationship of the
house owners (or tenants) can be revealed^ with some tenacious effort, so that a picture
of the families and the relation among the residents can be ascertained. Occasionally,
the relationships are actually revealed in notes. At o ther times, the name of the father
of the occupation, or the name of the wife with her maidenname may be mentioned.
MINNA JAFFA married ABRAHAM SOMMER I. Both are named about 1900.
ABRAHAM SOMMER is the owner of House # 23. The previous owner, BARUCH SOMMER,
is surely his father. At first, he is mentinned as Joseph's Sohn (son of Joseph). This
JOSEPH (SOMMER) lived In # 9 andis most likely the father of BARUCHe The record of
House # 9 relates the effect of Jerome Napoleon's introduction of permanent family names
for Jews (between 1806 and 1812). (J,N. was the King of Westphalia, installed of course
by his brother Napoleon I, reigned from his capital, Kassel, and is usually refered to as
Jerome Buonaparte (the family name of the brothers from the time of their birth in Corsica).
It Shows that JOSEPH SOMMER tried to continue the old custom and retained his father's
first name: thus, Joseph (ben) Meyer became Joseph Meyer Sommer«
This MEYER was on record in Heinbach as MEYER SUSMANN, and was owner of
#9. We also find a SUSSMANN ISAAK, and a LEVI ISAAK, no doubt brothers and sons of
their father ISAAK. There is not much danger of error in these assumptions since in their
time (1716/70) there were only 2 or 3 Jewish families in Heinebach. The first SCHUTZJUDE
(Protected or Tolerated Jew with a highly-valued right to permanent residence) was named
In 1678 as jÖSTCHEN("Little Jost"), who paid taxes - but who then disappears from the recorj
Only SUSSMANN ISAAK and LEVI ISAAK remain on the records. After their appearance in the
records, there is a growth of Jewish families and the creation of a Congregation. From
LEVI ISAAK came the family KAISER, from Sussmann the family SOMMER.
-2-
In 1736 Sussmann requested a reductlon of his annual "protection tax, "
and In hls letter he mentions that he lives in Heinebach and is able to feed himself
only miserably (the German term he used means "sourly"). The Good Lord had glven
himsix chlldren, for whom he Is obliged to keep (and pay for) a schoolmaster, which
obliges hlm to feed nine persons daily. The "Rentmeister Wille" of Spangenberg (a
wellknown llttle town nearby) certlfied that he is of good moral character, but that his
trade and occupatlon is marginal , so that he has great dlfflculty to support his family
In consideration of these condiüons, hls annual protection fee was lowered by one-thii-d
by Order of the Rentkammer in Kassel (The Rentkammer was the TRS of the state of Hesse-
Kassel, a duchy, later a grand-duchy, before Jerome was replacing the Incumbent Grand-
duke) After that decislon, Sussmann paid only 8 Thaler, 10 Albus and 8 Heller annually
LEVI ISAAK paid 12 Thaler, 16 Albus annually. The name of the teacher Is not glven
In 1800 there is a record showing that the Jewlsh Community had Its own cantor
who was BENJAMIN JAFFA of Baumbach. He was In that Office probably already before '
1800. He was followed by hls son ARON JAFFA, who was also the school teacher untll
1866. He lived In the house numbered 100 (see foto # ], on the left) There was a courtyard
behlnd it and a barn, and the house Itself is as beautlful as the others, although the old
wooden beams have been covered with Eternit plates (don't know what that is JHR)
Up to 1836, the schoolmaster ARON JAFFA is llsted as the owner, after which the house
changed hands. In 1843, the Jewlsh Community bought the House # 86, which contalned
soon the synagogue and the school. Around it stood the homes of other owners, but in 1845
another resldence with a barn was purchased drectly next to # 85, which was sold by
the Community toward the end of the Century because It was no longer needed, slnce in
# 86 there was an apartment for the teacher and cantor. The property Included a garden
apparently a llttle distant from the houses. Foto # 2 shows what the house looks like '
TODAY. Thls was the scene of actlvity of ARON JAFFA, who impressed me as havlng been
a "sympathetic person, " aside from the fact that hls blrthday and mine fall on the same
day.
Foto #3 shows once more the synagogue, somewhat obscured by a flr-tree.
Foto # 4 glves you a vlew toward the vlllage of Heinebach, To the IsFt of the shreet'was
the formv/er synagogue.
BAUMBACH: Today called Alheim-Baumbach, about which I was unable to find out
very much. Mayor Ritter, who has been most helpful, was unable to find any documentation
and my enqulry at the State archlves In Marburg recelved no positive tnformatlon. It seems
certaln that Baumbach had no synagogue. The center of Jewish actlvity was HEIMBACH
The dead were burled in the cemetery in BOSFORTH, and the undertaker's carriage was '
kept at the home of ABRAHAM SOMMER II and JOSEF SOMMER.
-3-
I found the name GOLDSCHMIDT onl/ oncö, in connecUon wlth House # 40.
There is today a famlly named Goldschmeeds , whlch name T was able to trace back-
ward for 200 years, but I found no GOLDSHCMIDT. It Is of course possible that a
famlly GOLDSCHMIDT had no home of its own and llved as tenants. In SPANGENBERG i
there seems to have been a famlly GOLDSCHMIDT, The name LEONORE JAFFA GOLDSCHMIDI
did not come to llght during my research. There were, however^ connections between
HEINEBACH and SPANGENBERG, (see # 81). Under # 40, we found SANNCHEN GOLDSCHMID]
perhaps a sister of Leonore. LEONORE named her daughter ELLEN, very Ukely after her own
mother-ln-law (Elle)« The relatlonshlps appear to be qulte close.
I hope my report will be of asslstance to you^as well as the fotographs. A record
like a register of persons exists only for about the last 100 years. One flnds more names
In the tax records and in the property (real estate) records. The records more useful for
genealogical research would be the lists of births, marriages and deaths kept by each
religious Community (generally, Germany had no public vital staüstics records untll 1874(!).
Mr. Heilbrunn was a smart man, who recognized the danger Signals at an early time.
Just as did my father. It is possible that Mr. Heilbrunn copied Information from the*
synagogue book (the congregational records of Jews in Heimbach) , and that he was able
to take his copies with him. I do know that in Heinebach two Torah scrolls were saved,
which eventually were sent to Mr. Heilbrunn in New York. That I know from the late
Pastor Giebel, who was in close contact with Mr. Heilbrunn.
You speak in your letter of the sorrowful events of the years of persecution of Jews,
and that nobody wants to be reminded - or wants to remember what he knows. Of the former
Community of Heinebach, not a Single Jew survived. I surely agree that nobody is partlcular-
ly anxious to remind himself of those times, but also that one cannot deny them by total
silence. I have been a witness to those times as a little boy, I saw how the SA (the
general party Organization* s uniformed army) entered the church in the middle of a service
held by my father, because he had given a "prohibited" sermon in a neighboring village.
That sermon had the title:"Direct your mind toward the kingdom of God and his justice"
and it gained a special importance for my own life..
In those days we lived in a village near Alsfeld. My father' s parish included
seven small communities. He was well respected and the people of his communities were
most loyal parisheners. In a letter to my father, dated 15 May 1934, an SA "Storm Leader"
(rank of a low-ranking SA officer) wrote:
On the basis of my last dscussion with you, and with regard to your Services
held last Sunday, the SA finds itself obliged to refrain from attending your Services in
the future. You will understand that the SA cannot possibly come l:o Services conducted
by a pastor whois unable to give the salute "Heil Hitler" with inner conviction, and is
prepared to go rather to Osthofen than to offer "Heil Hitler" as a salute. I think that you
are not fuUy aware of the consequences of your Statements^ and I beg you to reconsider
these matters most carefully. I reserve any further action. . .
Signed: The leader of Storm # 15/254, Grünewald, Sturmführer. Naumann, "Rottenführe
Thls man was also a police official, and would appear in public sometimes in his
police uniform, and at other times, in his party uniform. Any resistance was beaten down
mercilessly.
-4-
By the time I was eight years old I was an orphan. I sUll remember the searches
made In our home and the threatenlng letters ^ In which my father was remlnded of
the concentration camps Dachau and Osthofen. I still have some of those letters In
my pos Session. I remember how my parents and grandparents helped a Jewish
family, friends of ours, to emigrate just in time to South America, and I have letters
received from them after the war in which they enquired about our life and health.
lalso remember very well how my mother commanded me to be sllent when we visited
this or that family under the cover of darkness.
After the war, I was asked to teil about those events, the connections and -meanlng
of which I could not.comprehend as a child - yet I said "the revenge is mine, says
the Lord". And that is what happened afterwards. ~ Even today I try to comprehend
the things I witnessed and remember, and the notes and records made by my father,
and the prayers of my mother (which she wrote down) do give me a certain insight into
that past, but of course they cannot explain all the circumstances and the situations
of these Ümes, and I doubt I will ever be able to understand them completely.
Time marched on. Many of those who lived through (the Nazi years) really did not
know much, they probably guessed at the fate of those who did not return. The
Crystal Night (November 9/10,1938) opened the eyes of many, and not long thereafter
caeie the war. One was told "they emigrated." Others may well have known better, but
they J^ept silent, they were afraid. Others helped silently. The immensity and terrofying
truth was discovered only at the end of the war, because the extermination of human
beings in that horrifying manner was kept like a top-level secret. Thls was assured
by the perfectly coordinated Propaganda - in a time when nobody trusted anyone.
What kind of "men", of human beings could it have been who could plan such terri-
ble events in cold blood and carry them out? I have read a great deal about it and thought
much about it. It seems these were "human beings" with a partially-suspended
realization of Injustice, people with a one-track, one-dimensional thought, and an
acquired fanaticism, who loudly protested their innocence - and indeed feit innocent
- which has been amply proven during the Nuremberg trials. They were not guilty be-
cause they only did what their camp Commander (or superiors in the govemment or the
party organizations) had ordered them to do. They were always friendly to everybody and
feit themselves to be innocent. . .
As one keeps thinking, one realizes that what happened in those days (nearly 50
years ago) can happen to a smaller or greater degree anywhere eise in the world, in
one form or another. An American movie, with a setting of a class of boys in an
elementary (or high) school, presented the issue in frightening ways. Those who refuse
to face the past and to consider these problems contribute little or nothing to the peace
of the world. We will have to ask forever: how was Auschwitz possible?
(In my view) such situations can arise only where human and ethical values and the
Word of God is disregarded and is crushed by political and ideological fanaticism.
That is the reason why there always have to be people who adher to human and ethical
values, and listen to the word of God, who respect and defend the basic rights of a
free State Constitution - which they teach and give expression to , knowing of their
responsibility before God and manklnd.
tf«*'
-5-
of Thl'tod."" "' '°" '"""^ °""= ™=- '°'- '"^ ^=' °f --'^*,„g and ,he blasslngs
Wlth kindest regards
Yours W. Södler.
The text Is very simple and needs no translation, in house # S"^ )Ur^^ t. ^= /t a
Hellbrunn listed as the last President of the Helneb^ch con'ega lo^Thlfjuda^^^^^^^^^
be a grandson of the earlier Juda Hellbrunn who owned # 55 hyim ^ "
SPANGENBERG:' Thls Is a small town whlch belonged to the von Spangenberg famllv for
n..r. y.-^'^ ^""^ 9 contaln records which, I thlnk , are based on mostly Information I
gave him, except for the notes on the house ownershlps, which W.S. added
P.IO has the Invaluable new Information on the descendents of ISAAK which will Pn;,Kio
US to trace later famlly connecüons. At the head of thls page {aNI^GE I) it readsT
HEINEBACH: Jewlsh famlly names according to house numbers, basic Information from
"so to^'847/5T. "'"'''' '° ''' descnpuons (in th; real estate'^cords! o"
' Tw;l'sTnTh.''i ''^^''i "^'^^^^^^^ -^th the homes, and the shares of home
owners in the communal property use at about 1900
m!! °^ fo;;mer house owners (old acnd new house numbers (these are from 1938)
admlnlstered by the town of Alheim, and the name Alheim added to that of
the former name thus Alheim-Helnebach. House numbers were changed re-
peatedly (after 1938), so were some street names. cnangea re
Page 11 is the new genealogy for the JAFFA and SOMMER famllies based on the records of
home ownerships slnce 1720. recoras ot
""^^ " '1bm™mV^hTI''pV.''°'^ '"'. r^ ""^'^ '*""^^ »»'SER (20). It mentlons
AtSKA HA M NATHAN JAFFA, son of ARON.
3
4
-6-
Page 13 will Interest you because it gives the Status, as of 1951, of the fate of
former Jewish residents of Heinebach, as recorded by pastor Giebel and James
Heilbrunn. I have translated it since I am sure you will find some of the data
useful.
2.
3.
4.
5,
Those who perished:
1. Horse dealer ISIDOR KATZ and wife FRIEDA.
They had moved to Frankfurt am Malnaid were deported to the East (Poland)
Cattle dealer JONAS WALLACH and wife FRIEDA;
ABRAHAM SOMMER and his two daughters, ELSE and IRMA, were deported to the
East in November of 1941 and did not return;
MINNA SOMMER, widow of SALOMON SOMMER, deported to Theresienstadt;
Cattle dealer JULIUS SOMMER and wife LINA, and daughter LIESEL were
deported to the concentration camp Westerbork in Holland, having emigrated to
the Netherlands previously. They died in Auschwitz.
(Westerbork was the collecüon point for (mostly) German refugees who had
etnigrated to the Netherlands prior to the Invasion by the Nazis in 1940. It
was not a camp for "permanent" imprlsonment but rather a Station on the way
to deportatlon. A large number of Dutch Jews were also imprisoned here, and
many were deported from there, JHR)
Cattle dealer JULIUS WALLACH and wife GOLDINA, and daughter MARGA. They
were deported to Riga In November of 1941 and died there.
Cattle dealer LEOPOLD WALLACH and wife GERDI and daughter LIESEL, also
killed in Riga after their deportatlon in November 1941.
6.
7.
Those who were saved:
1. The merchant JUDA HEILBRUNN and wife JULCHEN nee SOMMER, and daughter HERTA J
They flrst moved to Frankfurt am Main, and thenvia Russia, Korea and Japan to
America (Winter of 1940). In a letter to pastor Giebel, dated 1 August 1950, Mr.
Heilbrunn wrote as follows;
Although this Korea is an unknown country in Asis for
many, I became acquainted a little with it. We traveled by train for several days
to Pusanv which is now much in the news, and from there with a ship to Shlmono-
seki, Japan. From there we crossed the Pacific on a Japanese ship to the west
coast of (America), and then by train , in five days, we crossed the continent to
reach New York.
ARON BENJAMIN and JOSEF SOMMER, the brother of his wife, live also in the USA.
JOSEF SOMMER (called ABRAHAMS JOSEF) also lives in the IS A. His mother died there.
SIGMUND SOMMER and HILDE SOMMER, children of JULIUS SOMMER, live in Brazil.
BARUCH KATZ with wife and children got away to the USA.
ISIDOR and LUDWIG WALLACH, sons of JULIUS WALLACH are in Israel. Their sister
BERTHA is in the US.
7. FRITZ SOMMER, son of ABRAHAM SOMMER II and his wife LINA live in Beifort, France.
8. The children of ISIDOR KATZ (SALLY, SIEGFRIED, MARTIN, NE LLY) (live in Israel) .,
9. HEINZ WALLACH, son of LEOPOLD WALLACH, lives in Israel.
(Max KAISER, called SCHMUHL'S MAX) was working in Duesseldorf since 1925, moved
to Israel and then to the US, where he has living three brothers and a sister,, according
to pastor G'iebel.)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
-7-
pp. 14-15 contain a letter to W.S„ , from the Hessian State Archives (Archivist List)
of July 26, 1988:
The name of JAFFA appears in three records in the protokols of Heinebach:
Deaths, on 25 Sept 1849, burial 27 Sept. SARCHEN JAFFA, livedhere, 84 years old,
wife of the late teacher BENJAMIN JAFFA. Lived with her son
AARON JAFFA, teacher In Heinebach. Signed JAFFA, cantor.
Deaths, 30 Apr 1850, burial 2 May: ZIGORA nee JAFFA, 57 years old, wife of the late
teacher JOSEPH SPIEGEL of Frankershausen, was here for 14
days with her brother ARON JAFFA, teacher in Heinebach.
Signed JAFFA, cantor.
Marriages, 16 Nov 1835 AARON JAFFA, cantor and teacher of religion in Heinebach,
born 7 Aug 1800, husband of ELLE HAHN of RHINA,26 years old,
son of the late cantor BENJAMIN JAFFA and his wife SAARA
nee NAPHTALI In Baumbach, daughter of the merchant MEIER
HAHN and his wife JÜTTEL nee HIRSCH in Rhina .
Signed JAFFA, cantor.
Unfortunately, children do not appear in the records, since there exist no registers of
births, the date of death for BENJAMIN JAFFA isnot dlscoverable since we have deaths
records only for the period 1828 to 1851 •
(We retain the check for 3L85DM as the fee for the Information transmitted.)
'.»
/
HEINEBACH (#1) The In the House # 100 (flrst on the left) lived the teacher and
cantor ARON JAFFA from (or by) 1836 until 1842 or 1845, when he
moved into the apartment above the Synagogue (House # 86).
(Thls ia a view from the garden in the back of the houses. The
front has the same klnd of decoratlon with wooden beams as the
house in the center and that to its right.
öynagogue
HEINEBACH (#2) 1988 Foto of the Synagogue, with resldence, adjecent building and
garden. The house on the left (the Synagogue) had the old number 86.
HEINEBACH (#3) The House #8 6: The Synagogue ( to the right of the fir-tree^
HEINEBACH (#4) View of the Villa ge
A.
/
FAMILIES JAFFA AND SOMMER IN HEINEBACH
Translation of the letter and documents sent by Tvfr. Wilhelm Södler
Hauptlehrer l.R,, Am Kalkofen 8, 6445 ALHEIM-HEINEBACH, dated
19 October 1988
Dear Mr« Richter:
thank you very much Indeed for your kind letter of 8 August 1988,
which I was very g lad to recelve. If I answer only today, it is because I was very
busy , In the past few weeks, to get further source materlal. At flrst, all Inform-
ation was negative, I therefore trled something very dlfferent: I 1 ooked around for
documenta tlon concerning the house o wners of the 19th Century.
Although I have long been occupied with local history, this matter
became for me a detective's project» When studied properly, the relationshlp of the
house owners (or tenants) can be revealed, with some tenacious effort, so that a picture
of the familles and the relatlon among the residents can be ascertained. Occasionally,
the relationships are actually revealed in notes. At other times, the name of the father
of the occupation, or the name of the wife with her maidenname may be mentioned.
MINNA JAFFA married ABRAHAM SOMMER I. Both are named about 1900.
ABRAHAM SOMMER is the owner of House # 23. The previous owner, BARUCH SOMMER,
Is surely hls father. At first, he is mentioned as Joseph's Sohn (son of Joseph). Thls '
JOSEPH (SOMMER) lived In # 9 andis most Ukely the father of BARUCH» The record of
House # 9 relates the effect of Jerome Napoleon's introduction of permanent famlly names
for Jews (between 1806 and 1812). (J,N. was the King of Westphalia, installed of course
by his brother Napoleon I, reigned from hls capital, Kassel, and is usually refered to as
Jerome Buonaparte (the famlly name of the brothers from the time of their birth in Corsica).
It Shows that JOSEPH SOMMER trled to continue the old custom and retained his father's
flrst name: thus, Joseph (ben) Meyer became Joseph Meyer Sommer.
Thls MEYER was on record in Heinbach as MEYER SUSMANN, and was owner of
#9. We also find a SUSSMANN ISAAK, and a LEVI ISAAK, no doubt brothers and sons of
their father ISAAK. There is not much danger of error in these assumptlons since in their
time (1716/70) there were only 2 or 3 Jewish familles in Heinebach. The flrst SCHUTZJUDE
(Protected or Tolerated Jew with a highly-valued right to permanent residence) was named
In 1678 as JOSTCHEN("Little Jost"), who paid taxes - but who then disappears from the recorc
Only SUSSMANN ISAAK and LEVI ISAAK remain on the records. After their appearance in the
records, there is a growth of Jewish familles and the creation of a Congregation. From
LEVI ISAAK came the family KAISER, from Sussmann the famlly SOMMER.
-2-
In 1736 Sussmann requested a reductlon of his annual "protection tax,"
and In hls letter he mentlons that he lives in Heine bach and is able to feed himself
only mlserably (the German term he used means "sourly"). The Good Lord had given
himsix chlldren, for whom he is obliged to keep (and pay for) a schoolmaster, which
obliges hlm to feed nine persons daily. The "Rentmeister Wille" of Spangenberg (a
wellknown llttle town nearby) certifled that he is of good moral character, but that hls
trade and occupatlon is marginal , so that he has great dlfficulty to support his family.
In consideration of these condltlons, his annual protection fee was lowered by one-third,
by Order of the Rentkammer in Kassel (The Rentkammer was the IRS of the State of Hesse-
Kassel, a duchy, later a grand-duchy, before Jerome was replaci'ng the Incumbent Grand-
duke) . After that declslon, Sussmann paid only 8 Thaler, 10 Albus and 8 Heller annually.
LEVI ISAAK paid 12 Thaler, 16 Albus annually, The name of the teacher is not given.
In 1800 there is a record showing that the Jewish Community had Its own cantor,
who was BENJAMIN JAFFA of Baumbach. He was in that Office probably already before
1800. He was followed by hls son ARON JAFFA, who was also the school teacher until
1866. He lived in the house numbered 100 (see feto # ], on the left) There was a courtyard
behind It and a barn, and the house Itself is as beautiful as the others, although the old
wooden beams have been covered with Eternit pLites (don't know what that ls,JHR).
Up to 1836, the schoolmaster ARON JAFFA is Usted as the owner, after which the house
changed hands. In 1843, the Jewish Community bought the House # 86, which contalned
soon the synagogue and the school. Around it stood the homes of other owners, but in 1845,
another residence with a barn was purchased drectly next to # 86, which was sold by
the Community toward the end of the Century because It was no longer needed, slnce in
# 86 there was an apartment for the teacher and cantor. The property included a garden,
apparently a little distant from the houses. Foto # 2 shows what the house looks like '
TODAY. This was the scene of acüvity of ARON JAFFA, who Impressed me as having been
a "sympathetlc person," aslde from the fact that his birthday and mine fall on the same
day.
Foto #3 shows once more the synagogue, somewhat obscured by a fir-tree.
Foto # 4 gives you a view toward the village of Heinebach, To the Isft of the sfreet was
the formv/er synagogue.
BAUMBACH: Today called Alheim-Baumbach, about which I was unable to find out
very mach. Mayor Ritter, who has been most helpful, was unable to find any documentaüon,
and my enquiry at the State archlves in Marburg received no positive rnf orma ':i on . It seems
certain that Baumbach had no synagogue. The center of Jewish activity was HEIMBACH.
The dead were buried in the cemetery in BOSFORTH, and the undertaker's carriage was
kept at the home of ABRAHAM SOMMER II and JOSEF SOMMER.
-3-
I found the name GOLDSCHMIDT onl/ onca, in connectlon with House # 40.
There is today a famlly named Goldschmeeds , whlch name I was able to trace back-
ward for 200 years, but I found no GOLDSHCMIDT. It is of course possible that a
famlly GOLDSCHMIDT had no home of its own and llved as tenants. In SPANGENBERG
there seems to have been a famlly GOLDSCHMIDT, The name LEONORE JAFFA GOLDSCHMIDI
did not come to llght during my research. There were^ however^ connections between
HEINEBACH and SPANGENBERG, (see # 81). Under # 40, we found SANNCHEN GOLDSCHMID]
perhaps a sister of Leonore. LEONORE named her daughter ELLEN, very Ukely after her own
mother-in-law (Elle). The relationships appear to be quite close.
I hope my report will be of assistance to you^as well as the fotographs. A record
like a register of persons exists only for about the last 100 years. One finds more names
in the tax records and in the property (real estate) records. The records more useful for
genealogical research would be the lists of births, marriages and deaths kept by each
religious Community (generally, Germany had no public vital statistics records until 1874(!).
Mr. Heilbrunn was a smart man, who recognized the danger Signals at an early time.
Just as did my father. It is possible that Mr. Heilbrunn copied Information from the
synagogue book (the congregational records of Jews in Heimbach) , and that he was able
to take his copies with him. I do know that in Heinebach two Torah scrolls were saved,
which eventually were sent to Mr. Heilbrunn in New York. That I know from the late
Pastor Giebel, who was in close contact with Mr. Heilbrunn.
You speak in your letter of the sorrowful events of the years of persecution of Jews,
and that nobody wants to be reminded - or wants to remember what he knows. Of the former
Community of Heinebach, not a Single Jew survived. I surely agree that nobody is particular-
ly anxlous to remind himself of those times, but also that one cannot deny them by total
silence. I have been a wltness to those times as a little boy, I saw how the SA (the
general party Organization' s uniformed army) entered the church in the middle of a service
held by my father, because he had given a "prohibited" sermon in a neighboring village.
That sermon had the title:"Direct your mind toward the kingdom of God and his justice"
and it gained a special importance for my own life.
In those days we lived in a village near Alsfeld. My father's parish included
seven small communitles. He was well respected and the people of his communities were
most loyal parisheners. In a letter to my father, dated 15 May 1934, an SA "Storm Leader"
(rank of a low-ranking SA officer) wrote:
On the basis of my last dscussion with you, and with regard to your Services
held last Sunday, the SA finds itself obllged to refrain from attending your Services in
the future. You will understand that the SA cannot possibly come to Services conducted
by a pastor whois unable to give the salute "Heil Hitler" with inner conviction, and is
prepared to go rather to Osthofen than to offer "Heil Hitler" as a salute. T think that you
are not fully aware of the consequences of your Statements, and I beg you to reconsider
these matters most carefully. I reserve any further action. . .
Signed: The leader of Storm # 15/254, Grünewald, Sturmführer. Naumann, "Rottenführe
Thls man was also a police official, and would appear in public sometimes in his
police uniform, and at other times, in his party uniform. Any resistance was beaten down
mercilessly.
-4-
By the time I was eight years old I was an orphan. I sÜll remember the searches
made In our home and the threatenlng letters ^ In which my father was remlnded of
the concentration camps Dachau and Osthofen. I still have some of those letters In
my possesslon. I remember how my parents and grandparents helped a Jewlsh
family^ frlends of ours^ to emigrate just in time to South America^ and I have letters
received from them after the war in which they enquired about our life and health.
lalso remember very well how my mother commanded me to be silent when we vlsited
this or that family under the cover of darkness.
After the war, I was asked to teil about those events, the connections and Tneaning
of which I could not,compi-ehend as a child - yet I said "the revenge is mine, says
the Lord". And that is what happened afterwards. — Even today I try to comprehend
the things I witnessed and remember, and the notes and records made by my father,
and the prayers of my mother (which she wrote down) do give me a certain insight into
that past, but of course they cannot explain all the circumstances and the situatlons
of these times, and I doubt I v/111 ever be able to understand them completely.
Time marched on. Many of those who lived through (the Nazi years) really did not
know much, they probably guessed at the fate of those who did not return. The
Crystal Night (November 9/10,1938) opened the eyes of many, and not long thereafter
caeie the war. One was told "they emigrated." Others may well have known better, but
they hepX silent, they were afraid. Others helped silently. The immensity and terrofying
truth was discovered only at the end of the war, because the extermination of human
beings in that horrifying manner was kept like a top-level secret. Thls was assured
by the perfectly coordinated Propaganda - in a time when nobody trusted anyone.
What kind of "men", of human beings could it have been who could plan such terri-
ble events in cold blood and carry them out? I have read a great deal about it and thought|
much about it. It seems these were "human beings" with a partially-suspended
realization of Injustice, people with a one-track, one-dimensional thought, and an
acquired fanatlcism, who loudly protested thelr innocence - and indeed feit innocent
- which has been amply proven during the Nuremberg trials. They were not guilty be-
cause they only did what their camp Commander (or superiors in the govemment or the
party organizations) had ordered them to do. They were always friendly to everybody and
feit themselves to be innocent.
• •
As one keeps thinking, one realizes that what happened in those days (nearly 50
years ago) can happen to a smaller or greater degree anywhere eise in the world, in
one form or another. An American movie, with a setting of a class of boys in an
elementary (or high) school, presented the issue in frightening ways. Those who refuse
to face the past and to consider these problems contribute little or nothing to the peace
of the world. We will have to ask forever: how was Auschwitz posslble?
(In my view) such situations can arise only where human and ethical values and the
Word of God is disregarded and is crushed by political and ideological fanaticism.
That is the reason why there always have to be people who adher to human and ethical
values, and listen to the word of God, who respect and defend the basic rights of a
free State Constitution - which they teach and give expression to , knowing of their
responsibility before God and mankind.
-s
MM
mm
of ThfLord.''°" '""^ ''''"'' ^""^^"^ °''^' "'''''^ ^°^' '^^ ^^'* °^ everythlng and the blassings
With kindest regards
Yours W. Södler.
Page 6 Is a prlntout prepared by Mr. Södler on the basls of his study of the own^r.hi«
Uvedr:s' te'^r'r''^' ^T ^°'^°"^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^° ^^- (houses ^h Lh ther^y^h^^
Uved In as tenants are not llsted, only those they owned) .
The text is very simple and needs no translation, in house # 55 Uved Juda (James)
Heilbrunn llsted as the last President of the Heinebach congregatlon This Juda mus
be a grandsDn of the earlier Juda Hellbrunn who owned # 55 by ?818
SPANGENBERG: This is a small town whlch belonged to the von Spangenberg family for
virtually centuries. I am going to check whether there are any records of a JevSsh
congregatlon, and psssibly records for people related to the Helneb^ch famiUel of inter-
cord har;om"; 7 ''''ir''? '^'' *'" ''"^^^^ ^- -^ --Pl-te, but even a ^rüa e
neatly ^"^^^^^lon of posslble value, so it is nlce to have it presentS here so
P.8 and 9 contaln records which, I thlnk , are based on mostly Information I
gave him, except for the notes on the house ownerships, which W.S. added.
u;\V'^ace ^litTl^^n' "'" ^"^°™^«°" ^^ the descendents of ISAAK, whlch will enable
US to trace later family connections. At the head of this page (ANLAGE I) it reads:
HEINEBACH: Jewish family names according to house numbers, basic Information from
^T^SO '0^847/57 ^'^'^^'^"^ *° ^^^ descriptlons (in the real estate records) of
2 records of grazing rights connected with the homes, and the shares of home
owners in the communal property use at about 1900
List of former house owners (old adid new house numbers (these are from 1938)
Notes takenby the late pastor Giebel, etc. In 1972, ten communities were
admimstered by the town of Alheim, and the name Alheim added to that of
the former name, thus Alheim-Heinebach. House numbers were changed re-
peatedly (after 1938), so were some street names.
Page 11 is the new genealogy for the JAFFA and SOMMER families based on the records of
home ownerships since 1720.
page 12 is the same for KAISER. Note the entry under SAMUEL KAISER (20) It menüons
ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA, son of ARON. mentions
3
4
-6-
Patge 13 will interest you because it gives the Status, as of 1951^ of the fate of
former Jewish residents of Heinebach, as recorded by pastor Giebel and James
Heilbrunn. I have translated It since I am sure you will find some of the data
useful.
Those who perished:
1. Horse dealer ISIDOR KATZ and wlfe FRIEDA.
They had moved to Frankfurt am Main and were deported to the Fast (Poland)
2. Cattle dealer JONAS WALLACH and wlfe FRIEDA;
3. ABRAHAM SOMMER and hls two daughters, ELSE and IRMA, were deported to the
East In November of 1941 and did not return;
4. MINNA SOMMER, wldow of SALOMON SOMMER, deported to Theresienstadt;
5. Cattle dealer JULIUS SOMMER and wlfe LINA, and daughter LIESEL were
deported to the concentratlon camp Westerbork In Holland, having emlgrated to
the Netherlands prevlously. They died in Auschwitz.
(Westerbork was the collectlon polnt for (mostly) German refugees who had
etnigrated to the Nether lands prior to the Invasion by the Nazis In 1940, It
was not a camp for "permanent" Imprlsonment but rather a Station on the way
to deportatlon. A large number of Dutch Jews were also Imprlsoned here, and
many were deported from there. JHR)
6. Cattle dealer JULIUS WALLACH and wlfe GOLDINA, and daughter MARGA. They
were deported to Riga In November of 1941 and died there.
7. Cattle dealer LEOPOLD WALLACH and wlfe GERDI and daughter LIESEL, also
killed in Riga after their deportatlon In November 1941.
Those who were saved:
1. The merchant JUDA HEILBRUNN and wlfe JULCHEN nee SOMMER, and daughter HERTA
They flrst moved to Frankfurt am Main, and thenvla Russia, Korea and Japan to
America (Winter of 1940) . In a letter to pastor Giebel, dated 1 August 1950, Mr.
Heilbrunn wrote as follows:
Although this Korea is an unknown country in Asis for
many, I became acquainted a little wlth lt. We traveled by train for several days
to Pusanv whlch is now much in the news, and from there wlth a shlp to Shlmono-
seki, Japan. From there we crossed the Pacific on a Japanese shlp to the west
coast of (America), and then by train , in five days, we crossed the continent to
reach New York.
2. ARON BENJAMIN and JOSEF SOMMER, the brother of his wife, live also in the USA.
3* JOSEF SOMMER (called ABRAHAMS JOSEF) also lives in the IS A. His mother died there J
4. SIGMUND SOMMER and HILDE SOMMER, children of JULIUS SOMMER, live in BraziK
5. BARUCH KATZ wlth wlfe and children got away to the USA.
6. ISIDOR and LUDWIG WALLACH, sons of JULIUS WALLACH are in Israel. Thelr sister
BERTHA is in the US.
7. FRITZ SOMMER, son of ABRAHAM SOMMER II and his wlfe LINA live in Beifort, France.|
8. The children of ISIDOR KATZ (SALLY, SIEGFRIED, MARTIN, NE LLY) (live in Israel) ^
9. HEINZ WALLACH, son of LEOPOLD WALLACH, lives in Israel.
(Max KAISER, called SCHMUHL'S MAX) was working in Duesseldorf since 1925, moved
to Israel and then to the US, where he has livlng three brothers and a sister,, accordlng
to pastor Gdebel.)
-7-
pp. 14-15 contain a letter to W.S,', from the Hessian State Archives (Archivist List)
of July 26, 1988:
The name of JAFFA appears in three records in the protokols of Heinebach:
Deaths, on 25 Sept 1849, burial 27 Sept. SARCHEN JAFFA, llved here, 84 years old,
wife of the late teacher BENJAMIN JAFFA. Lived with her son
AARON JAFFA, teacher in Heinebach. Signed JAFFA, cantor.
Deaths, 30 Apr 1850, burial 2 May: ZIGORA nee JAFFA, 57 years old, wife of the late
teacher JOSEPH SPIEGEL of Frankershausen, was here for 14
days with her brother ARON JAFFA, teacher in Heinebach.
Signed JAFFA, cantor.
Marriages, 16 Nov 1835 AARON JAFFA, caator and teacher of religion in Heinebach,
born 7 Aug 1800, husband of ELLE HAHN of RHINA,25 years old,
son of the late cantor BENJAMIN JAFFA and his wife SAARA
nee NAPHTALI in Baumbach, daughter of the merchant MEIER
HAHN and his wife JÜTTEL nee HIRSCH in Rhina.
Signed JAFFA, cantor.
Unfortunately, children do not appear in the records, since there exist no registers of
births, the date of death for BENJAMIN JAFFA isnot dlscoverable since we have deaths
records only for the period 1828 to 1851.
(We retain the check for 31.85DM as the fee for the information transmitted.)
Nftisser TTaffA
CjU>r4UoI
Rr576
0AFi5t
i
9j-i7fs
i3ESCENDANTS OF BENJAMIN JAFFA
16 Sep 88
6REAT
6(«AT GREAT
GRAND GRAND GRAND
PERSON CHILDREN CHILDREN CHILDREN CHILDREN
• i t I
BENJAMIN JAFFA
SEX: M
B: 1769 e HEINEBACH, GER
M; TO SARA (SARCHEN) NAPHTALI i BAl*IBACH
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GREAT
GRAND
GRAND
GRAND
CHILDREN
CHILDREN
CHILDREN
•
1
1
2 Ch
OCC:
Idren
CANTOR
AARON JAFFA
SEX: M
B: 07 Aug 1800 i ^INEBACH, GER
M: 16 Nov 1836 TO ELLE HAHN « HEINEBACH
D: 18 Nov 1882 6 HEINEBACH
7 Chi Idren
OCC: CANTOR i TEACHER
MQTHER: SARA (SARCHEN) NAPHTALI
SÖLOMON H. JAFFA
SEX: H
B: 1850 « HEINEBACH, GER
«: 14 Mar 1880 TO ELEONORA GOLDSMITH g PA
D: Ol Dec 1941 # LAS VEGAS, NM
2 Children
— ;^BUR: TRINIDAD
OCC: Dftr 600DS MERCWNT/IST TREAS. OF TRINIDAD
MOTHER: ELLE HAHN
I
IHELEN F. JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 04 Apr 1881 « TRINIDAD, CO
M: TO MINTON HjnJTOM
D: 15 May 1915 ' "
BUR: TRINIDAD
MOTHER: ELEOMDRA GOLDSMITH
I
lARTmR G. JAFFA
I SEX: M
I B: 1884 $ CO
I M: TO ELEAM3R JAFFA
I 2 Children
I OCC: CIVIL ENG
I mime. ELEONORA GOLDSMITH
p-r
ROBERT JAFFA
SEX: M
D: e EL PASO, TX
MOTHER: ELEANOR JAFFA
SON JAFFA
«».:<*
SEK: H
M: TO
Dt i TAIMAN
1 Child
MOTHER: ELEANOR JAFFA
I
IMIKE JAFFA
t SEX: M
i D: e ALBUQUERCKJE, NH
2
isU
SAMUEL JAFFA
SEX: M
B: 25 Apr 1842 « HEINEBACH, GER
H; ca. 1871 TO AMELIA JAFFA i PA
D: 04 May 1909 § TRINIDAD, CO
6 Children
BUR: TRINIDAD
OCC: MERCHANT
MOTHER: ELLE HAHN
PERRY JAFFA DR.
SEX: H
^ B: 1868 e EBERHARD, PA
Single
D: 02 Nov 1915 ? DENVER (gallstone surgery)
No Children
VBUR: Trinidad, CO
EDU: Coluiibia U; Gross Med. Coli /Denver 1900
OCC: cty m.d./Las Annitas Cty, CO
MOTHER: AMELIA JAFFA
s
JOSEPH^ JAFFA
B:^l86<e EBERHARD, PA b. H Jflt 'J /O
M: 1897 TO MILDRED (MILLIE) STRAUSS «l-
D: AFTER 1911 # DENVER/HEART ATTACK
1 Child
EDU: COLUMBIA U
OCC: BANK CASHIER/ATTY
I
I BENJAMIN JAFFA
SEX: M
B: 1898 e ROSWELL, NM
Single
D: 1918 e CHI
No Children
(1: SUICIDE/CHI)
MOTHER: MILDRED (MILLIE) STRAUSS
HATTIE JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 1873
(1: )
MOTHER:
AMELIA JAFFA
IDA J. JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 1875 § TRINIDAD, CO
M: 21 Jan 1896 TO MEYER MANSBACH e TRINIDAD, CO
2 Children
MOTHER: AMELIA JAFFA
I
I ARTHUR JAFFA MANSBACH
I SEX: M
I B: NOV. 1896 e TRINIDAD, CO
I M: TO 6ERTRUDE HELLER § MILWAUKEE
NSßAG^
2 Children
FATHER: METER MANSBACH
-i-
Ml-
PATRICIA MANSBACH
SEX: F
B: 1928 e DETROIT
M: TO CARL WEISSER e DETROIT
Living e NEWPORT BEACH, CA
3 Children
MOTHER: 6ERTRUDE HELLER
RICHARD NEISSER
SEX: M
B; 08 Jul 1951 « LOS ANGELES .
Living i^tfrr Coik Ms^^, C^^'\ "
FATHER: CARL NEISSER '
KENNETH NEISSER
SEX: H
B: 29 May 1953 e LOS ANGELES
Living
FATHER: CARL NEISSER
ANDREW NEISSER
B: 20 Feb 1957
Living 9 COSTfl ICDATlli
FATHER: CARL NEISSER
EDITH A. ANSBACH
SEX: F
B: 1902 k TRINIDAD, CO
H: TO RAY BLUMENTH«.
Living e 1510 THAYER AVE., LA
FATHER: MEYER MANSBACH
ELLA JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 1878 e TRINIDAD, CO
MOTHER: AMELIA JAFFA
:ICIA MAhK
SEX: F
B: 1928
M: TO
Livip^e
3 CmUmo.
:h
EISSER e DETROIT
■WfWT BEACH, CA
RICHARD
m
ö(^
: 08 Jul\l951 e LOS ANGELES
Living § LJ
hHIHLH: LAKL NtKSER
KENNETH NE]
: M
B: 29 May 1953 e L0\ ANGELES
linos.
FAT^€R: C<«LJ|6?SSER
ANDREW ^lerSSER
Bf 20 Puü 1957
Livinqg-€8STfi" MEÖ
FATWe^CARL NEISSER
HENf<y NAPHTALI JAFFA
SEX: M
B: SEPT 1845/6 t HEINEBACH, CASSEL, GER
M: TO BESSIE & PA
D: i AL6UQUERQUE, NM
3 Children
KC: 6R0CER; IST MAYOR OF ALBUOUERQUE
(1: COUSIN/LENA LEVY)
MOTHER: ELLE HAHN
I
lECNJAMIN JAFFA
I SEX: M
I B: AUG 1878 § TRINIDAD, CO
I OCC: SALESHAN
I HOTHER: BESSIE
I
I MALTER JAFFA
I SEX: M
I B: FEB 1880 « ROSWELL, NM
I MOTHER: BESSIE
I
I EDGAR JAFFA
I SEX: M
I B: SEPT 1892 9 ALBUQUERQUE, NM
I MOTHER: BESSIE
SARAH JAFFA
SEX: F
B: KT 1851 t 6ERMANY
M: TO HENRY GOLDSMITH § PA
D: e CONNELLSVILLE/PA
8 Children
I
IMILTON 60LDSMITH
I SEX: M
I B: APR 1877 § GERMANY
I FATHER: HENRY GdDSMITH
-^
I
I SAMUEL GOLDSMITH
I
SEX: M
B: JAN 1879 § GERMANY
M: TO RAE T. GCLDSMITH
1 Child
FATHER: HEhfiY GOLDSMITH
I
IJACK T. GOLDSMITH
SEX: M
B: 1902 e CONNELLSVILLE/PA
MOTHER: RAE T. GOLDSMITH
I
I BENJAMIN GOLDSMITH
I
SEX: M
B: JAN 1873 § GERMANY
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSMITH
I
I EDISON GOLDSMITH
I SEX: M
I B: MAY 1880 § CONNELLSVILLE/PA
I FATHER: HENRY GOLDSMITH
I
I WALTER GOLDSMITH
I SEX: M
I B: DEC 1882 ? COWCLLSVILLE/PA
I FATHER: HEKfiY GOLDSMITH
I
IFLORENCE E. SOLDSMITH
SEX: F
B: m 1883 i CONNELLSVILLE/PA
FATHER: HENRK GOLDShlTH
OLIVER SaDSMITH
SEX: H
B: APRIL 1887 i CONNELLSVILLE/PA
FATHER: HENRf GOLDSHITH
HELEN R. GOLDSMITH
SEX: F
B: DEC 1890 9 CONNELLSVILLE/PA
FATHER: HENRr GOLDSMITH
BENJAMIN JAFFA
SEX: M
B: d HEINEBACH, GER
M: TD LEAH HESS
D: CA. 1875 # HOERINGHAUSEN, GER.
5 Children
MOTHER: ELLE HAHN
HARRY JAFFA
SEX: H
B: 1866 « HEINEBACH, CASSEL, GER
M: 1895 TO ROSE BARR e CHI
D: AFTER 1945 « ROSWEa, NM
1 Child
OCC: GRCCER
MOTHER: LEAH ►CSS
BERTRAM JAFFA
SEX: M
B: JAN 1896 i TRINIDAD, CO
Single
D: AFTER 1942 g DENVER, CO
No Children
OCC: PHYSICIAN
MOTHER: ROSE BARR
NATHAN JAFFA
SEX: M
B: I£C 1863 « HEINEBACH, GER
M: 1892 TD ESTHER STRAUSS
D: 12 Sep 1945 % ROStCLL, NM
3 Children
OCC: BAM<ER/POLITICS
(1: EMIG 1880)
(2: SECTY-TER OF NM)
(3: )
MOTHER: LEAH HESS
I
IJULIA JAFFA
I SEX: F
I B: APRIL 1892
I M: TO JOSEPH DANZIGER
I 0: « LAS VE6AS(AFTER 1945)
I MOTHER: ESTHER STRAUSS
r^
I
lELEANOR JAFFA
I
SEX: F
B: OCT 1893
M: TO ARTHUR G. JAFFA |P
2 Children
MOTHER: ESTHER STRAUSS
I
£i^4^^ArfAur-
ROBERT JAFFA
SEX: H
D: i EL PASO, TX
FATHER: ARTHUR G. JAFFA
SON JAFFA
SEX: H
Hi TO
D: e TAIWAN
1 Child
FATHER: ARTHUR G. JAFFA
I
IMIKE JAFFA
■c~
I
I
I BENJAMIN (m\m JAFFA
i SEX: M
I B: AFTER 1900
I D: AFTER 1945 ? SANTA FE, NM
I MOTtCR: ESTHER STRAUSS
SEX: H
D: e ALBUMRQUE, NM
Kj^hvCfi^ OO'*'^
s
JOSEPHX JAFFA
^X: M
B: 1869 e EBERHARD, PA
M: 189? TO MILDRED (MILLIE) STRAUSS
D: AFTER 1911 § DENVER/HEART ATTACK
1 Child
EDU: COLUMBIA U
ÜCC: BANK CASHIER/ATTY
MOTHER: LEAH HESS
BENJAMIN JAFFA
SEX: M
B: 1898 e ROSWELL, NM
Single
D: 1918 e CHI
No Children
(1: SUICIDE/CHI)
MOTHER: MILDRED (MILLIE) STRAUSS
JULIA JAFFA
SEX: F
B: e GERMANY
M: TO PERLSTEIN
1 Child
EDU: 1070
MOTHER: LEAH HESS
HELEN (LEIC) JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 10 Jan 1918 ? GERMANY
MINNA JAFFA
SEX: F
B: e HEINEBACH, GER
M: TO SOMMER § HEINEBACH
1 Child
MOTHER: ELLE HAHN
JULIA (JULCHEN) SOMMER
SEX: F
B: e HEINEBACH
M: TO JAMES (JUDAH) HEILBRUNN
D: 1974 « NYC
1 Child
EDU: 1107
FATHEft: SOMMER
I
HERTA HEILBRUN
SEX: F
D: e NYC
FATHER: JAMES (JUDAH) HEILBRUNN
7
ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA RABBI
SEX: M
6: e HEMBACH
M: TO
9 Children
EDU: TEACHERS' SEM./CERT-19 FEB 1866
OCC: TEACHER 18ö6-1872
U: SEE RICHTOR FILE)
(2: RABBI-WIESBADEN)
MOTHER: ELLE HAHN
ELLA JAFFA
SEX: F
B: OCT 1870 S Nr
M: 1892 TO LEO STRAUSS
D: BEFORE 1945 g ROSWELL
1 Child
I
I NATHAN STRAUSS
i SEX: H
I D: AFTER 1978 i SARASOTA, FLA
I FATHER: LEO STRAUSS
BESSIE JAFFA
SEX: F
«: TO SPILLER
Living
SIGMIM) JAFFA
SEX: M
B: 6 WIESBADEN
M: TO
D: e NYC
OCC: PRO VÜICE
ZIPPORA JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 1792/93 f HEINEBACH
M: TG JOSEPH SPIEGEL
D: 30 Apr 1850 g FRANKERSHAUSEN
ajft: HEINEBACH
«OTHER: SARA (SARCHEN) NAPHTALI
I
Gr.N'--''"-''^*"
CF n-t-'^
• I .1
! Z' I
I» '
y
/Au» ^-'
JPl/tOfly
YOLUME E
SUMMER L981
I •
>l w!? »
. • , ->
TSAf^
t
1^
I
n
NUMBEIl:i
In
;/•
^1^
k\
I
4i
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i
I
1
t
^^fiieSie), Ckdotado S1005
11
r
"• y
iiffr tr-^ '-•»▼»>■
JEWISH CEMETERY
TRINIDAD, LAS ANIMAS COUNTY, COLORADO
NAME BORN DIED
AVERBACK, Julius A. 4/9/1860 4/17/19^0
ARMDUSKY, Bertha • 6/7/1874 5/I/1914
MISCELLANEOÜS
V
ASTRACAN, Joseph
BARGLOW, Dt'. David R.
BELL, Harold Meyer
BIERNBAUM, Herman
BONE, Rachel B.
BONE, Sarah
in Koinesburg, Germany
7/16/1860 1/29/1918 Drowned
i960
2/22/1926
9/15/1921
3/5/193Ä ,
10/13/1909
COHEN, David A.
1906
8/19/1922
10/26/1870
IO/VI86O
1889
Kansas City Missouri
Shot 8/11/1908
buried 8/I6/1908
COHN, (premature son of Reuben Cohn) 7/IO/1923
COHN, Evelyn
COHN, Helena
COHN, Moses 11/ /1914
COHN, Rebeka ' 2/17/1908
COHN, Simon Trinidad, CO, age 4 weeks
CRAMER, (stillborn son of A.L. Cramer)
DE BRE, A.
ELIAS, Jacob (from New York City)
11/13/1920 Auto accident
12/31/1889
10/29/1915
7/2V1909
9/20/190?
3/15/1904
V5/1895
2/IO/I890
f
FELDMAN, (child of E. Feldman, 2 days old) I2/II/I907 .
FELLIX, Samuel
FLOORSHEIM, Gussie .
FREUDENTHAL, Fannie
FREUDENTHAL, Dr. Leopold
FRIEDLAND, Abraham
GOLDBERG, Dora
GOLDMAN, Anna
9/4/1863
5/10/1846
3/15/1848
5/30/I872
(age 28)
4/18/1879
6/20/1901
4/25/1921
6/14/1925
7/29/1916
7/18/1922
12/10/1910
8/20/1909
3/7/1887
Ragolla, Russia
GOLDMAN, David (born in Russia, age 32) I2/I8/I909
GQLDSMITH, Abraham
GOLDSMITH, Emanuel
GOLDSMITH, Mrs. J.
GOLDSMITH, Jacob
i
66
NAME
GQLDSMITH, Leopold R. ,oi ^^^ MISCEXLANEOUS
GOLDSTBIN, Sarah (about Ifl ! . 7/29/1933
GORDON, "* ^® y^^^^ °id^ 3/27/1927
GORDO^, (stillbom child or r^f^^ ®^'/^9^^
GOmiEB. Leo David eX/l^"^ IO/13/I919
GOTTLIEB. Leo David
GOTTLIEB, Leopold
GOTTLIEB, Milton Ralph
GREUDENTHAL, Saml
HAMERSLOÜGH, Flora
HAMERSLOUGH, R.
«*VENS, A.J. (a „a3on buried before
6/30/192^
2/10/1847
IO/I/1908
10/29/1880
3/I3/I868
9/23/1924
7/23/1934
12/6/1910
10/5/1929
1/11/1919
12/29/1903
V26/I878
-' ".•^. va wason buried before y. /<,^ / «
-HMA., HanieT^?|-f,P-^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^
HERMAN, Martha (grandchild of /JlZr T"^ '"^'^^'''^
HILIVITZ, Hess 1 ^ ^^^^^^^ 7/30/1894
6/2 0/1 9 08
5/1/1915
3/30/I908
3/2 7/1 892
6/11/1912
5/21/1932
9/4/1905
5/14/1921
HILIVITZ, Hess i „,» ^
(son of Harry Hiliii?!^' ^ ""^^^^
JAFFA, Joseph S ^13/1845 8/6/I92I
JAFFA Lenora ^Washington PA .^ilL '^'^^'^^'
(daughter of Jacob & FW f<lff®^P. 2/22/I911
JAFFA, Dr. Perxy ^;26/r8l^^^
JAFFA, sam 1/26/1866 II/2/1915
KAHN, Corine Sarah
KAHN, H.J., Jr rjnfa>,+
• * ^infant son Of Herbert &
KAHN, Herbert J. ^' ^^^/,..
KAHN, Jacob b,- . . . 6A0/I883
ifAHM r ^^shofsheim, Germany
KAHN. Mrs. Rose ^
(Ashes)
Cholera
raarri ed
3/24/1880
9/7/1919
12/7/1916
67
3/I6/1935
2/20/1907
12/14/1902
•I.V. NAME BORN
^^2, M. . «„ „
(Infant son of Simon KatzJ ^* °^^
KATZ, Mariam
LAUBBR. Silas I2/I8/1913
LEON, Alexander
LEON^ Clara D. 5/26/1845
LEON, Morris
LEON, Pinkus
LEVINE, Lillian. II/IO/1917
LEVY, (child of Bamey Levy)
LONDON, Minnie. \ 1390
LONDON, Morris 1889
LORD. David K. 8/28/1928
LORD, Dee Amy VV1932
MELES, A. Harry Vl5/l88/f
MORGAN, Bertha (about 89 years old)
MOSES, Harry 7/22/I851
MOSES, Rose I/2/I854
NEV/r/IAN, Sig--.
POLEY, ( Stillborn child of Jack Poley)
Amarillo, Texas
POLIAK, Celia
POLIAK:, Joseph
POLIAK, Sam
12/17/1882
7/20/1909
11/ /I901
läge 2 years, 9 months, 3 days)
PRAGER, Fannie
PRAGER, Phillip
RASCOWER, Ida
RASGOWER, Louise
RASCOWER, Phil
RATNER, Fannie •
RATNER, Henry
REINSTEIN, Simon
ROSENBERG, Fannie
ROSENBERG, Morris
ROSENBLUM, Maurice
6/9/1859
Trinidad, CO.
3/Vl88itf
I852
12/22/1862
1876
I876
2/9/I87I
6/11/1921
6/8/1924
age* 26
DIED MISCELLANEOUS
11/15/1903
11/12/1899 ' ■
V25/I921 .
11/7/1893
12/5/1922 *
10/6/1883 ■
9/2/I896
W1923
bom in England, died in Amarillo,
1959
12/16/1932
3/7/1935
5/8/1932
7/1 6/192 7
2/13/1913
3/13/1932
10/20/1897
9/27/1905
3/ Vi 924
9/10/1931
9/19/1904
11/20/1924
9/12/1907
3/30/1913
7/9/1933
5/25/1927
8/16/1964
19^7
4/27/1932
12/16/1924 ~
1/7/1925
11/29/1909
Texas . .
» .*
• :
68
"^ "^7 TW ' ■ ' ' ' ■-'•■■ ^"^^'^
^'|^^^^fw¥*f ^f-.^'-' "
^1 Lvfi.^j:;:.'. .jÄ,:. _.•
T«Mf 'flBk^liljfFwf'
-f-n'
^^^'"W^^^^
■ •
»«■
NAME BORN
RUBIN, (infant of Leon & Kathryn Rubin)
SANDERS, Alfred
SANDERS , Belle : . , . V 1/15/18^7 ;
SANDERS, Jacob
SANDERS* Jejjmie
SANDERS;
SANDERS, Simon
SCHNERER, Emma
Je^sie
•• • . »
8/27/185^
DIED MISCELLANEOUS
* •
19^8; :
5/18/1888
4/2/1930
12/1/1900 . •
II/2V1929
6/1/1888
12/1/1906
4A6/1903
3/3/1903
" stranger
t •
Southern Germany .
born in Trinidad, CO
SCHWARTE, Julius (shipped from Raten. NM)
SHIFER,^ from Albuquerque, NM — —
SONNENSTEIN, Barbara Mirl 1850 1951
STRAÜSS, Julia V28/I889
<;tpaiiss P L. V12/I832 9/26/1907 ^^
- borA iA Bruchsal (Baden) Germany, died Roswell, NM
TAUFF, Bella H.
TAUFE, Max H.
WALZER, Etta
WALZER, Julius
WEGODISKY, Salem
WEILER,. Lee
1882
187^^
3/7/1883
V15/1875
(infant in upper lot)
11/3/1860
1947
10/8/1917
2/10/1925
II/I/1908
7/V1906
Adorf, Germany
Copied bv Beatrice Sanders, Rabbi , Trinidad , Colorado ..•
BOOK REVIEW
The Ancestora_^Ili-DesceQdentSL_fiiLJfllm_ii^Jdll^^
YODER, published July 1980. 69 pages. The first Pf"^ ^f this
book includes John & Mary 's births, both m I85O in Pennsylvani
their mirriage in Pennsylvania in 1875, and *^%^}^1^^\;^.J?^|T.
seven childrin. Also included is part of J^^JJ Calvin KAGARICEi
line back seven generations and part of Mary CLAPPER KAGARICE s
line back six generations. The second part of the book lists
the knovm descendents of John Calvin and Mary and givee Infor-
mation on them. Among the surnames and places included aret
BRUMBAUGH» Germany, Pennsylvania; GRAVESt Kansas. Colorado,
NEGLEXt Wisconsin, Kansas. ^Arkansas; PARSONS« Oklahoma;
ROBINSONt Oklahoma; RUSHt Pennsylvania. Virginia; SCHOOLEI»^
Texas, Kansas,. Oklahoma; SNOWBERGER (SCHNEEBERGER), Switzerland
Pennsylvania; STEELEt Germany, Pennsylvania; ZOOK« Pennsylvania
Oklahoma, Minnesota. • ^ vnnPR iiiA?o
Bocks are available from: Mrs. Margaret K. YODER, 1^620
Timberedge Lane, Colorado Springs, CO 8O908, for $8.00.
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The Leading Facts of ^^^^^a/
NewMexican History
BY
RALPH EMERSON JWITCHELL, Esß.
VICE-PRESIDENT NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL SOCIETY
"A PEOPLE THAT TAKE NO PRIDE IN THE NOBLE ACHIEVEMENTS
OF REMOTE ANCESTORS WILL NEVER ACHIEVE ANYTHING WORTHY
TO BE REMEMBERED WITH PRIDE BY REMOTE DESCENDANTS. '•
— Macaulav
VOL. II
THE TORCH PRESS
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA
1912
^RNOR
OF NEW MEXICAN UlSTOKY
le resign tbe iK>sition of govcmor ^^^
jills, who had served as chief jutUc* Tf
|exico for twelve yeare, was ajikM 1. ^
lg a t^rm of court in Union count^ Ht
vhether he would accept tlu^ irovri '^
esting an imraediate answer. Tbr
d on December 20, 1909, hi» naml ^^^
7 the President, he wa« duly ooDftrmp4
on to the President, Governor Curry -^
larch 1, 1910. This was done. (>i, u^
1, with simple ceremoniim. Ui»
governor*"^ of New Mc.xiix,
the Act of March 3. 1851. Umk u^
oath of Office in front of ihr ^j^
large concourse of people. Chi.f Ju*t^,
kvho had been named as the succr^nr of fk.
ministered the oath of office.
Iwas born in Yazoo City, MissiMippi. J^mmmr^ %\
liam Mills, of Virginia, and bis motbrr IUm^
' His father having died wbcn Ihr ^\0>r9,.f ^^
to Connecticut, where she w-as marrif^J in ir.t^ ^^^
tended private schools and was f^raduatrU itum t»»
|e attended the law school of Yale Voir^r^t?
married January 14, 1885, to Alicf Wa4<lt»|
igbam, for many years heavily intrrfvt«^ hi
[in. After his graduation he practir«^) Um ^
til his appointment to tbe chief jnitir««hi|i «l ^
lam McKinley. January 31, 189S, furrf>«>dtr)ff ^
p twice re-apjK)inte<i by President Ro(4ipTrii
rved in both bouses of tbe legislative »«^mbl^
b affiliated wivh tbe democratic partv. 1^ brn mm
l^fcKinley, it w-as considered that br waa «Imi »t»
locrat. He abortiv renounced all alleKianrr |# H»
since been identified with the republir«» |m^«
If fine literary attainments. His inauirural »«Mr^»
BS well aß a polished literary produrtion
[is tbe son of Major Joseph J. Poik». and «i
ia, June 13, 1870. He is of Scotch Ih»h aar««!
p^ere identified with the patriots of thr KeioMi
le Colonial armies. His father wai a CouffiWt
I William Hayes Pope received bis earlr f^turati«««
[ high Bcbooi of Atlanta in 188ß. He mmtru
[rsity, where he graduated in 18S9 with tb^ i
>0, he was graduated from the law de|>artinfnt m(
of LL.B. After his graduation he ent*rf<l IW
Smith, the former being secretary of thr
Itration of Grover Cleveland. His bemlth \
Pope carae to New Mexico in 1894 aod )oemimi Ü
1880 TO 1012
567
^, entging governor, the iustices of ^^^ -^--^.r'!;^";
**. rritorial officials. and the secretarj-, Nathan J«^"- J' ^'^
' •! Governor Currj- made a short address, ^eahng -th the
:; feature. of his administration, and Governor M.IK m an
^;^te discourse, outlined the polieies wh.ch would mark his
i„ct of public aflfairs.*"
»»^ «^Unr of the Ken- Mexican. In 1895, he re-
■F?,.here he became aBsoc.ate e^'t"! 7,\'^* ^e of assistant to the attor-
rfhc r^a«'*"^ °* '''\P'f T,u:m^ where he add^a materially to his reputa-
rfjthe court of pm-»te la«'! ^'«;'r''J aUorney *or the Pueblo Indiana. After
l'^.hc bar. He laterheldtte Office ofatt"^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^
»1 «niah- American war, he waa appoiniea « j »■ , ^^ „f President
•S-a, -here hi^l^'jX'XdsBeturnC from the Philippines, in
'. then goveraorpeneral of t^^ .1«'»"^«„. the sui-reme court of New Mexico
«^ t was appointed ass^.ate ^us^^ice of ^he su^^^^^^^ ^^.^.^„^ „, ,,
*"-«8 reappointed in 1907. »»■"*", 7„ .^e reports. He was a member
,**aeUver^ by Judpe Pope, "« *»X idine of the capitol. He was ap-
^ hoard which had Charge of the '^^''""''"Pp,' 'dent Taft in 1910 and
"f^'^hlef justice of the suprenve^ court b, Pr^^^enJ^^^^^^ ^^^ ,; ^ j.t
[^shed his headquarters at Bob« eil, J^"^."/ "j" J^gnion of judpe of the
" or tbat diatrict He was "»-'"^^^tco by PreSt Taft,' January 22,
' court .fo'-.the d.Btnct of ^^-^//'^\° Z Senate of the United States
E his nonunation be.ng l^jfj '"""fl-retary is one of the most succeasf ul
^ >athan Jaffa, the last »«'"^''"^L'^^f "^'he personal f riend of Governor
Tlrominent business men of **>« *""**"*?';.. %:!♦„•. recommendation to the
Äreceived the aPPö*"*^'!"^^«^ '^XZ December 28, 1863. He
^Vnt. He ia a »f '^^ °^ .^|™"teL ^ocaTing at Trinidad, Colorado. After
ß^to America at the age of f «f **!"• '"''"J. ^.„g engaged in various einploy-
fe^od of four years in '^^^' ^'l' ^^^^^,^^^1 Kok Charge of the mer^
2S he came to Las )^f ««„^^^"„fws Later he established the firm of
-^e establishment of Jaffa Brothers Late „ercantile bus.ness
,: Prager Company, l»<'a*«'^*^^'*o7;"„of Trinidad, Colorado. During
Älished. He married fssie Strauss of ^^^ .^ ^^thoda of his
^m Mr. Jaffa made great i^prov^ment .„ t^e » j^^^,, considered
'^ Prior to the State 'P^f n«rt, In connection Jth the nomination for
^^E. \merican Citizen. . ^ ^y^ territory of New Mexico
^tTc Personnel of the last^suprem^-« of^^^^^^^^^^ McIHe Frank
rpÄ^Ä rÄMerr^rC. Sehern, clarence J. Koberts, and Edward
',:"f Abbott was appointed an -ociate^justice of t^e XfÄmin
> Mexico by President Kooseve t «D^;""^^',^'^^ 'Mexico bench. Judge
Baker, one of the ablest ou"«»« *^" «»" ^"^ ^^ ^^ ^ aoldier during the
„n was born in Barnard. Vermont, m 1845. He '^ ^„^
Ur of the Civil War, in the 9th ^ «™°"* X»' ;° „„„„a Richmond. Vir-
,,ed in the closinp events "^ the p-eat «tniPg o ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^
. His command was '^'Y"?/^^ /™*,*"juage Abbott entered Dartmouth
^ after the surrender. After the war Jujp ^^^ ^^^^^ the chair of mathe-
^ and graduated in ^^'O. He reaa la ^cticed law in Massachu-
tics in Phillips Academy, Ando%er, Mass. ne v
4^
A Narrative History by
Marc Simmons
f
■■ I
University of New Mexico Press / albuquerque
t^a
' r
- •
»
c
«
!
Henry Jaffa, elected Albuquerques first mayor
July 4, 1885. (Museum of Albuquerque)
Mayor Harry Kinney assumed office in De-
cember 1981. Both Jaffa and Kinney spent
formative periods of their lives in Trinidad,
Colorado. '
272
> «
Chapter 9
(
\
:
232
removalbilJamoumedtothousandsofdoJkr. V., u .
money was welJ spent. In the finaJ years of rh. ' '" '^' '°"« '"" ^heir
abandoned che campa.gn as hoAts « ' ''"^"^' ^'^"^""queans
Posr Office, reflected New Albu^^^^^^^^^^^^ 'ocacl of th^
the town name. Unabashedly. civicTde ' .1^ T'"^ '^/^'^ ^"«^^ to
Community s future, while lend n. heir nfl^ ^^"'''! °^P"«^ ^o the
any movement dedicated to brinß"L in n^ K " *"^ Pocketbooks to
ment or private. The boosterism Sin rn ü''".r"' ^hether gover^?
was ai„,ed largeJy at eastern ^^«/^s IndT '"'^ ^^'^-^^•"« '" purposj
If the pitch was often shrHJ and rhtC P'°*P^"'^^ ^tern emigr^tl'
charms, often exaggeratä 1^?^^^^^^^^^^
the town fathers faced. It came not o2 from t " r ^^^ fO'^Petit.on
but from outs.de the Territory EJ P«n T^ ^^^ *"^ ^ ^egas,
of Southern California were alTbSmin^' Jh^T' '"^ '^^ "^""^ ^«ie
and all were elbowing forward m a rTce fö ^r" '°J^'^ ^''^°^^ ^^""^e,
in the Southwest. The spirit of the aVe s^emS' .'^''"^"'°^^"*'"«
Angeles ministers who ih theirSunlT '"^ ^ expressed by Los
-.ngle WKh the congregt.oVan^selltle^tte'" ^'"' ''' ^'^'^ -
:raX%rortr A^^r^^^^^^^^^^ ci-i^yt
ulation. a:rd it pmV^^ed T^f^L'SithTT' ."'^"^ ^'^»^ '-^ "^c
United States marshal and coTn y office" S T'T^ ^^^ ^he
;unsd.ct,on over the townsite. but they coüli^! ? '^' '^'"^' ^^
vided attention to New Albuquerque's n^H r ''^ «'^" '^''' ""^i-
t.al ly fil ed the gap by forming^cory prSct aX? '''"^^''^" P^"
1. 1881. a constable and justice of the .Sace t n ^^^
Business man moved to take up more of th^tf Lk "^ ^^^ ^"'^'' 'o^al
o Trade. Ostens.bly a ''cham£r of commer Xom^^^^^^^ ''' ^°"^
all leadmg merchants and professional mTnlu?^'^'^ of practically
the town government. ArnZfSh.TLZs It el^\'"/^^" ^^^"'^
Police Force to maintain order and ^s'S "'f '''^^^ ^ Merchants'
for municipal projects. Consp cuous on he Wd^" ^°' u""^^ '« P^y
Huning, Hazeldine, and Stover.» "^ "^^^^ '^»^ "^^es of
This Situation was tolerated unril ^rüa u
Push to gain the county seat from Berna m- '«: "' ^«'"^'^ing with the
Hazeldine, along with a youTlawver neil ■'^°. ^"" ""^
B. Fergusson. spearheadedTdrive foHnc '1^ '"'^'1'" '°^"' ^^^'V
year, Granfs Opera House hostld a oX^'^'^"- ^"-^"^^ 28 ofthat
securing of a town charter and the issl^r. T""f,' ^^''^ ^^^ '^ ^^e
-^^SSiSS^ so he was as
"vcr. ne was hand in glove with the
:Sii>WW5l**'il^."
'^"****'*^^*^' *■►*••>»«»■• iWMm»*»»^,":;
, capital question
Pnd location of the
g to add lus,^^ ^^
IS of praise to the
d Pocketbooks to
whether govem.
I rving in purpose
fastern emigrants!
hg Albuquerques
h the competition
e and Las Vegas
che nascent citici
f' railroad Service
kenterof Business
expressed by Los
tr the sermon to
iO to 1885, New
[ap, owing to the
|site Company, as
with land spec-
■ning Body. The
the sheriff, had
give their undi-
themselves par-
ting on February
year later, local
-ating the Board
kd of practically
[in effect became
ped a Merchants'
for fiinds to pay
Ire the names of
hciding with the
laca and William
In town, Harvey
July 28 ofthat
hich led to the
[r an election to
>wners approved
ily 4, merchant
|e, so he was as
glove with the
^
\
tißht coterie of men who occupied the town's topmost rung on the
economic and social ladder. Like many Jewish merchants, Henry Jaffa,
^ native of Germany, had come to the Southwest in prerailroad days and
shared in the general prosperity that followed. Before moving to Al-
Kuquerque, he and his brother Samuel had developed a prestigious mer-
cantile firm in Trinidad, Colorado.*^
With Jaffa, four trustees were elected to constitute a municipal
governing board. All were small business men; none had held positions
of prominence before. Indications are that they had come to office with
the approval of persons like Hazeldine and Stover, who preferred to stay
in the political background and artend to their commercial empires. The
Board of Trustees abandoned the old policy, employed by the former
Board of Trade, of raising revenues by assessing merchants for "voluntary"
contributions. Instead, it obtained municipal funds through the lucrative
sale of business licenses. Saloon keepers paid the largest fee for a license
and bond, $450, but that charged hotel managers, shop owners, and
professional men, though smaller, was commensurately stiff.^^
The Board of Trustees was empowered to pass municipal ordi-
nances — the first ones were concerned with regulation of dance halls,
gambling dens, and saloons — and to grant franchises to Utility compa-
nies."^^ The Albuquerque Electric Light Company, founded in 1883 by
Angus Grant, asked for and received a forty-eight year contract to furnish
the town with arc light."^^ Grant also owned the Water Works Company,
which received a franchise to develop a municipal water System, con-
sisting of a reservoir (built in 1886 in the East Heights at a cost of
$110,000), pumping Station, Underground mains, and hydrants. Other
franchises went to the Street Railway Company and the Gas Company.
The Board of Trustees by floating bond issues, assumed reponsibility for
development of sewers, a fire department, and street maintenance. By
1890 most of the streets in the business district were graded, guttered,
and lined with boardwalks.
In 1890 the territorial legislature passed a new law allowing larger
towns to reincorporate as a city, governed by a mayor and aldermen.
New Albuquerque, ever vigilant for advantage, seized the opportunity
and scheduled an election on the first Tuesday in April 1891. By a
thumping majority, the populace declared in favor of city Status. As a
result, New Town (now with a population of 3,785) was divided into
four wards, each ward having the right to elect two aldermen to the city
Council."*^
At about the same time, Albuquerque was drawn into legal pro-
ceedings involving the municipality's original Spanish grant. In 1891,
the United States House of Representatives established a Court of Private
Land Claims to settle the validity of land grants in New Mexico and
Colorado. Members of the traveling court reached Albuquerque on De-
cember 8 of that year and began examining evidence that would Support
the city s claim to a legal grant, believed conceded to it under Spanish
law. The plaza would have been at the center of the grant, but New
Town feil well inside its supposed boundaries. Confirmation of the claim
Graut ng
Parm
233
aV""^ Alfred
. ^nd che father \^
derate recover>' J
theorganizingofa
everend found fc^
se his stident ant,.
r }^^ ^^''^^ to h,s
p» The people arc
control over them
See one or anothcr
anytime/'Andhc
been kicked out of
•ey would be kicked
|es . ^
mself who suffered
' begun Services m
• • first preachin^>
|:ot US out of rhere.
or six months and
and for a time wc
^n a dark hall."-»
>eopled mostly by
:o find a place for
|ere was a deliberare
lew Mexicos Cach-
[the Congregational
three persons.
^gerheads with the
Int ministers, espe-
prganized a mission
khodist Church) on
had held Services
of those quaners.
^n, Ashley allowed
7 could get one of
lidance, a structure
|from contributions
:he church, located
ipany. "^
[ination that showed
'n made occasional
litsJudgeHezekiah
le Rio Aha jo Weekly
*ach Sunday in the
iry 1880, a separate
mings of St. Johns
•-
Fpiscopal Church. Two years later, the congregation acquired its own
büilding in New Town, and thereafter, under the ministry of the Rev-
erend Henry Forrester, became one of the most solid religious denomi-
pations in the Community.^
Other Protestant sects soon made their presence feit in Albuquerque.
The Reverend Sheldon Jackson, a celebrated missionary, formed the first
Presbyterian congregation in 1880 by assembling five members who met
regularly in a private home in Old Town. Shortly, the Reverend James
A Menaul arrived and led a drive for construction of the first Presbyterian
Church in New Albuquerque on lots given by the Town Company at
5ilver and Fifth. The Baptists chartered a church in 1887, and were
followed by the Lutherans, who established St. Pauls Church in 1891.
Xhe Lutheran congregation was spearheaded by two residents of German
ancestry, Herman Blueher, famed for his bountiful truck gardens near
the plaza, and Jacob Korber, a blacksmith and carriage maker, who later
developed one of Albuquerque s most prestigious mercantile firms.« Blacks,
though few in number at the beginning, managed in 1882 to form an
African Methodist Episcopal Church with the Reverend Spotwood Rice
as pastor. The congregation floated about, using temporary quarters,
until a permanent church could be built in 1892.'-^
Albuquerque's Jewish Community went without a place of worship
until 1897. when fifty families organized a congregation and laid plans
for erecting a synagogue. Three years later (September 14, 1900), the
new Temple Albert, at Seventh and Gold, was dedicated in solemn
ser\'ices presided over by Rabbi Pizer Jacobs. The ceremony included
handing of the temple key to the president of the congregation, ^HenQL.
)SJ. Taflfa, first mavor of Albuquerque.^"
The Catholic Church, given new life by Bishop Lamy in the 1860s,
and enspirited by the tireless ministry of the foreign Jesuits during the
1870s, continued to dominate religious life in Old Town where the
population remained predominantly Hispano. But in 1882, it followed
the lead of the Protestants, and opened the Immaculate Conception
Church in the fast-growing town beside the tracks. The new parish
attracted members from all levels of the business Community, from the
families of railroad workers, and from the few Hispanos who took up
residence in New Town.
The proliferation of churches was mirrored by a corresponding growth
in schools sponsored by the various religious denominations. Free public
education came late to the Territory of New Mexico, leaving private
schools, most of them church-sponsored, to fill the vacuum. The Catholics
had the edge, not only because they enjoyed a long head Start and
possessed numerical superiority, but because their prelate, Bishop Lamy,
channeled much of his surplus energy into fostering a parochial educa-
tional System.
Beginning in 1851, Lamy enticed several religious Orders— the
Sisters of Loretto, the Christian Brothers, and the Sisters of Charity —
to send him teachers to staff the English schools he was busily setting
up. In 1866, he went to Europe to enlist Jesuit priests for the same
Tht Ftner
Thtngs
305
Luna, President of'^
«ndividuaJ sheep ^^t'
,;etaryofcheTernro ;
';^d ^^ ^^^1 estate aid
hereby forming a loop
and around proposed
land remaining ,n the
3n,Luna Place (named
^rnon of the streetcar
^yoftheAlbuquerque
ompleted. The rea^n
at cut into land sales
iginal design. One of
cicularly water mains
ny s requirement that
estige addition, must
lost of Albuquerques
tial lots, were either
elite property beinp
1 means.^2
'f boosterism, proved
^ry Jastro. Soon after
n wrote, "In southern
»d the divine right of
r, is unquestioned."^^
I sentiment prevailing
ed on a fast dollar.
d-sell realty business
provement Company
pical advertisements
iber 26, 1908, pro-
000 in Albuquerque
se $10,000 in value
fits, while doubtless
lit Albuquerque, as a
le steady increase in
Raymond Stamm)
he real estate game,
I Road and New York
act developed as the
et was the Reverend
Church. Even men
of the cloth, it seems, could not resist the temptation to cash in on the
boom in land sales. Other additions progressively filled m the empty
Spaces that lay between the Old and New Towns and between Huning
Highlands and the university on the Hast Mesa. As that occurred, New
Albuquerque became less of the tight-knit Community that it had been
in the years 1880-1900, and more of a Cluster of neighborhoods, each
with its own character and loyalties.
In the course of municipal expansion, Railroad Avenue emerged to
become, what urban historians call, the primary corridor avenue, that
is, a linear thoroughfare that handles the bulk of through traflfic and
serves as a focus for commercial establishments and shoppers/^ Indicative
of that, Railroad Avenue was renamed Central in 1912. As intercity
travel by motor car increased in the following years. Central sprouted
rows of Service stations and roadside hostelries, first termed auto camps,
then tourist courts, and finally motels. It would remain the chief east-
west artery through the city, on U.S. 66, until completion of Interstate
40 in the 1960s.
In the early part of the Century, Broadway was looked upon as the
principal north-south thoroughfare. At its intersection with Central was
a large iron watering trough for horses, a Community landmark. Chester
French, a mortician with a penchant for gardening, set out thousands
of flowers at his own expense, making Broadway sparkle with color. A
parkway down the center of the street was planted in cottonwoods and
the cool shade attracted strollers on blistering summet afternoons.
Albuquerques favorite recreation S{X)t, however, was Robinson Park.
At the time New Albuquerque was platted, Railroad Avenue had also
been laid out. To reach Old Town, it had been necessary to bend Railroad,
between Eighth and Tenth Streets, with the result that it cut across the
rectangular grid of the townsite and created several triangulär blocks.
Since the irregulär shape of the land made it unsuitable for residential
lots, the Townsite Company set aside part of the Space as a park. For
several years, it remained neglected, empty, and nameless.
In the middle of the 1880s, civic-minded matrons of some of Al-
buquerque's first families took a hand. They sponsored a contest to select
a name and at the same time raise funds to develop the park. Young
ladies were asked to stand as contestants, and the public was encouraged
to select a favorite by purchasing votes. Albert Alonzo Robinson, general
Superintendent and chief engineer of the Santa Fe Railway, bought the
largest block of votes for his daughter, Lena. Therefore, in her honor
Robinson Park was named."*^
The Albuquerque Board of Trade lent assistance with beautification
by arranging a tree-planting ceremony on Arbor Day, 1885. A large
crowd assembled at the Armijo House and formed a festive procession
headed bv Henry Jaffa and a Negro band. Some 130 Citizens carried
small saplings — elm, cottonwood, and Osage orange. Marching in high
style to the park, they went furiously to work sowing the beginnings of
a miniature forest. In the weeks that followed, school children were
Trum(>fting
tht Cit}
341
#>
TRiwi>^iC^^
Coolid^. Afiiofu. dtte frotn
in in extensive prehistoric In-
ide Naciomü Monument. The
^ho snduated with honors in
ye*'- Single copies, whcn
ify contributions, and mis-
Editor. Prof. J. A. arroll.
ootcs should bc addressed
Texas Western College.
for ftatements or opinions
|Tucson, Arizona.
Universities and State
JR/Z ONA
and
the
WEST
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF HISTORY
edited by
JOHN ALEXANDER C ARROLL
Associate Professor of History
The Unwersuy of Arizona
VOLUME TWO — NUMBER ONE
SPRING i960
THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRE
TUCSON
SS
JEWISH PIONEERING IN THE SOUTHWEST
A RECORD OF
THE FREUDENTHAL-LESINSKY-SOLOMON
FAMILIES
FLOYD S.FIERMAN
The author, who is RaKKi .,«^ t i ^,
.he Western Vn^LttJ" ' 'T"'"'"""^ °' *' ^"''O". -^
new l.„ds rieh wi,h "ono™,> '"'""'^ '" *^ ""=■«"'" <"
env,able reeord om T T"'""' '" *' ''*"^™"' "' -
Pioneer He„a,e ,o ehe co^rayrn^'^erl ^o J^r^rZ ""^ "' '"
'SerÄv,n« ^^^^ Ji - -or'< on arndes dea.in, wi.h the
The ed.tor is indebted to Professor r I q7u"^ and Tutson-Phoenix areas
one of ,he Consultants to ArTzON^'a Lf X"fe' 7^''" ,r"'"" College.
L)r. Fierman s researches. «^tiT, for calling attention to
154}
I
'■ '*l!
58
ARIZONA and the WES^T
attivitics of these mo adventurers glve some hint of what it was that drew
sizeable numbcrs of European immigrants into the uncertain vastness of
the mid-nineteenth Century Southwest.
Long before the coming of the railroad in 1879. Caravans of frei«ht
wagons ox carts. and pack trains transported a huge volume of merchan-
dise to Santa Fe. Many Americans madc acquaintance with the Southwest
through their activities in the Santa Fe trade." By 1850 the call for EI
Dorado was iuring settlers to this isolated region. The Army. too, shared
in promoting the settlement of the Southwest. A number of Jewish pio-
neers enhsted in the Army and. while serving in the West, saw the eco-
nomic opportunities it offered. Many of the Jews involved in the Mexican
War and the Civil War. as well as those on duty with the Army in its
eflForts to control Indian depredations, were duly impressed with the eco-
nomic possibihties of this undeveloped region.
No group, it is safe to say, contributed more to the rise of Southwestern
Society than the Jews; their participation in the economic and poJitical
life of the region has written a chapter of creative, vigorous accomplish-
ment mto .ts history. The stories of the Lesinskys and the Solomons com-
prise a colorful page in that chapter. These descendants of Koppel Freu-
denthal—a European who, born in 1786, never saw the United States
- were indeed among the most enterprising of Southwestern Jewish
fam,hes. Perhaps no family exhibited more pointedly the El Dorado spirit
of the frontler or the manner in which Jews established themselves in the
region; their motivation for, and pattern of migration. their willingness
to speculate with the future, and their involvement in business and civic
affairs, were all features repeated again and again by successive Jewish
settlers. "^
Julius Freudenthal, Koppels son and the uncle of Henry Lesinsky
was the first member of this family to emigrate. He is thought to have
arrived m the United States in 1856. Precisely what attraaed him to New
I
\
times weekly from Sant/pe to Trin kT r i J c ^ • '" '^^"^ ^ <^°*<^'' '<■""« ran three
Iowed ,he Missouri R,4r to Welmö« L^nS^i w ' ^'T""^ at Independence, the trail fol-
the great bend of the Arkansas Rve^^^'^ i"T '^''"■"' .^'/y^ ""^ '^°'" '^ere ran to
Fort Colorado. whereiturnedsoutV",^'^^^^^ p ""'"' ," ^°,"°^'^^ "'^ "^" «^ B^"'"'
on to Santa Fe A shortcr rou,; tn^^ t ^•'^°" '^''" •" ^" ^ '^S*'- Glorieta Pass. and
fare near Fort Dodje Kansas a^d^oHoV^H h'. C""''"°" f."'««.' 'eft the inain thor^ugh-
at Fort Union, south' oTl^ Vegas K dis,5nceTrom°I„V'" T" *" T' '^' """ ''«^'"
miles, the fare $250 Baccace w« iimi.tl / ? Indepeiidence to Santa Fe was 780
excess pound. ^^^ '' '"""^'' '° '°'^ P°""«^^' ^''^ a Charge of fifty cents per
^^^wn^f
5'a9
i,Q AMKRITAN .TKWISII YKAU fU)OK
DRUTSfiT r.oTiifAin». CInrInnntl. Ohio, olortod a !noin)>or of tho
Boanl of Kduratlon from Wnnl Thirto^MJ. Novoinhor. 1907.
EiNSTFiN. Myih. DunhIrn. N. Y.. riorfo«! Mayor, AiiKURt. 1007.
Kiy.AS lUuNFrr A., ClmrloRton, S. C^, nppointod niombor of tho
Stnto HiRloriral ('otninlssion. by Ihr (;ovornor, l!M)S.
KsiiTNKK. MuM K., Philadolphla. Ta.. oW' ■ ! Rrbool Dlrortross,
Foliniary IS, lOOX.
Fkks. Mhs. .losn'ii. rhllnd'^lphla. Ta.. olortod Soliool Diroct msR.
Fobrunry IS. 1908.
Ffniofu. IUn. Clovoland, Ohio, appolntod AFsInlant. Folios Court
rrosorntor.
FiNFMTK. AiFXANPFU. Now YorU CMtv. olortod .TiiPtloo of tho Clly
Conrt, Novoniljor, 1907.
Fink, .TAron, olortod MRyor of ITolona. Arl< , April, lOOS.
FoRFMAN. llFNUY O.. ChloaKo, III.. roappoliitod (^omiTil«4Mlnnor of
Sonlh Park lloRrd. 190S.
FoHST, IKIDOHF. LouIrvIIIo. Ky.. olortod Proqldont of tho llonrd of
Coimolinion.
Frank, Ihaac', Now York City, promotrd to a captalnoy of poliro,
Doopnibor 1, 1907.
Frifi»man. H. (?.. appolntod a Spoclal A^^^it of tho I.nbor Hiir^^n,
I)eroml)or, 1907.
FHiFDNfAN, MoRFR. fomiorly of rinrlnnatl. Ohio, nppnintod Snpor
inlondont of tho Carllslo Indlan Srhool. CarllRlo. Vn , 19(m.
OiMiiFi,. Fii.iM A.. Philadolphla, Pa., Rolortod ProRldontlal olortor
hy tho Kopnblloanfl, 190S.
GiAHK, Samiui. A.. lUooklyn. N. Y., ro-olortod ABRomblymnn from
tho Twonty flrRt. Dlstrlrt. Novomhor, 1907.
G<)U>nFR<J. Mark. Now York City, ro olorloil AflROfYihlymnn from tho
FlKhtoonth DlRtrlrt. Novomhor, 1907.
(^)M.siiMmT. nFUNiiAHi). Now York CWy, olortod Aldormnn. from
tho Twonty Bovonth DlRtrlrt, Novomhor. 1907.
GoTTMcirAi.K. Ai.FRFi) L. M., Now York City, nomlnntod hy tho
ProMidont n« a ConRiil (Jonoral nt Inr^o, Marrh :?. 190S.
C;RAvnARi». MoiuiiH. Now York City, olortod ARPornhlyman from Iho
KlKhlh DlRtrlrt, Novomhor, 1907.
Orffnufho. AiuiAiiAM, Now York CIty. olortod ABRomhlynmn from
tho Tlilrty OrRt DlRtrlrt, Novomhor, 1907.
Haab, Fri.iT, Portflmouth, Ohio, ro olortod a momhor of tho Sohool
Board, Novomber, 1907.
APPOINTMFNTR. HONOIIS. FLFCTIONS
11!»
Haarf, liFwiR, Now York City, appolntod a momhor of tho Iloard
of Fdnrntlon. hy Mayor MoCiolJan, 190S.
IfACKFNni'HO, Wiii.iAM P.. Pbllndoli)hla. Pa., olortod Crand Troa«-
\iror of tho Crand Lod^o of MasonR, Doronihop 4, 1907.
HAMfti'iioFR, SiMPRON. Now York (^Ity, olootod (Jrand MarRhal
of Iho (irand Army of tho UopnliUr, in 1907.
HAMMFHRTFrN, Ob<ah, Now York (■Ity, appolntod a Knlpht of tho
LoRlon of Donor, by tho l«'ronrh (Jovornmont.
Mahs, iHfDouF. (J?aRR Vniloy. f'nl , olortod Mayor, hy tho Ponr«! of
Tru«=«t ooq, 190S.
Hfhhman, Morfr, Now York C|fy, appolt)fod Poliro Mfi^lqfrnto hy
Mayor MoCIolIan. Soptomhor, 1907.
Hinw« II, Fmii, (f., ('hhaKo, 111., rorolvoq doproo of IJi T)., from
Tomplo CfilvorRlty of Phllaflolphia, Fobrnary IT., 190«
MoiJ.ANMF.H. .Ia<ofi H., Paltlmoro. Md., apf>olntod a momhor of Iho
Hoard of Stato Aid an<l Charltlos, hy tho (Jnvornor, 190S.
FIoRvnz. Sami'fi. .7., Plttahnr^. T'a.. appolntod Rpoofnl afr^nt for
tho Dopart mont of Commorro nnd Labor lo In vor! terato woman
and rhlbl labor In Amorirn, 1!mjS.
HnRwiiz, Naiman. olortod l'^lr«t lilontonant. Dorombor. 1907.
Hprwitz, Wamatf A.. .Toplln, Mo., awardod tho F^arkor fol|»»wBhlp
at. Harvard DnlvorRlty.
.TAfOMRON, .lArf>n, Rt. LonlR, Mo., api)olntod Proqldont of tho .^t
Iionlfl Poliro Board.
Jaffa, Nathan, RobwoII, N. Mox., appolntod Florrotary of Now
Moxlro, hy l*roRldont HooRovolt. An^ii^d. 1907; ronppointod for
fonr yonrH on .lannary M. P>oS.
.Tahthow, MoimiH, ProfoMRor of Somit lo T^anirnaß:oR and IJbrarlan
of tho l'nlvorHlty of PonnRylvnnla, ai»i>'dntc»d hy Dopart mont
of Stato, aR dolo^ato to roprosont tho Pnltod Statoq <Jovorn-
Tnont at tho Flftoonth Intornatlonal Con^rro^q of Orlontnlhtq.
CoponhafTon. and at tho Intornatlonal Concroqq r»n tho Ifiqlory
of Poll^rlonH, Ovfonl, Soptombor, I90K
.ToRFPif, M. V., Birmingham. Ala. apT>olntod AaRlptant Qnartor-
maRtor f^onoral. wlth tho rank of Colonol, 190H.
KAT7FNIIFH0, Max. Now York City, apT>olntojI momhor of tho Board
of Fdnratlon hy tho Mayor.
Kai'fman, OrnnoF H., Mlnnonpollq. Mlnn., appolntod fnrtory In
pportor by (Jovornor .loboRon.
Kramfw, Rami'fi. }*) , ('lovoland, Ohio, olortod Connollman of Ward
Twonty two, Novomhor, 1907.
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September 24, 1900, ro Septembe
>■ 13, 1901
CYRUS ADLER
PHILADELPHIA
The Jewish Püblication Society of A.mkrica
1900
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AMKKICAN JEWISU YEAR BOOK
U i<:h
Colorado
,
Denver (votUinucd)
meets luonthly. Auniber u? buS ^20 ^'"'''""'^"l'""
President. Henri iÄS; Vice'^^S'At't^n- ""'V^T'
Treasurer. David Wine; SecretaVv Jos' H t^'" ^^^*^^''^
P. O. Uox 503. Trustees- S«>lnnwwf 'i i1* , ' ^'^^»''«"n.
Api^eVDavid May. stmon 0^"" ein. ^ ^''i'""»' ,«""""
AuxiliJry. ^*'"*'*'*''^'*' «• I^iversido Cenietery. Ladies'
Jiswisii BELncF Society. Founded m7r. i> -,
Edward) Serai>hi„e J>isko. Vi J^'^ President. (Mrs.
Pauline Holzrü ' ViV^'^rer"^' ^m'^^^^^ ,S^' -' «; ^-)
fuss; Secretarv fAIr« ai i^\^i . "'^ üattie Dre^-
Kline, and MesdameJ aT< /'^"«^ees: Dr. Kleiner. D.
Weil Lee WeirrPriedenU^al T^Ap^ i TS'''.;'";'
.. • *^' J^"^t>ine Ol last liscal venr «ftiov; f\J
^ the Associated et liVicÄDliirv?"""'- ^"'''''^'^ ^^'^"
National Jewisu Hospit-at 1.-/^,. r^
and Colfax. BuiWh^^beL'nn i^'^''^V/.'^"VE« Jack.son
1890; opened DecenSr iS« havin^T"" "^ ^"'".'*''-'
as u national Institution bv Disirie ^v. *"'} ^/'^V^'"''*''**
2. ludepeudent Order B'nai B'Hth h\^.?"^.,P"''>'*' ^'*'-
and placed bv it und^-r ". >.. • • ' "\ I,'""J»ville, in I8<j'j,
eonXfinTr / ""^^r «- provKsional board of coutrol
consibting- uf seven menib<»rv! hwk„„< «-"uiroi,
Ä SeirtiÄ r ortrKi ^i? ?r- f r' -
Corporation bÄnlÄnd^r tTe^laws^^ottrst'"/^' V^
Colorado. This recommendation ;t.7the plan '?f ,,
ssToSiÄ^:^^« ^•^^^1^^'^^ - ^o.»-s t D^\;£'i
take chart^e and control uf this instUutiun on tLc Isi
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September 24, 1900, to September
HJitfd by
CYRUS ADLKR
13» »901
lashier.
Sargent,
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The Jewish Publication Society of Amfrica
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DIRECTORY Ol
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Denver {vunfmuca) ■ A(fYc72^
LCONGKKGATIONJ IsilAEL 4ii
President. B. Foffel\k.,"i..'"-, ^''"*^- l^'o'nuled iSst
ttej, j. o. Ileimbertrer l /-. ^- ^""^ ^'"•- Trus-
fiscal year, $250. Coü^re.Ar" *** •*"• ^"«""'e of lit
nig Summer months; pupüs er, ,*; '^^'^^'''" ^'^'«l^ly d>.r-
I*ueblo *•"! ISRAEL, i^ccretary, L. Greeuwald,
l'icsident, A. Sonneborn^Mv\. '^'*'"^*-"t' *!• J^ohu; Vire-
ary Sam Uaer. Äte's ?rSvh; ^^ '^^ Z^^^'»'- «---
"come of la^rft^ca, ;;ar iö;,^:;'-^ A"'' Sealboldtsf 'i;
^ustöundayiuAfarchandQ« . •, ^""^''-^'eatlou meets
40; classes, 3; te u'lier« l' 'i "^'r'"" ^^et-klv; „„ '
Trinida/"^'"^^^-- ^^-"•-' ^'-P'« AL-Jä > ^ "'''' ''^"'"'-y
^ Jlarry iü^i^Hr^r^^^-' "'''P l^ra/rer J»,.«!. c . •
Victor """ ■""'"^ «-' WeüSV^'i, ^J^f ^'^-1; --^. Or,.a,IiS
*CONGKEGATION
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AAIKKICAX JKWISII VKAl: iiOOK
FuKK LoAN Fund al>oii( u^ u, oi.r^ni/rd
*11juh(;m Litkhakv So(Mi./rY ^
Lew S-.n! ■ 'I' / ;. • Sabsovicli; Secrti.-.iv, Mr.s.
lau, J. Icldinan. Mein hcrs. 4r, Iiiroino ..f i .cf • i
Vonr «110 "TU /\ .. -llU.Oinc Ol l.'ist IIS<'iil
inontli. Orgain/.c>d für inntual aid. '
New
Mexico Albuquerque
NEW MEXICO
LCoXOnKOATION] AUIEKT, (\uV\ \v -..„1 -n. /. . .
tember 2^ 1897. ll-.l.l l^V/r V H, 'i'!;^"''';.'"' ."'''i'
Trust ecs: Louis Tlfoni;.;' '^- ,^' '^''«^'''<^>% P- O. Itov (i9.
. Iciit Socioty^ ^ ^"n,-tj. I,i„l„.s' 7I<.l„-,.„ ll,.,,,.,-,,.
Las Veg^as
Roswell
1 re&KK'iit, Airs. Jjico > SIim-ii- 'l'ii.-ivu...... \i ■ >•
Gnwif: Sccrelarv Mrs i> V i. . ''■ ^''■^- ''"'"'^
embers. .{5. Income of last fi.scal v -ir *l-ö n, •
poor sick who .s(.ok tl.i. Hii.'.t, .. i •■ ,^'' ' '*" ""-^
t^ation in beautifyinK ,,:e sv^k,;,.;?:^.:'^ ^'"^ -^"^'-
morS V-Hi;.- ^'"''^«'T-^^ ''^'"l'-'y c>v.'nin<r an.l Satunla'-
1-, cia.sses, .'. tcachers. ]. CfnuMcry, near (nun '
Hoi.iDAY Services.
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lONEER JEWS
A New Life in the FarT^t
h
\
Harriet and Fred Rochlin
X
li.
Hüuglilüii Mifflin Company
Boston
1984
f'1
0/ Otie Flesh and Several CuUures
103
IJC
i«V
h
'Ja,-
LV""
young cily iiierchaiit alt eacly eiijoying goocl t redii; oi,
worse, the son and heir oi a meinljer of an old flnn;
or, worst of all, an attorney with high dcgrees at the
Odd Fellows, equipped at any nioment with an elo-
quent Speech for a wedding dinner, or B'nai B'rith
banquet. Beneath the hlow ol such a betiothal Mother
sat still, her hands iolded.
Once the betrothal was made, anxiety could
be set aside and grandiose preparations begun.
Weddings in late-nineteenth-century upper- and
aspiring middle-class western society were elab-
orate, at times gaudy, af fairs rivaling anything
held in the East. A man like San Francisco's Louis
Sloss, who by rising Ironi sniall-lown nierchant
to millionaire not only retained faith in the
American dream but was himself its personifi-
cation, would naturally stage an extravagant dis-
play of wealth, splendor, and roniantic fancy for
the wedding of his daughter Bella to Ernest R.
Lilienthal in 1876. For thisoctasion an elaborate
pavilion was built on the lawn, wherein the cou-
ple took their vows. Alterward their guests sat
down to an eight-course French dinner, its gold-
lettered menu printed on white silk, foUowed by
Aboye: Jessica Blanche Peixotto (1864-1941); courtesy,
Norton Stern, Santa Monica, California
Bottom left; Adele Solomons Jaffa: courtesy. Adele Solo-
mons Jaffa Collection, Western J ewish History Center,
Judah L. Magnes Museum, Berkeley, California
an evening of dancing perfumed by the scent of
the "choicest California flowers" strewn across
the Slosses* home. Even the modestly well-of f but
aspiring Levys, Harriet's family, had spared no
expense when their daughter Addie niarried
Oakland nierchant August Friedlander; they
transformed their bottom floor into an ornate
banquet hall cloaked in vines and white ch)th
and served an elaborate dinner topped off with
pyramids of macaroons, nougat, and ice cream.
These extravaganzas were hardly limited to
cosmopolitan San Francisco. Lhe 1890 wrdding
of Jennie Oppenheimer, daughter of a promi-
nent Spokane banking family, and Samuel Han-
auer, then a rising young nierchant, rivaied even
the excesses of Louis Sloss. lhe ceremony took
place in the bride's f ather 's massive home, strewn
with flowers, ferns, and palms for the occasion
and decoraled with a marriage bell of Chrysan-
themums and roses suspended from a large bay
ii
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Elected, Appointed, Self-Appointed
159
r'
«.
V..iiÄ..J>P"
Samuel Jaffa, Trinadad,
Colorado,
1876-1880
Emil Marks, Bishee, Ari-
zona, circa 1900
Morris Goldwater, Pres-
cott, Arizona, 1897-
1919
Moses Alexander, Boise,
Idaho,
1888-1892
Wolfe Londoner, Denver,
(U)lorndo,
1889-1891
[T'^T
Henry Jaffa, Albu-
querque, New Mexico,
1885-1895
Ate Frank; Yuma, Ari-
zona, circa 1890
Samuel Friendly, Eugene,
Oregon,
IS93-IS95
Adolph Solomon, El
Paso, Texas, circa 1893
Emil Ganz, Phoenix, Ari-
zona, 1895-1900
Nathan Jaffa, Hourrll,
New Mexico, Afnil-l)e-
cembvr 1903
«!:
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iliMl'tJKt . m.<«ai !■'«!»*:'•<.-*,->' - <minv *irm*Jtn*» <*t«<^«r>i>
^PW^wwmuLimi ■i^r-:^-
„>
^'
/
tol^
• rf
Samuel Jaffa, Trinadad,
Colorado,
1876-1880
i\(ilh(in J(iJJ(i, liosivcli
Kcw Mexico. April-Dc-
cemher 1903
llniiy /(i//(i. Alhu-
\
(lUCKjKC. l\fU' Mexico
1885-1895
lAFrA,
NATMw
NEW MEXICO
HISTORICAL REVIEW
Editors
Lansing B. Bloom
Paul A. F. Walter
Associates
PERCY M. Baldwin George F. Hammond
Frank T. Cheetham Theodosius Meyer, O.F.M.
France V. Scholes
VOLUME XX
1945
• «
PUBLISHO) QÜABTERLY BY
THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO
AND
THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
i^¥5"
NECROLOGY
Nathan Jaffa.— Nathan j««r- •*_ .
of New Me^co MiUU, J^'^l ^r'^i^^^
lodge at Roswell. «xaited ruler of thf Elka
Jaffa Bros. MercantL whe ^^^^^^^ " m/r.^' "**
m Albu,uerque and until 1886 ZnZJl b^^^nel'X«
He went to Roswell in 1886. He aerv^ iTr?
county commissioner fron, 1895 to 1897 „^^^11^ ^T
lican to Win election in the county. " **»• «^ R*P«tK
In 1907 he was appointed aecreUrv of th* T««4. *
New Mexico by President Teddy luS^veit «I^^
pointed by President T^ft .«^ LtT^ "* *** ^^^
statehoodf . "^"^ ^*" *"<^ »»«'«J the aecreUryriUp antil
Three children and a brother survive. Mm EI«.«/»,
Jaffa and M«. Julia Danziger. daughters. Ihe at Zm vti^'
and a son-Benjamin Jaffa, lives at Santa Fe. The brXr*
w Harry Jaffa of RosweU._^iin,,„er<^ Tribune^^
The
the atom
to the fiell
Yet we i\
volume, y\
resarch f
New Mexl
perhaps
Mexico'ß
stränge oj
these tw(|
znore spe<|
them pro|
these last
bomb. Lei
has been
the accou]
358
Il
TR/M<^>^
ALLEN duPontMECK Ph. D.
The Unirersity of Denver
!
»
!♦
ii
The Centennial
History ofthejews
of Colorado
1839 - 1939
^
The University of Denver
Department of History Series
The West in American History^Number One
The Hirschfeld Press • Denver, Colorado
i960
'f
i ■
The Earliest Westerpiers
rhe Celebration of Kosh Hashonah and Vom Kippur, which came in
September. Two members of this congregation had made the trip
from Elizabethtown, New Mexico, about 60 miles southwest of
Trinidad. Others included Isaac and Alexander Levy, Henry and
,Sol Jaffa, ^be Mansbach, Henry Biernbaum and Maurice Wise.
Two brothers, Henry and Sol Jaffa, took turns reading the first Serv-
ices. Together with their brother Samuel, they had been born in
Hembach, Hesse-Kassel, the sons of Aaron laffa, in the late
Eighteen-forties.
Henry and Samuel moved in 1862 to Keokuk, Iowa, and were
joined by Sol in 1865. Henry Jaffa uioved wcst after the Civil War,
entering the firm of Henry and Marcus Biernbaum, a general mer-
chandise firm in Mora, New Mexico. When Henry Jaffa took
Charge of H. Biernbaum and Company in Trinidad, Sol foUowed
him and set up a small störe which he rented from Fr. Munnecum,
pastor of the local Roman Catholic Church.^'^
Business was good for Stores supplying travelers on the Trail
and provisioning the wagon trains and migrants who were slow^ly
trickling into the vast watershed of the Arkansas as farmers and
ranchers. In September, 1871, Henry and Sol Jaffa opened the
general störe of "Jaffa Brothers" at the corner of Main and Com-
mercial, catering to a population of 1500, of whom 1000 were
Spanish-Americans, the rest Yankee easterners.
By 1872, the town of Trinidad was very much alive, filled on
week-ends and holidays with cowboys attracted by the opportunities
for gambling and drinking which a wide-open frontier town afforded.
During that year^ Samuel Jaffa joined his brothers in business, in
the first of a number of Stores which the family owned in southern
Colorado and New Mexico, including the "White House Commer-
cial Company." Samuel represented the Jaffa family in political
matters, and in 1875, when the Masonic Order was established in
Trinidad, he became a charter member.^' The first meeting room
for the Order was supplied by H. Biernbaum and Company in the
200 Block on West Main Street. By 1876, Trinidad had become a
busy residential and commercial center, and on February lOth the
Territorial Legislature incorporated the town. As president of the
first Board of Trustees, Samuel Jaffa served as Mayor, and Isaac
Levy and^Abe Mansbach became trustees.
Between 1871, the date of the first Mhiyafi, and the founding of
50
jeus it; Soulheni Colorado
by ploddinp oxen over rough, uncertain roads. seven weeks out of
Kansas Gty. He set up a small shop, which was taken over by h.s
brother-in-law, Abraham Rascower, in ISTp."' There were crates
for shelves and counters, and business was conducted informally
w,th Cowboys who made their purchases (or more offen bartered)
without leaving the saddle. Levy himself did well in real estate and
left for Denver and eventually Colorado Springs, in 1883.
Max Roscower, who clerked in the störe which became his
fathers recalled the small, unartistically-arranged shop which was
the Standard m Trinidad. Among other Jew.sh firms, Aaron and
hdward Rosenwald were m the clothing business from 1872 That
year, Mansbach and May advertised themselves as boot and shoe
makers on Commercial Street. 'Mansbach Brothers" later consisted
of Berthold, Mayer, Abe, and Julius Mansbach.
So far, the picture contains a small number of Jewish men «* few
of whom were married (Isaac Levy's was the first marriage in 1871)
all from Germany and the border provinces, and all of whom cele-
brated the Holidays regularly. They were regarded as no strangers
in this Community on the border between the American East and the
Spanish culture of the Southwest.
PUEBLO
Farther north, Pueblo had reached a population of 150 by 1868
and was a stop on Abraham Jacobs" stage. The first issue of the
Pueblo Chief tah2 carried his advertisement:"
Mr. Jacobs, proprietor of the Denver and Santa Fe Stage and
Express Line, accompanied by General Supt. Ayres, passed
through our town on the 2 Ist en route for Trinidad and the
Cimarron mines. Mr. Jacobs has recently returned from the
States, where he purchased a stock and coaches to extend his
lines from Trinidad to Virginia City and increase it to a daily.
Early Pueblo newspapers carried a number of advertisements
from Denver Jewish firms. The "New York Store" of Deitsch and
Brother sued for Colorado and New Mexico trade and assured their
readers of goods "at a very small trifle over the Eastern invoice."
C. M. Schayer was "the only störe to manufacture cigars in the Ter-
ritory." Hanauer and Salomon advertised their wide connections
for the transportation and sale of goods throughout southern Colo-
52
• Developing Institutions
lication, and turned the sub-
1'//^ for the remaining issues.
pn, the Outlook wove one
be a united Community, al-
the Reform side of various
pes of this kind, especially
|e 250th anniversary of the
jJam, the special issue of the
pS by Sig Friedenthal, and
a book review marked the
as that of Joseph Shatzke,
^manity saw a world '*free
iking could prevail.
jrrored microscopically by a
\x^r Wochenblatt, operated
) set his own type, and ran
\ss at 14th and Lawrence.
|, pctober 18th, 1880, had
'tst Colfax among groups
*r, therefore, was Kiesler's
|iy. When he ran out of
enlightenment, promoting
The first money he made
piong local charities.^'
)f successful religious, fra-
de notable contributions,
|however, feit that Denver
the European total com-
^'hich, they argued, would
a united front to the non-
|nfenger, and others then
il Jewish Council of Den-
jl of eighty-two delegates,
|)urteen leading religious
Society, the Schools and
Cowfuufiity Leadership Dere/ops
the Lodges."*' They developed a permanent Organization and eiected
Rabbi Kauvar president for three terms.
In the third year of its existence, the executive group organized
the "Jewish Aid Society," on December 3, 1915, and eiected Joseph
Jaffa as president. Nathan Rothschild, whose mother had been
active in charity work, became secretary, serving for thirty-six years.
Presidents Jaffa and Samuel Kohn directed the relief work at 17th
and Curtis, with Mrs. Ray David as Superintendent. The Aid Society
became a cooperating agency of the Denver Federation for Charity
in 1917.
As the Outlook had by now gone out of existence, the matter of
a Jewish newspaper came before the Central Council in June, 1914,
and out of the rieh and seemingly tireless mind of Dr. Charles D.
Spivak came the Inspiration for a new paper.'^" A committee, in-
cluding Spivak, M. S. Radetsky, Meyer Friedman and Ed Monash,
explored the possibilities of a paper, and finally, on February 26,
1915, the first issue of the Defiver Jewish News appeared, with sub-
scriptions at a doUar a year.'^^
A smaller and less pretentious organ than the Outlook, the new
paper was lively and forthright, covermg stories from both sides of
town without discrimination; Spivak's inimitable style, füll of exu-
berant vitality, can be seen in many of the articles, signed as well as
unsigned. He answered charges of discrimination with dignity, and
defended the Orthodox way of life, although he placed himself
squarely in the ranks of the "Enlightenment":'"'
If I were to name the aristocrats among the Denver Jews, I
would point to West Colfax . . . It is there that more money
and brains are spent on Jewish education than in all the other
districts of Denver put together; and the extremes meet in
West Colfax. On the one hand is the Orthodox Talmud
Torah, the only school where the Talmud is taught, and on
the other hand the National Jewish Radical School, where
only nationalistic ideas are implanted, and no dogmas taught.
It is in Colfax where Jewish literature, Jewish music, and
Jewish drama are studied, cultivated, and supported. It is in
Colfax that attempts have been made to organize and main-
tain a library. It is in West Colfax that charity, even if col-
li!
Deielophig hjstitutiofjs
Frontiers Beyortd Derner
les and good, he remitted
ulture, toll roads, Banking
s, seeing the possibility of
rth to Ouray around Red
rts alike, Mears developed
$725,000 in capital stock;
, dizzingly narrow bridges
\t line, the Silverton North-
Canyon, to tap the mines.
|wn to Ridgeway, and from
of his dreams; completed
eats as a tremendous loop
ost exciting narrow-gauge
ading career, Meers issued
tors' items; some were of
some gold.
ail empire succumbed to
Mears was left in posses-
then retired to the East
ne through Maryland. By
of his Short line, and was
wo spectacular occasions,
re screen, he rescued the
Once, in 1909, he restored
►hir, and again, in the fall
and starvat.'on by rebuild-
46
irge stained glass window
of the Board of Capitol
to 1917, hehelped select
|m the granite quarries in
" for the decoration of the
)sition to its installation.
died in 1930. His ashes,
and scattered over the
labored so diligently and
of heroic proportions.^*^
Trinidad SiNCE 1876
Let US turn now from the activities of the Jews along the mining
frontier and see them at work in the towns which lined the eastern
face of the Rockies, beginning with the far south. We have already
noted the beginnings of the Community in Trinidad. By 1876, there
were about fifteen families, most of them composed of young and
vigorous people, ready for the rigors of frontier life in a small adobe
town. They lived apparently without any formal social Organization.
In 1878 they or^anized Trinidad Lodge No. 293 of the order of
B'nai B'rith, which was installed by Louis Anfenger of Denver in
the Odd Fellows Hall.^^^ Samuel Jaffa became president, Solomon
Schwed, vice-president, David Gottlieb, treasurer, Isaac Levy, secre-
tary. Almost without exception, the members of this first lodge had
come from Prussia, Hannover, Bavaria, Bohemia, and the contiguous
provinces; most of them were Storekeepers or clerks in general mer-
chandising or clothing. A few came from eastern France, and among
these was the Sanders family.
The substantial farmhouse in which Simon Sanders was born^"*'' is
still preserved in Soetern, Alsace-Lorraine. Born there in 1845, he
came to this country in 1866, married a childhood friend, Jennie
Michael, and moved to Atchison County, Missouri, where a friend,
Harry Moses, already had a small störe. Malaria in the lowlands of
Missouri sent Sanders alone to Trinidad in 1879, where he estab-
lished a wholesale liquor business at Main and Convent, making
wide trips by wagon through southern Colorado and New Mexico;
a trip to Taos took him from five to six days. Harry Moses, who had
foUowed Sanders to Trinidad, had come from Robberhausen, Ger-
many, by way of Rockport, Missouri, and opened his first clothing
Store on West Main Street in 1883. Early in the twentieth Century,
he opened the general störe of H. Moses and Company on Commer-
cial Street, which was still in business in 1959.
As yet, Trinidad had no official Jewish Congregation, but on
July 23, 1883, seventeen men met with Max Eppstein of Denver at
the home of Sol Jaffa for the purpose of organizing a religious body.
They adopted by-laws, naming the group "Congregation Aaron of
Trinidad, State of Colorado," in honor of Aaron, the father of the
Jaffa brothers, who had been a Rabbi in Germany."" The twenty-
four men who signed the by-laws fixed dues at four dollars a year
141
Notes: Part One
Note,
I
^ t
I
dedicatcd 18"^5' ; Dcccnibcr 4, 1874, "CongrtfiaUon Emanuel organizcd wiih
forty mcmbcrs."
«*i?MN September 30, 1875, 4/3.
"^Bnai B'rith Dedication Manual (Denver, 1929), contains a runnin^ commentar)' on
the minutes from 1874 to 1929; the minutes are often quite füll and helpfui at
other times baffling imprecisc,
^^RMN of that date.
^iGeorge A. Forsyth, "A Frontier Fight," Harpers New Monthly Magazine, (June
1895), 42-62, reprinted in Thrilling Days of Arm) Life: Winfield Freeman*
"The Battle of Arikaree," Kansas Historical Collectton VI, 346-357; Paul I*
Wellman, Death on Horseback, (Philadelphia, 1947), pp. 81-7; Cyrus T. Brady
Inäian fights and Fighters (New York: 1904) ; Beecher Island Battle Memorial
Association, Beecher Island Annual, 6 volumes, 1869-1930, V (1917) contains
'Scout Schlesingers Story," pp. 43-49 and an appendix letter, pp. 50-51.
^2Merrill J. Mattes, "The Beecher Island Diary of Sigmund Schlesinger," Colorado
Magazine, XXIX (July, 1952), 161-9; Omaha World Herald, July 27, 195i
Cleveland Leader, February 5, 1905; Jewish Independent, September 14^ 1928-
American Legion Magazine March, 1942. ' *
T8p. 53ff.
^«Dictated to the secretary of Arthur Ridgway, copies appearing in part in such publica-
tions as Sarah Platt Decker Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution (G)I.
orado Springs, 1942), containing Helen M. Searey, 'Otto Mears," pp. 15.46
See also Sidney Jocknick, Early Days on the Western Slope of Colorado, (Den-
ver 1913) ; David Lavender, The Big Ditide (New York, 1948), pp. 93-178
^^Silter World (Lake City, Colorado), January 15, 1876, for typical adverti'sement
^^Trail III (November, 1910), 24-5 ; A R. Pelton, The San Luis Valley 1891, pp. 35.7
''''RMN January 7 and 8, 1879; R. G. Dill, Political Campaigns, pp. 28, 46; RMK
January 3, 1879, 4/6; Smiley, Colorado I, 629; Trail III (November, 1910),
24-5, obituary.
78PeIton, Valley, p. 30; RMN June 4, 1874, 2/3.
^öprank C. Spencer, Story of the San Luis Valley, 1925. p. 62; Pelton. Valley, p 37
^^Colorado II, 199.
^^Londoner, "Western Experiences."
^^Tri-Weekly Miners Register, August 22, 1862; Stone, Colorado, I, 151, view of O. K.
Store; Donald C Kemp, Colorado's Little Kingdom (Denver, 1949).
83He married Flora Goldbaum in Denver in 1862. Obituary in Trail. VII (January,
1915), 29; Tri-Weekly, May 30, 1863, November 3, 1862. In the 1870 census
he reports himself Russian born (Poland), with personal property of fourteen
hundred dollars, three children.
84
p. 10.
85|?/f 1908, p. 11 ; Vickers, Denver, p. 642; B'nai Brith Minutes passim.
«« 'Short Sketches of Gilpin County Pioneers," Central City Register-Call, November 24,
1939. He died in Denver February 2, 1941, and is buried in Mount Nebo.
^''Souvenir of Central City, Black Hawk, and Nevadaville (Denver, 1890), p. 41 ; for
Jacob Rachosfky in Nevadaville, see p. 52; Central Cit>' Opera House Associa-
tion, The Glory That Was Gold, (Denver, 1936 and later years).
^^American Jewish Yearbook (Philadelphia, 1900-1901).
^^RMN January 1, 1880, 7/1; A tribute to Jacobs and others in Hall, Colorado, II,
106-108; "Reminiscences of Sol. H. Jaffa," ]0 III (November 24, 1905), 46;
Obituar>', Denier Post, April 50, 1913.
»ojaffa, "Reminiscences," p. A6\ RMN April 7, 1870, 1/3; PWA interview with Jaffa,
Colorado Historical Society MSS Doc 359/8, p. 135ff; December 23, 1934;
Trinidad Chronicle News, September 15, 1929.
^^Trinidad Chronicle-News, May 4, 1909; Trail, I (May, 1909), 29; Gilbert Sanders,
"Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of Las Animas Lodge No. 28, AF&AM," 1950. Jew-
ish masters of this lodge include: Samuel Jaffa (1882), Sol. H. Jaffa (1885.
t
i
304
I
^nrifA
^^TrtrX
«•■^Advi
96Wil
«7G
»ftMy]
»»Ma
looM
lEstii
We\
*Mi
7D(
10 J
12c
lail
161
^otes.PartTuv
Notes : Part Tuo
IV (N'ovcmber 24. 1905) Th^ •
|direcu.ne$ "^f Jp«$ of
'. 18-9. .V Men.bers were: Nathan r
h Cooper. Alex B El.el. H. I Eu", *?""■
f L Goldin,, Barney Harris. Mcvc'h,"'^
aac Hat.enbach. Adolph H,r.ch S H ?
(•lenko, Isaac Hahn. I. A. Kamak S ^ ^'
f .d May. J. M.iler. W. RawTchef sl!^'',
s Lou.s ShoenberK. S. Shoenber« M ''
Vllnian. Oscar Zwillinc Af fK./*" ""^^
I and f.f.y doliars f„r .L ClUelan'd O^
funeral Company of Moynahan-OMalu U„
'80. 3/3.
I Baby Doe s Secret Love Code h
Indians .n the best Western style tZJ
[ober 3. .884 (Courtesy of thrA^S
>ber 28. 1883, November 21. I879 4.,
V Lodpe Establ.shed- For Oro Cm ^i;
h Guide, p. 67. '• *"
>rk. 193-, for the penealogy and the baM<.
\e of Colorado. Chicago, 1899. pp 129 >.a
' intcrMews ; for social life see^^l
>i the American Jewish Archives
:en to Congrepa.on Hebrew Educal.on,!
pass-m: JO November 11, 1905; ,„,„.
|8, and interview». The author is .ndebtcd
|rn Slope of Colorado, Denver. 19n
lJ7ff teils the Story most dramaticallv
XXIII (January. 1945). 76 For Mear,
sentative from Sapuache. Colorado. D.II
ys. Colorado State H.storical Society Clm
(July. 1937), 9; tablet. /><,.,, AuiuU
1 ; article David Lavender. Pou. Novem
ranch work. RMN June 2. 1899 3/6
tust 8 188-, 3/1; Pasadera Sur-Seu.
>. IV. 640-1.
[re deposited with the American Jeu.ih
k author in microfilm. Charter memben
^trauss. Edward Rosenwald. Morris Lf.>n
Cohn, Henry Jaffa, Isaac Levy. Hcno
senwald, Maurice Seligman, Alex Lex,
P
Lsen^^waM^Ber^d IlS SrF '' "'"--. •'^'^« '^°«"-'^' ^— I
v.ew w.th Mrs. G..bcr.°andns,Vimd°.d"^"'' '" ''"'"' ^^''^ «'t"- -"■
Justin, Trin.dad Public lZo ^»"«pondence with M.ss Ruth A.
»'•^•^TemDle A;,rMn \A ; ^■'"'y ^^' '9^6' 1 ; Cemetery records.
lempie Aaron Minutes. Tune 2^ i«fio- a^^ / i
dedicated. "^ ' ^*'' '^'"''"^''" /^~''/'/^, 1890, p. 209, Synagogue
"*Minutes of the Society 1894
'-Microfilm f?"" a"""'"" •''"'''' ^^^'"^"- Cincinnati.
'■"D^d c on p""" •"",'?*" J'rJ*^ ^'^'''^"' Cncinnati.
. "t^the C^nS.^^^^^^^ S ;tr.?r.r;83"^'-^^ '"• ^^ "^ «'"-
P 4. Appendix. ^'/^^'«^/«^ Z^z/i,«^ ^,,, Juäeuthums^ 1895, No. 47.
'^^Puehlo Chief tain, September 4-7 1900
"?«; ;f "■"»" »'■"" ■"■' *". p"*!»: ,„„„ o.,w, V, „.„.,., „
•«'^.7;rt/f.rf/f.?r<,^, April 14, 1952
American hraelite. October 17 1901
■"Incorporated October 25, 190*9 ( Incorporat.on Record CXLI 27S> A n- ■
Abraham February 26. 1910 ( Incorporation Record Cxttl 98^ "4"^^""'
dox Con^recat on at Coloradn Qr^r;«» u '^'^''"^°' ^^^>^i, 98). The Ortho-
of Trinidad wh" will t^, he 5frst *r!. ""^^^"^ ^'^^' ^ ^ Greenbloom
^^ America. ,s'rael,>e, FeLa^ n. ,910 TT"'''''' '"'''''' ''''''• '" «"^^ "^y"
ri" 7t:m No^T'" ^^'"'^^ ''- '^»^^■••'nventory of Jewish Bodies ,n Colo-
"«Myers. ■History." p 9
""loc. eh. ^
"'""S in"rhr6virvr;'id":.ars:a?:"ed'"f '"'"'"'■• ^""^- °'''°- - "«''^■
He came to Denver Tr^ploved bv thf ^ o ' ^ '""^ '" ^''"'^'^- Wyoming
made in real estate and bankin/ t.uT'r"?^''.^'^'"'"^ "''' ^°«""- ''a*
'^'Colorado Busines DnLoTor 180 ' ^j""''' ^'^'". comment on Myers.
Columbus. Ohio. ^ '' ■ ^»""Po-'d^n^e with Mrs. Lloyd R. Jackson.
,„li 5P"«"f' ^one) Mountain, Boston 1953- r„ftft/, r L t
■"^^^^"900790/""','^.^°?' ^"' '^"PP--- ^/> ^''
Lod,e'hanStn\L wa^ot wTne'MaVk?^^^^^ \ '^°' ^»"^ ^''^«" °^ «•-
the followinp names- J Got beL L j^ u '"J "j"'"' '" <="PP'^ ^reek. carrying
311
Nofes : Part Two
i
^^^Denrer Tribüne September 21, 1878; JO IV (November 24, 1905). "The Jrws of
Leadville," Bruno Grosser; Leadville directories
^^^LtjJi/lle W'etkl) Heralä, November 15, 18^9, 3. Members were: Nathan Gern,
Daniel Gohen, Samuel Gohen, Moses Gooper. Alex B. Eliel, H. J. Eliel, Isaac
Feist, Henry Frankel, G Goldstein, S. L. Golding, Barney Harris, Meyer Harris
of Boulder, Ellis Harris, A Hart, Isaac Hattenbach, Adolph Hirsch, S. Hirsch,
Louis Jacobs, Louis Janov/itz, Fred Jelenko, Isaac Hahn, I. A. Kamak, S. Kirsch-
ber^, Robert Lamm, Louis Levy, David May, J. Miller, W. Rawitcher, Samuel
Rieh, Isaac Samuels, Joseph Samuels, Louis Shoenber^, S. Shoenberg, Moses
Shoenber^, A. H. Thorn, Frederick Ullman, Oscar Zwillin/?. At the first meet-
ing. Jacob Schloss collected a hundred and fifty dollars for the Glevcland Orphan
Asyl um.
i33fhe author is indebted to the Leadville funeral Company of Moynahan-O'Malia for
a list of interments.
^^^Carbonate Weekly Chronicle, January 3, 1880, 3/3.
^^^Weekly Democrat January 1, 1881; Daily Heralä, November 11, 1888; Dill, "His-
tory," pp. 374-5; Caroline Bancroft, "Baby Doe's Secret Love Gode," Denier
Post, ut supra.
^^^Leaätille Weekly Democrat, January 1, 1881 ; Herald Democrat, January 1, 1887.
See Ruth Londoner's ' Jempson's Luck," Sons of Colorado, I (October, 1906),
8-15, for an account of an escape from Indians in the best Western style. Temple
dedication in American Israelite, October 3, 1884 (Gourtesy of the American
Jewish Archives).
^^"^ American Israelite, July 13, 1883; December 28, 1883; November 21, 1879, 4/3,
"Holiday Services and a B'nai B'rith Lodge Established. ' For Oro Gity, see
Postal and Kopperman, Jewish Tourist' s Guide, p. 67.
138^ O'Connor, The Guggenheims, New York, 1937, for the genealogy and the basic,
often-told story.
\i9CWC January 3, 1880, 3/8.
^*^Portrait and Biographical Recorä of the State of Colorado, Ghicago, 1899, pp. 129-30 ;
Outlook, III (November 24, 1905); inttrviews; for social life, see American
Israelite, Februar}' 15, 1884, courtesy of the American Jewish Archives.
^*^Two chairs and the Sefer Torah were taken to Gongregation Hebrew Educational
Alliance in Denver.
**2Cai-oline Bancroft, Famous Aspen, Denver, passim; JO November 11, 1905; inter-
views.
^*^Grand Junction Sentinel, November 1, 1928, and interviews. The author is indebted
to Mr. Percy S. Morris here.
^**Sidney Jocknick, Early Days an the Western Slope of Colorado, Denver, 1913.
i*5TED Minutes, Januar)' 27-29, 1899.
^*6l>avid Lavender, The Big Ditide, 1948, pp. l"^7ff teils the story most dramatically.
^*'For the Silverton Railroad of 1887, see D. B. Sanford, M. G. Poor, "The Historie
Silverton Railroad," Colorado Magazine. XXIII (January, 1945), 76. For Mears
see RMN January 2, 1883, 4/4, representative from Saguache, Golorado; Dill
Political Campaigns, 84 ; Guunison Kews, Colorado State Historical Society Clip
ping Book, I; Colorado Editor, XII (July, 1937), 9; tablet, Post, August 8
1926, 2; death, News. June 25, 1931, 1 ; articie David Lavender, Post. Novem
ber 21, 1948, Magazine section, p. 5; ranch work, RMN June 2, 1899, 3/6
plans for roads, Denier Tribüne. August 8, 1887, 3/1; Pasadena Star-News,
June 24, 1931, obituar}-; Stone, Colorado. IV, 640-1.
i*®Minute Books of the Lodge, 1878-1914 are deposited with the American Jewish
Archives, and were made available to the author in microfilm. Charter members:
Solomon Schwed, Samuel ]atfa, Louis Strauss, Edward Rosenwald, Morris Leon,
Philip Prager, M. Whiteman, Herman Gohn, Henry Jaffa, Isaac Levy, Henry
Biernbaum, David Gottlieb, Aaron Rosenwald, Maurice Seligman, Alex Levy,
I
310
f^otcs:PartTh
Tee
Notes: Part Three
ife Benins at 114 in New Denver H„
■einone medical scmce.' °
me
May 23. 1941 ; Hall. Cc/orWo IV „„
Warsaw .nd came to Denve^ .t 1^^,^
J3. 1958.
hist Group in Denver. Colorado" R.Kk
I typescnpt; /»«.„^J Outlook Seöti^'
years. containin« many „ew's S^t^'
D/N November 21, loio- p.ll i,
Cong^s. in DJS JaAuar^ 9 ^9 ^•"
in January, i960.
his education at Hebrew Union Cnll.„
• 15, 1939; October 29, 1943 "'«'
bntario, 1864, to Denver in 1879 as .
elped organized Gross Medical Coli,»
anatomy and physiology. '*«''
leptember, 1947.
22.
909. d.ed ,n Denver June 9. 1930 ^
Sara Sperber Gross in Mon real (/yk"
18.
1956.
fnited Sutes at the age of 34. He left
to hjm ,n the Denver press as the
a worker in various Palestinian orean-
^ry 25, 1951. *
>/N 1925 special issue, p 24
le Hooker Street Synagogue.
Brochure, January 31, 194 3.
>29; Pöj/ September 15. 1929, 16-1;
i
i
'«//N December 29. 1944, and December 27, 1945
^^ American Uraetite, XLV (October 20, 1898) 7
"IJY 1922, p 2^5' "' Kongregation was Joseph Greenste.n. "
TsT"' v*^"J?7 '^?''''"' ^'''''y ^'^'« °^ Jncorporation, vol 783 p 502
" '^""194/^"'" *■'"'"' '" Commemoration of TT,ree Anniversaries," November II
"••Seventy-fifü, Anniversary, 1876-1950, of Us Animas Lodge No. 28 Trinidad Colo
«do September 27. 1950.- Fast Masters induded: ^uel Jaffa ri892)&l
K.r/nö, ''/• JT- ''°°^' ^P"'-^ Freudenthal (1896 1897) H^rs^diJ
Kat2 (1911), A .H. Minton (1919). Geor« P Präger no)*/r- iiL- c j •'
(1935). Lee Heitier (1938) ^ * ' '^^' ^'"*" ^'*«"
"Trinidad Minutes. 1883-1834, are deposited with the American Jewish Archive* in
Cmcnnat. and were made available in microfilm Fam"esT 1956 T„H .4^5
^ Gottleib, Albert Moses. Mrs. Gilbert Sanders! iS^ Gbull. ^^e A "p^«
^»■■nJ^l i ' ""T ^'*"'*"' '^' R«fow"s. Sam Cohen, and Lee H^cr '^ '
DedKat.o„ Prognun, United Hebrew Center, September 10. 1 950. H;" January 23.
"Interviews. See Colorado Springs Gazette, February 8. 1945 3/3
Mhis promise was increasingly fulfilled
"Obituary D/N, November 17, 1920; See JO, IV (November 23 1906^ tn r„
""'""SZ.o"""™'*^'" "■'" """ ■- °™" '^'■' '■*»'' "->"» Hi.,0.,
"//N May 5, 1936.
"//N June 7, 1945.
«^//N July 5. 1945.
"National Opinion Research Center Report, Denver, 1945.
*M/y, 1939, p. 523.
»«An "Eighth Annual Victory Dinner." for example, awarded distinguished Service
Morris Miller, and Adolph Ki-$ler ^^amzcy,
»V/N June 19, 1941.
»mius this report was one in a long chain of surveys made to provide a basis for
»37/N July [7. t94T '" ^^'"'""'^^ Organization in Denver. ^" ''''
^*Ibid., for further considerations.
LTfK^T^^^""^'' ^' ^^^^ ' ^ *^^ ^/^ December 7, 1956.
•«//N July 31, 1947 ; September 18, 1947
»V/N August 2, 1951.
»«New York Gty, November, 1951.
»»//N February 11, 1954; February 18 1954
''ou!^!!L^^''' ^IT^"^ ?"' ^"P°^' 1955-1956. Denver. Colorado
^oilnterviews and //N December 6, 1957
nfnl.^* M f^^^^ ^""'^' °^ ''~^^ Institutions, which included the Bikur
-/>.Äary"2^^^ f-^J");.^^ "?- .^or the Aged Moshab Sekenim^Ä
rosf, january Z2, 1948, 27. A Pioneer Medical Center Moves Forward" i$ a bro-
315
n
APPENDIX F
•«
I
Presidents of Denver
David Kline 1372
Fred Z. Salomon 1372
Louis Anfenger 1372
John Eisner 1374
Samuel Cole 1374
Edward Pisko 1375
Benjamin Hamburger .... 1875
Charles M. Schayer 1876
Phil Trounstine i876
N. A. Heinsfurter I877
Edward Pisko 1377
Benjamin Hamburger 1878
Herman Silver ISIS
Isaac Davidson 1879
Max Epstein 1379
Albert Abel 1339
Ben W. Weisbart ....... 1330
Abraham Jacobs 1331
Jacob S. Appel 1331
Joseph Holtzman 1332
David E. Appel 1332
Michael Hattenbach 1333
Benjamin Hamburger 1383
Albert Abel 1334
Samuel Rose 1334
Sol L. Holzman 1335
Meyer Friedman 1335
Meyer Friedman 1336
Max Jarecki 1335
M. Morris iggj
Meyer Friedman 1337
Louis Anfenger 1333
Philip L. Alexander 1333
L. Friedenthal 1339
LODGE No. 171, B NAI BritH
Louis Anfenger iggc)
^-^"^^Levy ig5Q
Albert Robertson 139Q
Samuel Lehrman ig^j
T. J. Shandall jgnj
Alfred Muller 1392
Herman Blank 13^2
Henry Frankel 1393
Aaron F. Strauss 1393
Moses D. Altman 1394
David Cahn ' ' 1394
Arthur Prince 1395
Dr. Saling Simon 139g
Charles Weinberg .' 1397
Moses Marx 2393
Jacob Olcovich 1399
Edward Silberstein 1900
Milton L. Anfenger 1901
Ernest Morris 29Q2
JcJseph H. Harrison 1903
William L. Hahn 1904
Joseph S. Jaffa . . . . , iqq^
Nathan Rothschild 1906
Fred C. Anfenger 1907
Sigmond Strauss 1903
Milton M. Schayer 1909
Samuel R. Zwetow 1910
Leon Grauman 191 j
David E. Harlem 1912
Max S. Schayer 1913
Arthur E. Friedman 1914
Sidney J. Rinds 1915
Jacob J. Lieberman 1916
Simon J. Heller 1917
A
!
H.I
Jo
All
Pc
Edl
San
A
SinI
VC
Chi
Hai
Mai
A.
PhM
Phil
No
Loil
Ha:
Sani
Wi
Sani
Loti
Dr.
Abel
332
i
'S^PPA
Benjamin Jaffa
J2769 S.Garden Dr., Apt. 203
JLakcWorth, Florida 33461
Dec. 25^ 1978
Mrs. Gilbert Sanders
315 S. Sprue e Street
Trinidad, Col. 81032
Dear Mrs. Sanders:
First of all let me thank you for all your
efforts in providing me with inforraation about the Jaffa fa-
mlly and alco for the copies of chapter 6, which are probably
sections of a larger book, about '^The Jews of Southern Colo-
rado? This material is pricelcss, because it adds quite a
bit of Information about the family to the collection I have
already gathered. So far Ihave only been able to aquire da
background , starting out in Germany with Benjamin Jaffa,
who was bom in 1769« His Son was Aarore^ whose three sons and
one daughter emigrated to the D.S^ and settled in Trinidad»
Two sons, Nathan and Benjamin and a daughter Minna remained
in Germany, ( Nathan was the father of Ella Jaffa Strauss,
mother' of Kathan Strauss- Benjamin was my father 's father,)
I also have more Information about my Father ^s three brothers,
who lived in Trinidad first, and then moved on to Ilew Mexico,
But I knew very little about the activities of the three
brothers, Hienry,. Sam and Sol, who came to Trinidad, Therefore
yo\ir Information is much appreciated» I met uncle Sol in 1921,
\^A?hen he came to visit his stster Minna Sommer in foinebach^
the place, where all the Jaffas were bom* I remember him,
although I was only ^^. years old at the time, as a very char-
ming gentleman.Ke lived later on in Las Vegas, Where his son
and family were, until he died and according to your letter
was buried in Trinidad. The other name I recognized was that
of MR.& Mrs, Arthur Jaffa,, whose childjwras buried in Trinidad.
Arthur, uncle Sol 's son was married to ifcödfeft Jaffa, my first
cousin, daughter of Kathan Jaffa, who was my father 's oldest
brother, Do you know, if Uncle Sol had a daughter, who was
married in Kew York, but died young and left a son? Arthur
and ELeanore had two sons, one Robert in El Paso, Tex» the
other lives in Taiwan, China, We met his son , Michael, in
Albuquerq ue, where he resides» In los Angeles,, last suuimer,
we visited with Edgar Jaffa, who is the only surviving son
I
of Henry Jaffa* He showed us a collection of old family
photographs, but does not know too many of the persons
on them* Was he ever in touch with you? Re Is 86 years old.
One of his cousins (fatherSs sistcr^s daughter) lires in LA*
too. I don't believe, that the Goldemithe, that you mention^
are members of the family^ I only know, that the three brothers
had a sister, Sara, who was married to a Goldschmid^ and had
moved to Pensylvania, I have no records, whatsoever,. of Saa
or his family.. Did they remain fn Trinidad and is anyone of
their descendants living there now? By the way^ I am enclo-
sing an old photo, which my father had. The nanes are writtcn
on the back. Are ypq ablö^Mö^dgntify any of them? if you
can, pleass rfetum it td^Mvi^h^eir names. Thank you..
Now, to another fchag^er o5? fiüaily history. It was interesting
to leam, tha^ yoür •fempaö^iJaehf o^.ed by the three Jaffa
brothers in honor of their father Aaron, who, incidentally,
was my great-grandfather. I have aquired quite a bit of ma-
terial in connection with him. For instance, I have copies
of his original marriage contract (1836 j , I have a copy of
his Service Contract as a Jewish teacher at the Congregation
at Heinebach and another paper, called "Guidelines" as a teacher
The Originals were donated for safekeeping to the Museum
of the Yeshiva üniversity in 17ew Tork by James Heilbrunn*
He was married to one of aunt Minna »s daughters , Julchen
Sommer of Heinebach. Re also was a native of the towm and
much information regarding the family came from him. His
wife passed away about three years ago, he is about 86 yrs.
old and I still correspond with him* They had all these
memoirs in their possession and brought them with them^
when they had to leave Germany during the ITazi years. H«
still has two large pictures of Aaron and ELla Jaffa.
As to your question, I do know Nathan Strauss and I knew
his parents well. I talked to him in July, before we
went to New Mexico. I haven^t been in touch with him since,
but there is a possibilit,' that we may go on a 3 day trip
to Sarasota in January arid plan to look him up.
Fopefully, I will hear from you again and once more many,
many thanks for aU you have done. I take it, that you
and your husbandx are very active members in your Temple
IZAlTfil^^^^ ^" ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^-- L^e Sy JewiC.-
people still living iji the area, to Support Jewish lif e? ^ .
*-•
»::iai
REUOrON
t!
M
I r
I
478
AMERICAN JEWISH YBAR BOOK
iio7-n
from the Twenty-flrst Dlstrict. November 6, 1906
°'"' EfehtP^n?h''nu!'^ ^•'m'' ^"l- ^'^*='^'^ Assemblyman from the
Jfiignteenth Dlstrict, November 6, 1906.
^'''^Z'n'';tS''w^^'''^"' /^^^ ^^"^ ^'^y' re-elected a member of
i?lVÄmb"r'rim '^^" ^^^ ^^-^^^ ^^«•
Guggenheim, Simon, Denver, Colo., elected Senator in th« Pnn
gress of the United States, 1907. ^^'^*
"^^^hl'fd^term) ^^P^®^°"' ^*^" re-elected Mayor, April, 1906
Harawitz Abraham, New York City, re-elected Assemblyman
from the Eighth Dlstrict, November 6, 1906. «««™^'y°^an
Harris, AJ., Chicago, 111., elected Clerk of the Criminal Court of
Cook County, 111., November, 1906.
Harrison Joseph H., Denver, Colo., elected member of the Sen-
ate, in Colorado, November 6, 1906.
^''''^or;n^i''^n^';T; ^^° ^''•a^cJsco, Cal., elected member of the
Senate, in California, November, 1906.
Heineman David E Detroit, Mich., elected President of the Com-
mon Council, November, 1906.
Court of Chicago, November, 1906.
^^^'^fjlliy^- ^" Trinidad. Colo., elected City Treasurer. April.
*^'''T;Älo^^>ISu^^v.%^^^^' ^^^^' ^^^^^^d Speaker of the House
of the Seventh Utah Legislature, 1907.
Kahn Julius^ San Francisco, Cal., re-elected a member of the
national House of Representatives, November 6, 1906.
Kaufman, Moses, Lexington, Ky., re-elected City Auditor.
KoHLMAN, Samuel, San Francisco Cal., elected Assemblyman.
November, 1906. '
Lauer, Edgar J., New York City, elected Justice of the Municipal
Court for the Fourteenth Judlcial Dlstrict.
Lazarus, Fred., Lexington, Ky., elected Alderman.
Levi. Charles S., Rabbi at Peorla, 111., elected a member of the
Board of Education.
JEWS elected TO OFFICE
479
Marcus, Louis William, Buffalo, N. Y., elected as Justice of the
Supreme Court, November, 1906.
May, Barney, Harrisburg, Ore., re-elected Mayor, January, 1907.
Meyer, Adolph, New Orleans, La., re-elected a member of the
national House of Representatives, November 6, 1906.
Platzek, M. Wari,ey. New York City, elected Justice of the Su-
preme Court, November 6, 1906.
Prince, Leopold, New York City, elected Assemblyman from the
Twentysixth Dlstrict, November 6, 1906.
Reece, Pithjp. New York City, elected Assemblyman from the
Thirty-flrst Dlstrict, November 6, 1906.
RosALSKY, Otto A., New York City, elected Judge of the Court of
General Sessions, November 6, 1906.
Sabath, A. J., Chicago, Hl., elected member of the national House
of Representatives from the Eighth Dlstrict, November, 1906.
Samuixs, George, Oakland, Cal., elected Police Judge, November,
1906.
Saxe, Martin, New York City, elected member of the Senate, in
New York, from the Elghteenth Dlstrict, November 6, 1906.
Sloss, M. C, San Francisco, Cal., elected Judge of the Supreme
Court, November, 1906.
Stern, Adolph, New York City, elected Assemblyman from the
Slxth Dlstrict, November 6, 1906.
SzoLD, Jacob, Peorla, Hl., elected Alderman, March, 1907.
Tannenbaum, Moses. Denver, Colo., elected member of the House
of Representatives, in Colorado, November 6, 1906.
Taylor, Harry M., Portland, Me., elected Councllman, 1906.
Winthrop, Moses D., Minneapolls, Mlnn., elected to the Senate in
Minnesota.
Wolf, Harry B., Baltimore, Md., elected a member of the national
House of Representatives, from the Thlrd Dlstrict of Mary-
land. November 6, 1906.
^5
ip"^'
W*^'
T,> ■ Km"'
-m
.*
X
'.■ . n>'
'"Sf*
^^Ä^N
-> ^«-K% 7 ,,
3^*'^!
h^
'S
K)ATHAfJ
The Leading Facts of
NewMexican History
BY
RALPH EMERSON JWITCHELL, Esq.
VICE-PRESIDENT NEW MEXICO HISTORICAL SOCIETY
"A PEOPLE THAT TAKE NO PRIDE IN THE NOBLE ACHIEVEMENTS
OF REMOTE ANCESTORS WILL NEVER ACHIEVE ANYTHING WORTHY
TG BE REMEMBERED WITH PRIDE BY REMOTE DESCENDANTS. "
— Macaulav
VOL. II
THE TORCH PRESS
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA
1912
NEW MEXICAX IIISTORy
iign the ix>sition of governor wu-
.ho had served as chief justice of !?
for twelve years, was asked on v
-rm of court in Union eounty b
er he would accept the gov.^JJ^
7 an immediate answer The
December 20, 1909, bis nan,e S„"
)re8ident, he was duly confimied
the President, Governor Currv ««l .
1.19m Thiswasdone. o7Z^,
i, with simple ceremonies the 1
governor "' of NVw Mexico unT
the Act of March 3, 1851, took th'
oath of Office in front of the can
eoneourse of people. Chief J^^S''
d been named as the successor of th'
red the oath of office.
n in Yazoo Citv. Misüiiuinn; t.
\!t' l \"^P">n' and bis mother b7J '
ther having died «hen the governor'"'*
rivate schools and was Braduated f, '*■"
■a the law «hcol of Ys^eVnt^J^Hr 1^'.
January 14, 1885, to Alice wSL"''
r h.8 jjraduation he practiced law iS v!!
1.0intment to the chief justiceehTp öf ,?
nley, January 31. 189S, Buceeedine ^o ''"
■appo.nted by President Booeevelt^??^
fwi.STr^"^ *•"' legislative aseemb^o'f
I with the democratic party. When nL I
. it nus eonsidered that he wr^hat^.:^
■n >dem,fied with the republican SrM
I rary attammenta. His inaugural addrl^
a pohshed literary production.
( fi i ^lu ".* *' °' Scotchlrish ancestrr
l'fied with tbe patriotB of the Revoffi"
I arm^. H,s father was a Confede «,;
hol of Atlanta in 1886. He matriculate.1
rraduated fron, the law department of tb^
After hiB frraduation he entered the law
> former beiDg »ecretary of the interior
Grover Oeveland. His health becomi»;
e to New Mexico in 1894 and located at
•
I
S
1880 TO 1912
567
The out^inp governor, the justices of the supreme court, all of
jjie territorial oflBcials, and the ßecretar}% Nathan Jaffa.*" were
present. ^ Governor Curry made a short address, dealing with the
grient features of his administration, and Governor Mills, in an
Elaborate discourse, outlined the policies which would mark his
fondnet of public affairs.*^®
oonta F6 where he became aßsociate editor of the New Mexican. In 1895, he re-
mitned the practice of his profession. He held the ofl&ce of assistant to the attor-
lir for the court of pri\'ate land Claims where he added materially to his reputa-
ter
tion at the bar. He later held the office of attorney for the Pueblo Indians. After
♦he Spanish-American war, he was appointed a judge of the firet instiince in
the Philippines, where his labors came under the personal notice of President
Taft, then govemor-general of the Islands. Returning from the Philippines, in
ip03, he was appointed associate justice of the supreme court of New Mexico
•nd was re-appointed in 1907. Some of the most scholarly opinions of the
fourt, delivered by Judge Pope, are found in the reports. He was a member
Qf the board which had Charge of the rebuilding of the capitol. He was ap-
pointed Chief justice of the supreme court by President Taft in 1910 and
LtÄblished his headquarters at Roswell, where he had presided over the district
ooiirt for that district. He was nominated for the position of judge of tho
district court for the district of New Mexico by President Taft, January 22,
1912, his nomination being later confirmed by the Senate of the United States.
477 Nathan Jaffa, the last territorial secretary, is one of the most successful
and prominent business men of the southwest. The personal f riend of Governor
CüTTjy he received the appointment through the latter 'a recx)mmendation to the
President. He is a native of Germany and was bom, December 28, 1863. He
fsxne to America at the age of fourteen, locating at Trinidad, Colorado. After
a period of four years in that city, where he was engaged in various cmploy-
inents, he came to Las Vegas, New Mexico, where he took charge of the mer-
cantile establishment of Jaffa Brothers. Later he established the firm of
Jaffa-Prager Company, located at Roswell, where a great mercantile business
iras established. He married Essie Strauss, of Trinidad, Colorado. Durincj
bis term Mr. Jaffa made great improvement in the business methods of his
office. Prior to the State Convention of 1911 he was prominently considered
by many of the members of his party in connection with the nomination for
governor of the State, but declined to allow his name to go before the Con-
vention. He occupies a high position in the social and business life of New
Mexico and his Standing is owing to his own efforts. He is a type of the self-
mado American Citizen.
478 The personnel of the last supreme court of the territory of New Mexico
trns Chief justice, William H. Pope; associate justices, John R. McFie, Frank
W. Parker, Ira A. Abbott, Merritt C. Mechem, Clarence J. Roberts, and Edward
R. Wriglit.
Ira A. Abbott was appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of
New Mexico by President Roosevelt in December, 1904, succeeding Benjamin
S. Baker, one of the ablest jurists ever on the New Mexico bench. Judge
Abbott was bom in Bamard, Vermont, in 1845. He was a soldier during the
last year of the Civil War, in the 9th Vermont Volunteer Infantry, tend par-
ticipated in the closing events of the great struggle around Richmond, Vir-
ginia. His command was among the first to enter the capital of the Confed-
eracy after the surrender. After the war, Judge Abbott entered Dartmouth
College and graduated in 1870. He read law and also filled the chair of mathe-
matics in Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. He practiced law in Massachu-
MfFA
My\TM(J
1
^1
<,
Qeorge Qinj
1861 - 1947
t^n Autobiography
EDITED BY
H.B.HENING
IlhiStrated ii'ith Photograpbs
and
a Portrait and Sketches
by Sam Smith
\L CURRY
rait by Sam Smith
County Memorial Commlssion
I
-5 •*.» .rf##.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO PRESS
I
86
G r O R c. E C U R R Y
ing Irrigation works in the Pecos Valley. The bill, wh.ch passal and
was approved by Governor Thornton, permitted or.a.Lat.on of
Irrigation districts and issuance of securities acceptable to bond buvers
I he other bill created the New Mexico Military Institute at Roswell
and4>«indcd funds and bonding authority for its support as a Terri-
torial Institution. The Institute was destined to beconie one of the
toremost rmlitary schools of cur nation.
The previous Legislature passed a bill making the Goss Military
^>chooi at Roswell a Territorial institudon, but made no provision for
its support. Before going to Santa Fe I went to Rosu-cll for a Confer-
ence with Captain J. C. Lea, E. A. Cahoon, Nathan laffa and others
interested in the school. In a back room of the First National Bank
we prepared a bill which I later introduced as "Council Bill No 40 "
It was passed and approved by the Governor. The bill authorized a
bond issue of $15,000, a tax levy, required the donation of a tract of
not less than forty acres by the city of Roswell and also authorized
county commissioners of each county in the Territory to desianate one
Student annually, to be appointed after competitive examination and
to attend free of tuition fees.
As soon as the bill had been approved by the Governor, James J
Hagerman donated the forty acres of land. Governor Thornton ap-
pointed Captain Lea, Jim Hinkle and myself to the Board of Reaents
and asked me to recommend two Republjcans. I named E. A. Cahoon
and Nathan Jaffa. Captain Lea, always averse to holding public office
dechned and suggested the appointment of John W. Poe. Jim Hinkle'
then hving on his ranch on the lower Penasco River, also declined and
asked Thornton to name James Finley. These appointmcnts were
made and the Roswell Military Institute was on its way. Cahoon
Jafla and Poe continued to serve as regen ts until their dcaths and
with Captain Lea and Jim Hinkle, are to be credited both with crea-
tion of the school and its wise administration and development over
manyyears.
County division bobbed up briefly during my f^rst legislative Session
when a delegation from Deming came to Santa Fe and secured intro-
duction of a bill m the Senate creating the county of Florida, named
for the towering Florida mountains near Deming, which was named
as die county seat. J. A. Ancheta of opposing Grant County promptly
inoved to table the bill indefinitely, and his motion carried. However
the Deming pcople persisted and later secured the creation of Luna
i
LA
f^
•* *. *♦
IN THK TERRITÜRI.XL LLG
Countv, named in honor of S«
can national connnittccnian i
wiscparty Icadcr.
Anothcr bitter fight of my
introduced in the House by S
rebuilding in Santa Fe of th
been destroyed by fire. Senate
and Valencia counties oppose«
defeating Dame\s bill thcy m
capital to Albuquerque. Oppc
I fought this bill and had five
members. Senator Larragoitc
pectedly changed their positio
the Senate. Thus one of severa
before we achieved statehood
cf?ort to secure the capital, agi
for historical and sentimenta
Santa Fe forever.
Governor Thornton appoii
a cattle grower and developei
Commission, who speeded tl;
Session, in which I servcd as
Committee, we secured the
complete and furnish the nev\
In my first Service in the ^
steadily recurring iight ovcr l
provided for payment of ma-j
as clerks and ser^eants-at-an
employees were needed. Ho
Session, a horde of applicant^
been out of power for years ;i
appearcd in Santa Fe seekim
acts, passed an emcrgency
large numhcr of wholly um
then dclcgare to Congress, w
legislative scssion, secured ai
urer, forbidding him to pa^
along in the court for nearly 1
■»;■? ^
G E O K G E C U R R Y
he Philippincs, Congrcss had
1 Indian Territory as a single
to New Mexico and Arizona,
l^eople of the respective states.
w price, had voted to acccpt.
^ statchood.
\: dearer to mc than any othcr
|.ate, within its prcscnt bound-
definite commitmcnt he had
1 for New Mexico. He said:
red Joint statehood because it
)uld pass Congress. Too many
)m the Eastern states were op-
iizona equal representation in
states like New York and
sfy me. There was a definite
^e favorable to Joint statehood
id to advocate Single statehood
Lir approval and support, I do
rship."
vhich, however, seemed to me
•
ng ahead of you. Go ahead. I
rity of my regiment were men
lud hke very much to be able
Is before my term as President
d after thanking the President
ession of confidence in me, I
ro say that he was not satisfied
iry of the Territory, and act-
üvernor from New Mexico. I
for the secretaryship. My reply
L;ht best quahfied for the office,
i a competc-nt (nficial. Rooscvelt's ilissatis-
cr of the Territorial Land Conimi>sion in
nal tinibcriancib to tlic I\nn>\l\ania De-
GOVERNOR OF NEW MEXICO
.^
i
-o*
1
^03
that I would go to Roswell and after a Conference with this man and
assurance of his wiUingness to serve, I would wire his name. To this
the President a^reed.
At conclusion of this meeting with the President, I Icft for Roswell,
after wiring Secretary Raynolds that I would arrive in Santa Fe the
afternoon of August 7. Arriving in Roswell the aftcrnoon of August
6, I was welcomed by a reception committee and that night was ten-
dered a dinner attended by a large number of polidcal and business
leaders of southeastern New Mexico, among them former governor
Hagerman who greeted me cordially and extended his best wishes
for the "Job I was undertaking."
After the dinner crowd had dispersed, I had a long Conference with
Nathan Jaffa, a boyhood friend, now a prominent merchant and
banker of Roswell, to whom I oflfered the appointment of Secretary
of the Territory, assuring him that the President would approve my
recommendation. While a stalwart Republican, Jaffa had never
sought public office and was reluctant to accept. I told him that I
needed his help in what I knew would be a difficult job. He asked for
time to think it over, promising his answer early the following morn-
ing. He accepted. I wired the President his name and a brief Statement
of his qualifications. His appointment followed immediately. Jaifa's
advice and counsel and his sound administration of the office provcd
of great value to me and to New Mexico throughout my Service as
governor.
MY INAUGURATION AS GOVERNOR
A CARAVAN OF AUTOMOBILES, filled with a score of my Ros-
well friends, conducted me to Torrance the morning of August 7.
There I found a reception committee with a special train ready to take
me to Santa Fe. This reception committee was composed of both
Republicans and Democrats, all friends or acquaintances of earlier
ycars.
In the committee were W. C. McDonald who, during my absence
in the Philippines, had become one of the leading cattlemen of New
Mexico and who was dcstincd to become Xcw Mexico's fijst State
governor; Pat F. Garrctt, who had bcen both political cncmy"aATTally
during the years since his slaying of Billy the Kid; Andrew H. Hud-
spcth, latcr Democratic State chairman, United States marshal and a
2()6
CFORC, I (' r R R Y
the fcw monilis of his scrvicc wliidi prcccalal admission (if New
Mexico as our forty-sevciuh State.
After a fcw days spcnt in catching up with a nicss of olTicial and
personal correspondencc and routine cxccutivc maticrs, I calkd a
conmcitCe of all thc Territorial officials, with most of whoni 1 was
well acquainted. Nathan Jaffa had qualified as Secretary of thc
Territory and was present at this meeting.
All of thc officials tendcred thcir Services and cordial support. At
the same time, all of them tendcred their resignations, in cvent I
should wish to make changes. I had no wish to act'hastily and acceptcd
only one of these resignanons. Colonel George W. Pritchard, the at-
torney general, was an able lawyer and a friend of my Lincoln County
days. He knew that I wanted my friend Albert B. Fall as my legal
advisor and insisted on my acceptance of his resignation. This I did
and appointed Fall, who had agreed to accept the office and to rcmain
at least until I had my "feet on the ground."
Former Secretary Wallace Raynolds called to teil mc that he and
Mrs. Raynolds desired to take a vacation tour of several months. I
leased their home for threc months and hroiight my sons and the two
Filipino boys on from San Francisco. With them, at my invitation,
came my attractive young cousins, Maude Madden and Julia Miles,
daughters of my uncle Frank Madden, who remained for several
months, proving of much assistance in social affairs. My son Charles
was entered in the Roswell Military Academy and Frank in St.
Michael's College in Santa Fe, while the two Filipino boys entered
the public schools and assisted in household duties.
When my cousins returned home and as my lease of the Raynolds
home neared its end, I moved into rooms in the old Governor's Palace
on the Santa Fe Plaza, which I occupied jointly wäth Mr. and Mrs.
Robert P. Ervien, whose hospitality I enjoyed until the newly built
executive mansion w^as ready for occupancy.
Robert P. Ervien, a businessman of Clayton, Union County, had
been appointed Territorial Land Commissioner, after A. A. Kecn of
Albuquerque had resigned following his controversy with Governor
Hagerman over the Pennsylvania Development Company's timber
land deal. This was Hagerman's most successful and valuable official
selection.
After a talk with Ervien, I was glad to keep him in the office: a
'-'li
-^'r*-
G () V F R N O R 0 F N E W M E -\ I ("
sound businessman, hc had qu:
the more thaii six nnllion acn
Fergusson Act of 1896. Much c
and 36 in each township throi
steadcd, and our Land Commi
secdons in lieu of the homesteac;
In choosing these "lieu lands.
good judgemcnt, or both, blocl
eastern New Mexico. He was (
tions for the beneht of "big cat
In any event, their selection pr
and State, as it was from these
Mexico's vast development of o
eral rights of these lands were r^
or sale for grazing, much of th(
grazing lands.
In discussinir his land selecti(
that he believed oil and iras mi*
Mexico lands in Lea, Eddy and
sound, or his "hunch" correct,
retained in the office by Judgc
governor, and followina statel
office until his untimely death.
When our statehood enablin
32 in each township, or if prc\
posed of, the right to select equ;
gift of public domain amoun
Ervien followed his same poliJ
of mineral rights runnin^ to
judgemcnt that sound ranchii
lished and vast rcvcnues from (
therefrom have accrued to N\
State institutions.
THE COLONEL HELPS
AFTER MY OFFICIAL FA
rarily, I spent several weeks ii
towns of the Territory, visitin J
• • ♦
GEORGE CURRY
Chavcs County, I namcd these
Pollard of Deming; W. H. H.
irber of Carrizozo; Jerry Leahy
Icxandcr Rccd of Tierra Ama-
-, E. R. Wright of Santa Rosa,
ce of our State suprcme court,
)y the President's appointment
riet judgeship. Abbott, in the
-^d Robert Gortner, of the law
moved to California.
'Usly in favor of confirmlng all
exception of Otero, who was
nd L. Bradford Prince, a Ter-
ron sent w^ord to me that he
iid Prince. I knew that under
1 could be dcfeatcd. I called on
vas under oblirrations to Otero
1 the Rough Ridcr rcgimcnt,
.'in the friendship of Colonel
diip I could ncvcr have bccome
n to put himself in my place,
had conckulcd my story. He
1 in his namc, I will make the
id.
nee was not so generous. He
Otero's confirmation.
n a good governor and proved
ration of President Woodrow
hal of the Panama Canal Zone,
iving the rcspect of all New
THE LAST TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE
237
ernor, my relations with other
Te harnionious, as were those
tices. Scrving as district judges
' court wcrc William }. Mills,
: Ira A. Abbott, AlbiK|uerc]ue;
•MM«. m
Frank W. Parker, Las Cruces; William H. Pope, Roswcll; and Ed-
ward A. Mann, Alamogordo. Our population was growing and court
Business increasing. Delegate "Bull" Andrews succeeded in getting a
biU through Congress creating a Seventh Judicial District comprisina
Socorro and Sierra counties. After Consulting with the New Mexico
Bar Association and party leaders, I recommended Merritt C.
Mcchcm of Santa Rosa, for this judgeship. Mechem was then a mem-
ber of the Territorial Senate, where he had made a record for ability
and sound judgement. He was appointed and assigned to the new
district, with headquarters in Socorro. He was to serve in later years
as one of the best of our State governors.
Other United States appointees during my governorship were John
W. March, Surveyor General; Henry Bradshar, who had been Colonel
Roosevelt's orderly in Cuba, Collector of Internal Revenue; David
J. Leahy, former Rough Rider Lieutenant, United States Attorney;
C. M. Foraker, a brother of Senator Foraker of Indiana, United States
marshal. Last, but no means least. was Nathan Jaffa, Secretary of the
Territory. Jaffa was a tower of strength to me throughout my term.
Hi.s .-jonnd ;udaemenr nf men and aflFairs proved invaluable.
In making appointments to the Cattle Sanitary Board and the Sheep
Sanitary Board, I encountered difficulty. These boards were supported
by a special ta.\ per head on the livestock of the respective Industries.
The law required that both political parties be represented. All of the
more prominent cattlemen were Democrats, while practically all
shcep growers were Republicans. Terms of three membcrs of the
Sheep Sanitary Board were expiring. I reappointed Solomon Luna
as chairman, a position he had held for many useful years, Harry W.
Kelly of Las Vegas and Jack Ackers of Santa Fe.
Terms of all five members of the Cattle Sanitary Board were ex-
piring and I appointed W. C. McDonald of Lincoln County as chair-
man; my friend and fellow soldier, Charles L. Ballard of Chaves
County; Cole Railston, pioneer cowman of Socorro County; T. E.
Mitchell of Union County, who cstahlished one of the first and tincst
iicrds of rcgistered Hcreford cattle in New Mexico: and Victor Cul-
berson, of Grant County, then general manager of the great G O S
cattle ranch interests in New Mexico. All these men were leaders in
organizing the New Mexico Cattle Growers' Association, of later
years and continucti such leadcrship throughout thcir lifctimer."'Vic-
ror Culbcrson scrvai as president of the Association through two of
its carHcst and most difficult years. T. E. Mitchcirs son, Albert K.
;»«
MitJ.dl. cxpamlul Ins f.ulicT's ranchiiii; intfrcsts. strval as pa^-Jan
o{ thc A.iuTK-an Xatu.n.il Lncstock association aiul Wxauk r.a,--
nizcil as a Icadcr of tlu- nation's livcstock intlustry.
The New Mexico lncstock industry mav well takc pri.lc in tlie
records-of these two hoards down through'the vears. Rcaardk-ss of
changing pulitical adniinistrations ajid personal interests, dieir mem-
bers put the best interests of the growers first. They were the major
influence in checking livestock thefts and in wiping out infectioiis
diseases and maintaining health of New Mexico flocks and herds at
prohahly the highest Icvel of any of our Western states.
In my appointments to the various educational, charitable and penal
Institution boards, I disregarded political considerations, seeking the
best quahfied men I could induce to serve. It was difficult to get good
businessmen to give their time to Service on these boards, but the
record shows that I was remarkably successful. xMuch of the credit
for this is due Nathan laffa who worked with ine in inducinc; solukI
and busy men to acccpt these positions. All appointments to thcse
boards were confirmed by the Senate.
About the first of February, 1909, the new exccutive rcsidcnce,
across the strcct from the capitol grounds, was complctcd. Mr. and
Mrs. Robert P. Ervicn had consented to occupy the "mansion'' with
me. Wc moved into the building on the cightccnth of Fcbruary. Mrs.
Ervien proved an cfficient and charming hostess.
Toward the end of the legislative Session we gave several rcceptions
and dinners, one of these honoring thc judges of the supreme court
and a number of prominent members of the Bar Association. Thds
was followed by a dinner for members of the Territorial Senate. Our
dining room capacity did not permit seating all members of the House
of Representatives, so we entertained the House members in two
groups on succeeding cvenings. All these events were managed by
Mrs. Ervien and proved entirely successful.
The last New Mexico Territorial Legislature adjourned on the
eightecnth of March, 1909. An amendment to our statchood bill per-
miucd thc Omission of thc scssion of 191 1 to make way for our
Constitutional Convention.
.T MY REQUEST,
of $3,000 to pay exj|
Washington to wor
members of this committee,
Socorro; Gcori^e S. Klock (
Santa Fe; Vcnccslao Jaramilh
of Santa Rosa; W. E. Martin
Las Vegas. These patriotic Nc
pensation, paying thcir own c
returncd to thc trcasury.
Accompanying the oflicial c
A. Hawkins, E. L. Mcdler, H
William J. Mills and Judge
delc2:ation to Washington but
lative Session required my presc
The statehood committee n
its members left Washington,
the Position of our final fight
To His ExcELLixcY, George C
GovERxoR OF New Mexico
Sir:
Wc, thc committee appoin:
resolution passcd by the Thirtv
torv of New Mexico, to accon-
urge Congress to pass the enabll
New Mexico be empowered to
!►•••
• 44
.-M» ..V. * s^ifbPsilm.
• « • • •
GEORGE CURRY
pf statehood. This he did, al-
When I attempted an apology,
iPrcsident, while on his special
die FalFs speech irritated him
Ic toward New Mexico.
he private car of the president
|it President Taft's request the
rs for the El Paso ceremonies
Bursum and several members
)etween Taft and Diaz on the
•nts, surrounded by a heavy
le principal business streets of
reets in Juarez, Mexico, vvhere
imquet that night, attended by
gourparty.
lig between the two Presidents
El Paso; Felix Martinez, the
cxico, and James G. McNary,
nly Optic, thcn vice-president
Bank of El Paso. Socially and
c two Presidents was a great
rnational relations, I do not
r the rising tide of discontent
. which led eventually to the
ithern Republic.
line with Interior Department
asking permission to come to
inger replied in a curt notc,
ivate business. This, I feit was
ed to make the trip at my own
mdcnce was unavoidable be-
1 the govcrnor of a Territory
il of these exchanges Ballinger
latters and I could sce that it
ious clash would occur, with
; and to the President. More-
vhcn 1 saul tluu the irovernor-
rathcT than a profitable job,
LAST DAYS IN OFFICE
247
j
1^..
il
and that I needed to get into private business and carn somc money.
I decided to resign. Accordingly, I sent the following letter to the
President:
Santa Fe, New Mexico
October25, 1909
Hont. William H. Taft, President
Tue White House
Washington:, D. C.
Mv DEAR Mr. President:
I hereby respectfully tender you my resignation as Governor of the
Territory of New Mexico, to become effective February 28, 1910. By that
time practically all the measures undertaken during my administration
will have been finished. After retiring from the office of Governor I ex-
pect to remain in the Territory, and take this occasion to assure you of my
continued loyal support as a private Citizen. I hopc and belicvc you will
appoint as my successor a man to whom I can give my hearty support in
the administration of territorial affairs.
In tendering this resignation I sincerely regret that I am departing from
Service under you that has been so pleasant both in the Philippines and
in this country; but in view of the fact that I am a poor man and the oflice
of governor is not a profitable one, I find it nccessary to engage in private
business in order to recoup my finances.
With kind regards, I am, my dear Mr. President,
Very respectfully yours,
George Curry.
After mailing this letter, I called in Secretary Nathan laflPa. Solo-
mon Luna, the Republican national committeeman, and Holm O.
Bursum, the Republican Territorial chairman, and advised them that
my resignation was irrevocable, but asked that the resignation be kept
secret until the President had time to receive and accept it.
On November 17, I received the President's reply, as follows:
the white Hülse
Washington
November 13, 1909
Mv dcar Governor Currv:
I hase your letter ot October 2=;th, in which vou tcndcr vour rcsi^'natron
as (Jovernür ot the Territory, to bccorne ctfccti\e Fcbruarv 2S, idio. Yqu
say you do this h.r ihc purpose ot going into private business, and that
ti-.o ..rf,u- „t (;.,vcrnor ,s not a prohtahlc one. I apprcv^a. vour rcas.,ns.
aiid tluTfioK 1 ,ii\cpt vour riMgnation.
I tliank von lor y.uir proinisc „f loyal support as a prnau cUizai. both
Ol mysc h aiul your siuccssor.
•■-.U'^» •*' '"tily I" niy lonliJtnce in your hoiustv aiul lovaliv as a oti/cn
and your earncst cfTort to discharge your duiics dlkientlv' and ui ihc
interests of the public.
Sincerely yours,
William H. Taft
I Ion. George Curry
Governor of the Territory of New Mexico
Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Upon receipt of the President's letter, public announcemcnt of my
rcsignation and its acceptance was made in Washington and New
Mexico and a Hvcly campaign for the vacant governorsliip began.
\yinle I made no recommcntiation, my personal prefcrence w.ts
-Nathan Jnffa. the Territorial Secrctary. The President, however, actcd
promptly, appointing William J. mTiIs, then chicf justice of our
supreme court. Judge Mills, while not an active candidate, was satis-
factory to both Rcpublican party Icaders and the people of New
Mexico. His scicction, I am sure, was a personal one of the President's.
Dignified, an able lawyer, an exccllent judge, and extrcmcly conser-
vative, he was of the type that most appealed to President Taft. His
appointment proved populär with members of Congress and his con-
firmation by the Senate was prompt and unanimous. It also brouaht
to the support of our statehood bill some Senators who had previou'sly
opposed our admission, as they feit that Judge Mills would be either
our first State governor, or would be elected as one of our first
Senators.
The interval between announcemcnt of my resignation and the cnd
of February, 1910, was spent in visiting the several Territorial institu-
tions and in preparing my final report to the Secretary of the Intcrior.
Our Legislature met only in odd-numbertd years and I was happy
not to have another legislative Session to contend with. On ihc twcnty-
fifth of February, 1910, I vacated the exccutivc man^on so that it
could be made ready for Governor and Mrs. Mills. Mv fricnd and
former Rough Rider comrade, Henry P. Bradshar invitcd me to be
his guest. A round of social events in my honor followcd.
On the twenty-eighth of February, the day I vacated the executive
W^^^^
i..\.s] !• \ V s i .\ 0 r r u" 1.
oihcc. rlu- 'l'crrironal oiIkkiK
attcnilcii by all of iIkiii ani'
Neu* Mexico hiisincssmcn. 1 i
ciianioiui rinj;. \ coinpktc
cuizfns of Santa Fe am! iik
prcsciuing nie a silvcr luvin,
gravcd. The final gift was a fi
of many years, Niima Ravnv
j^aycrs of New Mexico. A vl\
and Mrs. MilLs coneliuled ili-^
In the morning of March
Citizens cscorted Governor M
dehvered a brief farevvell add
that my succcssor would give
all would be proud. Judge M
of an eloquent address, pledi^u
of hispredecessor.
With one exception, Govei
Office throucrhout his brief te
Klock, district attorney of
brought by Klock's political e
former judge Edward A. Mai
State supreme court whcre 1
ruling that an oflicial appoii;
the Senate could only be rem
office, and that no such proof h
After winding up personal
home in Tularosa, Otero Coi
ness with some promise of s
bcgun when I was called on
statehood.
262
(i r r> R(; 1- c \R R Y
\\ illiain r. McDiMKilJ was cltacd govcrnor ovcr Biirsuni, oii wliom
the fiision canipaiL;ii inaiiaocrs conccntratal tluir firc. The otficial
canvass gavc mc ihc ckvtioi] to Congrcss wirb :;o,i()2 votcs. Ilarvcy
R. Fcrgusson, Dcniocrat, was a close sccond with 2().()99 votcs. Othcr
RcpüI^lTcans clcctcd wcrc Robert P. Ervicn for Land Cominissioncr;
W. G. Sargent, State Auditor; Frank W. Parker and Clarence J.
Roberts to the supreme court, with Richard H. Hanna, fusion candi-
date as the third Justice; Matt S. Groves and Hucrh H. WilHams, cor-
poration commissioncrs. The rcmaindcr of ibc fusion ticket candidates
were victorious.
The RepubHcans had elected vvorking majorities in both branches
of the LegisLature. When President Taft signed the proclamation mak-
ing New Mexico a State, Governor McDonald immediately issucd his
call convening our first State Legislature, first order of business being
the election of two United States Senators.
The State canvassing board, consisting of Governor Mills, Sccretary
Nathan Jaffa and Chief Justice William H. Pope, was in Session until
the latter part of December. Several contests wcrc threatened and both
political parties employed expert accountants to assist in chccking the
returns. This delaycd ccrtification of the result of the election.
Immediately after rcceivinq; cur certificates, Mr. Fercrusson and I
went to Washington where on January 6, 1912, at one-thirty in the
afternoon, we presented a letter from Governor Mills to the President,
giving the report of the canvassing board and certifying that all provi-
sions of our enabling act had been complied with. President Taft im-
mediately issued his proclamation making New Mexico the forty-
seventh State in the Union.
After signing the proclamation, Mr. Taft said: "Well, it is all over.
I am glad to give you life." Then he added, smiling, "I hope you will
be healthy." A number of New Mexicans then in Washington were
present as the President declared New Mexico a State.
In the enabling act, New Mexico was given tw^o members of the
House of Representatives, but in the general apportionment passcd
later by the same Congrcss, New Mexico was entitled to but one mem-
ber. Both Fergusson and myself had been declared elected by our can-
vassing board.
Immediately after witnessing the signing of the President's procla-
mation, Mr. Fergusson and I proceeded to the Capitol where \vc
«.
STATF r I F(^ 1 1 ()\ Ä TU F '1
hlcd our crcdciuials wiih du (
gestion, we callcd on (!hainp <
Hou.sc, an old Inenti of Fcrgi
Mexico's fi^ht for staichootl.
The Speaker looked nie o\ >
doin^ here? New Mexico is on
Mr. Fergusson said: **Cham
titled to two congressmen, bu
passcd apportionment, which
mcniber. He received the lari'(
Clark hesitated briefly, then
on the other foot. We need yoi
can colleague, I am glad it is «
friends in the House during his
When the House convened
I were seatcd. Mr. Fergusson
majority leader Oscar Undei
State. My escorts were minorit\
liff, representative of the Loui.^
Fergusson, who had had w
w^hile our delegate in Congre.^
Public Lands and Indian Aflfai
ity party, my assignments wer
acje and Weiiihts and Measure
occupied by Delegate Willian
years, who left at once for Ne
one of the senatorships. I appc
native son of Taos County a
Weldon of Washington as cle
Governor McDonald had
March ii. Assuming that tw
Chairman Jaramillo and Nn
sent me a letter authorizing n
lican or^ianization in mattere
elected. Appointments pendii
judge, U.S. district attorney a
asked to present to the Presici
U.S. district judge; Stephen j|
attorney and Secundino Rom(
1247
JAK Kl IN. JUD
conliscatcd his propcriy. Ji considcrcd th.il ii had a rithl lo
colkcl ihc di-bis duc lo him.
■iW-, J V • "■"■''• '^"' ("■'<■'•" hu- J,r Min, m r/„, (1917)
2.' 32; M.Sicrn. in /GJÜ, 7(1937) 2441 "
|li>)
JAKI. (Heb^ Sr). wilc ol Heber thc Kenitc Jacl sicw
S.scru in thc uar ol »ücborah and »Barak apainsi thc
Canaan.ics (Judp. 4 5). His army roulcd bv Israel, Siscra
llcd on fool to Jacls tcnt. vsherc hc was ollcrcd hospjtality
and secunty. only to bc slain by her while he siept
(4.17 22). Deborah's propheey lo Barak thal thc lord
vvould "seil Sisera into the hand ol a woman" (4 9) was
Ihus fulfillcd. Jael-s decd received high praise from Dcborah
5:24 27). although it is doubtfui that it contributed to
Israel s victory. More likely, its importance lay in the
political signilicance ol the event. lor Jaels husband
"Heber the Kenite" (4:11. 17). was descended Ironi Jclhro'
the lather-m-lau of Moses. His clan had apparently been
alhed to »Jabin, IsraePs enemy lihiü.,. and the slavinp ol
Sisera mdicated a switch of loyalties back to Israel It
should be noted that an earlier relerence to Jael in the Song
of Dcborah (5:6) does not seem to be to the same person
The name Jacl ("wild goaf) appears in Ugaritic texts as
"'"•°'^'""^"- IN.M.S.)
In the Aggadah. Jael's action in killing Si.sera teaches that
a transgrcssion performed with good intern is more
mcntonous than a commandment performed with no intent
(Hör. lOb). But for her action, the childrcn of the
matriarchswouldhave been destroyed (Gen. R 48- 15) She
siew Sisera with a hammer and tent pin. rather than a spear
or sword m accordance uith the biblical commandment
Ueut. 22:5) prohibiting the use of weapons by women
(larg. Yer., Judges 5:26). She was a descendant of Jeihro
but whereas he received a redeemer (Moses) who was
fleeing from the enemy (Pharaoh). Jael received an enemy
(Sisera) uho was fleeing from the redeemer (Barak), and
k.lled him (Ex. R. 4:2). She was so attractive, that even her
voice rou.sed desire (Meg. 15a). Although Sisera had seven
sexual relations with her on thc day he fled from battle
she derived no gratification from these acts (Yev I03a-
Naz. 23b). She gave Sisera to drink of the milk of her
1248
breast^s (N.d. 55b) Dcborah blessed Jael and she was TiA f^Ä
•onsidcrcd cvcn grca.cr than Sarah. Rcbckah. Kachel, and -^ ^
leah(Na/. 2.1b).
lbi>.J
Bibliograph,: tM. 3 (I9.S«. indudcs bibliopraphv) sv
Ginzbcr,.,Legends.4(l9l3).37 38.6(1928). 1981 Hasid. lil"
lia-lmmU, ( 1964). 2()0 I . '•■■">. l- Mdsida, /,/„.,
general. S.sera. 7}x6i in. (19X17.2 cm.). Amsterdam. Rijks-
muscum,
JAE.N, City in Andalusia. southcrn Spain. A Jcuish
Community existed thcrc in the Muslim pcriod. The Ibn
Shaprut lamily originaied in Jaen. whence Isaac b. h/ra, thc
father of «Hisda. ibn Shaprut. moved to Cördoba Thc Jcws
m ihis period engaged in all branches of commerce and
especially ,n tanning. In the llth centurs Jews from Jaen
even em.grated to tre, Israel. Alter the murder of »Joseph
ha-Nagid. the son of »Samuel ha-Nagid, when a rebel-
l.on broke out in Jaen, thc Je.s had to pav a heaw in-
demnity. Al thc end of the llth centurv the communitv
U.S eadcd by R. ,saac who corresponded :irrs::
.h'^AlmlhLTrSn.^^^ ''''"''' '" - -' '--^
In 1246 Jaen wascaptured by Ferdinand III ofCastile It
was not until 1290 that the Jews of Jaen were requiredto
send a representative to the kmg to negoliate on the amount
Ol annual tax for which the Community was liable The Jews
in Jaen pursucd the same occupations as the rest of
Andalus.an Jewry, cultivating vineyards and engaging in
cralts and commerce. As customary in that period. manv
had business partnerships with Christians. The communii;
sufl-ered during the civil war between Pedro the Cruel and
Henry of Trastamara in the 1360s. Pedro, who calied the
Muslims Ol Granada to his aid. permitted ihem to take the
Jews Ol Jaen captive and seil them into slavery The
Community then numbered 300 families.
No details are known about the fate'of the Jews in Jaen
dunng the persecutions of 1391. but the number of Jews
uto left the faith increased. In 1473 riots againsi the
Conversos in Jaen broke out. Ten years later an edict of
expulsion was issued against the Jcws in Jaen as in all the
° , IV u . communiiies. In that year the Inquisition
estabhshed a tribunal at Jaen. Apparently the tribunal did
not continue to sit in Jaen but returned there in 1509 and
was reconstituted as a district court. In 1526 it was
amalgamated with the tribunal in Cördoba
B^bliography : H. C Lea. . muon oj ,he In.uisiUon oj Span, I
(1906), 548. Baer. Urkunden, index; Baer. Spain. index Baer
91 9?Suf 'T- ""-T' ''°^"- ' "^^^^>- "'• 2'0-. 2 •( ' :
91-92, Suarez Fernandez, Documentos, 326fr.
IH.B.]
JAFFA, German brothers who were early New Mexico
seitlers. Henry N. Jaffa (1846-1901) wem to the U S as
a young man and moved out We.st after the Civil War
estabhshing Stores in southcrn Colorado. In l879heopened
a business in Las Vegas. New Mexico, which he extended
to Albuquerque in 1882. When Albuquerque was incor-
porated in 1885, Jalfa became its first mayor. He organized
New Mexico-s lirst synagogue (1897) and participated in
civic and fraiernal aflairs. Nathan Jaffa (1863- 1945)
went to the U.S. from Germany in 1878. settling in
Trinidad. Colorado. After brief periods in Las Vegas and
Albuquerque. New Mexico ( 1899). Jafla became cashier of
the Bank of Roswell, N.M.. where he also led congre-
gatjonal life. From 1907 until New Mexico became a State
m 1912 he was its territorial secretary by presidential ap-
pointment. Later, he served for 15 years as regent of the
University of New Mexico, two years as mayor of Santa
Fe, and four years as chief State lax commissioner He be-
came cily Clerk of Las Vegas, N.M. (1938), and was an ac-
"'' '^'"^«"- IE GR.)
1^71
/•
1
!
New M
exico s
Ouest jor St ateno od
1846-1912
ROBERT \V. LARSON
f
I
T 1 1 K U N I \- 1: R S I T Y C) V X E W M K X I C 0 P R K^S S
/?4?
ig6
Ni \\ Ml \i( OS ( )i 1 "»r M)k Si \ I iinx
>n
bung.i e<KKl üoxeiiioi wlio mciitcd tlic coiihJuKc tluit tlic riisKluit li.ul
hcstowrd lipon liiiii.^'*
Vnü Otcio's affroiit runi.iiiial in tlic back of Catron's nund. Nor could
iu^-förgct that lic Lad oncc Ihch boss and that tlic vouna man bc li id
nistructcd to control siKcr scntnncnt at tlic I\cpubbcan nicctiiiga couplc
of years ago now held a position superior to bis. Soon an open, bitter fcud
broke out— one of the most famous in New Mexico politics. For ambi-
tious Kcpubhcans m tlic territory it was a matter of cIioosiiict onc sidc or
tlic otlicr; tbcrc was no niiddlc ground. Otcro sccniid to gaiii a fast ad-
\antagc in nunibcrs. Most of tbc proinising young kadcrs— Colts as tlicv
were called— threw in their lot with him. Such names as Iowa-born Holm
O. Bursum; Luna; Raynolds; Springer; Llewellyn; Cbarles A. Spiess, a
former law partner of Catron; Dona Ana attorney Albert B. Fall; Rodey;
Nathan JaflPa, one of the most successful merchants in the teniton^: and
Clancv c\'cntuallv sided with Otero. Catron had bis allics too. Accordins
to Otcro tbcy includcd Eugene A. Fiskc, a Santa Fean who bad conipcted
with Catron for tbc position of fcdcral district attorncv; Frederick "Fritz"
Müller, a Rougb Ridcr fricnd of Colonel Theodore Rooscvclt; and Wil-
liam M. Bcrgcr, a New Yorker who operated tbc Santa Fe Cnpitnl a papcr
wbich kept up a constant barragc against the govcrnor.^" Two cid Ring
mcmbcrs also were listed among the Otero detractors: Prince and Perca.
It is difficult to dcterminc wbich factor pla\cd tbc more important
role in the feud, political rivalry or personal animosity. Both were im-
portant and littlc attempt was madc to conceal citber. The dominccring,
dictatorial manner of each man accentuated confbcting political aspira-
tions. The clash was quite evident in anotber letter from Catron to Elkins
in wbich Catron noted that the governor's goal was to become United
States Senator when New Mexico was a State. ''Otero is puffed up with
[the] idea that he has grown to be a very great man . . . ."^^
The impact of the Otero-Catron feud upon statehood was most un-
fortunate. Its effects were not feit, however, until Perca was elected as
delegate over Fergusson in 1898 by a 2,163 ^'^te majorit^^ Perea's close
association with Catron placcd him right in tbc middle of the cross fire.
Otcro, recognizing tbc dclcgatc as a Catron man, opposcd him and latcr
dismissed bis term in Congress as a do-nothing one.^^' Perca in turn accused
the governor of working against him.-^ Tlie rcsult was that httle was
accomplisbcd at tbis timc in tbc strujz^lc for statehood.
Ncvertbclcss, any honest cvaluation of Perea's short tenure as delegate
is difficult bccause of tbc political forces involvcd. It is apparcnt that the
delegate was not a dynnmic, forccful pcrsonality. Tlie casual, dark-com-
plcxioned Republican introduced only one statehood bill in Congress
and it was never reportcd by the House Committee on the Tcrritories.^i
r
A NvA\ Fhx
On the otber hand, tbc dek .
boring territones, were e\c
from Ari/ona mtrodueed tw
was assisted in tbc u]^pcr Ih
ming who oflered a coinpan
Arizona legislature wbich pa^
one of wbich was couched 1
no such Support and, if inac
sensed little sentiment for st
was also actively representc
were introduced during the 5
Catron was impatient at
term. In one letter he advisc
prepared by Republican Col
tone of bis message was almo'
I have been anxiously thinking t'
for admission. ... I think von
Housc mccts. Von caii gct one o*
All von have to do it [sie] to sim|
the Spcakcr's desk. It will be pri
Tcrritories. 1 wish you would scn
come ncccssaiy to niakc some cha
you may introduce the sccond bil
and expcct to pass[,] shoiild not
Vou can alwavs avoid this bv finc'
then introduce a bill in accordanc
Athough the letter suggc
it must be remembered tha
who took great joy in dictati
Perea actually made a pleasr
the national capital conccr:
Pcrca's mild manncr, altho'
ron's or Fcrgusson's more fc
prejudices against bis peoplc
Otcro's Opposition to P'
\Mien spcculation about t
ing McKinlcy's re-election,
Catron launcbcd a campai
licvcd, must be describcd asi
in Office, and being a gamblei
ment. Catron probably da
that Otero opposcd public
<v> ■«»..,».*-.■>■
f-
<ICO's ÜUESI FÜR StaTEIIÜ(
)1)
'l'iiE Final Sieps
icn Hunt, who Iiad tra\cllccl to
ive laws a.nd constitutions, was
jr ncarlv two nionths of dcbatc
and a Constitution considcrcd
I
uicnt was tliouglit to hc niost
tlic nicasurc, onl\- Oregon liad
nstitution. Although Calitornia
icss of this instruuKnt of dircct
lusion üf judgcs in thc pro\ ibion
iing to thc Arizona rccall, anv
iionths or niorc, was subjcct to
per Cent of thc voters who par-
A'isiüns for dircct Icgislation in-
t of the voters could propose a
next elcction, thc law would be
. hercby 5 per cent of thc vote
!i) tlie peoplc of anv enaetnient
iniediatch' neecssary to prescrve
sappr()\al of tlieir Constitution,
viy on the subjcct. 'llie EI Paso
. lection to ratifv thc new instru-
illy wanted a Constitution, the
to rcject tlie instrunicnt adopted
t would ncNcr approvc thc docu-
Ulay. If thc peoplc rejcetcd the
' \()te on it again in a few weeks
i.'' Ihe New York Kvcning Posty
-especially rccall of judges— feit
Union will survive evcn if Ari-
of thc Suprenic Court at Wash-
t Plioenix . . . .'"^ Perhaps this
• iMtifled thc Constitution bv a
oiib about the neu Constitution
>\isions for dircct legislation. **I
rcfercnduni, or rccall; they are
it in tli'. (liicetion of anarehy in
ill be nihilists m a k\\ years or
1 10 au st II tm:^ Mu h a iii()\enient
;U( li iiH'ic pittuit tu'ure, fornier
289
i
I
President Roüscnclt, gave the new document Im uholchc.rtcd support»
or tl e'" 11 ?.'%".^"^^^^°"^^-=^tne.foIlowing a year latcr by co.na i out
tor the recallofiudicialdccisionbv populär vote
seih-'in •^''■'^'<;^"^J'"''^;^^l'^^d that the controversv over Anzona's con-
t:tuaüu u-ould affect thcm. Thcv were iKU.ng thc.r ow„ problcm. for
hc tern or,a ^■otc uh:ch had rafficd thc eonst.tutu.u was bciug duü-
Icngcd. Local prohib.t.oimts. includiug thrcc niin.sters fron, Albuqucr-
quc, had arouscd the national \\-.C.T.U. and Ant.-Saloon Lcague iath
ccu.atu)ns of " rand. br,ber^•. v,olcnce, and nUnindation." Letters and
tclegranis puured into the IIousc of Representatnes and Senate askin. for
a eüngress.onal nnestigat.on of the Januan- zi election.'» A fornicr'en-
ator ron, New Ilanip.lnre. Ilenrv W. Blair, was leader of thc attack in
Washington. Aetnig as attorney for protestnig New Mexieans he pro-
dueed a letter fron, a Repubhean leader ni New Mex.eo to the members
of the Repubhean central committee with the admonition- "Be sure if
}ou can . . . [to] see that no ballots against the Constitution are printed ""
1 he House Committee on the Territories feit eompelled to draft four res-
oiutions three of which endorsed the Constitution and relicvcd thc com-
mittee of respons.bihty for m vcstigating thc matter. The fourth rcsolution
wh.ch rcquired aetion. statcd that the committee desired furthcr mforma-
tion upon the quest.on of the validitv of the elections for the ratif^cation
or re)cction of the Constitution."i-
Andrews sensing the scriousness of the Situation, wired officers and
Uect.on I hese wcre prcsented to the llonse con.nuttee along w.th a
ajn- „f the govemor s proclan.ation of Januarv :o, h)i .. rcquesting pcacc
-thccr,ynKl d.strict attorncvs to mquire into all complamts of frm'd or
mtmndatK.n and -v^nrouslv pr(;.ccute" them.n 'l l,,. affuhuitv showed
ti.at ballots were prmtcd and d.stnbuted m e^■ery countv and precn.ct
of the Territory of New Mexico, that saloons were closed all dav on
lanuarv :i and m manv placcs did not opcn until the following moniin.
and that Order and peace prevailed throughout the territory on an election
aavtreetroin intimidatinn. bribervorcorruption "'5
Ihc affidavit frnm Santa Fe Conntv was an 'espec.allv forcfnl „„c
^|^nui b^ such pmn.niuit rcsulcnts as Catron. Nathan f.ilta. s.uxta.v „t
•^'"^V";'"-^"^' Iknjanun M. Read, a pronnnüit pruInb.tuMust. it o,n- "
tencicd that the charges made regarding the election were "wieked and
■nalic.ous slanders on our good people." It denied that the registration
Ms wcre trau.h.lcnt, ,ukI that saionnkecpers gavc ^ntc,s hcm.,r and fmccd
tliun t„ v„tc for tlK . abtitutH.n. Kver\ sal<i,.„ ,„ Santa I c u i<j TlTrcd
*'"" niidna;!,! „f J inii.in :: to mulm^ht nf faniun :: t|,c du utcr
^l^^tiM,, lK,„g Snn.Lu It .lUo swna that an ciuil nn,.!,,, nf l,,li,,K fnr
-nlifÄrix^/ff^ii/jÜri-i-J:^
O'S OUEST FOR SlATKIIOOn
Chief Justice of thc Tcrriton' of
sed State of New Mexico, at Elec-
booklct wliich contaiiis brcakdowii
Mills. Secrctarv Nathan fafla. and
lg Specific Public Bill 11. R. iSi6r,
Notes Chapter X\'II
367
New York: Lewis Ilistorical Pub-
i the Initiative and Referenduni,"
. 1S5.
; Peplow, pp. 18-21.
ieadiight, February 9, 1911, Dargaii
", as quotcd in Arizona Code, com-
me Court of Arizona ( Indianapolis:
ipers.
rs. R()ose\elt believed the Arizona
;h in 1910 he prcferred the removal
le former President did insist, how-
\ eminent" to denv thc people of
it their judicial svstein should be.
t the Judiciar\ ," Outlook, June 24,
Icxico was iinequivocal, urj^iiig his
1 the New Mexico Bill." May 23.
)argan Papers. Among the critical
i Congress were those from Rev. S.
dist Mission and other pastors, Rev.
)n League, and Pitt Ross, president
iry 15, 1911; S. E. Nicholson, legis-
^ America, February' 11, 1911; Mrs.
V \^ , undated; Marv F. Bürger of
retard- of WC. T.U. of X'alcncia
v(' :;V < Hher iiiessages of protest
y a group of Santa Fe Citizens com-
d a February 26, 1911, night letter
d the election but complained that
\\ aid to Roman Catholic hospitals
fitkd "W Memorial and Petition."
Tictestant ckrt;\iiRn and Citizens.
M')h nid M I Res :^g. N.\. RG
'- ^
11. Letter from Jose D. Sena enclosed in Blair to Beveridge, Februar}' 11, 1911
Senator Blair also wrote another letter to Beveridge on February 8 and one to Pres-
ident Taft on February- 7. On March 5, 1911, he filed a critical Statement with the
Senate Committee on Territories. See pamphlet entitled Constitution of Veu- \/e.v-
ico enclosed in packet with H. J. Res. 14, NA, RG 233.
12. Statement by Andrews regarding the four resolutions adopted Februan- :i,
1911. bv thc Committee on the Territories and containcd in a f^le box entitled "State-
ment and papers relatmg to the New Mexico Constitution. 191 1," Special Collections
Division, University of New Mexico Librarv. Albuquerque. Hercaftcr cited as \ndrews
File.
13. Affidavits in Andrews File. Other letters and affidavits in support of the fairness
of the election include correspondence from IL A. Wolford, Republican chairman
of Sierra County, Februarv 20. 1911; officials and Citizens from X'alencia County,
February 20, 1911; Citizens from Quav Count\-, Februarv 20. 1911- Citizens froni
Farmmgton, San Juan County, February 20, 1911; John \'. Conwav, Superintendent of
the Santa Fe County public schools, February 20, 191 1; Damacio Tafova, chairman of
the county commissioners of Mora County, Februar^' 20, 1911; Father Florentine
Meyers of Gallup, undated and notarized; Citizens of San Juan County, February -2
1911; Roosevelt County Democrats, undated; and T. J. Walrath. president of Belen
Commonwealth Club, February 23, 1911. The gist of these letters was that the elec-
tion was a clean one and the saloons were closed the entire dav. Papers Accompanving
Specific Public Bill IL R. 1S166 and H.J. Res. 289, N.-\, RG 253. '
14. Andrews File. Included with this is a certificate signed on February 22 1911
by Nathan Jaffa, secretary of the territorv. declaring this copv of the proclamation to
be the same as the original. Also in the file is a letter from Frank \V . Clancv, attr)niev
general, advising Jaffa to write each probate clerk instructing him to have printcd an
eqiial number of ballots for or against the Constitution, and Jaffa's response which
indicated he had done this.
1 V Statement by Andrews u.sed as a cover letter for the affidavits. Andrews File.
16. Andrews File. There was a hcatcd controversy in Rio Arriba Countv ovcr elec-
tion h\\\nh, an Fdwin L. Broadwell of Ranchitos charging on April z-, igu. that the
only ballots pro\ idcd wirc those iiscd to vote for thc C(Mistitution. W'hen Broadwell
asked the election )udgc if he could cro.s out "for" and write in •'against." he was
told that his vote would onlv count if he used an official ballot. About sixt\- hrown-
colored ballots from Rio Arriba County labeled in both English and Spanish "Against
the Constitution" were, however, submitted to Congress to refute Broadwell's Charge.
Letters and ballots enclosed in packet with IL J. Res. 14. NA, RG 2-,^ Broadwell was
supported by Benedicto Naranjo who claimed that 200 people who opposed the Con-
stitution could not vote because the appropriate ballots had not been printed. Naranjo
to namilt«)n. Februarv iq. igii, Papers Accompanving Specific Public BiU H R
iSi^)f)andII. I Res. :S,). NA. RG ::;.^.
1 -. Cop\ of rresident Tatt's message. .\ndreus File.
iS. February 24. 1911, Oargan Papers.
19. Account by Andrews in Albuquerque Mornmg Journal undated, Andrews
Scrapbook.
20. US Cniic.ress/on.2/ RecorJ, 6 ist Concr . :;rd Scss . igii. P.irt ;, pp 4; 19-20
:i luifclu!). l licl c.hhn^ l'Act^ (){ Scw \k-\iLcUi Uistnr\ . II. ;gi
:: (\itrcn to Andrews. March 2. i()ii.Catr()n Papers
As .jMotul in thc Oiitlonk iCarri/ozo!, April :i. k)ii. .Xndnus Seraph..., k
4 l'i }'isi> / lUKs. Aprii 1. igi 1. Parijan Papc r>
- >
m
1 r%\%ict^^
fi I
lONEER JEWS
1
i
■I
A New Life in the FarWest
U
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1
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Harriet and Fred Rochlin
Houghlon Mifflin Company
Boston
1984
*•
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212
As the miinlK'i orcoiigirgations in the Far
West increased, so did tlie compctitioii fbr suit-
able Spiritual leaders. Befoie 1840 lew oidaiiied
rabhis would coiisidei coininjr (o the notoriously
iireligious United States. 1 hose who did coine
might be out of f avor at hoiue oi in flight Irom
personal probleins; or they were inissionaries
willing to sacrifke a few years to the reclamatiou
of the ignorant, if not downright sinfui, Amer-
ican Jews. Between 1840 and 1880 more rabbis,
German Reform and Orthodox, were among the
tens of thousands of Jews entering the New
World. Ihe most desirable were snapped up by
congregations east of the Rockies or by the few
af fluent groups on the West C:()ast. After the f irst
American rabbinical schools, the Reform He-
brew Union College (HUC), (ounded in 1875,
and the Jewish I heological Seminary, estab-
lished in 1887, began graduating spiiitual lead-
ers, the |)r()l)lem eased. As more rabhis capable
of leadinga modern, Arne? i( an ( oiigic ^inion be-
( ame ;ivailal)l(\ \\ (oic? ic ol (jisiifionisficd [euish
Spiritual leaders enieii-ed in ihe |.;,i West. 1 he\
bioughl a lountainhead of Jewish knowledge and
practice to their congiegaius and to jews in sur-
rounding hinterlands. Ihey also proN ided mod-
eis of exemplary Jews to the public at large and
stiimdated interest in human betterment, edu-
cation, and aid to the needy. Representative of
these Spiritual leaders were such men as Leopold
Freudenthal oflrinidad, Colorado; Rabbi Mar-
tin Zielonka of Fl Faso, lexas; and Dr. William
Friedman of Denver.
Leopold Freudenthal was the first rabbi to
hold the pulpit at the Reform lemple Aaron in
Trinidad, a small coal-mining town on the Pur-
gatoire River in southern Colorado. He arrived
in December 1889. His initial rabbinical duty was
to lead a dedication ceremony for the uiuisually
handsonie, two-story bric k and sandstone lem-
ple, graced by stained-glass Windows vividly il-
lustrating biblical scenes. During his twenty-six
years in of fke, the learned rabbi, a graduate of
Heidelberg University, activelv eiK ouraged Jew-
ish practice and disseminated Judaic values in
this coal and railroad center. Rabbi Fieuden-
thal's duties included counseling, a weekly Ser-
vice, and direction of the Sundav school. Both
-fo
JAP(^A
Pioneer Jews
the school and his \ loly Day Services drew people
from flfty miles around. Freudenthal also trav-
eled in southern Colorado and New Mexico to
of fkiate at marriages, burials. and ( irc uin( isions
and to conduct Bar Mit/vah Services. Freuden-
thal's circumcision recoid book sliows he per-
formed the rite on about two hundred Jewish
infants. He was also an active Mason and an
influential member of die'irinidad School Board.
By the turn of the Century, natural gas and
oil were cutting into Ii inidad s coal prof its and
slowhig business. Many Jewish merchants began
seeking a livelier market phue. As the congre-
gation dwindied, the rabbi agreed to two salary
cuts. Whenhediedin 19ir), anoiher rabbi brielly
beld his office. I hen one ol Fieudenthafs ded-
icated followers, Cnibert Sanders, ii member of
a pioneer Jewish family of Trinidad and an at-
lorney and respected civic leadei, look over as
lay rabbi.
Rabbi Leofwld licudnUhal {1 ShS-l9l6) mis the Spirit-
ual leader of Tnnplc Aauw in Trinidad, Colorado, from
18S9 until his drath iti 1916. Cointrsy, Ihatrice Sanders,
Trinidad, Color<ido
,f>rpft4%'*,.v*nif-
■ '*$timfii)a <*iNfcv<^.n-'.
,^*-^WW»yi-'-*-'"^r>'
^«^;^^iMRM»:>'<^i««ji^
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4
ALLEN Ji/PontBRECK Pb. D.
The Unhersit) of Denver
UAFBA
The Centennial
Hi Story ofthejeivs
of Colorado
1839 - 1939
i\
•
The Untversity of Denver
Department of History Sertes
The West in American Htstory-^Number One
The Hirschfeld Press • Denver, Colorado
1960
' V -.,
-^: ih
'?<»IK
«J
:
t t
' I
The Ear liest Westerfj
ers
Trin.d .,1 OM,« . T. , ^^'^"' ^^""f ^'0 miles Southwest of
I r n dad. Others included Isaac and Alexander Levy, Henry and
SllLMa. Abc Mansbach. Henry ß.ernbaum and J ur.ce V'se
l-o brothers. Henry and Sollaffa^ook turns read.n^^ the f rst Serv
H^nblT Hes Tk' 'T ^^'^^ -^^^^^hex ^ad been bin ^
H'-nry and Samuel moved .n 1862 tu Keokuk, I„wa, and were
lomcd by Sei ,n 1865. Henry Jaffa moved west after the C.v,! wlr
cnter.n, the f.rm of Henry and Marcus B.ernhaum. a ,.n r me r
chand.se f.rm ,n Mora. New Mex.co. XVhen Henrv Jaffa took
c ar,e of H. H.crnhaum and Company in Tr.n.dad. Sol fotl,.: ^
'"•" and ser up a small störe wh.ch he rented from Fr. Munnecum
pastor of the local Roman Cathol.c Church.- unnecum.
Hiismess was .^ood for stores supplym^- travelers (,n the Tra.l
nd prov.s.omnq the wa^^.n trains and m.grants who were slowly
nckhn, mto the vast watershed of the Arkansas as farmers and
ranche s. In September, 1871. Henry and Sol Jaffa opened the
K-era störe of 'Jaffa Brothers' at the corner J Mam rnTcom
meraa caterm,^ to a populatron of 1500. of whom 1000 were
Spanish-Americans, the rest 'i'ankee easterncrs
By 1872, the town of Trinidad was very much alive filled on
week-ends and hohdays w.th cowboys attracted by the oppo lies
»r .cambhn,. and dnnkmg wh.ch a wide-open f rontier to.^^afford d
Durm^ that year WaeLJaffajomec^^ busmess in
the first of a numher of st^^^eT^h.ch the fam.ly ownedliT^thern
Colorado and New Mexico, includin, the 'White House Comme"
c.a Company Samuel represented the Jaffa family in pol.tical
T;in2d'"he h '""'' ^'r ''' ''^^""'^ ""'''' -- e'stabh^hed m
Irinidad^he became a charter member.- The first meetinc room
00 t ? :r "^f '"' 'y "• ^'""''•^"- -'^ Company^in h"
200 Block on West Main Street. Hy 1876, Trinidad had become a
busy res.dent.al and commercial center, and on February lOth the
^rst'fir I Tr'^"' -ncorporated the town. As president of the
iiljUoMd of Trustees. Samn.l l.ff, served as M.vnr and Isaac
L^^T anTÄbe Mansk.ch^ccanie trusteel ^'
Berween 1871. the date of the first Mnn... and the founding of
50
u
Jeus in Southern Ct
the local chapter of
slowly. Many trekj
and finally rode L'rl
Kansas City.
The career of
the romancc of Wej
Saarbrücken, young
avoided military sei
arriving at Castle
Station. He opened
he lost all his moni
supplied cowhands \j
Texas, sellint,' thesc
on the crates in whij
Aaron Rosenwal'
in Trinidad, and brJ
^'cars later, (JottlicH
from Denver by st,
teeth; as the stagc
stopped by a groupl
Court was hcld on il
nounced, a dozen ro
dctails of a lynchinJ
him barricaded bchif
touched it.
Göttlich formed
othcr gunmcn."- Thel
in town stabbed ond
morning the same sti
and refuscd to pay fc
him.self on the floor.
Gottlieb off, the stl
stabbed Bernard, anc
"keep travcling." In
storekeeping in Ote
acquired for fifteen
Las Animas County,
at Cokedale.
Another settler, BI
«MINMA..
Covimunit) Leadership Detelops
the Lod^es.**** Thcy developed a permanent Organization and elected
Rabbi Kauvar president for three terms.
In the third year of its existence, the executive group organized
the "Jewish Aid Society/' on December 3, 1915, and elected Joseph
)affa as President. Nathan Rothschild, whose mother had been
active in charity work, became secretary, serving for thirty-six years.
Presidents Jaffa and Samuel Kohn directed the relief work at 17th
and Curtis, with Mrs. Ray David as Superintendent. The Aid Society
became a cooperatmg agency of the Denver Federation for Charity
in 1917.
As the Outlook had by now gone out of existence, the matter of
a Jewish newspaper camc beforc the Central Council in June, 1914,
and out of the rieh and secmingly tireless mmd of Dr. Charles D.
Spivak camc the mspiration for a ncw paper.'"" A committee, in-
cluding Spivak. M. S. Radetsky, Meyer Friedman and Ed Monash,
cxplored the possibilities of a paper. and fmally, on Fcbruary 26,
1915, the first issue of the Dttncr Jcwish News appeared, with sub-
scriptions at a dollar a year.""
A smailer and less pretentious organ than the Outlook, the new
paper was lively and forthright, covering stories from both sides of
town without discrimination; Spivak's inimitable style, füll of exu-
berant vitality, can be seen in many of the articles, signed as well as
unsigned. He answered charges of discrimination with dignity, and
defended the Orthodox way of life, although he placed himsclf
scjuarely in the ranks of the "Hnlightenment":'"'
If 1 were to name the aristocrats among the Denver Jews, I
would point to West Colfax . . . It is there that more money
and brains are spent on Jewish education than in all the other
districts of Denver put together; and the extremes meet in
West Colfax. On the one band is the Orthodox Talmud
Torah, the onjy school where the Talmud is taught, and on
the other band the National Jewish Radical School, where
only nationalistic ideas are implanted, and no dogmas taught.
It is in Colfax where Jewish iiterature, Jewish music, and
Jewish drama are studied, cultivated, and supported. It is in
Colfax that attempts have been made to organize and main-
tain a library. It is in West Colfax that charity, even if col-
t|
111
•15
Frontiers Beyond Detiver
Ld
V&
Trinidad Sinci: 1876
I)
f
im
fd
'P
;e
:d
l)f
:o
Ist
IS
'S,
IC
:d
li
t
in
IC
m •
HC
ld
147
1
Let US turn now from the activities of the Jcws c^lon^^ thc mining
fronticr and see thcm at work in the towns which lined the eastern
face of the Rockies, bei^innini; with thc far south. Wc have already
notcd thc bct:innin^»s of thc Community in Trinidad. By 1876, thcre
wcre about fifteen familics, most of tlicm composcd of young and
vigorous pcople, ready for the rigors of fronticr hfc in a small adobe
town. They hvcd apparcntly without any formal social ori^anization.
In 1878 thcy oruanizcd Trinidad Lod.^c No. 293 of thc order of
H'nai B'rith, w hich was installcd by Louis Anfeni^^cr of Denver in
thc üdd Fellows Hall/'^ Samuel Jaffa became prcsidcnt, Solomon
Schwed. vicc-prcsidcnt, David Göttlich, treasurcr, Isaac Lcvy, secre-
tary. Almost without cxccption. thc nicmbcrs of this first lodt'c had
come from Frussia, Hannover, Havaria, l^ohemia. and thc conticuous
proviiKCs; most of thcm wcre storckccpcrs or clcrks in cencral mcr-
chandisint: or clothini^\ A fcw camc from eastern I'rancc, and among
thcse was thc Sanders family.
The substantial farmhouse in which Simon Sanders was born"" is
soll preservcd in Soerern, Alsacc-Lorrainc. Born thcre in 1815, he
camc to this country in 1866, married a childhood fricnd, Jcnnie
Michael, and inoved to Atchison Countv, Missouri, whcre a friend
Harry Moses, already had a small störe. Malaria in thc lovvlands of
Missouri sent Sanders alonc to Trinidad in 1879, whcre he estab-
lished a vvholesale licjuor busmess at Main and Convent, making
Wide trips by wagon through southern (Colorado and New Mexico;
a trip to Taos took him from five to six days. Harry Moses, who had
follow'cd Sanders to Trinidad, had come from Robberhausen, CJcr-
many, by way of Rockpi)rt. Missouri, and opencd his first clothing
Store on West Main Street in 1883. tarly in thc twentieth Century,
he opencd thc gcneral störe of H. Moses and Company on Commer-
cial Street, which was still in busmess in 1959.
As yet, Trinidad had no official Jewish Congregation, but ^on
July 23, 1883, scventccn inen met w ith Max Eppstcin of Denver at
thc home of Sol Jaffa for thc purposc of organizing a rcligious body.
Thcy adopted by-laws, naming thc group "Gmgrcgation Aaron of
Trinidad, State of Colorado," in honor of Aaron, the fathcr of the
Jaffa brothers, who had been a Rabbi in Germany.*''" Thc twenty-
four men who signed thc by-laws fixcd dues at four dollars a year
141
I i
Develophig hisütutiom
and mcmbership fees at f.ve dollars. and dected Henry B.rnbaum
.|££Md«u,Samud^^ S. Frankcl, secretary, Jacob
Sanders, treasurcr. They agrecd t<. use thc Rocdclhenner Mach Sor
unhl some re^'ular l.turgy could be established, and to purchase a
Scjer lor.h as soon as pcss.ble. Meetmg f.rst ,n the hall, wh.ch
bna. Bnth rtnt<:d, ihcy_mov^dAnJB»^ the New Jaffa Opera
House m the laffa RmlcJin^^^n AlarnJire^tTa^Tl^w-plaTr^iich
incorporated a one-room adoble buildint; datin^ from 1858
lim a)ni:re^'ati(,n bccamc the focalpxnt for a rathcr w,dc area
extcnd.n^' mto New Mexico. For instante, they instructed the secre-
tary m 1883 to corrcspond with Charles Dobrincr „f Las Vetras
and nn, tc h,m to take parf wuh us in our Services and to pav h.m
for h.s expenses." The hunal ..-round came next. For a token pay-
ment of f.ve dolh.rs, leaders of the Con.ure.^afon purchased two
and a half acres west of town owncd by the Masons. Rclat.(,ns w,th
thjs .qr.,up were t:ood, f.,r Samuel Jaffa had been a founder .,f Las
An.mas Lod^-e N... 28 .n 1875, and Worsh.pfuI Master ,n 1882 Sol
Jaffa ater served from 1885 t., 1888. The trustees fenced m and
.Urassed tlns plot, which has served the Con^-repation since that t.me
iand m wlnch about one hundred and fifty Jews have been buned'
I-or some years the numbcr of Jews in Trinidad ^-rew slowly
l^cn HamersIout,-h. a typical newcomer. ;o,ned in 1885. He had come
from Hesse-Kassel to enter partnership w.th A. De Bree thc pro-
pr.etor of a .venera! störe on North Gnn.nercial. Th.s was still the
adobe a^e- of the town. and the slu.p „f -Hamcrslouch and C om-
pany was on an unprcpossessinu street, muddy and lined w,th board
walks. Ben siept in the back of the störe, a pract.ce common to
owners and c erks al.ke; the störe was open every n.^ht unt.l mne
and on baturdays until midni^ht:'"
Business was done on credit and twice a year the sheep and
wool men would pay their bills with sheep and wooj We
would have to ^o mto the country in wai;ons and stay weeks
at a time sleeping in the open. After .tatherim,- up the sheep
we turned thein over to the part.es to which they were soid in
1 rinchera.
A later st..re, 'R. Hamersioui^h Mercant.le Company," had a
vaned trade from the bcrmninL'-
liefore the C^W' Ra.lroad was buiit to serve the coal m.nm^
142
Frarjtiers Beymd D<
communities an.
was mostly in cl
farmers* ^>rain i[
sheep. And Jui
Hamerslou^t^^h st(
sheep men vvoul]
wa^^ons with pn
months.
In 1887, thc Co|
taxin^» thernsclves a
dad. Dues were rai
non-rnembers for rl
men, five dollars fo|
Rascowcr, the Icadi
permanent Rabbi, 'j
thousand dollars, an
with a Rabbi who w
and social life for t
Rabbi Leopold
n, 1818, and took l|
served as Rabbi in
and Petersburg», VirJ
where he had been J
ticipant in civic affa
Masons and iMastcr
his family, his wifc
in^' to a C;on^»rei:ati(|
four names.
As a Reform Tel
and German, and a
motion * to rcmove ll
Ladies' Aid Society
dent, and started a)
\m\}'' Finally, thc
devoted its whole ij
city on the occasion
buildin^ is still one
eminence at SrtI and
J^otes: Part One
*«/^AJN September 30, 1875, 4/3.
''^Bnai Brith Dedication Manual (Denver 1920^ rr^nr^.oc ,
"■RAIN of that date.
"^"Th^I. "^Tr,^- "^ /T'" ^'^^''" """"''' ^•-' '^"'"*'' Al"^«'«^ (June
The Battle of Ar.karee. K,„s.s Hnioncl ColUcw,, VI ^46-35- pZ {
Wellman,Dr^M 6,« «.v,i^^^r,<. ( Philadelphia 1947) np 81^ rvrn^T R V
Ast; '•'•^*'V'"l^'f-- (New York: r9«4) ; Beech^risl nd ^ Me'onli
Assocanon Beecher Island Annual. 6 volu.nes. 1869.1V30, V (1917) a,n„
CleveLnJ Leadcr Uhru^ry 5, 1905: Jeuah l»ä,pe,,ä.,.,, September 4' 92« '
"p 53ff.
''''"Mras'traTF;:';^ lr"'"A''"^'--7'- ":P'" ^PP—A: ■" par, .n such publ.ca-
t.ons as .Sarah Platt Decker Chapter Dau#;hters oi the American Revolution (Cn\
orado Springs. 1942). contaminK Helen M Searey Otto Mt-ar n . ^ ^r'
eT Im^D^-rf "'^'- ,''''';f ^'^ -' '^^ "■'-'-'' ^^'^ ^ ' ""-'^'. Det
"W, T V.'l ^ 1-avender. T^. ß,^ Dn ,J, (New York, 19)8) pn 9 .,78
^nZnrii <'-''t!C''>\ C"'"rado), Januar,' O, 1876. for typica advertisaLt
"P«v / •'^"^'l"'^^; '"'">• -''-5: A R Pelton. Th. Sa., Lun VMU-, 1891 pn ,s 7
"KM[\ Januarv 7 and « 1R"^C)- r r r\\\ n i i ^ *"/i, pp. ^:)-7.
Januars 3 I «"9 4/r ^ ^ C-^^^l fohncM Cmp^^^s. pp. 28. 46; RAIN
24Tob^üa!y ' ' ''' '^''•'^"""''' '' ^''' ' "^"'l '" (^-ember. 1910).
'"Pelton, Valley, p 30; R/MN June 4 18^4 2/}
"■St i; & '"' "' "" ''"''-' '''"-'■ "'"• p ^- ''^"-- »-"o. p. 37.
"Londoner. 'Western Experiences •
"rr/-ir.^i/, Mmer, Re.^n,c,. August 22. 1862; Stone, CohnaJo. |, IM view of O K
IM5). ^^J^»^'" '''^/>. May 30, 1863, November 3. 1862. In the I87() census
he reports himself Russian born (Poland), w„h personal prop<-rty of four^en
hundred dollars, three children ' '"""een
"*p 10.
"939 He'dtd 'L''^ ""'^' k"'"""'" '^^"'■'' ^'" «^^"'-C-//. November 24.
^ouvemr of CenirM Cny. RUck H.,uk. .,nd Ke,adaullc (Denver 1890) d 41- for
Jacob Rachosfky ,n Nevadaville. see p 52 Central V.tv ilLrVvi V"
fion Th^ ru., TL . II- -- ,j ,V7 ' «-entrai t,ity CJpera Housc Associa-
"°"- / *<- 9'f;> 7A^/ U ,„ Cold. ( Denver, 1936 and later years )
LtTJ'T ''""'' ^^''''"ot (Philadelphia, 1900-1901 )
/ lor.n? 'r """• '^' • ^"'^"'^ '" ■'''^°^* ^"'^ °'f'"» >" Hall, Colorado, II
^^ i"6-108; Retniniscences of Sol. H. laffa " m ,1, (November ^4 1905) 46
Obituar)-. benter Fosl. April 30 191.3 -^ '■'"^)< '"',
^JüMi- • Re"iin'scences," p. 46; KAIN April -. IS^o, 1/3; PWA interview with Jaffa
Jrrn/äjä Chron/cle Neu f. Septembxrr l^ 1929
''^""^tfnt'S^^ ^'^ 'V\'''^ ^"•'^' ' ^^^>'' ^^^^)' ^^^ G''^>-t Sanders.
^rvemy-Fifth Ann.versary of Las Animas Lod^T No. 28. AF&ANf - 19^0 Jew-
.sh masters of th.s lod^e .nclude:, Samuel laffa ( 1882), Sol. H.' Jaffa Qssl
Notes : Part Two
188-'. 1888, 1900), Leopolj
A. H Minton (1919), G(
Ht\i\tT (1938).
^^Triniäad Chtotiicle-News. Octol
Gotthtb, June, 1955; PW.
Historical Society Doc. 359]
^^TriniäaJ Chronicle-News, Octobc
»Vö. March 9, 1906, p. 7.
»••Advertisement in Pueblo Chief tat
^«Wilbur F Stone, "Farly Pueblo
(November, 1929), 199-2l|
See Lu>;ene Heitler Lehmai
Enc}cJofteä/a V, 592.
»^G. L. Andersen, "EI Paso Claim:
<>*^Myron 1 Myers, The Early Hi
Colorado Sprin/^s, 1951.
•«Mary B. Mvers, My Experiencej
rado Sprin/2s
»'•<^Myron Mvers, "Early History,"
THE DEVELOPM
STATEHOOD TO Tl
»Estimate of William B Hackenbul
Yearhook 1914, p. 350.
^Denver Pou. December 1, 1957, l<
onc m Grace Episcopal Chui
^RN[N Septembei 1 , 1876, 1/5; Sei
^Minutes, TED March 4, 1877. n]
Simon Block, Joel Gottliel
Kastor. Henry Plonsky. Ma:
became president. both of th|
•"^Vickers, Dtnter, p. 356.
yjN Au;?ust 5. 1926. "Sesquicentej
"Denver Jna)rporation Records (fih
^RMN October 31. 1881, 8/2; Repi
^RMN September 2, 1882, 4/3;
1881. p. 70.
^^Minutes, January 6, 1884.
^^Repuhltcafi }u\y 5. 1902, 12.
'^Census data The Census of 18'
available for publication.
»3TED Minutes, March 2, 1888.
^*RMN May 23, 1875. 4/5; May 2\
November 3, 1888; Clyde
(Denver: Fisher Book Com}]
^^RMN January 26, 1890, 4/2.
^'^ Letter, 1956.
'^Rabbi de Sola remained in Denvei
July 5, 1901, for his death J
Fallauts of Religion, its Del,
304
Notes : Part Three
,1, . ■ J.»«H«
News September 15, 1929. 9; pictures Fotogravüre section. September 16, 1929;
News September 17, 1929.
^"//N December 29, 1944, and Dccember 27, 1945.
''^American Israeltte. XLV (October 20, 1898), 7.
^^Ametican jewnh Yearbook, 1919-1920; Inventory of Church Bodies, 1942, item 45.
In 1920, the President of the Congre^jation was Joseph Greenstein.
T^//y 1922, p. 265.
^*Weld County Recorder, Greeley Articies of Incorporation, vol. 783, p. 502.
''^Trinidad Chronicle-News, October 13, 1929, 4; Ibid., June 8, 1936; October 30
1936; records in Sanders' family Bible.
^^"Temple Aaron Biblette in G)mmemoration of Three Anniversaries," November 11
1949.
^^■'Seventy-fifth Anniversary, 1876-1950, of Las Animas Lodge No. 28, Trinidad, Colo
rado, September 27, 1950. " Fast Masters mcluded: Samuel Jaffa (1892), So
H. Jaffa (1885, 1888 1900) Leopold FreudenthaF ( 1896-1897), Hirsch")
Katz (1911), AH. Minton (1919), George F. Frager (1926), Gilbert Sanders
(1935), Lee Heitler (1938).
.^"Trinidad Minutes, 1883-1834, are deposited with the American Jewish Archives in
Cmcinnati and were made available m microfilm Families in 1956 included
1^) Gottieib, Albert Moses, Mrs Gilbert Sanders, Louis Cibull, Gene Alpert,
Dr. harglow, Henry Geisman, the Rascowers, Sam Cohen, and Lee Heitler.
^^''Dedication Frogram, United Hebrew Center. September 10, 1950. " l]N January 23,
1931.
^^'Ihid.
**'lnterviews Sf^ Colorado Springs Gazette. February 8, 1945, 3/3.
"^This promise was increasingly fulfilled.
""'Obituary. D/N. November 17, 1920; See JO, IV (November 23, 1906), 10. Born
in Poland in 1845. he arrived in 1875 in Fueblo, moving later to Fark County,
where he invested in mining property.
*'**Enterprise Unlimited, " radio script in Denver Fublic Library Western History
Collection.
^»//N May 5, 1936.
«"//N June 7, 1945.
^U]N July 5, 1945.
'♦^National Opinion Research Center Report, Denver, 1945.
«M/y, 1939, p. 523.
**^An "Eighth Annual Victory Dinner," for example, awarded distinguished Service
Plaques to Moses Katz. Mrs Sidney Jacobs, Jesse Shwayder, Robert Gamzey,
Morris Miller, and Adolph Kiesler.
ö»//N June 19, 1941.
^^Tlius, this report was one in a long chain of surveys made to provide a basis for
orderly change in the Community Organization in Denver.
»V/N July 17, 1947.
^*lbid., for further considerations.
»*Fo//. September 9, 1958; see also IJS December 7, 1956.
»»«//N July 31, 1947; September 18, 1947.
»^//N August 2, 1951.
»«»New York City, November, 1951.
•V]N February 11, 1954; Februarv 18, 1954.
»""From Denver Community Chest Report, 1955-1956, I>nver, Colorado.
*o»Interviews and IJS December 6, 1957.
*°2Allied Community Council of Denver "Blue Book 1953," p. 132.
^^^Ibtd., p. 79. The Federated Council of Israel Institutions, which included the Bikur
Cholim Hospital in Jerusalem, the Home for the Aged Moshab Sekenim, Safed.
^^^Post, January 22, 1948, 27. "A Fioneer Medical Center Moves Forward" is a bro-
315
.. .»M..üdum<m,«^A>
JAFFA ANCESTRY OF PATRICIA iMANSBACH NEISSER
JHR 9/87
BENJAMIN JAFFA
b.l769 Heinebach (Hessen-Ka 8sel)Germany
ARON JAFFA
( d • bef ore OD
18 84 in Germany)
ELLA
(d . before 1879 Germany)
J
SAMUEL JAFFA
1842 Heinebach
1909 Trinidad, Colorado
i
OD AMELIA
1846 (Germany)
1921 Trinidad, Colo,
1
MEYER MANSBACH
b, June 1861 (Germany)
d« Los Angeles ( ?)
GD
IDA JAFFE
b. 1 Jan 1876 Trinidad, Colo.
<^* Los Angeles (?)
ARTHUR J(AFFA) MANSBACH OD GERTRUD HELLER
CARL NEISSER OD
l
PATRICIA
b. Detroit
I
^4
ABOUT THE ]EWISH CONGREGATION OF HEINEBACH
Information supplied by Mr. WilhelmSödler of Alheim-Heinebach, g retired
school teacher, who is obvlour.ly very familiär with the history of tho Cormer
Jewish Community and with sevveral of its familles.
CiTour enquiry about data relatlng to members of the JAFFA family cannot
be answered as completely as is desirable slnce not even the State Archives
of Hessen has the old registers of births,etc. There are registers of death only
for the perlod 1828-1851.)
However^ the exlsting records of Heinebach show three entries relating to the
JAFFA family^ wiiich are quoted here in füll:
REGISTER OF DEATHS: 25 Sept.1849, buried on 29 September: SARCHEN
JAFFA^ resident of Heinebach^ age 84 years^ the widow of the late
BENJAMIN JAFFA, v\ho lived in her son's home. He is ARON JAFFA^
teacher in Heinebach. Signed: JAFFA, Vorsinger (Cantor) •
REGISTER OF DEATH: 30 April 1850, buried on 2 May:*" ZIGORA nee JAFFA,
age 57, wife of the late teacher JOSEPH SPIEGEL of Frankershausen
was staying here for fourteen days with her brother ARON JAFFA,
teacher in Heinebach, signed JAFFA, Vorsinger,
(note: The sister's name was probably Zippora)
MARRIAGES: 16 November 1836: ARON JAFFA, Vorsingor (Cantor) and teacher of
religion in Heinebach, bom 7 August 1800^ married ELLE HAHN of
RHINA, age 261 ARON JAFFA is the son of the late Cantor BENJAMIN
JAFFA and of his wife SAARA nee NAPHTAU of Baumbach, and EUA
is the daughter of the merchant MEIER HAHN and of his wife JATTEL
nee HIRSCH, in Rhina. signed JAFFA, Vorsinger, Elle Hahn.
It was not possible to find Information about their cliildren - in the absence of birth
records. There is also no record of the death of Benjamin Jaffa. (If there are
any Heinebach Jewish records anywhere, they are NOT in Marburg, locatlon of the
State archives.)
-2-
The late Pastor Giebel had undertaken major studies about the Jews of
Heinebach, and was In close contact wlth Mr. Juda Heilbrunn (James Heilbrunn)
In New York - who collected everythlng avallable about the Heinebach Jewish
Community. He has long slnce died^ but It is possible that his papors and notes
may have been donated to the Jewish Community in New York City. * Mr. Heilbrunn
was a merchant and was the last President of the Heinebach Community. Two
Torah scrolls^ which were discovered after the last war in a house which was being
demollshed^ were sent to hlm^^ and he gave them to (the Jewish Community in NYC)!
(* It is my assumption that he may have given his papers to the Leo-Baeck -Institute
In New York^ where I shall enquire about them)
Giebel*
I am glad to be able to submit to you Information friom notes left by Pastor
ARON J?\FFA had also a son named ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA. He was not only
a teacher (in the Jewish school) but also a certiüed teacher for all subjects from
1866 to 1872 (see below)f
By 1800 the size of the Jewish Community required a cantor, and it hired
BENJAMIN JAFFA of Braunbach. During the period 1806-13 , while Heinebach was
in the State known as the Klngdom of Westfalia^ wlth Napoleon's brother Jerome at
Its head (the capital was Kassel^ not far from Heinebach and Braunbach) , the
Jews in the kingdom were asked to select permanent family names. Some families
had already at an earlier time changed the traditional form of their names (forename
of the son followed by the first name of his father) and had adopted a permanent
name^ as did the JAFFA, KAISER and KATZ families, in Heinebach.
In 1816 was published an ordinance by the government of Electoral Hesse, accofd-
ing to which Jews were granted the same rights and duties as were enjoyed by all
Christian subjects.
In 1825 there lived six Jewish families in Heinebach, and seven by 1844,
eleven families (totalling 61 members) in 1854, and by 1855 there were 67 members.
By 1907, the count was 55 families, some having moved away.
Those who died in Heinebach were buried in the Jewish cemetery at Binsförtho
Cantor BENJAMIN JAFFA was succeded by his son ARON, who also taught at the Jewish
school until 1866. He was not a certlfied teacher and taught only "religion" and
Hebrew. The children received their secular educatLon at the local grammar school,
a Christian public school. On one occasion, there is a mentlon of one DAVID
OPPENHEIM as the teacher of religion.
-3-
The Jewlsh school was not under State supervision but under supervision by
the country's rabbinate. In 1836, Aron Jaffa was confirmed as "provlsional
teacher of religion" for another flve years, after representatlves of the Jews in
the provlnce of Lower Hessen (presldents of the provlnclal Organization of the Jews)
had inspected teacher JAFFAs school. Their names were MANSBACH*' GOLDSCHMIDT
ALSBERG; ROTHSCHILD, and the distrlct rabbl ROMANNt
There is a note that In 1842, ARON JAFFA was advised to perfect his German, which
the district rabbi (Wetzlar, of Gudensberg) found inadequate.
He earned 50 Thaler In 1842 for his reading of the Scroll of Esther, 2 Thaler for
his Services as secretary to the congregation, about 15 silver "Groschen" per year
for maklng entries in the books of the synagogue, and about 9 Thaler at the time
of Rosh Hashannah and "New Moon" (apparently a monthly payment). He also re-
ceived from every member of the congregation fruits from their orchards and land,
but also through exchanges of jagricultural products, worth perhaps 20 Thaler annually.
In those days, one of the Eiders of the Community was a Juda Heilbrunn (probably a
dlrect ancestor of James in New York),
ARON JAFFA taught seven chlldren: three boys and four girls, and school was held
in his home. Altogether, he seems to have earned 106 1/2 Thaler annually, a con-
siderably high amount sacriüced by the Jewish Community which by 1853 had only
eleven famlUes with 61 members.
In 1846, the leadlng rabbi of Hessen Landrabbiner Adler*came from Kassel to examine '
the State of education In Heinebach, At that time, he noticed that Aron Jaffa : \
seems to exist but barely, close to starvaüon. . , He was then teaclilng 15 cliildren.
(*LNathan Marcus Adler, 1803-90,
the Chief rabbl of Hessen-Kassel was to become the Chief Rabbi of England
in 1845, thus "1846" seems a date too late for his examination in Heinebach)
After Kurhessen (Electoral Hesse) became Prussian (1867/68) , the Jewish Community
peütloned the kingdom of Prussia to grant her a .recognlzed one-class school in
Heinebach, and the Prussian govemment consented. It was stated that the teacher
shall be ARON JAFFA'S son NATHAN, because the father wished to ret.ire and merely
requested a pension from the Community to the amount of 20 Thaler. By this time,
26 children attended school. The names of those who signed the Petition are:
ARON Jaffa; Samuel kaiser,^ itzig sommer, m* katzenstein ,* Bt"" katzenstein,
JOSEPH SOMMER,* SÜSS MANN SOMMER, LEIB HEILBRUNN, WOLF KATZENSTEIN, and
the Eider of the congregation, S'f KATZENSTEIN^^
NATHAN JAFFA attended a teachers' semlnary and passed the State examination.
He then had to pass an examination prepared for all applicants for posltions In Jewish
schools In the provlnce of Lower Hessen, The examlners were Rabbi Dr, HERMANN
ADLER (1839-1911) ( the son of the former Chief Rabbi), Dr. Deviseur.and Dr, Römer,
His Teacher's Certificate, dated 19 February 1866, reads as follows:
The Commlsslon certifles that ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA of Heinebach has
passed the examination which we held from 29 January to 1 February 1866, and that
he is quallfied to teach in the Jewish School (Number 111,2 to III, Dt Signed in
Cassel 19 February 1866,
-4-
When ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA took up hls duties, his income came to 120 2/3
Thaler annually, and, for a tlme,' just 120 Thaler, with the heating of the school
being fumished by the congregation (it paid for It and also provided the Site for
the school). Jaffa's seat in the synagogue was appraised at 15 Groschen, that
of his wife's at half that much The Contract was signed in Melsungen hy
ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA, S? KATZENSTEIN (Eider of the Heinebach congregation)
and by KAUFMANN, the chalrman of the distrlct Organization of the Jews*
ANJ taught until 1872. What happened to him later on is not known to me. Per-
haps being a well-trained teacher, he applied for a position elsewhere»
From 1872 to 1912 (!) the teacher in Heinebach was ABRAHAM SPEIER. By 1888,
the number of children had droppped to 12, and by 1912 there were but 4-5, which
led to the closing of the school and the retirement of the teacher. The cliildren would
thereafter attend the public school of Heinebach. Spei er 's cliildren emigrated
to Palestine after the flrst World War, and his son EMIL SPEIER was a banker livlng
in London in 1952 ,
BENJAMIN JAFFA, son of ARON, does not occur in the few existing rccords of
Heinebachf (He was obviously named for his father's father).
Interesting is that one ARON BENJ?\MIN SOMMER , and a JOSEPH SOMMER lived
after the war in the United States,' and it is possible that the names of ARON BENJAMI^|
indicate a relationship between the JAFFA and the SOMMER families. Another
Sommer ;' ARON JOSEPH SOMMER, moved to America with his mother„ Then there was
a FRITZ SOMMER, son of ABRAHAM SOMMER II and Ms mothor LINA, who livod in
Beifort; France, after the war (apparently after World War II) . SIGMUND and HILDE
SOMMERJf* children of JULIUS SOMMER;" lived in Brazil. AU of them were originally
llving in Heinebach,'
JUDA (JAMES) HEILBRUNN, with his wife JULCHEN nee SOMMER and their
daughter HERTA lived in New York City.
•• ■ »»
•*
%
Dir JAPTA Story
"TÖLM-
.•4«».
\>
•^ >-
Pape 1
Introductiont
Whenever poesible, I will show reference data.
Part #1 - Crl^jir
In the year 1769 Ben.^acidj Jaffa was born in Batsnhaeh r^rr«.«^ fx^ .
this small Community, (ref erencest " Tha w^ /^n! ^ ^^^® «»Tnagogw of
and also thru inf or^itionlrS 5^1 Ife2^ a rSa'tSe^^- S)? ^T^"^
man, Dr. Paul Giebel of Rotenburg, aA^dTT' «1*^^^« *«i a Protestant cl^^.
(Refer: Joseph Strausre, brother Inlaw of ny slster) * ^*
Saimiel Ifehn and hls wife Tuettel^ fa^K /pf r! T^ ***^J^*^ "^ «^«^
of thelr marrlage certificate 2 ^r^lt i^^^il" i^rtllT.^''' ^^
Teshlvah Dhiversity H^.RIC. It wm .+*Z ♦« ♦u^%^ , ™P* **- ^'^ nraseum of
brunn with other mt«iar;ertaSLf ^th« f-^/^^ J^^^'^^P^ ^ ^'^ «^-
i» at 2520 Amsterdam I^ Sc ^ ^° ^^^^ fa»ilyj TeflhiTah üniTereity Mueeta
to Salcanon ITuSsbaum, the pa^.^? w^^uT ^f«^»»« ^^n» ^ho was «arrled
Aaron Jaffa succeeded hie father as *e-ehp,. lir^ f^J^ ^Mita,
irr Eeinebach untU his retSeme^^l^ä «^^^^^^ »inger at the Synagcgue
Äsio'na'rSe"!:*' T^^ JSSÄf^f" ijterestin^ letter about «. M,
Som Pfarrer Seälf tranalated it fron» the Genaan, Information eame
Somo additional data about Aart» Jaffa and hl« «^r« m-»-. r* t
The data» are not always thTs^ .. t^ ^ ^^ S"^' ^'^^ "^^"«P^ Strauas)
Alt October of So^lS^ef i^Tin^cK^^^^i"^* ^ ^ ^rn ^ &«»bach
In Bhina ü,. Ju^f^tJ^iS^^'^^J ^ S^Li%?^' hl» wif e wa« bonr
In addition to paper» meitionTSo^ I^^l YJL^ ?< r''" ""^w.^' ^^^•
l.te<r by me) calladr"DienatanweJa^ Ju^'Ten L^T^/^ ^f^' ^ ^'^"
Aaron JaffaC Translationr GuidelW JÜ! *k *^*"5^'^*'*™ ßeliglonBlehrer
It V..S iasuid i« 1^7^ t^KS^retnche'G^:^''^" J^'*^ "^^»' ^" •'•^
heas*« ana was also certifl^ V^J i^iS^t^ST^f k*^ ^^* '^T^* **^ ««'«^
J^rtic^ar eomty) The ßuldelinL^eV^ ^^/*^^^^ bead of that
Id«, how thorough the G^nnxx aSiSritl^7vif J^^ P^^?** "^ «i'«» " «
In those days and Aaron Ja^ ^T^I!„\J*' ia dcaling wlth their youth
paper is at the »»^ al^f ) ^ ^ ^^ th« out , to the letter. roriginal
■^
^
Par» 2
i^^«^^^^!!?^?' *n original receipt eigned by Aaron Jaffa In 1836 «bout dcMry
K^C orthe w^'"" '^'J,^''^'' ^ ^-' The paper was .i^.d in G.ZA^ in
TM-t f^ 1. ^ t **"*^ *^ * paiaiÄl aepoBit as dowry (Mltirabo) for h1«i H^i^ntUf^,»
fiSlS tJ2 tM''.' ^°' ^5^^ »- ^^'^^ that^oied Sn. Btm ^5 ReL^tSIler
I thlnk, that this documentCwhich was genorousW ^Iren to me bv rftvl« ^"r^^'^*^'
is ^41« and valuable and aho^d be c^r.r^%rtlZT fTr YJ^s^n^^d.
Tnot^eceseariw ^J^lf^''' ^f'^ T^* ^^ "^^^«"^ °^ ^^<« ^ 211a Jaffa:
\ not necesearUj listod aecording to their ag«) «x**.
1) *^/^f*> bo™ In tkH^j^^ ^^^
1546 (Rof r Encyclopaedia Judalca roLune 9 - rsjrn -lotjt
^\ « , Jenisaleai 1973) *^ "^^
2) Saa Jaffa - /ry^- ' "^..-. a, ,, °^ -^^f/^/
3)3al Jaffa Both brothers were bora in the lata AO's and settled in th» Ü.S.
C /- ^
#
A) Sai*ah was married to Galdaailth, also D.S
tlmes. fe and his wife vislted rao In Rochester. no« a lew
One 4f the daughters of ITathan Jaffa i» still living, Beaale Spiller,
> Minna Soouasr, who also remalned in Ceraianv *h* t<»*^ * ir 4 v ^
6)
■♦•.»«.•-•,
?A ^* V W I ft^ ^9 ^'
8«i. (Thuringia). ^* '*^** *"^ "^^ ^*" *<» ''"t in Sonderehai».
Morits was bom in HberirKrhAnftA.* <t-« •xon'T^ *"x±o^, now xivxng in Israel.
in 1942. Flora ^3 b^m^?SJ? f^:,*}^\ P*"^ *^y ^ Rochester, Kew lork
Both c^ to ?S rj.^i5|7^^ "" Wit.enhausen, died in Rochester i960.
l^'^ I^h-ir«fr !?^' San, and Sol a«l their nephew9 Nathan, Joseph
ana Äny I hare gathored interestini? material whleh vrin k« ^JT** "oaepn
rately in anothar chapter, whiciv I^flTtha K^ J^«1Sr^ ^''"^ ^ '''P*"
0Cz:-^
mmm
<
i
(
M
4
i
Chapter # 2
The J^f fa Ztorj
New Mexico Story
1,
I
i
*
«Ko'^iofhera Z "l^r^t ^'^'T U^' "'" beginnln^ In Trinidad, Colorado.
Henry .oved We^J mer^ia^cIvS^^^^ ntlrW thTri^o^L''^".T' "^"^ ^' '^'
ft freneraVfinn In Mora, FTew Mexico. ^"^"^ ^^^ ^i"» <>f "««7 & Marcus Biembair»,
''merchandise
Quotation from thirchant^r. m>,? ' *'^P^*''* ^ °^ "^« Earliest Westemers"
• and travelerron tL tralrind^^^^^^ '?^ '"r" ^^PP^^^ ^^« >-gon trilns
a"? ?he't'rn%^'S'6o!^:::^iS'anT>^t',\°^^^^ ^^ ^"f f ^^°- ^^ "«^^^^ Brothers"
in business in the first^ Tnr2^\P.lJ^.^l /u^f ^' ^^^^«^« i« Trinidad
Colorado and New Mexico, incluSw the "S^?*! V^^^*''^ ^"^ ^"^ ^ Southern
S^-:mel represented the f aS^y iTLl Jt icS^^Tt t ' Com^ercial Company-.
va3 establighed in TrinidS^ he bJ^^^« f ^», I^""^ ^ ^ ^^"^5, when the y^sonlc Order
corporated and Sa^nuel Jaf?a'sjved 2 Savor^^^T ""^^"^• ^ ^^"^> *^« ^°^ -*« in-
Trufltees. ^''®'* *^ ^^"^ *^ ^»aac Levy and Abe Mansbach became
».
im :; l^^^t'Ii'.rJo^S^^'f^:!^^^^^^^ -ttled in Trinidad. By
Kippur, which came in SeJ?^Sber ?iS" ^L^VA^f ^"°" °^ «°^h feshanah and lo; -
from Eli^abethtowit, Kew MeSco aW S ^l.? ,n ^^k!°TT^^°" ^ "^« ^he trip
ded Isaac & Alexander Levy^Sir^^ S^l^^f?« ^^^^ 2^ Trinidad. Others inclS-
«urice Wise. TVo brotherT H^S? Tso! Jaf ?f t A«J^ Mansbach Henry Biembaunt and
feether with their brothe^ SaSSl! Sey S^ be^ b^^? ""^^L'^ ^^^ ^«^'^^
e sons of Aaron Jaffa, in the laie X-f B^Uee^Sn f*^:^^»^' »^^«e-K^«««!,
M^on^a^^the foundin. of the loci B4i'B^r^tT:ha^^,\r^e^:i:J ^l^^.l
As yet, Trinidad had no of^cial Jewi^h r««,„^^«.4
•n.en met wlth Max Eppstein of änve^^f the^^oJ^^A."'?^.?' ^^ ^3, 1ÖS3 seventeen
gani^ing a religioufl body. They^doo^ed w! ^T^ ^^ """ ^°'' ^^«^ P'^^»« of or-
°K "^"5'?^' ^*^^« °^ Col^rS:^ S Wr^f'j^' "^,\\' «^°ifP "Con^tion Aaron
who had been a Rabbi in GTmany.^S^Lcted^ni^v S? t^^'' °^ ^^^ ^"^^^ ^«rothers,
■ Jaffa , Tice President. The/lJeed to ^r^f ^^ S^'T^"^' President, Sanrael
reg*lar lithurgy could be establTh!^ \ a . ^" "Äoedelheimer Machsor" intU some
bl.. Meeting at firet i^ the ^^1^^*«^^.?^;^! * ^«^'^ ^^^^^^ " soon as^%i-
to the new Jaffa Opera House S the^Ja a^?iS? ''^^^ ^'f ^2' ^^""^ '«^ ^^ 1Ö83
incorporated a one-roon. adobirbSldSf Lt^l2L^,^ ^^""^' * «»^^^ Pl*« which
This congregation became the f irat f o2i IzS / ^^^*
into Uew Mexico. The burial gro^J f^f nf^ Pof VV'^"'' ^'*« '^'••*' «t^ndinj
of the Congregation purchasef afacr« w^sf Ar tL! ^°^ü? P*^^^* «^ » 5.00, lefders
with this groop wer«^, f or Sa^l jl??i yLT^ ""^f^ ^^ ^^"^ Hasons^Iflitiona
# 2« In In lß75 And Wbrship tos?^L J^S ^i W f °'"^''* ^' ^ ^Miaas Lodg*
that tüne, and in which aboot I50 Jew3 hare beea buStl C^^'C^fatior* since
4M
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iieir
In 1387 the Con^regation secured their flrst Spiritual leaderky by taxln^ thn-^iselTes
a thouBand Dollars to bring Rabbi Gluck to Trinidad. Dum wäre raised th« n«ct jear
to thre© Dollars and seate for non-oonibera for th« Holldayo put at $ 20.00 for
?J'"^!.H^"^^^'~ ^u^!"*! ^°'* «^-^ried raenw Under the presidency of Abe Ra^cower
the leadership searched for a pennanent honw and a penmnent Rabbi. They raade a
reuiiois and rLlir?^^^^ * ^^''^ "^* ''^ ^° ^' identified with Trinidad a:^ ita
reil^xoua and social life for 2? yeara,
?Suef touJfÄ.":;^' '^ * congregation in Trinidad, of wMch tb. "taxabla
As a Reform Tempi«, the Congregation had prayers in Hebrew and Gem^, and aroided
They Jormed a Ladies » Aid Society in June 1889 and started a ">fontef iorTLiterarr
Society in November 1894. The Trinidad Chronicle, ia a burst ofentht.«l!,m hI^-^
its whole issue of December 8, 1889 to the Jews of ^t c^fy on tSe^^si;, «r^^
of the town, rlsijig on an eminence at 3rd and'Pixw. It vas built of brick aS Ri^
Btone in the best Victorian Style, with a large lodge room and two 5«^^!^ ^«^
on th* first floor, an auditorix« seating 250 on thffloS Sove T^r^nS^ri/"^'
tory for 1892, which has sc« flne Sketches of the Te^le Ind the'jSk^k^
Jaffa Opera House, listed seventeen Jewish finna. ^^^ '^
Chapter y
,h'/
\ €
Actually, the New Mexico Story begina her«. l j
From the Encyclopaedia Judaica, voluae 9, page 1247, Jerusalem 1973- Qu^e-/346
* f '♦?'^«^r^^'" ^o ^'ere early New Mexico settlers: Henry R jSfa i^ IQOi )
went to the t. U.S. aa a young mart and moyed out West after ^i^ WaJ ^7^^??
shlng Stores in Southern Colorado, (see chauter 2) Tn Tft^o V ^ Wa;- establi-
Us Vegas, ITew Mexico, which he e;tind:d1:'llbu^uerS« S^l^^Z^^ llS"""*'' ""
was in c rporated in 1885, Jaffa became Its flrst^TS^ h * .^ Albx*iuerquo
From th« 75th Mnlver^ry book , «M=h teil» Interestl^g stoSeälw Jh. f1„.
Booj, ,t.ti„, that A «,tlng ,f thi H^ oSL^Jf^?^ 5tf orrTT"*^ ^ ^'
eall«l for th» porpo». of organlslnff • conin-e<rit^ LlZ- . , tt ^^^"'"t"' Ms e
President, Hos Jlfeld Tic. pS»(J-^ ,;;?fl|*"°?*,™"^ "- '»^1^» «s eleoted
.M Si«. Stern for o™'?:Sr'JfS"r'^,' "{^cU^tr^f ^l^J ^,^!" l^"^^
ITr^'izt trÄr^?!:^ rraSÄE? ? - -«-
Temple Albert In memory of their father*. ^ "''^ ^^'
;^riages, includingW^l^J^Seb^ttS LS^ 0^8:1::" kST^L^^ '^'V'^^'''
^ SZ/*? personal life, I fatow, that he had three sons, Benlaaln Walter
^ f^' L'^ """^ '^•' ^ *h«^« *«" any daughters. Howerer t3vJ* t
of meetln^ Kdgar, the last arnrytrlnr soa. aboatS^I nf^ * L ^ ^^^ pleasiire
«nd h^Ls charmin^ wif e, LtKrll^S^s Sg^J^f if iJ^Tai^f^' r?^/' ^^''^ ^
re ilnfonnation. , •«" 1^3 Angeies Ia 1978 and thru him I may get soa»
congregatioa
•>>* *t^ »t»i4mtm
■•^ ■■ ». A .. "<ii rmiw>.^nm>,mn^i ,„ ,1 . ,,,«».,
N«iMla«M»MI«Mi
Chapter /»
P^F.*> 5
■
The Jaffa Story Ifew Mexico, RoBwell, Sant* ?m ^ Las Vegas
This chapter is about tha three older brothei-s of mj father, Nathan, Joseph and Barry.
Natlian, during hie lifetime, lived many years In Rosvell, later on in Santa F« and
the last yeare of bis life in Las Vegas, The other two were almoRt life long resldeni ts
of Roswell, vhere they dif>d and were laid to rest,
Nathan was the most prominent in th e fandly, I have gathered so much material con-
ceming him. It is impossible for me to write It down, but whorer may bo Interested,
can r«Hd it up in the different excerpts and copies of brochures and books, which 1
hare. If Iwero a good vrritor, I probably have enough material, to vn-ite a book about
hÜB»
Quotation from the Kncyclopaedic Judaica, Jerusalem 1973t " Nathan Jaffa (UÜ^x 1863-19A5)
went to the U.S. from Germany in 1878, settling in Trinidad, Colo. kfter brief periods
in Las Vegas and Albuquerque, NJf. (1899), Jaffa becacie cashier of the Bank of Roswell,
where he also led congregational life. Fron 190? until New Mexico becam e a state in
1912 he was its territorial secretary by presidential appointment. Later he scved for
15 years as regent of the Univers ity of New Mexico, two years as mayor of Santa Fe , and
for four years as Chief state tax commisBioner. He becanie city Clerk of Las Vegas K.M irü.
1938 and was an active mason?
The reason, that he carae to Trinidad first, Is obvious» His ttncle» , Henry, Sam and Sol,
who were his father 's brothers, had settled there and probably sent for him, as his
father had died at a young ag»,
The next paragraph is an excerpt from "the leading Facts of New KexlcoHistory" by
Ralph E. Twitchell, Vol. ▼, published 1917, caUed "The first years of Statehood"
pages 123-12A. I am grateful to Henry Prager of Washington, D.C, (son of W.Ss Prager
fwTner buBiness partner of the Jaffas) who was klad enough to send me these copies.
JK *^^, ^ °^ delegates to th e National Republican Convention created little irtterest
^r^ew KexieoKkEX etc. etc. The sum of total results growing out of the progre-
ssive-republican movement was the defeat of the "atandpat presidential electors and the
straight repuplican candidatc for Congress, Nathan Jaffa, than whom his party had
nomlnated no abier man in more than a decade", x~ ..
Quotation from the sarae article: "ffathan Jaffa, senior partnor of the firm of Jaffa,
ftager & Co., leading merchants of Roswell, Is also proralnently Identlfied witft ba»-
iclng and other interests which featureas factors in thef comraercial and business deve-
lopments of this city. h« was bom in Germany, Dec. 28, 1863. * son of Benjamin and
^ Leah Jaffa, both of whom have now passed away. (inddentally, I have their pictures
done in charcoal sketching hanging In our den) The f athe^devoted his life to teachin^
in his native country,
"Nathan Jaffa was a youth of fifteen years, when in Fobruary 1878, he came to the Ü.S.
settlinjg. in Trinidad, Col. When 18 years of age he carae to New Mexico and for two years
was manger of of the mercantlle business of Jaffa Brothers at Las Vegas, but In 1886
madeRoswell th e scene of his labors, Jbinlng W.S. Praiger in organizing the mercan-
tlle firm of Jaffa, Prager and Ccanpany,etc,
"üpon the Organization of the Bank of Roswell, he became the vice president and so «
served until 1897. In 1899he became one of the Organizers and was elected cashier of
the Cititcns Bank of Roswell and so continued until 1907.
Other accomplishments ixx: In 1895 he became County Canmissioner for two years, ffe was
Chairman of the Board of Trustees, when Rosweü was incorporated as a city. He was
likewise president of the New Mexico Institute fron its Organization until »ppointed
"""JltTT °'^l?r ^J^"^ ^ ^^'^' contlwrtng iit th. latter poaiUon for four yeara, the
capablllty with which he discharged his duties winnlng hl* hIgh endorsement and appro-
Sr L"JH'*u*"?!r ""^ ^^* Benevolertt and ProtrcUve Order of Elks. In Masonry, he was
nonoroa with the thlrt third degreeand was a past master of Roswell Lodge.Mr. Jaffa
«?"tKi"!\ f"^ V'^l'' ^^'^'^ "^^^ ^i"g • representaUre of the aoth eastem part
a »liJif «rVSLi^K ^,f"" State board. He is actuated 1» irach that he dbes ^a
a spirit of broad humanitarianiam that reaches out in help^Oness to the..<^3t.^^
••«I«
mmmmmm
-■4t 4»*,
. . . pac« 6
yr ^^l^^r aaslst&ncc is calle for to prooitc public progrees and the adrance-
i^ent Ol tho Community or race, . '
jkthan Jaffa was the last Territorial SecrcUry Iji Kew Mwxlco and inade nitneroua
^rovemente in the buBinesa methodo of hie offlce. Re was urged to be a carrii-
date for Covemor, but he declined, Kathan died on Septembei 12 Iji Las Vegas.
Unfortunately, I har« very little Information about the two younger brotber«,
Joseph and Harry, although I trled to eearclk for recorda of their actirltles
in the Roowell Museum and newspaper«. I met quite a few people, old neighbore and
frienda, vh all conflrmed to me, that they were wonderftd. people and hlghly re-
8p»cted mcmberB of the Community,
JosepB Jaffa came to Roswell in 1891 frora Llncolii, ffew Mwdco to Joii, the sUff
?:/?5 5"^^''4 ??• "? ^ ^*'" previoualj' employed in the Jaffa Brothera ,
^inidad Store in Lincoln. I hare riaited Lincoln, a anaOl hamlet not far fr^
25 ^ m??;^ S^^^r i i;^" from Roswell) where ix. Feruary of 1886 Nathan Jaffa
^n.t^ <« Ü^^ ?: ^L^*r had settled to opcn a störe. Lljicoln had a fa;nou8 Court
Sr!:.^ ^ r^t trlal .gainat Billy the Kid took place and I was told that^le
tj^Z^r^^ "f.*^^.^*^^? ^'^ ^'^*^' P»^ Garrett, . »ember of the team, SSch
captiired Billy thr Kid. Sheriff paOE Garrett became a close friend of the J^f«^
Pragers He was li^erumental lii bringl..g the Jaffa Prager Store to Rosvell.
Joseph later also became a caehier of the Citizens Bank of RoeweU. In later vears /.
«Tcy ran a grocery störe. xauer years (U..
Of Harry Jaffa, I only know that he was a newspaper man allhis life, Dhfortunatelv
he was connected with, was bumed down and all records were lost in the fire
Henry Prager of Washington, D.6, in a letter to me fed this coarie^t- "I a^vs lov^
üncle Joe and Aunt Killie too. As a kid In Roswell T r«n «+ < i wÜ^IIk u ^ •^°'^*^
_^j ^_j . j T-L -, ^ . "i3 « /U.U ±n n.o5>fej_L 1 can st-lll remember how sweet.
and good he and üncle ferry were to us kids. They were the kids' pals."
m
?hS Cd So brotS^^vJ?if^?T^ i*^^2' ^^"^ ^'^' daughters of L.P. Strauss.
«^ar2aS «^^ iS^ Ti^J J!" ^V ^°?>/«° ^d Lo«. I met Leo a few times/
«8 rar back aa in 1923 Ör 1924, wben he and his family came to Germany. Eis wlfe
Ella actuany was a first cousin of our father, daughter of i^abbi Fathin J^ffT Th«ln
only smnriving son lires in Sarasota, Fl. We hlre hfd severaTphone co^ersfu^n^
The Bathan Jaffas had three children, Julia, the oldest was married to Joseph IWi«r
In. 1921 So! Jaff» cue to Tioit hi« Bister In rfraanr «nd also to .«, ,„ t ™_k"'
?^^li^J^ Saranac lake as a represenfcatire of his state, he was thea Chief Tax
^thiwM ""^ ^ ;^*^ ^ ^^' '^•^ ^« '''^'> ^° Roch«ter expressiTeirto^et
iTrZfTr t'^hi's^^'iJLl^g^.'^^ ''^^^'^ ^-^ -^'^^ »^'.«^o-t suy- bec^
LrSs^^^'m ^i'nf p^^^N r*^^^« ^l»^ »«IP «^ ef forte I was accorded ty Lo« Prager
S^t^ Jaf^af Z rf.^rfii; "^S ^°:^^*^ "* ^^^ * ^^^ °^ info™.tioa and p^^tSf^
°faily.^ introduced me to some of the older residente, whChad knowT^he
af ter th«. J^u's^.^Z^'^r S^^T" °^ ^^ ^"^^'r^ ^ »»i^ two street.
• ««•ia^n^iVMi
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JAFFA
jAFFi
THE UNIVERSAL JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
[28]
■^W^ay^'m.iiMj^t 1^ II
iwiri I m^M^
^ei^-f*'^^'^^^
Coins of the city of Jaffa (^d cent.)-..
habitants; in 1928 thc numbcr grew to about 37,000,
among thcm 7,000 Jews. Thc rcncwcd Arab riots in
1929 again caused many Jews to rcmovc to Tcl-Aviv,
and the prolongcd Arab unrest of 1936 to 1939 again
reduccd the number of Jews in Jaffa.
The disturbances had r.nother effect, morc lasting,
and morc harmful 10 the city. Thc 1936 outbrcaks wcrc
accompanied by a strike of thc Arab longshorcmcn at
thc port and valuable shipmcnts of citrus fruits, on
which the city depended for its cxistcncc, wcrc held
up. Jewish growcrs and shippcrs immediatcly rcmoved
thcir Centers of activity to Tel-Aviv, and within a fcw
monihs cstablished the port of Tcl-Aviv. Thc cnding
of the strike and the restoration of pcacc did not bring
back to Jaffa its commerce, and thc Tcl-Aviv port
prospered at thc expensc of its neighbor. By 1938 thc
total of cxports from Tel-Aviv alrcady surpasscd thosc
of Jaffa, although the outbreak of war in 1939 upsct all
maritime commerce. Jewish immigration, which had
also prcviously gone through Jaffa, was thcrcaftcr di-
verted to Tcl-Aviv. In 1942 thcrc wcrc Icss than
70,000 pcrsons in Jaffa, a small part of thcm Jews.
In thc lattcr part of 1941, thc Jewish suburbs of thc
Jaffa municipal area sct up the Joint Committec for thc
Jcu'ish Suburbs in the Jaffa Area, to trcat the numcrous
economic, administrative, municipal and rcligious mat-
ters of thc district. Isaac Lipovitz was clcacd chair-
man of thc united reprcscntauvcs.
Carl Alpert.
Lit,: Tokowsky, The Gateway of Palestine: A History
«/ laffa (1924): Brawcr, Haaretz (Hcbrcw; 2nd ed., 1929)
300 et seq.; Baedeker, PalesUne; Thomscn, Peter, Bibliog-
raphie; Stetmatz {y 's Palestine Guide (1935): De Haas, Jacob,
Palestine (1934); Rcvusky, Abraham, Jews in Palestine
(1935); Seier Tel-Aviv (1936) 3-66; Klein, S., *1nschrift-
üches aus Jaffa," Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissen-
schaft des Judentums, vol. 75 (1931) 369-74.
JAFFA, HENRY N., New Mexico pionccr, b. Gcr-
many, 1846; d. Albuqucrquc, N. M, 1901. He camc
to thc United States as a vcry young man and sctdcd
first in Philadelphia, then in Kcokuk, Iowa, whcrc he
fcmaincd until the Civil War pcriod. Moving wcst in
1865, he spent about a ycar in southern Colorado
before rcaching Mora, New Mexico. He cstablished
«orcs in both territorics. Thc extension of thc Santa
Fe railroad into the Colorado and New Mexico terri-
torics prompted Jaffa to return to Colorado, whcrc hc
opened a störe in Trinidad.
Jaffa returned to New Mexico in 1879, and went into
iwsiness in Las Vegas. Thrcc ycars latcr hc cxtcndcd
his intcrests to Albuqucrquc. When Albuqucrquc was
incorporated in 1885, Ma became its first mayor. 111
hcalth nccessitated a trip to Europc in 1889, from
which Jaffa returned to the United States in 1891, j^'
live in Trinidad, Col., until 1897. That ycar hc'rc-
turned 10 Albuqucrquc, whcrc hc remaincd until hir
dcath.
• Jaffa organizcd the first synagogue in New Mexico
(1897), and became its first presidcnt. Hc was also
activc in other fraternal and civic affairs and wa$
cffectivc in aiding thc carly developmcnt of the New
Mexico and Colorado territorics.
JAFFA, NATHAN, New Mexico civic official, b.
.. Gcrmany, 1863. He carae to the United .States iff^S-g*
setding in Trinidad, Col. Thrcc ycars latcr he went to*
Las Vegas, New Mexico, whcrc hc lived for two ycars.
He then moved to Albuqucrquc, and two ycars Intcr
to Roswcll, whcrc, in 1899, hc was made cashier of thc
Bank of Roswcll. During his residence in Roswcll, hc
was also leadcr of the Jewish Community and Organizer
of the Sabbath school, and hc conducted Friday evc-
ning Services.
In 1907 Jaffa was appointed secretary to the Tcrri.
tory of New Mexico by President Theodore RooscvcIl
President William Howard Taft reappointed him in
1910, and Jaffa remained in thc post until New Mexico
became a State in 1912. Later Jaffa servcd for fiftecn
ycars as a regent of the University of New Me::ico,
part of the time as presidcnt of the board. Living in
Santa Fe, the capital, because of his ofncial positinn,
Jaffa was also elected mayor of thc city for one two-
ycar term. For four ycars hc was chicf tax commis-
sioner of the State. In 1938 he was made city cicrk of
Las Vegas, and in 1942 still held this position.
JAFFE (also Jaffe and Joffe; from the Hojrew
yafeh, "bcautiful"), wcll-known Jewish famiiy which
camc originally from Bohemia and whose most promi-
nent representative was the codiücr Mordecai Jane.
Thc name is common in thc United States, Gcrmany,
England, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Poland and Russia!
Thc genealogy of the Jaffe famiiy has not yct bccn
satisfactorily invcstigated, and the assertion that the
Jaffcs are altogether or for the most part descendants
of Mordecai Jaffe requires closer examinanon in in-
dividual cases.
UL: Urisohn, in Yevreisk.aya Starina (1912) 364 et
seq.; Landshuth, Toledoth Anshe Hashem (1884) 8-9, 37;
Daath Kedoshim, cdit. Eisenstadt, I. T., and Wiener. S.'
(1897-98) 34-35; Wachstein, B., Die Inschriften des alten
Judenfriedhofs in Wien, vol. i (1912); vol. 2 (1917).
JAFFE, EDGAR, political economist, b. Hamburg,
Gcrmany, 1866; d. Munich, Gcrmany, 1921. He was
bapnzed while still a child. From 1904 on hc pub-
lished the Archiv für Sozialtvissenschaften und Sosial-
politiJ{^ together with Sombart and Max Weber, and
from 19 16 on the Europäische Staats- und Wirtschafts-
zeitung in collaboration with the Bavarian minister von
Fraundorfer. Jaffe's works dealt with social problcms,
war cconomy, taxarion, and especially the forcign bank-
ing System, his chicf work in this field bcing Das
englische BanJ^wesen. After the 1918 Revolution, he
was minister of financc of Bavaria during thc Eisner
government, but shordy aftcr Eisner's assassination hc
withdrew from the government, before the proclama-
tion of the Bavarian Sovict.
Lit.: Deutsclies Biographisches Jahrbuch, vol. 3 (1927)
160-62,
3AFPA
■'ir'.
-v.'.
I
^
«fr
ffight) Inferior view of
uffa gate; ( below) viet
Jaffa from the sea
•».-II»'-; H
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I
F
PIONEERS,
PEDDLERS,
AND
TSA PIHIM
The Story
of the Jews
in Colorado
M <
\
IDA LIBERT UCHILL
Quality Line Printing Co. Boulder . Colorado
1
»
ded the Methodist Sunday School. As they grew up and the town's
population began its decline to forty inhabitants, the Friedheims
left for more likely places to make a living. Alfred Friedheim
ventured into Telluride. When he lived in that mining camp
there was but one Jew there. The town boasted one church ancl
iweniy saloons. Although it seems that there were never more
than two Jews in Telluride at any one time, the number of Tews
who hved there at various periods in the 80's and 90's numbers
at least a dozen.
In Grand Junction, the rieh farm and orchard country. one of
the earhest arrivals was Monis Strouse, a young German lew
At the age of seventeen, he came to the United States and, after
hving in New York, southern Florida, New Orleans, and Chicago
(where he traded for several years for a für Company, travelina
mto the "Wilds" of Iowa and Nebraska) , he tried Colorado. In
1861 he married the sister of S. L. Holzman, an early Colorado
merchant. and through him became a kinsman to the large Sands
family in the West. He was in Colorado when he heard of thr
. townsite on the western edge of the State. With two friends he
took a covered wagon west from Canon City. While bis compan-
lons siept in the wagon. Strouse slept under it in a tarpaulin lo
Protect him against the snow. He opened a clothing störe in
(^rand Junction and built a large für trade, buying deer and bear
skins by the wagonload from the Indians. After a time he added
wool to bis purchases.
He was on excellent terms with the Indians and was a good
friend of Chief Ouray and bis family. Scores of Indians, who
called the little merchant "my friend heap big little man" and
who did business with him for more than forty five years, attended
his funeral. At bis death at the age of ninety-three, the local news-
paper obituary had a familiär ring:
A picturesque and lovable figure passes from the life of the
city and the western slope . . . not many of his race have ever
left settled civihzation to come into the raw new west ... and
too few Citizens anywhere leave behind them the record of as
blameless a life.^"
It never seems to have occurred to the pioneers that the total
number of Jews in Colorado was so small that if more than one
Jew lived in every town and camp in the State at the same time,
there would not be enough Jews to go around.
108
IRINIDAD
8
The oldest congregation outside Denver in continuous existence
is the Congregation Aaron in Trinidad. The history of this Jewish
Community, which built its temple on the old Santa Fe Trail, is
an interesting example of the adaptability of the Jews to their
environment, while retaining their Jewish identity, especially
since all around it intermarriage was eradicating Judaism.
Where ornate and lavish Spanish cathedrals prevail, the sim-
plicity of Colorados oldest Jewish house of worship still in use
is a Sharp contrast to the culture of the southwest. Yet the roman-
tic region influenced the Jewish life of the town, which goes back
to the earliest years of settlement. There were very few white set-
tlers in the area in the 60's when the first known Jew, a man named
M. Wise, arrived in the early part of the decade. At least another
six Jews arrived betöre 1870, and the first Jewish family was es-
tablished in 1870 with the marriage of Isaac Levy. That year and
the following, two young men (apparently miners) from Eliza-
bethtown, New Mexico, helped complete a miiiyan for Yom
Kippur. Four more Jews came into the region in 1872." Between
1877 and 1880 the Jewish Community numbered about fifteen
Jewish families,*"' almost all of whom had come before the railroad.
When the first board of trustees of the newly incorpK)rated town
of Trinidad met in 1876, Sam Jaffa, who had been there for four
years, was elected the chairman of the group. At the same time
Isaac Levy was elected to the board. In the records filled with
names of diverse origin, such as Jesus Maria, and Delos, Jewish
names appear with frequency and regularity. When the Jewish
Community was large, the city Council always had one or two Jews
serving. They still took an active part in every phase of city life
even when there was only a handful of them left. In 1952, at the
time of his death, Gilbert Sanders, the leader of the Jewish Com-
munity, was a county judge.
When the coal mining industry began its greatest activity, a
li'nai B'rith lodge was chartered in 1878 with twenty-nine meni-
bers. At the birth of Arthur G. Jaffa, in 1883, the Congregation
Aaron with eighteen members was organized, and when the Char-
ter was signed, there were fifty-five names on the document. That
lall the first Services ol the temple were held in the Opera House
at two doUars a seat. That same year the first cemetery meeting
109
r'
ce«(
ed Speaker, l.ke Dr. Jacob Marcus. Dr. Abraham Cronbach. and its
owr, former rabb.. Martin Weitz, few of them respond. The
Orthodox prefcr to go to Pucblo where ihere is an Orthodox-Con-
servative congregation. The otliers siniply are not interested.
FOOTNOTES
'ÄAfA'. May 12, 1862.
^HMN, May 26. 1862.
^RMN. June 19, 1862.
*RMN, May 3. 1861.
'^RMN, May 8, 1861.
"ftA/A^, May 22. 1861.
'RMN, Oct. 26, 1860.
"RMN. Aug. 28, 1861.
VfT^'' ^"''^^'^- '"^""-f>"<'^""'<'' Hiilory of Colorado
^"S. Kline, op. cit.
"RMN, Sept. 2S. 1870.
••-•Thomas E. Carmociy. ••Robert K. Lcvy," Repri.ucd Iro.n ,l,c .\„nal. „f
I<M.\.AUK. -'1. 18/!». In tl.<; loi.K l,st of namcs of "Mcn of Mcans " ami
tl.c amount on ,^•lmh cach was taxcci. thc foliowing appears-
"Appel & Co '' ^' •
Albert Abel " ';■'""
S. L. Holzman ; ^"^^^
J- Hol/man .7 " Ifrn
A. Jacobs üc Co ; 5'Jnn
I. H. Castor r.Sicl I^""
Wolf Londoner (Sit) ,;'':„„
Julius Londoner .[ ".: ',''^^"
Edward P.CO (sicj ::::::::::::::::::: 5:2
^. Rose k Co
S^^o-on Bros ZZZZ Jon
B. A. wisebart ;::;;; ^''1^ ..
'M. E. Smith, op. at. "" " ^'" '"
''RMN, Sept 12. 1882. p. I.
'VO,op. cit., Nov. 24. 1905.
'^Interview, Mrs. Fred Meyers.
^«Dixon Wechter, Saga of American Society
VO Oci. 14. 1904 Also. Mr. William Guggenheim of New York mnrricd
Amy Steinberger of the Metropole Hotel.
270. Nov. 18. 1904.
270, March 3. 1905.
^'RMN, Sept. 13. 1925.
-mMW Nov. 26. 1948.
'*RMN, Sept. 24. 1881.
-''RMN, Gel. 17. 1881.
-«BB minutes. July 10. 1881.
"David Marks Hyman. ' "Ihe Romancc of a Mining Venture" courtesy of
the American Jewish Archives.
-**DPL clipping file, no source, Dcc. 20, 1892.
'Vsraelite, No date. 1892. Wm. S. F. Scrapbook.
'"''Israelite, Dec. 4, 1894.
'^^Repuhlican, Nov. 1, 1892.
'-Hyman, op. cit.
•^Wolle, op. cit.
■^♦Caroline Bancroft, Famoiis Aspen, p. 39.
•'•Wolle, op. cit., p. 184.
^♦*William L. White. Bernard Baruch, Portrait of a Citizen.
'''Colorado State Business Directory, 1881. I he Meyer referred to may have
been Ferdinand Meyer, a Jewish pre territorial trader from New Mexico.
^Grand Junction Sentinel, Nov. I. 1928.
'VO, Nov. 11, 1905, "Jews in the Country Towns of Colorado." Also Sol
Jaffa on the Jews of Trinidad. David Gottlieb interview, State Historical
Society. CWA, 1933, 1934.
*^\J. S. Census, 1880 lists at least 20 Jewish men in Trinidad.
^'Temple Aaron Biblette. Nov. 11, 1949.
112
113
■■1
c^. -..-.■ >v^..,':-jt. .. ^^,
T
-•.
PIONEERS,
PEDDLERS,
AND
TSAOlHm
The Story
of the Jews
in Colorado
IDA LIBERT UCHILL
Quality Line Printing Co. Boulder , Ck>lorado
^R^, p. 49, fol. 5.
^RMN, Feb. 21, 1885.
"Elias Mcnkus.
''Art. Inc., Nov. 17, 1905.
•70, June 26. 1906. fifth annual nitnic
'y<^, p. H, col. 3.
''BH minutcs, Nov. 13. 1901. p 79
•70, Nov. 11, 1904.
''ßB minutes. Mar. 12. 1905. p. 110-111
'""Ibtri, June 10, 1906, p. 215
'""DIN, Jan. 14. 1920.
''DJN. Mar. 2. 1915. p. 10.
''DJN, Sept. 22 and Oct. 16. 1916
.cIThcS' r:;""'" *■""""" """'"" "•"'"' '"-''■ "«^ ""- in.
-Myy, Vol. 22. p. 32.1 (1920-21).
^••AfFadavit of Inc. No. 6409. Jan. 18 1894
syN,'jtn;i;''i;^^^^ ''""''• "^"" ^^"^^^"^^^^' '^^^^^' H^^r--. -•-
'•^//A^ Apr. 8, 1951.
'V/iV, April 4. 1929.
'"Interview, A. B. Cohen.
^'West End Press. Jan. 4. 1935.
'VO, Nov. 17. 1905.
^'/;^^ B. M. H. Golden Anniversary Edition. .Mar. 25. 1948. p. 15.
"The Tents"
240
1
The National Jewish Hospital for Consumptivcs, dcdicated in
a blaze of publicity in December, 1899, for several reasons could
not begin to cope with the flood of sick at its do<3rs. The hospital
would accept only incipient, curable cases. Because patients were
acccpred only after arrangements had been made in the city from
which the victims of tuberculosis came, it could only serve a limited
number of the afflicted. A third and inif>ortant reason was that the
Institution was not kosher. The rate of tuberculosis was high among
the displaced Orthodox Jews in the east, niany of whom would not
cven apply for admission to an institution where milk was sencd
with meat. The problem of 154,000 people dying every year from
the disease, and those afflicted with it, ten times that number, was
more than the nation, and certainly Denver, could solve.
Calling themselves "The Immigrant Brotherhood of Q)nsump-
tives,'* the Jcws like the non-Jews, descended upon Denver, but
because of their indigence, upon West Denver and especially West
Col fax. The Situation was described by Dr. Maurice Fishberg in
the Jewish Outlook:
. . . that a great proportion are here for their health is
evident from their extemal appearances. . . . Most of these
hungry-looking individuals do not present the general
appearance of the average denizen of the Ghetto, not as busy
or active as Jews generally are . . . standing around disrussing
weight gained or lost, new "eures," reading Yiddish papers.
It is a city of rest not of activity as Ghettoes usually are.*
Dr. Fishberg said that room and board were from $6 to |9 a
week, and pointed out that the sick must have air, food, freedom
from care, and must be lively, cheerful, and happy. **No onc ought
241
jL
gjL.
'
to come here looking for work. Those without money perish"'
Bill the sick werc desperate. Every train brought more and more
of them. Men died on the downtown strecis, and it became a com
mon sight to see someone sit down suddenly on the street curb,
and fall hemorrhaging into the street. The newspapers which had
been so silent on the subject earlier, and then praised die Jews
when the hospital opened with its first patient, a Swedish girl,*con-
tinucd ro praise the Jews, especially for the fact that in tables and
reports no mention of religious denomination was made by the
hospital, and that "Hcbrews do not predominate in the list of
patients."^ At the same time they described the cases where Jews
with tuberculosis had starved to death.*
The older Jewish Community, which had established the hos
pital, was furious, and the Jexvish Outlook rose to the defense of
the Jews. While one such newspaper story was not in accord with
the facts, the periodical pointed out that
this is, however, a case of wrongdoing by those who send
helpless dependents to Colorado. The Jewish Relief Society
can never hope to gather enough money to maintain the
constantly increasing number of consumptives with their de-
pendent families who daily come to Denver of their own
volition, or by the mistaken motivations of their unjust
friends.*^
Again and again the hospital begged tlie eastem cities to look after
their poor and sick, and not to make of Denver, which numbered
less than 6,000 Jews, a dumping ground.
In West Colfax daily collections were made and "the red ban-
danna, fatchulr, the symbol of old-fashioned Jewish charity was
very much in evidence."' Half of Denver, and half of the }ews.
it was claimed, were "ex-tuberculars" or had to care for sick inem
bers of their own family. Now they found what seemed to them
to be all of the sick of the land on their doorstep.
The "lungers" decided to take tJie matter into their own hands.
At a meeting on October 31, 1903, a group of men met together
in a Store building in West Colfax "to organize a Society for help-
ing the poor Consumptives in this town who are badly in need of
help." The list of men, most of them who were recovered or on
their way back to health, was repeated in the history of the in-
stitution by Dr. Spivak:
Mr. Benjamin Diamond, a tinner, and fair Hebrew scholar,
who "spits strawberry juice" presided; Henry Cohen, a clerk,
242
who was elected secretary, an intelligent well-read young
fellow with a cheerfiil disposition . . . Louis Shapiro» cigar*
maker; Jacob Cooper, tailor; David Bernhardt, furricr; M.
Levinger, musician; L. Wolf, tailor; J. Millstine, pho-
tographer; E. Aidelman, wagonmaker; Louis Bornstein, a silk
weaver; David Kaufman, actor; Benjamin Wiitenstein, a
furrier; H. Heublum, a painter.
In addition, the names at the first meeting included Morris
Yasness, Max Siegle, Jacob Fischer, Herman Katz, Harry Elbroch,
Louis Levin, and M. Hyman.^ Years later, it became customary
for almost every prominent Jlw to claim, if he was interested in
the institution, that he was a founder of it. In a sense this was
true of every resident of West Colfax, but the early minutes do
not reveal the names of most of these claimants to the honor.
This first group chose for itself the name of Denver Charity for
Consumptives, with Louis Shapiro as treasurer. A hat was passed
that evening, and $1.10 was contributed. It was suggested that
"we should appeal to the Rieh people for aid, for all those poor
consumptives who are badly in need of help." At the next meeting,
a week later, the word "charity" was removed and the name chang-
ed to The Denver Appeal Society for Consumptives. A collection
brought in $2.35.^ Two more meetings were held. With dues
set at five cents a week, $1.85' and $1.70'^ were collected.
A mass meeting was called for December 12, 1903, at the Tiph
ereth Israel synagogue in West Colfax, with Joe Washer presiding.
The hall was so jammed that there was no Standing room left
and for once the orthodox custom of dividing the sexcs did
not prevail, nor did the rabbis protest. The addresses werc
so appealing. that the audience broke into a lament as
poignant as that as in olden days on Tisha b'Av at the
recital of Kinoth.^^
A committe was appointed and the name Jewish Consumptives
Relief Society adopted. At the first committee meetings were
present Washer, A. Goodstein. Joseph Jaffa^ and Doctors Zeder-
baum and Spivak. Jaffa was elected chairman and Spivak secretary.
To the next board meeting were invited the leaders of the
Jewish Community, particularly those connected with the National
Jewish Hospital, including Rabbi Friedman. The guests made
it clear that they were against soliciting aid from the outside,
"since such action may bring a great number of consumptives to
Denver." Dr. Spivak disagreed. It was his opinion that "increas-
243
♦»..
ed demand for aid, as a resiilt of an influx of consumptives, would
also increase the sources of income."*^ Only Jaffa, of the Temple
niembers, remaincd with the new Organization, and was elected
its President.
Another mass meeting was called in January, and the total col-
lertion since the first meeting was brought to $369.15. It had been
the plan of the group to wait until there was $2000 in the treasury
before making an appeal out of the city This was changed by an
editorial in the Jewish Outlook, edited by Rabbi Friedman, saying
that the Jewish Relief Society was in straits, that the town was
flooded with tuberculosis, and asking that a "national society for
Jewish consumptives be formed at onte."'^ The board sent a
letter to the Jewish Outlook stating that an Organization, as out-
lined in the editorial, was already in existence. An appeal to the
nation through the Jewish press was ordered to be sent out im-
mediately, subject to the approval of President Jaffa. Jaffa, who
was against the establishment of a hospital and wanted the work
of the J.C.R.S. restricted, resigned.'* Dr. Philip Hillkowitz was
elected president.
The press and propaganda committee, to which Dr. Spivak
invited his friend, Yehoash, began to function immediately. In
Denver, the first to answer the plea was the Pride of Denver Lodge,
Indepcndent Order IVrith Abraham, which enlisted the aid of the
national Organization, which assessed a two and a half cent per
capita tax. The Workmen's Circle followed. With the help of
the Yiddish press, and its pleas from editors Abraham Calian,
fohann Paley, Leon Zolotkoff, and the poet, Morris Rosenfeld,
ladies' auxiliaries and tributary societies sprang up almost over-
night throughout the country. The English press followed closely
and the Denver Organization became nationally-known even before
a hospital was begun.
For $5,000 twenty acres of land for a sanitarium was purchased
in Jefferson County, a fifteen-minute walk from the end of the car-
line on West Colfax. Dr. Zederbaum donated the funds for the
first edifice — a tent — in memory of his father, Alexander Zeder-
baum, the foundcr of the Hebrew Journal in Russia, the Hamelitz
HaMaili. Other tents were named for the I. O. B. A., Workmen's
Circle, Theodore Hcrzl, the names of two to be auctioned off at
the dedication, "if deemed proper."'' A framc building was put
up at the same time and the Jewish Consumptives Relief Society
was ready for dedication, September 4, 1904.
244
i
The almost instant success of tlic ncw institution was due to the
idealists it attracted. The National Jewish Hospital had as its
Supporte., the wealthy Jews of A-erica_in the ^e-pje E-an^d
alone. there werc several milhonaires. The J. C. R. b^ was '«"naeo
witli the nickeis and dimes that the hard-pressed Jews of West
Colfax sacrificed. and the roll for breakfast that an Eastem shop-
worker eave up for a sick person in Colorado.
Among the many ardent workers for the institution was the son
of Rabbi Hillkowitz who suggested the Hospital's motto from the
Talmud, "He who saves one Hfe is considered as if he had preserv
ed the whole world." Dr. Philip Hillkowitz served the sanitanum
as its President until his dealh in 1948. He was one of the lead.n«
pathologists and bacteriologists in the American Med.cal Associa
iion. Locally he held chain at the medical Colleges and served on
the stafFs as pathologist of four hospitals, and capta.n of the med.cal
Corps during World War I. Despite his vast knowledge of many
sul^ects and his linguistic ability in fourteen '»"f^^gf^^^'^.^' ;"
extremely modest and quiet man. He was apprec.ated by the non-
lewish Community which changed local and "täte med.cal conven^
tions so that he would not have to appear on "'gj^"^'«*^ays or at
places where Jews were not normally perm.tted. W.th h.s passmg
L-he suflFered a stroke while presiding at a meet.ng where he ^s
having difficulty with some of the memben. of the board of the
JCR^.-the last of the yoimg selfle^s ideahsts. whose love for
mankind had built the J.C.R.S., was gone.
During the years when the J.C.R.S. was new and was meet.ng
violent Opposition from the National J^--,^»^ "7!;^^ !;'\X
Anna, who was a lib.3rian at the Denver Publ.cL.brary 00k a
leave of absence to travel for the inst.tut.on as .ts first field sec-
"\7was a thrilling day for these workej, and for all of Wm
Colfax when. close to the front ränge o the f ^'^•";;^^J^!'"^^^^^^
tents were opened to the first seven pat.ents four days after ded.
ca" on. The 'tents" as the J.C.R.S. was called. became one of the
mTwelcome sights in the West^ Many a Je-, he^thr^y-k
exclaimed as he did on entenng h.s synagogue. How goodly arc
thy tents, O Jacob, and thy dwell.ng places. O Israel.
The supporters of the National Jewish Hospital for Comump-
tives. remembering the prolonged labor .n g.v.ng b.rth to the
245
I
^^
«on^t-^r'u "'""'*• ^^""^^ ^^'^ *^''^" ''«^*^" » Suggestion as early
35 1904 that the nme Jewish charities should be federated. Mn
u 7u° P^^P"«^^ 'he idea. pointed out that the Jew» of Den-
ver hadbeen Pioneers in city wide charity Organization.
But the Central Cotnmittee and federation Suggestion were sub-
merged m the deep Community rift which had resulted from the
vague plans of the small group of men in a störe building in West
U>lfax, materializing into the Jewish Consumptives Relief Society
1 he German Jews forgot their refinement and began to attack
not only the J.C.R.S. and its leaders. but also many of the East
European or Orthodox ideals. On tlie side of the German-Reform
group was a handsoine and populär lawyer, Alfred Muller, who
ach.eved prominence in all of his activities. He served not only
as President of the local Bnai B'rith lodge but also as president of
the Distnct Grand Lodge. In communal affairs he served on the
cuy s Associated Charities. and on the Juvenile Improvement As-
sociation. Most significantly, he was the secretary of the newly-
opened National Jewish Hospital for Consumptives. and for his
work on l?ehalf of the hospital he was not only honored locally
but also was a delcgate to the National Conference of Jewish
Charities. To what he had to say, the older Community listcned
carefully and proudly. When he reported the conditions in the
Atwood Colony to the Bnai B'rith lodge, a committee was prompt-
ly appomted to investigate. As a member of the Central Relief
Committee he brought to the attention of the Bnai ßVith lodge
the treatment of Jewish peddlen and gave his time and efForts to
Protect them. '
Neither before nor after. was the Jewish Community so shocked
as when it leamed. mostly through newspaper headlines, that
the charming lawyer had died suddenly, leaving behind a deficit
of 175,000 in the coffers of the National Jewish Hospital.
How Muller died— one legend has it that he placed a wax dum-
my m the coffin in his stead and escaped to South America— or
what he did with the embezzled funds, are still mysteries. Emest
Morris and Joseph Jaffa, two of the leading Jewish lawyers in Den-
ver, were assigned the task of unraveling the facts. which Morris
set down in his autobiography.'
It had been the duty of the secretary. Muller, to deposit all of
the hospital funds with the institution's treasurer in New York.
Not all contributions which he received personally ever left his
hands. This was petty pilfering compared to his other actions.
266
The hospital had borrowcd a large $um of money from a Denver
bank, giving in return a note signed by Muller and Samuel Giab-
felder, the institution's national president When the hospital was
ready to pay the note, the money was sent to Müller, who kept
the money and signed renewal notes payable to the bank over h«
own signature and the forged signature of Grabfelder.
Checks he received to pay Denver merchants for food and sup-
plies he handled similarly, foi^ging the endorsements and keeping
the funds for himself. He told tlie local merchants that the funds
for payment were tied up in üie East, and that they would havc to
wait for their money. In addition, he purchased land for the hos-
pital -nd reported that the purchase price was greater than the
amount he had actually paid, keeping the difference for himself.
He embezzled even the funds set aside for the patienu to cover
their retum trip transportation from the hospital on their dis-
charge.
When the discovery was first made, there were some suggestions
to hush the whole matter, as it might be harmful to the hospital
if the Story were publicized. Grabfelder disagreed: "I am detcr-
mincd that no guilty man shall escape." Jaffa and Morris had
MuUer's assistant arrested. The expert penman made a partial
confession, admitting that he had disguised his handwriting and
falsified the books on Muller's order. Feelings did not run as
high against him as they had against his deceased employer. Philip
Hombein offered to defend him. With twenty-seven charges
brought against him by the District Attomey, the v»rretched man
took a fatal dose of poison on the eve of the trial, "thus taking a
change of venue to a court invisible."
The hospital was able to recover a little more than half the
amount stolen. The leading officers of the Institution made con-
tributions to restore to the hospital the entire balance. Both of the
investigating lawyers, Morris and Jaffa, became members of the
hospital's board of trustees, and Morris* sister-in-law, Mr». Sera-
phine Pisko, was elected secretary of the hospital.
Unpleasant as the stör)- was. nevertheless it appears that it con-
tributed toward the unification of the Jewish Community in Den-
ver. Apparently unrelated events, viewed in retrospect, led to the
forming of the first Central Je%visli Council in Denver. The min-
utes of the B'nai B'rith lodge record almost all of the events of
267
I
i
i
major significance in thc communal life. From them the »tory can
be pieced together.
When Dr. Spivak came to Denver, he was already a member of
the Order in Philadelphia. He came to the Denver lodge as a vis-
itor soon after bis arrival, biu did not present bis petition for sev-
eral years. Between the time of bis arrival in Denver and bis peti-
tion, the J.C.R.S. bad come upon thc scene. On March 13, 1904,
Josepli Jaffa, who bad been asked to ser\ e as president of the in-
fant J.C.R.S., inrroduced a resolution at thc lodge:
That Denver Lodge No. 171 lOBB appropriate the sum of
$100 to the sotiety. with the conditions that the snm of $1900
l)c Mibscribed and paid into the treasury of the society from
other sources first; that the socieiy accept niembers selected by
the Bß to the board of trustees, with the same power as any of
the other menibers of the board."
A committee was appointed by the lodge to investigate and report
to the lodge. At a following meeting the committee reported:
VVe attended a meeting of the Directors of said society and
are o^ the opinion that the promoters have no definite plan
outlined for the work of the society, nor does there seem to be
an unanimity of opinion among its directors. We are led to
belicve they intcnd toorganize for thc purpose of caring for in-
curable consumptives and to make its scope a national one, as
they have sent appeals broadcast over the country. Such an Or-
ganization can do a great deal of good to siiffering humanity
and a great deal of barm to Denver, to its Citizens and its
Jews. We are of the opinion that it will not be possible for
this society to get suHicient money to do effectual work, and
that it will ultimately fail. We do not favor a donation at this
time by the lodge.*
Within the lodge werc members of the board of the J.C.R.S.
Altbougb the minutes do not describe the temper of the discus-
sion, the hour became so late that consideration was postponed
and a special meeting was scheduled. When the report came up
for approval on April 24, the approving votes, representing the
supporters of the National Hospital, were more than twice those
whom they opposed at the new institution — fifty to twenty-one.
Dr. Spivak had not yet petitioned the lodge. Early the follow-
ing year, 1905, bis friend, Dr. Philip Hillkowitz, asked for Infor-
mation on how Dr. Spivak could obtain a witbdrawal card from
bis Philadelphia lodge. '^ In April the petition was submitted and
rejected. Until the deatb of Muller and the ensuing scandal, the
268
question of donating funds to the J.C.R.S. was regfularly brouglii
to the lodge and voted down, and the petition of Dr. Spivak was
rcgularly read and rejected. At the same time more and more of
bis friends were being accepted into the order. Ironically, thc
tents which had been erected to care for incurables from the
length and breadth of the land were caring for members of otlier
B'nai B'ritb lodges." Nevertheless thc lodge refused a donation.
Debates became more intense in the lodge, and charges liecame
more and more personal.
But the J.C.R.S. supporters were persistent. In 1908:
The motion to donate $50.00 to the J.C.R.S. was then taken
up and Brother Muller took the floor to speak on the ques-
tion. During bis remarks Bro. Phil Hornbein rose to a point
of order claiming that Brother Muller's remarks were not ger-
mane to the question, and that he bad no right to attack any
person who was not present to defend himself.^
There is no doubt as to whom Muller had attacked. Dr. Spivak
was again rejected in September.
Muller died August 1, 1911. There were no resolutions pasted
into the minute book eulogizing bim as there were for every other
deceased member, including bis assistant.' The following spring
Dr. Spivak petitioned the lodge and was elected.* He was given
the unusual honor of being asked to give a short talk.*^
By 1910 the leaders of the Central Committee feit its scopc
sbould be enlarged. The B'nai B'rith minutes report that a com-
munication was received:
From the Relief Committee of this city requesting that the
Lodge send two members with füll power to act to a Conven-
tion to be held Sund. Jan 8 at 8 p.m. at Swit/erland Hall.
1418 Larimer St.
The minutes add that the committee then representing it in
that body would be continued.'' The meeting was held with about
sixty delegates present, representing every charitable, fraternal.
and social Organization in the city. Rabbi Kauvar was chosen
chairman of the meeting. According to Meyer Friedman, the
B nai B'rith delegate, "Much talk was indulged in. but no one
seemed to have a clear idea of what was to be done, or how it
should be done."^^
Early the next year one of the members of the lodge read a
269
i
\
needed another Jewish hospital in addition to die Beth Israel in
West Golf ax. The Jewish doctors were particularly anxious to
estabhsh such a hospital, and were successdil in creating enoueh
of both Community and nationwide interest to build the General
Rose Memorial Hospital. ^^
In 1950 the first general assembly of organizations was cailed hv
the Alhcd Jewish Community Council.
FOOTNOTES
^BB minutcs, June 27, 1909, p. 59.
^Ernest Morris. •'Gathcring Much, An Historical Narrative *'
'BB minutcs, Mar. 13, 1904, p. 28 and 29
*Ibid., Apr. 10, 1901, p. 35.
^Ihid., Feb. 12, 1905. p. 103.
Vbtd., Apr. 26, 1908, p. 361.
V^;y/.. June 28, 1908, p. 374.
^Ibid., Dec. 10, 1911.
Vbid,, Apr. 14, 1912.
'''Ibid., Apr. 28. 1912.
''Ibid., Dec. 25, 1910. p. 184.
'^Ibid.,¥Qh. 11, 1911, p. 199.
''Ibid., Feb. II, 1912, p. 295.-
^*J. M. Morris papers. Constitution Central Jewish Council, Nov. 7 1912
' DJN, Nov. 12, 1915, protcst against Gary School System of released time
for religious Instruction; DJN, Apr. 2, 1925.
*^J. M. Morris papers. Mar. 26, 1939.
'''Ibid., Charles I. Cooper report, Oct. 8, I94I.
'«BBminutes. Apr. H, 1912. Federation incorporated Mar 17 1913
'^Ibid., Mar 9, 1913. ' '
''The Story of the Oppositwn. Courtcsy American Jewish Archives.
^'DJN, Dec. 1, 1915. dissolvcd.
''DJN, Dec. 12, 1916.
«J. M. Morris papers. Minuies of the meeting of the Special Committee
of the Conference of National Institutions in Denver. First meetine Mar 16
no year given.
^♦Constitution, as published in the Council's Blue Book, 1943
2«J. M. Morris papers. Aug. 22. 1945.
^^Ibid., Cooper rcj>ort.
2^J. M. Morris papers. Special meeting. "The Dissolution of the Central
Jewish Council and the Disposition of the Intermountain lexuish Nervs"
May 29, 1949.
'^Ibid., papers, correspondence, Feb. 7. 1945.
28
The Jewish Press
276
The Jexvish Outlook, the first periodical for the Jewish Com-
munity, appeared September 15, 190.*?, as a inonthly. Its founder
and business manager was twenty-year-old Samuel Priess (Price) .
With its second issue, the magazine bcrame a weekly, for which
Rabbi Friedman wrote the gnest editorial. Alter the first two
issues the rabbi became the editor and Dr. Moses Collins of t\v
National Jewish Hospital the treasurer and in a few months Pries%
was no longer connected with the paper, The publication was
unmistakably the unofficial organ of the Hospital, coinciding with
the birth of its hated rival, the J.C.R.S. The editorial policy, which
was not always in good taste, was strongly anti-Zionist and anri
traditional Judaism (wliich was excitedly denounced as the spawn-
ing ground of socialists and atheists). Although the Outlook was
everything but a unifying Force in the ( ommunitv during its earlv
years, its publishers conscientioiisly opened the columns "to every
variety of Jewish opinion."
After four years the periodical ^vas sold to Ben Rosenberg.
Rabbi Monugue N. A. Cohen of the Temple Fmanuel in Pueblo
became its editor. In 1909 Jacob J. Lieberman joined the staflF.
With others hopefui of communal unity, the publication became
an ardent exponent of the Kehillah idea, as it neared the end of its
life. The periodical changed hands again in 1911: in 1912 pub-
lisher Aaron Rachofsky resigned; and in 1913 publication ccased.
The Jews were without a paper until February 26, 1915, when
the first issue of the Denver Jewish News, published by the Central
Jewish Council, appeared, with Dr. Spivak as its editor. The doctor
not only wrote most of the material in its columns, but also solicit-
ed subscriptions for the newspaper as well, ffe and Milton An-
277
107 TAFe4
Die Ausbürgerung
deutscher Staatsangehöriger
1933-45
nach den im Reichsanzeiger
veröffentlichten Listen
Band 1
Listen in chronologischer Reihenfolge
Herausgegeben von Michael Hepp
Eingeleitet von
Hans Georg Lehmann und Michael Hepp
Expatriation Lists as Published
in the "Reichsanzeiger"
1933-45
Volume 1
Lists in chronological order
Edited by Michael Hepp
Introductory remarks by
Hans Georg Lehmann and Michael Hepp
K • G • Säur
München • New York • London • Paris 1985
Liste 207
Liste 207
Deutscher Relchsanzeiger und Preußischer Staats-
anzeiger Nr. 263 vom 8.11.1940
Bekanntmachung.
Auf Grund des § 2 des Gesetzes über den Widerruf
von Einbürgerungen und die Aberkennung der
deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit vom H.Juli 1933
(RGBl. 1 S. 480) in Verbindung mit § 1 der Verord-
nung über die Aberkennung der Staatsangehörigkeit
und den Widerruf des Staatsangehörigkeitserwerbes
in der Ostmark vom ll.Juh 1939 (RGBl. 1 S. 1235)
erkläre ich im Einvernehmen mit dem Herrn
•
Reichsminister des Auswärtigen folgende Personen
der deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit für verlustig:
1. Bauernfrcund, Hermann Israel, geb. am 1.8.
1893 in Schluchtern (Kr. Eppingen/ Baden),
2. Bauernfrcund, Ida Sara, geb. Neumetzger, geb.
am 27. 2. 1901 in Oberdorf a. Ipf (Kr. Aalen),
3. Bauernfrcund, Kurt David Israel, geb. am 12. 6.
1924 in Hcilbronn a. N.,
4. Bauernfrcund, Günther Gustav Israel, geb. am
6.7. 1928 in Heilbronn a. N.,
5. Bcchold, Marie Sara, geb. W^elsch, geb. am
17.3. 1878 in Ottensoos (Lkr. Hersbruck),
6. Bcchold, Arnold Israel, geb. am 10.6. 1905 in
Bechhofen/ Mittelfranken,
7. Becker, Ella Sara, geb. Lichtenstein, geb. am
31.7. 1892 in Krotoschin,
8. Bernhard, Frieda Sara, geb. Ottenstein, geb. am
27.4. 1886 in Nürnberg,
9. Bernhard, Georg Ernst Israel, geb. am 28.6.
1911 in Nürnberg,
10. Bing, Ernst Israel, geb. am 2 1 . 2. 1 895 in Frank-
fun am Main,
1 1. Bing, Recha Sara, geb. Grünebaum, geb. am
14.4. 1897 in Frankenthal,
12. Bing, Hans Simon Israel, geb. am 9.9. 1921 in
Frankfurt am Main,
13. Bing, Berti Sara, geb. am 6. 3. 1927 in Frankfurt
am Main,
14. Böhm, Erich Israel, geb. am 8. 12. 1889 in
Brieg/ Schles.,
15. Callmann, Rudolf Israel, geb. am 29. 9. 1 892 in
Köln,
1 6. Callmann, Maria Sara, geb. Hehs, geb. am 1 3. 1 .
1893 in Köln,
17. Callmann, Ellen Gisela Sara, geb. am 12. 9. 1926
in Köln,
18. Eismann, Lina Sara, geb. Strauß, geb. am 2. 1 1 .
1866 in Nürnberg,
19. Engel, Franz Helmut Israel, geb. am 26. 1. 1902
in Berlin,
20. Engel, Johanna Sara, geb. Davidovitsch, geb.
am 24. 2. 1902 in Varna/ Bulgarien,
22. Ephraim, Lotte Sara, geb. Matzdorf, geb. am
20.2. 1902 in Breslau,
23. Ephraim, Hans Emil, geb. am 11.4. 1927 in
Breslau,
24. Fernbach, Bruno Ludwig Israel, geb. am 26. 7.
1879 in Katiowitz,
25. Fernbach, Rosa Sara, geb. Beyer, geb. am 22. 2.
1882 in Krotoschin,
26. Fernbach, Ernst, geb. am 3. 6. 1920 in Breslau,
27 . Feuchtwanger, Jakob L^w Israel, geb. am 5. 2.
1892 in München,
28. Feuchtwanger, Vera Sara, geb. Seehoff, geb. am
15.3. 1905 in Hamburg,
29. Feuchtwanger, Heinz Lothar Israel, geb. am
6. 10. 1926 in München,
30. Feuchtwanger, Franz Israel, geb. am 1 1 . 7. 1 929
in München,
3 1 . Feuchtwanger, Liese Sara, geb. am 26. 10. 1933
in München,
32. Franke!, Bena Sara, geb. Blum, geb. am 28. 3.
1869 in Thorn/ Westpreußen,
33. Frankenfclder, Alfred Israel, geb. am 15. 11.
1888 in Heidingsfeld bei Würzburg,
34. Guckenheimcr, Elsa Sara, geb. Seligmann, geb.
am 7. 8. 1891 in Mainz,
35. Heckscher, Otto Joseph, geb. am 1 1.6. 1886 in
Hamburg,
36. Heckscher, Ellen Sara Nathalie, geb. Gumprich,
geb. am 20.8. 1901 in Hamburg,
37. Heckscher, Susi Sara, geb. am 1.12. 1922 in
Hamburg,
38. Heckscher, Hilde Sara, geb. am 2. 6. 1925 in
Hamburg,
39. Hendler, Max Israel, geb. am 1 . 2. 1 892 in Sta-
nislau,
40. Hendler, Lotii Sara, geb. Kulten, geb. am
27. 12. 1897 in Horodenka/ Polen,
4 1 . Hirsch, Max Israel, geb. am 3. 1 . 1 877 in Berlin,
42. Hochherr» Simon Israel, geb. am 2.3. 1882 in
Bergwangen, Amt Sinsheim,
43. Hochherr, Ella, geb. Lieser, geb. am 19. 1 . 1 886
in Cochem/ Mosel,
44. Hochherr, Lieselotte Hanna Sara, geb. am 19.9.
1920 in Heidelberg,
45. Höchstädter, Hermann Israel, geb. am 25. 10.
1879 in Hürben ~ jeut Krumbach, Lkr.
Krumbach/ Schw.,
46. Höchstädter, Anna Sara, geb. Bach, geb. am
17.3. 1891 in Laupheim/ Württ.,
47. Höchstädter, Waller Jakob Israel, geb. am 1 3. 6.
1914 in Augsburg,
48. Hoffmann, Ernst, geb. am 2. 1 1. 1879 in Berlin,
49. Hofmannsthal, Ignatz Emil Israel, geb. am
30.12. 1884 in Wien,
50. Holdheim, Julius Cun Israel, geb. am 9. 8. 1 888
in Berlin,
Liste 207
52. Holland, Fritz Martin Israel, geb. am 22. 4. 1 897
in Heidelberg,
53. Holland, Frieda Sara, geb. Würzburger, geb.
am 4.2. 1903 in Eberbach,
.54. laffa^ Sally, p;eb. am 15.7. 1879 in Insterburg
(Ostpreußen),
55. Jaffa, Erna, geb. Krojanker, gesch. Michels,
geb. am 5. 12.1883 in Berlin,
56. Ikcnbcrg, Max Moses Israel, geb. am 4. 1 . 1 889
in Kassel,
57. Ikenberg, Martha Sara, geb. Meyer, geb. am
3.9. 1901 in Fraulautern/Saar,
58. Ikenberg, Margrit Sara, geb. am 18.5. 1926 in
Kassel,
59. Ikcnbcrg, Helmut Joachim Israel, geb. am
22.10. 1929 in Kassel,
60. Kahn, Minna Sara, geb. Oppenheim, geb. am
14.6. 1880 in Heiligenstadt (Kr. Eichsfeld),
61. Kalbnann, Hans Kurt Wolfgang Israel, geb. am
9.5. 1885 in Berlin-Charlottenburg,
62. Kalmus, Jakob Israel, geb. am 14. 3. 1899 in
Zloczow/ Polen,
63. Kalmus, Sara, geb. Kanagener, geb. am 10.4.
1901 in Rudnick (Kr. Ratibor),
64. Kary, Walter Israel, geb. am 3. 1 0. 1 884 in Bres-
lau,
65. Kary, Käthe Sara, geb. Tukus, geb. am 7. 1.
1899inOels,
66. Kary, Hans Israel, geb. am 22.7. 1921 in Bres-
lau,
67. Kary, Marianne Sara, geb. am 2.6. 1925 in
Breslau,
68. Klingcr, Julius Erich Israel, geb. am 2 1 . 1 2. 1 904
in Wien,
69. Klingcr, Charlotte Sara, geb. Haftel, geb. am
18.6. 1909 in Lemberg,
70. Kühn, Leo Israel, geb. am 12. 3. 1870 in Ncissc
O.S.,
7 1 . Landau, Erna Sara, geb. am 26.1.1 890 in Cam-
berg (Kr. Limburg/ Lahn),
72. Lcvi, Bruno Israel, geb. am 14. 10. 1886 in
München,
73. Lcvi, Antonie Sara, geb. Drey, verw. Adler, geb.
am 14.12. 1888 in München,
74. Lcvy, Ernst Israel, geb. am 27. 2. 1872 in Wup-
penal-Elberfeld,
75. Lcvy, Martha Sara, geb. Rautenburg, geb. am
30.3. 1878 inBerhn,
76. Lcvy, Hermann Israel, geb. am 17, 3. 1906 in
Essen,
77. Lcvy, Rudolf Ludwig Israel, geb. am 5. 5. 1 908
in Essen,
78. Lcvy, Hans Israel, geb. am 1.8. 1911 in Essen,
79. Lcvy, Eva Sara, geb. am 8.8. 1914 in Essen,
80. Lcwkonja, Hans, geb. am 25. 2. 1 894 in Minden
i.W.,
8 1 . Lcycns, Ludwig, geb. am 6. 9. 1 892 in Erkelenz,
83. Lcycns, Margot, geb. am 16.7. 1923 in Linnich,
84. Lcycns, Anita, geb. am 10. 5. 1926 in Linnich,
85. Löwcnstcln, Norbert Max Israel, geb. am 23. 6
1906 in Berlin,
86. Löwcnstcln, Charlotte Sara, geb. Wollstein,
geb. am 26.1. 1907 in Berlin,
87. Markowicz, Wilhelm Israel, geb. am 1 . 5. 1 866
in Dobrzyca/ Posen,
88. Markowicz, Anna Sara, geb. Rosenthal, geb. am
20.7. 1867inOstrowo,
89. Mcycr, Denny (früher Moritz) Israel, geb. am
12.6. 1877 in Frechen b. Köln,
90. Mcycr, Emanuel Israel, geb. am 6. 8. 1886 in
Berlin,
91. Mcycr, Gretchen Sara, geb. Ullmann, gesch.
Hellmann, geb. am 1 5. 8. 1 887 in Nürnberg,
92. Mohr, Martin Israel, geb. am 7. 1. 1895 in
Nürnberg,
93. Moses, Adolf Abraham Israel, geb. am 27. 8.
1868 inPilehne,
94. Moses, Maria Sara, geb. Tichauer, verw. Cohn,
geb. am 30. 11. 1869 in Königshütte, O.S.,
95. Clip, Johann, geb. am 1. 11. 1901 in Zell-Pfarrc,
Krs. Klagenfurt,
96. Clip, Peter, geb. am 28. 6. 1908 in Zell ob Wai-
disch, Krs, Klagenfurt, "^
97. Pick, Fritz Israel, geb. am 7. 3. 1900 in Stillers-
feld (Krs. Beuthen, O. S.),
98. Pick, SyMus Israel, geb. am 1.5. 1869 in Beu-
then CS., ■
99. Pick, Käthe Sara, geb. Ehrlich, geb. am 2.9.
1870 in Beigard, Pommern,
100. Pick, Max Friedrich Israel, geb. am 28. 4. 1901
in Beuthen, O.S.,
101. Pohl, Oscar Anhur Israel, geb. am 29. 3. 1 884 in
Altona a. d. Elbe,
102. Pohl, Mcu Sara, geb. Leyser, geb. am 18.6.
1889 in Chemnitz,
1 03. Pohl, Bena Margit Sara, geb. am 1 2. 7. 1 9 1 5 in
Chemnitz,
104. Pohl, Rolf Dieter Israel, geb. am 1 1 . 7. 1 9 1 8 in
Chemnitz,
105. Rchfisch, Louis Israel, geb. am 1. 1. 1870inKy-
ritz, Ostpriegnitz,
106. Rchfisch, Bertha Sara, geb. Baruch, geb. am
8.4. 1875 in Hamburg,
107. Rchfisch, Elsbcth Sara, geb. am 23.5. 1901 in
Lüdenscheid,
108. Richter, Werner Emil Arwin August, geb. am
1.7. 1888 in Muskau (Lkr. Rothenburg/
Obcrlausitz),
109. Richter, Martha Helene, geb. Mai, geb. am
27.4. 1899 in Berhn,
110. RoUmann, Justus Israel, geb. am 1 4. 1 1 . 1 898 in
Mühlheim/ M.,
111. RoUmann, Anna Sara, geb. Kraft, geb. am 8. 4.
1911 in Hanau,
••1
A Guide to the Jewish Rockies
^AFPA
COLORADO • MONTANA • WYOMING
A Guide to the' Jewish Rockies
COLORADO • MONTANA • WYOMING
%
A
.<v
by Amy Shapiro
Rocky Mountain Jewish Historical Society
.1151 pu5icij>, üuiions and stickers ' :^J
•> <
•»^
TER
VrSH AFFAIRS began in 1978 as
• Anti-Defamation League to aid
the U.S.S.R. and the Arab coun-
*
' v.i
EDUCAllüN
COMMUNITY KOSHER SERVICE sells fresh kosher meat and frozen
koshcr poultry at wholesale cost plus 5 percent. Orders must be placed in
advance. Deliveries are made free to westside Denver and elsewhere by
arrangement. Otherwise, Orders may be picked up in the Congregation
Rodef Shalom parking lot every third Wednesday .
3234W. Alameda Ave.
Denver 80219
935-0706
Max Lerner, owner
seealso BUTCHERS
KOSHER
»N COUNCIL OF DENVER
EWISH LIFE works primarily to
.*rs ($5 Hfetime fee) sign a State-
ittee will help the family arrange
Ä
^JLW
CONGREGATION
see Congregations
CONGREGATION AARON
Reform, Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 11 famihes, Services
Fridays, Sisterhood. President Bea Sanders (315 Spruce St., Trinidad
Colorado 81082, 846-3193).
304MapleSt.
Trinidad, Colorado 81082
846-2781
see also CONGREGATION AARON CEMETERY
CONGREGATIONS
TRINIDAD
H STUDIES offers a varicty of
j . Classes meet Monday evenings
igh School, 7125 Cherry Creck
ition
A'J
CONGREGATION AARON CEMETERY, containing about 150 Jewish
gravcs, is part of the Masonic Cemetery west of Trinidad, Colorado. Since
the 1880s, it has belonged to Congregation Aaron. For Information:
Bea Sanders, congregation president
315 Spruce St.
Trinidad. Colorado 81082
846-3193
\.
Masonic Cemetery Association
Trinidad, Colorado 81082
846-2723
seealso CEMETERIES
TRINIDAD
rt
45
I 1^
i
Ve— •• ■»*"•
■Mi
m-
See Chabad-Lubavitch of Colorado
Hachnasas Orchim of Agudath Israel
Talmudic Research Institute
See also HICH HOLIDA YS ;
ISRAEL STUDY TOUR
KOSHER MEALS '
PROJECT OUTREACH
bers to form a High Holiday min-
yanby I87I.In 1878, B^nai Bnih
Lodge 293 was chartered wiih 29
members. About 25 families, molt-
ly from Germany, organizcd the
reform Congregation Aaron in 1883
and soon established a cemetery.
In 1887, the members contributed
hcavily to bring in a rabbi and buy
land for a building. Two years later,
Ihe congregation dedicated Temple
Aaron and welcomed Rabbi Leo-
pold Freudenthal, holder of a
doctorate from the University of
Heidelberg. The temple is still in
use. Rabbi Freudenthal served the
congregation until his death in
With the coal boom of the 1920s,
some 250, but soon dwinHUr? tu 1*^^ Z^^^^*^ Population reached
p«. jc,i.el, i„ ,h. „„PI,, „,,, J Td bS" vuh t i'Ä^''*
CoJrado'XS'oS'Sv/,'. ^""'"' *"""• """'" " "" *"'
See also B'NAI B'RITH ll
CONGREGATION AARON
CONGREGATION AARON CEMETERY
HADASSAH
-w:-?-
Temple Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado
- 1
9
1
2
164
/Uos
• y
The NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA
of AMERICAN BIOGRAPH Y
VOLUME FIFTY-ONE
">
4
New York
JAMES T. WHITE & COMPANY
1969
mL-::^^9t7.^k%^
NATIONAL CYCLOPi€DIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY
3^
■ Tff '--»> ' 1
■/'
Louisvilic Tuberculosis Association and chairman in
1947 and 1958 of thc association's annual Christmas
seal drivcs. and he was one of the original membcrs
of the board of the Louisville Park Theatrical Asso-
ciation. He was a member of the Life Insurance
Association of America (pres 1953-54), Chamber of
Commerce of the United States, Louisville Chamber
of Commerce, Phi Beta Kappa, and Phi Gamma
Delta. His religious affiliation was with St. Francis
Episcopal Church, Louisville. In politics he was a
Republican. He had a life-long interest in architec-
ture and designed both his own house and the gen-
eral plan for a building constructed for the life
insurance Company. Reading and gardening were
his other leisure-time interests. He was married
in Knoxville, Tenn., June 23, 1928, to Pauline Cham-
bers, daughter of Joseph Perry Gaut of that place,
a banker, and had two children: Mary Locke, who
married Peter Ronald; and Morton. Morton Boyd
died in Louisville, Ky., Mar. 12, 1963.
JAFFA, Edward Moss, lawyer, was born in San
Francisco, Calif., May 13, 1896, son of Myer
Edward and Adele (Solomons) Jaffa. His father
was a Professor and head of the California State
Bureau of Food and Drugs. Edward M. Jaffa at-
tended the University of California, where he was
graduated B.S. in 1918 and J.D. in 1920. Admitted
to the California bar in 1920, he was subsequently
admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of
the United States. Jaffa began the practice of his
profession in San Francisco in 1920 as an associate
in the office of Leon E. Morris, and in 1929 he be-
came a member of the firm of Morris 6c Jaffa. He
subsequently practiced with the successor firms of
Morris, Jaffa & Sumski during 1932-40 and Jaffa &
Sumski thereafter until his death. Jaffa specialized
in Corporation law, and his firm was concerned prin-
cipally with Corporation, real estate, insurance, and
probate matters. A leader in American Legion af-
fairs for many years, he served at various times as
judge advocate of Berkeley Post 7 and of the
Department of California, as Commander of the lOth
District, and as national parliamentarian. He also
participated in the legion's Philanthropie and
educational activities, and taking a particular in-
terest in advancing its social welfare program, he
was for a long period the chairman of the legion's
education of war orphans committec. During the
First World War he held the rank of sergeant in
the U.S. Army and was stationed in the State of
Washington. Jaffa was a member of the American,
California State, and San Francisco bar associations,
Phi Delta Phi, the Masonic Order (Shriner), and
the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco. His
religious affiliation was with Temple Beth El, Ber-
keley, Calif., which he served as legal counsel '
and as a member of the board of trustees. In
politics he was a Republican. For recreation he
enjoyed playing golf. Jaffa was married in Piedmont,
Calif., Mar. 31, 1931, to Sylvia, daughter of Tobias
Roberts of San Francisco, and had a son, Robert
Edward. Edward M. Jaffa died in Berkeley, Calif.,
Sept. 13, 1965.
McLAUGHLIN, Dean Benjamin, educator and
astronomer, was born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 25,
1901, son of Michael Leo and Celia Elizabeth
(Benjamin) McLaughlin, grandson of Charles and
Margaret (Mcintosh) McLaughlin, and great-grand-
son of Thomas and Honora (Fagan) McLaughlin.
His great-grandfather came to this country from
Ireland about 1820 and settied in McKean, Pa. His
father was a real-estate dealer and a builder. After
receiving his preliminary education at public schools
in Brooklyn, Dean B. McLaughlin was graduated
A.B. in 1923, M.S. in 1924, and Ph.D. in 1927 at
the University of Michigan. Meanwhile, during 1922-
24 he was an assistant in astronomy at that univer-
sity and in the foliowing thrce years was an in
strurtor in mathematics and astronomy at Swarth
more College. In 1927 he joined the faculty of th'
University of Michigan as assistant professor o
astronomy, advancing to associate professor in 193
and professor in 1941, the position he held until th-
dose of his life. McLaughlin's special field of rt
search was stellar spectroscopy, and among his majo
contributions was the detection of the effect of rot;
tion of the components of the eclipsing binary star
He also established characteristics of Variation c
spcctra of Draper class B with bright hydrogen linc
and formulated a physical theory of their behavio
He determined characteristics of spectra of som
semi-regular variable stars and made a spectrur
analysis of Nova Herculis. A recognized authorit
on the planet Mars, he was the first astronomer r
prcsent the theory that the markings on the surfac
of that planet were patterns made by falling vo
canic ash and not canals or irrigation Channels ;
was formerly postulated. A sccondary field of rr
search was the geology of Triassic rocks of the eas
em United States, and he traced individual thin be*
for many miles in Pennsylvania and New Jerse
demonstrating conclusively that the Triassic seri(
was actually about 20,000 feet thick. He also mar
extensive investigations of the rocks of the pr
Cambrian era in Canada. McLaughlin was a membc
of the Swarthmore College expedition which viewt
the total eclipse of the sun in Sumatra in 1926 ar
of a similar expedition of the University of Mic'
igan to Maine in 1932. During the Second Wori
War (1943-45) he was a member of the staff of tl
radiation laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute c
Technology and was involved in research on the d'
velopment and application of radar to navigation an
to amphibious landing Operations. He was guest ir
vestigator at the Mount Wilson, Mount Palomar an
Lick observatories in 1940, 1951, and 1958, all U
cated in California. From 1951 until the dose of h;
life he spent his Summers as cooperating geologi^
for the Pennsylvania Topographie and Geolog
Survey. In 1963 he participated in the Internation.
Symposium on Novae at the Haute Province Oi
servatoire in France. McLaughlin was the author <
a textbook, 'Tntroduction to Astronomy" (1961
and coauthor of a section, *'Triassic Formations :
the Delaware Valley," in "Geological Society <
America Guidebook for Field Trips" (no. 2, 195'
and a chapter, "The Origin of the Earth," in "Str.
tigraphy and Life History" (1965). He contributt
many articles to professional Journals, includir
"The Thickness of the Newark Series in Pennsy
vania and the Age of the Border Conglomerate
(Mich. Acad. Sei. Papers, 1932), "A Suggested Co
relation of Triassic Areas of the Eastern Unit«
States" (Pa. Acad. Sei. Proc, 1950), "Interpretatir
of Some Martian Features" (Astron. Soc. of tl
Pacific, 1954), "New Interpretation of the Surface
Mars" (Sei. Monthly, 1956), "Mesozoie Rocks" (P
Topog. Sc Geol. Surw, 4th ser.. Bull. C9, 1959
anci "Some Features of the Triassic North Bord
in Pennsylvania" (Pa. Acad. Sei. Proc., 1961). M
Laughlin was a fellow of the American Associatic
for the Advancement of Science and the Geologie.
Society of America and a member of the America
Astronomical Society, International Astronomie
Union, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Michig.
Aeademy of Science, Arts and Letters, Michig.
Geological Society, Pennsylvania Aeademy of Scienc
Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Sigma Gamma Epsilo
and the Scabbard and Blade. His religious affiliatic
was with the Methodist church. Politically he w.
an independent. He enjoyed hiking, rifle and pist-
shooting, and making geologic field trips. He w:
married in Glenside, Pa., Dec. 27, 1927, to Lau:
Elizabeth, daughter of James Eli Hill of Rieh Hil
-^
THE NATIONAL CYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOCÄAPHY
\
.■w
■:m,u; •■ f
■'^^v':'^'
I
THE JAFFA FAMILY (OF BAUMBACH AND HEINEBACH (HESSEN-KASSEL), CDLOR.^DO AND NEW MEXICO
I
NAPHTALI
in Baumbach
11
MEIR HAHN OD JATTEL HIRSCH
in Rhina
BENJAMIN JAFFA GD SARA (bat) NAPHTALI
bo 1769 (?) Baumbach b. 1765 Baumbach
Cantor in Heinebach d, 25 Sept 1849 Heinebach
^ ^ ^ ,
ir
MEIER mHN OD JATTEL HIRSCH
in Rhina
ZIPPORA
b. 1792/93 Heinebach
d. 30 Apr 1850 Heinebach
OD JOSEPH SPIEGEL
ARON JAFFA CD ".
Cantor and Teacher 16 Nov
in Heinebach 1836 in H
bo 7 Aug 1800 Heinebach
d« before 1884 Heinebach
ELLE HAHN
b. 1810 Rhina
d. before 18 79
Heinebach
r
SAMUEL
JAFFA ■
1842-1909
OD AMELIA
ELLA, b.l879
HENRY
NAPHTALI
JAFFA
1844-
OD • ':..
BESSIE. :
L
SOL H.
JAFFA
1849-
1941
GD LEONORE
GOLDSCHMIDT
_J
1
ABRAHAM
NATHAN
(in Heine -
bach)
T
:n
BENJAMIN
JAFFA
r
ELLEN ARTH
1882 1884-
:uR
JAFFA
SARA
OD HENRY
GOLDS MIT H
( in PennsylvaTiia)
had 18 children
1 J 1
EDGAR BENJA-
JAFFA MIN
, 1892- JAFFA
1878
Samuel Jaffa: Mayor of Trinidad, Colorado 1876-1880
Henry (N.)Jaffa, Mayor of Albuquerque , New Mexico 1885-1895
(Abraham) Nathan Jaffa, Mayor of Roswell, New Mexico,
April-Dec, 1903, later Secretary of State of N^M*
son JAFFA
MINNA
CJD
SOMMER of Heine-
bach
JULIE OD
JAMES HEILBRUNN
b, Heinebach
d. New York City
BENJAMIN JAFFA
(LakeWorth, Florida,
deceased)
. s
Aüj.^/^S»,?
John Henry Richter
P,0. Box 7978
Ann Arbor, hl 48107
18 hay 1988
Dear John Henry:
Please -forgive my tardy response to your 1 etter o-f March 11,
but as usual , much has intervened. My 84 year ol d mother
requires a great deal o-f care and has had a 3rd surgery (2
hips last Fall), meaning I do it all as my brother hides out
in Europe. I have also started to edit the newsl etter,
MORASHA for the JGSI and that takes up time as well as
organizing much o-f their library. O-f course, my private
practice o-f psychotherapy has had to take a back seat !
I too had ord
my reading of
much as you d
of MANSBACHs
AUBE S< Rh i 1 1 1
Adol ph 8< Fann
was Ol d news
I got excited
GÜLDSCHhIDTs
ered the Kassel -films -from the LOS, but because
German is limited, I'm sure I didn't 1 earn as
id. I could -find NO JAFFAs , but lots and lots
(Simon Z< Miriam Blankenstein Mansbach ; August
pine MANSBACH, Ephaim ?/. Sarah SIMON MANSBACH,
ie ROMBERG MANNSBACH, etc.). Perhaps all this
to you, but when I couldn't -find my own family,
about -finding yours ! I did find some
who may be relatives of the PA bunch .
heanwhile, no other new JAFFA research results, so I have
gone on to other branches, particularly in PA in hopes of
makmg some connections later. I'm very grateful to you for
all you did and the material you sent me . The pictures I
sent YOU were of SAM JAFFA's family...you said his was the
branch you were searching so I thought that 's what you
wanted...the others were Just to f 1 esh it out a little, but
if you don't want them, please return them.
I know my great-great-grandmother , ROSA JAFFA OPPENHEIM of
Bebra on the Fulda river was a cousin of this first
generation group in Trinidad, but know only that her father
was Ben j . JAFFA (one of multitudes to follow) so her father
was probably Aaron ' s ol der brother ( she was married in
1849) .
I have since read Postal 's other vol s on Jews in America,
but there's nothing much new there. I also read the
microfilm of Congregation Aaron , but that too is what you
had already toi d me . One of our twins (they both graduate
next week...I shal 1 be driving to Interlochen for Amy's
ceremony) is hoping to go to the Univ. of Denver, and it is
there that I will one day read more as that is the
repository for the material on ALL the Rocky Mt . Jewish
Community .
I'm looking -forward to copies o-f the JAFFA mayors when you
have time to copy them ior me...thank you, smal 1 pix are
i ine .
Where did you find out that Sam's wi-fe AMELIA was a JAFFA by
maiden name? I never saw that anywhere.
I will write to Richard and Patricia this summer , but you
only gave me R's address.
I knew Klaus Ol 1 endor-f -f 's -first wi-fe, Luci
were both in grad school at the U o-f Chi .
their son (I taught 3rd and 4th grade at t
there) , but do not know his 2nd wife. Luc
major influence on the cul tural 1 i-fe here
manager of Music o-f the Baroque . . .her trag
a keen 1 oss to all of us . Ed and Judy N.
Scott Ave. 2 blocks from here in my cousin
house (before 1976) .. .we wanted to buy it
from Cal if . , but they had al ready sol d and
City. (This paragraph is entitled: Smal 1
1 1 e wel 1 when we
in 1957, and also
he Lab . Schi .
il 1 e was such a
as Founder and
ic death has been
used to 1 ive on
Marion Simon 's
when we moved back
moved into the
World)
So thanks again for all your help with the research . . .when Z<
if either of us turns up something, we shal 1 certainly be in
touch . Meanwhile, have a good summer .. .sorry not to see you
at the Wash . Seminar, but one of our kids will have surgery
then . Maybe in 2 years in L.A.?
Sincerel y ,
T)6^crßM
Dorothy Nesbitt
V>!).
Lii^ijuiii.
February 22, 1988
Dear lAra, Nesbltt:
a bunch of refer««««« to^tK T « T ^^ ^^^ "^'^ ^^ °^ Michigan) where I copied
I d«rTrf«H t^/!?f u I*"® ^*'^* ^'°*^®" ^"** *° Trinidad (see enclosed) - whlfh
I declded to add to what I already had plled up for shipment In your dlrecUor. I
stopped at the post offlce and found vour bia inttAr t* , Tni Jli^ airecuon - I
But I shall check my materlal for answers to your questtaons
from your collectlon oJ'^t'ar '°"'^ '"''''°"' ""'"' ''°" "'*^'* "* ='^^ ^° ^"»-«^
1) Who v.as Adele !^olomons Ja.^fa , whosa nlce plcture Is tn Rochlln's Pioneer Tev;s?
If you happen to knou-, let me knorv. if not. I v411 v-ltc to thA^\^y.xL\,
VnfwT.. ^5'™'*" ^^'^ ■ undoubtedly » family me^ber - posslbly the
31 Wh« ,^ ofA*ron Jaffa, the faiher of all the boys. Wonder who he i,.
3 What was the maidenname of AMELIA, the .vife of Samuel Jaffa ?
4) What was the maldenname of EtlA JAFFA, the trffe of Aron'
I can ans.ver some of your quesöona regardlng the faitUly of Aron Jaffa «rtfh
la f,'"T''' senealoglcal table whlch .hows all the «mos I fo-.nd äo\r° S^ ArS^
cour. e named for the Aron who was the aon of the earüest Jaffa known urtto ikm»
Benjartn. Most of .Ms Jitfornation oa.e out of the letter v,MchX(late) Be^tä^lrin
Vlut:Zt^. ''^:tlT. Z:r "' "" --•'--"«-'—er, was L\ re^'r "
Jaffa, wore L^^i'^a'^d'^^tS:' ''°""' °°"'""*'' ""' """^ °- *' •"'=^"'' "' ''«•
Thanks for the Censua records. I had onlv a fev; s\nnt> t /*or,«f «»«* ♦« ^-
the fardUeö of all those Jaffa Ixothers and sistcrs (2) of^'m! ^'" ' """"' *^ "^^^^
work AiVSf ^'^^^^ ^°7 ''^^*' *° ^"^"^^ "^ *^'" ancestry, but there Is no need for the
work. ALL of my ancestors, Includlng ,»y parents. Uved and dled In Europe and I teve
ance'Z t' «r^r" "^ *"'' "^''"^^ ^^^"^»^ ^^« »« ^reatgreatgrand^r^nts All^^
?625 f^'cim«f io'i^'' ^''' '^u^^"^ ^^*^ *° "»^"^ »740-50, with one Une back o
LI * * T ^* f *" ' ''"'^r "'°'* *^" «"y°»« «Ise» I also traced most of those relat-les
eaLr°^ Th'e'^it^rd r ^ .'f ^Z ^''"^^^^' ^° ^ "^^^ ^ records ofAll^rtcrnsou" es
of min; H«^««H^ iS^ -.^^^J'^ !*" ^°'*^ ^^'*' California) is the son of a fourth cousln
of mlne, descends from Bernhard Nelsser (Watertown and Mllwaukee, Wis.) who'vas one
Int!!" VI'I'^I''^ '"^ greatgreatgrandfether Salomon Nelsser (Silesla). Rlcterris v^rt
he^nowsVio %Tr*^' l"^ ^'^^ ^'^^^ °^ ^« ^«^^« -" « blJ;,;X. PersS^lly
researcn if it is for a related famlly, otherwlse, NO.
fc»'
-2-
However, in the past forty y«ar8 I have done a great deal of research on a numbw of
famiues (InterMt is In ancestors, not In descendants), so I probably can answer some
Of your questions from my own large coUection of data (whlch wlU eventuaUy be housed
in thc «rchlves of the Leo Baeck Institute in New York),
I have heard of the books about the Jews of Kassel (I have Rosenzweig's an-
cestry «moncT others) but I will certainly not buy the book - however, I will lean on
my colleagues In theAcquisitions Department of the U Ubcary to buy it, since I am
one of several active Consultants on new material which will enrich our huge coUection
of Judaica, Includlng of course hlstories of fewlsh communittes,
a ♦. 1, ^^''J ''"°^* " *® ^°^ ""^^ ^^"*** *^*^"** ^* counter in the foto from the AJAI
Actually, T hoped It might be Samuel, since that wolüd add to thefamlly history of Sam.
«ncestor of my dü^tant cousin. However, I also located the page with the Jewish mayors,
in Woneer Jews, so now he will get copies (enlarged) of the portraits of Sam, Henry and
Nathan. Good catch. my onu
OPPENHEIM, fjitere?«ng but out of my territory. Yes, I would appreciate any pictureo of
Sam raffe s famlly, sinne Rlchard's mother, now very interested in new material. has
no fotos of anyhoH1^ Ho'vever, I ad have the portraits of Meyer, Ameüd and Ida copied
from tbose original prints at the AJA. wjp«a
Interefctlng to me Is your remark about Western Pennsylvania. Because Wisconsin and
Ohio Tvere slmilar states attracting larae number of Jews from Central and Weatern
Germany in the second half of the 19th Century. I found eight famiUes Billstein in the
Ohio Census of 1880 — all from Hessen and«RliaK^of them related to each other! !
There could not have been left many Jews at all back in Hessen, they came by the
thousands. (
Yes, Intermanriage was a social custom; Jews rarely went to big towns to pick a wife,
especially not Mnce the feimily would not know that of the future wife. It was safer, and
ßnandally more prudent to maixy either a relative from nearby er eise someone from a
famlly In the same town who was known to be respectable (preferably with lots of money)
My study of the Appleton familles from Gemuenden (Rhineland) shows such inter-family
relatlons going through flve generations (both before and after people emigrated and came
here. It is not at all unusual, and I am sure some other of those relatives in and around
Pitts burgh followed the populär custom of marrying into a fanüly your know,
No, I have not corresponded with U of Dennsr since I don't want to gather more material
on Jaffas other than Sam, who apparently was not involved with the ü of Denver or with
New We-^co. But I am sure you would need whatever they may have that could add to
the data already at band about those brothers who were active in civic and State politics.
A history of the famous Jewlsh Hospital in Denver would also help, since Henry Jaffa
helped to found It (or was It Sol ?) .
I Mdll keep "J^ffa" on my search Ust, anyhow, as you see, I found a lot without half
looklng. Some of the «aterial enclosed will no doubt duplicate what you already heve,
I dld not 'vant to gort it all out, and perhaps you can use the reproducttons of the source
pages anyhow.
BEBRA is not on mylllst, since I have nobody in my crowd of relatives who ever lived there
Alas, I have no addresses of any Uvlog Jaffa. But If you know where he Uves, you can
get the address « via a city dfrectory, or - why not call Mama Bell? you could always
got a telephone number (unless it is unUsted) if you can give a flrst name and last name.
TO YOUR OUESTIONS:
I
8
12
13
15
The parents' names were ARQN and ELLA JAFFA (not Jaffe or Jafee or Jaffe«)
UnUl wa know about earllar Jaffas (parents of Benjamin, etc.) we cannot
assttm.3 that the family descended from that great rabhl Mordechal who wrote
hls name Jaffe (actuaUy, In Hebrew It Is wrltten Jafe, and as auch tt Is very
firequQKJt name among East European Jews, but hardly found in Central and West
or Gouth Germeny. The name wes orlglnally a wonran's name (Jafti nnd Jaffe
« b«ä.autl!ul In Hebrew) which indicates that the ©artest anceotor named Jafe
c* Jaffe \vo8 the mother of the man v/ho took hls Okother's nniue as his family
narae •
No, I know notfitec} about Robert 's de^cendants. Hellbrunn Is o terribly
froque^nt family nane among people whojüe imcestors may well have been
Uving in tlie to-z^n flrom v^henoe the nan© comes: Hellbronn. One is wise not
to asoume that all Oppenheims, «r Frankfurters or Heilbrunns (Heilprin,
Hellärop, or HGJlbroriner)are hranches of one and thr sam© family.
I should hope ll-.at Beck's ccr.tormlel hlstory has something atout the Jewlsh
ceiiietai-ies, but h<v/e nol looked for it, sine« the persona Interesting to me
where not b-urled in the V/e^Jt (those \v ho dled in Trinidad are apparanUy burled
in a coinetery the congi-ejatlon starled tl»re.
Aa Aot^d before, MORDECAI pFFE of Prague who died in Posen City (Poznan)
in 1512 cüunot be assuined to have boen the JrifS^/lnffo ancestor. There aret
tona of Jüfio people almost t^ery where now, but It vvould be o tough sltustton
If you vvanted to trace them all.
However, I s hall look at IvTY notea on Morde>;Ual Jaffe, /:«cau5(5 he Is
tlie proven ancfstor of at least one o2 my in-law relatlvet», and I will see
whether any of that branch ever got close to Kaancl. Not that it is irapossible,
the descendants of the ^ood rabbi count in triG tliOüs-ands.
One oaght to be a::ie to find out mcaro about HYIvtAK COHEU^ Mllvaukee is ©
goldnüne for genealogistü (so iü Madison) I«caui?e it; WlcHJcnslti they never
dlscarded any piece of paper with e nama on it. I will be in Milvvaukee
in ;\pril, and will put Hyman Cohen on mylliat, so If I find somf tliiag, you
will certainly Und it in your rnail box,
A»erlcan Je-.vish Yearbook (see encJosures) I will oopy the informatlon in
vol. 3 if v^ have it here (our set is a blt incomplete in the early yearsi
Otiien/lse I v.ill bring it baoicürom Washinoton DO, where they hc<»/e a copi—
plete set. Vol. 1 has a completa Ust of Jewish con.jregations in the U.S.
so I wüi check Trinidad, toc, and copy it. li. vol. 8 there is a nota thnt
in 1300 Meyer Manabach w^as the director o: the Jewish scbool of Trinidad.
(since he left In 1912, he was not the director for more than 3 or 4 years).
Llbo: I know him, met hlm in New York some years ayo. Hls books are Indeed
cxcellent. So is P.oohUn: Pioneer Jews - all about the flrst Immigrant f&milles
West of the Mississippi and East of the Pacific. Ivioatiy pictures, loo.
Eberhard, Pennsylvania no longer exists as a town, It is now part of greater
Plttsburgh. I think the name of the Jaffa who was bom there in 1872 is
on the inventorj' of infdrmaUon from the AJA, and I will check the 1880 census
(also the one of 1870) to see who eise lived there at the tlme.
A
B
1
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Coples
JAFFA DOCUMENTS sent to Mrs . D orothy Nesbitt
Feb. 2 2, 1988
Letter from Benjamin Jaffa to Gilbert Sanders, 1978
Letter from JHR to Benjamin Jaffa (1987)
Marriage Certificate Meyer Mansbach + Ida Jaffe IDA JAFFA
Membership of Mayer Mansbach in Trinidad Lodge 293, lOBB
Jaffa -Mansbach Notes from the Jaffa collectlon at AJA
US Census records on Jaffa in Colorado 1880,1900,
References to the Jaffa family in Mountain West Pioneer Jewry JAFFA
Trinidad in American Jewish Yearbook (v.l and 9.)
Pamphlet on Trinidad wlth fotos
Trinidad in Postal; A Jewish Tourisfs Guide to the U.S. (1954)
"A Synagogue for Trinidad (WSJHQ 11:1, 1978, pp. 18—20,
Universal Jewish Encyclopedia: HENRY JAFFA, NATHAN JAFFA
American Jewish Yearbook v, 1907-08 SQL H. JAFFA
Hening, editor: George Curry NATHAN JAFFA
Twltchell: The leading facts of New
Mexican Hisstory (1912) v.2 NATHAN FAFFA
New Mexico Historical Review v.20 NATHAN JAFFA obit
V. 35 HENRY JAFFA, NATHAN JAFFA
, V. 38 JAFFA & PRAGER
, V. 19 NATHAN JAFFA
Larson, Robert W, :New Mexico's
quest for statehood (1846-1912) NATHAN JAFFA
Enc. Judaica (19 71) v. 9 HENRY JAFFA, NATHAN JAFFA
Uchill: Pioneers, peddlers and Tsadikim JAFFA
not sent:
de Beck Centennial History of the Jews in Colorado JAFFA
Pioneer Jews references to JAFFA (ADELE SOLOMONS JAFFA,
HENRY JAFFA, NATHAN JAFFA, SAMUEL JAFFA
P.S.
The Census forms you used forgot to ahow a column for the llnes (50) per
{>age)!
In the 1 880 Census« Sol and Leonora are on p . 25, llnes 25 and 26
Sam Ja fii and famlly on llnes 44-it.
Nathan Jaffe (a brother. not a nephew) on p.26,llne 1
(If nephew, whose son was he?)
Funny: on the Census form for 1900, the same column Is mlsslng, But It is very
useful to know on whlch llnes the persons are llsted!
ARON JAFFA OD ELLA
d. before 1884 d. before 1879
In Heine bach (?)
[
T
SAMUEL JAFFA
b. Apr 1842
Heinebach
d. 1909, Trinidad
I
I
CD AMELIA
b.June 1846
d. 1921 Trinidad
I
j
BERNHARD (7^^-
NEISSER |/7g
(Watertown +
Milv/aukee,
Wisconsin)
MEYER MANSBAC
b.
M»
IDA
June 1861 b. Jan, 1876 ^rtv^d-Kl
(married 21 Jan. 189 8)
J
T
I
ARTHUAIVpn MANSBACH OD (1) GERTPUDE
Nov. 1896 HELLER
(of Milwaukee) I
1 ^
PATRICIA OD
1928, Detroit
CARL NEISSER
12 July 1926 Milwaukee
r
j
RICHARD
NEISSER
KENNETH ANDREW
NEISSER NEISSER
8 July 1951 29 May 1953 20 Feb 1957
Los Angelenll (LoiiAüfeles Costa Mesa
CA CA CA
SALOMON \fCS
NEISSER 1?/-^
(Oranienburg
near Berlin,
Germany)
JOHN HENRY
RICHTER
1919 Vlenna
(Austria)
11 Pebruary 198B
John Henry Richt€?r
P.O, Box 7978
Ann fsröar^ MI 48107
Dear John :
What a thrlll to r€?c€?ive your letter and then Bpeak to
you in p€?rson today ! I feej as thoagh anct^fer one of my
great f ami ly mysteries is about to be at least partially
solved. 1 nriust teil ycu that my 8A yeat- oid mother is the»
product ot a iTiost Vxctorian home whi-^re chiidren didn't ask
too many questions. On top ot that, she's not particalarly
inter€?sted in all this (despite the into I'm digging out re-
gardmg the father she never knew), bat my quizzing has paid
oft üjith some leads. As asual, i dio not have the intf?rest
in the subject that 1 do noiu, and r.onsequent ly the most
kncuiledgabie people e^rc^ no longer ?iiith us. Hou^fefver, I öo
have my grandmother 's old Family Album t^ith Photos ot Fiiany
ot the JAFFAS and their relatives.
1 hAve checked the 1870, 189ö, 1900, & 1910 Censuses Ä
have come ap uiith some useful mf ormat ion (sse ©nclosures).
riy great-great grandmother , ROSA JAFFA, rnarried
BENJAniN OPPEIMHEin trom Bebra, Bavaria. They haö 4 chii dren
that i know ot, one ot whom ijias LEr^lA who rrtamed ABRAHAM
LEW ot ASCHAFFENBERG. These luere my mother's rnaternal
grandparents uiith whom she lived until h&r inamage-
Apparently, the JAFFA brothers ot CO St NM uiere Rosa 's
brothers (could^be cousinsM Lena UPPENHEIM LEW'?:; sister
Rachel (Tante Ruckchen. «. phonetic feerman, torgive mel)
iT#arried Max PARR and 1 1 ved in Chicago. I'heir daughter ROSE
fFiarried h^r cousin Höfr^V JAFFA.
I am entering my genealogy material mto a large
cnrnpute-r program <'*Family Ruots'*)f but don ' t yet t-iei^^B an
ancestor there tor the JAFFA branch so 1 can't pr int out a
Ijnked descenöants' Chart tor you ^\s 1 can tijith some
branches- For this reatson, I sriall enciose some Charts and
some copies ot census material tor Starters, and then send
copies Dt the tamily pnotos m a teui weeks »uhen Frank (my
husband; has a Chance to copy them- I un 1 1 also send you my.
tamily group it you are mterested. . . I tor one uiant all
col lateral intormiation X can get, as I have discovered that .^ \[
Uli th the amount ot i nter-marr i age? the closeness ot touins, '^' ^'^^^ 4^tiMJ
and the relativeiy smal 1 number ot Jews extant 200 or 300^ l fJJil^ l")0O
years ago, there may be more connections than u>e ever
dreamed existed.
Western PA appears to have been a "bot bed" ot Jeuiish
settU?ment in the^ m\d-t800s, particuiarly tor German Jeuis,
bat noT. €?:<clasively, as my LEVINSON/KOBACKFR relatives uiere
there too, and THEV haiied from the KOVNO area !
The touins of particuiar intere!:^
are :(-tREENSBUNG (wh€?re rviy mother and
1VÜ3>; (ONMtLLSVlLLE (many relatives
PLtASANT; & SHAROIV. The GOLDSCHMIDT
to have changed their name to GOl.DSM
their eav-ly n»emüers, riAKQÜlS, thottgh
in MD- l'm trying to find out more,
Baltimore. I t^BVB several Photos of
LEW LEVINSON uiith her GOLDbMl fH cou
P>->.ot- to Y^Br marriage in 1902.
t tG me there
her tu>in uiere borr) in
>; UNIONTOUN7 f^t.
s in your not es Apff^t\r
ITH in Alfter ica, One of
born in Sermany lived
though it probabiy luas
my grandmotheri JULIA
sms in CONNLLLSVILLE
Rather than rambie on and on at this pointv I snall
stop here Ana gather the other Information she^ts I
nientioned in order to get some of thi5 off tc you. As you
make connections or thmk of other tidbits or questions,
Please let me knoüi. Much of this ramiiys life in the U.B.
appears to have connected 1^1 th Chicago, and I am findmg
numeous records. 1 iook forward to uour data fron» the
Trinidad library ano from AviA. Have you corresponded with
the ii brary at the U. of Denver which hAs^ a special Jewish
Uestern coliection? i shail uir ite to B. Jaffa in FLA < there
IS at least one Benj. in every generation), and woaid
appreci^tte names anö addresses of any other descendants or
people with knowledge of these tamüies that yoti may know
of.
Ihank you again for your rapid, füll, and mteresting
response to my query»
Incidental ly , tti& gentleman researrrhing the tou^n of
BEBRA, Bavaria and the name GOLDStHMIDT 15:
Dr. ivan A. Wolf^
124 Weldy Ave,
Oreiand, PA 19075
His yranömother (paternal) uas t)orn in Bebra, a GOLDSCHMIDT.
Sincereiy ,
Dorötr»y Drucker Nesbitt
1492 Edgewood Lane
Uinnetka> iL 6ÜÜ93
mach ine >
312/441-50Ö4
or
^4 1-9369 (with ansii*er.\ng
February 9, 1988
Miss Dorothy Nesbitt
1492 Edgewood Lane
WINBiraCA, ILLINOIS 60093
Dear Miss Nesbitt:
I was Just scanning the search coiumns of SEARCH (v,7,no.4,
Winter 1987, v;hlch arrived this very morning)and saw your request for infonmatlon
about the JAFFA famlly of Trinidad, Colorado. I thlnk I can help you, and per-
haps you can help me, too.
Last year I dlscovered that one of my many cousins is a dtrect
descendant of this famlly. Being curtous as to Just what I might discover about
that famlly, whlch was a mong the communal leaders In Trinidad, and starUng
out with Zero Information (I only had soeae names of an in-law branch) I found
a lot of informaüon. The Trinidad Public Library sent «ne Wographlcal Information
and, by clever means of Invesügatlon a la Sherlock Holmes, I found that a rela-
tively small amount of documentaUon was at the American Archives, glven to It
by one of the Jaffa descendants a good many years ago. The reason thtMBBllecüon
came to AJA Is very simple: Dr. Marcus Rader, at 90 sttll the hardworJdng director
of AJA, was a vislting rabbl in Trinidad in the 1930s, and thus knew the Jaffas then
sUll around, There is a snwll burial record with some blographlcal data for Jaffas
and some other famlUes, and a record of membershlp payments by the congregants of
the temple (largely the result of Jaffa efforts. Also some InteresUng photographs.
The Census records of 1880 and 1900 were also useful, as was a note
that one of the Jaffas of the flrst Amerlcan-bom generation had been born in Eberhard,
Pennsylvania. SJnce the Jaffas cane from Pennsylvarte to Colorado, I will this Spring
go to Pittsburgh, where I can consult the Pennsylvania census records to see what I
can find. Possibly, nobody was left In Eberhard by 1880, bat it Is worth a try.
The total Information I have may be more (or less) than what you know
already. If, as you now leam, they came from Kassel In the 1860s, they would
surely show up in the Census of 1870. That will help a 11 tue, even though the Inform-
ation in the 1880 and 1900 censuses is more pelntyful.
The Genealogical Society of Utah ha s the records for the Gas sei (later
Kassel) Jewlsh Community (1808-67 for blrth and deaths, and 1808-87 -only- for
marriages, Too bad, because the marrlage records are more informlng than the others.
Hoplng there will not be too many Jaffas, we can then sort out the ones we want to
know about, I will order the two reels on Tuesday, and should have them here
by the end of March, It usually takes slx weeks between order and dellvery. I can
keep the coples for slx months, cnough ttme to find out all there is, Stare I am
also interested in the Ehrenberg and Rosenzweig feimllles of Kessel, I can check them
out at the same time«
-2-
Accordlng to the informatton presently In my flies, thls Is the genealoyy whlch
emerged from the records in Trinidad and the materlal in Clncinnati (AJA):
BENJAMIN JAFFA
bom 1769 in Heinebach *
SOLH,
JAFFA
;f
I
ARON JAFFE
l
SAMUEL
JAFFA
CD
HENRY
NAPHTALI
JÄFFl
T
OD 1836 ELIA
f
SARA
CS)
I
OD LEONORA
GOLDSCHMIDT
AMEUA
I
• • •
NATHAN
JAFFA
I
I
ARTHUR OD ELEONORE
JAFFA JAFFA
1
GOLDSCHMIDT
(in I^nnsylvania)
(brother? of
Leonora G«)
l
1
\
OD MEYER
MANSBACH
I
EDGAR
JAFFA
T
— I
BENJAMIN
JAFFA
Un Germany)
ELLA JAFFA
OD STRAUSS
T
MINNA
OD
SOMr,^R
**
ROBERT (son)
JAFFA JAFFA ^WrV-
(£1 Paso) (in
Taiwan!)
ARTHUR
MANSBACH
(rny cousirfs
grandfather)
NATHAN
STRAUSS
(Sara sota,
Fla.)
I
BENJAMIN
JAFFA
(LakeWorth,
Fla.)
I
JULIA (d.l974)
OD ^'\^/IES
HEILBRUNN of
Heinebach
(N .Y. City)
* GSU has Heinebach records only for 1809-10) only a few
** listed NOT in chrono logical order, I have ««iifclrth years or other data (yet)
*** Edgar was 86 years old in 1977. ..
I have copies of some obituaries and historlcal notes on Trinidad, etc. Let me know
v/hat interests you and I will gladly send you xerox copies, no trouble or expense.
JAFFA MATERIAL (sent June 13.1988)
1
6
8
10
from Rochltn, F?rriet and Fred: Pioneer Jevs. Boston, 1984:
fotos of HENRY, NATION and SAMIIEI JAFFA
from ARIZONA AND THE WE.?T v. 7, no.l, Ppring 1960
isbout TWnldad. Colorado
The Amerlc?n Jewish Year Book 5 561 (1900) JSreferences to JAFFA
and MANSBACH
Allen duPont Brerk: Tb.« Certcrn'.al Hlstcry <f the Jews of Colorado: 1859-1959
References to Jaffa and Mhnsbach
Simmons, Marc: Albuquerque, Albucjuerque: HENRY JAFFArsferences
NS\A' MEXICO HISTORICAL REVIE^V 35 093^') pp. 129138,14114
Refer'inces to HENRY N, ]AFFA
38 (19Ggj Reforences to JAFFA & PRAGER, pp. 56,58
V. 19 (19<4) Refcrerces to NATHAN JAFFA
American Jewish Year Book 5669 (1908-09) p.l49 Ref to ?IATHAN JAFFA
Ralph Emerson Twltchell: The Leading facts of New Mexlcen Hlstory,
CedarRapids, Iowa, 1912. p.557
Reference to NATHAN JAFFA
'^
JAFFA - MANSBACH
Notes from the records of the Trinidad Jewlsh Community
(Temple Aaron) in the American Jewish Archives, Clncinnati,
The notes are arranged in the order in which the cited documents were studied.
^ CoXnv''''''^^, ^.^'^^'' ' """" '''' Advertisement of THE JAFFA MERCANITLE
OOMPANY, clothmg, carpets,etc, also hats
Ohio
II
III
IV
V
VI
vn
(no date) Ad by A. MANSBACH & CO. , comer Main and Convent Street (special salj
of carpets, shoes. (on the day after the death of Jefferson Davis!)
* •
Inqpp t^pTa ^'^"^' f °^y °f the inauguration of CONGREGATTON AARON temple,
JUbhl- JAFFA^ President.
Dec. 7,1889 A. MANSBACH & CO: "We lead, but never follow: Cur stock of
n^rr.f'.M "'i'? °f '^^ ^^'' ^"^ choiclest pattems ever shown in the southern
part of this State. "
THE ENTERPRISE, 6 June 1878: MANSBACH & MAY, Boot and ShoeMakers,
"All werk promptly and neatly executed. Repairing done in
süperb style. Those desiring a NEAT Job - a substantial one,
can have the same executed in workmanlike manner by leaving
their Orders with us at cur shop on Commercial Street, in the
house formerly occupied by H.L. Preason. "
JAFFA FAMILY FOTOS: include a negative of a portrait of SALOMON ELCHANAN
JAFFA (JAFA), ,. .iKQTthe grandfather of the Jaffa brothers)
also a fading portrait foto which includes grandmother Jaffa
and Meyer Mansbach and his wife Ida (Jaffa) with children.
(a negative and a prlnt has been ordered). Date 7/189 7 .
also:Two very good portraits of the young Mansbach couple, 5x7 positives.
Notes from the termpaper by William D. Rudolph, written Munter 1967
(AJA Box 1375), title: TRINIDAD, COLORADO: A SMALL WESTERN JEWISH COM-
MUNITY.
p.l Community started 3 March 1878 with the founding of the B'NAI B'RITH
Lodge 293 (29 Jewish males, mostly merchants, incl. SAM
JAFFA and HENRY JAFFA, Sam becoming its first President
CONGREGATION AARON founded 29 July 1893.
SAM AND SÖL H. JAFFA owned the Opera Hall*, which was the first place
in which Jewish Services were held.
Ladies Aid Society of Trinidad was founded 22 June 1889, MRS. (IDA) MEYER
MANSBACH the first President.
Synagogue was dedicated Dec. 1889
Young Hebrew Library Society founded 1889
The best years of the Congregation were 1890-1893, . .
JOSEF JAFFA President of the Montefiore Literary Society, founded 1894
By 1911 there were about 200 Jews living in Trinidad.
p.2
p.3
p.S
p.6
P.7
p.9
p.lO
p.15
JAFFA-MANSBACH -2-
vin
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
Marrlage Cerüflcate Meyer and Ida (Jaffa) Mansbach 6 Jan 1896 (6 Shewat 5656)
In Trinidad. (copled)
A receipt for $ 25.00 from B(erthold) Mansbach, dated April 1, 1908, for Henry
Isaac's property Block # 116 cemetery. signed by M.J. Goldsmil
CEMETERY RECORDS:
p.84, block 157
p.85, block 158
block 158
block 157
block 158
SAM JAFFA, 25 Apr 1842 Hei nebach,Germany,d. Trinidad 4 May
1909.
ELEONORA JAFFA, daughter of Jacob and Fannie GOLDSMITH,
16 Feb 1860 Washington, Pennsylvania, married 14 Mar 1880 '
d. 22 Feb 1911.
a Süllborn child of Arthur Jaffa, bunied June 14, 1916
AMELIA JAFFA, b. 13 June 1845, d. 6 Aug 19 21.
HELEN JAFFA MINTON, 4 Apr 1881 - 15 May 1915
*
Membership list of the TRINIDAD LODGE (1883-) p.l78: '
no. 13 SAM JAFFA
"°- 14 H.A. JAFFA (Henry Jaffa)
no. 15 SOL H. JAFFA
^^' 19 ABE MANSBACH ("suspended")
"o- 20 BERTHOLD MANSBACH ("suspended")
P.115: "-BLACKLIST" (tall record book of the Lodge) ("Sept. 1878" only date in it)
mcludes WOLF SEGAL, Nebraska Lodge # 354 "expelled" (after 9/22/1878)
From the Membership Payments ledger of the B'nai B'rith Lodge-
BERTHOLD MANSBACH paid 25 April 1897-Oct. 1907 (about $ 8 monthly)
April 1897- Mar 1908
Apr 1897-Jan.l908
April-May 189 7 only ("withdrawn May 16, 189 7")
Apr. 1897-Nov. 1907
ABE MANSBACH
SAMUEL JAFFA
HENRY A. JAFFA
SOL H. JAFFA
Membership list started March 2, 18 78 Trinidad Lodgo # 293 I.O B B
B. MANSBACH a member, A. MANSBACH was Monitor in 1897
a WILLI FREIRICH was President in 1901.
A. MANSBACH: named crossed out in 1904, last time listed.
in 1909, ED FREIRICH was a "Warden," WILLIAM FREIRICH 'was "guard "
B. MANSBACH: last listed in 1912, as Monitor.
"DESIGNATION BOOK'bf the Lodge (record of designated heirs for the Endowment
Fund Benefits. Fach member declares his heir for the bene.fits, *R<9^X]St§Jq(?ifflö§¥:f?rP
j{^b3OTDidctixaR!2mbED.^oia!i»id)j(bXhiaxfc^
18 Aug 1878: HENRY N. JAFFA, 34 years old . ...my wife Bessie Jaffa and my
children.
19 NOV1883: SALOMON H. JAFFA, age 34, . . .age 29, ...my legal heirs
18 Aug 1878: ABRAHAM MANSBACH, 28 years old, . . .to my wife. (witness: H.N. J/V
another ledger with records of dates on which members joined-
HENRY NAPHTALI JAFFA, 33, merchant, Single 3 March 1878
SAMUEL JAFFA, 35, merchant, Single 3 March 1878
SOLOMON H. JAFFA, 28, merchant, Single 21 April 18 78
JAFFA-MANSBACH -3-
XV
XVI
XVII
xvm
ABRAHAM MANSBACH, 28, merchant, Single
B(ERTHOLD) MANSBACH, 28, merchant, Single
MAYER MANSBACH, 29, merchant, Single
21 Apr 1878
7 Dec 1884
25 July 1889
(document copied)
(WILLIAM FREIRICH, 25, clerk, Single 4 Dec 1898)
(EDWARD FREIRICH , 22, bom In New York, salesman, Single 17 Dec 180 5)
PERRY JAFFA, 42, born EBERHARD, PENNSYLVANIA Physician Single 16 Apr 1911
Letter by EDITH MARSHUTZ BLUMENTHAL (the sister of Arthur J. Mansbach)
dated 21 Jan 1960 to Dr. Chyet. her address 1510 Thayer Avenue, LA
My grandfather was Sam Jaffa in Trinidad (father of Ida Jaffa Mansbach)
My father was Meyer Mansbach, who with his brother Berthold had a dry goods
Store. Meyer was President of the School Board.
My mother's brother (Ida 's) was PERRY JAFFA, MD
JOSEPH JAFFA was an attorney. Both brothers studied at Columbia University.
I was born in the same house in which my mother was born (*).
Grandfather Jaffa had lived In Philadelphia (**)
"We lived with my grandfather" (in Trinidad) .
We moved to Detroit in 1913.
(she is the wife of Ray Blumenthal)
**: The city directories of the 1860s and 1870s show no Jaffa family listed.
■■"*: The collection of JAFFA fotos at AJA includes a picture of the house: in front
of it stand Edith,her mother and her maternal grandmother.
The Rocky Mountain Jewish Historicol Society Notes, v.l,no.l, Oct.1977
has a two-page article on the Trinidad Synagogue and Community (copied).
It includes a foto of the Opera House owned by the Jaffa brothers.
obituary for JOSEPH J. JAFFA, in Denver, who died at Green Gables Country Club,
at IIPM of a heart attack at Presbyterian Hospial. (no date given)
Obituary for SOL H. JAFFA, 92 years old, who died at Las Vegas, New Mexico.
CHRONICLE-NEWS, Trinidad, Monday Dec. 1, 1941.
He died Saturday (Nov. 29,1941) at the home of his son Arthur J.Jaffa.
He had lived in Trinidad 1871-1920. survivors are two nephews, HIRSCH KATZ,
in Denver, associated with the Denver National Jewish Hospital, and Dr.
Bertrham(sic) Jaffa, MD, of Denver.
Born in Heinebach, Germany, Gas sei province, on 6 Aug 1849, came to U.S. at Qgc|
16, in 1865. First to Keokuk, Iowa, then Bloody Run, Pennsylvania (now called
Everetvillei. then to Hayes City, Kansas (originally Ft. Hayes, Kansas), in 1868.
He then moved to Mora, N.M. where, at age 19, he was a clerk in a general storc
In 1868 he came to Las Vegas, New Mexico, and to Trinidad in Sept. 1871.
With his brother Henry he founded the JAFFA BROTHERS, and they were joined by
SAM JAFFA in 1872. They owned the JAFFA BROTHERS MERCANTILE COMFANY.
In later years, they would have Stores also in Las Vegas, Albuquerque and Roswoli
New Mexico,
JAFFA-MANSBACH -4-
(XVIII)
XIX
XX
XXI
SOL H. JAFFA founded the Trinidad Retoil Credit Association. Ile was a very activc
Mason, LA Lodge (Las Animas?) # 28 , AF&AM since 1875. He was its
Worshipful Master 1885-1888 and in 1900, and the first President of the
Masonic Temple Association and its secretary from 1902 to 1920.
JdcBxbHa^fcaxBilaöBbdcqiKOfieKty
In 1920, he sold hls Trinidad business and home and in 1921 moved to
Las Vegas, NM. In 1871, the populaüon of Trinidad was 1500, and when he
left the City in 1920, it had 12,000 and more. He was a loyal booster of Trinidad
and a fellow-founder of the Congregation Aaron (July 23,1888) He had joined
the Jewish Lodge (Bnai Brlth) in 1878.
OMtuary for PERRY JAFFA, MD. A graduate of Gross Medical College in Denver
(MD 1900). Practised in Trinidad, died in Denver (Imperial Apartments) of gallstone
Operation. He was a brother of Joseph S. Jaffa, attorney in Denver. He had the
Position of County Physician for Las Animas County. Was an Exalted Ruler of
the Elks in Trinidad, was Single. A son of the late SAM JAFFA, pioneer of Trinidad.
He is survived by hismother and four sisters, all living in the Fast (also by Josepl
Jaffa!). He was 46 years old,
There is a letter In the files from S. Gregory, a monument-making busine s
in Trinidad, which shows the inscription for the gravestone in the Trinidad Jewish
cemetery: "Perry Jaffa, died Nov. 2, 1915". (see also p.3 of these notes).
]SlMffiSlSÄlM)(8EiSS0KEBf€)iXg)X^^
A collection of Quit Claims for property owned by the Jaffas: including:
to SAMUEL' JAFFA 28 Jan 189 5, lisüng SAMUEL and AMELIA JAFFA
another: Lot # 2 , Block 103 in the city of Trinidad, Las Animas County,
dated July 30, 1889, names:
HENRY N. JAFFA, BESSIE JAFFA, SOLOMON H. JAFFA, LEONORA JAFFA.
A letter with the letterhead JAFFA, PRAGER & CO. , Wholesale and Retail
Groceries and Ranch Supplies. - Sheep, wool, and Mohair.
ROSWELL, NEW MEXICO. W.S. Prager, President, signed Arthur, dated 7/26/1921.1
TlAF FA
Pioneer jews
A New Life in the Far^\fest
Harriet and Fred Rochlin
Houghton Mifflin Company
Boston
1984
'f
Elected, Appointed, Self-Appointed
Samuel Jaffa, Trinadad,
Colorado,
1876-1880
Emil Marks, Bisbee, Ari-
zona, circa 1900
Morris Goldwater, Pres-
cott, Arizona, 1897—
1919
Moses Alexander, Boise,
Idaho,
1888-1892
Wolfe Londoner, Denver,
Colorado,
1889-1891
Henry Jaffa, Albu-
querque, New Mexico,
1883-1895
159
l
fi
Abe Frank; Yuma, Ari-
zona, circa 1890
Emil Ganz, Phoenix, Ari-
zona, 1895-1900
l
H
Samuel Friendly, Eugene,
Oregon,
1893-1895
Nathan Jaffa, Roswell,
New Mexico, April-De-
cember 1903
\
Adolph Solomon, El
Paso, Texas, circa 1893
Henry Jaffa, Albu-
querque, New Mexico,
1885-1895
\ ^p
6^.iji
(
^
^^i^ws ^
rn^t
■11"^^
' 4^^r
Nathan Jaffa y Roswell,
New Mexico, April-De-
cember 1903
:>♦<
Samuel Jaffa, Trinadad,
Colorado,
1876-1880
Nr'
'.
lONEER JEWS
A New Life in the FarWest
i
i
I
I
3
VI
5
Harriet and Fred Rochlin
Hougliiüii Mifflin Company
Boston
1984
212
Pioneer Jews
As the number of tongregations in tlic Far
West .ncreased. so diel the coinpetition for suit-
ab e spiritual leaders. Before 1840 few ordained
rab b,s would tcnsidcr co.nir.g ,„ ,|,e not.., ioi.sly
.rrel.gious United States. Those wl.o did con.e
might be out of favor at home or in flight f rom
persona! problems; or they were missionaries
willing to sacrifke a few years to the reclamation
Ol the Ignorant, if not downright sinfui, Amer-
ican Jews. Between 1840 and 1880 more rabbis
Oerman Reform and Orthodox, were am(,ng ,he
tetis of thousands <,f Jews entering the New
World. 1 he niost desirable were snapped up by
congregations east of the Rockies or by the few
atfluent groups on the West Coast. After the first
American rabbinital .schoojs. ihe Reform Hc-
brew Union College (HUC). founded in 1875
and the Jewish Theological Seminary, estab-
Lshed m 1887, began graduating spiritual lead-
ers. the Problem eased. As m,.re rabbis tapablc
of leadinga modern, American congregation be-
tame available. a coterie ofdistinguished Jewish
spiritual leaders emerged in the Far West. Ihey
biought a fouiitainhead o( Jewi.sh kmwiedge and
practice to their congiegants and to Jews in sur-
rounding hintei lands. Ihey also piovided mod-
eis Ol exemplary Jews to the public at laige and
stimulated inteiest in human betterment. edu-
cation. and aid to the needy. Representative of
these spiritual leaders were such men as Leopold
Freudenthal of Trinidad, Colorado; Rabbi Mar-
tin Zielonka of El Faso, lexas; and Dr. William
rriedman of Denver.
Leopold Freudenthal was the flrst rabbi to
hold the pulpit at the Reform lemple Aaron in
Iruiidad, a smail coal-niining town on the l'ur-
gatoire River in southern Colorado. He arrived
•n December 1889. His initial rabbinical duty was
" lead a dch.alion «eremony fo, the unusually
l«andsome, tw(,-s,o,y bri, k a.ul sandsiom- tem-
ple, graced by stained-glass Windows vividly i|-
lustrating biblical scenes. During his twenty-six
years m office. the learned rabbi. a graduate of
Heidelberg Umveisity. ac.ively encouragcd lew-
ish practice and disseminated Judaic values in
this coal and railroad center. Rabbi Freuden-
thal s duties included counseling, a weekly Ser-
vice, and direction of the Sunday school. Both
the sch«.ol and his I l„|y Day servit es drew people
trom f.fty n.iles around. Freuden.hal also trav-
eled in southern C(,lo,ado and New Mexico to
offinateat mariiages, buiials. a.ul ciicumcisi<ms
and toconduci Bar Mi,/vah Services. Freuden-
thal s circumcision i ecord book shows he per-
formed the rite on about two hundred lewish
infants. He was al.so an ac.ive Mason and an
intluential member of the Iiinidad School Board
By the turn of ,he cenlury, natural gas and
Oll were cutting in,,, Irinidads coal profits and
slowing busmess. Manv Jewish merchanis began
seekmg a livelier ma.kcplace. As the congre-
gation dwindied, the rabbi agreed to two salary
cu s. When he died in 1916, another rabbi biiefly
held US Office. Ihcn „„e of Fieuden.hals ded-
icated lollowers, (iilbei, Sanders, a member of
a Pioneer Jewish fainily of frinidad and an at-
torney and respec.ed civic leadei, took „ver as
lay rabbi.
I f^'rUfipi <T-
J
Rabbi Leopold Freudnilhal (1818-1916) um Ihe sbiril-
/Ä^JT/'I^"';''/'': ''"'"" '" '''"""''"'• Colorado, fron,
i^üZ'iHar '" ""'■ "'"""^' '-"- '""<^-^-
■*-r.>t^t<,^in.ä»-tf,.t ■--...
>*^<',Ä«*«)Ö;siteSli^
i
213
Rabbi Martin Zielonka, El Paso, Texas, 1912; courlesy,
El l\iso Public Eihnuy, El Pasa, Texas
Freiulciiihars sons, Samuel, a prominent
C.olorado allorncy, and Allred, a surgeon, con-
tinued lo support iheir father's temple. When
Alfred, a hachelor, died, his $400, ()()() estate went
lo lemple Aaron. Sanders, his altorney, created
the Allred Freudendial Memoriarirust Fund to
perpetuate judaism in the area.
Rabbi Martin Zielonka was twenty-three
when he became spiritual guide of Temple Mt.
Sinai in Fl Paso. Born in Berlin and educated in
the United States, Zielonka was ordained at the
Hebrew Union College in 1899 and had served
a Waco, Fexas, rongregation for a year. In the
next thirty-eight ac live years, he earned the de-
votion of his congregants, including a small group
of traditionalists who remained with Mt. Sinai
until a (lonservaiive synagogue lormed. He also
became "rabbi" lo Jews throughout the South-
west who had no oiher spiritual leader.
Fnudating his congregants in this town on
the Mexic an bordcr, Zielonka became a Spanish-
speaking sonihwesicrner. He lent his infhience
to a variety of causes, including helping to or-
ganize the El Paso Health League and serving
as the direcior of the College of the City of El
Paso until 1920.
In 1908 the Central Conference of Ameri-
can Rabbis sent Zielonka to Mexico on a mission
that would interest him for the rest of his life.
He was to find oui how many Jews were living
in Mexico and under what conditions, and he
was to determine whelher Mexico would make
a feasible deslinalion for some of ihe niillions of
eastern European Jews who were ihen fleeing
their homelands.
Thh figura rara, as one reporter calied the
rabbi, found a thin scatlering of Jews all over
Mexico, with an esiimaied fixe hundied in Mex-
ico Caty. Only one small congiegalion, of Syrian
Jews, was in opeialion, and many others had
ceased to acknowledge ihal ihey were of Jewish
descent. Zielonka was inilially enihusiaslic about
the resetllemenl of Jews in Mexico: Its natural
resources were rieh, the climaie moderate, and
the economic ()|)|)()rtuniiies abundant. Ouring
his brief slay, however, the disadvaniage of |)er-
vasive political unrest caused him lo c hange his
mind. Ihe revolulion thal raged in Mexico be-
iween 1910 and 1917 made innnigralioii infea-
sible. When ihe conilicl ended, however, ihe B'nai
B'rith built on the Jewish setilemenl work ini-
tiated by Zielonka. 1 housands of Jews would
eventually seitle in Mexico, a large number of
them personally assisted by Zielonka.
William Stern Friedman, the spiritual leader
at Temple Fmanuel in Denver for half a Century,
embodied most of what was praiseworthy and
problematic about the American Reform move-
ment. He was an outstanding product of the
ideology, skills, and loyalties Hebrew Union Col-
lege inculcaled in ils labbinical sludenls, who
were yoiing, bright, idealislic, usually poor, and
üften orphaned.
Friedman was born in ('hicago in 1868; he
soon losi his parenis and was laised in ihe Chi-
cago Orphan Asylum. Al iweiiiy-one, when he
graduated from Hebrew Union, he was already
a sirong enough leader lo guide his fhst con-
gregalion, Denvers sixleen-yeai-old, (onllicl-
torn Femple Fmaimel, out oi c haos and inio ihe
American Reform camp. In addilion lo his con-
Ojl
L
'.'^^'^'m^^Ai^'^^^^iM^^^wy^i^^^
September 24, 1987
Mr. Benjamin Jaffa
2769 S. Garden Drive ,Apt. 203
LakeWorth, Florida 33461
iA{) <^iaU^
Dear Mr. Jaffa:
I have just returned from a visit to the American Jewish Archives in
Cincinriati^ Ohio, on the campus of the Hebrew Union College, where I found a
large collection of papets conceming the Jaffa family of Trinidad, Colorado^ and
of course your letter to Mrs. Gilbert Sanders, dated Dec. 25, 19 78. I surely hope
this letter of mine will find you in good health, because I can answer one of the
questions to asked Mrs. Sanders. Yes, there are descendants of Sam Jaffa still
living today. It is the family of Patricia Mansbach Neisser, who married a some-
what distant cousin of mine, and who has three grown sons.
Patricia Mansbach is the daughter of Arthur J, Mansbach and Ida
Jaffa, who was thedaughtör of Samuel Jaffa and Amelia Jaffa (of whom there is a
beautiful portrait photo in the AJA collection). Ida Jaffa married Meyer Mansbach
in 1896, and their son Arthur became the father of Patricia Mansbach. Meyer and
his family left Trinidad in 1913 and moved to Detroit, where Patricia was born. After
1925, Meyer and his wife moved to Los Angeles where both died. Their granddaughter
lives some 20 miles south of LA (Newport Beach).
I was most interested in reading that you had traced the ancestry of the
Jaffas to the first Benjamin Jaffa, born in 1769 in Heinebach (Hessen-Kassel) . I assume
that his son Aron (after whom the congregation in Trinidad was named) died either in
Heinebach (after which three sons left for America) or eise he came with them and died
(perhaps in Eberhard, Pennsulvania, where Percy Jaffa was born in 1869),
It so happens that the huge collection of microfilms of personnel records
of Jewish communities of Germany (produced by the Genealogical Society of Utah)
there is a very brief reglster of births,marriages and death from HEINEBACH (only 1809-10)
and I shall be able to take a lock at it in a few weeks, since I will ask for a loan of the
reel which contains it. It is just possible that the name Jaffe might appear, one vo uld
wish for a record which covers a longer period. I have been corresponding with
archivists in West German archives, with remarkable success, in regard to records from
other places, and will enquire whether by chance other Heinebach records are still
around which, for some reason, were not filmed. Would be nice to get all the informatioi
on the earlier generations if the source material is still around.
Since you mentinned to Mrs. Sanders that you had compiled a fair amount
of records on the Jaffa family, perhaps you know Amelia Jaffe's maidenname. The ce-
metery records of Trinidad give the names of the parents of Leonora (Amelia 's sister-
in-law) but unfortunately nothing about Amelia. Leonora was of course Sol's wife.
I am in the process of preparing my notes of which I will send Mrs.
Neisser a copy, and will be delighted to send a copy to you as well if you do not
already know the documents in the Trinidad,Colo. files of the AJA.
-2-
In your letterto Mrs. Sanders you menüon SARA JAFFA as the sister
of the three brothers in Trinidad, and you said that she marrled a Goldsmith in
Pennsylvania. You probably know that SOL JAFFA married ELEONORA GOLDSMITH,
born on 16 Feb 1860 in Washington, Pennsylvania as the daughter of Jacob and Fannie
Goldsmith (formerly probably Goldschmidt). Possibly Sara married Eleonora's
brother. . . I also noticed that PERCY JAFFA, MD, who died in 1915, was bom
(in 1869) in Eberhard, Pennsylvania, and that ABE MANSBACH, brother of Meyer,
got engaged to a lady named Lina Weil of Philadelphia (March 1878) whom he
presumably married. The connections with Pennsylvania are indeed interesting.
Unfortunately, the Pennsylvania census of 1880 lists no Jaffas, but possibly that
of 1870. might. Since the towns involved are small, I might be able to locate the
Jaffas and the Goldsmiths. (Weil in Philadelphia is difficult. The city directory
of 1870 had several, but lists only the head of the household, and for the 1870
census there are no indexes, so finding Weil, any Weil would be rough.)
■ You mention also that Mr. Heilbrunn has portraits of Aaron and Ella (no doubt
his wife). Would there be any copies that I could acquire for my cousin Patricia ?
I would also be most interested in a copy of Aaron marriage contract of 1836 - which
ought to give not only his wife's maidenname but the names of her parents as well.
The enclosed sheet of references to Trinidad in two Jewish newspapers
of the 1880s might interest you. By the way, in 1908, MEYER MANSBACH, Ida
Jaffa's husband, was elected director of the Jewish school in Trinidad. He probably
served in this posiüon until he moved to Detroit in 1913.
I should be most obliged for your response, and remain,
Most sincerely yours.
John Henry Richter
(Apparently all fotos in the AJA Picture Collection files for Jaffa and Mansbach
were given by Edith Blumenthal, the sister of Arthur M. and daughter of Meyer and
Ida (Jaffa) Mansbach. There is also a negative of a nice portrait of SALOMON
ELCHANAN JAFFA, no doubt a relative. Interesting is that his name is given under
the Portrait in Hebrew , not in German or English. From the dress I would guess it
may have been taken in the 1850s or 1860s.
TEMPLE AARON BIBLETTE
Jn CommmioratioH of
EIGHTY YEARS . . .
LEO GOTTLIEB
and THE TEMPLE
SEVENTY YEARS . . .
ALBERT MOSES '
and B'NAI B'RITH
SIXTY YEARS . . .
GILBERT SANDERS
CORNER-STONE
November II. 1949
Cheshvan 5710
TEMPLE AARON
Trinidad, Colorado
The Story of Our Congregation
3y Gilbert Sanders
(President, Templo Aaron)
As v/c cbservG respectivo Annivorsarios of EicihtY^
^evcnty, and Sixty, as years in thc lives of offlcc-rs^
of*"t:Tii£ Congfeoation, it is well for us tc parallel
theso occasicns with^ significant oxporiences in the
life of our co!Tjnunity as well as Congregation».
is appropfiäte tb think of many "Firsts"^ in a
series of 'such Anniversary thoughts and theme
It
s*
Just sixty years ago on Dcccmbcr 6^ l:^39>.the
corner-stone of-Tcmple Aarpnvvas placcd^ This thcn
initiates our search for a seriös of '^Tirsts'' in our
lives and lab'ors and thojse of our forboars in this
our Congregafion^' • • , . '
The f ir:3:t *neotino of Jev/s in tho city of Trinidad
v/as hold Juiy 23, 1883, at the home of l'x^ 3am Jaffa,
for the purposc cf -crganizing a Jev/ish cc!rx;unity and
Congregation^ Among the eightcon presont-vv^^re SiiTiOn •*
Sanders and David Gottlicb, fathors of twc ariiCng us who
sorve currently among the trusL
s^ es ^
The fi^st jgcrspn who .inade aj} of f ering was 6lTf\on
Sanders 4 on August 1, 18837*^^The Ip^rst S of^r loraji-;
was . securod 'on the säme date at the cost of seventy-
five dollars. The fix^i l^JX^iS acoount v/as opencd that
very sarnc day^ and ycar. Ä f ew days lat^'r> Leo
Gottlieb, presentiy a trustee, and currently vice-
President of th'c Tempil Aaren,; jcined the Congre-
gation and since that date, September 2,- 1883, he.
has served cdntinucusly -and dcvctodly t.b.rcughout the
many decades that have scen snow cfövyn Fisher^s r?eak
and sun spread light and shadow over Simpson^s Rest.
I
• %
I
R
l-'i
f.onc.0 around thc Comotory, a worR which'waf c°oSpJ l^d 'Dei^-f^
conductod in the Lodgo
A„ M„ Thc flrst layman
David Gottlacb; fath^
Rn.n, ^""IV,^^^ rnoGtings of the- Board vvere
Rooms ofLas An.imas Lodgo #28 A F" ard
f-Sr-qt Mopov^h i-.lt ,^^u.^^' ^^° GottliGb.'who aJ GO Jit tho
tinuously and rTverontlv tn L^.^ % L "^^^^^ ^^^ burnod con-
ones, rovercntiy, m mcmory of all cur doparted doar
a\ .t.ik?:3.t .I^AYS was tho $6.0G0 subsc-TboH -Fo-n , u^., j? •*•
IVorship on October 97- llsi ri:riä^^u^ """f *" °^ ;
fs a first Uan-.from Distkct ? E Vai rirthr + was borrowed-
tho edifico so cs5r>n+i-,} -f^t lui' T ^ B'rihli, to make possiblo
our pooplo, On Julv 14 f?«o^^J^^^i^9ious and cultural lifo of
fou/faSilios°andlL'^rowfcins$dert:Sfrih'^l".''f
decados, Prosnoritv f^nn +h^ ?;;^? ^ ^ throucnout -che noxt two
^nity and in tho rcligious lifo ofthS cSngiolaUon! ' """
it coJSrt'ln vdn?or ChuS o?a.^''°"•'"■=l^"'^ =*°™ ^cat brought
of its sorvicos! ^ ■"""" '"^'''''' *° ^^^ solofmity
r ••
"RabbinagG"-.^and sharGd holpfully with nT?^?c'
date of the dedication of iSm^ie^Aaron tho, nh^^-^
probably tock place in the ea?ly mS's 'Vo^aLu^. ' •
that our Congrsgation is as old as cur firsi lltffL.
f' °^^??.^^ *h^ °ldest of our members or olficers!! '
^fh« '^^Jf^ ^'"^ Congregation no doubt. Is as old
as he. IS this vveek— Eighty years . . ^- '»•^- ^^ oid
« • *
We do have access to reference of'th- flr^^ •
189U, AU vvho wero present wore grieted bv thnt.'
openmg vvords, on the part of ono of the archite?ts
of our Congregation; . a^cnitocts
I hope that you will hold many, yes many more
annuax meetings in the same, with a larSelv in-
. creas..d ir.omborship, indeed we cannc? be thank-
-fül enough to our Heavenly Father for the bies^
sings hG has bestcwod upcn us in the pas+ 1^
c?ea'?ion'A' ' T 'T'' ^"^ ^'^'^'^ wh^fconl
jregation Aaron has done we can say that onlv
through Kis assistance the work has been a?-
complished We may say that the ^ork l's com--
plGted, but not yet, and far frojn it. The
il not°nL^?^'P^-^i^V^^ ^^-^I^- °^ ^^ Israelit e
IS not compiete until our Heavenly Father calls
U?e above'' th'°"' r ^^"^^ ^^ ^i^e eve?las?ing
iite above. Then only may we say his mission is
8
» «
• I
fulfillcd* Lot mo impross upon you the greatest
Word of all is Schalem - Poacc. Lot us live
togothor on carth in pcaco, that wo may enter
the gatcs of heavon whcrG nothing but poacG
reigns, and no distinction is mado bctweon man
Gxcept by actions and dccds as they arc .
rocordod abovc."
Other rocords inform us of moods of gladness, and
sadncss, of tho mysteriös of lifo and of dcath, of the his«
torlos of individuals and f amilies, and also, the original
cost of this building as v/e novv know as Tomplc- Aaron as
$i 1,915^». 36— now rccognizod as the cldcst continucusly-used
Temple in the State of Colorado, if not tho entire Rocky
Mountain Region,
Our fathcrs built well for all of us^ Wo trust God
grant us ycars so that our werk may be equal to tiieirs, if
not surpass thoirs, sc thoso who follow us may continue our
labors.
Tho Story of Cur Sistcrhood
By Mrs. Ico Gottliob
(President of Tomplo Aaron Sisterhood)
Since a Congrogation is ofton as strong as its
Sistcrhood, for it is said in the Talmud — "Womon—
t^e^Y aro tho Houso of Jacob"-..it is of more than pas-
sing intorost to us to loarn that on Juno 22, 1889
thirty-four womon of the city of Trinidad formod a'
Society which thoy called "The He-brow Ladies Aid
Socioty"e Among thoso "first familios'' were Mrs,
Harry Moses, mother of Albort Moses, cur Temple-s
Secrotary and Treasuror currently and cur organist
at Services; Mrs, David Gott lieb, mothor of Leo
Gottlieb, our Temple-s vicc-presidont ; ^^ar5, Simon
Sanders, mothor of Gilbert Sanders, prcsont Prosi~
dent of Temple Aaron, As a Sistcrhood they also
proyided a sories of "firsts" which havo appoal
historically and romanticaliy ovcr a span of years,
l^^^ fJ-Sßl aritS.rtainiTcjxt was a "Strawborry Fcsti^Ml"
ror tho purposo of raisi.ng funds for Tcmole Aaron, This
took place July 3. 1809. "crov" Fourth of July as
a Rod, Wnite and Blue affair from which $114,10 was
raisod, Tho f,ir^t .flowcrs that graccd tho aliar in
tho Tomplo woro ordored May 6, 1892« Procrams for
the Fourth of July secmcd to bo an annual'evcnt , for
°5 ^"}' '^* -^^^'^^ ""''^ '^°'t^' a siiT.ilar program to thr-.t .
of 1889, The first monoy for putchasinq a parscnago
wa s appr opr iat oTTuITTL)', T8'02T~13n"ücTüb~ r'~5T""IB'J27
tho Society providcd tho first two shrouds for funcrals
whilo on May 3, tho munifIcöH? Vum öf'TTvc dollars
v;as^voted as tho first rcmuncration for tho choir.
^^ fi.E.st public bal^l was"dccick;d upön Docombor
6, 1893, for the pürposo of providing funds for a
10
comotery. The first fair .was arrangod for November 7, 1894
and an eloquent, though quiet report indicates that no iess
than $1,014.75 was realizod, The first observance fo-r
Sundav School took place on Chanukah, December 2, 1389, at
which time the ladies provided pfesents especially suited
for children. VYhile we mention "firsts" as stepping-stones
instead of stumbling-blocks, we pause to menti9n that the
f^rst step-ladder for use in the Temple was purchased March 3
1897, and that the first stöp toward the enhancement of the '
Cemetery was dated June 2, 1887, when twenty-five dollars was
awarded for this purpose. The Sisterhood and its predecessor
offered the first public whist p^rty, September 1, 1897, and
presented the first minstrel show on October 11, at -which
time Albert Moses was in complete Charge of advertisement.
•
These were major 'activities on the part of the Sistorhoo(
from the very begmning until our own time, when it was among
the pace-makors in America for the National Federation of
Temple Sistorhoods, with its-largest number of Uniongrams
per capita in the country, if not tho world. Many other
notable and creditable achievements havo been added to its
records, not only locally, but also regionally and nationally
As the Bible accredits names of some of its Books
as Ruth and Esther— to great womon in the past, so we too
voico our heartfelt gratitude to God— and to the "Women '
of Valor" who made houses into homes and a Houso of Israel
mto a Temple of God
11
-miffffy^f^mimmf^i " uti» un ■»mi»!, ^■~«
FT. WAYNE 9/87
JAFFA
in COLORADO
CENSUS 1880 COLORADO
line
JAFFA, SAM
, Amalia
, Perry
, Joe
, Hattie
, Ida
-7—, Ella
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
p.26i, 1
line; 2
IRINIDAD 4-66/25-44 LOS ANIMAS COUNTY
10 June 1880
37, born Germany. Merchant
33, b. Germany
13, born Pennsylvania at school
11,
5, born Colorado " li vi ng with Sol Jaffa"
2, born Colorado
, Nathan (brother) 16 born Germany
, S tein ha rdt, Hertha, cousin 23, born Germany
Chestnut St
CENSUS 1880
42
43
COLORADO LAS ANIMAS COUNTY, TRINIDAD 4-66/25-42
10 June 1880
JAFFA, SOL 30, born Germany Merchant
, Leonora 19, born Pennsylvania
CENSUS 1900 LAS ANIMAS COUNTY, TRINIDAD 11 June 1900 ED 64, p.l3B
231 Chestnut Street Dwelling # 324, Family # 338
Line
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
1900
JAFFE, SAMUEL Apr 1842 Germany, 58, married 34 years
, Amalia June 1846 Germany, 7 ch, 6 living
MANSBACH, Ida Jan 1876, 24, married 4 years, 1 ch 1 iving
, Meyer June 1861, 38, born Germany
, Arthur . Nov 1896, 3 born Colorado
JAFFA, Ella Feb. 1879, 21, born Colo
, Judith Septl882, 17
STEINHARDT, Bertha cousin Sept. 1869, 30
COLORADO, LAS ANIMAS , TRINIDAD 12-67/12-61
JAFFA, Perry Jan. 18 71 Pennsylvania lives alone. Physician.
to U.S. 1854
to U.S. 1879
(no Henry Jaffa)
note: Not born in Philadelphia, no Jaffa family listed in Phil.
CENSUS 1900 LAS ANIMAS COUNTY, TRINIDAD ED 64, p. 13-14 11 June 1900
line
43
44
45
46
218 So. 3rd Street Dwelling 340, Family # 354
JAFFA, SOL H. Aug. 1849, 50, married 20 years, born Germany to U.S. 1864
, Leonore Feb. 18 60, 40, born Pennsylvania Merchant, Citizen.
, Ellen May 1882, 18 born Colo
»Arthur July 1884, 15 born Colo
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Date of Search.
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Notes:
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(For Ihose who use theCalen-
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search notes)
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Died:
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Place!
Buried: Place:
Other spouses: 1.
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2.
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iÖ&.c^öTH.s ]".T)'>Ä.'Äe
Rel. Date: Place? V
[airiialBifirRiie"
Died:
Buriedi
Pldce;
Place:
other spauses: i.
Mother:
2.
R.O~il_ UV(KUöAs)
TfIarrfeJ'""r"To"
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KrÄöiiÄX'^PiFFt V ^Ai^ (^^-3o-uia)
0 ^csdxcxt^\ TUTev^dds^:«-fcJ^
C.COHCAJ,
l
IE
almost
sner, in
cientist,
rtune in
tzerland
jadville,
hich, in
^'Uggen-
rition,'*
id if
lions
udy-
son,
ram.
«oiness
hat the
^os the
r opera-
). Colo-
erest in
the American Smelting and Refining Company, a hugc conglomerate
including every principal copper smclter in the United States.
While on the whole no philanthropist, Guggenheim did make con-
tributions from time to time to various Jewish charitable institutions.
His sons, however, proved far more generous. Simon, a U.S. Senator
from Colorado, provided the State university with several buildings. In
addition, he set up a world-famous foundation for dispcnsing fellow-
ships to scholars, writers, artists, and scientists. Another son, Solomon,
provided $12 milHon for the establishmcnt of onc of America's out-
Standing art museums. A third son, Daniel, set up a multi-million-dollar
aeronautics foundation to "stir the air consciousness of the American
people" several years before Lindbcrgh's lone flight across the Atlantic.
201
BRIDCINC THE C.AP
BETWEEN TEXAS
AND CALIFORNIA
.^:
^y
%««*«lt.
i»-
a^
to
,<*^
.,/ ^.'
4..
"""^"W ''^
a^r
Mdx Sfein, mounUd policeman. Pueblo, Colorado,
c. 1900
Rocky Mountiin |ewuh Hutonc«! Societv. Beck .\ichiv«. Outet foi
ludtK Srudjo, Unrvmitv oi Denver
Sol Jaffa and his famih m thetr general meTchan-
dis€ itore m Tnnidad, Colorado "With my
brothers l came to the United States m the late
i86o$ from CasuL Cermany In 1871 we formed
the Jaffa Brothers Ceneral Merchandise Company
in Trinidad, l was in bustness here until zgig. and
thus witnessed the change of bustness houses from
adobe huts to buildings of bnck and stone."
— >So/ Jaffa
Amcncia jcwuh .\rchivet. Qncianab, Ohio
. . When the
le of the offi-
half starved
* ed him
s, axjout 300
cold-blooded
settlers went
it Willi Spie-
^Jermany and
i few months
vere no Pull-
ill, two-story
^d like large
)ne year old.
) had just re-
1 rose as one
1 cheered me
ley shouted,
id eyes on in
but once she
ong her
; g^neral of a
al Lew Wai-
deration con-
publisher. At
, so in 1879
T to instruct
collected
)use built
tudy, and
Santa Fe.
d in front
exico Jew-
the town bv
)n San Fran-
1 the Street.
special Colkctions, The Univenity of New Mexico
Left Albuquerque, 1882. Because of its relative inaccessibility the town remained small, with only three to four thousand
mhabitants until the first tratn reached it on Apnl 15. 1880. By then the Rosenwald and llfeld families had armed, soon to be
followed byHemmn Block. Mike Mandell Sussman Lewinson. and D. S. Rosenwald. By 1883 there were enough jews in fou-n to
establtsh a B nat B rtth lodge. RiCHT, Radroad Avenue (now Central Avenue), in 1898
Henry N Jaffa, first mayor of Albuquerque and first President of the local /eu-w/i
congregation. Like many other Jewtsh merchants, Jaffa, a native of Germany, had
come to the Southwest in pre-railroad days and shared m the general prospenty
that followed.
Albuquerque Mujcum Photoarchives
Left, Laying the comerstone of Temple Albert at Seventh and Gold in 1899, with the territorial govemor of \ew Mexico, the
mayor of Albuquerque, officers and members of the Wasonic Grand lodge of Sew Mexico, and the First Regimental Band of the
New Mexico Territorial Militia lookmg on The privilege of nammg the temple was auctioned off to pioneer merchants Ivan and
Alfred Grunsfeld, who named it m honor of their father RiCHT, Temple Albert shortly after its completion.
Special Gillections. The UniveniK of New Mexico
Albuquerque Museum Photoarchiv«
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\ PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE ALL INFORMATION
Dear
I am very interested in gathering our family history and would
be mosr appreciative if you would kindly fill in as many of the
blanks below as possible. Do not worry about research - just send
me what you know. I do not expect every blank to be filled in,
but each item filled in will be of great value and help to me. I
have some Information on the family and would be glad to ex-
change with you if you
should desire it. The ad-
dresses of your married
children^ brothers and sis-
ters, and others of your liv-
ing relatives which you
might have would also be
of great value to me. Thank
you for your interest and
help.
Sincerely,
'IM'
(Your nanie in füll)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
(Your wife or husband)
Birth date
Birth place
Please check the sources for
the Information given:
Marriage certificate □
Birth certificates □
Church records Q
Wnrten family records Q
Memory only Q Other
sources (please list).
(Your father's füll name)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
(Your mother's maiden name)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
i»i ■! üdi^^i^MiMaii
(Your father's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
(Your father's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
(Your mother's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
(Your mother's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Wh^ro bv'ried ^
■^Md
(Your grandfather's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
(Your grandfather's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
(Your grandfather's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
(Your grandfather's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
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Birth daie ^>i Place
Marriage date Place
Death date
B
unal
date
PI
ace
'lace
f
u
i
u
Father (name) Moth
Other Wives of the Husband (If any.
listm Order with marriage date first)
füll
WIFE(
maiden name
1
BIrth date PI
Death date Pia
ace
ce
B
unal
date
PI
ace
Town
Couniy
Statt
^
'
maiden
Q r (n/!^m^i - - ••• '
"1 1 1 lu 1 1 IC 1
•
Town
Counfy
State
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f
u
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Uli maicen
Father (name) Mother (name)
Other hlusbands of the Wife (If any,
list in Order with marriage date first) :
Sex:
M or
C H I L D R E N
(Füll names in order of bIrth)
WHEN BORN
D
ay
M<
Y.
WHERE BORN
T
cwn
County
8
State
or
!^ountry
D
ay
DIED
Mo.
10
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12
13
14
15
> I ipi
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*■*
Tür intormation given,
Marriaae certificates
tes n
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□
cerTitica
BIrth
Church recor
Written family records □
Memory only □ Other sources
(pi
ease iis
t)
Add
ress
Yr
MARRIED (First nus
band or wife). List
additionai marnages wi
th dates on
reverse side et s
heet.
Date
To
Dat
e
Date
To
Dat«
Dat<
To
Dat(
To
Dat<
Dat
To
e
Date
To
Dat«
To
Dat
Tg
e
Dat
To
e
Dat«
To
Dat<
To
Dat«
To
mm^mmmmmß
mmmmmiß
kn
AIM
X^üi^^fcO—liMfct III IIa.
Postal ^ Bernard, and Lionel Koppman:
78 A JEWISH TOURIST'S G ü I D C tO the U , S .
Philadelphia, JPSA, 1954.
tlic iigc of gi and liis ashcs wcrc 5' ' "^^ y. f-^'r: ,k .
scattcrcd 011 tlic Colorado niüiintains. f^'" •* - ''•.AV :* >/ n
Jksidcs tlic nicmorial on Million
Dollar 1 lighway. wliich was oncc part
of onc of liis toll roads, Mcars* nanic
is rccallcd by Mcars jnnction on thc
Deiner & Rio (brande iicar Ponclia
l^lss and Mcars Tcak ncar thc Dallas
Di\idc.
Pueblo
' icnifjlc Enianuci i-ftli and Grand
A\c.
• United llcbrew Ccutcr, West i ^lli
St.
Spivak
Tills virtnally sclf-containcd town
consists cntirdy of tlic Jcwish Con-
snnjptivc Relief Socictv's ^^ bnild-
Migs. coNcring i_j.S acrcs, onc niilc
vcst of tlic cit\ Innits of lXn\cr.
lonndcd in igo^ l)\ fcwisli working
pcoplc \\li() liad coinc to Denver in
Nc.ueli of a enre froni tnbeienlosis.
thc )CRS is nnicjnc in that it is prob-
ably thc oiilv Institution of its kind
bionght into being bv snfTcrers froin
tubcrenlosis. Thc town gets its iiaiiie
fioin thc latc l)i. ('harlcs D. Spivak.
<»nc of thc foundcis of )CM<S and its
diiceting liead nntil Ins deatli in
1(^27. )CRS started in a liandful of
tents üben Denver )ews deeidcd it
was tiinc to do sonicthini; abont pcn-
niless )cws from thc Mastern shiiiis
and faetory arcas nnIio caine to Den-
\er seeking recovery in tbe dry eli-
niatc.
Trinidad
• lanjAc AüTon, ";rd and Maplc, sec-
ond oldest congregation in thc statc,
was fonndcd in 18S6 and its svna-
gognc crected in 1889. Althongh its
nienibership has bcen rednced to a
handful of families, Teniple Aaron
Temple Aoron, Trinidad, Colo.
IS one of thc liehest conL;ic::^ations in
America bccause it inhented thc
^400.000 fnrtnnc of Dr. Alfred Iren-
denthal. whose father. Leo|)old.
ser\ed as its rabbi froin iSSS iintil
1914. 1 he rabbi's sons. Sani and Al-
fred, were ainoiig thc best lo\ed Citi-
zens of this onee floimshing co.il-
inining eonininnitx . Sain was a State
kgislator, ori;aiii/.cr of junior Col-
leges and fonndcr of libraries. Alfred,
a physician. staved in Trinidad to
minister to tbe tbonsands wlio knew
bis f.ither. Ircudcnthal. wbo rarely
eolleetcd fecs, was tbe friend and
eonnselor to all rrimdad.
I*rc dcnthal left thc cntire estate
to tbe teniple xsliicb tlien estab-
lished thc l'rciidcntbal ronndation.
Ultiinately tlic estate will go to jew-
isli and Christian cbarities, niostly
{:
»:
"pRlWCH;^ Colo.
tliosc ni Colorado. Tbe incc
year is dnided among |cn]
Catholie and Trotestaiit
Marge snins Ikinc bcen nsed
iish einidreirs plavgronnds. t|
nie I*:pis((,p;,I(|n„(|, ,,, j,.,*^.
h» paint IIk walls of t|,e Tn
clnireh. to biiild .j neu ein
ll»c laithcians and a centerl
'\(gr()es, to aid scr\iee elnb-
CoBisie
Althongh Connectient was tli
tAt of all thc Neu r.n-l.md e|
in cxehidnii; strant^crs and
rchi^ious (bsscnters. )(us n,;,,,!
'"id their ua\ to fhc NntiiieJ
M\ vcars IhIoic thc Ilartfoil
New II i\en sttticmeiits ucre
to f<»rni tlit pioMiKc i){ Coim*
ni i(»f);,
C^oniKcticiit's ehirtcr of
f^^hIclI rciiMMied in forec niitil
proelaimcd that 'thc ChristLul
i^ thc onlv mh\ priiKipal end .
|>Iantation." i OddK cnoii^h. t||
trait of Cliaiks II ulncb dee
this ehirtcr was thc woik c
cclcbrated Kcstoration minia;
Saninel Cooptr. whose biotherj
Jinder. einbraced jndaisin.) ( )|
^)tlier band. Connectient liid
■ .X'M^'C->'s'0'-i
\^
1
II
fli
^•sc in Colonido. T]
<^ O N N E C T I C
U T
7f
'«-•»r IS cliNidcd
Cilfllol
ni)
'<-' incoinc c.icli
^^^"5 /cuis], ;„H|
rMii
'C ;iiid Protestant d
'^^'^^ Sinns Ii;ac bc
«iiritics.
''•Sil clnldrcn's p]
^•" usccl to cst.b- t.ld.Ldc
5(>ntnnniIt,tndcofm)0(l
;:|^^';'^'^-^^»'oi..rsIn,,s. |,ook
' tj'.isscs fcr nccdv child
nnik
rcn. All
tnc J
to
;P'sco|);iI churcli t
'y^'rf>nnds, to cnablc |
-^ ^ ciionini.itions s|,.,ral m tl
P^''''^ti'cu;,lIsoftliclVcsl
^> P;'>- its t;ixcs, /cu is|
^tndcntlul
IC
^''^'^^'- 'M'c Tnn.(|.,d
cljurcl
Hic LntI
'• to hinid
>vtcTi;n) jSOos
K."
' "^'^^ duncli for tl
X
^V^^cs, U) iiid
»^•^^ms ;nKl ;, ccitcr for tl
IC
• ^<>"ni,nn,tv. d;,t,n^ frc,„, „
''"^•^•mnnl)cralsomc2^o:I,nt
IC Clojv.
" 'y^"''^'^ciccIn,cdNN,tl, tl
s^TMcc Clubs
ni cjp
"•^'^^^ Hiccoal
nnncs.
Connect
icut
<t.
if-.
r>
IC
lu-
1.
y
* I
ii
AIH
1011
i^liC
("incctitiil u.is fli
'" tXcIlKlili" st
,^'^"''»- "icM„v„c c:.Kk
col
nnjcs
rcl
'^''<>us disscnt
i; srr;ini^crs .nid cml
1^".^ '" »^>:;o. ii.c f,
fmd tl
crs.
i
<-'^^s injn.i£r(^.j ^^,
^'"i,' Neu If
•^•'r^v.iv to tl,c\uln,c/S(
niousl
'^tii CoI(;nist
^'•^ l-'^v of thc col-
^sf .isscnibK of
K -^t.itc
-^ ^^'tcd tli.it tl
^ in i()
V) Mii.nn
New M
''^ fuordul Ml tlic IUI
•^ ^^ord r,f (;,,,|
fo f(
'^<-'n scttlcnicnt
ni i66r
>rni thc proMncc of C
s ^^crc iinitcd
'"^ to bc tlic onl
Tcw Ibblc
^^"tnii; tlK- dntics of
^' nilc obscrxcd
W.ls
Ml c\.
^^""^'^^'^"t tins pL.nt.it
.o
(wind
procl;
'•"^'d'CMit's cl.;,rtcr of
J).
11
11
IS t\
pliintnt
ft'nKinicdjnforc(
'ncd fli;it "tbc a
1662
!*>"." And
»^' only iind pri
- iiiitil 181.S) I
»f'stKin f;ntli
<-rs of Neu ]]
^<'^crnincnt in
• »<^M:^. /olni
"Nt.ni fonnd-
)rc\\
'^^-n. introdnccd II
»"". (Oddh
"<^'P'»' cnd of tl
J^
'"tl'ctoun-sfirstpubl
cciin
ns
ciiou
'[••it of Charles Ilulncl
gli. tl
IC por- thc\
sc tlic first /
'nir ciiinc froni \
Piil>iicsclioo|.
c^vs in Coinucf-
tlns Charte
cclebrntcd Rcstor
r ^^•^|.s thc work of
» |lccor;ited HicAnglo.l)
^vcrc c.ini;|it in tl
cw Anisteid,
nn,
tl
iinincl C
ition
IC
^>f thc C
»'teil strngqit. f
»c iniddlc of
"iiniatnrisr. The 1)
«nineetieut R
>r control
nnd
^^ther band. C
oopcr u hose brother, Alex' fi
er, cinbraced jndai.sin.) ()„
^'/^'•'^^Ik, h.uicst.ibbsl
tl
IC
16
rst white settlc
'vcr \'.,|l(.
led tl
in
e"^ iit llarffc.rd
^^""^•^f^cnt had nnidc bsh ul
r>. wcre latcr onsfcd bv tl
IC
in
if> liiid coine West fro
le l
ni M
III
IS-
ii
%
■rf
U
Failure to succeed with the proposed boycott no doubt justifies
the conclusion of Arthur Morse that 'The refusal of the United
States to withdraw from one of the great Propaganda festivals in
Nazi history was one of an endless series of decisions which played
into the hands of Adolf Hitler, and, however inadvertently en-
hanced German prestige." But the American Jewish Community
and along with it the Jewish Community of Denver can recall that
It tried to avert the Situation.
As we look ahead to the 1980 Games to be convened in Mos-
cow, where we can expect a new mixture of athletics and politics,
we can look back with both pride and pain at the futlle efforts of
a previous generation to protest the forces of tyranny even in the
context of a supposedly a-political gathering of athletes from
around the world.
Sanctuary, Congregation Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado.
(See articie on next pagej
Exterior 1889, Congregation Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado.
(See articie on next pageJ
Jaffa Mercantile Company. Trinidad. Colorado, circa 18D0 Courtesy of American Jev^ish Archives (CincinnatiJ.
(See articie on next pageJ
As yet, Trinidad had no official Jewish Congregation,
but on July 23, 1883, seventeen men met with Max Epp'
stein of Denver at the home of Sol Jaffa for the purpose
of organizing a religious body. They adopted by-laws,
naming the group "Congregation Aaron of Trinidad, State
of Colorado," in honor of Aaron, the father of the Jaffa
brothers, who had been a Rabbi in Germany Meeting
first in the hall, which B'nai B'rith rented, they moved in
1883 to the New Jaffa Opera House in the Jaffa Building
on Main Street, a show-place which incorporated a one-
room adobe building dating from 1858.
[The Trinidad Chronicie on December 8, 1889 took
note of the dedication ceremony marking the new build-
ing which housed Temple Aaron.] This new building is
still one of the special beauties of the town, rising on an
eminence at 3rd and Pine. It was built of brick and sand-
stone in the best Victorian style, with a large lodge room
and two Sunday School rooms on the first floor, an audi-
torium seating 250 on the floor above.
ALLEN DUPONT BRECK
THE CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF
COLORADO 1859-1959
DENVER, COLORADO, 1960
pp. 141-142,143-144
Photographs courtesy of Paul May, unless noted.
Sanctuary, Congregation Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado,
Jaffa Opera House 1882, Early Home of Congregation Aaron,
Trinidad, Colorado.
\
Meeting Room, Congregation Ajron, Trinidad, Colorado,
'^**^;.i
t
'TV-A:
^^'
f^arK, Congregation Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado.
(See articie on next pagej
Exterior 1889, Congregation Aaron, Trinidad,
(See articie on next pageJ
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Jaffa Mercantile Company, Trinidad Coloradn rirra rann n^ ^ x a . ja«"!
Y, „uöu, K.oioraao, circa 1890. Courtesy of Amencan Jewish Archives (Cincinnati).
(See articie on noxt page.)
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NoHTON B. Stehn. Editor
VOL. XI. NO. 1 "~~ZZ."" (S:örm
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Central North Dakota's Jewish
Farmers in 1903 •>
By Abraham R. Levy
A Synacogue for TRi.Mr»Ai), Colorado — IHH9 . . (js)
From San Jose to Hoi.i.ywoon: ^^
Tue Hise of Jesse L. Lasky . . , , on
By Grace .laffe *- '
A Western Pictire Parade ... o-t
• • • • • • *m'ß
The Sinai-Woostfk Diahy -^i
By Ernost S. Wf)ostor, eciited by Hov;i Clar
First Synagogue at ALiirorKFu,)i;K ~. ]9()0 .... /IT)
Denoukmknt in San Diego in 18f58 ... 40
By Norton H. Stem .... kJ
An Alaskan Report — 1909 . ^r.
By Sol Ripinsky ^"
A San P^rancisco RAnni Reports on
A Visit to Sacramento in 1858 00
[The New Jewish Cemetery in
East Los Angeles, 1902 ...... 04
A Picturc Story .
The P^mergence of Oakland Jkwry -- Part IV 69
^ By William M. Kmmcr
Periodical Refeections {J7
Book Review r^^
President's Report, PV.deration ok Jewish
Charities, Los Angeles, ]917 91
By George Mo«bacher
The Editor's Page 95
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A SYNAGOGUE ^OR TRINIDAD. COLORADO
— 1889
O" Tuesday, June ]R flPJ'<)l ,i
'i.e „ew l;J.^j:\:thZ Z'ZZ o7;k'"';! -'
ßregation Aaron, at Tririidul r '"^."f "1 'he Con-
attend the Services wl 1 ! .'?'''"' ""'' ^''•'•d ^"^feels to
H. Jaffa, w S: e ' hTM::'"''"' ''^- '''"^•^'^'''^"' '^'-•- ^oK
-Uam.,., ead..e,.i:;;r?-:tS.^^^^^^^
".is occasion. Con.relaC Älo '1:^ r.'.;; -'''1 J''^^-/>•.
^-.Ma.er Aaron j4;.:-e;;;;;::t:-^^^^^^
wi.hourrr;;!;r;;^:i;;;;:' - "-- - '-'.in, a..con.pi.;i.ed
sl.are. Since «he ^r la^rrv'.^^^'.'lf.r ':'" 'r'^ ''' '"'
oay, and our conpre.a.ion di.I no,' :" , ! ^r.l '7" " •"'"
l.asl,een kind U. us "' ^''""""^ """ "'^ "''•^' '^"' J-'a.her
"Our conprepation numix-rs („day fortv ^;v m 1 i
and I hope wühin .l.e near fu.ure i, w I ^i," f V"'/. ""'
grepations ihcre is sonu-llnn" ado..i.. I . i , '" ''" ''""'
- L «^ a<loj)lc,J t(, wind, Ihc nirnihrrs ding,
the »Ido,, Ix^inK Co„„r,-w,.on m .nSr f^ M '''' "'"'^'•'^"''"" '" Colorado.
l«««unülh^.sdeath „lüfr =" »■^'"^"""- "' "*-.d.llHT«. M-rw-d as r.,l.l,i fron,
18
^ and what is it in our reli<;|
\ Moses, which lias carried
> prcscnl dny. It lias prolfctel
* it has iK'cn a com fort to tliJ
and slrcnptli to ihe weak; m»
a scroll at tlic cosl of SlOol
Saturday, so that duriiif; e
read tliroupli; so, witli llie L|
liglit, lü whid) evcry pood c
for, wilhoul law, thcrc is ni
is no moralily, and .to \vitli(|
"In Juiy, 1881, our
the laws of tliis State, wliicll
property. w» in Doconilx-r \\\
chascd frorn the Masonic fr,
deal had to he doiic. \X c
youtli in thfir r<'lipi(Mi> dutl
an instnictor. so in Murdil
our rahlii, wlio officiati'«! irj
departure. Halihi I,. Freud
After Mr. Jaffa 's lijst^
dress, and llie arcliilrd. Ha
Hon. S. S. Wallac«' tlien «
which he paid an eloquent
by Jews for ihe cause of
spoke l»riefly, and the exerfj
by the rabhi.
-k
TYPICAL MAHI
FHO.M A (I
MnnricHJ in Dutch Fl
iemher 13 [18G4], at tl
the Rev. Dr. H. A H.
Israel of San Franci.sco
both of I^utch Fiat. (Bi
The liehrew, San Francisco,
-k
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. . '^:^:.m'^K
A Synagogue For Trinidad
IV
and what is il in our religion? Nothinp less ihan ihe Law of
Moses, which has carried our ancestors from dark apes lo the
[ present day. It has [)rotectcd ihem from all danger and Iroulile,
it has been a comforl lo the coniforlless, a halrn to the afflicted
and strength lo ihe weak; so, on September 2, 1883, we |»urchased
a scroll at the cosl of $100. Out of ihis we read a porlion eveiy
Saturday, so that during every year the conlenls of ihe same is
read through; so, wilh the Law in our midsl, we had ihe hanner of
light, to which every good citizen should give Ins life if necessary,
for, withoul law, therc is no religion, and wilhoul religion ihere
is no moralily, and so wilhout moralily life would nol he safe.
*'In July, 1884, our congregalion was incorporaled under
the laws of this State, which gives us power to purchase and hold
property, so in Dccemher two and one-half acres of land was pur-
chased from the Masonic fraternily for a cemetery, hut yel a good
deal had to he done. We had a Sahhalh srhool to instrucl our
youlh in their religious duties, hut we found we were in need of
an instructor, so in March, 1887, Kev. Clueck was engaged as
our rahhi, who officiated in that capacily for two years. Afu»r Ins
departure, Rahhi L. Freudenlhal was engaged as his surcessor."
After Mr. Jaffa's history, Dr. Freudenlhal delivered an ad-
dress, and the archilecl. Kapp, ronfirmed ihr [)lacing of ihe slone.
Hon. S. S. Wallace ihen delivered an oralion, in ihe course of
[ which he paid an eloquent trihule to the value of the work done
by Jews for the cause of humanity. Hev. W. S. Blackwood also
spoke hriefly, and the exercises were concluded wilh a henediclion
by the rabbi.
•
•k
T\nC\L MAKKIAGE ANNOUNCFMENT
FHOM A GOLD HUSH TOWN
Married in Dutch Fiat, Placer County [California]. Sep-
tember 13 [1864], at the residence of the bride's father, by
the Rev. Dr. H. A. Henry [rabbi of Conj2:regation Sherith
Israel of San Francisco], J. B. Levyn to Hannah Heyman.
both of Dutch Fiat. (Buffalo. N. Y., papers pleaRe copy.)
The Hebrew, San Frandsoo, Septcml)er 16, 1864, p. 5.
Tif
19
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As yet, Trinidad had no official Jewish Congregation,
but on July 23, 1883, seventeen men met with Max Epp'
stein of Denver at the home of Sol Jaffa for the purpose
of organizing a religious body. They adopted by-laws,
naming the group "Congregation Aaron of Trinidad, State
of Colorado," in honor of Aaron, the father of the Jaffa
brothers, who had been a Rabbi in Germany Meeting
first in the hall, which B'nai B'rith rented, they moved in
1883 to the New Jaffa Opera House in the Jaffa Building
on Main Street, a show-place which incorporated a one-
room adobe building dating from 1858.
[The Trinidad Chronicie on December 8, 1889 took
note of the dedication ceremony marking the new build-
ing which housed Temple Aaron.] This new building is
still one of the special beauties of the town, rising on an
eminence at 3rd and Pine. It was built of brick and sand-
stone in the best VIctorian style, with a large lodge room
and two Sunday School rooms on the first floor, an audi-
torium seating 250 on the floor above.
ALLEN DUPONT BRECK
THE CENTENNIAL Hl STORY OF THE JE WS OF
COLORADO 1859-1959
DENVER, COLORADO, 1960
pp. 14M42; 143-144
Photographs courtesy of Paul May, unless noted.
Sanctuary, Congregation Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado.
I • iL '»^ ^
-•»i
Jaffa Opera House 1882, Early Home of Congregation Aaron,
Trinidad, Colorado.
\
Meeting Room, Congregation Ajron, Trinidad, Colorado.
References to members of the JAFFA FAMILY of Trinidad, Colorado
in Mountain West Pioneer Towry. by Hynda L. Rudd, Los Angelos, 1980
JAFFA
#
56
114
123
126
s
143
164'.
175
195
586
590
SABBATH VISITOR (Qlncl). . p. 350-51, July 17, 1885(from Trinidad)
Joe Ja ffa gave a philosophical treatise on science and
its application to the modern era of his day.
SABBATH VISITOR (Cinci) . p.l27, April 22, 1881 (from Trinidad)
SAMUEL JAFFA was the moving spirit behind the fourteen-
pupil Sabbath-school,
SABBATH VISITOR (rCincl) p. 391, Dec.9 , 1881 (from Trinidad)
Sabbath-school progressed, according to Mr. S. JAFFA.
AMERICAN ISRAELITE, • Mdrgh '24 , 1882 / :
The youth of Trinidad organized a group to collect
money for Russian refugees.
SABBATH VISITOR (Cinci) Feb.9, 1883, p. 87 (from Trinidad)
The Sabbath-school flourished under the direction of
SAMUEL JAFFA.
AMERICAN ISRAELITE, October 19, 1883, p.6 (from Trinidad)
lOBB Lodge passed resolutions in memory of Morris Leon.
SABBATH VISITOR (Cinci) March 21, 1884, p.l68 (from Trinidad)
Sabbath-school Student NATHAN JAFFA gave $5.00
to the Alliance Fund.
AMERICAN ISRAELITE Nov. 21, 1884, p.6 (from Trinidad)
Sabbath-school officors wore eloctod. Montofioro Contcnnial
Services were held. A YMHA was organized and named for'
Montefiore,
AMERICAN ISRAELITE Feb.l7, 1882, p.266 (from Trinidad)
SAMUEL JAFFA collected money for the UAHC's Edu-
cational and Agricultural Fund certificates.
AMERICAN ISRAELITE June 16, 1882, p.407 (from Trinidad)
A coUection of $ 24 gathered for the UAHC's Educational
and Agricultural Fund Certificates.
TRINIDAD
AMERICAN JEWISH YEARBOOK 9 (5668 = 1907/08) p. 141
TRINIDAD, 125 Jews, congr.Aaron founded 1883
Treasurer: SOL H. JAFFA, Secretary B(erthold) MANSBACH. 40 members.
«
Hebrew Ladies' Aid Society: Treasurer Mrs. SAM JAFFA.
Cemetery established July 18, 1874,
Congregation is a member of the UAHC (p,118)
AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK vol. 1 (5661=1900/01) p.209
TRINIDAD. Congregation Aaron, founded 23 July 1883. Pres. SAM JAFFA
23 pupils in Religious School. Hebrew Ladies' Aid Society, founded June 23, 1889.
President Mrs. MEYER .MANSBACH. Trustees include Mrs. SAM JAFFA.
JAFFA - MANSBACH
Notes from the records of the Trinidad Jewlsh Community
(Temple Aaron) in the American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio
The notes are arranged in the order in which the cited documents were studied.
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
vn
TRINIDAD DAILY CITIZEN 7 Dec 1889 Advertisement of THE JAFFA MERCANTILE
COMPANY, clothing, carpets^etc, also hats
(no date) Ad by A. MANSBACH & CO. , comer Main and Convent Street (special sal
of carpets, shoes. (on the day after the death of Jefferson Davis!)
in the same issue: story of the Inauguration of CONGREGATION AARON temnle
JOSEF JAFFA, President. '
Dec. 7,1889 A. MANSBACH & CO: "We lead, but never follow: Cur stock of
carpets consists of the best and choiciest patterns ever shown in the southern
part of this State,"
THE ENTERPRISE, 6 June 1878: MANSBACH & MAY, Boot and ShoeMakers,
"AH work promptly and neatly executed. Repairing done in
süperb style. Those desiring a NEAT Job - a substantial one,
can have the same executed in workmanlike manner by leaving
their orders with us at our shop on Commercial Street, in the
house formerly occupled by H.L. Preason."
JAFFA FAMILY FOTOS: include a negative of a portrait of SALOMON ELCHANAN
JAFFA (JAFA), ;. .iHQTthe grandfather of the Jaffa brothers)
also a fading portrait foto which includes grandmother Jaffa
and Meyer Mansbach and his wife Ida (Jaffa) with children.
(a negative and a print has been ordered). Date 7/189 7 .
also:Two very good portraits of the young Mansbach CQuple, 5x7 positives.
Notes from the termpaper by V^^illiam D. Rudolph, written Winter 1967
(AJA Box 1375), ütle: TRINIDAD, COLORADO: A SMALL WESTERN JEWISH COM-
MUNITY.
p.l Community started 3 March 1878 with the founding of the B'NAI B'RITH
Lodge 293 (29 Jewish males, mostly merchants, incl. SAM
JAFFA and HENRY JAFFA, Sam becoming its first President.
p.2 CONGREGATION AARON founded 29 July 1893.
p.3 SAM AND SOL H. JAFFA owned the Opera Hall, which was the first place
in which Jewish Services were held.
p.5 Ladies Aid Society of Trinidad was founded 22 June 1889, MRS. (IDA) MEYER
MANSBACH the first President.
p.6 Synagogue was dedicated Dec. 1889
p.7 Young Hebrew Library Society founded 1889
p.9 Tho best years of the Congregation were 1890-1893, . .
p.lO JOSEF JAFFA President of the Montefiore Literary Society, founded 1894.
p.15 By 1911 there were about 200 Jews livlng in Trinidad.
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^ been instructed to make true ansvver to tLe questions which he would be asked, made the followi.^
My name is^ ^^^^^-^.^^^^
cö declaratlon :
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p I am
t^M] years old ; I i^side in ^^..^i::e:5:Xf-.t£...:r_/
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§" ^ ^'"'^'^ -^^^ childien; I am in good liealth, and am not aware of having any sickness or
I bodlly inflrmity^ I Lave i'ead the Constitution of the Independent Ordeu Br^Ai Krith, and the
I
(R By-LaWS of..._.kl^fe<.r:<r::tr.::»....^>1^^
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Lodge, No.„_:?i^s>l___, and am willing to obUtrate
myself to observe the Constitution, Laws and Rules of tlic Order faitlifully.
g Finally, I deelare that I have txurintbofciiin 1)*[^^
2 Order Bnai Brith.
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^^DU^m^T
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January9, 1988
Dear Dorothy:
( )
^ ^^ ^ ^ terrlbly sorry to have had to delay wrltlng this latest report
on my activlties by two weeks, at least, thanks to my annual bout with the non-flu
(it can't be the flu since I take an annual shot, bd perhaps it is this shot that brii«s
me (town for a few days In most winters. I am line now but It is very cold outslde
80 I try not to show my courage (or foolishness) by ridii« around towi with my bike.
It has gotten so bad that I even pay some bills in town by mall, enrichine our lousv
Postal Service. I rather deliver the letters myselt ' ' * '
Now thea From Heinebach came ?reat news, as you see from the enclosure.
It took most of »«ember to sort it all out. More Info from places I never heard
Ol which my correspondent, a friend of oui- cause, dug up and copied. I in turn
translatad all the pertinent parte, since the Jaffa descendants of our time do not
know German. I think we now have reached "the end" but it surely was worth trying.
I want to comment on your letter of November 20, and see what is left to be tried.
OPPENHEIM: The place in Wuerttemberg is Affaltrach, totally unknown to me but
one of many such places that had a small Jewish Community (like most of them,
their personnel records were kept elsewhere).
u J™^***®^ * number of names and dates which lead me to think that you already
have BMD records. H not, it may be possible to obtain certificates as long as the
place and year is known. üsually the office having the records will sear ch one year
at no extra Charge, Problem is to find out which office to apply to for the records
3^u want«
HENRY OPPENHEIM: It can only be Strasbourg, France (formerly Strassburg).
because the other Strasburg is in what used to be West Prussia, and this does not
fit here. Strashmrg, "55 I heard, has a complete record of BMDs since the city was
lucky enough to escape great damage.
As to "other towns, it depends on whether a) they had a coi^regatton which kept
records and b) whether such records survived to our time. It would not do to write
in general times to any city, the only one which has records which can be obtained
* ?«S?^*, i#® ^*y ^® ***°«® *>' Pfungstadt (FUm # 870 555) which has BMD records
for 1823-1872 omy.
I found no records for Bebra, Fulda, Rotenburg or Hersfeld.
I have used Arnsberg's 3-volume work on Jewish communities in Hessen extenslvely.
but mostly for other places than those of interest to you, We donU have Arnold* s
Von den Juden in der Pfalz. Unfortunately, we also lack a complete list of Jewish
communities of the past in the Rhlneland-Palatinate area, and the list for Bavaria
(which I have) comes from a bock that exists only in Hebrew and has very small
paragraphs (and few names, if any) for all those communities. Not much help there.
If you would give me a list of names with place and dates Isr records of people that
you need, I will write for those recorda It is worth a try.
O
12/88
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATING TO
THE JAFFA FAMILY
-1-
c
^ w«?f %^®**®'' °^ ¥'; WUhelm Soedler, Beim Kalkofen 8, 6445 Alheim- Heinebach
West Germany, dated November 25, 1988) ^"it^im neineoacn,
I did not get very far with my initial enquiries in Baumbach the residente? fhprP
did not know whether there ever was a synagogue, How«verVdmt[oni iSorm^^^^^
received from the State Archives teils us that in he F^deriotof Ärmer
district Office in Rotenburg, under # 1436 for the year 1836, the buildin^ o? a svna-
gogue m Baumbach is mentioned, and such a syn^ogue is klso meSd in the y^ar
U^eÄer^e in ^^8?^ ^°'^*^'* '"' *^^ ^°'"'^^'' ^'^^^'""^ °^ Rotenburg, the foUowing Jews
Jacob Joseph, Rüben Levi, Marcus Joseph, Movses Levi Twho
?/TLti'°''^^- ^f / ^^i^'^T^'' ?^ ^ ^^^^ °^ l^"i ^ garden behind the^house (I so
1/4 acre in size) Joseph Levi, who owns a simple little house.
(From the land records of Baimbach (Baumbach B 1, tax tables).
Toi^^S ?^^.^^^^®,ä.:^" Baumbach 149 families (700 inhabitants) of whom 16 were
Jewish famihes (85 persons) They lived from commerce and trade (meaning thev
worked as artisans and mechanics) , and they have here a synagogue ^d for tt»e
Rr^l'*^^^^'*''^" *^t^^ '^ ^ «^h°°l of th^i'- own, but there il no cemett?y- the
Baumbach Jews are buried in the cemetery in Rotenburg. ^«"i^i-^ry. me
f In documents 407 and 408 (tax tabels) we have tax records for the vear<? 18?n t^d
mfifte^'^J^'' ■"''"'^ '" '""""™^'' '«^"-^5 ^ Vorsae'r^er ( = r^^rf ÄV- '
from the death r JcTrdrof SnS t^t^l^e»" Älsf =*' ""* '"'' ^^■^^'"'"^
1862, March 11 birth of LEIB JAFFA, son of BENJAMIN JAFFA
and of his wife JETTCHEN ROTHSCHILD,
* 1862, April 29: Death of NATHAN JAFFA, cantor, at the age of 73
years and 6 months, , , «g o
The'f«fJp7fl^?pnM^T^Tr^A"°* identical with ABRAHAM NATHAN JAFFA of Heinebach,
** 9Q 1 ^#"k "^ '^ ^?q9? JAFFAS son, who passed his teacher's examination held January
?nr thP «^hSj;r^^u'- ^1^ "^^^ was immediately employed as a fully qualified teache?^
for the school in Hemebach. No doubt he is a close relative of Nathan of Baumbach.
thaf fn^Mo ?hp%^,?°'"-'*^ °^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^' ^^s^^i^t Office Huenfeld, no. 296) show
tnat m 1830 the foUowing persons are mentioned:
SAMUEL MEYER HAHN, born 1753, married 1776, lives in his son's house as a
w^«fhn^n hi Mc^f-^ "f""-®.^ ' born 1790; married first, 1808, Meyer's dai^ter ELLE
Sn h/nVl '^ first wife, in 1810, and she is in service in Rothenkirchen. Meyer
^i^lS)^®/S^"^ and another daughter, all born between 1812 and 1829,
r\ ..fZ^l^^ (SAMUEL) HAHN is a dealer in fürs (or skins or hides) , and his real
( ) estate consists of a house. (the above is a literal translation of the entry under Hahn),
( )
12/88
JAFFA
-2-
C
MEYER (BEN SAMUEL) HAHN married first (1808) JETTEL ' HIRSCH
l^t,?'°ofi®'' °^ the future wife of ARON JAFFA, ELLE, bor n 1810 She was
really 26 years old when she married in 1836. Possibly her moüie^^^^^^^
at or soon after her birth, wherefore the early remiriaSfof Ä^^^^^
GOLDSCHMIDT: This name was found to be fairly common in the area acrordino-
* NATHAN JAFFA was born in October of 1788
rr^o J-^^^ %"fu *^^" °^ qualifying teachers in Jewish schools had the continuous
attention of the German authorities in many areas during the eaSv IQüi Sfrv
as shown by the many enquiries and inspection reporS ki reVo^i^arSiives^S
Äf \^ ^y l^^ ^^^*^ ?^ "^^^^" i" it« ^^Se colle^tion o? Jel^sh reTords atte^^^^^
to the effortsto prevent appointments of poorly-trained teachers- occasfonStf
one hears that a Jewish Community maintained a school ^th^or teachers wMnh
led the more concerned parents to enter their children irÄc^Chrfstil^)
u
12/88
(HEINE BACH)
JAFFA
-3-
f>
#1
#2
#4
# 5
# 6
( >
12/88 PHOTOGRAPHS FROM HEINEBACH
S^?4vi^^i®rfiH*^^ IT"'^ °^^^ *^^^^^^ ARON JAFFA,
Alter 1843/45 he lived in the apartment above the synagogue,
HiDuse # 86: owned by the Jewish Community.
opVsfte ^e^^ *^^ ''"^^^ °^ Heinebach. Picture no. 8 is showing the directly
Front View of the synagogue. The building in the rieht backeround also he
l?J!^t^ *°i^.! Je wish Community, as did the stables OrigSTis wL H^^^^
fh^iT -^l^ '* "^^^ ^.^^^' sometime in the latter part of the 19ü^ ceX'y to
the Jewish commumty, which used it as a home for the poor. Todav a
dealer m scrap metal lives there, as can be seen from foto # 5 and he
apparently leaves his stuff in front of the house, although a special olace
for it has been offered to him by the Community. ^""""^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ P^^^®
This is a truly accidental find, a rarity. It is actually a copv of an older
fÄ'e^^een mo '^^^^^^ °"^^'^^« K seeTs to have' teen
*Ä^Ä^^ - -ily see «.e old
rlre^l o^na 6? ^'^ '^^^' ^^^°°^- ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^-^"^^ Simately
e=gf;L4^^^^ «.l^ofH^e nriVfiÄ/^£?l?6T?.^° f.^ "°^^^
TnV;Ä^e^r^o^n%^rTlor'' ^^ ^°- 75 ceaLed to Jxist i^^n'^b^e^Hn^l
This is the house in which JUDA HEILBRUNN lived (no 55 1/2) Aft^r th^
\
A View frorathe Borngasse in the direction Bossenstrasse/Eisfeldstrasse.
To the right behmd the barn, is the synagogue, On the rear one can note
a number of old house numbers - cases in which the houses could be identi-
iied. You will see it if you hold the foto against the light.
The Situation gets a bit tough because, after the period of 1840/50 house
numberes were repeatedly changed, more so than anywhere eise in the
viiiage, It IS possible, but not provable now, that Aron JAFFA tried to
assemble a number of houses to serve as a Jewish Community center
which could be done through purchase and partition of neighboring houses,
House No, 83 is one of those, a house boughtin 1866/67 by the Jfewish
resident ABRAHAM KATZ, and which served as the home for his widow and
his son BARUCH (Ben Abraham) KATZ in 1900. The pictures no. 6 and 7
were taken from the garden of this house.
# 7
# 8
O
' 12/88
(HEINEBACH)
JAFFA
f
-4-
O
Sin "iw *° ^'^^ ^ ^^t^^ presentation of the relationships of the houses
tt^ ictlS-"^ ^^ ^ account of them according to the numbers of
(
# 9 1850 # 84 , 1904: 84 - 109
in 1835 a former house was razed and a new one built. In 1850/51
the widow of SUSSMANN LEVI SPANGENTHALS (? probably Span-
genberg) hved here, or eise she owned it, since she is described as
. Widow m Spangenberg. ^ i^^'^u uo
lÖ54/55l.iij:./ . ABRAHAM SOMMER, son of Joseföi, bought this louse
1861 It was transfered to JOSEF SOMMER (the son of Abraham) in 1861
# 13 This is and remained # 84 1/2
#10
#11
#14
#16
#17
# 21
#22
House No 86 later 85 (behind this house ran the old village boundary.
By 1904, this became No. 85 1/4.
In 1851, this was no. 85 6/8, owned by SALOMON KATZENSTEIN son of
Koppel. '
Formerlyabarn itwasno. 87, by 1850, no. 86, and was the Synagogue.
in 1904, jäxxaBismkxKKxM no. 88 in 1850 became 87 and w^prop(
of the village, but in 1904 it was sold to the Jewish Community
#12 A View into the Einfeldstrasse
# 13 See above No. 84 1/2
House no 23 Here lived ABRAHAM SOMMER and MINNA JAFFA in about
1900. Today, the house is being restored.
# 15 House # 33: ABRAHAM SOMMER H and JOSEF SOMMER lived here
A copy of an old postcard from about 190Q House # 33
Ipstcard from about 1938
# 19 The school until 1750, which was attended also by Jewish children
# 20 The general Grammar school (until 1837)
The Public grammar school until 1913. Until 1866, Jewish children attended it.
The Jewish school existed from 1866 to 1912. When the teacher SPEYER re-
ared, m 1912 the school was closed because of the low number of pupils (5)left
These and subsequent children attended the public school (foto #22)
'^K ® Pfr^rfi"^! (public) Grammar school from 1913 on. It had four classes, since
about 1978 it was enlarged to have eight classes.
C)
5
12/88
r
Possible Relationship
between Benjamin and Aron Jaffa
NATHAN JAFFA
Oct. 1788-29 Apr 1862
JETTEL
HIRSCH
"1
l
BENJAMm OD JETTCHEN
JAFFA ROTHSCHILD
ARON
JAFFA
LEIB JAFFA
1862-
T
SAMUEL MEYER HAHN
b. 1753, OD 1776
(in Rhina)
I '
Ist OD MEYER SAMUEL GD 2nd
1808 HAHN HAENDEL
b. 1779 Rhina b. 1790
J L
J
OD ELLE (Ist child)
1810-
r
ABRAHAM
NATHAN JAFFA
(Heinebach)
(
O
12/88
JAFFA
O
(
U.S.CENSUS 1880 COLORADO
(J 100)
ED 66, p. 25, line 48 TRINIDAD LAS ANIMAS
JAFFA, HATTIE, 7 years cid, lives with SOL JAFFA (daug^h?e'i''o'ftAMU^^^^^ ''''"'
ED 66, p. 20, line 44+
JAFFA, SAM 37 born Germany at Chestnut Street,
AMELIA, 33
PERRY, 13
LAS ANIMAS COUNTY:
JOE, 11
HATTIE, 7
IDA, 5
ELLA, 2
ED 66, p. 25, line 42+
born in
. Pennsylvania
) both born in
) Colorado
(listed2x!)
JAFFA, SOL, born 1850, 30 years, born Germany.
SAM,
AMALIA
PERRY
JOE
HATTIE
IDA
ELLA
37
33
13
11
7)
5)
2)
Pennsylvania
Chestnut Street
(brother of SOL)
(wife of Sam)
=c:'
Coiorado
Ö^T,";.,,,. NATHAN 16 b. Germany (Nephew?)
STEINHART, BERTHA, 20, b. Germany (Cousin)
ED 66, p. 25, line 49
JAFFA, IDA age 5, in Las Animas County, TRINIDAD,Chestnut Street
U. S. CENSUS 1880 NEW MEXICO, LAS VEGAS, SAN MIGUEL COUNTY
Southside of Public Plaza
JAFFA, HENRY N. ,
BECKY
BENJAMIN
WALTER
()
PITTSBURGH PENNSYLVANIA Directory 1869 (first time listed)
p. 224 JAFFA, SAM, dry goods, 60 Market St. , home 24 High Street
CENSUS:PITTSBURGH, and EBERHARD, PA 1870: NO Jaffa.(Allegheny County)
PITTSBURGH DIRECTORY
}fi??/j9 P- 9^? ^All^' SAMUEL, agent, 204 4th Avenue
872/?? lll ta??a't.o'^' "^7 ^°°^^' "20 Carson (Birmingham)
1872/73 249 JAFFA BROS dry goods, 1120 Carson, Birmingham
1079/^7.1 ^ JAFFA, SAMUEL, of J. Bros. ,
1873/74: no subsequent listings.
(no others)
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0 Jahren: Die Pogrome gegen Juden in Bebra
IIa HkUaclMr
batttmich-
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taOMltslie-
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jse voneinan-
[der Folgezeit
Rotenburger
Ick.
Demütigung und sinnlose
Von Karl-Hainz Riamantchnaidar und Datlaf Sialoff
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CMC BEBRAER 8YNAQ0QE in der Amalienstrafle. 1938 im Innern total verwüstet, wurde sie
Rotenburger Gotteshaus nach dem Zweiten Welttuleg wegen B^uttUigkeit abgerissen. (Repro:
|ing bAbeiw
wm
Juden ein. in der Nacht vom 9.
aul den 10. November. Diesmal
wurden v<m den Naxi-Gruppen
Mdbet 9itM. dan Wohnungen der
Juden barauageholt und ötfent-
acb «tti deaa Adetf-Hitler-maU
(heute Anger) verbrannt Die
WarenbeaUknde blieben ver-
schont Die Juden Hugo Oppen-
heim und Ludwig Levi aus Bebra
ao¥ie ein Jude aus Fulda wur-
den aul Veranlassung des Kreis-
lelters Braun In «Schutzhaft* ge-
noBBsett. OhppMÜiaim, 50 Pro*
aenl kriegsoBachAdIgt, wurde
kun dannrh wieder entlassen,
die bf4dep andiaran dar Staats-
poMiai oberoeben.
ten sich sogar die Schulklndf^i^tet aufs Ratl^aas gebrach'
an den Aktionen. Im Lauie deP'dort eingesperrt, uie Eir
8. Noveml)ers sperrte die Poli- tungsgegenstande der WoJ
sei die Synaanan vor weiterem .gen, Hauarat und Möbel
Zutritt in dien PrivathAuaern . mit Axtenroine andeieB
der Ifldisctien; FamHiea, k»B^ J^ teuf^ serschlagen upd
unterdesaei weiter su PhimpH die Penster a&'die Str<
rungen un^^. ZentftrungeiL Aul- worien. Die Fensterscheil
fallend war nach der Erinnerung GeschÜte %inirden sertrdi
einer Rotenburger Zeitzeugin, und die Waren geplüj
daB diejenigen, die bei Juqen Auch die Synagoge wurdi
hatten ansoireiben lassen, als;.''beschAdiflt und die Gerl
erste in die geplünderten G»*) ten auf die Strafte gewoi
schifte liefen, die GeschAftsbO- Die auf den StraBen
eher vernichteten und auf dieäa Trümmer wurden dann
Welae ihre Schulden tilgten. * mengetragen. an die
Die Pogrome zogen aic» olian- achattt und dort
bar Ober mahiefe Tage hin. in brannt' »
Hn4»m IMHl Ap% Landoericht« Zu MiBhandluneen der
r • t
^mü.
\i
Nr. 281
ROTENBURG-BEBRAER
ALLGEMEINE
Rwaie Simon, M^tt il T>ro56MMS4^
««'•r«n GaofQ BKk Mark 8 tJ? öM*r i tl?"^«*'^*«^ Schuh
Nort«rt
Oowol
DtoofUg. 8. November 1988
^^ jhl In Bei>r« alt auch In
Rotenburg gab et intakte iüdi-
•che Geipeinden. vor 1933
scheinbar in die Gemelntchaft
integriert. So waren in Bebra teit
1735 Juden In der Stadt antJU-
sig. Ihre wirttchaltliche Lage
war gut. xumal der getarnte Tex-
Ulhandel in Bebra in iüditcher
Hand lag. Ihre Blüteieit erreich-
te die Todiache Gemeinde im
Jahr 1905, alt tte 120 MitgUe-
der Uhlt«. 1924 wurde eine
Syjgjj.imclitel.ili dir Ama.
Die lödiache Gemeinde von
Rotenburg bettand Unger, tie
war latt to alt %«rie der Ort selbst.
Schon vom 13. Jahrhundert an
lebten bter vereinxelte Juden-
iamillen. Sichere Zeugnitte
S^*""!*^ W>ch ertt aut der
Zjjt dM |pi«hrlgen Krieget.
1 6r khtaa «w«i jüdische F^-
»ten In Ä FuktettÄlt. Gegen
Ende das IJ . Jahrhunderts be-
stand die Gemeinde aus etwa
300 Mitgliedern (daxu ist aller-
dings anzumerken, dafl die Zah-
lenangaben in den verschiede-
nen Quellen teilweise voneinan-
der abweichen). In der Folgezeit
Sing die Zahl der Rolenburger
uden standig zurück.
.Mitten in der Nacht bin Ich von einem Poltern erwacht
Draußen liefen lauter uniformierte SA-Leute herum Ich
erinnere mich, daß die Leute alle Fackeln bei sich hatten
• '!rJ^"I?*^®i" ^®^ ^^^^ gespenstisch leuchteten. Mari
zerstörte die Synagoge, so wurden zum Beispiel die Schei-
ben eingeschlagen. Anzünden konnte man sie nicht weil
man das Überschlagen des Feuers auf andere Gebäude
fürchtete" - Mit diesen 'Worten ehnnert sich eine Zeitzeu-
gin an die Geschehnisse in Rotenburg im November 1938
Die Judenpogrome gingen als .Reichskristallnacht- in die
Geschichte ein. In Bebra und Rotenburg kam es bereits in
der Nacht vom 7. auf den 8. November zu Ausschreitun-
gen gegen jüdische Mitbürger und ihr Eigentum - 48 Stun-
den, bevor im übrigen Deutschland der Terror losbrach
Vor 50 Jahren: Die Pogrome gegen Juden in Bebra und Rotenburg
Demütigung und sinnlose Zerstörung
VonKarl-Hainz Riamentchnaider und Detiflf s.«inff
Auftakt in
Kurhessen
Nach den Schüssen des
17|ahrioen Herschel Grynszpan
auf den Botschaitsseicretär Ernst
vom Rath in Paris bricht in
Deutschland eine Welle von Po-
gromen gegen die jüdischen
rcuieiu dui aie rMacni vom y.
den 10. November datiert. In
zahlreichen kurhessischen Or-
ten - in Kassel, aber auch in Bad
Herstekl. ßebra und Rotenbura.
!^f^** *^<>** bereiu in der
Nacht vo« 7. auf den 8. Novem
rmt SU AusschveiluncMn
wurden der UcherUchkelt
preisgeoeben. wie der Chronik
von Dekan Hammann zu ent-
nehmen ist .Angezündet konn-
te sie (die Synagoge) mchl wer-
den, da sie Wand an Wand mit
den Nachbarhausern stand.
Zwei rabiate Rotenburger Nazis
r .) schämten sich nicht, nach
der Zerstörung wie in einem Tri-
umphzug unter Mitluhrung ge-
weihter Gerale aus der Synago-
Se auf einer Plerdekulsche
urch die Stadt zu fahren, der
eine wie ein König auf seinem
Thron, der andere dis Kutscher
mit einer dicken Zigarre im Ge-
sicht. Jedesmal, wenn sie an ei-
ner Judenwohnung vorbeika-
men, rief der .Konig', sich der
Gotteslästerung scheinbar nicht
bewußt, den jüdischen Hausin-
sdssen zu: , Kommt her zu mir
alle, die ihr mühselig und bela-
den seid".
Viele Juden verließen Roten-
burg, sie ließen ihre Hftuser
ohne Aufsicht zurück. Sieben
MAimer wurden In Haft behaJ-
I Zeitzeugen
Juden zahlten
den Schaden
Hotonburg (me). Eine Gruppe
Kotenburger Jugendlicher hat
eine Ausstellung im Rathaus-
[pyer organisiert, die sich mit
dem Leben der Juden vor 1938
sowie den Vorganoen in der
.Reichskristallnacht^ beschäf-
tigt. Sie sammelten dazu um-
fangreiches Material und be-
fragten auch Zeitzeugen, deren
Aussagen einen Eindruck von
den Vorgangen geben.
Ein Rotenburger erinnert sich:
?AÄ-»**;° Itoött'miert wurde
(1024), konnten mir meine El-
tern keinen Konfirmationsanzug
kaufen; wir hatten fa keüi Geld
Da hat sich mein Vater einen
Anzug bei dem iüdischen
^hneider oeholt und ihn mit 50
Pfennig in der Woche abbezahlt
Das konnte er aber nur bei dem
Juden. Der andere, ein Christ,
der hatte ihn rausgeschmissen,
da konnten nur die Besseren
hin, die das Geld hatten Die Ju-
den waren auch die einzigen, bei
denen man sich Geld leihen
konnte. Mit denen konnte man
immer zurechtkommen!"
Eine Rotenburgerin sagt, mit
den Juden habe man vor 1938
friedUch zusammengelebt.
.Aber nach der .Kristdilnacht'
haben sich viele von den Juden
zurückgezogen, Abstand ge-
nommen, sie wollten dann
nichts mehr von den Juden wis-
sen. Vielleicht haben einige die
Juden noch geschützt, aber da-
von weiß ich nichts (...) Ich hof-
fe, daß die Deutschen aus ihrer
'^eschichte gelernt haben.'
Ein damals Ujahriger schii-
'^*. -•__•.
Geschichte gelernt haben.'
Ein damals Ujahrifler
dert die Ereignisse der Nacht ao:
.In den Iüdischen Hausem wa-
ren betrunkene SA-Mtnner su-
t
i
Nr. 261
DlenttAg. 8. November 198tt
VitUkKiMwgiprpii fttr dMi lMndlu9k% H«r»f«ld-flotM)buf« und dto Stidto ■•bra und RoUnburg 9owh äh
Kf«lhChm«M, HNA Q««chAru»l«<4« e«br« Für (k« Q«6mi« RoMMHiro-
Betor« Loinar QOM. HMA-0Mch«(t«»i9«t IwiurSSii?^^
AlhpWw, CombfB, MtnterilUMMn, nnmhiuim und WIILJ. ^
Do%irohl
In Bebra alt auch In
RoUnburg gab et tntakte [üdi-
•cba GeipeUuiem. vor 1933
■cheinbar In die Gemelnichaft
integriert. So waren in Bebra seit
1735 Juden in dar Stadt anUa-
•ig. Ihre wirtachaftiiche Lage
war gut, sunul der gesamte Tex-
Ulhandel in Bebra in jüdischer
Hand iaa. Ihre Blateseit erreich-
tn die Tadlache Gemeinde im
Jalir 1905. als alt t20MitgUe-
der UhUn. 1924 wurde eine
SyidtaM ivflcbM, U^ dir Am#-
Die lodiache Gemeinde von
Rotenburg bestand linger, sie
war fast so alt wie der On selbst.
Schon vom 13. Jahrhundert an
lebten binr vereinaelte Juden-
familien. Sichere Zeugnisse
Uswiiwm Mdoch ent aus der
Zajä des Aihrigen Krieges.
16^ la^HftwS l&lische Fami-
llnn InB Puldastadt. Gegen
Ende des 1|. JahrhunderU be-
stand die Gemeinde aus etwa
300 Mitgliedern (datu ist aller-
dings anzumerken, dafi die Zah-
lenangaben in den verschiede-
nen Quellen teilweise voneinan-
der abweichen). In der Folgezeit
Sing die Zahl der Rotenburger
uden standig zurück.
Auftakt in
Kurhessen
Nach den Schüssen des
lytahrioen Herschel Grynszpan
auf den Botschaitsüekretär Ernst
vom Rath in Paris bricht in
Deutschland eine Welle von Po-
gromen gegen die jüdischen
Mitbürger los. Das Ereignis, be-
kannt unter dem zynischen Be-
griff .ReichskrisUllnacht'. wird
allgeknein auf die Nacht vom 9.
aufden 10. November datiert. In
sahireichen kurhessischen Or-
ten - in Kassel, aber auch in Bad
Hersfeld, pebra und Rotenburg,
kam es iedoch bereits in der
Nacht vom 7. auf den 8. Novem-
ber XU Ausschreitungen gegen
tadüKh» MitbOrger >Mkd ihr Ei-
gentum. •»' • ' ' '^^
Warum hier die Synagogen
Mllreits verwüstet wufden.'alr
Reichspropagandaminister Jo-
stpbGoel>bels seine Rede, in der
V indirekt tu den Exsesaen auf-
forderte, noch nicht gehalten
hatte, dafür gibt es mehrere Er-
klärungen der Historiker. Die
einen vermuten .Selbstentzün-
dung" in einer traditionell anti-
semitischen Reflion. die anderen
fllauben an Weisung höherer
Stellen des Nazi- Apparates.
.Mitten in der Nacht bin ich von einem Poltern erwacht.
Draußen liefen lauter uniformierte SA-Leute herum k:h
erinnere mich, daß die Leute alle Fackeln bei sich hatten,
die ifn Dunkeln der Nacht gespenstisch leuchteten Man
zarstörte die Synagoge, so wurden zum Beispiel die Schei-
ben eingeschlagen. Anzünden konnte man sie nicht, weil
man das Überschlagen des Feuers auf andere Gebäude
fürchtete" - Mit diesen -Worten ehnnert sich eine Zeitzeu-
gm an die Geschehnisse in Rotenburg im November 1938.
Die Judenpogronr>e gingen als .Reichskristallnacht" in die
Geschichte ein. In Bebra und Rotenburg kam es bereits in
der Nacht vom 7 auf den 8. r4ovember zu Ausschreitun-
gen gegen jüdische Mitbürger und Ihr Eigentum - 48 Stun-
den, bevor im übrigen peutschland der Terror losbrach.
Vor 50 Jahren: Die Pogrome gegen Juden in Bebra und Rotenburg
Demütigung und sinnlose Zerstörung
Von Karl-Heinz Riamenscfinatder und Detlef Sielotf
WC BCBRAER 8YNAQ0QE in der Amalienstraße. 1938 im Innern total verwüstet, wurde sie wie das
Rotenburger Gotteshaus nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wegen B^ufalUgkeit abgerissen. (Repro: yey)
Juden ein In der Nacht vom 9.
auf den lÖ. November. Diesmal
wurden von den Nazi-Gruppen
ten sich sogar die Schulkind^«* tet, aufs Ratllaus gebracht und
an den Aktionen. Im Laufe des ^ dort eingesperrt. Die Einrich-
— -^,^.. B.Novembers sperrte die Poli- lungsaeyenstände der V/ohnun-
Möfael aus den Wohnungen der zei die Synaooge vor weiterepa gen, Hausrat usd Möbel wurden
Juden herausgeholt und öffent- Zutritt, in den Privathausem mit Axteiriind aodeten Werk
heb aui dem AdeU-Hltler-PIdtz der indischen Famfliei^ kam ^s
unterdesseh weiter zu Plünde-
rungen un^ Zerstörungen. Auf-
fallend war nach der Erinnerung
einer Rotenburger Zeitzeugin,
zeugen zerschlagen und durch
die Fenster auf die Straße ge-
worfen. Die Fensterscheiben der
Geschäfte wurden zertrümmert
und die Waren geplündert
wurden der Ucherlichkelt
preisgegeben, wie der Chronik
von Dekan Hammann zu ent-
nehmen ist. .Angezündet konn-
te sie (die Synagoge) nicht wer-
den, da sie wand an Wand mit
den Nachbarhausern stand.
Zwei rabiate Rotenburger Nazis
( ..) schämten sich nicht, nach
der Zerstörung wie in einem Tri-
umphzug unter Mitfuhrung ge-
weihter Gerate aus der Synago-
Se auf einer Pferdekulsche
urch die Stadt zu fahren, der
eine wie ein Konig auf seinem
Thron, der andere als Kutscher
mit einer dicken Zigarre im Ge-
sicht. Jedesmal, wenn sie an ei-
ner Judenwohnung vorl)eika-
men, rief der , König', sich der
Gotteslästerung scheinbar nicht
bewußt, den jüdischen Hausin-
sassen zu: , Kommt her zu mir
alle, die ihr mühsehg und bela-
den seid".
Viele Juden verließen Roten-
burg, sie ließen ihre Hauser
ohne Aufsicht zurück. Sieben
Manner wurden in Halt behaJ-
ten und zunächst im Obdachlo-
senasyl unterMbrackt, bevor
fnan sie am 1 1 .November nach
Kassel brachte.
(heute Anger) verbrannt. Die
Warenl>estande blieben ver-
schont. Die Juden Hugo Oppen-
heim und Ludwig Levi aus Bebra ,*.. ^^.»«^u«.u, uuu ui«; TTOicd Kcuiuuucii. fnniARlina- n*n KA^ooan^^^A
sowie ein Jude aus Fulda wur- daß diejeniöen, die bei Juin Auch die Synagoge wurde z.T. ÄdiiSieA Volk I^ BuÄ
den auf Veranlassung des Kreis- »'^»♦'»n ancA,roiK«n i.oc^« ^^ u^^-K^i^.^. .^^j'^^l /-„..„u_. «mjuaiscnen vout. im önndes-
leiters Braun in .Schutzhaft* ge-
nommen. Oppenheim, 50 Pro-
zent kriegsbeschadigt. wurde
Zeitzeugen
Juden zahlten
den Schaden
RolMibiifg (me). Eine Gruppe
Rotenburger Jugendlicher hat
•ine Ausstellung im Ralhaus-
foyer organisiert, die sich mit
dem Leben der Juden vor 1938
sowie den Vorginoen in der
.Reichskristallnachr beschäf-
tigt. Sie sammelten dazu um-
fangreiches Material und be-
fragten auch Zeitzeugen, deren
Aussagen einen Einaruck von
den Vorgangen geben.
Ein Rotenburger erinnert sich:
.Als k:h konfirmiert wurde
(1034). konnten mir meine El-
tern keinen Konfirmationsansug
kaulen; wir hatten fa kein Geld.
Da hat sich mein Vater einen
Anzug bei dem iüdischen
Schneider seholt und inn mit 50
Pfennig in der Woche abbezahlt.
Das konnte er aber nur bei dem
Juden. Der andere, ein Christ,
der hatte ihn rauKseschmissen,
da konnten nur die Besseren
hin, die das Geld hatten Die Ju-
den waren auch die einzigen, l)ei
denen man sich Geld leihen
konnte. Mit denen konnte man
immer zurechtkommenl"
Eine Rotenburgerin sagt, mit
den Juden habe man vor 1938
friedlich zusammengelebt.
.Aber nach der .KrisUllnacht'
I haben sich viele von den Juden
zurückgezogen. Abstand ge-
nommen; sie wollten dann
nichts mehr von den Juden wis-
sen. Vielleicht haben einige die
Juden noch geschützt. at)er da-
von weiß ich nichts (...) Ich hof-
fe, daß die Deutschen aus ihrer
Geschichte selernt haben.'
Ein damals 13)ahriaer schil-
dert die Ereignisae der Nacht so:
.In den Iüdischen Hausem wa-
ren betrunkene SA-Manner zu-
gange und warten alles, was
nicki alei- uad nageHest war.
zum Fenster i^us. Dte Nacht
vMn S. suB 9.* November war
große Gedenkstunde
_ , . eine große Gedenkstunde der
Die Judenpogrome des Jahres | Nazis; am 9. November war die-
1938 waren der Auftakt hir die
Endlösung", den Massenmord
hatten
erste in ^ ._
schatte liefen.'dTe Geschäftsbü-
cher vernichteten und auf diese
kurz danach wi^er entlassen. Weise ihre Schulden tilgten
Judenpogroma
in ^wei .Schüben
Die Ausschreitungen in Bebra
vollzogen sich in zwei Schüben«
wie aus dem Bericht des damali-
gen Bürgermeisters Seh wich -
tenberg an den LaiMlrat des
Kreises Rotenburg hervorgeht.
Der Brief findet sich in dem aus
der Flut der Veröffentlichungen
herauaragenden Buch .Kristall-
nacht in Hessen' (Wolf-Arno
Kropat, Konunission für die Ge-
schichte der Juden in HMsen.
Wiesbaden 1988). In dem
Schreiben heißt es: .Als am
7. November 1938 durch den
Nachrichtendienst des Deut-
schen Rundfunks l>ekanntgefle-
ben wurde, daß von einem Ju-
den auf den deutschen Gesandt-
schaftsral vom Rath in Paris ein
Attentat verübt worden sei, lö-
ste diese Nachricht überall Em-
I>örung aus. Gegen 24 Uhr zogen
einzelne Gruppen durch die
Straßen der Stadt und zerstörten
Fenster und Türen der Wohn-
und Geschäftshäuser der Juden
sowie die Inneneinrichtungen.
Auch das Innere der Synagoge
und der Judenschule wurde
vollkommen vernichtet (...) Die
Zerstörungen dauerten die gan-
ze Nacht hindurch an*.
Um Plünderungen der offen-
liegenden Warenbestände jüdi-
scher Geschäftsleute zu verhin-
dern, wurde später das Betreten
der .Judenhäuser" untersagt.
.Am 8. November 1938 gegen
10 Uhr war der polizeiliche Zu-
stand wiederhergestellt",
schreibt der Bürgermeister. .Es
sammelten sich wohl noch den
kan/en Tdß über Neugierige vor
den Hausern an, jedoch trugen
diese Ansammlungen keinen
demonslrativen Charakter. Die
in Bebra ansässigen Juden ver-
Ueßen zum großen Teil Bebra."
Als das Ableben Ernst vom
Raths bekannt wurde, setzte er-
neut eine Kundgebung aeden die
die beiden anderen der Staats
polizei übergeben.
Insgesamt wurden 20Get>au-
de (einschließlich der Svnagoge
und der Judenschule) beschä-
digt. Der Schaden belief sich
nach überschlagiger Schätzung
des Bürsermeisters auf etwa
120 000 RM, der Wert der si-
anschreiben lassen, alsr beschädigt und die GeräUchaf-
die geplünderten Ge* ten auf die Straße geworfen (...)
Die auf den Straßen liegenden
Trümmer wurden dann zusam-
mengetragen, an die Fulda ge-
schafft und dort öffentUch ver-
Die Pogrome zogen sicn offen-
bar über mehrere Tage hin. In
einem Urteil des Landgerichts
Kassel vom 26. Mai 1948, also
zehn Jahre danach, werden die
Vorgänge folgendermaßen re-
konstruiert: .Um nach außen
archiv Koblenz findet sich eine
Vielzahl von Namen Rotenbur-
ger Juden, die später deportiert
wurden - nach Sobibor. Majda-
nek, Auschwitz und Buchen-
wald. Hinter einigen steht ein
genaues Todesdatum« andere
hin den Anschein zu erwecken,
. ,. daß nicht die NSDAP und ihre
chergestellten Waren betrug Gliederungen die Urheber die- . »,, „.
etwa ^ 000 RM. Zu Mißhand- ser Aktion seien, zogen sich die stört und geplündert.
lungen ode" Körperverletzun- einzelnen Täter Zivilkleidung '
gen kam es dem Anschein nach an. So drang man auch in Roten- u. .i»,^«««««4h«^^ ^^
nicht. Mehrere Familien gaben bürg a.d.F. in der Nacht vom Kultgegenstände der
brannt ^„„«^o i i^c^uaiu
Zu Mißhandlungen der Juden geitenliüa yiuKhoik^
in Rotenburg gibt es keine Hin-
weise. Aber die jüdischen Hau- Der Schlosser Willi Gans zum
ser und Wohnunoen der Fami- Beispiel, als Feuerwehrmann in
lien Speyer, Döllefeld, Gans, Rotenburg mehrfach ausge
Neuhaus, Sommer, Brandes, - -"^ • • ...-,•
Katzenslein, Rotschild, Plaut
und Falkenstein wurden zer-
ihren Wohnsitz in Bebra auf und
meldeten sich polizeiüch ab.
.Mehrere Juden beabsichti-
gen, in Kürze auszuwandern.
Die aus Bebra aeflüchteten
männlichen ark)eitsTähigen Ju-
den sind, soviel hier bekannt ge-
worden ist, aufgegriffen und ei-
nem Konzentrationslager zuge-
führt worden", teilte der Bürger-
meister dem Landratsamt mit.
.Zum Teil kehren Familien nach
Bebra zurück, um (..) den Ver-
kauf an deutschblütise Volksge-
nossen zu tatigen." Das Schrei-
l>en endet mit einer Formulie-
rung, die kennzeichnend lur die
Denkungsart jener Zeit war: .Es
ist damit zu rechnen, daß samdi-
che Hauser veräußert und Bebra
in nicht allzulanger Zeit hun-
dertprozentig judenfrei werden
wird".
Menge skandierte
„Juda verrecke"
8. zum 9. November in mehrere
Häuser und Wohnungen von jü-
dischen Einwohnern ein. Samt-
liche Juden wurden dort verhaf-
Lüclierlicfikeit pre(sgegek>en
Auch die jüdischen Kultge __ ^
gensUnde aus der Synagoge Weltkriegs nach Amerika
zeichnet, kam nüt seiner Frau
1943 in Auschwitz um. Soine
Kinder dagegen kamen davon:
Die Tochter Ruth, die ebenfalls
nach Auschwitz verschleppt
worden war, und der Sphn
Ernst, der nach Buchenwald ge-
bracht wurde, überlebten die
Vernichtungslager und gli^jen
nach dem Ende des Zweiten
ser berühmte Marsch auf die
Feldhermhalle, und so wurde
am 8. Novembar von den ent-
sprechenden Organisationen
getagt. Dieser Abend war eine
Gedenkveranstaltung, die at)er
sofort in ein großes Besäufnis
ausartete. Und während sie tag-
ten, kam der Befehl von oben...
Und da ist man dann mit der
versammelten SA-Truppe in die
Stadt gezogen (...) Das .erste
Fuhrgeschah am Platze" hat den
ganzen Kram, der in der SUdt
rumlafl, aufgeladen und auf den
Wittich gefahren, und dort ist
alles verbrannt worden. Ein
paar Tage danach erhielt der
Vorsitzende der jüdischen Ge-
meinde eine Rechnung hir den
AbtransDort der Sachen. Die Ju-
den mußten also diese Schwei-
nerei auch noch selber bezah-
len.
Auch in Rotenburg kam es be-
reits in der Nacht vom 7 auf den
8. November zu Kundgebungen
gegen die Juden. Den erst kürz-
lich wiederentdeckten Auf-
zeichnungen des Stadtinspek-
tors Finke zufolije zog eine „er-
rejjte Meiuchfiunrnge durrh
die Stadt und skandierte .Juda
verrecke! Nieder mit den Ju-
den!"
An 15 jüdischen Häusern
wurden die Fensterscheiben
zertrümmert, die Einrichtung
«ci II uiiiuici i, uic l:iiiii(. iiiuiiy
der Judensynagofle vollständig EIN BILD DER VERWOSTUNQ bot das jüdische Gotteshaus in Rotenburg nach den Pogromnächten des
zerschlagen. Am Tage beteilig- Jahres 1938. Die Synagoge stand auf einem Hinterhof an der Brotgasse. (Foto: nh)
£ltktrüldchhjiid(.-l
Haustechnik TV Video HiFi
Bt'hra Tel 0 66 2? / 30 33
Vor acht Jahren gab ein in-
zwischen verstorbener Roten-
burger diese Schilderung zu
Protokoll: .Es hat auch die soge-
nannten Leichenfledderer gege-
t>en. Die haben sich alte Brocken
angezogen und »Dabbchen", wie
man in Rotenburg sagt, und ^ind
in die Wohnungen der Juden
gegangen und haben sich dort
neu eingekleidet (.. ) Für die Ju-
den wurde es dann immer
schlimmer hier, die sind dann
nach und nach weggeschafft
worden. Einige Juden sind da-
mals noclr abgehauen. Roth-
schilds kamen zum Beispiel
noch nach Amerika rüber. Döl-
lefelds hatten ein Grundstuck
auf der Hochmahle. Sie sind da-
mals von Haus zu Haus gegan-
gen, zu den Leuten, die sie kann-
ten, von denen sie wußten, daß
sie keine Judenhasser waren,
und haben sie gebeten, ihnen
das Grundstück abzukaufen (. )
Manche Kauler wollten den Ju-
den mit ihrem Kauf wirklich hel-
len "
Soweit die Schilderung der
Augenzeugen. Die Ausstellung
im Rotenburger Rathaus wird
am 9. November um 1 5 Uhr er-
öffnet.
«utwNMiM ucn aem ^weitn Weltkri«g w^a B^uttlligkeit abgerisMo. (RM>ro: y« ■
♦-» « 'J.
„ ^ wi: .iu>iium ttertualr
Alle, die Ihr mOliMllfl uod baU-
den leid-. ••«■««•
der Nacht vom 9.
November. Diesmal
Jden Naxi-Gruppen
lia Wohnungen der
lifleholt und öfient-
Aöetf-HMer-PlaU
^r) verbrannt Die
^e blieben ver-
luden Hugo Oppen-
iwig Levi auf Bebra
1e aui Fulda vur-
Jassung des Kreia-
|in .Schuuhait' ge-
>penheim, 50 Pro*
eschadigt, wurde
wieder entlassen,
ideren der Staats-
»uiedM
rurden 20 Gebäu-
llich der Synagoge
lenschule) beschd-
Ihaden belief sich
Uäglger Schätzung
leisters auf etwa
|der Wert der si-
Waren betrug
~-f. Zu Mißhand*
Körperverletsun-
im Ajischein nach
re Familien gaben
|tz in Bebra auf und
polixeiiich ab.
'uden beabsichti-
Je auszuwandern,
pra geflüchteten
[rbeitslählgen Ju-
il hier bekannt ge-
^fgegriffen und ei-
rationslager zuge-
teilte der Bürger-
iLandratsamt mit.
ren Familien nach
um (..) den Ver-
Ihblütioe Volksge-
ken." Das Schrei-
I einer Formulie-
Jzeichnend für die
fener Zeit war. .Es
Ihnen, daß sämtli-
außert und Bebra
«inger Zeit hun-
udenfrei werden
ten sich soaar dl
rrSSLÄ'I^Jl? 4.^n*?^ • ^^«^ eingesperrt. Die Elhrtch-
i^SL^iSL^U^ ^* '^^"- tungsflegensunde der Wohnun-
unterdesse» weiter su Wün<^ die Rwister abTdie sS^^
i^^d^^^^r''^^^'^^ worfenl£Ft?si^^^
illif r D^f ^^'^ ^^^ Erinnerung Geschäfte wurden sertrümmert
^^^^^^.^^^^^^rqer ZeiUeugin, und die Waren ^eSündwi
da« dieleniflen. die bei JuS^ Auch die SYnäoSa» wSrdSv T
i^i^i^^^^J? J*wen.^ beschÄ^^^^
S^hafi^i'V* «5P*önderten Gt^, ten auf die Srafc geJSrten ( )
Schäfte hefen, die GeschäfUbü- Die auf den StSiS UeflSL} J
WelJÄ^K'^?.""^!^^^ ^^ Trümmer t^?derdLilS^^
ÄToi^ Schulden tilflten. mengelragen. an die Fulda«-
Die Pogrome zogen sicloffen- schaß uÄd dort öflentSch vSr-
bar über mehrere Tage hin. In hrannf t "«""»^n ver
K^\ vÄa ^ W^S^^!'^ Z" Mißhandlungen der Juden
SS^U^^^^ ^ ^^T?» ^r" *«^ Rotenburg gibt es keine fSsh
Ä/.^/*i'*f'^'?' "^^'a^^^ ^* ^^^ Aber^die Jüdischen hSu-
ll^X^lJ''^S^^'^^^^'' r"' ^' ^"^ Wohnubgen der Fanü-
Ä^ a'i'c.t , "^""^ ^".^° ^^«^ SP«y«r. Döfiefeld,, Gans.
5ä^^"u^5?^\^,ä^*l'.?^«^^'^• Neuhaus. Sommer. ÄraSdS
daß nicht die NSDAP und ihre Katzenst^in. Rotschild pS?t
ser Aktion s^en. zogen sich die stört uiul geplündert
einzelnen Täter Zivilkleidung -h* irw*"«aeri.
Viele Juden verlteßen Holen-
bürg, sie ließen ihie Häuser
ohne Aufsicht zurück. Sieben
Männer irurden in Haft behal-
ten und zunächst im Obdachlo*
^ •^^ *°> J MSpyember nach
Kastei brachle, ^
. ^?J? Judenpogrome des Jahres
1938 waren der Auftakt für die
•Endlösung*, den Massenmord
am iüdischen Volk. Im Bundes-
archiv iCoblenz findai sich eliie
Vielzahl von Namen Rolenbur-
ger Juden, die später deportiert
wurden - nach Sobibor, Majda-
nek. Auschwitz und Buchen-
wald. Hinter einigen steht ein
genaues Todesdatupa^ andaie
geben als verschoUtn.
warftA alles,
«•< UMllMt
M iaiia.^)lA M
I rntnayB
an. So drang man auch in Roten- i7"i •
bürg a.d.F. in der Nacht vom *^u'tgegenstände der
8. zum 9. November in mehrere Lächeriichkeit preisgegeben
Häuser und Wohnungen von |ü-
i!l!ki'1"^^^°^°*^i^^'^'?. ^^^ S^^- A"ch die jüdischen Kultce-
Uche Juden wurden dort verhaf- genztände aiis der SynagSJe
Der Schlosser Willi Gans zum
Beispiel, ab Feuerwehrmann in
Rotenburg mehrfach ausge-
jeifj^t. kam mit seiner Frau
1943 in Auschwtts um. Seine
Kinder dagegen kamen davon:
Die Tochter Ruth, die ebenfalls
nach AuschwiU yerfchleppt
worden war. und der Sphn
ernst, der nach Buchenwald ge-
bracht virurde. überlebten die
Vernichtungslager und gingen
n^ch dem Ende des Zweiten
Weltkriegs nach Amerika.
Juden noch geschützt, «m«
i:«^ ich nichts (...) Ich
fe, dao die Deulsdien ans 1
G^ichichte oeierDt haben.'
Ein damals ISjähriger
der! die Ereignisse derNa»i ■
.In den iOdiachea Häimern wi
ren betrunkene SA-Mäuer
gains und warfen alles, w
sua Fenster
voü «. au« ,. „— jt» w
eine grolle Gedenkstunde d
Nasis; am 9. November war
^ berühmte Marsch auf %u
Feldhermhalle, und so wurd
amS. Noveiitier von den ent
•pw^rhenden OrsulaatkiBe
getagt Dieser Abend war
Gedenkveranstaltung, die
sofort in ein groAea Besäku«»
ausartete. Und während sie taa
ten, kam der Befehl von oben^
Und da Ist man dann mit de
vemauDellMi SA-Tnippe in di
Fuhi^iescbäk am Platse' haTdei
ganzen Kram, der In der Stad
nimlafl. aufgeladen und auf dei
Witticn gefahren, und dort Is
alles verbrannt worden. E
paar Tage danach erhieh d»
.Vorsitzende der jOdischen Ge
meinde eine Rechnung für dei
Abtransport der Sachen. Die Ju
den muBten also diese Schwel
nerei auch noch selber bezah
len.'
«erte
nburg kam es be-
jhi vom 7. auf den
p Kundgebungen
h. Den erst kürz-
itdeckten Auf-
les Stddtinspek-
|l«e zog eine ,er-
hunenge' durch
(»kandierte Juda
Tier mit den Ju-
BROCK
sehen Häusern
Fensterscheiben
lue Einrichtung " - ^^''^""""'""""■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■P"?''^'liir'':'^fti^JiLHH
Eliktfofjchhjiidtl
Haustechnik TV Video HiFi^
ßt'hra Tel 0 66 22 / 30 33
Vor acht Jahren gab ein in-
zwischen verstorbener Roten
burger diese Schilderung zul
Protokoll: .Es hat auch die söge
nannten Leicheniledderer gege-i
ben. Die haben sich alte Brocicen
angezogen und .Dabbchen*. wie
man in Rotenburg sagt, und sind
in die Wohnungen der Juden
gegangen und haben sich dort
neu eingeitleidet (.. ) Für die Ju-
den wurde es dann immer
schlimmer hier, die sind dann
nach und nach weggeschaift
worden. Einige Juden sind da-
mals noclr abgehauen. Roth-
schilds kamen zum Beispiel
noch nach Amerika rüber. Döl-
leields hatten ein Grundstück
auf der Hochmahle. Sie sind da-
mals von Haus zu Haus gegan-
gen, zu den Leuten, die sie kann-
ten, von denen sie wußten, daß
sie keine Judenhasser waren
und haben sie gebeten, ihneri
das Grundstück abzukaufen (. )
Manche Käufer wollten den Ju-
den mit ihrem Kauf wirklich hel-
len."
Soweit die Schilderung der
Augenzeugen. Die Ausstellung
im Rotenburaer Rathaus wird
am 9. November um 1 5 Uhr er-
ötfnet
16 September 1988
Dear John:
I tried to call you last weekend, but the lady who answered
the phone sald you were out of town, she didn't know when
you'd be back, and seemed generally annoyed by my call. I''m
sorry if I bothered her, but slnce you weren't there, I Just
wanted to leave a message.
First of all, I''m sorry to have missed you on my return from
Trinidad, or perhaps you never made it here after all? I
had a perfectly wonderful day in that charming town. I had
no idea it wa§ part of the NatM . Hlst. Register. The
people were warm, helpful, and hospitable. I took lots of
pictures, but didnn really learn too much that's
new... still it was fun to see Tempi e Aaron, Jaffa Opera
House, the Jewish cemetery, and to read some of the old
newspapers on microfilm at the 1 ibrary <a wonderful turn of
the Century Carnegie!). I really hope to go back one day.
I spoke by phone from there with Kathryn Rubin in Raton, NM
(15 miles away) who grew up there and appears to know of the
names and whereabouts of many of the glrls in the family. I
asked if she''d write it all down for me, and she said she'd
get more from her sister and do that, so I'm anxiously
waiting (FLORSHEIM & WHITEHEAD are among the names).
0
Meanwhile, I wrote to the Wertheims (see enclosures) who had
been there the week before asking about JAFFA genealogy, and
got the enclosed info back. VERY INTERESTING! The 1880
Census listing of Nathan as nephew now makes sense. So they
were brothers and a set of nephews! Now too we know more
about BenJ . in Fl, his sister and brothers, and what
happened to Aaron-'s son BenJ. who stayed in Germany (I
wonder why there were no records of him? I asked Marty
Wertheim where they lived). Also, we-'re now told that
Abraham Nathan, Aaron 's son who stayed in Germany, became a
abbi in Weisbaden. ( it would be great to find out more about
his 9 children). Maybe that 's something that can be checked
out and if true, 1 ike other rabbis he may have written up
his own genealogy. I wrote Marty Wertheim and sent a bit of
the info you had sent me, but also asked him a lot of
questions about other relatives.
What do you thlnk about the Spa in/Portugal comment by B.
Jaffa? Just family gossip, or tracable info? Sara was 2
years older than BenJ The First .. .unusual in those days.
Now that we know Heilbrunn gave the family materlal to
— ^Yeshiva Univ. Museum in NYC rather than Leo Baeck, perhaps
some new light will be shed when one of us Visits there.
I'm anxious to get this off to you
Looking forward to your comments.
so will keep it Short.
18 August 1988
Dear John:
As always, It was a pleasure to vlslt with you by phone the
other day, and I do hope you will make the trlp to Chicago
and we will be able to coordlnate a vlslt.
The material you sent Is of course most
interestlng. . .partlcularly the translatlon of the material
from Germany. The edltors of SEARCH would very much
appreclate an artlcle from you on the subject of thls source
of Information (I.e., other Jewlsh records for the town may
be helpful to those who search). I of course feel
tremendously fortunate to have you as an ally as your
knowledge, experlence, and language expertlse speed the
process for me! I shal 1 share some of thls wlth Alan
Spencer and Scott Meyer.
It^s terrlflc to have pushed back a few more years and a
generatlon klnd of llke belng Sherlock Holmes, hmmm?
Sorry to learn that Aron (why only one "a"?) JAFFA wasn^ a
rabbl after all — that would have made hls genealogy so much
more apparent. Ah well Maybe the muslcallty runs In . |
the family my grandmother, Julia LEVY LEVINSON was a ^o^^
volce and piano teacher untll her death at 85, two of my
chlldren are muslcal , and one of my couslns on that slde of
the faml ly Is as wel 1 .
One discrepancy arlses If ABRAHAM NATHAN was Aron's son
and taught school there 4k) 1866, who was Aron^ son Nathan
(b. 1863) who appears on the census at age 16 (1880) and
later came to such promlnence In NM? Could there have been
an<j[ Ab. Nathan AND a Nathan who was the father of ELLA and
G-father of Nathan STRAUSS?
Hopefully the records kept by Jas. HEILBRUNN will surface at
LBI and shed some llght on some of thls. But If I ever get
to Germany, we at least have the name of the cemetery where
many are burled and mlght that way trace some of the early
group .
I wrote at your Suggestion to Mr. JAFFA In Berkeley, and
recelved a «^reply by return mall. He Is most Interested
and affable, but has not yet found a connectlon. Thls Is
what he told me:
oss^*^
ROBERT EDWARD JAFFA
b 11 Nov 1935 Q San Francisco
Single
address: 510-B Pine Garden Lane
Sacramento, CA 95825
(916)925-4933
father;
EDWARD MOSS JAFFA
b.l3 May 1896 9 San Francisco
d.l3 Sept. 1965 9 Berkeley
m. 31 March 1931, SYLVIA JOYCE ROBERTS <b. 20
Jan. 1899 9 San Francisco)
occ : 1 awyer
father:
MYER EDWARD JAFFA
b.6 Oct, 1857 9 Austral la
cl.1931 9 Berkeley
m. ADELE SOLOMONS
father:
HENRY JAFFA
Edward M.'s sister AILEEN R.<b. 1900,dlvorced and resumed
maiden name)JAFFA is alive and livlng at :
1105 Wel lesley Ave.
Modesto, CA
(209)522-7710.
Bob says she and her two deceased chlldren (LARRY JAFFA
1923-85 8, JÜAN JAFFA 1925-59) had kept some records, but Bob
doesn't recall any matches. He says he will show her my
tnaterial and see what she says. Larry has a son, TOM
(b.'52).
There is a JAFFEE who Is a JGSI member llving in New Zealand
if Austral ian research ever comes onto the scene. . .af ter
all, as we have both noted, name spellings changed with the
wind, and though there are thousands of JAFFEEs, may be some
are related?
However, al 1
was Just to
heard agaln
the GOLDSCHM
my CONNELLSV
Weinberg in
there (thaf
PA.j You see
don^t dismi
of this is wild speculation and my purpose
thank you for what you've done. I have Just
from IVAN WOLFF in Phila. who is searching for
IDT/GOLDSMITH connection with BEBRA and possibly
ILLE GOLDSMITHS. Another researcher, Bob
BALTIMORE is check ing for info on the GOLDSMITHS
s where the parents of SARA 8. Henry lived before
, the concentric circles keep tightening so I
seemingly remote connections right off-hand!
On Sunday I leave for my long drive to Colorado with Susan.
I shal 1 leave her at U Denver to play soccer, Chat with an
old classmate of mine from Smith College, check out the
Rocky Mt. J. Hist. collection at the Univ. library, check
the Denver NAR for possible Declarations of Intent (doubt
theyil teil US much more even if they are there though),
then head south for TRINIDAD (weather and strength
permittlng). George SACKHEIM (a fei low JGSI member) has one
of his millions of cousins there, a lady in her 80s whom I
have written and will contact in hopes she may have known
some of the JAFFAS. Then I'll photograph what there is of
note, check in at the local library, and head for home
(slowly) In Order to take Susan's twin Amy to Cornell (In
Iowa) on the 31st.. In between, I hope you and I shal 1
tneet !
Perhaps there are mlcrofllms or other records from:
FRANKERSHAUSEN
RH INA
i^BRAUNBACH
BINSFORTH
I wonder If the OPPENHEIM might have been a brother of BenJ .
who married ROSA JAFFA??? That would make sense and tie
the two llnes together... Genealogists are such
speculators! I wonder too about all of these newly
revealed SOMMERs
Enough. . . I' 1 1 hope to hear from you when I get back (Frlday
or Saturday a week from now).
Incldental ly, LUCILLE OLLENDORF was the founder and genM
manager of Muslc of the Baroque which started on a shoe
string in the ü Chicago Community and has arown to national
prominence. She was traglcally killed in«auto accident on
her way home from the last concert of the season ca. May 30
198^ (we heard the radio on the way to the airport for
Nick'^s College graduation. . .that's how I can date it!).
Sincerely ,
V-S .
■^ wy\
\l
■'1^
mj.ä (yb^ii vi'/tt X '
ii^l o\^_ \\^«jkjvcf \>/5..-t. A. seJu^HiJU
)?
JOHN HENRY RICHTER
P.O. BOX 7978
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48107
Tune 10, 1988
^DebV -Mrs , Ne'sbltt:
) r 'O
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I regret the 'ibng^delay slrice my last letter to you, but time
is flylng by and I can hardly catch upo I wanted to answer your letter of May 18
^rnuch earlier.-TDüfYiow that I have all the enclosuiresj' in one^ place (I have afat file
of^"to be mailed-files/aftdone hä s ydurTi a me -o n lt.- As I try desperately to
resjiond'to the too mäny lettersl ke'ep getting (and keep cotnplalnlng when I don't
get themM ma-de u?>' my'little mind to r^spönd td allioütstariding mall this^week since
n^xt wöek I will by^off on another research /ufiköt. Twill no cloubt find something
^ ^ on thfe Jaffa fatnllyin Pennsylvania,, because I-will haveachance to see the 1880-1910
census records (in Ft.WaVne/ Indiana,- where It Is eäffler' todo it thari at the National
ArchivesV 'Since 1 will iShssthTougK Pittsburgh;i mlght stop there, either on the way to
-Washington-or else^ö^hthe Way back - because^lf I can nail down the Eberhard records
7there mlght be a'-fecord-öh riöturallzation of the Jaffas before they went off to Colorado
' Those records willlndicate^where they llvedlDeforelleaving Germany, which is llkelv
to be the cityDfbirth. '■=•-"■ ^ "■^- - -•• , - r- -t -r • .•-- .„,...,._ 7..^. ^
.(- -o r'- - o;/ ' '- -KASSEE'ls-hd^ thccitrof birthof the Jaffa. Büt the few Kassel
entries on the GSU microfilm revealed that the MANSBACH v^ o did live in Kassel were
-therö only since the r8413s "Of^o: they came from little "towns SW of 'Kassel, like MADEN
I wm-^pursüö thatline once I "have" the book 6n the7ews"bf Kassel, which Includes a
"Cöpy bf the entii-e I9th Century reciard of BMDs öf JeWs InKaSsel. By the way, there
-^was in fact an IDA lto\NSBÄCH,-a little girl who riöd as an^ Infant, and fora second I
thought sheltiay ha\^6 been a^' older sister of IDA MANSBACH -^but then I quickly rea-
lizedthätlBa Mansbach-wasCvf edufseboriilda Jaffa.. 'Tod' bad., or rather. fortunatelv
yi -Iibellevean the Mansbäclis, .v^hich I'guess' ddn^t Interest-you tpo muchi are sibllngs
of the same parents (who are apparently not in the filmed records). The Jaffa of inter-
-est to my relatives would be~the a nee stör s of Ida Jaffa -ofily, since she was the wlfe of
^ the-Mansbach whol^ö Mrs. Ndlsser's grandfather. - T did not give yoü her address since
I know she does not like wriüng letters and ha s no knöwledge^at all of her own about
"hergrandpärents,' sö^it would ndthelp you to äskad^her atoütthem. She was but a little
girlwhdn the Mansbächs movöd from-Detroit tö Califarnia, wherfe I -belleve both died, aJ
- 1 did noreven get a reply from her when I'asked wlien and where Meyer and Ida died.'
Itis no loss to the universe, but I would have liked to have those da tes because I am
supplementingthe'genealogical table showing her ancestry, I was more successful
with DRESDEN records, where her Heller ancestors lived for a while before coming to
the U,S, But that is a different story altogether«
AMELIA JI\FFA . It seems I goofed here: I do NOT have the maidenname of her.
BUT I have the excerpt from the Trinidad cemetery record which gives her dates
of birth and death. Not the family naeie under which she was bom. Sorry.
The JAFFA brothers were bom in HEINEBACH, in the Kassel area. I shall now
write to that place (German Offices are very polite and helpful!) because if there
are copies of the BMD registers around, I can have them send me copies of them.
I am not fainiliar with the Kassel area, but that's no problem because we have here a
beautiful West German atlas with every Uitle tiny town on it (PLUS their ZIP code!).
I am sure I will get something from there. It is my guess that the Jaffas took off
from Heinebach when they came to the US, not from Kassel,
^j
)
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GOOD NEWS: HEINEBACH records from 1809 to 1810 only ,are the QSU. It would
be doubtful but still possible that somebody was born or died in those two years,
who is a Jaffa, so I will order the film. It will come to Ann Arbor at about the
■j time J am back from my junket.(Tuly 15-or so).- j -•'-- -- •-
-I-am delighted to hear thatyou knew Lucille Halperin Ollendor^ff i I nevenmet
her, -and lam not close enough to Klaus to have evejr asked-hlm why there was a
"" divorcei I met the younger öf herisons-(who is-interested^n genealogy) and hinted
'--at the possibility that- the Halp,erin (the name derives from Heilbro^n, which had a
1- very anclent'Jewish comriiunity)- may have interesting ancestry, buti dq not know
r - whether:any research wasdone by hlm., -I am sorryshe passed away (what happened?
-r::Accidelit?) büt I llke to have the date of her c|eath, since ^he is on my family tables.'
^I-know the ^econd wife well (Rosenthal) , andil will see them later'in July or early
^ 'August if I can get away from here, and when I cometo Chicago I hope to have a
Chance to -get ixjgether with-youy tooj Seems thatrevecybody in the Chicago area
rknows, all my relatives' (The -second Mrsi Ollendorff llved next door- to the Neissers
when they lived in Highland Park. Edward Neisser Uves about 10 minutes walk from
-Klaus Gllenda-ffs apartment house.?-.^ (I don'rthink they know each other).
'■ , 'o- You mentioned Lucille as-^an active supporter of Baroq music^ whlch-interests
- -me very (nuch. Half of all my lOOOnrecords carrymusic composed before 1750, so the
- Baroq era.is not unknow^ to me. -Whendt-was small and süll -musicaily ©utstanding
cur Ars IVfusica (now intemationally known a^ndpraised) had my support. They are still
uexcellent musicians but have had -conslderable manage ment problems and-'changes in the
,ensemble,persoanelo . Ann Arbor is just the town for such high-quality classical music
performers (there is another group doing slightly different programs on modern insfrumen
- (Ars Musica uses-only period Instruments). ,Well, we have: to discuss that, too.
- - The Kassel ^book: I ha[ve ordere d;a copy,- despite :the high-: prlee, because I will donatl
it^:o our University Library^ once I copied all I need. You will of course-receive copies
if I find anything~B&relevantmaterialv:iKasse:l was the city in which Franz Rosenzweig
was born, whose-few close friends-included the painter -Lydwig Jonas > a-eousin of my
mother« So I hav^e two good reasons for interestin matters relatingto Kassel (Rosen-
■^weig's ancesfry is onrecord).- Yes, I will have a look at thebook if -LC has its copy
-on the shelf already. •■ '-.- "' -•■ - sr..^ - • , ^. ._..•.,, .,.^ ^^ ^,- ^, _. ...
'''- — - " ".".•'- More-when I^^et back from my trip (after July 15);
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PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE ALL INFORMATION
Relative,
! am very interested in gathering our tamily history and would
be most appreciative if you would kindly fill in
as many of the
Dianks below as possible. Do not worry about research - just send -^^^^C l^C^f^T/l^ c/u^
(Your name in füll)
Birth date
BIrth place
AAarriage date
Where married
(Your wife or husband)
Birth date
Birth place
Piease check the sources for
the information given:
Marriage certificate □
Birth cerfificates □
Cr^urch records Q
Written farriily records □
Memory only □ Other
source- iplease list).
(Your father's füll name)
Birth date Jiyf f\ C Vi, i^i:^
Birth place /C/ ^a*
Marriage date ^
Where married
Death date •
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
me what you know. I do not expect every blank to be iilied in,
but each item filled in will be of great value and help to me. 1
have some Information on the family and would be glad to ex-
change with you if you
should oesire it. The ad-
dresses of your married
children, brothers and sis-
ters, and others of your liv-
mg relatives which you
might have would also be
of great value to me. Thank
you for your interest and
help.
Sincerely,
Vr 7;/<73r
^<r
A
f^
/
HctcA TCi/ffx
(Your mother's maiden name)
Birth date ^a'^ lOj^C^ip
Birth place 6C^n^c,r\
Death date
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
r^
(Your father's father)
Birth date 1^ C )
Birth place <^ ^/>^i4 ^^ -^
N\^xx\^q^ date
Where married
Where died j , / '^ i^ ^
Burial date ^^'"-^^^^^^ <.'3
Where buried
.)
y^t(^dcA.
(Your father's mother)
Birth date ti'll
Birth place ^^rTH^^A?^
Death date /f <Y*Y i^J
Where died
Burial date
Where buried
i.nt l^J
Hör (iL vTc^ ff^
(Your mother's father)
Birth date lj^7t
Birth place ^<Trf>\^^*^
Marriage date '*
Where married
Death date ^9^i
Where died fLiC^^r hj^
Burial date " ' ^ '
Where buried ficcl^ <uit^ aJU
l^(^r^. UoiiacA
(Your mother's mother)
Birth date ''i^V
Birth place Gcr^^r^^y
Death date /f ^0
Where died flccA^J^trr A^V
Burial date /9id
Where buried fl-lC^t^K^
(Your grandfather^B&T
Birth date ^^
Birth place
AAarnoge date
Where married
Death date
Where died
her;
(Your grandfather's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date *
Where died j^
(Your grandmother's father)
Birth date
Birth place
AAarriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
^ e^ji,
/>\ I /^
Jc/C
t^
r^^^h ^,^
(Your grandfather's father)
Birth date (^
Birth place
AAarriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died U/T
Le^ct
(Your grandfather's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's father)
Birth date
Birth place
Marriage date
Where married
Death date
Where died
(Your grandmother's mother)
Birth date
Birth place
Death date
Whpre died
^
7AFfA
7 3 3 3 D o Hl i n i r| 1 1 e V r i v e
Dallas TX 752.14
September 6, 198*3
^^t^
iV«.
*
Deiin Dorofhy,
Beincj a newcon.er at th« geneaology game, I found it interestin
t:o receive your letter.
My M.otlier's n.aidon name was Helen Jaffa (Helene in German ) . Her
brotJiRr was Beiijainin Jaffa who lived in Lake Worth, FL until he
pa<Bsed away in 1983. Ben had an intenesh in Jaf f a' fami ly
Uiutory and wrotf... "The Jaffa Story" (copy enclosed) around 1980.
Helen, Ben, and aiioth^r brother, Herber-t (now Eli Yoffe of
Hdlon, Israen w..-re thf- children of Morit? and Flora Jaffa.
M(jf-j.t:.- was the youngeat son of Benjamin and Lea Jaffa. Benjamin
and l.ea had four sons: Harry, Nathan, Joe, and Moritz; and one
da.ujltte.', Julia. Nathan, Harry, and Joe emigrated to the U.S,
whil(.; Mor'il s remained in Gerniany. '
Your c::h,.vrt ahows Nathan ^xyu\ Harry as <>ons of Aaron Jaffa. They
f,linuJd I.,f shown a-, sons of Benjamin, ijrand^ons of Aaron. Th i s
ge-lv, ro,,fuo:ng b.-cauBw Aaron did have a son nan.ed Nathan who was
a Ralibj. myü roaiained in German y,
Other than these minor differences, your chart is remarkably
(,(>nsj-.tr«nt with "The Jaffa Story." But where does Rosa Jaffa
fit i{\ with all this? Wa-^ she a sister of Aaron?
I locjh. Tarvi.^t-Ü \.o receiving any additional informaLion you miqht
Ita ■ e.
j I i(.:c'r c'ly ,
M.u ty Wer I tnnm
•r T»
•^ -mM^ttmmtmmmm
mm^n^'—^mm^r^'m'» •->Hnw-
<^m
A Guide to the Jewish Rockies
COLORADO • MONTANA • WYOMING
by Amy Shapiro
illustrated by Margaret Johnson
The Rocky Mountain Jewish Historical Society
Center for Judaic Studies
University of Denver
1979 • 5740
A Guide to the Jewish Rockies
COLORADO • MONTANA • WYOMING
El
by Amy Shapiro
Rocky Mountain Jewish Historical Society
> '■^L.-t'r -■■■ :* • •\.
■i
see Chabad-Lubavitchof Colorado
Hachnasas Orchim of Agudath Israel
Talniudic Research Institute
See also HIGH HOLIDA YS -
ISRAEL STUDY TOUR
KOSHER MEALS
PROJECT OUTREACH
TRINIDAD, Colorado, has an extraordinarily tiny, tenacious-and wealthv
Jewuh conimunhy. The Tust settlers came before 1870. in suff' L" nl:
bers to form a High Holiday min-
yan by I87I. In 1878,B'nai Bnth
Lodge 293 was chartered with 29
membcrs. Aboul 25 families, most-
ly from Germany, organizcd tlie
reform Congregation Aaron in 1883
and soon establisfied a cemetery.
In 1887, the members contributed
heavily to bring in a rabbi and buy
land für a building. Two years later,
the congregation dedicated Templc
Aaron and welcomed Rabbi Leo-
pold Freudenthal, holder of a
doctorate from the University of
Heidelberg. The temple is still in
use. Rabbi Freudenthal served the
congregation until his death in
1916.
With the coal boom of the 1920s,
*^^ '^cn . ^^^ Jewish Population reacheH
haTks o'th^Ur ^"-"f!^,^- T»^« '-P'^ howev^r.'was linaäd.
cnire iortune-5400,000-to the congregation, making it one of the richest
. 'IT'^- ^''^^'"^'^ Foundation funds have gone to serWce club
Auu^ l^'^f'"' ^°'"'"""i«y «nters and churches of 24 deno^ina ön '
AI hough their numbers have shrunk considerably. Trinidades JevTpaTc"
pate actively in the temple, Hadassah and B'nai B' ith In 1979 he K?.'
emv^FTlda/"""'^.^ ^^""^ ^'^ ''r '^^'°". New Mexico) sS^ts pp d
every Fnday weather permitting" at Temple Aaron, making it the oldest
Colorado congregation outside Denver,
see also B'NAI B'RITH
CONGREGATION AARON
CONGREGATION AARON CEMETERY
HADASSAH
:!A:
.•<Jt=
Temple Aaron, Trinidad, Colorado
.•I
*••.*;•
vi
164
Speakers and films on the Middlc
:iist posters, buttons and stickers.
TER
/ISH AFFAIRS began in 1978 as
• Anti-Defamation League to aid
the U.S.S.R. and the Arab coun-
»N COUNCIL OF DENVER
EWISH LIFE works primarily to
jrs ($5 hfetime fee) sign a state-
ittee will help the family arrangc
..l
H STUDIES offers a varicty of
I . Classes meet Monday evenings
igh School, 7125 Cherry Creek
ition
see also CENTRAL AGENCY FOR JEWISH EDUCATION
EDUCATION
roMMUNITY KOSHER SERVICE sells fresh kosher nieat and frozen
r .her poultry et wholesale cost plus 5 percent. Orders must be placed in
Hv-ince Deliveries are made free to westside Denver and elsewhere by
rangement. Otherwise, Orders may be picked up in the Congregation
Rodef Shaloni parking lot every third Wednesday .
3234 W. Alameda Ave.
Denver 80219
935-0706
Max Lerner, owner
see also BUTCHERS
KOSHER
CONGREGATION
see Congregations
CONGREGATION AARON
Reform Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1 1 families, Services
Fridays' Sisterhood. President Bea Sanders (315 Spruce St., Trinidad,
Colorado 81082, 846-3 193).
304MapleSt.
Trinidad, Colorado 81082
846-278 1
see also CONGREGATION AARON CEMETERY
CONGREGATIONS
TRINIDAD
CONGREGATION AARON CEMETERY, containing about 150 Jewish
graves, is part of the Masonic Cemetery west of Trinidad, Colorado. Since
the 1880s, it has belonged to Congregation Aaron. For information:
Bea Sanders, congregation president
315 Spruce St.
Trinidad, Colorado 81082
846-3193
Masonic Cemetery Association
Trinidad, Colorado 81082
846-2723
see also CEMETERIES
TRINIDAD
45
•s
• 0(>\
On the Santa Fe Trail
'^.
edited and witlr
an introduction by
Marc Simmons
University Press of Kansas
^^
Introductil
When Missouri woni
only a ftiziy idea of
Pacific. Furtrappers
prairie, the desert, a^
sponded with little
wpodlands of the Easl
Santa Fe, capital ol
Americans were not
across the intematioi
usually landed in a
retuming home, they
that had ready market
pierce the barriers th;
Actually, the S\
lern, by casting off
independence for th(
opening the northern
Becknell, a small-busi
on competitors by
September, even bei
confirmed. His arrivi
his mules loaded withl
tion of the first succesj
launching of the long
Some picture of
gathered from an edit(
Intelligencer, the first
St. Louis: *'The inlan<
is increasing rapidly.
I* • 1,
Sfungenberg
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I
[\.'ast;«r
March 11, 1988
Dear Dorothy:
my thank« for your letter« the prlntout and the photographs, whlch,
unfortunataly, »how none o£ the ])iffas of intereat to my end of the research, since
I hava nelther reason nor ttme to get Involved in the descendence of all the many
Btaffas, interestlng a« «oxne of thelr storiea may he, My time Js Umlted and my
intemut must stay wlth the Mansbach part of the htetory, thelr ancestors, mosUy.
While also engaged In an Interesttng type of reaearch on famllles who Uved In
my old hometown (Berlin, Ger many (we have communal records fron» 1812-741) I
dlscovered a Mansbach v/ho marrted aomeone In Berlin: hls hoeetown was: Kassel.
SJnce I iMd alrMdy orderad the records of Kassel (untU around 1860 It was spelled
Cassel) , 0n order to get data on the Jaffas, I will of course now also look for
evidence of the Mansbachs. If they both knew the falnllies in Kassel, it would ex-
plaln why Meyer and hls farothers caaie to Trinidad. As I scanned various sources,
I wondered why anyone would want to settle so many mlles firom nowhece. Why Trinidad,
since there were many othar places where pioneer merchants could have done well.
It tums out that the little town of Trinidad was the end of the stage coach line from
St. Louis, Mo. The Santa Fe trall went on further South, but apparently the J^ffos
who got there first decided to stay in Trinidad, and sort of invlted the Mansbach
farothers to come and settle there, too. I know that Meyer came froro Pennsylvania
(as dld the Jaffas) and ono of hie brothers mairled a lady from Philadelphia na«ed
Weil. Posslbly the Mansbachs moved from Philadelphta at the recommendation of
the Jaffas. The Kassel records may teil more.
To yow letter: Vv'ell, discrepancies are allover, espe«lilly when it comes to census
records - insplte of the fact that aome residents actually had birth certificates and many
(surely hy 1900) had naturdlizatton certificates, which would have given the rlght data,
few pcople seems to have checked thefr documents (after all, all Immigrants came jto
America with a passport whlch ought to have given the rlght dates of hlrth and mairlage,
etc.). Your gueas is as good as niine, anytime.
NEISSER: Well, Ed Is my cousin via my greatgrandmother Clara Neisser Richter, who was
a aüece of Edwards greatgrandfather Bernhard Neisser of Watartown. The familles dld not|
know each other and I have no reason to think they even corresponded, but I traced
all the descendants of Bernhard whlch tumed out to be another chapter in the histcry of
Jewish plonew merchants from Germany (in this case, Sfflribia.
Edward is a good friend of mine and an enthusiastlc supporter of my research (still
not finished, and I hope to do some research for his wife's ancestry,too. I see Ed
every time I pass through Chicago (next time posslbly in late May), Richard Neisser,
the Jaffa-Minsbach descendant, is EdiMatf s nephew, the oldest son of hl» hrother Carl
in California. I was reluotant to give you Rick's address since I know he would be
unable to contribute informatton about his mother (Patricia Mansbach Neisser) and her
ancestors, since there was initially littie interest in my various discoverles, but RMk
is deftnitely interested in what I dig up - it's all news to him, but welcome news.
If I can manage to get to California again later this year (fall,perhaps) I will vlslt them
-2-
Win. The parents Uv« in Newport New«, Richard in Costa Mbaa (Richard C.
Neleser, 2231 Pomona Avenue, Costa Meaa, Calif. 92627. They, in tum, Uve
just a few dojsen ntfles flrom the ho«e of my rieh son (Mission Veljo), so I hope
he can spare a fcw mlnutes of bis valuable tlroe to take me over to meet hls very
dlstant Cousins while I am in the neighborhood.
/
Solomon Elctonan Jhffa is a relative of the immigrant «jeneratlon, but how I do not
know. He will be hard to find: the census Indexes Ust only the heads of households.
TJ^LZTll^TuT"^'' f*^ f "'*"* *^* ^'"^^'^ members, Includlng those who have
a dlfferent naeie (llko in^laws) er ara reiativefl Uving wlth t!iem. Although those «nay
have tihe saece f«mlly name, they do not have Index cerds of their own. Ho^ever. there
can t be thousands of Jaffas m any index. My gues^s Is that he Is an u«cle or so who
"^as known to the Iramigrant Jaffas but who llved and remalned in Germany. Maybe he
will Show up in the Kassel records. I will copy ALL data on ANY Jhffä I encountir.
and \*;o cfln flgure out v;ho'8 who later. ^^
I know I only made notes on the early arrivals, since my focue wes on Ida Jaffa and
her ancestors, prlinarlly. Tt le good to know you wrote to -»11 those current Jaffas,
the chancep are always that one of th«m a^iy catch fire and reepond positively.
I will try to see The Jewlsh experience In Western Pennsylvania when I am in Pittsburgh.
early in May, since their public Ubrary probably has a copy. You also mentiona d a
book about the Hfcttory of the Jews in Vvestern Colorado (not Breck's work whlch I have h
soan and URed), l>ut I can't locate a copy unless I knmv the author*3 name, At LC
wh«re r v4n agaln spend some Urne Jn June, I would not need hisAer naece, since
LC has its huge dl«tionary catalog whlch Includes üstinga by subject. The National
Union Catalog (of works publlshed through 1956) is strictly by author entrles only.
I am afraia I won't go into the Goldschraldt and other in-law families. Just don't have
the ttme. I will ask Rick whether he would like to have the photos you sent me, and if
not, I will return them to you, as I do not need them. I doaappredate very much your
wiUingness to snare them v4th me, but I can't do anythlng with them, as you aee.
I am sure some If not all of the Jaffas in pubUc Ufe are mentloned in my late Mend
Bernard Postal s compllatton on Jewa in the U.i5. (3 volueies), but we only have vol. 3
so . have to weit tili I go east again. Never hurts to check anythlng one can lay one's
paws on.
I thlBk Marschutz la Edith 's second aranrlage's name. Sh© gave all the fotos
*°..l w f ** "°* "^"^ ^®^®* ""^ *^® ^^^'^ ^""^ ^^ Manebach fotos , nor that of AmeUa
with her daughter and gmnddeughter, but the negatives whlch I purchased are wlth the
positives m the äJä folders on the Jaffa Samlly, and they will be happy to make yo«
prints. They are ntyt expenslve now since they already have the negaüves.
I will giadly make you coplea of tl»e three photographs of the Jaffa mayors, Uke I did
for Richard (who has not seen them yet). We have a machlnc here that can enlarge
tiny Photos to any wanted size, so a reasonably good 5x7 for each mayor is easlly
produced (and cheap, too. Don 't won-y about "expenses, ").
The Prtntout: One dlscovery whlcli needs elaboration: You have SAMUEL JAFFA and
Sfj;^^**' T^ *• ^•**** "^ ^^"^ ^'^^^* ^° y°« ^^"^ «»* her nalMnname was also
JAFTA ? which vrould mean ehe was a cousln (first or sea>nd) of her husband. Agaln,
the Kassel record« might teil, If they mamed only after 1878, they must have marrled
in this oountry.
-3-
• nr
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I wtil Boon wrlte to Patricia Mansbach Neisser, who after all is your oouslnttoo,
mlna (mly by marrlage, to find out the missing data about her aunt^etc» I am not
sure aha knows, apparently thore was Uttle connectlon with the Mansbach famlly
by the tirr^ Pat was born (and raised) In Detroit«
'f^
T
i. ^»
1'*
y rP -"^ft *-r ' »•« f VT r*.M '^ m^ f .*
In these prlntouts, the marrled woman should alv;ays fhow up under her maffiien-
namo« I also noticed that there ^.re no dr.ta for tbe spouseifj. I-dc hope that the
Jaffas Bt^.yed in Eberhard, Pennsylvania, until 187h bo they vrould be found in the
1870 Censüß* We shaÜ J^ee; ,
T (>
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The Earliest W esterners
the Celebration of Kosh Hashonah and Yom Kippur, which came in
September. Two members of this congregation had made the trip
trum E izabethtown, New Mexico, about 60 miles southwest of
Trinidad. Others included Isaac and Alexander Levy, Henry and
^ol Jaffa, Abe Mansbach, Henry B.ernbaum and Maurice Wise
Two brothers, Henry and Sol Jaffa, took turns reading the first Serv-
ices. Together with their brother Samuel, they had been born in
Heinbach Hesse-Kassel, the sons of Aaron Jaffa, in the late
Eighteen-forties.
Henry and Samuel moved in 1862 to Keokuk, Iowa, and were
joined by Sol in 1865. Henry Jaffa moved west after the Civil War
enter.ng the firm of Henry and Marcus Biernbaum, a general mer-
chandise firm in Mora, New Mexico. When Henry Jaffa took
Charge of H. Biernbaum and Company in Trinidad, Sol followed
him and set up a small störe which he rented from Fr. Munnecum
pastor of the local Roman Catholic Church.«"
Business was good for stores supplying travelers on the Trail
and provisioning the wagon trains and migrants who were slowly
trickl.ng into the vast watershed of the Arkansas as farmers and
ranchers. In September, 1871, Henry and Sol Jaffa opened the
general störe of "Jaffa Brothers" at the corner of Main and Com-
mercial, catering to a population of 1500, of whom 1000 were
Spanish-Americans, the rest Yankee easterners.
By 1872, the town of Trinidad was very much alive, filled on
week-ends and holidays with cowboys attracted by the opportunities
for gambling and drinking which a wide-open frontier town afforded
During that year Samuel Jaffa joined his brothers in business in
the first of a number of stores which the family owned in south'ern
Colorado and New Mexico, including the "White House Commer-
cial Company." Samuel represented the Jaffa family in political
matters, and in 1875, when the Masonic Order was established in
Trmidad, he became a charter member."' The first meeting room
for the Order was supplied by H. Biernbaum and Company in the
200 Block on West Main Street. By 1876, Trinidad had become a
busy residential and commercial center, and on February lOth the
Territorial Legislature incorporated the town. As president of the
first Board of Trustees, Samuel Jaffa served as Mayor, and Isaac
Levy and Abe Mansbach became trustees.
Between 1871, the date of the first Mhtyan, and the founding of
50
■'
A Narrative History by
Marc Simmons
University of New Mexico Press / ALBUQUERQUE
(1?Z-
Chapter 9
,!
removalbillamountedtothousandsofdollars Yet in rh^ i«
money was well spent. In che final years of the centü^ A,h?* """ '^''^^
abandoned the campa.gn as hopeless.« ^' ^'^"^"«^'^ueans
.n^ ^^^^?74^"^'^'"'"""^«'"«^"h Santa Fe over the caDitaln. •
and WKh Old Town over the issues of the courthouse/nH ^ -^ *''"°".
post Office, reflected New Albuquerques acute yearnin.to^dd^" °^^^^
the town name. Unabashedly. civic leaders «Tnah' ^ r '^ '""«' to
comn,un.ty s future, wh.le lending het nflufnceTnd l^'^P '"^^
any movement ded.cated to bringing m new busines^ w^.k"^''^ '^
ment or pnvate. The boostensm. frasf in tonland elf s;mo. *°"^^"-
was a.med largely at eastern mvestors and probet ^ererfeT.^^^'
l[ the p.tch was often shrill and the Slogans exroMm^ATk^'^"'* •
charms. often exaggerated. the reason coufd beV^und n'tht com";^"^"^
the town fathers faced. It came not only from Santa Fe anTlT '''"*"
but from outside the Territory El Paso Tnr^n ^ l ^ ^^«»s.
of Southern Cahforma were alTbSm^g' ^anks co "ew r^.'"^ ^'^'^^
and all were elbowing forward in a race fö Se a key cent":^^
m the Southwest. The sp.ru of the age seemed to £ expressed hJ'!"'
Ange es m.n.sters who left their Sunday pulpits Ser 11?^ ^ ^
mmgle with the congregtion and seil real e^tate " ™'" '°
Dunng the first five years of its infancv from IfiSO m iße<; xt
Albuquerques promoters labored under a severe H^nHiv' ^' ^'*
fact that the town remamed unmcorpoi ed The "^^^^^^^^^ Sm^ ^'^
United States mU^f 1^^^^^^":. -ÄTe^hS 1^1
nally .led .h g.^^^^^^
/, 18» I, a constable and justice of the ivar^ 34 r» •« "" reoruary
business men moved to take ..n^.i / iT f ", l°"^ ^^^^ ^""' ^»^al
of Trade. OstensTbly a "chamir of ro '^''^ ^^ "^^'"« ^^^ ^^^^^
all leadmg ".erchal Vd'Ä .l^rn^^^^^^^f^^ effe^r "^
^rr^ei^^-nd^^^^^^^^^^^ - - ^^'^^^:%
This Situation was tolerated unril lÄÄ^i T^rk^*, • • i-
B. Fergusson, spearheaded a drive for incorporation ol iT^'c rT^
year, Grants Opera House hosted a P^^r^^ZJ^lR ^^aI '^t'
securmg of a town charter and the .ssuance of a call for In i. '*"'
incorporate. In the ballot.ng, held June 4 ^885 iZl T """" '°
the action almost four to one AtVfnllol' i ' ^°'''""' ^PP^oved
Henry N. Jaffa became"A?b:q:^e;;t" fi^^t^^^^^^^^ ^"'^ ^^ ^^^-^
Jaffa had servcd as president of the Board nf Tr.A^ u
quaMed for che Job . 4„„e. Moreove': he°tt hlJdt.fo'iXrchl
232
the long run the»
Albuquerque^
I "P'tal questioo
hd location of tL
g to add luster tu
.IS of praise to the
d pocketbooks to
whether goven».
;rving in purpose
Fastern emigrant».'
ng Albuquerque'i
A the competition
h and Las Vegas
the nascent citie$
N railroad Service
Center of Business
expressed by Los
?r the sermon to
iO to 1885, New
:ap, owing to the
isite Company, as
with land spec-
[rning body. The
the sheriff, had
give their undi-
themselves par-
ting on February
year later, local
j eating the Board
sed of practically
in effect becaitie
|hed a Merchants'
fof fiinds to pay
're the names of
nciding with the
liaca and William
in town, Harvey
n July 28 of that
ivhich led to the
|or an election to
bwners approved
[luly 4, merchant
le, so he was as
n glove with the
ht coterie of men who occupied the towns topmost rung on Je
"!.nomic and social ladder. Like many Jewish merchants. Henry Jatta
'^^rtive of Germany, had come to the Southwest in prera.lroad days and
*uorLl in the general prosperity that followed. Before movmg to Al-
buquerque, he and his brother Samuel had developed a prest.gious mer-
kantile firm in Trinidad, Colorado.»' .
With Jaffa four trustees were elected to constitute a municipal
«v^rnin« board. All were small business men; none had held pos.tions
^rnrominence before. Indications are that they had come to office with
?he approval of persons like Hazeldine and Stover, who preferred to «ay
„ the political background and artend to their commercia empires. The
*Roard of Trustees abandoned the old policy, employed by the former
Rnard of Trade, of raising revenues by assessing merchants for voluntary
ro^ributions. Instead. it obtained municipal funds through the lucrat.ve
Se of business licenses. Saloon keepers paid the largest fee for a hcense
Zid bond, $450, but that charged hotel managers, shop owners, and
orofessional men, though smaller, was commensurately stiff.
^ The Board of Trustees was empowered to pass municipal ordi-
„-nces— the first ones were concerned with regulation of dance halls,
eambling dens, and saloons-and to grant franchises ^^ ""»'^y,^°J?P^^-
nies " The Albuquerque Electric Light Company, founded in 1883 by
Aneus Grant, asked for and received a forty-eight year contract to furnish
fhe town with arc light.«» Grant also owned the Water Works Company,
which received a franchise to develop a municipal water System, con-
I^sting of a reservoir (built in 1886 in the Hast He.ghts at a cost of
$110 000), pumping Station, Underground mains, and hydrants. Other
franchises went to the Street Railway Company and the Gas Company.
The Board of Trustees by floating bond issues, assumed reponsibility for
development of sewers, a fire department, and street maintenance. By
1890 most of the streets in the business district were graded, guttered,
and lined with boardwalks. , „ • i ^,
In 1890 the territorial legislature passed a new law allowing larger
towns to reincorporate as a city, governed by a mayor and aldermen.
New Albuquerque, ever vigilant for advantage, se.zed the opportun.ty
and scheduled an election on the first Tuesday in April 1891. By a
thumping majority, the populace declared in favor of city Status^ As a
resuTt New Town (now with a population of 3,785) was divided into
four wards, each ward having the right to elect two aldermen to the city
'1 41
At about the same time, Albuquerque was drawn into legal pro-
ceedines involving the municipalitys original Spanish grant. In 1891.
Te United States House of Representatives established a Court of Private
Land Claims to settle the valid.ty of land grants m New Mexico and
Colorado. Members of the traveling court reached Albuquerque on De-
cember 8 of that year and began examining evidence that would suppoit
the Citys Claim to a legal grant, believed conceded to it under Spamsh
law The Plaza would have been at the center of the grant but New
Town feil well inside its supposed boundaries. Confirmation of the claim
Grou'ing
Patm
\
233
M I <
in
y • ♦ '
i
■ . t
i' "%
i.l
... ,«
IM
•i
I
:i
ir
i
Henry Jaffa, elected Albuquerques first mayor,
July 4, 1885. (Museum of Albuquerque)
Mayor Harry Kinney assumed office in De-
cember 1981. Both Jaffa and Kinney spent
format.ve periods of their lives in Trinidad
CoJorado. '
272
s cldest son. Alfr^
h. and thc fkther S
hfte would easc^
.oderatc recovery ^
0 che organizin/'o?;
Reverend found fr»
kse his stident antj.
sts. In a letter to h«
•"• The people a,-
e control over them
y See one or another
ftanytimc.-Andhe
J been kicked out of
Hey would be kicked
ves.*
himself who suffered
ad begun Services in
• • . first preachin»
I got US out of there
for six months and
', and for a time wc
len a dark hall."«
peopled mostly by
to find a place for
lere was a deli berate
New Mexicos Cath-
l the CongregationaJ
n three persons.
kgerheads with the
lant ministers, espe-
brganized a mission
jethodist Church) on
jle had held Services
t of those quarren,
wn, Ashley allowed
|ey could get one of
lidance, a structure
from contributions
the church, located
»mpany. '
»ination that showed
en made occasional
sitsJudgeHezekiah
he Rio Abajo Weekly
leach Sunday in the
bry 1880, a separate
nnings of St. Johns
'
w
Episcopal Church^Two years later, the congregation acquired its own
building in New Town. and thereafter, under the ministry of the Rev-
erend Henry Forrester, became one of the most solid religious denomi-
nations m the Community.^
Other Protestant sects soon made their presence feit in Albuquerque
The Reverend Sheldon Jackson, a celebrated missionary, formed the first
Presbyterian congregation in 1880 by assembling five members who met
regularly in a private home in Old Town. Shortly, the Reverend James
A. Menaul arrived and led a drive for construction of the first Presbyterian
Church in New Albuquerque on lots given by the Town Company at
Silver and Fifth. The Baptists chartered a church in 1887, and were
followed by the Lutherans, who established St. Pauls Church in 1891
The Lutheran congregation was spearheaded by two residents of German
ancestry, Herman Blueher, famed for his bountiful truck gardens near
the plaza and Jacob Korber, a blacksmith and carriage maker, who later
developed one of Albuquerque's most prestigious mercantile firms « Blacks
though few in number at the beginning, managed in 1882 to form an
Afncan Methodist Episcopal Church with the Reverend Spotwood Rice
as pastor. The congregation floated about, using temporary quarters
until a permanent church could be built in 1892.'
Albuquerques Jewish Community went without a place of worship
until 1897, when fifty families organized a congregation and laid plans
for erecting a synagogue. Three years later (September 14 1900) the
new Temple Albert, at Seventh and Gold, was dedicated in sol'emn
Services presided over by Rabbi Pizer Jacobs. The ceremony included
handing of the temple key to the President of the congregation, Henry
N. Jaffa, first mayor of Albuquerque.""
The Catholic Church, given new life by Bishop Lamy in the 1860s
and enspinted by the tireless ministry of the foreign Jesuits during the
1870s, continued to dominate religious life in Old Town where the
Population remained predominantly Hispano. But in 1882 it followed
the lead of the Protestants, and opened the Immaculate Conception
Church in the fast-growing town beside the tracks. The new parish
attracted members from all levels of the business Community from the
families of railroad workers, and from the few Hispanos who took up
residence in New Town. ^
The proliferation of churches was mirrored by a corresponding growth
in schools sponsored by the various religious denominations. Free public
education came late to the Territory of New Mexico, leaving private
schools, most of them church-sponsored, to fill the vacuum. The Catholics
had the edge, not only because they enjoyed a long head statt and
possessed numencal superiority, but because their prelate, Bishop Lamy
channeled much of his surplus energy into fostering a parochial educa-
tional System.
Beginning in 1851, Lamy enticed several religious Orders— the
Sisters of Loretto, the Christian Brothers, and the Sisters of Charity—
to send him teachers to staff the English schools he was busily setting
up. In 1866, he went to Europe to enlist Jesuit priests for the same
The Finer
Things
305
I •
|)mpany.' Among theni
una,' President of tS
ndividual sheep raiw
haryoftheTerritorS
^-d in real estate anj
kcar line on Railroad
^ereby forming a loor>
ind around proposej
/ement Company i^^
ind remaining in th^
n,Luna Place (named
rtion of the streetcar
yoftheAlbuquerque
mpleted. The reason
t cur into land sale$
IsMnal design. One of
'cularly water mains
ly s requirement that
stige addition, must
pst of Albuquerque's
ial lots, were either
elite property bein^
' nieans.^2
boosterism, proved
ry Jastro. Soon after
wrote, "In southern
the divine right of
, is unquestioned."^3
►entiment prevailing
d on a fast dollar.
-seil realty business
rovement Company
^ical advertisements
>er 26, 1908, pro-
'00 in Albuquerque
■ 110,000 in value
ts, while doubtless
Albuquerque, as a
steady increase in
Raymond Stamm)
le real estate game,
^oad and New York
Ict developed as the
|t was the Reverend
^hurch. Even men
of the cloth, it seems, could not resist the temptation to cash in on the
\)Oom in land sales. Other additions progressively fiUed in the empty
Spaces that lay between the Old and New Towns and between Huning
Highlands and the university on the East Mesa. As that occurred, New
Albuquerque became less of the tight-knit Community that it had been
in the years 1880-1900, and more of a Cluster of neighborhoods, each
with its own character and loyalties.
In the course of municipal expansion, Railroad Avenue emerged to
become, what urban historians call, the primary corridor avenue, that
is, a linear thoroughfare that handles the bulk of through traffic and
serves as a focus for commercial establishments and shoppers/"* Indicative
of that, Railroad Avenue was renamed Central in 1912. As intercity
travel by motor car increased in the following years, Central sprouted
rows of Service stations and roadside hostelries, first termed auto camps,
then tourist courts, and finally motels. It would remain the chief east-
west artery through the city, on U.S. 66, until completion of Interstate
40 in the 1960s.
In the early part of the Century, Broadway was looked upon as the
principal north-south thoroughfare. At its intersection with Central was
a large iron watering trough for horses, a Community landmark. Chester
French, a mortician with a penchant for gardening, set out thousands
of flowers at his own expense, making Broadway sparkle with color. A
parkway down the center of the street was planted in cottonwoods and
the cool shade attracted strollers on blistering summer afternoons.
Albuquerque's favorite recreation spot, however, was Robinson Park.
At the time New Albuquerque was platted, Railroad Avenue had also
been laid out. To reach Old Town, it had been necessary to bend Railroad,
between Eighth and Tenth Streets, with the result that it cut across the
rectangular grid of the townsite and created several triangulär blocks.
Since the irregulär shape of the land made it unsuitable for residential
lots, the Townsite Company set aside part of the Space as a park. For
several years, it remained neglected, empty, and nameless.
In the middle of the 1880s, civic-minded matrons of some of Al-
buquerque's first families took a hand. They sponsored a contest to select
a name and at the same time raise funds to develop the park. Young
ladies were asked to stand as contestants, and the public was encouraged
to select a favorite by purchasing votes. Albert Alonzo Robinson, general
Superintendent and chief engineer of the Santa Fe Railway, bought the
largest block of votes for his daughter, Lena. Therefore, in her honor
Robinson Park was named. "^^
The Albuquerque Board of Trade lent assistance with beautification
by arranging a tree-planting ceremony on Arbor Day, 1885. A large
crowd assembled at the Armijo House and formed a festive procession
headed by Henry Jaffa and a Negro band. Some 150 Citizens carried
small saplings — elm, cottonwood, and Osage orange. Marching in high
style to the park, they went furiously to work sowing the beginnings of
a miniature forest. In the weeks that followed, school children were
Trumptttmg
ihe City
341
:5A y^^^A
A Narrative History hy
Marc Simmons
University of New Mexico Press / albuquerque
\
»^B??«F.-'^-#'
♦ '
Chapter 9
I
«movalbillamountedtothousandsofdoJJars Yet in the Inn
mony was well spent. In the final years of the centu^ AIK ^ """ '^^'^^
abandoned the campaign as hopeless « ^* "^'^"^"^'^ueans
communuys future. wh.le l'end ng het" nfluence'Tnd 1^ T'^ '° '^^
^y movement ded.cated to bnngfng in n^w rusmess Ä'^''^ ^^
ment or private. The boostensm. crass in tonland ^l/ ' ""^ «°^^'n-
was a.„,ed largely at eastern «nv^ton änd pro "^^^^^^^^ '"P^^Pose.
If the puch was often shrill and the slog^aS^extoS^
but from outs.de the Tern"".%Tpaso^Tron "d^l"' "" ''^^"'
of Southern California were all booming' thanks to nl r'.'"' ^'^'^
and all were elbowing forward in a rTce fö ZlT i '^'''"^"^ *^^'<^e,
in the Southwest The s^Wr ö? rh? T ^ ''^^ ""^" of busines
Angeles m.n.s s whoTerthe/r SufdT'^f '" ^ ^''P^"^^^^ ^y U
m.ngle w.th the congr^g^oVa'n'd seÄ e^tt'" ^"^ ^'^ ^^^'"^ -
Albuquerques Promoters labored under a sevVr/h..^ ^' ^^*
fact that the town remained unincZora ed X t^ '^' -""'"^ '' '^'
an auxiliary arm of the AT*SF Li? . Townsite Company, as
ulation, and it prLTded c^f/.' u"'"'?''^ ^^^^^'^ ^'^^ land spec
United'states mSf and co"" /öffi^^^^^^ ^^'.' T^T« ^^^ ^he
Jurisdiction over the townsite b.f rh. ' '"''"^'"^ ^he sheriff. had
v.ded attention t^New A Z^n.r ^ '''''}'^ ^'^'^ «'^^ ^^e.r undi-
tiallyfilled the ßanbv form n"^^"" "'^^'- ^'''""^ themselves par-
busmess men moved to take un mnrl 1/ iTT ', .^"^ y^^"" ^«"' 'ocal
of Trade. OstensibTy a "chamlr of com^ '^"^ ^' "'"'"« ^^^ ^^^^^
aJI leading merchants and pTotsfonaJrn Th^'Z^^'^ of pract.cally
the town covernmenr Arr^r^I^ u V ' ^"" ^^y '" «Ö^ct became
Police ForrtoTam tam^rde^r A '^'"^'^ '^ establ.shed a MerchanTs
for mun.c.pa IpZäs r,^^^^^^^^^ '''"'!^ "^''"^" ^«^ ^""ds to pay
Huning, HllS!"and Srover r ^ " ^'^ ^"^' ""^ ^^^ --'«^
push Jö'gam che l^y itXm Bernau' ."'^"' ^"'"^'^'"^ ^'^^ ^^e
Hazeldine, along w."h a Ln. I.l '.^^"''^«^ ^"" ^"^ Will.am
B. Fergusson siJaTheaded ^^r^ 7^"' """"^ '"'""^ '" '°^"' "^^^V
year. Grants'c^^r 'So^^ hos;rd rt;uM^^^ ^""^"^^ ^^ «^ ^^at
secunng of a toCn cha^ a'nTtt 's^t nc^ T/c'afl' f^'a' 1' " ^'^
Henry N. }^l^X.^:^^ >^>' ^. -chant
2^2
thc long run the»
' AJbuquerquej^
capital questioo
jnd location of tll
Ig to add luster to
ps of preise to the
d pocketbooks to
whether govcm.
;rving in purpo$c
ktern emigrants.'
ng Albuquerque's
i the competition
-e and Las Vegas
Ithe nascent cities
ff railroad Service
I Center of Business
expressed by Loj
^r the sermon to
(0 to 1885, New
ap, owing to the
isite Company, as
with land spec-
[rning body. The
the sheriff, had
give their undi-
themselves par-
ting on February
year later, local
[eating the Board
»ed of practically
in effect became
led a Merchants"
for funds to pay
're the names of
iciding with the
taca and William
n town, Harvey
July 28 of that
'hich led to the
>f an election to
)wners approved
|uly 4, merchant
le, so he was as
glove with the
ht coterie of men who occupied thc towns topmost rung on die
"^nomic and social ladder. Like many Jewish merchants, Henry Jaffa,
'^^ ative of Germany, had come to the Southwest in prerailroad days and
• "*-j in the general prosperity that foUowed. Before movjng to Al-
k querque, he and his brother Samuel had developed a prestigious mer-
.ontile firm in Trinidad, Colorado." .
With Jaffa, four trustees were elected to constitute a municipal
vernine board. All were small business men; none had held positions
^fnrominence before. Indications are that they had come to office with
he approval of persons like Hazeldine and Stover, who preferred to stay
the political background and artend to their commercial empires. The
Board of Trustees abandoned the old policy, employed by the former
Rnard of Trade, of raising revenues by assessing merchants for "voluntary
fontributions. Instead, it obtained municipal funds through the lucrative
Ze of business licenses. Saloon keepers paid the largest fee for a license
nd bond, $450, but that charged hotel managers, shop owners, and
nrofession'al men, though smaller, was commensurately stiff.»«
The Board of Trustees was empowered to pass municipal ordi-
nces— the first ones were concerned with regulation of dance halls,
eambling dens, and saloons— and to grant franchises ^o ""l'^y^^omPf-
nies '^ The Albuquerque Electric Light Company, founded in 188:) by
Ancus Grant, asked for and received a forty-eight year contract to furnish
The town with arc light.'«' Grant also owned the Water Works Company,
which received a franchise to develop a municipal water System, con-
sisting of a reservoir (built in 1886 in the East Heights at a cost of
1110 000) pumping Station, Underground mains, and hydrants. Other
franchises went to the Street Railway Company and the Gas Company.
The Board of Trustees by floating bond issues, assumed reponsibility tor
development of sewers, a fire department, and street maintenance. By
1890 most of the streets in the business district were graded, guttered,
and lined with boardwalks. ,, • ,
In 1890 the territorial legislature passed a new law allowing larger
towns to reincorporate as a city, governed by a mayor and aldermen.
New Albuquerque, ever vigilant for advantage, seized the opportunity
and scheduled an election on the first Tuesday in April 1891. By a
thumping majority, the populace declared in favor of city Status^ As a
result New Town (now with a population of 3,785) was divided into
four wards, each ward having the right to elect two aldermen to the city
Council.^' , , ,
At about the same time, Albuquerque was drawn mto legal pro-
ceedings involving the municipalitys original Spanish grant. In 1891,
the United States House of Representatives established a Court of Private
Land Claims to settle the validity of land grants in New Mexico and
Colorado. Members of the traveling court reached Albuquerque on De-
cember 8 of that year and began examining evidence that would Support
the Citys Claim to a legal grant, believed conceded to it under Spanish
law The plaza would have been at the center of the grant but New
Town feil well inside its supposed boundaries. Confirmation of the claim
Grou'ing
Pains
H
(■n
233
18;;
m
f ■ ^
1
i i
t
ir
Henry Jaffa, elected Albuquerques first mayor
July 4, 1885. (Museum of Albuquerque) '
Mayor Harry Kinney assumed office in De-
cember 1981. Both Jaffa and Kinney spent
formative periods of their lives in Trinidad,
Colorado. '
272
IS cldest 5on, Alfi^
n, and thc father ^
limate would easc h^
noderate recovery •!
^otheorganizing'ofi
Reverend found fcw
ause his stident anti.
ests. In a letter to his
|ess, "The peopie art
^e control over them
ly See one or another
atany time.^Andhe
\d been kicked out of
they would be kicked
Ives.^
Ihimself who suffered
^ad begun Services in
• • • first preaching
got US out of therc.
for six months and
', and for a time we
then a dark hall/*-^
peopled mostly by
to find a place for
rhere was a deliberate
^ New Mexico s Cath-
, the CongregationaJ
lof three persons.
[oggerheads with thc
:ant ministers, espc-
organized a mission
[ethodist Church) on
ile had held Services
»t of those quaners.
)wn, Ashley allowed
ley could get one of
[uidance, a structure
from contributions
the church, located
lompany. '
lination that showed
len made occasional
lisitsJudgeHezekiah
|the Rio Abajo Weekly
each Sunday in the
lary 1880, a separate
innings of St. Johns
ft
Episcopal Church. Two years iater, the congregation acquired its own
building in New Town, and thereafter, under the ministry of the Rev-
erend Henry Forrester, became one of the most solid religious denomi-
nations in the Community.^
Other Protestant sects soon made their presence feit in Albuquerque.
The Reverend Sheldon Jackson, a celebrated missionary, formed the first
Presbyterian congregation in 1880 by assembling five members who met
rcgularly in a private home in Old Town. Shortly, the Reverend James
A. Menau! arrived and led a drive for construction of the first Presbyterian
Church in New Albuquerque on lots given by the Town Company at
Silver and Fifth. The Baptists chartered a church in 1887, and were
foUowed by the Lutherans, who established St. Pauls Church in 1891.
The Lutheran congregation was spearheaded by two residents of German
ancestry, Herman Blueher, famed for his bountiful truck gardens near
the plaza, and Jacob Korber, a blacksmith and carriage maker, who Iater
developed one of Albuquerque s most prestigious mercantile firms.« Blacks,
though few in number at the beginning, managed in 1882 to form an
African Methodist Episcopal Church with the Reverend Spotwood Rice
as pastor. The congregation floated about, using temporary quarters,
until a permanent church could be built in 1892. ^
Albuquerque 's Jewish Community went without a place of worship
until 1897, when fifty families organized a congregation and laid plans
for erecting a synagogue. Three years Iater (September 14, 1900), the
new Temple Albert, at Seventh and Gold, was dedicated in solemn
Services presided over by Rabbi Pizer Jacobs. The ceremony included
handmg of the temple key to the president of the congregation, Henry
N. Jaffa, first mayor of Albuquerque.^^
The Catholic Church, given new life by Bishop Lamy in the 1860s,
and enspirited by the tireless ministry of the foreign Jesuits during the
1870s, continued to dominate religious life in Old Town where the
Population remained predominantly Hispano. But in 1882, it followed
the lead of the Protestants, and opened the Immaculate Conception
Church in the fast-growing town beside the tracks. The new parish
attracted members from all levels of the business Community, from the
families of railroad workers, and from the few Hispanos who took up
residence in New Town.
The proliferation of churches was mirrored by a corresponding growth
in schools sponsored by the various religious denominations. Free public
education came late to the Territory of New Mexico, leaving private
schools, most of them church-sponsored, to fill the vacuum. The Catholics
had the edge, not only because they enjoyed a long head Start and
possessed numerical superiority, but because their prelate, Bishop Lamy,
channeled much of his surplus energy into fostering a parochial educa-
tional System.
Beginning in 1851, Lamy enticed several religious Orders — the
Sisters of Loretto, the Christian Brothers, and the Sisters of Charity—
to send him teachers to staff the English schools he was busily setting
up. In 1866, he went to Europe to enlist Jesuit priests for the same
The Finer
Things
305
jmpaay. Among thcm
hJna, President of tC
Individual sheep t^^
?tary of che Territorial
?d in real estate and
?tcar line on Railroad
lereby forming a loop
tnd around proposcd
dement Company i,^,
md remaining in th^
h,Luna Place (named
'•^lon of the streetcar
oftheAlbuquerque
mpleted. The reason
k cut into land sale$
binal design. One of
kularly water mains,
^y s requirement that
[stige addition, must
pst of Albuquerques
jial lots, were either
elite property being
■ means.^2
boosterism, proved
ry Jastro. Soon after
wrote, "In southern
i the divine right of
, is unquestioned."^3
Untiment prevaihng
W on a fast dollar.
-seil realty business
rovement Company
^ical advenisements
=>er 26, 1908, pro-
)00 in Albuquerque
e $10,000 in value
its, while doubtless
Albuquerque, as a
le steady increase in
Raymond Stamm)
le real estate game,
l^oad and New York
Ict developed as the
£ was the Reverend
"^hurch. Even men
r
of the cloth, it seems, could not resist the temptation to cash in on the
[yoom in land sales. Other additions progressively filled in the empty
Spaces that lay between the Old and New Towns and between Huning
Highlands and the university on the East Mesa. As that occurred, New
Albuquerque became less of the tight-knit Community that it had been
in the years 1880-1900, and more of a düster of neighborhoods, each
vvith its own character and loyalties.
In the course of municipal expansion, Railroad Avenue emerged to
become, what urban historians call, the primary corridor avenue, that
js, a linear thoroughfare that handles the bulk of through traffic and
serves as a focus for commercial establishments and shoppers."^ Indicative
of that, Railroad Avenue was renamed Central in 1912. As intercity
travel by motor car increased in the following years. Central sprouted
rows of Service stations and roadside hostelries, first termed auto camps,
then tourist courts, and finally motels. It would remain the chief east-
west artery through the city, on U.S. 66, until completion of Interstate
40 in the 1960s.
In the early part of the Century, Broadway was looked upon as the
principal north-south thoroughfare. Ar its intersection with Central was
a large iron watering trough for horses, a Community landmark. Chester
French, a mortician with a penchant for gardening, set out thousands
of flowers at his own expense, making Broadway sparkle with color. A
parkway down the center of the street was planted in cottonwoods and
the cool shade attracted strollers on blistering summer afternoons.
Albuquerques favorite recreation spot, however, was Robinson Park.
At the time New Albuquerque was platted, Railroad Avenue had also
been laid out. To reach Old Town, it had been necessary to bend Railroad,
between Eighth and Tenth Streets, with the result that it cut across the
rectangular grid of the townsite and created several triangulär blocks.
Since the irregulär shape of the land made it unsuitable for residential
lots, the Townsite Company set aside part of the Space as a park. For
several years, it remained neglected, empty, and nameless.
In the middle of the 1880s, civic-minded matrons of some of Al-
buquerque s first families took a band. They sponsored a contest to select
a name and at the same time raise funds to develop the park. Young
ladies were asked to stand as contestants, and the public was encouraged
to select a favorite by purchasing votes. Albert Alonzo Robinson, general
Superintendent and chief engineer of the Santa Fe Railway, bought the
largest block of votes for his daughter, Lena. Therefore, in her honor
Robinson Park was named. '^^
The Albuquerque Board of Trade lent assistance with beautification
by arranging a tree-planting ceremony on Arbor Day, 1885. A large
crowd assembled at the Armijo House and formed a festive procession
headed by Henry Jaffa and a Negro band. Some 150 Citizens carried
small saplings — elm, cottonwood, and Osage orange. Marching in high
style to the park, they went furiously to work sowing the beginnings of
a miniature forest. In the weeks that followed, school children were
Trumptting
the City
341
I
t
I
z
I
COLORADO
I
I
, ^ __, SPANISH
^"^ ^ >^- ^3B Trinidad
A
.-^
;^\d^ Bent's
O^J^^ OldFo
New Fort Lyon
Old Fort Lyon |
Bent's New Fort Chouteau's Island &
XJpper Crossi
Boggsville
Springs Stage Station
I
• •
• •
RATON PASS
C^
,>^^
.%^^
KANSAS
Fort
-imarron ^^ ,
>,,^ üodge
LA JORNADA
?er Spring
3dle Spring at Point of Rocb
Raton
Cimarron
Rayado]
"Z. Taos
^,- , ^^<Nw ^^^ Union
.irj<N ^ Junta (Watrous
Turkey CredcCamp ( ^pf^per Spring
PÖJJ^OF \^ j^^^old Spring & Inscription Rock
ROCKS ^— iiÄi-I-J^if;;p Nichols
McNees Crossing
P RABBIT EARS
North Canadian Rm
WAGON
MOUND«
ROUND
MOUND , .
Dorsey Mans.on ^^f'' ^^^ ^'^^^ ^^'"P
I
Tecoloti
>an
Jose San
Miguel
IS Vegas
Q
Pecos Ruins
Glorieta Pass 6i Pigeon's Ranch
NEW MEXICO
^.
%
Cr.
f/e*
TEXAS
>rt Lcavenworth
J^^^sas River
^^^^' 5^ Plum Buttes
Council Grove
Diamond Sprin
)st Spring
Havanna Stage
Station ^V
Burlingame
o
"^ry.
OKLAHOMA
iiO'Mile
Creek
indepcndcncc
/estport & Kansas City
lawnee Mission
I
regon Trail Junction
Old
Franklin
Arrow Roci
Boonvillc
I
^^^^^r Pawnee Rock
^^jf Ash Creek
x)w Creek
^Station
. \ Cottonwood Crossing \
l Little Arkansas Crossing
^
5^ Coon Creek Crossing
A
sh
L
kk
\^
1
\
\
V
\
I
^v«^
o-
MISSOURI
ARKANSAS
Ihosrnng by S. Gutrük
I
'Jaffa
\
PIONEERS,
PEDDLERS,
AND
rsA9iHm
The Story
of the Jews
in Colorado
IDA LIBERT UCHILL
Qualily Line Priniing Co. Boulder . Cx>loradc)
nda School. As theygrew upand tl.e ..
decLne ,o for.y inhabi.an.s. the Fr edw «
Ne. When he üved ^n' „faf^J^'^^^in,
h "-e. T,.e cown boastld onTc^Jr^'
oi.gh u seems that there were never L "^
'unde at any one time. the numllrofT'
k'ous penods in the 80s and pj^s numfe
[ the rieh farm and orchard countrv on» ,
ks Morris Strousc. a y,...„g G^n L^^
-n. he came to the United States and .t
>"tbern Florida. New Orleans and Chicar
several years for a für Company tr^velif
b^o sThI ' '' ^'^^' ^^ioi^i-'z
Mster ot J». L. Holzman, an early CoIoraH
]} h.m became a kinsman to the large W
H^ was m Colorado when he heard of ?h
-n edge of the State. VVith two rfends t
H f-- C^non City. ;VhiIe his compa^
n. Strot.se slept under it in a tarpauUn
he snow. He opened a clothing' to " in
from the Ind.ans. After a time he added
terms with the Indians and was a eood
and h.s family. Scores of Indians. Ih^
nt my fnend heap big little man" and
im for more than forty-five years. attended
h a tthe age- of nmety-three, the local news
^miliar ring:
)vable figure passes from the life of the
s^iope . . . ,)ot many of his race have ever
n to come ,nto the raw new west and
Ihere leave behind them therco;d o? a^
occurred to the pioneers that the total
>^do was so small that if more than one
and camp in the State at the same time
»gh Jews to go around.
108
IRINIDAD
8
'fheoldesi congregation ouiside Denver in continuous existence
^5 rlie Congregation Aaron in Trinidad. The hisiory of this Jewish
j^oniniunity, which built its temple on the old Santa Fe Trail, is
jii interesting example of the adaptability of the Jews to their
Environment, while retaining their Jewish identity, especially
jince all around it intermarriage was eradicating Judaism.
VVhere ornate and lavish Spanish cathedrals prevail, the sim-
plirity of Colorado's oldest Jewish house of worship still in usc
jj a sharp contrast to the culture of the southwest. Yet the roman-
fic region influenced the Jewish life of the town, which goes back
to the earliest years of settlement. There were very few white set-
ilers in the area in tlie 60's when the first known Jew, a man named
M. Wise, arrived in the early pan of the decade. At least another
six Jews arrived beiore 1870, and the first Jewish family was es-
tablished in 1870 with the marriage of Isaac Levy. That year and
ilie foUowing, two young men (apparently miners) from Eliza
bethtown, New Mexico, helped complete a miriyan for Yoni
Kippur. Four more Jews came into the region in 1872.^^ Between
1877 and 1880 the Jewish Community numbered about fifteen
Jewish families,*" almost all of whom had come before the railroad.
When the first board of trustees of the newly incorp>orated town
of Trinidad met in 1876, Sam Jaffa, who had been there for four
years, was elected the chairman of the group. At the same time
Isaac Levy was elected to the board. In the records filled with
names of diverse origin, such as Jesus Maria, and Delos, Jewish
names appear with frequency and regularity. When the Jewish
Community was laige, the city Council always had one or two Jew^s
serving. They still took an active part in every phase of city life
even when there was only a handful of them left. In 1952, at the
time of his death, Gilbert Sanders, the leader of the Jewish Com-
munity, was a county judge.
When the coal mining industry began its greatest activity, a
B'nai B'rith lodge was chartered in 1878 with twenty-nine meni-
bers. At the birth of Arthur G. Jaffa, in 1883, the Congregation
Aaron with eighteen members was organized, and when the char-
ter was signed, there were fifty-five names on the document. That
fall the first Services of the temple were held in the Opera House
at two dollars a seat. That same year the first cemetery meeting
109
D«stingu.sJ.ed service ,o tJ.c sta"f ,n i ? ^ " '''^ '^°'" ^''e firs '
g.ven. among o.i.en.. by the Seudemtf r','"' '"^""'^^^ ^as
d.rectors of tl.e a>no,Lati«,n R , k '""'y- ^"^"^^ by th,
graduate of Heidelberg acceped the m'''"'^*'^ ^>eudentl,al
gregation fron, 1889 Lti uÄe of^
recordofritualcircu^dslslst h^H^Lt^lV" ^'''- "'^
His sons- activities in IVinidad xJrf ^"''*" Archives
-tomey and State iegislatö bro. rCu '"' T'^' '^-' -'
'«branes. I.elped establ.sl, junior folet^^ .V /^' "'^ ^""^ »^
and brougiu to Trinidad Colorados fi^f- "''"""^''""^ ^''^ stau-
Alfred, a physician. gave libSa wt h 'T'"' """"^^ '" 1927"
as after his death. The po^ Xxtc r Z ""^ 1'" ''''' ^ -^''
"•e poverty-stricken of the^rea a.^d fr^au!^^ "" ''" '^""'
-stead. left half a n,.„ion dollat^ in arurusuJl i^i^f '"'" '"""^>
T " I..S atK.rney. Gilbert Sanders he «rZ !
o« my estate I give to Temple Aan ^^ r,. """'' ^^'"^ "'^"
esubhsh the Alfred Freud'enthaT Me.no a,Tr"' "r" "^' '"
Foundation, which assists the churcl e nf r f ^""^ ^"^'
denominations, service clubs anH J T -^f ^^'^"^Vfour differen,
books. and scholarships are g^ven to needv" , M ""^^ '''"^' g'^-^
list of beneficiaries of the Foundan- » ^ ' ^^" in.presstve
terest alone-the principal "? th fot?r" ''f^^ '^ ^"^^ '"
touched. ^ '''^ 'oundation has never been
set^Zn^hT W^oT^r-S^rf^^ He
".e ti.ne Senator Gug^^h^frL^^^^
•schooi. Leo Gottlieb.Tre'dent of L M ' 'J ^'''"'^ '° "-
Deaf and Blind in Colorado Spr^Lf T^"" ^'''^' ^"^ "'-
named. was also identifie^wlh^";^:« " "" ' '"''"'"§ ^-^
Unlike the population of the moiinf,:„
iiü
cob Maitus. Ih, Abraham Cronbad.
Martin Weiu, feu of them r^.l 1 ^^ «U
""■""'■"' f^'^tory of Colorado
r Robert K I #.vv " D
n tJR Ion.; Jist of namcs of "Afa; of mJ ^
-as taxed. ü.c foliowing appear" "' ^'^^^
'^^ 17,100
"Z *~ - ^.980
" - 7,630
6,750
- 7.300
■" 6.750
'^"' "• 15,680
~- - - 5.780
~~ 7,000
.... — - 10,650
- - 21,000
■ - 5,100
- 9,050"
I.
Jyers.
V^rnerican Society.
^ir. William Guggenheim of New York n.. • ,
ropolc Hotel. ^ iiiainctl
>BB ininutcs. July 10. 1881.
rrpavid Marks Hyman, 'The Romai
. Daviü ixiarks nyiiidii, i nc Komancc of a Nf ining Venture," courtesy of
,hf American Jewish Archives.
rM)l*L (lipping filc. no source, Dec. 20, 1892.
r^lsiaclür, No daie, 1892. Wm. S. F. Scrapbook.
'Israrlite, Dec. 4, 1894.
»^Rrpublican, Nov. 7, 1892.
•'Hyman, op. cit.
:'nVolle, op. cit.
:K;arolinc Bancroft, famotis Asprn, p. 39.
•* Wolle, op. cit., p. 184.
><VVilliam L. White, Dcrnaid Baruch, Portrait of a Citizen.
:-' Colorado State Business Directory, 1881. 7 he Meyer referred to may havc
iK-cn Ferdinand Meyer, a Jewish pre-territorial trader from New Mexico.
^^Grand Junction Sentinel, Nov. 1, 1928.
"yO, Nov. 11, 1905. "Jews in the Country Towns of Colorado." Also Sol
Jafla on die Jews of Trinidad. David Gottlieb interview, State Historical
yKiety. CWA, 1933, 1934
*oV. S. Census, 1880 lists at least 20 Jewish men in Trinidad.
^'Temple Aaron Biblette, Nov. 11, 1949.
112
113
1
i
f'T werk. Ihosc wuhou. money perish-,
prratc. Lvery tra.n brought more and m,
l.e downiown strecis, and it bccame a *
hne Sit down suddcnly on the street r.?'I'
.nto the Street. The newspapen uhich S
cd with US first patieni, a Swedish girl ,
vs especially for the fact that in tables anH
I reJigious denomination was made bv t!
brews do not predominate in die list "(
• tiine they described the cases where T^u
Karved to death/ •'^*
•mmunity, which had esubHshed the hos
the Jeivish Outlook rose to the defense of
ich newspaper story was not in accord witl.
II pointed out that
. case of wrongdoing by those who send
s to Colorado. The Jewish Relief Society
> gather enough money to maintain the
jig number of consumptives with their de-
hho daily come to Denver of their own
le mistaken motivations of their unjust
»pital begged the eastem eitles to look after
1 not to make of Denver, which numbered
dumping g"ound.
collections were made and "the red ban
^mbol of old-fashioned Jewish charity was
"• Half of Denver, and half of the Jews.
tuberculars" or had to care for sick mem-
ly. Now they found what seemed to them
:he land on their doontep.
?d to take the matter into their own hands.
►er 31. 1<j03, a group of men met together
V'est Colfax "to organize a Society for help
lives in this town who are badly in need ol
I, most of them who were recovered or on
Ith, was repeated in the history of the in-
lond, a tinner, and fair Hebrew scholar,
~ Juice" presided; Henry Cohen, a clerk!
242
who was elecied secretary, an intelligent well-read young
fellow with a cheerfiil disposition . . . Louis Shapiro, cigar-
maker; Jacob Cooper, tailor; David Bernhardt, furrier; M.
Levinger, musician; L. Wolf, tailor; ). Millstine, pho-
tographer; E. Aidelman, wagonniaker; Louis Bornstein, a silk
weaver; David Kaufman, actor; Benjamin Wittenstein, a
furrier; H. Heublum, a painter.
In addition, the names at the first meeting included Morris
Yasncss, Max Siegle, Jacob Fischer, Herman Katz, Harry Elbroch,
Louis Levin, and M. Hyman/ Years later, ii became customary
for almost every prominent Jcw to claim, if he was interested in
ihe institution, that he was a founder of it. In a sense this was
true of every resident of West Colfax, but the early minutes do
not reveal the names of most of these claimants to the honor.
This first group chose for itself the name of Denver Charity for
Consumptives, with Louis Shapiro as treasurer. A hat was passed
that evening, and $1.10 was contributed. It w^as suggested that
"we should appeal to the Rieh people for aid, for all those poor
consumptives who are badly in need of help/' At the next meeting,
a week later, the word *'charity" was removed and the name chang-
ed to The Denver Appeal Society for Consumptives. A collection
brought in $2.35.^ Two more meetings were held. With dues
set at five cents a week, $1.85^ and $1.70^^ were collected.
A mass meeting was called for December 12, 1903, at the Tiph-
ereth Israel synagogue in \Vest Colfax, with Joe Washer presiding.
The hall was so jammed that there was no Standing room lefi
and for once the orthodox custom of dividing the sexes did
not prevail, nor did the rabbis protest. The addresses were
so appealing, that the audience broke into a lament as
poignant as that as in olden days on Tisha b'Av at the
recital of Kinoth.^^
A committe was appointed and the name Jewush Consumptives
Relief Society adopted. At the first committee meetings were
present Washer, A. Goodstein, Joseph Jaffa, and Doctors Zeder-
baum and Spivak. Jaffa was elecied chairman and Spivak secretary.
To the next board meeting were invited the leaders of the
Jewish Community, particularly those connected with the National
Jewish Hospital, including Rabbi Friedman. The guests made
ii clear that they were against soliciting aid from the outside,
"since such action may bring a great number of consumptives to
Denver." Dr. Spivak disagreed. It was his opinion that "increas-
243
•' resuh of an influx of consuniptivcs. wo...^
« "f -ncome - Only Jaffa, of the ^■^2''
•"• "'e new organiza.ion. and was e^d
ng was calied in Ja„uar>. and .he total ,v >
■lect.ng u-as bn,ught to |.S69.15. It |,ad L'
f" wa.t until thcre was $2000 in the trea^. "
k-a (.u, of the City Th.s was changed b' "T
0«//ooA. edited by Rabbi Friedmfnl
' Society was m straits, that the tom;^'?
-s. and asking that a "national so^^. ^r^
e formed at once.-» The board sent a
utiook statmg that an Organization, as ou,
^vas already in existence. An appeal to th •
;v.sh press was ordered to be sem ot^t ii,'
'|e approxal of President Jaffa. Jaffa 2,,
shment of a hospital and wanted^he wo k
l-ed, resigned.- Dr. Philip Hillkowiiz was
haganda committee. to which Dr. Soiv;,!
'oash, began to function immediately in
Iver the plea was tlie Pride of Denver Lodge
^uh Abraham, which enlisted the aid of th('
which assessed a two and a half cent per
mens Circle followed. With the help of
US pleas from editors .\braham Cahan
»lotkoff. and the poet, Morris Rosenfeld'
hributary^societies sprang up almost over'
buntry. The English press followed closelv
ition becanie nationally-known ev.^n before
■es of land for a sanitarium was purchased
Ifteenminute walk from the end of the car
ir. Zederbaum donated the funds for the
meniory of his father, Alexander Zeder-
le Hebrew Journal in Russia. the Hamelit'
ere named for the I. O. B. A., Workmens
, the names of two to be auctioned off at
hed proper.-^ A frame building was put
i the Jewish Consumptives Relief Societv
1, September 4, 1904.
244
The almosi instant succcss of the new Institution was due to the
idealists it attracted. The National Jewish Hospital had as its
supponers the wealthy Jews of America — in the Temple Emanuel
alone, there were several millionaires. The J. C. R. S. was founded
with the nickeis and dimes that the hard-pressed Jews of West
Colfax sacrificed, and tlie roll for breakfast that an Eastem shop-
worker gave up for a sick person in Colorado.
Aniong the many ardent workcrs for the institution was the son
of Rabbi Hillkowitz who suggested the Hospital's motto from the
Talmud, "He who saves one life is considered as if he had prescrv-
ed the whole world." Dr. Philip Hillkowitz served the sanitarium
as its President until his death in 1948. He was one of the leadin
pathologists and bacteriologists in the American Medical Associa
tion. Locally he held chairs at the medical Colleges and ser\'ed on
the staffs as pathologist of four hospitals, and captain of the medical
Corps during World War I. Despite his vast knowledge of many
subjects and his linguistic ability in fourteen languages he was an
extremely modest and quiet man. He was appreciated by the non-
Jewish Community which changed local and State medical conven
tions so that he would not have to appear on High Holidays or at
places where Jews were not normally permitted. With his passing
— he sufFered a stroke while presiding at a meeting where he was
having difficulty with some of the members of the board of the
J.C.R.S. — the last of the young selfless idealists, whose love for
mankind had built the J.C.R.S., was gone.
During the years wheii the J.C.R.S. was new and was meeting
violent Opposition from the National Jewish Hospital, his sister
Anna, who was a librarian at the Denver Public Library, took a
leave of absence to travel for the institution as its first field sec-
retary.
It was a thrilling day for these workers and for all of West
Colfax when, close to the front ränge of the Rockies, the first six
tents were opened to the first seven patients four days after dedi-
cation. The "tents" as the J.C.R.S. was called, became one of the
most welcome sights in the West. Many a Jew, healthy or sick,
exclaimed as he did on entering his synagogue, "How goodly are
thy tents, O Jacob, and thy dwelling places, O Israel."**
The supfKDrters of the National Jewish Hospital for Consump-
tives, remembering the prolonged labor in giving birth to the
245
Isis hospital, lookcd with fear and an
cd by the East European Jevvs The / •*'
organ, sharpened its comment. ^^J.T'^
One barb was directed at a Jewifh phvl ;
whosays only a few Denver Jews !
s frantic attempi to leap into prominens
>n the J.C.R.S., having proved abor/e T*
s accustomed obscurity.'*" Since the thr
iuiition were held by outstanding phv&iri;.^
of the three may have been meam
US reasons for Opposition: ''What if Denver
ore tuberculai^ and closes its doors and
latoria, and what if people want no niorc
e sick are mainly Jevvs?'* Aside from th<
d be over-run with sick Jews, an editorial
)ut that the ninety-bed hospital cost $40 OOd
T hospital would duplicate its work. The
arded the whole thing as a calamity, and
am S. Friedman.^-
Community agreed. Ten prominent Jews
-^ir opinions were: *'The Centennial stati
h a Lazaretto": "as visionary as draining the
ronment and retum of money already col
d the opinion that physicians cannot attend
|cmuneration for too long; another believed
ild be in New York. Only Dr. Spivak, wlu>
-hat '*It Supports a definite demand and
lencroaches on existing organizations." Hi
Isheltering and feeding the destitute con
work would be a prophylactic measure,
harged as cured from other hospitals; that
Irlapping. since the emergency cases to be
lould not be admitted anywhere eise; and
[idents of Denver who become incurable.''*
•d not only in Denver, but also in thi
lon. The Outlook claimed that die seven
tions in America disapproved of tiie idea
ly charges against the new Institution, Dr.
ional magazine: "We exist, we are here to
[titutions here for the rieh sick and for the
246
pooi* well, but what are the poor sick to do?** Low monality
refords, he said. were not the ambition of the institution, but to
j-ealize the **pure sentiments of humanity," so that for every case
jhai dies, and some must, the last days on earth would have been
niade comfortable.**
The officers of the J.C.R.S. were not bashful. They went directly
into the strongholds of the "Nationars" supporters in the United
States. Dr. Kate Levy of Chicago in Jcwish Comment in Baltimore,
particularly angered the National Hospital's supporters when she
said that the National Jewish Hospital had originated with a
•Jewess of Denver" [Frances Jacobs]. Writing in the Outlook Dr.
Moses M. Collins said that the hospital was founded by Rabbi
Friedman. Also he said that the Statement that no Russian Jews
would be admitted to the National was untrue and that ninety per
cent of the patients were Russian Jews. He added that "Tubercu-
lars need milk and meat. It is not true that Russian Jews view with
loathing 'unkosher foods'."^ The J.C.R.S. denied that ii made any
such charges,^' but went right ahead seeking aid from the Nation-
ales supporters. In Cincinnati Dr. \Villiam Hillkowitz approached
the American Israeliie, Mrs. C. D. Spivak spoke at the Chicago
Council of Jewish Women where the national president, Hannah
Solomon, promised to work for a per capita tax,=* and Dr. Emil G.
Hirsch wrote an anicle for the Chicago Reform Advocate, com-
menting favorably on the work of the society.*-"^
Turned dowTi repeatedly by the local B'nai BVith lodge in its
requests for aid, the J.C.R.S. turned directly to Samuel Grabfelder,
the national president of the National Jewish Hospital, who \vrrote
to the J.C.R.S. that the institution ^^ras doing a good and noble
work, and that he was "anxious to become a contributor to the
J.C.R.S., and furthermore that he is perfectly willing to join any
movement toward the formation of a Central Organization that
would help stamp out the dreadful plague."***
F OOTN OTE S
^Maurice Fishberg, JO, Nov. 4. 1904. The residenu of West Colfax
did not refer to this section as a "ghetto" and it is doubtful if any of them ever
tliought of it as one.
'Fishberg, "Life of Ck^nsumptives in Denver Boarding Houses/' JO, Aug.'
12, 1904.
^Times, May 16, 1902.
VO. Jan. 1. 1904.
"^Ibid.
247
4
,4
.•
0
fi
0
>
>
recall the bandana. "'^ ""' *'"'^'"^"' "'^"V times. Othcrs do n*'
ajr^^ Jf'""^«. Oct. 51. 1903.
Jbtd., Nov. 14, 1903.
/^'<^.. Dec. 6. 1903.
^^OJ^\ lulv 5 1Q99 -TK
■'JCRslniJut«, Dec'25 ;S)3 ■ '''''"" '" *'*' '^""- by Spivak.
^ yo, Feb. 12. 1904.
i'v^-^^ "»'""'es, Apr. 7. 1904.
be.o:ftÄo'„.""' "^'" "•" ■-■" - -«' -B. M. „. s„„,„, ^,„,..
'vo,"jie';;: ri.f"'"' "-"• ""*'«• j«^ i,„.^„,.
'70, Apr. 15, 1904.
"JO. Apr. 22, 1904.
'VO. May 6, 1904.
ICR W*" ^"■'Pi^'^ R^P""t fron, AV«, £,„ ///„,,„-,. .,
"malidous rumor tldt the CRS ftn T"^ '!'" '""" '*> R"«! »"t origin of
■ts inmates eat the nesl. ofSe " ' "''"""^' "'^"^""^'^ ^^^ ^J» for 4'aV.;'
'V6/^., Oct. II, J904.
"/6/W, Apr. I, 1905.
''Ibid., Nov. 25. 1905.
Tl]
losis
bestol
the p\
He ^^
his ni
Heb]
deepll
Chf
horni
Davii
Heb]
the n
that
eousi
were
whenl
the d(
into
coul(
sacks
and tl
readi
publij
Ao
only
hend(i
to dol
Olai
248
'1
f
1
I
i
üV^
9
3
>
f Qo^^-^r^V'"'!'«'*- "^here had even been a Suggestion as ., .
«1904 that the nine Jewish charities should be ffdemed M^
Pisko who proposed the idea. pointcd out that the lews of ^
ßirfh r" P".T" •" ^"y ^^^ ^^-"y Organization ''^•^•
ßut the Central Committee and federation Suggestion were ,nK
merged in the deep Community rift which had 2!,Zh I ^^'
ssÄt? ^ T- '""''' ^^"p ^' •"- ^- st:tTui;rngt"wt:
CoJfax, rnatenaimng .nto the Jewish Consumptives Relief Societ!
iioi oniy tue J.C.R.S. and its leaders, but also manv of rh,. f
European or Orthodox ideals. On the side of The GeLan Refo^'
group was a handsome and populär lawyer. Alfred Muller w^
ach.eved prominence in all of his activit es HrLn^ed no/ ^^"^
as President of the local Bnai RVi.K ^ a u , ^^ °"'y
the ni«ri<-t r j I J "^ '"'^Sf^ ^"' ^'''f» as President of
c fy'f ALocia^e"^ rh '^" In communal affair. he se^ed on the
sikti^n M ^^""' f"^ °" ''^^ J"^^""^ Improvement As
sociation^ Most significantly, he was the secretary of the newlv
rrronl>er;o/rh "°^rj '^^ ^— A/an'd%rhi-
but aUo wT !, 'P""' ^^ ''^ "°' °"'y h«"«»-«! «ocally
ChJZ ? ' f ''T'^ '° '^^ ^'^''°"^' Conference of Jewish
Chanues. To what he had to say. the older Community lisL^ed
2:::'^cÄ^^^^^^^^^ iT"^^ ''' conditioL'r th^
iy appointed ^^X!::^. \T,^ ^ÄeTorh^^C^eS rS
Cornn^utee he brought to the attention of the Bnai ß'rTth lodge
as w^hln"-.''f °" T *''^'' """' ^'^^ -J^^'^'' Community so shocked
as when it leamed, mostly through newspaper headlines thar
How M n ! •!^^"" ^^ '^' ^'^"°"^' J^^^'^h Hospital.
Wh. hi H r k"1^" """^ '"^ ^'^^P^d ^° S°"'h America-K,r
what he did with the embezzled funds. are still mysteries. Er^[
verTe?e . ^°"P.' l^^' T ""' '"^ '-^ing Jewish lawye« in Den-
Jt'^Z l^^'^ "15 '^'^ "' "nraveling the facts. which Morris
set down m his autobiography.'
thi'h^^n!' w "*!,' "^"'I °^ '''" *^"'"""^' ^'"""' ^o Deposit all of
Je ho pual funds wuh the institution's treasurer in New York
hands. This was petty pilfenng compared to his other actions.
266
pL
th.
foi
Wi
pii
ai
H(
di(
Chi
to
if
mi]
Ml
coi
fal!
hi)
H<
bn
tO(
ch;
am^
tril
invj
hos
phi
1
tribi
ver.
fori
Ute!
Tc had even been a Suggestion as carlv
1 charities should be federated. M^
^a, pointed out that the Jews of Den^
Ly Wide charity Organization.
*e and federation Suggestion were sub-
lity rift which had resulted from the
ip of men in a störe building in West
? Jewish Consumptives Relief Society.
their refinement and began to attack
Is leaders. but also many of the East
|s. On the side of the German-Refonn
populär lawyer, Alfred Muller, who
lof his activities. He served not only
i B'rith lodge but also as president of
[n communal affairs he served on the
id on the Juvenile Improvement As-
% he was the secretary of the newly-
spital for Consumptives, and for his
tal he was not only honored locally,
the National Conference of Jewish
to say, the older Community listened
tn he reported the conditions in the
3 'rith lodge, a committee was prompt-
As a member of the Central Relief
|e attention of the B'nai ß'rith lodge
Hers and gave his time and eflForts to
las the Jewish Community so shocked
through newspaper headlines, that
'd suddenly, leaving behind a deficit
le National Jewish Hospital,
[end has it that he placed a wax dum-
and escaped to South America — or
lled funds, are still mysteries. Emest
of the leading Jewish lawyers in Den-
f unraveling the facts, which Morris
',y.«
je secretar}', Muller, to deposit all of
jinstitution's treasurer in New York.
he received personally ever left his
[ring compared to his other actions.
266
The hospital had borrowed a large sum of money from a Denver
bank. giving in return a note signed by Muller and Samuel Grab-
felder, the institution's national president. When the hospital was
ready to pay the note, the money was sent to Muller, who kepi
the money and signed renewal notes payable to the bank over his
own signature and the forged signature of Grabfelder.
Checks he received to pay Denver merchants for food and sup-
plies he handled similarly, foi^ing the endorsements and keepin^
the funds for himself. He told the local merchants that the funds
for payment were tied up in tlie East, and that they would have to
wait for their money. In addition, he purchased land for the hos
pital and reported that the purchase price was greater than the
amount he had actually paid, keeping the difference for himself.
He embezzled even the funds set aside for the patients to cover
their retum trip transportation from the hospital on their dis-
charge.
When the discovery was first made, there were some suggestions
to hush the whole matter, as it might be harmful to the hospital
if the Story were publicized. Grabfelder disagreed: "I am deter-
mined that no guilty man shall escape." Jaffa and Morris had
Muller's assistant arrested. The expert penman made a partial
confession, admitting that he had disguised his handwriting and
falsified the books on Muller's order. Feelings did not run as
high against him as they had against his deceased employer. Philip
Hombein offered to defend him. With twenty-seven charges
brought against him by the District Attomey, the wretched man
took a fatal dose of poison on die eve of the trial, "thus taking a
change of venue to a court invisible."
The hospital was able to recover a little more than half the
amount stolen. The leading officers of the institution made con-
tributions to restore to the hospital the entire balance. Both of the
investigating lawyers, Morris and Jaffa, became members of the
hospital's board of trustees, and Morris' sister-in-law, Mrs. Sera-
phine Pisko, was elected secretary of the hospital.
Unpleasant as die stor> was. nevertheless it appears that it con-
tributed toward the uniftcation of the Jewish Community in Den-
ver. Apparently unrelated events, viewed in retrospect, led to the
forming of the first Central Jewish Council in Denver. The min-
utes of the B'nai B'rith lodge record almost all of the events of
267
I.
i:
,1
\
i5
>
8
%■
majc.r s.gTiifica.ue in tl.c ( «mmunal life. From them the story can
be pieccd together. ' *"
When Dr. Spivak camc u. Denver, he was already a member ,»f
he Order m Philadelphia. He came to ü,e Denver'lodge 7« v.s
uor süon after his arr.val. bm did not present his petition for sev
iT' , L ,^ ''^'^ '^"'"^ "P°" '''^ «^^ene. On March 13, 1904
.te£!UÄ_who had been asked to serxe as president of ihe in!
lant J.C.K.S.. miroduced a resohition at the lodge:
^>I0() to the scK lety. w.th the conditions that the sum of $1900
c subscnbed and paid into the treasnry of the society from
The BRr^r k"'' J*''/ "'" ^"^'«^^y «ccept'n.embers selected by
h^ .? u'*^'"'^ ?^ trustees, with the same power as any of
the other members of the board.' ^
A (ommittee was appo.nted by the lodge to investigate and repon
to the lodge. At a following meeting the committee reported:
VVe attended a meeting of the DIrectors of said society and
are of the opmion that the promoters have no definite plan
outhned for the work of the society. nor does there seera to be
an unanimity of opinion among its directors. We are led to
bchc-ye they intcnd toorganize for the pur,x)se of caring for in-
curable consumptives and to make its scope a national one. as
they haye sent appeais broadcast over the country. Such an Or-
ganization can do a great deal of good to sufFering humanity
and a great deal of härm to Denver, to its Citizens and its
Jews. We are of the opinion that it will not be possible for
this society to get sufficient money to do efTectual work, and
that It will ultimately fail. We do not favor a donation at this
time by the Icxlge.*
Within the lodge were members of the board of the J.C.R S
Although the minutes do not describe the temper of the discus-
sion. the hour becanie so late that consideration was postponed
and a special meeting was scheduled. When the report came up
for approval on April 24. the approving votes, representing the
supporters of the National Hospital, were more than twice those
whom they opposed at the new institution— fifty to twenty-one.
Dr. Spivak had not yet petitioiied the lodge. Early the follow-
ing year, 1905. his friend, Dr. Philip Hillkowitz, asked for Infor-
mation on how Dr. Spivak could obtain a withdrawal card from
Ins Philadelphia lodge.» In April the petition was submitted and
rejected. Until the death of Muller and the ensuing scandal, the
268
qiic;
lo tl
rcgi
his
teni
lenj.
IVn.
DeL
nioi
Bl
Th.
wasi
^
int(|
dec
Dr.
the
1
sIkj
mu
th?
si\
an(
ch;
B'i
seti
sIki
necded another jt wish hospi.al in addiiion to ü.c Beüi Israel ;
Wes. Colfav Tl.e Jewish dc.c.rs were par.icularly anx ou .
estabLsh such a hospi.al. and wen- succcsh:! in crea.ing enöu '
of bo.l, conmunuy and naiion-wide interes, to build ihe GeneS
Rose Memorial Hospital.^" '^'cnera!
In 1930 the first gencral assembly of or^anizations was call«! !,.
the Alhcd Jewisli Community Council "
f
I
t
1
':
tl
»
•
I
s
>
9
t*.
t
FOOT NOTES
^BB minuttb, June 27, 1909, p. 59.
^Ernest Morris. •Gathcring Much, An Historical Narrative "
''BB minutes, Mar. 13, 1904, p. 28 and 29
^Ibid,, Apr. 10, 1904, p. 35.
''Ibid., Feb. 12, 1905, p. 103.
""Ibid., Apr. 26, 1908. p. 361.
"'Ibid., June 28, 1908, p. 374.
^Ibid., Dec. 10, 1911.
^Ibid., Apr. 14, 1912.
'''Ibid., Apr. 28, 1912.
'Ubid., Dec. 25, 1910, p. 184.
'^bid.^Y^h. 11, 1911, p. 199.
'mid., Feb. 11, 1912, p. 295.
UJ.\, ^o^. 12, 1915, Protest against Gary School System of released time
for rehgious Instruction; D]h\ Apr. 2. 1925. '^i^«i^tfa time
*^J. M. Morris papers. Mar. 26, 1939.
''Ibid., Charles I. Cooper report. Oct 8 1941
-?fe!d! mTq.ISs''' '^'^' ''"^"^"''" incorporated Mar. 17. 1913.
--oThe Story of the Opposition. Courtcsy American Jewish Archivcs.
-'DJN, Dec. 1, 1915, dissolved.
"ßy.V, Dec. 12, 1916.
^'J. M. Morris papers. Minutes of the n.eeting of the Special Committee
of the Conference of National Institutions in Denver. First meeting MaT 6
no year given. ^ ******* *".
^♦Constitution, as published in the Council's Blue Book 1943
"J. M. Morris papers, Aug. 22, 1945.
^^Ibid., Cooper report.
JK^r "^"T" ^Tl^' ^P"'"' '"^"'"«' '"^^^ Dissolution of the Central
Maylg, S' ' Disposition of the Intern,ountain Jeunsh Ne^s."
^^Ibid., papers, correspondence, Feb. 7, 1945.
276
The
munitvi
and biil
With i
Rabbi
issues tl
Nation,
was no
immistJ
the birtl
was noi
traditio
ing grol
everythj
vears, ii
variety
Aftei
Rabbi
becamel
With o
an ardel
life. Tl
lisher
The
the firsti
Jewish
not onl
ed subsl
«oa::srr:
■■*■,> la^t■t^ r.
t.Mut .»Tri-.- -«r T.
[spring 1971):
p. 42. Sny-
• ••p. 2.
1923.
Old Times,"
|querque,"pp.
1^. 25-26. Ju-
vlbuquerque,"
^red Februar)'
h 1886, when
U CO Old Al-
\rhe Territorial
|ue: privacely
iquerque," p.
|.pril 7, 1886.
Old Times,"
iiquerque," p.
in 1880 and
rion firm in
IWhiccomb, a
iS responsible
crque Indian
che old First
)S Angeles in
Ibuquerque,"
Sew Mexico
Press, 1979),
ed Bernalillo
when county
n Tijeras Av-
)used San Fe-
s condemned
20, 1888.
493. Victor
His Era (Tuc-
>), pp. 193-
p. 19. Füll
are provided
,e,"pp. 245-
rritorial del-
d States Con-
permanently
at Santa Fe. Larson, New Mexico's Quest forSt.it ehitod,
p. 193.
33. Carey McWilliams, Southern California
Country, An Island on the Land (New York: Duell,
Sloan & Pearce, 1946), p. 19.
34. Boyle, "The Economic History oi Albu-
querque," p. 15.
35. Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p.
157.
36. Gladys Neel, "History of Albuquerque"
(M.A. thesis, University oF New Mexico, 1928),
p. 1 1. Albuquerque's incorporanon followcd upon
passage of cwo territorial laws in 1884 spclling
out powers ofnew town governments. Charles D.
BiebeI,"Cultural Change on che Southwest Fron-
tier: Albuquerque Schooling, 1870-1895," New
Mexico Historical Review, 55 (1980): 219.
37. Morris Taylor, Trinidad. Colorado Territory
(Trinidad: Trinidad State Junior College, 1966),
pp. 106, 114. After his term as mayor, Henry
Jaffa left Albuquerque for a number of years. Re-
turning in 1899, he established the Jaffa Grocery
Company, according to Dreesen ("Early Sectlers of
Albuquerque," pt. 3), on Railroad Avenue be-
tween First and Second, later the site of the Al-
buquerque National Bank. A receipt from the firm
dated November 1, 1901 (ten months after Jaffas
death, Januar)' 9), however, gives the location as
115 South Second. Mise. Lccterhead and Cover
File, Albuquerque, NMSRCA.
38. Municipal Records, City Clerks Office, Al-
buquerque, Book 1, passim.
39. Judge W. C. Heacock drew up the first
ordinanccs. For many years, town Council meet-
ings were held in the officeof the municipal clerk,
Jesse Wheelock, located in the Crom well Block,
on Second and Gold. Albuquerque Herald. August
13, 1923.
40. Neel, "History of Albuquerque," p. 12;
and Haines, History of Neiv Mexico, p. 294.
41. Neel, "History of Albuquerque," p. 20.
42. As noted in Chapter 2, serious doubt exists
that a legal Spanish grant was ever made to the
villa of Albuquerque. A summary of the secondary
documentation can be seen in Albuquerque Town
Grant, Its Character and Htstory (Washmgton, D.C.:
W. H. Moore, Printer, 1881).
43. Metzgar, "The Atrisco Land Grant," pp.
276-80. Neel, "History of Albuquerque, "pp. 23-
25.
44. Amy Passmore Hurt, "Albuquerque — Old
and New, " Neu Mexico Magazine. 1 2 ( March 19^5):
39. F. A. Ehmann, "The Effect of the Railroad on
New Mexico, "P^jjwW, El Paso County Historical
Society, 8 (1962): 56-57.
45. Roy A. Stamm, "Boardwalk Town," New
Mexico Ma'^azine. 34 (March 1956); 17.
46. Albuquerque Rei'iew. December31, 1879.
47. Quoted in Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albu-
querque," p. 144.
48. Albuquerque Review. April 5, 1879.
49. Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p.
139.
50. Albuquerque Journal. April 30, 1940.
51. Janet Kromer, "History of Newspapers in
Albuquerque," typescript (March 1, 1938), WPA
Files, Bernalillo County, NMSRCA, p. 3.
52. Quoted in the Albuquerque Journal. April
30, 1930.
53. Kromer, "History of Newspapers in Al-
buquerque," p. 7.
54. Stratton, The Territorial Press ofNew Mexico.
p. 212.
55. Kromer, "History of Newspapers in Al-
buquerque," p. 8.
56. Westphall, Thomas Benton Catron, pp. 246,
254.
57. William Keleher, Memoirs. p. 29.
58. Westphall, Thomas Benton Catron. p. 269;
and Kromer, "History of Newspapers in Albu-
querque," p. 8.
59. Quoted in the Albuquerque Journal, April
30, 1940. For contemporary accounts of the Conk-
lin murder, see, Santa Fe New Mexican. December
27, 1880; and Albuquerque Journal. December 30,
1880. Also see Julia Keleher, "Old Days in Old
Albuquerque," p. 55.
60. William J. Parish, The CharUs llfeld Com-
pany (Cambridge, Mass.: Han-ard University Press,
1961), p. 241. Daniel T Kelly, The Buffalo Head.
A Century of Mercantile Pioneering in the Southwest
(Santa Fe: Vergara Publishing Co., 1972), pp. 58-
59. See also Beatrice llfeld Meyer, Don Luis llfeld
(Albuquerque: The Albuquerque Historical Soci-
ety, 1973).
6 1 . Albuquerque Revieti: January 4, 1880. Also,
Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p. 146-
47.
62. Albuquerque Review. January 7, 1880.
63. Albuquerque Daily Joufyial. FebrusLT)' S, 1881;
and Boyle, "The Economic Histor)' of Albuquej;^^..
que." pp. 77-78.
6-4. Boyle, "The Economic History of Albu-
querque," pp. 46, 54.
'■iiii
I I !•
ö(m|
r
<rh^
Notes for pages 232-25 9 / 407
25. Alhuqueyqut Journal. February 1. 1881.
26. Santa Fe Seu Mtxhan. February -4, 1881.
2"'. In reianng che Porter episode, I have gen-
eraiiy followed the accounts given in the Alhu-
querqueJouniaL April 30, 1940; and Steve Peters,
Incm^^Ctr^^ Reä Riier and Üthtr True Startes of
Seu Mexico (Santa Fe; privately printed, 1971),
pp. 29-39. Unfortunately, rhese and other sources
Vary wideiy in some of the details. For example,
Hoyt, Ä Fromier Doctor, p. 150, claims that Pan-
taleön Miera, not Marino Leyba, was the ^ang
leader.
28. Han-ey Fergusson, Home in the U'W/. p. 40.
29. Quoted in Howard Bryan, "Off the Beaten
V^th," Alhuqiwque Tribüne, December 14, 1972.
30. Snyder, '*Give Us the Good Old Times,"
p. 6.
31. Wilson, Neu Mexico 100 Years Ago. p. 31.
32. Datl) Neu Alexican. April 6, 1881.
33. A Ibuqueique Journal, j u 1 >' 2 8 , 1881.
34. Rebord, "A Social History of Albuquer-
que," p. 38.
35. Neel, "History ofAlbuquerque," p. 16.
36. Albuquei-que Tribüne, July 1, 1935.
37. Neel, "History ofAlbuquerque," p. 28.
38. Roy A. Stamm, "The Albuquerquc Stör)' —
Silk Hat Days," New Mexico Magazine, 34 (April
1956): 19.
39. Albuquerque Moming Journal, MdiT&iG, 1882.
40. Meyer, Don Luis Üfeld, p. 10.
41. William Keleher, Mernoirs, p. 21.
42. Quoted in William Keleher, Mernoirs. p.
33. In 1900, the ciry introduced a hose wagon
pulled by horses and also created a salaried fire
department, chus doing away with the old vol-
unteer companies.
43. Lange and Riley, The Sourhuestern Journals
of Adolph F. Bandelier, 2: 331.
44. Wilson, New Mexico WO Years Ago. p. 26.
45. Santa Fe New Mexican. May 13, 1884.
46. Albuquerque Dail) Democrat, Ma\' 28 and
June 8, 1883.
47. Rufus H. Carter, Jr., "A Historical Study
of Floods Prior to 1892 in the Rio Grande Wa-
tershed, New Mexico," (M.S. thesis, University of
New Mexico, 1953), p. 16.
48. Albuquerque Moming Journal, May 27, 1884.
49. Albuquerque Moming Journal, May 22, 1884.
50. Carter, "A Historical Study of Floods," pp.
19-20.
51. Albuquerque Momiiig Journal, May 31, 1884.
410 / Notes for pages 292-303
52. Quottd in Albuquerqut Mom/m: Journal. )une
3, 188-4.
53. Lange and Riley, The Southuestern Journals
of Adolph F. Bandelitr. 2: V^2; and Carter, 'A His-
torical Study of Floods," p. 19.
54. Albuquerque Eitning DetniKvat. july 20, 1885.
55. Albuquerque Moming Jout^ial. )uly21, 1885
56. Albuquerque Evening Democrat, June 10
1884.
57. Daily Citizen. April 15, 1891.
58. Fitzpatrick, "Those Old Time Tales," p.
120; and Balcomb, A Boy's Albuqutrque. p 54.
59. Clark, "Albuquerque," p. 7.
C H A P T F R 11
The Finer Things
1 . A Ibuquerque Tribüne . J u 1 >• 1 , 1935.
2. Albuquerque Herald. February 26, 1923.
3. Frank D. Reeve, ed., "Notes and Docu-
ments," New Mexico Historical Reuen, 24 ( 1949);
68. See also, Margaret Connell Szasz, "Albuquer-
que Congregationalists and Southwestern Social
Reform: 1900-1917," New Mexico Histornal Re-
tiew, 55 (1980): 231-32.
4. Reeve, "Notes and Documents," p. 68.
5. John W. Hood, "Methodism in Albuquer-
que, 1879-1939," (M.A. thesis: University of New
Mexico, 1947), pp. 2-5. Hood asserts that the
Methodist Church was the first built in New AI-
buquerque. But this contradicts Statements in the
Albuquerque Herald, February 26, 1923, and in
Snyder, "Give Us the Good Old Times," p. 1,
which confirm that the the Congregationalists were
first. Snyder's sister was one of the three original
members of Ashley's congregation.
6. William Keleher, Mernoirs, p. 30.
7. Twitchell, Leading Facts. 2: 35 1-52; and
James M. Stoncy, Light mg the Candlt, The Episcopal
Church on the Upper Rio Grande (Santa Fe: Rydal
Press, 1961), p. 38.
8. Korber's story is told by Royce Jane Balch,
"Jacob Korber, Early Businessman of Albuquer-
que, New Mexico, 1881-192 1," (M.B.A. thesis:
University of New Mexico, 1955).
9. Hood, "Methodism in Albuquerque," p. 19.
10. SiZ2in\t)\The Duke City, p. 143; and Norton
B. Stern, ed., "First Synagogue at Albuquerque,
1900," Western States Jeu ish Histornal Quarterly, 1 1
(October 1978): 46. According ro investigation
by Byron Johnson, history curator, Museum of
•
Albuquerque, the Ten",
lected in a lottery in w
gregation participated.
lottery and so his given
11. Horgan, Lam
12. Gasparn served
lillo County superinter
History of the Italians in
year the legislaturc at S.
public Instruction in
Superintendent and co
Not until 1884 did it
for the Formation ot
Benjamin M. Read, A
Mexico (Santa Fe: New N
p. 18. Also, B. W. K
New Mexico," typescn
seum of New Mexico 1
sult, E. R. Vollmar, ^
New Mexico," Neu
(1952): 296-99.
13. Lehman, "San
80; and Boyle, "The
querque," p. 19-
14. Böhme, A H
Mexico, p. 53.
15. Browne, Trai^
120.
16. Segale, At tht
188.
17. Ibid.
18. Announcemei
Journal, September 3]
19. Böhme, A h\
Mexico, p. 1 18; and.
"A Histor>' of Admii
Public Schools,"(M
Mexico, 1950), p. V|
20. Segale, At th.
2.34.
21. Ibid., p. 23^1
22. French, Sistt
cent's Academy,"(M|
Mexico, 1942), pa;
Histor)' of Catholic|
(M.A. thesis, Univ(
p. 63.
23. Quoted in
Mexico, p. 82.
24. Howard Bry
buquerque Tribüne,
Strong Shambergerl
1
t
|?ij^?jn!f^
'Coming Jounul. June
''^i^thuestmi Journals
lind Carter, "A His-
r
yrat,]u\y2i), 1885.
'^/.july 21, 1885.
\^emocrat, June 10,
, 1891.
'^ Time Tales," p.
'Uiqutrque. p. 54.
p. 7.
>igs
l, 1935.
Liary 26, 1923.
Xotes and Docu-
RevieiL% 24 (1949):
Szasz, "Albuquer-
luchwestern Social
xico Historiial Re-
ncncs," p. 68.
!ism in Albuquer-
InivcTsicv of New
J asserrs thar che
builr in New Al-
^ sracemenrs in che
-V), 192^, and in
)ld Times," p. 1,
:rct,Mrionahsrs were
rhc rhrce original
on.
• p. ^0.
2: 35 1-52; and
nhili'. T/h' Ef)iscopal
(Santa Fe: Rydal
Rt)vce Jane Balch,
nan oi Albuquer-
(M.13.A. thesis:
uqucrque,"p. 19-
14 V and Norton
ar Albuquerque,
>uul Uuarterl), I 1
fi) invescigation
icor. Museum of
Albuquerque, the Temple Albert's name was se-
lected in a lottery in which members of the con-
gregation participated. Albert Grunsfeld won the
lottery and so his given name went on the temple.
11. Horgan, Lam) of Santa Fe. p. 343.
12. Gasparri served brieHy in 1872 as Berna-
lillo County Superintendent of schools. Böhme, A
History of the Italtans tn New Alextco. p. 54. In that
.year the legislature at Santa Fe passed a law placing
public instruction in the hands of a territorial
Superintendent and county school suerintendents.
Not until 1884 did it enact a measure providing
for the formation of local school disrricts. See,
Benjamin M. Read, A History of Eäiuatton in Stru
Mexico (Santa Fe: New Mexican Printing Co. , 1911),
p. 18. Also, B. W. Kennev, "Earlv Educacion in
New Mexico," typescript (January 19, 1938), Mu-
seum ot New Mexico Library, Santa Fe. Also, con-
suit, E. R. Vollmar, S. J., "First Jesuit School in
New Mexico," New Mexico Historical Reiiew. 21
(1952): 296-99.
13. Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p.
80; and Boyle, "The Economic History of Albu-
querque," p. 19.
14. Böhme, A History of the Ita/ians in New
Mexico, p. 53.
15. Browne, Traäer on the Santa Fe Trail. p.
120.
16. Segale, At the Ena of the Santa Fe Trat/, p.
188.
17. Ibid.
18. Announcemenc in the A/l)nqi4tr(jNe Mornmg
Journa/. September 3, 1882.
19. Böhme, A Histofj of the Ita/ians in Ntu
Mexico, p. 118; and, Helen Stanisfer Kavanaugh,
"A History of Administration in the Albuquerque
Public Schools," (M.A. thesis, University of New
Mexico, 1950), p. 9.
20. Segale, At the Ena of the Santa Fe Trai/. p.
234.
21. Ibid., p. 2^9.
22. French, Sister Florita, "History of St. Vin-
cents Academy," (M.A. thesis, University of New
Mexico, 1942), passim. And, Louis Avant, "A
History ot Catholic Education in New Mexico,"
(M.A. thesis, University of New Mexico, 1940),
p. 63.
2V Quoted in Owens, y^i//// Beginn mi^s in Neu
Mtxico. p. 82.
24. Howard Bryan, "Off the Beaten Path. .A/-
hucfUtrijue Trihunt. May 10, 1979; and Elizabeth
Srrong Shamberger, "A Thirty '^ear Educational
HistoryofAlbuquerque. New Mexico"(M. A. the-
sis, University of New Mexico, 1928), pp. 19-
20. For decailed background on the Albuquerque
Academy. see, Biebel, 'Culrural Change on the
Southwest Frontier," pp. 21^-16.
25. E. R. Harringcon, "History of the Albu-
querque High School. 1879-1955," typescript
( 1956), Woodward Collection, NMSRCA, pp. 6-
7. A/huquerquü H^a/d. January 8, 1923. Kavan-
augh, "A History of Administration," pp. 11-14.
The city ot Albuquerque later acquired the Acad-
emy property, razed Perkins Hall in 1924, and
erected a new public library on che site.
26. Shamlx-rger, "A Thirty "i'ear Educational
History," p. 6.
2"^. Lillie G. McKinney, "History of the Al-
buquerque Indian School, ' New Mexico Historica/
Review. 20 (1945): 111-12.
28. >X'illiam G. Kitch, I//ustrated Neu' Mexico.
Histonca/ and Industria/ (Santa Fe: Bureau of Im-
migration, 1885), p. 93.
29. McKinney, "History of the Albuquerque
Indian School," p. 1 18.
30. In 1934, Menaul School became a coedu-
cational senior high school. Initially limited to
Hispano pupils, it now accepts any Student who
applies. See, Lois Edith Huebert, "A History of
Presbyrerian Church Schcx)ls in New Mexico" (M.S.
thesis. L'niversity of New Mexico, 1964), p. 48.
For a brief history of the Menaul family (originally
spelled "'McNaul") see a letter in New Mexico Mag-
azine. 46 (January 1968): 36. Also consult a story
on the schools 90th anniversary reported in the
AlhNijNtnfNeJnurna/. Ocrober 3 1 , 197 1 ; and Lucias
E. Bück, "An Inquiry into the Presbyterian Edu-
cational Missions in New Mexico," (M.A. thesis,
University of Southern California, 1949).
31. Balcomb, A Boys Alhnquerque. p. 59. Ka-
vanaugh, "A History of Administration," pp. 14-
16.
32. Harrington, "History of the Albuquerque
High School," pp. 11-13.
33. Kavanaugh, "A History of Administra-
tion," pp. ^5-36. Albuqucrque's best-known Su-
perintendent was John Milne, a native of Scotland
who headed the school syscem for almosr half a
Century, beginning about 1910. Milne Stadium
was named in his honor. In 1893, the school board
lost SIS. 000 when the First National Bank oi
Albuquerque closed. For a nme. it coufd-'Ti^Tf^jtX'
local teachers. See, Boyle. The Economic History
ot Albuquerque, " p. 19.
Sntes for pa^t} ^ff(r ^ ! I 4 1 1
nian/(J h\ Dtwirr. Hi^tori, Ah-h.fiayifin hnin pp
4S ^')
^S Harve\ Ferkiusson, Ri' CnufiJt. p. 2H2.
^9 Ciilbcrto Fspmosa, "New Albuqucrtjuc, /:/
hiJtptthiiaih. Oac^her 18. 190«.
irf**Ä9vertiscmcnt iii che Alhuqui'rqut: Wornin^
juuniuL August 3, 190*), quotcJ in Hllis, "Trolley
Tracts," p. 17. See also, Sam Bass Warner, Jr. ,
Sfreetcar Suburbs. The Process of Grouth in Boston.
/(S70-/90(MCambri(Jge, xMass.: Harvard Univer-
sity Press, 19~8), p. 1-4.
41. Eliis, "Trolley Tracts," pp. 8-9.
42. Ibid., pp. 13-17. The area surrounding
Luna Place is now termed the Fourrh Ward His-
torie Distncr.
43. T. iM. Pearce, Man Hunter Austin (New
Haven: College and University Press, 1965), pp.
56-57.
44. Lewis Mumtord, The City m Histm-), (New
York: Harcourt, Brace & World. 1961), p. 429.
45. Alhuqueiqut' HeraU, ]u\\ 16, 1923.
46. Rebord. "A Social History ot Albuquer-
que," pp. 50-5 1.
47. Major Whiting, a native of Detroit, fought
at the battles ot' Gettysburg and the Wilderness.
After being mustered out of ser\'ice in 1866, he
came to New Mexico as correspondent for the Ken
York World. He later moved to Albuquerque as
clerk of the United States District Court. One of
his interests was agriculture and he became in-
volved in several experimental farming projects.
Haines, History of New Mexico, pp. 531-32. The
burial site of the cannon was apparently near the
major's home, which was on the southwest corner
of Rio Grande Boulevard, one block south of Perea
Road. Aurora Hunt, The Ann) of the Pacific (Glen-
dale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark, 1951), p. 67.
48. Quoted in William Keleher, Tunnoil in Keu
Mexico, p. 208.
49. Albuquerque Journal, August 10, 1942.
50. Ibid., November 11, 195 1 . Some question
remains as to the actual number of cannon buried
and recovered. Most sources mention emht, but
others refer to only six. If in fact. eight wcre found.
then two of them are unaccounted for. Dewitt,
Historie Albuquerque Today, p. 23, maintains there
were originally eight guns, and states, "Two can
be Seen in Old Town Plaza, one is in Fort Union,
and others have been dispersed to other states."
Thegun at Ft. Union, actually. was recently brought
from the Fast. On April 2', 1963, Major Teel's
son, James T. Teel, and other descendants partic-
ifxired in a dcdication u-rernony ar the unvtilm»
ut a nioniimcnt on the plaza honunng Ci)nlcdfrare
war dead Alhuqmrquc h/bunt. April 2", 196^.
51. Neel. History i)f Albuqiic'rque,' fv 5 1.
52. Alhuqut-rqut M'^rnini^ Journal. August 21
IS8S.
53. Erna Fergusson, Albuquerque. p. 5.
54. James, Seu Mexico, p. 453.
55. Max Frost, New Mexico (ofificial publication
ot the Bureau of Immigration; Santa Fe; New Mex-
ican Printing Co., 189^4), p. 279.
56. W. A. Gekler, "Climate and Tuberculosis,"
New Mexico A [agazine . 1 5 (J an uary 1937): 22-23.
57. R. W. Wiley, "The Heart of the Well
Country," Santa Fe Magazine. 10 (March 1916)
54.
56. Wiley, "The Heart of the Well Country,"
pp. 53-54.
59. Sunshine and Heulth in Albuquerque (Albu-
querque: Civic Council, 1932), p. 4.
60. Inten'iew with John Ellis, Januar)' 3, 19"'9.
61. Death Certiticates, 1911-17, vol. II, Ber-
nalillo County Records, Albuquerque.
62. Schmedding, Couboy and Indian Trader. p.
62.
6r Erna Fergusson, Our Southwest, p. 233.
64. Rebord, "A Social History of Albuquer-
que," p. 42; and Albuqueique Moni/pi^Jounul. April
26 and May 18, 1882.
65. Stuart W. Adler, "Health Care," in Bicen-
tennial 76 — Albuquerque Reniembers (Albuquerque:
Modern Press, 1977), p. 67.
GG. Billy M. Jones, Health-Seekers in the South-
west. 1817-1900 (Norman: University of Okla-
homa Press, 1967), p. 114.
67. Rosalie Doolittle, "Plant It, Water It, It
Grows," in Enchantorania , p. 69.
68. Quoted in Balcomb, A Boy 's Albuquerque.
p. 61.
69. Quoted in Albert D. Richardson, Btyond
the Mississippi (Harttbrd, Conn.: American Pub-
lishing Co., 1867), p. 253.
CHAPTER 13:
Politics and Prejuäice Intruäe
1 . Sister Lucretia Pittman, S.C. , "Solomon Luna,
Sheepmaster and Politician of New Mexico," (M.A.
thesis, St. Louis University, n.d.), p. 111.
2. Santa Fe Neu Mexican. August 30, 1912.
I
t
r
%
^ l'ndated clippir..
Bergcre Scrapbonk, (
ot Ne>A MexKu Libra:
4. Callars, "A Poln
Hubbell. ■ pp. 22 2^
5. Interview w ith 1
and Irene Fisher, Batf
tas, N.M.: Tumblewei
6. Callary, "A Polit
Hubbell," p. 2V
7. Curt Moyer, "T!
pany, Sheep and Cattli
neu. 54 (1979): 72. «
Hubbell from ofifice cai
Mexicos Republican j
dore Roosevelt asked tl
he did. Larson, Neu A'|
233.
8. Kromer, "Histr
querque," p. 5.
9. Howard Bryan.
bu querque Tri bunt. M.v
10. Quoted in A/>
1952. On this date,
Robert A. Taft, was ii
own, unsuccesstul, ca
11. Dorothy I. Cl
Manager Plan. 19 T
versity ot New Mexicc
Publication, 1951), [
12. William Kelei
13. Cline, Albuqu
Plan, p. 7. ,
14. Hughes, Puebi\
39. Albuquerque Jourt^
1 5 . Santa Fe Neu
16. Lyle W. Dorsc
of Denier (Boulder, C'
1977), pp. 180-81.
17. Paul Horgan.
York: Farrar, Straus .
18. A Ibuquerqut ^ J '
19. William Kelc
20. Oppenheimer,
Albuquerque. p. 42.
21. William Kelel
22. Robert Hoathl
Other Stories of New A
Printing Co., 1950).
23. Ralph H. ViJ
sion: The Peculiar C\
414 / Notes for paiies 3 3 S-3 3 0
s
vWvK^^
{'r'!i'|:-.! {'TH^i^i^rrrwnrnn ,
pring 1971):
p. 42. Snv-
.••p. 2.
11923.
Old Times,"
:]uerque,"pp.
1^. 25-26. Ju-
Ibuquerque,"
'ced Fe b man'
1 1886, when
i CO Old Al-
Yhe Territorial
|iue: privacely
querque," p.
pril 7, 1886.
Old Times,"
querque," p.
in 1880 and
tion firm in
vVhiccomb, a
s responsible
-■rque Indian
:he old First
s Angeles in
ibuquerque,"
Stw Mexico
'^ress, 1979),
:d Bernalillo
vvhen councy
n Tijeras Av-
)used San Fe-
^ condemned
20, 1888.
493. Victor
7/j Era (Tuc-
S), pp. 193-
p. 19. Füll
are provided
ie,"pp. 245-
rritorial del-
J States Con-
permanently
at Santa Fe. Larson, Netc Mexicos Quest forStatehooä.
p. 193.
33. Carcy McWilliams. Southern California
Country, An Island on the Land {\q^- York: Duell,
Sloan & Pearce, 1946), p. 19.
34. Boyle, 'The Economic History of Albu-
querque," p. 15.
35. Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p.
157.
36. Gladys Neel, "History of Albuquerque"
(M.A. thesis, University of x\cw Mexico, 1928),
p. 1 1. Albuquerque 's incorporation followcd upon
passage of two territorial laws in 1884 spelling
out powers of new town governments. Charles D.
Biebel,"Cultural Change on the Southwest Fron-
tier: Albuquerque Schooling, 1870-1895," Neu
Mexico Htstorical Review, 55 (1980): 219.
37. Morris Taylor, Trinidad. Colorado Territory'
(Trinidad: Trinidad State Junior College, 1966),
pp. 106, 114. Atter his term as mayor, Henry
Jaffa lett Albuquerque for a number of years. Re-
turning in 1899, he established the Jaffa Grocery
Company, according to Dreesen ("Early Settiers of
Albuquerque," pt. 3), on Railroad Avenue be-
tween First and Second, later the Site of the Al-
buquerque National Bank. A receipt from the Hrm
datcd November 1, 1901 (ten monrhs after Jaffas
death, January 9), howevcr, gives the location as
115 Souch Second. Mise. Letterhead and Cover
File, Albuquerque, NMSRCA.
38. Municipal Records, City Clerks Ofüce, Al-
buquerque, Book I, passim.
39. Judge W. C. Heacock drew up the hrst
ordinances. For many years, town Council meet-
ings werc held in the ottice of the municipal clerk,
Jessc VVheelock, located in the Crom well Block,
on Second and Gold. Albuquerque Herald. August
13, 1923.
40. Neel, "History of Albuquerque," p. 12;
and Haines, History of Netc Mexico, p. 294.
41. Neel, "History of Albuquerque,' p. 20.
42. As noced in (^haprcr 2, serious doubt exists
rhat a legal Spanish grant was ever made ro the
Villa of Albuquerque. A summary of che secondary
documentation can be seen in Al/;uquerqut Tonn
Grant, Its Character and History ( Washmgton, D.C. :
W. H. Moore, Printer, 1881).
43. Metzgar, "The Arrisco Land Grant." pp.
276-80. Neel, "History of Albuquerque." pp. 23-
25.
44. Amy Passmore Hurt, "Albuquerque — Old
and New. " /\V// Mexico Maj^azine. 1 2 ( Marc h 19-^5):
39. F. A. Ehmann. "The Effect of rhe Railroad on
New Mexico. "R;JJ:^W. El PasoCounty- Historical
Society, 8 (1962): 56-57.
ä
45. Roy A. Stamm. "Board walk Town, ' New
Mexico Mai:jzint. 3 * (March 1956): P.
46. Albuquerque Ret leu. December31, 1879.
47. Quored in Lehman, 'Santa Fe and Albu-
querque," p. 144.
48. Albuquerque Retieu. April 5, 1879.
49. Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p.
139.
50. Albuqutrquc Journal. April ^0, 1940.
51. Jancr Kromer, "History of Newspapers in
Albuquerque," cypcscript (March 1, 1938), WPA
Files, Bernalillo County, NMSRCA, p. 3.
52. Quoted in che Albuquerque Journal. April
30, 1930.
53. Kromer. "History of Newspapers in Al-
buquerque, " p. 7.
54. Stratton, The Territorial Press o/Neti' Mexico,
p. 212.
55. Kromer, "History of Newspapers in Al-
buquerque," p. 8.
56. Westphall, Thomas Benton Catron. pp. 246,
254.
57. William Keleher, Mernoirs. p. 29.
58. Westphall, Thomas Benton Catron. p. 269;
and Kromer, "Hiscory of Newspapers in Albu-
querque," p. 8.
59. Quoted in che Albuquerque Journal. April
30, 1940. Forcontemporary accountsof the Conk-
lin murder, see, Santa Fe New Mexican. December
27, 1880; and Albuquerque Journal. December 30,
1880. Also see Julia Keleher, "Old Days in Old
Albuquerque," p. 55.
60. William J. Parish, The Charles ll}\ld Com-
pany (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Universitv Press,
1961), p. 241. Daniel T Kelly, The Buffa'lo Head.
A Century of Mercantile Pioneering in the Southwest
(Santa Fe: Vergara Publishing Co. , 19''2), pp. 58-
59. See also Beatrice Ilfeld Meyer, Don Luis llfeld
(Albuquerque: The Albuquerque Historical Soci-
ety, 197 3).
61. Alhuquerqut Review. ]mudiT\ A, 1880. Also,
Lehman, "Santa Fe and Albuquerque," p. 146-
47.
62. Albuquerque Review. January 7, 1880.
63. Albuquerque Daihjounul. Ftbru3.r\- H, 1881;
and Boyle. "The Economic History of Albuquex^.^
que, pp. ■- 8.
64. Boyle, The Economic History of Albu-
querque," pp. 46. 54.
i.
4
Nott.y for pa^ts 232-239 -iO'
p^:|7^?T^|*^ii;|4j-^
^onimgjoimiai, June
'i4thu estef-fi Journals
-ind Carter, "A His-
|'cr^/.July2ü, 1885.
W. July 21, 1885.
\emocrat, June 10,
. 1891.
'd Time Tales," p.
'lufu^rqut. p. 54.
P'
l, 1935.
Liar>' 26, 1923.
N'oces and Docu-
Rinini', 24 (1949):
Szasz, "Aibuquer-
'uchwesrern Social
:.v/ivy Histoncal Re-
Tiencs,'" p. 68.
iism in Albuquer-
L'niversity of New
d asserrs thac che
builr in New Ai-
> scaremcnrs in che
26, 192^, and in
)ld Times," p. 1,
:reLMcionaIiscs were
rhtr rhrce original
nn.
'. p. 30.
2: 35 1-52; and
.'W/c. The Episcopal
(Sanca Fe: Rydal
^^oyce Jane Balch,
nan ot Albuquer-
(M B A. chesis:
5).
'uquerque,"p. 19-
14^; and Norcon
ac Albuquerque,
'7c.// (2üjrterly. 1 1
: Co invcscigacion
<iCv»r. Museum of
Albuquerque, che Temple Albercs name was se-
lecced in a locren»- in which members ot" che con-
gregation participaced. Albert Grunsteld won che
lotcery and so his given name went on che temple.
11. Horgan, Lamy nj Santa Ft. p. 343.
12. Gasparri served bricHy in 1872 as Berna-
lillo Councy Superintendent of schools. Böhme, A
History of the Italtans in Neu- Mexico, p. 54. In that
year che legislature ac Sanca Fe passed a law placing
public inscruction in the hands of a territorial
Superintendent and county school suerintendents.
Not until 18S-4 did it cnact a mcasure providing
for the formacion of local school districts. See,
Benjamin M. Read, A Histot-y of Eäination in Neu-
Mexico (Santa Fe: New Mexican Printing Co. , 19 1 1),
p. 18. Also, B. W. Kenney, "Early Education in
New Mexico," typescript (January 19, 1938), Mu-
seum of New Mexico Library, Sanca Fe. Also, con-
sulc, E. R. Vollmar, S. J., "Firsc Jesuic School in
New Mexico," New Mexico Htstorical Review, 27
(1952): 296-99.
13. Lehman, "Sanca Fe and Albuquerque," p.
80; and Boyie, "The Economic History of Albu-
querque," p. 19.
14. Böhme, A History of the Italians in Neu'
Mexico, p. 53-
15. Browne, Tracier on the Santa Fe Trail. p.
120.
16.
188.
17.
18. Announcemenc in che Albuquerque Morning
Journal, September 3, 1882.
19. Böhme, A Histoty of the Italians in New
Mtxhu. p. 118; and, Helen Stanisfcr Kavanaugh,
"A History ot Administration in the Albuquerque
Public Schools," (M.A. thesis, University of New
Mexico, 1930), p. 9.
20. Segale, At the Ena of the Santa Fe Trail, p.
234.
21. Ibid., p. 239.
22. French, Sister Florita, "History of St. Vin-
cents Academy," (M.A. thesis, University of New
Mexico, 19-42), passim. And, Louis Avant, "A
History of Catholic Education in New Mexico,"
(M.A. thesis, University of New Mexico, 1940),
p. 63.
23 Quoted in Ov^'cns, Jesuit Begtnntngs in New
Mexico, p. 82.
2 4 Howard Bryan, "Off the Beaten Path, 'A/-
huqutrque Tnhunt. May 10, 19^9; and Elizabeth
Strong Shamberger, "A Thirty Year Educational
Segale, At the EnJ of the Santa Fe Trail. p,
Ibid.
History of Albuquerque, New Mexico" (M.A. the-
sis, Universicy of New Mexico, 1928), pp. 19-
20. For decailed background on che Albuquerque
Academy, see, Biebel, "Culcural Change on che
Souchwest Froncier," pp. 213-16.
25. E. R. Harrington, "History of the Albu-
querque High School, 1879-1955," typescripc
( 1956), Woodward CoUection, NMSRCA, pp. 6-
7. Albuquerque Heralä. January 8, 1923. Kavan-
augh, "A History of Administration, "pp. 11-14.
The city of Albuquerque later acquired the Acad-
emy property, razed Perkins Hall in 1924, and
erected a new public library on the site.
26. Shamberger, "A Thirty Year Educational
History," p. 6.
27. Lillie G. McKinney, "History of the Al-
buquerque Indian School," New Mexico Historical
Revieu: 20 (1945): 111-12.
28. William G. Ritch, lllustrateci New Mexico,
Historical and Industrial (Santa Fe: Bureau of Im-
migration, 1885), p. 93.
29. McKinney, "History of the Albuquerque
Indian School," p. 118.
30. In 1934, Menaul School became a coedu-
cational senior high school. Initially limited to
Hispano pupils, ic now accepcs any scudenc who
applies. See, Lois Edich Hueberc, "A Hiscory of
Presbycerian Church Sch(x:)ls in New Mexico" (M.S.
chesis, Universicy of New Mexico, 1964), p. 48.
For a brief hiscory of che Menaul family (originally
spelled "McNaul") see a leccer in Neu- Mexico Mag-
azine. 46 (January 1968): 36. Also consulc a scory
on che schools 90ch anniversary reported in the
Albuquaque Journal. October ^ 1 , 197 1; and Lucias
E. Bück, "An Inquiry into the Presbyterian Edu-
cational Missions in New Mexico," (M.A. thesis,
University of Southern California, 1949).
31. Balcomb, A Boys Albuquerque. p. 59. Ka-
vanaugh, "A History of Administration," pp. 14-
16.
32. Harrington, "History of the Albuquerque
High School," pp. 11-13.
33. Kavanaugh, "A History of Administra-
tion," pp. ^5-36. Albuquerque's best-known Su-
perintendent was John Milne, a native of Scotland
who headed the school System for almost half a
Century, beginning about 1910. Milne Stadium
was named in his honor. In 1893, the school board
lost S 18, ()()() when the First Nacional Bank of
Albuquerque closed. For a Cime, ic coufd>^(7fTi^'
local ceachers. See, Boyle. The Economic Hiscory
ot Albuquerque," p. 19.
Notes for pcigtS >(»(•>- S / / ' 4 1 1
>^. Har\e\ Fer^usson. Rin CiruuJt. p. 1X2.
^9. Culbcrto Hspinosa, New Alhuqucrque,"'^/
hiä^ptfiJitnu. (X rober IS, 196S.
irf*^'^vertij>ement in che Alhuifutrqut SXnrnin^
Journal, Au^^ust 3, 190^, quoted in Ellis, Trolley
Tracts," p. 17. See also, Sam Bass Warner, Jr. ,
StreeUar Suhurhs, The Process of Growth in Boston,
/8"0-;900(Cambrid^'c, Mass.. Harvard Univer-
sity Press, 19"'8), p. 14.
41. Elhs, "Trolley Tracrs,"pp. 8-9.
42. Ibid., pp. 15-17. The area surrounding
Luna Place is now rermed rhe Fourth ^'ard His-
torie Distnct.
43. T. M. Pearce, Mary Huntef ANSttn (New
Haven: College and Universiry Press, 1965), pp.
56-57.
44. Lewis Mumford, The Cit) in Hutni-y. (New
York; Harcourr, Brace & World, 1961), p. 429.
45. Alhuqmrque Herald, July 16, 1923.
46. Rebord, "A Social Hisrory of Albuquer-
que," pp. 50-51.
47. Major Whiting, a native of Detroit, fought
at rhe battles of Getrysburg and rhe >X'ilderness.
Afrer being musrered our of sen'ice in 1866, he
came ro New Mexico as correspondenr for rhe Kew
York World. He larer movcd ro Albuquerque as
Clerk of rhe Unired Stares Disrricr Courr. One of
his inreresrs was agriculrure and he became in-
volved in several experimenral farming projecrs.
Haines, History of New Mexico, pp. 531-32. The
burial site of che cannon was apparently near rhe
major's home, which was on the sourhwest corner
of Rio Grande Boulevard, one block south of Perea
Road. Aurora Hunt, The Anny of the Pacific (Glen-
dale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark, 1931), p. 67.
48. Quoted in William Keleher, Tuwioil in Netr
Mexico, p. 208.
49. Alhuqi^ei-que Journal. August 10, 1942.
50. Ibid., November 11, 1951. Somequesrion
remains as ro rhe acrual number of cannon buried
and recovered. Mosr sources menrion eighr, bur
orhers refer ro only six. If in facr, eighr were found,
rhen rwo of them are unaccounred for. Dewitt,
Historie Albuquerque Today, p. 23, maintains there
were originally eight guns, and states, "Two can
be Seen in Old Town Plaza, one is in Fort Union,
and others have been dispersed to other states."
The gun at Ft. Union, actually, was recently brought
from the East. On April 27, 1963, Major Teel's
son, James T. Teel, and other descendants partic-
ipared in a detiuarmii uTtmonN ar rht- iin\c-il]f^,,
i)t a monumcru on liic plu/a honiJriFiL' (untcdcrdre
war K.\t:.iK\. Alhuqutyqui Inhum April 2". V)(^^
*> 1 \eel, HisrorNot Albuquerque," p. S\
52 Alhuquerqiit MuvuiNy l<>uruul. August 21
ISSV
53. Erna Fergusson, AlhuqiarquK , p. 5.
54. James, Keu Mexico, p. 453.
55. Max Frosr, New Mexico (ofificial publicarion
of rhe Bureau of Immigrarion; Sanra Fe: New Mex-
ican Printing Co., 1894), p. 2"'9.
56. W. A. Gekler, 'Climate and Tuberculosis,"
Neu Mexico Magazine, 15 ^anuary 1937); 22-23.
57. R. W. Wiley, "The Hearr of rhe Well
Counrrv," Santa Fe Magazine. 10 (March !916)
54.
56. Wiley, "The Hearr of rhe Well Counrry,"
pp. 53-54.
59. Siouhnu and Huilth in Alhuqutrcjue (Albu-
querque: Civic Council, 1932), p. 4.
60. Inrerv'iew wirhjohn Ellis, Januar\- 3, 19"'9.
61. Dearh Cernhcates, 191 l-P, vol. 11, Ber-
nalillo Counry Records, Albuquerque.
62. Schmedding, Omho^ and Indian Trader. p •
62.
63. Erna Fergusson, Our Soiahutst. p. 233.
64. Rebord, "A Social Hisrory of Albuquer-
que," p. 42; and Alhuqiurqia Mnniingjoimul. April
26 and May 18, 1882.
65. Sruarr W. Adler, "Healrh Care," in Bicen-
tennial '76 — Albuquei-que Reme?ubers (Albuquerque:
Modern Press, 1977), p. 67.
66. Billy M. Jones, Health-Seekers in the South-
west, 1817-1900 (Norman: Universiry of Okla-
homa Press, 1967), p. 114.
67. Rosalie Doolirrle, "Planr Ir, Warer Ir, It
Grows," in Enchantorama . p. 69.
68. Quoted in Balcomb, A Bo^'s Albuquei-que.
p. 61.
69. Quoted in Albert D. Richardson, Be)ond
the Mississippi (Hartford, Conn.: American Pub-
lishing Co., 186"^), p. 25v
C H A P T H R IS:
Politics and Prejuäice Intrude
1 . Sistcr Lucretia Pittman, S.C. , "Solomon Luna,
Sheepmaster and Politician of New Mexico," (M.A.
thesis, St. Louis University, n.d.), p. 111.
2. Santa Ft Neu Mexican. August 30, 1912.
i
!
i
i
i
V l'ndared clippin.
Bergere Scrapbook. (
of New MexiC(; Librar
-4. Callary, A Polii
Hubbell, ••pp. 22-24
5. Inten lew with |
and Irene Fisher, Bati
tas, N.M.: Tumblewec
6. Callary, "A Polit
Hubbell," p. 23.
7. Curr Moyer, ' T'
pany, Sheep and Cartlt
i'ieu: 54 (1979): 72. •
Hubbell from office ca^
Mexicos Republican |
dore Roosevelr asked rl
he did. Larson, Neu A']
233.
8. Kromer, "Hisro
querque," p. 5.
9. Howard Bryan,
buquerque Tribüne. Ma-
10. Quored in All
1952. On rhis dare, •
Roberr A. Tafr, was ii
own, unsuccesstul, Cu
11. Dororhy I. Cli
Manager Plan. 191"
versiry of New Mexico
Publicarion, 1951), [
12. William Kelel
13. Cline, Albuqu.
Plan, p. 7.
14. Hughes, Puebl\
3 9 . A Ibuquerque Journ\
15. Santa Fe Neu
16. Lyle W. Dorsc
o/Dfwr'ft- (Boulder, C»
1977), pp. 180-81.
17. Paul Horgan,
York: Farrar, Srraus \
18. Albuquei-que J'
19. William Kele
20. Oppenheimer. I
Albuquerqtde, p. 42.
21. William Kele
22. Robert Hoathj
Othei- Stories of New Alj
Printing Co., 1950),
23. Ralph H. ViJ
sion: The Peculiar G
414 / Notes for pages 5 3 8-3 5 0
6 harch 1988
Dear John:
Many thanks for your füll and interesting package of 22
February. I was most interested to read all the data you
have collected on the Western JAFFAs. I still find quite a
lot of descrepancies in our Joint information, and many
mysteries remain.
I uionder if your NEISSER family is related to Ed and Judy
uiho live here m Chicago and are knouin to me?
As yet, I am unable to ansuier the 4 questions you asked me,
but am fascinated to knoui who SALOMON ELCHANAN JAFFA was!
I also haven't been able to figure out where my
greatgrandmother, Rosa JAFFA fits in (see her picture with
her husband and one son enclosed )... I suspect she uias a
first Cousin of AARON & ELLA.
You have left out the younger brothers uiho came over later,
Henry JAFFA of Roswell who married Rose BARR of Chicago and
lived in Roswel 1 (he is mentioned as a brother in Nathan 's
obit). He and Nathan were much closer in age than the early
arrivals, Sol, Sam, and Henry (that is probably uihy I first
thought Nathan was Sam 's nephew).
I sent off letters to Ben JAFFA (Lake Worth), Dalila G.
JAFFA in Santa Fe, Wm. JAFFA (Mesa, AZ ) , and Michael JAFFA
in Albuquerque. No answers as yet, but only Mike 's was
returned as "no longer forwardable. "
I trust you have by now made the connection between the
early PA census data on the GOLDSMITHs and the Western
JAFFAS. Some day I may trace Jacob G's roots in MD, but in
The Jewish Experience in Western PA several interesting
items are mentioned:
-by the 1860s there were 250+ German Jews in 15K miles
of W. PA.... 807. ran dry goods or clothing stores
-Jacob GOLDSMITH was living in Washington, PA in 1855,
but moved later (where?)
-Dr. Luba M. ROBIN married Milton GOLDSMITH, M.D., and
they lived & practiced in Pittsburgh at 1323 5th. Ave. in
1905.
-3rd Lt Samuel G. GOLDSMITH of Baltimore fought in the
5th Reg. in the 1846 Mexican War (an ancestor probably of
the Cousin my grandmother knew in 1901)
From A Jewish Tourist 's Guide to the West
-BenJ LOWENSTEIN (another relative) was a NM Pioneer in
the 1850s and 60s
-Henry N. JAFFA moved to Alb. in 1869
mayor in 1885 (5yrs pre incorporat ion )
-Nathan data re politics plus interesting part about
creating a uiater supply for the area on p. 334
-David KLINE (another probable relative via LOWENSTEINs
of Denver), and Abr. GOLDSMITH came via stage of the Pike's
Peak Express to Denver in 1859. (I uionder if this was
another of the MD/PA GOLDSMITHs?)
As the coUection at U. of Denver houses all of the Rocky
nt. Jeuiish Hist. records, it includes NM as well as CO.
I am still trying to resolve multiple descrepancies in dates
from all the data we both have collected. For instance:
Perry Jaffa was 11 yrs older than Ella per 1880 Census,
but in the 1900 Census, he was only 8 yrs older. His obit
says he was born in 1869 which is c loser to the 1880 census.
However, all this info was given by OTHER people, not by
Perry himself.
"S. "
oseph's middle initial is given variously as " J, " or
Is Edith 's middle name Marshutz or is that from a first
marriage? It is given as Edith A. on the 1910 Census.
Is Edith still alive? Could I write her regarding
possible recol lections of CONNELLSVILLE?
Could I have current addresses for your cousins the
NEISSERs? Or at least for Richard?
I am enclosing some copies of studio photographs which my
husband made for you. I know you said you wanted those of
Sam, but thought you might like to see the GOLDSMITHs ca
1901 with their cousin, my grandmother. If Richard or
Patricia would like any others, have them get in touch with
me.
If you could send me copies of the pictures of Meyer,
Amelia, and Ida, I would appreciate it. Also of the
portraits of the Jewish mayors page (Sam, Henry, & Nathan).
I am enclosing a printout of the current Status of my JAFFA
file for you to see and comment on i f you choose. You can
see that this is only material "in the works, " but is useful
to see in this form. It now appears that SAM was the eldest
brother, not Sol , but re-doing the numbering system in the
Computer is something IMl put off til a later date.
So, enough rambling! I do get excited uihen these
connections are made, and as I've been doing research only
for a very short time, it's thrilling to see hoiD much has
already been found. I look forward to hearing from you
again when you've digested all of this and have further
comments.
Sincerely ,
Dorothy Nesbitt
DESCENDANTS OF BENJAHIN JtfTA
1986
6REAT
6REAT 6REAT
6IEAT 6REAT
6REAT
6REAT 6REAT 6REAT
6REAT
REN
SfiEAT 6REAT 6REAT 6REAT 6REAT
GRAND GRAM) GRMf) GRAND GRAW 6RMI)
PERSON CHILDREN CHILDREN CHILDREN CHILDREN CHILDHEN CHILDREN CHILD
t i I
I BENJAMIN JAFA
i SEX: n
i B: 1769 a HEINEBACH, GER
I «: TO
1 Child
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
AARON JAFFA
sex: rt
B: S HEIICBACH, GER
H: 1836 TO ELLA
8 Children
SOLOnON H. JAFA
SEX: II
B: 1850 S HEINEBA(H, GER
M: U Mar 1880 TO ELEONORA GOLDSHITH d PA
D: Ol Dec 1941 8 LAS VEGAS, NH
2 Children
BUR: TRINIDAD
OCC: DRY GOODS MERCHAMT/IST TREAS. OF TRINIDAD
MOTtCR: ELLA
r
I
HELEN F. JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 04 Apr 1881 S TRINIDAD, CO
N: TO NINTON
D: 15 Hay 1915
BUR: TRINIDAD
NOTHER: ELEONORA GOLDSHITH
ARTHUR 6. JAFFA
SEX: H
B: 1884 3 CO
OCC: CIVIL ENG
HOTHER: ELEONORA
GOLDSHITH
SAMUEL JAFFA
SEX: H
B: 25 Apr 1842 S HEINEBACH, GER
H: AFTER 1878 TO AHELIA JAFFA S PA
D: 04 May 1909 S TRINIDAD, CO
6 Children
BUR: TRINIDAD
OCC: MERCHANT
NOTKR: ELLA
ery)
1900
IDAD,
CO
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Hay 1909 d TRINIDAD, CO
6 Children
BUR: TRINIDAD
OCC: ICRCHANT
I10THER: ELLA
I
IPERRY J/^A DR.
t SEX: h
I B: 1868 a EBERHARD, PA
i Single
t D: 02 Ndv 1915 a DENVER (gallstone surg
I
No Children
t BUR: Trinidad, CO
I EDU: Coluibia U; Gross Ned. CoU/Denver
I OCC: ctg ■.d./Las Aniiias Cty, CO
I HOTHER: AHaiA JAFFA
I
I
IJOSEPN J. JAFA
SEX: rt
B: 1869 a EBERHARD, PA
H: 1897 TO I1ILLIE J/«TA
D: AFTER 1911 i DEI«€R/HEART ATTACK
1 Child
EDU: COLUHBIA U
OCC: im. CASHIER/ATTY
riOT>€R: AMELIA JAFFA
IBENJAHIN JAFFA
SEX: n
B: 1898 S ROStELL, NH
Single
D: 1918 9 CHI
No Children
(l: SUIC IDE/CHI)
MOTHER: MILLIE JAFA
HAHIE JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 1873
(l: )
NOTHER: AMELIA JAFFA
IDA J. JAFFA
SEX: F
B: 1875 a TRINIDAD, CO
H: 21 Jan 1896 TO CYER IMNSBACH 3 TRIN
2 Children
NOTHER: AiCLIA JAFFA
ARTHUR J. NAN5BACH
SEX: N
B: 1897 a TRINIDAD, CO
FATHER: heyer HANSBACH
EDITH A. NM6BACH
sex: F
B: 1902 a TRINIDAD, CO
FATHER: rCYER HANSBACH
lELLA
I
JAFA
SEX: F
B: 1878 a TRINIDAD, CO
HOTHER: AHaiA JAFA
i NOTHER: AICLIA JAFA
l€NRV NAPHTALI JAFA
I
HOTHER: AMELIA JAFFA
!«NRY MAPHTALI JAFFA
t SEX: N
I B: SEPT 1845 3 HEINEBACH, CASSa, GER
I N: TO BESSIE 9 PA
I D: 3 ALBUQUERQUE, NH
t 4 Children
I OCC: 6R0CER; IST WVOR OF ALBUQUERqUE
I (l: COUSIN/l£NA l£VY)
t NOTHER: ELLA
•'BENJAMIN JAFFA
! sex: N
i B: AU6 1878 3 TRINIDAD. CO
! OCC: SALESHM
I NOTHER: BESSIE
I
I
I MALTER JAFA
I SEX: H
t 6: FEB 1B80 3 ROSUELL, NH
NOTHER: BESSIE
EDGAR JtfTA
SEX: N
B: SEPT 1892 3 ALBUqUERQUE, MI
NOTHER: BESSIE
SARAH JAFFA
SEX: F
B: OCT 1851 3 GERmNY
H: TO ^BIRY 60LDSHITH
D: 3 CONNELLSVILLE/PA
8 Children
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
NILTON GOLDSNITH
SEX: H
B: APR 1877 3 GERNANY
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSNITH
SANUEL GOLDSNITH
SEX: N
B: JAN 1879 3 GERNANY
H: TO RAE T. GOLDSNITH
1 Child
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSNITH
I
iJACK T. GOLDSNITH
1 SEX: N
B: 1902 3 CONMELLSVILLE/PA
NOTHER: RAE T. GOLDSNITH
iBENJANIN GOLDSNITH
t SEX: N
B: JAN 1873 3 GERNANY
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSNITH
EDISON GOLDSNITH
SEX: N
B: NAY 1880 3 CONNELLSVILLE/PA
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSNITH
UALTER GOLDSNITH
SEX: N
B: DEC 1882 3 CONNEILSVILLE/PA
I FATHER: HENRY GOLDSNITH
I
IFLORENCE E. GOLDSNITH
i SEX: F
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
B: DE.C 1882 d C0NNEU.SV1LLE/PA
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSHITH
FLOHENCE E. GOLDSMITH
SEX: F
B: My iBbJ n CONNELLSVlLLt/PA
FATTCR: HENRY GOLDSHITH
OLIVER GOLDSHITH
SEX: n
B: APRIL 1887 S COMCLLSVILLE/PA
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSHITH
HELEN R. GOLDSHITH
SEX: F
B: DEC 1890 a CONNELLSVILLE/PA
FATHER: HENRY GOLDSHITH
NATHAN JAFA
SEX: n
B: DEC 1863 S HEIICBACH, GER
H: 1892 TO ESTHER STRAÜSS
D: 12 Sep 1945 S ROStELL, NH
3 Children
OCC: BANKER/POLITICS
(l: EHIG 1880)
(2: SECTY-TER OF NH)
(3: )
HOTHER: ELLA
JULIA JM'FA
SEX: F
B: APRIL 1892
N: TO
0: a LAS VEGASCAFTER 1945)
nOTHER: ESTHER STRAÜSS
ELEANOR JAFFA
SEX: F
B: OCT 1893
HOTHER: ESTICR STRAÜSS
BENJAMIN JAFFA
SEX: H
B: AFTER 1900
D: AFTER 1945 a SAifTA FE, NH
NOTHER: ESTWR STRAÜSS
HARRY JAFFA
SEX: H
B: 1866 a HEINEBACH, CASSa, GER
N: 1895 TO ROSE BARR a CHI
D: AFTER 1945 a ROSUELL, NH
1 Child
OCC: GROCER
HOTtER: ELLA
I
BERTRAH JAFFA
SEX: H
B: JAN 1896 a TRINIDAD, CO
Single
D: AFTER 1942 a DENVER, CO
No Children
OCC: PHYSICIAN
HOTHER: ROSE BARR
BENJM1IN JAFFA
SEX: N
B: a HEINEBACH, GER
H: TO
1 Child
APT. 203
I
I
n: TO
D: 3 LAS VEGAS(AFTER 1945)
HOTHER: EST«R STRAUSS
iELEANOR JAFFA
i SEX: F
I B: OCT 1893
i NOT>CR: EST)ER STRAUSS
I
! BENJAMIN JAFFA
t SEX: H
t B: AFTER 1900
i D: AFTER 1945 9 SANTA FE, NN
I HOTHER: ESTHER STRAUSS
HARRY JAFFA
SEX: H
B: 1866 a HEINEBACH, CASSEL, SR
H: 1895 TO ROSE BARR a CHI
D: AFTER 1945 3 R06UELL, NN
1 Child
OCC: 6R0CER
nOTHER: ELLA
I
I
! BERTRAH JAFA
SEX: n
B: JAN 1896 3 TRINIDAD, CO
Single
D: AFTER 1942 3 DENVER, CO
No Children
OCC: PHYSICIAN
HOTHER: ROSE BARR
BENJMtlN JAFFA
SEX: n
B: 3 HEINEBACH, GER
H: TO
1 Child
nOiHbR: Ulla
BOY JAFFA
SEX: H
H: TO
1 Child
I
IBENJAHIN JAFFA
i sex: n
I Living 3 2769 S. GARDEN DR. ,
HINNIE JAFFA
SEX: F
B: a HEINEBACH, GER
N: TO SOHHER
1 Child
HOT^ER: ELLA
}
I JULIA SOHHER
i SEX: F
i H: TO JÄHES HEILBRUNN
I D: 1974 3 NYC
I FATHER: SOHHER
M«Mn»i
l^6|
I li»
1 « ■ I ■ .^^
r
■ ■»«iMi.
M*^i
Cgvfc«»^
I
ib y
Uv4**;.'tl\
Co<NAelU»:fttj PA
(
o
0AFß4
(
November 9, 1988
Dlrector,
Yeshiva Unlversity Museum Library
2520 A msterdam Avenue
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10033
Dear Sir:
( )
\
\
IT i,u- *lr***^® recently learned that the papers of the late Mr. James
Heilbrunn of New York City, concemlncr the hlstory and famlUes ;f t"e
Y^ra n' "•^.f Hessen-Kassel, Germany) were deposlted with the
YesWva Unlversity Museum after Mr. Hellbrunn passed away. I under-
hÜm«^. he was the last President of the Jewish Community of Heinebach
before hls emlgration before v^orld war II.
I am interested to know whether the napers could be consulted
«, f-^nf"' *V'L^"* u "1''®'''"^ interested in traclna the ancestry of sever-
ll ^o. f °^"«/"«^«^ among thel!r«^FFA family, a descendant of whlch
1-«« u""J® ^^ marrlaoe, and for whom I have undertaken the Inter-
llTrnTTT '^''"'i''* *''^'" ^"^^^^ ^""'"^- '^PP-rently Mr. Hellbrunn
H«i„.Ki K "^ ' ^'*'' ^^"^ ^^ infornation concemlng the famllles of the
Heinebach communlty, and I would be most obUged to you fa Information
Z'^T' ''" -?^^^^"^*V of access to the notes and oSLr pa^^^ "
the Hellbrunn collection. m-k^»» *n
/
/
/
/
7
ß
i
Remalnlng,
Most slncerely yours^
John Henry Richter
^s 3Ai<oe>
R.P'blB
3/89
1, 194, 592 (continued) SCHWETZ CITY
Heiratsnebenregister 1880
3
SCHWETZ -5-
5 Janl«80 The merchantJACOBJACOB^recognized by the witness
Lublinski b. 23 Aug löbz in NaJcel, a resident of NaJ?el, son of the taüor
master MARCUS JACOB, and PAULINE (CAMNITZER), residents of
ERNSTEINE SEGALL, no occupation, bornl4 Dec 1848 in Dryczmin
?ri,?Jri,^J. Schwetz, residing in Schwetz, dau of the Krtfeer ?) '
ITZIG SEGALL and PAULINE (VANDSBURGER), residents of Bukowitz,
district of Schwetz. '
jdtnessesDAVipLUBLINSKI,36, res. of Schwetz, and SAMUEL LEWIN
3 5, resident of Schwetz.
( David Lublinski was a nephew of Itzig Segall. )
^^Il?^^^^?i!2ili£^®*^"^FSi"= DIVORCED, as of 22 Feb 1882, by act
K f K® ^J^\ ^S'^BCourt (Landgericht) Schneidemuehl and confirmed
by the Oberlandesgencht in Posen (City) on 18 Sept 1882. Recorded
in Schwetz 18 November 1882.
on 18 Oct 1880 the merchant CASPAR FRIEYMANN , recognized by the
witnesss Bukofzer, born21 Oct 1854 Gross Kommorsk
district of Schwetz, son of the merchant LEWIN CASPAR
FREYMANN and ROSALIE (SCHOEPS) in Gross Kommorsk
and
ERNESTINE BENNHEIM, born 13 Oct 1860 Lianno, district
?™?^^J^> residing in Schwetz, dau of BERNHARD BENN-
HEIM and CAECILIE (BOAS FEIBUSCH)
witnesses: SAMUEL LEWIN BUKOFZER, 56, residing in Sch^
and BERNHARD BENNHEIM, 47 years old, resident of Schwe
(exccellent for copy. clear signature of B. Bennheim.
Sterbenebenregister 1879 D E A T H S
28
30
35
ADOLPH BERNSTEIN, 7 days old on 26 Feb 1879, son of HERMANN
BERNSTEIN and BERTHA (BLUHm!
on 5 March 1879 the master tanner MOSES PERLSTEIN, 71 years old
^dower of RAHEL (JACHMANN) and son of the tanner '
PHmiPP PERLSTEIN (mother's name unknown), reported
by the tailor JAHDB LITTHAUER (=his sknature).
JL IS the son- in^ law of M, P.
Sterbenebenregister 1878
9 on 1 Feb 1878 ROSA LUBLINSKI, 8 yrs, 3mos, born in Lubsee, district
Schwetz, dau of merchant PHILIPP LUBLINSKI and
EVA (BLUHM)
sn;3AP«a
ß P 07p
frO^O-rbv:^
ZMlhA-
%^HC-
THE NATURALIZED JEWS OF THE GRANDY DUCHY
^ OF POSEN IN 1 834 and 1 835
(
I
An Alphabetical List of Jews Naturalized in the Grand Duchy of Posen
in 1834 and 1835
as Published in
Verzeichniss sämmtlicher naturalisierten Israeliten
im Grossherzogthum Posen
by Isidor Hirschberg
in Bromberg
in 1836
Compiled by
Edward David Luft
with a Forewoid by
Rabbi Malcolm H. Stern, D.H.L, D.D.
of the American Jewish Archives
in?
Iv
li
l'
Seite Wohnort
lU Nakel
1 Raezkoir
114 Nakel
121 Senocsyn
116 Schubin
122 Schneldenahl
42 Rawlcz
il8 Ublschln '
97 Wronke
106 Pordon
116 Lobsens
108 Vongrowlec
16 Unruhstadt
111 Gemblc [I]
7 Schwerin
38 Schmlegel
53 Bentschen
18 Boiost
3 Ostrovo
85 Schlldberg
5 Adelnau
40 Sandberg
128 Powltz
40 Sandberg
126 Gnesen
118 Lablschln
103 Mlloslaw
66 Posen
56 Tirschtiegel
103 Mlloslaw
76 Schwersenz
89 Schrimm
102 Wreschen
77 Schwersenz
77 Schwersenz
38 Schnlegel
103 Mlloslaw
114 Nakel
77 Schwersenz
92 SantomyÄl
66 Posen
92 Santomydl
66 Posen
54 Meserltz
66 Posen
126 Gnesen
39 Czenpln
35 Fraustadt
126 Gnesen
92 SantonyAl
95 Obrzycko
92 SantomyÄl
81__ Kempen
f 35 Fraustadt
I 35 Fraustadt
Familien" und Vornanen
Jacobsohn, Kallasnn
Jacobsohn» Lazarus
Jacobaohn» Lewln
Jacobsohn» Lawy
Jacobaohn, Moses
Jacobsohn, Peter
Jacobsohn , Sa lomon
Jacobsohn, Sanuel
Jacobsohn, Seelig
Jacobsohn, Molff
Jacobssohn, Molff Jacob
Jacobstaan, Jacob
Jacoby, Abrahaa
Jacoby, Bphrala
Jacobjr, Isaac Michael
Jacoby, Lewy Hirsch
Jacoby, Marcus Lewin
Jacoby, Salonon
Jacubowlcz, Benasch
Jacubowicz, Joachim
Jacubowlcz, Sa lomon
Jacubowskl, Hirsch
Jacubowskl, Hirsch
Jacubowskl, Hirsch Halm
Jacusslel, Moses Lewin
Jadownik, Samuel
Jaffa, Abraham
Jaffe, Abraham Jacob
Jaffe, BÄr Aron
Jaffe, David
Jaffe, Ellas
Jaffe, Hirsch
Jaffe, Leyser
Jaffe, Ludwig
Jaffe, Marcus
Jaffe, Marcus Michel
*Jaffe, Mendel
Jaffe, Moritz
Jaffe, Raphael
Jaffe, Samuel
Jaffe, Schle
Jaffe, Schue Lewin
Jakler, Ephraim
Jakler, Hirsch Aron
Jakob, Robert
Jakublnski, Heinrich
Jakubowskl, Ichel
Jakubowski, Robert
Jalenklewicz, Hirsch
Jalowicz, Hirsch
Jalowicz, Joel
Jalowicz, Paul
Janower, Löbel Jonas
Japha, Israel Samuel
Japha, Jacob
40
Character Datum des Patents
Getr.- u. Wbllhl.
Tabackapinner
Ledarhindlar
Uckar
Kaufmann
Schinkmr
Privat lehrer
Kaufmann
Kürschner
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Bicker
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Schneider
Pferdehändler
Schnkr, u. Flschr.
Fisch, u. Schnkr.
Schflnker
Schneider
Tuch- u. Mathd.
Fleischer
Kfm. u. SchAcr.
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Rab. u. Kantor
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Dr. med. et chlr.
Kaufmann
Rabiner
Kaufmann
Lehrer
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Holzhflndler
Handelsmann
Naterialhlndler
Handelsmann
Galanteriehlndler
TuchhUndler
Fleischer
Handelsmann
Lieferant
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Nadler
ll-Ä-1835
25-6-1834
2-9-1834
9-10-1854
28-8-1834
10-3-1835
11-9-1834
21-4-1835
18-8-1834
25-10-1835
6-10-1834
3-11-1834
18-7-1834
25-8-1835
10-6-1834
27-6-1834
12-7-1834
12-6-1835
9-7-1834
29-8-1834
26-7-1834
10-9-1834
13-4-1835
10-9-1834
2-11-1834
21-4-1835
13-9-1834
15-8-1834
16-7-1834
13-9-1834
13-9-1834
23-8-1834
11-7-1834
13-9-1834
13-9-1834
27-6-1834
1-8-1834
6-2-1835
13-9-1834
11-7-1834
3-8-1834
11-7-1834
31-7-1834
7-7-1834
8-9-1834
23-5-1835
9-7-1834
2-7-1834
7-4-1835
11-7-1834
25-7-1834
11-7-1834
21-8-1834
2-7-1834
2-7-1834
I
mfimSBäi»
wbh;
ttm
1
len Character
Datum des Pa
Getr.- u. Wollhl
. 11-8-1835
Tabacksplnner
25-6-1834
Ledarhindlar
2-9-1834
Bicker
9-10-1834
Kaufaann
28-8-1834
Schinker
10-3-1835
Privatlehrer
11-9-1834
Kaufmann
21-4-1835
, KQrschner
18-8-1834
' Kaufmann
25-10-183!
cob Handelsmann
6-10-1834
Handelsmann
3-11-1834
Handelsmann
18-7-1834
Ucker
25-8-1835
1 Handelsmann
10-6-1834
Kaufmann
27-6-1834
Schneider
12-7-1834
Pferdehändler
12-6-1835
Schnkr. u. Plschr.
9-7-1834
Fisch, u. Schnkr.
29-8-1834
Schanker
26-7-1834
Schneider
10-9-1834
Tuch- u. Mathd.
13-4-1835
alm Fleischer
10-9-1834
in Kfm. u. SchÄkr.
2-11-1834
Kaufmann
21-4-1835
Kaufmann
13-9-1834
Kaufmann
15-8-1834
Rah. u. Kantor
16-7-1834
Kaufmann
13-9-1834
Kaufmann
13-9-1834
Handelsmann
23-8-1834
Kaufmann
11-7-1834
Dr. med. et chir.
13-9-1834
Kaufmann
13-9-1834
Rabiner
27-6-1834
Kaufmann
1-8-1834
Lehrer
6-2-1835
Handelsmann
13-9-1834
Handelsmann
11-7-1834
HolzhAndler
3-8-1834
Handelsmann
11-7-1834
Materialhändler
31-7-1834
Handelsmann
7-7-1834
GalanteriehÄndler
8-9-1834
T^chhlndler
23-5-1835
Fleischer
9-7-1834
Handelsmann
2-7-1834
Lieferant
7-4-1835
Handelsmann
11-7-1834
Kaufmann
25-7-1834
Handelsmann
11-7-1834
Handelsmann
21-8-1834
Kaufmann
2-7-1834
Radier
2-7-1834
Salt«
Wohnort
Familien- und Vornamen Character Datum des Patents
t ■ .1
35 Fraustadt
35 Fraustadt
Fraustadt
Janoftfo
Borek
Sandberg
Ussa
103 Mi los law
77 Schwersenz
27 Lissa
27 Lissa
27 Lissa
103 Miloslaw
8 1 Kenpen
126 Gnesen
81 Kenpen
81 Kempen
81 Kenpen
81 Kenpen
35 Fraustadt
3 Ostrofio
90 Xi9S
57 Rogasen
109 Schocken
59 Ryczywol
40 Sandberg
27 Lissa
27 Lissa
123 Inovraclaw
123 Inovraclaw
59 Ryczywol
97 Wronke
28 Lissa
28 Lissa
66 Posen
87 Kumik
102 Vreschen
99 Santer
7 Schwerin
3 Ostrowo
7 Schwerin
67 Posen
67 Posen
118 Ubischin
46 Koiemin
42 Rawicz
16 Unruhstadt
81 Keapen
50 Krotoschin
37 Storchnest
61 Pleschen
1 Raszkow
116 Schubin
16 Unruhstadt
61 Pleschen
Japha, Moritz Samuel
Japha, Raphael
Japha» Salomon Isaac
Japha, Wolff
Jaraczewski, Meyer
Jaraczewski, Michael
*Jarecki, Hirsch
Jarecki, Hirsch
Jarecki, Marcus
Jaretski, Gabriel
Jaretski, Hirsch Joachim
Jaretski, Michael Hirsch
Jaroczewaki» David
Jaroslaw, Alexander
Jarossynski, Schewech Mendel
Jaroslav, Haskel Marcus
Jaroslaw, Michael Haskel
Jaroslav, Nathan Haskel
Jaroslawski, Jacob Aron
Jaroslavski, Salomon
Jasklevicz, Hirsch
Jaskulka, Baruch Moses
Jastrov, Abraham
Jastrov, Levin
Jastrov, Samuel
Jatroszinski, Michael
Jellin, Löbel Mendel
Jellin, Seelig Mendel
Jelonek, Gabriel David
Jelonok, David
Jereraias, Moses
Jeremias, Vlgdor
Jeroslav, Gedalje
Jeroslaw, Moses Kaskel
Jessel, Levin Moses
Joachim, Aron
Joachim, Kasper
Joachimsohn, Heymann
Kaufmann
Seifensieder
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Ackerbesitzer
Kantor
Handelsmann
Schneider
Handl. u. Fhrm.
Handelsmann
Kantor
Kfirschner
Kaufmann
Schnittvaarenhl.
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Kaufmann
Propinator
Kürschner
Brauer
Ünter-Rabiner
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Fleischer
Schneider
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Lehrer
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Kaufmann
Privatmann
Schneider
Schneider
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
*Joachimsthal, Kasper Joachim Handelsmann
Jodmann, Kassriel
Joel, Heymann
Joel, Israel Lewy
Joel, Leyser
Joel, Salomon
Joffe, Hirsch
Joffe, Louis
Johnson, Salomon
Joklass, Simon Vfolff
Jonas , Abraham
Jonas, Hirsch
Jonas, Hirsch
Josef owicz, Elias
Joseph, Abraham
Joseph, Alexander
Joseph, Aron
Schneider
Rabiner
Glaser
Begl« d. Syn.
Kaufmann
Hdlm. u. Schln.
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
Rentier
Bierbrauer
Handelsmann
Gerber
Handelsmann
Händler
Handelsmann
Handelsmann
2-7-1834
2-7-1834
2-7-1834
10-9-1834
22-9-1834
10-9-1834
17-7-1834
13-9-1834
13-9-1834
17-7-1834
17-7-1834
17-7-1834
13-9-1834
21-8-1834
24-6-1835
21-8-1834
21-8-1834
21-8-1834
21-8-1834
2-7-1834
9-7-1834
25-7-1834
13-9-1834
23-10-1834
11-8-1834
10-9-1834
17-7-1834
17-7-1834
31-10-1834
18-9-1834
11-8-1834
18-8-1834
17-7-1834
17-7-1834
8-9-1834
7-8-1834
18-8-1834
27-7-1834
21-3-1835
9-7-1834
10-6-1834
8-9-1834
30-7-1834
12-10-1834
15-8-1834
30-9-1834
16-6-1835
3-9-1834
22-9-1834
9-9-1835
23-8-1834
25-6-1834
28-8-1834
18-7-1834
23-8-1834
k
i
«
41
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85
Jonas; um 1948. Pastell
Seite 85: Papa Jonas; 1959. (")1
Seite 86: Der junge Dürrenmatt; 1944. Ö]
Seite 87: Ferdinand Lion; um 1957. (31
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UNIVERSITY DEGREES
c
CTOMAS
(Please record all degrees received (BA, BS, Masters, and Doctorates not already shown)
NAME
DEGREE
YEAR
UNIVERSITY
LOCATION
JCNAS, WILLIAM
JONAS. SON^A rNTfliKrOFTr'
/^Oi^r^ye-f- f. •
(TAGLIERD MARGARF— ^
im
F^(JONAß) ]Vl A. (EdJ /f^ u OF NEW ORLEANS /^'^^
TAGLIERI. RICHARD JOSEPH
/
JONAS, LAURA ANN
J.D.
1983
W/4
SIENA CX)LLEGE
\SE-WESTERN^
— • — ^-
O
-^..
o
May ^öTwoO
Dear BlU: r/o^l^6
year& wmcn Ri leasc lor me w?»8 an important aspeci of my younger
snowea u to you ana tpled to get a xerox copy of it but I c<»n» t iret \t nu» r»f fhl #i^«L->
so I wiU try to enlapge a plcture I took of it years aw I hoofe ft üii ^^1 w Ji'*"*®/
enough. I also have a like foto of the hoTon ^ecV^l m^VnA ^^ ^^^^"^ "^^^^
Uo probably in July (I wiU be In C^lSS^^^ ml^oi^i^)]' ^ ^^ ^"^ '^'^P*** "^ ^
»•/.^«*««li-t. ' ^^ f briät iäea. At least ti»o op three of my repuAdur^tions are in fort
origlialß": cut out ftrom pages of the Arts section of the Berliner Tw^h^ttpl 11
new at the business of documentation, I never wrote doSn ^S^^^ ?Pi"? u
My letter to Ae cuprent owner of Ae Mora GaUery has had no answer yet
(
(
o
<»<
July 4, 1989
Dear John Henry:
I
Thank y
apologize fo
house and th
As you know
I Started wi
In July of 1
moved the wh
did not live
back East -
with the Int
ou for your letter of June 8. I suppose I ought to
r not havmg written sooner but with my job and the
e travel connected with my job it always got put off.
I am with the IRS - and have been for over 2? years.
th the agency in 1967 in the Manhattan District Office
969 I transferred to the Los Angeles district and
ole faraily to L.A.*s San Fernando Valley. Cali-Pornia
up to our expectations of it and so I "transferred
to Washington D.C. - in early 1972. I have been
ernational Division of theIRS since that time.
We now live in Northern Virginia - actually we have ] ived
there since our return from California. In 1976 we bought a
townhouse in the city of Pairfax. My wife Esther graduated from
Northern Virginia Community College in 1978 and my older son
Paul is a graduate from James Madison University which is located
in the western area of Virginia about 120 miles southwest of
Fair fax. My younger son Stuart attends Northern Va. Community Call,
and is presently employed at a bank in Virginia.
My Job entails a lot of travel, as my Office has Jurisdiction
over foreign corporations operating in the U.S., Americans living
abroad, and non-resident aliens who receive earned income on
temporary stays in this count^y such as actors, athletes etc.
1 travelled quite a bit to Canada, jto Atlanta, Miami, Calif.
and especially to New York City where most of the foreign banks
have their main branches. I even got to Frankfutt, Germany in 1980.
They appeared to have recovered from WWII quite well - in fact
there was almost no trace of any destruction. It could be that
iffrankfurt not being an industrial center diä not get the same
attention from our air force as some other cities and it could
also be due to our great generosity in rebuilding the country and
reviving their economy. I fact, when I was there, you could' Fet
only 1.8 Marks for one U.S. $.
Frank and his wife Blanche still live in the Bronx only about
four blocks f^r« from my mother. Their oldest son Sheldon "is a
sophomore at Yeshiva Univ. and their second son Larry will be
attending NYU in the fall. My mother is weliö ^^^ still going
streng at her age.
Well that's about it for now. I'm presently preparing for a
two week audit trip to Toronto later this month."
I hope you and yours are well. Keep in touch.
Regards,
3864 Wilcoxson Drive
Ppirfax, Va. -^o3J
UNIVERSITY DEGREES
1
(Please record all degrees received (BA, BS, Masters, and Doctorates not already shown)
^ ^ ^^^^ ^EGREE YEAR UNIVERSITY LOCATION ]
JONAS (ESTHER fLASSOF) ^^ ,^^^ ^cdTHfPK/ \///
JONAS, HERBERT
JONAS, PAUL
^«a-
JONAS. STUART
/
Rf]
1121.
BS/7
^^ "^^^«^^ mi)/</v./ Hüfipf^., .^ ^^,
\^
CST/lC yV>7^7u2V^
y
()
o
October 13, 1990
Dear John Henry;
Please excuse the delav in answPT'ino- ^/r..,» t ^+4. v j.
been happening that there n'eve? sTell, tl le'lilV'''' '"' '° ""^' ^''
Stuart has gotten married. His wife is the fornier Marcia Sartnv=,
who was born Pebruary I4. 1962 and is a rrr«rin = + o L^ bantoya
Univp-rqitv in ■B'ai>.p-,C v,- • • ■=*"", /^ a graduate of George Mason
villi ly^ Fairfax, Virginia. Her parents are Carlos and
Elsa M Santoya who came from Cuba in 1960 among the first wave of
refugees from Castro 's Cuba. ^ °^
The other information is as follows; my wife Esther Torac,
was born in New York City March 24. 1932 and\as" an Associa?e of
Arts Degree from Northern Virginia Community College. PaJl JoSas
was born in New York City December I4, 1961 and haf ; Bachelor o?
?rf?ereived'?n'^5RAt°'' 11°"" tT" ''"^'"°" University in Harrisonburg.
VA »^receiyed in 1984). Stuart Jonas was born in New York City
June 16, 1964 was married October 6, 1990 to Marcia Santoya in
in iStf^ioIe^sing '^ ^'"Pl^y^^ ^« « ^ank auditor and Stuart works
I believe 1 left Germany with my pareihts in June 19^3 We
went first to Copenhagen, iJenraark whero we stayed for abnut one
Mari934? "^ received visas for the U.S. which we entered in
wifv, th!""? isn't really much more to report. I am still an agent
with the International Div. of the Internal Revenue Service. Mv
mother, who will be 91 in November, is still going streng
Hope everything is going OK for you.
area give me a call at 703-323-7723.
If you are ever in this
P.S.
onas
I graduated from Rider College in Lawrencevil] e. NJ in
February 1952 with a Bachelor of Science in Commerce.
3864 wilcoxson Drive
Pairfax, VA 22031
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160
Central, Southern, Eastern Europe
Orient themselves and to reconstruct their religious and commu-
nal Ufa in the American environment, is the subject of this the-
sis. (A)
677. Jonas, Franklin L. The Early Life and Career of B. Char-
ney Viadeck, 1886-1921: The Emergence of an Immigrant
Spokesman. New York, 1972. 246p. (DA 33:698-A)
The early life and career of B. Charney Viadeck, newspaperman,
socialist activist, and civic leader, constitutes a case history in'
the development of Immigrant leadership. Born in 1886 in
Dukor, Lithuania, a tiny, predominantly Jewish town, he mi-
grated in 1908 to the United States, where after World War I
he emerged as a spokesman for the Jewish labor movement of
New York City. (A)
678. Joseph, Samuel. Jewish Immigration to the United States
from 1881 to 1910. Columbia, 1914. 209p.
Investigates the "causes of Jewish Immigration from Eastern Eu-
rope, the course of Jewish immigration in the United States, and
the most important social qualitles of the Jewish immigrants. "
679. Kabakoff, Jacob. The History of Hebrew Literature in Amer-
ica. Jewish Theological Seminary, 1958. 163p.
680. Kachuck, Rhoda S. The Portrayal of the Jew in American
Drama Since 1920. Southern California, 1970. 387p. (DA
31:4774-A)
The examination of 65 well-known plays yielded a definite pattern
for the portrayal of Jews, a pattern along chronological lines--
not by decades, but by the critical economic, social, and politi-
cal events of the last 50 years: the great waves of immigration
up to 1921, the Depression in 1929, the rise of Hitler in 1933,
the end of World War IT in 1946, and the rise of black national -
ism in the fifties and sixties. The portrayal of the Jew is seen
to develop along three major lines: the Jew as representative
of the Immigrant population and its descendants, as paradigm of
the middle-class and its fluctuations of fortune and character,
and as symbol of Everyman and his struggles, crises, and des-
tiny. The emphasis on ethnic qualities, social Stratum, histori-
cal herltage, or common humanity has varied according to the
era in which the play was written. (A)
681. Kaganoff, Nathan M. The Traditional Jewish Sermon in the
United States from Its Beginning to the First World War.
American, 1961. 224p. (DA 22:1141)
Existing scholarship on the history of the American Jewish Com-
munity is limited almost entirely to the Colonial and Civil War
periods and to select aspects of Jewish life in the late nineteenth
and twentieth centurles. The impact of the American environment
on Jewish religious life and thought have been largely ignored.
As a contribution to this somewhat neglected field, this study
attempts to trace the development of the traditional Jewish ser-
mon In the United States from its beginnings to the outbreak of
the First World War. (A)
European Jewry
161
682. Kahn, Robert I. Liberalism As Reflected in Jewish Preach-
ing in the English Language in the Mid -Nineteenth Century:
An Examination of Jewish Life and Faith (Particularly in the
United States) Between 1830 to 1870, As Revealed in the
Sermons of the Period. Hebrew Union College, 1950. 203p.
683. Kaplan, Benjamin. Selected Jewish Communities in Louisi-
ana. Louisiana State, 1952. 275p.
Published under the title The Eternal Stran^^er: A Study of Jew-
ish Life in the Small Community (New York: Bookman Associ-
ates, 1957). "
684 Katz Susan G. Jewish Socio-Political Problems in the
American Drama: 1920-1962. New York, 1969. 568p.
(DA 30:63-A)
The purpose of this research |:)aper is to identify and analyze the
sociopolitical issues confronting American Jews during the years
1920-1962, as this phenomenon is depicted by the literature of
the American drama. This investigation determined that there
exists a correlatiun between the sociopolitical problems confront-
ing the Jewish people as depicted in the American drama between
1920 and 1962 and those actually experienced by the Jewish group.
(A)
685. Kitay, Phillip M. Hadicalism and Conservatism Toward
Conventional Religion: A Psychological Study Based on a
Group of Jewish College Students. Columbia (Teachers Col-
lege), 1944. 183p.
Published under the same title (New York: Teachers College
Press, Columbia University, 1947).
686. Klaperman, Gilbert. The Beginnings of Yeshiva University,
the First Jewish University in America. Yeshiva, 1955.
397p. (DA 18:1774)
Published under the title The Stury ol Yeshiva University: The
First Jewish University m America (New York: Yeshira Univer-
sity ^ress, 1Ö6Ö). This is a detailed account of the first score
of years from the founding of the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theologi-
cal Seminary through its development under the leadership of
Dr. Bernard Revel, its first President of the Faculty, into a
complete system of Jewish education from elementary school
through Ordination. The Seminary, which was incorporated early
in 1897 by East European immigrants, later absorbed the Yeshi-
va Etz Chaim, an elementary school founded in 1885, and was
the mother Institution from which have sprung the 15 schools that
make up the University today. (A)
687. Korn, Bertram W. American Jewry and the Civil War.
Hebrew Union College, 1948. 276p.
Published under the same title (Philadelphia: Jewish I>ublication
Society, 1951).
688 Koslowe Irving. The Jewish Community of Mamaroneck.
Yeshiva, 1962. 372p. (DA 24:716)
f
JONAS
WILLIAM
(Albany)
1
WILHELM HERMANN GABRIEL JONAS
B.S. (Geology) CCNY, Ä MA CCNY
Bureau of Contlnulng Ed, NY State.
MARGARET FRANCES
B.Ed. SUNYBuffalo
M.A.Ed. U New Orleans
teaches, CP Center
m. 1 Aug 1932
RICHARD JOSEPH TAGLIERI
2 July 1951 Hoboken, NJ
oo SONJA NTSSINOFF 8 May 19 28
Teacher, (Retartied chlldren)
M. Ed. CCNY (BA Brooklyn Coli.)
In NYC -195?
Long Island 57-67
Albany 1967
LAURA ANN
BA Siena College , Albany
2 May 1959 Patchogue, NY
JD 1983 Case-Western U,Cleveland
ROBERT PAUL JONAS (after Paula Nlnnlsnoff, bis grandmother)
12 May 1970 ALBANY
^^ 37j-^/ ^^)
^ /^ifl/^/ " ^^aroh 25, 1982
DcarBIll: x/Th^ [ if^^)
what a moöi pleasanr ^^nd <>ltogG^her unexpected cfjrDrtse to have your
go^d letter oi .v'arch 1'^, wrltten In Fimt. -^ors h^d vov. :ou!d not catch me via ' .
the telephoae: I am not listed in the phone book . But my former ^vlfe and still
Cousin, who llves here, too (we share only the house) Is, underXi: R.W. Richter,
whlch you c^uld Hk not know. V eil, If you ever come clo.e aoaln, or 3t any tlre
v.ant to talk to me, call 313-7S9-2972. During tbe dey (10-3) it 1« 313-76«- 3424.
♦K. *v, ^^^^^' ^ must oonceas th-^t I h^d rri^en up all hope of Hearing from any of
the thret oi: you, ano I was, for once, auite unbr^ppv. Our par^nt.« generatlon gr«
up tog<>ther, and were my dosest relatives when I vvava kic:. I remenibe. vou -.vhen
your mouner iiursed you way back in Frankfurt, so my dej^crlPtlon of tho«?« .-nemorlcs
r.ad a reason.By the v.ö.y, by one o£ those incidents or accldents, T had somehow
forgo.ten to makö a copy of that letter. It was v;rltten not merely to remlnd you and
Herbert ^aa Franklin that you still nave a close cousin allve, bul ns pert of mv
mp:noires which I v/lU shortly begin to taoe-record fr^r wy .fr?.ndchl|r'ren (also to
be transcribec later as part of the family historles of Cohn ?nd Conltzer, for which
I have a Icrga ccllocüon of documenis,etc.). I wonder «hether I could .^sk vou
to xerox that letder, if you still have It, .-.nd send me the copv. Usu-ally I arn
a uiut about mtking coples of everythlnfi, but carbon Is nc good al all, so I xeroäl
the original, but promütly failed to make a cnpv for myself. Herbert ;=.nd ^rapklin
have not repUed, , " '
«fr A .\ *'''''! ";^^'^^'''iie <^ecided that there is no hope of gettlng a dement catalog
of Ludwig s pälr.ünys. The t^vo people ^-h o ic havc the Isrge.- number -,£ pahvdngs
(bot.i in larce.) ai.nply do not reply, and I -411 have t:^ r^-alt tuntll I gst to Israel,
topctully next year, and see what is aolna on. And T aucs<? I -vri hnve ^- stop
ofx aomoliow in Albeny to see v/hat vou have. Problem is that unuallv one has -o
ßupply one's ov/n cspUcns. Vour aunt Doris has a v«ry nice If str-all ocKportral^
of Ludwig from bis yuunger years, also some others (I did no* see t&em all), and
had no Chance of taking plctures. It is allthemor« ??ad becauce ^''AT.Tft? tonas
-udvdg 3"half-uophew" (son of Julius, your father's halfbrother) -/n.-sslso a very'
gifted (and better-kix'wn) painter who now has a beautlful memorlal volume wlth
pienty of excellent color fotos of his work (very colorful Indeed. snd less axpression-
istic thm much of Ludwig 's lasv works. So I gueas w3 will have to pu^ the
project to sleep, as neiiher 1 nor my ooUaboretor in England (Lotte Jonas« last
husbend) cann^jt afford much time in ü-aoing - and all leads seem to be dead-ends.
Good to haar ebout youi' family. It seems I got a few descendents ^vrong.
Don t understand why I v/as told your daughter was married uith 3 rHIrV-n Q' ^ourse
I only knsw of Margret. Kow I have to redraw the page again, and flnd room fo^the '
others. Vlould you und a few minutes to glve me all the n^mes Pnd birthdötes and-
birtn p.acGt f:>r the chiklren and grandchildren? Also the same for the In-la-;v8.
^e just added another Cordtzer descendert , an my dau-h-er had a sscond boy on "^
Decembcr 24,1382. His name is Eric Nathan Pressel, and he Is a very cute Ilttle
blue-eyed kid, already threc months old and smiUng. Nov^ that I am a grandfather
twice already Ibegln to understand the meaning of "generatlons": I remenber very xvell
your grandmother Jonas, (also your grandparents Nussbaum), and it is more than 50
years slnce I saw Grandmother K^argarethe in Frankfurt. If you have any fotos at
all of her generatlon (Ihappen a to have fotn« of n»Ariv »ii »he K«-,tK«-„ »n^ -•
N
o.er s father,too. A|so Heymann Jonas and hl« firet rvlfe (the slr3ter~Eva Conltzer)
.nd ^ther es.orted relatives. My maln Interest h«s been tc find and to 'opy ^oSs ^'
of (our mutucjl) .ncestors and I ha^,e been wulte luoky. Pecause ^^ur parems l'eft
f w^ h r . * '''^^'' ^ '^''^*^^ ^^"^ P^'^''«^'^*^ an^ uncle Oscar änd Doris, I rever
fotos o.! the old homes (in Gchwet^ , Vre nkfun and Bromberg . r>. you have any at
all? If so, would y^u trust me xvith them for a couple of weaks or so v-hHe T have
Ibetwven 8 and 10 I am horae and awake almost everv hiah*1^
I will be in 'A ashlngton DC in Tuly , and thls time Mll trv to «ee ^Vrbcrt 'i' "t
th! 'f "'^^V! '' f. ^°^^'^''=' '"^ ''"^^ ^^P^' ^^^^"^* '"^^^ °^ ^f^« ^>ther Conltrerr. have
Ived "^ fotoa I nave. and arffcx absolutely none of t.he houses In v.Mch their ancestors
fh. V ^^*r ";y P^"f- '''*^'^' I '^^n*«d ^° «i« onglnally vran to obtain cMor fotos of
ful ^Z^^^^ N '1^ C «c:thcred oulte a few but relatlvely they represent but a band-
!^ichTn t'J K^",^^ "^"^ '" Jovirnals,ete. And many ofthose were black-ond-whltes
whlch ffon t do ir.uch v/hen you need to see colors.) I had some v^y Int^restlna
seens to have a fsv; painclng. or di-awings (I have but one orl'^lna! dra-vln. and !ome
v?fu'4 tl^:;^:?l;f •. . ^'^^^r - -- -^' *^*« ^- ---'^^ ^- -^J^e a repre.;nt3U;e
T^tf. I! ? '^°^'L'' ^ ^'^"'^ "P ^"^- ^ ^^"^ ^ mentioned the hloqraphy -vblch
; ^nf ;;'^'T"*^'' '*'*' ?• '^"'^*' ^^ ^'^^^ ^"^-^^ *^^^ '^^^ ^^^^ W. you^v. years (up
f K, « * ^V^" I.''^ ^ '■''-^^^ ^'^'■"^ P^"^*^ °^' i*fe with Hevmann Jona- and' his chilcfren
of hls first wi.te, v;ho hated üiose of his second, and vice ver.a. That all ^ve s-ns of
Itl srf. i'.'i'l"^! **" ' ^""^ ^"* *"° '^^^■^ ^'^ '^^^ «*^^' ^"'^<^^> *^ --bitten m ^erman
and .vhi I had Int^eAed to tr.n.late and m«ke part o! the book. Ala«, it vvon't be done.
u, i fu '^^"1^"^^'^ '^''»-"3*'i Gerrnan, I would be alad to r.end yo« a copy of *hr H-pcsc^Dt
which I have herc It 1. a blt of long but as a fa.,lly dooument, it 1. InvaluaMel^Tof bid
my own son and daughter don't know the lancruage of o«r ycuth. th^Jr lo.. In-'-ed for
rr' rTri"''^'^^ ^^^ '" Cennaa^too. I will wlte my part of the story'ln Enalish,
otlierwise it is hopöless, and it is too i.nportant a storv not to be Mld. WhJ^^e ex-
ptrienced irmst not be forguLLen, sc I will record lt. I hope I can retire ^oen hecau<^e
It v;iii tiake flve yecrs or so to do it all.
Pler.se glve m bestr regards to your mciher, whom T remerber most fondly.
ar.d .n.wer 3oon. (?.?,.: it would be nice to have a short descrlpticn or ^he Mtles of
!^r!!^ n ?/T "^""l^f "'""^ ''^" °^'""' *'" ^* '^^^^ ^-^ *^^ (alltooshort) llst of Ludwlg's
v^rks. Psul Anthony irJierlted a large collection fmm Lotte, and cla% he has no children.
So I r-^nder A^ar will happen to those palntlnas ,as Paul Is amund 75 already and 111.
l\}llfTrt^f}T "^f7^"^'/^I P»^" t^' I shall aurely visit hin,. I hatc to think that
. L cH M to remlnd us of a highly talented and underevaluated oousin and uncle of
oa.s should be 'threwn to the wlndn." Alco PS: son^e works are now owned by the adopted
sons of Rudi, whose address I would dearly love to have. Thev are nl*o In T-r, - ^
HYATT REGENCY ELINT
ON RIVERBANK PARK
ONE RIVERFRONT CENTER WEST
FLINT, MICHIGAN 48502 USA
313 239 1234
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.10' IM HfMivi iviCHrER
F'.O. P0:< 7970
AMri tJWOH. MICHIGAN 48107
Dear Bill: mTKc^
March 25, 1982
what a most pleasant and altogether unexpected surprlse to have your
good letter of March 12, wrltten in Flint. Too bad you oould not catch me via
the telephone: I am not listed In the phone book . Bat my former wlfe and still
coüsin, who llves here, too (we share only the house) is, underXX R.W. Richter,
which you could afe rot know. Well, if you ever come close agaln, or at any time
want to talk to me, call 313-769-2972. Durlng the day (10-3) itis 313-763-3424.
Well, I must confess that I had given up all hope of hearing from any of
the three of you, ahd I was, for once, quite unhappy. Our parents' generatlon gre
up together, and were my dosest relatives when I was a kid. I remember you when
your mother nursed you way back in Frankfurt, so my description of those memories
had a reason, By the way, by one of those incldents or accidents, I had somehow
forgotten to make a copy of that letter. It was written not merely to remind you and
Herbert and Franklin that you still have a close cousin alive, but as part of my
momoires which I will shortly begin to tape-reoord for my grandchildren (also to
be transcribed later as part of the family histories of Cohn and Conltzer, for which
I have a large collection of documents,etc.). I wonder whether I could ask you
to xerox that letter, if you still have it, and send me the copy. Usually I am
a nut about making copies of everything, but carbon is no good at all, so I xerox
the original, but promptly falled to make a copy for myself. Herbert and Franklin
have not replied.
w*
I have meanwhile decided that there is no hope of getting a decent catalog
of Ludwig's paintings. The two people vh o mhave the largest number of palntings
(both in Israel) slmply do not reply, and I will have to wait tuntil I get to Israel,
hopefully next year, and see what is going on. And I guess I willhave to stop
off somehow in Albany to see what you have. Problem is that usually,„öne has to
supply one's own captions. Your aunt Doris has a very nice if smäÜ selfportralt
of Ludvylg from his younger years, also some others (l dld not see them all) , and
had no Chance of taking pictu-es. It is allthemore sad because WALTER JONAS,
Ludwig' s"half-nephew" (son of Julius, your father's halfbrother) was also a very
gifted (and better-known) painter who now has a beautiful memorial volume with
plenty of excellent color fotos of his work (very colorful indeed, and less expression-
istic than much'of Ludwig's last works. So I guess we will have to put the
project to sleep, as neither I nor my collaborator in England (Lotte Jonas' last
husband) cannot afford much time in tracing - and all leads seem to be dead-ends.
Good to hear about your family. It seems I got a few descendents wrong.
Don't understand why I was told your daughter was married with 3 children. Of course,
I only knew of Margret. Now I have to redraw the page again, and find room for the
others. Would you find a few minutes to give me all the names and blrthdates and-
birth places for the children and grandchildren? Also' the same for the in-laws.
Wo just added another Conitzor descendent , as my daughter had a second boy o'n
December 24,1982. His name is Eric Nathan Pressel, and he is a very cute little
blu2-eyed kid, alroady three months old and smillng. Now that I am a grandfather
twice already Ibegin to understand the meaning of "generations": I remember very well
your grandmother Jonas, (also your grandparents Nussbaum), and it Is more than 50
years slnce I saw Grandmother Margarethe in Frankfurt. If you have any fotos at
all of her generatlon {Ihappon et to have fotos of nearly all the brothers and slsters)
I
I
fO
,>
0)
u
u
O
CO
CO
Ol
k^ThTv inT'/"' ^^P^^^'^^"y '' >^^" '''^'"'^-' fori can ha^.e reproductlons made of mlne.
Oser s father,too. A| so Heyn^mi Jonas and his flrst wlfe (the slster^Eva Conltzer)
and other assorted relatives. My mnin Interest has been to find and to copy fotos
of (our mutual) ancestors and I have been wuite lucky. Because your parents et
ZT\T^: enough I think they may have brought out famlly Los'l do rL k^Lw
tt h ] , "^^^^ ''^^'' ^ ^^'^'^^ ^^^-^ P^'-^^ts and uncle Oscar and Doris I n^^r
oto?of°th' h'.'"'"- . '"'" "^°'" ^"^'^^"^ ^^^-"^^ ^^^- than snake hai^s) are
al /t?U °^',^^"'^^^^" '^^'^-^^^ ' F-^nkfurt and Bromberg. Do you have any at
all? If so, would you trust me with them for a couple of weeks or so while I have
SrersTnd OT "h'''"%'"""1 «fwritingls apain, just call rnec^ll^cl
tbetween 8 and 10 I am home and awake almost every night)).
I will be in Washington DC in July, and this time will try to see Herbert fla st
wr^e to Fra^Hi ^'"' '° '•' n ''"^- ^'° '"°"^' ^^ '"^^ »^^^ some. I wnToncJLrl
th! IT'T}^ T^ ^°^^*her my only hope, because most of the other Conitzers have
llved! '' '"' "^'^ -bsolutely none of the houses in which their ancestors
• - ■ m
th u ^^*? "7 ^^^''V ^^^^ ^ ""^"^^^ ^° ^° orlglnally was to obtain color fotos of
he works of Ludwig's (I gathered quite a few but relatively they represent but a hand-
whi^hTn' t'd"''"H'°"/' ''"' ^" Journals, etc. .nd many of tho Je ^S black-a«^^
whxch don t do much when you need to see colors.) I had some very interestlng
se:ms'toh:;eir" "".' ^^-°"^,^^^-^) -1^^^-^ of Franz ocRosenzweig and Lerybod
seems to have a few pamtings or drawlngs (I have but une original drawlng and some
copies of engra vlngs) . However, none of this is enough to make a representative
vo ume such as we had hoped to come up with. I think I menüoned the TogrlphTwhich
L ?7n ;.'''T?''^ °" *'" ''^^'^ °' "^^^ ^"^"^^ ^°ld her about his young years (up
of his f r'st wif'e h'n' Th^^ '^^^^^P-^^-i^ -' ''^- with Heymann Jonas and his chlSen
of his first wife, who hated those bf his second, and vice versa. That'all five sons of
my aunt Grethe turned out to be remarkably successful In their chosen professions is
?uUus a'nd his :.' .^^"^^^^.^^ ^^^^ ^^' ^'^'^ ^elp from their fear-insplring father
and wh^T h^H • ;'r^ ^ '^""^ °"' '°° "^'"" '" '^'^ ^fo^y- ^hlch is written in German
and whi I had intedied to translate and make part of the book. Alas, it won't be done
Bu if you remember enough German, I would be glad to send you a copy of he ty^es^rlp«
whxch I have here. It is a bit of long but as a famlly document, it is iLaluabll To^ bo
my own son and daughter don't know the language of our youth/their loss indeed f^
most documents naturally are in German,too. I will write my part of the sto^ !n Engllsh
otherwise it is hopeless, and It is too important a story not to be told. WhaTwe ex-
iTw^lT/k^r'' "°' '°'''"'"' '" ' ^^" "^^"^^^ ''' ' h°P^ I ^^" ^-tl^e soon because
It Will take five years or so to do it all.
.nH .n= ^^^^'^ ^\rj^^ ^^'* "^^^'"^^ *° y°^' "^°*"®^' whom I remember most fondh
and answer soon. (P. S. : it would be n.ce to have a short description or the tltles o
workf p.T/^'.h' f" '""^ ''"" "''"' *° ^^ "^^^^ *° *he (alltooshort) list of Ludwig's
^n T nn. ^"^"j^^y^/f ^^^^ed a large collecüon frx^m Lotte, and alas, he has no chl!c^e
So I wonder what will happen to those paintlngs ,as Paul Is an.und 75 already and i
InTl w. "^""^ ^^'''' '^^ ^ P'-^^" t°' I ^hall surely vlsit him. I hate to think that
n r H V/u ?r"^'"' "' °' ^ '^^^^^y ^^1^"*^^ ^"'^ underevaluatted a.usTn and unc e of
sons of Ru.±, whose address I would dearly love to have. They are also in Israel
n:
♦ t
<i.
I i
^?t^n^^!J?*'*^^ Baudenkmäler im zweiten Weltkrieg.
Kv.l) Muenchen, Beck, I978, p.iflO «exTvicrieg.
Synagoge f Tuchmacherstraße 6). Schlichter klas-
sizistischer Rechteckbau von 1822. Im Inneren
giebelverdachter Säulenaufbau über dem Thora-
schrein sowie Emporen.
In der «Kristallnacht« am 9. November 1938 aus-
gebrannt, die Ruine später beseitigt.
Kunstdenkmäler/Stadt Frankfurt. S. 93. Abb. 69
Jakobihospital (Oderstraße). 1454 in unmittel-
barer Nähe des Franziskanerklosters für die von
Osten über die Oderbrücke Ankommenden
gestiftet, die Anlage Mitte des 16. Jh. erwei-
tert und 1804 durchgreifend umgestaltet; aus die-
ser Zeit der dreigeschossige Rechteckbau in sei-
ner endgültigen Gestalt. Die zur Oderstraße ge-
legene frühklassizistische Hauptfassade von elf
Achsen mit Putzgliederungen; der risalitartig
vorgezogene Mittelteil mit vergiebeltem Haupt-
portat.
Im April 1945 zerstört, die Ruine im Zuge der all-
gemeinen Enttrümmerung während der ersten
Nachkriegsjahre beseitigt.
Kunstdenkmäler Stadt Frankfurt. S. 99f.. Abb. 73
Kruzifixhäuschen (am Gc
Magdalenen-Hospitai vor
Kleine rechteckige Kapolte
men von 1798. Im Innere
bogenoffnung t^nf\>rkos K
den Figuren der McJMiI uiui
1945 beschädigt, um 1960
aufbau an anderer Stelle b<
Kunstdenkmaler Stadt Frankf
b^
J^"*^ --^—.
?»*:>?
^^ii^
•^
r*'
•n
December 1?, 198O
Dear Cousin Bill:
ill: /f" / /
.(/
we saw eacn ocher last. It was In Kew York and I visitod vour nothpr <^nr>\no
one of my rare Visits to .New York. In the vears sincI; lo?rhas happened^
and one of them was a break in ths contactvvith your auAt Doris Ind her
?o N;.1orrLa-in'Z"'t?'S^"'- ?^'" 5^^^^^* ^^^*' ^ had^a'chS^ce ?S co.e
^^+!^ wi ?f ^ ^° *^ ^®® -^^^^s ^^^ ^^^^'^ and his erowinp faniilv.v erv
cute kids It was news to me that your mother had .-noved to Albi^y!too
and 1 fmally got your address, as I do like to renew our contaSt and'
IWl III l^^l «P^^f'f^^il-y <^a^3ed my resolve not to !ose ?ou2h ^ti?Sly
with the last rernaining Jonas fanily mcmbers who were amonp tnv closest
relatives alr.iost half a Century ago. After alj, I remeS vou a^ rLbv
?o'??aSSur1 ä ITcT'^r ^? '?'^' °'^* "^^* I think'^If Sy f^rs^visif '''
m^K ^,^ **?^' ^^^^ ^° ^^^ ^'^e Jonas residence. In fact. I still re-
member cqually well the big round table in the livin? room ("C bave been
tne dinmg room) which was ro.;ind and somehor could hf ^nlLaed bv toninL
a orank - although I would think it was more by the way of lonventiS ^
°f^*^%^",*f ^°T ^'^owi^^ on a pamting which I a- alnost certain hurip in your
parents* home m Hew York, and probaMy Is with you now.
I also remejnber (when you get to be sixty, your child-
hood nenories come back at you as if they-'hlppined^y^JteJd^y: ."^rbeinj^sick
tfvirt, with uncle Ludwig cOxBing to Tiy bodsice and
(cold) arid in bed in Frankfurt, v,...„ uxiux« i^uuwig coxBing to Tiy bocsice and
3?«5«n!;f '^^f'^^^' I ^^^« Played it ever since, losing ^racloisl^^d c^-
?if!^^!^^• '"^r ""y «^'«P^t«^ Programming son Visits ae (ha lives neS? Los
Angeles) we pLiy the game as I tought hiui, bat he always beats me)7.>
m^hS^^^"® ?f ™y/®ff?^s for writing is that I would like to know that your
^S«^ ro+^''^}^ ft^ ^^^^^ remembers the little boy who 5^ yeats ago thre
bäum In ?hf r" ^^® "'J^ ''^ ^?^ newly-wed brothers and sisters Jonis and Nuss-
2:1^4+ ^® ®^*® °^ ^^^* ß^®^''^ event, the double-wedding, in I078
r r»„i A^+K ■"■" ^^t last four years, I have corresponded extensively with
C Faul Anthony, whom Lotte Jonas married after Ludwig'o death. Paul is a
painter and restorer of paintings, and also the legal heirof Lotte who had
?wo^ith^?''*^°?T °^ ludwig's work. That is now with him. Ihere are at leas?
two other smaller collections in Israel, and of course raany paintings in
o^^"?n' ^v^ ?^^^^^^" P^^^^*« collections. It is PaulTdesire. Sril ^
^Tc.\^l/^^^ i'^^yri^^ '^''''^ ^f**®^ ^^^^^'^ *o ^^^e people who never knew hi?^
illvi 1% ^^^^]^ T° y®?^?,^°) and who may not have much of Chance ?o see
^ainLr «o +^2 l ^J^ "^f ""^^ ^ "cont empor ary" or specifically Jewish
painter, so the art crowd neglected him - and he was too self-effacing to
r«fLni!!^i^ ^^rr.^^*^!- ^^"^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^°P^'^« *° «^'"Piie a catalog
raisonnee of Ludwig« s works, see how many we could reproduce (hopefully in
color) and oi+n-^.th«- -nm*» un wjth a kind of memorial book which would ^n_
ainr« nij'^l^ ^^F^^^ ^" Lotte's biograpyhy which I am now tr^nnlating
since she wrote it in German. "«•*' t.
o«2«i^ L!k^^*^^"'*^'' "^"^^ ^^^ brought to America by your parents and uncle
Oscar, each having sonie. In aunt Doris« apartment hangs a nice little
?^inS??n''«i^wP''?^^?^5; ^''°™ i^* *^^y 1920ie8. She has others, and probably
Franklin and H-irbert have a few. I wonder whether you would be willin« to
fHlh^nv """It ^«^f i^ing the paintings (and etchin^s.et?J which yÄve
«nd^? ?r./«« catalog I mentioned would not give the naraes of thJ owners,
?^r tLil ?5 S°kT-® ""^^ intended to xm give information on location (except
f?J J°^Js in public museums). The dating of the worka would be inportar.t.
although I recall that few of Ludwig 's works seern to ha/e heen dateti.
the df^^^f tSrr<,i^i?.''r>^^ ^"^^^ °f •'^,^ -amillah <oad viows) hangs behind
m f^l'\? the Israeli Ambassador in //ashii.öton.D.C . , yherc I saw it year-s
ago and ol which 1 nave a föto. i'ho problem Faul, and I havre is not just
findinc: people who ov/n Jonas paintings but to get fotos of the more import-
ant onas. But first things first. of course. ^^yiji ^.
L-ieanuhile I a'i tryin^^ to /ret Franlr to do the sane for ii», rn^ if i
hrniiht^-iI^Mi^?rt!J'';^:$ February. whjn I am in Washington,. üC. i will see what
ne nifiht oe able tc do. ^?»? have nade on« notable contribu+ion thu« far; I
locatPd a marvellous palntjng of a very old woman who turned out to bo a
closerelativß of Fr«az .<oi?«new«>ig, a werk mentioned in the bio-raphv ^id one
Iqpq'V'^T'^ S^u'- /''!;'' ^i'"'^t ^* ^f" r^Produced in the Berliner Tageblatt in
192Q or so. t By luck and Sherlock Polmeg-type deduction, I fcund tVjp
worK which, fortunately, was in lon^don. Pavl Anthony lives not farr fron
London. an6 he r.et with th« currwt owner snd restored it. It ig a verv fine
n?''fn^Y".°"i'^?"''^^ **:i^^^ different fron the brilliantly colorful landscapes
of ludwig'3 latrjr works I nyself have no paint.inf.8. bis unfir.ished portrail
?«i??n..^?''''^J'r?-2"'^^''''^ eot lost during one of my many moves while in
California But I had a veryiine charcoal rirawing of myself at -i/ne age ol
11 -wnich I discovered five yc.-rs afo In noine never-opened packafce. It now
hangs m Tiy bedroon. the cnly original I havo (I have otherwise onlv a few
of his etchlngs m black and white).—
To lae, uncle Ludwig was ny first friend ?jnor.?: adults. An a lover of
?^2\\^f^ to appreciate his works and am glad to'see that in Israel, one
has not forgotten hi;n: there wäre notable exhibits in 19^^? and 1967 and
vo?r,mr^?^J jxpressicnc of appreciation. ^arly thi? year, a beautiful rnemorij
7,^i^r!v i .^''^p^^^^* colorreproductions of his works whtk was published in
7,rli?^ for jvaltee Jonas, son of Julius, who as you know was a halfbrother
Of your father'e. I met Walter ivet six months before h-s 5ied in 1970. and
we >^ad a (rnuch ta. brief ) talk about things which happened aeons ago. Paul and
i are thmklng of such a book, once we have a reasonable list of Ludwig 's
. . 1^ v^®^?f,^° "^^^^ ^^ ^ell rae what you think of it all, and whether you
would be willing to send ne a list with sorae notes on what paintines vou
have. i.ost of them would be of interest today if onyl because they are from
Ludwig '3 earlier years. ^ ^
Weanwhile, my best regards to your mother and to you and your fa-nilv.
Frank says that iv^rgaret is long married and has children. I an a grandfather
two lor 2 years now already (my daughtei*s son, Daniel, was born in 1978)
^ince I need the relevant data for the William Jonas family. I enclose a'copy
?f ?Su ?"i**'®'^ Femily Tables which shows you the latest stand. Pleacie r©turn
it with dates on your daughter's family and I will send you e. copy of the
updated table later. ^ *^* ^-f
With best wishes, ' / ^ /X y/>
»r - . ._
'-,r. ..
.^y
July 21, 1980
. Dear i^ranklinj aV^"^^
oan .no«t thoae other relativ»" ih^J^^fi., ';'>» "onfssoo, so you
roSTI Lr^tS Bho°,^uld ISjoy'??! '* "■'^' '^^''' ^°"^ ^^"«^ ^°""
™y oollectlon of fa.,dly Photos. „hS «rSist^rthe U^UTf ^y.
So lon^ , and tFiaks a^ain.
ly
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M^Ai:i Jic^ (y CxBm (-
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RUST GRAFT
30N0003-2
»UST GRAFT
*DI IN USA 0 2 Ol
September 25, 19 79
My dear Blanche and Franklin»
T .4. V, J ^"^ SO happy to receive your pood wiahes and all the news
1 can t beg^in to teil you how muhh I appreciate renvvinp our contacts -
lost lor so many months since ray good uncle Oscar 's death. I am parti-
cularly happy to hear that your mother/mother-in-law is stin with vou.
^o^r^t^^ ^^® ^^ ^^^^^ "^^^^ "^' ^3 I recall the day of her weddinp' in
1926 (53 years af^o!) when I was the little flower boy for the two happy
couples in the Fasanenstr^sse synafop^ue (I have a copy of that raemorabi e
Toto too). last year I was in Berlin, for the first time in 33 years. änd
stood where that huge ternple used to be - and which I remernber of coirsp
from my victorious entry into Berlin in Auf^st of 19^5, when I visited
there and all the other places I used to live in and knew so many of our
mutual relatives. j w o.
ov, « 4. v"^ ^^^J ^°^ review fifty years of ray life (I am preparinp that for
an autobiography) just now, but I do want to teil you that I return your
good wishes three-fold - for those three boys of yours, our next generation.
HS you know, we are scond cousins, and those sons of yours third coaftions.
of our two "children". by now 28 and 2k years old, both married, and my
daughter the happy mother of a little boy, already 1 year old. I know it
dates me. facing ray 60th birthday, but I try not to think of it.
Nor will I go into details of the genealogy, since I shall send
you all your relatives, kno'^ or not, since the genealogical tables have
Iu®"^??,I!® ^^ ^^^^ ^^^® *o ^^^ '^^^ latest addition, Oscar I artin, to both
the com and the CONITZ£R tables, since we are all on both tables (these
are the farnilies of our greatgrandparents through our grandmothers who were
SXSXOlTSy t
There is a lot to teil aside frora ancient faraily histoyy. I have
been in touch for some years with the Äidower of ^otte Jonas, the widow of
our uncle Ludwig. iVe are trying to prepare for future publication a bio-
graphy plus a list of Ludwig 's kno;vn paintings, moat of which are of course
in private hands. I have copies of but a few, but Paul Anthony, who lives'
in iiäißland, ov/ns a fairly large numbers, being the legal heir of ludwig's
widow, whom she raarried some years after uncle Ludwig di ed.
One of the natters dear to rny heart is to corae to New York next
year in June) and see you, and your good mother, and hopefullv, uncle
^illy s widow. too. Naturally I want to see Herbert, and your cousin '-filliara
too. We must get together and renew what haa been a close relationship
between our parents for some forty years and raore. I live in Ann i\rbor
now, since 1956, and now I am too old to move, working toward "retireraent"
(assummg I can afford to retire. Inflation raight kill ne yet). However,
1 am active in my professional associatinns, one of which vdll hoTd its
annuiä Convention in New York in June of 198O, and I hope to add a week to
the official leave and spend some time with the Jonases. Afteraan. it
will be (on June 21,1980) the 39th anniversary of my landing in Staten
Island - with your good father waiting patiently to welcome rae to your hone.
As I remernber, he had to hang around the docks for seven hours, since the
lowly third-class passeng ers were debarked last. And all that at 104° in
the shade. , .
Paul also send nie a priceless rnanuscripti Lotte Jonas' story of
ludwig's life in Bromberg as a child, and of his career as a young painter
(through about 1912). She teils a lot about Heimann Jonas, your greatgrand-
father. add about the suffering your grandmother ürethe, hi? second wife,
had to endure. But also about the fine, reticent young man who gave up
his 3eoi'3?on?'"l're.enberso"me\??J«'^^i ??' "^^•'°''" =" ^« srateful for
that ourlJus roSnd table th^t?^/?°^ '" l^^ tf^* ^" Franltfurt/Oder with
a period of over 200 years and (in some casS) eigSi |en«a«Snfr ""^'^
whlch your mother tov hav" tod S^dLs oJ tlf "°* send one sorae years apo.
incidentally sho» some inlirniuon SLsln^ rl'hl ä?oiSf^?hi »'"l^^-hiph
where I sj^St'L^,iriiir^d*?bi'rs:srr?^o,!?n™rartrjiJtro%'L'?'^^ "f r"'
™anusorlpts. one of whlch has the King° *S^=Jäl.tel'David eic?SISt!'*
In'i^fstSrr^äSd 1*' ^"' "'?■*• ^"»"i"»^ y^ a?e'p?ofesSlSian7inte?«ter'-
in history, and, I am jure, In ly own field, llbraries. • •^"^®"^'™
Stay well
and we will all meet next Sumtaer.
Augußt 5, 1979
Prof. Franklin L. Jonas
Dept. o:f Socia? Science
New York Institute of Technology
888 7th Avenue
NEIV YOHK, K.Y. 10019
Dear Prof. Jonas i
I writinp: in the hope that you are the son of
the l*te i'Ir. Oscar Jonas of Mev/ York, a cousin of my mother, v^hom
I have known for raany years and Mioi/hose home I visited several
tiees in the 19^0ies and 1950ieG.
I am very much interested in contactinf;
Mrs. iJoris Jonas, from whom I have not heard since the passin^^ cf
her husband. 1 am also interested in contacting her sister, the
widov; of the late Preu Jonas,
\
be ricst obliaed indeed.
If you could assist ne in this matter, I v;ould
Kost sincerely yours,
u
^ o
o u
^ PQ
i —
\
o
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t<K
V
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RED GROSS ENQI
(^ yxumxxK
lul-Mb ^n
I
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7^/11x06/01-10^^%.
Stamp of issuing Red Gross :
:?*■• Uii^A..«,.
"^ ftffrErC'W-RiTLÄTtOr-S-O^'Ef^AR-T-MEN.T^
o /-o vv> /y^ ^ ^/t " ■ W 6 ^tA,<fcNCE HüUSt, ST. JAME3S, LONDON, S.W.1.
^C^'f t a«* \^/D EMANDEUR
Name/Nom...ß.j.Qj.T.'f.^.\.^...^.Oj^
First Names/Pr^noms J^^i^fl^^-Üeßry .". ZI ' ""
Date of Birth/Date de Naissance 'd-Q-^l-l-^-i^g Place of Birth/Lieu de Naissance ZiZr^Z
Natioijality/Nationalitö Al&QTiO&Ii vxtfxiiixt-
Address/A^resse4l..a..I^.i......2Ql..,....Gl^I^e«0.e....^t.S^e'^^^
Ongmal Home Address (m the case of a Displaced Person) /Domicile dans son propre pavs : *•*"•"!» v*-. w . x •
/</T/l
■\);
.Güuain.
KECOiJO BUREAU
^' jI»SPLACEn..PJ:RSONS A.REPATRIATION
Relationship of Enquirer to Addressee/Degrfi de j itenU dSUBiCOJkWgStQBeiagCn^wbyrchfe
The enquirer desires news of the Addressee and asks that the follomng message should be transmitted to him :
Le demandeur voudrait des nouveUes de la personne recherch^e et d6sirerait lui transmettre le message suivant :
C
j
ADDRESSEE
Date ?.?.^J..Uar j....7.th. ... J 945.
Name/Nom .....-^MlM^.
DESTINATAIRE
First Names/Pr6noms r:^^^.'^.^.;^^.!^.^/.....!^....^?.^^
Date of Birth/Date de Naissance .^.§.?.?. ^... A.§.§.^.
Nationality/Nationalit6 ?.?.?. ^^.
Place of Birth/Lieu de Naissance ^.'^.93^,?.^M.
Single
C^libataire
^rv^w'^
Profession/Profession
Last known address/Demi^re adresse connue :
V ^r <F'^r V 4^y9f C?^.^ (Delete all irrelevant matter) .
^i^\^ (Barrez les mots qui ne servent pas).
zzia,- •Italy*'
S & D Ltd.— 2 X817
The Addressee 's reply to be written overleaf (not more than 25 words)
La röponse du destinataire (25 mots au maximum) peut6tre dcrite au verso!
Lumiz.J.,Aw j
F.R.59/1937
4
4
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^ '^^^^ ßA/nJßrhOUjyt, Mj^^otiO-^yodZiTh. '»
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)
/■
VAI) VASHKJVl
r.O.IJ. Hl «IrrdHiiloin, Israel
MartyrH' and Ilerocn'
MontoriiU Autliorhy
DAF-ED
For' tlie r^|clKtrutlun of the
virdin» of tlif» fllsastcr.
('
I !
Uo^Mstr. No Dltt^nn .00
Surname
Photo
1953 v"»!!;/! DC;t T»
2 'Oö T'voa ymp
bx «i^oNb Hin "Dtt^i T" '?^ "n^pDn
,DrDi flK 11001 it>D:c> /"»n.Tn Dyn
rinnysi "»xKin n'»'iK2 niöi lanba
"iKb /n1^^^p!? »onb id7i ck^ a^xn^.
Jl"'üjn :?l^N T""' 132 'DT3 Ü^inn 13D)
(25.8.1953)
nnoir^Dn di:; .i
First name
ELSA
^ÜIDH Dtrn .2
Name of Father
II
#lnann Jonag (l332-il915)
■ *■■ ■ — ■- - - . ■
nKH Dir^ .3
Name of Mother
I'iarffarethe (Conitz^r) 186O-I939)
Dxn ü^ A
Date of birlh
12 ^JÄroh 1885
m'^^n inKn .5
Place and country of birth ^^,^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^
Brombarg^ Prov^ Weat rruoola^ then Gernany
Permanent residence
yinpn oma^Dn di?ö .7
Bronberg^ Irankfurt/Odcr. Berlin > Paria
Occupation
milliner
5?ixp>.^n .8
•»XKin ^nsn "»:id^ nu-'nn .9
Nationality before German occupation
Placcs of rcsldence^lr,g thc war Hön'raa DnUan HWI?» .10
Abazaia, Italy, untll dap, to Pol«nd(y) May/Ju^e 19^^
Place, date and clrcumstance.s of dcath
The Marfyrs' and Heroes' Remenn-
U e (Yod Vashem) Law. 5713-
detennincs in Art. No. 2 that
The ta.*^k of Yad Va-Shcm Is to
falber in to the homclnrii mato? ial Nanie o£ >\'ife"and maiden nan.o/Age
ros:ar(iJng all tlivo.se menibcrs of
the Jewi.'-h xicople who laid dov/n
their llves, "who foußht and re-
ni3''D:ni ]^in ,r\)r:n oipxj .11
Family Status: Bachelor/]\Ian ied/Number of children L'iy»n IDDö / 'It^J / pn ^nPIDII^Ö 21?^ .12
alngla
bollcd aqainst the Nazi enemy
and hi3 collaborators, and to ucr-
l^otiiate their meniory and that of
tlto comniunitio.g, orj^anizations ano
iustitulir.n.«^ wliich woie dc.^'troyod
becau.so tlioy wer« Jewi.-h.
nb^i / VHW17] ^:Db nnnDU?^ d^i n^i<n nxt; A3
Name of Ilusband/Ape
^b''^ I ^ynn or
Place and dale of deatli
^^rPi
Age
iDD:i:r 18 b^-i. ^y Dn'?^ d-.d::; ,14
Naines of drceased chil.lr» n \ip to the age of 18
(over t).e a^e of 18 fill cut pnothcr fonn)
rsote: ChiMr« n niu.'öt bo leKislerod on the form
.nnK D^D^ nnv k^ ik oninn ihk '^il^ 'nyn-ni/^n dviI?-)'? r;^ Dn'?\T nx : myn
ne.'idüt nt (fnn nd,irr«K) 1 436 Eas t Park_ PlacG , Ann Arbpr , Michigan 48101,. USA (HK'r'a nniriD) n -i:;n
'( Nvo/AcQ3ey^ij^vp^5j.>f , .Eloa Jonasi flrat couüln of -my motk<3r* '?r nnD?D n/nnp
li .•!»>' d^rlarr thal Uir def-nls c»f my to.'-liniony ar«^ triie
and coiK 1 1 lo ^tlTTjbfsl «>f i^iv ki).)\vbHi>j[^ and hilit'f.
Place
and dr.ie.Ann Arbor, Mich. , 7~29-70^^^^p^ Q^^
Si;;na«jn; of DflKo Clerk TplOn nO'*Dn
!■■■
August 28, 1977
Dear Cousin Franklin» 0<^^^^
4.U X x.^° ^'**"y years have passed since I last visited yoar paronts and at
af^am, It has been several years now since mv not-too--rr'An«or>+. o^^v.=v.^« «
allover
to say that I have not heard from your pother for many months.
«», + ^•?f"'*=ly» I sent her a copy of the Conitzer family set of genealocical
Charts - the one on which the Jonas family is shown. it is ray intStion to
?h'^^rlf S ^"''''^f r™^^""^ f ?^" family to add to the n^le^and Ses sSown
^«^r Jo ?J ^''® ?i^?i"^ ' ^^ ^^'^^^ *^« ^^^* ^h°^s *he family. for the moT
Sr^5^^? ^ 7t^ ^^'l^ ^^^^ ^S°' ^ *^^"^ ^"^ö^e may well be new weubers to
?L+ f^f * •L^''°^.5^ ^2"^ mother's interest in the family and am worried
i^?\f fn^^®? Ü^ ""^^ receive my letter and the Chart, or eise she raay
nct be well and therefore did not reply. l have just sent off a .iew Year's
ca/-., J^oping she will receive it and perhaps be able to res^ond. If not.
1 sliould value nev/s about her and your own and your brother's familv
L?^I! "j;^ ^®®" f^^^J^?. ^°™^ oNew York long enough to call you so we could
get tocether aga in, but perhaps next year it might be easier to arranre it.
ix I stop in your big city. *
•
4« AA ^'^,°^ family is quite well and busy, my raarried daughter lives here
mlt^A/? jy son iiark. now 22 years old. is the first real sailor in the
raass of families I am related to. he is a navigator on a destroyer of the*
oL '^JJ-r-, ^"^ °^i in San Francisco, my first hometown here in the States
and still my favorite city.
o v,«+« -K ^^■'^^"s* you and your family are well, and if you would respond with
a note about your mother and brother, I should be most obliged to you indeed.
With kindest regards,
John Henry Richter*
«
grandson of Martha Conitzer Segall,
a sister of your grandmother largarethe Jonas.
Tomas
FQAm
fciLjKl
o
o
.y^. ^.e^/^^.u^
<dC€i^
.^z^^/!4€^.
^
OTa
'^^
^^-^^^^€^^-^^iM>/^,^:ny..4^.€^^^
^.^^n^
^^^^^^m/:'H^.a/'.,€ffte<^Jc^^c^
O
JONFS, ADAM
1^:1
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iNSnU)lil>NAll/l l) EDUt AHlf Ml Nf MI V
miARiMP {^^^^"^ h;(mmi ohu)mau
•muff JAMISVINCINT
jMiLTOf MVOMOSIATlC PHFSSUIU ON ( OMHOSION
IaIK.UI AT MKiM FHf OUINC Y (DIN!. 1'»/.'1HI
^^I^H()IK~ UNIVf MSllY O^ AM( MU A) 1(>5p M 06
m». fl CHARIIS BYRON
^1^1 UU* Of rOlAHl/AllON CAPA( IIV AND
KISiSTANCI AT MAOIO FHK)(IFNi:ifS (PH Ü 1922
lOHNlll UNiVtMSiTYMOp 119^4 p 11
iOUlf»f fRtOT
■ ♦>in^<BllNnf IN A CilANT QUAMT/ VF IN
iFAVFHlOD(.F l AKf NOHIHWtST UHHITÜHIFS (PH
J> ,>)1«, rHlN(.£TON UNIVFHSITY) W19J5. p 32
jOlllff I MAROLD R
»Ml i MiT'CAl METHOnS ANO INFlUtNCF Of
pfSTif V S MOHACF (PHD 1 936 UNI VmSH Y OF
( H ( AuO) VV1936 p 8 1
»OUlfH PITER ALFRED
" pmoio'^>nthesis phütomfspimation and
RtlATKl ASPECTS Of CARBON DIOXIDE F X( HANGE
B> AMFAT CORN AND AMARANTHUS FDUIIS (PHD
«971- THE IINIVERSITY ÜF BRITISH COl UMBIA
(CANAOA)) J1 12 B. p 7138
\Hllf»r RICHARD ORLANDO
' ThASESOF CÜRHUPTION in ROMAN
*r>M'N'STRATI0N IN THE LAST HALF tENTLJRY OF
thE «OMAN HEPUBIIC (PHD 1 9 16 UNIVFRSITY OF
(M CACO» 109p L 1919 p 40
iOUIVET OALMATIUS F.
TMl AHTHUR'AN CULT (PHD 1939FüRnHAM
lNiVERSiTY) W1939 p 99
jOaS KINNETH ROBERT
»tcHV PATTERNS IN A PACKED BFO (^^ D 1966
I.IN VERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN)
:^2v 21 03 B p 801 66-07760
X)LLY ARTHUR RICHARD
P.ANNING EDUCATION IN DEVEIOPING COUNTRIES
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE MANPOWER ISSUES.
A TM PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO AFRICA (PH D
1966 YALE UNIVERSITY) 294p 27 09 A, p 2667
66-14268
^ILY AUDREYGRACE
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KMYSiCAL PROCESSFS IN THE FLASHOVER OF
iNSULATORS WITH CONTAMINATED SURFACES
iPHO 1971 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY) X1971. p 170
^LLY. EUGENE R
TMF SITE AND NATURE OF ACTION OF CERTAIN
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(
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ON ABU ITY
SCORE S
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00 2 1916
OF
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l 1925 p HR
JOME. RONALO DAVID
CONSIDERATIÜN OF THE USE OF SUBSTRATE
SPECIFIC FLUOHLSCENT ANTIBODY FOR lOCALI/ING
BACTERIAL PHOTEINASES (PHD 1967 UNIVERSITY
OF MAHYl AND) 80p 28/11 B.p 4676 68 06530
JON. BYONG JE
THE IMPACT OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT UPON THE
ATTITÜDE STRUCTURE OF A PRISONER (PH D 1972
INDIANA UNIVERSITY) 172p 33/Ob A, p 3037
72-30417
JONAH. CHARLES DOW
PHOTOLYSIS MAPfING REVISITED (PHD 1970
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY) 65p 31/06B. p 3305
70 23444
JONAH, DAVID WOODLEY
COHOMOLOGY OF COALGEBRAS (PHD 1967 BROWN
UNIVERSITY) 1 13p 2808 B,p 3380 68-01472
JONAH, FREDERICK CHAPMAN
THE GREEN S MATRIX ANÜ EXPANSION f*TROBLEM
FOR SYSTEMS OF INTEGRO DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS (PHD 1930 BROWN UNIVERSITY)
S0024,
JONAH, H. F S.
CONGRUENCES CONNECTED WITH THE SOLUTION OF
A CERTAIN DIOPHANTINE EOUATION (PHD 1941
PURDUE UNIVERSITY) 60p W1941 p 34
JONAH, JAMES OMOTAYO CHRISTIAN
REGIONAL PEACEKEEPING AND PEACF MAKING-THE
AFRICAN MODEL (PHD 1967 MASSACHUSETTS
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY) X1967, p 224
JONAH. MARGARET MARTIN
THE LIPIDS OF MEMBRANÜUS CELL ORGANELLES OF
THE CILIATE, TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS (PH D
1971 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY) 135p 3203-
B p 1415 71-23600
JONAH, MAXWELL VICTOR \
AN ANALYTICALLY MÜDIFIED ANALOGUE SOLUTION
FOR AERIAL TRIANGULATION AND BLOCK
ADJUSTMENT (PHD 1964 THE OHIO STATE
UNIVERSITY) 312p 25/08, p 4643
JONAITIS. STANLEY
JEAN MAUCLERE AND LITHUANIA
UNIVERSITY OF MiCHIGAr.') 252p
65-01 191
(PH D 1958 THE
19 06. p 1383
58-07735
I
JONAK, JAMES P\
ALKYLATION OFiSOME 2 SUBSTITUTED 4-
HYDROXYPYRIMIDINES (PHD 1968 STATE
UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO) 1 14p
29/02 B, p 504 68-1 1524
JONAS, ANA MASIUUS
PHYSICOCHEMICAL^TUDIES ON THE TERTIARY ,
STRUCTURE OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (PHD •
1970 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA
CHAMPAIGN) 123p 31/09B. p 5160 71-05140
JONAS, ANNA ISABEL
THE GEOLOGY OF THE AVONDALE DISTRICT, A KEY
TO THE RELATIONS OF THE WISSAHICKON MICA
GNEISS AND THE SHENANDOAH LIMESTONE OF THE
PIEDMONT OF PENNSYLVANIA (PH D 1912 BRYN
MAWR COLLEGE) S0025,
JONAS. ARTHUR EDWARD
PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF THE
TETRAFLUORO AND TETRAMETHYL COMPOUNDS OF
THE GROUP IV ELEMENTS (PH D 1971 THE
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE) 129p 32 1 1-B, p 6275
72- 1 5532
JONAS. ARTHUR HERBERT
A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CERTAIN
BEHAVIORS OF CHILDREN TO EMOTIONAL NEEDS.
VALUES, AND THINKING (ED D 1960 NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY) 285p 21 10, p 3018 '61-00371
JONAS. EDWARD CHARLES
THE REVERSIBLE DEHYDROXYLIZATION OF THREE
LAYER CLAY MINERALS (PHD 1954 UNIVERSITY OF
ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN) 69p
15 01 p 106 00-10496
JONAS. FRANK H
THE NATURE OF THE POLITICAL PARTY IN THE
MODERN STATE (PH D 1 938 UNIVERSITY OF
WASHINGTON) W1938, p 83
JONAS, FRANKLIN L
THE EARLY LIFE AND CAREER OF B CHARNEY
VLADECK, 1886 1921 THE EMERGENCE OF AN
IMMIGRANT SPOKESMAN (PHD 1972 NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY) 246p 33/02 A. p 6980 72-21513
JONAS HERBERT
SOME EFFECTS OF VERY HIGH RADIO FREQUENCY
IRRADIATIONS ON THE GERMINATIÜN AND
METABOLISM OF CERTAIN SMALL SEEDS (PHD 1950
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. BERKELEY) 165p
W1950, p 95
JONAS, ILSEDORE B
THOMAS MANN AND ITALY (PHD 1967 UNIVERSITY
OF PITTSBURGH) 357p 28 12A, p 5057 68-07844
JONAS, JOHANNES BENONI EDUARD
THE POEMS OF HEINRICH TEICHNER (PHD 1897
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO) S0330, p 48
JONAS, LEAH
THE DIVINE SCIENCE THE AESTHETIC OF SOME
REPRESENTATIVE SEVENTFENTH CENTURY ENGIISH
POETS (PHD 1941 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY) 292p
W1941 p 117
JONAS, LEONARD ABRAHAM
GAS ADSORPTION KINETICS (PHD 1970 UNIVERSITY
OF MARYLAND) 190p 31/11 B,p 6537 71 13178
T VII WPOiNf \'il*\ 1941 A
19')9 HARVARD UNIVERSITY)
JONAS MANIRIÜ
IUI ISr)| AIIONIS
ANA! YSIS (PH ü
X 1'>S'I, p 100
JONAS MAURICE
LHDMANiSMf Ol MAR T IN DU f.AMO DANS I ES
THIhAUl r (IMINCJI lEXf) (PH 0 1963 THE
UNIVIRSITY or MICHK.AN) J18p
'"^WA^
26/06
JONAS PAUL
A chinrjut
Cf NIRAl I Y
p 3340
64 06699
67 05824
747
72-05116
Of SOVIFTOlOf.Y THE THfORYOF A
PI ANN! Ü ECONOMIC SYSTEM (PHD
1966 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY» 166p 27/11
A p 1','il
JONAS ROBERT JAMES
ECOl OGY AND MANAGI MI NT OF MF RMIAM S
rUMKEY IN THE l ONG PiNfS SOU THE ASTERN
MONTANA (PHD 1964 MONTANA ST A TF
UNIVFRSITY) 129p 2//12Bp4199 66 00589
JONAS, RONALD WILLIAM
TRANSLATION OF PROGRAMMING I ANGUAGES
(PH ü 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUGTlN)
112p 3004 6 p 1790 ß9 15890
JONAS. RUSSELL E.
THE PROSPECTIVE TEACHER S GRASP OF HIGH
SCHOOl CONTENT IN HIS PROBABLE f lELDS OF
INSTRUCTION (PHD 1937 THf UNIVERSITY OF
IOWA) W1937 p 66
JONAS, THOMAS JOHN
THE WORDS SYSTEM A COMPUTF R ASSiSTFD
CONTENT ANAL YSIS OF CHAIM Ä^ RFLMAN S NEW
RHETORIC (PHD 19 7 1 BOWLl/T, GREEN STATE
UNIVERSITY) 222p 3208 A, /
JONAS. VIOLET /
STUDY OF HINDERED ROTATJDN IN AMIDE5
THIOAMIDES. AND AMIDlNIlfM lONS BY NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (PHD 1970
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE) 253p
32/02 B. p 830 71 20241
JONASON. JONAS C
THE lARGE UNITS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN
ALBERTA (PHD 195 1 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON)
134p W1951, p 186
JONASON. KIM ROGER
ALTERATIONS IN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR FOLLOWING
SEPTAL AND AMYGDALOID LESIONS IN THE RAT
(PH D 1970 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY) 86p
32/01 B. p 588 71-18030
JONASSEN, CHRISTEN T.
THE NORWEGIANS IN BAY RIDGE A SOCIOLOGICAL
STUDY OF AN ETHNIC GROUP A STUDY OF THE
CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE NORWFGIAN GROUP IN
BROOKLYN AS IT AFFECTS THEIR BEHAVIOR AND
THE CHARACTER OF THE COMMUNITY THEY
CREATED THERE (PHD 1947 NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY) 673p 08 02, p 153 00-00977
JONASSEN, FINN
A STUDY OF PROPELLER TURBINE BLADING (PH D
1942 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. BERKELEY)
W1942 p 25
JONASSEN. HANS B.
THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
CONTAINING ORGANIC MOLECULES (PHD 1946
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANACHAMPAIGN)
34p W1946 p 9
JONASSON. JONAS A.
THE RIEL REBELLIONS (PHD 1934 STANFORD
UNIVFRSITY) W1934, p 73
JONASSON. OLOF
AGRICULTURAL REGIONS OF EUROPE (PHD 1926
CLARK UNIVERSITY) 50p L1926 p 67
JONATOWSKI, JOHN J.
INELASTIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIMENSlONAL
STIFFENED AND UNSTIFFENED SUSPENSION
STRUCTURES (PH D 1969 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY)
124p 3104B p 1946 70-19283
JONATOWSKI. JOHN JAMES
INELASTIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIMENSlONAL
STIFFENED AND UNSTIFFENED SUSPENSION
STRUCTURES (PHD 1970 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY)
X1970, p 157
JONCICH. GERALDINE M.
SCIENCE. PSYCHOLOGY. AND EDUCATION AN
INTERPRETIVE STUDY OF EDWARD L THORNDIKE S
PLACE IN THE SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT IN AMERICAN
EDUCATION (PHD 196 1 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY)
X1961 p 71
JONCICH, MICHEAL J
THE REACTION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ON
SUBMERGED PLATINUM ELECTRODE CATALYSTS
(PH D 1953 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN)
W1953, p 40
JONDAHL, THOR PRESTON
SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL RING CLOSURE OF 1 AND
3 ALKYL 1,3,5 HEXATRIENES (PHD 1971 NORTHERN
ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY) 152p 33/02 B, p 633
72-22790
JONES. A
A PLAN FOR THE REORGANIZATION OF RURAL
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION IN MISSOURI (PHD 1916
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA)
S0133, p 131
JONES, A E. NYEMA
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN
LATERITES AND LATERITIC SOILS (PHD 1963
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO) X1963. p 106
JONES, AARON E
THE CONTROL AND ADMINISTRATION OF
SCHOLARSHIPS AND FEILOWSHIPS IN UNIVERSITIES
OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES
(PH D 1939 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. BERKELEY)
W1939 p 69
JONES ADALAIDE REBECCA
RELATION OF THE MANUSCRIPTS B P R OF
PETRÜNIUS (PH D 192 7 UNIVERSITY OF
PITTSBURGH) S0178
JONES, ADALINE DOROTHY SEITZ
A SURVEY TO DETERMINE THE KNOWLEDGES AND
SKILLS NEEDED BY Cl ERICAl WORKERS IN FIRST
LEVEL ENTRY OCCUPATIONS IN DIGITAL COMPUTER
INSTALLATIONS (VOLUMES l AND II) (PH D 1964 THE
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY) 733p 25 09, p 4989
65 03871
JONES. ADAM LEROY
EARLY AMERICAN PHILOSOPHERS (PHD 1898
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY) 81p S0054 p 11
i'!
fl
li:
( .
COMPREHENSIVE DISSERTATION INDEX 18611972
261
mmm
^i^Pii^
«««p
wmvii
iirnir ^1 ii ft 111111
u
VAD-VASHEiVl
r.O.IJ. 81 «rcruMulojn, iNrud
Marlyru* an<l Ileror«'
MeunorliU Autliority
DAF-ED
For' Ui© r«NKlHtration of th©
vlrtlm» of Ihn cllNfistrr.
I !
[Kt'ßislr. No Dltt^m .DQ
•Surname
Photo
JONAS
nno^m du; .1
First name
QiiRTRÜD (Trude)
^üiDiT ovn »2
Name of Father
Helmann Jonac (1852*1915)
Mn üv 3
. ■■ ■ — ■ - ^ ^ ^^
Name of Mother
Marcaretha (Conltzer) Jonas (l860«>1939)
DKH du; ^
Date of birth
1953 r-^tt^n D12^1 T*
,Diroi m noöi i^oic^ /"»ni.Tn Dyri
,v")nj72*» -»xKin TiKa niai ion>3
J''^lün Vl^K T^*» 132 'DTD D^i?inn IDD)
(28.8.1953)
TheMarfyrs' and Heroes' Remem-
e(Yod Vashem) Law, 5713-
dctermines in Art. No. 2 that
lic tark of Yod Va-Shcm [3 to
palhcr in to tho liomrlnT^id material
rop:ar(l)ng all tlio.se membcrs of
the Jowi.'^h pcoplo who laid dovv'n
Iheir llvcs, wlio foupht and re-
bellc:d ai?ain.st the Nazi enemy
and'hiä collaborators, and to uer-
potuate thcir meniory and that of
tJio comnumitiefl. or^anization.s anc'
institutir-ns vhich were dcstroycd
tcrau.«o they wcro Jewi.-h.
.22.0ctob#r_l88i
m^bT] inKn .5
Place and country of birth
West
Bromberg^ Prov^ Pl>usBla»hen Germany
nT^n pKI DIpÖ .6
Permanent rcsidence
Occupation
Bromberg^ Frankfurt/Oder, Berlin, Paris
5i3pn Dni:i?Dn Dipö .7
millinery
^):ip::in s
Nationality before German occupation
Places of rcsldencc (ktnng the war
•»xxan unaDH ^jd^ mrn^n s
nön'^ön Dnu^n ni;^^.?^ .10
Abaazia, Italy, until dep^ to roiand(V) :^y/Jmie 194^
Place, date and circumstance.s of death
unktKwn, 194^^,.,
ni2'>Dni prn /m;2n D^p/'s .11
Family Status: Bachelor/Married/Number of children ViTTK IDDÖ / "»lirrj / pn "»nnDU^Ö yiy^^ ,12
Single
Name of wife and maiden nanuVAge
.-ib^a / rKiB'in ^jDb nnnsDö du;i n;:;Kn du; .13
Name of Husband/Age
i^'^Ji / ^i^nn du;
Place and dale of death
(
b^rPi
Age
•)dd:\:; i8 '?'>:i ly D'»^'?^'^ rri^ju; .14
Names of dooeased chil.!rf n iip to the age of 18
(over the age of 18 fill ci:t another fonr»)
Note: Chil.lrrn \\\\\v\ be registercd on the form .. _ l i t •
of ono of tho parentM only. '^"^ ^^''"^^ ^^^' ^ 1^ «^niHH IHK ^U; "7yn-r|T,:3 DV:;-)V V;*» On^T DX : Hl $7.1
f ■<■ ■ ■! ■ ■
l. the imder.^^igned. JP^P. H9^.ry..Richte^^^ '»JK
i^c.-id-jit nt (füll nddrr^'K) .l'i^GEast Park Place, Ann Arbor,. Michigan 4810.4.,..USA.(.^><^^ '^^in::) 3 i:;n
y 'ivo/AXjcxiKixötxof ..Srtru4_. Jonas, firat couain of my-^iaathorc Vu.' h/id;: n/anp
1{ i.!.y (l''<l,',i« ihat 1h<" 'IrtrHIs of niy t c'^l inic.ny ar«» Iruo
aiKl («Mtfit iP^'^e b<'sl of#mv kDow^^fty»» and b<liof.
Surnatv»«'
PI
Si;CnMture iif Offid- Clrik
are and dale.Afin ArbOP, Mi ch . , 7^29«»7C T^^^l D1?Ö
npiDH n»:\nn
1^
r
I
#
4
yy
Obering. Jiilius JONAS
Stampfenbachetr, 151
ü r 1 c h (Schweiz)
Zürich, 20. Oktober 1943
Herrn John Henry Richter
c/o Lubinski
Heathview, Fiat 5
Grordon House Road
r
Lieber Neffe Hi
Dein BrieA^jÄnTSöT-Kugust hat nach englischer und
deutscher Kontrolle e>^* kürzlich den Bestimmungsort Zürich
erreicht. Deine Sorgen OJ^ Fragen sind sehr begreiflich,
aber ich bin schon seit lÄtep ohne jegliche Nachricht aus
Berlin und kann leider mchtlN^en, wie es Deinen Ib. Eltern
geht. Ich Labe vor einigen TagenSineut nach Berlin geschrie-
ben und werde Dir, sobald ich Antwort erhalte, umgehend
Nachricht zugehen lassen. Ich hoffe, dass Deine Ib. Eltern
wohlauf sind und dass Ihr Euch nach dem Kriege wohlbehalten
wiederfinden werdet. Mir und den Meinen geht es den Umstän-
den nach gut und wir können von Glück sagen, dass uns s.Zeit
das Schicksal in die Schweiz verschlagen hat, die uns zur
zweiten Heimat geworden ist.
In der Hoffiiung, Dich später persönlich kennen
zu lernen, wünschen wir Dir lind den Deinen alles Gute.
Sei herzlich gsgrüsst von Deinem
■i
b
r
/
•ifl.««^«^*'
J^
f
»'»—-—rnttnk
Margot Jonas
Seefeldstrasse 32
8008 Zürich
Zürich, den 15* August 1971.
Mein lieber, guter, geduldiger Cousin John Henry,
c
f «
Seit ein paar Wochen liegt Dein so lieber, hochinteressan-
ter und überaus fleissiger Brief vom 26« Juli, für den ich Dir
allerherzlichst danken möchte, als WICHTIGSTE PENDENZ neben
meinem Schreibklavier. Ich hatte sehr grosse Freude darüber
und wollte Dir auch unverzüglich darauf antworten. Aber wie es
einem so geht: In Gedanken sendet man Dutzende von Briefen
ab, aber es braucht immer eine Ueberwindung (bei mir nur immer
aus Gründen der Zeitnotl), bis man sich dann endlich so weit
diszipliniert hat, dass man sein Vorhaben IN DIE TAT UMSETZT.
Was mich an Deinen Zeilen so unendlich gefreut und auch
erleichtert hat, ist, dass ich bei Dir sehe, dass Du mir in
vielem nachfühlen kannst und ja eben über unsere Familie doch
relativ gut im Bilde bist. Es beglückt mich, dass Du zu den
Menschen gehörst, von denen man sagen kann, dass sie "Herz und
Verstand auf dem richtigen Fleck haben". Dazu hast Du eine
ganz ausgezeichnete Einfühlungsgabe, was ich aus allen Deinen
lieben und teilnehmenden Zeilen ersah. Natürlich wäre
es ganz ideal gewesen, wir beide hätten uns einmal zusammen
setzen und während Stunden alles in Ruhe besprechen und dis-
kutieren können, denn tatsächlich ist eine Korrespondenz über
teils "heikle" Probleme sehr schwierig, und um sie wirklich
gründlich zu besprechen bezw. schriftlich darzulegen, müsste
man Broschüren, wenn nicht ganze Bücher schreiben. Wie
schöne wäre es deshalb einmal gewesen, wenn wir uns persönlich
getroffen und dann eben gründlich ausgesprochen hätten. Du
würdest staunen, wie schwer das ganze Familienschicksal und
ganz ganz ganz im besondern das meinige war. - Ich war in
sämtlichen Schulen und an sämtlichen beruflichen Stellen immer
bei den Höchstqualifizierten oder Erstprämierten mit aller-
besten Schul- und Berufs Zeugnissen - aber trotzdem schlug
ein unfasslich grausames Schicksal in mehrfacher Hinsicht un-
unterbrochen auf mich ein. In den berüchtigten Weltwirtschafts-
krisenzeiten (dreissiger Jahre) wurde ih - wie alle andern
Menschen auch - bis aufs Blut mit meiner Tüchtigkeit für Hunde-
löhne ausgenützt. Beim Stellenwechsel kam ich vom Regen in
die Traufe - und Auswahl gab es ja nicht, weil KEINE STELLEN
VORHANDEN (viel zu viele Stellensuchendel ) . Im Jahre I938
trat ich in die Dachorganisation der hiesigen HOCHFINANZ ein,
die durch und durch bereits "NAZI** war und bereits hier in
der Schweiz den "Arierparagraphen** eingeführt hatte. Hätte
hier der Hitler Einzug gehalten, diese Schweine wären mit
fliegenden Fahnen dem Schwerverbrecher entgegengeeilt, denn
er hatte ja der skrupellosen Hochfinanz, für sie den
Kommunismus kaputt zu schlagen, also waren dieser Verbrecher-
Hochfinanz sämtliche Mordejin Hitlerdeutschland total wurscht,
ja sie wurden hier von den hiesigen Finanz-Fascisten als
"Greuelmärchen** (GENAU WIE IN DEUTSCHLAND) unter den Tisch
gewischt. Ich hätte in diese Stelle niemals eintreten
sollen und war ja noch von einem 1938 gerade dort austretenden
Nationalökonomen so etwas wie gewarnt worden, denn er hatte ja
- 2 -
c
)
ich sei Protestant coi^^ v r ^^f^^S^^ entschuldigte. Ich antwortete,
langt wü?de, würde LhLf°S^r?'°^ ''^^ ^f"" ^'^ "Arierausweis" ver-'
mich also, und ich war v^n f? k °^oT verzichten.... Man akzeptierte
Erstaualifi^?Li ^ 1°" sieben Sekretärinnen mit Abstand die
• 'i h'^U nacrLrV^L'ändeShT'' \°°^ '°"' ^^"^^^ BUNDESRAt! der
sehr nett zS mS Lwesef A?f ;;;'«H^^"'^'' "^^^^^^^ zugeteilt. Er war noch
Katastrophe an- S hJ?; i "^ ^^^'' wegging, fing für mich die
ich gS die damalL^n p!iH^'^^''^r^^''^^^' ^^^" ^^^ " ^^^^ s°hon, weil
slerte^!"nicht rein frLoh" w^f des Schwerverbrechers Hitler pol^mi-
meinste sukzessive "Heraus ekeluA.-^^^'i"''^ n"^^^ ^^^ perfideste, ge-
besten, schnellsten und ge^iLenhaftJsSen T^'^ ' '^°'^ ""'^"^ "^^^^-
zynisch KEINE GEHATT-qyimrA™ f -u ! Leistungen. Man gab mir
bekamen) etcfe?fKu^'''™J:,^^^r' schwachqualifizierte Leute solche
so gerne zu ^^nem Che^Irzt ^^ fS t-"^'' ^^'"^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^en und wäre
(diS ich soooJooo «e?ne studier? H^Jf^r? e^^angen, weil mich Medizin
ICH R??M ARTCP« o2? '",';'' ^i2S^n> WOHER DER NAME "JONAS" STAfvlME OB
SE? ^c!e c ''" '"'DiL'efKa'ff" r'^rf "'f ^/'^«^^"/^^"^^'^^^^^^T^T
kunft — .'und da sJh Jch wifsfch sein";^" "'ir' ""'''^ °^^^^^ '^^^-
wurde und sagte: er müss^ nn^h fr ^ 2 ^^^^^^^ verzog, er spitzig
rn^ 04. -1-. '='°'&^^* er müsse noch weitere Bewerberinnen nWifon
bekam ich die Stelle nicht Loh ^T^^?'' belesen war. Trotzdem
zufällig, dass Ihm dif eng;;i;;te Se^^^.v^^ ^'^ ein Jahr später rein
als Chef einfach ein hälsllfher Ker?^!? rr f^''^^^^^^^^ ^^^' ^^^1 ^^
zur grossen hiesigen ZeltJng EigentlLh'hltte ich f? .'°^ ^""^ '^41
meines Lebens, über das ich ein di^J^^'''' 'f fürchterlichste Martyrium
müsste. Meine Vor^nrerln ^l^^-^ht.^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^°^ schreiben
16 Jahren StigklJ^^in^dles^m "mnJ^^f ""g ^f?^ ^'^^ intelligent, war nach
musste zwei JaSf lang Jn^ernier^werden .fi"'"^ '"^°^' ^"^^^^^^ ^^^
KUMMER UEBER DAS UNBEicmE^BLlSS FURCOTBAr'e^LERTP^''' BEGREIFLICHEM
das nun meines werden sollte Sin oi^.f^™^^ " ^^"^ Schicksal,
sehr vor diesem MllJeuuid;m er 3o iJhA.'-^^^r ^^^'^«^ ^^^^^ '"^^h ^°«h
GEWARNT UND MIR EMPFOHLEN wJ^eS WFpynr^M^^^^.^^''^^^^ ^^^) DRINGEND
ARBEITSKRAFT VIEL ZU sÄe FI^R nvx^ JS^^' ^^" ^^^ ^^ ^^NSCH UND
Ich glaubte es eL?acf St- ?Sh war hf hh'' ?^Ü ''^^ BEVORSTEHEN WUERDE.
fähig, denn es wurden die JrrsinniStenr^^Jf.f''^'^.' """^^ "^^^^"^ leistungs-
lieh) verlanpt die nur di« ifi!^ -f ^ ^«^stungen der Welt nachweis-
ich war immef AinsLhtncf Sctoe?li^S^f;?^^"f"^^?i^''" erbringen konnten.
(Wie bei den Olympiaspie^L' • • M ^we^^n .h^""^ "Goldmedaillen-Gewinnerin"
Menschenunmögliches verlan^rwnrH^ !^ ^^"^ ""^^ ^" ^^^^^^ Stelle
noo. unter a^ae^^rel^^^K^fLr (iulla^'.^^LIL-.^l^rile'a^SrLI" ™^
ungenügend war (auch keine oprachenkenntnlsse) . Aber mit InteHlgenz
konnte sie die fehlende SohulbUdung elnlgermassen wettmachen.
- 3 -
I
lagL PeJson w.f nf ' "^T t^^ ^^""^ ^" Bösartigkeit psychopathisch veran-
fabw Jfv? ^^^'/i^ ^f" laufenden Band die irrsinnigsten Lügen täglich
kra?t fchef ^l^K-^f ? ^?''"' '^^"^^"' ^^'^ i°h als Mensch SnS Arbeits-
Lüre wa). ?h5^ ^fJ^''^?^' ^"^ ^^"^ ^^^°^ ^^ ^i^hen. Keine loo prozentige
^M zi^hL g^''^^'^ ""^^ ^^^^"' S^^^e, um mein Ansehen täglich In den D?eck
Ixesem grässnJherM^ni^''^'^ T ^"' ^^' "°^''^ ^"^ Allerschllmr^ste In
in diesSr ?Sii??f Milieu werden - , dass es EINFACH KEINE RECHTSmqTAKr7
sad?stKch^2vnisch^,1?^.^ ^r ^^^^^^^^iS^ten der Hauptchef, der es bekanntlich
wurde woSel das Sci^^^if/'"'^' T"""" ^^ ^"^"^^ Abteilung "gestritten"
trächtigen AN G R eTp%T' ^' ^^^ ^^"^ ^^^ "^^^^ ^^"^ ^^^ ^i^^er-
denn sonl^^mUsstf U"'^;','?"?;''' -J* "'""''^'' ''^'' ^"^= mUndUch schildern,
mT^ .f„ tT ?^ ,^ •'^^^^ bereits eine Broschüre bezw. ein Buch sohreiban
herunterkämen'"' ^"'V,'/ 1'' "'^'-t T "^'^^ ^*^''^" ""^"^ und nlfSehr
.'hwo?:ne1:S-;;ä-™rdf n°d1^ ?™tr„s'^du'?S^^lär! "a'Lhal^ S'S n^^^'
IZTnriTluTt'^'T''''/'^ ^" Hltferd^^L^hlaSd PEH OMroS":;:r? "
kSr?Sl^\ ^®^**'" ''"''^'■" K°i-i-espondenten, die kritisch 'iSdliit Recht
H^Ji K if*""^^?^"' ^"= Deutschland ausgewiesen wurden. ---Mit diesem
Nazi hielt nun die Nazi-Hyäne fest zusammen. Ohne Jeglichen Grund boik^t
tierte mich der Nazi-Kerl OSTENTATIV, und das Nazl-wflb (Sru^dhäss??ch '
T.r^^iifinT»iiT.i.i,Ts:zi2TJ -^-f ^"f *^ ™i=h tt^ii^f rd:rjj*4n
4-?«"j-^,?"V*-s:;r:tw's^;?^Lnk;„ni:! ''r.:r%ie^^?L^^:reS"^''
Auskunftei • Informationen über meine Familie, deren Herkunft Konfession
(-.sihew.!"!!!^'" und ^sste somit über PapL "nlchtarische« H^r^ft
Nun kamen aber noch die "Bordell"-AnÄele»enheihRn hin,,, .,.=,,
ja meine Vorgäneerln - mit viel viel Grund ™d°u?sache - verricLr^e?
weibncten-Aniltfnfei'" f'.^'^' "'^^* ™ S^^ SpltzeSe^stu^g^rde^r"'
TaiSichSiÄ!? i r*. °"f!™ "•" '*^''™ "sexuelle Bereitschaft bezw.
mSJrauchen i?J' ^f '''^''"SSten Ansinnen. Wer sich oharakterlo^
o'yirtltT'^dtrni aTe IcLrjL^eleTdurJhscSe^^^T "f *""« ""^^
weibliche Angestellte musste d^n dI?Ur b Tt i e r" h'/'"
und die Racheakte von abffewlesenpn "Rov.-.,^r," ,r^t i aussen,
dass einem die Worte fehCn^^darAbschruJLhrzrbelchr^iben^r'^"^'^""''
dermassen^ents^Lll^h "dass^'i^h !^1 S^ 'h*'"?"' "'^^ "^^" Martyrium war
werde. Es paLL^^^en'Sunde'r^eSdlr" 8ar?aiSfd:\^rL"dL^ä:;s1:^^*°™^"
vulgärsten, kriminellsten Dinge - UND ICH KONN?K mt°S S?cS «?,m™ v .
3 /'weiss'"''"" Anstrengungen und trotz vorlilgendeg SS^se -"of ^ s'^hwlrz
■d.. weiss. Ich habe hier eine Art Konzentrationslager erlebt wie
niemand sonst in der Welt in einem angeblich "geordneten Staat". Aber
ausser mir hatten noch andre Integre Menschen ZUSAMMENBRUECHE, worüber sich
aber die notorischen Teufels sich nur freuten.
- 4 -
Und wiederum aus "Rache", "Neid", "Missgunst", "UEBELSTE VER-
LEUMDUNGEN UND UNTERSTELLUNGEN" vmrde Ich als mit Abstand
Höchst- und Erstquallf izlerte Kraft, die sogar In
der ganzen Schweiz berühmt war,
absichtlich Im Monatsgehalt unterbezahlt - eine Art bewusster Sadismus.
Ich wurde x-mal gedemütigt, wie auf der ganzen Erde unter den drei
Milliarden Menschen niemals eine höchst wohlerzogene, anständige und
weit überdurchschnittlich begabte und tüchtige Kraft gedemütigt wurde.
Aber Ich konnte den Posten nicht mehr verlassen - alles aus
Geldgründen. Ich musste, um existieren zu können, an sämtlichen
Sonn- und Feiertagen oder sehr viel zu Mitternachtszelten zusätzlich
arbeiten, um wenigstens das Geld zu verdienen, das verhinderte, dass
Ich Schulden machen musstöT Stell Dir vor: Ich hatte 14 Jahre"
lang die nervenaufrelbendste Arbelt der Welt (alles NACHWEISLICH =
Meldungs aufnähme unter den schlimmsten Bedingungen bei Irrsinnigsten
Schnelligkeiten und zumeist schlechten Linien mit viel Geräuschen)
OHNE AUSSPANNTAGE. OHNE SONN- UND OHNE FEIERTAGE
und OFT IN DER MITTERNACHT
machen müssen, um existieren und meine Zahnarzt- und andern unumgäng-
lichen Verpflichtungen zahlen zu können - sonst wäre ich heute unter
dem Boden bezw. hätte ich 40 000 Fr. SCHULDEN. - Ich wollte auch
die Pensionsberechtigung nicht verlieren, welches Problem damals noch
sehr schlimm war bei einem Stellenwechsel (jetzt wird ja alles staat-
lich neugeregelt). Und meine Eltern waren damals in grosser Geld-
not etc. etc.
(
3
Du darfst mir glauben, dass ich diesen Augiasstall unbedingt
verlassen hätte, wenn nicht meine Gesamtsituation ( vor allem die
finanzielle und die Tatsache, dass ich kräftemässig total abgehundet
war) EINE GRENZENLOS MAXIMAL FURCHTBARE GEWESEN WAERE. - Dazu kam
ganz logisch, dass ich sehr vereinsamte, denn ich verlor doch sämtliche
Bekannten, WENN ICH FAST UNUNTERBROCHEN AN DER ARBEITSSTAETTE IM
DIENST WAR. - Wie begriff ich meine ARME VORGAENGERIN, die den
Verstand verloren hatte und später nur noch dahinsiechte. - Meine
drei Aerzte - im Jahre I9A7 bereltsi - fluchten über eine polizei-
widrige Ausnützung meiner Person und wollten mir die Zusatzdienste
verbieten. Alle drei prophezeiten mir ein ganz ganz böses Alter
und hatten später sooooooo recht. Ich konnte es kaum glauben, dass
alles so trostlos kommen würde.
Und meine herzlose Schwester triumphierte ob meinem Unglück.
Sie lebte damals über die Verhältnisse in Spass und Luxus (teures
Skifahren der ganzen Familie, ebenso teures Tennisspielen im Sommer)
und machte fortwährend SCHULDEN, für die ich, meine Schwägerin oder
dann zum Schluss MEIN ARMER VATER EINSPRINGEN MUSSTE» Meiner
Schwägerin und mir gab sie nach Monaten mit Ach und Krach das Geld
zurück, aber meinem Vater hat sie niemals das Geld zurückgegeben,
ihn und Mutter dafür gelegentlich bei sich in Baden in der oberen
Wohnung aufgenommen.... Und wenn ich meiner Schwester die entsetz-
lichen Uebelstände in der Firma (Schürzen Jägerei mit moralischer
Erpressung, Berufsschikane, Verleumdung, Unterstellungen etc. etc.)
mit gequältestem Herzen mitteilen oder sie um Rat fragen wollte,
gab sie mir derart gemeine, brutale, zynische , beleidigende Antworten,
dass ich verzweifelte und meinen Eltern im Tessln mein Herz aus-
schüttete, die über alle meine Nöte mit meinen egoistischen Geschwistern
- 5 -
(
(
bestens Descheid wussten. Meinen Geschwistern war mein Martyrium
llll\'l'i^'uT,\ "^"'f Schwester freute sich - weil sie mir mein Leben
lang alo Madchen immer neidisch gewesen war weil sie weniger Chancen
l^r.u ^ gehabt hatte - und meine Schwägerin (Prau von Walter) freute
Sich seinerzeit ebenso schadenfroh über mein uns^-gabares Leid. Die
Msfs?ändiri?''vi^f ""^^^r^^^S^^^ Zusammenbrüche, weil ich mir in diesen
^!;^^^^^^^^J^^f ^^J^tiv nicht zu helfen wusste - ES GAB EINFACH KEINE
RECHTS INSTANZ, genau wie in der Hitlerei (oder im Stalinstaat). Da
mussten ja auch Millionen total unschuldige Menschen zugrunde sehen
aber es waren dort KOLLEKTIVSCHICKSALE, während ich doch an meinem'posten
allein stand, auch wenn es noch andere Menschen gab, denen unbeschreib-
liches Unrecht zugefügt wurde. - Hätte ich Kapital im Rücken gehabt,
hatte ich den Augiasstall in kürzesterZeit verlassen - aber ich konnte
das ja nicht tun:
Mein Vater hatte Edith eine komplette Aussteuer geschenkt
Mein Vater hatte Walter ein riesiges Kunststudium ermöglicht
Mein Vater hatte mir als drittes Kind erklärt, er habe seine
Hauptersparnisse durch falsche Geldanlagen verloren
und könne mir keinen Rappen auf die Bank geben! I 1 ! I I
Das war mein entsetzlich grausames Schicksal, und meine egoistischen Ge-
schwister schauten hochmütig auf mich herunter. Natürlich hatten beide
in den schweren Wirtschaftskrisenjahren auch zu kämpfen - aber niemals
dermassen schlimm und demütigend wie ich. Mein Hauptunglück war
.piN GELD IM RUECKEN - sonst hätte ich mich von sänr liehen De^Itin-un^en
loskaufen können, wie andere Menschen das tun konnten. Ich war auch
viel zu sehr gesundheitlich ABGEHUNDET , um in diesem Zustand
einen neuen Posten mit neuen Anforderungen antreten zu können In
meiner irrsinnigen Tätigkeit war ich eben hochvirtuos, weil ich darauf
eingefuchst war.
Im Grunde hätte ich Ja studieren sollen, Naturwissenschaften
und Medizin, wofür ich ein Rieseninteresse hatte - neben Musik, eine
Hauptbegabung von mir.
Und dann kamen die gesundheitlichen Zusammenbrüche, vor allem
die sehr schwere Brustkrebsoperation im Juli I963 mit 1^6 Piestrahlungen
und anschliessend alle halben Jahre die TÖDLICHEN TOTALBLUTVERGIFTUNGEM
DIE MIT DER KRANKHEIT ZUSAMMENHINGEN. Achtmal hatte ich diese Total- '
Sepsis, die dann schlussendlich das Herz- und den Kreislauf böse schädigten
und die plötzlich schwer kranke Wirbelsäule mit irrsinnigen Schmerzen.
Aber selbst in diesen äusserst schweren Krankheitszeiten wurde ich an
der Arbeitsstätte KRIMINELL UND loo prozentig LUEGENHAPT VERLEUMDET, wurden
mir gemeinste und total erfundene Unterstellungen gemacht, um die Teil-
nahme der Geschäftsleitung an meinem Unglück zu vereiteln Es gelane;
zunächst, doch dann fing ich als Totkranke noch an zu kämpfen und drohte
mit dem obersten Landesgericht, sofern diese infamen Lügen nicht unter-
sucht wurden. ....... Schlussendlich siegte ich, aber totkrank
und vollinvalid geworden. Die Firma war dann äusserst nett und gerecht
zu mir. ^^ Ich bekam ein aussergewöhnlich schönes Zeugnis, bekam einen
Nachruf in der Zeitung etc. etc. Einiges wurde wieder gutgemacht.
Aber all das entsetzlich Erlebte - während 26 Jahren in der
Zeitung - "hat sich nicht in die Kleider gesetzt", wie man so sagt,
und jetzt habe ich oft sehr schwere Depressionen und Verzweiflungs zu-
stände, weil man ja als kranker und armer Mensch nichts mehr in der
hiesigen Gesellschaft zu suchen hat.
- 6 -
•7
(
Vertreter - qphr> nr-im^i-i, C ^ ^^^® einen kleinen Seidenband-
ZTZLt ZTÄliTolli !''nLhde."si"v"'H ■^-i-r'---). P^ank
ffehört haffpn 7^^ i ^ nachdem sie vorher zu den armen BUrpern
reichsten Tl^f//^ den Kopf gestiegen, und sie leben wirklich wie die
---:?f?-«-ur- ^Ts.n.1^3^ ^^/^^ z^^
Wäre loh heutlno^h inL ■ J^?;^^J»'t'Jl*eeber genau kannten und vwssten.
b£^^^"°:MTA>::': ""llrjZ'l^l' sllT ^^M^kelten ein
eine „aS?:u^^:ra\rs^„rej: Li??i/S™Jio'£^^Srä„^^"[;jsf?2ts
Probleme, weil alle Männer im Kriep: oder Dlen^ ^ ,,^h ^> (Heirats-
TflD- iin^ ^T-^/-.^^•l- ^ ivx xc^ ouer uienst,,,) und eben: ich war
Tag und Nacht sozusagen an der Arbeitsstätte für Hundelöhne.
Entschuldige bitte bitte,
schrieben habe, aber ich fühlte
verstehst. '
wenn ich jetzt so viel von mir ge-
dass ich es tun musste, damit Du mich
• f
Mit grösstem Interesse las ich Deine Ausführungen über u-n^^r^^
Verwandten in verschiedener Richtung, ja, da hat sich vieles abgespielt
Tragisches und Sonderbares. Tatsächlich war bei den JONASSKM S?n?o:!i '
de°r'?:terl?n:s\ar^ "'" 'r^' ^^^ ^^^ -ine^'ut?Sr^off sfgt:rwfr
der Vater meines Vaters ein harter, herrischer, egoistischer Men-oh
und da haben sich eventuelle Züge vererbt, die bef meSen GeschSistU
;Hi?H^^^1^f ^^^^^ "'^^^^^ ^^^^^^ - ^^°h Wieder zum Vorschein kamen
w^ii^^-Tn^^i^r ^^''^ ^^ ^^"^ HOCHINTELLIGENT und HOCHB^SabT - beJde
Sd verehr?fsir""''^"r"^.''^%'^^ ^'^"'^ ^^"^ Geschwister her^ll^h
LLphi T -.J S C H E Menschen sind, nur auf ihr eigenes Wohl
vttlf^' V, •^^i'^r ''^'' "'^^^ ^°^^^ ^°^ '"i^ hochverehrter Snd geUebter
hätte sp?n So?f 'T"" ^°' .^"^^ ^^ ^^ '"^^ ^^ ^-^^ ^llem zu meiner Mut ?er
iy^H?- S u ^°^^^^' ^«^'^ "leine Mutter litt unsagbar an der oft unver-
M?r hatte meirVa?2/°^ ?'"'" eigensinnigen Wefensart meines Va?ers.
besten - mit ?Jdh^^f^r"''"^''' ?^^^ ^"^ ^^^^^ ^i^^^^h den Nächsi-
oesren mit Geld - heiratete..... Also war ich eine "BlindP-äncrpr-in"
Aber ich war eben anspruchsvoll hinsichtlich Menschlichkeit eines Sa^nes
iände? d?! ?'°\' T'' ^'^^' ^^^ "^^^^^ li^b^t-^ Freunde waren Aus- '
lander, die durch den zweiten Weltkrieg in alle Winde getragen wurden....
zutodP^ni^^ Mutter verehrte und liebte meinen Vater, oft aber war sie
••Au?a?kl^t" LVh2^'^'^^ Teilnahmolsigkeit betrübt. Er war ein
aurarRist = Selbstversorger in seinem p-anvpn RpH-^f-nc t?^ u •• \.
den schönen Jugendbildnissen meiner Muttefna;h,":bera;f die wJrkllch"^^"'
kranke und sehr leidende Mutter nahm er in den letzLn Jahren vor ihrem
Tode keineswegs die angebrachte Rücksicht. — Sonst wäre er h^ff!
niemals g:izif''''Ib '^^''^l'^ ^ütig und freigebif geweL'n de^in^^'^Lr
von ^? f '^^S. Aber die letzten Jahre meiner Eltern waren voll
von allergrosster finanzieller Not, wie kaum ein Arbeiter in Not sein
konnte - alles ein grausames Schicksal summa summarum.
- 7 -
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Kopf Kan? sohwlnri»lT^ -ohriebst, manohmal wird mir Im
Lehrer 2Q Jahr-P «Vm f "^ f ^^^^^ ^^^ Journalist, wrher
kennen gelernt dlT^l Jj von Connitzer in La Paz, Bolivien)
kehrtet ?^A.S ^ wiederum mit den Basler Verwandten ver-
S Paz : mifztwH.f ^^°\^^^^ ^i^'"^! " vor seiner Reise nach
4^00 R«.!i w H ^^^^^j;. Letten, die an der Pilgerstrasse 31 in
R?o?oo.fn • "^""r* ^^® Tochter von Käte Connitzer hat einen
Biologen, einen Prof. Bereer P-Ph<=ir.af-ot-. ^ti^ ,, Z «J-aen
Sie scheinen nr^nh ,r-iln 7. ' f^^^^tet; alle wohnen zusammen.
87 l^hr^?i^ ^, S ^J^le..V^^^^"^t^ überall zu haben, denn die
Ö7 jahrige, noch sehr rüstige Greisin (die mir Ferade wieder
eine Ansichtskarte aus Engelberg schrieb) schrefb^mlr fortwährend
von Einladungen und Besuchen - ein Wunder. Halt ich muss
"^^"^ FRAU KAETE C 0 H N B K R 0 (geborene Conitzer)?
qoHw ^ Was nun die Familie Britz anbetrifft, so schien meine
mS ldi?h ?f "i.r' ^S.^g^^'r^" ^^ ^^^"' "^^ tatsächlich hatte
GEWESEN r Sa ttPn?.?? ''''"^ ^^^^ gesagt, ALLE SEIEN IN BADEN
GhWEoEN (hatten Edith sogar eine Krokodiltasche miteebrachtl
m:r:?ch1a4'hSt?e JI;^^-^"..-it 1-g- Nasen ausgefe^'e'^ da^
man sich fast hatte schämen müssen Noch vor 7wp1
Jahren fragte ich Edith einmal nach den "Britz" SndS^P^^^.t-.
rI??™' '.•• "'? Schlauheit habe er sSn Geld nich Mexico^'"'"
^n fn M^x?.'o ^T"" Ki^t^^f^b^i^^-^nt oder so ähnlich) und lebe
Lonf^ tI? ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^'"^" ^°^^ S^t- Es seien zwar primitive
Leute. Ich sah nur, dass Edith eine richtige Korresoondenz-
mappe mit unseren Verwandten in Amerika führte, auch ?arb!
Photographien etc. etc. - aber sie liess mich nicht in die Mappe
aU.T^uT^ '"'f T"" ^^^i^denklich stimmte. Nun, ich lasse
?Ja,!rir?^? '''' unternehme nichts mehr in diesen'pragen.
ve?schfa'en T.n^.T h^'^ "'^^ Schwester habe, die fSchLchlau,
Schwesief sehr^?iPhlof 1 ^S^^^^^risch und zu mir als kranker '
ücnwester sehr lieblos ist - auch wenn sie mich im Tahr-
einmal zu einem tollen Essen einlädt und dann d Je liebe ,.ute
goldige Schwester spielt. Diese Liebe ist nich? echt Und '
vahrend sie mir früher alle zwei Wochen einmal tel. anrief
?n^tf'' ^ f 'f l"-^"-' ^°"^^^ l^^S ^i°hts mehr von ihr? ^r
sollte ich sterben, wäre sie wohldie erste, die dann in meinen
?rof ?lof ^^lefüh? "'\'^':; V^"^ ^^^^^ unerträglich
trostloses Gefühl. Deshalb muss ich meine Sachen letzt alle
m Ordnung bringen lassen. Viel wäre beileibe nISht zu holen.
Mein Bruder Walter hat beruf 11 oh - vr^■P ^ii ^ry. rr.^^ ^i -r ^
in Deutschland - grossen Erfol^DL ganzrSeU^prLht Jl'Seser
irZeTlT'^'^T''' ^f i^^-S. - Mit Roy zer3?ri?f er^Sich! Sobei
zu oagen ist, dass wohl BEIDE grosse Fehler machten. Aber Roy ist
Walter wr^-f h'^"'.'"''""^^""' ^^^ ^^^^^ Schwester. And;rseiL wL
ipin^n ^^^,7°°^..^!^^ egozentrisch, aber Roy konnte viel von Walter
lernen. Nur nutzte Walter Roy auch wiederum aus.
Was Papas Kriegsdienst betrifft, so war meine Mutter wirklich
m allergrosste Not geraten. Wir wären im Elsass BEINAHE VERHUNGERT
wenn nicht I918 der Krieg zu Ende gegargen wäre. Die andern Badener '
deutschen Ingenieure litten keine Not. Mein Vater war der einzigste
• «
r
r
JOHN HENRY 8ICHTEH • 1456 Eaat Park Pl„.. ANN AMOR. MICHIGAM Ml«. U S A
J, ' ■ " '* ^^^ f^Ä^'i-^^" n.r^ ,:^r r^i^^^^^^rj xfi'^i' -itf^-» -^^n•'T -;^
Meine liebe Cousine K^rgot: 00kA<f ^ri. • . c.::.
h U-71
.Tl.
lrl--!«n<,;,^« Ai-iZ ^. ^•^^^^ °*^ ^ir sexn, und von den tausend kleinen und
"««iär.,1«?^^'"^*" Mn„.,- una dann lae«t »i=h .l.ll.lcht etwL" "r-
•".-V
»« -^ r
■ Wa» Du mir ueber Dein, Schwester aohreibst , ist natuerlich v.rtraul'ch ,,^/t
od^rT ''^•"^■""«»J """• " «"- un«o.slich 'erschien m" das ll^Sc^t ^iin
g*;«en .u se'in iJ.TT "'S'"" '"* ^'^''^^ u.b.rspannt 3U «iS, öder
fb:ra:s%"e?:e";n"i:%'s:hrune::i:s^::;° "SarhätM:!;""'^^"' ^•'''" """-
ha??rundi^,"":n Kriege ?:,r5en'~Ueb^:rl'f ^'"«^^r'"!- ^»^ '^h.at.rtalent
xen^Druder ist er nie hinweggekommen, wasman verstehen kann E« ist Ah«n u,«v^!
dass es viel schwerer ist, ^itler ueberlebt 7,, ha>,In »i- • o r ^'^»
sein -n-xer ueoerieDt zu haben als sein Opfer gewesen zu
raten^ihr^n'" ■*'^''"=='» ■>:•>» 1=» "ic" (nur elie alt.) und ich wucrde auch nicht
«f-r c^siisji • j-"/" =«-^0 -^ w"i?om;=iiL"n • :h'?; ^rL::^ ae:r
Uebo -riefe achreir üebri^f '»"•"«^■•f "t '" reizendes -aedel die iir s^hr
d-r^itc-f iS lr?-Y^^^^^^^^^
Buer^er war 'L!^^),^^^r auch anders ttewesen sein: Wenn er 191'. nicht sehen ächweizel
und^^Lt:^icr:o^J?r:n:„^L="c"ht^::rL1r'frr4•'•:L'h'l":?«srd^ir'«Jr"■•
::un^^rwcrd:^r-' ''- '^'''-" '--'' - r,,..^^J^r^in z^^^-
r
• :• r' !
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Du wirst es gevftss verstehen, wenn ich zu den Einzelheiten, die Du mir lieber-
weioe ueber die Haltung «einer -ichwester ochriebst, nicht Stellung nehme; dass
sie sich offensichtlich schaebig benommen hat (auch heute noch) steht ohne Frage
fest, doch wuerde Dir meine oyopatie ja auch nicht viel helfen. Ich bin mit
Edith nicht grade intim befreundet, wir schreiben uns zur Jahreswende, und dabei
ist es eben geblieben. Das laesst eich ja auch verstehen, denn rnnsere Ver-
wandtnchaft ist fast mehr Legende als Tatsache, obwohl natuerlich die Jonasse
mir hoechst bekannt sind (meine i'*utter wuchs mit den Kindern von üeimann und
'argarete in Broraberg auf-d.h., waehrend sie dort zur Schule gin^. In Bromberg
wohnte auch ^rete Jonas' Mutter (meine UrETossnutter), Eva Conitzer, deren Schwes-
ter Henriette Deine ^rossautter war. Sie war die huebscheste der Cohn iJchwestern
vdie aelteren waren haesslich wie die tuende) und starb sehr jung.
i.T
L '
-^ch sagte dass die Jonassex scheinbar alle -eberempfindliche Nerven haben,
«erhard ^ritz, der Bruder von Ernst und zweite ^John ^einer l'ante Hosa Britz,
ürar scheinbar auch ein sehr "feinfuehliger" *'*ensch, der. nach dem Tode seiner
Kutter (1953 - ich traf sie in Berlin kurz vorher) einen ^Vrvenzusa rr.enbruch
hatte, vondem er sichscheinbar nie erholte. Fritz Jonas (in New York) ist auch
ein komischer Kauz. Also verrueckt ist keiner, aber ueberspannung der Nerven KKk-
scheint mehr als sonst wo vorgekomiaen zu sein. Was uebrigens oft zum Genie fuehrt
und daher durchaus annehmbar ist. '^an muss blos wissen, wie diese gtten Leutchen
auf ploetzliche ^'achrichten (besonders auf schlechte) reagieren.
_ 1 u ' * ' 1 ' ' f , .<^- • • ■*• . »4 ' "1 ' th '
.Egoismus isf'daa Band das die Familie trennt',' und das hat man uebrigens
besonders vog Deinen Vater in Berlin behauptet - was wohl auch etwas auf ^etd
hinweist, denn er hat zumindest seinen Schwestern mehrmals geholfen (Clara hatte
sich ungluecklich verheiratet) - es hiess aber immer, Julius wollte von seinen i
erwandten nichts wissen. Da weisst Du jan nun besser Bescheid, und ich uebrigensj
auch, denn er hat sich verschiedentlich meinen Eltern gegenueber hoechst hilf-
reich erwiesen (es handelte sich nicht um ^nterstuetzung, sondern Auswanderungs-
hilfe: er war äxs der auslaendische Briefkasten den wir dringend brauchten).
Die -^ache ist naemlich so, dass die Bromberger Jonasoe sich immer dachten,
"Onkel Julius" schwimmt im Seichtum, wollte aber nicht herausruecken. So ent-
stehen also dumme Vorurteile die die ^amiliengschichte und die Verwandtschaft
versauern: meine i'iutter hatte zwei Tanten von ihres Vaters Seite, die in Berlin
(keine zehn 'Jtrassenecken von uns wohnten. In Dreissig Jahren hat meine Mutter
sie auch nicht einmal angerufen, geschweige denn besucht. Warum? 3 e var ue :-Br-
zeugt, dass die alten Damen 50 Jahre vorher meine« ^rossvater's Erbteil ikx
seiner Tochter vorenthielten (er starb k Monate nach meiner Hutter ^eburt).
War es wahr? i^atuerlich nicht, denn als die ihnen gemeinsame Mutter starb,
hatten die (da als noch lebenden)Kindor)nichts zu erwarten: die alte -^rau Segall
war zwar ein Drache und ein wider iches '"'rauenzimner , aber Geld hatte sie keins.
Aber meine ::ute '^ama liess sich nicht ueborzeugen. Sehr ehhade, ich haette da
viel ueber die ^'amilie lernen koennen, denn die alten ^aaen waren lebende
•i-exika, und kannten alle ^er .andte die sein I85O gelebt haben. 25- Sic transit
gloria faailiae.
• • - •
Was Du ueber Deine wirklich tragische Lage <:chreibst, bedauere ich sehr.
Da ist nunmal eine Aussicht, dass ich (von der i'aiilie [janz zu schweigen) in
absehbar r iieit r;al nach Surrich kommen kann, mangels ^'asse (und Zeit). Unser
Otter "artin -^evy, der jetzt auch 80 ist, besuchte ^^athe ßohnberg, der ich morgen
schreiben werde (aber nichts ueber diesen ^weig der Cohn Familie^ hat wohl . uch
dith jnd Fa-ilie besucht. Er wei^s von Deiner Existenz, de-n er hat ja auch eine
Kopie des Familienstamrabaiims, hat wohl aber damals keine Zeit gehabt, flieh zu
treffen, ^r sprach grae davon, nochmals nach Europe zu segeln (ich habe ihn
im Juni besucht). Dann will ich Ihm jedenfalls i^eine "ddreöse geben, und ihm
raten, diesnals dort "vorbei"zu kommen. Er ist ein hochanstaendiger und sehr
praktischer *'ensch (blos reisen raoechte ich schon carnicht mit ihm), der ganz klei
anfing und oich als einer der Dire'ttoren einer grossen ^ksküe Ilolzfabrikanten-
resellschaft zur auhe sfetzte. Jeine Frau ist seid Jahren Antiken— Spezialistin.
r
(
(
u- * 1- .... . "3- 28. Juli 1971
Heute schreibe ich in meiner Bibliothek, weil die Maschine besser ist und ich mehr
Zeit habe. Zuhause gibt es immer was "zu tun",bxesonders wenndas Haus 50 Jahre alt
ist und im Begtiff ist, einzufallen. Einfaelle habe ich auch, da passen wir also zusammen.
Deine Stellung (Jetzt oder frueher) bei der NZZ interessiert mich "beruf lieh", denn
Journalisten sind Ja nur einige Schritte von uns Bibliothekaren, und werden im allgemein
ebenso schlecht bezahlt. Hier redet mann sich den Kopf wirr ueber Kommunismus und "lieber
tot als rot , was man aber nicht zugeben will ist dass die Revolution zum Teil schon seid
Jahren hier ist: unsere gewerkschaftlich "betreuten" Strassenkehrer und Muellwagen-
fahrer, ebenso wie die "Reinmacher" in den oeffentlichen Gebaeuden, werden besser bezahlt
als die Arbeiter des Geistes". — ' "
1 .
';:.
Mir ist nicht ganz klar, warum Du in Deiner Arbeitsstelle soviel hast leiden muessen,
da Du zwar dies erwaehntest, aber nicht den Grund. —Wie hast Du denn Kaethe Cohnberg '
kennengelernt? Kaethe ist mit mir Ja zweimal verwandt, und ich habe es immer sehr be-
dauert, nicht sie oefters besucht zu haben, als sie noch in Berlin wohnte (ich traf sie
1932, als grade ihr Vater starb). Kaethe, die in Bromberg lebte, kannte auch alle und
Jeden, und durch ihren Vater ist sie mit meiner Mutter etwas naeher verwandt als durch
ihren Ehemann Cohnberg (von dem die Verwandtschaft mit den Cohns herkommt). Sie sind alle
auf den Tafeln die ich Dir sandte, aber natuerlich nicht die Conitzers (Kaethe 's Vater
war ein Vetter meiner Grossmutter Martha Segall geb. Conitzer. Rudolf war der aelKteste
der fuenf Soehne, von denen vier ausgezeichnete Grosskaufleute wurden und einen Warenhaus-
konzern leiteten, der zuletzt (1937) 32 Haeuser in Kleinstaedten ftatte. Alles verkauft
heute aber blueht wieder einer (in Gotha). '
I-,
:.••*
Deinen lieben Vater kannte ich nur schriftlich, und es tut mir heute (etwas zu spaet)
sehr leid, das ich damals (1944) von S(DXQXeKS8 Strasbourg aus nicht meine mir zustehenden
Ferien in der Schweiz nahm (ich habe sie nie genommen). Damals haette ich Euch alle kennen
lernen koennen. Ich bedauere auch, zu hoeren, dass beide Deiner Eltern so lange
krank waren, was ich natuerlich auch nicht wusste. Das sie aber in keiner Krankvers icherur
waren verstehe ich nicht: heute kann man es sich nicht leisten, ohne Versicherung zu leben,
und vor zwanzig Jahren war das auch nicht viel weniger noetig. Dass die vaeterliche
Rente nicht ausreichte, wundert mich nicht, wohl aber dass sich scheinbar Braun, Boveri
sich nicht darueber Sorgen mahhte: die haetten sich es schon leisten koennen.
Dass Ernesto Britz (wann denn?) nach 1958 in Zuerich (Baden) war, ist mir
nicht bekannt. Nun brauchte er es mir ja nicht mitzuteilen, doch war es meines Wissens
von Buenos Aires nach Amerika (besuchsweise) gekommen, um sich mal die Wirtschaftslage
anzusehen (ihm gefiel es hier nicht). Aber das er in Europa war, ist mir neu. Ernst sieht
durchaus nicht "jüdisch" aus, und wenn dies der guten Edith nicht passt, dann laesst sich
mir ihr sowieso nicht reden. Ernst ist ja nunmal ihr rechter Vetter, der eben wegen seines
Jude-seins genug gelitten hat. Solche Haltung ist mir zuwider, besonders von jemandem
dessen Nachname Oppenheim ist. Juedischer Selbstahass? Ich weiss dass Onkel Julius
kein %ewusster Jude" war, auch nicht "jüdisch" aussah (keiner der Jonasse sieht wie
ein« "typischer" Jude aus, da es solch einen Typus nicht gibt), und dass Deine gute
Mutter katholisch war (was man in Bromberg und Berlin nicht schaetzte). Aber von diesem
Standpunkte bis zur Ablehnung seiner naechsten Verwandten, unter den uns bekannten Um-
staenden, laesst sich durch nichts entschuldigen. Vernunft hat da also nichts damit zu tun
Ich halte es fuer ganz unsinnig, anzunehmen, dass die Britz Familie "reich"
ist, denn Ernst hat unter der Argentinischen Inflation auch sehr gelitten. Es ging ihm
gut, wie man so sagte, und er ist sehr teuchtig und arbeitet sich halb zu Tode. Aber
"reich"? Unsinn. Sollte es aber dabei sein wie es wolle, man kann und darf sich da nicht
auf "Moeglichkeiten" verlassen. "Vielleicht" oder "moeglicherweise" ist kein Beweis.
Ana Ernesto zu schreiben, txH in dieser heiklen Sache, liegt mir garnicht,
und ich wuerde kx Dir sehr raten, davon Abstand zu nehmen. Es kann nur ihm peinlich
sein (herzkrank ist Ernst auch), und abgesehen davon, wuerde weder Du noch Dein Bruder
daraus etwas gewinnen. Deine Schwester kennst Du besser als ich, und"raoeglicherweise"
l V^.':.rJth'i,.i^*
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Bchrleb an Ernst im Sinne "Zurueckzahlung. " Es mag x±Kk fragwuerdig sein, ob sie
damals das Geld brauchte, ob es wirlclich ein Geschenk oder eine Anleihe war, und ob
Ernst wirklich in "himmlichen" Umstaenden lebte. Moeglich, aber wenns sogar wahr
waere, aendert sich deshalb nichts an der traurigen Lage in der Edith ihren Geschwistern
den Ruecken zufeehrt, eben aus dem von Dir wohlbeschriebenen Egoismus.
, «» **^ «. •
^.l
Im Uebrigen scheint mir auch dass vielleihht die Familite eine andere ist also die
von Ernsto: mit Holz hat der nie gehandelt, soweit ich es weiss. Was air nicht einleuchtet
ist ein Grund warum sie die "Verwandten-Addressen" verschweigen will. Ich werde ihr dem-
naechst nochmal schreiben, aber nicht erwaehnen, dass Du und ich in Verbindung sind.
Wollen wir mal sehen, was sie von sich aus sagen wii'd. Manchmal steigt der Reichtum
(besonders der geerbte, nicht so der erarbeitete) den Leuten in den Kopf: sie verkehren
mit ihren armen Verwandten nicht mehr. ' " •-
A. • -
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I •
:. i ' .' e(i-,fi floi DAU ^;^'jn^.^''Xi^\* i f. 1
• r ■ »
Wenn es Dir moeglich waere, mir mal die nazi-aehnliche Situation beschreiben koenntest
unter der Du so offenbar Jahrelang hast leiden muessen, waere ich Dir dankbar. War es eine
persoenliche Vendetta eines Mitangestellten? Man kann es sich nicht denken, dass der Grund
Antisemitismus war, obwohl es dessen auch in der "urdemokratischen"Schweiz gibt und eab
/i
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V < «< .1. i
v .^
•>«•
3
J .»
i.
Dein Bruder ist wirklich schwerkrank^ ob er es zugibt oder nicht. Wie kann er da nur
leben - solange es ueberhaujt eine M eglichkeit gibt, operativ einzugreifen und ihm wesent-
lich zu helfen? Die Aerzte hier sinfl ebenso "wissenschaftlich" wie Eure, dass verdanken
wir dem wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt. Aber zwei oder drei Wochen in ri±im einem Kranken-
haus, auch wenn es recht wenig "humanitas" dort gibt, waere ewigen Schmerzen vorzuziehen.
' Wr.kA^ .< .. V
• • ..
Roy Oppenheim war eine Enttaeuschung. Wieso? Interessiert mich. Die junge Generatinn
(Roy ist nicht viel aelter als meine eigene Tochter) ist uns schon frueher entkommen als
wir unseren Eltern. Und natuerlich machen sie alles falsch: die Kritik ist schon sehr
angebracht, aber ihre Vorschlaege zur Verbesserung taugen meistens nichts. Aber wir koennei
auch den ersten Stein nicht werfen: habenwir ihnen nicht diese tolle Wirtschaft vermacht,
die sozial und wirtschaftliche Holle fuer Millionen bedeuted (ich bin weiss Gott kein
Verteidiger der hoeheren Mittelklassenmoral)? Im uebrigen habe ich heute noch viel
weniger fuer Christen uebrig als noch vor zwanzig Jahren, als ich noch mehr optimistisch
war als heute. Das kommt davon, dass alle meine Freunde und Verwandte aelter werden...
Ich lese nochmals Seite 7: ueber die traurige Geschichte der Kriegsfreiwilligkeit (?)
Deines Vaters. Ich sagte oben, dass er Voluntaer war. Moeglicherweise aber doch nicht?
Ich glaube, die Antwort kommt vom Data seiner Staatsbuergerschaft in der Schweiz. Wann?
Was Du ueber Deine Mutter und ihre damals einbrechende Herzkrankheit schreibst, scheint
weiterer Beweis, dass die sehr feinfuehligen Nerven eben recht duenn waren, und nicht nur
bei den Jonas Verwandten: schliesslich teilte Deine Mutter das Los von Millionen, und wo
sie nur hinsah, fand sie Frauen von Soldaten die wohl eben nicht zurueckkommen moegen--
f
Daher moechte ich Dir diesen Gendanken mitteilen: warum wurde sie boese, wenn Du sie
ueber dsQ Kriegsdienst des Vaters fragtest? Eben weil er freiwillig nach Deutschland zuruecj
kehrte, was sie ihm nie verziehen hat (bravo. Durch seinen verfehlten Patriotismus musste
sie und seine Kinder Jahrelang leiden). Sie liebte ihn, natuerlich, und wollte ihn zurueck,|
undwar hoechst bitter, weil er eben das heilfee Vaterland hoeher einschaetzte als seine
Familie - obwohl er (scheinbar) legalerweise nie haette "eingezogen" werden koennen.
Passt daö in Deine Erinnerungen?
Aber wer war denn ein Auslaender? Von Schwaben wäret Ihr
doch auch nicht. Sehr ueberrascht hat mich Deine Mitteilung dass Dein Vater von Brown,
Bov*rie schaebig behandelt wurde und ausgenutzt wurde (mehr als man es von "Kapitalisten"
eraarten muss).
So schliesse ich heute, um nicht moch mehr unbewantwortbare Fragen zu
stellen. Schreibe aber bitte bald wieder, denn wir haben eben nur die oberste Schicht
angetastet. i • ,
Margot Jonas
Seefeldstrasse 32
8008 Zürich
Zürich, den 21. Juni I971.
T
Lieber, guter, geduldiger, fleissiger - nur leider viel zu
weit entfernter Cousin John Henry Richter,
i«n... J^^L^'^^'t^ ^"^ """^ '"^^ denken, dass ich Dir soooooooooooo
Briffe -°a,^ 2^ m^'"'°h'"' ??'^' ^° ^^ ^'^ ^^^^ zw^^so Lebe
Du wfisst ?a ;«^\T ^? ^^' ^P^^^ - geschrieben hast! Aber
DU weisst ja, dass ich zwischenzeitlich eine höllische GriDoe
mit sehr hohem Fieber hatte, die hier überall herumgras sle??e
Kl^r^Jh-g^"',°''f" heftigen Erscheinungen (BronchiuSstin und
liJ^T^i.1'^^^^^''^' ^°e^^ ^i« Königin Elisabeth II?! der
Kreiskf Wei^:?.' Karajan und der österreichische Auss^nSnister
es in Li f!/ ^^""^^ ^^^^^"^ typischen Grippe im Bett, wie
es m den Zeitungen stand I Daneben lief hier aber noch eine
fen'ufrdif Er.^^^'""^"^"-'"'^P^ ^^^^"' ^'^ mehrer^Leute ha?-
ten und die Erscheinungen wie die Cholera hatte. Mein Bruder
Walter war ein Opfer dieser ganz scheusslichen Darm-Grippe Jie
wirklich sehr ähnlich der in denZeitungen geschilderien'^^holera
mS; und iT.etllT'' ^''n' ^'^^^^t^^^--' nur fühlt man sich noch
muae und angeschlagen. Dazu hat sich bei mir eine «anz wüste
Zahnwurzelhautentzündung bezw. -eiterung herausgestefl?, so-
dass ich in den nächsten Tagen dringend zum Zahnarzt muss der
mir wahrscheinlich zwei kostbare Zähne (letzte Stützen einer
grossen und teuren technischen Arbeit vor 6 Jahren! )zLhen
muss, womit das schreckliche Damoklesschwert, das schon immer
über mir schwebte (vor allem mit den Zähnen aufs HaSpt fällt
und den Zahnarzt und mich vor riesige Probleme stellen wird
So hört das Schicksal NIE AUF, AUF EINEN EINZUSCHLAGEN. Und
meine mnigstgeliebte Mama, die leider viel zu früh im H;rbs?
legten Briff ""ol ^reislaufversagen starb, schrieb mir in ihrem
letzten Brief, 24 Stunden vor ihrem Tode - unter anderem -
Immer, wenn man glaubt, über dem Berg zu sein, da hecken
die Geister und Kobolde wieder etwas Neues aus. SO DA55q
MAN AUF DIESER ERDE NIE ZUR RUHE KOMMT". Und tatsächlich er-
geht es mir so ununterbrochen mein ganzes Leben lang. Ich
hatte unzahlige Zahnkatastrophen und habe bis heute Fr. 28' 000 —
für Zahnarzthonorarrechnungen bezahlt. Endlich glaubte ich *
der'Ls"" Dlbf/hi""K'. ^;;^ "°^°" S^^^ ^i^ Schweinerei Wie-
der los. Dabei bin ich doch Vollinvaliden- Rentnerin und mi 1-
diesen Renten hier springt man angesichts der unmenschlichen
l^uerun^ bezw. INFLATION., nicht mehr weih. ir?Kff?M-^slfet
^IcäER'^und^d^'^^r ^APITALISTENSTAAT, werden d i e^S^ !c he n' immer
REICHER und die Armen immer AERMER. Darüber ist x-mal in
F!oiJ^n^'''^^f^^^^°^''^^^^" worden, aber die Menschen und deren
Egoismus ist dermassen gross, dass die kleinen Menschen ein-
fach zertrampelt werden. - Wenn meine Schwester durch ihren
Schwiegervater bezw. deren Gatten nicht ein RIESENERBE gemacht
hatte, wäre sie heute, trotz Malerei, eine arme Maus. Leider
J±2m Badenern die grossen Erbschafts betrage IN DEN KOPF
GESTAGEN und spielen sie jetzt die KAPITALISTEN, während sie
vor dem Erbe fortwährend über Geldknappheit klagten, ja zeit-
weise sogar Schulden machten. Obwohl die Badener zu mir äusser-
lich nett und freundlich sind, so schauen sie doch auf mich
- 2 -
c
c
iL J^^^'i^i^^'; Hinsicht sehr herunter. Je länger je mehr. Kaum
^M^. rSJ''^^''^^^^^S^^^ eingetroffen, leisteten sie sich alle
fünf JEDER EIN EIGENES AUTO (ein Sohn, Roy, sogar zweil). Sie
Kauften schnell ein Haus in Ennetbaden und erneuerten es in-
wendig für ca. Fr. 180 000.- total neu. Auch die Wohnungs-
einrichtungen wurden total neu angeschafft - ca. Pr. 20' 000.-
Als aber mein Vater gestorben war 1958 und man mir - WEIL
ICH WEDER JE EINE AUSSTEUER NOCH EIN STUDIUM BEZAHLT BEKOMMEN
HATTE - im Gegensatz zu Schwester und Bruder, die seinerzeit
eine totale Aussteuer und ein teures Studium bezahlt bekamen - ,
hatte mir mein Vater Mamas schönes Zimmer zugesorochen (sonst
war nichts zum erben übrig geblieben ), welches Zimmer mir
meine Schwester wegnahm und mir schäbige Fr. 500.-- dafür be-
zahlte - ABGESTOTTERT WAEHREND VOLLEN VIER JAHRRKr! ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 • •
Das Zimmer wäre aber selbst im Verkauf noch sicher Fr! *2000*—
wert gewesen. Damals klönten die Badener, kein Geld, sondern
Schulden zu haben. Aber dann brach der Wohlstand mit
dem Geld von Erics Vater (immer sehr reich gewesen in England)
aus, und die Badener setzten sich aufs hohe Ross und demütigten
mich fortwahrend. Meine Schwester hätte mir, da ich ja in
jenem Zeltpunkt SCHWER KRANK WURDE UND ZWEI SCHWERE OPERATIONEN
HATTE (im Jahre I96I und sehr schlimm Im Jahre I963), zum-
indest die Gelddifferenz für das mir abgeklaute Zimmer nach-
zahlen können. Aber leider leider leider war meine Schwester
immer ein RIESRNEGOIST, nur an sich und ihre Leute denkend.
Mich betrachtete sie immer - obwohl ich meine Schwester innigst
liebte und verehrte - als AUSSENSTEHENDK. als FREMDE, und
sie hatte sich mehrmals so hässliche Dinge mir gegenüber erlaubt,
so dass noch mein alter Vater im Jahre 1957 mit einem heftigen
Machtwort^^ gegen meine Schwester (die mir halt immer neidisch
als Frau war, weil sie wenig Chancen, oder keine Chancen bei
Mannern gehabt hatte) auftrat und ihr alle fichande sagte. Das
will was heissen, denn sonst war meine Schwester doch das Lieblings
kind - wegen ihren Talentenl - meines Vaters.
Entschuldige, lieber John Henry, wenn ich Dir diesmal
etwas von meiner seelischen Not (ein Teil meiner Not) ver-
lauten Hess, aber es wäre noch viel viel viel mehr dazu zu
sagen, am besten Mündlich. Ich hoffe innigst. Dich und Dfeine
Familie einmal hier sehen und sprechen zu können. Dann könnte
ich Dir meine gesamte sehr schwere Schicksalslage klar darlegen.
Schon meine Eltern sorgten sich sehr um mich, weil sie wussten,
dass ich einerseits durch die Eltern materiell viel zu kurz ge-
kommen war, wofür sie sich immer entschuldigten. Anderseits
wussten meine Eltern auch um mein ausserordentlich schweres
Schicksal summa summarum, was ich Ruch nur einmal mündlich dar-
legen könnte, weil es sonst eine Broschüre würde. Aber objektiv
habe ich ganz ganz Furchtbares mitgemacht, in mehrerer Hinsicht
und objektiv NACHWEISBAR. Ich war als Mensch immer loo prozentig
anständig und korrekt gewesen, hatte in allen Schulen und im
Beruf besondere Auszeichnungen (Ehrendiolom) für aussergewöhn-
liche Tüchtigkeit - aber alles nützte nichts: Das Schicksal
schlug furchtbar auf mich Pin, was meine Eltern alles mitansehen
mussten, auch sonst liebe Menschen hatten Mitleid mit mir. An
meiner Stelle erlebte ich ein wahres Nazi tum an Verbrechen dufch
bösartigste Menschen. Ich kämpfte für die Wahrheit, bis ich in
Fransen ging, und schlussendlich siegte ich loo prozentig, aber
der Sieg war dann mit Zusammenbrüchen und Krankheit erkauft.
- 3 -
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c
Meine EIGENE Schwester, die mir ihr Leben lang tief neidisch und
mlssgUnstig war - nur als "Prau", weil ich viel besser aussah
und mehr Chancen hatte - mochte mir alle Prüfungen schadenfroh
von Herzen gönnen, und sie war nie bereit, mir zu helfen, beizu-
stehen und zu raten. Im Gegenteil, wenn ich ihr mit übervollem
Herzen mein Herz ausschütten wollte, SCHLUG SIE ERST RECHT NOCH
MIT HAESSLICHEN WORTEN AUF MICH EIN, was alles meine Eltern noch
miterlebten. - Wohl verstanden, ich habe mit Edith KEINEN KRACH,
gar nicht, nach aussen scheint alles "in Butter". Aber die Freund-
lichkeit im Verkehr ist Heuchelei, nicht ehrlich, nicht aufrichtig.
Meine Schwester kümmert sich auch nur höchst selten um mich, obwohl
sie weiss, dass ich Vollinvalidin bin und mit einer knappen Rente
auskommen und somit sehr sparen muss. ALLES IST IHR HUNDE-
WURSCHT. Dafür geht es den Badenern eben durch die Riesenerbschaft
sehr gut, und Edith verdient zusätzlich mit Malerei. Den Kindern
von Edith ist das Riesenerbe auch in den Kopf gestiegen, und sie
leben seither wie die Millionäre: sie leisten sich alles, alles,
alles. Geld spielt keine Rolle mehr.
Nach dem Tode meines Vaters hatte Edith den ganzen Schreib-
tisch ALLEINE AUSGEGRABEN und meinen Bruder und mich viel zu
wenig über den Inhalt des Pultes orientiert. So fand sie auch
die Adressen der amerikanischen Verwandten, WELCHE ADRESSEN SIE
MEINEM BRUDER UND MIR NICHT GAB Durch Zufall sah
ich, dass sie mit Amerika einen regen Briefwechsel führte, gar
noch mit Austausch von Photographien Auch besass sie den
Stammbaum von Papa - alles sah ich zufällig. Als ich sie bat,
mir die Adressen und eine Kopie des Stammbaums zu geben, war ihr
das peinlich - und sie übergab mir NICHTS. Zufällig kannte
ich in Basel die alte Frau Cohnberg-Conitzer, 87 Jahre alt, die
noch meinen Vater ganz jung gesehen hatte in Bromberg, und diese
liebenwwürdige alte Dame gab mir DANN EURE ADRESSEl l ! 1 l I l I ! I I I i 1
Aber noch etwas: wir haben noch Verwandte namens Brix, deren
Eltern mein Vater damals in den dreissiger Jahren Fr. 12' 000.--
nach Deutschland in grosser Not geschickt hatte. Die Schwester
Rosa meines Vaters starb dann aber doch an Leberkrebs, und die
Nachkommen wanderten aus. Für meinen Vater war damals dieser
Geldbetrag ein RIESENBETRAG gewesen, hatten wir ja selber fast
kein Geld durch das furchtbare Schicksal durch 1. Weltkrieg,
in dem mein Vater vier Jahre lang auf deutscher Seite gedient
hatte. Dieser Betrag von Fr. 12 000.-- für heute einem Betrag
von fast Fr. kO 000.-- entsprechen. Meine Mutter verzweifelte
damals über diese Geldsendung, weil sie selber nicht versichert
war durch meinen Vater, überhaupt KEINE VERSICHERUNG, nicht ein-
mal Kranken- oder Unfallversicherung - was sich dann im
Alter meiner Eltern entsetzlich rächte, denn sie starben in grösster
Armut und konnten uns KEIN GELD ZURUEC KLASSEN. Meine IVtutter
war ob dieses Kummers, der ihr aufs Herz geschlagen hatte, VOR-
ZEITIG GESTORBEN. Ich sah immer ihre hellen Verzweiflungen,
weil Papas Rente (durch die verdammten Hochkapitalisten bezw*
Kolonialisten BBC) nicht aufgebessert worden war entsprechend
der Inflation, so dass die Rente nicht einmal für eine einzige
Person ausreichte. Und beide Eltern waren schwer krank, IN KEINER
KRANKENVERSICHERUNG, so dass die letzten Tausenden fortwährend
an die Aerzte gingen. Die Eltern standen vor dem Nullpunkt, und
Mama sagte immer: Es ist höchste Zeit, dass ich gehe, die Rente
- 4 -
C
(
reicht Ja nicht einmal für Papa allein aus, was stimmte. Meine
Eltern sahen immer den finanziellen tiefen Abgrund, auf den sie von
Monat zu Monat, Jahr zu Jahr zusteuerten. Wohl arbeitete Papa noch
höchst fleissig in seinem hohen Alter an Expertisen, die ihm dann
gelegentlich einmal loo, 2oo, 5oo Fr. einbrachten - aber nur ein
Tropfen auf einen heissen Stein. Aber Edith hatte damals noch
Schulden und scheute sich nicht, den armen Papa noch mit Geld anzu-
pumpen. Als dann Papa 1958 im Februar starb, hatte Edith keine
Pumpquelle mehr*
Da vermuten wir, mein Bruder und ich, dass sie sich an
die Familie Brix wandte, deren Eltern Papa damals Fr. 12 000.--
geschenkt hatte. Tatsächlich schrieb Edith diesen Leuten, und
sie kamen auch nach Baden, Edith besuchen. Doch unterschlug sie
uns dies bezw. tönte es einmal oberflächlich an und meinte, die
Leute würden dermassen " jüdisch" ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I ) aussehen, dass
man sich mit ihnen nicht zeigen könne.
Damit wollte uns bezw. mir Edith das Interesse
an diesen Menschen AUSREDEN, möglicherweise
aus Angst, ich könnte etwas Genaueres erfahren,
denn die Möglichkeit war nicht ausgeschlossen,
dass Edith diese Leute anbettelte, indem sie
auf Papas Geldgeschenk von ca. 195^ anspielte.
Walter und ich können das NICHT BEWEISEN, nur vermuten. Warum hat
Edith ein solches Geheimnis um unsere Verwandten in Amerika gemacht?
Warum unterschlug sie uns als Geschwister deren Adressen???????????????
Man soll nicht zu Unrecht Mitmenschen verdächtigen, aber Edith war
immer eine irrsinnige Egoistin - obwohl sie für kleine Dinge
SEHR GEFAELLIG UND EINSATZBEREIT SEIN KONNTEl I I - und weil sie da-
mals noch Schulden hatte.
WEIL SIE IMMER UEBER DIE VERHAELTNISSE
LEBTE UND BLUFFTE UND ES MIT DEN MILLIONAEREN
IN BADEN GLEICH HALTEN WOLLTE:
Teures Tennisspielen im Sommer - teures
Skifahren im Winter der ganzen Familie,
KEIN VERZICHT AUF DIESE TEUREN SPORTEl I I I I ,
Ja einmal sogar wegen nichtbezahlten Steuern betrieben werden sollte,
wobei dann Paoa seinerzeit diese Steuern für Edith bezahlte, lag
einfach die VERMUTUNG nahe, dass sie die heute sehr
reichen Leute in Mexiko (?) um Geld anging, sagen wir um eine Art
Rückzahlung (w^nn auch nur eines Teiles) von Papas damaligem Geld-
geschenk, das ein Riesenoofer für uns in Baden war.
c
*
Deshalb hätte ich Dich, lieber Coiiisin John Henry, gerne einmal
nach dieser Adresse Brix gefragt - KEINESWEGS ETWA, UM DORT ZU
BETTELN, nur einmal grundsätzlich, um ev. mit ihnen in Kontakt zu
treten. Selbstverständlich wäre es auch schriftlich unmöglich,
darnach zu fragen, ob Edith von ihnen dort Geld bekommen hat, denn
1) wird oder würde Edith genau mit diesen Leuten vereinbart haben,
dass sie uns andern Geschwistern NICHTS SAGEN und 2) kann man
solche Dinge nicht schriftlich abklären, weil zu peinlich. Wenn
ich Brix schreiben würde, so ^anz allgemein einmal. Ich würde fragen,
wie es ihnen geht und ob sie einmal nach Zürich kommen. Edith hatte
nur einmal angetönt, es ginge ihnen finanziell himmlisch gut.
- 5 -
(
sie hätten mit Holzhandel oder Holzkisten ein Riesengeld gemacht
etc.öbc. Mehr weiss ich nicht. Aber mein Bruder und
ich kommen aus der Vermutung nicht heraus, dass Edith von diesen
Leuten irgendwie Geld bekommen hat, WAS DER GRUND IST, WESHALB
UNS SJK ALLK DIESE VERWANDTEN- ADRESSEN VERSCHWEIGT. Auch hatte
Edith sämtliche privaten Akten von Papa aus seinem Schreibtisch
genommen und bei sich zu Hause verschwinden lassen. Ich besitze
kein Dokument von Papa betr. berufliche Akten, persönliche Akten,
Brief korresDondenzen, Tagebücher etc. etc. Weder Bruder Walter
noch ich bekamen auch nur ein Dokument. Paoa hatte ja noch eine
Erfindung oendent, die in München hätte verkauft werdensollen.
Nie hat Edith oder Kric meinem Bruder oder mir
etwas über diese pendente Erfindung gesagt.
UeberhauDt betrachteten sie uns als "FREMDE",
die nichts etwas angeht.
(
Meine Schwester, sonst freundlich und gefällig, aber im
Herzen total schlau, verschlagen und abgeschlagen, berechnend,
herzlos hat mir mein Leben lang sehr sehr viel Kummer gemacht.
Tn ihrem Herzen war immer eine Feindschaft zu mir - nur aus
Neid, weil sie ein relativ hässlichen Mädchen und noch heute
eine unschöne Frau ist - , und sie spottete mich aus, wo immer
sie konnte. Ueber jede männliche Bekanntschaft, die ich hatte,
schnödete sie und zog alles in den Dreck. Als sie mich ein-
mal in ihrer krankhaften Neidhaftigkeit ein "Luder" nannte,
fuhr mein damals 82 jähriger Vater mit einem Donnerwetter da-
zwischen und sagte meiner wirklich extrem hässlichen Schwester
Edith ALLE SCHANDE. Mein Vater war empört, denn er, wie auch
damals meine liebe Mutter, wussten, welch unsagbar schweres
Schicksal ich durch die Weltkriege, durch Krisenzeiten und
vor allem an meiner letzten Stelle in der Zeitung hatte, worüber
ich Euch mündlich erzählen müsste. Ich erlebte hier die infamsten
Hitler-Gemeinheiten, kriminelle Dinge am laufenden Band, segen
die ich ankämpfen musste, bis ich in Fransen ging. Nach
beharrlichem Kamof für die Wahrheit bekam ich dann immer
schlussendlich Recht - denn die Wahrheit war loo prozentig auf
meiner Seit^. Aber durch Ueberarbeitungen (ich war die
Spitzenkraft von je gewesen) und noch mehr durch furchtbare
Schikanen und Kummer wurde ich schliesslich schwer krank.
Aerzte hatte mir das alles prophezeit, nämlich die Aerzte, die
wussten, wie ich durch Gemeinheiten Tauch alles Neid, weil
ich beruflich überraß;end war und sonst viel Symoathien genoss)
entsetzlich litt. Schriftlich kann man das ja alles gar nicht
darlegen. Es gäbe ein dickes Buch, mein schweres Schicksal.
Und mein Schicksal wäre niemals so gewesen, wenn ich von jeher
FIMAN7.IELLEN RUECKHAT.T gehabt hätte, denn mit Geld hätte ich
mich von allen Demütigungen und kriminellen rremeinhelten los-
kaufen können. Einzig und allein die Geldlosl^keit war
schuld, dass ich aus den demütip;enden, nazi-ähnlichen Situationen
nicht fliehen konnte. In allen .Schulen und Berufen waren ich
die Spitzenkraft mit besondern Qualitäten gewesen, und auch
als ^ensch beliebt. Aber unter Verbrechern und teuflischen
Neidern nützt alles nichts, wenn man nicht mit einem Donnerwetter
(mit Geld im Rücken) AUFTRETEN KANN'
- 6 -
(
(
Mein lieber, guter geduldiger Cousin, John Henry, ent-
schuldige bitte, wenn Ich jetzt so lange von mir, meinen Sorgen
und meiner Schicksalssituation berichtet habe - total auf-
richtig - , aber es drängte mich einfach, wahrhaftig zu sein
und die Dinge zu schildern, wie sie waren und sind.
Eigentlich wollte ich ja auf Dich und Deine Familie
eingehen, weil ich so riesig erfreut war, von Dir einen so
langen und interessanten und flelsslgen Brief erhalten zu
haben, für den ich - wie auch noch für den nachfolgenden
Brief vom 2o. Mal - Dir nochmals herzlichst danken möchte.
Ich war ganz gerührt. UND NOCHMALS INNIGSTEN DANK FUER DEN
PHANTASTISCH INTERESSANTEN STAMMBAUM, DEN ICH HEUTE MEINEM
BRUDER BRINGEN WERDE, DER SICH AUCH SEHR DAFUER INTERESSIERT.
Mein Bruder Walter ist an sich kein leichter Mensch, typischer
Künstler, stark epcozentrisch. aber ich kann mit ihm viel
viel menschlichere, tiefgeistige Dinge diskutieren, was mit
Edith kaum möglich ist. Walter ist ein hochgeistiger, viel-
seitig interessierter Mensch mit umfassender "Weltbildung".
Wir können oft zwei Stunden miteinander diskutieren und ver-
stehen uns weltanschaulich 100 PROZENTIG, eine wahre Wohltat
in dieser grausamen Welt. Die Menschheit ist ja auf dem
Niedergang, und die nächsten dreisslg Jahre werden böse böse
Zeiten - in jeder Hinsicht - werden. Walter ist leider
sehr sehr darmkrank, verdauungskrank und sollte längstens
operiert werden. Aber er sträubt sich mit Händen und Füssen
gegen einen Spitalaufenthalt und hat - wie ich - kein Ver-
trauen in die heutigen Massen-Aerzte, die nicht mehr so
sind wie früher die Aerzte waren. Man erlebt mit Aerzten
furchtbare Dinge. Es sind keine Humanisten mehr, sondern
Bürokraten, herzlos, beziehungslos, nur aufs Geld aus. Der
Mensch ist nicht mehr wert als ein Kaninchen.... Um Walter
habe ich grosse Sorge gesundheitlich. Er leidet unter gräss-
lichen Schmerzen inwendig. Dazu Leberstauung, etwas Wasser-
sucht. Dann raucht er zu viel und nimmt in rauhen Mengen
Schlafmittel und Drogen - wegen der Schmerzen. Es gibt nur
Operation. Aber Walter hat irrsinnig viele Aufträge nach
allen Ländern und kommt mit Arbeit nicht nach. Er sollte
eigentlich 5o oder 4o Jahre alt sein und nicht schon 6l.
Walter htt auch viele Haare gelassen in seinem Existenzkampf.
Bei uns allen, auch bei Walter, war immer die Hauotsorge:
KEINEN FINANZIELLEN RUECKHALT. weil die Eltern ein entsetzlich
schweres Schicksal hatten - eine grosse Tragödie, weil doch
alle wirklich überdurchschnittlich begabt waren. Walters
Intra-Haus bezw. Intra-Polls sollte doch in Deutschland
reiai realisiert werden - was weltumwälzend in der Architektur
wäre. Alles ist noch im Verhandlungsstadium (Milliarden-
projekte), weil alles irrsinnig durchdacht werden muss, well
wirklich in jeder Hinsicht weltumwälzend. Walter brauchte
einen Riesenstab von Mitarbeitern, ist aber leider wirklich
sehr krank und arbeitet nur noch mit grösster Willensanstrengung.
Er tut mir sehr leid. Auf die Badener ist er schlecht zu
sprechen, weil ihn der Neffe Roy sehr enttäuscht hat. Meine
Schwester und deren Kinder können eben leider sehr falsch
und VOR ALLEM OPPORTUNISTISCH SEIN und dazu undankbar. Ich
müsste Dir alles mündlich erzählen.
- 7 -
i
Walter hat die Badener testamentarisch vollkommen ausgeklammert! I I I
Gleiches werde ich auch tun, obwohl bei mir nicht viel zu ver-
machen ist, aber sie sind nicht einmal eine Winzigkeit von Geld
wert, nach allem, was mir meine Schwester im Laufe der Jahrzehnte
an HERZLOSIGKEIT angetan hat - auch wenn sie sonst immer
freundlich (aber unauf richtip;) ins Gesicht war. Hatte ich
je Bekanntschaft mit Menschen, hat sie alle meine Bekannte als
Mistfinken verschimpft, weil sie mir keine Menschen gönnte.
Sie wünschte mir EINSAMKEIT, LEDIG- BLEIBEN, KUMMER und sie
rührte nie den Finger, etwas Gutes für mich zu tun. Ich kann
alles mündlich genau beweisen und schildern. Ihre grösste Angst
war von jeher, ich kennte mit Heiraten eine gute Partie machen.
Ihre grösste Genugtuung ist, dass ich ledig blieb und keine Familie
habe, obwohl sie wusste, wie irrsinnig ich mir Kinder wünschte.
Ich hatte beste Heiratskandidaten, aber der zweite Weltkrieg hat
mir alles vernichtet* Und nur einen x-beliebigen Mann heiraten,
das wollte ich nicht, obwohl ich noch ordentlich gute Anträge
hatte. Ich war und blieb eine Idealistin. Aber meine Schwester
hätte viel für mich tun können, weil sie viele nette LEDIGE
MAENNER kannte und sogar eine Schulkameradin (ein Miststück)
af*- absichtlich ^Verkuppelte", nur um mich zu ärgern, denn für
mich suchte sie keinen Ledigen zum verkuppeln, obwohl ich sie
vor 4o bezw. vor 3o Jahren herzlichst darum bat. Nein, Edith
wollte NICHT, dass ich gut heirate, deshalb hatte ich sie schon
früher als Schwester und Freundin ABSCHREIBEN MUESSEN. Meine
Eltern wussten das alles genau.
Ich bewundere Dich, lieber Cousin, wie Du den Stammbaum
zusammengebracht hast - eine irrsinnige Arbeit. Auch danke
ich Dir für alle Einzelheiten in Deinem lieben Brief vom 21.
April. Bruder Walter wird sich sehr dafür interessieren, denn
ich orientiere ihn wenn möglich heute noch. Ich war immer in
grösster Zeitnot aus sehr vielen Gründen, so dass ich zurzeit
total auf dem Hund und erledigt bin. Habe Herzkrisen und seelische
Panik, weil eben mit allem allein, wo ich doch eigentlich eine
Pflegefrau benötigte. Ich bin eben doch sehr angeschlagen
nach schwersten Erkrankungen und Operationen.
Was mich besonders interessiert, ist die Frage, OB
MF.IN VATER EFFEKTIV FREIWILLIG IN DEN ERSTEN WELTKRIEG GING
oder aus Versehen oder aus Zwang. In unserer Familie war
das nie abgeklärt worden - nie nie nie. Meine Mutter bekam
von Papa keine genaue Auskunft oder wurde böse, wenn man daran
rührte. Tatsache war, dass die andern deutschen Ingenieure
in Baden blieben und nicht in die entsetzliche Kriegsnot ge-
rieten wie meine Mutter mit ihren drei Kindern. Im Elsass
waren wir dem HUNGERTODE NAHE - eine Zeit, die uns drei Kindern
(und erst der Mutter) unauslöschlich blieb, so, wie wenn es
gestern gewesen wäre. Diese Zeiten in St. Louis bei Basel
bleibt in der Seele wie eingebrannt, so deutlichd, weil so
entsetzlich schwer und dramatisch. Man könnte ein Buch darüber
schreiben. Meine Mutter hatte damals ihre schwere Herzkrankheit
vor lauter Aengsten und Aufregungen geholt - wir waren doch
bettelarm, ohne Geld, am verhungern - ich weiss alles noch.
In ihrem Brief vor ihrem plötzlichen Tode schrieb mir meine
Mutter 24 Stunden vor d(^m Tod - dass der Weltkrieg ihr Herz
ruiniert habe durch die entsetzlichen Aufregungen und Ungewissheiten,
ob Papa aus dem Krieg zurückkäme. Mama hätte sich und uns um-
bringen müssen - total der Not ausgeliefert, ohne Beistand.
- 8 -
Diese Zeit hat unsere Seele geprägt, denn dann kam die Rückkehr
nach Baden in grösster finanzieller Not, wo wir als Ausländer,
als verdammte Sauschwaben (sales boches) wie Aussätzige behandelt
wurden - genau so, wie die Juden im Hitlerreich misshandelt wur-
den und rechtlos waren. Wir bekamen keine Wohnung und wurden un-
beschreiblich gedemütigt. Und hatten ja KEIN GELD. Obwohl
Papa von höchster Genialität und Tüchtigkeit war, wurde er von der
Kolonialisten-KaDitalisten-Pirma schlimmster Sorte fortwährend
unterbezahlt und wie ein Arbeiter gedemütigt - oh, was haben
wir alles erlebt. Und alles das hat meine an sich so glückliche
frohmutige, geniale, hochbegabte Mama seelisch ruiniert - was '
ich ihr heute so gut nachfUhleQ kann. Ihr Schicksal war ein
Martyrium schlimmster Art. Und diese Not übertrug sich auch
aufunsere Kinderseele. Edith hatte noch mit einer Bürostelle
grosses Glück. Zudem war sie immer eine grosse Egoistin, die nur
für sich schaute. Sie war mir nie eine gütige Schwester, auch
wenn sie mir zu Weihnachten oder Geburtstag schöne HMBMMMHWM
Geschenke machte. Damit konnte sie ihre Herzlosigkeit nicht
verstecken. Ich schaue bei den Menschen aufs Herz, nicht auf
Geschenke.
__ Wie gesagt, die Frage, ob Papa FREIWILLIG IN DEN KRIEG GING
musste heute noch abgeklärt werden. Wärp Papa in Baden geblieben *
hatte sich das Familienschicksal total anders gestaltet und hätten
wir vielen Kummer nicht gehabt - vor allem finanziell nicht. Mama
schrieb mir das noch auf ein^n zusätzlichen Zettel 24 Stunden
vor ihr^m tödlichen Zusammenbruch. Sie war schwer schwer herzkrank
und arthritiskrank - alles nur aus Kummer geworden. - ich
liebte meine Eltern über alles, sie waren meine seelische Heimat,
m^ine Glucks<-ligkeit in Ascona, auch wenn ich die grosse Not im
Alter mitansah. Ich hatte ja noch meine eigene Not im Beruf.
Bitte bitte, lieber Cousin John Henry, komme doch bitte einmal
nach Zürich mit Familie, damit wir alles besorechen könnenl 1 1 ' " '
Schriftlich kann m«n ja alles nur antönen, und schnell ist'eln*'*
Brief ein Bandwurm.
Deine lieben Zeilen habe ich aufgehoben und Walter wird
sich darüber freuen. Wenn die Zeit reicht, gehe ich noch heute
zu Ihm. Pur heute muss ich hier schliessen, werde aber
gerne wieder einmal schreiben. Zurzeit mifam bin ich BfflRjamm
unvorhergesehenen i=^esuchen «u« dem Ausland knapn in der Zeit
weshalb ich Sekunden spalte. Es tut mir leid, denn ich wollte
noch mehr auf ^^elne lieben Zeilen eingehen, weil ich alle«
brennend interessiert - auch T^eine genauere Tätigkeit und wie
es Deinen lieben Angehörigen geht. Und vielleicht kannst Du
mir einmal die Brix-Adresse in Mexiko mitteilen. Es eilt aber
nicht.
Empfange für heute meine innigsten, herzlichsten Orüsse
und allerbesten Wünsche - für alle der Familie -
von Deiner dankbaren, vtl an Ruch denkenden,
schwergeprüften, manchmal verzweifelten
^
"""^^ WWJ?
Margot Jonas
Seefeldstrasse 32
8008 Zürich
^^ iiM
Zürich, den 15. Mai I971.
(
Lieber, guter, fleissiger und tüchtiger Cousin John Henry,
Ganz schnell möchte ich Dir heute den Empfang
Deiner so lieben Sendung mit ^^rief vom 2o/21 April be-
stätigen und Dir für alle Deine gehabte Mühe herzlichst
danken. Ich hatte riesige Freude darüber und werde
Dir später noch eingehender berichten. ''Ganz schnell"
muss ich heute sagen, weil ich sehr hohes Fieber durch
eine ganz scheussliche Grippe habe, die mich fast zur
Verzweiflung bringt. Bestimmt wurde sie mir im Geschäft
meiner Coiffeuse (Hairdresser) "angehängt", wo immer
viel Leute ein- und ausgehen; ich habe mich nämlich nir-
gendswo erkältet und war sonst auch nicht unter Leuten.
So liege ich im Augenblick sehr auf der Nase, weil ich
niemanden habe, der mir da in der Verlegenheit im Haus-
halt aushilft: das sind schlimme Probleme hier, ein
Kapitel für sich.
Wie gesagt, ich werde auf Deinen so lieben und
interessanten und ebenso ausführlichen Brief noch zu-
rückkommen, und ich wünschte von ganzem Herzen, Dich
einmal persönlich kennen zu lernen, damit wir sooooooo
vieles nachholen können, denn wir alle könnten ja ganze
Bücher schreiben. - Heute wollte ich Dir nur zu-
nächst mitteilen, dass in Deinem Kuvert eine Photokopie
und ein an "Editor - AUFBAU - New York etc." adres-
sierter Brief lag - wohl aus IRRTUM in das für mich be-
stimmte Kuvert hineingerutscht. In der Annahme, dass
Du die Sache verzweifelt in Deinen Akten sudist, sandte
ich Dir heute morgen sofort die Photokopie als PRINTED
MATTER zurück. Den Brief lege ich hier bei (weil nicht
als "Drucksache" gehend). Hoffentlich ist da für Dich
nicht wertvolle Zeit verloren gegangenl
Ich hatte noch schnell ein Telephongespräch mit
meinem Bruder Walter, der zurzeit einen Riesenerfolg mit
seiner INTRA-STADT (bezw. Intra-Haus) hat, weil Deutsch-
land als erstes Land das Riesenprojekt realisieren will,
zusammen mit einer riesigen (ich glaube amerikanischen)
Finanzierungsgemeinschaft. Walter freute sich sehr über
den Kontakt mit Dir und will ev. dann auch noch mit Dir
korrespondieren. Im Moment ist er unter irrsinnigem Druck
und muss wieder nach Deutschland. Das Bundesministerium
war mehrmals an ihn gelangt (I), und nun musi^er gleich
wieder hinreisen. Walter erstickt jetzt an Arbeit, aber
alles ist eine ganz grosse Ehre für ihn.
Entschuldige bitte, lieber John Henry, dass ich
hier schon schliessen muss, aber ich werde alles noch
nachholen. Ich bin im Moment wirklich sterbenselende
Empfang meinen innigsten Dank für ALLES und sei für
heute herzlichst gegrüsst von
Deiner Cousine
^T^VtcXcÄ^^ </0'vv<==vo
JOHN ÜENSY flICHTER
1^36 -^a«t Park ilaee
Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48lO^,USA
April 20-21 , 1971
Lieb« Cousine Martjot : OO^Äf
::T<
diese freundschaftlich-verwandtschaftliche Anrede sei
wohl einem etwas juengerem aber doch Vetter von Deines Vater »s Seite erlaubt^
nachdem Du ihn mit Deinem reizenden und interessanten Brief ueberrascht hast .
IJatuerlich sind wir verwandt, was Dir ja auch Deine gute Schwester wie auch meine
urosscousine" Kaethe Cohnberg«(die ebenso freundlich wie unaerstoerbar ist, und
uns noch alleueberleben wird) beetaetigt haetten • ßteht ja aucn im ..tammbaum drin.
i>a Du ii^aethe's Aopie meines Stammbaums derer von Cohn ge.sehenK hast, haettest Du
sogar erfahren koennen, dass ich mit ihr zweimal verwandt bin (durch ihren Vater
und durch ihren ochwie^ervater , welch letzterer zu den Cohns gehoert).
Natuerlich sende ich Dir (^erne zwei Kopien der Cohn Tafeln
die ßich besonders aufh die Jonas Familien beziehen. Von Kosten nicht zu reden.
ch werde da mal ein in der^Jchweiz veroeff entliches Buchfinden, was Du mir .ele^^'-ent-
lieh senden koenntest , aber damit hat es ':eine Eile. Von Deinem beruflichen Tun
weiss ich nur daas Du lange Jahre mkk bei der i^euen Tuereien .Leitung gearbeitest hast,
aber in welcher .tellung? '^uch vom Kuenstlerleben DeinesBruders weiss ja, hier und
da kommt acnon mal sein i^ame im Art Index vor, und dann besehe ich mir die Abbil-
dungen. Allerdings haette ich sehr o«rn mal eines seiner von ihm illustrierten B«e
eher ß-esehen, denn Talent hat hat, ebenso wie sein Halbvetter (V) mein Lieblingsonkel
Ludwig Jonas.
Wie ich also verwandt bin? üelmann Jonas, Dein Gross vater, heiratete
in erster Khe ^^enriette Cohn, Deine '3roösrautter. Sie war ein sehr huebsches i-iaedel
und starb in jungen Jahren. Sie war dasjuenc^ste von 9 Kindern ihres Vaters Moses
?'iichael Cohn. Ihre naechst-aelteste Schwester war Eva Conitzer, meine Urgrossmutter
und Kaethe Conitzer Cohnberg*s ^roöscousine* Heimann hat dann in zweiter :he ii^va
Conitzer's aelste Tochter Nargarethe geheiratet. Sie war also eine ^dchte seiner
ersten r'rau und eine 3c -wester einer 3ro8smutter Martha :>erall^ Das laesst sich
auch der ;enealogiGChen Tafel viel besser beseien. —
i.it Deinem reuten Vater korrespondie ten meine Elt-^rn noch bis 19^0 oder
so, und ich schrieb ihm noch nach dern tvriege. ich habe sogar ein iiild von ihm, wo
er mit echtem F-ldwebelachni rrbart anz wie ein stolder ^reu3se aussieht - patriotisch!
war er ja,^wie raan mir erzaehlte, denn er >:ehrte 191^ aus der .Schweiz zurueck, um zu
dieirnen. -"iq waren ja.auch andere ^.eiten. — rdt der zweiten ^oms Familie bin ich
beinahe zuaammenauf cew chsen, da meine Butter und Qrossmutter in ßroraberg, und apae»
ter in Berlin, mit Greta Jonas und ihren hindern sehr nahe und eng befreundet waren.
Heute sindnun noch drei Brueder ut^brig, darunter Onkel Os'car der fast 90 i«t, und
sain ^ruder Fred (Fritz), ruit dem er seit 2^ oder meh Jahren nicht gesprochen hat.
Beide «ind GrossvJjlter. In Haifa oder Jerusalem lebt noch Rudolf «^onas, einst sehr
aktiver oionist, --unstsaiiimler , Ardaeologe und i'hotograph, jetzt wohl auch im Ruhe-
stand. Der ''wichtigste" der ^rueder, fuer mich, war Ludwig, der i'^ler, der 1942
in Jerusalem starb. Als ich k oder ^ Jaar alt war, besuchte ihn ihn in Berlin, spae-
ter oftmals, er »eichnete undmalte mich (die Bilder sind verschwunden), und ihm ver-
danke ich meine ^enntais des öchac^spiels, allerdin r;a be8ie.;:t niich mein eigener Sohn
regelaaesaig, seit Jahren. Auch er lernte ^-Jchach von mir als er so alt v;ar wie ich,
als Ludwig ..ir esbeibracnte. i-'as war um 1928 herum.
üeber die alten Generationen weiss ich nicht sehr v.el, aber doch mehr als alle
anderen %rwandten. //aa da auch der ersten Tafel steht, derr. ist nichtshinzuzufuegen,
da die Akten fuer Nakel uns wohl fuer immer verschlossen sind (einige sindin Danzig)^
was aehr schade ist denn ich laette gerne weiter/ »graben.
-?-
'fj""! ^•f««^chte anbel«np:t, so haben wir «ms leider dl« falschen Ahnen aus-
gesucht T haetten sie in V/estdeutschland oderin Brandenburg .relebt, so wuerden wir
viel elir wissen. D«r Verlust Posens und Weatpreuosens in Jahre 1919 hat damit
auch »utun. und natuerlich haben die Naais f*at alle Frledhoef« und üynagogan Mit
den Oen5«indeurkunden,etc.) seratoert. i^o laesat sich dcht ...ehr f statellen. wer
die bitern des «ater» von Kosea i-iichael Cohn war (er hiess wohl Michel), und ob
die oohnberg Verwandten und die MoBeeFamllie nicht doch irgendwie mit der VaÄllie
Beer (oder der Familie Mosoa/spaeter Mosson) verwandt v/ar. Jedenfalls kennen alle
aelteren i»ac kora;r;en der Goim farailie das Maerchen ueber die Verwandtschaft mit
Heyerbeer. doch bin ich mit des.sen Ahnenschaft voellig bekannt, und kann niemanden
finden, der in losen im l8. Jahrhundert beheimatet war, auaer eben der l.oses Famili-
dxe aber auch xr.i besten Falle nicht direkt Vwandte sind, d.h. Blutsverwandte
uesAoraponiBteit«
"i^ dieser 3a;je hat es wohl mehr Homantik als Tatsachen, ich bin der
aaeh« senr nachgegangen, fand aber keine Anhaltspunkte, ocheinbar ist die V^rbindun
aucn nicht mit der Cohn ^amilie aondern mit der angeheirateten Hose« Familie, und
nach 100 Jahren ist es zu spaet, die .Wahrheit tu finden. ..e n ich 1951, als ich
meine ersten J?air.ilien;.eschichtllchen .^oti'en machte, ncharf genug bedacht haett«,
haette ich nocn mit den Cnkeln des -rossen Mo^esMichel reden koennenj die ü«eifte
derer von Oohn lebten da als noch, in rierlin. Aber ich war erst 10 Jahre alt, und
hatte da. als von der ^ere nichts gehoert. In chweden (Stocks ind) lebt denny Bucht,
i-nkelin von Michael ^ohn (eines na;h seinem Grossvater f-enannten ^^.n'vels), und auch
sie, die beinahe 80 Jahrealt ist, erinnerte sich an die -eschichte. Ihre Xante,
i-olly Lewin, in »an Francisco, mit derich verschiedentlich darueber sprach, wusste
es auch. ^Mjdoif Jonas eraaehlte mich davon, ebenso wie ndere üohn i'achkommen die
von Jonas md tUchter und Conity.er nie ; ehoert haben (bis ich auftauchte).
•'ae ist daran wahr? ^abriel Cohn, ein Bruder von Henriette Jonas
und ^va Oonitzer, der I857 mit seinem Bruder Kich-sel nach oan Francisco kam,
wuaste es auch, -r wuasto z.B/, dass es in Berlin eine ^^tiftung "fuer arme Braute"
gab, an die sieh alle wenden konnten, (so scheint es) die mit dem otifter verwandt
waren, ^ier war der -tifter: Liebmann Heyer -Vulff, der i^roesus von Berlin, der
170'* diese Stiftung anlejTte. i^r war iMeyerbeer's CJrossvater nd imaiie Beer's
Vater,
Ganz stimmt das auch nicht, aber so besagt es eine Variation desThem«»,
Denn '.'ulff hatte nicht bestinimt, dasa die Bittsteller vrwandt sein rnuwssen. ^a
gab esauch andere ^tiftunj^en, aber keine war so wohlbestattet wie diese. Gabriel
woUte naehffllich gerne die Stiftung fuer seine in Berlin lebenden ^«ichten be-
anspruchen (so neisBt es) - obwohl es denen ranz 5,-ut r;in<r und er selbst durciiau«
keine »athilfe brauchte. Der von ihm um I90O aufgezeichnete -Stammbaum ist wohl
in der -'baicht cemacht worden, die sa-enh fte Verwandtsc 'aft zu bezeugen - fehlte
aber, diesen -.itamrabaum habe ich heute hier, ^r zeigt eine ^eihe Verwandte die
sonst niemand kannte, aber das macht nichts: ihee Na en ' omraen in der 3«.er Familie
leider nicht vor, u , . , .
Und da bleibt es eben bei »r ^age, die sich wehrt, entdeckt
zu werden,
^abei ist das nicht die einzigste 3age : 'olly Lewin *• ^rossvater war ein
junger .-iann als er nach A«sterdam(?) fuhr, um en einer iochzeit von Verwandten
teilzunehmen. Au» interessantem Orundescneint er alle Familienpapiere mitgenommen
zu haben. Auf der .ueckreiae starb er ploetzlich - und alle iapiere verschwanden,
.vas wo Ite er mit ihnen beweisen? "Vchte zu einer ;:-rbschaft? "e loechte schon
paasen, wenn wir n cht von «rstaali en sondern von Goldenen 'iochi'.eiten sprechen,
denn zwei solche Feiern 4ind tatsaechlich in Holland p;ef eiert worden: von Verwandten
i^yerbeers. cieorg -bers' ^rosseltern in Rotterdam, und jemand anders in Amsterdam,
War Fol y's ^rossvater als "V«tter" ein-elaOen? Kbers war ein Vetter ersten Orades
von i-eyerbeor. Also wieder eine sagenhaft verhchlelerte Verbindung, Nach einer
anderen Veraion war ea nicht rolly's ^rcssvater Ilirschfeld, .sondern ihr Onkel
Michael Moses (der uebrigena auchein V-tter seiner Frau Fromet Oohn g wesen sein
^uer heute ::enuga ^^achdem i-^u den Stammbaum studiert haat, sende uir
alle Kra^^n, ich bin da d^.r einzii.^ Zuataendigea ^'*it herzlichsten Gruassen
Margot Jonas
Seefeldstrasse 32
8008 Zürich
Zürich, den 12. April I971.
(
Sehr geehrter Herr Richter,
Sie werden erstaunt sein, von mir ein paar Zeilen zu
erhalten. Tatsächlich wollte ich Ihnen abe? schon vo?
zwei Jahren schreiben, und ich hatte damals schon dieses
Kuvert an Sie vorbereitet. - Die liebe, gute, alte
Frau Kaete Cohnberg-Conitzer in Basel, die dort mit ihrer
Tochter und ihrem Schwiegersohn, Herrn Prof. Berger zu-
sammenlebt, hatte mir freundlicherweise Ihre Adresse ge-
geben. Ich hatte nämlich Gelegenheit gehabt, in Ihr be-
wundernswertes Werk, den komplizierten Stammbaum unserer
Pamilie väterlicherseits, Einblick zu nehmen, und war wirk-
lich über dieses begeistert. Dafür müssen Sie viel viel
Geduld und Zeit geopfert haben] Wie oft hatte ich seiner-
zeit meinen Vater (auch immer meine Mutter) über seine
Verwandtschaft und Abstammung gefragt, aber er wusste nicht
viel darüber, well, wie mir meine Eltern oft sagten, es
früher garnicht üblich war, dass man nach seinen Vorfahren
nachfragte und forschte. Ich weiss, dass sich mein Va-
ter, der im Grunde bestimmt gerne mehr gewusst hätte, über
dieses Werk von Ihnen riesig gefreut hätte. Leider ist er
im Jahre 19:^8 gestorben. Seit 1944 hatte er zusammen mit
meiner Mutter im Tessin, in Ascona gewohnt, wo ich meine
Eltern jeweils an den Feiertagen besuchte und wo ich mich
überglücklich fühlte, wenn auch meine Eltern sehr leidend
waren. Aber geistig waren sie hundertprozentig auf der
Hohe, ein Genuss immer, mit ihnen diskutieren zu können.
.. Nun hätte ich Sie gerne angefragt, ob es nicht nach-
träglich noch möglich wäre, mir eine Kopie - eventuell zwei
Kopien - von diesem schriftlichen Stammbaum zukommen zu
lassen, wobei ich Innen selbstverständlich die Ihnen ent-
stehenden Unkosten vergüten würde.
Mich kennen Sie nicht. Ich bin das dritte Kind der
Eltern Jonas- Schaupp, heute 59 Jahre alt. Ich lege hier
zwei Zufallsphotos bei. - Ich weiss nun auch nicht recht
ob und wie wir, Sie und ich, miteinander verwandt sind'?'?'?^
Kommen Sie eventuell einmal nach Zürich??? Das wäre wilri- "
derbar gewesen, und ich hätte mich riesig gefreut. Dann
hatten wir uns über viele viele viele Dinge unterhalten
können. - Meine Bitte eilt nicht, und könnte sie
nicht erfüllt werden, hätte ich Verständnis dafür. Vielleicht
höre ich aber einmal etwas von Ihnen.
Inzwischen sende ich Ihnen recht freundliche Grüsse
und beste Wünsche aus dem leider sooooo weit entfernten
Abendland.
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JOHN HENRY RICHTER
8. Ma«rs 1
U36 EMt P«rk Plao«, Jom Ärb«r, Mlchlgaa ^104
^
Ll«b« TMt« D»reh*ii}
«-*< ,^ *vi V I^*»«" ll«b«n Brl«f «It d«r traurigen Nachricht habe ich artialtan
S?n^ i:^L?:'!:! l«^«*«- 1^;»>*° e^^-l» d«r Jonas und Conltzer F.,lHe lu g^sS-
iJifiSTw!!^ J v^ ■^f'u.?*'*' ■••** 80Tl«l.n Monaten schwerer Krankheiten (vin d,r
rlch?^;n^:i" :w'^"H''i] Tk**. '^S "**" "•*"■ "« Eintreffe» einer^lih:" nIL
richt «nnehaen - aber ria« denkt doch nie daran und wartet nur auf gute Nachrichten.
v.„„ ^.. ,, n, , Auch leh trauere alt Dir um elaea wundervollen, inner frwwdliehea
Na.en ron entfernt-Verwandten. Jena, bedeutet. Frankfürt ^ S«- Mer u^JeUt !o l^h
halt hatten, die Blutsverwandten ihrer Eltern so besuchen su kee^ren wie ich •« t^f
^rL' äS'fu:? !?r;/j'''; -r "^^ ■•''' '"^"^«' ^- Ku.atTerunJ'RiS/SeJ'nle
gerug Zelt fuer -nlch finden kennte, und Kinder wirklich liebte - die Generation selbst
Ist ebense dahingegangen wie ihr lebenatll, der uns heute doch n. ch v^el "slnrUcher m«J
^If'in'h^Sn?' ''" "*"^' •^^•"' '•^--^-. -^r <^irwlr wenige^"L^'::rigef e^^
1— «^.* ^ ***!"! ^""^^^* ^»^^ *'•«*» ni°*»* »«»ur so beisammen, denn die -Kinder* sind schon
leengst daran gewohnt, nur noch zum Besen urd Schiefen nach Hais zukemr-en. Jullet ist 1.
^u. ;.,:!'V^ '^^^"^ "».lbst«taerdig% d.h. sie wohnt nicht .ehr au h!^«? was taeJhln^
aus guten Gruenden und (oder werigstens meiner Frau) gen. Recht war. JetJt ist sU 22 J^^r.
alt ausgeaeichnete Studertln und wird sehen rael was - wohl mehr Ils ihr alter iaJ^
Der Herr Sehn hat .ceben eine National riarit Scholurship gewogen, IS ieLsJ drel^Jlss
•be..so ^u jcnaetzen wie wir, es wird nur an ganz Ausgel«senen High scheol StudenteHirgeben
tll'vr^ f ?,!M"**^ ungewöhnlich -begabt". Wir lassen uns ja nun rieht voelHg Sn- '
rCIhr^rh.?! TJh \i^ -^^r«»* -°°»» ^^^^' Aber freuen tun wlid uns doch schon. ^r\dM
(wahrscheinlich I)ra»i studieren, denn er hat es nit de» Theater. Jullet studiert bTbllI«h^
Hebree seh und Ara»aeisch und hefasst -leh mU den Zivilisationen de. i Lhen OstL^ M^f
wenigstens wsa besseres als -Englisch-, was n1er sonst fast h4eder Studiert we"l^*J^M«hfJ
anders derken kann. Dabei keennen sie weder Englisch lesen n*ch richtig sc -ritbin!!. *'
behllf^ti*!;?^ rifA^'^^^'I*"' '^*" ^^"* ^^^"^ "^ Schwlepertoechter sams^t ri.chwjch. Dir
^ohn« kl^I^J.?? r ^'"•H^r«*!^«»; «»«^^ Washington »ag ,s .Ich schon zu« umziehen zu
liu^t wTJtc Ihr^."^ ^''^V' "^ l '°"' '" ^■^■^^^- ^"* •'- «^"»^ unanger-eh« helsrund
feucnt w.e NYC. Aber su. Besuch wuerde ich sehen mal dahingehen, es wird Dir wohltun.
-«h M^'? I;**^~ ^l"^^ ^*^"* "*^*'' ^'-^ ''"^"^ '^»^ ioh wohl ksu» ueberreden, mit m r
JJtSen^lchJ'^r^ht'"::: Seounar «der ,ar neechsten. Man nap es n'cht glauben, 'ab;; IZ
W er Zl^Lll dt^' T^^rV^^: !° "° ^''^ ^'^^ ""-^ ■^'*« '^•^^ ''•hen, 1. verganeenen7ahr
^^.i J J?? ri r ^'■^'v''" ^** *^ "'^** eafllon, und er hat auJh ein oder zwei 1
jit^rdU vltti™'^!?:;;^ Z?'""^*; ^•'"•'*°'* •'• »^^^ " ^«^^ •^«" ••»>'• ^•^°- ^» N?J wehner
vir Mns (n?. Ja,^??^.!!?! nT •'; JJ*,^"" «"«^^ R«"» «1 kennenlernen eechten. Bisher haben '
Xlen Re 'en^^ ;Ln L? ll*"^^ ■•'•ten keennen. Ruth hat zwar auch Ferien, nach den^
▼ eJon Reisen zun rfespltal -oecht sie nur ml gern woanders hin, z.B. Cal-fomia wo ^rJd.
ifh !. ^'^•k''*" ^"! »'• «lolud. Also so schneU sehen wir un. nicht wieder T^n^fltchTSie
n .SneT ft tC;;;; sLi?n:''?\r\*'"r •'«•"• ^^Wothek h. be und renchaefU^S^Re 'r
in meiner jet/tlgen Stellung riicht notwenig »Ind. ^
n * ♦ u f •■ ?*^°''' Schw.8Ur7 Kannst Du mir ncch Irgwidetwa« ueber Rudl's
l«t«te Monate er«.eh an? Was f^.er Einzelheiten brachte denn der Junge Mann von dem Ich
(ver «wan.l( Jahre.!) von Feudi beerte, er wellte ihn und «einen Bruder ad.ptiereJ^
Hast Du seine Addresse? Wenn Ja, sende sie d ch l^itU.
^ « !*/!'^*° Y*r 3»nK»«n »^ "Ueberlebenden". Ich habe mich Inner pewehrt. 50 «u ^^en
und J.tat fange !oh an. es als -notwendig- anzusehen. Ich renne nicht «ehr, geheJ b^S
«ich sch n auch dorthin, w. ich ningehen will. Ich lasse die -rush hour« dJn Kllde«.
.Ü;^/''! ^reissf Jahre Im angeblichen A«erlkanlschen P-radles haben »Ich nicht uebej-
seugt, das. es sich wir Uch lehnt, von einem Matt zum naecnsten zu rennen. Wer braucht
schon e'nen ITsraanfall su se nee 40. GebxurtsUg? Ich nich.
Was «acht denn eigentlich Dein« Neffe WllU.« und seine T ohter? Von d'eser Familie
h ere Ich rie. doch denke ich schon, dass die leelatie« frueherer Jahre wohl Jetat endlich
z.^,T.\r ^T^Adit'::!^ ' ""' -" "-» '•^™--*' "«* -„u.n.Lrr^*
Dabei faellt mir ein, zu fragen, ob Du ueberhaupt mal etwas von ludwlg'e Vlttwe
gen <er»t hast. Ver e'nigen Jahren kerrespmdlerte ich mit ihr recht lebhaft, denn wir wolL
irilirr;!**?' ?'f 'J^! i^***"^«"» ^^* «^«^ ^ Privatbesitz befinden, aufz.findin, sodass rt
Israel rab «an ihm eine Gedaaehtnisausstellung, die recht eindrucksvoll war, doch zaehU man
nl ::;^'^"Vi'*" l*^«'?*"/^"»^ »« -.sei«illert-war) nicht zu den fuehrende« ^er eVn!
Ich'e^ n^^^ii'"' " T*"^'"; ^*-J«^»*«^« i°h ««hon. In V.-ashingfn beengt eine sehr
sohcene n-rstellung v n Jerusalem u^ber de« chrAlbtlsch des Botschafter. (Ich habe
eine Krpie des Fnde.).Es ist ens der zwei P.ader die 1939 1« der Weltausstellung 1«
/ÜtTII '^'^ i?" !"^'": *" *"^*'* ^^^^ "^^ ^ ^•*^^» *ä«^ Zionistischen Crgsnizafon
iJ!r ^;^h';^4n T*r '^Sff^ »'^»*: ^^^ "«» i°h verbuchten n.ch, genaues .u erfahren,
aber nach 25-30 J.hren ist das nicht Br einfach. Aussderrr hatte sc einbar niemand recJrds.
7 4*^ Liebes Derchen, schreib rir nun doch mal wieder. Jetst hast Du ja (leider) «ehr
Mlr>i-*' i\ ««Ibst, se moechte Ich schon gerne m weiter (und enger" mit Dir in Verbindung
bleiben. Ein grosser Schreiber ist keiner der C^nltzers gewesen, also auch leb nicht aber
ab und zu aallten wir doch "Briefe austauschen". ' '
Heine Innigsten G
und besten Vuensche
Dein
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JüIKJ IIKKRY aiCHT^lR
Vf3(-> "ust Park 1-lace, Af.N ARÜCH, .ilCHIGA'J tfilO«»
kugyiat 18, 1972
Meine lieb« Tante viria, liober uni:el Oec -r?
Eure liebon Briefe habe ich :;oeben erhalten, idt le r trauriren und den
puten %chrichten; ac i^t nm nal des ^ennchen .>chick::jal, und ich fuohle mich
da auch v/ie er etwan mehr aVcin und als »'Überlebender'^ beson er« wcilddocli
Hudi -nehr r:ur:aengTich .nd 6f t -rs ein BeQuc^-or bei unc als ünkel Ludwig - fuer
mich oi;on ein ^eil der "/amilie^* war, in der ich aufv/uchs. ^ie icli wie-er nal
vor kur -em einem dleoor ior in^^reborenen er Taerto, ict lau ochworjte am .xil'»
nie t die ^/Ooen eit von ei?ier lei at -dlo bei ^ahre inh^ üc^on icht iiohr
exiGtiertc- öon 'orr: viel aehr die To^i^en Entfernungen ziwechen den uns Gebliebenen
^e-v;aridten und rr-euncicn. Ich ;:ann ©Ar vorlae .;ic nicht nal en -edanken lüiijten,
mit der ^'amiTie nac i IJew York zu ;:on. en, mq nCiOn nclito anderen we.enG alj dacs
die r.indor doch wenirctenc oi' i. e dcr"»alton'' - rw .uten kennonlorne-- r.ollton
bevor r^io nolbrjt -a ilien - enden und dann a ch wieder keine^oit • aben^ A oo
b eibt bitte rocht pecund :;nd worLet ch xk ein vmnir, es wir cc'.on noch eine
CJelerenhoit kor. on (ho^^ en kootet j.- niclit viel und uiacht einen rroh)^
fiittlerweiae seid l'.:r aelbnt ^atriarclien eworden und ich k: nn \ir üc n
de-iken da;: o die "i enoionierun.^* den sein -oben 1 m^ r-n^ri-en v-nkel n c!it anz
pasr>t. Verdient hast ^-u en A-eberubb rA ev;i ::, aber ic kann rir n cht ans
voretell^.^n, dac> Ihr beide Jen anz ^a icru :oitzt und auf d^n Abc d v/ort^ t (wahr-
cc oin ich "oJe je.^t doch, der itz< v;e on).-- . *^übt Ihr onu intere^uante
B**cher zuli leb^n, o er p.-ür.t da^ den -^ut.en nie itV /im V h >bt i.ir ,'a vjenir ver-
loren, aber ab no zu i t es cc :c»n v/ar. .•:ehcnowuerdifeö, corar in -ow xork»
a :j.üo rian
^ch i^'inste natuerlic:i icht, da.e -.udi in *V^hariya v.ar,
ncKon da kbar, \'jGnn er von lan-et.* Leiden er oeot v;urde» -c;ic ric en nt er f.:ir
ceid <ianren nicht mehr, -el e ochter, Jetzt 2P, orinn rt i;ic . noc'-^ (v/ir lieh)
wie er ir.it ihr in ^ao inf.ton ielte. ^a iß jetzt .?- alire : .•.Incer -orr
^ '' komr.t naec ..len Donnorsta auo -^ürael zurueck, o erjÄ -och n CLue ac ^^.ene
«undrei; e nd dann h .ochen irr ^ibbur arbeitet hat (ein ^aradiec, s hoeren v#ir).
Verwandte zu becuchen hatte or ceine /iuit, er kennt ja ajch nie anden. ->a e en
irrt ihr . .ich oin weni;;: ;uth war ni- cndn^ n a:iii einen .ur-en i^enuch -u .^eunden
moochte :]otzt aber doch ^ern al -»^nrael beeuchen (.;ie ka-n sic}i*s loiL;ton, i di
noc Tiicht) Vielleicht mal 197^ O'or so. ..ea>: qc hark w r " h go ut cfaellt,
"05 er üich dort ansiedeln, WciC, mir oehr rocht ict.
Vas nit unuorn Vattcrn Britz los iet^ verstehe l€h nie it anz, i:^t ja aller-
din^Q nicit neine Vorantwortun^» lo ooe scirieb, >ie ziehen nach H#A| zurucck^
fra te ich an, warum« ^weine -mtwort» I^ie 1 rtüc aftüla/x Ar:;ontinirnö iüt etuvs
v/ic ewige ^vataötrophe» Icron moeciite doch < ern zruouc , und dierio Idioten wollen
ihn tatnaec^-lich wiedorwaelilen« ^as r^chndet zwar c- /n «Ju^^en loht (ieron^ mut;n Man
sc on öa,ea, war einer uor we 'iiivcn -^i:tatoren die nicht i^ntioeMltiiiiCi. waron) her
es becleu'iot den elctlc^^^ ^'"^ <^^©Q i-anles« --ine "r^i.c die ijon'-ler l^^ic en.
^ch ne • e a nun an^ dat;s Hone und John in I^YC keine rec e *trbeit f nden
konntoHi o'or vio' leicht eficl ihnen die ^^achbarGchaft n'c-.t ..ehr - aber das
c'ielnt :ir '-roin n^ter '^rund ^ in ein -^and zurueci::^-;- ieh#n|dac3 vor dem voelli/jen
' ^r ^ ^ ^^^ ^^k flMA ■MA ^1^ IHb
oolitiivC'en U!.'d w rtnc'iaftlichen ''xuSiäX'jruc steht, »her, v;ie ucberall auc ,
^^indc ooren nicht auf 'ie I^lterni anz wie um,^eke rt.
oehr interoGGierte 'ichi dano Du^ lieber On^^eli ' e -»ac '^*ic t lobcr ^oincn lie-
• en i^ruder von ph'raitn pernoenlich c "an en hac5t. War er in .cw VorkV -ao erzac'lt
er? Von en beiden Ju^' eno die Ku'i adaptiert ha' tc wucüte ich, aber waso aua i .ncn|
wur^'^e, wjr:r,te ic nie t, ^as wuorde ich doch intf resoie^ tn, >c ro b .ir r.al.da-
ruebor,
♦' Go den -in:^ rn nd nkel c . ;g danke? -er das rlcici.ei ohne j^^nLcel,
^" ulict vjt ihr erctes S udienja-ir interslcl'-, er5tkla::6i o tudentin, ./il;
**i«ear --aotern ^^tudies" alc ihr -aaptfeld wae -len» Da b^ auch^t xisk uie icnt ur
-ebraei-c*! (i
. ■ .'»'
M . If
i"; , öondor
.ra'dGch und v ellicht uch l*!«r iclu i-alcnt
hat ^ic, w :;, oie da':it , ac on v;il \ ':at r.ie poc 'licht c tschieden. •'as ,;leichc
' ilt fu 'V den üerrii -^o ^-^ , der nc re^klicr. uLor -tudcnt i^^t (iin letr'.ten ^ö.:r aoi-
ncr i[:h chocl), l^e*' oC"!eint die iiGcon^cha t zu 1 ie en, i:ie at v a i^^ ''»id "^io-
lo,f_;le* A>or ist e'ner von '^e::en die aJ ec ^ ut i.aclien oennen^ v/e n r;ie ::>±cr erst
mal 4n die -»acne hinein. :nion". A her seine ro r.e liebe iüt das j-heater, und
er ■•la noch a r^nde ''i' eater"o.'<. Jrania studieren, -^ubri int e>^ ■ ohr an dur
Bühne und de ^cha^'Cpieltechni]: int ^ •'„nlert (alr, -ire tor und i^ ^-^ß ..;ana er)
alü r^ai c aupL:ielv.^r-3ein, ^o xr a..ch oc t ;'.e«n, Oottrjeldon'C sind die 'oiton
vorteil jo die -Itern In indem vor^c irieb, .;e c en ^ieruf sie zu wae en hatten*
**oe^: ic er'v.e'oe at ihn der besuch in ^ racl n c and ren -^deen ^;ef eben ( ffenllic:|
Ich bin kueralich in un .er«« Tem>o|, Chief ^uhor eworden (bx deal of work,
but it ;g ue in tcuch with -.o-t nc;..ber:: of t.o Con c .tion). ni,ht. ua
recite tue Ka di.:.. I ohall onor.bcr oar food couain. Ic' erinnere Ich r.och
als er rarto ..ally In -mir: b.nuo'-.t.. - iuo« war n.:c vor -urcr ocNr.eit, al..o
uebor ^-^^ *^ahre her.
beoaer vor ei t.
Bleibt ce--^nd unil nchre bt u und zu - damit ^.c. die ..oit
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o
Mev, York city /"^y^^
den 3. Maerz, 1972»
Wein lieber Johnr
■ Vielen Dynk fuer JJeinen lieben T3rief .
Dorchcn und ich haben uns bemueht die Zeitiinp-
vom Aufbau zu bekommen, welche das Inrerat
brachte und daraus ersehen, dars die Finder
von meinem Vetter Oscar Gonitzer und seiner
Frau Jlse, geh. Herz nicht die Verwt,ndten
suchen, wie Du der Meinung warst, sondern ge-
sucht werden, wie Du ja selbst aus dem an-"
liegenden Zeitungsausschnitt ersehen wirst.
Eine Prau licie Bergen, QO Weizmanstr. , Tel
Aviv, Israel, ist auf der Suche nach den
Findern. Die \mnden die das Hitlerregime
den Juden gebracht hat, wollen nicht heilen,
und hat uns die Nachricht, d&ss die Finder
verschollen sind, diese üngewissheit ueber
ihr Schicksal auch Dorchen und mich tief
erschuettert.
Die Zeiten und politischen Verhaeltnisse
in diesem Lande lassen auch vier zu wuenschen
uebrig; wir koennen nur hoffen und beten dass
das Land sich wieder auf sich selbst besinnt.
Es tat mir leid dass Deine liebe Prau ge-
sundheitlich so schwer zu leiden hatte und muss
ich ihre Energie bevamdern.
In Deinem Schreiben fragst Du nach dem
Beruf von Herbert und ^^ranklln. Herbert hat
einen Goverriment Job (Treasury Dei^artment) , und
ist von Los Angeles nach V/ashington, D.C.,
versetzt worden. Er hat zwei schoene Boyl —
•^^^
.' f
%=
Paul ist zehn Jahre alt mid Stuart acht Jähre.
Prsnklin ist Assistant Professor, Dr. Phil,
an der lon^^ Island üniversity. Er liesst En^lish,
ürban and Amerioan History. Er moechte gern aus
New York heraus. Vielleic^-t waere es moefrlich
dass er in Ann Arhor etwas finden koennte.
Schreibe uns bald, rrit vielen Gruessen
und besten Wuen sehen,
Dein Onkel
1
/.
<^<:^<^^z^
J
Nev Y03-kcity
den 3. Februar, 1972.
(
o
Lieb-r Hans imä Alle:
Der Ib. Oscar hat mir alle P euip-keiten^
weggeschnappt urd bleibt nicht viel' uebrig was
ich noch berichten kann. Wir haben uns wie im-
mer ueber Deinen ausfuehrlichen "Brief sehr ge-
freut. Nur tut es mie so leid dass Du, Ih. Ruth
nicht wohl fuehlst. Tn Buropa gibt es; soviele
v/underbrre Badeorte und wird es Dir dort sehr
gut tun, sodass Du nach hier "as good as new"
zurueckkommst .
Es if^t so traurig dass man die BTinder von
Oscor Conitzer nicht lochten kann. Hast Du
an Harry Conitzer geschrieben?
Von Guatemala (Hannahrund Ernst) hatten
P.rief — sie wollen diesen Somjner hierher kom-
men. Es waere sehr schoen, wenn Du dann, auch
hier sein koenntest. Was machen Euere beiden
Ib. Kinder? Frank hat ?^wei suesse, liebe
Boys und machen sie uns viel Freude. Ostern
wollen Herbert und Familie kommen. Die beiden
Boys Paul und Stuart sind "handsome und smart"
vmd sind wir sehr stolz auf sie. I^rh glaube
Dir schon geschrieben zu haben, dass Rosita und
Hans und vier Kinder wieder zurueck nach Buenos
Aires sind. Hoffentlich geht es ihnen ^:ut dort.
Das Wetter ist jetzt selir imbestaendif^ hier;
wir hatten einige Tage richtiges Fruehi ingswetter
und jetzt haben wir Gewitter und Regen. Es ist
eben doch noch Winter aber "es muss doch Frueh-
ling werden. •''
Nim habe aber eine gsny.e Fep^illah doch
geschrieben, so nehmt alles Gute
herzlichst,
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.^uü2^,(U^ . l/--^
f
JOHN HfiKRY RICHTEfi
1^56 Ka«t Park Place, Ann Arbor, ' ichl^ja« kBlök
Llab« Tante Doreien, lieber Onkel Oaeart
I
V^elch eint ^Veude^ eo sehatll • nach dta Vtrspreehem elats aus«»
fu«hrllch«n 3ri#f«i-. dtss^lben zu erhalten , und mit •ovielen neu#a ^»achrichten^
wenngleich auch nicht alle erfreulich*
D«88 Ottkel ^ritz schon ira vortt^n April starb, wusste ich nicht ,
uid Tante Heta schrieb mir auch nicht , denn naci all diesen Jahren ohee Verbindung
hat sie gewiss nicht nehr xeine Addresse (die seit 195>9 dieselbe ist)i>— • ^ch
wusste auch nicht dass er lange krank war, sodass wohl das ^sde eine Erlösung
fuer iha war. As -^ante Heta werde ich aber doch bal schreiben, wenn auch ver-
spaetcterweise, ohne es vercchuldet zu haben*— »
^:iur Geburt des vierter, i^akelsohmes unsere besten ^^uensche* Lawrence
ist ^*o* ^93 auf der i^aailientafel der Conitzere, und No. 362 auf der der Cohns*
Waö sich laua r.it den Kisesfardlien .eines Vaters (Belsseri fast 1200) und meines
Äuetterlichen Grossvaters (oegall, ebenfalls fast 1200) vergleichen laeast | aber
natuerlich fuer die liebenden ^^ijLnz ^; eichgueltig sein kann* Deren Ur^oGseltern-
Generation matten eben mehr üec:chwister als die andere a, und alle dieser Geschwister
waren nmnr grosse Kinderfreuade, Ausserder/i lebten sie r??eist auf dem Lande und
liebten rosse Familien - dessen Abwesenheit wir iieute it i-^echt aehr ven^iissen«
A^ler in Michigan sind wir vier auch ranz allein» und in eini^n Jahren
sind auch die ''aelteren" Verwandten, eben die die ich von meiner Jugend her kannte,
verstorben oder voellig ver^ciwunden -mit den i^eiaten haben ich auch sc jetzt schon
keine Verbind »g. Die "Kinder*' kennen kau« Jemanden, doch unsere iocater, Juliet,
die naechste ^voche 21 Jahre alt wird, erinnert eich des ^esuchej von Hudi (1952) ,
in ^vashington, also fast 20 o'ahre vorher • ölo was sie vorgestern i,e.:acht hat kann
sie sich nicht lehr r.enau erinnern, ^anz wie alle .iunren *^inr:er.
Sie ist ein sh<*>r p:uter -^^tudent an der nie»igeii ^niversitaet und hat
ihre besten Leistungen iis Hebraeißchen - was sie frueher nicht antasten wollte.
i>a sieht man wieder, was die .weiten uns antun, Mark, 16 1/2, ist erst classic in
seinen Studien (wie ja auch seine auetterliche Grossmutter war, Eischen war iamer
No^ 1) und p^^anz anders als sein Vater, der fuer seine -rjten A und B Grade sehr arbei
ten urusste, -^er üerr John sieht fcust kein Buch an und ko::imt aus alle» ^xamenschlacht
ols Sieger hervor, *^o erö her lat'i* i^atuerlich von -meiner i utter, die auch einen
besseren Kopf als ihr Mann hat, ^»ag «acht man da,s v;enn aas, wie icn, «it £>oviel
Begabung und so wenig Geld umgeben ist?
i
Wen» es wirklich sich machen laesst, v^ird Mark In Sommer sieben Locher
in Israel '^studieren", riine dieser .Itudien-und Touristen Keisen die besonders fuer
Hochf chUler arrangieet werden, umtk mit einigen lochen richtiger Arbeit in einea
Kibbuz, i^as wird de« Herrn Sohn nichts schalen, denn Israel ist das einaifje Land,
fuer das es sich lohnt, sein Leben einzusetzen« Das scheint ihm mehr undmehr ein-
zuleuchten, besonders da er ueberzeugter Pazifist ist, der entschloi^sen ist, keinen
Welurdiettst abzulegen. Da hat er sieine 'Zusage, doch muss er sich der Fol^^eft
bewusst sein. Dies hat uebrigens nicht jo viel i*^it der ^Vieg in Vit«t ^Viae zu tua
wie mit seiner religioesen Ueberzeugung dasc aa Jede Art, ^ensc ^en zu to.teni Mord
ist, und des^'ialb verboten, etc. Ich bin da nicht anz so dorjmatißch, Ui^ nur an
-^ich .aan zu denken, es gibt Verbrechen, fuer die das Todesurteil die einzige ü^rech*
tigkeit ist. In bestimmter Hinsicht scheinen r?iir die -Pazifisten eben zu weit zu
gehen, ebenso wie die Leute, die alle rodesstrafen abschaffen wollen,—
(
»
Ich kaa» uir <l»nk«B, dasa •• 2u«h beid«» .«hr li.b i.t, dasa Harbert wi.dar
etwaa «5h«r ko «t , dena Loa Aagalaa iat nuoaal reichlich weit von MC, und nach
alle«, waa ich dort ^aaa an habe, nicht ^ada meine Idea daa xaradiea (Caraal.
«uedlich von oan .rancisco. ist n e er de« Faradiao wo aaa p-arn leben oechtel
aber a «ich nicht laiaten kann), *
n.H !üJl!!** f^u^u"^!^» *" Koerafi, da a Euch iiure «M« -ahBung gafaallt, Aussicht
und ..achbar«. Ich hatte mir schon fruehar Andacht, dasa Du, lieber Onkel, ja doch
■al den Laden zu machen wollttat. aber nicht, da^a ^u es tatsSchlich Cber da«
biöliache alter hinaue daa Geschäft«« aufrechterhalten wuerdest.
Daaoich nach 30 Jahren "endlich" an meine Jonae-V^rwandten an einer anderen
Hddresioe ala Jaroaa Avenue schreibe« wuerde aatte ich eigentlich erwarten sollen,
aber axe^;anz "planaMaalg," ^» ist Ja nicht nur die Nachbarschaft, ochlieaalich
werden die jetzt ar«en iurto-.<icaaa auch wal ^dtgliader dersalbaa Kittelklacee
dar -ure uuadan bisher ange oerten, und dann auch nicht nur 1 elze brauchen, sondern
sie Sien aucü leiste« koennen. All rdlaga kann ich einsehen, dass Ihr nicht darauf
wareten ■ icoennt, ^aa Irauri-e an der "i^aosensituation" i« Lew iork iat doch daes
heute die Meueinwanderer" dieselben Vorurteile u«d Gehaessigkeit erleiden muesaaa
wie di« Ost Juden nnfaMg des Jahrhunderts, als sie zu lauoendaa in dia 3ro«x zoren,
od«r die SQ^ekak««« gut-katholiache Iren i« 19. Jahrhundert, i-atuerllch veratehaa
«le Braunen" dia ^^.atwicklung der Jude« ebensowenig wie es die Schwarzen verstehen ,
vas «aa ja in Brownsvilla zur vJ^nuega studieren kann, «an aoachta ja aur wuenachan.
daaa die "as8i.-siliertan"Juden, die von der Broax nach VJeatchestar und anderen schoene
Wohnorten zogen, etwas -sehr Verstaendnia fuer die Not der sogenannten "Unterprivi-
lagierten" zeigen wuarden. Der Protest der (juedischea) Hausbesitzer -eren die
^rrichtuag von sher notwanidige« «i^ohahaeuaern h durch den Jtaat i^ew ^ork ist besonder
traurig, dena as begruendet iak aich auf dAasalben Ratiseahass daa dia Juden seibat
au8G«satzt waren - und daa oefteren wieder auageaetzt si«d. Was eben nur bezeugt,
daaa .„an dein itaasenproble« (ebensowenig wie dea Heligionsprcblem) nicht entkommen
kann^ Inda« «an in die Vororte fluachtet, i'as lerit ii-an auch aier, in i^atrolt,
und das x^ehrgeld koomt sehr hoch. All die schoanaa iredirtea uad all die ac oena«
Vorsaetzc der negier ung helfen da x« nicht, bis das Gesetz wirklich kraeftig enfor-
ciert wird, Un'i daran hapert es auch aochfc, Amerika ict also noch iaaer nicht
daa Land wo alle gleich und sleic'aberec :ti,st sind, und ein wirklicher :^chaelztiegal
ist es eben nur fuer die Angehoeri-en der "weissen Haaaa" ^ewes^en - und v/ean sie
Ju en waren, hat ran da äuch vcr.ic iadentlich ^«denken gehabt.
Ich hoffa aber, da.is es wani gatena iiuch moeglibh eaind wird. Eure
verdienten Lebensabend -nd '^uheataad in .^rioderi ';e?ii'ȧsen au '^aannen, Lei
ich nich davön nicht in diesa-n Jahr ueberzauge, wie ich ea vorerst wollte,
ich soeben aeine langjaehrige Stellua,- als Bibliothekar einer Bibliothek .:-uf;„b, u«d
jetzt an der Universltaetsbibliothak direkt (in e ner anderen iof;ition) ar.)eiten war-
da - welche :iir wahrao eialich wenig >^elegen«heit sun Heisaa gebe« wird, :;nr .^echaal
war aus finanziellen -^ruanlen noetig, da «eine "3rotgeber" -ine selbct.^tuöndi -e
Bibliothek sich reicht laehr leisten konnten. Dia -iazelheiten siad zu aua^.edehat um
sie zu erzaehlen, aber daa h-nde ist eben dass ich den 'cchsel nicht ganz unerwuenscht
finde (an hat aich beraueht, nir eine gute Position zu i;eben, obwohl die Bibliothek
selbst wenig kk««x Vakanzen t) und ich nua <ieit habe, PlSnc für die -Zukunft zu
aaciien. Doch ein deauch in ii«w York ist da vorlaeufig noch nicht eiBi-Ci-chlosaen,
< *^ mm
da
.1-
kann
t
-V
^
I notle#4| in readiag yo
WKAT ^Wbert and FrÄiiklijKar©
WIIII0 Jonas I who was
livt? .Vel . I oaa
ut hin from
•ay anything a^ out
, and also you did not mtatiom
heard about hia« ^h^r« does ha
r^i'I*r> ■%
-3-
^•^ r*
l
Ihr schreibt mir nichts u«ber die berufliche Taetigkcit ^uror "erren üoehne.
waa alch loch auch interessiert. Ist /raaklin (oder war eo ilerbort) noch i^ '
vnli;;;i?r*?*J <Jo «i« ^loedea .'ort. io Sngliachen iat es auch nicht viel sinn-
voller)? schreibt «»1 darueber. wenn Ihr :^eit habt. Jet^it laea.t ea oich ia
euer wal .acaen,
Meine Frau arbeitet, wenn sie mich nicht ausschimpft, was sie beides sehr
gut tun kann. Die Arne war ja nochmals (im Oktober) i« ^ankenhau«, um ihr
i^iverticulu« ,d.h. ihren Dar« verkueraen zu lasse::, ua die otelle, die r^urch die
vor ja.hrige -ntzutndung angeöriffen wurde, herauanehaen au lassen, ^'aat -i-- ia
dann auch recht auater und einfach. Aber sieh hatte ..'eiter ün ,=.lle paar v.'oc'"-4
»cÄMeraen, eben in der ,e ;end der alten Bruchoperationsnarbe, und die Oelc'hrtca
ierr« i.»o ..toren kenn ton ßich nicht vorstellen, was es de.m bloß aein koeant-..
Dann hat man aber doch -nde Deaeaber aal "nachlese .en", d.h. die .*arbe wu-'«
etwas auf jeweitert, und die innere ^e^end haeher beleuchtet« i.an fand, was a«a
•igentlich haette erwarten sollen, zwei Sutures, die eben nicht sich planmaesei»
aufgeloest hatten (nach der I967 ^uchoperat on). Sowas kann «atuerlioh "ewiir"
die alte ^uch;,^ge«« Infla-aieren, wae -s auch lier und da tat, und «an ist dann
von der ^»riaianz der Herrn Chirurgen etwas weniger begeistert — denn daran
haetten sie schon viel eher »ienken sollen. Mit mttibiotica laesst sich dieae
aorte otoerung eben acht beroinipen (wie es eioh der eine "err i^r. dachte - ohne
iimn wxrtlichea iJtoerunjjöt rund srenau au kennen),
Jetzt hat -iuth.alao die hoffendlich lebete Operation hinter sich, ist
wiecer an der Arbeit, hat* groase Zukunft ,,l**ae (weiter^ü jtudiua, ua nedical
researc.a assistant zu .werden), u.a. auch a ne riuropareise , die Ich ihr herzlich
goenn*. .ar habea aeid Jahren keine richtigen Ferien gehabt, und wie es kso ist.
wird aie eine Heise (allein) viel mehr becrueosen als eine solche zu zweien -
ausserdem uss ich jetzt '^ine /eile der sitzen, bi:^ ich In einer neuen ütellun
^rund und Boden gefaaat hnbe. UoUte es nicb nicht a s Ualtbar herausstelle«,
}»«be ich wenit/eteua /ieit, f3lch an etwas passendere« uazusehen, wohl aber noch nie
in die •« Uahr, flenn Ue i^xon Depression hat tm cneittea Beruf besoadera achMaa
euf-erichtetj ea ^ibt faat keine Vakanzen, Hibllothekare ohne otellua^^n ibt es
genuei>end.
l
ÖjU
,f-
>>
^ r
moi
)
- — » J
**
V
J
jr
Üü ^f !J^!'f*'*^f* '^•«c^'ic-t« Jto«-»t nun noch toh Israel, der ich eben nach
fSmuld^n lif '^•J°%^-o— ^^«^'""r^ »^-be. I. .November 1971 «rachlen i^
^LuL v^« p'N'^^'^S ^^* \°^ ^«^ i^'^1 «t'tig lea.) eine ouchanzeig«, nach Ver-
5!i'b!Lr Zf "? J-^»«l°'-« ^onltzer (die <l»der ron Deinem V.tL; Ucar !n
^^ir^Tf L/ f ""^^"^ ff'^'t'^ "^ '^^ «^^^ :e.-ehel»e Aidrease, scheinbar eine
Ki!L^ nf «J<^f r%"."?n,*r] ''•*•'• ^'^ :>uis^ur,: kannte. -» helsat. dass die
wurd^'-W !nJt'" ^^^^ deportiert wurden, in Polen lebe« sollen. ü„d zwar
.Zt / .fu * "*'''' '''^ »ehrcren Jahren vom HIGrJH in 'iuenos Aires -eeucht
aber natuerlich nicht .-efunden. ..wsucnT;,
Huhestanriebt''^ 1^'"°"^^;\^^* » ^^f*»'^* «" ^^«r'y 2" schreiben, der ja in -oadon i.
«ir^o^isci Di/^ uebllc. antwortete er nicht. Aber die ^«nze ^.ch« scheint
«ir ä^onisch, t-ie minder, we Istens. Paul, wuerden sich vielleicht erinnern
Hole.' ': "'n^lfrf :i \: '"'''^' .'•'*• -^^^ ''^''•'^ '^^^ Ju.,linch.n Uilfave;:;;«
koen°.n a l^J« V ^, ! "" ^r^^^ ^"^ ^" ^^^ '^^•^"" *^"* Verbindung hersteller
llll'nn'^ l'i) V^rbxnd.nge wurde zu hunderten durch d4e Aufbau^mzei^en awicche
lllLT^, ^^? >"^"^ f * lanjTsam abnahmen) her.^estellt. Alle Conitzers (uu- el
da«s r.tehe .-.,ch in -arael Ut noc". eine Deiner Cousinen (Margot Laa^e lebt noch"
H.'lde C.. inre ochvester. starb vor einige Jahren. Hargot schreibt auch icht!
Oßcar'a Mnd^Jin'*^^^/*'^ ^''*'*'* WauaKU finden, wa >n ur.d wo die -ac .rieht von '
Tm /, , -Wkaa. ua waere ein wahre, .under. iaul w«ere Ja J'ttzt 45
1« «^ • Z**^" ^"''''* ""•'•^ ^^°^ *'^*"^« uBwa :reclieinlich an, aber wunder s-eac eher
Ki.d!^ „/fT! JoL**^*"' Tere:iienetadt deportiert, .eberleote faot alle ihre
vir^tl^h !* 19^ t> nach -antiago ua. wo aie i« f riechen Alter von 9i> oder
verstarb. i>s kommt also doch vor.
so
Von d#n anderen Gonitzcrs hoere ich wenig, -ie werben ja auch nicht
enger» und die i'^nkelkinder v/er.l n l3«r«« v^f t. , «.i m,,-.^.*.-.«. n *
(^r^n lausa« Vat r unci Huetter. I^cran muss
' >« ^ ' v/
und '!ar? l^t ?"% f ^f^""^ '^•^^^«* ^'^ ^L ^^»^ •^'«''^ I6 1/?, wie ich schon aa'te,
18t et paar -.entiaeter ^Tcc^ser alc ich, und ich bin r .-«al "mittel roes").
ruer^/a?'^'o"noo°'TN^' J°Ü «*''*\"«^ »'^i'^« bringen, fl os «.ht« jetzt nicht. Ihr
werdet lil "°J'"/"^'„i"'^''* ^'•^^•'- l'b«". « «»««s ihx* noch -^le^enehoit ; ben
a«^?«^:« •"?^?^ ''''^ '•?-^^-'*" "^ t>ew.Bdern. üia da ._n .ann ich nur u^l ;>ilder
^uf der u.:Jri • T^ ""^l:''"' '^^'^'^ '^^"«^ ^^^••^°» «^^ '^*'«^«*« ***• «oeglicherweL
Ihf -^L^ 'f !' "^^^J vor..prec:en, jedenfalls de .ke ich daran, und ich ward
wohnen, sinu ja doch weiteren unsere "allernaechoten- "erwaadten in -sierika.
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R.84
. St.
113
1154
101
1000
199
587
530
Utffl. 1853
413 Bay.
620
713
370
f«. 890
680
1143
1323
282
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MiaKMMdMMMiMMMAMMMMHMIb'A •«.<
RJf^: DIE JUEDISCHEN GEFALLENEN, 1914-1918. 3rd ed. .1933.
• m
377
PROVINZ POSEN
Name
Oebartidatum
Oabnrtfort
Todestag
Truppenteil und
Ijlenitgrad
Verlust-
meldaDg
Arsenau
Alsdiwang, Leo
Chaskel, Cäsar
Hirschberg, Gustav
Schwedenberg, Sam
Betitschen
Brandes, Leo
Lewy, Georg
Bromberg
Brilles, Herb.
Crohn, Hermann
Erb, Max
Freimann, Georg
Heimann, Isidor
Hirsdi, Ernst
Hirschberg, Eridi
Israel, Hermann
Jakob, Jacob
Joelsohn, Hugo
Jonas, Wilhelm^
Joseph, Max
Levy, Richard
Lewin, Karl
London, Fritz
Markus, Siegfried
Budsln
Hirsch, Gustav
Buk
Herzfeld, Hans
Crone a. Br.
Alexander, Siegb.
loseph, Georg
Joseph, Herbert
Lazarus, Sally
Czarnikau
Salinger, Max
* 2. 6.65 Argenau
30. 8.97 Argenau
5. 10. 92 Königsberg
8. 8. 79 Gr. Strehlitz
30. 8.17 4/1. R. 425
IL 11. 16 5/1. R. 54
10. 8.18 3/R.Felda.R. 17
4. 8.16 7/R.LR.216
1898
708
1249
642
14.11.82 Oberaula
8. 5.98 Bentsdien
24.11.14 4/R.LR.226
1.12.17 2.M.G./LR.50
178
1034
7. 8.93 Bromberg
20. 6.96 Bromberg
16. 8.99 Fordon
5. 10. 91 Sdiwetz
16. 1.92 Schwedenhöbe
18. 9.90 Labischin
11.11.93 Bromberg
22. 5.90 Fordon
11.11.86 Fordon
11. 4.90 Stieglitz
4. 2.94 Bromberg
23. 9.96 Wirsitz
30.11.95 Culm
10. 5.90 Esperance/
Landsberg
28. 1.89 Mogilno
21. 4.97 Bromberg
22. 9.17
8. 6.17
8. 8.18
2.11.14
6. 1.15
6.15
7.18
5.
21.
2.
27.
13.
5/Felda. R. 241 Utffz.
2/Felda. R. 600
Arm. Bti. 161
2/L R. 14
7/L R. 149
10/R. L R. 223
1001
671
123i
134
270
5.17
6.16
7.16
verm. 25.
8. 3.16
G. 1 10.
3L 1.15
San. Kp. 607 Feldhilfsarzt 1268
9/Felda. R. 30 860
2/R. L R. 209 578
1/Felda. R. 53 1232
9. 15 5/Felda. R. 100 Gftr. 516
Min. WerL Kp. 21 514
1.20 1 /LR. 449 Gftr. 1962
12/1. R. 14 195
2.12.14 10/1. R. 14 Utffz. 127
2. 4.18 2/M. G. Sdharfsdi. Abt 38 1269
29. 6.93 Kolmar
20.10.14 8/1. R. 49
171
20. 12. 85 Buk
14.10.14 9/R.1.R.227
112
12. 9.92 Crone
1. 9.93 Crone
15. 1.92 Crone
24. 12. 97 Crone
3. 2.15 5/Felda. R. 53
15. 5.17 3/Fclda. R. 266 Utffz
21.11.17 9/1. Ga.R.R. Utffz.
29. 4.18 3. M. G7L R. 449 Gftr.
152
849
1145
1177
27. 12. 99 Czarnikau
a. 4.18 7/Felda.R.39
1159
I
^i
W
Ulhcih
i:
i::
\
1
li
i:
f!'
mi^mmmimimmmmmm
mimmiifSmlmimmm:
tnt^'~r- -—— <t
'<*^('<MfMPM«l
u
(
jowas
(killed in action 1915)
A post Card was given to me by my aunt Wally Conitfcer, which was appareritly
brotner l^iLHü^. JOi^^b, as copied by me (below . The pstcard itself has aged
inforir ' ^' ^llegibility and has been discarded, being of no other I^
mformatory value. (the original carried all abbreviations, here
wirtten out in füll)
WILHbLiJ JONAS
KriegsfreiwilligK-Einjaehrig-Gefreiter
Feld-Artillerie Regiment No, 100,
5. Batterie
(gefallen) am 23. September 1915,
vormitta)5s 9^ Uhr
in der Champagne
350 M(eter) suedlich der Strasse
Sonain-Tanure
ungefaehr 3^ km westlich von Tahure
f)
7^/>/ A'^4A/
ohn Hen^ Richter
Ann Arbor, Mich., 9-29-1960.
/First Class)
(volunteer,"One-Year", Private
Field Artillery Regt, 100
5th Battery
killed in action 25 Sep.1915
9:30 Alvl
in the Champagne,
350 Meters south of the road
Sonain-Tahure
about 3i kilometers West of
Tahiare.
o
iffll und
Vorlimt-
'«.TäiI
mrltiiinjf
14
423
16
113
11 I. R. 84
1154
'Otffz.
101
s
1000
Offz. St.
199
•9
587
530
•. 187
700
li. 60 UtfTz.
1833
.140
413 Bay.
620
•
713
»
370
> Utffz.
890
680
1143
1325
6
282
Ia.R.43 Utffz. 89
^ 887
1310
"tr.
906
no
1872
. 168
508
1132
620
:^6
1379
R.77
1374
Utffz.
246
1693
PROVINZ POSEN
Name
GehurtHilntuiu
Oeburtsort
TüdcHtng
Truppenteil und
DionstKrad
Argenau
Alsdiwaog, Leo
Chnskol, Cnsnr
Hirsdiberg, Gustav
Schwedenberg, Sam
Bentschen
Brandes, Leo
Lewy, Georg
ßromberg
ßrillcs, Herb.
Crohn, llermano
Erb, Max
r'reimann, Georg
Heininnn, Isidor
Hirsdi, Ernst
Hirsdiberg, Eridi
Israel, Hermann
Jakob, Jacob
Joelsohn, Hugo
onas, NVi Ihelm
oseph. Max
Levy, Ridinrd
Lewin, Karl
London, Fritz
Markus, Siegfried
Budsin
Hirsch, Gustav
Buk
Hcrzfeld, Hans
Cronc a. Br.
Alexander, Siegb.
Iosepli, Georg
osepli. Herbert
Lazarus, Saliy
Czarilikau
Salinger, Max
Vorlust-
mrhlun;?
2. 6. 85 Argenau
30. 8.97 Argenau
5. 10. 92 Königsberg
8. 8. 79 Gr. Strehlitz
30. 8.17 4/LR.425
11.11.16 5/LR.54
10. 8.18 3/R.Felda.R. 17
4. 8.16 7/R. LR.216
1898
708
1249
642
14.11.82 Oberaula
8. 5. 98 Bentsdicn
24.11.14 4/R.J. R.226
1.12.17 2.M.G./LR.50
178
1034
Tnr
I
8.93 Bromberg
6. 96 Bromberg
8. 99 Fordon
10 91 Sdiwctz
1.92 Sdiwedenhühe
9.90 Labisdiin
11.93 Bromberg
5.90 Fordon
11.86 Fordon
4.90 Stiet'Iitz
2.94 Br()nd)erg
^:% Wirsiiz^
11.95 Culm
5.90 Espe rn nee/
-.nndsbcrg
1.89 Mügilno
4.97 Bromberg
29. 6.93 Kolmar
20.12.85 Buk
12. 9.92 Crone
1. 9.93 Crone
15. 1.92 Crone
24.12.97 Crone
22. 9.17
8. 6.17
8. 8.18
2. 11.14
6. 1.15
5. 6.15
21. 7.18
2. 5.17
27. 6.16
13. 7.18
verm. 25.
~K 3.16
G. 1 10. I
31. 1.15
2. 12. 14
2. 4. 18
t
5/FeIda. R. 241 Utffz.
2/Felda. R. 600
Arm. Btl. 161
2/LR. 14
7/LR. 149
10/R. I.R.223
San. Kp.607Feldhilfsarz
9/FeIda. R. 30
2/R. L R. 209
l/Felda.R.53
9.15 5/FeIda.R. 100 Gft
Min. Werf. Kp. 21 "
20 l/I.R.449Gftr.
12/1. R. 14
10 I.R. 14 Utffz. 127
2/M. G. Sdinrfsdi. Abt. 38 1269
r.
20.10.14 6/1. R. 49
in
14.10.14 9/R. 1.R.227
11
3. 2.15 5/FeIda.R.53
15. 5.17 3/felda.R. 266 UtfTz
21.11.17 9/l.Ga.lLR. Ulffz.
29. 4.18 3. M. G./I. R. 449 Gfti
ir^
( i
i
27.12.99 Czarnikau
8. 4.18 7/Feldu.R.39
1159
•'^i
GxlibArTOK'A S, L ui>w» G-
/
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XBl(9*^0cuM,ei»fcj
/
LUDWIG ALFRED JONAS
Born on February2, 1887 in Bromberg (Westprussia), Ludwig was the fi
of Heimann Jonas and bis second wife, Margarethe (Conitzer). a niece of hi
first son
wife, Henriette (Cohn). OrlginallyintenÄng°to become'aphysicraiu^ gave uphis
medical_studies and took up painting in 1909. He studied graphic arts with Emil
Orlik and later became a Student of Lovis Corinth. In 1912, he studied in Paris,
where Jules Pascin, then a fellow- Student, dr ew a portralt of him.
^ ^noS^?^*?'*? Service during the first world war, he worked mostly In Berlin
and m 1928 he had his first exhibition, at the Deutscher Kuenstlerbund in Hannover!
Following the exhibition he was invited to become a member of this exclusive saso-
ciation of aitists. He also became a friend of Erich Heckel, one of the leadinff Ger-
man expressionists of that time, ^
The Hannover exhibition led to an invitation by the President of the (Prussian)
Academy of Arts, the foremost Impressionist painter of Germany, Max Liebermamu
to send the pamtmgs Jonas had exhibited to the important exhibitiomof the Academv
and smce then, Ludwig participated in the semi-annual display of new works.
o ^ r°H°7^^ ^ ^^Yrii C^sis, France, Ludwig Jonas emiorated to France in 1933.
aiid to Palestine in 1935, taking up residence on Mamillah Road in Jerusalem.
After tr^els in Greece, Yugoslavia and Italy (1937-38) he had his first exhibition
m Palestine m the Tel Aviv Museum (1938).
• u* ^ accidental drink of ccntaminated water led to his long iUness which resulted
in his death on February 12, 1942 in Jerusalem. Later that year, the first of a num-
ber of memortal exhibitions was held in his studio, and a large exhibition in his me-
mory TÄ^ held in 1962 at the "Nora Studio", Jerusalem, while another marked the
twentieth anniversary of his death at the Municipal Museum of Modern Art in Haifa.
Ludwig Jonas was a very gifted artist who cared nothing for Publicity and was
indeed a very shy man, reluctant even to seil any of his many paintlngs. in which
landscapes and süUifes grew ever more colcrful and, in style, expressionistic in
his years in IsraeU The catalog for the memorial exhibition in Haifa stated that
Ludwig Jonas was like a hermit, an entirely introvert type of an artist,
The wealth of nature, of the European landscape of the Mediterranean
towns, and, at the end of his life, of the city of Jerusalem, inspired him
to new devotion toward Creation. He considered it the duty of the painter
to <»?cover colors which could show nature in all its sublimlty. His deUcate
sensitivity led him from step to step. from vigorous coloring of his German
v^canvasses to the magic brightness of the Mediterranean and Oriental lairi-
scape; and when he saw himself in the mirop on his last sick-becL he
knew that Nature remains for the painter still ful 1 of mysteriös.
Ludwig Jonas was a true representative of the spiritual and artis-
tic purity and nobility of the g eat Eu opean tradition. " (Dr. F, SchnifO
One of the two painttngs displayed in the Jewish paviliott. at the New York World's
Fair (1939-40), a View of Jerusalem from Ludwlg's Window, graces the wall behind
the desk of the Ambassador to the United States in the Israeli Embassy in Washington,
*^o V/o
7/90
JONAS
LUDWIG ALFRED
Marriage to Lotte:
LOTTE ELISABETH VICTORIA SCHLIEPMANN, b, 2 Sept 1892 Berlin
married 7 December 1933 Paris o^rim,
LUDWIG ALFRED JONAS 2 February 1887 Bromberg
first husband was DAVID LOUIS ZACHARIAS
To France 1933, to Palestine 1935. Ludwig Palestinian Citizen 22 May 1939.
died 12 February 1942 (not 16 Januaryl)
July 1989
Dear John,
Let me begin by thanking you for your patient efforts
aSseTlTa^fh; ^/^^"•%-<^ ^^ the work you havJ^been dofng in
assembling the family tree. Please believe me when
that my failure to respond was not based on a lack of
the project nor appreciation of your efforts. Now
retired, I promise that I will be more responsive.
I teil you
interest in
that I have
in this enl^'lonf^^^^"'^ \^^ Information you asked for elsewhere
^L,^^ envelope. I am not sure whether you have the Information
on Janu'aVl's 19l7''''??K ^""""^ '''"'""^ Taglieri, who was bo?n
on January 25, 1987 in Albany, New York.
was
The Information you provided concerning Uncle Ludwiq
^r. ^^%^y ^^"terestmg. I don't suppose that there is anyone left
his oalnt1na^°.''° .k"°^ anything more about the whereabouts of
Sonas's dea?h 7^y^^^^^^^ ' ".^^ saddened to hear about Walter
Jonas s death. I had hoped someday to meet him.
ho.i^K n\^°P^ ^^^^ ^^^^ letter will find you and yours in good
^I!^^.; P^^h^P^, y°" will be able to come for another visit or
possibly we will be able to get out to Ann Arbor on
ownl
a trip of our
Best wishes from
Your Albany Cousin
ill Jonas
N
1
Heinz Politzer:
n
Z\im Gedächtnis des Malers
LUDWIG JONAS
Jerusalem, Fab. I3, 19^3
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ZUM GEDÄCHTNIS
DES MAtERS
VON
HEINZ POLITZER
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Ans
p r a c h e
2i)m Gedächtnis
des Malers L v d w i g Jonas.
( 1887 - 1942 ) ■
'^
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A
gehaltsn von
«
Heinz Politzer
;-:c>
n Jerusalem am 13, Februar 1945. ,-v \
- •.. #
«
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'
Edition Dr. Feter freund
Jerijsalem
WJllllWi>'' ^IIIJ
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rr- '• •--' ii'ip'i' v^^'j»;'^»?
-/-
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»
In, hohem Verstand let der Tod dee Künetlere -der Erlöser eel-
nee Werks i Alles Y/vchernde und Atmende? Zufällige und Verhindliche j
die ffroßen Teidenschrften und die kleinen Bestechungen der Biogra-
phie, "eichen zurück und ^^erden ^^^eenloe, in gTPUsrmer, sch*"eigen-
der l^Te^cktheit steht dfs ^eleisx^ete da, des eich des lehens bedient
h£tte, um Gestalt, um S^igkeit zu Trerden,
In dem Jrhr, drs seit Ludwig Jonas' King? ner verstrichen ist,
het sich tein Selbstr^ortrrit ?uf getan, ^\^ es da an der '^and hängt
und spricht • Langsam ist es entstanden, Schicht nach Schicht • Kei-
ne Pienügte der schrff enden ^'end ? Jed«-: T?assung ^urde als die letzte
begonnen • doch da sie beendet ^ar, bestrnd sie nicht mehr vor dem
Blick des Feiers, der tief nach Innen getrieben war. Das Bild ver-
zehrte den Tann» es schlang ihn in sich ein; es besaß ihn, es mrch-
te ihn zum Besessenen- so erhielt es sein licht und sein Dunkel,
seine huroanität und seinen Trieb, seine Ahnung und seinen Stolz,
lesicht legte sich arf der gleich'^n Leinwand über "resicht, das ei-
ne löschte doS andere aus und als er, T^eister und Or^fer zugleich,
den Pinsel fortprab r^d bekannte, nun sei er ^n das Lnde gelancrt
mit seiner Kunst, da schien das Bildnis ein Denkmal geworden, und
mehr ein I'onument, denn eine Confession, Dann kam die Kr£. ^^kheit
und drnn kam der Tod.
?Fun hi'^g das Bildnis, da? nun wandelte es sich. All die T.ner-.
gien* die es aufgesogen, die unendliche^ Stunden des Lebens, die
daran hingegeb^^^n waren, wirkten weiter und -veiter fort; sie -arbei-
teten sich selbst. Das Bild hing da durch dieses Jahr in der Sonne
der Fittaae und Im frösteirden licht der lamne, in der goldenen Rö-
te der For^.en und in den kargen Minuten d^r Bläre, die diesem Tan-
de die Dämmerung schenkt. Das Licht, dem es dargebracht war, kam zi^
ihm, befreite es, erlöste es, nahm teil an der gewaltigen endgül-
tigen .Irbeit, die sich in ihm vollbrachte. Das Bild hub an zu le-
ben in einem anderen, gründigeren Sinne als in dem, den i^nser Le- ,
ben inne hct, es lebte von ^rnaden des "^-eistes allein, Kreatur dee
Künstlers, Geschöpf des IJenschen. Bald lächelte es, si>-nlich und
übersinnlich zugleich- bald schauerte es vor den Schatten, die das
Auge, das gemalte, des l'alers nun sah? bald leuchtete es erfüllt
in Selbstb^sitz, bald war es vor das "^enseits als ein Sniegel ge-
halten, in dem sich ein Strahl, ein Fauch, ein Laut der anderen (^e-
stade finet. Atmete die Brust nicht unter dem Femd , das sie bedeck-
te? Trank'nicht das Auge 'Yelt und Ueberwelt? Snrach nicht von •'Je-
heimnis der l'und?.
^'^ Nichts mehr von Denkmal, nichts von Selbstgefühl! Eine Seele
Bi?richt sich aus, zagend, ob man sie höre? selig steigend aus den
eigenen Wurzeln. Durch Schicht und Schicht, sc %ie sie der Faler
gemalt hatte, durch Gestalt und Gestalt, durcl:^ alle die chemischen
Blendungen der Farbe tut schönf erischer "reist sich ki^nd . Das Beste,
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das sich herbstlich in dem Vanr^e ^^esararelt hatte,
ne Feisterschaft und seiner Meisterschaft Grenze,
damit sie sich erfülle; sein rut und seine Demut,
tum, das seine Sittlichkeit war.
lebt d^rin: sei
selbstgesteckt 9
sein Kunst ler-
n
Nicht wir haben uns gewandelt, die wir es sehen* das Bildnis
selbst wuchs und wandelte sich; es wird wachsen und sich wandeln,
solange es einen Menschenblick ergreifen und ihn zur Liebe bewegen
kann. Denn der Künstler im Ifenschen ist nichts als das Instrument,
das der Geist führt bis an den T\jnkt , an dem der Geist xestalt,da8
Unfaßbare Wirklichkeit geworden ist. Doch auch diese restalt ist
nur vorläufig, diese Wirklichkeit nur l^dingt, und es jMfderf der
ungeteilten Gegenwart des Geistes, diesen Punkt zu erkennen, an
dem das Werk sich entscheidet und der Künstler dahinter zurück-
tritt. Doch vermag der Künstler dies, vermag er den schmerzlich-
sten Verzicht zu leisten, den Verzicht auf das Werk unter seinen
Händen, dann erfüllt sich das ^erk aus sich selbst t TSret dann voll-
endet es sich aus der eigenen Befugnis seiner Ifacht , dann gerät
es aus eigenen Stücken in die Vollkommenheit. Vor dem Geiste ist
alle Kunst, wie die Philosonhie, Hebamme n-Kunst .
Der Fann auf diesem Bildnis war Feister. Er hatte sein Werk
als Handwerk gelernt, er übte es und er liebte, es zu lehren* Er
war l'eister, indem er die überkommenen Pormen der Kunst sich aufs
^eue gewann und sie sodann erfüllte nit den Abenteuern seines Au-
ges. Er war Feister in dem Rang, den er einnahm und wie eine Pe-
stung verteidigte gegen den Anspruch des gemeinen Allgemeinen, des
Halben, des Leicht-Fertigen. Aus einem Guß, wie sein Bildnis, steht
er da: wie sein Bildnis Schicht um Schicht seines "esens zur Ein-
heit bündelnd und bändigend.
Gerade war er und er liebte die Gerade; sie kehrt in seinen
Gremälden immer wieder, als der First eines Daches, als der Hand
eines Tisches, als der Damm, eines Ufers, als der Pfeil seines AugB
in die Ewigkeit. Dieses Gerade seines 7\resens, diese Gerade in sei-
nem Werk war dem Ornament abhold, der bürgerlichen Lüge, der Schmin-
ke, mit der sich die Leere das eig^ene Nichts vertuscht. Er sah die.
Dinge der Welt; er sah sie an, die Gesichter und Landschaften; un-
bemäntelt boten sie sich ihm dar und gingen willig ein in sein
wahrhaftiges Werk. V/ahrhaftigkeit aber ist immer Revolution; ist
Umsturz und Bewahren in einem: so prägte denn dieser konservative -
Revolutionär die V/elt aufs neue, indem er sie der Lüge entkleide-
te und das Wesen der Wesen darstellte wie am ersten Tag; weise unci
mächtig wie ein Kind,
Weil Ludwig Jonas wahrhaftig war, hielt er die Treue. Aber
nur eine Treue ist es, der der Künstler anhangen darf, anhangen
muß, will er sich selbst bewahren: Er hielt der eigenen Kindheit
'- '^ •
iitJl^T' Jö?ör Zei^ » Oa die ^Velt der natürlichen Zauber TollÄ
1^? »r.?^Sf '5^??*''"'^"^i^'5 ""^ magiBch, die Erde dae Paradii?
J?! !?^J^® Folie zugleich: da die Te?e rieeengroß vor Licht «?d
die Nachte unendlich vor Schrecken einher -ehen und die etummen Mn-
ge warten, daß Einer ihrer Weise lavache und eie im Verstehen er^
., > r
an
K^
- I-wdwig t.?"f^,^f^ ^n Broroherg, im Osten Deutechlande gebor«ti'i
^ ^J^??^^^ « ^?* ^^ ^" seinen T^ildern aue aller v/elt. Die grol^
Freiheit der Horizonte, J^eheimnievoll Kitteg wie Dämmerung j Ind-
7w?Lv^i!""» ®"^i°^® Kanäle und endlos der Reichtum dee Licht» &
fch'?t d?r?.n"K ^^^S^^"?^^ i" an eich bemessener Skala.Sine ^
t^^ H'r.^ / V-®?^°^®" ""^^^^ i" i^^e" ^r" ni»rat "och begräbt^
ipo>,f ^r^-2^"-.^^"^^'"^''^"*^^"» sondern vor die er gestellt ist, avf-
?«nHL^^?/^^'^^''^°5'' ^^^ ^^'^^ ""^ i^^ Knecht zufleich. Diese "
ne? w^nn ..'f^"-\^T ^''''^^l gegrngen. sie hr.t seine Kand gez^oh-
v.r,.H!?io ""l '^^"? ^^'P' ^^* ^"^^"^^^ -^o^as öss Xicht gegeben? er hat
Venedig gesehen als eine Wasserkunst von Strehl und Schotten: den
Süden Frankreichs und Italiens- den Süden überhaupt . die Akronolfc.
tlZ ?üS^IT ^.^^^^^"'^^^ MittPge, die dewitter des Lichts überdif-
sem Land Palästina. Aber gerade dort, wo seine Fand zu schweben
™!J^^5-«"? -^f I^"^^ ^f^ ^'^^^^^ und seinen Zauber wiederzugeben,'
gerade dort ist die erste Landschaft zv ahnen, das Kinderland ,daJ
er mit sich ^etra^en, vervrandelt und das er überwunden hat, ohne
es je zu verlassen. . - .
• '•
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Denn welche Lüge, welche Anmaßung des Pöbels über den Geiet
orienbt-rt sich in der Meinung, es könnte der Künstler Kultur wech-
seln nach dem Gebot der Stunde.; könnte seinen Ursnrüngen ab -
scnworen^und eich einem Anderen verbünden, i^enn es nur lockt und
drangt? Geschlechter haben gewirkt, ihn hervorzutreiben pIs ihren
letzten und zartesten SDroß; sie senden ihren Saft und ihr Salz
hinauf in ihn als die Krone, - nun aber soll er sich selbst fäl-
len und dennoch fruchtbar bleiben für das Andere? Kultur hft stete
den Atem der Jahrhunderte- sie hat die Geduld des Wartens 5sie for--
dert nicht, sondern sieht zu, daß sie sich erfülle. Aus dem Ge-
schrei des Farktes, aus gängiger Ware het sie sich noch nie und
noch nirgends gebilc^et i und t>esser ist es, der Künstler lege die
Einsamkeit kristallisch um sich, als er verrate, was das gerüste-
te und gemeine Außen ihm abzrf ordern nicht müde wird.
Ludwig Jonas ist ein treuer, ein schwerer, ein titanischer
Künstler gewesen; ihm wurde nichts geschenkt; sein Peuer strömte
aus der Tiefe, tellurische Glut. Darin brannte sich rein, wre der
Laier erfaPte, bis es da stand, abgetrotzt und erzwungen und,wuch-
Ss*i
«
IT •
f
%
1^
♦
<
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tigen Maaßes, dennoch Fusik und ein Spiel» In der Kunst gilt • nicht '^'
der Flügelsch^jh allein; sondern eret/^'ie gewichtisr der Leib ^ar,
don jener in die Lüfte erhob.
Höre
nen,
Lieb
Maaß
der
fügt
und
den
Gott
So war die Einsamkeit um ihn» noch ehe er begann, als er im
aal der Berliner Anatomie saß, um den leib des Fenschen zu 1er-
den er aufs '^^eue bilden wollte. Ein Liebender war er und zum
enden wurde er, als er zu schaffen "^egann? aber im gleichen
e wurde er zum Bewahrer seiner selbst. Der letzte große I5aler
europäischen Bürgerlichkeit grüßte ihn, Mex Liebermannrer aber.
e sich nicht und fügte sich nicht ein, zu schwer rnd zu leicht
durchaus von eigenem Karat. Allein ist er in seinem Werk, das
Menschen als Landschaft srh und die Landschaft als den Akt •
es.
Wie Vincent vr-n Gogh die Fenschen der Borinage malte als ein
soziales Evangelium seiner Tage, so malte Ludwig Jonas die großen
Indtistrien, die Krane, die Schleusen, die 'rleise; aber er gab sie
entvölkert, in der frst vorweltlichen Schönheit ihrer r^insam-
keit, Kreatur auch sie. Er malte die Kähne auf Strömen, nicht die
leichten Boote der Spazierfahrt en, sordern schwere Flöße, die dae
Dunkel der Wälder noch atmen, aus denen, sie her abgeschwemmt worden
waren zur Tiefe der Täler. Plöße und Kähne, Deiche und Schleusen
vraren ihm Klndaeit und Gegenstand und Zauber der Kunst. Einsam lie-
gen sie da 9 verwendete GeschöDfe, an den Grenzen der Städte, die
einsam liegen im Wind.
Einsam wie einer der Sklaven Michelangelos ragte dieser Menach
auf, jeden Augenblick bereit, die Fessel um seine Schulter zu ^ •
sprengen. Doch diese Fessel war das Werk, dessen er war^ das ihn
nicht freiließ, ihn knechtete und erhob. Durch eine '\Velt, die des
Teufels war und immer mehr wLirde,ging er, besessen von heller Magie •
Er liebte? er liebte das T-eschÖpf, die Blume, die er gepflanat,
das Tier 9 das er gezogen hatte, den Fenschen. Er legte in seinen
Bildern tausendfach Zeugnis dieser Liebe ab, eines ganz und gar
demütigen, sich selbst speisenden, aus sich selbst strömenden ?re^ ;
f ühls . Auch er liebte ''withcut the help of anything on earth.'*
Er schenkte den Menschen auf seinen Bildern viel von der Wür-
de, die er selbst besaß. Er decouvrierte nicht; doch er verhüllte
auch nicht; er gab die ^restalt, am liebsten vom Scheitel bis zur
Sohle und angetan mit der holden und gewaltigen Majestät der^fenscb-
lichkeit. Sie wa^ndten ihr^ ihr Bestes zu, wenn sie sich seinem
Blicke freigaben und sich vor ihm darstellten, ihren Adel und ihre
Freigeborenheit 5 und riit der demokratischen Gebärde des Künstlers
löste Ludwig Jonas die Matrone aus einer arabischen Landfrau und
der EiDheben aus dem Jungen, der auB dem Alltag getreten war« Er
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g&t> nioht ihr« Klege, ergab sie die AnKlage nicht', uom^tn
te ihren aufrechten Gangt des Öehätide der Stlrnet d«» Fd!iii^iilM||'
ein Creetirn. Und wenn er den Menschen gar in der Landtohaft a&h^
nackten leihee dargeboten der i?roßen Kutter t dem Licht, da "beging
sein sehendes Auge,eeine »ohönferische Hand die Feier ^er Ootte»-
furoht. ' '
Es ist das Iferkmal jeder großen Kunetf daß ihre Strenge riaoh
Innen ale Freiheit nach Außen wirkt; daß sie vom Aristokratischen
die Selbstzucht vnd Eigengeeetzlichkeit lerne, im, außerhalb der'
sozialen Welt, in zweiter, suhlimer Einfalt des Volkes zu sein*. ^^
Solcher Art Ist die Kunst des Kaiers Ludwig Jonas beschaffen? das
Volk freilicfh, nach dem sie geht, war selten so undieutlich und ver*
loren, wie in den Tagen seines Lebens, Ohne Grenzen ist dieseBVolk
des Malers, auch ohne die Brückenschranke der Sprache j ein unlcrie-
gerisches, feierliches, männliches Volk, verschwiegen ?ioh beugend
über seine quellen und die Fände hebend in das Licht, dem der Küm*^.
1er sein ¥erk als Erstling dargebracht hatte. Dieses Volk Ist nlofat|
kaum jemals ist es gewesen? doch daß es sein wird, verbürgt die
stille Gemeinde, die verborgene Republik der Geister, die "Mor*^
genlandf ehrt »• aJl Jener, die über die Erde gingen, suchend, wäb In
.ihnen verborgen lag und darum so fruchtlos wie fruchtbar in Zeit
und Ewigkeit •
?fei
Den Feister Ludwig Jonas packte die Krankheit und warf ihn -
hin. Da sie ihn antrat, stürzte sie ihn mit einem Sdilbg in die /
Tiefe des Todes, so, als breuchte sie die Gesamtheit ihrer Kraft, t^^j
um seiner Stärke und seines Willens Herr zu werden. Er stürzte hin-
ab; er scharte, was drunten war; und kehrte doch wieder zurück an
das Licht, Ludwig Jonas ist nicht einen, er ist unzählige Tode ge-
storben, zwei Jahre lang. Begabt mit TTiantasie, geschult in der
Medizin, die nur lindern und hinzögern, nicht heilen konnte, er-
lebte er den Abgrund, dem er immer wieder um Haaresbreite entran»t
sich selbst beobachtend und als ein Künstler das Beobachtete steie
gernd bis über die Zuständigkeit Jeglicher Fitteilung hinaus. Die ^
Kranheit des Malers war ein mittelalterliches Martyrium, erlebt in'
den Nerven einer modernen Seele,
Jene, die dabeistanden mit Händen, die nicht zu helfen ver-*
mochten, mit Seelen, die das Grai^en der Abstürze, die Erleuchtun- ^
gen der Widerkunft nicht zu fassen vermochten - denn nur, wer Je '
unten war, vermag den Abgrund zu künden und gerade dieser schweigt-
wir alle fragten nach dem Sinn dieses Leidens, War «üs gerecht, sich
zu widersetzen, wo keine Rettung mehr schien? War dies noch Leben,
das schon des Todes war? War dies nicht Vermessenheit und Aufstand
gegen den Ablauf? Ein starker Mann, ein Ritter, der mit dem Tod und
dem Teufel rang, hochiierzig Kräfte vergeudend, wo Alles verloren
war. Ein tragisches Schauspiel? doch wem diente es; wem diente der
rr.*^ JLC'3' *:\ «."_•»....
) »
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Kre.nke, der Maler nun, der sein r«ben lang ein Ferrecher war in
seinem Dienst? Tragödien spielen nur euf erhöhter Bühne- da» Le- •
-ön, dfts sich dort gerne kristallisiert sieht, erträgt die Tra-
gödie nicht in seiner brütenden Mitte. Es werdet eich ahi es freurt
eem "Warum?" und es ireint, es sei klüger »weil sein der wärmere
\tem ißt
Da erhob sich die Fand, die der Schmerz schon verkrampft hat-
te, einmal noch zum Werk. Das Auge, des Lichtes Geschwisterkind -
und nun von den Schatten umrungen, tat sich einmal noch auf und
sah in des Diesseits der Welt. Ludwig Jonas schuf, was er im An-
gesichte des Todes gesehen hatte. ..-.,"
Darum war es geschehen,
ins. Leten. Darum die Kraft, d
gen, der doch des Zwangs fast
tr?.tj war einer Weisheit voll
bens iat.Es war jenes Abbild
erschließt, der uns von Drübe
über alle Erfahrung erhöhtes
Bett 5 Blumen im Fenster und d
und ein ';Vindspiel; und alles
Vergessenheit; mit Mohnsaft u
Darum die Pein, darum die Rückkehr
arum die Bande, die ihn herbeizwan-
enthoben war. Denn was nun auö ihm
, die nicht mehr die Weisheit des Le-
der Wirklichkeit, das sich Dem nur
n besucht, ein über alle Kunst, ein
Abbild. Ein Zimmer, eine Lampe, ein
avor der Schnee; eine Frau, ee ine !Prau$
verwandelt, getränkt mit Verzicht und
nd Lethe getränkt.
^in Spiegel war vor sein Bett gestellt, damit er sein eigenes
Bildnis male j er malte das Zimmer, die Menschen, den Spiegel und
drin sein Gesicht, so sah er von Drüben herein, von hier und schon -
nicht mehr von hier^ Wie alle Symbole, sind auch diese letztenSpäe-
gelzeichnungen des Malers Jonas nichts als Wirklichkeiten, die sieb
selbst im Rücken gelassen haben. Er malte sein eignes Besicht als -
einen Scheiterhaufen der Leidenschaften, der Schönheitstrunkenheit,
der leoensgier, der Gläubigkeit, schlackenlos lodernd und in der
eigenen heiligen Flamme verzehrt.
Ludwig Jonas ging dahin, nachdem er sich erfüllt hatte. Hätte
er sein Lebenswerk allein gegeben, wie arm diese verwüstete Erde,
um ihm zu danken! Er aber hat, was nur den Erlesenen unter den
Meistern der Menschen gewährt ist, noch seinen Tod als sein Werk
dargestellt. Er nahm die Hölle auf sich, um in ihren Gluten ins
Licht zu fahren. Keinen Augenblick früher schied er ab, als es ihm
ver statt et war, als inn sein 'Verk beurlaubt hatte. Ludwig Jonas
steht unter den Helden.
Wie er es vollbrachte? Was bei ihm stand, als er das über-
menschliche trug? Was ihn verband, und immer wieder band, der
doch schon gelöst und frei war dieser Erde?
Er liebte ein "/sdicht in seinen letzten Tagen? und wir, die . 1
(
■ •* »!
AI'- -^ , iB'
i
at -j-
lK.
Hi.
1
?
\ -
• 1
- 7 -
Rv»
wir 8 nicht erle'bten, nur nacherlebten aus uneerer eiM^chre«Ök*ii
Ferne, wir dürfen glauben, er liebte bb, weil es die
eer Frage wari .
dU-
Wenn Seele treuer Seele eich verbündet t
Sprich nicht' von Feramnie ! Liebe ist nicht Liebe,
Die eich verändert, wenn sie Aendrung findetir
Entfernt, bei dem, der eie entf ernte, bliebe •
i.vi
:/:
■*fr.
Oh nein, sie iet ein iramerfeetee Mal,
Auf Stürme schauend, ewig unverletzt,
Sie ist der Wander-Barke Stern und Strehl,
Nach Köh' und Stand , und nicht nach Wert geschätstk
iBt nicht der ITarr der Zeit, wenn roter Mund
Und Wang eich auch der Sichel beugen iqag.
Die Liebe wechselt nicht in kurzer Stund, -^
Sie trägt eich aue bis an den Jüngsten Ta^ /
■'w.l^'.
*;
:Ist Irrtum diesi^n mir je dargetan,
Dann echuf icli niernoch liebte Je ein Fann«
' »
^j
h
r
r-m
ß^ho^- (9/Oi^^
^lUj/l
^ Sui/h.
AvvW
JK P>.^>M^ l^;:^ 1901/0^-S,
u^(ytn/PyJi^
llo^
lU( (IIP- F^ (Ul
i
QffyYt-jy. de-'-V^y ~^iU'-^'^^'^'^
OPA^M
Üecember 26, 1979
Prof. Lewis Elton
107 Farnham Road
Guilford, Surrey
England
Dear Prof. Elton:
I have just received your address from Vr. Ra-
fael Rosenzweig, with whom I have been in touch regarding paint-
ings of Ludwig Jonas, the artist who died in Jerusalem in 19**2,
and who was, before -ilorld ^ar 1, a food friend of Franz Rosen-
zweig. He also was a cousin of my tiother and a good friend to
ne when 1 was a boy in Berlin. In the past few raonths, I have
tried to prepare a list of the works of Ludwig 's in private
hands, as part of an effort to write a biography of this good
man who was a shy as he was talented.
Cne of the finest works was his portrait of
rüss Julie Ehrenberg, with which I am sure you are familiär.
Years ago, irs. Edith Kosenzweig-Scheinnan wrote to rne that it
was in horae of the widow of i r. Hans Ehrenberg, who received
it from his cousin Franz. In enquiring about the present
location of the portrait, I mentioned this to Ir. Rosenzweig,
who responded that irs. Else Ehrenberg died in 1970, and that
he does not know where the painting is today - but that possibly
you might be able to teil me. There is a stillvague plan to
atte-npt obtaining color fotographs of Ludwig' s best works, and
his Portrait of fiss Shrenberg would surely be araong them.
Ilshould be raost grateful for any inforination
or names and addresses you -night be able to give me which would
help ne locite the present owner of this portrait. iorae '♦•O
years ago, it appeared, I believe, in a Supplement to the Ber-
liner Tageblatt, and I have a copy of th*t reproduction. Not
particularly welldone, and somewhat darkly-greenish in color,
surely not that of the original.
ry thanks for any assistance you raight be
able to give me.
; ost sincerely yours.
John Henry Richter
P.O. Box 7978
Ann Arbor
Michigan 48107
De«r Mr Richter,
107 farnhaiü Road
Guildford, Surr«y
GU2 5PP
6. January 1980
Thank you for your enquiry about Ludwig Jonas. I contacted my
Cousin, Professor A S C Ehrenberg, Else Eheenberg's son, and he
üas indeed got a picture of Julie Ehrenberg (Mrs, not Mias),
which is almost certainly the one in question, although it is
not signed. She is painted in profile to the left, in old age
(she died in 1922, aged 95), sitting on a chair with hands
folded m front. The picture is about 4i' x 2i' with frame and
IS in need of restaaration. Professor Ehrenberg 's address is
27 Alleyn Park, London S.E.21, if you wish to get in tauch
with him.
You may also like to know that I have a still lif e of flowers
by Jonas, which I inherited from my father, I would doubt, however,
that this is one of his best works.
I should be interested to hear how your project progresses.
Tours sincerely
Lewis Elton
c.c. Professor Andrew Ehrenberg
Nr Raphael Rosenzweig
i
•
•#•*• -••«•«
Rrtt fokJ h«r«
**— w(*«%«V»» <■■»»— a>,^»,,^»^a»———<^<»»»»^»^.
Ivil f oM
Sender's name and address
Jb^^xXrSRor Lewis Elton
107 Farnham Road
Gulldford, Surrey GU2 5PP
England
• *
^,
Second fold here
Byairmail Air letter •,,,.!
Par avion Aerogramme.
An air letter should not contain any enclosure
The ' APSLEY ' Air Letter
A Dickinson Robinson Group Product
Form opprovcd by the Pott Office (United Klngdom) No. Ä4/2
r A^
Sdcond fold h&rm
John Henry Kichter
P.Ot Box 7978
Ann Arbor
Michigan 4810?
iJSl
* *
^ 1
1 rvJ* f^
k '
T'A:
FOSTCODE IT
IV.
January 18, 1980
fro.n
^ear Professor t/hrenber^: '
or\^V"^''^'^Ä%'L''p1rtäiro? 'i"' 'T^*^" Professor .'iton
°L!^^'; ^® ^« kind enouph to send vo^; '^'^^^ ß^renberg. and
^udwig Jonas, the painter of +hf^« T "xf ^°Py* I am a cousin of
Poor Photograph of^?Se portraiJfn^ f^^*/ ^"^ ^«^« ^ad a flirly
be unknown, and I am surorised JA v,^ ®*!''^^* ^^^^ seems to
-. I a.. however. .ui^Vs^%^^,^%^rth^^U"^^^^^^^^^^^ s^di^^y
since he wtr.yXst""S^cfe"'an3 Ht^':' '''' ^^^ -^^^ ever
as we visited hls in I^Sfur? «n h!^*?^ "^^ f^^^^y in Berlin
course of genealogical studies and tJf ^^^ ^•^ ^«^^8 ' i" the
history. i came tf think of the noJJ^ffJP^''^^^®" «^ a family
of Ludwig's paintings in privaL^^oii^Ü.^^^ °^ compiling a list
since he is nearly forcottri ?« % ^"^f^^^^^^'^^c-especially
f inest work (he dLd'if JJ^SsiL^^rnloJ^^'S^^ ^'^ «°™i o^ Ws
^^S^w?®"" himself and the widowe? o? -rt t^;*^*"^ Anthony,
ried hi/a after Ludwig's death vr« a Tv * ^°*^« "^onas, who mar-
'?n?°^^^^^ ^^^« ^al^e" ?he iib^Jiy'^Ä.-^^"^"^"^ ^^^ ^^^
Prof. Elton 's and thia let+.L ?® *2f ? sendmg hlm a copy of
able to contact you and nerh«;« " *^? ^°P^ ^^^t he raight be
Painting (he.toorhaff Sopy^?| U^lToVr^''^^'''' t/tfcew the
hether our atterapt to assemhii » n + ^"^ refered to above).
course depend on the asfi|?^cl Li«. ^f-'Vj^'i^'s works will of
^orks of his. a difficuU t^rarbf«? ^^?'''* f^°'^ *^'°se who o^
mdeed if you would perTiit ^ !U ^T"^ "^^''^^ t)e most obJi^ed
aslr t4m to contact you but'D;rhf ^^t'^ *° ^'^^i* ^0"- I have
at this tir.e. anyhow? * ^^ ^''''^^^^ ^ ^^" ^^^^ you his adt^fss
I re;.ain,
;.osx sincerely yours
cc:
C.taul Anthonv,
■^^^^pSa^*-^® '^"^ Gardens
^st Sussex ßN24 5HP
John Henry Richter
/
4 WOODSYRE. SYDENHAM HILL.
LONDON SE26 6SS
Telephone: 01-670 7059
Mr. C. I^ul Anthony,
18, Castle View Gardens,
Westham,
Pevensey,
East Sussex SN24 5HP.
5th February, 1980,
Dear Mr. Anthony,
I have heard from Mr. John Richter of Ann Arbor thaf vn,,
readily «cessible. (Hease nota that T/no» life ät a'dm "?'!,"
Yours sincerely,
A.S.C. Ehrenberi
cc. Mr. J.H. Richter ^
Prof. L.R.B. Elton
■-■1 » ' . t:. ■%*.-.{
i'Ä..**-i«;':a:'%,;S!
From a lithogimph.
TOMAS
PUBLICATIONS OF THE
LEO BAECK INSTITUTE
OF JEWS FROM GERMANY
LEOPOLD AND
ADELHEID ZUNZ
AN ACCOUNT IN LETTERS
1815—1885
EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION
BY
NAHUM N. GLATZER
PUBLISHED FOR THE INSTITUTE BY THE
EAST AND WEST LIBRARY
LONDON MCMLVIII
Note»
Kur.tori„iBj «mchen auch. !„ a^
«n. ferner bei der Eröffnung " £
mber 6, 1833.
ftbtt Britfwtchitl mit
einem Kinde
{ hooüu.
neration of our German languag«"
^/'. Zum corrected the error by
took Charge of Zunr's home.
^t?'*^' ^^^ *•»* Zunmiftun.
I birthday. Zunz worked on the
biblical Problems in ZDMG, toL
r which appeared in 1830.
gottesdienstlichen Vortrigt
Rosenzweig.
»«rg: »Er wird den 26. August
^
t
X
Notes
[
403
3. Refen to the ScriptunJ portion of ckat Sabbath.
4. This would have been the ftar 1934; Victor Ehrenberg died m 1929.
5. In her last norel, Dtuuel Dtronda (1874—1176)» George Eliot quoted Zonz'i
famous words on Jewish suffering from his Die Synsgogäe Potde dis MituUdim,
p. 8.
6. George Henry Lewcs, friend of George Eliot (Marian ETani).
7. David Kaufmann (1852—1899). tince 1877 profetsor at the LändftrskUnmchmU
in Budapest; friend of Zunz in his later jears. His correspondence with Zunz
(1874—1886) was published in JJGL, 1902 and 1903.
8. Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums^ edited by Z.
Frankel.
1879
1. Helene, daughter of Professor Rudolf von Ihering.
2. Groom.
3. Coaimemorating the day the Babylonians made the firtt break in the wall of
Jerusalem, in 586 BCE.
1882
1. Zunz's birthday and wedding anniversary of Philipp and Julie Ehrenberg.
1883
1. Philipp Ehrenberg died in 1882.
2. Emmi Fischel, bmn 1859.
3. Hans Ehrenberg, bom June 4, 1883.
1885
1. Zunz died March 18, 1886; Julie Ehrenberg died in 1922, ninety-five years old.
A painting of the old lady hang in Franz Roscnzwcig's study in Frankfort.
I
!|
t
n
i.i
»I
li
I
ij:
Ml
l
I
t }
n
r :
i.
Strtiuss, rieinrich: is an Israel style in art possibleV
ifl üiuLL, ii quarterly review of tne arts and
Sciences in Israel. No. 19, Summer 1967, 5-1^ • •Jerusalem.
11
abroad. There is no undesirable trespassing in this picturc, as frequently
happens when Jewish artists, some of the highest importance, have re-
course to Christian Symbols, such as the Crucifixion.
Anna Ticho settled in Jerusalem at an early age and thoroughly ab-
sorbed the city's character, atmosphere and environs, which she has ren-
dered in a free play of her artistic imagination. She is more delicate in
her work, richer in fine nuances, than the late Leopold Krakauer, who
was the first to conquer this landscape for Israel art. In her many portrait
Sketches — mainly of immigrants — Mrs. Ticho has sought to penetrate
to the inner human being. Her art, firmly rooted in the soul of this coun-
try, is being increasingly lauded and appreciated outside Israel, perhaps
because of this indigenous quality. After a series of successful one-woman
shows in European and American museums, the French Government placed
a studio at her disposal in Paris, where she made a protracted stay.
Twenty years ago, the painter Ludwig Jonas, a pupil of Corinth and
Orlik, died in Jerusalem. The self-portrait reproduced here was painted
just before his death and is the last of a series. In addition to its
importance as a masterpiece it bears witness to a heroic personality, a
man with the courage to depict the deterioration of his own physical
frame, and thereby to transcend it as an artist. (Among Jewish artists
it brings to mind the last self-portraits of Lesser Ury and is important for
similar reasons; the best of these is in a private collection in Jerusalem.)
Jonas painted this picture in a State of exaltation; he locked his door and
until the work was finished — only a matter of hours before his death —
took no food or drink. Earlier self-portraits are in discreet colours and
painted in an atmosphere of cool self-appraisal ; this last, done in the
certainty of imminent dissolution, carried the artist away in a pathetic and
glowing expressionist colour scheme. It is a deeply exciting testament of
a Jewish artist trained in Europe. Illness and untimely death only a few
years after immigration prevented Jonas from fully absorbing the new
environment of his art.
Fima (Roytenberg) must also be classified as an immigrant artist,
though he came rauch later than the others discussed here — he settled
in Israel in 1949 — and from an entirely different environment — Harbin
in Northern China. In the delicate inflexions of his colours the influence of
Chinese calligraphy and ink drawings can be discerned, but combined
in artistic synthesis with the experience of the Negev wasteland and the
gaunt Judaean Hills. Fima's work, shown in many one-man and group
shows in Europe and America, is internationally recognized. For several
i
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.litOKJJ t»i*> yaon Olli b>
. •- ■ ■■■■'. ■ ■ ■ •.• :■■ ■ ■'■■■.■r ;■. ■■ ■.•:■■'
■■■'VJ.
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^^toh/lM
*kivteJJli?L^!l^^l^*^''*? conslst only in the mediutt;
S »u 7^ ^Is.close his own soul and his personal
^^^:^'^^^ of Creation". ^ x-aonax
StlJf^'^^The"vSfiih^Jf.*" t»rmlt, an entlrely introvort type of an
SältefiAi»lf,i^?^o °^^''^J"f!» ""^.^^^ Europaean landscape, of the
ftS^lo^no;„i''«^if ^ ?^" always to new deyotion towards CrLtion.
ÄOW.^Q paint natyre in colours whlch ai-e not tho^e Of its own
2?!ft SSPSi^r®? !ä- i* *^® <^^*y of ;tbe painteyrlj© diac^ver colours^'
whlctf WbuJaj "sho^jf »atur« in all itö Bsöbümily. "^ -■ ^* -^'V ^Jggfcf«
^i?.J^^^'^f'*^H^ii^^^ 16a 'film fronr'*lc«^ Uir«te^M'»«teiiixf«MK
rous fiolK»ij?ing pfrMß.pßXiyf^3se3, painted Ija+GermASy.to^the^elo!
hS^SS^fl ^^^5® ^^e^|terranean'aSd Orlentlt^fiStslljgf^l^
il4^^^^f^^ ^^^^ sickb^cf^in the mirror h? ixSi^-
..Natuiri^fli^alns for ^the painter stUl.fuXl ofl.jny^llf
.W W^^.^/,'P*L' ^l»«:f '^f^at Europaean tr'adlttUfii.^ot ol
Lnl
'T'-or
3!. o i. I
■ ; . • • — .1.-. ?.. f ' '•. \ o ■{■ X- .-i o r
Ftgitres
j^c:
■ ■«<!>r-*^'iiWT!» ♦■■»'-'
T>eet n?"»»» ain^ ♦«l^M*rse;Llle Harbour «p.
4
o"»»rnno o"»"»y3
.7 •
.8
.9
-g^ Boys Bftthing
Boys BatHlng " ' o ^ » n^n o o •• np 3
S«a-Shope " "" ' ' ^' o"'TV&%9"'i#a4'ViWbr^ n«no *tö
Clty at nlght'^"^ ' ^'Vtt>'^'i'3!^-i^y^'^;2l fiin Karem qia py ^n
%f«-House*'-^-^ ' ,.r nof» .T»?aa irge View of a Clty^ T»y hkii^- ,12
1**p«WLt*r 'OUT' JbhaJoJoe
TüUAvlv Museum.
» 1 ly
■ i-
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■t. *:•
■JA'
JV0 S
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CV2
EH
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CO
Eh
o
HANS MF:YIU)I)I:n. l>tK TkKI'PK
AUSC.KSIKI.I T IM KrNSTLr.MIlACh, RKKI IN
merkbar, die bis zum Rcliefauftra^ der Far!>c führen.
Schlielit man noch Fchx Nußbaum dieser (iruppc an, der
allerdings schon vielfache Finflüssc erfahren und verar-
beitet, nur für sein tüchtiges K«>nncn noch keinen sicher
überzeugenden Ausdruck gefunden hat, so mag die Reihe
genügen, die Reiiliwcite des I'^inllusses einer Lehrerpersön-
liciikt-ii /u ch:n.-)ktcvisiei'cii, iicr sich norli in manche andere
Ateliers erstreckt. Die liinllusse iiberkreu/en sich, wenn !•>-
win Graumann v»»n ihifer den W eg zu Kirchner liudei, des-
sen farbige Skala in seinen Landschaften wiederkehrt, wie
übrigens Meyhoden vun Ulrich Hübner kam, in dessen Nähe
die stärkste Wahlfreiheit zu herrschen scheint. Walter Berg-
mann, dem im Hause der Jury freien mit zwei Mitarbeite-
rinnen aus der Weili-Klasse ein ganzer Saal zur Dekoration
anvertraut wurde, hat von seinem Lehrer den (leschmack
übernommen, den er an vielen Vorbildern von Baumeister
bis zu Picasso und Chirico geschult zu haben licheint. Auf
Heckeis Anschauung und Darstellungsform gründet Johann
Sass eine Malerei, die in den rauhen und zuweilen über-
hellen Farben wie in den Motiven und der besonderen
Typik ihrer Menschen dem Vorbilde sich engstens anschließt.
Ludwig Alfred Jonas hat von dem freien farbigen Vonrag
der letzten Werke Munchs profitiert, und etwas von dem
Abglanz der Kunst des Norwegers wird auch in den Arbei-
ten Martin Christs noch sichtbar, der in dem Bilde eines
ruhenden Jungen eine tüchtige Talentprobe gegeben hat.
Der Kasseler Karl D()bel, dem man schon auf manchen Aus-
stellungen begegnete, und den man unter den Bewerbern
um den Staatspreis wiederfand, hat sich allmählich immer
mehr in die Abhängigkeit von Kokoschka verstrickt, dessen
Kinfluß auch in den Bildern des Frankfurters Hans Feibusch
IKIJX NUSSHAUM, I'AAR AUF DER TREPPK
AUS<;t:STKLLT IM KO.NSTLKKHAUS, BERLIN
fiibibar wird. Ihm hat die Jury der Akademie den Preis zu-
erkannt, vermutlich nicht ohne manche Bedenken, da unter
vielen guten ik'gabungen, die in der Ausstellung der Be-
werber sichtbar wurden, die beste sich keineswegs mit deut-
licher Überlegenheit heraushob.
Autfällig allerdings sind die Bilder Feibuschs. Sie sind
es durch /iiweileii etwas gewaltsame Effekte imd durch grelle
larben, die schrill wirken, wenn sie in dem Bildorganismus
dem es an der Sicherheit der Ordnung gebricht, nicht voll-
konmien aufgehen. Finer der stärksten Anwärter auf der
Preis hätte neben F^eibusch der Kasseler Arnold Bode seir
dürfen, den man in der Secession, der Akademie und in
Künstlerhause ausgiebig kennen zu lernen Gelegenheit fand
Fr geht von Beckmann aus, dem er in einzelnen Bilden
nicht nur die eigenartige Behandlung der Farbe, sonden
auch die charakteristischen Motive der Stilleben abgesehei
hat. Aber im Rahmen der übernommenen Form macht siel
eine sichere (jestaltungskraft und darüber hinaus in änderet
Bildern eine sehr eigenanige Art der Anschauung und Ent
schiedenheit der Gestaltung bemerkbar. Hier scheint ein«
der tüchtigsten und selbständigsten Begabungen der jüngerei
Generation sich zu melden.
Als ein Außenseiter in diesem Kreise, der allmählich siel
zu festigen beginnt, auch wenn es ihm an äußerer Bindun;
fehlt, erschien im Hause der Juryfreien der junge Königs
berger Heinz Liers, dessen Ponräts durch die frische Un
bekümraertbeit der Auffassung ebenso überraschten wie durc:
die lebendige farbige Charakterisierung. In dem noch un
verbildeten Talent dieses sehr jungen Malers schienen meb
Kntfaltungsmoglichkeiten zu liegen als in der etwas starret
durch van Gogh bestimmten Form der Bildnisse Josef Scharl-
2,8
'\
,"^^
0
\
LUDW.ALKRHÜ JONAS, DKR MAI KK WAKII A
AUSGCSTKLLI IM KrNüTIKKIIAt.'S, |iM<l IN
I IKK MANN liLtMKNTHAL. ÜILDNISBl STF
AI'SCKSTKI.I.T IN WM AKAUFMir, HF.RIIN. bTAATSIKUS
von dem au dieser Stelle kürzlich ausl'iihrlicli hericlitci wurde.
Hiuen dritten Menschendarüreller lernte man im Jiit^en Kall-
mann kennen. Liebt er es, das Format seiner l'oriräizeich-
nungcn, denen durch die Herühmtheit der Uarj»estellien ein
zusätzliches Interesse gewonnen wird, ins t bcr^roÜe zu
steigern, s<» zeigt sich schon hierin ein peinlicher Mangel
an Selbstzucht, die das J'alent des Autodidakten auf sein
natürliches Maß zurückführen sollte. Aus dem bunten Vielerlei,
das im Reckendorf-Hausc geboten wurde, sei nur ein Bild
des Dresdener Bernhard Krctschmar hervorj;ehob«.'n, das über
das gut gesehene Motiv hinaus durch die feine malerische
Auswertung seines koloristischen Gebaltes angenehm auffiel.
Unter den Bildhauern, die in den Ausstellungen vertreten
waren, stand der Träger des Staatspreises Hermann Blumcnthal
an erster Stelle. Er besitzt ein starkes Formgefühl und ein
selbständiges Gestaltungsvermtigen, das die Hrinnerung an
seine Lehrer Gerstel und Scharff zurückdrängt. Kr ist auch
dem Staatspreisträger des vergangenen Jahres, Paul Merling,
dem man bei den Juryfreien wiederbegegnet, entschieden
überlegen. Im Künstlerhause trat Heinrich Drake hervor,
dessen Art an Kulbes Kunst erinnern mag. Hin liegender
weiblicher Akt darf als gute Talentprobe genommen werden.
Es gibt auch unter den jungen Bildhauern einige, die der
individuell zugespirzten Form eines Lehrers erliegen, wie
Kurt Schumacher etwa sich eng an Gies anschlicht. Im ganzen
aber läßt sich in der stärker handwerklich gebundenen Kunst
der Bildhauer eher eine über den persönlichen Ausdruck
hinausreichende, der Zeit gemeinsame Stilform erkennen.
die den Jüngeren ein sicheres F'undamcnt bietet, als iu der
Malerei, deren extreme Möglichkeiten von der Ju^eiul, so-
weit sie in den Berliner Ausstellungen des Winters /u sehen
war, allerdings nur in Ausnahmefällen genutzt wurden.
Wird die Frage gestellt, ob denn einer und welcher von
den Wegen, die in den letzten Jahren von den Führern
der mit Unrecht noch so genannten »Jugend" gezeigt wurden,
von der heutigen Jugend gangbar befunden worden i>i, •>>
blieben gerade die Berliner Ausstellungen hierauf die Antvvou
schuldig. Man sah in Riub»lf Ausleger einen intclli^cnioii
Nutzniel-Ser der Kunstform Ticassos und Hraipies, Jie I:ciik>
gleich vielen anderen bereits auf den Schulen gelehrt wii\l.
Man sah Otto Nebels abstrakte Kompositionen, die sich gern
in kathedrale Feierlichkeit retten, und Hans Jänischs beschei-
denere Illustrationen, die ihre Anregung von Kandinsky und
Klee beziehen, im ganzen aber schienen die Ausstellungen
denen unrecht zu geben, die meinten, durch den W eg in
die abstrakte Form sei die Zukunft der Kunst eindeutig be-
stimmt. Wie allerdings diese Zukunft beschaffen sein wird,
darüber nach den Ausstellungen der Jugend in Berlin eine
Meinung zu äußern, schiene vermessen, zumal wir nicht sicher
sind, weniger blind zu sein, als Zeitgenossen sich schon
manchmal erwiesen haben. Wir glauben nicht daran, daß
es unbedingt zum Wesen des Genies gebort, von seiner Zeit
verkannt zu werden. Aber die Lage der Kunst in ihrer Ge-
samtheit deutet darauf hin, daß möglicherweise eine tiefere
Wandlung sich vorbereitet, als sie in den individuellen
Sonderformen einzelner junger Talente bemerkbar wird.
249
0
\
LUDW.ALKRKÜ JONAS, ÜIR MAI KK WAKITA
AUSCCSTKLLl IM KCNäTIKKIIAI^S, llKUI IN
MKKMANN HLLMKNTHAL. l'.lLPNlSBi STF.
AI'SCKSTKI.I.T IN lUK AKAliFMir. HF.KI.IN'. &TAATSi'K» :S
von dem au dieser Stelle kür/licli ausf'uiirlicii berichtet uiinie.
Hiuen dritten Menschendar^if eller lernte man im Jiit^en Kall-
mtDti kennen. Liebt er es, das Format meiner rorträizeich-
nungcn, denen durch die Herühmtheit der Dargestellten ein
'/.usätzliches Interesse gewonnen wird, ins l'bcr^roße /ti
steigern, so zeigt sich schon hierin ein peinlicher Mangel
an Selbstzucht, die das J'alent des Autodidakten auf' sein
natürliches Ma!.S zurückführen sollte. Aus dem bunten Vielerlei,
das im Keckendorf-Hausc geboten wurde, sei nur ein liild
des Dresdener Bernhard Krctschmar hervorj;ehobcn, das über
das gut gesehene Motiv hinaus durch die feine malerische
Auswertung seines koloristischen Gehaltes angenehm auffiel.
Unter den Bildhauern, die in den Ausstellungen vettreten
waren, stand der Träger des Staatspreises Hermann Blumcnthal
an erster Stelle. Er besitzt ein starkes Formgefühl und ein
selbständiges Gestaltungsvermögen, das die Hrinnerung an
seine Lehrer Gerstel und Scharff zurückdrängt. Kr ist auch
dem Staatspreisträger des vergangenen Jahres, l'aul Merling,
dem man bei den Juryfreien wiederbegegnet, entschieden
überlegen. Im Künstlerhause trat Heinrich Orake hervor,
dessen Art an Kolbes Kunst erinnern mag. Iiin liegender
weiblicher Akt darf als gute ralentprobc genommen werden.
Es gibt auch unter den jungen Bildhauern einige, die der
individuell zugespitzten Form eines Lehrers erliegen, wie
Kurt Schumacher etwa sich eng an Gies anschließt. Im ganzen
aber läßt sich in der stärker handwerklich gebundenen Kuust
der Bildbauer eher eine über den persönlichen Ausdruck
hinausreichende, der Zeit gemeinsame Stilform erkennen,
die den Jüngeren ein sicheres l^'undanicnt bietet, als iu der
Malerei, deren extreme Möglichkeiten von der Ju^eiul, $»>-
weit sie in den Berliner Ausstellungen des Winters zu sehen
war, allerdings nur in Ausnahmefällen gcnui/t wurden.
Wird die Frage gestellt, ob denn einer und welcher von
den Wegen, die in den letzten Jahren von den Führern
der mit Unrecht noch so genannten „Jugend" gezeigt wurden,
von der heutigen Jugend -gangbar befunden worden i>i, s»>
blieben gerade Uie Berliner Ausstellungen hierauf ilie .\ni\v.»ii
schuldig. Man sah iu Rud<df Ausleger einen intelligent eti
Nutzniel.\er der Kunstförni Ticassos und Hrai|ues, vlie !:ciiu-
gleich vielen anderen bereits auf den Schulen gelehrt uirJ.
Man sah Otto Nebels abstrakte Kompositionen, die sich gern
in kathedrale Feierlichkeit retten, und Hans Jänischs beschei-
denere Illustrationen, die ihre Anregung von Kandinsky und
Klee beziehen, im ganzen aber schienen die Ausstclluugen
denen unrecht zu geben, die meinten, durch den Weg io
die abstrakte Form sei die Zukunft der Kunst eindeutig be-
stimmt. W^ie allerdings diese Zukunft beschaffen sein wird,
dariiber nach den Ausstellungen der Jugend in Berlin eine
Meinung zu äußern, schiene vermessen, zumal wir nicht sicher
sind, weniger blind zu sein, als Zeitgenossen sich schon
manchmal erwiesen haben. Wir glauben nicht daran, daß
es unbedingt zum Wesen des Genies gehört, von seiner Zeit
verkannt zu werden. Aber die Lage der Kunst in ihrer Ge-
samtheit deutet darauf hin, daß möglicherweise eine tiefere
Wandlung sich vorbereiter, als sie in den individuellen
Sonderformen einzelner junger Talente bemerkbar wird.
249
luden in Kassel
1808 - 1933
Eine Dokumentation
anläßlich des 100. Geburtstages
von Franz Rosenzweig
,. ai *.
Ausstellung des
Kulturamts der Stadt Kassel
23. November 1986-31. Januar 1987
Thiele & Schwarz • Kassel
♦« • «4-.^ 4J 4.
ibbatfeier, 1922
c) Julie Ehrenberg, geb. FischeL 1921
Foto
Original, Heinz Ehrenberg, Langenhain
.rvv
ft
m
("^ ,
v4*
'./
f) Polizeipräsident Hohenstein und Vizepräsident Schöny am
Verfassungstag 1932 .
Foto
Foto Eberth, Kassel
3 Antisemitismus der 20er Jahre. Auswahl von Flu
1\
■\0 1
>' j^rr\
üS'söLa. Richard Kunze
a) ,,Soll diese Schmach noch länger dauern? Weg i
herrschaft, Zinsknechtschaft und Schieberwirtschaft '
Flugblatt des Deutsch-Sozialen Blocks
Foto
Bundesarchiv Koblenz
pfii^anboxbtittc möbU
b) ,,Der Drahtzieher"
Antisemitisches Flugblatt des Völkischen Blocks
m: 1933 - Wege zur Diktatur. Ausstellung der Stj
Kunsthalle Berlin 1983, S. 341
Foto
••<-..♦ AJ'. * i.
3 Antiseitiitismi
1922
i.^v-
•US*.
c) Julie Ehrenberg, geb. Fischel, 1921
Foto
Original, Heinz Ehrenberg, Langenhain
«r
'^
ft '
vi«
-^T
• •
Vif Itt]!
Wählt nur '
Deutsch-Sozial
a) „Soll diese Sd
herrschaft, Zinskn
Flugblatt des Deul
Foto
Bundesarchiv Kob
WEli
M
SEIN WERK
HRIFTEN
EBÜCHER
i
FRANZ ROSENZWEIG
BRIEFE UND TAGEBÜCHER
Herausgegeben von
RACHEL ROSENZWEIG
und
EDITH ROSENZWEIG - SCHEINMANN
unter Mitwirkung von
BERNHARD CASPER
2. BAND
1918-1929
HAAG
MARTINÜS NIJHOFF
1979
tlir-i'|-flt •■■WiwM»! M
itcrwerfcrt wollen («Ä«iv
st haben]). Aus dieser klei-
-^xcn Eigentümlichkeit des
ren, nämlich ob ich die
i) bei euch wohnen kann,
an Trudehen, weil ich von
lu und von der Rücksichts-
färbte Antwort erhoffe, ob
mverhältnissen und Trud-
Gebühr zur Last falle. . . .
Abwesenheit meiner Nach-
icht tätig zwar, doch sicher
escr Nächsten wird zum
dazu wahre!) Argument,
e auch in Kassel sein wird,
n habe, wozu ich hier in
Londoner Aufenthalts (!),
ist) unwiderleglich. Also -
ße Weib und Kind. Dein
itwort auf eine Postkarte
\n Meinecke vom 19.7.11.]
m Sie bitte, daß ich Ihre
tbe. Ich glaubte sie durch
[h beantworten zu können,
ich damals dachte; ich
fehe, bis zur Phänomeno-
jr die Datierung der nicht
jenenser Zeit lange aufge-
it bis zur Darstellung
Tovember hoffe ich nun
. Vor Ende des Winters
loUeg gehört ; da ich nun
rde ich solange noch die
Fortsetzung hören, zumal sie grade die Zeit meiner Arbeit be-
handelt. Das Rankeseminar von Geheimrat Lenz habe ich im
Sommer besucht ; von Hintzes Übungen habe ich durch eigene
Schuld nicht viel gehabt, weil ich nicht ordentlich mitarbeitete,
was ich freilich, ohne mich zu zersplittern, auch nicht hätte tun
können - es wurden nämlich fast nur mittelalterliche Urkunden
behandelt. Und Mittelalter ist das Schlaraffenland, in das ich
erst kommen kann, wenn ich mich durch den - mir freilich immer
noch sehr gut mundenden - Hirsebrei der neuzeitlichen Promo-
tion durchgegessen habe.
Gestatten Sie noch, daß ich Ihrei hochverehrten Frau Gemahlin
und Ihnen selbst meinen herzlichsten Glückwunsch zu ihrer
Genesung ausspreche. In verehrungsvoller Ergebenheit Ihr Franz
Rosenzweig.
189 An Gertrud Oppenheim
Berlin, 28.9.11.
Also, im April war ich in Kassel, dann kam eine 2Jeit gedrängtester
Inspiration - eine oder zwei Wochen lang - ,wie ich sie vorher und
nachher kaum erlebt hatte. Gegenstand: das Tragische. Das
Buch wird heißen :
DER HELD
Eine Geschichte der tragischen
Individualität in Deutsch-
land seit Lessing.
In dieser Zeit also, und in dünnerem Strom auch noch die folgen-
den Wochen, empfing ich die Samenkörner für fast alle Kapitel.
Vom Arbeiten an der Dissertation war nun keine Rede mehr, ob-
wohl ich von Tag zu Tag ,, morgen aber sicher" wieder anfangen
wollte. So arbeitete ich zunächst das Einleitungskapitel - ,,über
einige dramatisch-technische Differenzen zwischen der attischen
und der shakespeareschen Tragödie" - aus. Bis Pfingsten war ich
damit fertig, war dann mit Hans und Rudi zusanunen und nahm
mir fest vor, dann alles liegen zu lassen, - die Vorarbeit für das
Lessingkapitel war nämlich auch schon ziemlich weit gediehen -;
das tat ich also auch, anfangs noch nach der Methode des Herrn
119
i
Dick aus David Copperfield ; bald aber, wohl Ende Juni, hatte ich
schon ziemlich Ruhe vor dem Kopf König Karls I. und muß Om
nun noch auf lange hin. sicher bis nächstes Frühjahr, verleugnen;
dann kommt er aber wieder dran, und dann werde ich mit langer
Fronarbeit des Aufpäppelns und Erziehens die Seligkeit der
Empfängnis zu bezahlen haben, denn die Arbeit wird viel viel
umständlicher als ich anfangs glaubte. Aber ich freue mich doch
darauf, denn das Kind wird mir sicher noch viel Überraschungen
machen, die ich nicht ahne. Diese Freude also liegt im Hinter-
grund meiner Existenz an der Kette und beUt manchmal. Im
Vordergrund aber scharren die philologischen Hühner und unter
ihnen ein stolzer psychologischer Hahn, der von Zeit zu Zeit laut
kräht, und dies wird die Dissertation. Im Juli und bis in die ersten
Tage des Augusts schrieb ich das Hauptkapitel - namens, .Frank-
furt" 1797-1800 -; auf das ich mich schon lange gespitzt hatte
und das in der Ausführung sich noch als viel interessanter heraus-
gestellt hatte, als ich selbst vorher wußte. Ich habe es seitdem
noch nicht wieder gelesen und glaube, daß ich literarisch noch
ziemlich viel daran zu tun haben werde, aber fertig ist es doch.
Es ist der Teil des Buches, den du einmal lesen mußt. (..Das
müssen Sie unbedingt lesen!") Leben und Idee noch ineinander-
geknäuelt. oder eine „zweite Wandlung", die Geschichte des
Fertigwerdens eines Menschen. Ich habe es nicht aus subjektiver
Erfahrung schreiben können, denn ich glaube noch nicht so weit
zu sein; wenn es gut ist, so ist es ..Antizipation" in dem Sinne
wie in Dichtung und Wahrheit davon die Rede ist.
Danach war ich zweieinhalb Wochen mit Hans und Rudi in
Dänemark und Norwegen, habe vom Land nicht viel gesehen und
die zweite Hälfte der Zeit auch gut gearbeitet. Seitdem bin ich
wieder hier und bleibe so lange bis ich mit dem laufenden Kapitel
- „Jena" 1801-1806 - zu Ende bin. was sicher noch den ganzen
Oktober dauern wird. Vorläufig bin ich aus der Verzettelung noch
nicht heraus. Dann Freiburg. Weihnachts- und Osterferien wieder
hier und dann ist es möglich (weil die drei Schlußkapitel verhält-
nismäßig kurz sein werden), daß ich fertig bin, ganz fertig, und
köpf voran in den „Held" stürze. Von welch letzterem nun niemand
weiß als du, Jonas, Hans und Rudi, und auch niemand mehr wis-
sen darf, weil ich fürchte, ich würde ihn nicht machen, wenn
jemand davon weiß.
120
r
^
i
t^:
.-'.'*.
Kassel. 1919.
Skizze von Ludwig Jonas.
f
TT'*
..•*
^ i
Jonas.
unterrichtet man sich am schönsten aus Treitschkes Deutscher
Geschichte (so alles über Kurhessen, über die Juden, über Her-
wegh, über Braunschweig usw.).
Über Prag wird wohl in der Einleitung zu den Prager Juden-
brief en^, die voriges Jahr erschienen, allerlei stehen, mindestens
andre Literatur durch die man weiter kommt. Literaturangaben
wird auch Philippsohn in der ,, Neueren Geschichte des jüdischen
Volkes" haben. Über den Vorsänger wird Elbogen in der ,, Ge-
schichte des jüdischen Gottesdienstes" Literatur angeben. Phi-
lippsohn und Elbogen kannst du kaufen (als Mitglied der ,, Gesell-
schaft für die Wissenschaft des Judentums" direkt durch diese
mit starker Preisermäßigung), da ich sie beide nicht habe und
nachher gern übernehme. Herzlichen Gruß Franz.
» Vgl. Nr. 30.
• L. I. Rosenzweig, Drogen- und Lackfabrik, Stammhaus der späteren Farbenfabrik
,»Rosenzweig und Baumann".
• Ludwig Horwitz, Die Israeliten unter dem Körugreich Westfalen, Kassel 1900.
• Alfred Landau und Bernhard Wachstein, Jüdische Privatbriefe aus dem Jahre
1619, Wien und Leipzig 191 1 (Quellen und Abhandlungen zur Geschichte in Deutsch-
österreich, Bd. III).
253 An die Eltern
Berlin, 31.3.15.
Daß Jonas diese seine dienstfreien Tage für mein Portrait be-
nutzen will und ich schon deshalb nicht fort kann (sowie ich auch
hier den ganzen Tag dadurch mit Beschlag belegt bin) sagte ich
schon am Telefon. Wenn es, wie anzunehmen, ein gutes Portrait
gibt, so lohnt es sich ja. Es ist eine alte Erfahrung, daß künstle-
risch wertvolle Portraits von den Angehörigen zunächst nicht
goutiert werden ; später pflegen sie sich aber meist damit zu ver-
söhnen. Selbstverständlich ist Euch nicht der mindeste Vorwurf
zu machen, daß Ihr die Zeichnungen für schlecht haltet. Zur Be-
urteilung einer Zeichnung ist genau wie zu der eines anderen
Kunstwerks nur der fähig, der sich ernsthaft mit Kunst befaßt;
der Laie achtet hier wie überall auf Nebendinge. Von Frauen ins-
besondere kann kein Mensch verlangen, daß sie etwas von Kunst
verstehen sollten (trotz oder vielmehr wegen des ,, Verwandten
NatureUs") ...
179
*
c Riesin". - Auch Siegfrieds
li motiviert geblieben wie im
kfried war wirklich Brünhilds
[licht), wieder viel besser. Bei
?r Esel auch den Gürtel fallen
nnte sich Wagner schon als
l^.e denkt, ist kostbar; sie sind
imene auch. Was geht mich
ien, den „Hebel der Preisbil-
Dies Deutschland kenne ich
linn nichts dafür. ~ Michaelis
pülow. Auszusehen scheint er
. . Ob ich das Schellingianum
llich wollte ich erst das Hegel-
T. ja interessieren muß; das
kurze „Überreicht vom Ver-
lüßte schon die „unbegrenzte
^der nicht. - . . . Kriegsende?
|:ht die Welt oder wenigstens
Isein. Hoffen wir das Beste.
t die Nichtdeutschen draußen.
alle Nichtdeutschen drinnen.
m übrig bleibt und an seinem
F.
27.7.1917.
tte keine erziehlichen Absich-
|ter, Berlin 1917], wenigstens
dasselbe in dem Buch gefun-
Ivismus" ein achtbarer Gegner
cte mich (den „Verfasser von
lation von Positivismus und
Grenzen unsrer Welt hinaus-
I
i
f
I
I
gehen, daß er über sie reisen muß, um seinen antiökumenischen
Standpunkt einnehmen zu können. Daß er das Verhältnis Euro-
pa-Tropen aus der Weiter ober ung, die es ist, umdreht in ein Ver-
hältnis der Sehnsucht, wo also nicht Europa die Tropen in sich
hineinfrißt (wie es ja wortwörtlich seit Vasco da Gama geschieht,
in Kaffee, Tabak, Zucker usw. usw.), sondern Europa sich in die
Tropen zu verlieren scheint. Wie es am zusammengefaßtesten in
der Stelle erscheint, wo er die gotische Kathedrale, in der tropi-
scher Weihrauch von Europäern dargebracht wird, umkehrt zu
einem Schiff, das den Europäer im Geiste in die Weihrauchländer
versetzt ; also der Weihrauch nicht Vertreter der geopferten Welt,
sondern des Gottes dem geopfert wird. Ich habe noch nie den Ver-
such, das christliche Europa zu verleugnen, so sinndeutlich gesehn
wie hier. Den Parallel versuch, die Auswanderung in der Zeit, hat
er schon vorher gemacht, in seinen prähistorischen Romanen. Es
wurde mir daran klar, weshalb Goethe sein prätendiertes Großes
Heidentum nie recht geglückt ist: weil er nicht den Mut zur
absoluten Auswanderung gehabt hat, sondern auf Viertelsweg -
in „Hellas" - steckenblieb. Die Griechen aber smd geschichtlich
durch Paulus und geographisch durch die Renaissance ein Be-
standteil Europas, - also kein Asyl für Europaflüchtlinge. Jensen
erst ist wirklich praktisch konsequent. Sogar Indien „hat ihn nie
interessiert" (dort europäelts eben, und wenn auch erst seit hun-
dert Jahren). ...
4 1 9 An Gertrud Oppenheim
2.8.1917.
L. T., aber hat man denn das Faktum? [vgl. Nr. 408] vertraut
man ? Ich kann dir versichern : Zweifel und Unglauben kennt man
überhaupt erst, wenn man schon den Glauben erfahren hat. Nicht
etwa in einer Rückschau auf überwundene Stadien, sondern ganz
wirklich : man kann das große Nein erst dann erleben, wenn man
schon einmal Ja gesagt hat. Alles was einem vorher wie Nein
vorgekonunen war, das verblaßt dann zu einem skeptischen Ach-
selzucken oder zu einer schläfrigen Gleichgültigkeit. Man er-
lebt dann nämlich zwei Gefühle, die dir beide gleich sonderbar
vorkommen werden : I . den heftigen Wunsch zu zweifeln (den
425
ein ruhiges Weitergehen „von Buch zu Buch, von Blatt zu Blatt",
mein Antworten wie ein Abstauben meiner Möbel und Nipp-
sachen.
I
I
I
I
I!
>•
i
3
Daß Franz [G.O's Sohn] auch schon mein Charakteristikum, die
Frisur, heraus hat, ist komisch. Dabei stand ich zu diesem Ge-
schenk meiner Mutter bis in Jonasens Porträt genauso kühl (ich
dachte früher mir immer eine Frisur ä la Onkel Adam, oben glatt
zurück, hinten fallend) wie noch heut zu dem andern „Mutter-
fluch" meines Lebens, mein - Vornamen. Die Jonasrolle, mich
damit zu versöhnen, wird wohl mal meine Frau übernehmen. -
Grüß die Kinder und vor allen Ilse und Eva [Töchter von Walter
Lob] sehr. Eva ist nun schon in einem Alter, wo sie reist! Ich
muß wohl alle erst einmal wiedergesehen haben, ehe ich es richtig
mir glaublich mache, daß Walter nicht mehr da ist. Ich ertappe
nuch ständig wieder dabei, es vergessen zu haben und dann ist es
jedesmal wieder als erführe ich es grade eben. - Du bist mir noch
schuldig mir zu sagen, weshalb du bei der Güntherschen „Heili-
gen*' nicht über das bischen Kitsch wegkommst. Ich habe noch
immer die Erinnerung „einer ganzen Welt" an das Buch, trotz-
dem es ein Jahr her ist, daß ich es las. ... - Noch etwas: mit dem
Schellingianum quäl dich nicht etwa, es zu lesen; du würdest
nicht genug davon haben. Es ist zwar sehr gut geschrieben (ich
hatte den Ehrgeiz, Ritschis Lob des j ungen Nietzsche zu verdienen :
N. mache seine philologischen Arbeiten so amüsant, daß man
glaube einen französichen Roman zu lesen. - In meinem Fall
sogar ein Kriminalroman „Wer ist der Verfasser'*), aber eben
doch für ein Gelehrtenpublikum. Wenn du das Hegelbuch lesen
wirst, davon wirst du wirklich was haben, und das ist auch nicht
nur Fachliteratur sondern für „allgemein Gebildete" formuliert,
es setzt kein Spezialinteresse voraus, sondern schafft es erst. -
Gestern vor 3 Jahren hatte ich noch zuletzt daran gearbeitet (im
Sommer 15 wieder nur die auch damals schon skizzierten Schluß-
seiten ausgeführt) und heut kriege ich den Druck ! Und bei dem
Hegel wirds noch länger dauern. Dein Franz
1 Nicht Mörike, sondern C. F. Meyer in seinem Gedicht „In Harmes Nächten".
430
5
!
555 An Gertrud Oppenheim
16.8.1918.
Liebes Tnidchen. ich bin wieder hier, genieße das schöne Wetter
und die fast völlige Dienstfreiheit, um so mehr als es - horribile
dictu - wahrscheinlich die letzten Wochen sind. Denn Ende Au-
gust werden hier auch aus den Flakzügen Infantrietaugliche her-
ausgeholt und da ich unter denen die in Frage kommen der ein-
zige bin der aus Standes- und Anstandsgründen ostentativ so tun
muß. als ob es ihm egal wäre, so werde ich wohl sicher dabeisein.
Und dann Ade freie Zeit, anums, Korrespondenzen, Bücher!
(vom Heldentode ganz zu schweigen). Und vor allem, da man
beim Militär immer auf das Nächste sehen muß, vor allem ade
Urlaub, der mir sonst im Oktober sicher wäre. Im Oktober werde
ich wohl schon in B. sein. Mutter schreibe ich von diesen Aus-
sichten noch nicht, ehe es sicher ist. Wozu soll sie sich vielleicht
doch unnütz ängstigen.
Überhaupt Mutter - es ist so maßlos traurig mit ihr. Du hast ihr
mit den beiden Briefen nach Leipzig sehr gut getan. Sie braucht
in ihrer Bodenlosigkeit jetzt Worte, Erklärungen, Äußerlichkei-
ten , viel mehr als früher. Ich sehe mit Trauer, wie rasch sie von
der Witwenerbitterung und dem Witwenmißtrauen und dem
Witwenkultus ergriffen wird; ich hatte sie durch ihre Klarheit
und ihr Voraussehen davor geschützt gemeint, aber es ist nicht
so. Andrerseits ist das ja beinahe gut, denn es gibt einem Gelegen-
heit ihr zu helfen, auch wieder mehr als ich anfangs dachte. Wenn
ich Talent dazu hätte und wäre nicht draußen, so müßte ich sie
jetzt mit Äußerlichkeiten verwöhnen; sie würde die Absicht mer-
ken und doch nicht verstimmt werden. Auf jeden Fall muß ich
ihr zum Geburtstag so lächerlich das eigentlich ist, etwas schen-
ken und zwar keine Kleinigkeit, sondern etwas Üppiges, aber
freilich auch gut Ausgedachtes. ... So bleiben nur irgendwelche
Gesammelten Werke. . . . Der Fehler bei Dostojewski ist, daß sie
das Gefühl hat: aha, er wollte Dostojewskis Werke haben und
schlägt zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe (Das ist aber gar nicht
wahr ; ich habe eine Abneigung gegen Gesamtausgaben und kaufe
am liebsten jedes Werk allein und möglichst jedes auch schon
von außen verschieden ausgestattet; bei Gesamtausgaben wird
mir immer so teils bibliotheks- teils barmizwohhaft zu mute).
• •
594
18.8.1918.
•, genieße das schöne Wetter
m so mehr als es - horribile
'ochen sind. Denn Ende Au-
ügen Infant riet augliche her-
e in Frage kommen der ein-
idsgründen ostentativ so tun
de ich wohl sicher dabeisein.
Korrespondenzen, Bücher!
n). Und vor allem, da man
2 sehen muß, vor allem ade
her wäre. Im Oktober werde
3hreibe ich von diesen Aus-
Wozu soll sie sich vielleicht
traurig mit ihr. Du hast ihr
sehr gut getan. Sie braucht
Erklärungen. Äußerlichkei-
it Trauer, wie rasch sie von
Vitwenmißtrauen und dem
itte sie durch ihre Klarheit
t gemeint, aber es ist nicht
denn es gibt einem Gelegen-
üs ich anfangs dachte. Wenn
t draußen, so müßte ich sie
; sie würde die Absicht mer-
en. Auf jeden Fall muß ich
eigentlich ist, etwas schen-
ndem etwas Üppiges, aber
X) bleiben nur irgendwelche
bei Dostojewski ist, daß sie
Djewskis Werke haben und
>pe (Das ist aber gar nicht
Gesamtausgaben und kaufe
möglichst jedes auch schon
; bei Gesamtausgaben wird
armizwohhaft zu mute). . . .
Denk, ich habe in Warschau doch bestanden; militärisch ist das
^\"o''..! ?'^^'^'^- """ ^ ^'^' '^^^ daß ich dort keine Zeit
auf Bu ffelei verwandt habe, sondern alle auf die „ergibige Po-
lackei 1. Sie war wirklich ergiebig, trotz der Flüchtigkeit. Ich
habe jetzt in einer ganzen Reihe von Fragen ..Ansichten" bzw.
.btandpunkte . Bei meinem Besuch bei Birnbaum in Wien habe
ich es gemerkt.
Manchm^ denke ich, die Leipziger Wochen, besonders die ersten
f ."''l??^'' '^' **''"'' '"^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Krise geworden sein
und der Weg nun wieder bergauf gehen. Der Schreck war ihr ge-
wältig in die Glieder gefahren. AUerdings war sie auch gerade in
Leipzig, an dem Tag wo Jonas mich besuchte und zufälligerweise
am gleichen Tag auch Bradt - so furchtbar zu mir . . Bradt
Akademie etc. haben sich ja zu fixen Ideen von Tod Unglück
usw. verdichtet. Ich glaube sie bedauert jetzt wie seinerzeit Vater
daß ich mich nicht habe taufen lassen. Nach Dresden mitzufahren
habe ich sie gradezu gezwungen, weil ich spürte, daß sie sehen
woUte. ob ich sie ..brauchte'' und deshalb gezwungen sein woUte.
556 An die Mutter
19.8.18.
Ich bin sehr mißmutig, weil sich jetzt die Folgen von Warschau
über mir zusammenziehn. In ein paar Tagen muß ich Skat spie-
len, d. h. mit fünf Stunden Nachtschlaf auskommen. Ich befürch-
te, es gesundheitlich nicht aushalten zu können, da meine Nerven
viel Schlaf verlangen. Ganz abgesehen von der nervösen Auf-
regung, die einem dies „geseUschaftliche" Zusammensein mit
Dienstmännem sowieso bringt. Du hast ja keinen Begriff wie
furchtbar das alles ist. weü du nie etwas derartiges erlebt hast
Außerdem leg jetzt von Zeit zu Zeit Zehnmarkscheine ein denn
em Hauptzweck der Sache ist das Geldnehmen. Wie froh wäre
ich. wenn es genügte, einfach das Geld zu zahlen und dafür
595
n Düsseldorf: jojj, 1032. 960.
Uh. Schriftsteller. Ähnlichkeit
Denken". „Das Wort und die
^tischer König Amenophis IV :
.chiffer: 1225
854), Schriftsteller. Gesprächs-
). Dominikaner, bedeutendster
181
, Sohn von »Edinger, Ludwig:
»Neurologe u. Himforscher in
eigtl. Karl Eduard Schmid,
r- u. Reisebücher: 408
rg (1822-1885) verh. mit •£.,
berg, Hans, geb. Zinmiermann,
Frau von ♦Ehrenberg, Otto
). Sommer, Frau von ♦Ehren-
geboren, lebte von 1904-12 in
♦Sommer, Siegfried auf Grund
t mit dem Kaiser als erster jüd.
m versetzt worden. Ihre Mutter
mn in Kassel als erste Freundin
von Hans und Victor Ehren-
irg, Victor ; übersetzte ♦Dantes
Emigration in London gestor-
S, 711-14, (994), 1061, 1112,
ring, Gattin von ♦Ehrenberg,
t
i
Victor sen., Mutter von ♦Ehrenberg, Rudi. Vgl. Stammbaum
männlich: 1223
Ehrenberg, Hans (1893-1958), geb. in Altona, ältester Sohn von
♦Ehrenberg, Otto (Vetter von ♦Rosenzweig, Georg). Seine Brü-
der: Paul und Victor ♦Ehrenberg. Studierte noch in München,
als FR dorthin kam. 1909 Doktor der Philosophie in Heidel-
berg, danach Privat dozent dort. 191 1 Taufe. Ab 1920 Theolo-
giestudiiun. 1925 Ordination als Pfarrer in Bochum, 1933 Ent-
lassung aus dem Lehramt, 1938 Entlassung aus dem Pfarramt
u. KZ Oranienburg-Sachsenhausen. 1939 mit Hilfe des Bischofs
von Chichester Emigration nach England. Nach dem Krieg
Rückkehr nach Heidelberg: 34, 68, 80, 84, 86, 88. gi, 95, 97,
102, zu, 113, 115 /., 117, 121, 123, 125, 143, 144, 145, 24J //.,
328, 364 ff» 388 f., 404» 405 ff . 41^ f. 44^» 499 ff» 524 ff'.
531 ff'. 543 f» 547 ff'. 55^-56, 55S-63, 577-^0. 605 f.. 631 ff..
634-39. 683 /., 701, 720, 722, 728 /., 735 /., 787 /., 847 f. ,1045.
1075 /., 1133, 1139 /., 1153, 7, 21, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 51, 94, 96,
118, 119, 120, (125), (126), 166, 167, 231, 233, (244), 254, 255,
340, 353, 369, 377, 378, 380, 396, 397, 408, 420, (421), 436, 447,
463, 469, 494, 515, 540, (553), 575, 603, 612, 618, 628, 641, 643,
705, (736), 765, 771, 809, 815, 889, 935, 940 f., 981, 1014, 1044,
1045, 1048, 1053, 1056, 1059, 1083, 1090, 1104 f., 1157 (1158),
1170, 1180
Ehrenberg, Henriette geb. Maas (1781-1845), FRs Urgroßmut-
ter, Frau von ♦Ehrenberg, Samuel Meier; vgl. Stammbaum
männl. : 48
Ehrenberg, Julie (1827-1922) geb. Fischel, verh. mit ♦Ehrenberg,
Philipp, Großmutter von ♦Ehrenberg, Hans, sowohl als von
♦Rudolf. Wohnte damals über 80-jährig in Kassel. In jüngeren
Jahren sehr befreundet mit dem Ehepaar ♦Zunz (vgl. ihren
Briefwechsel mit Adelheid Zunz in „Leopold und Adelheid
Zunz, An Account in Letters, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer 1958"):
124, 580, 24, 39, 180, 421, 448, 539, 545, 600, 962, 968
Ehrenberg, Kurt (1882-1964), Sohn von ♦Ehrenberg, Victor sen.,
Bruder von ♦Ehrenberg, Rudolf: 324, 1208
Ehrenberg, Otto (1849-1928), Vetter von ♦Rosenzweig, Georg,
Vater von ♦Ehrenberg, Hans, Paul und Victor. Vgl. Stanmi-
baum : 69, 94
Ehrenberg, Paul_( 1884- 1960), Bruder von ♦Ehrenberg, Hans. Vgl.
1269
i
Stammbaum. Teilhaber der Fa. Rosenzweig & Baumann. Kas-
sel: 69
Ehrenberg, Phüipp (1811-82). Sohn von »Ehrenberg. S.M. Vgl.
Stammbaum. Lehrer an der Samsonschule in Wolfenbüttel:
180. 263, (348). 366. 1208 .
Ehrenberg. Richard (1857-1921). Vetter von »Rosenzweig. Georg.
Vgl. Stammbaum. Prof. f. Nationalökonomie in Rostock: 365,
502 f., 195. 347. (348). 378. 424. 489. 493. 549 f.
Ehrenberg. Rudolf (Rudi) (1884-1969). Vetter und Freund von
FR, Prof. für Medizin in Göttingen. Physiologe und Biologe,
stai^k theologisch engagiert. Wichtigste Werke: Metabiologie,
Heidelberg 1950. und Ebr. 1026. ein Schicksal in Predigten,
Würzburg 1920: 116, {132-37). H^U-. ^4^ ff-. 150, 1S4U.,
215 f-, 239 ff.. 321-24. 340 f: 351 ff-. 410 f., 420 f., 4S4ff:
514 f., S35, 603 ff., 628-31. 639-43. 715 /•. 755 f-, 7S1 ff: 7S9 /..
5o2/.,ilJ7/..(l),116,119.120,125,(126).(13&-40).145.215f..
231. 233. 265. 270. 336. 340. 343. 364. 369, 374-78, 398. 465.
481. 487. 489. 494. (510). 540. 578. 591. 618. 631. 636. 638. 639,
674. 713. (714). (716). 721. 728. 765. 953. 987. 1049, 1060. 1 167.
1208, 1223
Ehrenberg, Samuel Meier (SME) (1773-1853), FRs Urgroßvater,
vgl. Stammbaum. Gründer der Samsonschule in Wolfenbüttel.
Lehrer und Freund von «Zunz. Leopold: (1). (348). 366. 506.
572.576
Ehrenberg. Victor sen. (1851-1929). Jurist, Prof. in Göttmgen,
Vater von *Ehrenberg, Rudolf, vgl. Stammbaum: 181. (69),
536, 1208
Ehrenberg, Victor jun. (Putzi) (1891-1976), Sohn von »Ehren-
berg, Otto u. Emmi, geb. in Altona. 1922-29 Privatdozent
in Frankfurt, bis 1939 deutsche Universität Prag. 1939 Emi-
gration nach England, lehrte an verschiedenen SteUen Alt-
phüologie und Geschichte des Altertums. 1946-57 Prof. an
der Universität London : 143. iSi. 992 f.. 1007. 1036 f.. 1115 f-,
1202. (239). 243. 258. 271. 273. 308. 568. 712. 1008. 1061.
1089 ,, ^
EhrUch. Arnold B. (1848-1920). jüd. Bibelkritiker. Verf. von
..Randglossen", hebr. u. deutsch: 1064 f.
Ehrlich. Paul (1854-1915). Chemiker u. Bakteriologe. Begründer
der modernen Chemotherapie. 1908 Nobelpreis: 444. 474
1270
352. 388. 629, 7». 723. 1056.
. in Hdddberg, Althistoriker
(1769-1859), Naturforscher:
Lcheröden (1766-1829), verh
815
7-1835), Gelehrter u. Staats-
'. 297, 306. 309. 437, 507, 833.
ilosoph u. Historiker: 86
osoph: 619. 981 . ..
, Edmund: 619
b Esra, Abraham ben Meier,
ischer Kommentar zum Pen-
|pn Maimonides aus dem Ara-
tchter: 28, 183, 419
hrenberg, Rudolf: 1223
Rabbinen der talmudischen
ler Redner : 232 f.
Rabbinerseminar, Rabb. in
itar: „Das erste Buch der
^ York 1974:706, 707, 7JJ,
/., JJ^«//., 257, 709, 812f.,
>5, 1160, 1161, (1181), 1194,
^Jacob, Benno. Studium an
d. Judentums u. am Bres-
talische Sprachen in Bonn,
aarbrücken, 1929-38 Rabb.
., 1942-69 Rabb. in Spring-
Religionslehre 1933, Paths
//., 707, 709, (1146)
2
f
I
Jaoobi, Erwin (1684-1965)» Prof. fOr Staatsrechtslehre in Ldp-
sig:589
Jacobsen, Jens Peter (1847-1885). dftn. Dichter, 84, 476
Jacobus, Adolf (etwa 1883-etwa 1973), Rabbiner in Magdeburg:
257
Jaeckh, Erna, Malerin. Tochter des Hausarztes der Fam. Rosen-
zweig, Dr. ♦Hartdegen. Enge Freundschaft zwischen den Fa-
milien : 534, S50 /., 7^2 /.» 973
Jaeckh, Pfarrer, verh. mit Erna geb. Hartdegen: 127 ff., 131 f.
Jäger, Werner (1888-1961), Prof. für Altphilologie: 1064, (1064)
James, William (1842-1910), amerik. Philosoph u. Psychologe:
1003
Jansen, Studiengenosse FRs : 25, 26
Jantzen, Hans (1881-1967), Kunsthistoriker, ♦Wölfflin-Schüler
1919-31, Prof. in Freiburg: 468
Jastrow, Marcus (1829-1903), jüd. Gelehrter: 1219
Jeanne, Kusine von *Oppenheim, Gertrud: 71, 75
Jehuda Halevi (1083^1 140), bedeutender hebr. Dichter des MA.
Religionsphilosoph: 69, 251, 393, 805, 870, (873), 903, 917, 966,
1167, 1206, 1216
Jellinek, Georg (1851-1911), Staatsrechtler: (102), 108, 109, 111
Jensen, Johannes V. (1873^1950), dän. Dichter. Nobelpreis 1944:
424 f.
Jeremias, Alfred (1864-1934), Prof. für Assyriologie an der Univ.
Leipzig u. Pfarrer. „Das AT im Lichte des alten Orients" 1916:
Ii84,\l65
Jizchak ben Jacob (um 1600), aus Janow: (953)
Jochanan ben Sakkai (1. Jhdt.), führender Rabbi. Begründer des
Lehrhauses in Jawne (Palästina), bewahrte dadurch das gei-
stige Judentum nach dem Fall des Tempels vor dem Untergang :
798
Joel, Carl (1864-1934), Prof. für Phüosophie in Basel: 1232
Jonas, Ludwig (1887-1942), studierte zuerst Medizin in Freiburg,
dort Bekanntschaft mit FR. Maler in Kassel. In der Kunstaka-
demie gefördert von ♦Rosenzweig, Georg u. Adele. Ab 1935 Je-
rusalem: 120, 143, 179, 430, 595, 973, 1036
Josephus, Flavius (37-um 100), jüd. Geschichtsschreiber : 365, 1201
Josi, Name mehrerer berühmter Rabbiner d. talmud. Zeit : (1 181)
Jost, Isaak Marcus (1793-1860), jüd. Historiker: 265, 506
1285
4 •
LEBENSDATEN
25.12.1886
Frühjahr 1905
Sommer 1905
in Kassel geboren.
Abiturientenexamen am (humanisti-
schen) Friedrichsgymnasium in Kassel.
Medizinstudium. 1. Semester in Göt-
tingen.
Herbst 1905 bis Herbst 1906: 2. und 3. "Semester in München.
Herbst 1906 bis Herbst 1 907 : 4. und 5. Semester in Freiburg i. Br.
Physikum.
Winter 1907/08 in Berlin. Am Schluß des Semesters
endgültiger Wechsel des Studiums:
Geschichte und Philosophie.
Sommer 1908 in Berlin.
Herbst 1908 bis Herbst 1910 in Freiburg i. Br. (Meinecke).
Herbst 1910 bis Herbst 1911 in Berlin.
Winter 1911/12 in Freiburg i.B.
Sommer 1912 in Freiburg und Militärdienst in Darm-
stadt. Doktorexamen mit einem Teil
von ,, Hegel und der Staat".
Winter 1912/13 in Leipzig (juristische Vorlesungen)
und Berlin.
Sommer 1913 bis Herbst 1914 in Berlin (Hermann Cohen).
Anfang September 1914: Eintritt als freiwilliger Krankenpfleger
beim Roten Kreuz.
19.9. 1914 bis Ende Januar 1915 in Belgien, dann wieder Berlin.
24.4.1915 Eintritt als Kriegsfreiwilliger bei der
Feldartillerie in Kassel.
1.1.1916 Entfemungsmeßschule La Ffere in
Frankreich.
1 9.2. 1916 zum Flug-Abwehr-Kanonen-(Flak)
Zug 165.
1333
22.8.1918 bis 16.2.1919:
Ende September 1918
6.1.1920
28.3. 1 920
Sommer 1920
Ende Juli 1920
12.3.1916 bis zum Ende des Kriegs auf dem Balkan; dazwischen
verschiedene Urlaube, Tod des Vaters
am 19.3. 191 8. Offiziersaspirantenkurs
in Warschau.
Arbeit am „Stern der Erlösung".
Rückzug der Baikant nippen, als Mala-
riakranker im Lazarett in Belgrad.
29.10.1918 bis 30.1 1.1918 bei der Ersatzabteilung in Freiburg i.B.
Nach der Entlassung Fertigstellung des
„Stern der Erlösung" und „Hegel und
der Staat" in Freiburg, Berlin, Kassel.
Verlobung.
Heirat.
Jüdische Kurse in Kassel.
Übersiedelung nach Frankfurt a.M.
Gründung des Freien Jüdischen Lehr-
hauses.
Einzug in die Mansardenwohnung
Schumannstr. 10.
Ausbruch der Krankheit : Amyotrophe
Lateralsklerose.
Mitte Juni bis Anfang Juli 1922: Erholungsaufenthalt in König-
stein i.T. ; von da an das Haus nicht
mehr verlassen.
Übergabe der Lehrhausleitung an Dr.
Rudolf Hallo.
Versagen der Schreibfähigkeit. Zu-
nächst wurden Briefe und Arbeiten
diktiert, von Ende Mai 1923 an, als
auch die Sprache fast ganz versagte,
auf einer eigens konstruierten Maschi-
ne zunächst selbst geschrieben, sehr
bald, bei schwächer werdender Musku-
latur, nur angedeutet, von seiner Frau
abgelesen und übertragen.
Beginn der Übersetzung von Gedich-
ten des Jehuda Haie vi.
Beginn der Übersetzung der „Schrift"
mit Martin Buber.
Tod.
Mitte Dezember 1 920
Mitte Januar 1922
Anfang Oktober 1922
Mitte Dezember 1 922
Dezember 1922
Mai 1924
10.12.1929
1334
*
s
Aiffiiac:jj coiziiTTi: foh jewisi: falestiic Parti cifation
AT TEIE MT.T TOBK WORLD »S FAIE.
Ivir. A. Evserov,
■Llisöhar w'Taasia,
P.ü. Box 6021,
Tel Aviv, Falestine.
De er Evscrcv:
•»T
l^ov einher 2?, ig^O
ueyer W* Weisgal
Director
ik£ you no doutt knov;| X7e have a n^jnfcer cf works of art — paintinss^
scul;;turc, etc. — v;hich are the- property of ralestine artists. ^ llst
Ol the ov.'nera Lind t'^.eir respectiv^ property is enclosecl hererrith. The
paintings, sculptvre, etc. ..re nov- ^ eiii^ ^:roperl;- packed av7ay aiK^. i^^ill
be kept in stcia^e xOi evcntucl leturn tc Tlisch-iir '».'j'Taasia Tor distrituti^K
to the proper G'":r.ei'3.
1'2, vie^^"
T«T.
jl' t-^e diff ic-iltie: er tr ."^^^ jcrtat
t-re enor:iou3 er-iper.ses invclved, r.
th
Teel t^.at it 7:ould te advisatle to ret=.in
States for the durstion oT the war, suhjec
the artists nay desire to ^ive us. It kas
nay desire to designate certain individual
.States in v;liose custod' thev v:oulä vrant th
i'^r^ '*".'-cse day£ cn cccont of
ot to sperk of the risk, t;c
this nateiial in the United
t to rhutF-Ycr instructions
occured to us that the artists
s er arganij;ations in the United
eir property placed.
Ilay I ask you therefore to ^:l6ase corrmunicate 7:1 th these artists and
ask then to send the necessary authorization and designation. Since^
tliTie is of the escence, niay I ask you to please send your reply by
airroail v.lthout deloy.
i^ith nany thanks, I an,
Cordially yours,
( Signatare )
Hey er H^ T/eisgal
Director.
/.
V?^-/-»)^
o
Henry Montor , Esq» |
TJnlted Palestlne Appeal^
New Yorkt
Maroh Jrd, 19^1
{•
Dear Uontori
I Bhould llke to reaueet your aBsiBtanoe wlth regard to the
followlng matter: Mr. Ludwig Jonas, a Jerusalem °'*i»*' ^'^jJ^'V .?^tr>n
of ourSflegatea. had exhlblted two palntlngB in the ^^l^f i^J^^^'^i^^f
of ?he New fork Jorldt- Fair. In Tlew of t^%P^««^^\8^«"* f ff ^,S!
of traneportatlon, the piotureu (two vlews of Jerusalem, one ^^ oll-
palnting and the ither a drawlng) will have to remaln In New York for
?he durftlon of the war. You would pbllge me hy ^-f^^X"^ ''^\^
Dictures hung In a sul table place In the omces of the "?*, or If
Sreferable, ?n the offlcea of the Keren Hayesod or some other Zio^^»*
^nBUtutloi. Should Bomebody ahow an intereat in these worka, Mr. Jona»
iB alBO preperod to seil thom,
The plotureB are now In Charge of the Aaerlcan COTmlttee for
T..i«h Paleatine ParuSlpatlon at the New York J^orWa Fair. Please get ,
ijllwthTr. TiSisgal who will hand them -r to you I ahould
appreclete a few llnee Indloatlng where you have declded to place these
picture8# **
Wlth best thanka and greetlnga
Yours ölncerely
L# Herrmann
r>
LUDv;iG jon;»s
HOUöE MORCOS,
l^amlllali Jtreet,
JERUdALBI,
Meyer ;/. Weisgal, Director,
American Coininittee for Jewiah Palestine Parti clpat Ion |
at the New York vVorld's Fair,
New York,
Dear Jir,
I have requested Mr« Henry Montor of the United Palestine
Appeal, New York, to take Charge of the two picturea I had exhibited
at the Palestine Pavillion of the New York World» s Fair. Please hand
over these pictures to him on his requeat#
Yours faithfully.
L« Jonaa
**
o
,*%•••«►•«•♦»•• .^
•<• /»• «•■ • i
' #•«••*•■««« 1^ ^
..MISCHAR w'TAASIA" (TRADE & INDUSTRY) Publishing & Exhibilion Co., Lid.
»m"- <»«••
In reply plea«« quott
uuAviv.th* 19i41 "»Kiiaaa lü. t)v,a»aK-Vn
P. 0. B. 31 T»l HJjH jyri [3 3 ^;j '33 2ST «V« 21 •"! -B
. J. H
jJinTn v
nnBun) irron.
/
I ••
. •
/•'. /■
;> '. ■. I '
^. '1
I
r^",-.,V'.-'''-.
I \
I . •' [ '
\
\
I
i \ *
. . . ' ■ '. •
,', I
.■ '. 1
I •
I
1
I j t •' ' '■ ■' • ■ ■ •
I .1 ' ■
(
f
I
I , • • f
I t
S I
' •
\
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(
' )
.. «
,(
.. . •• !
' ' ' ' '1 * ; '
•Ii » < ; < I
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< ' i ; ' , ' ,
• .1 .
I ,
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•»
*.
Correspondence relating to the paintii^ and drawing exhibited
in the Plaesti ne Pavillion, New York World» s Fair, 1939
(from Rudolf Jonas, received 1952)
y
o
•'^"'':^ girlS^VJ^ m^:^i^^ r.u<Ticn:.Tio.
P.O. Bo:: 6021,
Tel ..viv, Pale st ine.
•n
i^G...r Lvcrrov:
KoverahGr 27, I940
Meyer TT. Weisc.;l
Director
' f
"T.:, -r.
)
O
^tates-for^th tüt^ or^r't' \:^ '^uiliL^'t^ "f'^'^^' j^ the United
pt^tcs ir. '.-hose cuctod:- they v;ould v;ant thcir p?operty plac?d ""^^"'^
6
■.■■>^ IC o. thc c3cence, ma. I^cisl von t'^^'V"" '^'"^'^ ^icsisnatlon. Sine
r.irr-il ..ithout acloy «^^ ^"^ please send your rc oly by
• • • •»
Uiil ,
Cordlally yours,
(öi^nature )
Eteyer ¥, Weisgal
Director.
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Uonry Montor, Eaq, ,
United Palestlne Appeal^
Kew Yorkf
Maroh Jrd, 19^1
{•
Dear Montor^
«
I should lllco to r«q.ueBt your eaalatanco v/ltli regard to th©
followlng matter: Mr, Ludwig Jonas, a Jerusalem urtiat, brother of one
of our delegatea, had exhlblted two palntinga in the Palestino Pavlllion
of the New York World» s Fair. In vlew of the present great difflculties
of transportation, the plcturej (two views of Jerusalem, one an oll-
palnting and the othor a drawlng) will have to remain in Kew York for
the duration of the war. You would ,oblige me by havlng these two
( picturea hung In a auitable place in the off^coa of the UPA, or If
preferable, in the Offices of the Keren Hayesod or sonio other Zionlst
' institutlon. Should aomebody show an iutereat in these works, Mr. Jonas
la also prepared to seil them»
The picturea are now In Charge of the American Committee for
Jewlah Paleatlne Partlcipatlon at the New York .Vorld's Fair. Plerse get
in touch with Mr. M, Weisgal who will band them over to you. I should
appreciete e few linea indlcatlng where you. have decided to place theso
plcturos.
With beat thanka and greotinga
Yours aincorely
kS-^ — -^
L. Herrmann
(
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LiTj.viG jon;^
HOUüE MORCOS,
Mamillah Jtreat,
Meyer .V, V/eisgal, Director,
American Coiamittee for Jewish Paleatine Participatioiii
at the New York v'/orld'a Fair,
New York.
Dear »^ir,
I have requested Mr, Henry Montor of the United Palestine
Appeal, New York, to take oharge of the two picturea I had exhiblted
at the Palestine Pavillion of the New York Viorld^s Fair. Please hand
over these picturea to him on his requeat*
Yours faithfully^
L* Jonas
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„MISCHAR w'TAASIA" (TRADE & iNDUSTRY) Publishing & Exhibitlon Co., Lfd.
In reply plra«« quott
ab/a^ ^Oli/.y
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seit 1810
18 19-1840
seit 1820
1811-1837
seit 1830
MIIINKKI^ KARL FRIEDRICH /JA^VH^Cm^ I
geb. lyHi in Heuruppin; gest. 1841 ht Berlin
Architcktcnausbildung bei David und Friedrich Gilly in Beriin und an
der Kgl. Bauakademie in BeHin; zunächst alt Maler tätig; Verfasser
von Lehrbüchern
1 8 1 o- 1 840 als Architekt in der staatlichen preufischen Bauverwal-
tung in Berlin tätig
Mitglied der Kgl. Oberbaudeputation, der obersten
preußischen Baubehörde; zunächst für »Prachtbau,
Hochbau und die Bauten bei Hofe* zuständig
»Sammlung Architektonischer Entwürfe . . .<
Professor an der Kgl. Bauakademie, vor allem Prü-
fungstätigkeit
»Vorbilder für Fabrikanten und Handwerker . . .<
als Oberbaudirektor der Kgl. Baudeputation Leiter die-
ser Behörde; zahlreiche Repräsentationsbauten für
Staat und Kirche, Königshaus, Adel und Bürgertum in
Preußen, vor allem in Berlin; Grundsätze für eine staat-
liche Denkmalpflege in Preußen; zahlreiche Gutachten
und Entwürfe für den Theaterbau
I «40- 1 842 »Werke der höheren Baukunst . . .<
SCHLIEPMANN, HANS
geb. i8ss in Straußberg; gest. 1929 in Berlin
Architekt und Schriftsteller in Berlin; Mitherausgeber der Zeitschrift
•Berliner Architekturwelt.; zahlreiche Aufsätze zur zeitgenössischen
Architektur in Berlin
SCHMALZ, OTTO
geb. 1861 in Carthaus (Westpreußen); gest. 1906 in Berlin
Architekturstudium an der Technischen Hochschule in Berlin-Char-
lottenburg; Mitarbeiter des Architekten Ludwig Hofmann am
Reichsgerichtsbau in Leipzig und des Architekten Paul Walloc am
Reichstagsgebäude in Berlin
1 894- 1 906 Lehrtätigkeit an der Technischen Hochschule in Berlin-
Charlottenburg
1895. 1905 in der Bauabteilung des Preußischen Ministeriums für
öffentliche Arbeiten in Berlin tätig; Land- und Amtsge-
richt I in Berlin-Mitte
Leiter der städtischen Hochbauverwaltung in Berlin-
Charlonenburg
h^^^l}uA^A^^
1906
SCHMIDT, KARL
i:i'b. 1 87); gest. 1948
I ahrikbcsitzer
1907 Gründer und Direktor der Deutschen Werkstätten für
Handwerkskunst Dresden(-Hellerau)
Mitglied des Deutschen Werkbundes
Mitglied der Deutschen Gartenstadtgesellschaft
SCHMrmflHKtt, FAUL
M 1B84 m Lmaerbmg (Eismß); gest. 1972 m München
Ardiitcknintudium an den Technischen HochwAulen in Karlsruhe
und München; zunächst als Mitarbeiter des Architekten Richard Rie-
merschmid in München tätig
1911-1914 Villcnkolonie in Breslau
1911-1917
1914-1917
1916
1918-1949
1920-1925
1911
1911
1914/15
1918
1919/30
seit 1933
Architekt im Reichsamt des Innern in Berlin ^S*
Gactenstadt Staaken in Berlin ^
Wohnsiedlung Plaue bei Brandenburg (Havel)
Lehrtätigkeit an der Technischen Hochschule in Stutt-
gart; zahlreiche Bauten in Süddeutschland, vor allem in
Stuttgart
Wohnsiedlung »Goswinkel< in Baden-Baden
u.a. Wohnsiedlung für Bergarbeiter in Moers
Fabrik der Fa. Werner und Pfleidcrer in Stuttgart
Haus des Deutschtums in Stuttgart
Mitbegriinder der gegen die >Ring< -Architekten (um
Gropius, Häring und Mies van der Rohe) gerichteten
Architektenvereinigung >Der Block«
Schule in Zuffenhausen
Repräsentant narionalsozialistischer Kulturpolitik in
Standesorganisationen der Architekten
SCHMITZ, BRUNO
geb. 18^8 in Düsseldorf; gest. 1916 in Berlin
Studium der Malerei und Architektur an der Kunstakademie in Düs-
seldorf; zunächst als Mitarbeiter des Architekten Hermann Riffart in
Düsseldorf tätig
1883 Viktor-Emanuel-Dcnkmal in Rom (preisgekrönter
Wettbewerbsentwurf)
Oberösterrcichisches Landesmuseum in Linz
als Architekt in Leipzig tärig
Hotel Imperial in Dresden
Übersiedlung nach Berlin
NationaWenkmal in IndianapoÜs (USA)
Kaiser- Wilhelm-Denkmal auf dem Kyffhäuser
Tonhalle in Zürich
Wettersäule auf dem Schloßplatz in BeHin
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal am Deutschen Eck in Ko-
blenz
Gewerbeausstellung in Berlin-Treptow: Haupuusstel-
lungsgebäude und Restaurant mit Festsaal
Kaiser- Wilhelm-Denkmal in Halle
Völkerschlacht-Denkmal in Leipzig
Palais Stollwerk in Köln
Städtische Festsäle »Rosengarten« in Mannheim
Villa Stollwerk in Köln
Weltausstellung in St.Uuis (USA): Deutsches Haus;
Wohnhaus Schmitz, Sophienstraßc in Berlin-Charlot-
tenburg
Oranienbrücke in Berlin-Kreuzberg
Geschäftshaus Automat, Friedrichstraße in Berlin
Gildehaus des Papier- und Druckgewerbes in Berlin
Weinhaus Rheingold, Potsdamerstraße in Berlin
1883/84
1884/85
1885
1888-1893
1890-1896
1891-1895
1894/95
1894-1897
1896
1896-1901
1896-1913
1 899/1 900
1899-1903
1901/03
1904
1904- 1906
1905
1905/06
1907
ß
years 1.07-1970. ^el ^Av^v, ^Ga^^^th Art Publishing,l'971 .
the
2S
n^iinn ni^^xK nni n^naxn nnn nniü nK ini''>{"»3 iix"» Kirr
h^ nbM^n nx^Vcn hniö^ löxn n^im nx i>dqV D'»'»wy an piir
A. Orland (1954M887) lib'DX nnx
onryn niw rxDK Txa::^ .pxn n^^iDn n^majaxH nnina a'^n
-Dn l?y3 ,i'»'»>^D ini<^ n^y xm .D-^iiirn D^^nTion D"»;2*iTa npm
n^öTpxn ^ir npacn:in <3:dk „Tonn m:DK ''TDn;Da 21 dio^d
Kin ,D*?ix .n^nnsrzDH riDii^xn irriir^Kn n^yon nnx iniir ,p^?a
inbD'» xiK n'Din n^i n- :id"» nn'^-i h^dm Vnvtr^ /'T''':r ^I^^
-nnir onv:: mTn;3a ip^ym lasr \ ^^n^ nmar nntra nnr^^n
D'^^üDn nnr o^Dn ^D-^nv:: wvi mm nxn n"»^!?Dn n"!*»!«.!;:
.•»m • 1 D2i:i'»yai ^ain-^ön Diii'^yn
.pK nvnV ü-'^nn nvii^i Di^^n^ iiroa inn^*» t^wir pi">D/:d ik
nuQK Dr^bb yoai rT»2n nx arsr f]'02b .m:\3nn ,pt^D ,nnDü;3n
m :na nDo.rn^n nn "i;2:i p-^s '^st-hk ,r:Qn ]ü k^it td^dd
-rr:; innnzD n-^trin nVa'»:i ^a-'p ,7;:i:ilnüD^ roi tk .n'»'?!;^ ^a^i
,Voina .•»T'»s?T Di; ivnn .n*T>2a]T'mD^an,TöipKm;a'?nnia
iTöipxa viiö'»^ m ^m xin .n*»;: Tpi<a iqt inixa td^ kih dait
/'Vix^ •»:ö'? pio Tn,, nai'an ^t»"»: n'»;3ipx3 .nu"''»ü::na 1913-a
inr nuiiTjnn naonjan maira .-»r ipK i'»'»:: *ixina imx nnanir
n^^ n^y i92rn .^•»'»^iD ^nipz-a rr»; v iii"»d;3 ,n'»on •»^d ^y mroD
nirt r'^^ipt^n nr-»« ,iD'»''i n^^^^ 1 73V nr nDo-ir^aa .d-'D"» in^<n
tr"y man^i nim;3^ tmön"n'»aa unin nit?n ^a^'? nina r^<3
lan n^n .ixTiir^n •»a'^irn ^Dor-n^aa pi a-jax-^na •»pon^
i948"a no^ ^i"»*! ^3n^ nsnn lan nxi nno"» tk^ D-'a^xn mnx
.ni:;3Tn onoa nar i942-a nv^n 's iüddh ,nTi:iKn "»^an r^
n^^ ^^»••»raxai lötr^a ^ax; xin ^io"»di nva t;^'»^ iDon"'»naa
D^^in ^y aanni ,nina^ mi ,n:in nia*in Vyai ^^ai:'D d^x
Kb^ fi-^Van ^x «am n-»?! nxr !?a; 1 .rr^a^ar^nn niana D^an*i
••»y^^n D^iÄxn "»riin ni< npDtrr ,nr i;oai D^mD^iia aiirnn'? na^irr
•^%T nxi lansr nx ri'»^ ,naip'"" y^ ^ya n'»'»:: n^^ .'^^<a on
Dy mann v^n T\^w antrr ,*i^'»5i'r naa nn 0173^12? ^D^'^ii'^^in r:;
i'ü n-^w^NH n^nii-^Nn niaoön t' ^i^in^ ^^a ^i^sra^: Dyi ina
jiaa^i" n^tt^iiHH iniöia dud^ -»Vai
n^iü^tt^n n'»-f?ynai;3T'»:ümüo^ar^iannaDn?3n ^;2''a .tu
m. , in "T'^xV nain lor imi<a . pxaa oip''aaü'»^iDa miD n%n
•)aa iTH ,!?>nir'»-n^ imVya .njonon ^rnaoi Dni<o';3ip ^ir
-iT7 Dö'^ inan .D'»aaV nco-n^aa Tn^-nai^irn Tiy 1927-a
i'»''^:^ nann ^in nanrna n:^^iinttr „naion i:;2o rji i^^tron
mi<nan nüO"»ro nxin iiüO"»'t :D'»öDniD?3 d^s^"»« ^::? nixjpm
PK*? nrnwi onsa ^n 1932-1928 u'^i^^ nm (vno) risnxa
^^2in .TntnrT orüo DniD^ trni;3irn'»aa ^i>:i^ n^mb nj^ana
i93ra .(1928) vnon n^xoai ixiiXDijiaij'DjjT ]i^^<oa onca
KiaD.n .ij'?"T:K-ia n^K nn^;a D-'Tin^ ü'':;2j< nanrna nnnirn
nnnI:^^ i93n 1930 ,1929 D"»:ira /nn ^XDi'rut ana ^i'^üpV
D'»^^l1Ka nnV^ia T^n^-nansrn iiy .D-^nDni:;! Q>:Dxn ^tr n^Koa
.ina axüom romriK Din: lana ^n^üp^ Kia;3n .(1929) ii$'t
mann ^ya ,Dsrü"T»:K ^"»x r"»ütt?na .^^ n\n n:ii ^^ in'»;:«'?
Dv nn*» iK ,ma'»7n D^sra ,nam n^airn bv2 pi nann n'»nu;3X
"?,!? pa anynn^ ^Va Tijn p d*»:^ miiz^y -»ns; ,Tna dik nxr
'»D-'rrtiK ^r-^ayDi nan n^a*» D''^;;d ^•»^Diiii^n .pi<a D^:?3Kn
^sr ü'^TVün ,D^r:i Dna:\ nviQT Ditt^n*? nann ,^m d^k n\*it7
mv!2a .nüinni n*?p D-'iip-na^ina D''a">'>D:i;2m a^i ';3'ii:?n niria
^a^aK^bn ma-^aoi o^^t^^n^ niina ,DDn-yaüi D'»ö'ia ,D'»aa^;2n
-»ir'?i ya:^^ in^inn nx n'?:ion ^nQ*»!;: n'^üD^jvo^DD"'« nr:^: nia^'j
nnv:2 n^inn ü'^übM nbi^ nniasra .nü^'';Dn -»jd ^y ma
•»inrD Tia"'yö n^irn ,nn^^ na*»! pa tr-' jia '»dmü^ m?2^tinü)
mninHn D-^atra .d-'pdikö ^^ ,D"»zDn ö-^jina ann ^y "»wvn ,mi
D'':;2Kn V«ip T»a Ka x*? ,intt^i< niö nnx iin^^ai ,nnnaa "»n
i<7öi Tjm^xra^ ^r^b^vb ^bn .Dn^mansrna nnmrn t<^ ^ki
nanyn no"»iri^ k^ nxi nnarx^ kV ini» nnx nar ^b) mino
0:1 i'?*) ,iny'?') ,invs nx niox*? niü k^ ^^k .D'':'inyn nnxa
.nyux inaT^nanrn
L. Jonas (1942^887) DXiV i'^a^l^
V^öK b:iK np'Dxn^i ,i^yiaa ^q^ ; (nn^nA) aia;Dlnaa i^u
Vsx nvxi ,rHaa T»^n mai:* an nx -»ntj? äkid t^'?^ ,p^^mx
nbv n^üM n'»'?^ dsr .mö^mrn^ ono^ i/oa i9ira .n:mp o-'aib
nisr Tn'»"nanyn .D'''?tt?r'»a ini:iö tjip;^ nx yapi pK*? i935"a
^^ nanyna niv ^aa :^'»:2n pna-^V oao na^rna nai:na i928-a
n:t:^a .px^ n^y D^^ai non^i^ o^a 1933-a .r^iaa "n'^i^ipm.
D-'^wn'» ^Du ann ^y ,mr:: wT^ü"»xai pra np-^a 1937/38
D'^ya^a önaiiron ,D*ann G'»nüt2;^aa dn^y ,ni"T»o Dir D'»-m>n?:3'r
~D*» D-'Di:*? Tin'»a'i ^nsn-'x •»du^ impin inv::» nann .Dn^^a
'Z3Vün^^ ni:n imx k^-'q D'»'?tt?ii'»a "»nti; D^au;n ür.^a .D'»"':ia'n
•»'»i^^ä'7 «^-»m tTDrrax 1''':^ ^I^^ .nKnan m^i:; rxn;::^ hk^^d
ni]i'»;3n nx xiij;^^ ^nn^^n mpD ^aa .D'»ya:in m'>^.3\x^i sraün
•»n .0'''?^^'' nn *?tt^ Tin,vn'?\n nx raub nin*^ na ^Dxinn
,'»ö'»a5n D^ira ^irsn onan^ p-^n Va^ nv: vv:> nimr nnnaa
iMiir D"»«!!?!:;! .D-^myan ü^np^in Dnan-'^a imx t\M «iKtrir
nviDT /Dnra nviQT ,D'»^;Da ,nn'o ,maoö : n^j^-^aDn in'»T)nQ p^rr
ip"»yai ,Dn''y rD'»'?irn' niain*i ^dm nsiz; ^y ,nDp-»na •»'»n ,D'i:*3
H'^^^^n nmy;an in'ttt?'»n maa .•»iiTtrny bv ^'»'Jir ^iDi^y^ipin
ynn'?! D^'^aiöxn VDiaa^ nt^pin "»ya^in ai:i'»yn ^y na^inn^
,D'»^trrT» '»Dija np-^yai D'>'»iia'»n"D>n inaa nnin am: ^^^vüb
J11K10 nycu^a imx «•»^cnn ,nxna V«; imno\'D ona nxntr
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ZUM GEDÄCHTNIS
0 1:S MALFRS
Uiil.S
VON
l!l:l\'/ POI.lT/riR
ß. Febr.ipH-3
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Ansprache
zum Gedächtnis
deö Malers L ^i d
w 1 g
Jon
a ö
( 1887 - 1942 )
c
behalt 3 n von
Heinz Politzer
in Jerusalem am 13. ITebruar 1943
Edition Dr. Peter Freund
Jerusalem
c
.^'Xtmt,^'*^
"*tf^^ ■
f
c
JL
\
In hohem Verstand ist der "^.06 des Kanst]ers der ."Erlöser sei-
nes ¥erks'i Alles \7\7Chernde vnd Atmende? Zufällige und Verhindliche ;
cie fzroßen Teidenschrften und die kleinen P.estechungen der Bior;rc.-
phie, -eichen zurück und ^^^^i^rden 'v^t^senlos^ in f^rpusrmer, schreiben-
der ^Jc\cktheit steht df/s ^releiscete da, d^s sich des Lebens bedient
h£tte9 um Gestolt, um 13\7i€rkeit zu 7rerden.
as' Hin^f^fT verstrichen ist,
, v;ie es da rn der '''£?nd han-'^t
n, Schicht nach Schicht • Kei-
nes sun.«^ wurde als die letzte
strnd sie nicht mehr vor dem
cretriehen w^r. Des Bild ver-
ch ein; es besaU ihn 5 es mrch-
sein licht und sein Dunkel,
ne Ahnung und seinen Stolz,
ein^^and über '^resicht, das ei-
l'^eister und Or^f'^r zugleich,
sei er m d?.ö Lnde frelrnrt
nis ein Denkmcl geworden, und
on. Dann krm die Kr£^-^kheit
In dem Jrhr, dr.s seit ludwicr Jen
het sich sein Selbstnortrpit aufgenan
und spricht. Langsem ist es entstände
ne r^enjgte .der schpff enden ^'and r jed-:
begonnen ' doch da sie beendet ^"^ar, be
Blick des Kaiers, der tief nach In^en
zehrte den Fann» es schlang ihn in si
te ihn zum. Besessenen- so erhielt es
seine Humanität und seinen Trieb, sei
Besicht legte sich auf der gleichen I
ne löschte doS andere aus und als er,
den rinsel fort/;rab und bekannte, nun
mit seiner Kunst, da schien das ;Bild
mehr ein Tonument, denn eine Co^fessi
und dann kam der Tod.
"Mun hi^o- das Bildnis da? nun wandelte es sich, ylll die r^ner-.
gien, die es auf gesogen, die unendlichem^ Stunden des Lebens, die^
daran hingegeben waren, ^rirkten vreiter und -veiter fort: sie .arbei-
teten sich selbst. Das T^ild hincc da durch dieses Jahr in der Sonne
der JTittacie und im fröstelnden Licht der Lamne, in der goldenen Ro-
te der Mor^.en und in den kareren Minuten d-r Bläue, die diesem Tan-
de die Dämmeruner schenkt. Des Licht, dem es dargebracht war, kam zu
ihm, befreite es, erlöste es, nahm teil ^n der «rewaltigen endgül-
tigen Arbeit, die sich in ihm vollbrachte. Das Bild hub an zu le-
ben in einem anderen, gründigeren Sinne als in dem^ den unser Le- ,
ben inne h^t, es lebte von ^rnaden des Seistes allein, Kreatur des
Künstlers, C}eschöT)f des i:enschen. Bald lächelte es, si>-nlich und
übersinnlich zugleich- bald schauerte es vor den Schatten, die das
Auge, das gemalte, des Falere nun sah- bald leuchtete es erfüllt
in Selbstb-sitz, bald war es vor das ^enseits als ein Sniegel ge-
halten, in dem sich ein Strahl, ein Fauch, ein Laut der anderen >.e-
Stade fin^. Atmete die Brust nicht unter dem Femd , das sie bedeck-
te? Trf nk'nicht das Auge "^Yelt und Ueberwelt? Snrach nicht von ."Ge-
heimnis der T'und?
Nichts mehr von Denkmal, nichts von Selbstgefühl! Eine Seele
spricht sich aus, zagend, ob man sie höre? selig steigend aus den
eigenen Wurzeln. Durch Schicht und Schicht, so -^ie sie der Faler
gemalt hatte, durch Sestalt und Gestalt, durcl} alle die chemischen
Blendungen der Farbe tut schönf erischer Seist sich kund. Das Beste,
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das sich herbstlich in dem Joanne ^^esawr-elt hatte,
ne Feisterschaft und seiner Keistersch?f t Grenze,
damit sie sich erfülle; sein Vvt und seine Demut,
tum, das seine Sittlichkeit ^ar .
lebt d>-rin; sei
selbttgetteckt ,
sein Kunst 1er-
>Iicht -vffir haben uns s^ewondelt, die wir es sehen« das Bildnis
selbst wuchs und wandelte sich: es wird wachsen und sich Wendeln,
solange es einen Menschenblick ergreifen und ihn zur Liebe bewegen
kenn. Denn der Künstler im Ifenschen ist nichts als das Instrument,
das der Geist führt bis an den "^nkt , an dem der Geist "restalt, das
Unfaßbare Wirklichkeit geworden ist. Doch arch diese Gestalt ist
nur vorläufig, diese Wirklichkeit nur ^dingt, und es bedarf der
ungeteilten Gegenwart des Geistes, diesen Punkt zu erkennen, an
dem das Werk sich entscheidet rnd der Künstler dahinter zurück-
tritt. Doch vermag der Künstler dies, vermag er den schmerzlich-
sten Verzicht zu leisten, den Verzicht auf das Werk unter seinen
Fänden, dann erfüllt sich das Werk aus eich selbst, T.rst dann voll-
endet es sich aus der eigenen Befugnis seiner Kacht , dann gerät
es aus eigenen Stücken in die Vollkommenheit. Vor dem Geiste ist
alle Kunst, wie die PhilosoTDhie, Hebammen-Kunst,
Der Fann auf diesem Bildnis wpr Geister, Er hatte sein Werk
als Handwerk gelernt, er übte es und er liette, es zu lehren* Er
war l'eister, indem er die überkommenen Formen der Kunst sich aufs
Neue gewann und sie sodann erfüllte nit den Abenteuern seines Au-
ges. Er war Meister in dem Rang, den er einnahrp und wie eine Fe-
stung verteidigte gegen den Anst)ruch des geraeinen Allgemeinen, des
Halben, des Leicht-Fertigen. Aus einem Guß, wie sein Bildnis , steht
er da: wie sein Bildnis Schicht um Schicht seines "esens zur Ein-
heit bündelnd und bändigend.
Gerade war er und er liebte die '^-erade ; sie kehrt in seinen
Gemialden immer wieder, als der "Flr^t eines Daches, als der T^e.nd
eines Tisches, als der Damm eines Ufers, als der Pfeil seines Augs
in die Ewigkeit. Dieses Gerade seines "^/esens, diese Gerade in sei-
nem Werk war dem Ornament abhold, der bürgerlichen Lügender Schmin-
ke , mit der sich die Leere das eigene Mchts vertuscht. Er sah die
Dinge der Welt; er sah sie an, die Gesichter und Landschaften; un-
bemäntelt boten sie sich ihm der und ginc^en willig ein in sein
wahrhaftiges Werk. V/ahrhaftigkeit aber ist immer Revolution; ist
Umsturz und Bewahren in einem: so prägte denn dieser konservative
Revolutionär die V/elt aufs neue, indem er sie der Lix^e entkleide-
te und das Wesen der Wesen darstellte wie am ertten Tag; weise und
mächtig wie ein Kind.
Weil Ludwig Jonas wahrhaftig wer, hielt er die Treue. Aber
nur eine Treue ist es, der der Künstler anhangen derf, anhangen
muß, will er sich selbst bewahren: Er hielt der eigenen Kindheit
c
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n «i«! * I MI 1 riM ■•»>f '
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aie ireue. Jener Zeit, da die ^velt der n."türlichen Zar^ber voll, da
jeaes Din<7 selbstverständlich und ma/risch, die r.rde des Pcredies
ist und die Folie zuf^leichr da die Te^e riesen/jrof< vor licht und
die ^lachte unendlich vor 3chrecken einher :ehen und die ttummen Mn-
'^e warten, daß Einer ihrer Weite lausche und sie im Verst -I.en er-
löse,
Lud-ffig Jonas ist in Broirber«:, im Osten 'DGutschlonds i^eborenj
die Landschrft ist da in seinen T^ildern a\?£ aller 'Veit, Die .^roße
Freiheit der Horizonte, rreheimnisvoll Kittet^ wie Dämmerung? end-
lose Alleen, endlose Kanäle \md endlos der Reichtum des Lichts an
Zwischentönen und Brechunccen in an sich bemessener SVala.'^ine l£'.n>
schaft, die den I'enschen weder in ihren Arm nimmt noch begräbt un-
ter stürzenden Hintergründen, sondern vor die er «^eetellt ist »auf-
recht wie ihr Tiewächs , ihr Herr und ihr Knecht zuf^leich. Diese '
L£ndsch£=ft ist mit dem Ffler .c^e^jrn^en, sie hrt seine Fand ':!:ezeich-
net, wenn sie zeichnete, - bis diese H-;nd echv/er wurde wie'ein
reifendes ^eschönf.
'ilo'ain er dann kam, hat ludri;^ Jonas dss licht p-.eT.ehen^ er h^t
Venedig gesehen als eine Wasserkunst von 3:rFhl und Schrtten; den
Süden Frankreichs und Italiens- den Süden überhaur^t - die Akronolii.-
die nüchtern gleißenden FittPfre, die Gewitter des Lichts über die-
sem Lcnd Palästina. Aber gerade dort, wo seine Fand zu schweben
scheint, um die Tänze des Lichts und seinen Zauber v/iederzugeben,
gerade dort ist die erste Landschaft zu ahnen, das Kinderland , das
er mit sich getra{!;en, verir^andelt und des er überwunden hat, ohne
es je zu verlassen.
Denn welche Lüge» welche InmaRun^ des Pöhels ülDer den Geist
Offenbert sich in der Feinun/:^, es könnte der Kunstler Kultur v/ech-
seln nach dem Gebot der Stunde.; könnte seinen IJrtr>rüa';jen ab -
schwören und sich einem Anderen verbünden, ''renn es nur lockt und
drangt? Geschlechter haben gewirkt y ihn hervorzutreiben -'^Is ihren
letzten und zartesten Sr>roß; tie senden ihren Saft und ihr Salz
hinauf in ihn als die Krone, - nun aber £oll er sich selbst fal-
len und dennoch fruchtbar bleiben für das Andere? Kultur hf t stets
den Atem der Jahrhunderte- sie hat die Geduld des Wartens jsio for-
dert nicht 9 sondern sieht zu, daP sie sich erfülle, aus dem Ge-
schrei des Farktes» aus gängi.^er V/are h^t sie sich noch nie und
noch nirgends -gebildet 5 und besser ist es, der Künstler leee die
Einsamkeit kristallisch um sich« als er verrate, v/as das .gerüste-
te und gemeine Außen ihm abzufordern nicht müde v/ird .
Ludv/ig Jonas ist ein treuer, ein schv/erer, ein titanischer
Künstler gev/esen; ihm v/urde nichts geschenkt: sein Teuer strömte
aus der Tiefe, tellurische Glut. Darin brannte sich rein.
wr
e der
Faler erfaPte, bis es de stand, abgetrotzt und erzwungen und,^/aich-
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tigon Maaßes, dennoch Fusik und ein Sniel. In d
der Flüselcch-:;h allein; sondern eretj, ''ie r.e^rio
den jener in die Lüfte erho"b.
So war die Einsamkeit um ihn 9 noch ehe er
Köreaal der Berliner Anatomie saß, um den leib
nen, den er aT;fs l^Teue bilden wollte. Ein Lieben
Liebenden v/urde er, als er zu schaffen »^efrann;
Maaße wurde er zum Eewahrer seiner selbst. Der
der europäischen Bürgerlichkeit i^rüßte ihn, Fax
fügte sich nicht und fügte sich
und durchaus von eigenem Karat.
den Menschen als Landschaft srh
Gottes.
nicht ein, zu s
Allein ist er i
und die I'^nds
er Kunst ^ilt nicht
hticr der Leib v:ar,
begann > als er im
des Menschen zu 1er-
der war er und zum
aber im gleichen
letzte große Maler
I iebermann*er aber
chwer und zu leicht
n seinem Werk, das
chaft als den Akt
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^
1
Wie Vincent -^r-xi Gogh die Fenschen der Borinage malte eis ein
sozialem: Evangelium seiner Tage, so malte L-udwi/r Jonas die großen
Industrien, die Krane, die Schleusen, die ^rleise; aber er gab sie
entvölkert, in der fast vorweltlichen Schönheit ihrer Linsnm-
keit, lü'eatur auch sie« Er malte die Kahne auf Strömen, nicht die
leichten Boote der Spazierfahrten, sondern schwere Flöße, die das
Dunkel der Wälder noch atmen, aus denen sie herabgeschwemmt worden
waren zur Tiefe der Täler. Plöße und Kähne, Deiche und Schleusen
waren ihm Kindheit und Gegenstc^nd und Zauber der Kunst. Einsam lie-
gen sie da 9 verwendete Geschöpfe, an den Grenzen der Städte, die
• einsam liegen im Wind.
Einsam wie einer der Sklaven Michelangelos ragte dieser Mensch
auf, jeden Augenblick bereit, die Fessel um seine Schulter zu
sprengen. Doch diese Fessel war das Werk, dessen er war ^ das ihn
nicht freiließ, ihn knechtete und erhob. Durch eine 'Yelt, die des
Teufels war und immer mehr wiirde^ging er, besessen von heller Magie.
Er liebte r er liebte das GeschÖ^of, die Blume, die er gepf langst,
das Tier 9 das er gezogen hatte, den Menschen. Er legte in seinen
Bildern tausendfach Zeugnis dieoer Liebe ab, eines ganz und gar
demütigen, sich selbst speisenden, aus sich selbst strömenden ^^e-
f ühls . Auch er liebte ^'withcut the help of anything on earth.'*
Er schenkte den Menschen auf seinen Bildern viel von der Wür-
de, die er selbst besaß. Er decouvrierte nicht; doch er verhüllte
auch nicht; er gab die Gestalt, am liebsten ^-om Scheitel bis zur
Sohle und angetan mit der holden und gev/altigen Majestät der Mensch-
lichkeit. Sie wandten ihm. ihr Bestes zu, wenn sie sich seinem
Blicke freigaben und sich vor ihm darstellten, ihren Adel und ihre
Freigeborenheit 5 und mit der demokratischen Gebärde des Künstlers
löste Ludwig Jonas die Matrone aus einer arabischen Landfrau und
der" Enheben aus dem Jungen, der auB dem Alltaß; getreten vrar» Er
0
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rji'o niclit ihre Kleine, er ^ab sie als Anklsß-e nicht ,ö ondern er rnnl-
ce ihren aufrechten Gang, drs Gebäude der Stirne, den ^''enschen ^^Is
ein Gettirnc Und wenn er den Fenschen ^ar in der Landschaft Sch,
ndclcten leibes dargeboten der :^roßen Mutter, dein Licht» da beging
sein sehendes Auge, seine schöpferische Fand die Feier der Gottes-
furcht . •
Es ist das I'^erkmal jeder großen Kunst, daß ihre Strenge nach
Innen als Freiheit nach Außen wirkt; daß sie vom Aristokratischen
die Selbstzucht und Eigengeeetzlichkeit lerne, um, außerhalb der
sozialen Welt, in zweiter, sublimer Einfalt des ^olkee zu sein.
Solcher Art ist die Kunst des Falers Ludwig Jonas beschaffen? das
Volk freilich, nach dem sie geht, war selten so undeutlich und ver-
loren, wie in den Tagen seines Lebens. Ohne Grenzen ist dieses Volk
des Malers, auch ohne die Brückenschranke der Sprache? ein unkrie-
gerisches, feierliches, männliches Volk, ^'erschwiegen sich beugend
über seine Quellen und die Fände hebend in das I.icht,dGm der Küm^-^t-
1er sein \\erk als Erstling dargebracht h'?tte. Dieses Volk ist nicht;
kav.m jv^mals ist es gewesen;' doch daß es sein wird, verbürgt die
stille Gemeinde, die verborgene Republik der Geister, die »'Mor-
genlandfahrt" all Jener, die über die Erde gingen, suchend, was in
ihnen verborgen lag und darum so fruchtlos wie fruchtbar in Zeit
und Ewigkeit
-' •
Den Feister Ludwig Jonas nackte die Krankheit und warf ihn
hin. Da sie ihn antrat, stürzte sie ihn mit einem Schlag in die
Tiefe des Todes, so, als brauchte sie die Gesamtheit ihrer Kraft,
um seiner Stärke und seines Willens Herr zu werden. Er stürzte hin-
ab- er schaute, was drunten war; und kehrte doch wieder zurück an
das Licht. Ludwig Jonas ist nicht einen, er ist unzählige Tode ge-
storben, zwei Jahre lang. Begabt mit TTiantasie, geschult in der
Medizin, die nur lindern und hinzögern, nicht heilen konnte, er-
lebte er den Abgrund, dem er immer wieder um Haaresbreite entrann,
sich selbst beobachtend und als ein Künstler das Beobachtete stei-
gernd bis über die Zuständigkeit jeglicher Fitteilung hinaus. Die
Kranheit des Malers war ein mittelalterliches Martyrium, erlebt in
den Nerven einer modernen Seele.
Jene, die dabeistanden mit Händen, die nicht zu helfen ver-
mochten, mit Seelen, die das Grauen der Abstürze, die Erleucht^.^n-
gen der Y/iderkunft nicht zu fassen vermochten - denn nur, wer je
unten war, vermag den Abgrund zu künden und gerade dieser schweigt-
v;ir alle fragten nach dem Sinn dieses Leidens. War 'js gerecht, sich
zu widersetzen, wo keine Rettung mehr schien? War dies noch Leben,
das schon des Todes war? War dies nicht Vermeseenheit und Aufstand
gegen den Ablauf? Ein starker Mann, ein Ritter, der mit dem Tod und
dem Teufel rang, hochherzig Kräfte vergeudend, wo Alles verloren
war. Ein tragisches Schauspiel • doch wem diente es; wem diente der
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Krr.nk<;:it der Haler nvin^ der sein LeToen lan^ ein Ferr&cher vrar in
seinem Dienst? Tragödien epielen nur tvf erhöhter Bühne; das Le-
Vjn, das sich dort gerne kristallisiert sieht, erträ^it die Tra-
gödie nicht in seiner brütenden Mitte. Es werdet sich ab; es fragt
sein "Warum?*' und es rreint, es sei klüger ^weil sein der wärmere
^Atem ist ,
D,
Da erhob sich die Fand, die der Schmerz schon verkrampft hat-
te 9 einmal noch zum Verk. Das Auge, des Lichtes Geschwisterkind
und
S 3
gS
d nun von den Schatten umrun.^en, tat sich einmal noch auf und
h in des Diesseits der Welt. ludwig Jonas schuf, was er im An-
sichte des Todes gesehen hrtte.
Darum v/ar es geschehen. Darum die Pein, d
inr:}. I»eben. Darum die Kraft, darum die Bande, d
gen 9 der doch des Zwangs fast enthoben war. De
trat 5 war einer Weisheit voll, die nicht mehr
bens ir.t. Es v/ar jenes Abbild der Wirklichkeit
erschließt, der uns von Drüben besi?cht, ejn üb
über alle Erfahrung erhöhtes Abbild. Ein Zimme
Lett ; Blumen im Fenster und davor der Schnee;
und ein V\/ind spiel; und alles verwandelt, geträ
Vergessenheit; mit Mohnsaft und Lethe getränkt
arum die Rückkehr
ie ihn herbeizwan-
nn was nun aus ihm
die Weisheit des Le-
, das sich Dem nur
er alle Kunst, ein
r , e ine Lampe , e in
eine Frau, seine FraUv
nkt mit Verzicht und
Ein Spiegel war vor sein Bett ges
Bildnis male; er malte das Zimmer^ die
drin sein Gesicht, so sah er von Drübe
nicht mehr von hier,» Wie alle Symbole,
gelzeichnungen des Malers Jonas nichts
selbst im Rücken gelassen haben. Er ma
einen Scheiterhaufen der Leidenscha.f te
der leoensgier, der Gläubigkeit, schla
eigenen heiligen Flamme verzehrt.
teilt , d
Ve n s c he
n herein
sind au
als Wir
Ite sein
n, der S
ckenlos
amit er sein eigenes
n, den ST)iegel und
, von hier und schon
ch diese letzten Spie-
klichkeiten, die sich
eignes Gesicht als
chönheitstrunkenheit ,
lodernd und in der
Ludwig Jonas ging dahin, nachdem er sich erfüllt hatte. Hätte
er sein Lebenswerk allein gegeben, wie arm diese verwüstete Erde,
um ihm zu danken! Er aber hat, was nur den Erlesenen unter den
Meistern der Menschen gewährt ist, noch seinen Tod als sein Werk
dargestellt. Er nahm die Hölle auf sich, um in ihren Gluten ins
Licht zu fahren • Keinen Augenblick früher schied er ab, als es ihm
verstattet war, als ihn sein Werk beurlaubt hatte. Ludwig Jonas
steht unter den Helden.
Wie er es vollbrachte? Was bei ihm stand, als er das
menschliche trug? Was ihn verband, vnd immer wieder band,
doch schon gelöst und frei war dieser Erde?
über-
der
Er liebte ein Gedicht in seinen letzten Tagen? und wir, die
, — .t^-A- J» mt.«»''^^—»MW>'»'»««— »— — > ■ I 1— «< ■■ n 1^ ml W> ■
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wir'fc nicht erle"bten, nvr nacherlelDten aus uneerer erschreckten
Ferne, ^ir dürfen glc?.uben> er liebte es, weil es die Antwort die
&er Frage war:
Wenn Seele treuer Seele eich verbündet,
Sprich nicht von r^emmnis ! Idebe ist nicht Liebe,
Die sich verändert, wenn sie Aendrun,<;r findet,
Entfernt jbei dem, der sie entfernte , bliebe .
Oh nein, sie ist ein immerfestes Mal,
• Auf Stürme schauend, ewig unverletzt,
Sie ist der V/ander-Barlce' Stern und Strehl,
TTach Köh' und Stand, und nicht nach Wert geschätzt.
Ist nicht der i^Trrr der Zeit »wenn roter Mund
Und V/ang sich auch der Sichel beugen ra£.g.
Die Liebe ivechselt nicht in kurzer Stund ,
Sie trägt sich aus bis an den Jüngsten Tag
:Ist Irrtum diesjrn mir je dsrgetan,
Dann schuf ich nie rnoch liebte je ein ¥ann ,
>
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blogr.data. froa t^t Sxhlbltlon eat&log
10-24 Apr 1943 (Mraorl«! «x) .
JONAS
LUDWIG
f
^1,
O
ii^ Fob 1887 Bromberg, 8 tiul »116(11 ein« Ufinchra & Fr#iburg«
Induced to take up palnting by FRANZ RpSliliZWIiJG and
Prof. JONAS-COUM. W^came UelsUrschüler in the «Unter->
richtsanstalt des berliner Kimstgewerbemuseums'' under
kdSiaoSe&itdU iMLL ORLIK, attended lect\u*es by LOVIS
CORINTH» DrawlngB only antil 191ü, when he went to
Paris, until 1913* startad with color, (Van Gogh in-
fluence,French impressionists-) Painted by himeelf and
exhibited f irst in 1%8 (Deutscher Künstlarbund) .
MüX LULBlsiülANW invited him to exhlbit at the Preussche
Akademie der Ktoste Spring exhiblt, and tne Bund offer-
ed him memberßaip« Trip to Southern ^'^rance 1930.
iochibited regularly aince 19k8. 1933 illness started»
1933-35 in Paris, then to Palestin«. died 12 Febl942
Jerusalem«
Excellent memorial exhibit, opened by
Heinz Politzer "Zum Gedächtnis des Malers Ludwig
Jcxias,
TO KJAS,
r
l621-22nd St. N.W.
Washington 3, D.C.
April 16, 1903
Mr. John Henry Richter
1^36 East Park Place
Ann Ar bor , Michigan
Dear .-Ir. Richter, ■
Enclosed you will find 3 slides of the picture
(the hci;se shov/n is cn the right side of the picture and the
signature is on the lewer lef t corner) .
As I did not ask for permission when I photographed
the picture, I will have to ask you not to use the picture in
any way without getting permission from the Embassy.
After reading your paper, and while looking for
some material in the Library Literature I came across an article
by H. Gebauer, "August Bebel; arbeiterf uhrer und bibliothekar , "
Der Bibliothekar, v, 12, Aug. 1953, pp. 386-337. I dont know
whether this article is known to you, but since Bebel is not
included in your article, and there is a German stamp of 1955,
I thought I will mention it to you.
Sincerely yours,
/
DaJ?i^''''Shav/'
■ I
}
i
/
/
r
EMBASSY OF ISRAEL
WASHINGTON, D. C.
EH/1557
November 11, 1953
Dear Mr. Richter:
In the absence of Miss Herlitz I am writing you in reference
to your letter of November 7 seeking information to the
painting - "Birkat Ma^iillah" - bjr the late Mr. Ludwig Jonas»
I am glad to inform you that this painting now hangs over
the fireplace in the Ambassador's office at the Embassy»
We WDuld be very happy to have you, and Mr» Rudolph Jonas,
Visit the Embassy at 1621 Twenty-second Street, NW, at any
time and view the painting.
Sincerely yours.
0 )^a.Jlu^ ä
Gertrude Bachman
Secretary to Esther Herlitz
Mr. John Henry Richter
103 Kennedy Street, 1^/1
Washington, D» C.
/^N
Str^usSy rieinricht is an Israel style in art possible?
ijX üKihL, it quarterly revlew of tbe urts and
sclences in Israel • No« 19^ Summer 1967, 5-12« Jerusalem«
11
JÖWAS
4/
abroad. Thcre is no undcsirablc Ircspassing in this picturc, as frcqucntly
happcns whcn Jcwish artists, somc of thc highcst importancc, havc rc-
coiirsc to Christian Symbols, such as thc Crucifixion.
Anna Ticho scttlcd in Jerusalem at an carly age and thoroughly ab-
sorbcd thc city*s charactcr, atmospherc and cnvirons, which shc has rcn-
dcrcd in a free play of her artistic imagination. Shc is morc dclicate in
her werk, richcr in finc nuances, than thc late Leopold Krakauer, who
was thc first to conquer this landscape for Israel art. In her many portrait
Sketches — mainly of immigrants — Mrs. Ticho has sought to pcnetrate
to thc inner human being. Her art, firmly rooted in thc soul of this coun-
try, is being increasingly lauded and appreciated outside Israel, perhaps
bccause of this indigenous quality. After a series of successful one-woman
shows in European and American museums, the French Government placed
a studio at her disposal in Paris, whcre shc made a protracted stay.
Twenty years ago, thc painter Ludwig Jonas, a pupil of Corinth and
Orlik, died in Jerusalem. The self-portrait rcproduced here was painted
just before his death and is the last of a series. In addhion to its
importancc as a masterpiece it bears witness to a heroic personality, a
man with the courage to depict the deterioration of his own physical
frame, and thereby to transcend it as an artist. (Among Jcwish artists
it brings to mind the last sclf-portraits of Lesscr Ury and is important for
similar reasons; the best of these is in a private collection in Jerusalem.)
Jonas painted this picture in a State of exaltation ; he locked his door and
until the work was finished — only a matter of hours before his death —
took no food or drink. Earlier self-portraits are in discreet colours and
painted in an atmospherc of cool self-appraisal ; this last, done in the
certainty of imminent dissolution, carried the artist away in a pathetic and
glowing expressionist colour scheme. It is a deeply exciting testament of
a Jcwish artist trained in Europe. Illness and untiniely death only a few
years after immigration prevented Jonas from fully absorbing the new
environment of his art.
Fima (Roytenberg) must also be classified as an Immigrant artist,
though he came much later than the others discussed here — he scttlcd
in Israel in 1949 — and from an entirely different enviionment — Harbin
in Northern China. In the dclicate inflexions of his colours the influcncc of
Chinese calligraphy and ink drawings can be discerncd, but combined
in artistic synthesis with the experience of thc Negev wasteland and thc
gaunt Judaean Hills. Fima's work, shown in many one-man and group
shows in Europe and America, is intemationally recognized, For scveral
) <
I •
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ENaCLOPEDlA JUDAICA CASTELLANA
(i'^Hl)^,C
J0.fA9
JONAS, IXDWIC
Vi
V-
5>
01
Dios tiene piedad de Ninive (4^) es una sä-
tira de las esperanzas sanguinarias e intoleran-
tes de la epoca, aunque no en estilo polemizan-
te. El pensamiento de que la misericordia divina
abarca al mundo cntero se expresa como cosa
evidente.
Fecho d« redaccion. La referencia a Ninive
aparece como cosa del pasado. Efectivamente
la ciudad fue destruida en 612 a. de la E. C.
Las referencias al ayuno y al arrepentimiento
como medios de salvacion son referencias a
/oe/, lo que indica como fecha de rerfaccion el
8. IV, probablemente la segunda mitad. Las ca-
racteristicas lingüisticas favorecen la tesis que
indica la epoca del segundo Tempi o y que co-
loca ese libro entre los Ultimos de la Biblia.
La explicacion de Schmidt, segün la cual se tra-
taria de una ensenanza alegorica anterior a 586
a. de la E. C, para indicar la posibilidad de
evitar la destnicciön de Jerusalen, no ha tenido
aceptaciön, como tampoco la tuvieron las teo-
rias de Kleinert y Cheyne, que ven en el pez el
simbolo del imperio babilonio y en Jonas el pue-
blo de Judä.
Caracterisficas y fuentes. En Jonas encon-
tramos varios motivos mitologicos y folkloricos.
De acuerdo con Bin Gorion, el cuento de Jonas
es una combinaciön de dos leyendas: una que
se refiere a un judio arrojado al mar para cal-
mar la tempestad, y otra posterior que cuenta
cömo un judio logra hacer proselitos entre los
marinos de un barco despues de que cada uno
de ellos invoc6 infructuosamente a sus dioses.
Tambien se ha hecho uso de leyendas de Elias
y Eliseo (compärense 4,3 con 1 R. 19,4b y 4,5
con JA. 19,4a-5a). Mientras que las prescrip-
ciones religiosas estän tomadas de Joel (2,13-
14), la extrafia idea de que tambien los anima-
les deben ayunar y vestirse de saco tiene su
paralelo en Judit (4,10) y es posiblemente una
costumbre persa (cf. Herodoto 9,24) s^ün la
cual, no solamente los soldados, sino tambien
los caballos se afeitaron en sefial de duelo.
El salmo de Jonas (2,2-10) estä intercalado
y no tiene ninguna relacion con el resto del
cuento. No es una oracion, como dice la supers-
cripcion (2,1), sino un salmo de agradecimien-
to de un hombre salvado del peligro de ahogarse
o de una grave enfermedad, que no se refiere
al vientre del pez (2,2), sino al vientre del se-
pulcro (2,3). Fuera de ese salmo, el libro pa-
rece haberse conservado correctamente. K. Marti
considera "por que nos ha venido este mal"
(1,8), "porque se lo habia declarado" (1,10),
"y le defendiese de su mal" (4,6) y 4,4 como
glosas.
Bibl: Döllcr: Das Buch Jonah (1912); Schmidt:
Jona (1907); Stollbcrg: Jona (1927); WincWcr: Alto-
rientalUche Forschungen, 11, 260 (1900); C H. Wright:
Biblical Studies, p. 34; R. PfeiflFcr: iniroduction to the
Old Testament, p. 586 (1941) ; y oomenUrios a los Pro-
fctas Menores por Smith- Ward-Bewer (International
Critical Commentary), G. W. Wade (1925), E. Scllin
(1930), T. E. Bird (1938), y diccionarios de la Biblia.
JONAS, ABRAHAM, funcionario, n. en Exeter,
Inglaterra, en 1801 ; m. en Quincy, 111., en 1864i
Llego a Cincinnati en 1819, pero abandono esa
ciudad y se distinguio en varios lugares como
dirigente comunal. Fue elegido repetidamente
diputado en el Estado de Kentucky. £n 1834
trabo amistad con Abraham Lincoln, que fue
su companero como diputado en el Estado de
Illinois en 1842. Lincoln confirmo su previo
nombramiento de director de &>rreos en Quincy.
JONAS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, politico y sol-
dado, n. en Williamstown, Ky., en 1834; m. en
Nueva Orleans en 1911. Lucho en el ejercito
confederado durante la Cuerra Gvil. De 1879
a 1885 fue senador de los Estados Unidos en
representacion de Louisiana.
JONAS, EMILE, compositor, n. en Paris en
1827; m. en St. (Jermain-en-Laye en 1905. Fue
profesor en el Conservatorio de Paris. Compu-
so una Serie de operetas que tuvieron gran boga
en SU tiempo como Le roi boU (1857), Javotte
(1875), etc. Tambien publico un tomo de me-
lodias sinagogales con el titulo: Schiroth Israel,
Reciueil des chants hebraiques anciens et mo'
dernes executes au Temple du rü portuguais de
Parw (1854).
'•».'^■H^r^^ *<»■
Birkat Mamillah.
Ludwig Jonas
JONAS, LUDWIG, pintor, n. en Bromberg, Ale-
mania, en 1887. Fue discipulo de Emil Orlik,
en Berlin, y estudio desde 1911 en Paris, Italia
y en Grecia. Volvio a Berlin, donde permane-
cio hasta 1935 en que emigro a Eretz Israel. Ha
hecho buenos paisajes.
JONAS
LUDV^IG
• • Portraits by LJ listed in
H.W. SINGER: Neuer Bildnis Katalog Leipzig, 1937 republ.1967.
no.4750
no. 6021
GASTON BUSSIERE, Painter , engraver , 1862-1911 (26o6)
crayon drawing (Identifikation unsicher) Valenciennes
ALPHONESE CKIGOT, painter, 1824-1917 half-figure,
Portrait. (3200) Valenciennes
no. 20052 FORTUNE JOSEPH SERAPHIN LAYRAUD professional painter in
(.^9978) 1834-1902. undated Valenciennes
no. 26358 THE FLYER NUGESSER ab.l9l8 (#1274-9)
Valenciennes
all four are in the Muse de Valenciennes.
was LJ in Valenciennes before iAiVJ I? when?
International blographlcal dictionary
intral European emlgres 1933-1945. vol. 2,1983
lonas
i?iii
boUny. Mcm: Sigma Xi: Am. Soc. of Plant Physiologists; Bo-
Unical Soc. of Am; Am. Assn. Advancement of Sei; Soc. for
Econ. Botany ; L. B. I ; others.
Biblio: Conlrib. more than 50 arts. to Econ. Botanv. Zfi.ßr
FfJanzenphysiologie. Proc. Am. Assn. for Cancer Res. Experien-
tia, Joum. Interdisciplinary Cycle Res; others. Sources Biblio
Hand.Qu.-R.F.J.I.
Jonas, Ludnlg, painter; b. Bromberg, Posen, Ger. (Bydgoszcz,
Pol.) 1887, d. Jerusalem 16 Jan. 1942. E: 1933 Fr, 1933 Switz,
1935 Pal. S. Rudolf, d. 1973, emigr. to Pal. photographer; 3 sis-
ters, probably d. in Holocaust. » 1934 Lotte Schliffmann (?),
latcr married to Zacharias and to Anthony, b. Ger, a: Surrcy!
Studicd med, Univs. Munich and Berlin; left after 3 yrs. Bc-
camc füll time painter after studying with Emil Orlik and Lovis
Corinth. Exhibitions 1927 at Deut Künstlerbund, Berlin; later
at invitation of Max Liebermann at Pruss. Acad. 1933 emigr. to
Fr. and Switz; lived in Paris and Zürich. 1935 emigr. to Pal. to
join brother. Many of oils and lithographs in Isr. Mus, Jerusa-
lem, and Tel Aviv Mus. Seif portrait (painled 3 days beforc his
death) at Nora Call, Jerusalem; also mml. coli, there (1977).
Sources: Pcrs. — R.F.J.L
Jonas, Manfred, prof. of history; b. Mannheim, Baden, Ger.
4 Sept. 1927. R Jewish (nominal). E: 1937 U.S. Gr.- 1944 U.S.
F: Walter J, b. Bad Dürkheim, Palatinatc, Bavaria, Ger. 1895,
d. U.S. 1965, Jewish, att. Realsch, merchant, traffic mgr, 1937
to U.S. with wife and son. M: Antonie Dannheisser, b. Tha-
Icischwciler, near Landau, Palatinatc 1900. d, U.S. 1975, Jew-
ish, scc. educ. 5; (none). » 1952 Nancy Jane Greene, b. New
York 1930, grad. educ, soc. worker, dem. seh. teacher. C: An-
drew, b. 1958; Kathryn Loslie, b. 1959; Emilv Susan, b. 1961;
Matthew Greene, b. 1963.
Schooling interrupted. 1937 emigr. to U.S. Mother supported
family for five mos. as sewing machine Operator 1945-46 scrv,
U.S. Navy; 1945-50 with U.S. Naval Reserve. 1946-49 att. City
Coli, New York (C.U.N.Y.); 1949 B.S, Pili Beta Kappa. 1949-
51 att. Harvard Univ; 1950 M.A. 1951-54 intcll. analyst, Dcpt.
of Air Force in Salzburg, Aus. 1954-59 att. Harvard Univ,
tcachingfel; 1959 Ph.D. Concurr. vis. lect: 1950 City Coli, New
York; 1954 Univ. Maryland extension; 1958 Northeastern U-
niv, Boston. 1 959-62 vis. assist. prof of Am. hist. Free Univ, Ber-
lin. Concurr. 1960-62 radio commentator and lect. on Am. top-
ics, Fcd. Repub. Ger. 1962-63 assoc. prof. of hist, Pennsylvania
Military Colls, Chestcr, Penn, (now Widener Coli.). From 1963
mcm. fac, dept. of hist, Union Coli, Schencctadv, N. Y: 1963 as-
sist. prof, 1964 assoc. prof, 1967 prof, 1970-8 l'chmn, dept. of
hist, I971-/4 chmn. div. of soc. scis, 1981 Washington Irving
prof. of mod. lit. and hist. studics, 1965-76 mem. bd. of dirs,
Frccdom Forum Ine; 1969-70, 1975-76 chmn, Concurr. 1965
conducted radio discussion prog. on pub. issues, Schenectady.
1966 consult, U.S. Off. of Educ. 1966-68 dir, Nat. Defense
Educ. Act Inst, for Advanced Study in Hist. 1970- mem, N.Y.
State coli, proficicncy exam. comm. in Am. hist. 1973 Fulbright
lect, Univ. Saarland, Fed. Repub. Ger. 1977-78 Charles
Warren fei, Harvard Univ. Res. primanly in American foreign
relations and diplomatic history, cspecially in the twenlicth
Century. Mem: Am. Hist. Assn. (1959-); Org. Am. Historians
(1963-); Ger. Assn. for Am. Studies; Soc. for Historians of Am.
Fgn. Reis; others. Recd: Am. Philos. Soc. grant (1965); Ford
Found. fac. dev. grant (1969, 1981). A: (1981) Schenectady,
Biblio: Die Unahhängigkcitserk/ärung der Vereinigten Staaten
(Hannover, Ger, 1964, 1965); holatinnism in America, 1935-41
(Ithaca, N.Y, 1966, 1969); ed, American Foreign Relations in the
Twentieth Century^ (New York, 1967); co-auth, ed, Roosevelt
and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence (New
York and London, 1976; It. trans. Milan, 1977>; cd. of nine
volume series, The Politics and Strategy of World War lUHev/
York, 1976-77); contrib. chaps. to books; arts. and revs. to prof.
joums. and publs. incl. Proc. ofthe Conf on War and Diplomacy
(1976), Encycl. ofAm. Fgn Policy (vol 2, 1978). Am. Hist Rev,
Am.'Ger Rev. and othcr hist. joums; list of publs. In ItFJ.tvif
•rch. Sources: Hand, Qu. - R.F.J.I. • • ,« - '
t *. *
Jonas, Oswald, prof. of music. musicologist; b Vicnni lOJait. F-
1897, d. Riversidc, Calif. 19 Mar. 1978. £ 1938 U.S.
Studied music with Heinrich Schenker, M Violin ind Hans
Weisse. Studied law, Univ. Vienna; 1921 Dr.jur. 1930-34 •
teacher at Stern Cons, Berlin; contrib. to Allg. Musikalische
Ztg. and Zft. für Musikwissenschaft. 1935^38 co-fdr. and
teacher. Schenker Inst, at the New Vienna Cons. Nura. Icctt. for
teachcrs' assn. in Ger. and Aus, which were also broidcast.
1937-38 co-fdr. and co-ed. of music period Der Dreiklang '
Dec. 1938 emigr. to U.S. 1940-65 fac. mem, Roosevelt Coli.
Chicago. 1966 adj. prof. of music, Lniv. California, Rivenidc.
Lect: Indiana Univ, Bloomington ; Univ. Chicago; Longy Seh.
of Music, Cambridge, Mass; Musicol. Soc; other assns. and .
groups. Has written mainly on Schenkers theory; revtsed
Schenker*s Harmonielehre as Harmony (Chicago, 1954); prc* '<;•
pared from private papcrs "Kunst des Vortrags" for publ. /'
Biblio: Das Wesen des musikalischen Kunstwerks: Eine\*f
Einführung in die Lehre Heinrich Schenkers (Vienna, 1934; rc- / '
publ. in 1972 as Eine Einführung in die Lehre Heinrich 1'^'
. Schenkers: Das Wesen . . .); cd, Heinrich Schenker's Der freie i'
Satz and Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien (2nd cd, V:.
Vienna. 1956); contrib. num. arts. to music journs; sec biblio; '
in M.G.G. (vol. 7). Sources: Hand, Print. - R.F.J.I. ^.^
Jonas, Walter Hermann, painter, graphic artist, architcct; b.
Oberursel, Hessen- Nassau, Ger. 27 Mar. 1910. R: Nene E:
1933 Fr, 1936 Switz. Cit: 1934 Switz, fmly. Ger. F: Julius J, b.
Bromberg, Posen, Ger. (Bydgoszcz, Pol.), d. Ascona, Switz,
1958, atheist, Jewish descent, chief engr. M: Agnes Schaupp, b.
Cologne, Rhineland, Ger, d. Ascona, Switz. 1954, Roman Cath-
olic. oo 1942 Rosa Maria Kcmmler, b. Sindelfingen, Württem- . '
berg, Ger. 1908, Protestant.
Matura, Zürich. Until 1932 studied at Reimann Seh, Bcriin
undcr Moritz Melzer; first cxpressionist paintings. 1931 and
1932 study trips to Corsica and Sp; stay in Paris. 1933 emigr.
to Fr. Freelance painter, Paris; summer stays in Provence.
Figurative paintings, inlerieurs, landscapcs and still lifcs. Con-
tacts with - Otto Freundlich, Otto Friesz, Viktor Brauner and
the author — Mancs Sperber. Adopted cubism and surrealism;
style influenced by Rouault and Gremaire. 1 936 iourneys to Ven-
ice and Dalmatia. 1937-39 summer stays on the isle of Kordu-
la, Yugo. I936(?) emigr. to Switz. Left works in Paris, which
were all lost subsequently. 1941, 1946 partic, Swiss NaL Art Ex-
hib. Zürich; 1943 collective exhib, Gall. Aktuarius, Zürich.
1941- mem. and co-fdr. of circle of painters and men of letters
calied "Club Bei Etage,'' incl. Friedrich Dürren matt and Max
Frisch. 1943 publ. portfolio, "Gilgamesch* (20 aquatinta
Sheets with texts), co-auth. with Dürrenmatt, Buch einer Nacht,
and with Frisch, Studien zu Don Giovanni. Illustrations to Ho-
race, Cervantes, Gotthelf, Bollinger and others. 1944-46 Gym.
teacher, Zürich. 1948 partic. in Biennale Venice. 1949 exhib.
"Junge Zürcher Künstler," Kunsthaus, Zürich. Period of ab-
stract and surrealistic painting. 1951 tripto India. 1953-62 art
commentator on Swiss T.V. Returned to figurative painting.
1958 trip to Brasilia; pictures of towns and landscapcs. 1950s
var. individual exhibs. incl. Gall. Chichio Haller, Zürich. Con-
trib. essays and arts. to Neue Zürcher Zeitung and Die Tat,
both Zürich, and Bauen und Wohnen. 1962 publ. Das Intra-
Haus, Zürich, first of a no. of publs. dealing with questions of
the future town ("Intrapolis''). 1962-75 many Iccts. on "Urba-
nism," as guest prof. at univs. in Brüssels, Paris, Rome, Lund,
Utrecht, Osaka and Leningrad. Ries. Jury of Züricher Kunst-
ausstellung. Mem: Groupe Intl. de larchitecture prospective(v.
pres.); Club Bei Etage, Zürich; Züricher Kunstgesellschaft;
Ges. Schweizer Maler, Bildhauer und Architekten; City of
Zürich Expos. Comm. Recd: Fed. grant. A: Zürich.
Biblio: Narziss (1939); Wie betrachtet man ein modernes
Kunstwerk (Amriswil, Switz, 1950). Lit: W. Y Müller, "Walter
Jonas,'* Galerie und Sammler (vol 8, Zürich, 1940); Mus. St.
Gallen cat. (1955); Helmhaus cat (Zürich, 1959); Intellectual
%
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PALESTiNiAN ciTizENSHip ORDER, 1 925. •i925,(n^^Kn) n^KrntpVön mmiV j;sii3 ^Van nai
CERTIFICATE OF NATURALI2ATI0N.
Cafttrca0 Ludwig jonas
(heriMnal'ier called the "applicant") haß npplied for a Certificate
of Naturalization. alloping with respocfc to hiinself (herscll) tho
partJcalars set out below, und has eati.«5fied me that tho conditions
kid down in the ahove-raentioned Order for the grant of a
Certjficato of NaturaJization are fulfilled in his (her) case:
pd^rs cofifiM reil
ou lue by the sÄid Order.
J grant to the sojd a|»plicant this Certificate of Naturah'-
zation and declare that ho (pho) ehall, sahject to the provisionH
of rho 8aiil Order, bo ciuitied to all political and otiior rights,
powerb and Privileges, and he auhjoct to all oblipations. dnties
r\nd iiahilitics to which a naliiJ-ul-born Palestinian Citizen ig
enütled or subject. and have to all intents and pnrposps the
.Status of a natural-born PnlcsMnian citizon.
in tültnCÖfi UjIjClTOf l hnve hereto suhscnhed my name
l
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CccUn, 6cii llk;J|j||M M
3n
^.. ^« 6(MU|fen bejolili
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~To^MS
o
l621-22nd St. N.W.
Washington 8, D.C.
April 16, 1963
Mr. John Henry Richter
1^36 East Park Place
Ann Arbor , Michigan
O
Dear ytr, Richter,
Enclosed you will find 3 slides of the picture
(the house shown is on the right side of the picture and the
signature is on the lewer left corner) ,
As I did not ask for permission when I photographed
the picture, I will have to ask you not to use the picture in
any way without getting permission from the Embassy.
After reading your paper, and while looking for
some material in the Library Literature I came across an article
by H. Gebauer, "August Bebel; arbeiterfuhrer und bibliothekar ,"
Der Bibliothekar, v. 12, Aug. 1958, pp. 886-887. I dont know
whether this article is known to you, but since Bebel is not
included in your article, and there is a German stamp of 1955,-
I thought I will mention it to you.
O
Sincerely yours.
-^^tv
//
/
KF'^ai
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Leo Baeck Institute New York
Catalog
of the Archival Collections
\J^
■^A
edited by
Fred Grubel
in Cooperation with
Alan S.Divack
Frank Mecklenburg
Michael A.Riff
nusi sznaider
J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen
^>Cw
-o
<=^
Als
Leo Baeck Institute New York
Catalog
of the Archival CoÜections
\J^
edited by
Fred Grubel
in Cooperation widi
Alan S.Divack
Frank Mecklenburg
Michael A.Riff
nusi sznaider
Ak
J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen
^^iw
TILLY EDINOER
65 TILLY EDINGER
1832-1964 2.5inchcs
36
ed^to thc Unucd States vu Grcat Bntatn and d.cd ,„ Cambndgc-, Massachusetts .„
Correspondence. clippings. offprints. manuscr.pts, v.tal documents, and gencalog.cal
niatcnal concerning TUly Edinger and the Edmger family. g«^n^="og'"'
Thc memoirs of her father. thc phys.can Ludw.g Edinger, are cataiogued separately .n
thc memoir collcction. ^ ^
Languages: German, English.
Donors: TiUy Edinger, 1959; Gerhard M. Lidly, 1965, 1%7.
Finding Aid: 6-page inventory
Accession Number: AR. 2718.
66 JULIE FISCHEL EHRENBERG
1844-1912 l.Sinches
Bon, „, Plague on June 16, 1827, Jul.e Fische! married ,nto the Ehrenbergs, a promi-
nent famüy of Jewish educators. She died in Kassel on July 9, 1 922.
Letters from Juhe F.schel Ehrenberg to Adelheid Zunz and Leopold Zunz. some
containing addenda by Julie Fischel Ehrenberg's husband. Philipp Ehrenberg, and
^mc with addenda by other family n^embers, including Samuel Meyer Ehrenberg.
Material on the Samson Frc.schule, Wolfenbüttel, mcluding annual reports. mvtations
to festivities, regulat.ons. and the by-laws of the S. M. Ehrenberg school fund- and
culogies tor Phüipp Ehrenberg.
Language: German.
Donors: Nahum Glatzer, 1975; Martin Goldner, 1977.
Finding Aids: 2 catalogue cards, 8-page inventory.
Accession Numbers: AR 9004, AR 4245, AR 7069.
67 SAMUEL MEYER EHRENBERG
1763-1917 ISmches
Born m Braunschweig on October 16, 1773. Ehrenberg was a teacher and then
principal of thc Samson Freischule. Wolfcnbüttel. He died m Wolfenbüttcl on October
Correspondence of Samuel Meyer Ehrenberg w.th Phrhpp Ehrenberg, Seligman M.
Ehrenberg, Leopold Zunz. Adelheid Zunz, and Isaak Marcus Jost.
'^^^^? /^J2c?
/t^(^ ^^A£i
vw^
D'»mu7m D'»»-»vnyn ,intr;-"»yny3
nn"TȟQ*7 25-n n:i:rn ov jv^^)
4.3.1967 nn\:;n nn^nan
y'HJD^ 11.30 nvu;n
4.3.6 7
4.4.6 7
you are cordially invited
to a meinorial exhibition of
oils, water colours, drawings
by LUDWIG JONAS
(25th anoiversary of death)
opening saturday 4.3.1967
a t 11.30 a. m.
JONAS
LUDV/IG
• Portraits "by LJ listed in
H.W. SINGER: Neuer Bildnis Katalog Leipzig, 1937 republ.1967.
no.^750
no. 6021
GAS TON BUSSIERE, Painter, engraver, I862-I9II (26o6)
crayon drawing (Identifikation unsicher) Valenciennes
ALPHONSSE GHIGOT, painter, 182^^-1917
Portrait. (3200)
half-figure,
Valenciennes
no. 20052 FORTWIE JOSEPH SERAPHIN LAYRAUD professional painter in
(/•/9978) I83i»-1902. undated Valenciennes
no. 26358
THE FLYER NUGESSER
ab.1918 (#127^^9)
Valenciennes
all four are in the l'xLse de Valenciennes.
was LJ in Valenciennes "before ';J'i I? when?
^
i9itit^ertifil|ri0f.
(^*>cmäl^c oou l'uDioifl 'i^lfrc^ Jono!
/
f
l^O^öoz^i^'^
RIVKA HORWITZ: Adele Rosenzweig 's Jugend er innerungen
in LEO BAECK INSTITUT. BULLETIN. v.l6/l7,no.53-5/|,
— — - — 1977/78, r 133-1^6
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FRANZ ROSKX/WKIG
Skctcli by Ludwig Jonas
/'rem thi .4r<hi:ri cf thr Uo Bauk Instilutr, Xrw 7ork
(UDTVbZi)
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FRANZ ROSENZiAlEIG: BRIEFE UND TAG
THE HAGUE, NIJHOFF, 1979. vol. 1.
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HANS MKVl'.oDKN. DIK TKKI'n-;
Al?S<.i:srKI I I IM Kl'NSIl KKllM S, Hl KI.IN
ir.lJX NU.SSl'.Al.'M, l'AAR AlII" UFR TRKJ'l'i:
Ai;s«,K.SIKI.LI IM Ki NSTl.KUIIAI S, HKRI.IN
merkbar, die bis /um Rcliclauftra^ ilcr l'arbc tiilircn.
Schließt man noch l'chx Nul.\liaiun iliescr ( iruppe an, der
allerdings schon vielfache MinllüsNC crlahren und verar-
beitet, nur für sein lüchiij^os Können noch keinen sicher
überzeugenden Ausdruck gefunden hat, so ma^ die Reihe
^enu^en, die Reichueiie des Minllusses einer Lehrerpersön-
lichkeit zu charakterisieren, der sich noch in manche andere
Ateliers erstreckt. 1 )ie l{inllusse überkreu/cn sich, weini l'j-
win (iraumanii von llofer den \N eg zu Kirchner fnulet, des-
sen farbige Skala in seinen Landschaften wiederkehrt, wie
übrij;ens Meyhoden von Lirich Ilübner kam, in dessen Nähe
die stärkste Wahlfreibeit /u herrschen scheint. Walter Herg-
mann, dem im Hause der Juryfreien mit 7Avei Mitarbeite-
rinnen aus der Weiß-Klasse ein };an'/.er Saal zur Dekoration
anvertraut wurde, hat von seinem Lehrer den Cieschmack
übernommen, den er an vielen Vorbildern von Baumeister
bis zu Picasso und Chirico geschult /u haben scheint. Auf
Heckeis Anschauung und Oarstellungsform gründet Jobann
Sass eine Malerei, die in den rauhen und zuweilen über-
hellen Farben wie in den Motiven und der besonderen
I'ypik ihrer Menschen dem V\)rbilde sich engstens anschließt.
Ludwig Alfred Jonas hat von dem freien farbigen Vortrag
der letzten Werke Munchs profitiert, und etwas von dem
Abglanz der Kunst des Norwegers wird auch in den Arbei-
ten Martin Christs noch sichtbar, der in dem Hilde eines
ruhenden jungen eine tüchtige Taleutprobe gegeben hat.
Der Kasseler Karl Döbel, dem man schon auf manchen Aus-
stellungen begegnete, und den man unter d*:\\ Hewerbern
um den Siaai.^pieis wiederfand, hat sich allmählich immer
mehr in die Abhängigkeit von Kokoschka verstrickt, dessen
l^influß auch in den Bildern des Frankfurters Hans Feibusch
GURT GLASER: Junge Künstler, in KUNST
fühlbar wird. Ihm hat die Jury der Akademie den Preis zu-
erkannt, vermutlich nicht ohne manche Bedenken, da untei
vielen guten Ik'gabungen, die in der Ausstellung der Be-
werber sichtbar wurden, die beste sich keineswegs mit deut-
licher iberlcgenheit heraushob.
Aut fällig allerdings sind die Bilder Feibuschs. Sie sind
es durch /luveilen etwas gewaltsame litfckte und durch grclk
Farben, die schrill wirken, wenn sie in dem Bildorganismus
dem es an der Sicherheit der Ordnung gebricht, nicht volL
kommen aufgeben, liiner der stärksten Anwärter auf dei
Preis hätte neben Feibusch der Kasseler Arnold Bode seil
dürfen, den man in der Secession, der Akademie und in
Künstlcrhause ausgiebig kennen zu lernen Caelegenheit fand
Lr gehl von Beckmann aus, dem er in einzelnen Bilden
nicht nur die eigenartige Behandlung der Farbe, senden
auch die charakteristischen Motive der Stilleben abgesehei
hat. Aber im Rahmen der übernommenen Form macht siel
eine sichere (Gestaltungskraft und darüber hinaus in änderet
Bildern eine sehr eigenartige Art der Anschauung und Eni
schiedenheit der Gestaltung bemerkbar. Hier scheint ein«
der tüchtigsten und selbständigsten Begabungen der jüngerei
(jeneration sich zu melden.
Als ein Außenseiter in diesem Kreise, der allmählich siel
zu festigen beginnt, auch wenn es ihm an äußerer Bindun;
fehlt, erschien im Hause der Juryfreien der junge Königs
berger Heinz Liers, dessen Porträts durch die frische Un
bekümmeriheit der Auffassung ebenso überraschten wie durc!
die lebendige i'arbige (Iharakierisierung. In dem noch un
verbildeten Lalent dieses sehr jungen Malers schienen meb
Fjitfaltungsmoglichkeiten zu liegen als in der etwas starrei
durch van (iogh bestimmten Form der Bildnisse Josef Scharl
KÜNSTLER 29(6) 1931. p. 248-49
V
V
,.y
\
LUDVV.ALKRKI) JONAS, 1)I:K MAI 1 K WAKIIA
ausgksti:li/i im k« nstii kiim s, i;i ui in
IIKKMANN ULI MhNTHAL. HlLDNISIil S IF
AI'SCKSIKII.T IN PKR AKAUFMIF, MKKIIN. STA AT-SIKKIb
von dem au dieser Stelle kurzlicl» aiisluhrlicli bcriclitei wurde.
Einen dritten Menschendarsteller lernte man im Jiit^eii Kall-
mann kennen. Licht er es, das I'ormat seiner rorirät/eich-
nun^en, denen durch die Jierühmiheit der Dargestellten ein
zusätzliches Interesse ^evvoinien wird, ins Iherj^roße zu
steigern, so zeigt sich schon hierin ein peinlicher Mangel
an Selbstzucht, die das Talent des Autodidakten auf sein
natürhchcs Maß zurückführen sollte. Aus dem htmten Vielerlei,
das im Reckendorf-IIause geboten wurde, sei nur ein liild
des Dresdener Bernhard Krctschmar hervorgehoben, das über
das gut gesehene Motiv hinaus durch die feine malerische
Auswertung seines koloristischen GehaUes angenehm aufliel.
Unter den Bildhauern, die in den Ausstellungen vertreten
waren, stand der Träger des Staaispreises Hermann Hlumeiuhal
an erster Stelle. Kr besitzt ein starkes TOrmgefühl und ein
selbständiges (jestaltungsvernnigeu, das die Hriimerung an
seine Lehrer Gerstel und Scharff zurückdrängt. Kr ist auch
dem Staatspreisträger des vergangenen Jahres, l'aul Merling,
dem man bei den Juryfreien wiederbegegnet, entschieden
überlegen. Im Küustlerhause trat Heinrich Drake hervor,
dessen Art an Kolbes Kunst erinnern mag. Kin liegender
weiblicher Akt darf als gute Talentprobe getiommen werden.
Es gibt auch unter den jungen Bildhauern einige, die der
individuell zugespitzten Eorm eines Lehrers erliegen, wie
Kurt Schumacher etwa sich eng an (lies anschließt. Im ganzen
aber läßt sich in der stärker handwerklich gebundenen Kunst
der Bildhauer eher eine über den persönlichen Ausdruck
hinausreichende, der Zeit gemeinsame Stilform erkennen,
die den Jüngeren ein sicheres h'undameiu bietet, als in der
Malerei, ileren extreme Möglichkeiten von der Jugend, so-
weit sie in den Berliner Ausstellungen des Winters zu sehen
war, allerdings nur in Ausnahmefällen genutzt wurden.
Wird die h'rage gestellt, ob denn einer und welcher von
den Wegen, die in den letzten Jahren von den Führern
der mit Unrecht noch so genannten „Jugend" gezeigt wurden,
von der heutigen Jugend gangbar befunden worden ist, so
blieben gerade die Berliner Ausstellungen hierauf die Antwort
schuldig. Mau sah in Rudolf Ausleger einen intelligenten
Nutznießer der Kunstform Picassos und Braijues, die heute
gleich vielen anderen bereits auf den Schulen gelehrt wird.
Man sah Otto Nebels abstrakte Kompositionen, die sich gern
in kathedrale Feierlichkeit reiten, und Hans Jänischs beschei-
denere Illustrationen, die ihre Anregung von Kandinsky und
Klee beziehen, im ganzen aber schienen die Ausstellungen
ileneii unrecht zu geben, die meinten, durch den N\ eg in
die abstrakte F'orm sei die Zukunft der Kunst eindeutig be-
stimmt. Wie allerdings diese Zukunft beschaffen sein wird,
darüber nach den Ausstellungen der Jugend in Berlin eine
Meinung zu äußern, schiene vermessen, zumal wir nicht sicher
sind, weniger blind zu sein, als Zeitgenossen sich schon
manchmal erwiesen haben. Wir glauben nicht daran, daß
es unbedingt zum Wesen des Genies gehört, von seiner Zeit
verkannt zu werden. Aber die Lage der Kunst in ihrer Ge-
samtheit deutet darauf hin, daß möglicherweise eine tiefere
W^andlung sich vorbereiter, als sie in den individuellen
Sonderformen einzelner junger Talente bemerkbar wird.
249
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GABRIEL TALPHIR: 100 Artists
»■«■IMI» irü^il . ii
in Israel. Tel Aviv,197l.
N. Paley: Interfor wfth Clown.
.ir!»i rrjDH : -»^d Dini
L Jonas: Jerusalem.
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ifl üKxhl., ix qutxrterly review ol the arts and
Sciences in Israel. No. 19, SumiDer 1967, 5-1'^. »Jerusalem.
11
I
O
abroad. Thcre is no undesirablc trespassing in this picture, as frequcntly
happcns when Jewish artists, sorne of the highest importance, havc re-
coursc to Christian Symbols, such as the Crucifixion.
Anna Ticho settled in Jerusalem at an early age and thoroughly ab-
sorbcd the city's character, atmospherc and environs, which she has ren-
dercd in a free play of her artistic imagination. She is more delicate in
her work, richer in fine nuances, than the late Leopold Krakauer, who
was the first to conquer this landscape for Israel art. In her many portrait
Sketches — mainly of immigrants — Mrs. Ticho has sought to penetrate
to the inner human being. Her art, firmly rooted in the soul of this coun-
try, is being increasingly lauded and appreciated outside Israel, perhaps
because of this indigenous quality. After a series of successful one-woman
shows in European and American museums, the French Government placed
a studio at her disposal in Paris, where she made a protracted stay.
Twenty years ago, the painter Ludwig Jonas, a pupil of Corinth and
Orlik, died in Jerusalem. The self-portrait reproduced here was painted
just before his death and is the last of a series. In addition to its
importance as a masterpiece it bears witness to a heroic personality, a
man with the courage to depict the deterioration of his own physical
frame, and thereby to transcend it as an artist. (Among Jewish artists
it brings to mind the last self-portraits of Lesser Ury and is important for
similar reasons; the best of these is in a private coUection in Jerusalem.)
Jonas painted this picture in a State of exaltation ; he locked his door and
until the work was finished — only a matter of hours before his death —
took no food or drink. Earlier self-portraits are in discreet colours and
painted in an atmosphcre of cool self-appraisal ; this last, done in the
certainty of imminent dissolution, carried the artist away in a pathetic and
glowing expressionist colour scheme. It is a deeply exciting testament of
a Jewish artist trained in Europe. Illness and untimely death only a few
years after immigration prevented Jonas from fully absorbing the new
environment of his art.
Fima (Roytenberg) must also be classified as an immigrant artist,
though he came much later than the others discussed here — he settled
in Israel in 1949 — and from an entirely dififerent environment — Harbin
in Northern China. In the delicate inflexions of his colours the influencc of
Chinese calligraphy and ink drawings can be discerned, but combined
in artistic synthesis with the experience of the Negev wasteland and the
gaunt Judaean Hills. Fima's work, shown in many onc-man and group
shows in Europe and America, is internationally recognized. For several
€
NORA STUDIO
ART GALLERY
9. MAIMON AV. JERUSALEM
TEL. 32849
n-na r-nxso
32849 .^0
!7
1
LUDWIG JONAS
(1887-1942)
*T
1
A
1
Opeo: 10-1, 3-6Sacurdty: 10*2
10-t r nar 3-ö .loi ^vi-'o»a .mirv
p
D'»)3it:;m D^)3-»vnyn ,]ntr;-»vnyn
4.3.1967 n^w^ nn^nsjn
^•njö*? 11.30 nyu/n
4. 3 ♦ 6 7
4. 4. 6 7
you ?re cordially invited
CO a mcmorial exhibition of
oils, water colours, drawings
by LUDWIG JONAS
(25th anniversary of death)
opening saturday 4.3.1967
* ^ 11.30 a. m.
1
1
1
A
1
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NORA STUDIO
ART GALLBRY
9. MAIMON AV. JERUSALEM
TBL. 3 2849
32849 .hJS
1
1
LUDWIG JONAS
(1887-1942)
A
Opea : 10-1» 3-6 Stnirdtf : 10-2
10-t r wr 3-9 ,10-1 ^in-»o»a -.nvfv
1
3
V
r
D'»o'ittr>-n D'»»-'>vnyn ,])3ur-ivny3
nriTJüD^ 25-n njttrn dv ]v^b)
4.3.1967 nnurn nn^nan
vnjD^ 11.30 riytcra
4.3.6 7
4. 4.6 7
you are cordially invitcd
to a memorial exhibitioo of
oils, wacer colours, drawings
h Y LUDWIG JONAS
(25th anoiversary of death)
opCDiag saturday 4.3.1967
• t 11.30 m.
L
1' '" ■■ I ■ miBWUllll lllilli— i»wi|ppni;w»w—l»
■»wf«ppi
wrw^mmm^mmif^
LUDWIG
ALFl^fD
JOM AS
1887
LUDWIG JONAS : IN MEMORIAM
rrh« deatii of th« jpa«nter Lud^ artist^s best camrawJe, Jie man-
"wi^ J<m%ß in Jerusadem shortly aged to paint on his sick-.bed
lafter his tOth birtihday spells a some »elf-portraits of outartÄnd-
«:reat Jom to DPlaleetinian art. in« m«rit
He worked up to the v«ry
OdIj a few weeks agro a last days of his Mfe. Onily when
Ivmail exhibition of wat€r- an inflammation of hi« right
colours by him «howed a fi«lec- hand made painting iinoossible,
tioti of falfl work, while a larg« and th^re was doubt whether
«ii}iibition which was to inolude he wouLd ever be able to work
the whoJe of his Ufe'a work again, his heart, weakejied by
wa« ptennad for a long time long and painfui iline^s, broke
t>iit pofltponed over and over at last
aiSßJin by th« adling arivst who • — • Th.F.M.
(bad ho^e<l ag»lii0t hope to be i
«Ua asaln io paiint oiJlt of
door«. (Now thifl exhibition, which
oertaiiriy will be arranged in
«due tiJTvc, wlU Aerve sm a
anenoofiti.
iFor loi%g Jonaa fought the
<ftght of an artiM's liisrt for work
«agSiina tthe loomin^ shadows of
•deafth. Not for a moment diid
ihe doubt his cu^iatic vocation.
*6u9tained by the unceaaing
iCare of hia wdfe who was the
SUKmI As^äate 'fei .99^^
'Patefttfiie by ^fiving Lü4vig Imm^^ß^^ ätA^mm^a^^
tha chanoe of a onenMm shaw. VS^^Unup of V«iil^
- Afkuftful üt the «mited apaoe wt C^^>^<<«^> ^tmothicMitl^ riiliiBHi^ytMKi
his diapoml, Jonaj this time showjii üiaoeni of a\irnar, Bm II^Kpfmi im
oiüy water-codouTs and bkiek end ^^^ mooniight. «ticrüif 'fjggilioHa»
white works. Thesmall selectiow ^^ich make Uuht öfv (j^ltMl
showa Jonas to be one of our nu^r ^i^n^i«». c^nd the GbuliQlJr Äf. Ot
artiflts, efven thoug>h illneisa pre> ^^Carc. which shows Jona« to W^ «a
venita him from talrang part du the cw^iteotural dirauffhiamao of tbe
aotiv<e cu^ietic Ute around him. ''"Vt order.Theni foü^ akme ak«l^
The wBter-<jolour8 and drawin^s» ^^ ^^ P«l«stine, • wvkiAarflil .,tlaar
on the well« are the records of a life^ ?* "^^"^ ^^^^^^^ es äh^rtf, ib^
»pent travelUng. Sktetches of the y^^» ^^^^ ^^oncel^
= — ^^ ■ tefidiso^pe 00 t&i
i< Bdi snovitig «ödMu^'
^ oolours, rioting aa «(hay'
: and ibriüianoe» ava tda
I flrom the sloklbed. AmofliT'
' ft mimber of meU^^poHt^M
vMonairy iorca; t^ of Ihf ai I» ||ii(bJ
duad cokMif» &How tii n^HlfMI» bW
tbe artist seea himMf in itfta MÜmir
of hia -faulted c«om in tha öld hotaia
>^ inhabitÄ, wuth hIa 0omp9ioU>m,
the black cat and white .^(jPij^iiailBdt '
In the foregrotind. * Tha "üfilßhi- In^«*
^edy of an aitiat'a llfe ia .lApzfflbad
iß thia cfaange of atyle. vh.f.M,
»AINTEIt,
LUDWIG JONAS EXHIEmö
The L,\i>d!wiig Jonas Memorial
'Exhä'bition was opened last
week in the hooiae he u»e<J to
live in (in Ma;millah Road be-
tween the Giepnuan Settiers'
Association aind the Oonvent of
the Soeurs doi Rosaire). The
looale is happily choöen. Much
of the atmosrphere, n which so
many of übe ipiotures were
painted, artill l!kigers in the
domed roonrus. 1^ light may
not be ideal, but the sun ahin'-
ing through the small Windows
caus'es the colour^ to flame up
all the more .vividl^' and It ia
worth several visdts to see each
picture in its proper lig>ht.
With its almost 200 odl»,
dirawings and aquarelles. the ex-
hibition giv«3 a thorough view
of ihe life-work oif Dudw^ig
Jonas, who died at the age of
55, at the height of his career.
One almos-t hesiitates to use that
phra-s^, fo:i a dnroroloigical
study o^ his workis di&clo^es
him to have been a ni'aster from
his firs't exhibition several de-
ca^es ago. a man w>ho never
looked »back, and from the
heights he gained ever ibeheld
new vistas. •
Thu3 we folilow him from the
restrained beauty of the North
Germian river scenes, he was
so fond of paintinjg, to the
gk>win«g Soubh. He reveala to
US the glory of Greece's colours
and of Paleatine's stin. F,ro(m
the fine Rosenzweig Portrait to
the Uuninouj9 likenes« of his
Aralb servtant hda brush seems
to hav« gathered more fuUneas.
Jonas' Palestinian flower pae-
ces have, to qiiote Cheaterfon,
"the transrourent gU^w of an-
cient church Windows «rather
than the 'biiUiance of jerweU"
Again ami again one is en«-
tranced by the sheer beaaity
of his Acropolis pictures The
unique, almost ipainJul perfec-
tion of his Venetian aqirarelles
can be properly appreciated
only by those who hiave spent
several j^ears in that city. They
are in the sanve class as
Ouardi' Dainüings.
The life ^\x)^k of a great ar-
tist is spread out in these five
rooms. one of which contains
drawings with clear-cut hnes
an^r* well balanced blaök and
white lithcgraphs. Bat Ludwig
Jonas scaled stiJl another
heig^bt. Oonseious of his ap-
.4
ippoaching «nd, h% mMkamlh^
hie sufferinga in tfia am-po^
traita he drew «od paiiitwl
ditrincr hda toat dayp- Tbe ttfa-
aiae aquaraUa at tha M aj
the row is oouipeamWa — I aay»
itdetiiberat«ly-ti6 Haaahmodni
kite aekf-'ooitiahi, oot in «tar^l
ibttt in 4te aiknoi
detachment frota 9M(
Ludvte Jonaa
<reco«initlon vwy Wm m uar-
maniy). Ttiia ÜS^nMiAl SkbiM*
tik>n Is hiß Arat «b gVdaattoa.
U a wroqflf fwtm ^asua bim bgr
Paleatlne'a mjcMcf^^tB, ha dra«w
inapiration even irom Ibat
rtM ';^9^.x?|W"^&JjnidttaMtf«f ^m.s'1 ^^tr
Jenuahm Art Note* v^
\ Water-Colours 6y J
onos
In the Jonas Art Gallery
(Mamillah Road), formerly the
studio of the late Ludwig Jo-
nas (d. 1942), a collection of
his aquarelles are on show. In
the Memorial Exhibitlon two
year ago we saw and admired
this important Impressionist
mainly through the medium of
hls oils. Now we see a totally
different side in his water-
colours. Though the artist and
the majority of hls friends are
not hkely to agree with me.
I rate his aquarelles even
higher than his oils.
Among the 25 exhibits every
Single one is a work of art.
Some of them are of unforget-
table beauty. The colour is
of sparkling lucidity, the form
of a kind designed to recall
familiär architecture ^ and en-
able one to look at it with new
and more undcrstanding eyes.
Look at the cupola of the
Dome of the Rock (No. 1)
above the cube of the Haram;
at the Church of St. Marco
(No. 3), everything extraneou»
pared away, .closed in form
and harmonious in colour. Stu-
dy the perspective of the "Ca-
nale Grande" (No. 8), quite one
of the loveliest of them all.
With what grandeur does the
Parthenon tower above the
Attic landscape and what al-
most painful beauty distin-
guishes the atmosphere of the
moonlit Venetian night (No.
23).
Among the views of Corfu
and Dalmatia, let us Single out
the approaching thunderstorm
(No. 4) and ''Spalato from the
Hill", each one of them cleai-
ly Seen, free of all mannerism
or sickly naturalism. It cannot
be regretted too deeply that
Ludwig Jonas' suffering dur-
ing the la^t few years of hit
life prevented him from paint-
ing more Palestinian land-
scapes. This fine and honest
painter could have taught
much to cur rising generation.
Th. F. M.
(
Jönas^tColour Undimn^ v^r> j
'- •V^::'i'l
Kr^'ä^'.t
LUDWIG JONAS : The Harbwtr (oilsJ.
THE memorial exhibitioa
of works by Ludwig
Jonas (who died in Jenisa-
lem in 1942) now at theNora
Studio, Jerusalem, is well
worth a visit On« of Ger-
man3r's promising younger
artists, Jonas came to Pales-
tine with a background of
sedate impressionism that
had matured into almost
luscious colour under Italian
and Mediterranean skies.
Colour^ became bis all and bis
colouK'^i-i» distinctiveiy bis
own, cbaracterized by an abi-
lity tö infuse warmth into
the traditionaily colder blues
and greens. The reproduction
above thus gives no feeling
of the painting's real inten-
sity. His evening watercolour
of the Ponte Accademia in
Venice is a small master-
pie<ce. Wliilt hi# fMEapo«ition»
were usually based upon di-
rect persj;>ectr7e it is worth
comparing the freedom and
economy of his "Italian Fields"
and other watercolours with
the earlier and more rigid
oil, "Northern Canal."
There i» a drawing of his
wife and his pets that shows
an astonishing ability as a
draughtsman not evident in
his paintings. Another un-
usual feature of this show
are the many self-portraits
the artist niade from his
sick bed. They are dominated
by a grimly heroic and strong-
ly coloured watercolour made
by Jonas three days before
he passed away. When he
was certain that his time had
finally arrived. he locked his
door and recorded this last
frank, but unpitying, !ook at
bixnMU. ÜBIB RONNEiU
• »
Hfi>
pnjw T'^ö
1 ü JViAR 1962 oin)
erusalemer
Kunslbericht
Das wichtigite Creignis. über
das zu berichten Ist, stellt die
Lodwlr VIonas-Gedichtnis-Aii».
fliellimf in der Nöra-Galerie an-
lässlich des 20. Todestages des
Künstlers dar.
In der letzten Zeit haben wir
»►zwei Ausstellungen von jüdi-
schen Künstlern gesehen, die in
I der früheren preussischen Pro-
vinz Posen geboren, später als
Maler in Berlin gewirkt haben:
Lesser Ury und Jakob Stein-
hardt. Sie haben beide in der
Zeit der Weimarer Republik in
Berlin gelebt, künstlerisch in
der Epoche des deutschen Spät-
impressionismus und des begin-
-nenden Expressionismus. Auch
Ludwig Jonas ist in der Provinz
Posen (in Bromberg) geboren
und hat dann, wie Steinhardt, in
Berlin bei Corinth, femer auch
bei Orlik, studiert. Während bei
Ury u. Steinhardt Berliner Stras-
senbilder die Erinnerung daran
festhalten, dass sich in dieser
Stadt ihre Künstlerpersönlich-
keit entscheidend geformt hat,
sind es bei Jonas Spreekähne
und Kanallandschaften, artistisch
wohl die besten in dieser Aus-
stellung gezeigten BUder.
Abgesehen von diesem mehr
technisch-fachlichen Masstabe
Ist in dieser Ausstellung der all-
liemein-menschliche für den
künstlerischen Eindruck ent-
scheidend. Als ein vom Tode be-
reits Gezeichneter hat dieser
von seiner Kunst Besessene eine
Reihe von Selbstbildnissem ge-
schaffen, die bleibendes Zeugnis
einer heroischen Künstlerper-
sönlichkeit sind, die ihren eige-
nen körperlichen Verfall im
Bilde festgehalten und sich da-
durch als Künstler darüber er-
hoben hat. Höhepunkt dieses
Kampfes ist, ähnlich wie bei
Losser Ury, das letzte Selbst-
bildnis (Nr 1). Wie der Maler
Miron Sima, der mit Jonas
freundschaftlich verbunden war,
in seiner Eröffnungsrede erzähl-
te, hatte sich der Künstler für
dieses Werk eingeschlossen und
niemand den Eintritt erlaubt,
auch keine Speise zu sich ge-
nommen, bis er das Werk —
ganz kurze Zeit vor seinem To-
de — beendet hatte. Während
die anderen Selbstporträts mehr
gedämpfte Farben und kühle
Beobachtung zeigen, hat in die-
sem letzten B^e die Gewjssheit
des nahen Todes den Künstler
auch koloristisch zu expressioni-
stischem Farbenpathos fortge-
rissen. Es ist das tief erregende
Vermächtnis eines jüdiscÄih)
Künstlers deutscher Schulung,
ein wichtiges Dokument dieser
Epoche.
S
t^fi^or-H H
/v/ort
ITonneTetsff, W. ApTfl 1«1 -^'
liv'-'
j.
NACH ZWANZIG JAHBBN
rNVBRGKBSKN
Aeltere Jerusalemer erin-
nern sich noch des Malers
Ludwig Jona», der 1942 nach
langem schwerem Leiden, erst
öß-jllhrig, gestorben ist. Zwan-
zig Jahre nach seinem Tode
veranstaltet nun die Galerie d.
NORA-STUDIO in Jernsaiem-
Rechavla eine Memorial-Aus-
stellung, die erweist, dass^ die
leuchtenden Farben Jonas In
diesen zwanzig Jahren keines-
wegs verblaast sind. Seine Ita-
lienischen Hafenbilder, seine
Fluss-XJfer, seine Kühne und
endlich die Portraits, die er
geschaffen, sprechen noch
heute xunns, den ernsten,
herben Künstler erweisend,
der die besten Traditionen des
deutschen Impresslonisraue
mit nach Israel gebracht hat.
Tief erschütternd ist die Se-
rie seiner Selbstportraits^^ die
den Leidensverfall de« Kunst-
lers spiegeln, der bis m die
letzten Stunden seiner
„Matratzen - Kruft" — Jahre
hinein, sich selbst mit uner-
bittlicher Wahrheitsliebe kon-
terfeit hat. Nach Jonas' Tod
verwahrte seine Gattin. ^Lottl
Jonas In ihrem Kunetkabi-
nett an der Mamilla Strasse
(heute: Rechow Agron) den
Nachlass des Verewigten der
später in den Besitz des Nora-
Studios überging: in dem neu
erstehenden Besalel-Museum
wäre der würdige Platz fiir
einen Jonas-Saal. zur Verewi-
«inr des Andenkens an emen
der bedeutendsten Künstler.
NA
Cr**
c-
'I
OM>AEC•^NIfi^
AUSSTEI.LUNO
LUDWIG JONAS S.A.
Eine Gedächtnlsausatel-
lunsr für den 1942 erst Ö5-
jäfhrier verstorbenen Jeni-
salemer Mater Ludwlr '
JONAS, fand im Haifaer
städtischen Museum für
moderne Kunst statt Jonas
ein sehr introvertierter
Künstler, der sich vor allem
durch »eine delikaten Fa^
ben und seine sensitiven
Landschaf tsdarstellunereTv
auszeichnete* hat in seiner
\ Jugend besonders einnräs-
sani und stinmiunersvoll die
Spreeereeend. Spreekähne«
französische Hafenstädte.
Menschen in- der Land- j
»chaft festprehalten^ In späJ-
teren Jahren wurde er txl
einem der hervorragenden
Portraltlsten der Land-
schaft um Jerusalem. Er-
' schlitternd ist besonders
. sein letztes Selbstportrait
dass er auf dem Kranken-
bett, kurz vor seinem Tode
— ähnlich, wie Lesser Ury
— aufzeichnete.
Museumsdirektor Dr. P.
Schiff erklärte mit Recht
in einer Katalo^notiz. dass
Ludwig: Jona» ein wahrer
Repräsentant der spirituel-
le und artistischen Vor-
nehmheit einer pressen eu-
ropäischen Tradition war.
! 1^
• *
Jedioth ChadaGho'h 13.''.19C7
chalor ren-'':horin:
Ludwig Jonas im Nora-Studio
:ünlundzwaiiaig Jahren tet 36 Oelbilder, Aquarell« und
▼erstarb in Jerusalem der Ma- Federzeiohnungen.
1er und Graphiker Ludwig Jo
Das. Er wurde 1887 in Brom-
berg geboren, studierte in Mün-
chen und Berlin Medizin, ent-
schied sich aber dann für eine
künstlerische Laufbahn. Bei
den bedeutenden Meistern des
Impressionismus Elmil Orlik
un Lovis Corinth erfuhr er sei-
ne Ausbildung als Maler. Wei-
tere Studienjahre führten ihn
nach I^ris, Italien und Grie-
chenland. 1927 stellte er zum
erstenmal im Deutschen Künste
lerbund aus. Max Liebermana
lud ihn ein, sich an der Aus-
stellung der Preussischen Aka-
demie in Berlin su beteiligen.
Jonas war es nicht mehr be-
schieden, in Deutschland die
Früchte seiner Arbeit zu ern-
ten. 1935 wanderte er nach Erez
Israel aus, wurde In Jerusalem
ansässig und schuf hier bedeu-
tende Landschaften, insbeson-
dere vom Klnereth-See. Die ge-
genwärU^e Ausstellung im No-
ra-Studio, die das Gesamtwerk
des Künstlers noch einmal ein-
drücklich susammenfasst, bie-
S. B. C
»
c
l •?> . ^ '^
Jerusalem
I.VDWIG JONAS — XMMrfaU
■h#w f«r flae im^r«Ml*Biti wk«
died im JerasaleM jest |9 ycärs
»«•. B*rH 1887 Im Br««Wrg,
k« stadied mediciac ia Mmkidi
»■d Bcrlia; mad pabittef Wider
t;«rlBih. Bhowiaff at Um DMt-
•cli«r K«M«tl«rb«Bd. lavtted \>r
Max Liebermaa I« PnMftUA
Aeadrniy. Came kere la IfSS.
Jd»re thaa hatf tlie «lls, w»t«r-
c«l*«rs »ad drawiafs «a aMw
Mre •BiKtaadiaf »ad ''Fiahias
ia CaiisiK'* (17) U »a aqmarelle
aay maneani w^mld \m ]^raa4
«• «wa. JEKLSALKM <Nata
i;»llery) tili Marck M. (M.R.)
May 9f 1977
Direotor,
Oallery Norah
S, MaimoQ Straet
JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
V
'S'.
Oear Sir:
.^^1
I have been Interaated, f or many yaara, in tha wc3i0c and lifa
of the paiatar Ludwig Jonas, vho diad in ^aruaalatn in 19U2*; Ha waa a
Cousin of my mother*s, and whan I waa a boy growing up in^Barlin, ha
would ocoasionally visit mj Tamily, and he becama, in fact^ iny fav'orita
**uacla.'^ I have still same copiea of araall etchings of hia and a ohar-
coal drawing of royaelf, which he did when I waa about eley^n yeara old«
It is hanging in my living roora and reminded me frequently t o find tima
to write to jou. ,;,:;.
Some tlme ago, my couain Roy Oppenheim of ,tengnau, Switz
land, who ia also related to Ludwig Jonas, gave me your addresa and
mentioned that Ludwig* s widow, who renarrled and lived in .England, waa
still alive and now living in London« I would be moat gri^teful for
your sending me her address, if you oan« Lotte and I corx^ejiponded for
several yeara but then letters became fewer and other buslneas took'
precedence« I was then engaged in locating paintinga of Ludwig* a with
a thought of possibly collecting enough to publiah a biography and
a review of hia art work. Naturally, a good many of hia {Dalntin^a
done in larael are probably with you, or eise their location in Israel
ia Icnown« I was not very succesaful, which diin*t surpriae ne ftinoe I
am not all that faniliar with hia work before 1937, other than what I
remember fron my Visits to his studio and iliustrations of hia worka
which I found in varioua soiiroes, not many, too be eure. ]
Some years ago I was fortunate in obtainlng the niemorial
lecture given liy Heinz Politzer, and I heard somehow of the great re-
troapective which was prepared for the 25th anniversary of his death«
3ut i have no acceas to Israeli newspapers or art Journals of that time
which may have reported on the axhibltion*
I would be vory Tiuch obliged to you for Mra« Anthony* a addreas,
and ßny other news you may have« Is there any Chance of sending me
rei'erencea or copies of ßrticlas which have been published (in English)
aöot Ludwig Jonas before or since his ieeth? There is practically no
litereture about hin in IJuropean or -American perlodicals*
Also: do yoia heppen to know whflt henpened to I^udwlg's nortrait
believe it was hers: she vns :'>enz ^osen-
one or the relatively few portraits paintf
of Mrs« Amalie riosenzw44g (I
zw'iig's grandmother)? It was
by LJ.
I renain.
Most sincerely yo'jrs,
John Henry Richter
i>^-*>.'20.HvtK V\jLl/i
]jovr^^ S^
t)
^^-w^
a> ^K
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l?f^-{0(^&^^
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^
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I
4
//
^
Ow
«KV
Q^ ^'VU.iji,ji k/'><^.>vcW/^A JA%1 l-h.-
oby. ^^uaI i^fc JVn^T? Uoo(cv^v\yi:il<: y^K
'f^ up
Um'PI^
1^
4. llovMib«r 1979
S«hr ct«hrl« Ftau Doktori
^^^iX^-sTv^^^y^
loh kann wohl kaua aim«!!««!* dasi ««in 1I«m Ilin«ii neeh» luieh «o
Tl«itn Jahr«n, in Brinn«ninc i<t. Vor 14 Jahron soluriob loh Sftitn»
alo loh dio Oonoalofio dor FMilio Bonjaain Sogall boarboltoto.
Inswlsohon Itt riol Maaoor in dio Oioano golaufon* und hottto aooch-
to loh Xhnon uobor oin gant andoroa untornohaon tooriohton, lu wolohoa
loh Ihro Aroundlloho Mithilf o orhitton aooohto.
Zwar aind vir tu oinoa rooht ontf omton Orado Torwaadt » hab«i abor
oinon goisinoaaon Fround gehabt, dor nuaal oin Yottar aoinor Hattar
> und fuor aidh oin liobroiohor Onkol aoinor Kindholt aari Ludidg
Jonao. Raoh ooinoH viol su fruohon Todo hatto loh Jahrolang ait
aoinor Frau und Wittwo korroopondiort , dio dam aMh. ala Frau
Paul Anthony, vorotorbon iot« Hun habo ioh aohon aoit droi Jahran
ait Paul korroopondiort, doa ioh ahkr gom ait aoinoa Projokt ba->
hilflieh aoin aooohto. Ba liogt ihn, und auoh airt danoi, dao
Godaoohtnio an Ludwig, und aoin Lobonawork, aufroohtaaorhalton •wid
ihm doo, wio aueh ioh glaubo, gobuohrondon Platt ia Rahaon dor iha
•oitgoaaoaoon Kunot au Toroohaffon. Mir donkon da an oino liogra-
phio. alt gut auagoouohton Illuatrationon oinigor tainor Mauptvarko
Üb SINER USTS DBR WERKS, DIE SICH IN NDSBBH SOWIE AUCH IM PEIVAT-
BBSITZ bofindon - aowoit obon aeloh oino Lioto aufgoatollt «ordon
kann. Von oinoa Ankauf, ote. iat koino Rodo, dooh waoro oo oOhr
orfroulieh, wonn aan Yon den (aoiaton) Workon farbigo RopredUkionan
orhaolton kooiaito, fuor doron Anfortigung wir wohl aohon dio Unkoatan
dookon koannt«!.
Sio wordon oohon aohtn, daaaddioaoa Projokt ohno Mithilfo von
in laraol lobondon und aieh intorooaiarandon Poraonon nioht untomoa-
aon wordtn kann. Dakar alao aueh aoin Brief an, daa oin gloiohor an
Frau Hera Wilonaki folgen wird. Sie, und Frau Wilenaki.wiaaon dooh
wohl aa booten, wo Werke Ludwige heute aind, oder war aoloho boaitit,
boaondore aber wohl, wolohe Muaeon Werke von ihn haben. An einen
vollataendigm Catalogue raioannaie iat kaua lu danken, auail ioh
aelbet wohl Ludwig 'e Kunot aehr aohaots, aber nuaal kein Kunatwieaen-
aohaftler oder Saohvorataondiger bin. Uobor oein Loben (ale Kind und
junger Mann) und oein« Panilio woiea da aohon aehr, aber leider mir
recht wenig uobor aoin Kunataehaffon und aoin Leben naeh 1933* Lette
iat da auoh uobor daa Jahr 1920 nioht horauagekoaBon. Und uobor den
Maltr Ludwig Jonao iat leider aueh nur eerh oehr wonig in der Kunat-
literatur orat^onon.
Sehroibon Sio air doeh bitte, ob oa Ihnen aoeglieh «aero, unaor«
Projokt lu helfen, auoh wenn oa aieh nur ua Naaen ron Poraonon handeln
aollto, dio unter Uaataendon dio notwendige Inforaatien haben- «ader
bereit waeron, aio lueaBaoniuatellon. Wir (Paul und ioh) aind nun auol
nioht aehr dio Juengaton, ao wollen wir ait den Angriff dor Arbeit nie
allBulango aehr aarton. Ludwig hat auaindoet diooen Voreueh Yordiont,
n\ur oin Jaaatr, oe hat eo lange gedauert, bia aueh nur die Vorher ei>
tungen boginnen konnten.
Wuerdo aioh aehr freuen, Ton Ihnen hooren tu duorfen, und
vorbft&ibe, ait orgobenaton Oruoaaen,
Ihr aehr entfomtor Vetter
I
/
Or. HERTA KOCHANOWSKY
PHYSICIAN
1, J«rusal«m Street, Haifa
Tel. 65327
n K a 1 1
6 5 S 2 7 .b\3
• •
Haifa,
"2y.T: Bo":
...HB'n
ear .Ir, I rot your letter ar.ä i öon. t for-et ludwl^ .ona
.rs vaienski knows inore than i ,„,ere Hisg^^ntin.s ar. hanflnr
I have some myselfTh re ir-
painting of J erusalem-i
saw it
daily when 1 went to hadassah Hospital-afertne second
World war,rhen l learned sometninp of the new medici
w
I did not ro for t ,e time Vefore,hecause ,;e nad
mes
a coffi
hou;^e in the neantimethe briti
sh were no so Food as to
pive^refugees aulce to ro. ^ou know that.,ypll,x have p
^riends now-no^ so many because xaul'ssist
en
er elaine is
dead and her sister wrote ^o rne -not paul.
30 you see,thinrs are never simple. I have 3 rraphics of
him-a small act sittinp,3 boys at .vannsee-a^n.des,and
one boy lyingon a couch, atiö a dorbefore his ]as^
flat in r^milla read in J^ •m^'alem. .an oil of flo-.-ersv.ry
■•^nd ano-her ,-rapaio of those boys in V.annsee. that i^
all. „hat do you do in A-n ArM(jiV?l a;n interes-ed in
^^urr,a.ns,bPcau?P the. are -eldom.Of cour e i read the
i^ife and death of ^esus,by justice Chaim Cohen who
'^^^ f^om Lüb
eck.
h ^
\
(7
'l'Xyiyu A^H V^i2/ ^^cy/-^
txpC^
/ovU
0\. Lvt^^
^''■O.
if. ^ov«aib«r 1979
<u.«
Sehr geehrt« Frau Wllenskit
V
Wenn ich mich nicht allzusehr irre, schrieb ich Ihnen mal, vor
Jahren, als ich mich mit der Idee harumtrug, eine Biographie von
Ludwig Jonas, dem Vetter meiner Mutter und mein guter Frednd und
"Onkel "meiner Jugendjahre, 2U schreiben. Tausend andere Dinge sind
dann, wie das nun immer ist, zwischen dem guten Vorhaben und dte
Arbeit selbst gekommen.
Vor einigen Konaten habe ich aber doch ernstlich daran gedacht,
diese Arbeit vorzubereiten, zumal wir ja alle nicht unsterblich sind,
und ich ganz davon ueberzeugt bin, dass Ludwig und s*in künstlerisches
ScWfen es verdient, der heutigen vtfelt wieder in Erinnerung gebracht
zu werden.
Der neuerliche Versuch entstand in meiner Korrespondeni mit
Herrn Paul Anthony, den rfittwer der Wittwe Ludwigs, Frau Lotte geb.
Schliepmann, mit der ich jahrelang korrespondierte, und mit desran
.iittwer ich nun gerne zusammenarbeiten moechte. Die Idee ist,
eine Biographie Ludwigs zu schreiben, die mit Parbreproduktionen
seiner besten .Jerke illustriert sein sollte, und zu dem wir eine
Liste seiner in Museen und Privatbesitz exiattierenden A»erke hinzu-
fuepen moechten. Eine solche Liste zu ferfertigen, laesst sich nur
machen, wann wie die freundliche Withilfe von Ihnen und von Frau
Dr. Kochankov/sky zaehlen duerfen, zumal ja weder Paul noch ich "am
Orte" sind, waehrend Sie natuerlich viel besser aeber Ludwig 's Werk
Israel unterrichtet sind. Moeglicherweise gitt es auch eine Liste
der .Verke Ludwig' s, zumindest deren, die sich in Museurasbesitz be-
finden. Hier in Amerika bin ich mit Ludwig's Neffen in Verbindung,
da Ludwig's Brueder (beide nun verstorben) Ludwig's Geraaelde aus der
Frankfurt/Oder Zeit besitzen (also Fruehwerke), und u eher die Jahre
hin habe ich Reproduktionen einiger Gemaeide ergattert, die abar fuer
«ine veroeffentlichung nicht anwendbar sind« man braucht natuerlich
erstklassige negative , et c .
Darf ich Sie nun bitten, mir mitsuteilen, was Si« von di«-
s«m Liebesprojekt halten, und ob es Ihnen moeglich wa«r«, an d«r -
Arbeit (mit Rat und Information) teilzunehmen? Ich bin mir aehr bewuas
dass man dies schon vor Jahren haette tun aollen, aber damals hatte ich
weder Verbindungen noch die Zeit. Es wird nun aber doch Zeit, eben ehe
die Generation der Zeitgenossen Ludwig's von der Buehne verschwinden.
Ich awcre Ihnen fuer Ihre frdl.Anwort hoechst dankbar,
und verbleibe.
Mit erj^ebensten Grussen
in
/ /
(Ich habe heute auch an Frau
Dr. Kochanowsky p,eschrieben)
y\^y
/
/
k^
tV
Deceraber 13, 198O
Mr. and Ivirs. Alex 2adek
1^20-36 Avenue
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98122
Dear ivir. and f/lrs. Zadekt
> , ^ ^ ^ , I am writing to you at the Suggestion of
my friend C. Paul Anthony, the widower of Lotte Zach^ias Jonas Her
second husband Ludwig Jonas was. as you know. a very^Jol Seither
fem Tn l?£i"^^^?^^P^^"*®^°^ cnnsiderable talent. WhS died in Jerusa-
lern in 19^2. Ludwig was also my mother's favorite cousin and. when I
was a small boy. my favorite uncle. We were in touch until hi moved to
Jerusalem, and after I left Germany in 1941. I heard only of his diath
Ln •2r.n?^^PS"^^^ ^^Jf ^°^*f ""^^1 «^« ^i«^' «^d some th^ee years
^ ;>,!T ^ *? ^r}' *^^^"ß "^^'^^y ^^°"* ^y palntlngs he raight know
A if^atjremained in somebody's care after both Ludwig 's and Lotte 's
aeath. Frora our long correspondence emerged a plan to compile a
catalogue raissnne, if possible, which would list at least all the
+hTiS i'[!:°T ^^^either in private hands or in museums. One dare not
think that somehow we raight even produce reproductions of the most
important works. The idea came that we might contact all people whom
ILr^l'l ^^""^ °'" "^y ^^""^ ^^^'^^ °^ ^"^^^ie» ^d ^e had some unexpected
f>«„«H ^ Hecently Paul ment*oned your name and address which he had
found m an old addressbook of Lotte's. Paul thinks that you raay have
cause very much indeed if you could perhaps describe them brief ly to
me. as apparently there does not exist any chronological list of Lu6'
r^d ft^'*o«;t i\^° Ifil'ow that there are a fair numbe? in puWic museums.
and at least two collections in Israel in private hands. If and how
rj?ni r.?^? ?^^''^*^^uf ^i''^,*' Wography (for which I have at least
fn^nn^v^^ST+K^L'^*?^ i"" ^^t f^ily) remains to be planned. I have been
1?++?^ «/i? ^^t ^*!J members of his family (who live here). but know
little of his life after the family split up in the process of emigrat-
I would be most obliged for your kind reply, and remain,
Most sincerely yours.
John Henry Richter
Decembor I3, 198O
Mr. W. Kurt Karon
Apartment 36
"Chantilly"
4660 Queen Mary Hoad
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CAKADA
Dear Mr. Karon 1
Some tlme ago, I had a letter from my friend C. Paul
Anthony, the widower of ¥rs. Lotte Anthony, who mentioned your name and
address. Mr. Anthony and I are trylng to corapile a list of the paintinffs
of Ludwig Jonas, Lotte 's husband before Mr. Anthony, and a cousin and
good friend of mine of many years. I knew Ludwig when I was a boy in
Berlin and he came to visit ray parents. The idea of pr eparing a cataloc
raisonnee of Ludwig 's work has been on Faul 's tnind and my own for some
years now, realizing that it is difficult to find owners of his works
in private hands, and to persuade them to teil us just which pictures
they have. It would be wonderful if the works of .-najor importance in
the artistio career of this gifted and unfortunately rarely mentioned
man could be made better known, with a book enriched by color reproduct-
ions. But noticing the sky-rocketing cost of Publishing (not to mention
the problera of getting negatives for the reproductions) we doubt we can
(10 more than corapile a list of works with brief descriptions and, per-
haps, a note on their location. There seem to be two collections in
Israel (there was an impressive meraorial exhibition in I967 in Kaifa) ,
and Single works in a number of museums both in Israel and other countries
Some of the works in private possessions were made known to us by our
contacting the known owners, and this letter is another effort toward
the noble aim. «Jould you be kind enough to let me know whether you have
works of Ludwig, and perhaps list thßm, with a bit of description, arxd
if by Chance they are dated, give the date? I fear raost of his works were
not dated, but Paul seems to have a fair idea of when at least some of
the major paintings wero ccmplote«. I have a fair araoiing of biographic-
al Information about Ludwig, since I know his faraily well, and we do have
a biography of his, written by Lotte, which teils of his life until
about 1920.
I should be most obliged for your kind reply and remain.
Most sincerely yours,
John Henry Richter
JOHN HENRY RICHTER
P.O. BOX 7978
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48107
''^^^^h/Y
\
1
Ootob«r 16* 1981
touch with
poseasion.
wjrks, Xt
Hp«. Jina Chanooh
Ik ^tudela Str««t
JSBUSALBM, ISÄABL , J
öear Mra. Chanoch:
' ■ . ■ ♦
,.. In ^oveAbevtof 1979, I wrote to your mother, Mp», Nora
^iieaslci, about a projeot to coraplle a catalogue palsonna for tbe
worics of ny coualn Dudwlg Jonaa, wh^ died in 191^2 In Jeruaalani«
Por yeara after hie death, I corraaponded wlth hla widq», Mpg. Lotta
•jonea, who aubaequently raaprled Mr. C. Paul Anthony. In hap oorp«i*.
pondance aha -nentloned that the ppobably lapgaat gpoupa of hl« palri^
tings apeÄ the Oallepy Mopa and in her own posaeaslon, whloh. aft«p
her death, came to Mr. Anthony. t < .
In the paat few yeara, Hr. Anthony and I trled to get lo
thoae whora ««e Jcnow have Ludwig« a Work In their privat©
There are also a number of muaeuma whlöh own aotna of hl«
Mno Ji-i^r. :f Vi «n^easy taslc, of oouraa, and I am aorry to aay that
^h«:. • 2" iid not answer my lattar. I am now in touch wltb tha
threa nephews of uudwig, wr.y alao have sorae of hia aarlleat worka.
and w. om I have k lown for -noat of their Uvea. It Juat nevar cama to ua
to coilec^ aata on the worka we know, but Mr. Anthony and I lika to
raake aa ef.ort. Ludwig J nms, never en:)ugh appraoiatad in laraal
oecause, a.'ter all, he did mt not fit into the concept of Jewiah art.
was never tne lese aa gifted an aptlat aa he was ahy, and hia latara
worita remind nia of none nore than Kokoachra, whila in hia''/ranoh period"
uudwig waa not far frora the aÄitivity and baauty of Casanna. I kaow
1 need not go into detail when writing to a oonnaisaaur of art, aa
I essune you sre alao involvei in the work of tha Oallaiy Äora.
' - • % »
, Would you be kind anough to reapond to ny lattar by
lettmg ^e know what s the atatua of Luiwig'a work nownday«. I
some Of even lost ara your property, othera perhaps are on lala. Tha
cetalog would Hat hia worka by data (if knowri) and glva a briaf titla
ior each, rogeth'^r with the tnedlura used. Ihe nama of ownora wodld^tTot
be fziven, out the nane of the 'waeuma would. We surely want to guard
the ^:)rivac7 ^f the owners. If auch e catelog can be aasenblad, I would
au ply e bi ography oü Ludwlg's life untll 1^30, on tha baaia of tha
'er-.6n -a- jscri-t of a blogr^aphy vrltten by Lotta, «nd nrobably sid the
fl-e trlbuces oßil to '.udwl^ st th'occeaions of the two --emorlal ©xhl-
o.tion.«?, in 1S12 p- -i 1967...
/lro,^ ^ ^iysei; 3wn a nrecioua charc^al of 7178611' at the age of 11
US?i;, w ich -.uiwip iid w-ile he st die i in Berlin. An oil Portrait
«ras .r.'eti?*s«/al)l/ lost iurin.r mi;rrfition r-ni later noves. I pIso have
CJ-19S >.• s3'.e 0.' is irfl./i>:^^3 rni etchines. Sad to aay, I lost touch
With .uiwiT si'tep :is e.iigretion ;'ron tier-.ßny, r id have no letters of
i.Sftr-11,
X shrjli oe ost ooli^Jed f 3r yjur ki v3 renly.
rtemaining,
Most incerely yours
aaatnna
.^v'
tv</
v^VU
Daoeobtr 13, 198O
Mr. and Mrs. Al«x Zadek
1420-36 Avenue
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98122
Dear Mr. and fflps. Zadek t
- , _. ^ ^ I am writing to you at the Suggestion of
«Loni^iJ» i' l^'^K^^^V^* ^^® widower of Lotte Zacharlas Jonas. Her
second husband Ludwig Jonas was, as you know. a very good and rather
?!i 7n iQji''^'T''J^4P*^''*®'*,°^ cnnsiderable talent. who died in Jerusa-
i!S i -i2^?'v ^"«^»^is^^^s fjso my mother's favorite cousin and, when I
was a small boy. my favorite uncle. We were in touch until ho moved to
Jerusalem, and after I left Germany in 19ifl, I heard only of hinjath
I then corresponded with Lotte until she died. and some three years
ago, wrote to Paul, asking mainly about any paintings he might know
or that remained in somebody's care after both Ludwig 's and Lotte 's
aeath. Prom our long correspondence emerged a plan to compile a
catalogue raissnne, if possible, whioh would list at least all the
?2f J iu®!'" ^^ either in private hands or in rauseums. One dare not
tninK that somehow we might even produce reproductions of the most
important works. The idea came that we might contact all people whora
we know have or may have work* of Ludwig, and we had some unexpected
8UCCQS8 •
^«„«^ 4 rtecently Paul raent*oned your name and address which he had
f ound in an old addressbook of Lotte's. Paul thinks that you may have
paintings of Ludwig, and if you do. you would of course help our «ood
cause very much indeed if you could perhaps describe them briefly to
me. as apparently there does not exist any chronological list of Lud-
^if f/?""^'* !• ^"^ J?ow that there are a fair numbe? in public museums,
and at least two collections in Israel in private hands. If and how
we could publish a catalog plus p biography (for which I have at least
a "»jJo'^ Part of data on his family) remains to be planned. I have bJen
in touch with the last members of his family (who live here), but know
ion ^ ^*^ ^^* family split up in the process of emigrat-
I would be most obliged for your kind reply, and remain,
Most sincerely yours.
John Henry Richter
U
•^71
1^1 ^t
December I3, 1930
Mr. W. Kurt Karon
Apartment 36
••Chantilly**
^660 Queen Mary Road
MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
Dear Mr. Karon:
Some tirae ago, I had a letter from my friend C. Paul
Anthony, the wldower of f^'rs, Lotte Anthony, who mentioned your narae and
address. Mr. Anthony and I are trying to corapile a list of the paintings
of Ludwig Jonas, Lotte 's husband before Mr. Anthony, and a cousin and
good friend of mine of many years, I knew Ludwig when I was a boy in
Berlin and he came to visit my parents. The idea of preparing a catalog
raisonnee of Ludwig 's work has been on Faul 's mind and my own for some
years now. realizing that it is difficult to find owners of his works
in private hands, and to persuade them to teil us just which pictures
they have. It would be wonderful if the works of niajor importance in
the artistic career of this gifted and unfortunately rarely mentioned
man could be raade better known, with a book enriched by color reproduct-
ions. But noticing the sky-rocketing cost of Publishing (not to mention
the Problem of getting negatives for the reproductions) we doubt we can
do more than corapile a list of works with brief descriptions and, per-
haps, a note on their location. There seem to be two collections in
Israel (there was an impressive memorial exhibition in I967 in Kaifa) ,
and Single works in a number of museums both in Israel and other countries]
Some of the works in private possessions were made known to us by our
contacting the known owners, and this letter is amother effort toward
the noble aim. /io\xl^ you be kind enough to let rae know whether you have
works of Ludwig, and perhaps list them, with a bit of description, and
if by Chance they are dated, give the date? I fear raost of his works were
not dated, but Paul seeras to have a fair idea of when at least some of
the major paintings were ccraplete*. I have a fair amoung of biographic-
al Information about Ludwig, since I know his family well, and we do have
a biography of his, written by Lotte, which teils of his life until
about 1920.
I should be most obliged for your kind reply and remain,
Most sincerely yours,
John Henry Richter
r
RF"^8S
V
Lotte^ ^i
Ok^S
fr^K
Ott
7
30 U^^ '^^H
flMIfeliMMMMUWMMte
üAiMHiMdMMiiaiai
^^^
c
o
i
I
c
^
o
78, Brlarwood Road
Ewell, Surrey
^0([
Dear John,
30 th January I954.
please forgive the delay of thie letter, but Chrlßtmas
seeijQB to prolon? Itself UDtll late In January - I really had not the
necer'sary quiet and concentra tion which I needed for this letter.
First of all - l wanted to thank you frojj all luy heart for the se-
rious Interest you are taking In the Personality and the work of
Ludwig anu relleve uje a llttle froaj the constant bad consclence I
have with retard to keeping hls meniory alive. Here, in England, I am
afraid, I can do absolutely nothing for hi.u, not even atteuipt to in-
troduce hin. to the public by means of an Exhibition, because it
in our country are enslaved by the
O-eriijany of IpiO (before the first
of coursel - or they are fri^.ht-
Court-painters . Ludwig' s art was
would be a fallure. Modern artlsts
so-called "abatract" of France and
world-wari - they don*t know that,
fully Photographie in the sense of
soundly based upon the tradition of the French lupressionists, but
he was no follower or Imitator of theiD, but found his own personal
means. of expressiow. In none of the Iiüpressionists* pictures you wiii
find those long, sweeping, horizontal brush-strokes whicn bullt up
his masterly coiuposed canvasses. "I wrlte a picture as I woula a
letter" he used to say, lettin^ his heart anu soul speak froiii one
to the next sentence anu expressing his f eeling for the beauty of
form and colour and corjposition. He workeu frouj the sub-conscious,
feverishly, unaware of anything around hi^ü, nearly as belng in a
trance, muttering all the tioie to hiüiself, as if he had to fight and
to lüaster an Opponent. It was always the üjOu^ent of Inspiration that
bullt his Works - he never painted landscapes after Sketches in his
studio and never "bettered" or corrected his landscapes conceived
directly before nature; his finished pamting was the unfailing logic
of his luind - not brains - like an architect'^s buildlng, in which one
altered stone would cause the whole work to crush. So uiuch for his
landscapes. In portraits he adopted quite a different technique. He
never wqb sa cmrieü. witti his erftn^tK-^aTra^Tesriiy sTruggle^ as Jacob
once fought with the angel. He did not alter what he had painted,
but he scratched the whole {.)alnting off and painted a new one on the
aaiüe ground. His self-portrait j a master-piece (the photograph is in
the booklet by H. Politzer)and the best Portrait he ever did, I thin<i
hides under his surface not less than 26 seif -portraits. . .an different
in expression and well worth preserva tion . . .but he thought theiü not
co.DinflC up to the heipcht of his Vision. With the last version he was
I
€
.!fr'.
"^^^
.L »
o
o
- . - a üearL auu eoul apeak froii» one
to the next sentence anü expressine; hls feellnp; for the beauty of
form and colour and co;;ipo8ltlon. He workeU froi^ the sub-coneclous,
feverishly, unaware of anything around hl.u, nearly as belnf? In a '
trance, uiuttering all the tlu^e to hlüiself, as If he had to flght and
to uiaster an oi)ponent. It was always the uiou,ent of Inspiration that
bullt hls worka - he never palnted landscapes after Sketches in hls
studio and never "bettered" or corrected hls landscapes concelved
directly before nature; hls flnished pamtlni? was the unfailing loglc
of hls uilnd - not brairs - llke an archltect's buildlng, in wiiich one
altered stone would cause the whole work to crush. So u.uch for hls
landscapes. In portralts he adopted qulte a dlfferent technique. He
•never wa^ Ba-(,iarieü. wi tti hls erforLB-aTKrTganysTrügi^led as Jacob
once fought with the ansiel. He dld not alter what he had palnted,
but he scratched the whole paintlng off and palnted a new one on'the
same ground. Hls self-portrait- a inaster-plece (the photograph lo In
the booklet by H. Politzer)and the best Portrait he ever dld I thln*:,
hldes under hls surface not less than 26 seif -portralts. . .an'dlfferent
In expression and well worth preserva tion. . .but he thought theui not
co.Dlng up to the helght of hls vlslon. With the last verslon he was
eventually deeply satlsfled; "Now l have palnted myself" he sald with
an unearthly radiant and sad swlle. He knew that there lay burieu
under the surface the picture of a blond, youthful artlst, stront^ an<^
extreuiely handsome, as he was still at the beglnning. of our .iiaorLony
But B«t thls and all th^other changing faces had. gone in the nine yeirc
of our llfe together ana only the last one he thought worthy: The
sufferer, who has, as a work of art, all the lualitles of the prevlooc
versions,unlted and developed to never before achieved greatness - a
and as a. man it looks Into another (Generation with eyes that have sec-M
death day after day for long, Ion.-? years at an age when man is at
hls helght and is still going on to loftler achlevements. Illness
and paln Indescrlbable, dlsliluslon and hopelessness could yet not
break hls spirit. He painted by day In bed and by nlf^ht by a ailse-
rable electrlc torch - drawings, watercolours, in a fury of creation
all the room was littered with papers by hls hand. All these drawlngi
shortly before the ena - he died the 12th of February 4P - I left in
Rudi s hand anu in Palestine. They were exhlbited in the lAemorial-
Exhibltlon of bis. work in Jerusale:ii one year after hls death and
qulte recently (1051) agaln in Jerusalem. Ivly bent friend, i.irs. Wilencrü"
V^ a great ad:iiirer of Ludwig's art and ardent fi.^hter for hlr. recog- '
nltion in Israel, arranged thls last Exblbition; - not one picture
was sold. - i)ear John, you asked for a chronological list of hls pain-
tlngs. For all paintlngs it is not possible for ine to date theji
especially for those of his early years. In the llttle catalcgue(here
Ynn ?f^ ^1^ ^^""^ t'^^t'^J'' P^^ ^^'^ ^^^^"' i" i"^ "^^^ the subjects.
von Ii^tf ? t ^^°''^ ^^^ precice biography on top of it whl.h gives
you all the dates necessary. Hls first exhlbited work in the "Deutsche.
Kuen3tlerbund"(lc2P)(,i,entioned in the biography) was No "56 "THV LOCK-
i
i
^)
GATE. ' - I have still to ex;3lain the reaoon why I dld not continue
to wrlte Ludwig '8 extensive blo^raphy. Rudi wrote ii,e a lopg tliae ago
that you were looklnf? forward to readln'^ It, anu I was really very
sorry to dlsar^polnt you in thi.-. respect. Dut there are two reasons
I realized that the story of hin llfe, a very lulet one .^ontly.woux-.
only interent those people who Icnew hiin as an .urtist.But unfortuna-
tely thifl circle is so small to-day that it counts in the eyes of a
publisher for nothln^. To inake a novel of his life meeta with the
saline difficulties. It lacks all the excitin?? luilieus whlch a life of
Van Oogh s or ToulouBe-Lautrec ' s can boaat of and whlch alone inte"
rests the averaf5e reader. I would never t^et a publisher for lay book
Ludwi.c; was a :iiost unusual man - but by no ,üeans a novel-hero.
I suppose that you were too younß to reuieujber hiiü. Betit you can
picture hi.a goint? out in the early ..lomin.ci; before sunrise, loaded
With a heavy easel, with canvas and colourbox, his pockets bulKlner
With a piece of dry bread and a thick: slice of "Schlagwurat" (sausr
- his aieal for the whole day. There he stände on a bridge over the
Spree (Berlin' s river; and Starts- hia luilnting with a rough charcoal-
drawin^5 on the canvas. V/ater was always his favourite tr.pic, origi-
nating, no doubt, in chlldhood-reiüeiübrances fro:ii Bromberg' s' Channel-
network, whlch he never forgot. The sun rose and he painted - at noon
he interrupted for his frugal maal and contlnued to pamt. At 7 the
sun was settlng - and still he painted the saine view;he did not
notice the li'^ht had gone, he saw with his inner eye. Then , awakenivui
suddenly, he shook his drea.n off and rushed hoine. His evenings were
raostly devoted to readin.^. He was not the type of
pamter"- artlst. Widely and thorou«;hly educated,
taste and ardent love for good llterature, and it
With ad.,jiration that there dldn ' t exist a book of
not know. A special love he showed for the freedoui and bröadness ö
Walt y/hit;jian, with whouj he often identified hiioselfi the "Lt^AVES OF
GRASP" were the two voluinea which he always had handy in his suit"
case, leavinrr Gennany in 1 033 for Switzerland and an unknown and
dark future. He and Rudi (with whoa he lived together durlnf^ the last
years before Hitler) decided to go first to see their step-brother
iVU^^v.'^^^^^ ^" ^^^^ ^^^^ Zuerich. He was an Inventor and engeneer
^ ? the firii) ürown-Bovery, who lived with a large faü^ily and very
coiüfortably off in a house > in his own grounds. The sudden arrival
?^?id ^?""^frv,^''°^'^'''f ^"^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^y '"^-^^ ^e 1" "eed of Support
lr.lt ^ \^ ^? ™^°" Ixorror that he announced hiü and his fa,uilyV '
approaching departure foi/a journey to i.onte Carlo. So Rudi decided
the "nothing but a
he had an excellent
always fllled me
value whlch he did
1
)
1
^^.
the "nothlnt? but a
he had an excellent
always filled ine
value whlch he dld
ortaoiy oll In a house . in his own grounds. The audden arrlval
.13 younger brothers and the fear they ml-ht be in need of suuport
ed hi:ü with so much horror that he announced hi^ anf^s fa^ilvf '
TJ'^t^,^ ;leparture fo^a Journey to .onte Carlo. So Rudi declSei^ '
UetT Lo iiaiut. At 7 the
aun was Bettln? - and still he pamted the saioe vlewjhe dld not
notlce the llrtht had gone, he saw with hia inner eye. Then . awakenlv
BUddenly, he shook hls drea.i off and rushed hoine. Hls evenlngs were
raostly devoted to readlnr?. He was not the type of
pamter"- artist. Wldely and thorou«:hly educated
taste and ardent love for good literature, and It
with ad.,ilration that there dldn ' t exist a book of
Soi^^J^r^!; ^ special love he showed for the freedoui and broadness o
rlAo-!. i Jv,''^^^ "^"n' ^^ °^^^" Icientlfled hiiaself. the "LEAVES OF
GRA... were the two Volumen whlch he always had handy In hls ault'
S«^^fnfnZ^"\^^'''"';"^ i? r ^' ^°^ Switzerland and an unknown and
felrs bef or; mt^^^r )^f S ■''f ? ''^^^^^ ^^^"^ together durlng the last
years before Hitler) declaed to go flrst to see thelr step-brother
iith^'theTir/nr^wn'S ^'^ "^r^^^* «^ ""^ ^" Inventor and engeneer
witii the flruj Brown -Bovery, who llved with a large faii^ily and verv
orh?B '^^^^°' k'"^'-?°"'^^'" ^^^ °"" grounds. %he audden arrlval
flll
approa
in IS"rich' ^iV^ t^?^^r?''° Itairat'on;;rSut"Lid;irwaThelS'^back
the npw^ nf tl°^ ^?^^^^ ^^^' departure froK, f>eruiany he had receiv^d
the newg of the death of a .aan who had u,ade a stron^T liüpression on
hl,, durm- hls stay In the South of France In 1 030 HB wls a SL an-
.^nihs In'the'i^^'? Zacharlas, who spent with h^^'wife Lverai"""
.arselllP.^ ?t wo! ^T^^ "P°^ °" ^^^ «<>^s^» ^^ Cassls sur ..er, nee
next dav ; 7 o'/hJ^ W"^ ^^''''^ acquamtance - one day. The
next day ...r. Z. and hls wife were bound to go to Africa and h-id
thelr tickets m the wallet. One day only - but there had been a
?hlf:hort"''^'J^"''"?' ' '"^^°" of'tastL and lnLrLts'th:rr.:de -t
exchanSerir?H^"t\""'^°''^"^^'^^^' "" ^^^ °^^^^ ^"'i ^hort letters wert
exchanged In the three years... then caaie the news of L Z 'a dpath
Strange that Ludwig recelved thls letter Just froui Le^lch where he
ca'lM""i '" ^° first.-This .Irs. Z. u.ay d lonel? I think Tlni
Btion? ItU f'^^^,P\^^^ "<^eds help.-The urge to see her was eo ,
Btrong, that Ludwig interrupted hie train- Journey to Baden onlv to
Ee'wourdMlfthe^^'t'H "'V^' l""'' ^^^' ^^^ ^^ leff a'"eBs"ge' that
heln hJ?i u " '^ ^^^* "® ""^^ ""^^ ^"^ «^^ that she needed hls
ow ^ u^* ^® ^^''^ ^''^^^ ^^y ^^°-^ Baden to Zuerich until Julius
Zueri^i'and'le%t'i?"' ?' ^'^ l^'^' '° ^^^'^- »^ ^°°^ ' "o°" '"
^ueri.h and left it only together with - ifle...for Paris " "T havp
lost everything, a Uvlng, a na..e, a future. ßSt I a' btrong anl
I can work for both of U8."He did not know that the smaii affltoti.n
Whlch worried hl. were already the beglnning of thi deadly horrlble '
illness which wastea hia; away during all the nine years of our lUe
together. It was a well at Baden he drank fro.., laaglnlng all well«
nouf^errin^o m'"^ 'f'^ ^"'^ °'^«"> ^'^^^^ l..iroduc'eS ?glf porso-
nouB genn into hls system. Paris becaiae a calvary. A French surgeor^'
'f^
ear
i
I
r
in the most inoving way - no brother coulJ have done racre. He went
with US froai one hospital to the other - trials were done...but only
after two aionths of observytion ( 1 ) we eventually Icnew it was not
Cancer. It was Colitis ulcerosa - the aost dreadful disease of~the
intestines.- September 3"5 Ludwig' a dear cid aiother and his two Bis-
ters cauje to live with us in our flat at ..ieniliüontant , the highest
point of Paris, still surmountin^ Montmartre, and we stayed there
for two years, until we saw that Paris provided no artistic future
for Ludwig. The people were hostile to the eiülgrants and shut their
doors and hearts. Our Uioney was dangerously reduced; no liieans at all
to earn anything, only constantly to lose. Paleotine seeiaed the only
Solution. It was a heartbreaking decision, because we had not ujore X
the raoney necessary to obtaln for all of ua the "capitalists visuiii"
- one needed £ l'^^o pro person for entranue in Palestlne.Rudi sug-
gested^bbazia in Italy as a refuge for .liother and aisters; he could
See theiii frequently there and the inhabitants spoke uioatly German.
V/ell, I can t think of it to-day without feelin.^ the most painfül
re.Dorse and yet I don ' t see how we could have acted otherwise. At
least I saved Ludwig fro.d the Goncentration Ga.,ip...i could not save
my ppor Trude and Else fro.ü th^nr destiny. I hope onljr to God that
they/.7ent 'luickly; we know only, that a Gestapo-iian cai:,e and led them
away. Where? To Poland? We don t know. But I will never come over it
....In ^o■*,J wo savj theni for the laat ti.ae iiuring our Journey from
Jerusalem to Oreece, Dal.,,atia and Italy. Palestlne war at w;.r with ^
the Arabs and v^e were conflned to the town; there waa no posslbility
for LudwiK to na int landscanes and he feit frustrated. During thie
.i
f^
rr::^
rx 0 .
point of Pariü, atiJl auruiouri tln^i Montiuartre, and we stayed there
for two years, untll we saw that Paris provlded no artistlc future
for Ludwif^. The people were hostlle to the eiuigrants and shut thelr
doors and hearts. Our aioney was dangerously reduced; no üjeans at all
to earn anything, only constantly to loae. Paleotlne seeiued the only
Solution. It v/as a heartbreaklng declslon, because we had not ujore 1
the money necessary to obtaln for all of us the "capltallsta visuiü"
- one needed £ 1 ^'^O pro i)er8on for entrance in Palestlne .Rudi aug-
gestedf\bbazia in Italy as a refuge for .üother and öisters; he could
See theai frepjently there and the Inhabitants spoke uioatly Cieriiian,
Well, I can't think of it to-day without feelln.^ the inost palnfül
reiüorse and yet I don ' t aee how we could have acted otherwiae. At
least I aaved Ludwi,^ fro.j the Goncentration Ca^jp...! could not save
my ppor Trude and Else frouj th^Ur deatiny. I hope onljr to God that
theypent 'luickly; we know only ^ that a G-estapo-uan oai^e and led theia
away. Where? To Poland? V/e don ' t know. But I will never conie over it
....In 19"^7 we sav; thern for the laat ti.:]e durln^^ our journey from
Jerusalem to G-reece, Dal.-.atia and Italy. Palestlne war at wur v/ith t-
the Araba and we were confined to the town; there wag no possibility
for Ludwig to na int Jandscanes and he feit frustrated. During this
voyage he painted nearly without Interruption " especia]ly water-
colours. It was thia one year only that he v/a a free froiü his suffe*
rings; on our way honie the diseaae started anew and with fresh fury.
I brought hiiii hoiue nearly dying...the whole year 38 he stayed in bed,
enduring pains wlth superhuaian strength and [)atience. Four or five
Doctors arounu hi.n could not diiuinich his sufferings, out they knew
otbly too well how to dlminish our rapidly dwindllng funds. They in*
serted over 270 chalkin Jections into his poor veins - until his
heart-arteriea broke. They shrugged thelr shouldera after the specia-
liat ötated: Angina Pectoris. How he nianaged to live with this uiu-
tilated scarcely working heart - I don * t know, But he had the will-
power -and strength of spirit of a giant and a creatlve Obsession
which was strenger than his ebbing life. He woriced on anu on until
oeath tobk hi.j the brush out of his hand...That is hia aad and
grand story. His young friend , the poet Politzer, haa written it
better, and I only...wish th.^t you uiight be able to appreciate his
beautiful and deep language - or have you forgotten your Gerjjan
entirely? This young writer went in 4? to A.ierlca; he feit forlorn
I
in Palestlne, and I heard that he
was
Seen in New York - he taußiht
Geriiian Literature in a ':nrls' ^chöol.
New - last not leaat - I co.ue to an iJi.ortant point.
Rudi asked ine^durinT his stay at New York) whether I could find a
docuiuent concerning two pictures of Ludwig' s, left in New York after
the closing of an Exhibition. I aearched everywhere but found nothin^
Only yesterday the envelope with Ludwig' s own handw^rlting on it fell^'
into in^ hands with all the correspondence . Ai>parently the pictures
are in the^jCer^n H^Jessod at New York and it vvould be a great thing
If you could claiuj theii). The disi)osition of thei.i I would^leave to
Rudi, but I will suggest to hi.. in my next letter that jqjx should
J^V^,_img.-Qf theijj f your own hoiDe. I reuieiiiber theu as very 'beauti-
ful. I hope to aee Rudi personally within the next two iuonths on
Baltiajore to Rurope anu we will talk ajuch
a wonderful profession and I always regrette^
it iijyself. i.uy spare leisure-hours I devote
type of Art History: the Italian School of
Pamting, which keeps nie in touch with art and p;ives .le a great satir-
facticn; unf ortunately an ^'ngliah housewife haa to devote aiost of
her tiuie to the things unavoidable. V/e are here rather old-fashioned
in running a house and stick to coal fires and gardening. But I am
happy to be still able to be of aouie help to uiy deara and hope.only
that I will not fall in health and becoüje a bürden to them. They
are very, very good to .ue and luake .üe praiae the day I caaje to
England.
Dear John, l send you my love and hope to heir fro/i you
whether you received my parcel.
Youre affectlonately, ^/|,^^, Q^^^^^ ^
hia return- journey fro.ij
of you. You have choaen
üot tö have gone in for
to the writing of a new
L
r
• ■
•
Re-readin? your letter I notlce that you asked f or my lüaiden naiiie.
It was Lotte Schliepmann . I/xy father was G-eheluier Oberbaurat Hans
Schi iep.ua Dn, that Is a hi^h of f iclal in the State Building ^viinistry
and besides he was a well.known writer of novels and Editor of thp -
"Berliner Architekturwelt'' and Cprrespondent of the ''Taegllche Rui
schau" for Art. He worked constantly with the fa.ijous Alexander Koch
Monthly's: "Deutsche Kunst und Dekoration", "Innen-Dekoration" and
"Kind und Kunst". He contributed also articles and novels or short"
stories to the "Kunstwart", the well known periodical edited by
Ferdinand Avenarius, to the "Westdeut che i^lona tshef te" etc. etc.
In the whole he was a rather reioarkable Personality, in touch with
many of the best artists and writers of hiß tiiue. Only sonie uionths
a^o Paul (my husband) found his naue in one of the above uientioned
Journals. - With regard to iiiy first husband, Louis Zacharias,he,
too, was a writer, especially a playwrip^ht. His faiuily at Koeni^sberr
was coiiiparable to the fainous "Buddenbrooks" at Luebeck, the novel
by Thoiuas iviann, whioh surely you have read. Old G-erman- Jewish patx..-
cians, whose coüimercial house dated froii) before I800. They owned
large grounds alonr^ the river Pre^rel and dealt in wood, shipped from
Russia down the streara. G-rea t-aierchants, who ca.iie to ^.reat wealth
and social Position in the town. Louis' mother was a niece of the
great banker and benefactor Siuion, who left after hlB death in the
year 1 P76 or 77 over 2P iuillions of Gold i-.ark - a smi which would
be to-day well over five or six tiuies the value. Both were hlghly
cultured fajjilies who supported arts and science and were, really,
the leadin? fauiilies in the town (about 1 e<^0-oo) which was known for
its free spirit and thought and rejected absolutely any anti-eeiöi"
tisiij. So iiiy husband grew up broad-uiinded, f reedoui-loving and a
devotee to art and all the beauty of n^iture. He was uaterially in"
dependent and could live after his own liking. I spent 1P years o'
ideal coaipanionship with him, who was 21 years my senior, uiostly
travelling and aciuiring rare pieces for our art-collec tlon. After
his suuden death I gave the greatest part of his collectlon to the
ikluseu.ii of Koenigsberg - a uni^iue picture by Anseliii Feuerbach and
about 40 gothic woodcarved groups in nearly lifesize - without
knowin^^, that the Director was a Nazi. Now, in Russian hands, I
doubt that there is anything left of those wonuerful works. Ife was a
fortune which I gave away to his uieiiiory . . .and they accepted it
gladly - inspite oT its Jewish provenance. -
Once Tiiore back to the enclosed i)apers.
The photograxihs and reproductions of so.je of Ludwig 's works are f
»
r-
be to-day well over flve or six tliiies the value. Both were hlghly
cultured fajjilies who aupported artß and sclence and were, really,
the leadln^^ fauillles in the town (about 1 6P0-00) whlch was known for
Its free splrlt and thou^ht and rejected absolutely any antl-eeiiil"
tlsiü. So üiy husband grew up broad-ujlnded, f reedoui-loving and a
devotee to art and all the beauty of n<itare. He was ijaterially in""
dependent and could live after hlfl own liklng. I spent 1P years o'
Ideal couii)anion3hip with him, who was 21 years luy senior, uiostly
travellin? and ac^iuiring rare pieces for our art-collection. After
hls Suaden death I gave the greatest part of his collection to the
Museu.ij of Koenigsberg - a uni^ue plcture by Anseliii Feuerbach and
about 40 gothlc woodcarved groups in nearly lifesize - without
knowing that the Director was a Nazi. Now, m Russian hands, I
doubt that there is anything left of those wonuerful works. It was a
fortune whlch I gave away to his iiiej]ory . . .and they accepted it
gladly - inspite oT its Jewish provenance. -
Once iiiore back to the enclosed i)apers.
The photographs and reproductions of so.je of Ludwig 's works are f
your collection as a gift froiii uje. 3ut as I have no other copies ol
Heinz Politzers: "Der lAaler Ludwig Jonas" and "ZUaj G-edaechtnis de
Llalers Ludwig Jonas" I would be very grateful if you would send them
back to uie together with the üttle catalogue of the Exhibition,
which contains the greatest part of his work. I possess only this on^
c^py and it is very necessary for .ue. Thank you in advance very ijuch
for returning ther,e three docu.üents - I regret ,tnd^ed. havin:^ to ask
the:ü back froai you.
I
Lly love once again and the best regards and
greetings frouj Paul and ujy sTster-in-law Lainie.
Yours
i
6/03
i^ Jobgk dmcLxy Rlotiter
Omü: Lottl
•TnjiHr^
> . ^
I :?
«^ i I«.
I«-«*^ 7^15*H.
\JT
■ Cv
<•>
L .., 'Jj .1 w..- . .'
*. a
/ 4
▲ a
i will stATt BQT lettar , tne real ansver to your ver^ lofijj and mpßt 'ipter-.
•«ting iettar, but i »on't proala« to fixiimti it tocUij. xüesa ta^Jigs Uke time, Md llke
ijood wine, iiiprove trita uge, or pernnp» frop tueir «low growtU. 1 anmlX rwtura alao^
wita tixie letter^ the cäUlOii, tx^« Politzer"» ver^ ^ood epeeoii, loni tae t^o typawrittwn
pages as «e^l. loa are ver> correct in laiaeatix^ tiie iikparfactioaÄ ojf blaok and WAita
fotos of colorca aatier, especia^ly oils. i nave co-^lectta throuaiiout üxe >ear«, an
enoMouB nmaber of raproductionb of paintiugfe, all tae «aj froÄ ^iotto' to KawULiiaki^
bat aare recei.Ui^ aiacaruea every aiz^;^©* oue oftrfia biac*.-aaa-jix{itea. xt^a jjgit ao " '
good at all. laa^ine, a Tiziano or a Vau Üoga witaout color. iallV ^ jrobiap Aera,
but i guÄßs it wi-Ll be üext to iÄposölb^a to ^^t color r^productioaa of Arnulf ig >V n :r-?
lÄ^rtant worka. xj> tue wa; , siaoe no ^aintin^a iaVe aold," auara ara tka> w? t luilnk
it ia a raal tragedy, quite aside fro« tae iln'aaoiai augi . Suoulu tj^ra bm \n fO}
of Israel not one paraon, or inaUtation, UimS^ aould anncii itaaif hyV^.yiy. S^ji^jjit j^p^
o one of tne Tery. beet oontaaporary artiata? . If toia nätd näppenad in tala ooaatry^ i
•igiit unaeratand. x*f tne choice is betaaan a ^ooa booa, or a gooa painting, a^ a nmm
alactric appliance, De eure tue a^plianca aiJJL %^. ^ut in löraai 1 noped taaCYriara
■roulu bö aona aore a^-preciation oi* .]Lae arta
• « •
•- ' \, A
f -
ü
iO.
tJ
B^t to iqur xetter. Äotointi'need« 'to be Mld about Briti^ j>AinterB, »*«»m»
or past. lue brltith p&inter tüAt ifill nave mnytti^ uortii'mhllmtq i^'' ia ytjt U) W"
bom. A ß4» one oI ta« lcuaou6 Ä<jj,>*uL i^xbiüxUon» (tu^nuai «uatcU^Ilc »Uff /jLa. London/ It
»u»t hftve b«aD 19-U, &nd I ««.s «iäftLy hoft:ifi«d. »itn ta» «oa^^Upo of a rataar 4ä-
•|>»irin|5 »cene( tae Dunicirk evacuad on)„tiiara «as uoUuni t^t ftiit|i-pi.aja^ copVaotioiiai'
(«eauii^fi boriag; canTae. i ratbar j^ocaftt. taa portra4.t perf eoU^ joX. jUr«iv aad, J^rpt^
fUding, No aondar that >ou oap't dp aa^thini for Luda^g. tnära.' , JPoe^. »oiua oavar ua>
derataod, just as Britlao (for al^ tae quaiitiea t^vj ^ bava> öaV« aaver aadef^tood
tne »pirit of Prance. Couid be jtoat tüj»^ atUl Xissaat the *'reB«u raT,/i^ttop iaJÜÜwBah
itueir o«Q «as note^aotlv fr«»« fm» blopdab«<i) «v" - -• • " ,""''; ■-- — .
- / S-. ^
: i .> ..
iour very fi^e »toj7^ oüC Ludaig'a »a^ of ;aaiA^ aod paia tiag " thiäg» aiui paöol»
, reaLndad ae again of Ui« fm occy^xoo^ ,*d ^liob x a^v hi« a4 wo^iur^^a «aifpoiftrait
l8 indaed wooderfui, jbut loos^s «gain ia biack-^and-arilta, Hia laat >e*x# ot iXiM aoat
,baTa beeii io,a great tra^^Jy, tae laat afit of ».lich saams to aa -bai^Ta b^iUt* facb tnat
aobodjr «acted hJLs ,fork, a««o la k$^ 1^53., — Tba oataiog, 1 trOaJt^ j^xW*. a J-^tt^ good
, list of ü^s «prk8, i dec^ed tß«fe is 11t Ue aaed ^uat no» in t^^»iag it loax ^cj^iag
tt fro« tn« catalo^jl , bu,t j. *«ll ar^aage the oo^ies yoj. sett ae, ai^d i .fUl caäck. «ita
otaer rsiaroductioas a.iifti i. ii«Te nare, belore a seat off UiC ietter. ..".:,
• • - ■ •*
' - . j. - > •
It is inter^ßtiii^ to bee taat holt ÄQitaixn aad >et anotaer ad^irer way out
in ^urope. aa was a ^reat inlluanae nere, aaa tnouga l kao» notaia^ of aia poatijf, bain«
■oieinclined to poetry»», i imo» U^at »niUuan was one of tae Leet, anu also one of tne
faw first-cltts poets Lo riae ia t^ia all-too-aatöriaj.iötic society of oora Vln Uie o,£*>.
But 1 taiiJt 1 can unaeratand a 11t tle of Ludwig "a nature alnoa 1 kaow nie faail>. ä\
ÄOther'e motaer axiU alß Jiotner were^ sißtcrs, uaa it so aappenß Uiut Ux% Jonaaaea'aiid a^
Aotner wera cloee to eacn ouar waan taey wera young. «^y isqoaer want to -igh Scaool in
Bromberg, waere tae iButuax grenöaotaer ^^vn was livin^vsne dl-a in Ijik) uic t:o vg.s daily
in touch with ftady tod Ludwig and tlieir ^
, and 7.nen ^ was a boy »e want to frank-
Jv
-a-
c» •' «•
furt/Od«r, to ri»i% auDt Greta« amd th« furrl»r r«*ily. laey *re all ftU.ll 4« i^rtmw^obfd
tti*m, *wfuliy klnd ftnd 8oft-üe*rted, fcnd «beolutely unfit for «n> fight »itn ti»l» oMty
«aaej -«inaed aad ■ateri»li8tic-inclined «ociety. I oad a reneved fccq-*inttanc« wiUj Uil»
Jon&ft diaease Ciapracticitlltyj »nen our gooa Kud/ »«s aer«. As «• aasoed over oid iaft»>rle8
ae «applied pienty of his o«n about bis fatuer, wno »as a wonderf ul r*ll«t/ grfeatly loBd
t.\e arte, but was quite tiorrible as a buaineesaan. i. U.irik you oad exaa, las oi tnat In-
heritance later on. Faople »ho are jclnd and honeot b> theaaelves ar« iiicely to taink tnat
ali the r«8trx)r ttie world ir just «• ir.ina and decent as they are.~ hudy, today, t;ives hls
heart «way to uis t»o boya, und j. »onder aoaatlaas »b«ther tnay really aijpr«üiete tna
unlque gift tüat has co» to Uie« tnrougb hijr. Ifiien «y unamrri«! aunt «Kfiily <th« 3rd
siBter of tue *'onitzar gang^ was atlllallve. Ehe practlcally »aa adopted b:.-Rüdy, »h*
helped »er no »nd, aiid eTen aade it posaible for her to ▼islt ^rethe «nd fi'er tiauijfateraC
vlikethe reat, kind and iapractlcaij m i^bbaai». - •..•-. :^ _. ,i_u.
in-of ifhich anowa that ■coualn" Julius didn't^ take after hia Atiier. I' don t knoa
of any ktnd »ord a could say or haTe öeard about iiia/ except ttiat ne im« oi »o«e hfclp to
o> parent« in the 1930168 (after uaking cerUiu taat no outlay on hig- parc >ouM ■*># i»-
volTadh • But what üe naa failed to do for iiia Btepmother and hin aalf feister« canfterer
be excufeed. I kriow ail about nia, «nd llttxe of It is gsod. 1 have »»itten *W hl* on Uid
off Blnce'i94i, ▼ariously «nqatring about bia «sid nls faaiiy, or the f«t* of ^iertnif atid
Alse, «11 1 got «as one Short letter sife-ine uotü-mg. Hla so^ «alter i« a olt jore '
conaiaicatire, a «ctuall^ nau teo long letters from nia, waicü, as Rudyassurea ie,' le ouite
a f«at. • i'.S. Jullua' family eaan't XrtAT iar^e. «e- had t»o daugüter» («Be^tonfe aince »krtle
acd fcaxter, «üo probabxj t^aa dependent on Ptipa for aost of nia yoia^ger year«. flut Jnllua
was lor yeare in a ieading Position and coula aaoned well nave taken care of Getrud und
Älse, e8peci«2iy aince, agaln, no «öney was really inrclyed. 'füej eouid aareeoae to
Switaer^aäd, x a« quite certain of lt. -" — ^^ ;:
' ' öow-odd the so-calied fate. Yoiu- «eetinfc- wlth Liidwig. I ^uet eciif«%c taet -a
foüiid notuing genealogical-w^ee about tne aachariate«^ but- i knoi» -ol» «t i.e««t oöe ia«tprus-
ßian faaiiy of t-iat nana, «h^cb «eans noth^ng. ~«h>' la it tnj.V'people iiM> kno« ofrthing
about i*ari8 ean »tart erging juat »ben tLey hemr "Menilaontaat"- o«*lloö t«aH«> ?• - frut IV U
qülte tjruo, tney can,and do. - * «aa .n Pari« not taore-t.ian a totai of peWiap«- tw» we«ln^
but froaf all- 1 have seen and heard 1 »ould judge it -a« two y^arv. -iad like 'SDy other' -'
l«pr»s8it3o«ble youngtJter «ho*had oeen rai«ed »ith good bocrfca in hi» ^«öt» and go«* Mittle in
tti« ear«, I nad an idea of Paria (8:non>aou«, of ^e<jura«, »iWi' to« best in fth« arUJ «tat
aade it ev«r harder to »ait for tue day waen i «ould se« tne aecond patrie of evei> «an
^ tUd not really txilrJc that the f ir»t tdaw wotild b* 19a, bn a r«iny aordhitig and under'the
«oat trTing. clrcuTOtancea, Paria, oecupie*, «nd-a^irabtltalij Invlslble fro« the »tation in
«iti^hf «Vflpent a coupi« of hoursand eiiicb ire could -not lea««. Mut «tne next tüie «aa -
•quite difforent. I don»t ti.ink 1 will eiver forg«t the day, Öepte^er-^, 194^. ä f e» äay»
after t-re" llbcretioc, anc; faria-««« t«*Ter Uke -toia.'i-^H tüdhH rcaain üke tolc for long.
But to öfaCe who had auf f ered a re froa tne 8uppr«8Bion of the klnd of personal liberto that
any liTlng pcraon iieedB it m»8 tne real day of ci« rwtuni of i'reedo». The fall «d tn«
revieit of Berlin »aa' not aerely an anticliaax, it »aa a neari^ insufferable ordeal.
But »::ile I »86 ,n Paria, 1 aisitea just aLo.,t everj place i reaeacered irca mj re*.uing
aad froa tae conversations in achool and at home. Ana lor a iorer of liistorj- jmd taearts
notiung, not even London, could couipare vtita t.iia Paria. And 1 say tMe k..o»ing quite '
well tnat Home repreoents at leöst as bucU nistory c-nd poasibii aore art. üut Rone haa been
a deud city for tareenunured anu icore jfc=.r8. x'arie ,even toda-.-, i;. «cillalive, au taat
1 guess, «akes all the difference. And old paintinsa ci.ä arcaitectural aon-oaerta coae to
real iife only If t,.,e conteai:orar}- pecjple keep on living. One cannot live i:. tae past r-r
can poe relive tae past by T^ait^ng soae oiu aubeua or casUe. *t aaj wor^c for an nour it
even tiien it taKes ffl.:)re Inagin^tion taan ao^.t pcOi^le can auster...
Walle 1 fui.y unaeratana your feelings, on tae oatter of Gertrud 's aßd ti&e'a
deportatlon, I hope 1 can conve^ to you a saali feeiin«, of relief. Jott of all, * »äa ver^
-3-
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VI
; I
In & lik« posittotf; Ify parcntt »t«y«<lb«ttind wti«a i left Berlin ia ^^ 1941^
■ot ta*fe A cotild hhT» Uk« th«i «long, tü*ir V^iÄ li*d beenr r«fa«ed. ^attä« Idea
still »»as, ^t laast in ratio, tnat ihad to g«t oüt If i es to adlpthoir •■l«ratloo
lttt«r on. SoBono«, i. neTer really b«lt«ved th&t tnts •*« tÜ« real r««»on. It"»4»,
of couTB«. But A ü«Ter <tulU saprested a fdiUng «1 tüat 1 had ^aon ielflan, in a
■aaner of speaking, tüat 1 uad iaft tiieai bealnd, tfiat, ta-.r^Vot'y 1 tas «onamiat
reepoiiflibic ior taere not gettin^ out dkn tioe. fhe actual eltufition uS t.iät tiiey
»er« le&ojr to ieave for Shangnai wnen, tue da> after ny arrlvai in ü^w XörK, the
öaais invaded Ruasia, and therefote cat t.ie laet esc&po reute. Uy V*rWr.tfi »«re
taken to Kifca, a.d jnui probabiy diea soon ufter their arrlT&l there In SeptMber of
1942. 1 a«ve aade inquiries aieo about ^^ertrod and üse, without aaj Äi -•finita
reply. i.;ev »eie üej.orted, tndaoßt iüteiy to i'oiana, &aa if tney üida't aia on tba
w*y to Polanu. tney died t.iere, as did soaa-'fiVe jiiliioE other»'; Tnia *in *»fc«»t»v*f
itaeifi» no coniolation. *e »iio sorrlyed, eitinar by U:e prorißlon» Of PrtfVldahe«
or Just ...ialn lucJt, ean do no aor» tftan bopa IJiMffc «e haa left noti:ln'g cindon* to beip
t»»aa wnil« th-y «er« ßtlll aliva. 1 don't taiVik tÜät, witb the «cei^tiah ^of HiÄtaer
Joilas, *« need to fear. -The forc« ami tha «lomdty of tha dlsnater 'ttrat ha» böka
owr Kuropean jo*ry ml -between 1933 -afld ^945 ±» are »dcb tnat na huaan belng '<ib '
coBj^re.iand täaa. .^ioraoTar, l begin to thirat 6iafc'our o«n daaand ttiatJ^* Get*tu:'a
se« ai3d feal »orry Cot the enoraou« erioe« coaaltted; iiaa, In a ^very llteral aanM of
the Word, unreasonabia. Unecauinot poaprehend the enomsity of auxtierihg ^:/»teaiätiö*uly
live to six aillion people »regardless tne supposed reaaon, or aotlTation*. Overnare,
paople could anad oceoa» of taare xirer « litde girl caught in a -deep wall, «nd
bowericg bötaeen llfe aod deatn for a day or aven tao. - but to iajagine, or tö try
a reaaonad apppoaoh to aasa exteraina-tlcnr Uot to speak of tha tfn»ltiei azid i£urd«r
of tba conaen tratlon caapsj seees beyood the «billty ot nan's «lad. :»nd yet> they
apeak qulw qitiout oonoera about boabs that iaay quite poaelbly «ipa out atat a oon-
tinaDt,Kittaal and tb« liaxt ve »111 tiear lo a plan -to boab aarth fr kadMe^'aatelllta
ov ^veo froa aoon. «e better get ta^ie aopn bef ora tooae' otbet*6 Kat tnara TiraT, . .
i»o, 1 don't tnink you failad in y:-ar effort» to help Uiaa^ or at laaat
you didn't fall baöauri^e jott cottld t»Ta d«ttr »oaetfrinV J ^a iUdh't Irtot'to do. ttooay
a» *€il I-ftao«, «aa töe key to the probiea, btif norevaii the» the ai'irja^braaV"'
■la t>erllDth«*« «äe a'nica llttle tlaok «rkatr'in aooth-Aiaftrtean Ylaia," libpe öf toea
•ortr*-*Äiaa. «j^:1939, ttoe >ear afwr t^rgrefct^^p'ro^roB, ull »ho could aanta<^ to iat
out, but a&MtiOa aore H»* iw* soltt thaniaaueil, soat :>f tLose l88uad,'fÄa^»e're
▼alld aha» you got to ift« eoaatry, lorexSyer.^triät »o^la onellve fToa, oKcTf, ottce o
Kot thera? In Jteerl«a^,- at laast, on« htd- fTleöds »ho co Id e,lve afe'ii.ltlal pueli. tno"
«var Äad'an>l>ody in*ucli placae-A» Acuadori örBollTla, or aven *^iiW PAl'egiinaic
yaa, iad tnouaand» of paople «ould h&Te baan öaved but for tue iÄÖfodlBly' prual' and
Altogataer aenaelf ae attltudeof tne Britian. l-ftare a nigh reg&rd for GraÄt^ßritain,
and for tue Ingllsb. «ut ttn^rtneories änd pblicies are g:;od oniy för t.a lales.
Ihair iaparialla«, botn tne old änd thetiew kind, mökes taem quite uüfil to «peak for
•aeaooracy". ' lad taeir record in Paleetine i« aiaiple •incredlble". lo thia caae, it
»a» both stupid aad crael, and it aeeauB tnat the Labor Party vied »itn tna Conserv&tiv
in aaking the saTin^ of Je»l$h lires even more iapssibie tiAr befora(19^5-48) .
» **- -^
1 re&d PolIUer'a pieceaad enjoyed it verj^ auch. Of course, ay Genoan is
as gooa &8 ncw^ after 4^1, I ^rew up ther« and mb.% 2k waen 1 got iiere. • l &a uslng
^ennÄn constantiy in inj rea^arcü, aor«OT«r, »y better half ia fro« »oTerthert^^too,
&nd we want •^uliet to leam vier^Än ^h m^^^ a& ibOi^isxia -*• fouol XhaX it mi*^/* nelpe to
knoK l&nguageß, i onlj wiaü, my iraacii h^i beeD. better r:6n i wäb OTertaere ioi^rsnce
mnd BelgiuÄa ^t ms i-ood enoagn to worAc *ita^. bat -t cumU say t^iat 1 speaK it fluentl
and cnweriation is ^uite pooi . Tüi^t x re&lly n#ei, iti a >ear in Montreal. P.rLia^E, so-l
r. .
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ti 1%^— ^ ^rf ""^^ "^^^ ^"* •*> ^ i^^« i«'» ^ •°"-^«i not Jato« noi eise ^11?^?^
I .rite iettera, .uca longcx, tu^ t...« one/L^^^f^t^^^r'ieee^' Jl^^lt^^^^^ ^'^^
^-hU n^t SuL:fin^t^or/"^t1^ "^'^^^ ^'""r^"^^ '^'^''''^'^•^^^ ' -•
to t..e caecic which .^s to p*.^ for it. ^ua otner od« is -U» Jl?a S Xox^! ^^.
aktive tl) firtlBts. It a»aita a final aeciaic». ** *^»^"*'='
.ca^n produ«ce ^ rece.pt. t::e caaned cü.<k. Kuc^ i^^W^St^' aL^^^^J!2
pretty ^ood painting (I liaven't aWn it jet). bat Rud>1!aat **- "^«•^i*»'» *0«d. *
. " jr^^ou ar« in ter«s tedin »ritia£ about Itlfim *Bi-<«Mt^ " .'^4.
Lauer «ore for tl.e enemiee ue «. « taaa for ..i* o.n atubboJ^L; i?^',;'; S LI". r«'
*iu fcdaup tae component p^rts of .aat iora.ed mj' lik.a «ü'dibUkes \ Zlll i^-^T ' ?
coa.it ^fcfaaaua acd Jan hua, inspite of tue f ormer» s si ttin - o^" J* ! f.^ "'^^•«•t i^'^^y
.^^e.i9.t il^er^tro.^'f\%-?oyjJ^;,h'%-,-J^^
tae «urdar of unandi ..re e.o .vauta, taat at ia.st for «e «.rted rea* gJjatlos^ea^'l
oon t.taixüc 1 oaione; bo tue loät generation. «neu vou are 2< «-.en ■ ou De-^n . „" i r
•• -■ •• - ■ ^ * . i »
parenta ^elonged, and uis iaeaia, in a wa,, «..ere tae.ra. Inut «ina of .orld .aa utteriy
aeatro.ed b, axtier, ana i uoubt u..t ar, tuing qu.te lixe it .iil ri.e ag!In "eraapTil
ia better ao. iacn Ktooeration auat tulid if.
ruM% «i/-kv*l A
.A * ^
•-^
r
tc
i don't oM» to rej«öt Um ▼alu*bl© h«riUg«, and m ü«if a ai«torA*n a couldzi't
▼er:, .:ell caii for tha |)«riod d*»truotiOQ of ai^tira civUiaatioo«» m»fl^ to iuv«
an excuse for «aTln^ to atart U.ovar a^ain. Ihat aeei.« to .e „acaaaarT^i. a faalon
^fth tH' ?*" ^* ,*''■•• Ini^uropa (aftar aU, a«eri<ja ia t^ proauct of *ur,peaa Idaaa)
•ith tae tecaidcal aavances Uiat were aia^e, primriiy, in Uixa oouutiy. iu^at- laerxca
xacKt. cost ifa aji uiiderötaiidiiMi of. its pro *.uropean DacKfcrouüu, w*ü a rakx c^p^rccittion
Oi ti.e tnings >e still coutider eesentiai for ta« htekia^ of «. rt-j.. vtJuiabAö j»r»co,
in otner word)., b trae*> iibertu. educfeticmi-Wid oi»e tuat doaenH t^top »itti tii« -'-«rtific-
ate of uri-Qüttion. -ost Colio^e feiaduc^teb overoera bav« baen"tnrouin a utavtroi tji "
-ut t«ve 1.J educttion. And 1 do mean UOST of tnem. «hat Europa neede ib a raaiii-
ation tnat uirope ie no ionäör tae aorld, nor even a continent, but a vtQ i»aj.l
group of couiatries thut ougnt to learn tae facta of giofeal lif^i, in an a«ie «sen AuBtr-"
ia IS a fer nours a»ay, rather than a le« oonths» traval. Wiiat i finu lack in«. In tha
"Old ^orid" ii; not of U.e spirit tut of the mind. Tue "Far" Saat ia no ioii^er far
ßotn A-neriea and laaxJtaxotaietoBtaeäU üurope auet umertiUud tuat tue tasten» worid Ib
next üoor. Eut aore tuan that is needed. iurape it, not ai. ialaod, ao<l UcUowed trad-
itloce ^re no excuae for apiritual back aruneaa. Ruaeia is not tUa area^taat probieas
Lurope is, "«eateru" man ia, If it i£ true tuat tna "ia^t" ia comin^ up in XJm aorld!
tot t tue r^ture may weil belon^ t tiia Cßinrse, aiui Japanese, a^a €oatu«*et Aaia, aüd
tne Inuianc. it aii^kt le better not lo.4»alx too «ucn pn Uta p&et ae.UeTa»«nta of
•turope, or_ tae one-eided teciu.ical üevaiopment of amerioan inauetry. Tiie real batUes
tre ftill m the ainde of «an. Äna>urope nju^i't l?ee<i v^ir^ .affective. In. aeallini »Ita
^,tair.6 ,.t Ue om cack^ard. (it frOeb.for J^ie ü.ö. too) i faar tcat oft« ret^eon that
t.uwj.lg fc art Will not a*ve an audience ib tnat üib »orid no lon^ar exiets. ArtLsta in
t;.«! rev.oua cent^iae oould pertiape oount on fift> of avan t aundred >aars ofsUtlc
ooaaiiior.e, ^.a tueir lifetime experiencet* fouü ue prettj «upa toa »aoa as tfiObe of
t:.£. r .ttuers, and tueir own »ouia be a »ood pioturc of snat «ovo-d ta toat oi tiu'r
cifiurcii, tui even ii&ndcßiidran. itnJL It tooJc t^e iaQuatriai tavuaatloD to ««abr^y
tue »orlu «j greatj,raat<j,rfanaparenta aad uiowfi, on« io^aüic^ »ßpoiai ••eni i tr«i and
oxd-a^e-panaions" «er« onknoan, aut »nara^tiie paraota ^a^a oonriaa and t«a oolJdrea
cculd count on truat fuads, and expaot aona-inlaa «i?q tuM». botn no»» and adttoation
(veri rar« noaadayaj . ,j ... ^, .,, . . ; ^^ 7*,^
it took Lhe.firat »opla aar. to «liailnata tnat *indoj».ti*leAo«whioh
i*y puren üa ?rere raiaed. lue riaa pf toe.^Jdöia eiaa» i» tne indantrHa-soeiato« of tne
Xwte X9ta centuiy ^-tae da. tcaiadi m^ «rano^.ranti i»ai08«aa>. ai.d ax^ of ma^wieratfter-
wta 6i*ultanegou8,iitntha rxso of ta« Äge of..*Uliain dac Utata. ind •UlAa«,,in ain
waj,, ö^aDoii*ed the arrogant and uAbenuing .i'ruabxan aUiUriat(and aati^lntaliactual)
: »8 Hcoeevext syaboiize^ a na« aaarica i^a f«ot, ba BaoaeToits did.1%, eAen li-nia o«n
geaeratxooK And »aUe the 191* "revoitttioi»« Uia notoing tonwaep »ilaela* »legacy aaai
^it ürooeUfc a ahort araa of eni*.rged>ibei:t>. And for « brief, ailiobriaf ^«jan. cae '
otaer --eraany'h-d a ca«aice. loat -a^a tue VJr^d of «/ father^tad evan *ore eo of «v
adtucr'b. It ^aa -Liberal ait^out being -radioal«. it-cpulo penait a gooü aegrea of
ittitude for "aocem-art in aU its forj., wit.iOut beiflg iauiorax or-atbeiatia«.- One
coula .ive, faxriy well and relative.^ Ci.eap.> , «ad one .oouxq live ?.j hl.. o«x r-iea.
lae revoxt t^ainst Kilheia seea-id to atve born fruit at lagt. üeriWü^, iiaviUe loat
a «ar tnat Hay aö unne.ses&ry as all getout, tornea to auoa peaeefui »<.*röaiLs ae
ius o-n^xnspir^tion *ould peraixt— b^*a,*i boui.a, x aa afiraia, ky luxiltaut c^t^xolicisa
m cue «est i.nd i>outh, wud Arch-reacUon in tne -uaAöra« paradise. «ut also bound by
t..resuundreu ^eare of Lutncrian suoaib&ioi. to "autiiortty". ^ere 1 tnink üea tno ^eal
cause of uiticr z funtcistic successea. A.tuorit>, rigat or wr. ng^ oud to be obejbd,
ana everj tnxufe, iu tat G^rman aoae, bcnooi aiM a.urca &up»;orLed tnat oonteatÄqu. The
true liberal, tnerefore, öac aalxx quxte lUei^ a native of Geraao^ in Yoluntar:) exlle
in Farxb, or Koae, or even i^ondon. "i. aiviauöl freedoa" (b>. w^icH x ao not juean Ixcence
for obvious misciief; couid not grow in a poxiee State, no matter to» fricndly tue cop.
^-
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nj
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xt iß -iaUiÄ^tiug. to see taat jußt ae the world of Lud-ig»s wa& not «itnin
• üer«fcu> («t i«u8t 1 thirA so, hut ne aitt^- never aave adnittea it openiy i . tue
Tri? ??• T f ° brouebt M« to p^inting w«e no iesa iapos^sibie of aciuve:nent
in his rifctive i««d. * höve teen a-reötij intei-ested in Fran» i^oienzweiu. in i»- »a-v
üe »ae U.e taacf.er ir, U.b fle-ld in Wiicn Stefan Zweig failed cocpletelyl t.e reuxi*
Ol üifa oat -«.iah xMm background. Z^eig .üeTed in tue cooperj.tion of ail atn of
eooQ «kx^ xiöli^iot. i.xa>eü ßo part in f.is life~or in tne rorlc of nie ^a^ult
lo hObWiSifteig Uio near-ooiiyert, it waa h aigh.y specific »xxxsäooc exyerience *f
to ortüodox oel«bration of kx«hx*iLEiUM Jörn Kippur tna>. tumc^aic Duck to c::c^-oc.d
of ni» father».. i'ut Uie i-.portanoe iiet in his berief taat one coad ue a sodem
a« , ^ «ooa Ciera*m, and a good Jeir, aii in on«. i»e irrestled iritn tne i.üii030üh±cai
piobieiM of llf#i-fe»a-yftt he would ha^ been t.;e perfecta ej-aboi of tne ne« German
Je»r J*at a* tweifcwouid bave been the ej abol of tne new Maropean— nad not tue »orld
at^Jt^i.r Idaai» ««ilapeed ei.tlr^ly. - -; .
^ raare it a leaeon inali tai« 8o«5«here.- Afc'aiü, aU hlttirlan« khow ti.at .ec-^ie
Wk»^.l*MT. in» «xperier^ces, elther t.eir dim or thote of otiirr, past, itx.^ratiüus,
BuV tÄ4»^laaeo(i^ see-^s to have been fcnow to Zwei^, ffor ne aaieas it quite pia.n In
»Äat i t^liJttB hiu-beet teook {Caeteiüo contr» CtlTia) : Tbe inteliÄCtual. the ue-
o«iT., ttie «iviUeed, the noueet, tne iiberoi ig «i»a>s inöaotble ol^ li. htlm: •
CaivlÄi a fanatic, * Wind authoriUtri«n. Rnile CaiTine ca^ onl; oe def eated by
th* loro». of arm«, the liberal ean onij win ttroMgt ttieforce of argummt. In lt-,9
r!htL^''^*%" ^ ^«30, ae in 18^, 1«15, 17e9' and rilthe way back to ttit^fc, tne'
libaral i^leu to aet.~- Ide iibetai^ taedectnt, lae alwaya oppoaing t.e apposition.
but.ue «ould ftot f.^ht the«. U oa^jnt to gd back further. U is Jrawu6,\uo iJea
tb€ pariact ».aboi for t:ie true Überall ^i, »^j of ilfe, lixe that of Jesus». L
not Ol %ni» »orld-. ne coiiia depiore tne C^tholic Churcn, cut he woiud not join
tne relor«*tioB. Of all tht rv^oiutioas «e aare naa in iarope, not a Single one
•M a real social reyolution vexoept, peroaps, the rictory of tne Uansenretive)
in: tu* noae of^lifeerty itself, in #ranee. i^i« tbat of 17£9, tne Ifi^ dprlsin^ ,.as
to;be.-xoiio»ea^by An x«pire. und e«pires are poor hreeding grounds for free minda.
^ Do n,^t argue that tnice in t.üs centurj- tne free world fought an autlioriir.
.-i-arlaa u.ry»any...- ihey did not. Ihey fouß t in eccnoaiä uid pdlitical Beiu:ce an-: »0^
««t-ln 1945, as in 1916, they failed to fight tne cause of tne alsease. r.hst cj^n y^u
■ !f'fo!z ^f!""?*^ "^** •"" °"^ '^^ "^^-^ * P-^^Pi« ^*<^ *°<^« i° i945, ehd even
"Tfii.*"^, •*•'••*****-'■••• »'''oganee that tney di.played aU aoring tne »ar?
...attler*. cfitt.-..,». aot Auson.lt. er iiaidanek, ao they teil aa. '»is crime »as not
.(.atarting aaath^r.war, hat iooeing it.- ftita exce.tion of very few people In -eraany
.<- m yeam for a restauretion of 4.er«ary'8 "place aaong tne n^tion»«. »hat tftey aeai
.18 a praaMiinant place of & new araed «,d drrogcjit Geraian^ as top 00g in turone
ic 1 naje »o laitü in aaenauer, but tmfo tun.telj, als Opposition is, ao craellt lost in
tne -fog tüat tney can offer notnin^ Vetter, f etides, 1 agree with 1. on .is r^rt,iajx
polio iA .as e.fortfc to kuild a r^ir peat. urmy, rat-ier tnan a nationaiit^-collcction.
- a . > . .
^ "^
« -'•
'tt
• il'r»»
JO Ji
. beij., »e ftiali not be abie tocaange the »orld. We «*n onij sit back, ^ourn Lue
t!!?- r^^* V?f^?' J**"*- *■ ^°^^'' ^•^ **i^ ^»^^^ '■^'^«^ ^''^« iots Df t^ie
«orld of --ttt» »^■bÄllste, or tue iapreasionista, or the nioe, Coite lana horriblv
borin«) ^^rlü o* Unbacü «id Go.' Ibere «ill aluay. be people.ho restore t.eir
iaterastln ^iriag od by re«Mb«ring tne part, nnd tnay «r. na tae aorst offenders.
It^l^ . xoy^lon^ ti.a to ««üH forget, or do.a it?' "And if »e sit by,*nd ^
rtd«Un*.p^i#t U»e apthMd» flfM^ it out, »re ».not truly the cnUdran ot
nC>s.na.«»r ^ ür p«-h.p«, tb« r*al^ ain 1^ not in flgtttln«. but In ^aitlng on tim i^ida
1S^^^ritr:tr!^^ W tnkt tn. ..t<iing is nora
beoone, in th. atondl aglf a capiSüToff^ .',".. ""•"^•' •'"'^* °"^' '•'^** "'• ^°^
», .
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Ewtll, d«D ai. April I
Meli) lieber Hans,
^■
i '^■
dies, ist keinesfalls eine Antwort auf. Ihren
wirklloh prachtvollen auefuehrllchen Brief vom lett*erponat der
mich ganz" ungewoehnllch erfreut und geruehrt hati
Nein, dies ist nur ein schnelles Zeichen dass ich Ihn er*
halten habe und dass es mir schwer auf der Seele llegt| Ihn noch
nicht beantworten zu koennen. Aber Ich war krank und bin nooh.
nicht ganz gehallt. . .Ich hatte einen kleinen Necven Zusammenbruch
durch üeberarbeltung, vereint mit einer Kohlengaa-Verglf tum
auch nicht angenehm war. Dazu Spring- öleanlng,' das hier
mein ensat genommen wird, und das mir eine Menge Kraft {$(
hat. So. . .
Rudi ist nun wahrscheinlich schon wieder in Halfai
noch keine Nachricht von Ihm und weiss auch nicht, ob 01
letten Brief nach Baltimore erhalten hat. Ich war recht '
seinetwegen, da die Dinge In Israel sehr ernst aussUiei
schrieb gleich nach der schrecklichen Nachricht von dex*'
sung von 1 1 Menschen Im Autobus und bin noch imiiier ueber»i|^j§li|
dass es ein boeses Nachspiel haben wird« Ich hoffte imaMlSf! diasa
Rudi In der Lage sein wuerde, sich in Amerika ein neues Helm
aufzubauen, aber es war wohl nicht moegllch.
Ich denke, dass mit dem zunehmenden Fruehllng meine alte
Lebendigkeit und Arbeltskraft wiederkehren wird und daas i0h
Ihnen dann ausfuehrllch schreiben kann. Bitte . seien Sie aii^
,yj^Ght bnea^^ lieber Hans, dass ich jetzt nicht dazu m aef Juagf
bin, aber loh habe Ihnen Ja die Ctruende klargelegt.
In der Hoffnung, dass es Ihnen und Ihrer lieben f^ilie
^ gut geht - das kleine Mßedchen sieht sehr lietJ'mus •
"Z^xT^ gruesse loh Sie von Herren ..und bin
4
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Juljr 29, X956i
, , ^. ^'^ l«tter vas OD «ad In «y d«fk for iweka, «ad now tii»t I haT.
hfcd «notner conunttiioattc» fron «r». Oppmheljner, I wai.t to 8«nd it off beoaiu
t(ie l&test net^a will ch«w you prob«bly mor«»
i!r«. Oppennelmer will try to har« the dolj.-p&ljatin4{ ohotogrmphed
in iJoftwmesburg. xher© is a friead af the faaily, juet n»»r out'of tovm, ntio
IS a .•:d30 tographer and ooiild do it, if äo, ene wxlx rend us s&lbwaint th«
nogatlT« Vto u«) for copying, As to tiie tiire« Bke*chee of Fraa» Ro8«i»weig,
sae wxli aena .a« tue 0*atiUilx^S, to u*» cji^ied ^ere. *sa't tüat nioe? i .äsh
could keep <»ie, but that v.-oul'in't be ri^Jit, since die is veiy fand of theiE
^ut J. rill have tnea oopied arid send oopies to you, i*id the rjeet of the thre
*ili ii«iVB «aluTteiiynd hang eo^.i.fcre where it 7/111 reuind ffie of both of
oy frimds, Ludwig and Franz, evea thougti the latter is eouehoir dose to
re only t rough hiß tiiout^its and writlngs, some of viiidi I wlU never undtrj
Just Ti~r his t:.hree Short ees^^ß on "wd^i eduoation htyo bacn trsnelated, «r
r»fi» haa a sort of renaissance overher«.
flope ▼ei::y'thing is in che best of »nape, md I am,
with tlie rery btjst wlshea and rogar
Yourt
F*S«i In 1V53 ^ corresponded with one
Urs« Martha Zachary (fonaerly «aoharias), liTing lu
Hollywood, 1^0 fe nusbmd JilUiiS «ac a lanyer in Merlin, and «ho d« 1950«
liis parnt« «ere 'AitxxM 'it, „nd i-oa ^Ukrtönejyjc; « liorits aas ivom UüXg;eto%
died 192^^ Berlla. Poeeibly a r^tir» of your lata husbaad, lorita hac
A brotber liax, U.D. in Hamburg, and U sitters« (Berth*,Iiott«,lfaria,nor» (
livea in ir^enixu&jl* X hui inquiried vtiather tiiia l^^.cherias faaily is rej
to t:io one in liakal (a oousia of Grete Jonaa, your xao therinlav, was Flarc
Gohnberg,raarrled to one Zaohariae of MiJcal} • But %*«• Z« said kbe nerer
heard of theo, whltfi %r. likely.—
p^
•'phn «nxy Richter
8101 Unireiwity I*n«, Ant 302
Silver Spring, Haryland USA
Dear Lott«:
Jj^-^'
••
rery Interesting copy of the letter I hcv« Juat x«o«lwd f ro» **r«, Q«Hnid
Oppenhei«, of Johmnesburg, Ü.So.Afilc«» 3b« !• a coualn of tto Ut« «d lansnUd
*-r«ni aosenzwelg, «ho wm a good friend of and to Ludwig betirMn 1507(or aoM
/•a« bafor« thati and 1920. Thii, «t laa«t. aaa» to perlod of dlraot p«r«oiua
oontaota» ^^
4 *u J ^S noticed Ludwig •• naa« In tha imlex to Oi«t«or«a edltlon (and äLao
In the earlier Qe»an edltion) of itosenswig*« lettera, and «rote to Dp.G,. ^o
teache« inJBrandeie ünivereity here. He replled that mätv Uttert wer« lolt before
he had a Chance to edlt the Engliah ediUon, and that in thoae he had Ludwl« aDDett>e
^""^ ^,* ^""^^ *^° ^'•''' °'' letter). Be gave ae her uddreea, and here le the
A know it, which is 'ostljr what you heve told me alre«^» la yo«r letterswd the
I also waat to aek fara. 0. whether ther« wouldn't be a ebance of eettlac
I ^.Ji^ ^♦kJV**'^*'!!* °^ wt <ir«»ing« «he nentlen«. Boaentweig «»« not onlT
a renarkible thlnker and hmaan baing, but rexy indirectly an inflvenee upoo aie
durlng ^jr yean in the youth loovonient, whlch took Ita lead trom ^^r «nd iloeeniwelK
in trji^ng to f i nd a eoluUon to the probla» of Judaia. and Oamanr. and thoea -
poeed by the events of the l?30Jei. In ttose ^-oar» «e oonld harSJ'nn (eretilnd
«o««nw«ig • philo ophy, but understood Teiy wÄl hi« «««rob for tb« vath««i« litloh
•eew iBpoaelbl« of realitAtioo. Tha «iga« and nyttiol» atty bar« ehaag«d «iw« F R
dlad in 1929, but th« problea «tiUexiot«, and M>«t «outaly, of all plae««, in I«r«d.
Will also ask whether »r«. Baunann would be v llinc to hare « feto ««^^
of the nureey paJrttlng, Did yöu know about it? It would be worrierful If «om
d«y one co'^l'Jhare a book oonta^ning r«nroducti<» (po««ibly in color) of Ludwi*'«
workB. I know alread^, that Oscar and ^rlt« would b« hard ptii to bar« their aaall
but good collectlon reprodueed, no«t af what they h«Te ia not Lulwlg'« b«9t. bot
the drawlng of h^a grandnother Bra i« wonderful, «nd ao 1« hla interlor of 5he
Frankfurt home, wWch I reaember a« If ^ wire thare yeeterday. .,
To go on to sonst hing eise, I hare found an old ^«oharia« anong th«
record« of Koenig-^rg, but I sappone this is not of too gre«t an Interest to you.
I *lso/ound the widow of a Lawyer Zacharias, for».rly in Berlin, now i n Los Angele».
he died a few years ago, but ho al^o was fro» Königsberg.
I don t think you ever gve n» a) your birthdate and olac«, b) rour naideiM
nana, tigy i hnre H frr ly extensive collectlon of gsnealoglca of the Cobn-Conitaer-
Jonas f«nilies? -And how are thing« In the Anthony hoa»? iou »mrdly ever wrjt«. Just
wff ^ ^ Jonasse«, but In your oa«« 1 am qult«,sure It l«i not la«ir«9«. With two
??ii.t?" **\'^ ^ii^?" • '^'•' •"** • J°^' ^ «^«^ ^^ ani-thing done except ay
libraiy work, and that is not enou^ to feed us all, cost of llvii« being waat It i«.
Ewell, Surr«y, 4t.h Septeyuei- :>^.
Mein ll.ber Hans, 1^ ^ ^"/^: h..
Ihr Brief der nun schon so lange unbeantworUt h«l
mir auf dem Schreibtisch liegt, hat mich ehrlich gerührt denn Ich ha-
be Ihn wirklich nicht verdient, da der «lisfuhrllche Brief, den ich
Ihnen seinerzeit versprach, nleaals an Sie «^««f«"«^" ^"i* J^^,^?"*:
• da BS Sie mir auch diesmal vergeben werden wenn Sie <i«?^^£'""^,!'i?"*"
''ich bin so überlastet mit Arbelt dass ich, wie Tees f Au^rville s
- C Mutter in Hardy'e Roman am Donnerstag immer tue was i^h eigentlich am
o >^Miitfwn^hh^te erledigen mvi'ssen, und somit imaer im Nach^rab bin. Ich
^-^ habe das gtnze fÜs aSssen gestrichen, auf zwei himmelhohen zusammenge >
ll.ten Leitern gestanden und gegen den SchwindeKmit Todesverachtung)
,- o angekämpft, und bin nun dabei alle Fensterrahmen, Leisten und Türen
^t binnen zu erledigen. Es bleibt mir nun gerade eine Pause zwischen den
; t^F Schlafzimmern ind de. Hauptwohnzimmer die ich mir g^%n^^^^«5j,|iSiB.
^^'^um Ihr Schreiben zu beantworten damit Sie mich nicht für unwürdig hal
4 ^ V ten.Ludwl/s Frau gewesen zu Sein. - Vielen Dank für die Kopie von
?• &F?au Cenhelms Brief; ich halte es^für meine Pflicht Ihr personlich
I ^^ zu sehr elben da sie nichts von Ludwigs spateren Jahren weiss und augey
^«dbe?nlich ernstlich interessiert ist. Mein Leben hier ist so unendlld,
I f1r"'von1er?:rgangenheit da nicht eine -i^i?: .^reibsfwInrmaÄi'
-^existiert mit der ich von Ludwij sprechen, konnte ; selbst *ej" °*t^*i-^
• ^ < hundert Jahre ein sogenannter gebildeter Mensch zu uns kommt bemerke
i ^ ^ich mit Körner dass fr mit den Bildern absolut nichts «"J^f«»««"/;^"*/
?^nn.i \ih habe es aufseceben auf die Eigenart und Vorzuge der Werke hln^
' zuweisen^ Ein st'ete? nagender Gram is? es ^i'^,^«-« "»?^ »!'"Jeru2lem
dieser Schatz keinen Ort finden wird wo er lebendig bleibt; Jerusalem
hat Ludwig« s Bilder für das Bezalel abgelehnt, da er ^ zu «deutsch« ist
und mein grosster Schmxerz war die wirklich niederträchtige Handlungs-
welse des Tel-Avlver liuseuias. Habe ich Ihnen das erzählt? Bei meiner
cUebersiedelung von Jerusalem nach England hatte ich eine riesige Kiste
' mit etwa 2C Oelgemalden (seine besten Werke) anfertigen • lassen,und
der Packer war gerade dabei sie zu vernageln als urplötzlich der neue
Direktor des Tel Aviver Musuems (Nachfolger von Schwarz) auftauchte
h ^. *"und mir sozusagen 44b Ausfuhr verbot. Er reklamierte etwa 10 oder 1^2
f r 7? Bilder für das Museum und sagte mir, dass er^ einen adnner finden wur-
i'U^ «" de der sie mir im Lauf der Jahre bezahlen wurde. Ich legte keinen
^^— Wert auf das Geld, aber es war alr wichtig, dass die Bilder In Israel
blieben und gesehen wurden. Was soll Ich Ihnen Sagen? Dieser Direktor
^' blieb etwa nur einige Monate in seinem Amt und «infn*?^^ Amerika -
- -. ^Vielleicht kann ich seinen Namen durch Freund* ausfindig machen. Als
f,t^ meine Freundin sich nach dem Verbleib der Bilde» erkundigte sagte man
il^^ihr dieser Herr habe eigenmächtig gehandelt ohne Jemand anderes zu
befragen und pjeda^ohten nicht. daran, sich an dies Versprechen mir ge-
- '».genuber zu ha Üi^rDie^ild^^Tw^^^^^^ "^p'f.ndu
^^rf US ihnen geworden ist weiss ich nicht. Ich glaube dass ^f "^/^^^^^f
FV einige zu sich geno.nmen hat; ich muas an sie schreiben unu sie bitten
^ mir genau Auskunft darüber zu geben. EsJi^t^e__mJ^..ein,en so^ch^^^^
-Wüschen shock gegeben dass ich einfach nichts mehr darüber hören KonnH
r vTe da' ich. so fern von dort. Ja ga^iQ: machtlos war etwas zu unternehuGt,
^' P Ich kann nun die Bilder nicht mehr hierher schicken lassen (und ich
^^ wÜsste auciTnicht wo ich sie verstauen >onnte da unser Haus nur^ktein
^^' ist)da sie zollpflichtls: aind und ein kleines Vermögen kosten wurden.
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C^V^ennSle einige Lithographien und ZeicJ^unj^
V sende Ich Sie Ihnen oii._F£eude, ^iJ.^'^ä^^lJJSKle fiSr die Koniseberger
) Dass Sie so weit gehensichl^ei Ihrer »eneaioKiiu angefvüirteu
^f.Zachariaa - i^Jt-f^f^S f'? c^ti«en"'^9ia°riaf zu tÜ.'si« SSr.n e.1^
?- Namen haben nichts mit «^^"'S^J^^tf^" /milder) in Russland aufkauften.
-^wohlhabende Kaufherren ,die Holz (ganze waiaer; ^" "° ^3^ Mensch«,
^>und m riesigen Lagerplätzen ^^Jj^f] ioSt^ZaihaMas der ein «.nlaW
.aber keineswegs ungewöhnlich - bis «"^^^°^^;.;^^^"''Mein Vater wSr Ha^
•^Mensch war, ungewöhnlich begabt in ^fidfir f®Ji®?^"|* ^'r" -t-rb- er war
r^SchJiepmann dfr «Ib^J^^^JJ- ^rta^ndig:' ^S??arbeurr'der'Silichan
- ?"^^''i''"'^'«r'"Lnstwart" de? "Rhiinlande", veröffentliche vrschle-
Rundschau", dec ^^unstwajL , aei ^ "Berliner Architekturwelt"
^. dene Romane und Gedichtbande ^"'^,^*J_^i|_,^Sr 1892 geboren - Ja, vorgef^e^
^'jahrelang redigiert. J^I'^aa L?;nfjÄtt saGerfvissem Lächeln )elng*-
, i bin ich nun schon in mein 64. Gebens janr^mix^B Konzerte in B-
\^ treten. Ich habe 10 Jahre l«"8j«^fS studiert und zwei Kn^^^ Karriere
^IlBerlin gegeben, konnte «^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ?üSren iollte. Wir haben selu; .
^nicht fortsetzen da er «^^ ^^^.^^^^ "eschriftstellert (meist in Schwe»-
h ernst Kunst studiert und gesa melt S^^^^^^' ,024.28 eine vorzugliche
zer Blattern veröffentlicht) und in «O"' y°^^:-f:^'%„^,. .^^^ aaben si
^^t^Jx^
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/
I
*iiy dear Johnj
o
Eviell, 17th Ootobor 'SSö. -?^Z
Your lon^ and lntellip:ent letters loake me alwaya
feel horribly ashaiued. You have euch a passionate drlve and
enthuBlaSia for what you tljlnk Is your ajotal duty whlch will not
ahrink froin fighting all obstacles, that I think you are .aoet
unluclcy to have a pereon like uae to cope wlth, who has her fire
for battles burnt out.
^ince I iflarried Ludwig (7, Deceüiber I933) my Jife was
nothinj but one continuous fi^ht; fiijht a^ainst diÄdly dieeaaex
one following the other, fiqjht ajainst continuouB Iqbb of my '
iDoney, fight to jet some waya of earning a livelihood (whlch
was i^ppossible, as well in Paris as in Jerusalem) and fight
for hiB-recognltion as a painter in a country^ whioh was froüi the
beijinnlnfic hostile x»! to hljj, not only as as artistjbut as a
ojan as well. Konestly, I can ^9^^^iJ^^^^^^ ^ow because I know
it is useless; in fifty year^^p^e young Israelis aight stuiable
by Chance upon one of his pictures and wlll^I aai quite sure,
hunt the whole world for his paintings and drawings and honour
his work and rejieabrance as it never could be done by those who
are still too near to him.
I have wrltten to lay ^riend, ikdrs. Nora Wilenski in Jeru-
&' ■MlM-RehavU, 9. Ben lUlaoq Avenu«, «nd her reply la enoloeediD
"^ l^P!**- ^ really did not know that the plctua^ are now ali;wlth
, ay frV-fad. You will read with grief how both uA Ll^f^ trMted Lud-
wig - rejected or put into the cellar to decay. Do you really be-
; lleve that I am able to force theo to accept the paiDtinff8'>4 i
can do nothing, In fatt. Ludwig came to Jerusalem too late/steln-
hardt and Broneteln had arrlved ^eare earller. Broneteln b^caae
teacher In the Bezal«! because hie lady-love was the slster of
the
meanest Jealousy; they did, of course, resent nobody of Inferior
coujpetence, but they realized that Ludtig was a danger to thein
because, in fact, he was the only painter in Palestine of inter-
national Standard. You cannot imagine the fights which went on "
between the Bronstem-Steinhardt- pu|)ils and the Jonas-f öllowers!
And the evil gossip of the women, especially of Mrs. Steinhardt
embittered Ludwig deeply. Of course, he was not the man to hold'
back with his opinions. In one thing you are entirely wrong dear
John; either you have had littlg occasion to see and speak to
your artist-uncle, or the time «cone by has altered your remem-
ürance. He was the most fiery, passionate man I ever saw in my
life; in discussions he could even becoae aggressive and cutting
wildly shoutmg and, sometimes, even throwing people out of the *
\
I ■ III ■! fcl
r "Miw ■ ^1 . IUI I
I ■! III III— |>l ,»l M «fc«
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— T-r^^
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had
o
2.
Böraetiaieß a J^b to make thlngs up for hla^ txeaße,
lülBtake Rudl'e phlegai and the r.ither average minuß of hie
brothere wlth Ludwl^ 's; attlstlc bur»ing Personality I
1
house. I
don' t
other brothere wlth Ludwig •sVattlstlc bur»ing personalityl
That ^udi has now not auch Interest in hls brother'ß art
has to do wlth their always dlsturbed relationsJ they were flre
and water, and, althou?h they loved each other, they quatreled
bltterly and we saw Rudi often not for monthe. Rudi is running
away froiu life and if he can not have the one thing he ia cra"
vlng for (I do not llke to say what> he is in a sort of stupor
which iBakes hiiu say that even his collection is only "lüorphia"
to him. Rudi can be, indeed, v^ry charujing and is, takBB all in
all, a good man, but a frifjhtfully egocentric person and ij»-
poBsible to live with, It was not Ludwig's fault that they did
not a^ree with each other, because he quarrels with everybody
In the long run, and his rudeness has often wounded me deeply.
Hb has been the spoilt baby in the faujily and will never grow
out of thiß.
If you are writinr^ to Atb. Wilenski directly - and I think
this would be the best - please write in G-eriuan as she doee not
speak Englieh. She iß Russian born, therefore her aenüan is at
tiiaes faulty, but one can understand luite well what she want
fVtif* -"^
to convey. She le a most wonderful woaan who is devoted to Lud-
wigs (^ (üre. Stelnhardt sald once to her: ••praU^ilenskl hat '
den Jonas-Wahn") and was hls nearest frlend In Jerusalem. -She la
Indeed, the only one who could, perhape, do somethlng, becauee
she is on the spot, well-known and very actlve. She has "taken
over" froa me to luake Exhlbitions of Israeli palnters and does It
wlth understandin»? and taste and earns Just ae aiuch as I, namely
nothlnj. - - The last v;eelcs were entlrely devoted to the sortlng
out of ajüterlal for Paul's lecture in the i^lethociist cojjiüunity :
"Reliijious palntinr: m Italy". It was really a very good ana coia-
plete lecture and a Joy to experlence how grateful the people
showed theiüselves, especially those who had been to Italy. Vrfe
had lantern"slides to illustrate the speech, loaned froiü. the Vic.
ana Albort üuseum. --- Paul and I wanted to contra tulate you and
ypur family to the welcome change of your Job. How marveilousl
That you are now the head of the research library is qulte aina"
zln:3 and shows how very able you iiiust be (I Icnewthls also by your
letters, which I have never the tiiue to answer as they phnuOd- be
answered. Paul, v.ho reads theni alwajs, thinks that you are qulte
an outstandin? personality and regrets that you are so far froni
US. He could do badly wlth a friend, for he has no one but me.
Day after day he is shut up in his dlBHial studio,, looking out
at a dirty nejlected yard in Soho, and speaks to nobody. And the
4
"''^"
3.
1
never endlOworrj If enough work i8 ooioiDg ID Bubi/~.,.
ment and an «rm «r, • ,1 i ^' out tiiere is never an linrpove-
refltAr^!r^= ! ^""^ knowledge and superlority over other
onir^henhe hT ^^^^°/f Bondstreet, bat he could do this ^ ■
over t e dJ^f^^nit S^''^^? Material background to help hL
over the dlfflcult be;^innln.-8. He is a wonderful being idea-
has a White s'ul ^f'chUdliU: puTlty/'"''' ^"^ '°^^ ^^^ «^
lofto^ ^IJ^"^ ^ ^^-^^ translate for you the aentencee In Nora 's
nhi,? ^' ^ oil-painting8 and a few water-colours have been
about one year in the liuseu^ of Tal'Aviv, so long as i^r aa^eu
?e?t no^f^'^'f/^" Dlrector. (^r. aanjsu ^ent to Le?icl'and
left no directions about the plctures and about my contract
back an \4''ni't''^^"'r'^^ The_ne^ Dlrector aeked Se to take
lltoturelly.f.^''''^^' ^' ^"^ "" ^ '"^"^^ reaained there only
2 pietures which you ^ave to the .iueeu. and have been never
r
?^a'few\flrr ^lih tT^^" ^ ßtored the pictures in the kz^
n^ 'at that tlae no rooa In my own flat. But nen I had to t«ir«
in the cellar and one picturee was dainaged. (The Be.alel Dosees
vLr - J"d8cape in Jeruealea" which was given, already 15 u
,bition in the rooias of the Tourln.^ Club and slnce then all your
g^^^^^^f/^^ ^^^^- "'*'' -h«^^ e^le^s a catalosue of thie Mxhi-
li^Z \^ sathered the picturea in the whole^ountry; and if
f SonL? i^"^"'* " '" mterested in it he can h«ve ?t!f"
I wonder id you can ever find out where thls rascal Oam«n
"De^r^^nn^r'^i^'^T- ^ü' ^"'^ "'^^ ^"°^ ^^^ Yiddish eaj^ng? ^'^
Der dannef brennt auf kein P*ler." »J'^"»
Pnn?L!?^T^*^ " *^?^® y®'' ever come across the poet Heinz
Politzer? I icnow that he writes xtOK poeas in Englishi he was a
Sooa friend of P^ul and ayself and, b^fore, of Ludwig It Jae
he Wh. wrote this beautiful I^^mento after hia death ^Alch 1
in t ^°/°^^w? '^^ *^^ ° -^^^ Material. I should lije to get
in touch with hiiü after so many years ^
ti. H.. . ^°'*' ^^'^^ '^°^"' ^^^"^ ^®"®^ h^s b^" written in lit-
tle bits rro. the I7th to the 54th and .uet be sent off .
S^'
John Hcnrj SlAUr
^3 IIa atTMt
AHH ARBOR, NICRiaU
8tpt^6« 19S6
% dMur Lott«
.Mh"
P.S.i O0H*T oaU M Uwa, PIMSE
I haT« r«Miv«d joor my klnd * and dista«>li«(M« b«la«) •UtUr, it «■■• juat
M Mt wtr« paoking to bot« trom Silrw Spring to Aan Arbor« «bar« I « nov th« hMd of
« resaaroh library oomaotad «Ith Um baiTvrsltgr of Niehii^a (a tcmmDdooaXj big U«.
noM having 25^500 atudanta)« It vaa a irary fortuaata atrlng of aocldanta and Ineldanta
%diich brought «a bor«, and I aa not in tba Xaaataony to hara laft tba Ubraiy of Coaaraas.
After all, a ealld la auppoaad to grow auay trm Moth«r*a ^ron atrlnga«
I aa wrltlng In fingllah, aa ^ uaually do» for I hava a aux>lou3, if nndaratandabla
aToraloD to wrltlng about naarly aojrthing in Kanaan, I hare mlwaxa adalrad Ooatha and
atlU knov aoM of tha ballada of 3chUlar, but I llka to thlnk of 0«r«an aa tha languaga
of poata and noTallat8,(I vould navar raad Warf al in trttnalaUon) but for tha r^— ^
oorraapondanaa« and aran for a far battar klnd of eorraapondanca aa I think oora la or
ahould ba« I Juat hata to oaa w»eman, unlaaa tha othar half Jnat can*t raad of apaak
Inglaal, I hopa 70U don't aind«
laa, 7our lettar waa dlaturblng In raapaet to tha tarrlbla fata of Ludvlg*« «ork«
It la hard to tndaratand hov ha oan ba oonaidarad aa baln<: *too Qnrnmn", for unlaaa I m
▼ary auoh nlalad« I alwagra bellarad that It la tha aubjaet aattar that aakaa a plotift'a a
Jewlä» plctura» How "Jalrlab" «aa laraal«, or toianrandtr Tat arerr good JawlahhoM haa
a Raobrandt fiabblnar on aoaa wall«.«
Woraa than a fftding raputatloo • it happanad to tha baat of artlata • la tha faet
that hla palntlAga« aaeh aa «ara in laraal than • nmk to ba rottlng avaj aosavhara. And
Ru<fy, «blla hara, naw MnUooad a «ord about 1h*t« Ha MUST have known, Ra did apa«k of
ona painting that la in Haifa, that had raturaad fpoi aborad and tha Idlota in tha auatoaa
aarrlca diaandad datj to ba pald on It, and fiu^r (oorraatlj) rafuaad« I nuat —j that
In tha eaaa of tha othar painting ha dld laaa «alli It la a Tlav fron hia houaaCNaalllah
fioad) «tiich hanga in tha atud^ of tba laraall Anbaaaador In Uaabington, and I an aahaaad to
aay that, though I loeatad it, I vaa unabla to find tioa anough to f it (by appolntaant
onlyt). It is illuatratad, If I aa Dot aiatakan. In tha Shelelopadla Judalca CaaUllana,
under Luiwig'a antry, but thay didn't know, in 19501) that ha had paaaad aviy In 19|ß...
Xhia painting was one of tvo at the ««orld adchibition in ümr Kork (X939->iiO) and waa aold
-Tia I don't knov kho) to tha äabaaay. fiut it haa WTer baan paid for. Rudy tracad tha
aaaa do» to tvo paople in Odv Xork uho wara Insultad that aigrbodjr vould aak about it«
Ihey claiathat thay had aant a chack to Ludwig to Jaruaalaa, and that the chaok had baan
retu2TMd (nqpajot uncaahad) but that thay caii't find aoy record of it now« It aattera
littla kB aa far aa tha mondy t* involvad, but the uhole attituda la disgustli« Indaed.
fiu(^ dldb't want to make a fuaa, becauaa he vaa hera an a diplonatlc aiaalon (the arehaao-
loglcal ajchlbit, which was a treaiendoua hlt hara) and I vaa parfactly vlUing to take up the
fight, but Audy neadad tha copy of a letter he had received in Haifa vbila av^, andnov
I am-atlll- waiting to get that letter back(lt aeems, Rudjr doesn*t cara tso auch about lt.)
I aa Tery daeply aorry about it and I can't quite undaratand fiudy'a point of Tiew« It is
of oourae up to hla, sinoa ha • or/and you - would ba the only benef iclaria a, but all the s:
I hate to aaa eartain paople gat away wlth aurder«
- 1-
40
I hav9 no illusloofl febout Ludvig'a «tanding aa an «rtlatt H« um no Corot or
PlsMTOt but I thlnk thl« hu nothix« at all «o do vlth tha iaaua« Tha laaua la
that In laraal mm^hoify vaa or la trjrlng to "bogreott" hia worki| and that Ludvlg narv
daaarved that, Aa hia vldov^ you ooght to ba abla to do aonatingi naTarthalaaa, I aould
not healtata to approaoh tha 6iA>at^ thara, but of couraa I don't know, trom hara^ hov
your connactiona ara in that raapaot, I do faal that it ia a aattar of URO you knoir vho
would taka an actiTO intaraat* i4iat about tha critiaa vho hart ao «amly praiaad LudvigU
vork? IT the Betalal MuaaiA Diraotor ia a yotip^knoiiMifhat^ thara muat ba aosaboc^r aho aan
atraightan hia out« Tha paintinga ara now tha aatata of Luchfiga^ anlaaa ha or you aold th
to tha govarnnontf and thua you hava a legal rlght to tha«, If notj I aaünot ÜMtgina that
laraali artiata vould parnit auch a oonditioo to axiat» It could happon to aojoiia of tbaau
I üondar ifhathar I don*t knov aoaabody vho can halpt
I vant to bag you noat aarioual/ to gat in touoh vith your friand vho aight
hava aoiaa of tha paintinga« I alao vant you to gira aia ttia na«a of tha Diraotor of
tha Muaaua vho aada tha oominitaiant to 1d9 find a OonoTi or Maaaan« I think 7011 aoat
try to gat in touch vith anyoKia vhon you knov in laraal änd raally raiaa a big atink«
If thay^ or youj can gat aoy aotion^ ia only Tla "public opinion**! ^uad that, ^y daar,
oan ba vall organisad, if it la done rlght« I aa quita avara of tha Jacka^Pollaok
antaipathy aioong tha l»aat md liaatam Java, and I juat lova to gat mj handa on aithar
partjrj for both ara at fault« I hara no oooipaaaion vith thia pattgr Infighting, and I
for ona an villing to halp to raatora Ludvi^'a paintlng, aithar to tha gorarniant, or
the muaeum, or to you, and if thay von't lat than out of tha eountiy baeauaa thay ara
tha cultural property of laraal, than thay daanad vall hara to taka aara of than« If
they don*t vant to ahov than pemanently, tha/ nuat at laaat aet Mi *o it that thay ara
proparly carad for«
So taka off your gloraa and bum up your typavritar« Don*t ba bald baak by thair
attituda, thay voo*t lika your lattara, or tha "praaaora" from inalda laraal« Soaatlaaa
va hava the auia aituatlon hara, and you vlU ba amaaad to aaa lAiat tha navapapara aan
do« Do you knov aryona in laraal vith a band in publiahing, or nava raportingT*««>«^
I knov I aa talklng throu^ ay bif hat« I doa*t \ai:m t^a aituatlon of I9ii2 nor
today*a. Bu4y told aa that tha Baaalal Hamnm ia «vnf riandly* • So to Hall vlth than«
It'a our Job to oaka than "fiiandly*i and if nmcm§murjg vithout fti4y*a halp« Ba ia too
auch a phlagaatio Jonaa to gat an tha rl«ht horaa« I undarataad that ha vaa, or ia atill,
ooncemad vlth hia ovn futura, and that ha nuat atand vall vith a lot of paopla« But ha
nuat raallaa that nora ia at ataka« Ha ia 00a of tha tmi good Arianda I haTV in thia
vorldj and ona of tha tmw ralatlraa I do aara for« 80 vaa Ladvig« And I faal that va
ova it to hiji| and fiudly ovaa it to hia brothari that aonathing ia dona« Soon«
I am going to doout around («^it^out glTlng any datalla aa yat) to ame vhathar
Uiare ian' t aomebody in thia countzy vho haa tha kind of veight that vill ba raapaotad
in laraal, vhera U»S« Dollara ara of tan mora valcooM than Anorioan "adrioa"« Hov lat aa
uiov wnat you oan do and vill do« iuid don*t forgat it oTar your pota and pnahn pana«
Ja, auch ich bin ain Qoethakind vban it coBoa to Waltanachauung« I hara no uaa for
Uie kind of natiaaaliaDi that, avan in Israal, ia sourlng tha good proapaota for Intamatlonalj
underatanding« I thought va had aaai anough of that in ^amany and aona othar placaa«
üut I am aurpriaad to hear you call fioaeniwelg an orthodox Jav« Ha vaa not« I don't
think that ha had Intendad to go back to the (ihetto, phyalcally or apiritually« But, unlika
Ludwig, Franz R. vaa Yery auch ccncarnad vlth Judalam, and naturally the tvo aplrlta didnH
9ee eye to eye« Tha Spiaaaar, in any country, la oy graataat anaay, and I aai rary glad to
haar that I had mora inccaunon vlth Ludvig than aoaa aaaorted ancaatora« Tha "Badikalar*
you probably misraadi FR vaan*t thlnklng of a polltlcal anarchlat or totalitär ian« But it
la quita posaible that to ¥& avan the ft^algalat vaa, aftar 1920, too unraligioua for hin«
->
/
/
/,
/
/■
mm (MW w ni xn lyay, «d th» •iioe««dliic <to«truotlon of Qantti «od rwlly BwopMn
J«wy »««^ wo tragwlles whlch mi« too ■ooh fWr all of o«, in th« • «na« that II
eino«r«Jor trl«d to find « road «OMWlMr« anltlag th« iMUrn rtllfloaliy and th»
wesurn splrltual «nd politlMl outlook of moA&n tenun JM17. I thlnk • siath««!«
VAS posaibla, and I aourn ovtr tn« ftot that th« 00I7 aan «ho eoold hw aarrlad 00
tha aaareh, Martin Bubar, waa daniad that abanoa, flrat In QarMrj through Hitlar, nd
than In laraal, through tha inooaprahanaibla attffttaekadnaaa of tha orthodoay,
Tha raault will ba an laraal «Ith laraali eitiaana, not Java« Ths raault will ba
the kind of ghatta-oindidnaa« m bad up to tha 19ih oantury, only that tha ghatto
ia a bitt lar«ar, Bay, aa larga aa laraal nov. Tha truth ia that without tha outalda
aUitary praaaura f roM tha Araba, laraal night «all hav« loat th« battla that Hitlar
«aa unabl« to «int tha daatruotion of tha baat parta of aodarn Jmxj,
Hara in Aaarlca, mara thay ara ovar 5 MiUlon <)««a, anl that ia half of all of tbn.
«a find an aaaaln« "ratum" to iialigion* or at leaat to tha aooial groop that nakaa
the *<aviah coograKation. Fron tha tiias tha iSJidara oaM omr, and «ith tham aaaiT
J«wa fr« ^iaroanjr (»traua, Morganthau, Wiaa, Naek, to nana bat a tm pronimnt fanlliaa)
tha «^aviah organisaUon «aa that of a congregaUoa, i%oh tanpla haa ita om aatap.
but of eouraa thara ara ragional and naUonal organ sationa by tha dosan. All in all
tn« amphaaia «aa an Uberaliaa, if not rafom, in raUgion, and aooial aarrioa ia
oonnuaity lifa. Ibia haa daralopad vntil «« hara in naarly all largar eiiiaa Javiah
Conaunitjr Cantara« alwa/a connaotad vith a agmagoga, «hara joung «d old «^a«a aan aeat
aoolally» aan taka eouraaa (eyaning and auadajr aehoola)» aan calabrata tha «'•«Iah
faatiTala, and ean ba aetiva, thougfa tha Cantar, in aouninltj afftira. ttiathar tha
gantilaa lika it or not, tha Java ara an inportant (and oaualljr «all»to*do) aaatien
of aaeh ooMunitgr« «d thaj ara, through thalr rali^iona idaaa, daroUd to aooial
Juatiea and eoBnwltjr aarrioa« Tha largaat Ja«iah*ron hoapitala and otihar inatitutiona
ara all noo>aactarian, opan to nUL paopla of all oolora (aoaathiag that ia a problai
hara) and aa far aa politica ia eoneamad, tha riah Ja«a ara uauallj Rapüblican«,
tha noraal*aisad oosa ara Daoocrata, lika ouraalraa, Ihay Joln, hovairar. In thia
apirit of Butual andasror f or tha good of all, and thia ia aa it ahoald ba. Ilaarly
all AMrioaa *<a«a ara ajmpathatia to laraal, and namm vcndar, aoat oft haa hava aloaa
ralatlTaa in that countiy,
Mov it atanda to raaaon that if tfully 0QB«>balf of all «orld Javrj- ia te Aaarlea,
tha rali«iotta daralopMnt ia laraal and t^at ia tha U.S. ia of grsat iapari. That'a «hy
I aa raally vorriad about laraal, for I do not aaa it aa "aaralT« * «tata lika all othar
aUtaa« If it ia to ba that, I «ould rathar atand at tha aidalima. To aa it ia aora
laportant that Judaiaa aurrlTaa and aunriv« «all, than that thara ba anotbar tftauriniat
oaamunltor In a world füll of fanatloa aa it ia« Ciril RighU alooa do not aaka a nation
nor doaa aeanaaic oooparatira davalopaant, although I do faror both, and aora«
H«ra •*• aa going lika wlldf ira, bacauae it juat happena to ba on ny loind. I ou^t
to t«li you that Hutn and our t«o wild cnildran ara wall, that Juliet ia growlng lika
a Msed, aid ao ia Mark, nov liyaars oid, and Tery outa indaad. I ahall aand you a
Xoto vltn khlB lattar if I can find one in tiaa« Otherwlaa, naxt tiaa.
I have aTazy respeot for your abilitlea aa houaa paintar, but I aa alao cooTinced
you oould do better in tha aora artlatio flalda« Not that I begrudga you tha plaaaura
of a housa of your ovn (w hopa to gat thera, aomsdity). «a hai« a rory ppor apartaant
juat now, but will do batter aftar Octobar 12, «han «a aova to a projeet owned and run
by tha ünireraity« I anall giva you ay naw address a bit latar, I havan't got it yat,
iX,lS3, 001 1 pleaae aand na aoas of Ludvig'a drawinga« ^ hav« but thraa or four,
nothing auch, but at leaat a tokan. ft>ad and oaoar hara aach a carload of atuff , but
»toan I aakad than for Juat ona thing(an loan, to hang on tha wall) thay kapt rathar
qaiat« . .
*«<^ .-•*••» ■••»•»ir
I
^
•*-
Lt ao tb» "rlght" ZaohtriaMt ar« «thArs. Too bad, and IBOD
lic dftU, I had to «alt for that nearly 19 7«ir«,..(p,a.i M»
■arry Ludwig?)
Oh, I aa« nowt it vaa Ludwig who wroia"Ich aerk«f loh bin radikal" • I do think
that hs maant It aaid wlth a «mil«« Llttla that I to«w hia, I raasrnbir that h« waa «
▼ary quita-spokas^ badaeehtlgftr Manaoh. Ra would tiot gat axitad aaall7, and I hara navar
aean him in agltation* Ha had tha Jonaa toaeh alrightt quiat« aran to tha poijit of
phlagna. All tha Conltaara «poka alowl/, perhapa baMHa It «aa in thalr aIow»flowlng
td owr angrthing,
Ludwig'« sistara» And Oaear in Naw York ia «tili ttiat way« tfd miu to bava takan
on aooa of tha Naw lork attltudo toward llfat all la axiting^ll 1« «paad (tha/az«
running awfully JTaat but ara g tting nowbara at all)«
^ tha wiv^i Wllllaa (Frad's aon dlaappoln ad aa a bit« Ba didn't aran bothar
to tha.-ik aa for 4 ganaalogioal Chart I draw for bi«, although ha axpraaaly aakad for
lt. Not tQat 1 aara about that, but it aaeaa thAt wa ara all growar awa/ froa aaeh oihar«
and Oacar, intha 15 yaars that 1 hava baan in thla Odontry, baa writtan axaetly V Mwt»
i'Vad at laaatsanA a note whan M^rk waa bon, Osoar took no notiea« MsU» e'aat la TiaC??
\
X
I am awaitiag anzioualjr tha picturaa from ^t; OppanhelBar« loa ahall bara aopiea
as aoon aarOaalbia* If noboc|)r in tbe world would aax^ for Lulwlg, I think It will
auffioa If wa rm^tomr hija« It ia juat ajr natura, aftar tha mMoy ditappointMota I
hava had ovar th# yaara, to tall tha «hola vorld to go • flabiag, baeauaa in tha lagt
analoraia« tha oalj thing that eounta ia qr omq attliuda« If I oan juatlfy bafora wjmlt
•xfjr action I takt, and find it in aniacn flth tha aoral prineiplaa I aa tiying to' llra bf.
than I don't oar* a farthing liiat anybody^ alaa thiaka or aagra« I lovad Ludwig aa i^^ .
f aTori ta unola, and X raapaatad bla art, and praalaaljr baoauaa ba dldtoH trx to eopr
vq\>o(^ or try tf aet llka Iaraal*a Piaaaao, or aoMthi^ llka that* It ia tba I
baing bahind tba work ba lafty aod I for aaa will aat fargai fltbar«
üo loog, and OIT BW* ^>oa*t giva tta othar aida t
axcuaa that *yoa vaita<r4oe long*, tbara la a «i^ing tbat^ it narar too Uta, «at
ona dacldaa on ofa*i oan hock thit It ia« Ihoj «n't aay aora tbM oo«,«« l
V
lm%
t
4
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Jf^
•nr^'.ai^i.ib.'ia:. 0
5
-^ J
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y
1994
Lottt ttthony itodi» id^ IhftÄ *'A«?T6ii^2i. fcpt.r iOS f i« dl« fu«r lotU
und auch «ich «o •rfr«u«»d«,MltUUvi»f aa^bta« ^m m^gstaai 13 oder U
fiUdtr tin*«r«t Tittiirrtüdirtf Älöh«r ÜBd »oKlb.WÄhrt iloh b«i IbB«D befind«,
Sie koeonUn nieht In besser« ti««ad«Mla, d*Too l^h Ich gens elcher. £■
iit taitert«ihlich, und unter iUtodllÄ; wir a dlf beidän Jlufeums uad der«
Lelte^'iltt fb-felndllch gegen Ludwig itelltea - .*• iuJ'dei' ran Ixmea «ehr
ricitlg gegebenen örunden su stuuen »eheintt llferaucht. Der Jude «u« Oeutial
lend - noeh dnau ein "unreligioeier" dessec Bilder keine juvdiaai« Intwresü«
«elg« Vvle ale bei budko oder Stelnmird oder Heraana Struck lu find« tlnA)
•oheint d« öeberpntrloUn - die welbtt keine tabres sind - uttang«ean tu aaL
klr Uegt ja nun »anlg « der« Meinung, »oluige die BUder aiaher tlad* Aua
de« Lande wird aan sie wohl kaua aehn« koenn«, nicht «innal Lotte, alf un*
Mittelbare idrbin k^nn sie nerauebekoan«, und aug«blicklich h*t n« In Itra«:
augegebäneroaib« groeseexa Sorgen. Ich bin ein Sohn einer Coaalne Ton i*udwl(
die inn inr Leb« l«g »ehr geeocaest hat, ala ihr oagabUitar ?«tter \aid sei
weilig ta» ireiÄd. i\x mir war er nein Lleblingaonkei, Ich »ar nioht g«t I4,
al« Ich ihn sun letst« Mal (in Berlin) eah. kr hat den uebrigeai aueh ein
oder Bkwiaal geselohnet und geaalt, aber Zeichnung und Geaaelde hab« dw Kri<
nicht uaocrxebt«—
Mir wuerda « den ▼« Dm« erwaehnt« Katalog der AtMatallvng ,dla SU «
hege gebraeat nab«, jitjc 11«»«, bea«dert w«n dl« heuUg« BeiltMr Minar
Werk« g«aant werd«, abar auch ohne dl««« i«at«. Zwei Bruedar wo« Liadwig 1«!
In M«w Tork (lie wind alle nein« •Cnkal*, ««nnfl«ioh g«aag«ttOMMa naina
Gro«rr«tt«m) und hab« allerlei Geaaalda won Ludwig, nicht« wirklich hadaatar
und beide bat»« wca I««t keine Ataauag, un aal der Wahrhalt die Ihr« an g«b«.
lb«r das «a doch aal dar Bruder war, dar die BUde geaahlt hat, wird a« aaioe
dar« fatthaltm. (Heiat Stilleb« und Ansicht« au« Broabere uad rr«kfttrt/0
wo die FaalUe 18iO-.19J« lebta) . a «"V"
c'
a«n Bla alr «an I&talog send« wucrd«, waere ich Ihn« ■•Hy d«kbar«
Mim habe ich leider keine Gelegenheit, selbst Au8stell«g«n au wennstalt«,
und aelne faäai»ievaig« %a Juedlscna» Kreis« hier Bind %qxc "leicht*, lur la
N«w York oder Los Angeles waeren geuegend -ud« aus Deutschland die «ich fuer
Ludwig s Kunst interesiierai wuerden, und in den gleichen Sti^edten .eb« wlale
die Israeli Kunst «eur scaaetsen - also Ton beld« Se.t« Interesse). Allerdin
ist das Ausfcel-en selbst ein "Üesciiaef t», von dem icn nicht» warstehe. ks kost
Geiu, unü ungeneuer viel Arbeit, woluer natjerlioh xj-ecneriicu wenig oeaaü-t w
(icä aen-.e oa nicht an Geld fuer .ucö, sondern iuer oie lellena« wi«ustelj.«cl
arfaefte.) Nach London iiesce ^s sich wonl njca eaer nao4«. aber da .-eis« nur
Lott« BB8cn«id,~- _■ \\ '"., .■\". /
Bun danke icn allerding« auch an (Ü^eferoa Z^üöiii^f't.' in W^^i« hat Ludwig xeine
^ukunft, solange diese Homochs« dort vorsieh«, a^an ist eine Koasine v» mir
(nicht Jonas-ianUie) in Kibut riasorea (Joitnean) , wo lUfred Israel»« wunder-
bare Kunstsaaalung aufoewahrt .^.ird, ^in ein« «i6«s fuer se^ne Saauniung gebaut-
Uuseua. Die Gru«der von ^okneaa sind aUe in Deutscrdanä tie.;.ren, gebi±aete
Menecij« aus d« gltflöhen Kreisen wie Ludwig und l^otte, aber natuerlich juenger
Ji^i
A*w
Xr\ a;'1>A.^
■•»h«. «
l- - t
-^^I7v
d??:
Vi
^«^!9.*?*f ii^*: f>¥n4|tr 4ct i«: Aug.. . .
gut« Adee irfc«r« - j9ü«nr*ll. .oli»ng. di« lar»«!! Regier jn« i.ur.«t er^! «^,
««•«Ki-.*.^ r i«*nQ» i.»g8en wird - di« «ilder ip^ter ji«! d«a i.lbbu«
n iu/rofa af nl«ht ^'^'"'^•^ " ueberla«.n; ü. «inen inkfuf ^^t
«■ »xcn itoiu cUL nicht aandeln. et kornjit d^ aI^a ux^^ a^ ^.- ^
«eg.b«nenfail. al. Cuete de. fae.it{ö?i'^-.r ^^ '""^ -** ^^ .*.t. re... und
(-.ni.. bn. ^^- il.' Wlc^u"iW*°^W ^^^^ "^"^ "^ ße.orcni., •olange Si,
ixl9t iismi flov aab ib*. sä.^- n&i^Bj« äHLi^*-'i.tt»°^»fi..f?H?*fl|«» f4s«fr,«^ iT«r8iU«t
,(i>alt osbcux x/i ioirtiä anftiri&ii lew? in^iflni^Jc «De o>Di/tj lad ai.« «x»; ns^s«
auA .biUa i«rt9x« latiie sin »jjtuilo« ,*ju.ai8k ae-idfc n» axfi©* ntio *t ^ä^i-^ i±*
-«-• al* ,»J.oJ L*igiU9 J.iOin »asmMoai i»gu-&n ok;*> I:lo# «>I? rw« mi« ».m*. aeo
ii«fci<ü HOT •ala^.oy leoio onod aia aio' nsi .a»ä-iod ••.ea«»«?* n»..aaiin9a;,uö.,» ,ui
Im bm i»^i*V i»tft9jdÄi»u liix «i* ,iAf! Ja«ik.',oj»;, in»« ^nsi a»j*«. i..! niu o^c
Ol« dOLd «M^il-id^ü ijoi Jon TU ,ii*a (iiixidä cl) Iäm «K^tJaX ai-« nr.x . 'j- aia
>il>: n»b ßsaan »i^IaMwC' hat; ..;.u:uiol»\' i'*':^ ..iJanc^ r.m; ^-'/nnox-^ü;:. iju..o^.t v.»r>c
.yl s±-.7iJir- ficT idtidina J.9>£ .iTBj^ »3e-:b ei-ric ^0i.*^ i^:. ^.m.-röT ^nr^ci-.*:^, o:-imV
.nt^eg 0» öini elb ^iaiiTLAV; i^^b Uä all .snunriA i^/ii^i j^iauJI acy w^f^c ^-^l^ L •:
-CV'lx/l.^m'ii bau jTdd^oifc i^.. oeJiloiaflA biiD oodailicr : j^.^f;) ,nav^l3r.J3fi . itö^^
•TÄdilnÄb jjiUL a^rutl *i»i -n«^»?! ,ii«bi uv rtöon^^ ^ol^j >J! aat -^i::: ^i« /inaf
iil iiiil .-^noiti« X.;.« Lall Tair iieaii.i! /bi.mi. ^u^ , ne-oL-i.. ;.4- i .-iiJy^ :.nL
Tk.ii «cid* ;sD
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hfliaeh, fl«bra«lMb und «ofar Rum«i.«k Zt^ =f .W.*''^"**»-^^^*^*^«"
ifli» ^ax XU.« .n^iieJotov JioB n5«Rioinoil"»«axXJ annsics - ;'l.iL';-ii.S
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•iUiAä X.W •'▼«tyülMf^ifaUMr^l «MAI «ia-"!«« Mi «i t4l^|^tout
boU«4 •«•• i>«Ni.»ail bl»t ■fiüy.ifeMk''«*« jF«%^«it'%itl»r^«e4:i^rMt«A HÄdkff «hat
•^ft rttttm Uaei|.i«f «m— ■ dir— »o»»«AtrWt >4>H«^li«r^o<ii.^ ii<Mi Btltiri- l«"f •>^til6« «
«v«r frU^tfuUy toottef *«a*y)io#» tei %Mft t«i4y *rtt'i«Uiwt «^r»UofNbrUf%i-iloo4 will
•!••*•• fiut th«r« oufbt to b* «lougb tadkrctaadiof la Xsr»*l not to aaic« «o (U'iitt a
ATolTMMi in hlt r*l»lag tb« two ««Ml-orpliatt» »oaMnrhat aor« ■«lfl«h t(M» t«Ifl«M«
h«oi.(.cti^u MAMiAf!^ '«bw^^MiriiiM«, Jiib^^mmfty gfi^^imiiy UefMtfPW luii^t w* «ad
•Im. X <d««i« tbou^ßt hc rtouldi h«T« aAZTlad, bui I kno« tb«t fa« «ould oob «nd
.f>ias'3i»il<t'.mU-'*f) ttt«oidy^# i»m^4rair '»— ■Jiutft ^|Mt^^*'«tptW#-#tf»tlB>^^>^tt°»jiiv^ to n^irt
i.c . r *hU-to <tp 4»rlbr>^M», im^^Mf (^mthktJlh ^ml^ i>»f>y»-Hat^<>tt4dü<>f jfrtf th« aot
t. ««]äjE youa |>a1raruina<r -a#ct^(kHgt% ami>ion- -^^«ay äb^^j^tf %dij^ Ü^^ftt^ 'mp\ttd^
id my aotaerU t«ap«raji«nt| Not tii« «uiot sufforlng Jocua, I^^K^i^Ü^lMVU «t
.aesi «b? So auch tn« b«tt«r» I •■ tiotbloodod aysoif «nd oaa thout «itb tho bott of
.•5- «jia <Iom, aotö aya«ir #»11 otiwra*-: il«^ It At>#li6^ f «hei^ oiidv rilA? ifc^d*^/ «la Maatori
, ui trt« iaiaaara arr «U^ ÜJm Üiat^ Meo» th«l:i> top 'oiM%lnuta,^^<^ b^ Mi ^tM tro«
« ; -Ä n«xt. iothiiig pazwoaal^ yott' -kii«»^ ^J^M«^ ^ttfa- «i-aaeUbtf f roä^^ tf -tantt««»^^ ^ ikf n Llo4d-
;»9yr«^ (iiattataa «aid )90»«^I/ * i«a« for j^tfa*- '^-^ -'^-^«^o'^ «^ n^ i; i^ ,«iuw-:äic^
aa yt>tf kfto»--bc1* f^r o«^ «»re- yaarr -«i«* I> -«Voit thtfüj^
.1 aa all f*r tbrowiaf }>ttc^« «rat of tha honita. *~ '-- ."«--i-- :*i»ü
Rudi «aa th«3roi«f«at of 9| «nd • lata-bora «t that. lo wondep. . .
-aa iadaed'.«Q«97-. ta Maiv*h«*<^»aal^fuf-fiBf?-a;^lir;'<»^^ia^i*'8i nW'irii^iTiiit'trtlit,
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*** ^P^'^x JWlIull»« «nd dld B0% har« U« «owAf • JlftM01«*iai^MMir th« « T
th! fü!^ 'T.!^!* • •ti^»i«r ia iKMdtt. «7 M-oaU^d «dvMiarM «kl iook pU««
r.! iT!*?*^?^ ^V^* •««trl.i, B«l<lua 4ad D«M«rk, for ibtrt t.« p«opl« •«« to
i«r 11 tut fro« th« inf«riorlty or »iipwlorltj *— r' "^^^ ^ *'^rT ^ n fcial win fcndllO ■ j
y, MÄd Boa« of tht t...-«Äay-to.b«-hmd rMlla« 1 fouad^~>äa»; l lor« ?«•!•, llJt«
,ii*^J#f fr 4«ta^^plf^|yi#n4j|^l^ rtHMjtÄkMMfpllH #«tü lilU^ »iws^ «aJU* Ulft«4 te
'^ff»*fn,Fa»TtfI0f )»tftrd.ftrol'9<4o»fiaUi4«Mia«4oi^iJolaM;JM %«ifoMt MiiMd««ao
idnit ••« tb. LouTT« «nö I dldnH »l«. )f«o« Um ourLAStlT ^uer* ««rTpi^w of
t«r to Berlin, »li«r« ta« alddl« «Im« r.i«D. a« »ueb m It do«« in aoit of London.
X-L-
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o*w Jen bii-c «.': JinJ wcni I iud .balfu« »t«!: tJU>o « »ii ^.läuonj • c«»iA 1 .Ml»
t 7^^?^i!!rT li ^^}^ •^^•* •"* »«•~»» -our.)¥m, «nd miUd fl^mptoa
t- Ji-. "l.,■^ -'.Jx^ J_>: j n*o ./lä j-si/.; oecooiojoi: bü i .-i"»j^»j a^.j .lux/« oö t/i'» .s&a.
d/, « ;w**H>on>,;^^or»«j: jt^i^tv CQfette /wdjpi»rl;iiUtrtgmt..iM»iwr»»ttuMUUt.
-olerabi*, ai.d w « d.Ut. of Bp^«» ^^i^t J,^t.. by.ji|»«lt^^^.4*WMdaw^ j^sat^gf.,)
•et for ,{r*auAt« «iudwit« and f*culty), and «• aade »i le^at tnr«#nerjL«3
.UAlntäncea , Hoa* ia wt^rn /owT; fri^a ♦!», , iiä^pu. Qi«><»M. tj^a» «il.
»; or in Stocichoi« «id sAk« frlauda and lUa 1*. »ould bar« to ba a flaiaaTar
i t ona aran ia Garawiy, uj daar ancta^ra* hoaalaad. To haU altb tbat, »nyhoi.
^■■>
^^^' i ii
;ci
i
John ^mrj Siehtw
Idbmrian
(PH(t 3)
Ut ■• tak» a slnuU to brag about agr Mir IvttmwhMd« Look» yxv IkmmIw but i>
-etuff " but no r.f«wot mtvIo« «nd T«gr f« boote, b!t^«ty^^««rtt-r««h m
W roaearch lürvy ooUoota ««1 collect« «d noiar |»ta rld rf£ I hS. li S2li^
uabotharod with so «uch «ham. Ihay aU «ork llte Diokana (U DlcliaraJJJ^Srtod) and
tnv «ra <jiita awat. ?or tfat flrat U» In aany moaih» I Ilkt 1^ idb and ii»?W;Tl^
I i«rk f jr and with. UC. 1. a horribly taft^puS «d aJi^^jJ Si^S"^
5?i?t^ .S"* • 'fr f«*JJ««*' '»»y hau na« idaaa mlaalth^ aoJ ftalASSa. «,
that'a bad, bacauaa it la tha young profaaalonal litrarlana iho tarn ^tkMlTll MI
IS!?*";^!!; «nd Idaaa, and find thanaalvaa bLockad at arair eoraar, unlaarSTc«
tha lihraiy, and I knov that thay got thalra out of —
But lafa fjt iuok to battar ttolnga. I faal rnry anpathatlo to ftBil'a trovbla bacauaa
Mhat an artlat <ll«d in aa «lan I dacldad to organlsa booka Inataad of raadlng thSTT
I can«t draw a nlekal»a «orth (pardoo ae, I »aant a farthlag) but I do aar aSl atT Jaint-
Ing, can't gat Mm to aoulptura - ar« Michalangalo laaraTaa aoaawhat SdT I rS«tor
onlor ona atatua that lapraaaad aa for thi raat of ^ Uf; and thla om I aiv nh«!^
about 16. I lo*a to walk and to hlka, and uaad toTpand iy SunS/mSSlLlTn^lL
walkljs through th. park., wlti, or wlthout aar ihafft^d dj. iSS ^dTl ^i^out
V^J!^^J' ^ ***• ***"•«!•« ^ «>• Chaplottanburg SdiloaapLt. Thara I 7Li ahatt f Ilt^
to be tha «oat baautiftal plca of aculpturat tha aaroophagua of Qua« Loulaa of Pruaaia.
pexhapa tha only «omu among tha hardy iVuaalana aho had anjlhlng llka a aool. and had
tha oouraga whlch har huaband k narar »uatarad. 1b har mx£^ th« to^'a Slnld
Hoh«.oll«rn ona ahould look for aoa» klnd of InaplraUon for a naa^bom OamanTr^r
mnE:r SiSil^ Sr^dtU. ^*^"' '^**«-*^* P»'*»-P- «odm«. Haa, bTSSt M.
T S!l.**,f ^'l^,?* }**^ ■• *'"^** '»"»^•d* •<> <*>•• «wat of poatjy. laaglaa, at 10
Itoa. all of SchUlar'a andlaaa baUada, at 12 I Maaad vlth oSth^a HamST^
Dorothaa, tha onjy on» of hia poaaa I Ukad. Haina, of couraa, «aa v flratlora: but
not baoauaa of hia rooantlc poaaa, but for hia poUtlcal aatlraa. Modam poetrr atlnkar—
so!" i*"**° you naaa, avan our raiy ovn Stapb« Vincant Banet, or B<£rst. Vi.nc«t
*^^.?* ~* 'T ^'**** ^ ■•• ^"^ "^^ ^» «"itt« m «>at aoda» Journala lan't
worth tha papar it ia wlttan on. Thia ia barah Judgaaont but I can« t halp it.
Drana ia battar. I tiink you will find ,aaong tha ^odama, Arthur Millar'a The Crucible
olf^^/tJi'K**'^?* ?°1 n""*** f *** i^^ ^ ^'^'P^*** rarbatim fron tha 17th cantuxy racorc
of the witchcraft In Sala«. I wta alao quita lapreaaad wlth Taa k S^inpathy. whiclK in
awia form, of couraa aeasad up tha central polnt - Hollywood ia a cantar of cowardlca.
bacauaa tßay juat don't ae« to be able to find tha courage to aay i*iat naada to ba
aaid Wien tha problan is a aoclal or a aaxual ona. Tom Ua ia not Wiat tha bqya think
ha ia, and the real probleia of coirsa ia Mrs. Haynolds and har latent homoaarual huaband.
But you juat cAM»T aay auch thlnga on the acre«-on]y if the aovie ia Frmch. th« evai^-
tWng goaa, bacauaa tha good parta ura not tranaUted for tha atupid natira audlanca...
Jy the way, thinklng of l&S, 1 wunder lAiat had bean the atoiy If the problan of Ton «nd
«ra. *^olda had not becone a peraonal on» for her. The end aoluti« ia not a «l««««
for auch aituattona, not aven, real]y, for haraelf. ~I wae jSat wäSSaJlnJ ihf t wSJß"*
bappenad to m^ wtMn I vaa 15 or 16, and my »othar had not be
Mnoa in our hoo«, I jotmr had a girl Ariand north aantlonlng
-•— --^ — ""— ""-<»• * u9Twr ama m, girx xnazn iiorui »«inbionizig, «na aion'v "flOV
■gr wild oats* alther, If tha plght Idnd of glrl had coae aloi« than, I «l^ht ba 9>and-
father by non. Llfa saoa to ba a parpetual aa<iuaDe« of mlaaad (»ortunltlaa.
Well, ao Buch f or all that, md too auch it ia, I thlnk, Don't know why I taka ao
much pleasura In oorraapondlng with interaatinr and Intalllgant ralatlraa Who ara, «oatl;
much oldar than I an, ttuat ba tha dsalre to roplaea my Hwftia laa^a (I «aa VOt a ^m*9
boy, actually th» vieiy oppoalta until about 1938). But thraa othar homh ,all cualna of
ay mother or fathar, kaep witinE to ae and I to tha», and thasa eorraapooianeaa raoord
sonunhat dlaiyllke i^ impraaalona of th» moaent, and don't t*s anythli« I aay too Uta»
xally, or too aarious« I llke to be cynlcal aoaetiaoa, peztiapa too auoh haa happanad
to ms and to ua to ba peri'aetlgr nalra and to ba enjoylng ei«rything Uka a ntwbom baba*.
1 aneloaa oopiaa of tha threa fot«a of LudMlg 'a drawlng« of 9tm% Bo§m»miMm Alao a
(unfortunataly) blaok&nhita oopy of hla palntia^i (tha dolla) ikloh la In thap«aMaaloo
of Mra. OpiwnhaiaBr'a aoqualntanoa or ralatJsra in Johmxiiaiburg« I ahall aak l»r to ha^
a color negativa aacto. % tha »ay» tha anlargaaant oif thia f oto fn» a l| sl| lx»h
nagatJara, in i^ich tha ploture ia but i of th» total, ia qulta r«arkabli»
Xou ara aoat MlcoaB to kaap th aae eopiea, I hava othara«
üJKloaadalao a oopy of ay lattar to üra. Wllanaki, riio aaa« to be a vaiy intaraatlag
paraon. Too bad tbera are ao f%v of thea around«*»
I hara to oloee now if thia latter ia ater to g«t to tha Poat Offiea...
Bast of araiyttiing to you and-* *
«Tita 4^EalB, and aooiu
lov«
■*1
U^M^ 21/^^1^'^
iriMMMM
«M
. ,. « •»•««« ♦
l t
I
«
*
• *
' Ewell, 27th November 1956.
Uy dear John,
a detailed reply to your last Interestlng letter will b«
»ritten during my Chrletoas-holldayB, because there Is too nuoh to d^^«-
CU88, and I want you to have my little glft of Ludwig s works »8 soon
aa posBlble, havlng It promlBed to you so long ago.
I will ,therefore, concentrate Imaedlately on the descrlptlon«.
The flrst llno-cut (Linoleumschnitt) , showlng « dark, dlBmal stretV
In the East-end of Berlin near the Janowltsbrucke, llt up only bjf «Ml
glarlng front of a cheap department störe, haß an especlally ao«»}! ;
atmosphere through the lonely flgure on the tlghtj one of the outo»«t«
of the big City, who standö, hls hands In his pockets, forlorn In tf
bitter cold of a November night,
Wlth an Incredlble restrlction of llnes the very young artlst bft«
glven thls Impression of tils own lonely wanderlnge In the quarter of
the poor whlch attracted hlm In the short tlme of hie scholarshlp «t ^
Berliner Kunstgewerbemuseums, under Emil Orllk. . -ä,
It must have been the tlne Immiälately following hls "Phy8l©iii|^f
exanlnatlon", when he had declded to change hls medlca^ prof esalon ^^|^'
art. Roseniwelg and two other frienda had shown Ludwig s 8ketoh««;W'''
an artlsts (whose naae I have actually forgotten, but I thlnk you
find It m my artlcle about LuJwlg whlch I aent you years ago) wl
Ludwig 's knowledge, and the answer was: "Er soll die Medizin an dt»
Nagel hangen, er Ist zu schade dazu." zu "geechmacklerlaoll'*
Orllk konnte Ihn nichts lehren; er war als Kunstler VpardoD
I contlnue in Engllsh) d.h. too superficial and as a teacher ool^f
value to the puplls who devoted themselves to booj|^^rajaentattott^
broldery-deslgns, wall"papers, postera. In short aaupved art.«--^
.«**
But he was Intelligent enough to recognlze that In Ludwig
more than In hls other puplls and, Insteid of naillng hlm down io*"
school-room, he sent hlm out sketching In the open.
Th« «VAf.ßhea Laidwiff broufitht baclc he never oorrected. .
r
*
\
t-^
►
S
'-v
lÄ.
bitter cold of a November night.
Wlth an Incredlble reatrlotlon of llnee the very young artlvt
glven thlo impresBlon of hlB own lonely wanderlngs in the quarter
the poor which attracted him in the short tiae of hie Bcholarehlf^
Berliner KunstgewerbefflUBeuioB, ander Emil Orlilc«
It iDUBt have been the tiae iaioidiately following hie **Ph78l<
examination**, when he had decided to change hie medica| profeBflios
art. Roeensiweig and two other friende had ahown Ludwig e aketoheW
an artiBtB (whoae naae I have actually forgotten, but i think you '
find it in ay article about Lu.iwig which I sent you years ago) «tl^
Ludwig*8 knowledge, and the answer waB:/*Er boII die Medizin an den
Nagel hangen, er ißt zu schade dazu*** zu ••geschmacklerlBOh'^
Orlik konnte ihn nichts lehren; er war als Künstler vpardon^
I continue in English) d.h. too superficial and as a teacher ooa^
value to the pupils who devoted thexaselves tö book*orp«iBentatto
broidery-designs, wall-papers, postere, in short »ÄjÄS* art*
But he was Intelligent enough to recognize that in Ludwig
more than In his other pupils and, insteäd of nailing him down in^
school-room, he sent him out sketching in the open.
The Sketches Ludwig brought back he never corrected.
"Very interesting'* he used to eay ''Make a llnocut of it**
an etching.** If the theme was not gria he varied his expresslelli^!
appreciation to " Very amusing, very amusing.**
That was invariably all.
The time aust have been between 1908 #nd Ift^ Eventually Jt4
Orlik himself who advised Ludwig to go to-^IiOvls Corinth, for h#4
that Ludwig was at the wrong place wlth hin.
Corinth proved to be a fallure as a teacher for Ludwig im* wf
The few oonths L, stayed with him were wasted; Corinth gave hla
all the tizne not more than one Single advice as follows:
The pupils had to do a charcoal*drawing after a nude. LudW|jf ,,_
centrated so hard on the he^d that he- had not done au^^tUing eise wlÄ
the aaster bent over his sketching block. ••Well - he sald - now I
should try •fdaÄr^aifze auf die gleiche Hohe au brtngenl^*
It istqult^ Strange that I am now cooing into |,he pioture.
In tjpOS % was a young girl of 16 and had several glrl-f rienda IXy \^
Orlik-clasB who told ae a lot about the other puplle« I have now te
conf ess a weakness of my youth: I was very fond of handaoae young «
and ay friend Elsa Nicklass used to tease me about it. I reaaaber 4
tinctl^ that she said one day to ae:
•l know ßoaebody whoa you would like - he is quite striklpc^-
Witt brown eyea. But unfortunately I could not approach hla to iaii
him hoae - "we do all not exist for hia. He Is out all day sket
and speaks to nobody - he is also older than the others, he had
before." »^ **^ **«**
The Person in question could have been no other than
whoa I should meet fully 22 years later.
ProB the saae period dates the Lithograph of the workati
wnarf nt«r the same Janowlttbrucke «t the Spree-tlver. He waa il»
tlrely aelf Uught; a youth of about 21. It la a noet beautlfuX j
ID the handTlng öf the dl«firent ehadee of llght and darlcneaB. I«,
la aeen Single - the whole la a feverlahly aet down lapreasloO of
moioent.
.W'^
I
L
^ ^ The etchlng of the Scout (?) wlth hla dog la. of oourae
ouch later data. I could not teil ij|»n It waa done, but I dar.
nenber that L. told me that it waa Ikeouted at Prankfurt a.O..
>-
«
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i
MO'i
of life^M'?;e'L'^;i:?;a?j:n'"fha1 ^tj^ Jlth-the- ,.*iie^lS eo füll
rooffl. It 18 an orlalnal akatoh oJ^ J ^t^^^^ ^°" *° ^^e It for four
fiao «iBcholar of the ffunAt«-«*WK-vM T*' Y * *"* an^4i»ch$t*ct and
>Ag]}e
i?ut alsa his cousin^J : jno
«•»
e
»"f -t" - -^:a.i?e\"rr iu".:pvr- ^^^^/T
■^f
•^,P«lr Of forgotten lSv-!ii!if^ «"-cooker, frightful dSd^Kin^
j^ ^ ^ • f"^ —w cur «TLlsf
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lut ai/io his couBln^^ jf'>o
n f
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not knowlns it) holdlng Agnee^ uttl * ^already sufferih« blit *
''^'^»''^^"'^'•ouBlj hi, ,ho[. ir?e^'''r^"li«?™» «hloh wäre to '' .
ru«hed at . runnln, iiter fr" a Bnn.T,".??!*"'*^*^^ "''™ Jun«, h4 '
hospltal gat#i.
ot tha POOP to ba iat In ,tj o'cloolc.
L>*<Ma-8t a nure«
«■'«■■
«w^u ueii, liow well I röpfiii +u^ ^j. '** ntfBnfL " torture of th« z^^v*
or at Meudon, overhun^r wJ^?h JL^^f aftemoons we apent at%t pi! ? "'
th« woret disease of the int«-*!' ®"^ ^^ tumed out to b« coiV?? ,
«nd Incurable where ev!^, ^?^"®^ ^o*" to oankind th! *^°^5^^» ulceri^jxt,,
For a flhorf ^^®^^ ^P°^ ^fl crowded with bi«f^.^® '"^^^ PalDful '
tormented hnf ?u 1^°®' ''^en we eoigrated *i^!j^''l««dlng ulcera....
«Ot so nian„ ._..../ °°""'l«i«s four) dootnr.« /l !? ??dl<!li)«8 and
oveijtuaiiy hls arteries broki»
/
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d he hBd only two arterlee left tocfeed the heart with blood. ille-
Ukee over mlBtakee were oade in the treataent by the doctors; they
°-^9U'^HM9 9t:9^limf$HP§ witb«{t>:hJ.sjBjiAl6 Mn$-ibiüe Äodih*vioölced
^irfv,* °^^^^'9j^P.i^l fto>?fWj4pctoi?,,^h«ggedj||i«f;dlttiofiUi.cautftJof hli
death was eventually anglna Pretoria. "^
Bi*t .,f 5öygh,iPf , Jl^i^8a»irjfuiii>hf»e> ::Iftri8-«l|fi»yeriBOWX MT
aai sending you some snaps of the family and hope that you will «ive
•^'^;jl;i^¥rf?i''"i^"^.?^^*^^^^*^^ «^^ y*»'^'' wlfe, ae.I havejalready one of
I remember h"äVTng, seeo ,%t.phptPi.Pf.>yeUkMhen"a böyn-.i'achealthy strov^
youDgBter with a round face - can thle be? We correeponded at that tliae«
with your parentß who aeked us to find a Prench faally who would llke
- ..nB<>u*^<3<9P'' your «P4ive« far flie^Ijt»efl»ejBb«r,th«3t. täld «»/höwiiioeüöal you •
»-;^*^J®j aJWd.« Bach^ <But.Ften,ch ;f4»Uif*i .wera^lf fact, i»»ätiltt»ih#lpfül
^-^ . "*?:9+f,B^<iu^9 i¥;Vft4d fttPffla«r:j;en8i4» Äuott«-»» .pofts.tbI»iiaivew^th4 Prench
jewry was a nasty %9t and etjOßß^d. iK^iag helpfui wh«Ä.th«.y i>reali*ed ^that
v: »i?^^^ ^^^^^ "ot ««ILft f.r,Oi%^^««.t,FU^hxtJil^e«i«er?lsp«'«a<ü..v^ry^soon about
Mü^ici*^. .«^»^«P'^ing ,thf, ,^4S«l.gra.te4 Jewl^l».«lTla,,iitflBat »erdltuppöaed to be
*n l^rge parte In hdagl^^B^ »Mff ejpi«« frqia ceirtaiä' b«4 'di-setfeee!- f "
v>,^,r - ■.Ä4?''^*-?A''^lf^'^^"*^'^ how.the JSngliB» betwved^ a^^theeauie tlJie .
xney would hlde thelr faces In Bhauje. I could telOiyou fatottf- ana facta
r
I
>ll'>V^- -?^^^^ #iJ4itk^r .fj'o«.,Äpr^xJ«U«pkl «Alch told
She. 86eIOe<i'verrV.-^<Dl0a»ed with .Itr' ar>/1nadmt)r«H. v^i.*ir: trtihJ)'»«
tiie gehulne ^
"^ ' >r?''?Ä^wS5K":>>^l5®s ••^l>«il her-iji«fe and tp-.'write Itett
her
well äß Bf aut^-
Jeraato" M;;f3f ^0)pÄ)c''f ^53f '»■• •• 9»^ Je ,. , p^ftaae J QPt; , angr J ' wi
JmaJL
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.'^(i'f^v. '^^^rfrr Wfiw I h«ve go b^oÄnto-rdutln^i düey 'and *
I^hope to an^w^p y,qur Ust Idtten i» >Äi^tft weefce
or;»'", in«
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J<*n Smot Uüiter
rtbnwT 17, iiyr
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thanks f or your nio« long lütter of tbe. ?Ist of Jan. | ihloh joa
thottld taare addrase^d to ^y neu dooiloll«» 191$ Borthvood Apartments^lo, Cwpa0|
UnlTeraity of Mlohigan, Ann Arbor, Mlob., slnoo I w oarUin I havo vrltttt
to you fron her« alroady, to aoknoiil«dK# tho dravlngt »d oopies of Ludwig^ •
works, irtiiob you m%T% so good to aand to na. I an sure Z vrot« to you thtt
I had oopies of Ik a few of theea already^ but I could b« wrong« 1 do fcnow that
I wroto to you in tble houaa of ours (a rentod 2-bedroom apartmont-*hoiue) •
Wall| anybowi I ftel Tery sorry for both of you for having to liTa with a er«ik«
I know that kind of people that can make lifo miserable foranybody with an ounoe
of brain« CanH you teil her to «well 1 gueae you would have to nore out of tlM
houee«
Ah| reatoring Van Oyoke' ougbt to be better thtn aitting arouad at hoMit
So nany original Dutoh and Spaniah palntings are being diecoTaredi one in e\u*prlaed
that ao nany of them are genuine. 1 thought Van de Meeradb did a «onderflul tbing^
but he ougbt to hare been honest to tell^ at least after the war^ whldi onea wert
copiea« X wouldn't aind a oopy of a Reabrandti if It is done well, ts slong aa X
adfflit that it is not an original« But people are funny^ they like to be fooladt
But these are not the good old days.
Of all the Italianx writers y u aention» only Pirandello left a aark oa
ae. ^is^Six Persons in Search of an AAthor* was gl Ten in the Berliner Koltwtesid
in 1936 or 1937| and it was a terrifio play. I still thlnk he waa poklng flua a%j
those oTerly slnoere writera wbo thlnk they aust alwtys teil the truth^
indioata «hen fiotion ia fietica. Life is Tery auoh like the laat a^eae la
play, wbea the aotor really shoots^ and kills, for good — jast «lian it waa to
*only a play^
• • • '•
,*■
-5
If you are 6$ (I dida' t «wer reallae it) and atiU yoong and pretty^^ yoa
aoat haTe found tha eliaiar that faust was after. Let ae know what it is« Xevith
is as auch a aantal oonditioa aa "Aaerieanlsa" is a stata of aind. For that aattari
aoat oonoapts in polltias ara. But what does one do ahen one hlres a young glrl
off say, 19f aa I dld a aoath ago^ end suddenly re^ised that I hed graduatad
froa the Qyaaaaiua (Uittlara Reife) bafore ehe waa bom...t
young.r tö« Juli.t. She i. Llnftfit^H T* ^^^'^ °^ ehildr«, bat moAlj
tha Show In Washington, you can't do anvthfn, f w ?*. ^**^ ^^ '^n« ««7» nm
Deaocrats would be in Juat ^Th^g a «ess^^n'vo fJf I^"^ '^°'' ^*^ ^«
.ay and do - «or. fo.sJl. th.re tht> I^'j^^^'j^.J^.^f ^ °^ »^^^^ ^«^ Senator.
I hate ''olLlr.T^^lAr.xZ.Tl^^^^^^ ^'^f' -i- it at .11.
whlch you tu« it off.. TV bare i. juat onXn J ^ ''*''^'° " ^^» ^°^ «^i^h
■•ntenipt«! hare ud ther. by a lol? Uli !i! \^ °^ ' "*" °^ ooa"..ercial8,
Id Jok... Th.re 18 onrTeJy'gJS serlH of'^h'o^^'o* fJ^' ''*" ^^'' ^ ^•^
•o-a and .ggh.ada lika «p,^? righTnoV ll ^^V ^'^Z' ^'j^ .t' ±1,^^'
V
.>w
buy a good e%t, whlch runs around fti^OO. And likc jourself, I can't get axiU
OT#r who-don««-itte and danolng giids (ours wear aore than yourt, It •••ms)
W# too hAT# top playi , onpe a week, with tha graat aotora (AwHila hack thay
had Joan of Are with Jolle harrli, wlth ay old Irlend ßorla Karloff aa—of all
thinf», Cauchon. M Ruth aaw it and sne thought ha waa exoellent. If thay oould
only tcaep him from eternally being oast aa Frankanatein. • . Saaa happanad
fcr far too -ong to Baall Rathbonei the etemal(prolably tha original)flolBaa. • .
I never heard of Lovecraft. Wbo heT I see that you ,too, are a Rllka fan.
He haß become very well known here ^ince the Vvar, why i cion^t knoa. But »evaryb(
talkfc; ab ut him, and eeveral books of and about him h&ve come out recently, in
tra: sletlon of course. ITiat non't do. I lored his Cornet, but k: cw littla eise.
The utterly romantic-mystic line never appeeled to me lor long, i aiL too much
of a realist to get lost aniong the stara* Even Wolfskehl is aentioned here BO«e-
timee, tnd T'-^efan George, that old hound, hac be«n retraneiated iately. Don't kn
why, his atuff is pcrhaps farther away froj; anything appealing to Americans than
evett OUT Vfc-.ry ov»n crazy nut Esra Pound, the (jevfcl can htve him. Ezra
ic stiil ir the Insane tsyium -v-here he celon^:s, he wts perheps the neares
thing to a convincea native American Nazi tn&t this coiintr>' coald produce.
Enoug."! fcr now.
Best regards tc Faul, and a good trip to
sunny(?) italy
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Wy dmmr Lottt^ fplT^f^
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^; -^ ^ flnally ahlt to kmd you 4 copy, howtv#r, muli3f>t
paintinf of ih« tvo childrteA« dollf. ii he« a' peculiar chann, «r«g t^'^^
little hftlr ie miwing on top of one of the dolls, becaue« th# foto w^«B^
quiU •XÄctly the slte of th# pai- ting, bat the^ dld a ffc,ir Job,
on th« fact.^of tne one dolle aeems to htre bean od trie üegiti^^A
^^^■■^w
;i-:<:
paiAtlnf^ or oouraa«
•»< .' '-.
' Ur«. Jppentteüi teils oe th*t It v«a bought ty Dr;
K&ssttl» raoFt likely In 19a, 6!4 It »eeae to hnv« ' -mo out of tw«w,
period. lÄT*. Liil baumMm Iß «tili' f-lir», th« wldow, and it hunul
1 her hoae. Dr. Jtrr,6t 1b & ret^hwr of ..ir». uppenheia. — •
s
•*■*.« -s ..
I hfcTehad ioi ^nlLi^gement aide Uxdtxftxhgcxjcft S x lö).
beoAue« tne rr&me.Si.d to.b« hlo»-, tr.d «11 ti:»t, but «orth *r9n p«qm
DO» ,;rftc«8 our cnildrsn»» room, cnd Jullet lores it. So bft#f. 36 y«adi
lout.d « j1«»« Llso ip>ud»ig«6 ovn fsmii;,, too b..<| it ieo't the «i^iMZ
' "■ heematly oae of Lddwig»i5 <»dver««rie» .-*steü As«y, th«
th« be»«l«a iluMU«. i. Qe»r It »i.l be er.ltr6«d to becooie th« Isr»«!
fcluMua «nd Art Q«llery, or soaet.lng o< tnat ^1«. ^.c. r« tu« ifU^
OQghlB« i.ud»ig to the «xtent of giriu^ aim rooa in taac ne« »Jtmm^
*4tad« ■ ' ■ /■■^^*
iour lri«nd in isra«! hi.«n»t writt«n ae jtt, but jou 6Ald
tia«y ao 1 «ill ju,8t Sit bfcojt and »klt.
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I h«T«. th« n«gatii^ of th« painting, and if yöu Uk»
Uli. a aarg«p.copy, you »iil b« mt ..«icoa«. i «il> E:«nä you tii« t "^
* .■*^**P<'^°«^*«» ..^ c«'t ^fford to htT« fcnoth«r «nltr^ament »Mit Ol
-••ii
'^ . .•»-
:«^.^y^^
jr. •• .
iif ?? •;
1 a« writJji^ to you *hixe listaning to tnat hearfely fbio« oH
^^xv much limentad i^athiaan i^errlar,* TTe will bu^ one >y one Ul that isb« bSy
corcied, for anch b Toice doearH come felon^; but once acentun-V fhut V piti
to die so yo;4ig.., -*" • t^- -^
♦n.
. .^ ' •''°"' *'-«»^» ^ 'niist cloee fcr, today. It'e .atp tnd ther» if gopaoo anoh
to »rite yet, m- ccrrespo- .ence is tjetting .irger tne less I /rit«, 'Ooa't kh<»% how.
.ncre ure i.>i.. 3 ..eoole c.£r-ing for irJor.ai.t/ion ar.;; evcn ^ avlce, if not' g«n«&logl0ia
tatn i.aiiiteiioal...Taif ictter, -or rut.ier bot., .r.e n- hobblefc, th«v &rtt iob« lihlah
pay n~t.ir.g). — - ^w*'» %«**•»!
-onf.-, cnd vrite sron ^-rJüin, pit.e..e. : ' . •
&
f.
V'itii Tirry • est «ishas cÄd i^^tc
;^'
• 1
'^..•-.
^« •
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V .
ar friend John,*
Bwell, t4th Uay t957.
that he
of joy and showe clearly horl^h Lud:ig?s Ja^r^tl^n« T' "^^'^ ?^ ^"^
colour. It is a beautlful nlece ami t fS« ?? H?5« depend on thelr
It would have looked In the new ?ncvnloS«^f * *lth grlef how raarvellous
Bernard S. Myers In New York whlch^? h?^^^ V^ Paintin-j, edlted by
Of Ludwig - but such alfur^Sauer-KiLohff^""^?.!"*^ preaently. No\ord
aientioned,whose rubblsh T «.w ^^7^ f ^^'^^ ^^^® Jankel Adler are
n.odernlsts who reallv are not worth'«t'^?i 'J ^l^^^* ^"^ ^^^h«'* doubtful
generatlons. There vou are «v«« t ^\ ^° ^® ^®P^ ^^ ^^e meaory of 1
n.ud instead of co1ou?b and whole exhlM?ion"f 't' '^^'°"" ^^° P«^"^« ^^
llfetin^e was a coi^pleL ?airurr(Ludiis Jhou^ht not^ ^^^'^^ ^"'^^^«'^
very nearly told hin. so) Is preserved for thf fu?ni«^ ? °J ^^^ ^"^
the Old ^stere have to^uffL. i^rfthe^onoirnT iate.l^?? " '"' *'^^
An^ t^.'^^'^ ü°^ ^"°* ^^'^* ^^® corpses a*»e^^^S?ill able to naint'
Milan where he was director of the Acadeiay " settied In
the "BUT^ «Li^°!^ °^ l^nowledge conÄerning'the Americak language that
Mye?8 oZ o? tho«i%n? "^"r"^\°«l? However, . what about sending to Mr.
M^ers one of those coloured photos of Ludwi« s DoIIb ann ton ?i™, JZ l
there has been a real painter whose name is^n danger ?o bl for^Stten?
. PerhapB he i. conteaplatins another editlon? One nfver know« ^ ^
in .yrousfa^"a tVa? '^^^^:r:^^^ lll^'T^: '':'' ^^^ ^^^^^^^^
declded to interrunt lu^t ^«1«*!: , * ^ ^^ ^^® ^'^^^^ evening I
gift. Toa,orrSw rno?hei cellln^lB^^o Tl^V ""'^ "^ «PPreciated your
to paint. I don^ know, tüngf \l the En^??!i^ ^^l^^'ll'' ^^"«' «"^ ^oors
done and every eprlng u\^'"?L'L.'e%a:grL:Les^hlorr:%"^ "^"^"
alone on ay own Shoulders as Paul and iIinL »« ?f ? ^ '^®**" "°*
Do you hear occasionaUy f?o^ nSdi^ie h.J^ f ^ ^^^ ^°"8 ^° ^°d«n '
each other: Rudl's letters Lvl «i.o^ k ^^^® «^^®" ^P *rlting to
that I was'so.eti:eB%'l'Iou8':boSt :ro^''°nd^\s?w??t^ \4 ^^^^
fflust, I am afrald f«ei nv^ +>.«♦ «.^ *v, ®P "'•^^ wrltings to hin. You
amount Of wSrk that n ieally 'tno !u.r^ ^"' ^ hjve the excuse of an
--ana still it has\o'S; do*e!'^eS^:l Lg V^ealtlJJ'^o^Jor^St'^ "^
work". i^ay bet bSt ?he?e^xms such f ? L'^?;^"'' ^'"^ '''*'" ^°° '»"<^»^
and I aifl not so very f^? a^av from ?t pf ? ^^^%^ nervoua breakdown
to cur holidays in Italv hllLi,T ^. ^^""^ ^"'^ ^ ^''® looking forward
anc the eist of p^.ro? L df^^Jnished bf fh'''?''' '\^'' «oins^y car,
friend.. of ours ?o share tL t^a^el exoenses Se^ff^' '° ^f"" '*°
Swi.3 frontier via ^^^l^^i^ an^bl^k^on tdi^^f^reJlt^^^St:^^
' •^^•••«•»•c*«
f f f i l
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Mdqpiojiuiei
Dear John . pleaee do not ^enn ae any aore coloured photoa, this one lo
quite enough. Bul; I should lllce very auch to have a Lall snap of your-
seif and of your faaily, because I cannot iaÄglne how you are aade
^"Sü^v,®?°^*A*^ always Picture you to myself as a youngish aan wlth'rathcv-
dark halr a la brosse, .xfei86lE-riaaed eyeslassee and ?ery fair complexieT
even with rosy cheeks. Is that so? I aa looklng horrlble now, but when '
Ludwig was atill there I thlnk I was not bad looklng at all.'l had then
1!^ r^*^^''® which I have lost slnce I a^ In England, the country
!S!r®/i-^ people eat too auch. AU ay efforts to get sllaaer are j.u
what I looee one aonth I put on the next agaln, so I nearly have «Iv
up to look decent. But Paul and Lalnie and ail'ay dear little Inimal
love me all the saae and that Is a coofort. xiLtie aniiual
It Is after mldnight now, Paul In in bed and hopes that
stopping typing because it disturbs hia.
So I will finish for now.
tS°beBri?«hJ/?nJ vo.f ^^''^^^^^'' y<^"^ icindness, dear friend, arad all
tne Deat wisnefl for you and your dears at home.
ven ^
8
I aia so^ru
Evei^fyours with love
oCh^l
-ICH x^izino c.^.^ iu>siu.\ ::j •• ,:ia3ri dc *ni^q ,^i^I^eA* a^»/ ort// ,«ne '^n . nciJavioj;! liien
•i'r-
le*.
or
I.;
°^ ^•'"-J^e °2lYiiJy^V?^'^'^*' '^''^'^^*'''^**^''^^*^ #Ciiftra»ar..<«irf|MA
llfe.
T){«b ,.TdV9 ^xinoiiiriw ^^ jooi
Thls and other iett.ra of your« s&ow U»«t taere siapiy is no way of a?ri?lng ut an
f4%oa«trlc
;iff t a«
)^ ."*rt"
*!^£>^HV94 Heabrtindt
I
1'
«^-tU* IpfW« of Th«o. it 18 really «aazln« to find tnat the tru« artlst hbs »iAÄye '->en
n«Hr .urvfctlon. Rub«»e, «ho w&t we*ltdy, p^inttd flesh, both human md 4ni«*i hon
fi'S^r^! t"*^^' ^i"*'^ P^intere .. Uiohelängelo or Titla« wm rarely a^.^a'eoiaed
In their tine. 1 cannot naae you a Single Aneriean or british or franch Dalntir no«
llTlng iKio is worth a damned. And since »e are talking about Jmii^JmSt tfte s«^e
18 true In israali there is a kind of In-fifabting ana jaalousy in Israeli oircl«« th^k
'-c^Plc ^^^^ •ö.ieÄfl^.a-iii^^^y l^ «^ ft m'^s ^Ji»W ^^ riinr ihS?^U%r^airwaere
■^•^t.^ *»«K*«o^-Jbh*rd>ea«rt»qudri«y/^a^ J. ''^
le from
bjTi^oblsms
30411 .ai^t^^^vfOi^S*;^
look at t^urohlll «Tarj day? .sU. To ^* 4 bas .sacri
^BL >I lo «JiLoMit,MA4 ^ntt-^«^»«py «"««^»oUiJiyÄcIta» tfii fiigi^ira ia bwk in Jahann«<u.
9:;Jb4»aooxi« aA •^♦l'«^-^-i»-n«.tIUi*l|3l|^BÄn|»föri8ltaei 4J;*i^ S^tidafS^iwuT
.^^ei#4«5ottfe4l.airt4%illifii4d*4^lioiTin^aia^flggigfi^i,g^g,w^ä;;5{g,jg5^g2lJ?^^^
but In London or kav Xork. Ho» about itt
^q Je.-, ciRady iMt« id^üi-4 oÄ8Ww€#oiIin*'^i|iiiitteT-2^yWi*s^ätf6^.tia'-I^HÄilW^
Aflnarioan
aifa,
'.siiered
.-**..w »*^«bvvi A jrt;«rB ago fDQ'x iin»i2y ar.snered
'y!«dr. öii Mrthäay--';*=*M5.f2^H§| fÖ^fc S'^Juna and
- - ^ c«a.^ii.dno ■ the ^rily^dünet^ öf Wd*lg Jona* jtintingi^ij I«iti8i^fflr8%yi!^s?f^!v^«.r
elr
-3-
July 5i 1 Ml gl*d to h«ar th*t you h»d & ohano« to ••• »o «ueh b««uty in auoh
good Company (1 um rel«rlng to your tnen forthcoalng trlp to it*ly). Our n«xt-door
neighbor for thenext two aonths 1» t unlvereity prof«86or from Sydnty wbo oaoe h«r«
via Europ«, on a study tour, and he showed us Bom« wonderful slides (an amateur
photographer who doas bettar than oany proi •saionalsj . Vanica wa« really tarrlflc
and though I have saan many piotures and «un qulte faailiar »ith tha beautles of xtaly
^ nad a terrible urga to paoK up^and go over to turopa again. Wa are, as usual
snort on traval aoney, so we won t go ariywhare fa»t, but once Mark 1« 8 er % l'llka
to Uke UB four over for a six-mor.thß atay or so. Mo use going from one place to the
other too f&at. i lilce to eae ^m and ^erusaiem, also Paris (altho gb i hate to see
&r^ place twice) - Paris ought to be visited Oüly by people without a faaily X haar
that the Pigaile na» become a t^uuist trap Vfor Aaericans, the aost gul^ible uneducated
llliterate and boastful people when they travel abroadj . i guess i was the only '
Aineriean in uriform who risited -ontmartre and Pere i*acaaise (four weeks after tha
lioeration) , ana who stopped in Hneims to see the incredible beauty of its catheclral
you coulda't ver^ weil aiss it oecaase tne main highway wer.t rlght around it - but «y
Drothers did not stop except perhü^ps tocurse the obstrucUon. . . X aa not «fdieva in
my pholosophy, but i thinx i understand a little of the spirit wbioh bullt tbese enommou.
aonuneats — It iras the samefor ae in üenmarti, in Belgiu«, in Germany itself. Thia
oountr>-, rtiicn aas do alstory paet l6^)ü, is oiissing something retj valuable, aitho^h i
lind that 1 icnaw wnat it is, i can't expiain it to tnese bloody natiras here...
Tha description of miaa (your ioaginatioo; is horribie, dear. 1 aa stocky. about 5U«
■ruddy" ooaplexion, dark brown hair and beautiful biue eyeB. My glasses. «hioh 1 have *
womsince 19^2, are iight-rimaed, i hate tha "intellectual" blaek hora fraaes. 1 shall
send you a foto of myself , not the worst one, just a oheap one, 1 have had no pwtralts
aade sinoe i got «arriad (whatever tnat will indicata, i hate to think of). i havt
no good pictu e of huth, but i as planning to hava a faaily snot aade once the weather
colls of. i never haard of British people eat ng too auoh. iiow ean
•oook« vagetable. British cuisina is tne »orst of thaa all, bar nona.
thay, tha wa> they
If i don't Ehut up no» I never will. * hava 45 more lettars to
answer, aora or less wlth tha sama axeusas, but sinea i raraly writa to anv two paoola
about the saae aattars, do not fear that this letter is a eopy of Ul tha others; I have
«Iways be«n slow in aaking friends, and the fact that wa are related, oy atrriage as it
is, aeans nothing in this case (1 have too aany relatives i can do without), for it is
entiraly the person, the individual, who counts wlth me, and I know you feel ta saae
way. Most ciyilized people do, whioh is one roason I cannot get warn with most natives
hare. i hate the friondlysuperfioiality, the empty aa talk. the lack of really good
conversation. Most of our dinn-r Company in all those years >ere people froa othar lands
«ot all of theo, there are i»mericuna who are persona, not just statistios. Put they are
hard to find, even in a university town like this one. So ve remain etemal rebeis
against conforaity, and natoraliy tnis lebds to s volur tary Isolation wnich is not Uwi^vs
as bear.able us i would wlsh. The obiidren con't liave that probiea, Laey »il' plty ^It
any.>ody, und thfexrs wij.1 be t..^ kindgoa tos come - i: t-.cy wi-it loig ♦^nou,.-h
(
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^^ fbt-Cß^
mxAji. <^^^'*^ lU'Hi ''^.^^ • *3u a.^"'^'<jt« j /uf>
'>T)-u^ ^<-a^ ^^^^ <3^ 0 (fU^Xx. n> ^.
r^^ ( t/<r^ Ü>k€ 4c oL, ^^-y^ '^^^-^^^ /^^^Mj.
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frVO-tw "J-frtt^
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/•Im H«ir7 RlthUr
AA,
t<
AvgMt 4, i960
1^ d««r LotUt
# aj ^^^f^?-v* »'i*^«! iß *«•»> «nd n«ith«r htcn you. Ih« last I hMn) ••.
bLi^'thi: 2;.^ ^'^ '^'^^ with Rudy 1« luiy, and -harrpi.i:«i:'iV.ir2a;:'
bMn - thi. Um« I »a. r«ally «rloua. Bat th«n, on« can«t har« •▼•lythlaf. If m.
had no oup childran wa nad mrt «onay.would traral and «1J07 a di far^tklnd of llf.
but afUr all wa «aatad a faaily, and bara It, all of itand iora/and toaraS« «*d '
Jf« L ^'k!!? «o •■ I- I^^ i» bu«y •• «ny «othar & houaawifa U, and llS in our
«op, but than if , if . wa liva in a big 7-roo« houaa, rantad of oouraa, «d lik« it.
Iran gat uaad to tha Miahigan mt»» of a »aaihar. ^^
• * * .
.. t Wall, all Jii» ii imiaiportaat ta Tiaw of tha aneloaad aonr imwmxam «h.
Pjuoity) of a lattar 1 r.caivad fro. tha widow of Fr«i. f!^J^^^. TyiJ^ ^l
iJV \l<«;:*i««/»-i«ndahip batwean tha tao aan, and mah nora than XwaS told
.a«.about. SowtUa. I ean't undarst«d *iy tha only'ath.r intaUig«noW.S?
!i*i ^r^^^PJ^ •*»««* '»^« oldest brothar, «ho »aa by far tha «>at gif tad all of th,
? ^ L !?.•''•**! •"■* *°**^ ^^^ ^'y^« ^ locataaaythini aboat Lodwig. and timaHr
1 abaii writa to har brothar-ln-law (do you know hla? OttoStraiMiffi)
and aak ni« «hat ha aan tall. I alao will t«y to f liwi tha widoTof ShrSSJfbai
! *! r ***i?»15»t» •»< P«rhapB oaa of yoia- ftianda, or aCMOlOSX. «Mld in
■aka a P»«>to«rapho f thia raaarkabla piatura. Or do you hara a aopyt* Sla U
,, _^ , , ^•^ ■• ^°*ow i^atoan ba dona. 1 aa atarting a VHI thoxouck aaarih of
ÜJJ^^^"**"* !** ***• ""*^^3r thropough Imdax to Oaraan and IntamatiSalpartoSaala
TS« t;!^!^: ^ JrT"" ^*^* «"^^i-»»«*» ^o*- y«». (mtamational.. SütSSg^^hi
«LmÜ ^^ '?f ^*/*r*' "■ * •^~ ra—bar tha oorraot titla. Bmt thlaiTar
SSirAf r^JjT^^i' i* «•* ••P^*' «^ «V «d au rarlawa or .antioalBg« or Soto-
Sn^!r?L l^M* 'J!*'/'^ tha yaar 1. I intand to put it all togath^anTifTor
will writa a biographioal aaaay, wa aan publiah it (ahaaply). n»a raal proWa. ia tha
paintinga, alnoa black-whita juat won»t do. Wamuat gat color nagatiraa.
UOW iBOüT TUITT
nobody arar haard of Ludwig inthia country? Ära wa raally tha laat two wbo^att
L Mf i^^^ Tk^' 'Trr'^ JS^"«»dor to hara acolor JggatlirLd. ofth^^ting
in hia st ;dy. Mayba ha will coaia throughwith it, alnea it w nH coat hin a OÄtTmyhow.
LoTa and baat wirtiaa and graatinga, alao
to Paul»
.1
1
L
Iwell, den 31. August 60.
lieber John Henfy,
■■ N
ich muöste erst einige Zeit verstreichen lassen bevor
ic.i Ihren letzten Brief beantworte, da ich hin und wieder erwägen mus^
was ich dazu sage. Es ist gewiss riedig lobenswert und ungewöhnlich wie
stark Sie sich für Ludwig einsetzen, aber ich furchte Ihre Ideen sind
einfach nicht in kalte Praxis umzusetzen. Da iai erst mal und am Wichtig-
sten Ihre lüde mit 1er Biographie. __
Eine Biographie eines I^RHraTlInbelcann t en ^uhstl er s / (heute]R hat über-
haupt keinen Sinn wenn sie nicht vorwiegend aus Abbildungen, und zwar
farbigen, besteht. Ein, zwei oder drei farbige Reproduktionen sind mei-
ner Meinung nach absolut ungenügend unr' wiir^len kein Bild seines Lebens-
werkes, das Jetzt überall in Ländern zerstreut ist, geben. Das hiesse
also farbige Photographien von seinen Bildern in London un^^ in Israel
In der Hauptsache. Meine PreudÄln Prau Wilenski in Jerusalem hat mir ge-
ra^ heute geschrieben dass man zu dem Zweck der Parbenphotographie die
ganzen dort befindliche,: Werke nach 'ier Schweiz schicken müsste und sie
schreibt mir wö'rtlich: "Ich habe von Ur. Strauss erfahren dass ein Ver-
wandter von Ludwig aus Amerika mochte oeine Biographie schreiben und
dazu farbige Bilder iiöchen (eine Art Kunst-mappe?). Ks v/Jire sehr schon
und ich bin b-rtit üie b sten Bilder '/.u sammeln und farbige Photps zu
machen (er muss farbigen Pilm schicken). Ich v/ollte sowieso im "intcr wiec
der eine Ausstellung machen vmi Ludwigs Bild.,r saimneln. Eine Kunstmappe
jf^ von Ludwigs Bildern muss hier zwischen ..5__;::__8__Tausend kosten, da farbige
Platten muüsen in der Schweiz geu^tacht werden und vöh (lefrijriginalen
und nicht voxi Photos". - Hier in London kostet allein die Kopie eines '' o
Parbenphotos 6 sh 6d - nu.. habe ich keine Ahnung wieviel die farbigen
Reproduktionen in dem Heft kosten würden, denn, wenn esA)hnen sollte,
mu;;sten doch mindestens 100 Exemplare gedruckt werden. Glauben Sie wirk-
., lieh dass ein Verleger ein teuer; zu druckendes Buch riskieren würde wenn
ein pekuniärer iJrfolg mehr als zweifelhaft ist?! Offen gestanden ich
kann meinem Mann, der sein Brot sehr, sehr schwer verdient und nicht ein-
mal in der Lage ist uns ein Heim für uns selber zu sch-iffen - wir leben
im Haus das zum gro'r.oten Teil meiner oo wag er in gehört und es ist ein
hollisches Leben f\ir beide von uns, da sie ein urmiÖglicher, streitsüch-
tiger, boshafter \md falscher Mensch ist - soll ich ihm zumuten eine
für uns unerschwingliche Summe auszugeben um - vielleicht - nicht einmal
einen Verleger zu finden oder, wenn, vielleicht nichts als ein oder zwei
wohlmeinende Kritiken zu erhalten?? Das wäre nicht in Ludwigs Sinne.
Das Schlimmste int, dass wir die infrage stehende Biographie Ja ohne die
rarbl^en Bildbei^aben «arkeinem Verleger anbieten können, da er nicht
c
,-^.
f
\ _
»
machen (er mu^y farbigen Film .schicken). Ich wollte sovvieso im viiitcr wie(
der eine Ausstellung machen uni Ludwiga Bild.,r sanuneln. üine Kunstmappe
von Ludwigs Bildern muaa hier zwiöchen,^_j;_8Tausend kouteu, da f.irbige
Platten muüoen in der Schwel?, gen;^cht werden vuici V6ri '16ff~0riginalen
und nicht von Photos". - Hier in London kostet allein die Kopie eines ' i]
farbenphotos 6 sh 6d - nu.. habe ich keine Ahnun^?- wieviel die farbigen
Reproduktionen in dem Heft ko.;ten wurden, denn, wenn es/(ohnen sollte,
mu^;aten doch mindestens 100 iixemplare gedruckt werden. Giauben Sie wirk-
lich dass ein Verleger ein teuer: zu druckendes Buch riskieren würde wenn
ein pekuniärer erfolg mehr als zweifelhaft ist?! Offen gestanden ich
kann meinem Mann, der sein Brot sehr, sehr «chwer verdient und nicht ein-
mal in der Lage ist uns ein Heim ftlr uns selber zu schaffen - wir leben
J'^^y^u^^'^s zum grö.'.oten Teil meiner 3c-wagerin gehört und er, ist ein
hollisches Leben f\ir beide von uns, da sie ein unmöglicher, streitylich-
tiger, boshafter uni falscher Mensch ist - soll ich ihm zumuten eine
für uns unerschwingliche Suimne auszugeben um - vielleicht - nicht einmal
einen Verleger zu finden oder, wenn, vielleicht nichts als ein oder zwei
wohlmeinende Kritiken zu erh?aten?? Das wäre nicht in Ludwigs Sinne.
Das Schi imniste i^t, dass wir die infrage stehende Biographie ja ohne die
farbigen Bildbeigcaben garkeinem Verleger anbieten können, da er nicht
eine Katze i.a Jack kaufen kann. Also die enormen Kosten fallen allein .-uf
meinen Mann. Ich will sogleich an Rudi schreiben was er dazu sagt.
iiin Freund von Rudi in Italien hat vergeblich versucht hier einen Ver-
leger für sein /erk (mit Abbildungen) von dem Maler Pankok zu finden,
das m Deutschland gedruckt wurde, also nur ein (viel billigerer) Zwen-
druck. Ich habe itim zu helfen veryucht aber keinAVerleger an die ich
schrieb hat mir auch nur geantwortet. Ludwig gehört zu 'den Post-Impres-
sionisten - eine .'eiterentwickelung von Cezanne r und es wird lange Zeit
■iuf sie zurückgreift und ihren V/eft erkennt. Hier ist
loganannt
vergehen bis m,an luf sie zurückg^^^x v, ^,y, xm cn ^xiv^. ericenn-c. nier ist
man entweder nur in alte Meiyter - aus Spekulationsgrunden - oder in
coganannte Abstrakte Kunst interessiert , die seit 1910 oder früher soga-
sich selbst kopiert und zum Übelwerden unoriginell, ungekonnt undjäfade
wie saures Bier i!-3t. » & oi u^ uc
Ich vundere mich dass Ihnen Frau Rosenzweig (ü)x) Neues über Ludwie
schreiben konnte; d..s Material das ion Ihnen seinerzeit über Ludwigs
Leben und Werk sandte hat alles, was sie schrieb, enthalten. ^H^nn Sie
meine Aufzeiciinungen, Kritiken etc. haben wollen, so sende ich Sie Ihnen
gerne, aber ich mS.ste sie zurü'ckerhalten, da mein Mann daran denkt e?!
ne Ausstellung von dem in unserem Besitz befindlichen Bildernjfn zwei Jah-
ren zu machen. Lass Prau Rosenzweig L-chreibt es wäre zwischen den beiden
ihrem Mann und Ludwig) ein Verhrlltnis des "Kaezen uni Mento?s" zu dem
"Kunstler und Geführten" gewesen ist typisch für diese Dame. Rosenzweig
hat in seinem ganzen Leben kein einziges Bild von Ludwig gekauft und ihm
^\l '^7^,'' !^^ '""''' ^^ ''^"^ " "^"^"^ "^^ ^"^"^ J^'^^^k gescheSki: l^ass Lud-
wig im Hause Rosenzweig in Cassel war geschah nur weil die alte Prau
?Sr?!!^o^ gezwungen wurde der Wohnungsnot halber einen Menschen mfihr in
ihr leeres RieserJiaus zu nehmen uni Ludwig einem Fremden irorzog. lVi¥
wurde Ludwig ge;;chmunzelt haben wenn er gelesen h.itte dass er dort "wie
:^W"
M\
L
i
c
c
c
2..
* • t
det waren sie allerdings nie/ da LtsifJechU^'ifh^^^
wls'riie%''""""?'' r' «^^^^-^-iS verstand durchau^ nichts JS^ Knn.t
V/as die otrauüH'm Jerusalem betrifft so muss ich Si^ -n,oS I^++s
rpi'^f; ^r otraus. ist ein gewiegter (ie..c^Sl^Z,flr^i^,t^ Ss er'
Geld brauchte, mal ein Bild gan?. billig abgekauft h-iti-vh^+r a4
wahrend seiner Kran;:heit anfln;aich beLnSfltrhat ihA aber dur' . ffl<-che
vitammlose Maet dem Tone zwei Jahre früher A he Vebr«rh+ n^n ^„/t u
einen zugezogeneu :3pozialisten wurde BeiflebSn ve^lIngert.'^FÜ? die Se
mid ;j^ftrer''i?h ''" "'^".r? ^^'^"^S anstatt des Gelf^s nel^^en - ^in
«ild hatte er sich ausgesucht dass damals 50 Pfund wert war und diP Rp
handlunß setzte dieser Menschenfreund für 18 Pfunci an Ln^wla L^ !.
verzweifelt^ dass er mit anflehte zu Strauss zu gehen* u^d dal Mld ^n
-ruckzuholen und ihm die Rechnung in ^Geld zu 'bezahlen? Ss ^ch lliLlT
'tSt hattf ?n'' 'T'^^' '" '.''' ^^P^^' Sl^^^* '^^^^ ^^^ ihm sein Bild^e?et-
tet hatte. ~Il.-e .trau:;8, die Schwester von Pr-iu a^x-lio enth-n h^i-+^ l^^v.
eingeredet dass Ludv;i,, , ie heir,ite./.-ü-rde wLTi e^ sie" eJi^tl 'mit Fr-m^
zusammen von der Schule abgeholt hatte. Sie hat ihin dirSitt4'u^ch^; ndP
vergessen und hasste mich von Beginn an, erstens well ich sefneS rewor
den war, zv.eitens weil ich als Christin geboren war. Als wi? die erstfn
bef ui^^ di'r^'ti';'; «^?^^t^°-f^%^ v^aren und^noch keine 'Vohnung hat^enfho^
f?eu^:^chalt'^b?^^h^ '''' "'^i Tage aufgenommen - um diese kolossale 'öast-
irevmciocnatt bezahlt zu machen hat sie mich einen s-^vw^t^r) t..d- ihv^^ v\ ^^ ^
una Wasche pl-'ltten lassen un.i. mich 'kiuerxid berufen dafioh^nt^hh -K if
genug ma.he,;da die "Elektrizität zu te^er wSre"! fch^a^'nette LeSe
Um mich zu argern schrie nie dem Butter-Lief .ranten Sus^ Um lenlte?
nach sodass die ganze Jtrasse es hören sollte: "HÖren 3ie i 4 die ButtPr.
H^enn^^H^H ^^^'^T ^'""^^V I^t sie auch wirklich ko eher ge/m'vt «""w^f ^
"genug" hatte io i von Ihr. loh fcinii nur -aT«.,. r„+o„ t t 1^" ' ' . ""?'
wig aus der ganzen Verbindung Kose^zwel .^Sfrai-^^ ^d'i^y,T.'\'""' i"""
Auf keinen Pall arf'ote loh df«e ir^^:^ ^iograhif v^^^l^oMe ^a^^aoH""
I
\
-:*-i 1 .
r
.X
.*■ J k ,»
c
^. , . , , -- 7 ' aie .chweuter von c'rau ÄX-Ho.enthal , hatte Bich
eingeredet dai.ia Ludv/i,- . ie heiraten/würde weil er ..ae einiaril mit Fmnl
zuGammen von der Schule abgeholt hatte. Sie hat iliüi die ^InttA'uschunr nie
vergessen und ha.^rite mich von Beßlnn an, ersten« v/eLl ich seine Frau pewor
den war, zv.eitenü weil ich als Christin geboren war. Air, wir die erste».
iagti In deruüaleiii eingetroffen wmt'ph nnri nnov, li-Q■^»^.^ "'-.u.-, r.„j.^-..
ben
freunu^v.....^^, v.«.o...,.xxu z,u uuiunen nax aie mich einei. ganzen Tns ihre Klei: er
un.i .VAsche platten la^^en un.i mich 'lauernd berufen das.. ich^n ich t "schnei 1
genug ma.he,;da die "Elektrizität zu teuer wäre". Ach ja, net?e Leute!
Uui mich zu argern ;;chrie r,ie dem Butter-Lief tränten au^j d4m Fenster
nach sodass die ganze Jtraase es hören sollte: "HÖren 3ie, ist die Butter
aber auch koscher genug? Ist sie auch wirklich ko:.cher geAu.-v9... Nun
"genug" hatte ich von ihr. Ich kann nur sagen: Gutes ist fifr meinen Lud-
r^f kefnerpflTn^Sv :r^'"^^S Hosenzweig-otraus^-St^. nicht herausgekommen,
Auf keinen Fall m6c ite ich dass in seine ^iograhie verfälschte Tatsachen '
hinemgBraten in denen sich die Rosenzvveigs als seine .VohltZ'ter aufspie-
len. Ich weiss nie Wahrheit. -
,v -i.+^'^''•^ i^* ^" Rom und ich will ih.a Uingehend über alles schreiben,
hr ist nicht gesund, hat schwere Arterienverkalkung und leidet an An-
fallen; er iHt sogar auf einige Tage dort ins Amerikanii;che Hospital ^e-
fp[;^!+.h^ Injektionen zu erhalten und eine Sauer »toff-kur zu machen.
Ich .tehe gut mit iiim; der gemeinsame Auf nthalt in Rom hat uns wid*är
C'^eHn'J^h^t InlV^"" ^'''■^'^^'^ ''?''' '^^"^^ ^^ "^^''''' ArchaeologicchenTtu-
len unt hat Anerkennung von mehreren grossen h'useen erhalten.
. •'?"" Sie mein Material Über Ludwi,- haben möchten so .schreiben Hie
mir oitte und ica . en.^e es. Und denkn 3ie die Sache mit den Photos noch
mal gründlich und praktisch durch. Wir sind alles andere als wohSabendV
und memn guter :„ann arbeitet auch des Sonntags und kennt keine freie Seit.
Me einzige Erholung wird er am 10. Je^tSiKF haben wenn wir auf U Tare •
auf die Isle of ,/i,;at fahren, denn er kann schon nichts mehr weiter.
Alles G..te Ihnen und Ihrer lieben kleinen Familie
von Ihrer
I
.>
2. Brief - 1. September 60
Lieber John Henry,
^en hPmm ff>„^v,o+- 1 ^"^^ ofjnete das Kuvert noch einmal weil ich heute mor-
ioist IJZ .2''''^ J^""^ ^^"f® Unterredung mit meinera Mann hatte, den ich
Din^e .n^v.^f?> "^^ '"^''''' ^'^'''' ^'^^ ^^ ^°^i^l ^^i^^e '^^ geschäftliche
Uinge zu schreiben dass es beinahe nie zu Unterhaltungen kommt.
^To ^ -uinge der Biographie scheinen xiak .jetzt doch weit mehr möglich
h b .^nf ^^5'''" den Anschein hatte. Paul hat vorgeschlagen - und Tch
vin?+ ? ° * ^"^ ^udi geschrieben - dass Rudi einen i'arbinfilm in Italien
sa^M ,^°h?f ?f^^i^^""^ ^^*^- ^'^ ^-^^^^ 'iie Aufnahmen der sllde? in Jeru-
salem ü^cht; den film zu uns sendet und wir lassen dann hier die Konlen
machen und schicken Ihüen-dTe Kopien und die Kega?ive? v^E^enen de?
3irunsere%?i'e?'fKoi?^n" ""°-'"" ^""". ^lei^eftig nltSr^Jicr^S'rde'n an
^Pi^n y>!f 3il.er (Kopien un-i r.egative) abgehen. Diese Kosten konnte
mein .Unn gerne tragen. Also die Sache sieht nun viel hoffnungsvolle?
habei, werden ist eine nveite i^rage, aber wir haben dann das Unsere eetcir.
Paul ienkt an eine Ausgabe der Art wie '-eH^ocket Li.?ary of GreJt 4r?"*
Puolished by Harry K. .brams, wTth-pocket Books, Inc. Jev7York!in d'enen
20 farbige rieprodukt^' onen und 15 Zeichnungen siAd (im Buch üb e^ lell)
Verlad ?Sr L^^^w^'f vf -"f '' ^'^ '^"^^ i^^^^ltreich. x^atörlLh kS d^r
ISIi f i Ju-wig kaum infrage, da er nur anerkannte Grössen nimmt.
Aber ich nehme an, dass Sie als Bibliothekar viel grössere Sö'-lT^hkeiten
haoen etwas Geeignetes auszufinden. gio^bere luO^iichkeiten
HoffentUch h2,re ich bald von Ihnen ob ich das
schriftliche Material senden soll.
Ich bat Rudi an Sie peroonlioh zu schreiben
uno hoffe dass er es tun wird.
i^"ochmals alles Herzliche
i^
)S^^«ffc^i 19*0
M08 ,nciiwni ,oflicr. dac ^xsüa
^r: i neff-v :tDi - oct.öiiiw Ow^ iiioaO slonJrf iccq a^aa
-C blaa Td:^:tcni i'tr öj iÄul :i9ri^l^ ioBinco
•■ r>
Baa7 y^ars of
O:
,iSö^!s!riPss5Sfrgr°r:r
llis:
dr;B£
( ^ ^- :>
I fMT that the Blography will not ooma off for a raaaon whleh
you aada quita olaart tha faot that thara ara "paraonalitiaa" inTolTad who
ara atUl alira, and would narar agraa to yoiar Taraion of what happanad in
tha cafa0 of Rosanswalg and Strauaa. I dld wrlta to tha MD and now I don^t axpaot
an anawar« ObTiously, ha would ba noat raluetant to agraa that hla traataant waa
tha wrong ona, and whila 1 oartalnly baliava you bafora I would baliava tha two
paopla InTolTad thara» 1 do not taa bow wa oould writa tha blography unlass wa
slaply gira all Tartlona and lat ttia raadar bawara«
ThlSthowavar» la not tha omly atuabllng blook. ^t Is tru« I aa
a 11 rarlany and a good ona, but that doaan*t aaka mm an axpart on publlshlag,
^t la out of tha quaatlon that anythlng on Ludwig could ba publlshad In thia
oountry, and Ibraat Is MOT tha outlat for aonogra|Aif on mümowa (doaaitio or
foralgn) artltta, although hli books ARX axtraaaly good. Tha blography woxild
hava to ba sponaorad, aapaolally by an ^araali artltt group or aoolaty» or
ausaui« It would hara to ba publlthad In laraal» too (chaapar than hara).
Tha productlon costs for tha taxt would ba vary low, but not low at all for
oolor plate0, and wlthout color thara* a no atnaa in publlahlng Ludwig' s art.
I an intha lama boat aa you ara, aa far ai aonay is oonearead.
I will gladly glTa all of ay tina to saarch tha aTallabla blbllographie sourcaa
for nawapapar and art Journal artlelaa, and I oartalnly would lika to gat all
tha aatarlal you haTa (QU U)äMt I oan haTa eppiaa aadas for my own coUaotioa
Tary aaally and Tar> chaaply Indaad). If you would juat allow aa to aount thaa
(not paata thaa) on lattar-siaa shaatt, whloh I haTa, for tha purposa of photo»
duplication. Thay will NOT ba daaagad in any whioh way, and will ba tatumad aa
•oon ai tha work is coaplatad. misn 1 aay ALL tha aatarlal, I naturally aaan cmly
tha aignlficant thinga, such rs intarpratativa rarlawa, or raporta on exhibita.
MO Photos, sinca thay won't raproduca wall • only drawings do). But tboaa X do not
naad now.-*
Xnspita of all tois, X would rary auch lika to saa your plaa on
haring tha paintings copiad (colori^otos) aa aany as poesiblei ragardlsss of lo-*
caUon. DO XOü HAPPifll TO HAVt AM 1MD£X TO lüO OiHS IhAT? Rudy could of coursa
photograph all that is in Israal, snd ^'Viü IF NL HtVhR x UbLISh AMIIUIMC, thosa
paintings should ba copiad, so that we bSTa color negatlTasfron which wa can aaka
dacant-alzad coplaa, at laast for cur own collactions.
Naturally, I aa a blt worrlad ab ut tha costa of thls undertaklng.
Tha color-flla is tha laast (I can*t laaglna that thay hara nona in Israall.
If Rudy is willing to do it, Co, bloss hijs, . Ji h^i^ j^^^ _4}ac^^^ fc^iod froM hia
in yaars^' aödr hava-öö läadPitW^that^ tt in Xii\p^ ^f^ ÄWtwbfc. ^ward
waritiiir (ifiharttaö^^ 'bbTibtrsly) or whathar )ja i's jupjgiy jdV i|s /ot not writing.
aowtaaa' . I?-l ha^a li^'mftf^s^'bf Ms VsfcaprWa öld Hotal Zion- and ny last
long lattar haan't baan answarad yat.
I really ould lora to know aora about bis archaaological work
pleasa tall hia so« —
I shall wrlta again as soon as I haTa chsckad ay "sourcasf ,
»asa wrlta right away.
Od9I
• >#•
iX8l4i31 l^ijjO^
n
■^t, ••Qd th
U8t nm\
tnlargeatntf (1 aaah r f
nax.-.- ao3.e>:r ^ loi Tic *«oo Jon .li, xäq»tiolH »äi Ja.i i^el I «y^U).!
•ar .a.Ia. '^^«^.30!' ,d;f ..^i,. bX.,00 sw ,ori .aa ion ob I ,e,e.:f blvlornTTla^a
,9i»wd lafm-i «riJ i»I bxw anolaiev IX* »vij xXqaia
ei
JA
.jJooI'i anildm/Ja x-tn- ariJ ^cn « ,i9V9».Oii,8iriT
8i.-J 01 ber. ildx/q »d 0I..C0 giwbuJ ac anin^n» ^adc^ ncldae.-. arid 'c duo al di
. aian oand i.qBerio) ood ,I.^^3l n. x>T(^IIdi;q sc cd 3^3.. LIx/o. dl .«;aax/.
.dT.3 3'8iwb.J änln8ildx;q al .aoaa cn a •aiarid loico dtcddiw bn. a.^Iq ?o!S
.baineo/r.o 5I ^aflor. a^ •:«•: a« ,«-u üc( aa daod »lu^a 9nial lu I
n ba^l TT^'-'k '"' •*"''^ ' "=^'' '•'•^'^^ .xxa-.addsa'no (-ad. .iaaq Ton]
^ .TtTJ T ^ '■^^^'•^*'= »^^ '^ 'i" ^ nad. .b..exq«oo al x,o» add a' o^oa
.odldidx9 ao ad-ioqa^ 10 .a^airai aTidÄdaaqisdoi a« dOLa .a^nind d^iaollinala arid
den CO I aacn. dxrd . ^cb aanxwaib ^Ixio - IIa. aox;boTq.. d'no; tand .oaia 'aSodq OM
nc «slq -n;c4 aae cd axll doi/m ^sy bhjom 1 ,ai. d lU lo ad.qani '*"^" ^^*"
-oj. Ic 339^b-iai,aT ,&io:d3oq 8.^ Y,mi^ 83 (aododqioxoo ) bsiqoo äiiidaia- »dd ^nfv.^
_ » r»^ .'- ♦#k a ' r^<^ a.».,^ —.._ -\ ^ _ ~ * •
.8ic2di».?iIoo nvc 7VO TO* la j<il +
H »8s>i..-:o besia-daaoab
.ua^i.iy,! s.x.i a-ra:. vedd d3:j «r..,..;i j-nflo 1} ds. .i .,•: 3r-.Ii>-,oI- o ad^
.da/, ba-rewaae a3;? : d 'na^n -law'dai anol
ddJi iz c.:.i -aol^. i».
iiow Idoi-clos^f-.a-x ald Jl'cJä sioa -»otDi cd avol bIx;o illi-^i I
« ,, "■" »o^ »'-i^i -lad 9ei5!?Ii,
« 3;ä-.:x,c2 ^tr :.3>.:.s>;-:o av.-n i. ad a:os id nld-^ü aJnv lU.^i 1
♦ *^/- - #-r #N T > »«ro Ä — -» r.
Octobtr 15, i960
D««r Lottlai
Wonder« will still h»pp«oi I>r. Otto Straufla has answered.
«linost 8 d«y fcftor 1 s«nt off ay latter to you. 1 got a nice r.olv nat^rallv
-re^pollf th«. coräial, in view of ^ vi^w of tfrngj.^but J:?i'{."tbe^:i?.nti.l
1. Ludwig's laßt dijfeabe »&» not caased by * tt he drank in S.itaarland but
butwhile Ludwig suffared fro.the affact. of tnl. ravlT.1, It wl. not WJ^iTJi.
i:f ?AtM t^°T/^' '^* ^^* i'^ralnf.Ktion, bat by . haart coaditlon. S>r.i>.
was nothia physlclan aurin^ hie laat Ulnes».
(no cooitent) .
2. Dr. Strausa owna but ona paintingi one of tha lock« of Traptow. whieh 6.
ballaTaa ia ona of four i-udwig palntaa in all(4 rla.-. of tha iocki). 'sJraÜ.»
pictura ia a blt of a aki.Ea, not a compiata palntlng, ha aaya. A i;ra c^ipütad
Taraion 1. in tha hand. of Mr.. U^i^QRt «.LiJ,i*I (t^it i aa^^r. y^ to.^ SyhowJ
thl s?Ja^^^^^fa:^S!^!^)r^°' ' aan .al^on ..a (she U.e. aoros.\ha .tir^rZ'
«f- T H-^*^* 'T*f- "^'***^' "^^ '^^•^ • f«w >«*ra ago in Jan^aala., bought ona
of Ludwig- a palntinga at tha advica of Dr. U, tha painting .tili h^nda in har hont
now tha bona of har daughter (no addrecs gl van) . ! '
.«.d u. ^^rt: '°1^'* ^' 7^^^^ ^ *"'• *'~^°'^ photograph« «ada, for which ha »ould
aana ua a coat a.tiaate (paynant in adTanc« ni«A«*> ^■*^^^ — ,,♦ v v -"***«
tha currant paynant ragulationa. '**'*"°'' •^^•"•'- ^^^^ "^«^ »>• ««n. baoauaa of
HAPttAhL f(0£j!i<2»lxG ha. paintingE, ar,d hi. addraas i. ÜALulE AN, MSI MAIaHIa.
"a ia. of coaraa, Witn'a aon. »**a"XA.
Dr. Strauas also mentiona that Copyright law ie inv Irea. «aan a rof.saia»*!
photogr^^pher copias .aintin^a whlch .ra in'prirata ownaranip. Uu^r JJw uiiTJorir
ia ceyono ae, ainca tha photograph.r. X presmne, gaina the Copyright on aia oroduot-
tifa t « rinl!°^ ^fw" ""^^ ^^ "" outsiaar. .e .oolc be a..titxad to wnaLvJ La
tiaa the linax puclibation mtght bring, and i «ae no final publioation t.s yat...
i found threnberg'fc adareast Dr. h^ö iu.ruKcxJvü, »olfra« *ag ^, Heiaali*rg.
r : K . ^ece.tiy died, hia widow naa Uie orl»;inal -old lady- portrait of
tuirenberg'B mother, ana tnat l wouid war.t in colot, but can we get J^^^"'*^^
i-et ae know how t.lngB «re going, if thay ^regoing at «11. i have not
;! .??*or "•' indtexe« .ut «ili aoon. ^aere^E« no e,Teat ruah «bout ^1 thia. it 1..
to alx Ol US, a labor or ioTa, .Ith the ^iy profit a aamory of .ne .. .oved LralJ
^v
\.
X
n
Stoneleigh, 59, Woodatone Avenue
Surrey
28. Peb. 62.
Lieber John Henry,
fertig geb?a^h+ 5!^\® f^J® Freundin, Prau Wilenski, es doch
und 8ie^sehrp?J/'^f ^''^''^^ ^^"^ Ausstellung zu arrangieren
und dass y?e?i Ll^i^/^^^ ^^^ ^^^^' ^«^^ ^^^^^ geworden Lt
^rot^n h\\1:.\^S^c\?L:^^^S'aS^^°L^\^s^?^ildrinr ^^7
eine senden, da ich weisfwif Lleressf^rtS?! «n^^^^ ^^^^
nicht nach Israel gesandt wfrden kinnl.« /"" ^?^^^. ^°^^®^ "^«^^
Verluste geschäftlfcnattr^nd es°S"aich%elz? S^ «^^^'^.
zufTr^edenstellend geht, da die «eschfft???^« n^ ^°^ garnicht
unserem Land zuerst alles berifirwatm^i Knn«?^''^T°^ ^^
mlgllci seL ;frd f?nf .'^ ^^^ f'^ besseren Zeiten doch noch
^ftalten; hier ii ^^laÜ^^i"'"*".^^?^^ ^°^ ^^^''i« ^^ ^^r-
moderner Kunsfnur ^ft?a2tes JL^^nJi^^'S ^^ ^^" Heutigen in
wirklich niemandem «ellllt qil v^«^®"" können, obgleich es
cLua^m geraiit. Sie kaufen es nur aus Spekulation.
N
«hei L*i'^\"*«*''"'"'' Jerusalem zu flhj^^'aie^hler zu
eStfern? ,^^. ß^^^^'^^O'^ Übernommen hat, das nur 5 Minuten vin uns
Dazu ist hier das fürohterllohBte Wetter aioherlieh hlhsn Si".
von dem Unwetter gelesen, das In einer Stadt allein 70^000 hܫ..
"üok^^if el^JSn t»t^' "«"««^rf"*'' gekostet!'"«? ILTz2f"'''
In der Hoffnung dass bei Ihnen alles in bester Ordnm
T^L^"^ ich mit herzlichen Grussen an Sie und
Ihre liebe Familie - au-h ron meinem Mann -
Ihre
'U^
Q .
^r
1
Maroh 21, 1962
1^ dMT Lottlt
It was a really pleasantaurprlse to havs your lattar of
28 Fab«| with tha announcaBant of tha (Jerusalem) exfalblt of Ludwig* s
werk« At last %m% recognltloa. Ruay neanwhile sent me a clipping froa
tha Jerusalaa Post, a revlew whlch was very favorable indead«
^aturally the thought ocoured to aa whether It would not
no^ be the Tery best opportunlty to haye some oolor photographs mada
of at least the isost slgnlflcant works, Induding the last salfportrait«
I nantloned it to Nidy in mg letwsr (last S>unday)| and want to nentlon
It to yoU|too« What better Chance than now wfaen so many of bis paintlngs
are together« If there is ever a ohance of Publishing any kind of monogr^b
on iiUdwlgi it wculd haTe to be iUustrated (and in color, for bis works,
like those of the High Renaissanoe paintersi lose all effect if ahown only
in black k white) •
It looks like you didn^t eren know that for the past two^
years I b&Te lived at the address shown aborei in to«i -* I almost didn t
get your letter. Have 1 really baen silent that long? I have here your
letter of 27 August 59, written before your joumey to Rone, in which
you announced your good Intention of writing as soon as you retumed«
Meanwhile 1 am eure you had your own lot of troubles, and BOTed,too,
so all is forglTen, but please note the new address of mine « it may vren
ohange efore the year is out« But than you would get my next one, too«
I liked your pioture and donH be too concemed ab out your
birthdate • one is as old as one feels (itiich can be read either way).
Our dear *little ones* send their regards, both are te%/orarily sick lith
a cold or whatnot, and both are giants (Juliet at 11 is as tall as her
mother and will soon spit on our Joint heads, Mark is as tail as a 9 year
old at the pretty age of 6J. ^on*t know where they got it from* Both are
terribly bright and at times unbearable, but then so were we to our parents
at the saae ages. One gets baok with dlTidenda what one dishes oat»
'e hsTe had tha worst winter in ten years and you ean bare
lots of snow and mxid^free of Charge* We do want to try to get b^ck to
California, th.nga here are not that entlcing, it depends oniy on the
right Position in the right placa and location.
?•£)• I must have written to you once before (to your new
address) because 1 find that i nad already changed the old c»ie (Briarwood)»
— Ah,yes,dear you are the gullty onei I wrote to you (from ^ast Park Place;
on 15 Oetober i960, but had no answerl So you do bare qy present
address •«-
Let me know what ycxi haar ab ut the shows, and if there is
anyway by wr ich to get photos made, haye it done, somehow« No need to
do every Single one, but perhaps the ten znost important ones, they should
be representatire of his best work. Once we have the color ne^^atlves,
copiee could be oace as needed. I am still hopeful and, with the renewed
interest in kiawig's work, it should be impossible to get this done now.
Write soon. kindest regards and best
wishes to the both of you«
LI C BAUL Antmomv
RP^86
IT ^RhJL ft^tWo
I
F
\
^ ^y^-^ ^^'^^ u-^^^ .
C^i^t^üni^
'n.
^i>&ljL.
AJc^^
Äü^ Aifi^^zä/iT^Lce^ A/^^Ätj
/^^t^^CcÄÄ*^'
:::^
2^0
^S'Aa<^
L-ear faul;
1?''«^*,^
l^^^U. (X<Cy>,.,M^ AA^
Sept.l^r, 1977
I am not a believer- in extrasensory perception or in miracles,
Knov.mg what mischief the "believers" can create. But it .-nust be close
to a rniracle that 17 years after ray last letter to lotte, you -.vould
vTite such a v.-onderful letter to the man to v/horr., as a boy, ludwig
■vas bis favorite uncle, and who is now the last of the fa;..ily to
eare about his iiemory and his work. .-/eil, almost. lot only de I
want to pursue the possibility of preparing a book on ludwi?^ (vith •
illustrations, of course) , but we r:ay have help which in l^fQ was
not ayailable.^ ludwig's halfbrother Julius Jonas (v/ho lived inost of
his life in owitzerland) and a remarkable man of whom you may have
heard Lotte speak of, has a grandson ,now abat 35 years old, v;ho
kno'A's about Ludwig: and is very interested. Hoy Cppenhein may just
be m a Position to futther the project. He is with the Svdss
-■•'eüeral. TV and a prograrn director, and does a great deal of travel-
inr in his v/ork. He was in Israel two years ago' and visited the
'-atlery Lora, which supposedly has some 40 or even r.ore cf *udv/ig's
paintings. heing terribly busy with other (but hardly -nore impof^
tant)-orK (includinr a full-time and quite derandinp "iob at our
uniyersity of . ichigan library) I didn't get to v/rite' to 'T^ora
until ay '^, when' I wrote to the."! and got no reply. However, I
a-, a Stubbern cuss who doesn't give up that easily: Israel is füll
of relatives and friends and I will draft someone to do a littJe
cf .herlock ;.olrr.es' specialty. \ will also write to oy and see
•/.'hat can be done. y daughter and her husband and T plan to visit
i^arts of ..urope and Israel (a people-visiting trip, not Sight-
seeing) next year, perhaps in March, more likely later, like '
in cepte:nber. :,othing like definite dates as yet. Tondon will be
tae first stop, and I actually have a cousin in ä Jpsom Cr. Harry
Oonitzer, a retired physiatrist and first cousin of Ludwig!) so
nov; I have 2 good reasons to come and see both of you, ifat all
possible. However, I like to get the ball rolling on our Joint
pröject. I think there was a nercorial exhibit in 1967, I will have
to dig up my files about it. There is Vi.tY little in the press on
ludwig (unless it be in Hebrew) , but curiously enugh the ^nciclo-
pedia Judaica Castellana had a sraall Paragraph r.entioning hiin and
ill'jstrated one of his works.
i.hat we need tnost is contact with I^orah, and a Mst of
pecple v.'ho bought his paintings (any and all). Tiot easy. lotte ray
have something like i" ' . ..- . .
i "reatly enjoyed our
v'/ar^ then unable to do
ccntacts and- it -li'-ht
""^ ^■"'-. c-n ' t '.vant to
UiVv Jonas ;iidn*t
w- ^*.^ ^ . . #
. » »•^ • r
. I 1 .'
o. 1 ar terribly sorry she is g-one because
corresponaence, and I an even i^.ore sorry T
nuch. . eanv;hile, I thinl: I have bester
just v/ork out, esrecially .Norah is in Jeru-
"ait tili I ;:et there. I never firured cut
cc anythin>7; abcut the euvre cf hi : hrother,
hen he alv/a.v^s .vas a solitary firrure (he visited us in 19^2 in
.achin:.ton. and he died in 1?73 in Israel), 'ean-vhila, :uc'vi^-"'s
^rcthers in . ev York City have als- jied (fcoth o-vT.ed 3everal painting
•^- sure t-^.e;«' are otill in th^ir vi^cvfi' hoi:e^. T rerr.eTiber one
Ox tneir "♦T?.rL.i'urt/L der nc.r^. V: ere 1 playc^ \"f.t-^ -idwir
yes: iieinz ! llit or v^'-ave
1 have a
j ? :. cc .orah
im»,, m
f< >
^, (I a/ no^v 3^ fal-..ost} . .h yes: iieinz ! llit
the ^e^crial address for X):^ 7^X]\ anrivcr^ary exhih:
'■' •
V.y
Ictte's a:lcres£ • so at first I t^ourht
thev
+ 4- -
ottan m
xouch with you. npparently not.
Your letter reached me without trboble. .v!y former v/ife lives
there(we still own the place togother) (after an arücable divorce)
110" ^
"» -.
r^« « i \
, j
-. i —
*"r V.' ,L ,' 'f
• t -~ 1
r^r. C. Faul Anthony
59 /Joodstone Avenue
Stozeleigh,
EFSCl^:, SURKEY IvTl? 2J^
UMT
io let ne
records indic
and etchinrs
i:y the v;ay, c
1.' Odern öv/iss
mother, also
At least :\oy'
tinp, add Key
patica.
Hope t
stances which
iTiirht help to
man" to the.^i,
as gettin^ fo
property rif^h
knov; whether there are, in your r.ossession, any
atinr who ownes one of ludwif's v/orks, ^ravinrs
ourht to be included, he was rood at ther:,toc.
u.
ius Jonas had a son ;Jalter, vho is a ''/ell-knovK
painter, still living, and hissister -Jdith, .'xy's
paints and draws . They are a very .fifted bunch'.
s brother, if not also his sister/does sorie pain--
hinseif likewise, although not as a full»tir:e occu-
0 hear frora you soon. If you know about the circuT.-
made Gallery r;orah the ward of the paintings, it
know. I can send a highly reliable " eider ly ^entle-
once they agree tc see hi'^., to dlscuss such thinps
tographe (color) made of the paintings,etc . Natural ]y
ts and copyrtr^ht is ir.vclved, hut T ^on't even knov^ ^
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To open slit her«
To open slit herf
"V.J
Uear Paul:
Sept.2P. 1977
I an; njshing into print at oncei now that I havo a pretty
gcod icea ol tho Situation with regard to works of lud.vig which
ycu havsp and 1 ax very happy indeod that I vlll be able to help
ycu. A fe/- years a.io I coulcl not havo, too tied up v/ith a family
Inow frown cut ol the V.oase) ano. a ^vife who .iida't share rriv
interast in t!i3 ^.:inaa pro.jects I have done quito //eil with ?ince
ovT friendly divorce (v-o all fei? bitter since) . —
Tberc is no proble.:: '-ith '-er-ar.; I don*t l^ncv hc./ r.:Uch there
is and of that, hcv/ much v;oulJ bo v;orth vhile er inc^oed escential
to be translated. 'y gerr-an cf course is perfect, since I grev; up
in Gerriany (vhere I spent sone nice ^acaticns in the Jonas family
house in 1926 and 1928, this 50 years ago - and T remeraber it
v.^ell), 'y und es Mlly anc" Crcar I rener. bor »too , and Rudy was
both i.y rother 's and rny cv.n fa^^orite roncla a'r.d cousin. Lut ludwig
was clöer and I v/as his :.:odel a fev tires. I ^'^.ac a nice oil pain-
tinr -'hich Ve ci'I nct finish, and behind LiG han.--:" the only origin
nal 7 have cf hir.:: a c^arcca] dravinr, si:;T.cdt ^Ä-hich he die in^his
s:t\;cio aron:;.' :^^/}/2±9 v;hen I vas a '""ery pretty ":cy - biat scnie-
t\^±Z hr?.;:?Gnedto a line in r.y face and he gave up -' or eise I did
not hold stii:j lonr enoVvTh,__ The eil paintins, never franed, dis-
appearedt and fcr the rert i have only so^.e copies of engravings
(apparently also signed by hiin) . And a beautäful ccal drav/ing of
his crrand'^other, ny ^^reat^^an^xother. It is either the cri^-^inal
or a copy« I do thirJc the I^ew York brtthers have the original.
both .dlly and Oscai^ ca^ie to the Üb in 1937 1 and I visited theni
now and then when I got to TJew York (1950-56) , I saw Cscar last
in 1967, no.v only their widows (sisters) are living, and 1 can't
get a sound out of iL either, though they used to be quite gabby.
J:oth o^yn Tud.vig paintings, all the walls are füll (not necessa-
rily the best, but quite a few Pirankfurt scenes. I will cer-
tainly try to get to them. Gertrud Gppenheir, the cousin of
Iud\7i£:*s aedicine-student friend ?ran^ r^osen^wei,'^ (before they
parted co:vpany) sent me a beattiful color foto of two dolls,
a paintin,^' which is in Cape lown. Also the orir^inals of 3 drawings
of Aosenzeig (portraits), vdiich I :aa3 cpies of (one set is now
in the Leo-Baeck -Institute in ^*/C). I have been a ,::reat adraißer
of .losenzweig so I aopreciate tiie dra,/ings doubly. —
I will inake an eifert hero to see hc*v tnany, if any, worir: jf
^e in priv'^t^ c^'^lectir^ns f ip^rarentl- non3
"rr? in .vrsujrr). I-»: ic diffic-lb. .Ivt one '\'ay is via aMotion
2ny üiscoveri-^z. The ir.t^'\ in
3 n-: ^rcblri, , vii t' ?
''^ p t p 1 1' » '* -
)
-* t'
"■^a;. - •
^ .»XXi.
C*. .--«-i,-^ •"* s^i^ r-, r» —
ui '-.:• i;-icr3,
idy .'1l3 .?lCo^r to ^'-e becauje he Visit 3d .:// rreataunt /ally,
? oft':n y^j^is'C-^:: jf M^ : of^r' 'V-;.; l^-ij': .i^h v;^;. ' "•-*:o'v a-
the tv.': ''^oy.^, too, cut de n^^t .::iv? tii-:ir ^.'drel^3. Cne '^'^
ca.":2 to N:}'.v l'ori: arl told 0:?car al:cu^; auc: yV? pa^sinr.
^^ ■•
h^
4-
icn
»
. i
i.arihin^üOii and later NYO. xhere ezist at least tvc beautiiul
;t0rtrai\.3 o2 iiis Itaiiaii friend AhOiri h£; visi tec often after he
":ovod tc Israel. The two boys (originally "chuet.-:, ani half-
Jewish, were living with their (Jewish) mother in Israel. I saw
fotoö of tliem, but of course all this is 20 years and .aore ago.
I v:ould lovo to vvrite to the.t, but Doris (Cscar 's vidow) r^ay be
T^ory-h -n^io T c '-'fnT-wT^i tingr p^rp now. T Will trv to Call her son. who
\'-x . C, I aul Anthony
59 f '.'cocistone Avenue
CTCÜiilSIGH
SFSCL, SURREY KTl? 2JT
' '^r:?>r
\
ir rrar!:furt (at v.'hoce
-'ur-?^ ruter x herber**:
. . r.
„V-hb
'-^(^v *-e
"T* O
l/iaf ins: ! '.n.: -: 'i'rii-.r .t;; urc
o naii was uoi:. - ä.c«..all.y , i .:n:/.'
...?.vr:-ju, ij-.d zz:: .;i:_ii-t •' or^-i- '>:;e '^: ^ ■:•.) bsfor? ^.-? -rcr -born.
xtj^ 'jH, lue c:?;Uf!-.t6r ^.cr•^arGt is "o-' .-Toi.i-^.d 16 or 1?. 3ic trcir.sit,
frlte ti> 10 '-.3 roon c.j you can. '/-( yo-:-. ■.arth?. :'ocl.inov'shit if
shr^ 13 che Jr.i.ieü wliosc :iai''-enr.ar-'e vp Jpir»r. , ".Ue l-.no-.^r. my naae, aü
lecCo. i.ci uu^uauc i3 u ccucia .?::•-;, n--» .T3:. !■ 01 :^.y "ot-ier, or.t not
•'•.'(vcu ■■' ■'.Vo JT:nr -^a/fllly. ? :' •^othef'r na'^.e was beaall, ar>ü Lernhard
'^ochanowski, husband of Hertha, was tiie son 01 ' iima oegall cchano-.vs
ici irom a very diflfaiit but relatod branch cf the :Jot-a?.l3 of Zo-^psl-
tur'^. I !:no.f "becauna I published both their and oiir fatnily genealo-
sies. Herta has a sister-in-law (Harta Kochan)in I.A. with whor. I
corresponded some 12 years afeC.-- ies, 've need cclcr negatives. ,
'm --*
^1' ''7i
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9
l
I ■
I.. V*. -
l
» i*
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/
March 10. 1978
Dear Paul
i
r.
f
I am f inally able to return -to iny alltoo numerous |
unanswered letters smd interrupted projects, having moved back' in-
to my own house and, in the process, lost 6 weeks of irreplace-
able eiening hours, first in packing 123^56 boxes with bookStetc.
etCtf and then unpacking same. I have a huge basemeht, jiiritiich /
arranged to use as my study and Office • just whfn th«|;pj(>14i8:
Winter in 22 years m descended on us, making work herer
often impossible. Thus the dolayst t
m^'
i*,^-^tf>-*:
My move should not effect forwarding of parc^ls -iva,-,«
another raonth at least»» and I. hope very much your Trijt^d ntflyp
in touch with you so you can give him my new address (^jtboye) J^^
he has not already mailed the envelope. Pirst Class mß)^/yi^"
be forwarded to me without any problem. Too bad . I did^T^oV
know about this sooner. i/tfhen your letter camet I was putof.
tonn, followed by being sick (a rcure event but it did)^,^80 X,
just now picking up the pieces. l'
I had to postpone my triptto Surop« frora Mar^h tOt,^
I now hope, the raiddle of September. If it comes off, f- will' tser-
tainly let you know the details, since the firststop Will *» "i^
London. I am aiming at arriving around September 10/15/*^" *^
If you have an address for your friend whiler 4w^##i
this country, please send it, and I will try to call hiiir, 9cr )|e
knows I have not disappeared under the k feet of snow Ifhich t4^
fuses to melt here. I^iaybe by April we can live again.v'^'^ ; -t t^?
"<>*
Must r\in now and try to pacify th« otheJ?* 500
letter writers who think I don't care for thera • or elB« I qui^
altogether, neither being true. - ♦w*..« ^-4
Cc^
I-
4
<
ear Paul :
«
'T
viarch 29. 1978
1
»
the fat letter came today, sent by :rs. iidney Teague
<► «vv
of Birmingham, Alabama, A surprise to me of course since I had no
idea the gooclies would conie frcaxii /ila'caiüa. I ain very happy toji have
Lotte 's work, It is fascinatinß becaase, after all, she speaks of
own ancestors as well (Heymann Jonas married, as his second wife,
the niece of his first. The first wife was k the sister of hj^s (2ndi)
möther-in-law, my great grandmother i:.va Conitzer. I will certainlyl
translate it (no problem whatever) and can add a genealogicaj. Charta
a» well (I haven't checked, there might be one) . I also have the ' \\
exact data. I also have a very oute fotograph of Henriette ,Jonas, jj
as v;ell as of Grete, si Ludwig •s mother, wnom 1 knew well since after,
1933 she lived in i^erlin for a while, in Ludwig's apartment..
I See it is 5S pages and then some. But tbat*s not the
probern: time is. It will take ne a v/hile, seein^: what eise is ,
Pressing on ne (like two giant sets cf fanily Charts I have ^to re- \
vise by 1 Tay, cne of which happens to :e ludwig's Conitzers!) . . .„^
¥ 4
\
-'♦'«
"«
The tbree -notherless children of Keymann and Henriette
I know, too, since Henriette was of the sane ( Cohn) family a^ ray
graatgrandrnother. .;ife 2 of couBse was my grandmother Tartha, Segall/p
sister ./\/ell, you will see later. You did not mention whether you
know German, in which case you already know what the story teils, " j
The stylö is interesting, too, and I will try to preserve it closely.
Henriette Jonas had a son who went to owitzerland • Jiilius, ,with wJtipJn
I . corresponded for some time, and for the past 35 years I ha[ve beea,i
in friendly if infrequent correspondence with his two daught.ers.. I J
should menton Ähat all of these Jonasses have genuine artist^c ,talei^s
(unfortunately, Ludwig and his brother Wilhelm were the only /sons , j
of Grete to share it - except that Rudy was a good photographerK, sXf
beit no artist. I am a close friend of Julius* grandson Roy it Cpper^-
heim, also a good artist, who is "in" jwiss T\ in a rather responsibje
Position. I hope to visit that family whon I cor:e next ■^all, —
I can't wait to start. It is^the xhird of the fg lily reccrcs
(so.r.ewhat fictionalizai, >at tasic^Tly f aotual ' T rav? "been able tc .
v/ill cortai.
tc
et
r* ■>
..V
1 :i'::le 'Iccvent of interert
:n^v ;oft Yr/ nov/) . I will once
as -l'ic.vi^^s ne'/^hew in liev/
locato, anc
othex's beciJcS clo:-"e
again try to jet a
icrk}. .:e i? ?. hirtory proltissor anj "
he hates to writ?. Ittters. Vir: .:ctnor,
but I can't rj^t any an:='wer:' to pv r3C5nt letterc
of Tud viH;*s l-r^'^er 3:air:tiT\^*^, so (\c.i><^ hr:r -^irter
rred Jonas (both he and i scar have cieüi. ^ v/i2I
stop in iSew York on z:yr way bao: from jj^urppo, and
Kaybe we can get at least color f^-tos ii do pit;Xiy well myself in
si.T.oly fotographs), You shall hear from rne "presently. " — Don*t -
;.ioye to^« lar av/ay Irorn Icndcnl iiowever, I shall find you, no matter.'
If you happen to read AFCILC, Christie's aucticr jcurnal, ycu will
find in the T'^arch issue, p.212, a fine article by my cousin Eva Lewih
Clonitzer but a Richter, ar^d cur
terribly .ir.srican* wnich ^leans
CG, i? still living,
v:>^ has 3 nur^ber
who i^iarriew xxiiiaxx
(•»ar.e an efiort to
See both oi the:::.
1
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Dear 9auli
ßJCy^
Aug.23.1978
I ain glad to be ablo. at last, to givo ybu the details of
iiiy stay in London. I shall come in on( ctober 3,and leave on
the 13th. oince : y cousin had to withdraw her invitation to
stay with her in her hor.ie (it is still heing redecorated and
it seens to take forever), I shall be staying at one or the
other of the Yi CA hoteis , hopefully in He-istead. Anyhow, the
best I can do is to call you as soon as I know wherejiast and
;Jest is, sowe can set up a day to spend together proritaoly in
every way. I am really looking forward *o it. Did I teil you
that Gertrud Oppenheia (rtranz ilosenzweig's cousin) in South
Africa sent ne, years ago, three charcoal drawings of Ludjig s
Portrait of Kosenzweig, which I had copied before I sent them
back. They are v»ry fine indeed, if small.
» •
Cne of the paintingsl would love to discover is the
rarvellous portrait of rs. iihrenberg, Franz* grandrriother , whom
Ludv^lg painter soaetinie before 1910, I guess. iihe was over ÖO
then. iell, we will talk about all thi.s when I see you.
I have not gone further in translating the biography Lotte
7;rote - it is very heavy t going since it is quite a f ine work
of literature. not just a prosaci biography. So the iaions she
used nust be translated in the sarae spirit, and that takes more
tijie than I have just now. iflien I get back here in November
(I have to spend a week in California where ray son insists on
getting rnarried) I shall continue it. ^
A cousin of Herta Kochanovski recently called ne from New
YofcH (he wanted a copy of the fajnily tree of their begall family)
which brought to nind that 1 had not heard fram rJo»a either.
I will be going to Basel and see Koy Cppenhei.i, who is also very
iAterested in Ludwig 's work and spoke to Tora the last tlrae he
was in Israel (he travels a great deal) . He aight be useful
to US in getting contacts reopened.
See you after C et ober 3»
otay v/ell.
1h><: iS Norui^reo ,n rea-P^,^£ s^t^^
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Dear i-aul«
LCtober 20, I978
^1, * u ^^^'^ ^ -^^^^ '*^'^^* neither your letter of Jent.l nor
onat Ol oept.x^ reached ie before t 1 ei'l on :r:v lonf- trip throu^h
-central ana Ccthern ^urope, because T was reallv anxious to
;::eot vou. elfter discoverinA that your telephone nunber was not
in tne book, anä the infornation .<Tave np three wron-T F A 's
it was too late to v.Tit9, and since I had to nut four days fron
..V iondon stav, i was terribly pressed to do anythinr but 'y
officiai business, which was inportant but too ti.-rie-consui'iing.
'-PI. • 1^ fiiall have to ..eet In a couple of years then, as
■ iVi^^*^^^^'^?"ö ^o ...ake another trip, no.v that I know how to
(10 lt. It will acain rstart in Tondon but only lonf? na enou-h to
See you and another cousin v/ho had to be left out of thp i+<np-
rary. •--n^-
; I did see ..oy Lppanhein in :3aden (near ^lä^ich) and
fäentior.ed . o'-a -ilensky, he had not been back at her placa
and thus didn't know what the story Is. Hopefully, she is
still aiive and can perhaps asrist us in sorne wa^.
In Berlin, J. tried to locate irs. Jcheiniann ( "o-
senswei,^ s widow who re;r.arried} but she was not listed in the
oelephoneDoo.^, and possibly because is has died. The erand-
'nother .hrenb-^rg of ccurse is rr.entionöd Dro;.',inently, and some-'
waere 1 even have her year ol death, which would pinpoit the
pamtinp of her by lucwig. And 1 even have a -.le-ior-/ of havixjf
öeen a repDoctuction - but it ray have bc-en a photorraoh. not
j.udwiff»s work. f i . * "
i r-
our off er to put */e up is very kind indeed, but
i probably would have preiered the roon w cousin »^'Ot ne in
:-inchley .ioad, S2i.,;ply because it was directly near" the 'Jnder-
^.round and lost convenient indeed (also dirt-cheap) . y pro-
ble.i was to be as close as possibly to the British 'ibrary
where, it turned out, I spent four füll days with tarely ti'-e
to see nuch of the city. The weather was half and half,' the
ramy part Just right for bookwor.äs in libraries. but on the
/tri* <j
out -inr tool: a lot of picturss. üavini^, Xo*
jur.ny c;ays
ip;::j.r fall jrjst then, it v-as arother dav"lo5t""to "pt but
1 .-a.-^ intereste-i anyhnw m attendin^ quite difierent ser-ices
z-co. cum rier.?.— Thr; y ;Sa was inde--^c: t/ first choic?. '-ut
.. di3cc'-eref! that they ■•^ou'': ta\-e .e orriv for <!; .-•'gys beoan'^.»
Ol tna ivjf-a de vind for roo.s, and l^ days just wouldn't do.
. e-:t t^:;e x *'-.]! racv hett'/.anc besid^s, I . ;ay not have tc
spnc sc . uc- +V-0 inoide linr^rl««;.- y vis:.t in :jase] with
"S^^T'-V V *■'" •-^"'^■'^•■Pr (and .:ohr.} fa.ilJes, who is a cousin
o. ..iic'v.i,.r^: '.otror on both sides of th- parents, did nr,t hrcw
hl i .Tirn >ut ^c^^sw of oourse tlie >ujius ., onas faK ' flv.r:"lr*^
will
hal:".rct''gr snc his nasty sister-,, , anc 7 vnxi peno i her a
cop.r of '. otte'p •ar^'ellous stury about then. 1 to2c ^dith ( m^en-
..ujirr' oav^'-iter and Tucwi.~'s niece) and she can harci ,
v/ait for hers.
years vhich, .
of covrse thev
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is a ? iiTht shininf cn so;, e very trcubled
, iraculcuslv left ludv/i,? uni:ii:aired . Put
sc '- i-orecsions, cne of which surely
.''" •?
..ow thax I a^ back T a^n tryinp- to orranize the hur^^ la^s of
data ana docu :ni copies . collocte, as well as answering sone
60 lettoi^s wHic; CD. e in wnile I v/as ^one.
:aost an: 1 GUS to
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]n closp tourh wita ycu. let
/-ir l'now v/hat 1 can do at thir. ena tcwarc realizinf our fond
v/i3h to publish a suital^le onorrapl'^. on lucwif . I v;ill also
Qi'Z into 'Qy correspondence v/ith vudi, who lei't rne cc-e Cöcu:.ents
relating to the fate cf th^:» tv;o paintings by Uiuv;i^~ v;hich v/ere
exhibited at the .-orld's . air in 1939 # and reinained in the US.
Cne hangs in the office of the Israeli a^ibassador in Jashington,
and I have a color fotc (and the negative). The other ^ay have
jiPpn_sold. -^yer eis; a] , v;ho orfranizeo the erhibit, and has
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Dscember 2k, 1978
Dear Paul:// ()
ny thanlcs i'or your long lottei» of :iov.28,and regret as Tiuck,
as yjii do that I c )uld not gaze upon the wealth you have in the wjpks
of judwlg, Howevei», at 5S/ I pefuae to qiit ^or start worrying ab out
ret.ire-nent or a ce:neteT»y plot. So I am at it again and I do nlar to
c.rie to b. Tone again in 1S61, with e stop in ner'r? old Zngland Uist
long ea^ugh to seo you. So han^ on,
iiowevep, we jught not p^stnooe -.Jhat cai no.ssibly ün^^ by
letlep, r-o83ibly you have the iru^omiRtion elrsady, out I would lilce
to find out vrhich museu.'nB, in iupope or Isrfel, have works of his,
bince few or the.-n publishled) com.-^lete catslogs oC tbeir hildingo,
w.iet wald you think of a nicely-worded IfomTlettar, well produced,
waic!-. wo Id fisk the-n to give inji'or.ifati on on the works of LJ If they
nsve ary.^Or wjuld this oe i> hopeless e.'Jo.^t?
If y iu tbi-ik 5 letter :"ron me to ';or8 and/op Herta K.(who
.TiSy rer^ember -ne) v/ould »is? help, I will oe plad to CDr-eenond.
^Jon't wsnt to v^ait until I !?:et to -^srsel IpIso plrnned for 'PI.)
- should be very jrat ful i'or ka the edlress of hts i'ostep-
sons (Schuetz), .. know all ab Mit th-.^n aincftyijM taii<oJ « good ieal
abmt chem when he visited ne in Washington, D'? in 1S52 (l) pnd
I knw he edon*Äd uhem. It ■>4fj3 more lifee a io/e sffalr end vepy
platonlc at that. :Ie knew tV;e ooys' mother, too ( she livel in ^«jr-any
tl-on, : t'- ■-'-/.«), If they ese now .•'is lo2;al heira, it would b? of
interest to know what hsrpened to his cöllectlona, and <?3Deciallv the
nsgnifica.it little heeJ of ^>iperor Julian (which he op )ught wlth'hlm
for the exhibit on "he -and of the -.Iblo (opened hv no Isps k Wsshinp:-
ton figvire than Vice-Prasident "ixon) .
•^n Zurrich I hfi a chence, at long last, to sse Veiter Jo-
nas, pnysicelly not w?ll (bad bac<) ii± nantally very br-ight and a
fine painter,too. Uis recollaction of AUiy a-.d 'yaiwi:^ are -si not
pleasant, es they aoparently accused his Tather (Julius, teip helf-
opothep) of havins done too little .' or theip nothep,etc. 1 pins? the
-•azi yeep». Wtltep of c ourse knows it vas not lack of willinjness to
help, D^t t:.e jp >thep8 wepe unkind to rfsltep, w o nevep cared for
eithep. ut vvj ousineas oat a sldelight. Jn?t what banne ed is hard
t:> scj,
rrjr^ the biogrBohy (oO't*'sj v/e k::iv^ t.h^t ^ulius ßni h
18
Sist.-rs were a)t the kindesc stepsiblings ti hpve • eil Tsult of the
Tether co:iri)n to eil Ol tieca - f^ ill- :e i-:er*e .1 rai iv*...) ^ r&rer.tlj
u03d to hear you have ved so zho next lett r I 411 probnbly
oe role to seiii to i he new feidress. P: : One pröBte': i ll>e to rolve
is w-et'^.er tne fine dr^wiag oC fi: ol:! laiy is '.uiwicr's -other or
grf.n.:;ia©ther (his e::rr.ridraother vi^s '\y ^reüt,':r<^d'':other} . Tossiblv the
nictm^e I i i:;^ira night teil. 1 wbb told it fc the K:rfi^d^^ot^ler kva
Joait2-r, c-ri -or* ny Scfe^ I hope so. Ariele ^scar in T/C cio had
n c :)py, but now it is uith his wi^iow ( over SO) a^d ?be djesa't answer
her^ neil. ^^either do her sons- ;'' ) don t cere.
too«
Let me n:>w rs soon as you hnvr :^ved. -^'^nid best wishe? 'or 1S79,
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Reproductions sent to Paul Anthony U-5-79,
1. Foto of EVa Conitier drawir»
Sa '-5. *
2. Birkat Mamillah (Enc.Judaica Castellana)
3. Hunrfert.1«Hripo
^. cony of nortrait fsittine) jhr
■?. "The Harbour" (Jerusalem Post ? Mar. 1962)
6, Talphir's repro of " Jerusalem" (Tel Avir, 1971)
and list of Jonas oortraits at Valenciennes.
• •
/"
* • • •
September 28, I979
Dear Paul
Lots of GOOD news today, even if you will read thera some weeks from
now after return from your trip to South America:
. • • -
1. Ihave just received a very nice New Year's greeting from Franklin
f^ü^^i. n "* I alraost gave up as lost for good. Franklin is the younfter
son of Oscar Jonas, my old"uncle" who was Ludwig 's younger brother
and who was in the furrier business with their brother Fritz (Fred)
for ages. Oscar's widow is still alive and well, at 85, and is the
owner of a handful of Jonas portraits and prints. So is her sister
the widow of Fred Jonas, apparently also still alive at about 83 '
I hope to See both next June when I am in New York for a professional
meetmg. Canjt do it earlier. Franklin is interested in the faraily
past, so I hope to awaken a spirit of Cooperation in getting a list
of the worksthat the tv/o Jonas fanilies own in New York. -
2, I just received the copies of the paintings which you said you
would send. ,So I discovered that the"Hundred year old" foto is the
same which I preserved for sorae 40 years here, having cut it out of
the same issue of a weekly Supplement of the BERLINER TAGEBLATT where
it originally appeared. Durah as I was, I did not write down which issue
it was. But the back of the foto shows the name of the author and the
title of one of those novels which r weeklies used to publish in instal
raents, and possibly I can trace this through the huge national index
or German periodicals,etc. which we have here. In fact, even Ludwig's
name should show up, too. Those Germans were always very throrouch.
and invariably accurate... '' ^ *
i
^i L^"2y "°^ ^*^° "^^® Centenarian is. She is actually 96 years old.
at the time of the paintxing, and is NOT the grandmother of Franz
Rosenzweig but hs his greataunt, and I found it by finishing ray reading
of Lotte s biography, where it is clearly stated. What is missing is h
name. If she was 96 in I910/12, when the Portrait was done (I think)
she was.born around I820/30, and I hope to find Hans Ehrenberg, Franz
cousm and likewise a greatnephew of the lady - or eise HIS children
Hans Ehrenberg also owns the picture of XraraxxRHausÄXiwigXÄhiKlixkBiSKiHx
gaxHxtHxHaBisxShrBrüDKrgxiÄxhixxKüix tiis great-aunt, which hung in
Rosenzweig 's bedroom until he died, and which he 3bh gave to Hans Ehren-
berg in his Last Will. If Ehrenberg(who was iJewish or even iJewish)
got out of Germany, it should still exist. Edith Scheinmann, Franz
Rosenzweig 's widow, was one of the persons I wanted to visit in Berlin
but she was not listed in the telephonebook-maybe she had died by *
the time I visited last September. However, there are othsrs people
around who might know: Nahu-Ti Glatzer, the biographer of Rosenzweig,
lives in Boston or New York, and I corresponded with him previously.
I shall ask him about Ehrenberg, etc.
k. Thank you so much for the fotos of the paintings of Ludwig 's
mother Grethe, my grandmother 's eldest sister. BOTH are the same
Person, as can easily be seen by the big nose and the heavy jawl.
She looks almost exactly as I remeraber her from my last Visits to her,
when she lived with Ludwig in a small apartment in Haiensee (part of
Ber1i_n> . TMt-Was hßfnrp shp and her RDinstoT' rtanght oy« mnvpd nn to
^ola^ w^^ ^^°!? *^^'*® to Abazzia, near Trieste, where Grethe died in
lyjy. The sisters were both deported in 19J^3....
wof5;.+^^^'^ mentioned what paintings he had of his brother's, and I
^^^olo^ J^'^^'f^ *°.^!^ ^^"^ ^^^" ^ ^^^^ s^^ hi"» i" Washington D.C.
m 1952, or by letter later on. He was a bit of a loner. as in faot
was Ludwig, both very shy and reticent about themselves. I recall mv
^HnntT °^ ^°:^'^ °f^*^"'^ ^^^" ^ ^^^^ ^ ^°y («^^y orten came to visit
his aunt (my greataunt) Wally, who lived with my parents and me 1933-3Q
and supported her financially, making it possible for her ?o vlsit^ ^^'
her sister m Italy a oouple of times) .
5. I enclose a (bad) picture of the drawing of an old woman who I am
Evl Cohn'rnnft^" ''^l^^''^'^- ^J"^- ^^^ ^er Lther, my grea^grandmoth^r
1 ! Cohn Conitzer. Smce she died in I912 in Bromberg, that is the
latest the very fine drawing was done. itf All the f relatives got copies
No v^r S''^':°P^^f °^ coursein the homes of both Jonas families in
hevf York. No idea who had the original, now certainly .lostfor good.
6. Also lost for good is the painting Ludwig made of me. 'l didn't even
remember that I had a foto of it. Something went wrong while he
f?n?^h^r i^\^^^ \^^^f ^J^li^^ 1931 or 1932), and he refused to
wi?i? T J "'f''^^ ^^' ^^ refused to sign it, but gave me the canvasj
which I was able to rescue from oblivion, it came with ks my household
goods to San Francisco in 19^6, but it disappeared permanently while
ü^ Ifi V"? l '^^''l^L ^^ y°^S couples do, a few times around apartments
V l u J^sJ^ßay °f the San Francisco Bay area. I fo und .the charcoal
sjcetch by the merest of wonderful accidents sometime in 1973, and had
it iramed, and it now graces my bedroom. But the oil isaost.
7. My professional obligations keep rae busy 48 hours a day, so I have
not yet wirr written to Nora and Mrs. Kochanowsky. However, I shall do
so next week, I can hardly wait. I am now even more determined than
eyer to get a list of iudwig's paintings, and I am thinking of the
right wording for a letter to send to people who own works of his.
9. I t hink I mentioned that in 19^ (or 1939,rather) two of Ludwig's
paintings were exhibited at the New York World 's Fair. One is now in the
ambassador's Office in Washington D.C. (Mamillah Road, I tunk). The otheJ
IS ;iost"-Rudy tried to trace it and the last we know is that it was
m the hands of Meyer -Veisgall, the Organizers of the "Palestine" Pavil-
lon and one ofthe great Zionist Organizers of good causes,etc. Weisgall
died 2 or 3 years ago, but his papers are in Israel, so it may be possi-
ble to trace the other work . Because of the war having broken out, he
was asked to keep both paintings in the U.S. But only one is in the
Israeli embassy. God only knov/s what happened to the other. Weisgall
was authorized to seil it if a buyer would show up, maybe one did
I have the papers on the matter, which Rudy left with me in 1952. I did
write to Weisgall at the time, but received no reply.
More soon, I hope. As .for you, all you have to do is stay in
perfect health until you are 90, because it might take a few years
to complete our sacred endeavor. I have check biographies and works
on Corinth, Orlik, Pascin and Heckel, none of whom mention the young art ,
Student Jonas (no surprise) . But if he did a portrait of Pascin, as LottJ
teils, it may be listed in a complete inventory of Pascin 's works (or
art posessions) if there be such a list. I shall search a bit more...
November 26, 1979
üear Faul
tyVijtiy^
times when I recall that nie« savtL *ho+ ♦? ? 2!?^*^^^; ^?* *^®^® «^«
ways. it sae.s today f h^d'%%Sf^i;;f.:JS: o^'iinr^?^^ iS t^lf'^"«
of last week's^-Äu- 'I.'^iiiJT "? ?^^* °^^^«« ^^' ^°^ö a copy
last, a copy of Lotte'e biographv of Lu^iJ i« JSfJK^n^^^v^; ** ^®"«
is the daugher of the Jui?»« Tn«L k ^ *° ^^^^ Oppenheim, who
was a boy fthey'were'of^coü^sf 2?ep!S?o^erl) "^d??h*Lf "Ü« "f" ■*«
lady not far from ny ape (vestardav i ?..Il^lJ'^ns *? ^* ^ oharmlng
painter and lnu3tritof(of bast-aellw^Mi $2' '. ""!"," accompllshed
Sharps -^y Interest in the faSv hiato?? So fi 2^ \ '"'""''• ?"? "^^
death o?^Sdith*!o«n*wei^-ISh^inn^i''"l?2 " ^^J? «""»«ncement of th.
ahe died tiovember 15 ) * ^"** ^ ^".^ ^ Baden-Baden.wher.
you a translItloS sh™tlt Eut^lh» L^? ? IJ^'-^'l.and I shall 3.nd
duct^nn ^-r^ -ho^ T u 1 x -0/^6 we can f^et a color repoD
I wafJn .iohinSo, .'" .'r:.^?:''?ho'"!ib*a^ Jl^*^ ^" Octob^^rwhen
h-a..L-ec!3 Of othfra. 'tirte^e^oneSookf cl^esf QeSf ^SlJ?»::«
i'a^^oi'?-?:*' ™"'^:^ '"'''" ^°'"^' "«'• address thonS: w" wilf"^
Of -r=. 1o3o„z,,oie.3 death - whio!, in tum .-:ave Ve hte soi^faldress
.»eil, so .auch for tcday. Julte a day.
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BYAIR MAIL
AIR LETTER
PAR AVION AEROGRAMME
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P.O. BOX 7978
ANN ÄRBOR, MICHIGAN 48107
January 17, 1980
üear Pauli
that vou «^^1?/°?;*^ ^'"""^ f4^® Khrenberg, In London. I am aura
tnat you can call, if you want to. J-rofeasor Shranber^ (tha aon of
work S;^- - i* ^°'' ^o com« and saa it. Apparantly it naada aoma
thi T,f?«J; *"? *' a paintar you mlght be abla to au^geat aid. If
tha painting la gotting old. it would ba vary wondarful it it could
ba raatorad. trofaaaor iSlton's nama waa givan to naby Mr RaShaal
Kosanzwaig. tha aon of Franz. I think I maStionad thit I diicoy^rad hia
addrasa at tha tima he announcad hia .-.othar'a daath in tha JSmS uSa
Aüi-BAU (mgliah and Garrnan language waakly publiahad in Naw York by Jawa
from Central i^urope) aver aince Icarne to this country in 1941? and foSJd
Innumarable namaa and addrasa of ralativea and so on^ not to maStlon
biographias. But if I want to publiciza Ludirig, I hiva to So it ivSalf
he has not baan mentioned yet... . « » *o ao ix myaeir,
K«„ 4.V l ^^ sorry to report that naither Nora nor Di*. Koehanowaki
have thus far electad to raapond to my lettars. «ritten in plJin^armwi
80 thay would have no language Problems, i ay hava to wait tili I «T^
?J ?o 4^ *^°^; "*°*y P'^P^* ^^° **°"'^ *«cept a Nu when they nead a ya«.
It is in a good cauaa, needleaa to say. '
I arn off to Chicago next week but will be back bv the weekend
and more work than ever. Do let me know whether you Sd a chanJa to '
see Ludwig'a Portrait. l.iyba it can be photographed dacantly and in color. .
Youra, i)n a hurry.
e »1
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/
C. PAUL ANTHONY
PICTURE RESTORER
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Dear Pauli
"'^^Vn^'M/Vha»^
Decenber 13, I98O
I •'rush" to answer your letter and to acknowle-ige the re-
ceipt of the magnificent color foto of aunt Julie» which looks like
it was completed yesterday, I am a little proud to have indirectly
led to its rBBSurrection, How fortunate that her relatives feit
strongly enough to have her restored, and how sad that Ludwig could
not learn of it. My special thanks for your extra effort,
I wciild have v^ritten rauch earlier but was delayed, and
am still delaved, Vy m;,^ cousir4 Franiclin Jonas, v/ho is, I am sorry
to say it, Ludwig's'nephew. He is a nice guy, I tret him finally
(again, after 25 years) last surnmer in Uew York, and he promised
faithfully to gi'^^ ^^ ^^^ addresses of his brother (near
Washington, DC,where I will be (again) in January) -a^id of his Cou-
sin William (Fritz Jonas* son) . Both have Joxias paintings and
etchings. Problem is how to gct people who are lazy about writing
letters to do just that.
I also visited Doris Jonas t Oscar 's widow, now 89 and not in
too good a shape (hard of hearin^).She now lives in a nice apart-
ment füll of Ludwig's paintings (not necesarrily the best). There is
however a very nice seif Portrait , smaül, from the 192Cies. I was
not able to take a foto of it, hcpe to do it next time. iVill lam
Jonas now lives in Albany, another 200 miles north of i\ew York.
I knoY/ he has the interesting (for me) interior *iew of tbe Frank-
furt home, the living room with the raonstrous round table, which
I admired in 192?, 53 years ago, Khen I first visited the Jonasses
in their Prankfurt home. There are others. iMow that I am sure I
have at least William 's address, I will write to him and try to get
a description of the paintings he has, Because the distances are
great and the airfHre requires a Rothschild bank account, 1 have
no idea when I can do it, To rcly on William or Franklin (who is
a busy professor of history) to help is hopeless. And both their
mothers too old. Only mitigating circuinstance is that the works of
Ludwig which they have are not altogether the great raasterpieces of
later years. But some would be important as they show his develop-
ment from the rather dull and colorless early pieces to the radiant
bursts of color of his last Jerusalem years.
I must confess I have not yet (lack of time) written to the
American addresses you gave rae, ut will do it this week. I am over-
whelmed with werk, unfortunately not half as interesting as your
restorations. I saw the new archibishop of Canterbury on Canadian
TV recently, he seems to be 9 feet tall and more wordly than smrae of
his predec'essors. To think that I remember the AB of Canterbury who
crowned George VI. When I visited his cathedral in 19^f he was absent
and in 1978, I raanaf^ed to glance at Lambeth ?alace, no time to say
hello. Now I am an old man of 6I and complain of arthritis, and the
high cost of traveling. But I usually have to keep it qui** because
most of my life-long letter-compagnions are over 80 and still going
streng. So we children have to shut up.
You may just have a Chance, if you get near the British Libra-
ry, to See the magnificent memorial volume published for Walter Jonas
of Zürich, the son of Ludwig's halfbrother Julius. Walter died in
1979 and his friends compiled a very fine book with many brilliant
color reproductions of his paintings. That is what I hope we could
do for Ludwig, except that getting even BW reproductions of paintings
in private hands seems nearly impossible.
Madame ■^ilensU never ^^^f^^^^f ii^J^^renl'^i'in'^^ingU^
Herta Kochanowsky did - somevrhat incoheren ^ ^^^^ Pai^t-
when in fact I wrote to her i;j/^^2^:.^^;hl?s? a sn^ll act U^^ude)
ings.did not describe *^^" : , ^^^l^^li^^t one . they are bathing), and
and 3 boys at the Wannsee ^^^^^J^re his l4st residence on Ma-
a boy lying on a couch. » ^oß^$%?^® „! and another etchingC?)
millah road. an oil painting 0^^^^°^®^^» ^r ^m have to answer
SftSSae bathing boys.. ^l\Zlik ofmconkl^^^'^c. How to get
her anyhow, since she is a cousin of my c ^^^^ ^ ^ousin
^ora to sound off I ^on't know. but I^^J/^^d diPlo^J^iJ^f ^
Heins Friedlaender visit her. «^ is eioq ^j^^^ ^^ night be
lives -nearby.- If I S^^don-t hlvfa cSance to go «Vsel^- ^ .
able to make her moye. I J^^ */^''®Best wishes and have a good
- .. ♦ Parly next year. ß«s^^;J ^^ New Yearl
>%J^c.^**^^iw' /p<?/
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I
Dear P
aul:/^^Hf
July 4. 1932
Zov» sonv 1 äin to saa that yoiir nlca letter of Janur.ry 3 has not
been anawoifed yö.^ It c^r/iö when I .-'as slowly bu" surely net'^ln? bade on my
'v/orlrlns c&e/. and %vu5 Tairly tireu üfter hal'-^döy at :y/ Ufcrar/ dösk* Veanwhll«
\o\s Ol exc^arcise and a ttui^y /Dung hearl, und -Tlth T\ic:\hd dcler-r.inaUcjn noy
lo glve iip 'xic easüy, f eo^ ruch r)5 ry 3'T9r■J^^- bar/^.. o^er: If T Jou't Keep 16
hcur workclay.^ an^-rriOrc. Ca Joly "" . ' di! rc:i±^- 'h-::n n.y lc^:orj c-nd hupe to .
hav3 lofr; !r,w*;c: Uno fi^r reseärcü jL^il .vrltiucr^ 3sptjjlaHy siaco I do noL xeel
up io TjLl^je ivcii: alrcady^ aad niy uxdijai (pöld)l63iva is exDJrigcu So I will
Lcpc r// re •i:*e~j:i«:'iu irtcjuie vyiU kec-i: me above v/ater. An ?or what to de 'vlth all
tliat Ii'ci«3 tiiTiS- I hava no problÄir» excepi: that I probshly v»dU never have en>ugh
fo uc all ike ÜiOQS J an: pan ing ""o do. —
1 'eoiA-hiU, X firully had a Idtter Irom V711liairi JonciS, *he oldest of the
iiiinuwCnL ü* ^vij^r^cjc hs t:/:J c iiephev; of Lud^jrrlcf. Yei, :bey own a few of hls
painünjü auci l:c scr o: prcmiied to iroke me a desciipHuc Ms- of ssrrc. Not
hl cili SU.U h;j v;iii, baLig such a bv^y bureaiirrs'' in thc Mov/ York Ptai:6 qovern-
ment u-iai he ir«. Her^.-^er; and Ficnklin sal.^ no*>.fiiig, But rio^e Herbert livee
near V-a'^hincjtc-i !:?r 2ud ^ranVlir In ^Yv; YorV, T Vope tp sae bcLh of them
i!>Cctx)b:r^ '/rhon! pla;^ t) .^or!< In >>c h ::! Ics or rt-^r-jroh prjblcüis,
I huc r.L* rc;/'ie:: fr: n T3rucl .vnatur^-Vtbr. I um av^fuliy 5?orry to höar dboit
yox v;ifc',^ illuebc , ucv: that 1 had a cerlons one rnyself, T dr? more aware of
'.vhat C1I4 a-^3 iT^iXin:^ to i-cc patient and hl^ faT!lv#.^nd you yoursclf huid heart
attcicks lo nc, btifcre tc, I 5^1're hcps ;'C'rjr he^lth ha»'? Improved slnce Janivsry^ ■
I do ho--e tn cüir.e to Er.gi?trid r.pj:t vcnr, If T can flnc^ Mie rlo"^^ Inanclng/ aad
at th^t -tLT.e I cert:?..lnly 'v'ill look yoü up, Porr/ tc Y.z-zX h thai v^ou gavc ^ your
v/ork for the rhurch^ I hsd a very ple^^jar.t momcr/: r^\CT ! saw .ae Archbisliop
of Carterburv s- i-be ':Ci:i;j al;z.r with Pope Tc^hn Piul IT - rhj bccause I think
the unJcu .vill ^vcr ot^uic to pciia bu^ bocause of thegroat nonient in hls'ory
v/hidi che p'-^pe'ii visit rapresented. I ^m alvay? rjre^tV/ lripros?red hy e^'ents
wliich, Üko tbXs j:Ki^ rt^nlrdn uts of ^'^hnt Is Imrcrtin* bc/ord L]:e e^/ening m
nov;s of 'he cli/. v^^ uld na^^? lc\'ci '-c b.? In "-h-t Cc^hf-fcil v;ben "hey vero
tDc^th^n- - I visl^^d Cr.r.*:crb.ar/. !r !C^? arc' .va? o'vV:r/;hlo^r'3d. Ard J r::: neither
a Papist ai^ m Anrncvn, ' i' vjvc* --^J'? Ccrdlnsl ^^^.7r.»l^. :hat rhe v/hola
EngllL-'^ refctiTcLion v.^G3 a niavter c: politlc.:; , not o!: n-3ed, which lf5 why he
converted at the age of 4S andll^/ed ^no'her <z ycc.r^ as a crcod CathoUc.
— -Yes, you must wa ch vcur welghl hecause l!" reac's neqatlvcly on y^ur
heart^ as I have iearned a blt la^e bu' I hope r:^- '00 l^trj.-— : jcvr :\ ccpy of
Lotto* s Geraan bioqrsphy of ^ udxvlci ':> hls half-niec.^ üdi'ih I:nür> Oppenheim
ix:3fear Basel , and hoped for «o/ro cotrimon , but norc "^.;!e. I gu?;"r sie
dld not apprerdale the plcture 'K?^ '»"^.or^es .:" I^er f:^t'^rr ^.c^d hi^ -avgbi'y
sistern, '•he toelina v/es mu ual: Jul* ifi Jcno^. vvas rc* ÜkL»*^! by ."*arggrc'e*3
cMldrer.. V'^ei 1 ^'Isited V/alter Jenas (also in 1973), ha had little o say
<;i>ou^ Ludwig or Rudolf which Indico'ed he Uked then^. It was mutual, T am
sure. — ^^y clabetes Is ander good con roU but of course I have to watch what
I eat, and my diet since ^he heart attack is no^ worth men ionlng, food has
lost my interestdike my mother, I was a real gourmet in my better days J«
f^r* pT^nl Anthony
13, Castle VlGTv Gardens
WBSTHAM, PEVENSEY
EAST SÜSSEX BN 24 5 HP EN^T.AND
hc
^ ^* «« a^ «
1.1 •. ~ xV
i*? Tr^jel! ci'^'--^'-^ -^^r^y^i"^ '^je'^e? vTortli u^yl!i<;#
as scc-i is I hü73 che tL:ie* Thert 'ire U'sraU-; hun^^ds of art lalleries In New
York and ihere Ig FxO easy vmy to find out v/helrher any has T.ud>*4^i*3 \vx:)rks. If he
were Vemeer vsn Delft er PlESänx) or Ct-izrinne fof v/horr he re^lnds ißc^ mcst)^ It
wouldbe no probiem, CJince all fanoas \vorlcs sr? Interna ;i.-'^ 5 T.y ^cnlnVfed and the
i^coti'jn caa prosumabiy be found ^;l£ er mi5uter record« . ^m^ frr 'e^ser V.noTArTi paiii-
ter3^ it iö a poblem* rc-^ertheless, I will see ^vhat ! can find -^tit vrbfr ! ?o to
Nev; Yori'v-- Äs to patntings In T;3rael, those tn i?rfcU: miißeum:? vjictIv ":. be on
reccrd^ Indeed» I have recently correspond»=5d v;ith ^ezMel Narkl^s, the top art
tcacier la JirusalamCor all of Israel)^ and I will wrlte to hlm and ask. V/ho kaows«
Ue rjiay haveknov/n Ludwig*
All tlie best to you and your wlfe, aad let us keep in
.y.
* «*
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1 an vwy htpnr iad»«« t» Imv« yeii
•«•aäy y«st«fdfy. I an Uad to tha \»u— jMt «ft fririmtt air Mft uilr
*y.r „a.d.a „^ »otor wMoh 1. baiag l«.Äd1SS^
I must startad wltb an apology Pirat Claas baoaata t ditf raoal^ ^ «i«i ^«Li^
•tchlng, and I can't flg«,* out why I v^ald noTlSl adS^U^^
obvloualy forgot lt. It 1. a nico addltlon to «y pÄ^Sü IJt aiu^^i.i.^
It anc appreclat. your wilUngnaa. to part wlth i «py. ThISci m? «IS'^
• Wy <»"sln^Ariiiiam Jonas, ha vlngwrittantomaonci.'i^diifttr^^
New York Buffalo and Toronto, Slnca Albany. whara wlUlain llvas, l7notVa8at
far away.^ 1 w 1 tty to stop there Just long anough to make feto« of tha SttiaSi
seme m MM»«<aofi«cna»teM>c Washington, whara Harbart live«, and In WawTMkWhar.
frw. 1«% 'Tr* "^r"^«'^*' '-« I manuonad aarUar, has a .i<^ aelf-^i^fa'J^
«•.^ /^ In ^^*^ ^ '*°***» *° *?" ""y probably last trtp to Europa - in England. At Ikat
^a <detalla a«xt yaar) I wül coma and «aa you. I al«> .«.nt to «at te toudi AthÄaaa
i!^Ü Li ^''' **''*^'* thraa-inontha vlslt, coontin, on my docfi. iJ^^ „T^U
S^''«^*' ?^:Ü?'*?' *"w ^* "^»^^ ^ * ~'* •njoyabla, loiaanrfy ttp S^h tSi
b^parts of Burope »ucha.,Swadan.Damnark.Natharl.nda, a alop L^^uTlSgy?
a mlllion-dollar trip. bat if I can do oiott of It with a Eiaopaa», It will ba -^^
U «y aon-ln-law will teck «a for part of it. At any «^ «n dfa^a^S^Ä-alan
Nfirki8s.i«,t sent me a ettar on aoaathlng quiu oüfarant. k>w I wUi wrtta^ hte aSrt
Retlrement is raal bU«., Ladwlg'a worka. I dtd^/t kaaw.. .
I ha VQ so many projacts (wiritlng,pubU«hlng, rasaaroh, travol) | waata av«v
SrifZri^'^^ ^T^ "'f,',*° * ^•'- so I and up d>ing a Uttla of aacJ" iTga^r^
half done. beceuse I am sUU worklng at the Ubrary (2-3 houri in tha PM).
^^""^""^staxwellso wecanhavea oouplaof dayaatlaasttoiaavour
palntlngs and talk about marry old England. I hava a faaUng wa hava maay thoaghta in
*?T.^iM T" T •»«««" /«H?*°"^ " PoUUcal. What you sald about tha huntlag aaason
ItinTiH^«? ^^'^^'^V ^\*^* ^«11' «^«'V Idiot haa to go huntlng daar (tha ^. Itand.
th.ll K 7'V^^" ^ -^'k ara half daserted so all tha huaband« and fathara oan abandon
^ w^k°. tona ha7f Of'^"^'"' ^«u»* tha daar «uat b. ah*, and tha .aa-oTl. only
♦^«T J? 'w^ V° °°"'"' ^' "^'^ **""*«" «^« •hor(accidantally. thay aUrayi aay)
L^oh fof ' ' ** ''^"* '''' ""^ "^" ^•^ "~' "**^ «*' ^ •^^^. WalT^
■„UÄ,-^j^
thrj« block. o£ our hout«. Durlng thos« afttmooni« t^Tdb ommSiniSw^^
and we have the dty to oursalvet. . .) # '^ « «mr mppMg «wvtovm«
!<.*t*^"^. Ijnentloned that iMw the pop« and the archblshop of Canterbury walk 0^^^*
isleofhisbeautifulcathedral. Holding hands. What would Haniy VTO te^ ^irf?
of^l^t'.f'r'm *• J**?'"'' "^"'^ ^^* been delighted. ! recenTy^^ An»
1944 , I stood at the spot A-here Becket was murdered - and för one who 1« nuah i««!! ^
oalns laimensely In perception. — Ye«. yai are very rnnch correct in your pawlSl
about overpopulation. It also Is an Issue most Israelis don't seem ^t^Zt^n^tSLt
will the Sephardlc minorlty (the JEws from North AMca and Near fo st etc ) S?««.^?2L
rlty Jew^sh populatlon, but wiMi our own llf time yet, the ^l o^rs;?!!*^^«?!^!^^
IZZl P°"^^"y' «^^^^y «««»»s to worry about, It «hould give them pause/to tto
STams wm lff!nmf '^''fV' *"^^«^^^^« ^ everybody. It se«ns that AraLfs^^
blXn. A- ^l^"f "f ^ «^^^ ^y «ny «»ia«<J Arab acüon. but by the destructlon of l«Sl
by Menachetn Begin & Company: the fanatics looainq all oontrol and conscienc« ^ »--'
they go telUng everybody thay canoot understand why everyboi. is i^J^^j!. «n^ tSj^K i
pol tlcal and Mllt^ry declsions(as those of a sovereign aXemLc^afc ^te) are »^?
buslnesa. How benighted can they get? . "»«^"«c eia»; are noMdy»»
Well . I äo hope you and your good wife will both recover fully by the tim« t • a». ««-
Net Y^rk S^t^fi^"''? «several eitles of our decadent eastern «tates (Washto^J
New York, Boston) ni and an always dcUghtful few days in Toronto, the next h^M^
to going to Europe (more ethdte groups and more Europin-like at^ephLilSin^tÄ.
eise on this continent (except Montreal, wffch in epots oome« dose to^rl^. ^^^^
With best wlahes and kindest regards,
t Yours
i
ve
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Dear Paul:
February 24« 1983
It has been wekks since I made a determined effort to get all those
plctures together whlch I took In October and November of last year. My slx
weeks on the road were a roaring success, as I brought back some 20 pounds of
research documents, all of whlch I had to get sorted and labeled and worked
on, and slnce I also worked as a part-tlme Consultant to my old library, I just
never found the time to write fome very important letters, llke thla om .
Ihope you will excuse the Inexusable, and accept the t>lctures as a small
contrlbutlon to your coUection of Ludwlg's works which you do not have In the
original.
It tunis out that Doris Jonas, Ludwig* s slster-ln-law in New York, now
pushlng 90, has rather few of any paintings or etchings, but that for some reaa> n
his brother Fritz managed to bring over a lot more. Those are now hanging in the
hoiaes of his widow (Meta) in Albany, and in the home of her son William. I
had a few nice days wlth them, some 35 yearsafter I saw them last. All of
Ludwlg's nephews are really very inteUigent young (relatively) fellows, Willii«m
is a high level educatlonal administrator with the State of New York (Albany being
its capitol), Herbert Jonas (Oscar' s older son) is a financial wizzard working
for the IRS overseas (nice Job indeed) and Franklin, the late-coming vounger son
of Oscar, is a PhD and teacher of history in Nev; York. William is the last of
the Jonasses to have been born in Germany (Frankfurt an der Oder), I remember
his mother when she was a brlde in the double wedding of hers and her sister
Doris with Fritz and Oscar Jonas, in 1926(1), whenl was the flower boy.
As to the paintings. I tltik you will agree that even the best of them show Lud-
wig's abillties in his earlier years, and as a bloody layman, I cannot Judge just
how important any of them is. I was impressed with the paintings ofiihis mother,
whom I knew qulte well when she llved in Berlin (1933) and before that, in Frankfurt.
The stillifes, of which there must have been dozens, don't move me much. All
of the paintings were restored some 20 or so years ago, so the colors are probably
as bright as they ever would be, since Ludwig, like Liebermann before him, did
not llke bt«nlng bright colors in the years to 1933 (whlch I think is the year of the
last of the Jonas-owned paintings.
So that I think that whatever you have tsday may be the better part of
Ludwlg's works, those done in the lastten years of his life, when his style got
closer to Kokoschka (my Impression, merely). It palns me to think that I cannot
come to Eunspe THIS YEAR after all, money being only one of the problems. I will
be better off next year, and hope you will take good care of yourself so v;e can
have a nice leteurely visit. ^ ost likely in K'ay or June. Right now I have a rotten
cold and can barely brealh, but It should be over by Sunday.. .
Please vrrite soon agaln.
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