Full text of "The complete works of John Lyly"

CENTRE
for
REFORMATION
and
RENAISSANCE
STUDIES

VICTORIA
UNIVERSITY

T 0 R 0 N T 0

çE'O T H1/ ES.
THE &NATO MY
OF çVYT.
[] Very pleatânt for ail Gentle-
fary to remember:
herin are contained the delights
that Wyt folloveth in his youth by the
pl¢afauntneffe of Loue, and the
happyneffe he reapeth in
age, by
the perfe&neffe of
Wifedome.
¶By lohn Lylly Marier of
Atte. Oxon.
çlmprinted at London for"
Gabriell EEood» del-
l/ng in Paules Church.
,atde.

FACSIMILE OF TITLE-PAGE OF LYLY'S FIRST NOVEL
From the copy of thc Editio Princeps (Dec. 178 in tire Britih useum

THE COMPLETE WORKS

JOHN

LYLY

NOW FtgR THE FIt(ST TIME COLLECTED
AND EDITED FROM THE EARLIEST QUARTOb
WITH LIFE» BIBLIOGRAPHY, I.I.qSAVS
NOTES, ANI» INDEX

By
R. WARWICK BONI), M.A.

Sad patience that waiteth at the doore.--The l;ee.

Ceux qui ont été les prédécesseurs des grands esprits, et qui
- ont contribué en quelque façon à leur édueation, lenr doivent d'être
sauvés de l'oubli. Dante fait vivre Brunetto I atini, Miiton du
Bartas; Shakespeare fait vivre

VOL. Il
EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
THE PLAYS

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
IIDCCCCII

HENRY FROWDE M,A.
FUBL|SHER TO THE UN|VRSIT¥ OF O][FORD
].ONDON» EI)INBURGH
NEW YORK

CONTENTS

VOLUME I

GATE OF THE REVELS OFFICE
LIFE OF JOHN LYLY
EUPHUES :
DISCUSSION OF THE TEXT AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF EDITIONS
TITLES, &c..
ESSAY ON EUPHUES AND EUPHUISM
EUPHUES--THE ANATOMY OF WYT {TEXT)
, ,, ,, ,, , (NOTES)
BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX
ENTERTAINMENTS (INTRODUCTION)
,, (TEXT)
A FUNERAL ORATION
NOTES :
ENTERTAINMENTS . .'.
A FUNEILAL ORATION
NOTE ON SENTENCE-STRUCTURE IN EUPHUES
ERRATA AND ADDENDA TO THE THREE VOLUMES

VOLUME II
TITLE-PAGE OF ]UPHUES, l°T. I
EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND (TEXT)
THE PLAYS :
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
ESSAY ON LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT .
CAMPASPE (INTRODUCTION)
,, (TEXT)
SAPHO AND PHAO (INTRODUCTION)
,, ,, (TExT)
GALLATHEA (INTRODUCTION)
,, (TEXT)
NOTE ON ITALIAN INFLUENCE .
NOTES :
EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
CAMPASPE
SAPHO AND PHAO.
GALLATHEA

PAGE
FrontislMece
I

85
106
J77
327
4o4
41o
509

538
539
542

Fronlis2biece
I

362
]69
429

486
54 °
554
564

iv CONTENTS

VOLUME III

AUTOGRAPH LETTER Or LYLY (Feb. 4, I6o2-3)
THE PLAYS (CONTINUED) :
INTRODUCTOR¥ MATTER OF BLOUNT'S EDITION .
ENDIMION (INTRODUCTION)
,, (TExT)
,, ESSA¥ ON THE ALLEGORY IN
MIDAS (INTRODUCTION)
,, (TExT)
MOTHER BOMBIE (INTRODUCTION) .
,, , (TEXT) .
THE WOMAN IN THE MOONE (INTRODUCTION).
. , . (TEXT}
LOVES METAMORPHOSIS (INTRODUCTION)
,, ,, {TEXT)
THE MAYDES METAMORPHOSIS (DOUBTFUL)--
(INTRODUCTION) .
{TExT) .
ANTI-MARTIIIST WORK, Ac.:
PAPPE WITH ANHATCHET (IZTRODUCTOX)
,, ,, ,, ,, (TEXT)
A WHIP FOR AN APE (INTRODUCTIOhQ .
,, . . (TEXT) .
MAR-MARTINE (PART OF)
THE TRIUMPHS OF TROPHES
POEMS (DoUBTFUL) :
LIST OF SOURCES
INTRODUCTION .
TEXT . .
b:OTES :
ENDIMION
MIDAS
MOTHER BOMBIE ,
THE WOMAN IN THE MOONE
LOVES METAMORPHOSIS
THE MAYDES METAMORPHdSIS .
PAPPE WITH AN HATCHET .
A WHIP FOR AN APE, &c.
INDEX OF FIRST LINES OF SONGS OR POEMS
GLOSSARY TO THE THREE VOLUMES
GENERAL INDEX TO THE THREE VOLUMES :

Frontis;bie, e
PAGE I
6
lo6
x64
229
239
289
299

333
34

388
393
45
47
47

433
434
448

503
519
537
54
563
569
573
s89
59
596
6o

SYMBOLS, ETc., USED IN THE TEXTUAL trOOTNOTES

EDITIONS are referred to by the letter attached to them in the List of Editions,
pp. oo- 3 ; where no such letter is attached, by the date, actnal or supposed, of
the editiou. The reading of the text is always that of A for Part I, or of M for
Part II, nnless otherwise specified. Where the reading of either of these appears
in the footnotes, the reading adopted is that of the next edition (T in Part I, A in
Part II) or of the earliest in which the error of A or M is corrected.
Every footnote implies a collation of ail the old editions down to x636 , exeept
those marked with a dagger in the Lift, i.e. except those of x585, 587, 6o,
6o6 of Part I, and of 58-$9a, 6o 5. 613 of Part II, thongh for 58a (G) of
Part II I bave reproduced the variations or omissions reported in Arber's text.
For example, ' a3' or ' C-E' attached to any variant or omission reported implies
that all collated editions before and after B, or before C and after E, follow the
reaing of the text.
' Rest' after a symbol ( G test,' ' Frest ') implies the agreement ofall snbsequent
editions with that denotetl by the symbol.
' Before ' and ' after ' always relate to some worcl or words addçd, not to words
merely substituted, nor to a mere transposition.
'Only' after a symbol means that the word (or words) cited in the note is
unrepresented by any word at all, ]ike or unlike, in the other collated editions.
If a word cited from a hne in the text occurs more than once in that line, it bas
a small distiuguishing number affixed to it in the footnote ; thus, hist].
Unless the footnote be solely orthographical, the spelling given therein is hot
necessarily that of any other edidon than the tiret named in snch footnote.

,To the Right Honourable my

very good Lorde and Maister, Edward de Vere,
Earle of Oxenforde, Vicount Bulbeck, Lorde of
Escales and Badlesmere, and Lorde great
Chamberlaine of England, Iohn Lyly
wisheth long lyfe, with eno
crease of Honour.

T HE first picture that Phydias the first Paynter shadowed, was
the protraiture of his owne person, saying thus: if it be
well, I will paint many besides Phydias, if ill, it shall offend none
but Phydias.
In the like manner fareth it with me (Right Honourable) who
neuer before handling the pensill, did for my fyrst counterfaite,
coulour mine owne Euphues, being of this minde, that if it wer
lyked, I would draw more besides Euphues, if loathed, grieue none
but Euphues.
Since that, some there haue bene, that either dissembling the
faultes they saw, for feare to discourage me, or not examining them,
for the loue they bore me, that praised mine olde worke, and vrged
me to make a new, whose words I thus answered. If I should coyne
a worse, it would be thought that the former was framed by chaunce,
as Protogenes did the foame of his dogge, if a better, for flatterie,
as Narcissus did, who only was in loue with his own face, if none at
ail, as froward as the Musition, who being entreated, will scarse
sing sol fa, but hot desired, straine aboue Ela.
But their importunitie admitted no excuse, in-so-much that I was
enforced to preferre their friendship before mine owne faine, being
more carefull to satisfie their requestes, then fearefull of others
5 Lyly M24B: Lilly a 1617, 163o-3t : Lily 'H: Lyllie t623: Lylie 1636
9 portraiture a rest IO it] I 14 were ' rest 19 the oto. rest
bore to me a': bare to me H rest my a" rest 22 foame] forme a rcst
of before a E 23 lqarsissus ./IB 24 forward E Musitions
H rest 2 7 owneJ owe A

4 THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY
reportes: su that at the last I was c6tent tu set an other face tu
Euphues, but yet iust behind the other, like the Image of Ianus,
hOt rQning together, lik the Hopplitides of Parrhasius least they
shou[d seeme su vnlike Brothers, that they might be both thougbt
bastardes, the picture wherof I yeeld as commun ail tu view, but
the patronage onely tu your Lordshippe, as able tu defend, knowing
that the face of Alexander stamped in copper doth make it currant,
that the naine of Cesar, wrought in Canuas, is esteemed as Cam-
bricke, that the very feather of an Eagle, is of force tu consume tbe
Beetle.
I haue brought into the worlde two children, of the first I was
deliuered, before my friendes thought mee conceiued, of the second
I went a whole yeare big, and yet when euerye une thought me
ready tu lye doN'ne, I did then quicken : But good huswiues shall
make my excuse, who know that Hens du not lay egges when they
clucke, but when they cackle, nor men set forth bookes when they
promise, but when they performe. And in this I resemble the
Lappwing, who fearing hir young unes tu be destroyed by passengers,
flyeth with a false cry farre from their nestes, making those that
Iooke for them seeke where they are not: Su I suspecting that
Euphues would be carped of some curious Reader, thought by some
false shewe tu bringe them in hope of that which then I meant not,
leading them with a longing of a second part, that they might
speake well of the first, being neuer farther from my studie, then
when they thought mee houering ouer it.
My first burthE comming belote his rime, must needes be a
blind whelp, the sec6d brought forth after his rime must needes
be a monster. The une I sent tu a noble man tu nurse, who with
great loue brought him vp, for a yeare: su that where-soeuer he
wander, he bath his Nurses naine in his forhead, wher sucking his
first milke, he can-not forger his first Mastet.
The other (right Honourable) being but yet in his swathe cloutes,
I commit most humbly tu your Lordships protection, that in his
infancie he may be kepte by your good care from fals, and in
his youth by your great countenaunce shielded from blowes, and in his
age by your gracious continuaunce, defended from c6tempt. He is
my youngest and my last, and the paine that I sustained for him
3 like/ rest 5 for l, efore all //E res¢ 9 their] the G'E resg
a curteous 617 rest az I then E rest 32 but oto. E rest 36 counten-
ance E rest

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY 5
in traueli, hath ruade me past teeming, yet de I thinke my selfe
very fertile, in that I was hot altogether barren. Glad I mas to
sende them both abroad, least naaking a wanton of my first, with
a blinde conceipt, I should resemble the Ape, and kill it by cullyng
it, and hot able to rule the second, I should with the ¥iper, loose
my bloud with mine own brood. Twinnes they are hot, but yet
Brothers, the one nothing resemblyng the other, and yet (as all
children are now a dayes) both like the father. Wherin I ara hot
vnlike vnto the vnskilfull Painter, who hauing drawen the Twinnes
of Hippocrates, (who wer as lyke as one pease is to an other) & being
told of his friends that they wer no more lyke then Saturne and
-Appollo, he had no other shift to manifest what his worke was,
then ouer their heads to write: ïhe Twinnes of Hippocrates. So
may it be, that had I hOt named Euphues, fewe woulde haue
thought it had bene Euphues, hot that in goodnes the one so farre
excelleth the other, but that both beeing so bad, it is hard to iudge
which is the worst.
This vnskilfulnesse is no wayes to be couered, but as Accius did
his shortnesse, who being a lyttle Poet, framed for himselfe a great
picture, & I being a naughtie Painter, haue gotten a most noble
Patron: being of Vlysses minde, who thought himselfe sale vnder
the Shield of Aiax.
I haue now finished both my labours, the one being hatched
in the hard winter with the Alcyon, the other hot daring to bud till
the colde were past, like the Mulbery, in either of the which or in
both, if I seeme to gleane after an others Cart, for a few eares of
corne, or of the Taylors shreds to make nie a lyuery, I will hOt deny,
but that I ana one of those Poets, which the painters faine to corne
vnto Homers bason, there to lap vp, that he doth cast vp.
In that I haue written, I desire no praise of others but patience,
altogether vnwillyng, bicause euery way vnworthy, to be accompted
a workeman.
It sufficeth me to be a water bough, no bud, so I may be of the
saine roote, to be the yron, hot steele, so I be in the saine blade,
to be vineger, hot wine, so I be in the saine caske, to grinde colours
for Appelles, though I cannot garnish, so I be of the saine shop.
What I haue done, was onely to keepe my selfe from sleepe, as
4 cullyng lI.4B : culling Erest 20 &] so 17test 21 thought] though "
3 laboure I617, 163o-31 28 one oto. 1617 res1 33 bough] bouth 16I 7,
I630-3! 34 no . re$t may belote beC.test 35 no Frest Il it test

6 THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY
the Crane doth th stone in hir foote, & I would also with the
saine Crane, I had bene silent holding a stone in my mouth.
But it falleth out with me, as with the young wrastler, that came
to the gaines of Olympia, who hauing taken a foyle, thought scorne
to leaue, till he had receiued a fall, or him that being pricked in
the finger with a Brble, thrusteth his whole arme among the
thornes, for anger. For I seeing my selle hot able to standê on
the yce, did neuerthelesse aduenture to runne, and being with my
first booke striken into disgrace, could hot cease vntil I was brought
into contempt by the sec0d : wherein I resemble those that hauing
once wet their feete, care not how deepe they wade.
In the which my wading (right Honourable)if the enuious shal
clap lead to my heeles to make me sinke, yet if your Lordship with
your lyttle finger doe but holde me vp by the chinne, I shall swimlhe,
and be so farre from being drowned, that I shall scarce be duckt.
When ]3ucephalus was painted, Appelles craued the iudgement
of none but Zeuxis: when Iuppiter was carued, Prisius asked the
censure of none but Lysippus : now Euphues is shadowed, only
I appeale to your honour, not meaning thereby to be carelesse
what others thinke, but knowing that if your Lordship allowe it,
there is none but wil lyke it, and if ther be any so nice, whom
nothing can please, if he will hOt commend it, let him amend it.
And heere right Honourable, although the Historie seeme vnper-
fect, I hope your Lordship will pardon it.
Appelles dyed not belote he could finish Venus, but belote he
durst, Nichomachus left Tindarides rawly, for feare of anger, hot
for want of Art, Timomachus broke off Medea scarce halle coloured,
hOt that he was hot willing to end it, but that he was threatned :
I haue not made Euphues to stand without legges, for that I want
matter to make them, but might to maintein thê: so that I ara 30
enforced with the olde painters, to colour my picture but to the
middle, or as he that drew Cclops, who in a little table ruade him
to lye behinde an Oke, wher one might perceiue but a peece, yet
c0ceiue that al the test lay behinde the tree, or as he that painted
an horse in the riuer with halle legges, leauing the pasternes for the
viewer, to imagine as in the water.
For he that vieweth Èuphues, wil say that he is drawen but to
40lympus " test 6 arme among] hande amongst ' test 9 stdken]
brought " test lï Zeuxes t¢rest 23-6 Appelle,... durst oto. |617
test 32 or vin. E test 35 an] a E test

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY 7
the wast, that he peepeth, as it were behinde some screene, that
his feet are yet in the water: which maketh me present your
Lordship, with the mangled body of Hector, at it appeared to
Andromaehe, & with half a face as the painter did him that had but
. one eye, for I ara compelled to draw a hose on, belote I can finish
the legge, & in steed of a foot to set downe a shoe. So that whereas
I had thought to shew the cunning of a Chirurgian by mine Anatomy
with a knife, I must play the Tayler on the shoppe boorde with
a paire of sheeres. But whether Euphues lympe with Vulcan, as
o borne lame, or go on stilts with Amphionax, for lack of legs, I trust
I may say, that his feet shold haue ben, olde Helena : for the poore
Fisher-man that was warned he should not fish, did yet at his dote
make nets, and the olde Vintener of Venice, that was forbidden to
sell wine, did notwithstding bang out an Iuie bush.
This Pamphlet right honorable, c6teining the estate of England,
I know none more fit to defend it, thê one of the Nobilitie of
England, nor any of the Nobilitie, more auntient or more honorable
thê your Lordship, besides that, describing the c6dition of the
English court, & the maiestie of our dread Souereigne, I could not
2o finde one more noble in court, thê your Honor, who is or should be
vnder hir Maiestie chiefest in court, by birth borne to the greatest
Office, & therfore me thought by right to be placed in great autho-
ritie : for who so c6pareth the honor of your L. noble house, with
the fidelitie of your aucestours, may wel say, which no other can
2 t'uly gainsay, Vero nihil verius. So that I commit the ende of al
my pains vnto your most honorable protecti6, assuring my self that
the little Cock boat is safe, whê it is hoised into a tall ship, that the
Cat date hOt fetch the mouse out of the Lions den, that Euphues
shal be without daunger by your L Patronage, otherwise, I c.not
3e see, wher I might finde S,lCCOUr in any noble personage. Thus
p,-aying c0tinually for the encrease of your Lordships honour, with
all other things that either you woulde wish» or God will graunt,
I ende.
Your Lordships most dutifully to commaund.
IOttN L YL Y.

x from before behiode E rest 2 yet] as yet E: as it were 2 rest 3
wounded " test o lack] want 2 rest that oto. " rest I 5 This
Pamphlet &c. new par. flrst in E 2o in court] in the Court E rest
in ehiefest Court '-617, 63o-36 23, 29 L.] Lordships E rest 23
with] and/i'" rest 28 out oto. ' 32 either om. E rest 35
21/AB: Lilly E: Lily Fil: Lylie ,617 rest

¶ TO TIgE LeqDIES

and Gentlewoemen of England,
Iohn Lyly wisheth what
they would.

Rachne hauing wouen in cloth of Arras, a Raine-bow of sundry 5
silkes, it was obiected vnto hir by a Ladie more captious then
cunning, Chat in hir worke tbere wanted some coulours : for Chat in
a Raine-bow there should bee all: Unto whom she replyed, if che
coulours lacke Chou lookest for, chou must imagine Chat they are on
che other side of Che cloth : For in che Skie wee canne discerne but xo
one side of the Raine-bowe, and what couloures are in the other, see
wee can-not, gesse wee may.
In the like manner (Ladies and Genflewoemen) ara I to shape an
aunswere in the behalfe of Euphues, who framing diuers questions
and quirkes of loue, if, by some more curious then needeth, it shall .
be roide him, that some sleightes are wanting, I must saye they are
noted on the backside of the booke. When Iénus is paynted, we
can-not see hir back, but hir face, so that ail other thinges that are to
be recounted in loue, Euthues thinketh them to hang at Venus back in
a budget, which bicause hee can-not see, hee will not set downe. 2o
These discourses I haue hot clapt in a cluster, thinking with my
selfe, that Ladies had rather be sprinckled with sweete water, then
washed, so that I haue sowed them heere and there, lyke Strawberies,
hot in heapes, lyke Hoppes: knowing that you take more delyght,
to gather flowers one by one in a garden, then to snatche them by a.
handfulles from a Garland.
It resteth Ladies, that you take the paines to read it, but at such
times, as you spend in playing with your little Dogges, and yet will
I hot pinch you of that pastime, for I ara content that your Dogges
lye in your laps, so E@hues may be in your hhds, that when you ao
shall be vearie in reading of the one, you may be ready to sport
This Address is in black lctter in AIAt,in ordinary romans in 6a3, in small
i/alics in 2i-6î, 63o-36 $ Lyly/£AB: LiIIy ': Lily aw//: Lylie 6, 7
rest I5 if,] if ail eds. x7 on] in /r rest x8- 9 to be oto. ttrest
a Those 2/rtst z3 1)ke] as it were E rcst 4 lyke Hoppes] as Hops
be E rest knowing... Cake] because I perceiue you haue a rest u7
Cake] ,'ouchsafe E rest

TO THE LADIES AND GENTLEWOMEN 9
'ith the other: or handle him as you doe your Iunckets, that when
you can eate no more, you tye some in your napkin for children, for
if you be filled with the first part, put the second in your pocket
for your wayting Maydes : E, uphues had rather lye shut in a Ladyes
. casket, then open in a Schollers studie.
Yet after dinner, you may ouerlooke him to keepe you from
sleepe, or if )'ou be heauie, to bring you a sleepe, for to worke vpon
a full stomacke is against Phisicke, and therefore better it were
to holde Euhues in your hands, though you let him fal, when
Jo you be willing to winke, then to sowe in a clout, and pricke your
fingers, when you begin to nod.
What-soeuer he bath written, it is hOt to flatter, for he neuer
reaped anye rewarde by your sex, but repentaunce, neyther canne it
be to mocke you, for hee neuer knewe anye thing by your sexe, but
J5 righteousnesse.
But I feare no anger for saying well, when there is none but
thinketh she deserueth better.
She that hath no glasse to dresse hir head, will vse a bole of
water, shee that wanteth a sleeke-stone to smooth hir linnen, wil
2o take a pebble, the countr), dame girdeth hir selfe as straight in the
wast with a course caddis, as the Madame of the court with a silke
riband, so that seeing euerye one so willing to be pranked, I could
hOt thinke any one vnwilling to be praised.
One hand washeth an other, but they both wash the face, one
25 foote goeth by an other, but they both carrye the body, Euphues
and thilautus prayse one an other, but they both extoll woemen :
Therfore in my minde you are more beholding to Gentlemen that
make the coulours, then to the Painters, that drawe your counter-
faites: for that Apelles cunning is nothing if hee paint with water,
3o and the beautie of women hot much if they go vnpraised.
If you thinke this Loue dreamed nt done, yet mee thinketh you
may as well like that loue which is penned and hOt practised, as that
flower that is wrought with the needle, and groweth hot. by nature,
the one you weare in your heades, for the faire sight, though it
35 haue no fauour, the other you may reade for to passe the rime,
though it bring small pastime. You chuse cloth that will weare
whitest, hOt that will last longest, coulours that looke freshest, hOt
that endure soundest, and I would you woulde read bookes that
2 your efore children " rest for ] or " rest 5 casket] coffer " test
, hauie/i' a8- 9 counterfaite a test 33 the] a " rest

IO TO THE LADIES AND GENTLEWOMEN
haue more shewe of pleasure, then ground of profit, then should
Euphues be as often in your hands, being but a toy, as Lawne
on your heads, being but trash, the one will be scarce liked after
once reading, and the other is worne out after the first washing.
There is nothing lyghter then a feather, yet is it sette a loft in
a woemans hatte, nothing slighter then haire, yet is it most frisled in
a Ladies head, so that I ara in good hope, though their be nothing
of lesse accounte then E»phues, )'et he shall be marked with Ladies
eyes, and lyked somtimes in their eares : For this I haue diligently
obserued, that there shall be nothing found, that may offend the
chast minde with vnseemely tearmes, or vncleanly talke.
Then Ladies I commit my selle to your curtesies, crauing this
only, that hauing read, you conceale your censure, writing your
iudgments as you do the posies in your rings, which are alwayes
next to the finger, hOt to be seene of him that holdeth you by
the hands, and yet known to you that wear them on your hands:
If you be wronge (which cannot be done with-out wrong) it were
better to cut the shooe, then burne the last.
If a Tailour make your gowne too little, you couer his fault with
a broad stomacher, if too great, with a number of plights, if too
short, with a faire garde, if too long, with a false gathering, my
trust is you will deale in the like manner with t?u2#tues , that if
he haue hOt fead your humor, yet you will excuse him more then
the Tailour: for could Euhues take the measure of a womans
minde, as the Tailour doth of hir bodie, hee would go as neere
to fit them for a fancie, as the other doth for a fashion.
Hee that weighes wind, must haue a steadie hand to holde the
ballaunce, and he that sercheth a woemans thoughts must haue
his own stayed. But least I make my Epistle as you do your new
found bracelets, endlesse, I wil frame it like a bullet, which is no
sooner in the mould but it is ruade. Committing your Ladiships
to the Almightie, who graunt you al you would haue, and should
haue: so your wishes stand with his will. And so humbly I bid
you farewell.
Four Zadishis lo commaund
IOHN LYLY.
7 there GE test I 7 wronge] wrunge EH r«st : wroong GE 2o pleights
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« To the Gentlemeu
leaders.

Entlemen, Euphues is corne at the length though too late, for
vhose absence, I hope three badde excuses, shall stande in
5 steede of one good reason.
First in his trauaile, you must think he loytered, tarying many
a month in Italy viewing the Ladyes in a Painters shop, when he
should haue bene on the Seas in a Merchaunts ship, not vnlike
vnto an idle husv¢ife, v¢ho is catching of flyes, vhen she should
o sweepe downe eopwebs.
Secondly, being a great start from Athens to England, he thought
to stay for the aduantage of a Leape yeare, and had hOt this yeare
leapt with him, I think he had not yet leapt hether.
Thirdly, being arriued, he was as long in viewing of London, as
5 he was in comming toit, hOt farre differing from Gentlewomê, who
are longer a dressing their heads then their whole bodyes.
But now he is corne Gentlemen, my request is onely to bid him
welcome, for diuers ther are, not that they mislike the matter, but
that they hate the man, that wil not stick to teare Euphues, bicause
2o they do enuie Lyly : Where-in they resemble angry Dogges, which
byte the stone, not him that throweth it, or the cholaricke Horse-
rider, who being cast from a young Colt, &not daring to kill the
Horse went into the stable to cutte the saddle.
These be they, that thought Euphues tobe drowned and yet
:5 were neuer troubled with drying of his clothes, but they gessed as
they 'ished, and I v¢oulde it had happened as they desired.
They that loath the Fountaines heade, will neuer drinke of the
lyttle Brookes : they that seeke to poyson the Fish, will neuer eate
the spawme : they that lyke hot mee, will hOt allowe anye thing,
3o that is mine.
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2 TO THE GENTLEMEN REDERS
But as the Serpent Porphirius, though he bec full of poyson yet
hauing no teeth, hurteth none but himselfe, so the enuious, though
they swell with inalyce till the¥ burst, },et hauing no teeth to bite,
I haue no cause to feare.
Onely my sure is to ),ou Gentlemen, that if anye thing bec amisse,
you pardon it: if well, ),ou defende it: and how-soeuer it bec, you
accepte it.
Faultes escaped in the Printing, correcte with your pennes:
omitted by my neglygence, ouerslippe with patience : committed by
ignoraunce, ferait with fauour.
If in euery part it seeme hot alyke, you know that it is hot for
him that fashioneth the shoe, to make the graine of the leather.
The olde Hermit will haue his talke sauour of his Cell : the olde
Courtier, his loue taste of Saturne : yet the last Louer, may happely
corne somwhat neere Iuppiter.
Louers when they corne into a Gardeine, some gather Nettles,
some Roses, one Tyme, an other Sage, and euerye one, that, for
his Ladyes fauour, that shee fauoureth: insomuch as there is no
Weede almoste, but it is worne. If you Gentlemen, doe the lyke in
reading, I shall bee sure ail my discourses shall be regarded, some
for the smell, some for
the smart, all for a kinde of a louing smacke:
Lette euerye one followe his rancie, and
say that is best, which he lyketh best.
And so I commit euerye mans
delight to his own choice, &
my selfe to al1 your
courtesies.

Yours to vse,
Iohn Lyly.

6 de-defende 1.4 x 3 his*] the E test 14 first belote loue Frest
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tancieErest 25 Iom.Ex623 3 o Lily.FH: Lylie 1617rest

à0

¶ lïtibbtes acl his lglamt.

E lhues hauing gotten ail things necessary for his voyage into
England, accompanied onelye with 19hilautus, tooke shipping
the first of December, t579, by our English Computation : Who as
one resolued to see that with his eies, which he had oftentimes
heard with his eares, began tovse this perswasion to his friend
_Philaulus, aswell to counsell him how he should behaue him-selfe in
Etfflantl, as to comfort him beeing nowe on the Seas.
As I haue found thee willing tobe a fellow in my trauell, so would
o I haue thee ready to be a foliower of my counsell : in the one shalt
thou shew thy good will, in the other manifest thy wisdome. Wee
are now sayling into an Iland of smal compasse as I gesse by their
Maps, but of great ciuility as I hear by their maners, which if it be
so, it behooueth vs to be more inquisitiue of their conditions, then
of their countrey : and more carefull to marke the natures of their
lnen, then curious to note the situation of the place. And surely
me thinketh we cannot better bestow our time on the Sea, then in
aduise how to behaue out selues when we corne to ye shore : for
greater danger is ther to ariue in a straunge countrey where the
2o inhabitants be pollitique, then tobe tossed with the troublesome
waues, where the Mariners be vnskilfull. Fortune guideth men itx
the rough Sea, but Wisdolne ruleth them in a straunge land.
If Trauailers in this our age were as warye of their conditions, as
they be venterous of their bodyes, or as willing to reape profit by
their paines, as they are to endure perill for their pleasure, they
would either prefer their own foyle before a straunge Land, or good
counsell before their owne conceyte. But as the young scholler in
.4thens went to heare 19emoshenes eloquence at Corinlh, and was
entangled with Zais beautie, so most of our trauailers which pretend
3o to get a smacke of stratmge language to sharpen their svits, are
6 fo z] with ,4 test 8 now being Frest lO-I thou shalt E test
8 oto.

74 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
infected with vanity by following their wils. Daunger and delight
growe both vppon one stalke, the Rose and the Canker in one bud,
white and blacke are commonly in one border. Seeing then rny
good 29hilautus, that we are hOt to c6quer wilde beasts by fight, but
to confer with wise men by pollicie : We ought to take greater heede 5
that we be not intrapped in follye, then feare to bee subdued by
force. And heere by the way it shall hOt be arnisse, aswell to driue
away the tediousnesse of tirne, as to delight out selues with talke, to
rehearse an olde treatise of an auncient Hermitte, who meeting with
a pylgrime at his Cell, vttered a straunge and delightfull tale, which o
if thou 29hilautus art disposed to heare, and these present atten-
tiue to haue, I will spende sorne time about it, knowing it both fit
for vs that be trauailers to learne wit, and hOt vnfit for these that be
/vIerchaunts to get wealth.
29hilautus although the stumpes of loue so sticked in his rnind, x
that he rather wished to heare an Eelegie in Ouid, then a tale of an
Hermit: yet was hee willing to lend his eare to his friende, who
had left his heart with lais Lady, for you shal vnderstand that
Philautus hauing read the Cooling Carde which Euphues sent him,
sought rather to aunswere it, then allowe it. And I doubt hOt but 20
if 29hilautus fMI into his olde vaine in England, you shall heare of
his new deuice in Italy. And although some shall thinke it imper-
tinent to the historie, they shall hOt finde it repugnant, no more then
in one nosegay to set two flowers, or in one counterfaite two coulours,
which bringeth more delight, then disliking.
l'hilautus aunswered l?uphues in this manner.
'/I Y good l?.u2#hues , I ara as willing to heare thy tale, as I ara to
be pertaker of thy trauaile, yet I knowe hOt howe it comrneth
to passe, that rny eyes are eyther heauy against foule weather, or my
head so drowsie against some iii newes, that this tale shall corne in o
good rime to bring me a sleepe, and then shall I get no harrne by
the Hermit, though I get no good : the other that wer then in the
shippe flocked about l?thues, who began in this manner.
Here dwelt some-tymes in the Iland Scyrum, an auncient
gentleman called Cassander, who aswell by his being a long .
gatherer, as his trad being a lewd vsurer, waxed so wealthy, that he
! by]inGrest 8 totom, artrtst 13 tho«elrest I6 a]thelrest
3r asleepe/'H r623 res'. 36 at his trade, 7 lewd A-A" 16a$, 1636 :
lowd 3I: leaud H 617, i63o-3

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x5
was thought to haue almost all the money in that countrey in his
owne coffers, being both aged and sickly, found such weaknesse in
him-selfe, that he thought nature would yeeld to death, and phisicke
to his diseases. This Gentleman had one onely sonne, who nothing
S resembled the father either in rancie or fauour, which the olde manne
perceiuing, dissernbled with him both in nature and honestie, whom
he caused tobe called vnto his bedside, and the chamber beeing
voyded, he hrake with him in these tearmes.
Callimachus (for so was hee called) thou art too young to dye, and
o I too old to lyue : yet as nature must of necessitie pay hir debt to
death, so must she also shew hir deuotion to thee, whome I aliue
had to be the comfort of myne age, and whome alone I must leaue
behynde mee, for to bee the onely maynteiner of all myrte honour.
If thou couldest aswell conceiue the care of a father, as I tan leuel
5 at the nature of a childe, or wer I as able to vtter my affecti6 towards
a sonne as thou oughtest to shew thy duety to thy sire, then wouldest
thou desire my life to enioy my counsell, and I should correct thy
life to amend thy conditions : yet so tempered, as neyther rigor might
detract any thing from affection in me, or feare any whit from thee,
2oin duety. But seeing my selfe so feeble that I cannot liue to
bee thy guyde, I ara resolued to giue thee such counsell as may
do thee good, wher-in I shal shew my care, and discharge my
duetie.
My good sonne, thou art to receiue by my deatla wealth, and
5 by my counsel wisdom, and I would thou wert as willing to imprint
the one in thy hart, as thou wilt be ready to beare the other in thy
purse : to bee rich is the gift of Fortune, to bee wise the grace of
God. Haue more minde on thy bookes then my bags, more desire
r of godlinesse then gold, greater affection to dye well, then to liue
zo wantonly.
w But as the Cypresse tree. the more it is watered, the more it
withereth, and the oftner it is lopped, the sooner it dyeth, so
vnbrideled youth, the more it is also by graue aduise counselled,
or due correction controlled, the sooner it falleth to confusion, hating
..- 35 all reasons that would bring it from folly, as that tree dotla ail

remedies, that should make it fertile.
Alas Callirnachus, when wealth commeth into the handes of youth
before they can vse it, then fall they to al disorder that may be,
I myErest î' corrupt G 28 my] thyA/i'G: onthyErest 3
also ont. test

i6 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
tedding that with a forke in one yeare, which was not gathered
together with a rake, in twentie.
But -hy discourse I with thee of worldly affaires, being my self
going to heauen, heere Callimachus take the key of yonder great
barred Chest, wher thou shalt finde such store of wealth, that if
thou vse it with discretion, thou shalt become the onely rich man
of the world. Thus turning him on his left side, with a deepe sigh
and pitifull grone, gaue vp the ghoast.
Callimachus, hauing more minde to looke to the locke, then for
a shrowding sheete, the breath beeing scarce out of his fathers
mouth, & his body yet panting with heate, opened the Chest, where
he found nothing, but a letter written very faire, sealed vp with his
Signet of armes, w'ith this superscription :

¶ In flnding nothing, thou shalt gaine all tlu'ngs.

CalEmachus, although hee were abasshed at sight of the emptie
Chest, yet hoping this letter would direct him to the golden Myne,
he boldly opened it, the contents whereoff, follow in these termes.

Isedome is great wealth. Sparing, is good getting. Thrift
consisteth hot in golde, but grace. It is better to dye
with-out mony, then to liue with out modestie. Put no more clothes :o
on thy back, then will expell colde: neither any more meat in thy
belly, then may quêch hunger. Use hOt change in attire, nor
varietie in thy dyet : the one bringeth pride, the other surfets. Each
vaine, voyd of pietie : both costly, wide of profit.
Goe to bed with the Lambe, & rise with the Larke: Late 23
watching in the night, breedeth vnquyet: & long sleeping in the
day, vngodlinesse: Flye both: this, as vnwholsome: that, as
vnhonest.
Enter not into bands, no not for thy best friends : he that payeth
an other mans debt seeketh his own decay, it is as rare to see a rich 40
Surety, as a black Swan, and he that lendeth to ail that will borowe,
sheweth great good will, but lyttle witte. Lende hot a penny with-
out a pawne, for that will be a good gage to borowe. Be hot hastie
to marry, it is better to haue one plough going, then two cradells:
and more profit to haue a barne filled then a bedde. But if thou 3
7 his] the A test x & belote sealed F test t$ of] at F rest I 5 te
belote sight A rest l ? followed B »'est 2 thy*] the tf

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 7
canst hOt liue chastly, chuse such an one, as maye be more com-
mended for humilitie, then beautie. A good huswife, is a great
patrimony: and she is most honourable, that is most honest. If
thou desire to be olde, beware of too much wine: If to be healthy,
take heede of many women : If too be rich, shunne playing at al
games. Long quaffing, maketh a short lyfe: Fonde lust, causeth
drye bones : and lewd pastimes, naked pursses. Let the Cooke be
thy Phisition, and the shambles tby Apothecaries shop: He that
for euery qualme wil take a Receipt, and can-not make two meales,
vnlesse Galen be his Gods good : shall be sure to make the Phisition
rich, and himseife a begger: his bodye will neuer be with-out
diseases, and his pursse euer with-out money.
Be hot too lauish in giuing Mmes, the charitie of this Countrey,
is, God helpe thee : and the courtesie, I haue the best wine in towne
for you.
Liue in the Countrey, hot in the Cott: where neither Grasse
will growe, nor Mosse cleaue to thy heeles.
Thus hast thou if thou canst vse it, the whole wealth of the world :
and he that can-not follow good counsel, neuer can get commoditie.
I leaue thee more, then my father left me : For he dying, gaue me
great wealth, without care how I might keepe it: and I giue thee
good counsell, with all meanes how to get riches. And no doubt,
what so is gotten with witte, will bee kept with warinesse, and
encreased with Wisedome.
God blesse thee, and I blesse thee : and as I tender thy safetie,
so God deale with my soule.
Callimachus was stroken into such a maze, at this his fathers last
Will, that he had almost lost his former wit: And being in an
extreame rage, renting his clothes and tearing his haire, began to
30 vtter these words.

I S this the nature of a Father to deceiue his sonne, or the part of
crabbed age, to delude credulous youth ? Is the death bedde
which ought to bee the ende of deuotion, become the beginning of
deceipt ? Ah Cassander, friend ! can-not terme thee, seeing thee
35 so vnkinde: and father I will hOt call thee, whome I finde so
vnnaturall.
x an] a Z;-1623 4 healthy] wealthie/ rest 5 al oto. E rest 8
thy ] the z 4 the belote towne test 27 strooken F: strucken f-/rest
29-3o began to vtter] he vttered G test
BOB'D Il C

x8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Who so shall heare of this vngratefulnesse, will rather lainent thy
dealyng, then thy death: and maruel yt a man affected outwardllr
with such great grauitie, should inwardly be infected with so great
guile. Shall I then shew the duetie of a childe, when thou hast
forgotten the Nature of a Father ? No, no, for as the Torch tourned
downewarde, is extinguished with the selle saine waxe which was
the cause of his lyght: so Nature tourned to vnkindenesse, is
quenched by those meanes it shoulde be kindeled, leauing no
braunch of loue, where it founde no roote of humanitie.
Thou hast caryed to thy graue more graye haires, then yeares :
and yet more yeares, then vertues. Couldest thou vnder the Image
of so precise holynesse, harbour the expresse patterne of barbarous
crueltie? I see now, that as the Canker soonest entreth into the
white Rose, so corruption doth easliest creepe into the white head.
Would Callimachus could as well disgest thy malyce with patience,
as thou diddest disguise ff with craft: or xvould I might either burie
my care with thy carcasse, or that thou hadst ended thy defame with
thy death.
But as yO hearb ¢'o/y hath a floure as white as snov; & a roote
as blacke as incke : so age hath a white head, showing pietie, but
a black hart sv'elling wt mischiefe.
Wher-by I see, that olde men are hot vnlyke vnto olde Trees,
whose barkes seemeth to be sound, when their bodies are rotten.
I will mourne, hot that thou art now dead, but b/cause thou hast
liued so long : neither doe I weepe to see thee without breath, but
to finde thee without mony.
In steede of coyne, thou hast left me counsaile: O polytique olde
man. Didst thou learne by experience, that an edge can be any
thing worth, if it haue nothing to cut, or yt Myners could worke
without mettais, or Wisedome thriue, with-out where-with.
What auayleth it to be a cunning Lapidarie, and haue no stones ?
or a skilfull Pilot, and haue no ship ? or a thriftie man, and haue no
money. Wisdome hath no Mint, Counsell is no Coyner. He that
in these dayes seeketh to get wealth by wit, with-out friends, is lyke
vnto him, that thinketh to buye meate in the market for honestie
with-out money : which thriueth on either side so well, that the one
bath a wittie head and an emptie pursse : the other a godl}, minde,
& an emptie belly.
I this] his " 3 withl oto. t 13 sooner '-/-/ 14 easily " test
ao pittie E test 23 seemeth] seeme Frest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 19
Yea, such a world it is, that Gods can do nothing with-out golde,
and who of more might ? nor Princes any thing with-out girls, and
who of more Maiestie ? nor Philosophers any thing with-out guylt,
and who of more ,,visedome ? For as arnong the Aegyptians, there
was no man esteemed happie, that had hOt a beast full of spots, so
amongst vs ther is none accompted wise that hath hOt a purse ful|
of golde. And haddest thou hOt loued money so well, thou wouldest
neuer haue liued so warily and died so 'ickedly, who either burying
thy treasure, doest hope to meete it in hell, or borowing it of the
I)iuel hast rendred him the whole, the interest where-of I feare me
commeth to no lesse then the price of thy soule.
But whether art thou caried, Callimachus, rage c.an neither reduce
thy fathers life, nor recouer his treasure. Let it suffice thee, that he
was vnkinde, and thou vnfortunate, that he is dead and heareth thee
hOt, that thou art a liue and profitest nothing.
But what did my father think, that too much wealth would make
me proud, and feared hOt too great misery would make me desperate ?
Whilest he was beginning a fresh to renew his complaints & reuile
his parents, his kinsfolke assembled, who caused him to bridle his
lauish tongue, although they meruailed at his pitious tale: For it
was well knowne to them ail, that Cassander had more mony then
halfe the countrey, and loued Callimachus better then his own selfe.
Callimachus by the importunitie of his allies, repressed his rage,
setting order for ail thinges requisite for his fathers funeralles, who
25 being brought with due reuerence viato the graue, hee returned home,
making a short Inuentorie to his fathers long Wil. And hauing
ruade ready money of such mouables as were in his house, putte
both them and his house into his purse, resoluing now with him-selfe
in this extremitie, eyther with the bazarde of his labour to gayne
3o wealth, or by mysfortune to seeke death, accompting it great shame
to liue with-out trauell, as griefe to bee left ,'ith-out treasure, and
although hee were earnestly entreated, as well by good proffers
of gentle perswasions to weane him-selfe from so desolate, or rather
desperate lyfe, hee would hot hearken eyther to his owne commodi-
35 ties or their counselles : For seeing (sayd hee) I ara left heyre to alI
the woflde, I meane to execute my authoritie, and clayme my lands
in all places of the world. Who now so rich as Callimachus? Who
i that] y* " ret 3 of more] ofwho more A llt ABG: guilt E :
gilt F test 6 ai his A rest x 5 aliue A test 3o as belote great GE rest
5z was F test 55 of] as/r test 35 their oto. test 56 to belote
daime test

2o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
nad as many reuenues euery where as in his owne countrey ? Thus
beeyng in a readines to departe, apparrelled in ail coulours, as one
fitte for ail companies, and willing to see ail countries, iournyed
three or foure dayes verte deuoutlye lyke a pilgrime, who straying
out of his pathway, & somwhat weary, hOt vsed to such day-labours,
rested him-self vppon the side of a siluer streame, euen almost in
the grisping of the euening, where thinking to steale a nappe,
beganne to close his eyes. As he was thus between slumbring and
waking, he heard one cough pitiously, which caused him to start:
and seeing no creature, hee searched diligently in euery bushe and t0
vnder euery shrubbe, at the last he lyghted on a little caue, where
thrusting in his head more bolde then wise, hee espyed an olde man
cladde ail in gray, with a head as white as Alablaster, his hoafie
beard hanging downe well neere to his knees, with him no earthly
creature, sauing onelye a Mouse sleeping in a Cattes eare. Ouer t.
the fyre this good olde man satte, leaning his head to looke into
a little earthen vessell which stoode by him.
Cllimachus delyghted more then abashed at this straunge sight,
thought to see the manner of his hoste, before he would be his
guest. 20
This olde manne immediatelye tooke out of his potte certayne
rootes, on the which hee fedde hungerlye, hauing no other drinke
then fayre water. But that which was moste of ail to bee considered
and noted, the Mouse and the Ctte fell to their victualles, beeing
such reliques as the olde manne had left, yea and that so louinglye,
as one woulde haue thought them both married, iudging the Mouse
tobe verte wilde, or the Ct verT tame.
Callimachus coulde hOt refrayne laughter to beholde the solempne
feaste, at the voyce where-of the olde manne arose, and demaunded
who was there: vnto whome Callimachus aunswered: Father, one
that wisheth thee both greater cheere and better seruaunts: vnto
whome hee replyed shoaring vp his eyes, by yis sonne, I accompt
the cheere good, which maintayneth health, and the seruauntes
honest, whome I finde faythfull. And if thou neyther thinke scorne
of my company nor my Cell, enter and welcome: the which offer
Callimachus accepted with great thankes, who thought lais lodging
would be better then his supper.
The next morning the olde manne being very inquisitiue of
' grisping sa ail 8 was thus] thus lay E test 32 shoaring sa ail
yis sonne] Iis sonne zIIAB : Iis son ? rest Qy. ? by Isis, son or by Isis{') son

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 2r
Çallimachus what he was, wher he dwelt, and whether he would,
Cllimachus discoursed with him in perticulers, as before, touching
his Fathers death and despite, against whome hec vttered so many
bytter and buming wordes, as the o|de Herrnittes eares g|oed to
heare thern, and rny ronge would blyster if I should vtter them.
More-ouer he added that he was deterrnined to seeke aduentures
in straunge lands, and either to fetch the golden fleece by trauaile,
or susteine the force of Fortune by his owne wilfull follye.
Now Philautus, thou shalt vnderstand that this olde Hermitte,
whiche was narned also Cssaptder, was Brother to Cllimachus
Father, and Uncle to Callimachus, vnto whom Cassander had before
his death conueyed the surnme of terme thousand poundes, to the
vse of his sonne in his rnost extrernitie and necessitie, knowing
or at the least foreseeing that his young cor will neuer beare a white
rnouth with-out a harde bridle. Also hec assured hirn-selfe that his
brother so little tendred rnoney being a professed Herrnitte, and
so rnuch tendred and esteerned Callimachus, beeing his neere kins-
man, as he put no doubt to stand to his deuotion.
Cassander this olde Hermitte hearing it to bec Callimachus his
Nephewe, and vnderstanding of the death of his brother» dissembled
his griefe although he were glad to sec thinges happen out so well,
and deterrnined with hirn-selfe to make a Cosinne of his young
Neuew, vntyll hec had bought witte with the price of woe, wherefore
he assayed first to staye him frorn trauell, and to take sorne other
course, more titre for a Gentlernan. And to the intent sayde hec,
that I rnay perswade thee, giue eare vnto rny talc, and this is the
talc thilautus that I promised thee, which the errnitte sitting nowe
in the Sunne, began to vtter to Callimachus.

W Hen I was you.nge as thou nowe art, I neuer thought to bec
3o " " olde, as nowe I ara, which caused lustye bloud to atternpte
those thinges in youth, which akyng boanes haue repented in age.
I hadde one onely Brother, which also bore rny name, being both
borne atone tyrne as twinnes, but so farre dysagreeing in nature,
as hadde hOt as well the respecte of the iust tyme, as also the
35 certeyntie and assuraunce of out Mothers fidelitie, perswaded the
worlde wee hadde one Father, it would verye hardelye haue beene

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
thought, that such contrarye dispositions coulde well haue beene
bredde in one wombe, or issued from ones loynes. Yet as out of
one and the selfe-same roote, commeth as well the wilde Olyue,
as tbe sweete, and as the Palme .Pers[an Fig tree, beareth as well
Apples, as :Figs: so out motber thrust into tbe world at one rime, S
the blossome of grauitie and lyghtnesse.
We were nurssed both with one teate, where my brother sucked
a desire of thrift, and I of theft : which euidently sheweth that as
the breath of the L),on, engendreth aswell the Serpent, as the Ant:
and as the selle same deaw forceth the Earth to yeelde both the ,o
Darnell and Wheat : or as the Easterly winde maketh the blossomes
to blast, and the buddes to blowe: so one wombe nourished con-
trary wits, and one milke diuers manners, which argueth something
in Nature I know not what, to be meruaylous, I dare hOt saye
monstrous. 5
As we grew olde in yeares, so began we to be more opposit in
opinions: He graue, I gamesome: he studious, I earelesse: he
without mirth, and I without modestie.
And verel),, had we resembled each other, as little in fauour,
as we did in rancie, or disagreed as much in shape as we did in 2a
sente: I know not what 19edalus would haue made a Zabor),nth
for such Monsters, or what Atelles could haue couloured such
Misshapes.
But as the Painter la»tantes could no way expresse the griefe
of Agamemnon who saw his onely daughter sacraficed, and therefore 2S
drew him with a raie ouer his face, whereb), one might better con-
ceiue his anguish, then he colour it: so some Tamanles seeing vs,
would be constrained with a Curtaine to shadow that deformitie,
which no counterfait could portraie lyuely. But nature recompensed
ye dissimilitude of mindes, with a S)'mpathy of bodies, for we were 3o
ih ail parts one so like the other, that it was hard to distinguish
either in speach, countenaunce, or height, one from the other:
sauing that either caried the motion of his mind, in his manners,
and that the affects of the hart were bewrayed by the eyes, which
made vs knowen manifestly. For as two Rubies be they neuer 35
so lyke, ),et if they be brought together one staineth the other,
8 thrift GE rest : thirst «]IAB I I as ont. E 2 nourisheth .4/5'E res!
hOt what] that ,4 23 mishapes/5' 63o-36 : mishaps '-6 3 24
Tamantes sa ai1, for Timaathes in belote no rtst 25 saerificed .4 rest
29 protraie .4BE 5o dissimilitude] similitudi .4BG

3 °

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 2 3
-o we beeing close one fo the other, if vas easely fo imagine by
the face whose verrue deserued most fauour, for I could neuer see
my brother, but his grauitie would make me blush, which caused
me fo resemble the Thrushe, who neuer singeth in the companye
5 of the Nightingale. For whilest my Brother was in presence, I durst
not presume to talke, least his wisedome might haue checked my
wildnesae: Much lyke fo 27osdus, who was alwayes dumbe, when
he dined with Calo. Out Father being on his death-bed, knev hot
whom fo ordein his heire, being both of one age: fo make both,
o woulde breede as he thought, vnquiet: to appoint but one, were
as he knew iniury: fo deuide equally, were fo haue no heire: fo
impart more fo one then fo ye other, were partiality: fo disherite
me of his wealth, whom Nature had disherited of wisedome, were
against reason : fo barre my brother from golde, whome God seêmed
5 to endue with grace, rere flatte impietie : yet calling vs before him,
he vttered with watrie eyes, these words.
Ere it not my sonnes, that Nature worketh more in me, then
Iustice, I should disherite the one of you, who promiseth
by his folly to spende ail, & leaue the other nothing, whose wisedome
ao seemeth to purchase all things. But I well know, that a bitter roote
is amended with a sweete graft, and crooked trees proue good Cam-
mocks, and wilde Grapes, make pleasaunt Wine. Which perswadeth
me, that thou (poynting to me) wilt in age repent thy youthly affec-
tions, & learne to dye as well, as thou hast lyued wantonly. As
for thee (laying his hande on my brothers head) although I see more
then commonly in any of thy yeares, yet knov?ing that those that
giue themselues to be bookish, are oftentimes so blockish, that they
forget thrift (where-by the olde Saw is verified, that the greatest
Clearkes are not the wisest men, who digge still at the roote, while
others gather the fruite) I am determined to helpe thee forward,
least hauing nothing thou desire nothing, and so be accompted as
no body. He hauing thus said, called for two bags, the one fui
of gold, the other stuft with writings, & casting them both vnto us,
sayd this: There my sonnes deuide ail as betweene you it shal be
. best agreed, and so rendred vp his ghoast, with a pitifull grone.
My brother as one that knew his owne good, & my humour, gaue
me leaue to chuse which bag I lyked, at the choice I made no great
curiositie, but snatching the gold, let go yO writings, which wer as
I easie a w test equalitie E I z the before one F ,-est

24 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I knew Euidences for land, oblygations for debt, too heauy for me
to cary, who determined (as now thou doest Callima«hus) to seeke
aduêtures, lVlï pursse now swelling wt a timpanï, I thought to
serch al cofitries for a remedï, & sêt manï goldê Angels into euery
quarter of ïo world, which neuer brought newes again to their toaster,
being either soared intc, heauê, wher I cannot fetch thê, or sunke
into Hell for pride, wher I meane hot to follow thê. This life
I continued yo space of .xiiij. ïeares, vntil I had visited & viewed
euery coftrï, & was a strger in mine owne : but finding no treasure
to be wrapped in trauell, I returned wt more vices, then I went forth
w t pence, yet w t so good a grace, as I was able to sinne both by
experience and authoritie, vse framing me to the one, and the
Countrïes to the other. There was no cryme so barbarous, no
murther so bloudï, no oath so blasphemous, no vice so execrable,
but yt I could readely recite where I learned it, and by roate repeate
the peculiar crime, of euerye perticular Country, Citie, Towne,
Village, House, or Çhamber.
If 1 met with one of Creete, I was ready to lïe with him for the
whetstone. If with a Grecian, I could dissemble with Synon.
I could court it with the Ilalian, carous it with the 1)utch-man.
1 learned al kinde of poysons, yea, and such as were fit for the
Popes holynesse. In Megy2t I worshipped their spotted God, at
Ienhis. In Turkey, their AIalwmet. In Rome, their Masse:
which gaue me hot onely a remission for my sinnes past with-
out penaunce, but also a commission to sinne euer after with-out
preiudice.
There was no fashion but fitted my backe, no rancie but serued
my tourne : But now my Barrell of golde, which Pride set a broche,
Loue began to set a tilte, which in short rime tanne so on the lees,
that the Diuell daunced in the bottome, where he round neuer
a crosse. It were too tedious to vtter my whole lyre in this my
Pilgrimage, the remembraunce vhere-off, doth nothing but double
my repentaunce.
Then to grow to an ende, I seeing my money wasted, my appareil
worne, my minde infected with as many vices, as my body with
diseases, and my bodye with more maladyes, then the Leopard hath
markes, hauing nothing for amends but a few broken languages,
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 25
which serued me in no more steede, then to see one meat serued
in diuers dishes: I thought it best to retourne into my natiue soyle,
where finding my brother as farre now to exceede others in wealth,
as hee did me in wit, and that he had gayfied more by thrift, then
I could spende by pride, I neither enuyed his estate, nor pityed
mine owne : but opened the whole course of my youth, not thinking
there-by to recouer that of him by request, which I had lost my selfe
by flot, for casting in my minde the miserie of the world with the
mischiefes of my life, I determined from that vnto my liues end,
io to lead a solitary life in this caue, which I haue don the tearm of
fui forty winters, from whence, neither the earnest entreatie of my
]3rother, nor the vaine pleasures of the world could draw me, neyther
shall any thing but death.
Then my good Callimachus, recorde with thy selfe the incon-
I5 ueniences that corne by trauailing, when on the Seas euery storme
shall threaten death, and euery calme a da-unger, when eyther thou
shalt be compelled to boord others as a pyrate, or feare to be
boorded of others as a Marchaunt: v¢hen at ail rimes thou must
haue the back of an Asse to beare ail, and the snowt of a swine to
2o say nothing, thy hand on thy cap to shew reuerence to euery rascall,
thy purse open to be prodigall to euery Boore, thy sworde in thy sheath,
hot once darig either to strick or ward, which maketh me think that
trauailers are hOt onely framed hOt to commit iniuries, but also to take
them. Learne Callimachusofthe Byrde Acanthis, who being bredde
25 in the thistles will liue in the thistles, and ofthe Grashopper, who being
sproung of the grasse, will rather dye then depart from the grasse.
I ara of this minde with Ifonter, that as the Snayle that crept out
of hir shell was turned eftsoones into a Toad, and therby was forced
to make a stoole to sit on, disdaining hir ov¢n bouse : so the Trauailer
3o that stragleth from his own countrey, is in short tyme transformed
into so monstrous a shape, that hee is faine to alter his mansion with
his manners, and to liue where he canne, not where he would. What
did l/lysses wish in the middest of his trauailing, but onely to see
the smoake of his owne Chymnie ? Did not ail the Romaines saye
05 that he that wandered did nothing els but heap sorowes to his friends,
and shame to himself, and resembled those that seeking to light
a Lynke, quenched a Lamp, imitating the barbarous Galbes, who

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6 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
thought the rootes in lkxandr[a, sweeter then ye resons in Barbar :
But he that leaueth his own home, is worthy no home. In my
opinion it is a homely kinde of dealing to preferre the curtesie of
those he neuer knew, Iefore the honesty of those among whom he
was born : he that oennot liue with a grot in his own country, shal
neuer enioy a penny in an other nation. Litle dost thou know
Calh'machus with what wood trauailers are warmed, who must sleepe
with their eies open, least they be slain in their beds, & wake with
their eyes shut, least they be suspected by their lookes, and eat with
their mouths close, least they be poysoned with theyr meates. Where
if they wax wealthy, they shall be enuied, not loued: If poore
punished, not pittied: If wise, accounted espials : If foolish, ruade
drudges. Euery Gentle-man will be their peere though they be
noble, and euery pesaunt their Lord if they be gentle. Hee there-
fore that leaueth his own house to seeke aduentures, is like the
Quaile that forsaketh the Malowes to eat Hemlock, or the Fly that
shunneth the Rose, to light in a cowshard. No Callimachus, there
wil no Mosse sticke to the stone of Sisi?kus, no grasse hang on
heeles of 2[ercury, no butter cleaue on yo bread of a trauailer.
For as the Egle at euery flight looseth a fether, which maketh hir
bald in hir age : so the trauailer in euery country looseth some fleece,
which maketh him a begger in his youth, buying that with a pound,
which he cannot sell againe for a penny, repentaunce. But why go
I about to disswade thee from that, which I my self followed, or to
perswade thee to that which thou thy selfe flyest ? My gray haires
are like vnto a white frost, thy read bloud not vnlike vnto a hot lyre :
so that it cannot be yt either thou shouldest follow my counsell,
or I allow thy conditions: such a quarrel hath ther alwaies bin
betwene the graue & the cradle, that he yt is young thinketh the
olde man fond, and the olde knoweth the young man to be a foole.
But Callimachus, for the towardnes I see in thee, I must needs loue
thee, & for thy frowardnes, of force counsel thee : & do in yo saine
sort, as lhcebus did yt daring boy ltueton. Thou goest about
a great matter, neither fit for thy yeares being very young, nor thy
profit being left so poore, yU desirest y which thou knowest not,
neither can an}, performe yt which thou seemest to promise. If thou
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 27
couet to trauaile straunge countries, search the Maps, there shalt
thou see much, xvith great pleasure & smal paines, if to be conuers.t
in al courts, read histories, where thou shalt vnderstand both what
the men haue ben, & what their maners are, & me thinketh ther
. must be much delight, wh ther is no danger. And if thou haue
any care either of yO greene bud which springeth out of the tender
stalke, or the timely fruite which is to grow of so good a roote, seeke
hOt to kill the one, or hasten yO other: but let time so work that
grafts may be gathered off the tree, rather thê sticks to burn. And
,o so I leaue thee, hot to thy self, but to him yt ruade thee, who guid
thee with his grace, whether thou go as thou wouldest, or tarry at
home as thou shouldest.
Callimachus obstinate in his fond conceit, was so far from being
perswaded by this old Hermit, yt he rather ruade it a greater occasion
t of his pilgrlmage, & with an answer betwen scorning and resoning,
he replied thus.
Father or friend (I know not verye well howe to tearme you)
I haue beene as attentiue to heare your good discourse, as you
were willing to vtter it: yet mee thinketh you deale maruailouslye
2o with youth, in seeking by sage counsell to put graye hayres on their
chins, before nature hath giuen them almost any hayres on their
heades : where-in you haue gone so farre, that in my opinion your
labour had bene better spent in trauailing where you haue hot lyued,
then in talking wher you cannot be beleeued. You haue bene
25 a Trauailer and tasted nothing but sowre, therefore who-soeuer
trauaileth, shall eate of the saine sauce: an Argument it is, that
your fortune was iii, not that others should be as bad, and a warning
to make you wise, hot a warning to proue others vnfortunate. Shal
a souldier that hath receiued a skar in the battaile, giue out that
30 ail warriours shall be maymed? Or the Marchaunt that hath lost
by the Seas, be a cause that no other should venture, or a trauailer
that hath sustained harm by sinister fortune, or bene infected by
his own folly, disswade al Gentlemen to rest at their own home till
they corne to their long home ? Why then let al men abstaine from
",5 wine, bicause it ruade Alexander tipsie, let no m loue a woman for
yt 2arquine was banished, let hOt a wise man play at ai, for yt
a foole bath lost al : which in my minde would make such medly,
that wee should bee enforced to leaue things that were best, for
8 hot oto. F rest 9 off] of B : on G rest ii go] goest E rest 37
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND

feare they may bee badde, and that were as fond as not to cut ones
meate with that knife yt an other hath cut his finger. Things are
hot to be iudged by the euent, but by the ende, nor trauailing to be
condemned by yours or manies vnluckie successe, but by the common
and most approued wisdome of those that canne better shew what 5
it is then I, and will better speake of it then you doe.
Where you alledge Vlisses that he desired nothing so much, as to
see the smoake of IHtam, it was not bicause he loued not to trauaile,
but yt he 16ged to see his wife after his trauaile: and greater com-
mendation brought his trauail to him, thê his wit : the one taught but io
to speake, the other what he should speake. And in this you tourne
the poynt of your owne bodkin into your owne bosome. Vlisses was
no lesse esteemed for knowledge he had of other countryes, then for
yo reuenewes he had in his own, & wher in yo ende, you seeme to
refer me to yt viewing of Maps, I was neuer of that minde to make 15
my ship in a Painters shop, wh/ch is lyke those, who haue great
skill in a wodden Globe, but neuer behold the Skie. And he that
seeketh to bee a cunning trauailer by seeing the Mappes, and an
expert Astronomer, by turning the Globe, may be an Apprentice for
Appelles, but no Page for Vlisses. 2o
Another reason you bring, that trauailing is eostly : I speake for
my selfe, He that bath lyttle to spende, bath not mueh to lose, and
he that hath nothing in his owne eountrey, can-not haue lesse in any.
Would you haue me spend the floure of my youth, as you doe the
withered rase of your age i ean yo faire bloud of youth creepe into 2.
the ground as it were frost bitten? No Father Hermit, I ara of
Mleocanders minde, if there were as many worlds, as there be cities
in the world, I would neuer leaue vntill I had seene all the worlds,
and each eitie in euerie world. Therefore to be short, nothing shall
alter my minde, neither penny nor 1garer noster. o
This olde man seeing him so resolute r resolued to let him depart,
and gaue him this Fare-well.

M Y good sonne though thou wilt not surfer mee to perswade
thee, yet shalt thou not let mee to pittie thee, yea and to
pray for thee: but the tyme will corne when comming home by
weeping crosse, thou shalt confesse, that it is better to be at home

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND u9
in the caue of an Hermit then abroad in the court of an Emperour,
and that a trust with quietnesse, shall be better then Quayles with
vnrest. And to the ende thou maist proue my sayings as true, as
I know thy selfe to bee wilfull, take the paines to retourne by this
5 poore Cel, where thy fare shall be amended, if thou amende thy
fault, and so farewell.
Ca//imachus courteously tooke his leaue, and went his waye : but
we will not leaue him till we haue him againe, at-the Celt, where we
found him.
xo N Ow lhilau/us and Gentlemen all, suppose that Callimachus had
as il fortune, as euer had any, his minde infected with his
body, his time c6sumed wt his treasure : nothing won, but what he
canot loose though he would, Miserie. You must imagine (bicause
it were too long to tell ail his iourney) that he was Sea sicke, (as thou
i beginnest to be Philautus) that he hardly escaped death, that he
endured hunger and colde, heate with-out drinke, that he was
entangled with women, entrapped, deceiued, that euery stoole he
sate on, was penniles bench, that his robes were rags, that he had
as much neede of a Chirurgian as a Phisition, and that thus he came
o home to the Cell, and with shame and sorrow, began to sa)' as
followeth.

I Finde too late yet at length that in age there is a certeine
foresight, which youth can-not search, and a kinde of experi-
ence, vnto which vnripened yeares cannot corne : so that I must of
necessitie confesse, that youth neuer raineth wel, but when age
holdeth the bridell, ),ou see (my good father) what I would sa), by
outward shew, and I neede hot tell what I haue tryed, bicause
before you tolde me I should finde it: this I say, that whatsoeuer
miserie happened either to ),ou or any, the same bath chaunced to
3o me alone. I can say no more, I haue tryed no lesse.
The olde Hermit glad to see this .ragged Coite retourned, )'et
grieued to see him so tormented, thought hOt to adde sower words
to augment his sharp woes, but taking him by the hande, and sitting
down, began after a solempn rnanner, from the beginning to yB ende,
to discourse with him of his fathers affaires, euen after the sort that
belote I rehearsed, and delyuered vnto him his money, thinking

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30 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
now that miseric wouldc makc him thriRic, dcsiring also, that aswcll
for thc honour of his Fathcrs bouse, as his ownc crcditc, hec would
retourne againc to thc Islandc, and thcrc bc a comfort fo his fricnds,
and a rclicfc to his poorc ncighbours, which wouldc bc morc worth
then his wealth, and the fulfilling of his Fathers last Will. S
CaHimach»s hot a little pleased with this talc, & I thinke hOt much
displeased with the golde, gaue such thankes, as to such a friend
appertained, and following the counsel of his vnckle, which euer
after he obeyed as a c6maundement, he came to his owne house,
liued long with great wealth, and as much worship as any one in xo
SoErum, and whether he be now lyuing, I know not, but whether he
be or no, it skilleth hOt.
Now Philo»tus, I haue tolde this talc, to this ende, not that
I thinke trauailing to be iii if it be vsed wel, but that such aduice
be taken, yt the horse carry not his own bridle, nor youth rule him- x5
self in his own c6ceits. Besides yt, such places are to be chosen,
wher-in to inhabit as are as commendable for vertue, as buildings :
where the màners are more to be marked, then ye men seene. And
this was my whole drift, either neuer to trauaile, or so to trauaile, as
although y pursse be weakened, ye minde may be strengthened. 2o
For hOt he yt hath seene most countries is most to be esteemed,
but he that learned best conditions : for not so much are ye scitua-
tion of the places to be noted, as the vertues of the persons. Which
is contrarie to the common practise of out trauailers, who goe either
for gaine, and returne with-out knowledge, or for fashion sake, and 25
come home with-out pietie: Whose estates are as much to be
lamented, as their follyes are to be laughed at.
This causeth youth, to spende their golden time, with-out either
praise or profit, pretending a desire of learning, when they onely
followe loytering. But I hope our trauell shal be better employed, 30
seeing vertue is the white we shoote at, not vanitie: neither the
English tongue (which as I haue heard is almost barbarous) but the
English manners, which as I thinke are most precise. And to thee
29hilautus I begin to addresse my speach, hauing ruade ail end of
mine hermits talc, and if these few precepts I giue thee be obserued, 3s
then doubt not but we both shall learne that we best lyke. And
these they are.
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 3
T thy ¢omming into lngland be hot too inquisitiue of newes,
neither curious in matters of State, in assemblies aske no
questions, either concerning manners or men. Be hot lauish of thy
tongue, either in causes of weight, least thou shew thy selle an
espyall, or in wanton talke, least thou proue thy selle a foole.
It is the Nature of that country to sift straungers : euery one that
shaketh thee by the hand, is hot ioyned to thee in heart. They
thinke Ila[[ans wanton, & Gr«ian$ subtill, they will trust neither
they are so incredulous : but vndemine both, they are so wise. Be
hot quarrellous for euery lyght occasion : they are impatient in their
auget of any equal, readie to reuenge an iniury, but neuer ,,vont to
profer any: they neuer fight without prouoking, & once prouoked
they neuer cease. Beware thou lai hot into yo snares of loue, yo
women there are wise, the men craftie : they will gather loue by thy
lookes, and picke thy minde out of thy hands. It shal be there
better to heare what they say, thê to speak what thou thinkest : They
haue long ears and short tongues, quicke to heare, and slow to vtter,
broad eyes, and light fingers, ready to espy and apt to stricke.
Euery straunger is a marke for them to shoote at: yet this must
I say which in no country I can tell the like, that it is as seldome to
see a straunger abused there, as it is rare to see anye well vsed els
where : yet presume hot too much of the curtesies of those, for they
differ in natures, some are hot, some cold, one simple, and other
wilie, ),et if thou vse few words and fayre speaches, thou shalt
commaund any thing thou standest in neede of.
Touching the situation of the soile I haue read in my studie,
which I partly beleeue (hauing no worse Author then Coesar) yet at
my comming, when I shal conferre the thinges I see, with those
I haue re.ad, I will iudge accordingly. And this haue I heard, that
the inner parte of tritta[ne is inhabited by such as were born and
bred in the Isle, and the Sea-choast by such as haue passed thether
out of telg«k to search booties & to make war. The country is
meruailouslye replenished with people, and there be many buildings
almost like in fashi6 to the buildings of Ga]][a, there is great store
of cattell, ye coyn they vse is either of brasse or els rings of Iron,
sised at a certain weight in steede of money. In the inner parts of

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3 2 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
the Realme groweth tinne, and in the sea toast groweth yron. The
brasse yt they occupy is brought in from beyond-sea. The ayre is
lnore temperate in those places then in Fraum«, and the colde lesser.
The Island is in fashion three cornered, wher-of one side is toward
Fraum G the one corner of this side which is in Kent, where for the
most part Shippes ariue out of FraumG is in the East, and the other
nethermore, is towardes the South. This side containeth about fiue
hundred mlles, an other side lyeth toward S2ain and the Sunne
going down, on the which side is Irdand, lesse then Brittain as is
supposed by the one halle: but the eut betweene them, is like
the distaunce that is betweene Fraun«« and Brittaim.
In the middest of this course is an Island called A/'an, the length
of this side is (according to the opini6 of the Inhabiters) seuen
hundred mlles. The third side is northward, & against it lyeth no
land, but the poynt of that side butteth most vppon Germany.
This they esteeme to be eight hundred miles long, and so the
circuit of the whole Island is two thousfid miles. Of al the Inhabi-
tants of this Isle, the Kentish men are most ciuilest, the which
country marcheth altogether vpon the sea, & differeth not greatly
from the maner of France. They that dwell more in the hart of the
Realme sow corne, but liue by milk and flesh, and cloth themselues
in lether. Ail the rittaines doe die them-selues with woad, which
setteth a blewish coulour vpon them, and it maketh them more
terrible to beholde in battaile. They weare their hayre long and
shaue ail partes of their bodyes, sauing the head and the vpper lippe.
Diuers other vses and customes are among them, as I haue read
lMlautus : But whether these be true or no, I wil not say : for me
thinketh an Island so well gouerned in peace then, and so famous
in victories, so fertile in all respects, so wholsome and populous,
must needes in the terme of a thousand yeares be much better,
and I beleeue we shall finde it such, as we neuer read the like of
any, and vntil we ariue there, we wil suspend our iudgementes : Yet
do I meane at my returne from thence to draw the whole discription
of the Land, the customes, ye nature of ye people, y state, yo
gouernment, & whatsoeuer deserueth either meruaile or c6mendati6.
lMlautus hot accustomed to these narrow Seas, was more
redy to tell what wood the ship was ruade of, then to aunswer
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 33
to Eu.hues discourse: yet between waking and winking, as, one
halle sicke and some-what sleepy, it came in his braynes, aunswered
thus.
In fayth Ethues thou hast told a long tale, the beginning I haue
forgotten, ye middle I vnderstand hot, and the end hangeth hot
together : therfore I cannot repeat it as I would, nor delight in it as
I ought: yet if at our arriuall thou wilt renew thv tale, I will rub
my memorie: in the meane season, would I wer either again in
Italy, or now in EnKland. I cannot brook these Seas, vhich prouoke
my stomack sore. I haue an appetite, it wer best for me to take
a nap, for euery word is brought forth with a nod.
Euhues replied. I cannot tell 29ilaulus whether the Sea make
thee sicke, or she that was borne of the Sea : if the first, thou hast
a quesie stomacke : if the latter, a want5 desire. I wel beleue thou
remembrest nothing yt may doe thee good, nor forgettest an)' thing,
which can do thee harme, making more of a soare then a plaister,
and wishing rather to be curssed then cured, where-in thou agreest
with those which hauing taken a surfet, seeke the meanes rather to
sleepe then purge, or those that hauing yO greene sicknes, & are
brought to deaths dore follow their own humour, and refuse the
Phisitions remedy. And such 19Mlautusis thy desease, who pining
in thine owne follies, chusest rather to perish in loue, then to liue in
wisdome, but what-soeuer be the cause, I wish the effect may
answer my friendly care: then doubtles yU shalt neither die being
seasick, or doat being loue sick. I would y Sea could aswel purge
thy mind of fond conceits, as thy body of grose humours. Thus
ending, 29Mlaulus againe began to vrge.
Without dout °Euhues yu dost me great wrong, in seeking a skar
in a smoth skin, thiking to stop a vain wher none opened, and to
cast loue in my teeth, which I haue already spit out of my mouth,
which I must needes thinke proceedeth rather for lacke of marrer,
then any good meaning, els woldest thou neuer harp on yt string
which is burst in my hart, and yet euer soding in thy eares. Thou
art like those that procure one to take phisick before he be sick, and
to apply a searcloth to his bodye, when he feeleth no ach, or a vomir
for a surfet, whê his stomacke is empty. If euer I fall to mine old
it] as E rest, reading as one... (without comtna--and so all in liste belote
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34 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Byas, I must put thee in the fault that talkes of it, seeing thou
didst put me in the minde to think of it, wher-by thou seemest
to blow ye cole which thou woldest quench, setting a teene edge,
wher thou desirest to haue a sharp poynt, ymping a fether to
make me flye, when thou oughtest rather to cut my wing for feare of
soaring.
Zucilla is dead, and she vpon whorne I gesse thou harpest- is
forgotten : the one not to be redeerned, the other not to be thought
on: Then good Euphues wring hot a horse on the withers, with
a false saddle, neither imlagin what I am by thy thoughts, but by
naine own doings: so shalt thou haue me both willing to followe
good counsell, and able hereafter to giue thee comfort. And so
I test halle sleepy with the Seas.
With this aunswere uhues held hirn-self content, but as rnuch
wearyed with talke as the other was with trauaile, rnade a pyllow of
his hand, and there let them both sleepe their fill and dreame with
thir fancies, vntill either a storme cause them to wake, or their hard
beds, or their iournies ende.
Thus for the space of an eight weekes 2?thues & lhilautus sailed
on y seas, from their first shipping, betwen whome diuers speaches
were vttered, which to resite were nothing necessary in this place, &
weighing the circumstances, scarse expedient, what têpests they
endured, what strang sights in ye elemêt, what monstrous fishes
were seene, how often they were in daunger of drowning, in feare of
boording, how wearie, how sick, how angrie, it were tedious to write,
for that whosoeuer hath either read of trauailing, or himselfe vsed it,
can sufficiently gesse what is to be sayd. And this I leaue to the
iudgernent of those that in the like iourney haue "spent their tirne
from _iVa2#les to 2?ngland, for if I should faine more then others haue
tryed, I rnight be thought too Poeticall : if lesse, partiall : therefore
I omit the wonders, the Rockes, the markes, the goulfes, and what-
soeuer they passed or saw, least I should trouble diuers with things
they know, or rnay sharne my selfe, with things I know hot. Lette
this suffice, that they are safely corne within a ken of 2Dauer, which
the Master espying, with a cheerefull voyce waking them, began to
vtter these words vnto them.

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 35
Entlemen and friends, the longest Summers day hath his euening,
Vlisses arriueth at last, & rough windes in time bring the ship
to safe Road. We are now with-in foure houres sayling of out
Hauen, and as you wil thinke of an earthly heauen. Yonder white
Cliffes which easely you may perceiue, are Z)ouer hils, where-vnto
is adioyning a strong and famous Castle, into the which Iuli«s Ceesar
did enter, where you shall view many goodly monuments, both
straunge & auncient. Therefore pull vp your harts, this merry
winde will immediately bring vs to an easie bayte.
thilautus was glad he slept so long, and was awaked in so good
time, beeing as weary of the seas, as he that neuer vsed them.
uphues hOt sorrowfull of this good newes, began to shake his
eares, and n'as soone apparailed. To make short, the windes wcre
so fauorable, the Mariners so skilfull, the waye so short, that I feare
me they will lande before I can describe the manner how, and
therefore suppose them now in Douer Towne in the noble Isle of
ngland, somwhat benighted, & more apt to sleepe then suppe.
Yet for manners sake they enterteined their Master & the test of the
glerchants and Marriners, wher hauing due time both recorded
their trauailes past, and ended their repast, euery one wert to his
lodging, where I wil leaue them soundly sleeping vntill the next day.
The next day they spent in viewing the Castle of 1)ouer, the Pyre,
the Cliffes, the Road, and Towne, receiuing as much pleasure by the
sight of auncient monuments, as by their curteous enterteinment, no
lesse praising ye persons for their good mindes, then the place for
ye goodly build[gs: & in this sort they refreshed thêselues 3-or-4-
daies, vntil they had digested ye seas, & recouered again their healths,
yet so warely they behaued themselues, as they wer neuer heard,
either to enquire of any newes, or point to any fortres, beholding the
bulwarkes wt a slight & careles regard, but ye other places of peace,
with admiration. Folly it wer to shew what they saw, seing heere-
after in ye descripti6 of ngland, it shall most manifestly appea.re.
But I will set them forwarde in their iourney, where now with-in this
two houres, we shall finde them in Caunterbury.
Trauailing thus like two Pilgrimes, they thought it most necessary
to direct their steppes toward J£ondon, which they hard was the most
royall seat of the Queene of England. But first they came to
Caùterbury, an olde Citie, somewhat decayed, yet beautiful to
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3 6 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
behold, most famous for a Cathedrall Church, the very Maiestie
whereoff, stroke them into a maze, where they saw many monu-
ments, and heard tell of greater, then either they euer saw, or easely
would beleeue.
After they had gone long, seeing thena-selues alnaost benighted,
determined to make the nexte house their Inne, and espying in their
way euen at hande a very pleasaunt garden, drew neere : where they
sawe a comely olde naan as busie as a Bee among his Bees, whose
countenaunce bewmyed lais conditions : this auncient Father, E«phues
greeted in this naanner.
Ather, if the courtesie of,Englande be aunswerable to the custome
of Pilgrimes, then will the nature of the Countrey, excuse the
boldnesse of straungers : our request is to haue such enterteinment,
beeing alnaost tyred with trauaile, not as diuers haue for acquaint-
aunce, but as ail men haue for their naoney, which curtesie if you
graunt, we will euer remaine in your debt, although euery way dis-
charge out due : and rather we are inaportunate, for that we are no
lesse delighted with the pleasures of your garden, then the sight of
your grauitie. Unto whonv the olde naan sayd.
G Entlenaen, you are no lesse I perceiue by your naners, and you
can be no naore beeing but naen, I ana neither so vncourteous
to naislyke your request nor so suspicious to naistrust your truthes,
although it bee no lesse perillous to be secure, then peeuish to be
curious. I keepe no victualling, yet is my house an Inne, & I an
Hoste to euery honest man, so far as they with courtesie wil, &
I naay with abilytie. Your enterteinmêt shal be as snaal for cheere,
as your acquaintace is for tinae, yet in my house ye naay happely
finale sonae one thing cleanly, nothing courtly : for that wisedome
prouideth things necessarie, not superfluous, & age seeketh rather
a Modicum for sustenaunce, then feastes for surfets. But vntil
some thing naay be made ready, naight I be so bold as enquire your
ha.mes, countreys, and ye cause of your pilgrimage, where-in if I shalbe
naore inquisitiue then I ought, let nay rude birth excuse nay bolde
request, which I will hot vrge as one inaportunate (I might say)
impudent.
ue«, seeing this fatherly and friendlze Sire, (whom we will
naine 'ids) to haue no lesse inwarde courtesie, then outward
comelynesse, coniectured (as well he might) that the profer of his
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 37
bountie, noted the noblenesse of his birth, beeing wel assured that
as no Thersites could be transformed into ITlisses, so no Alexander
could be couched in l)amocles.
.Thinking therefore now with more care and aduisednesse to
temper his talke, least either he might seeme foolysh or curious, he
aunswered him, in these termes.

Ood sir, you haue bound vs vnto you with a double chaine, the
one in pardoning our presumption, the other in graunting our
peticion. Which great & vndeserued kindenesse, though we can-not
requit s'ith the lyke, yet if occasion shall serue, you shall finde vs
heereafter as sviiling to make amends, as we are now ready to giue
thankes.
Touching your demaunds, we are hot so vnwise to mislyke them,
or so vngratefuli to deny them, ieast in concealing our names, it
might be thought for some trespasse, and couering our pretence, we
might be suspected of treason. Know you then sir, that this
Gentleman my fellow, is called Philautus, I Euphues : he an Italian,
I a Grecian: both sworne friendes by iust tryail, both Piigrimes by
free will. Concerninge the cause of our comming into this Islande,
it was onely to glue our eyes to our eares, that we might iustifie
those things by sight, which we haue oftentimes with incredible
admiration vnderstoode by hearing : to wit, the rare qualyties as weil
of the body as the minde, of your most dreade Souereigne and
Queene, the brute of the which hath filled euery corner of the worlde,
insomuch as there is nothing that moueth either more matter or more
meruaile then hir excellent maiestie, which faine when we saw, with-
-out comparison, and almost aboue credit, we determined to spend
some parte of our time and treasure in the English court, where if
we couid finde the reporte but to be truc in halfe, wee shoulde hOt
onelye thinke out money and trauayle well employed, but returned
with interest more then infinite. This is the onely ende of our
comming, which we are nothing fearefuli to vtter, trusting as well to
the curtesie of your countrey, as the equitie of out cause.
Touching the court, if you can giue vs any instructions, we shal
think the euening wel spent, which procuring our delight, can no way
vorke your disliking.

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3 8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Entle-men (aunswered this olde man) if bicause I entertaine you,
you seeke to vndermin me, you offer me great discurtesie :
you must needes thinke me verye simple, or your selues very subtill,
if vpon so small acquaintaunce I should answer to such demafids,
as are neither for me to vtter being a subiect, nor for you to know $
being straungers. I keepe hiues for Bees, not houses for busibodies
(pardon me Gentlemen, you haue moued my patience) & more wel-
corne shal a wasp be to my honny, then a priuy enimy to my house.
If the rare reporte of my most gracious Ladye haue brought you
hether, mee thinketh you haue done very iii to chuse such a house io
to confirme your mindes, as seelneth more like a prison then
a pallace, where-by in my opinion, you meane to derogate flore the
worthines of the person by ye vilnes of the place, which argueth
your pretences to sauor of malice more then honest meaning. They
vse to consult of ..roue in ye Capitol, of Ctesar, in the senat, of out i$
noble Queene, in hir ovne court. Besides that, IIexander must be
painted of none but AleIles , nor engrauen of any but Zisit.us , nor out
llizabettt set forth of euery one that would in duety, which are ail,
but of those that can in skyll, which are fewe, so furre hath nature
ouercome arte, and grace e|oquence, that the paynter draweth a vale 2o
ouer that he cannot shaddow, and the Orator holdeth a paper in his
hand, for that he cannot vtter. But whether am I wandring, rapt
farther by deuotion then I can wade through with discretion. Cease
then Gentle-men, and know this, that an English-man learneth to
speake of menne, and to holde his peace of the Gods. Enquire no 25
farther then beseemeth you, least you heare that which can-not like
you. But if you thinke the time long belote your repast, I wil finde
some talk vhich shall breede your delight touching my Bees.
And here uhues brake him off, and replyed : though not as
bitterly as he would, yet as roundlye as he durst, in this manner. o
We are hOt a little sory syr, hOt that we haue opened our mindes,
but that we are taken amisse, and where we meant so well, to be
entreated so iii, hauing talked of no one thing, vnlesse it be of good
wil towards you, whome we reuerenced for age, and of dutye towarde
your Souereigne, whom we meruailed at for vertue: which good a
meaning of ours misconstrued by you, hath bread such a distem-
perature in our heads, that we are fearfull to praise hir, whom al the
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 39
world extolleth, and suspitious to trust you, whom aboue any in
the worlde we loued. And wheras your greatest argument is, the
basenes of your house, me thinketh that maketh most against you.
Ccesar neuer reioyced more, then when hee heard that they talked
5 of his valyant exploits in simple cotages, alledging this, that a bright
Sunne shineth in euery corner, which maketh hOt the beames worse,
but the place better. When (as I remember) .4gefflaus sonne was
set at the lower end of the table, & one cast it in his teeth as
a shame, he answered : this is the vpper end where I sit, for it is hOt
xo the place that maketh the person, but the person that maketh the
place honorable. When it was told .41exander that he was much
praysed of a Myller, I am glad quoth he, that there is hOt so much
as a Miller but loueth Alexander. Among other fables, I call to my
remembrance one, hOt long, but apt, and as simple as it is, so fit
x. it is, that I cannot omit it for y opportunitie of the time, though
I might ouer-leap it for the basenesse of the matter. When all the
]3irds wer appointed to meete to talke of ye Eagle, there was great
contention, at whose nest they should assêble, euery one willing
to haue it at his own home, one preferring the nobilitie of his birth,
o an other the statelynes of his building: some would haue it for one
qualitie, some for an other: at the last the Swaloxv, said they should
corne to his nest (being commonly of filth) which ail the ]3irds
disdaining, sayd: why thy house is nothing els but durt, and
therfore aunswered ye Swalow would I haue talke there of the
25 Eagle: for being the basest, the name of an Eagle wil make it ya
brauest. And so good father may I say of thy cotage, -hich thou
seemest to account of so homly, that mouing but spech of thy
Souereigne, it will be more like a court then a cabin, and of a prison
the naine of 2Elizabeth wil make it a pallace. The Image of a Prince
3o stampt in copper goeth as currant, and a Crow may cry Mue Ccesar
with-out any rebuke.
The naine of a Prince is like the sweete deaw, svhich falleth as
well vppon lowe shrubbes, as hygh trees, and resembleth a true
glasse, where-in the poore maye see theyr faces with the rych, or
35 a cleare streame where-in ail maye drincke that are drye : hot they
onelye that are wealthy. Where you adde, that wee shoulde feare
to moue anye occasion touching talke of so noble a Prince, truly our
reuerence taketh away the feare of suspition. The Lambe fearettt

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40 EUPHUES D HI5 ENGLAND
not the Lion, but the Wolfe : the Partridge dreadeth not the Eagle,
but the Hawke: a truc and faythfull heart standeth more in awe
of his supefior whom he loueth for feare, thoe of his Prince whom he
feareth for loue. A cleere conscience needeth no excuse,, nor feareth
any accusation. Lastly you conclude, that neither arte hot heart 5
can so set forth your noble Queene, as she deserueth. I graunt it,
and reioyce at it, and that is the cause of our comming to sec hir,
whom none can sufficiently commend: and yet doth it not follow,
that bicause wee cannot giue hir as much as she is worthy off,
therefore wee should hot owe hir any. :But in this we will imitate ,o
the olde paynters in Greece, who drawing in theyr Tables the
portrature of Iiter, were euery houre mending it, but durst neuer
finish it : And being demaunded why they beganne that, which they
could hot ende, they aunswered, in that we shew him to bec rupiter,
whome euery one may beginne to paynt, but none can perfect. In 5
the lyke manner meane we to drawe in parte the prayses of hir,
whome we cannot throughly portraye, and in that we signifie hir to
be IElyzabet]. Who enforceth euery man to do as much as he can,
when in respect of hir perfection, it is nothing. For as he that
beholdeth the Sunne stedfastly, thinking ther-by to descdbe it more 2o
perfectly, hath his eies so daseled, that he can discerne nothing,
so fareth it with those that seeke marueilously to praise those, yt are
without ye compasse of their iudgements, & al comparison, yt the more
they desire, the lesse they discern, & the neerer they think thoe selues
in good wil, the farther they finde themselues of in wisd6, thinking 25
to mesure y by the ynch, which they cannot reach with ye ell. And
yet father, it can be neither hurtful to you, nor hateful to your
Prince, to here the commendation of a straunger, or to aunswere his
honest request, who will wish in heart no fesse glorye to hir, then
you doe: although they can wish no more. And theffore me 30
thinketh you haue offered a little discourtesie, hot to aunswere vs,
and to suspect vs, great iniury : hauing neither might to attempt any
thing which may do you harme, nor malice to reuenge, wher we finde
helpe. For mine owne part this I say, & for my friend prescrit the
lyke I date sweare, how boldly I can-not tell, how "truely I know: 35
that there is hot any one, whether he be bound by benefit or duetie,
or both: whether linked by zeale, or rime, or bloud, or al: that
more humbly reuerenceth hir Maiestie, or meruaileth at hir wisedome,
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 4
or prayeth for hir long prosperous and glorious Reigne, tben we:
then whom we acknowledge none more simple, and yet date auowe,
none more faithfull. Which we speake hot to get seruice by flatterie,
but to acquite our selues of suspition, by faith: which is al tbat
either a Prince can require of his subiect, or a vassal yeeld to his
Souereign, and that which we owe to your Queene, & all othe-s
should offer, that either for feare of punishment date hot offend,
or for loue of verrue, will hot.
Heere olde .Fidus interrupted young .Et«2hues, being almost
induced by his talke, to aunswere his request, yet as one neither too
credulous, nor altogether mistrustful, he replyed as a friend, & so
wisely as he glafced from the marke E¢]«ue« shot at, & hit at last
the white which .PM]autu set vp, as shall appeare heereaher. And
thus he began.

]/['¥ sonnes (mine age giueth me the priuiledge of that terme, and
your honesties can-not refuse it) you are too young to vnder-
stand matters of state, and were you elder to knowe them it were
hOt for your estates. And therfore me thinketh, the time were but
lost, in pullyng ttercules shooe vppon an Infants foot, or in setting
Atlas burthen on a childes shoulder, or to bruse your backes, with
the burthen of a whole kingdome, which I speake not, that either
I mistrust you (for your reply hath fully resolued y feare) or yt
I malice you (for my good will maye cleare me of y fault) or that I
dread your might (for your smal power cannot bring me into such
a folly) but that I haue learned by experience, yt to reason of Kings
or Princes, bath euer bene much mislyked of ye ,,vise, though much
desired of fooles, especially wher old men, which should be at their
beads, be too busie with the court, & young men which shold
follow their bookes, be to inquisitiue in y affaires of princes. We
shold not looke at y we cànot reach, nor long for y we shold hOt
haue: things aboue vs, are not for vs, & therfore are prices placed
vnder yO gods, yt they should hOt see 'hat they do, & we vnder
princes, that we might hot enquire wbat they doe. But as ye foolish
Eagle y$ seing yO sun coueteth to build hir nest in ye sun, so fond
youth, which viewing yO glory & gorgeousnesse of ye court, iongeth
to know the secrets in ye court. But as yO Eagle, burneth out hir

5 require] desire G test 9 interpting G test z the hefore last G test
o shoulders E test zz fully oit. 2 test 35 gorgeousnesse] glofiousnes
E test 36 in] of G test

42 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
eyes wt that proud lust: so doth youth break his hart with yt peeuish
conceit. And as Satirus not knowing what tire was, wold needs
embrace it, & was burned, so these fonde Satiri hOt vnderstanding
what a Prince is, runne boldly to meddle in those matters which
they know hOt, & so feele worthely ye heat they wold hOt. And 5
therfore good Ulhues & thilautus content your selues w this, y to
be curious in things you should not enquire off, if you know thê,
they appertein hot vnto l'ou : if you knew thê not, they cnot hinder
you. And let llpelles answere to lle.raMer be an excuse for me.
When llexander would needes come to Alpelles shop and paint, ,o
Appelles placed him at his backe, who going to his owne worke, did
hOt so much as cast an eye back, to see llexanders deuises, which
being wel marked, Alexander said thus vnto him: Art hot thou
a cunning Painter, and wilt thou not ouer-looke my picture, & tel
me wherin I haue done wel, & wherin ill? whom he answered *S
wisely, yet merily: In faith O king it is not for Appelles to enquire
what llexander hath done, neither if he shew it me, to iudge how it
is done, & therefore did I set your Maiestie at my back, y I might
not glaunce towards a kings work, & that you looking ouer my head
might see mine, for llielles shadowes are to be seene of llexander,
but hot Mlexander of 4ppelle. So ought we thues to frame out
selues in all out actions & deuises, as though the King stood ouer
vs to behold vs, and not to looke what the King doth behinde vs.
For whatsoeuer he painteth it is for his pleasure, and wee must think
for out profit, for 11Stelles had his reward though he saw hOt the ,.
worke.
I haue heard of a Al'agtiflco in Al'illabte (and I thinke Philautus
you being an Italian do remêber it,) who hearing his sonne
inquisitiue of the Emperours lyre and demeanour, reprehended him
sharply, saying : that it beseemed hot one of bis bouse, to enquire $o
how an Emperour liued, vnlesse he himself were an Emperour : for
yt the behauiour & vsage of so honourable personages are hot to be
called in question of euery one that doubteth, but of such as are
their equalls.
Alexander being commaunded of t'hilip his Father to wrastle in $5
the games of O0,»tia , aunswered be woulde, if there were a King
to striue with him, where-by I haue noted (that others seeme to
inforce) that as Kings pastimes are no playes for euery one : so their
yt peeu/sh] fooligh /-Z regt 2, $ Satyrus ana[ Satyri F test 6 w rI
in E test yt so ail, ltt ¢y. ? hot 8 knew] know 165o-$6 x 4 thou oto. E re«g

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 43
secretes, their counsells, their dealings, are not to be either scanned
or enquired off any way, vnlesse of those that are in the lyke place,
or serue the lyke person. I can-not tell whether it bee a Caunterbu.-¢
raie, or a Fable in Aesope, (but pretie it is, and true in my minde)
S That the Foxe and the Wolfe, gooing both a filching for foode,
thought it best to see whether the Lyon were a sleepe or awake,
least beeing too bolde, they should speede too bad. The Foxe
entring into the Kings denne, (a King I call the Lyon)brought word
to the Wolfe, that he was a sleepe, and went him-selfe to his owne
to kenell, the Wolfe desirous to searche in the Lyons derme, that hee
might espye some fault, or steale some praye, entered boldly, whom
the Lyon caught in his pawes and asked what he would ? the sillye
Wolfe (an vnapte tearme, for a Wolfe, yet fit," being in a Lyons
handes) aunswered, that vnderstanding by the Foxe he was a sleepe,
5 hee thought he might be at lybertie to suruey his lodging: vnto
whome the princelye Lyon with great disdaine though little despite
(for that there can be no enuy in a King) sayde thus: Doest thou
thinke that a Lyon, thy Prince and gouernour can sleepe though
he winke, or darest thou enquire, whether he winke or wake ? The
2o Foxe had more craft then thou, and thou more courage (courage
I wil not say, but boldnes: & boldnes is too good, I may say
desperatenesse) but you shal both wel know, & to your griefs feele,
yt neither ye wilines of the Fox, nor ye wildnes of ye Wolf, ought
either to see, or to aske, whether ye Lyon either sleepe or wake, bee
25 at home or abroad, dead or alyue. For this is sufficient for you to
know, that there is a Lyon, not where he is, or what he doth. In
lyke manner z¢hues, is the gouernment of a Monarchie (though
homely bee the comparison, yet apte it is) that it is neither the vise
Fox, nor the malitious Wolfe, should venture so farre, as to learne
3o whether the Lyon sleepe or wake in his derme, whether the Prince
fast or feaste in his court: but this shoulde bee their order, to vnder-
stand there is a king, but what he doth is for the Goddes to examine,
whose ordinaunce he is, not for men, whose ouer-seer he is. Then
how vaine is it uhues (too mylde a worde for so madde a minde)
35 that the foote should neglect his office to correct the face, or that
subiectes shoulde seeke more to knowe what their Princes doe, then
what they are: where-in they shewe them-selues as badde as beasts,
and muchworse then my Bees, who in my conceite though I maye
t2 his oto. EF 17 can] tan E 2 your] out " 2 4 to ont. E »'est
3 his] y* F: the Hrest

44 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
seeme partiall, obserue more order then they, (and if I myght saye
so of my good Bees,) more honestie: honestie my olde Graund-father
called that, when menne lyued by law, not lyst: obseruing in ail
thinges the meane, which wee name verrue, and vertue we'account
nothing els but to deale iustly and temperately.
And if I myght craue pardon, I would a little acquaint you with
the common wealth of my Bees, which is neyther impertinent to the
matter we haue now in hand, nor tedious to make you weary.
ul]u«es delighted with the discourses of old Fidus, was content
to heare any thing, so he myght heare him speake some thing, and
consenting willingly, hee desired Fidus to go forward: who nowe
remouing him-selfe neerer to the Hyues, beganne as followeth.

Entlemen, I haue for yO space of this twenty yeares dwelt in this
place, taking no delight in any thing but only in keeping my
Bees, & marking them, & this I finde, which had I not seene,
I shold hardly haue beleeued. That they vse as great wit by
induction, and arte by workmanship, as euer man hath, or can,
vsing betweene themeselues no lesse iustice then wisdome, & yet
not so much wisdome as maiestie: in-somuch as thou wouidest
thinke, that they were a kinde of people, a common wealth for _Pla,o,
where they ail labour, ail gather honny, flye ail together in a swarme,
eate in a swarm, and sleepe in a swarm, so neate and finely, that
they abhorre nothing so much as vncleannes, drinking pure and
cleere water, delighting in sweete and sound Musick, which if they
heare but once out of tune, they flye out of sight : and therefore are
they called the _[uses byrds, bicause they folow not the sound so
much as the consent. They lyue vnder a lawe, vsing great reuerence
to their elder, as to the wiser. They chuse a King, whose pallace
they frame both brauer in show, and stronger in substaunce : whome
if they finde to rail, they establish again in his thron, with no lesse
duty then deuotion, garding him continually, as it were for feare
he should miscarry, and for loue he should not : whom they tender
with such fayth and fauour, that whether-soeuer he flyeth, they follow
him, and if hee can-not flye, they carry him: whose lyre they so
loue, that they will not for his safety stick to die, such care haue
they for his health, on whome they build ail their hope. If their

3 lyst] Inst E test x3 this I] these E test 17 induction E test : indution
2Il-G.: fy. ? intuition 18 beweene 21I 32 and oto. rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 45
Prince dye, they know hot how to liue, they languish, weepe, sigh,
neither intêding their work, nor keeping their olde societie.
And that which is most meruailous, and almoste incredible: if
ther be an), that hath disobeyed his commaundements, eyther of
purpose, or vnwittingly, hee kylleth him-selfe with his owne sting,
as exccutioner of his own stubbornesse. The King him-selfe bath
his sting, which hee vseth rather for honour then punishment:
And yet JEuhues al-beit they lyue vnder a Prince, they haue their
priueledge, and as great liberties as straight lawes.
xo They call a Parliament, wher-in they consult, for lawes, statures,
penalties, chusing officers, and creating their king, hOt by affection
but reason, hOt by the greater part, but ye better. And if such
a one bï chaunce be chosen (for among men som-times the worst
speede best) as is bad, then is there such ciuill war and dissention,
t5 that vntill he be pluckt downe, there can be no friendship, and
ouer-throv;ne, there is no enmitie, hOt fighting for quarrelles, but
quietnesse.
Euery one hath his office, some trimming the honnï, some
working the wax, one framing hiues, an other the combes, and that
ao so artificially, that Z)edalus could hOt with greater arte or excellencie,
better dispose the orders, measures, proportions, distinctions, ioynts
& circles. Diuers hew, others polish, ail are carefull to doe their
worke so strongly, as they may resist the craft of such drones, as
seek to liue by their labours, which maketh them to keepe watch
and warde, as lyuing in a campe to others, and as in a court to them-
-selues. Such a care of chastitie, that they neuer ingender, such
a desire of cleannesse, that there is hot so much as meate in ail
their hiues.
When they go forth to work, they marke the wind, the clouds,
& whatsoeuer doth threaten either their ruine, or raign, & hauing
gathered out of euery flower honny they return loden in their
mouthes, thighs, wings, and ail the bodye, whome they that tarried
at home receyue readily, as easing their backes of so great burthens.
The Kïng him-selfe hot idle, goeth vp and downe, entreating,
threatning, commaOding, vsing the counsell of a sequel, but hOt
loosing the dignitie of a Prince, preferring those yg labour to greater
authoritie, and punishing those that loyter, with due seueritie. Ail
6 ouerthrowed E not] no//rest I8 Euery7 Eithet//F 2 ail]
and E test 2 4 keepe watch'l keepe, to watch G'/" -o raign] rage
Aï rest 35 sequell A rest 36 toi in E rest

46 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
which thinges being much admirable, yet this is rnost, that they are
so profitable, bringing vnto man both honnye and wax, each so
wholsome that wee all desire it, both so necessary that we cannot
misse them. Here t?thues is a common wealth, which oftentimes
calling to rny rninde, I cannot chuse but cornrnend aboue any that
either I haue heard or rend of. Where the king is not for euery
one to talke of, where there is such homage, such loue, such labour,
that I haue wished oftentimes, rather be a Bee, then not be as
I .should be.
In this little garden with these hiues, in this house haue I spent
the better parte of my lyfe, yea and the best : I was neuer busie in
matters of state, but referring al rny cares vnto the wisdom of graue
Counsellors, and rny confidence in the noble minde of my dread
Souereigne and Queene, neuer askir,g what she did, but alwayes
praying she rnay do well, not enquiring whether she might do what
she would, but thinking she would do nothing but what she rnight.
Thus contented with a rneane estate, and neuer curious of the
high estate, I found such quiet, that mee thinketh, he which knoweth
least, lyueth longest: insomuch that I chuse rather to be an
Hermitte in a caue, then a Counsellor in the court.
thues perceyuing olde 1;idus, to speake what hee thought,
aunswered him in these shorte wordes.
He is very obstinate, whorne neither reason nor experiynce can
perswade : and truly seeing you haue alledged both, I rnust needes
allow both. And if my former request haue bred any offence, let
rny latter repentaunce make anaends. And yet this I knowe, that
I enquyred nothing that might bring you into daunger, or me into
trouble: for as young as I ana, this haue I learned, that one maye
poynt at a Starre, but hOt pull at it, and see a Prince but not search
hirn: And for mine own part, I neuer rnean to put rny hand
betweene the barke and the tree, or in matters which are hOt for me
to be ouer curious.
The c6mon wealth of your Bees, did so delight me, that I was
hOt a lyttle sory yt either their estate haue hOt ben longer, or your
leasure rnore, for in lny sirnple iudgement, there was such an orderlye
gouernrnent, that rnen rnay hOt be asharned to imitate thê, nor you
wearie to keepe them.
5-6 that I haue either read or heard of ' ret 8 to belote be (bls) E rs¢ I3
in] to E rest x8 me belote such " rest no in] in in 211 28 I haue
15 rest 3o my] mine E rest 3I or] nor E rest 34 estates rest
5 thee] thei A

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 47
They hauing spent much time in these discourses, were called in
to Supper, thilautus more willing to eate, then heare their tales, was
not the last yt went in : where being all set downe, they were serued
al in earthen dishes, al things so neat and cleanly, that they
perceiued a kinde of courtly Maiestie in the minde of their host,
though he wanted marrer to shew it in his house, t'hilautus I know
hot whether of nature melancholy, or feeling loue in his bosome,
spake scarce ten words since his comming into the house of 'idus,
which the olde man well noting, began merily thus to ?,rle
o with him.

I Meruaile Gentleman that ail this time, )'ou haue bene tongue
tyed, either thinking not your selfe welcome, or disdayning so
homely enterteinment : in the one you doe me wrong, for I thinke
I haue not shewed my selfe straunge : for the other you must pardon
me, for that I haue hot to do as I would, but as I may: And
though England be no gra0ge, but yeeldeth euery thing, yet is
it heere as in euery place, al for money. And if you will but acccpt

a willing minde in steede
beholding vnto you: and
2o make you part of amends,
t'hilautus thus replyed :

of a costly repast, I shall thinke my selle
if time serue, or my Bees prosper, I wil
w t a better breakfast.
I know good Father, my welcome greater

then any wayes I can requite, and my cheere more bountifull then
euer I shall deserue, and though I seeme silent for matters that
trouble me, yet I would hot haue you thinke me so foolish, that
I should either disdaine your company, or mislyke your cheere, of
both the which I thinke so well, that if time might aunswere my true
meaning, I would exceede in cost, though in courtesie I know not
how to compare with you, for (without flatterie be it spoken) if the
common courtesie of nglande be no worse then this towarde
straungers, I muse needes thinke them happy that trauaile into these
coasts, and the inhabitaunts the most courteous, of ail countreyes.
Heere began uhues to take the tale out of t'hilautus mouth,
and to play with him in his melancholicke moode, beginning thus.

O Father I durst sweare for my friend, that both he thinketh
himselfe welcome, and his fare good, but you must pardon
young courtier, ''ho in the absence of his Lady thinketh himselfe
i- in toi into qB î loue] one E test 9 parly E test 6 Qy ? in
belote Eugland but cf. note 19 or] and GE rest 26 the ont. tl test
9 towards A.6'A" test 33 melancholy " test

48 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
forlorne: And this vile Dog Loue will so ranckle where he biteth,
that I feare my friends sore, will breed to a Fistula : for you may
perceiue that he is hot where he liues, but wher he loues, and more
thoughts hath he in his head, then you Bees in your Hiues: and
better it were for him to be naked among your Waspes, though his
bodye were al blistered, then to haue his heart stong so with affection,
where-by he is so blinded. But beleeue mee Fidus, he taketh as
great delight to course a cogitacion of loue, as you doe to vse your
time with Honny. In this plight hath he bene euer since his
comming out of 2ValOles, and so hath it wrought with him (which
I had thought impossible)that pure loue did make him Seasicke,
insomuch as in all my trauaile with him, I seemed to euery one to
beare with me the picture of a proper man, but no liuing person, the
more pitie, & yet no force, thilau¢us taking EulOhues tale by the
ende, & the olde man by the arme, betweene griefe and gaine, lest
and earnest, aunswered him thus.

hues xvould dye if he should not talke of loue once in a day,
and therfore you must giue him leaue after euery meale to
cloase his stomacke with Loue, as with Marmalade, and I haue
heard, hot those that say nothing, but they that kicke oftenest zo
against loue, are euer in loue: yet doth he vse me as the meane
to moue the matter, and as the man to make his Myrrour, he
himselfe knowing best the price of Corne, not by the Market folkes,
but his owne foote-steppes. But if he vse this speach either to make
you merrye, or to put me out of conceipt, he doth well, you must 25
thanke him for the one, and I wil thinke on him for the other.
I haue oftentimes sworne that I ara as farre from loue as he, yet
will he hOt beleeue me, as incredulous as those, who thinke none
balde, till they see his braynes.
As Ehues was making aunswere, Fidus preuented him in this 3
manner.

Here is no harme done 19hilautus, for whether you loue, or
tuphues iest, this shall breed no Jarre. It may be when
I was as young as you, I was as idle as you (though in my opinion,
there is none lesse idle then a Jouer.) For to tell the truth, I
my self was once a Courtier, in the dayes of that most noble King
6 00ntl tfrest l! a proper] an honest .E rest
z 4 this] his E rest 20 kickt E test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 49
of famous memorie ]-fenr,_/ the eight, Father to our most gratious
Lady Elizabeth.
Where, and with that he paused, as though the remembraunce
of his olde lyfe, had stopped his newe speach, but thilautus eytching
to hear what he would say, desired him to goe forward, vnto whome
l;idus fetching a great sigh sayd, I will. And there agayne made
a full poynt, dghilautus burning as it were, in desire of this discourse,
vged him againe with great entreatie: then the olde man com-
maunded the boorde to be vncouered, grace being sayd, called for
stooles, and sitting al by the tire, vttered the whole discourse of his
loue, which brought thilautus a bedde, and lthues a sleepe.
And now Gentlemen, if you will giue eare to the tale of ldus,
it may be some will be as watchfull as dghilautus, though many as
drousie as Euphues. And thus he began with a heauie countenaunce
(as though his paines were present, hot past) to frame his tale.
I Was borne in the wylde of I(ent, of honest Parents, and worship-
full, whose tender cares, (if the fondnesse of parents may be so
termed) prouided ail things euen from my very cradell, vntil their
graues, that might either bring me vp in good letters, or make me
heire to great lyuings. I (with-out arrogancie be it spoken) was not
inferiour in wit to manye, which finding in my selfe, I flattered my
selle, but in yo ende, deceiued my selfe : For being of the age of .xx.
yeares, there was no trade or kinde of lyfe that either fitted my
humour or serued my tourne, but the Court: thinking that place
the onely meanes to clymbe high, and sit sure : Wherin I followed
the vaine of young Souldiours, who iudge nothing sweeter then
warre til they feele the weight. I was there enterteined as well
by the great friends my father ruade, as by mine own forwardnesse,
where it being now but Honnie Moone, I endeauoured to courte
it with a grace, (almost past grace,) laying more on my backe then
my friendes could wel beare, hauing many times a braue cloke and
a thredbare purse.
Who so conuersant with the Ladyes as I ? who so pleasaunt?
who more prodigall ? In-somuch as I thought the time lost, which
was not spent either in their company with delight, or for their
company in letters. Among ail the troupe of gallant Gentle-men,
I singled out one (in whome I mysliked nothing but his grauitie)
i eighth/a r 4 itching .4 test. Qy ? aehing IO al oto. BE test 14
/lOrD 11

50 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
that aboue all I meant to trust: who aswell for yo good qualities
he saw in me, as the little gouernment he feared in mee, beganne
one night to vtter these fewe wordes.
Friend tidus (if Fortune allow a tearm so familiar) I would I might
liue to see thee as wise, as I percieue thee wittie, then should thy
lire be so seasoned, as neyther too much witte might make thee
proude, nor too great ryot poore. My acquaintaunce is not great
with thy person, but such insight haue I into thy conditions, that
I feare nothing so much, as that, there thou catch thy fall, where
thou thinkest to take thy rising. Ther bel6geth more to a courtier
then brauery, which yo wise laugh at, or pers6age, which yo chast
mark not, or wit, which the most part see not. It is sober & discret
behauiour, ciuil & gentle demeanor, that in court winneth both credit
& commoditie : which counsel thy vnripened yeares thinke to pro-
ceede rather of the malice of age, then the good meaning. To ryde
well is laudable, & I like it, to runne at the tilt not amisse, and
I desire it, to reuell much to be praised, and I haue vsed it : which
thinges as I know them all to be courtly, so for my part I accompt
them necessary, for where greatest assemblies are of noble Gentle-
men, there should be the greatest exercise of true nobilitie. And
I am hOt so presise, but that I esteeme it as expedient in feates
of armes and actiuitie to employ the body, as in study to wast the
minde : yet so should the one be tempered with the other, as it myght
seeme as great a shame to be valiaunt and courtly with-out learning,
as to bee studious and bookish with-out valure.
But there is an other thing .Fidus, which I am t warn thee of,
and if I might to wreast thee from : not that I enuy thy estate, but
that I would not haue thee forget it. Thou vsest too much (a little
I thinke to bee too much) to dallye with woemen, which is the next
way to doate on them : For as they that angle for the Tortois, hauing
once caught him, are dryuen into such a lythernesse, that they loose
ail their sprightes, being beenummed, so they that seeke to obtayne
the good-will of Ladyes, hauing once a little holde of their loue, they
are driuen into such a traunce, that they let go the holde of their
libertie, bewitched like those that viewe the head of 2Pedusa, or the
Uiper tyed to the bough of the Beech tree, which keepeth him in
a dead sleepe, though it beginne with a sweete slumber. I my selle
haue tasted new wine, and finde it to bee more pleasaunt then whol-
some, and Grapes gathered belote they bee rype, maye set the eyes
26 ot] off A/3 3 z spirights ,4 : spirites/3 ret 37 it] he E rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 5 r
on lust, but they make the teeth an edge, and loue desired in the
budde, not knowing what the blossome were, may delight the con-
ceiptes of the head, but it will destroye the contemplature of the
heart. What I speake now is of meere good-will, and yet vpon small
presumption, but in things which corne on the sodaine, one cannot
be too warye to preuent, or too curious to mystrust: for thou art
in a place, eyther to make thee hated for vice, or loued for vertue,
and as thou reuerencest the one before the other, so in vprightnesse
of lyre shewe it. Thou hast good friendes, which by thy lewde
deligbts, tbou mayst make great enimies, and heauy foes, -bich by
thy well doing thou mayst cause to be eamest abettors of thee, in
matters that nowe they canuasse agaynst thee.
And so I leaue thee, meaning herafter to beare the reign of thy
brydell in myne hands: if I see thee head stronge: And so he
departed.
I gaue him great thanks, and glad I was we wer parted : for his
putting loue into my minde, was like the throwing of Buglosse into
wine, which encreaseth in him that drinketh it a des're of lust, though
it mittigate the force of drunkennesse.
I now fetching a windlesse, that I myght better haue a shoote,
was preuented with ready gaine, which saued me some labour, but
gained me no quiet. And I would gentlemen yt you could feel
the like impressions in your myndes at the rehersall of my mishappe,
as I did passions at the entring into it. If euer you loued, you
haue round the like, if euer you shall loue, you shall taste no lesse.
But he so eger of an end, as one leaping ouer a stile before hee
corne to it, desired few parentbeses or digressions or gloses, but the
text, wher he him-self, was coting in the margant. Then said Fidus,
thus it fell out.
It was my chaunce (I know hot whether chaunce or destin/e) that
being inuited to a banket where many Ladyes were and too many
by one, as the end tryed, tbough then to many by al sauing yt one,
as I thought, I cast mine eies so earnestly vpon hir, yt my hart
vowd hir the mistris of my loue, and so fully was I resolued to
prosecut my determination, as I was earnest to begin it. Now

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iag A': quoting ttrest 29 telll .AI

5 - EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Gentlemen, I commit my case to your considerations, being wiser
then I was then, and somwhat as I gesse elder: I was but in court
a nouice, hauing no friende, but him belote rehearsed, whome in
such a matter I was lyklier to finde a brydell, then a spurre. I neuer
before that tyme could imagin what loue should meane, but vsed
the tearm as a flout to others, which I found now as a feuer in
my selfe, neither knowing from whence the occasion should arise,
nor where I might seeke the remedy. This distresse I thought
youth would haue worne out, or reason, or rime, or absence, or if
hot euery one of them, yet all. But as tire getting hould in the
bottome of a tree, neuer leaueth till it corne to the toppe, or as
stronge poyson Antidolum being but chafed in the hand, pearceth
at the last the hart, so loue which I kept but low, thinking at my
will to loue, entred at the last so farre that it held me conquered.
And then disputing with my selfe, I played this on the bit.
dus, it standeth thee vppon eyther to winne thy loue, or to
weane thy affections, which choyce is so hard, that thou canst not
tel whether the victory wil be the greater in subduing thy selle, or
conquering hir.
To loue and to lyue well is wished of many, but incident to fewe.
To liue and to loue well is incident to fewe, but indifferent to all.
To loue with-out reason is an argument of lust, to lyue with-out
loue, a token of folly. The measure of loue is to haue no meane,
the end to be euerlasting.
Thesius had no neede of Affadnes threed to finde the way into 25
the Laborinlh, but to come out, nor thou of any help how to fal
into these brakes, but to fall from them. If thou be witched with
eyes, weare the eie of a wesill in a ring, which is an enchauntment
against such charmes, and reason with thy self whether ther be more
pleasure to be accounted amorous, or wise. Thou art in the view 30
of the whole court, wher the ielous wil suspecteth vppon euery light
occasion, where of the wise thou shalt be accounted fond, & of the
foolish amorous : the Ladies themselues, how-soeuer they looke, wil
thus imagine, that if thou take thought for loue, thou art but a foole,
if take it lyghtly, no true seruaunt. ]3esides this thou art to be 35
bounde as it were an Apprentice seruing seauen yeares for that
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EUPHUE$ AND HIS ENGLAND 53
which if thou winne, is lost in seauen houres, if thou loue thine
equall, it is no conquest: if thy superiour, thou shalt be enuyed:
if thine inferiour, laughed at. If one that is beautifull, hir colour
will chaunge before thou get thy desire: if one that is wise, she will
ouer-reache thee so farre, that thou shalt neuer touch hir : if vertuous,
she will eschue such fonde affection, if one deformed, she is hot
worthy of any affection: if she be rich, she needeth thee hot: if
poore, thou needest hOt hir: if olde, why shouldest thou loue hir,
if young, why should she loue thee.
Thus Gentlemen I fed my selfe with mine owne deuices, thinking
by peecemeale to cut off that which I could hot diminish: for the
more I striued with reason to conquere mine appetite, the more
against reason, I was subdued of mine affections.
At the last calling to my remembrance, an olde rule of loue, which
a courtier then tolde me, of whom when I demaunded what was the
first thing to winne my Lady, he aunswered, Opportunitie, asking
what was the second, he sayd Opportunitie: desirous to know what
might be the thirde, he replyed Opportunitie. Which aunsweres
I marking, as one that thought to take mine ayme of so cunning
an Archer, coniectured that to the beginning, c6tinuing and ending
of loue, nothing could be more cormenient then Opportunitie, to
the getting of the which I applyed my whole studie, & wore my wits
to the hard stumpes, assuring my selfe, that as there is a time, when
the Hare will lycke the Houndes eare, and the tierce Tigresse play
with the gentle Lambe: so ther was a certein season, when women
were to be won, in the which moment they baue neither will to deny,
nor wit to mistrust.
Such a time I haue read a young Gentleman found to obtaine
the loue of the Duchesse of .3lillayne: such a time I haue heard
that a poore yeoman chose to get the fairest Lady in _lantua.
Unto the which rime, I trusted so much, that I solde the skinne
before the Beaste was taken, reconing with-out mine hoast, and
setting downe that in my bookes as ready money, which afterwards
I found to be a desperate debt.
"]" T chaunced that this my Lady {whome although I might naine
I
for the loue I bore hir, yet I will hOt for the reuerence I owe hir,
but in this storye call hir I.ffda) for to recreate hir minde, as also to
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54 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
solace hir bod},, went into the countre},, where she determined to
make hir abode for the space of three moneths, hauing gotten leaue
of those that might best giue it. And in this iourney I founde good
Fortune so fauourable, },t hir abiding was within two mlles of my
Fathers mantion bouse, m}, parents being of great familiafitie with 5
the Gentleman, where m}, ].ffida lay. Who now so fortunate as
t;idus ? who so fralicke ? She being in },e countre},, it was no being
for me in ye court ? wher euery pastime was a plague, to the minde
yt lyued in melanchol},. For as the Turtle hauing lost hir mate,
wandreth alone, ioying in nothing, but in solitarinesse, so poore to
tidus in the absence of ]da, walked in his chamber as one not
desolate for lacke of company, but desperate. To make short of ye
circumstaunces, which holde you too long from that you would heare,
& I faine vtter, I came home to my father, wher at mine entraunce,
supper being set on the table, I espyed ]fffda, Ifffda Gentlemen, 5
whom I found before I sought, and lost before I wonne. Yet least
the alteration of my face, might argue some suspition of my follyes,
I, as courtly as I could, though god knowes but coursly, at that time
behaued my selfe, as though nothing payned me, when in truth
nothing pleased me. In the middle of supper, ./ff-Ma as well for the 2o
acquaintance we had in court, as also the courtesie she vsed in
generall to all, taking a glasse in hir hand filled with wine, dranke
to me in this wise. Gentleman, I ara not learned, yet haue I heard,
that the Uine beareth three grapes, the first altereth, the second
troubleth, the third dulleth. Of what Grape this Wine is made 25
I cannot tell, and therefore I must craue pardon, if either this
draught chaunge you, vnlesse it be to the better, or grieue you,
except it be for greater gaine, or dull you, vnlesse it be your desire,
which long preamble I vse to no other purpose, then to warne you
from wine heere-after, being so well counselled before. And with 3o
that she drinking, deliuered me the glasse. I now taking heart at
grasse, to sec hir so gamesome, as merely as I could, pledged hir in
this manner.

I T is pitie Lad}' },ou want a pulpit, hauing preached so well ouer
the pot, wherin },ou both shewe the learning, which you pro-
fesse you haue not, and a kinde of loue, which would },ou had : the

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 55
one appeareth by your long sermon, the other by the desire you
haue to keepe me sober, but I wil refer mine answere till after
supper, and in the meane season, be so temperate, as ),ou shall hot
thinke my wit to smell of the wine, although in my opinion, such
5 grapes set rather an edge vpon wit, then abate the point. If I may
speak in your cast, quoth Iff-Ma (the glasse being at my nose) I thinke,
wine is such a whetstone for wit, that if it be often set in that manner,
it will quickly grinde all the steele out, & scarce leaue a back wher
it found an edge.
,o With many like speaches we continued out supper, which I will
hOt repeat, least you should thinke vs EdOicures to sit so long at out
meate: but all being ended, we arose, where as the rnanner is,
thankes and cursie ruade to each other, we went to the tire, wher
I boldened now, with out blushing tooke hir by the hand, & thus
,5 began to kindle the flame which I shoulde rather haue quenched,
seeking to blov a cole, when I should haue blowne out the candle.

Entlewoman either thou thoughts my wits verye short, yt a sippe
ot" wine could alter me, or els yours very sharpe, to cut me off
so roundly, when as I (without offence be it spoken) haue heard,
o that as deepe drinketh the Goose as the Gander.
Gentleman (quoth she) in arguing of wittes, you mistake mine,
and call your owne into question. For what I sayd proceeded
rather of a desire to haue you in health, then of malyce to wish
you harme. For you ell know, that wine to a ),oung blood, is in
,5 the spring rime, Flaxe to tire, & at ail rimes either vnwholsome, or
superfluous, and so daungerous, that more perish by a surfet then
the sword.
I haue heard wise Clearkes say, that Galen being asked what dyet
he vsed that he lyued so long, aunswered : I haue dronke no wine,
30 I haue touched no woman, I haue kept my selfe warme.
Now sir, if you will lycence me to proceede, this I thought, yt if
one of your yeares should take a drain of 21[agis, wherby conse-
quently you shold lai to an ounce of loue, & then vpon so great
heat take a little colde, it were inough to cast ),ou away, or turne you
35 out of the way. And although I be no Phisition, yet haue I bene
vsêd to attend sicke persons, where I founde nothing to hurt them
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5 6 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
so much as Wine, which alwayes drew with it, as the Adamant doth
the yron, a desire of women : how hurtfull both haue bene, though
you be too young to haue tryed it, yet you are olde enough to
beleeue it. Wine should be taken as the Dogs of EKYPt drinke
water, by snatches, and so quench their thirst, and hot hynder theyr 5
running, or as the Daughters of Zysander vsed it, who with a droppe
of wine tooke a spoonefull of water, or as the Uirgins in _am G whoe
dryncke but theyr eye full, contenting them-selues as much with the
sight, as the taste.
Thus to excuse my selfe of vnkindenesse, you haue ruade me o
almost impudent, and I you (I feare mee) impatient, in seeming to
prescribe a diette wher there is no daunger, giuing a preparatiue
when the body is purged : But seeing ail this talke came of drinkeing,
let it ende with drinking.
I seeing my selfe thus rydden, thought eyther shee should sit fast, $
or els I would cast hir. And thus I replyed.
Lady, you thinke to wade deepe where the Foorde is but shallow,
and to enter into the secretes of my minde, when it lyeth open
already, wher-in you vse no lesse art to bring me in doubt bf your
good wil, then craft to put me out of doubt, hauing bayted your 20
hooke both with poyson and pleasure, in that, vsing the meanes of
phisicke (where-of you so talke) myngling sweete sirroppes with
bytter dragges. ¥ou stand in feare that wine should inflame my
lyuer and conuert me to a louer : truely I ara framed of that mettall,
that I canne mortifye anye affections, whether it bee in dryncke or 25
desire, so that I haue no neede of your playsters, though I must
needes giue thankes for your paynes.
And nowe _PMlautus, for I see Eu]zues begynne to nodde, thou
shalt vnderstand, that in the myddest of my replye, my Father with
the reste of the companye, interrupted mee, sayinge they woulde ail 3o
fMI to some pastyme, whiche bycause it groweth late _Pkilautus, wee
wyll deferre tyll the morning, for age must keepe a straight dyot or
els a sickly lire.
_P]dlautus tyckled in euerye vaine with delyght, was loath to leaue
so, although hOt wylling the good olde manne should breake his 35
accustomed houre, vnto whome sleepe was the chiefest sustenaunce.
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 57
And so waking uphues, who hadde taken a nappe, they ail went to
their lodging, where I thinke 29hilautus was musing vppon the euent
of Fidus his loue : But there I will leaue them in their beddes, till
the next morning.
. (Entle-menne and Gentle-woemenne, in the discourse of this loue,
it maye seeme I haue taken a newe course : but such was the
tyme then, that it was straunge to loue, as it is nowe common, and
then lesse vsed in the Courte, then it is now in the countrey : But
hauing respecte to the tyme past, I trust you will not condempne
to my present tyme, who am enforced to singe after their plaine-songe,
that was then vsed, and will followe heare-after the Crotchetts that
are in these dayes cunninglye handled.
For the mindes of Louers alter with the madde moodes of the
Musitions : and so much are they within fewe yeares chaunged, that
we accompt their olde wooing and singing to haue so little cunning,
that we esteeme it barbarous, and were they liuing to heare our newe
quoyings, they woulde iudge it to haue so much curiositie, that they
would tearme it foolish.
In the time of Roraulus ail heades were rounded of his fashion,
2o in the time of Coesar curled of his manner. When Cyrus lyued,
euerye one praysed the hooked nose, and when hee dyed, they
allowed the straight nose.
And so it fareth with loue, in tymes past they vsed to wooe in
playne tearmes, now in piked sentences, and hee speedeth best, that
25 speaketh wisest: euery one following the newest waye, which is hOt
euer the neerest way: some going ouer the stile when the gate is
open, and other keeping the right beaten path, when hee maye
crosse ouer better by the fieldes. Euery one followeth his owne
fancie, which maketh diuers leape shorte for want of good rysinge,
30 and many shoote ouer for lacke of true ayme.
And to that passe it is corne, that they make an arte of that,
which was woont to be thought naturall: And thus it standeth,
that it is hOt yet determyned whether in loue Vlysses more preuailed
with his wit, or 29aris with his personage, or lchilles with his
3 prowesse.
For euerye of them haue Venus by the hand, and they are all
assured and certaine to winne hir heart.
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58 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
But I hadde almost forgotten the olde manne, who vseth hOt
to sleepe compasse, whom I see with Euplues and 'Mlautus now
alreadye in the garden, readye to proceede with his tale: which if
it seeme tedious, wee will breake of againe when they go to
dynner.

Idus calling these Gentle-men vppe, brought them into his garden,
where vnder a sweete Arbour of Eglentine, the byrdes recording
theyr sweete notes, hee also strayned his olde pype, and thus
beganne.
Entle-menne, yester-nyght I left of abruptlye, and therefore fo
I must nowe begynne in the like manner.
My Father placed vs ail in good order, requesting eyther by
questions to whette out wittes, or by stories to trye our memoryes,
and Iffyda that might best there bee bolde, beeing the best in the
companye, and at all assayes too good for me, began againe to x
preach in this manner.
Thou art a courtier Fidus, and therefore best able to resolue any
question : for I knowe thy witte good to vnderstand, and ready to
aunswere : to thee therfore I addresse my talke.

Here was som-time in çienna a 2][agniflco, whom God blessed
with three Daughters, but by three wiues, and of three sundrye
qualities : the eldest was verye fayre, but a ver), foole : the second
meruailous wittie, but yet meruailous vanton : the third as vertuous
as any liuing, but more deformed then any that euer lyued.
The noble Gentle-man their father disputed for the bestowing of
them with him-selfe thus.
I thank the Gods, that haue giuen me three Daughters, who in
theyr bosomes carry theyr dowries, in-somuch as I shall not neede to
disburse one myte for all theyr marryages. Maydens be they neuer
so foolyshe, yet beeynge fayre, they are commonly fortunate: for
that men in these dayes, haue more respect to the out ward show
then the inward substance, where-in they imitate good Lapidaryes,
vho chuse the stones that delyght the eye, measuring the value
hOt by the hidden vertue, but by the outvarde glistering: or

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EUPHUES AND H1S ENGLAND 59
wise Painters, who laye their best coulours, vpon their worst
counterfeite.
And in this me thinketh Nature bath dealt indifferently, that a
foole whom euery one abhorreth, shoulde haue beautie, which euery
one desireth: that the excellencie of the one might excuse the
vanitie of the other : for as we in nothing more differ from the Gods,
then when we are fooles, so in nothing doe we corne neere them
so much, as when we are amiable. This caused Ifelen to be
staatched vp for a Starre, and Ariadne to be placed in the Heauens,
hot that they v¢ere wise, but faire, fitter to adde a Maiestie to the
Skie, then beare a Maiestie in Earth. Iuno for all hir iealousie,
beholding 1, wished to be no Goddesse, so she might be so gallant.
Loue commeth in at the eye, hOt at the eare, by seeing Natures
workes, hot by hearing womens words. And such effects and
pleasure doth sight bring vnto vs, that diuers haue lyued by looking
on faire and beautifull pictures, desiring no meate, nor harkning to
any Musick. What made the Gods so often to trewant from
Heauen, and mych heere on earth, but beautie ? What ruade men
to imagine, that the Firmament was God but the beautie ? which
is sayd to bewitch the wise, and enchaunt them that ruade it.
2igmalion for beautie, loued an lmage of Iuory, Atlelles the
counterfeit of CaraxOasxOe, and none we haue heard off so sence-
lesse, that the naine of beautie, cannot either breake or bende. It
is this onely that Princes desire in their Houses, Gardeins, Orchards,
and Beddes, followitag Alexander, who more esteemed the face of
lenus, hOt yet finished, then the Table of the nyne Muses perfected.
And I am of that minde that there can be nothing giuen vnto
mortall men by the immortall Gods, eyther more noble or more
necessary then beautie. For as when the counterfeit of Ganiraedes,
was showen at a market, euery one would faine buye it, bicause
Zeuxis had there-in shewed his greatest cunning : so when a beauti-
full woman appeareth in a multitude, euery man is drawne to sue
to hir, for that the Gods (the onely Painters of beautie) haue in hir
expressed, the art of their Deitie. But I wil heere rest my selfe,
knowing that if I should runne so farre as Beautie would carry
me, I shoulde sooner want breath to tell hir praises, then matter

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6o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
to proue them, thus I am perswaded, yt my faire daughter shal be
wel maryed, for there is none, that will or tan demaund a greater
ioynter then Beautie.
My second childe is wittie, but ]}et wanton, which in my minde,
rather addeth a delyght to the man, then a disgtace to the mayde,
and so lynked are those two qualyties together, that tobe ,aanton
without wit, is Apishnes : & tobe thought wittie without wantonnes,
precisenesse. When Lai« being very pleasaunt, had told a merry
iest: It is pitie sayde lristippus, that Lais hauing so good a wit,
should be a wanton. Yea quoth La[s, but it were more pitie, that
Lais shoulde be a wanton and haue no good wit. OO's King of the
legytians, being much delyghted with pleasaunt conceipts, would
often affirme, that he had rather haue a virgin, that could giue
a quicke aunswere that might eut him, then a milde speach that
might claw him. When it was obiected to a gentlewoman, yt she
was neither faire nor fortunate, & yet quoth she, wise & wel fauoured,
thinking it the chiefest gift yt Nature could bestow, to haue a Nut-
browne hue, and an excellent head. It is wit yt allureth, when euery
word shal haue his -eight, whê nothing shal proceed, but it shal
either sauour of a sharpe conceipt, or a secret conclusion. And this
is the greatest thing, to conceiue readely and aunswere aptly, to
vnderstand whatsoeuer is spoken, & to reply as though the,y vnder-
stoode nothing. A Gentleman yt once loued a Lady most entirely,
valking 'ith hir in a parke, with a deepe sigh began to say, 0 y
women could be constant, she replyed, O yt they could not, Pulling
hir hat ouer hir head, why quoth the gentleman doth the Sunne
offend your eyes, yea, aunswered she the sonne of your mother,
which quicke & ready replyes, being well marked of him, he was
enforced to sue for yt which he ,,vas determined to shake off.
A noble man in ç[enna, disposed to iest w a gentlewoman of meane
birth, yet excellêt qualities, between gaine & earnest gan thus to
salure hr. I know not how I shold c6mêd your beautie, bicause it
is somwhat to brown, nor your stature being somwhat to low, & of
your wit I c hOt iudge, no quoth she, I beleue you, for none OE
iudge of wit, but they that haue it, why then quoth he, doest
thou thinke me a foole, thought is free my Lord quoth she, I wil
hot take ]}ou at your word. He perceiuing al outward faults to
be rec6penced with inward fauour, chose this virgin for his wife.
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 6
And in my simp|e opinion, he did a thing both worthy his stocke
and hir verrue. It is wit that flourisheth, when beautie fadeth : that
waxeth young when age approcheth, and resembleth the Iuie leafe,
who although it be dead, continueth greene. And bicause of all
creatures, the womans wit is most excellent, therefore haue the Poets
fained the Muses to be women, the Nimphes, the Goddesses: en-
samples of whose rare wisedomes, and sharpe capacities would
nothing but make me commit Idolatry with my daughter.
I neuer heard but of three things which argued a fine wit, Inuen-
tion, Conceiuing, Aunswering. Which haue a]l bene round so
common in women, that were it no/ I should flatter thoe, I should
think the singular.
Then this sufficeth me, that my seconde daughter shall hOt lead
Apes in Hel|, though she haue hOt a penny for the Priest, bicause
she is wittie, which bindeth weake things, and looseth strong things,
and worketh all things, in those that haue either wit themselues, or
loue wit in others.
My youngest though no pearle to hang at ones eare, yet so
precious she is to a well disposed minde, that grace seemeth almost
to disdaine Nature. She is deformed in body, slowe of speache,
crabbed in countenaunce, and almost in ail parts crooked: but in
behauiour so honest, in prayer so deuout, so precise in al hir
dealings, that I neuer heard hir speake anye thing that either con-
cerned not good instruction, or godlye mirth.
Who neuer delyghteth in costly appareil, but euer desireth homely
attire, accompting no brauery greater then verrue: who beholding
hir vg|ye shape in a glasse, smilyng sayd : This face were faire, if it
were tourned, noting that the inward motions would make the out-
ward fauour but ¢ounterfeit. For as ye precious stone Sanda«lra,
hath nothing in outward appearaunce but that which seemeth
blacke, but being broken poureth forth beames |yke the Sunne : so
verrue sheweth but bare to the outward eye, but being pearced with
inward de_sire, shineth ]yke Christall. And this date I auouch yt as
the f'roglodftoe which digged in the filthy ground for rootes, and
round the inestimable stone f'on, which inriched them euer
after: so he that seeketh after my youngest daughter, which is
deformed, shall finde the great treasure of pietie, to comfort him
during his lyfe. Beautifull women are but lyke the trmfn«, 'hose
wit] it t'est 6 Goddesse 2,r 9 which] that t'est o ail]
also ' test z 7 shape] face ret

62 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
skinne is desired, whose carcasse is dispised, the vertuous contrari-
wise, are then most lyked, when theyr skinne is leaste loued.
Then ought I to take least care for hir, whom euerye one that is
honest will care for: so that I will quiet my sel/" with this perswa-
sion, that euery one shal haue a wooer shortly. Beautie cannot liue
with-out a husband, wit will hot, venue shall hot.
N Ow Gentleman, I haue propounded my reasons, for euery
one I must now aske you the question. If it were your
chaunce to trauaile to Sienna, and to see as much there as I haue
tolde you here, whether would you chuse for your wife the faire
foole, the witty wanton, or the crooked Saint.
When shee had finished, I stoode in a maze, seeing three hookes
layed in one bayte, vncertaine to aunswere what myght please hir,
yet compelled to saye some-what, least I should discredit my selfe:
But seeing ail were whist to heare my iudgement, I replyed thus.
dye ]ffyda, and Gentle-woemenne all, I meane not to trauayle to
ie'n-na to wooe Beautie, least in comming home the ayre
chaunge it, and then my labour bee lost : neyther to seeke so farre
for witte, least shee accompt me a foole, when I myght speede as
well neerer hande : nor to sue to Uertue, least in Italy I be infected
with vice: and so looking to gette luiiter by the hand, I catch
_Plulo by the heele.
But if you will imagaine that great MaKniflco to haue sent his
three Daughters into England, I would thus debate with thê before
I would bargin with thê.
I loue Beautie wel, but I could not finde in my hart to marry
a foole : for if she be impudent I shal not rule hir: and if she be
obstinate, she will rule me, and my selfe none of the wisest, me
thinketh it were no good match, for two fooles in one bed are too
many.
Witte of ail thinges setteth my fancies on edge, but I should
hardly chuse a wanton : for be she neuer so wise, if alwayes she want
one when she hath me, I had as leife she should want me too, for of
ail my appareil I woulde haue my cappe fit close.
Uertue I cannot mislike, which hether-too I haue honoured, but
such a crooked Apostle I neuer brooked : for vertue may well fatte
my minde, but it will neuer feede mine eie, & in mariage, as market
9 to'] so 2o to ] for rest 3 fancy re«t 33 should] would
-6a$ of oto. 1 rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 6 3
folkes tel me, the husband should haue two eies, & the wife but one :
but in such a match it is as good to haue no eye, as no appetite.
But to aunswere of three inconueniences, which I would chuse
(although each threaten a mischiefe) I must needes take the wise
wanton : who if by hir wantonnesse she will neuer want wher she
likes, yet by hir wit she will euer conceale whom she loues, & to
weare a home and hOt knowe it, will do me no more harme then to
eate a flye, and hOt sec it.
fifA'da I know not whether stong with mine answer, or not content
with my opini6, replied in this maner.
Then tqdus when you match, God send you such a one, as you
like best: but be sure alwaies, that your head be hOt higher then
your hat. And thus faining an excuse departed to hir lodging, vhich
caused al the company to breake off their determined pastimes,
leauing me perplexedwith a hundred contrary imaginations.
For this t'Ailautus thought I, that eyther I did not hit the question
which she would, or that I hit it too full against hir will : for to saye
the trueth, wittie she was and some-what inertie, but God knoweth
so farre from wantonnesse, as my selfe was from wisdome, and I as
farre from thinking iii of hir, as I found hir from taking me well.
Thus ail night tossing in my bedde, I determined the next daye, if
anye opportunitie were offered, to offer also my importunate seruice.
.And found the time fitte, though hir minde so frovard, that to
thinke of it my heart throbbeth, and to vtter it, wil bleede freshly.
The next daye I comming to the gallery where she was solitar3.1y
walking, w t hir frowning cloth, as sick lately of the solens, vnder-
standing my father to bee gone on hunting, and al other the
Gentlewomen either walked abrod to take the aire, or not yet redy
to corne out of their chambers, I aduentured in one ship to put ail
my wealth, and at this time to open my long conceled loue, deter-
mining either to be a Knight as we saye, or a knitter of cappes.
And in this manner I vttered my first speach.
dy, to make a long preamble to a short sute, wold seeme super-
fluous, and to beginne abruptly in a matter of great waight,
might be thought absurde : so as I am brought into a doubt whether
I should offend you with too many wordes, or hinder my selfe with
too fewe. She not staying for a longer treatise brake me of thus
roundly.
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28 abroad A rest 3o-x dçtermined GiE rest

64 EUPHUES _AND HIS ENGLAND
Gentle-man a short sure is soone ruade, but great matters hOt easily
graunted, if your request be reasonable a word wil serue, if hot,
a thousand wil hot suffice. Therfore if ther be any thing that I may
do you pleasure in, see it be honest, and vse hot tedious discourses
or colours of retorick, which though they be thought courtly, yet are 5
they hOt esteemed necessary: for the purest Emeraud shineth
britest when it hath no oyle, and trueth delighteth best, when it is
apparayled worst.
Then I thus replyed.
'Ayre Lady as I know you wise, so haue I round you curteous, to
which two qualities meetïg in one of so rare beautie, must
forshow some great meruaile, and workes such effectes in those,
that eyther haue heard of your prayse, or seene your person, yt they
are enforced to offer them-selues vnto your seruice, among the
number of which your vassalles, I though least worthy, yet most 5
willing, ara nowe corne to proffer both my lire to do you good, and
my lyuinges to be at your commaund, which franck offer proceeding
of a fEythfull mynde, can neyther be refused of you, nor misliked.
And bicause I would cut of speaches which might seeme to sauor
either of flattery, or deceipte, I conclude thus, that as you are the *o
first, vnto whome I haue vowed my loue, so you shall be the last,
requiring nothing but a friendly acceptaunce of my seruice, and
good-will for the rewarde of it.
Zffyda whose right eare beganne to gloe, and both whose cheekes
waxed read, eyther with choler, or bashfulnesse, tooke me vp thus 2
for stumbling.
Entle-man you make me blush as much for anger as shame,
that seeking to prayse me, & proffer your selle, you both
bring my good naine into question, and your iii meaning into
disdaine : so that thinking to present me with your hart, you haue .o
thrust into my hands the Serpent 4mhisbena, which hauing at ech
ende a sting, hurteth both wayes. You tearme me fayre, and ther-in
you flatter, wise and there-in you meane wittie, curteous which in
other playne words, if you durst haue vttered it, you would haue
named wanton. 5
Haue you thought me Fidus, so light, that none but I could fit
a reasoble 3/ 4 honost 3I 5 cuolors 2I 6 Emerauld G :
Emerald test 7 best on. rest z workes snch effeet G: work
such effect test af redde ' test a 9 into ] in test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 6 5
your loosenesse ? or ara I the wittie wanton which you harped vpon
yester-night, that would alwayes giue you the stynge in the head ?
you are much deceyued in mec t;idus, and I as much in you : for
you shall neuer finde me for your appetite, and I had thought neuer
to haue tasted you so vnplesant to mine. If I be amiable, I will
doe those things that are fit for so good a face: if deformed, those
things which shall make me faire. And howsoeuer I lyue, I pardon
your presumption, knowing it to be no fesse common in Court then
foolish, to tell a faire tale, to a foule Lady, wherein they sharpen
I confesse their wittes, but shewe as I thinke small wisedome, and
you among the test, bicause you would be accompted courtly, haue
assayed to feele the veyne you cannot sec, wherein you follow hOt
the best Phisitions, yet the most, who feeling the puises, doe al-wayes
say, it betokeneth an Ague, and ),ou seeing my puises beat pleasauntly,
iudge me apte to fall into a fooles Feuer: which leaste it happen
to shake mec heere-after, I am minded to shake you off now, vsing
but one request, wher I shold seeke oft to reuenge, that is, that you
neuer attempt by word or writing to sollicite your sure, which is no
more p]easaunt to me, then the wringing of a streight shoe.
When she had vttered these bitter words, she was going into hir
chamber: but I that now had no staye of my selfe, began to staye
hir, and thus agayne to replye.

I Perceiue f.ffida that where the streame runneth smoothest, the
water is deepest, and where the ]east smoake is, there to be the
2 5 greatest tire: and wher the mildest countenaunce is, there to be
the melancholiest conceits. I sweare to thee by the Gods, and there
she interrupted me againe, in this manner.

'Idus the more you sweare, the lesse I beleeue you, for that it is
a practise in Loue, to haue as little care of their owne oathes,
as they haue of others honors, imitating Iuiter, who neuer kept
oath he swore to Iuno, thinking it lawfull in loue to haue as small
regard of Religion, as he had of chastitie. And bicause I wil not
feede you with delayes, nor that you should comfort your selfe with
tryall, take this for a flatte aunswere, that as yet I meane not to loue
any, and if I doe, it is hOt you, & so I leaue you. But once againe

66 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I stayed hir steppes being now through|y heated as well with loue
as with eho|ar, and thus I thundered.
F I had vsed the polycie that Huniers doe, in catching of l-Ziena,
if might be also, I had now won you : but e6ming of the right
side, I ara entangled my selle, & had if ben on ye left side, I shold
haue inueigled thee. Is this the guerdon for good wil, is this ye
courtesie of Ladies, the lyfe of Courtiers, the foode of louers ? Ah
Iffida, little dost thou know the force of affection, & therfore thou
rewardest it lightly, neither shewing curtesie lyke a Louer, nor giuing
thankes lyke a Ladye. If I shoald compare my bloud with thy
birth, I ara as noble: if my wealth with thine, as rich: if confer
qualities, not much inferiour : but in good wil as farre aboue thee,
as thou art beyond me in pride.
Doest thou disdaine me bicause thou art beautiful ? why coulours
fade, when courtesie flourisbetb. Doest thou reiect me for that thou
art wise ? why wit hauing tolde ail his cardes, lacketh many an ace
of wisedome, But this is incident to women to loue those that least
care for. them, and to hate those that most desire them, making
a stake of that, which they should vse for a stomacher.
And seeing it is so, better lost they are with a lyttle grudge, then
round with much griefe, better solde for sorrow, then bought for
repentaunce, and better to make no accompt of loue, then an
occupation: Wher ail ones seruice be it neuer so great is neur
thought inough, when were it neuer so lyttle, it is too much. When
I had thus raged, she thus replyed.
]dus you goe the wrong way to the Woode, in making a gappe,
when the gare is open, or in seeking to enter by force, when
your next way lyeth by fauor. Where-in you follow the humour of
Aiax, who loosing AcAilles shielde by reason, thought to winne it
againe by rage : but it fell out with him as it doth commonly, with
ail those yt are cholaricke, that he hurt no man but himself, neither
haue you moued any to offêce but your selfe. And in my minde,
though simple be the comparison, yet seemely it is, that your anger
is lyke the wrangling of children, who whên they cannot get what
they would haue by playe, they fall to crying, & ot vnlyke the vse
of foule gamesters, who hauing lost the maine by true iudgement,
9 nor] or " test 6 lacked " test 9 stake] stacke A test o a oto.
rest 2 9 treason rest

thinke
which
haue a
let me

EUPHUES ANI HIS ENGLAND 67
to face it out with a false oath, and you missing of my loue,
you required in sport, determine to hit it by spire. If you
commission to take vp Ladyes, lette me see it : if a priuiledge,
know it: if a custome, I meane to breake it.

5 You talke of your birth, when I knowe there is no difference of
blouds in a basen, and as lyttle doe I esteeme those that boast
of their auncestours, and haue themselues no verrue, as I doe of
those that crake of their loue, and haue no modestie. I knowe
Nature hath prouided, and I thinke out lawes allow it, that one maye
xo loue when they see their rime, hOt that they must loue when others
appoint it.
Where-as you bring in a rabble of reasons, as it were to bynde
mee agaynst my will, I aunswere that in ail respectes I thinke you
so farre to excell mee, that I cannot finde in my heart to matche
x5 ,.vith you.
For one of so great good will as you are, to encounter with one of
such pride as I am, wer neither commendable nor conuenient, no
more then a patch of Fustian in a Damaske coat.
As for my beautie & wit, I had rather make them better then they
2o are, being now but meane, by vertue, then worse then they are, which
,.voulde then be nothing, by Loue.
Now wher-as you bring in (I know hot by what proofe, for
I thinke you were neuer so much of womens counsells) that there
v¢omen best lyke, where they be least beloued, then ought (you) the
25 more to pitie vs, hot to oppresse vs, seeing we haue neither free will
to chuse, nor fortune to enioy. Then .Fidus since your eyes are so
sharpe, that you cannot onely looke through a Milstone, but cleane
through the minde, and so cunning that you can leuell at the dis-
positions of women whom you neuer knew, me thinketh you shold
3o vse the meane, if you desire to haue the ende, which is to hate those
whom you would faine haue to loue you, for this haue you set for
a rule (yet out of square) that women then loue most, when they be
loathed most. And to the ende I might stoope to your lure, I pray
begin to hate me, that I may loue you.
5 Touching your loosing and finding, your buying & sellyng, it
much skilleth hot, for I had rather you shoulde loose me so you
might neuer finde me againe, then finde me that I should thinke

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68 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
my selle lost: and rather had I be solde of you for a penny, then
bought for you with a poùd. If you meane either to make an Art
or an Occupation of Loue, I doubt not but you shal finde worke
in the Court sufficient: but you shal not know the length of my
foote, vntill by your cunning you get commendation. A Phrase 5
now there is which belongeth to your Shoppe boorde, that is, to
make loue, and when I shall heure of what fashion it is ruade, if
I like the pattorn, you shall cut me a partlet : so as )'ou cut it not
with a paire of left handed sheeres. And I doubte not though you
haue marred your first loue in the making, yet by the rime )'ou haue xo
ruade three or foure loues, you will proue an expert work-manne:
for as yet )'ou are like the Taylours boy, who thinketh to take
measure before he can handle the sheeres.
And thus I protest vnto you, bicause you are but a younge
begynner, that I will helpe you to as much custome as I canne, so x5
as you will promyse mee to sowe no false stitches, and when nlyne
old loue is worne thread-bare, you shall take measure of a newe.
In the meane season do not discourage your self. Apelles was
no good Paynter the first day: For in euery occupation one must
first endeauour to beginne. He that will sell lawne must learne to 2o
folde it, and he that will make loue, must leame first to courte it.
As she was in this vaine very pleasaunt, so I think she would
haue bene verye long, had not the Gentlewoemen called hlr to walk,
being so faire a day : then tak[ng hir leaue very curteously, she left
me alone, yet turning againe she saide: will you not manne vs aS
.Fidus, beeing so proper a man ? Yes quoth I, and w[thout asking
to, had you beene a proper woman. Then smyllng shee saide: )'ou
should finde me a proper woman, had you bene a proper work-man.
And so she departed.
Nowe .Philaulus and .Euphues, what a traunce was I left in, who 30
bewailing my loue, was answered with hate : or if not wlth hate, with
such a kind of heate, as almost burnt the very bowels with-in me.
What greter discurtesie could ther possibly rest in the minde of
a Gentle-woman, then with so many nips, such bitter girdes, such
disdainfull glickes to answere him, that honoured hir? What
crueltie more vnfit for so comely a Lady, then to spurre him that
galloped, or to let him bloud in the hart, whose veine she shold
haue stanched in the liuer ? But it fared with me as with the herb
a! first learne E rest a 5 me] him E rest 33 possible EF 35
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 6 9
Basill, the which ye more it is crousshed, the sooner it springeth, or
the rue, which the oftner it is cutte, the better it groweth, or the
poppy, which the more it is troden with the feete, the more it
florisheth. Fr in these extremities, beaten as it were to the ground
$ with disdain, my loue recheth to the top of the bouse with hope,
hOt vnlike vnto a Tree, which though it be often felled to the hard
roote, yet it buddeth againe & getteth a top.
But to make an ende both of my tale and my sorrowes, I 'ill
proceede, onely crauing a little pacience, if I fall into naine old
o passions: With-that Mlautus came in with his spoake, saying: in
fayth fiïdus, mee thinketh I could neuer be weary in hearing this
discourse, and I feare me the ende will be to soone, although I feele
in my self the impression of thy sorows. Yea quoth uues, you
shall finde my friend hilautus so kinde harted, that belote you
* 5 haue done, he will be farther in loue with hir, then you were : for as
your Lady saide, PMlautus wiil be bound to make loue as warden
of y occupation. Then t;idus, well God graunt Mlaul«s better
successe than I hadde, which was too badde. For my Father being
returned from hunting, and tbe Gentle-women from walking, the
2o table was couered, and we all set downe to dinner, none more
pleasaunt then Iffyda, which would hot conclude hir mirth, and
I hOt melanchol.ie, bicause I would couer my sadnesse, least either
she might thinke me to doat, or my Father suspect me to desire
hir. .And thus we both in table talke beganne to test. She
25 requesting me to be hir caruer, and I hot attending well to that
she craued, gaue hir salt, which when sbe receiued, shee gan
thus to reply.

N sooth Gentle-manne I seldome eate salte for feare of anger,
and if you giue it mee in token that I want witte, then will you
o make me cholericke before I eate it : for woemen be they neuer so
foolish, would euer be thought wise.
I stayd not long for mine aunswere, but as well quickened by hir
former talke, and desirous to crye quittaunce for hir present tongue,
sayd thus.
3 If to eate store of salt cause one to frette, and to haue no salte
signifie lacke of wit, then do you cause me to meruaile, that eating
no salte you are so captious, and louing no sait you are so wise,
3 foote E ret 20 sate ret 26 craued] carued 21I 9 it
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70 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
when in deede so much wit is sufficient for a woman, as when
she is in the faine can warne hir to come out of it.
You mistake your ayme quoth Iffyda, for such a shov¢re may
fall, as did once into .Danaes lap, and then yt woman were a foole
that would come out of it: but it may be your mouth is out of
taste, therfore you were best season it with sait.
In deede quoth I, your aunsweres are so fresh, that with-out sait
I can hardly swallow them. Many nips were returned that rime
betweene vs, and some so bitter, that I thought them to proceede
rather of mallice, to worke dispite, then of mirth to shewe disporte.
My Father very de.sirous to heare questions asked, willed me after
dinner, to vse some demaund, which after grace I did in this sorte.

dy Iff),da, it is not vnlikly but yt you tan aunswer a question
as wisely, as the last nyght you asked one wilylie, and I trust
you wil be as ready to resolue any doubt by entreatie, as I was by
commaQdement.
There was a Lady in Sai»e, who after the decease of hir Father
hadde three sutors, (and yet neuer a good Archer) the one excelled
in ail giftes of the bodye, in-somuch that there could be nothing
added to his perfection, and so armed in all poyntes, as his very
lookes were able to pearce the heart of any Ladie, especially of
such a one, as seemed hir selfe to haue no lesse beautie, than he had
personage.
For that, as betweene the similitude of manners there is a friend-
ship in euerie respecte absolute : so in the composition of the bodye
there is a certaine loue engendred by one looke, where both the
bodyes resemble each other as wouen both in one lombe. The
other hadde nothing to commend him but a quicke witte, which
hec hadde alwayes so at his will, that nothing could be Sl:oken, but
he would wrest it to his owne purpose, which wrought such delight
in this Ladye, who was no lesse wittie then hec, that you woulde
haue thought a mariage to be solempnized before the match could
be talked of. For there is nothing in loue more requisite, or more
delectable, then pleasaunt and wise conference, neyther canne there
aryse any storme in loue which by witte is not turned to a calme.
The thirde was a Gentle-man of great possessions, large reuenues,
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 7t
fu]l of money, but neither the wisest that euer enioyed so much,
nor yo properst that euer desired so much, he had no plea in his
sute, but gyllt, which rubbed we]l in a boat hand is such a grease
as will supple a ver), hard heart. And who is so ignorant that
$ knoweth hot, gold be a key for euery locke, chiefl),e with his Ladye,
who hir selfe was well stored, and as yet infected with a desyre of
more, that shee could not but lende him a good countenaunce in
this match.
Now Lady Iffida, you are to determine this Sanish bargaine,
o or if you please, we wil make it an English controuersie : supposing
you to be the Lady, and three such Gentlemen to corne vnto you
a woing, In faith who should be the speeder ?
Entleman (quoth Iffida) you may aunswere your owne question
by your owne argument if you would, for if you c6clude the
x5 Lady to be beautiful, wittie and wealthy, then no doubt she will take
such a one, as should haue comelynesse of body, sharpenesse of
wit, and store of riches: Otherwise, I would condempne that wit in
hir, which you seeme so much to commend, hir selfe excelling in
three qualyties, shee should take one, v¢hich v¢as endued but vdth
2o one: in perfect loue the eye must be pleased, the eare delighted,
the heart comforted : beautie causeth the one, wit the other, wealth
the third.
To loue onely for comelynesse, were lust: to lyke for wit onely,
madnesse : to desire chiefly for goods, couetousnesse : and yet can
25 there be no loue with-out beautie, but we loath it: nor with-out
wit, but wee scorne it: nor with-out riches, but we repent it. Euery
floure bath his blossome, his sauour, his sappe : and euery desire
should haue to feede the eye, to please the wit, to maintaine the
roote.
3o Gam'medes maye cast an amiable countenaunce, but that feedeth
hot: Vlysses tell a wittie tale, but that fatteth not: Croesus bring
bagges of gold, & that doth both : yet with-out the ayde of beautie
he cannot bestow it, and with-out wit he knowes hot how to vse it.
So that I ara of this minde, there is no Lady but in hir choyce wil
35 be so resolute, that either she wil lyue a virgin till she haue such
a one, as shall haue ail these three properties, or els dye for anger,
if she match with one that wanteth any one of them.
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72 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I perceiuing hir to stand so stifly, thotaght if I might to remoue
hir footing, and replyed againe.
dY )'ou now thinke by pollicie to start, where you bound me
to aunswere by necessitie, hOt suff-ering me to ioyne three
flowers in one Nosegay, but to chuse one, or els to leaue ail. The 5
lyke must I craue at your hands, that if of force )'ou must consent
to any one, whether would you haue the proper man, the wise, or
the rich.
She as not without an answere, quickly requited me.
Lthough there be no force, which ma), compel me to take anye, o
neither a profer, where-by I might chuse all: Yet to aunswere
)'ou flatly, I woulde haue the wealthiest, for beautie without riches,
goeth a begging, and wit with-out wealth, cheapeneth all things in
the Faire, but buyeth nothing.
Truly Lady' quoth I, either you speake hOt as )'ou think, or )'ou J5
be far ouershot, for me thinketh, that he yt hath beautie, shal haue
money of ladyes for almes, and he that is wittie wil get it by craft:
but the rich hauing inough, and neither loued for shape nor sence,
must either keepe his golde for those he knowes not, or spend it
on them, that cares not. XVell, aunswered )'ffïda, so man), men, so 20
many mindes, now you haue my opinion, )'ou must not thinke to
wring me from it, for I had rather be as all women are, obstinate
in mine owne conceipt, then apt to be wrought to others
constructions.
My father liked hir choyce, whether it were to flatter hir, or for fi
feare to off-end hir, or that he loued money himselfe better then either
wit or heautie. And our conclusions thus ended, she accompaniecl
with hir gentlewomen and other hir seruaunts, went to hir Uncles,
hauing taried a da), longer with my father, then she appoynted,
though not so manye with me, as shee was welcome. 3o
Ah tMlaulus, what torments diddest thou thinke poore tidus
endured, who now felt the flame euen to take full holde of his
heart, and thinking by solitarinesse to driue away melancholy, and
by imagination to forget loue, I laboured no otherwise, then he that
to haue his Horse stande still, pricketh him with the spurre, or he 3fi
that hauing sore eyes rubbeth them with -alt water. At tlae last
with continual abstinence from meat, from company, from sleepe»
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 73
my body began to consume, & my head to waxe idle, insomuch that
the sustenance which perforce was thrust into my mouth, was neuer
disgested, nor ye talke which came from my adle braines liked : For
euer in my slumber me thought .i'jfida presented hir self, now with
5 a countenance pleasaunt and merry, streight-waies with a colour full
of wrath and mischiefe.
My father no lesse sorrowfull for my disease, then ignorant of ye
cause, sent for diuers Phisitions, among the which ther came an
Italian, who feeling my pulses, casting my water, & marking my
o lookes, commaunded the chamber to be voyded, & shutting the
doore applyed this medicine to my malady. Gentleman, there is
none that can better heale your wound than he yt ruade it, so that
you should haue sent for Culid, not Aescula?ius, for although they
be both Gods, yet will they hot meddle in each others office.
.4i2elles wil hOt goe about to amêd Zisiius caruing, yet they both
wrought Mlexàder: nor Iiocrates busie himself wt Ottids art, &
yet they both described Yenus. Your humour is to be purged not
by the Apothecaries confections, but by the following of good
counsaile.
o You are in loue Fidus? Which if you couer in a close chest,
will burne euery place before it burst the locke. For as we know
by Phisick that poyson wil disperse it selfe into euery veyne, before
it part the hart: so I haue heard by those y in loue could say
somwhat, that it maimeth euerye parte, belote it kill the Lyuer.
a5 If therefore you will make me priuie to all your deuises, I xvill
procure such meanes, as you shall recouer in short space, otherwise
if you seeke to conceale the partie, and encrease your passions, you
shall but shorten your lyfe, and so loose your Loue, for whose sake
you lyue.
,o When I heard my Phisition so pat to hit my disease, I could hot
dissemble with him, least he shold bewray it, neither would I, in hope
of remedy.
Unto him I discoursed the faithfull loue, which I bore to Ida,
and described in euery pertieular, as to you I haue donc. Which
' he hearing, procured with in one daye, Lady IffMa to sec me, telling
my Father, that my disease was but a consuming Feuer, which he
hoped in short rime to cure.
When my Lady came, and saw me so altered in a moneth, wasted
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74 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
to the harde bones, more lyke a ghoast then a lyuing creature, after
many words of comfort {as women want none about sicke persons)
when she saw opportunitie, she asked me whether the Italian wer
my messenger, or if he were, whether his embassage were true, which
question I thus aunswered. 5
dy to dissemble with the worlde, when I ana departing from it,
woulde profite me nothing with man, & hinder me much with
god, to make my deathbed the place of deceipt, might hasten my
death, and encrease my daunger.
I haue loued you long, and now at the length must leaue you, io
whose harde heart I will hOt impute to discurtesie, but destinie,
it contenteth me that I dyed in fayth, though I coulde hOt liue
in fauour, neyther was I euer more desirous to begin my loue, thê
I ara now to ende my life. Thinges which cannot be altered are to
be borne, hOt blamed: follies past are sooner remembred then 1S
redressed, and rime lost may well be repented, but neuer recalled.
I will hOt recount the passions I haue suffered, I think the effects
show them, and now it is more behoofull for me to rail to praying
for a new lire, then to remember the olde: yet this I ad (which
though it merit no mercy to saue, it deserueth thankes of a friend) 2o
that onely I loued thee, and liued for thee, and nowe dye for thee.
And so turning on my left side, I fetched a deepe sigh.
Iffyda the water standing in hir eyes, clasping my hand in hirs,
with a sadde countenaunce answered mee thus.

V good Fidus, if the encreasing of my sorrowes, might mittigate
the extremitie of thy sicknes, I could be content to resolue
my selle into teares to ridde thee of trouble: but the making of
a fresh wound in my body, is nothing to the healing of a festred
sore in thy bowelles : for that such diseases are to be cured in the
end, by the meanes of their originall. For as by Basill the Scorpion
is engendred, and by the meanes of the same hearb destroyed: so
loue which by rime & fancie is bred in an idle head, is by rime and
fancie banished from the heart: or as the Salamander which being
a long space nourished in the tire, at the last quencheth it, so
affection hauing taken holde of the rancie, and liuing as it were in
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 75
the minde of the louer, in tract of tyme altereth and chaungeth the
heate, and turneth it to chilnesse.
It is no small griefe to me dus, that I should bec thought to be
the cause of thy languishing, and cannot be remedy of thy disease.
For vnto thee I will reueale more then either wisdome would allowe,
or my modestie permit.
And yet so much, as may acquit me of vngratitude towards thee,
and ridde thee of the suspition concieued of me.

S O it is _idus and my good friende, that about a two yeares past,
io ther was in court a Gentlem., hOt vnknown vnto thee, nor
I think vnbeloued of thee, whose name I will hOt conceale, least
thou shouldest eyther thinke me to forge, or him hOt worthy to be
named. This Gentleman was called 27drsus, in ail respectes so
well qualified as had he not beene in loue with mee, I should haue
t5 bene enamoured of him.
But his hastinesse preuented my heate, who began to sue for that,
which I was ready to proffer, whose sweete tale although I wished
it to be true, yet at the first I could hOt beleeue it : For that men in
matters of loue haue as many wayes to deceiue, as they haue wordes
2o to vtter.
I seemed straight laced, as one neither accustomed to such suites,
nor willing to entertaine such a seruant, yet so warily, as putting him
from me with my little finger, I drewe him to me with my whole
hand.
25 For I stoode in a great mamering, how I might behaue my selfe,
least being too coye he might thinke mee proud, or vsing too much
curtesie, he might iudge mee wanton. Thus long time I held him
in a doubt, thinking there-by to haue iust tryall of his faith, or plaine
knowledge of his falshood. In this manner I led my life almost
3o one yeare, vntill with often meeting and diuers conferrences, I felt
my selfe so wounded, that though I thought no heauen to my happe,
yet I lyued as it were in hell till I had enioyed my hope.
For as the tree Ebenus though it no way be set in a flame, yet it
burneth with sweete sauors : so my minde though it could hot be
35 fired, for that I thought my selfe wise, yet was it almost consumed
to ashes with pleasaunt delights and sweete cogitations : in-somuch
as it fared with mee, as it doth with the trees striken 'ith thunder,

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76 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
which hauing the barkes sounde, are brused in the bodye, for finding
my outwarde pattes with-out blemyshe, looking into my minde,
coulde not see it with-out blowes.
I now perceiuing it high time to vse the Phisition, who was
alwayes at bande, determined at the next meeting to conclud such
faithful and inuiolable league of loue, as neither the length of time,
nor the distance of place, nor the threatning of friendes, nor the
spight of fortune, nor the feare of death, should eyther alter or
diminish : Which accordingly was then finished, and hath hether-to
bene truely fulfilled.
Thirsus, as thou knowest hath euer since bene beyonde the Seas,
the remembraunce of whose constancie is the onely comfort of my
life : neyther do I reioyce in any thing more, then in the fayth of my
good Thirsus.
Then Fidus I appeale in this case to thy honestie, which shall
determine of myne honour. Wouldest thou haue me inconstant to
my olde friend, and faythfull to a newe ? Knoest thou hOt that as
the Almond tree beareth most fruite when he is olde, so loue hath
greatest fayth when it groeth in age. It falleth out in loue, as it
doth in Uines, for the young Uines bring the most ine but the olde
the best: So tender loue maketh greatest showe of blossomes, but
tryed loue bringeth forth sweetest iuyce.
And yet I will say thus much, hOt to adde courage to thy
attemptes, that I haue taken as great delight in thy company, as
euer I did in anyes, (my Thirsus onely excepted) which was the
cause that oftentymes, I would eyther by questions moue thee to
talke, or by quarrels incêse thee to choller, perceiuing in thee a wit
aunserable to my desire, which I thought throughly to whet by
some discourse. But ert thou in comlines Alexander, and rny
Thirsus, Thersites, wert thou Vlysses, he l£ydas, thou Crtesus, he
Codrus, I would not forsake him to haue thee: no not if I might
ther-by prolong thy lire, or saue naine owne, so fast a roote bath true
loue taken in my hart, that the more it is digged at, the deeper
it groweth, the oftener it is cut, the lesse it bleedeth, and the more
it is loaden, the better it beareth.
What is there in this vile earth that more commendeth a woman
then constancie ? It is neyther his wit, though it be excellent that
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 77
I esteeme, neyther his byrth though it be noble, nor his bringing
vppe, which hath alwayes bene courtlye, but onelye his constancie
and my fayth, which no torments, no tyrant, hOt death shall dissolue.
For neuer shall it be said that Iffyda was false to çhirsus, though
5 'hirsus bee faythlesse (which the Gods forfend) vnto Iffyda.
For as .4mulius the cunning painter so protrayed A1"[nerua, that
which waye so-euer one cast his eye, she alwayes behelde him: so
hath Cu2#id so exquisetlye drawne the Image of çhirsus in my heart,
that what way so-euer I glaunce, mee thinketh hee looketh stedfastlye
o vppon mee : in-somuch that when I haue seene any to gaze on my
beautye (simple God wotte though it bee) I haue wished to haue the
eyes of AuKustus Cesar to dymme their sightes with the sharp and
scorching beames.
Such force hath rime and triall wrought, that if Z'h[rse«s shoulde
dye I woulde be buried with him, imitating the Eagle which Sesta
a Uirgin brought vp, who seeing the bones of the Uirgin cast into
the tire, threw him selle in with them, and burnt himself with them.
Or tti2#2#o«rates Twinnes, who were borne together, laughed together,
wept together, and dyed together.
o For as Alexander woulde be engrauen of no one man, in a precious
stone, but onely ofPergotales : so would I haue my picture imprinted
in no heart, but in his, by 'Mrsus.
Consider with thy selfe _Fidus, that a faire woman with-out con-
stancie, is hot vnlyke vnto a greene tree without fruit, resembling the
Counterfait that 'raxiiles made for Flora, before the which if one
stoode directly, it seemed to weepe, if on the left side to laugh,
if on the other side to sleepe: where-by he noted the light
behauiour of hir, which could hot in one constant shadow be set
downe.
And yet for ye great good wil thou bearest me, I can hot reiect
thy seruice, but I will hot adroit thy loue. But if either my friends,
or my selfe, my goods, or my good will may stande thee in steede,
vse me, trust mee, commaund me, as farre foorth, as thou canst
with modestie, & I may graunt with mine honour. If to talke with
me, or continually to be in thy company, ma}, in any respect satisfie
thy desire, assure thy selfe, I wil attend on thee, as dilygently as thy
lIourse, and bee more carefull for thee, then thy Phisition. More
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8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I can not promise, without breach of my faith, more thou canst not
aske without the suspition of folly.
Heere Fidus take this Diamond, which I haue hard olde women
say, to haue bene of great force, against idle thoughts, vayne dreames,
and phrenticke imaginations, which if it doe thee no good, assure
thy selle it can do thee no harme, and better I thinke it against
such enchaunted fantasies, then either fomers AroIy, or _Plinyes
Centaurio.
When my Lady had ended this straunge discourse, I was striken
into such a maze, that for the space almost of halle an houre, I lay
as it had ben in a traQce, mine eyes almost standing in my head
without moti6, my face without colour, my mouth without breath,
in so much that Iffida began to scrich out, and call company, which
called me also to my selfe, and then with a faint & trembling tongue,
I vttered these words. Lady I cannot vse as many words as I would,
bicause you see I ara weake, nor giue so many thankes as I should,
for that you deserue infinite. If rAirsus haue planted the Uine,
I wil not gather the grapes: neither is it reason, that he hauing
sowed with payne, that I should reape the plesure. This sufficeth
me and delighteth me hOt a litle, yt you are so faithfull, & he so
fortunate. Yet good lady, let me obtain one smal sure, which dero-
gating nothing from your true loue, must needes be lawful, that is,
that I may in this my sicknesse enioy your company, and if I recouer,
be admitted as your seruaunt: the one wil hasten my health, the
other prolong my lyre. She courteously graunted both, and so care-
fully tended me in my sicknesse, that what with hir merry sporting,
and good nourishing, I began to gather vp my crumbes, and in short
time to walke into a gallerie, neere adioyning vnto my chamber,
wher she disdained hOt to lead me, & so at al rimes to vse me, as
though I had ben TAirsus. Euery euening she wold put forth either
some pretie questi6, or vtter some mery conceit, to driue me ff6
melancholy. There was no broth that would downe, but of hir
making, no meat but of hir dressing, no sleepe enter into mine eyes,
but by hir singing, insomuch as she was both my Nurse, my Cooke,
and my Phisition. Being thus by hir for the space of one moneth
cherished, I waxed strong & so lustie, as though I had neuer bene
sicke.

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 79
N Ow .Philaus iudge hot parcially, whether was she a lady of
greater constancie towards TMrsus, or courtesie towards me ?
Philautus thus aunswered. Now surely t;idus in my opinion, she
,vas no lesse to be commended for keeping hir faith inuiolable, then
to be praised for giuing such aimes vnto thee, which good behauiour,
differeth farre from the nature of out rtalian Dames, who if they be
constant they dispise al other that seeme to loue them. But I long
yet to heare the ende, for me thinketh a matter begon with such
heate, shoulde hot ende with a bitter colde.
0 Philautus, the ende is short and lamentable, but as it is
haue it.

S He after long recreating of hir selle in the country, repayred
againe to the court, and so did I also, wher I lyued as the
Elephant doth by aire, with the sight of my Lady, who euer vsed
15 me in ail hir secrets as one that she most trusted. But my ioyes
were too great to last, for euen in the middle of my blisse, there
came tidings to Iffida, that 2hirsus was slayn by the Turkes, being
then in paye with the King of Spaine, which battaile was so bloody,
that many gentlemen lost their lyues.
ao lffida so distraught of hir wits, with these newes fell into a phrensie,
hauing nothing in hir mouth, but alwayes this, Thirsus slayne, Thirsus
slayne, euer dubling this speach with such pitiful cryes & scriches,
as it would haue moued the souldiers of Vlisses to sorrow. At the
last by good keeping, and such meanes as by Phisicke were prouided,
a5 she came againe to hir selle, vnto whom I writ many letters to take
patiently the death of him, whose life could not be recalled, diuers
she aunswered, which I will shewe you at my better leasure.
But this was most straunge, that no sure coulde allure hir againe
to loue, but euer shee lyued all in blacke, hot once comming where
ao she was most sought for. But with-in the terme of fiue yeares, she
began a lyttle to lysten to mine old sute, of whose faithfull meaning
she had such tryall, as she coulde hot thinke that either taï loue was
buïlded vppon lust, or deceipt.
But destenie cut off my loue, by the cutting off hir lyre, for falling
5 into a hot pestilent feuer, she dyed, and how I tooke it, I meane hot

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80 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
fo te]l it : but forsaking the Court presently, I haue heere lyued euer
since, and so meane vntill Death shall call me.

N Ow Gentlemen I haue helde ),ou too long, I feare me, but
I haue ended at the last. You see what Loue is, begon with
griefe, continued with sorrowe, ended with death. A paine full of
pleasure, a ioye replenished with misery, a Heauen, a Hell, a God,
a Diuell, and what hOt, that either bath in it solace or sorrowe?
Where the dayes are spent in thoughts, the nights in dreames, both
in daunger, either beguylyng vs of that we had, or promising vs that
we had hOt. Full of iealousie with-out cause, and voyde of feare
when there is cause : and so many inconueniences hanging vpon it,
as to recken them ail were infinite, and to taste but one of them,
intollerable.
Yet in these dayes, it is thought the signes of a good wit, and the
only vertue peculyar to a courtier, For loue they sa)' is in ),oung
Gentlemen, in clownes itis lust, in olde men dotage, when it is in al
menne, madnesse.
But you 29hilautus, whose bloud is in his chiefest heate, are to
take great care, least being ouer-warmed ,'ith loue, it so inflame the
liuer, as it driue you into a consumption.
And thus the olde man brought them into dinner, wher they
hauing taken their repast, 29hilautus aswell in the naine of Euphues
as his own, gaue this answer to the old mans talc, and these or the
like thankes for his cost and curtesie.
Father, I thanke you, no lesse for your talke which I found
pleasaunt, then for your counsell, which I accompt profitable, and
so much for your great cheere and curteous entertainment as it
deserueth of those that can-not deserue any.
I perceiue in England the woemen and men are in loue constant,
to straungers curteous, and bountifull in hospitalitie, the two latter
we haue tryed to your cost, the other we haue heard to your paines,
and may Justifie thê al whersoeuer we beome to your praises and
our pleasure. This only we craue, that necessitie may excuse our
boldnesse, and for amendes we will vse such meanes, as although we
can-not make you gaine much, yet you shall loose little.

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGL2kND St
Then t:idus taking thilaut«s by the hand, spake thus to them
both.

Entle-men and friendes, I ara ashamed to receiue so many
thankes for so small curtesie, and so farre off itis for me to
looke for amêds for my cost, as I desire nothing more then to make
you ammendes for your company, & your good wills in accompting
well of ill fare : onely this I craue, that at your returne, after you
shall be feasted of great personages, you vochsafe to visitte the cotage
of poore tidus, where you shall be no lesse welcome then Iu#iter
o was to tacchus : Then hues.
We haue troubled you too long, and high tyme it is for poore
Pilgrimes to take the daye belote them, least being be-nighted, they
straine curtesie in an other place, and as we say in Athens, fishe and
gestes in three dayes are stale : Not-withstanding we will be bold to
x» sec you, and in the meane season we thank you, and euer, as we
ought, we wili pray for you.
Thus after many farewelles, with as many weleomes of the one
side, as thankes of the other, they departed, and framed their steppes
towards London. And to driue away the rime, Euthues began thus
o to instruct thilautus.
Hou seest t'hilautus the curtesie of Egland to surpasse, and
the constancie (if the olde Gentleman roide the trueth)
to excell, which warneth vs both to be thankfull for the benefits
we receiue, and circumspect in the behauiour we vse, least being
a vnmindfull of good turnes, we bec accompted ingrate, and being
dissolute in out liues, we be thought impudent.
When we come into London, wee shall walke in the garden of
the worlde, where amonge man)' flowers we shall sec some weedes,
sweete Roses and sharpe Nettles, pleasaunt Lillyes and pricking
3o Thornes, high Uines and louve Hedges. All thinges (as the fame
goeth) that maye eyther please the sight, or dislike the smell, eyther
feede the eye with delight, or fill the nose with infection.
Then good Z'MIautus lette the care I haue of thee be in steede
of graue counsell, and my good will towardes thee in place of
5 wisdome.
I hadde rather thou shouldest walke amonge the beddes of

8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
wolsome potte-hearbes, then the knottes of pleasaunt flowers, and
better shalt thou finde it to gather Garlyke for thy stomack, then
a sweete Uiolet for thy sences.
I feare mee tMlau/us, that seeing the amyable faces of the
Englyshe Ladyes, thou wilt cast of ail care both of my counsayle
and thine owne credit. For wel I know that a fresh coulour doth
easily dira a quicke sight, that a sweete Rose doth soonest pearce
a fine sent, that pleasaunt sirroppes doth chiefeliest infecte a delicate
taste, that beautifull woemen do first of ail allure them that haue the
wantonnest eyes and the whitest mouthes.
A straunge tree there is, called 41ina, which bringeth forth the
fayrest blossomes of ail trees, which the Bee eyther suspecting tobe
venemous, or misliking bicause it is so glorious, neither tasteth it
nor commeth neere it.
In the like case .Pilautus would I haue thee to imitate the Bee,
that when thou shalt beholde the amiable blossomes of the 41ine
tree in any woemanne, thou shunne them, as a place infected eyther
with poyson to kill thee, or honnye to deceiue thee: For it were
more conuenient thou shouldest pull out thine eyes and liue with-out
loue, then to haue them cleare and be infected with lust.
Thou must chuse a woeman as the Lapidarie doth a true Saphire,
who when he seeth it to glister, couereth it with oyle, & then if it
shine, he alloweth it, if not, hee breaketh it : So if thÇu fall in loue
with one that is beautifull, cast some kynde of coulour in hir face,
eyther as it were mislykinge hir behauiour, or hearing of hir light-
nesse, and if then shee looke as fayre as belote, wooe hir, win hir,
and weare hir.
Then my good friende, consider with thy selfe what thou art, an
Italian, where thou art, in England, whome thou shalt loue if thou
fall into that vaine, an Aungell: let not thy eye go beyond thy eare,
nor thy tongue so farre as thy feete.
And thus I coniure thee, that of all thinges thou refrayne from the
hot tire of affection.
For as the precious stone Inthracitis beeing throwne into the fyre
looketh blacke and halfe dead, but being cast into the water glistreth
like the Sunne beames : so the precious minde of man once put into
the flame of loue, is as it were vglye, and loseth his vertue, but
I wholesome A rest 25 myslylinge [ 30 thy 1] the AB 5x
so_'] as E rest thy ] the MB 32 that re.eatedbefore thou 21-G 34
Autharsitis alleds. 37 his] hir test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 83
sprinckled with the water of wisdome, and detestation of such fond
delightes, it shineth like the golden rayes of _Phoebus.
And it shall hOt be amisse, though nay Phisicke be sinaple, to
prescribe a straight diot before thou fall into thine olde desease.
First let thy appareil be but meane, neyther too braue to shew thy
pfide, nor too base to bewray thy pouertie, be as careful to keepe thy
mouth frona wine, as thy fingers frona fyre. Wine is the glasse of the
minde, and the onely sauce that 2Bacchus gaue Ceres when he fell in
loue : be hot daintie naouthed, a fine taste noteth the fond appetites,
that Ienus sayde hir .4donis to haue, who seing him to take chiefest
delight in coastle cates, smyling ayd this. I ara glad that my .4donis
bath a sweete tooth in his head, and who knoweth hOt what followeth?
But I will hot wade too farre, seeing heeretofore as wel in nay coo.ling
card, as at diuers other rimes, I haue giuen thee a caueat, in this
vanity of loue to haue a care : & yet nae thinketh the more I warne
thee, the lesse I dare trust thee, for I know hot how it commeth to
passe, that euery minute I ana troubled in nainde about thee.
When Eu#hues had ended, Philautus thus began.
l/ihues, I thinke thou wast borne with this word loue in thy
naouth, or yt thou art bewitched with it in nainde, for ther is
scarce three words vttered to me, but the third is Loue : which how
often I haue aunswered thou knowest, & yet that I speake as I thinke,
thou neuer beleeuest: either thinking thy selle, a God, to know
thoughts, or nae worse then a Diuell, hot to acknowledge them.
When I shall giue anye occasion, warne me, and that I should giue
none, thou hast already armed me, so that this perswade thy selle,
I wil sticke as close to thee, as the soale doth to the shoe. But
truely, I must needes comnaende the courtesie of England, and olde
Fidus for his constancie to his Lady 2rïda, and hir faith to hir friende
2"hirsus, the remenabraunce of which discourse didde often bring
in to my minde the hate I bore to Ludlla, who loued al1, and was
hOt found faithfull to any. But I lette that passe, least thou corne
in againe with thy fa-burthen, and hit me in the teeth with loue, for
thou hast so charnaed me, that I dare hot speake any word that may
be wrested to charitie, least thou say, I naeane Loue, and in truth,
I thinke there is no more difference betweene them, then betweene
a Broome, and a Beesonae.
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show 6J7, 63o-3 3 bare ,4BE test

84 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I will follow thy dyot and thy counsayle, I thanke thee for thy
good will, so that I wil now xvalke vnder thy shadowe and be at thy
commaundenaent: Not so aunswered vEuhues, but if thou follow me,
I dare be thy warrant we will not offend much. Much talke ther
s, as in the way, xvhich much shortned their way : and at last they
came to London, where they met diuers straungers of their friends,
who in small space brought them familiarly acquainted with certaine
English gentlemen who much delighted in ye company of vEuihues,
wh6 they round both sober & wise, yet some rimes mery & pleasant.
They wer brought into al places of ye citie, & lodged at ye last in
a Merchaunts house, wher they c6tinued till a certeine breach. They
vsed continually the Court, in ye which 2ïuîhhues tooke such delyght,
yt he acc6pted al ye pmises he hard of it belote, rather to be enuious,
thê otherwise, & to be parciall, in hOt giuing so much as it deserued,
& yet to be pardoned bicause they coulde hOt. It happened yt these
English gentlemen conducted these two straungers to a place, where
diuers gentlewomê wer : some courtiers, others of ye country : Wher
being welcome, they frequoeted almost euery day for ya space of one
moneth, enterteining of rime in courtly pastimes, though not in yo
court, inso much yt if they came hot, they xver sent for, & so vsed as
they had ben countrymê, not straungers, t'Mlautus w this continual
accesse & oftoe c6ference w gentlewomê, began to weane himselfe
fro yO counsaile of Eu2hhues, & to wed his eyes to the comelines of
Ladies, yet so warily as neither his friend could by narrow watching
discouer it, neither did he by any want6 countenance, bewray it, but
carying the Image of Loue, engrauen in ya bottome of his hart,
& the picture of courtesie, imprinted in his face, he was thought to
l?ukues courtly, and knowen to himselfe comfortlesse. Among
a number of Ladyes he fixed his eyes vpon one, whose countenaunce
seemed to promise mercy, & threaten mischief, intermedling a desire
of liking, with a disdain of loue : shewing hir selfe in courtesie to be
familyar with al, & with a certein comly pride to accept none, whose
xvit wold c6monly taunt wtout despite, but hOt wtout disport, as one
yt seemed to abhorre Joue worse then lust, & lust worse then murther,
of greater beautie thê birth, & yet of lesse beautie thê honestie, which
gate hir more honor by vertue then nature could by Arte, or fortune
might by promoti6. She was redy of answer, yet wary: shril of

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 8 5
speach, yet sweet : in al hir passi6s so temperate, as in hir greatest
mirth none wold think hir wanton, neither in hir deepest grief solum,
but alwaies to looke wt so sober cheerfulnes, as it was hardly thought
aher she "aer more c6mded for hir grauitie of ye aged, or for hir
courtlines of yo youth : oftentimes delighted to heare discourses of
loue, but euer desirous to be instructed in learning : somwhat curious
to keepe hir beautie, which ruade hir comly, but more careful to
increase hir credit, which ruade hir c6mendable : not adding ye length
of a haire to courtlines, yt might detract ye bredth of a haire ff6
,o chastitie : In al hir talke so pleasant, in al- hir lookes so amiable, so
graue modestie ioyned with so wittie mirth, yt they yt wer entangled
wt hir beautie, wer inforced to prefer hir wit before their wils:
& they yt loued hir verrue, wer compelled to prefer their affections
before hir wisdome: Whose rare qualyties, caused so straunge euents,
'5 yt the wise wer allured to vanitie, & the wantons to verrue, much
lyke ye riuer in Arabia, which turneth golde to drosse, & durt to
siluer. In conclusion, ther wanted nothi.ng in this English Angell
yt nature might adde for perfection, or fortune could giue for wealth,
or god doth c6monly bestow on mortal creatures : And more easie it
2o is in ye descripti6 of so rare a personage, to imagine what she had
hot, then to repeat al she had. But such a one she "aas, as almost
they ail are yt serue so noble a Prince, such virgins cary lights belote
such a lesta, such Nymphes, arrowes w t such a JPiana. But why go
I about to set hir in black & white, "ahome 29hilautus is now wt all
2 colours importraying in ye Table of his hart. And surely I think by
this he is half mad, whom 16g since, I left in a great maze. 29hilautus
viewing all these things, & more thê I haue vttered (for yt the louers
eye perceth deeper) wythdrew himself secretly into his lodging and
locking his dore, began to debate with himselfe in this manner.
o ,H thrice vnfortunate is he that is once faithful, and better it is to
be a mercilesse souldiour, then a true louer : the one liuetb by
an others death, ye other dyeth by his owne life. What straunge
fits be these 29hilautus y* burne thee with such a heate, y* thou
shakest for cold, & ail thy body in a shiuering sweat, in a flaming
35 yce, melteth like wax & hardeneth like the Adamant? Is it loue?
then would it were death : for likelyer it is yt I should loose my life,
2 sullom B : sullen GE rest 4 wher AIEF: where AB : whether//rest
(fer which wher is#rob, an abbrewiation) hir] y* 7 rest IO amible A
5 verrue] beautie E test x 5 vanities AttE test zz ail they E rest 29
his] the GE rest 35 the] that It test Adamat 21I 36 should] would '/r

86 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
then win my Loue. Ah Camilla, but why do I naine thee, when
thou dost not heare me, Camilla, naine thee I will, though thou haie
me. But Mas y« sound of thy naine doth make me sod for grief.
What is in me y thou shouldest not dispise, & what is ther not in
thee that I should hOt wonder at. Thou a woman, ya last thing God
ruade, & therefore ya best. I a man yt. could hOt liue without thee,
& therfore ye worst. Al things wer ruade for man, as a souereign,
and man ruade for woman, as a slaue. 0 Camilla, woulde either
thou hadst ben bred in Italy, or I in England, or wold thy vertues
wer lesse then thy beautie, or my verrues greater then my affections, to
I see that India bringeth golde, but England breedeth goodnesse :
And had not England beene thrust into a corner of the world it
would haue filled yO whole world with woe. Where such women are
as we haue talked of in Italy, heard of in Rorae, read of in Greece,
but neuer found but in this Island: _And for my part (I speake softly, tf
bicause I will hOt heare my selfe) would there were none such here,
or such euery wher. Ah fond Euphues my deere friend, but a simple
foole if thou beleeue now thy cooling Carde, and an obstinate foole
if thou do not recant it. But it may be thou layest that Carde for
yo eleuation of Araples like an Astronomer. If it wer so I forgiue 2o
thee, for I must beleeue thee: if for the whole world, behold England,
wher Camilla was borne, the flower of courtesie, the picture of
comelynesse: one that shameth Venus, beeing some-what fairer, but
much more vertuous, and stayneth Z)iana being as chast, but much
more amiable. I but 2hilautus yo more beuti she hath, yo more 25
pride, & ye more vertue yo more precisenes. The Pecock is a Bird
for none but Iuno, the Doue for none but Vesta: None must wear
Venus in a Tablet, but .4lexander, none t'allas in a ring but Vlysses.
For as there is but one P]wmix in the world, so is there but one
tree in .4rabia, where-in she buyldeth, and as there is but one Camilla 30
to be heard off, so is ther but one Coesar that she wil like off. Why
then thilaugus what resteth for thee but to dye with patience, seing
thou mayst not lyue with plesure. When thy disease is so daungerous
yt the third letting of bloud is not able to recouer thee, when neither
.4riadnes thrid, nor Sibillas bough, nor [edeas seede, may remedy 35
thy griefe. Dye, dye, hilautus, rather with a secret scarre, then an
open scorne. _Pagrodus can-not maske in Achilles armour without
3 sod] swound H rest (excezt 1623 sound) 8 a before woman E rest t I
breedeth] bringeth E rest I8 thy] the E test 19 corde H rest 21
thee, if . . . wodd. Behold 3I-G: thee, if . .. world, beehould EF 23
but] and E rest 28 Table E rest 3I there is test one] on A

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 8 7
a maime, nor -philautus in the English Court without a mocke. I but
ther is no Pearle so hard but Viniger breaketh it, no Diamond so
stony, but bloud mollyfieth, no hart, so stif but Loue weakeneth it.
And what then ? Bicause shee may loue one, is it necessarye shee
5 should loue thee ? Bee there hot infinite in England, who as farre
exceede thee in wealth, as she doth ail the Italians in wisedome, and
are as farre aboue thee in ail qualyties of the body, as she is aboue
them in ail gifles of the minde ? Doest thou not see euery minute
the noble youth of lngland frequent the Court, with no lesse courage
to then thou cowardise. If Courtlye brauery, may allure hir, who more
gallant, then they ? If personage, who more valyant ? If wit who
more sharp, if byrth, who more noble, if vertue, who more deuoute ?
When there are all thinges in them that shoulde delyght a Ladye,
and no one thing in thee that is in them, with what face -P/dlautus
I5 canst thou desire that, which they can-not deserue, or with what
seruice deserue that, whiche so manye desyre before thee ?
The more beautye Carailla hath, the lesse hope shouldest thou
haue: and thinke not but the bayte that caught thee, hath beguiled
other Englyshe-men or now. Infanntes they canne loue, neyther so
2o hard harted to despyse it, nor so symple hOt to discerne it.
It is likely then _Philautus that the Foxe will let the Grapes hang
for the Goose, or the English-man bequeath beautie to the ftalian ?
No no _PMlautus assure thy selfe, there is no Venus but she hath hir
Temple, where on the one side Vu&an may knocke but Jfars shall
5 enter: no Sainte but hath hir shrine, and he that can-not wynne
with a _Pater noster, must offer a pennye.
And as rare it is to see the Sunne with-out a iight, as a fayre
woeman with-out a louer, and as neere is Fancie to Beautie, as the
pricke to the Rose, as the stalke to the rynde, as the earth to the
30 roote.
Doest thou hOt thinke that hourely shee is serued and sued vnto,
of thy betters in byrth, thy equales in wealth, thy inferiors in no
respect.
If then she haue giuen hir fayth, darest thou call hir honour into
55 susp.ition of falshood ?
If she refuse such vaine delightes, wilt thou bring hir wisdome
into the compasse of folly ?
I maime] maine 3/AE theon. Hrest II witte A/: wittie» GE rest
I5 that I63o-36 only x 9 or] ere E test Infanntes so ai1 2x Is it
E rtst 2 3 as-assure 251 25 hir] his E rtst 28 is Fancie] infancie
E rest 3 2 thy oto. GE rest inferious '-I6I 7

88 EU HUES AND HIS ENGLAND
If she loue so beautiful a peece, thê wil she hOt be vnconstant
If she vow virginitie, so chast a Lady eannot be periured: and of
two thinges the one of these must be true, that eyther hir minde is
alreadye so weaned from loue, that she is hOt to be moued, or so
settled in loue, that she is not to be remoued.
I but it maye bee, that so younge and tender a heart hath hot
yet feltte the impression of Loue : I but it can-not bee, that so rare
perfection should wante that which they all wish, affection.
A Rose is sweeter in the budde, then full blowne. Young twigges
are sooner bent then olde trees. White Snowe sooner melted then
hard Yce : which proueth that the younger shee is, the sooner she
is to bee wooed, and the fayrer shee is, the likelier to be wonne.
Who wil not run with A¢lan¢a, though he be lame? Who whould
not wrastle with Cleoibatra , though he were sicke ? Who feareth to
loue Camilla, though he were blinde ?
Ah beautie, such i thy force, that lrulcan courteth Venus, she for
comlinesse a Goddesse, he for vglinesse a diuell, more fit to strike
with a hammer in his forge, then to holde a Lute in thy chamber.
Whether dost thou wade _Ph[laultts in launcing the wound thou
shouldest taint, and pricking the heart which asketh a plaister ". for
in deciphering what she is, thou hast forgotten what thou thy selfe
art, and being daseled with hir beautie, thou seest hOt thine own
basenesse. Thou art an Z¢alian poore 29hilau¢u«, as much misliked
for the vice of thy countrey, as she meruailed at for the vertue of
hirs, and with no lesse shame dost thou heare, then know with griefe,
how if any English-man be infected with any mysdemeanour, they
say with one mouth, hee is Italionated : so odious is that nation to
this, that the very man is no lesse hated for the naine, then the
countrey for the manners.
0 ltaly I must loue thee, bicause I was borne in thee, but if the
infection of the ayre be such, as whosoeuer breede in thee, is poysoned
by thee, then had I rather be a Bastard to the Turke Ol¢omo ! then
heire to the Emperour JVero.
Thou which here-tofore wast most famous for victories, art become
most infamous by thy vices, as much disdaied now for thy beastly-
nesse in peace, as once feared for thy battayles in warre, thy Coesar
being turned to a vicar, thy Consulles to Cardinalles, thy sacred
4 is not toi may hOt/ test 78 thy] hir E test 9 Vhither " rest
25-6 griefe, how A' : grief. How
E test 55-6 bealine M

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 89
Senate of three hundred graue Counsellors, to a shamelesse Sinod
of three thousand greedy caterpillers. Where there is no vice
punished, no vertue praysed, where noue is long loued if he do hot
iii, where noue shal be long loued if he do well. But I leaue to
naine thy sinnes, which no Syphers can number, and I would I were
as free from the infection of some of them, as I ara far from the
reckoning of ail of them, or would I were as much enuied for good,
as thou art pittied for fil.
thilaulus would thou haddest neuer liued in Tales or neuer left
it. What new skirmishes dost thou now feele betweene reason and
appetite, loue and wisdome, daunger and desire.
Shall I go and attyre my selfe in costly appareil, tushe a faire
pearle in a iIurrians eare cannot make him white? Shall I ruffle
in newe deuices, with Chaines, with Bracelettes, with Ringes and
Robes, tushe the precious Stones of [auselus Sepulchre cannot
make the dead carcasse sweete.
Shall I curle my hayre, coulour my face, counterfayte courtly-
nesse ? tushe there is no paynting can make a pycture sensible. No
no _Philaulus, eyther swallowe the iuyce of Arandrak, which maye
cast thee into a dead sleepe, or chewe the hearbe Cheruell, which
may cause thee to mistake euery thing, so shalt thou either dye in
thy slumber, or thinke Camilla deformed by thy potion.
No I can-not do so though I would, neither would I though
I could. But suppose thou thinke thy selfe in personage comely, in
birth noble, in wit excellent, in talke eloquent, of great reuenewes :
yet will this only be cast in thy teethe as an obloquie, thou art an
Italian.
I but all that be blacke digge hot for coales, all things that breede
in the mudde, are not Euets, ail that are borne in Italy, be hOt iii.
She v¢ill hOt think what most are, but enquire what I ara. Euerye
one that sucketh a Wolfe is not rauening, ther is no coftrey but
hath some as bad as ltaly, many that haue worse, none but hath
some. And canst thou thinke that an English Gentleman wil surfer
an artalian to be his Riuall ? No, no, thou must either put vp
a quarrell with shame, or trye the Combat with perill. An English
man hath three qualyties, he can surfer no partner in his loue, no
straunger to be his equal, nor to be dared by any. Then lhilautus
4 log om. t rest thy] the E test Cipher /rest x$ Morians
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90 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
be as wary of thy life, as careful for thy loue : thou must at Rom«,
reuerence Romulus, in tce(o)tia l-Iercules, in IEnglande those that
dwell there, els shalt thou hot lyue there.
Ah Loue what wrong doest thou me, which once beguildest me
with yt I had, & now beheaddest me for that I haue hOt. The loue
I bore to ucilla was cold water, the loue I owe Camilla hoate tire,
the firste was ended with defame, the last must beginne with death.
I sec now that as the resiluation of an Ague is desperate, and the
second opening of a veyne deadly, so the renuing of loue is, I know
hOt what to terme it, worse then death, and as bad, as what is worst.
I perceiue at the last the punishment of loue is to liue. Thou art
heere a straunger without acquaintance, no friend to speake for thee,
no one to tare for thee, Euphues will laugh at thee if he know it,
and thou wilt weepe if he know it hot. O infortunate 2hilautus,
born in the wane of the Moone, and as lykely to obtain thy wish,
as the Wolfe is to catch the Moone. But why goe I about to quench
tire with a sword, or with affection to mortifie my loue ?
O my Euphues, would I had thy wit, or thou my wil. Shal
I vtter this to thee, but thou art more likely to correct my follyes
with counsaile, then to comfort me with any pretie conceit. Thou
wilt say that she is a Lady of great credit, & I heete of no counte-
naunce. I but Euphues, low trees haue their tops, smal sparkes
their heat, the Flye his splene, ye Ant hir gall, 2hilautus his affection,
which is neither ruled by reason, nor led by appointment. Thou
broughtest me into Englande Euphues to sec & I ana blynde, to
seeke aduentures, and I haue lost my self, to remedy loue, & I ara
now past cure, much like Seriphuis yt ole drudge in 2Vaples, who
coueting to heale his bleard eye, put it out. My thoughts are high,
my fortune low, & I resemble that foolish Pilot, who hoyseth vp all
his sayles, & hath no winde, & launceth out his ship, & hath no
water. Ah Loue thou takest away my tast, & prouokest mine
appetite, yet if Euphues would be as willing to further nae now, as
he was once wily to hinder me, I shold think my self fortunate &
ail yt are hot amorous to be fooles. There is a stone in the floud
of 2Àracia, yt whosoeuer findeth it, is neuer after grieued, I would
I had yt stone in my mouth, or that my body were in yt Riuer, yt
either I might be wtout griefe, or without lyfe. And with these
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 9 I
wordes, Euhues knocked at the dore, which _Philau/«s opened
pretending drousinesse, and excusing his absence by Idlenesse, vnto
whom uhues sayd.
What t'hilautus doest thou shunne the Courte, to sleepe in
5 a corner, as one either cloyed with delight, or hauing surfetted
with desire, beleeue me t'hilautus if the winde be in that doore,
or thou so deuout to fall from beautie to thy beads, & to forsake
yo court to lyue in a Cloister, I cannot tel whether I should more
w6der at thy fortune, or prayse thy wisedorne, but I feare me, if
o I liue to sec thee so holy, I shall be an old rnan before I dye, or
ifthou dye not bëfore thou be so pure, thou shalt be more rneruayled
at for thy yeares, then esteemed for thy verrues. In sooth my good
friende, if I should tarry a yeare in 2ngland, I could not abide an
houre in rny chfiber, for I know hOt how it c6meth to passe, yt in
5 earth I thinke no other Paradise, such varietie of delights to allure
a courtly eye, such rare puritie to draw a well disposed minde, y«
I know not whether they be in nglande rnore arnorous or vertuous,
whether I shoulde thinke rny tirne best bestowed, in viewing goodly
Ladies, or hearing godly lessons. I had thought no woman to excel
,o Ziuia in y world, but now I sec yt in 2ngland they be al as good,
none worse, many better, insornuch yt I ara enforced to thinke, yt it
is as rare to sec a beautifull wornfi in nglâd wtout vertue, as to sec
a faire woman in _rtaly ve*out pride. Curteous they are ve*out
coynes, but not wtout a care, amiable wout pride, but hOt wout
aS courtlines: mery wtout curiositie, but not w'out measure, so y*
conferring ye Ladies of Greece, with ye ladies of _ltaly, I finde the
best but indifferêt, & c6paring both coOtries with y Ladies of
ngld, I acc6pt thê al stark naught. And truly t'hilaut«s thou
shalt not shriue me like a ghostly father, for to thee I will c6fesse
ao in two things °rny extreme folly, y one in louing Zucilla, who in
c6paris6 of these had no spark of beautie, yO other for making
a cooling card against wornê, whê I sec these to haue so rnuch
venue, so y* in the first I rnust acknowledge my iudgernent raw,
to discerne shadowes, and rash in the latter to giue so pererntory
aS sentence, in both I thinke rny selle, to haue erred so much, that
I recant both, beeing ready to take any penaunce thou shalt enioyne
me, whether it be a faggot for Heresie, or a fine for Hipocrisie.
An Hereticke I was by mine inuectiue against women, and no lesse
then an Hipocrite for dissernbling with thee, for nowe thilautus
4 but hot.. pride, orn. F. test a 5 wout ] with H-I6

9 z EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I am of that minde that women, but thilaulus taking holde of this
discourse, interrupted him with a sodaine reply, as fo.lloweth.

Taye Euphues, I can leuell at the thoughtes of thy heart by the
words of thy mouth, for that commonly the tongue vttereth
the minde, & the out ward speach bewrayeth ye inward spirit. For 5
as a good roote is knowen by a faire blossome, sois the substaunce
of the heart noted by ye shew of the countenaunce. I can see day
ata little hole, thou must halt cningly if thou beguile a Cripple,
but I cannot chuse but laugh to see thee play with the bayt, that
I feare thou hast swallowed, thinking with a Myst, to make my sight xo
blynde, bicause I shold not perceiue thy eyes bleared, but in faithe
Euhues, I am nowe as well acquainted with thy conditions as with
thy person, and vse bath made me so expert in thy dealyngs, that
well thou mayst iuggle with the world, but thou shalt neuer
deceiue me. 5
A burnt childe dreadeth the tire, he that stumbleth twice atone
stone is worthy to breake his shins, thou mayst happely forsweare
thy selle, but thou shalt neuer delude me. I know thee now as
readely by thy visard as thy visage: It is a blynde Goose that
knoweth not a Foxe from a Fearne-bush, and a foolish fellow that 2o
cannot discerne craft from conscience, being once cousened. But
why should I lainent thy follyes with griefe, when thou seemest
to colour them with deceite. Ah Euhues I loue thee well, but thou
hatest thy selle, and seekest to heape more harms on thy head by
a little wit, then thou shal euer claw of by thy great wisdom, al tire 2 5
is not quenched by water, thou hast not loue in a string, affection
is not thy slaue, yU canst not leaue when thou listest. With what
face Eu?hues canst thou returne to thy vomir, seeming with the
greedy hounde to lap vp that vhich thou diddest dast vp. I ara
ashamed to rehearse the tearmes that once thou diddest vtter of So
malice against women, and art thou not ashamed now again to
recant thoe? they must .needs think thee either enuious vpon smal
occasion, or amourous vpon a light cause, and then will they ail
be as ready to hate thee for thy spight, as to laugh at thee for thy
loosenesse, s5
No Eu,ue so deepe a wound cannot be healed ith so light

o Fearne-] farne E : ferne F" test cousened is the catchword in J[fol. 5
verso, which is followed in the text of A test ; ut «ll lrints as the .first vord of
¢hefollowitgfol. construed '5 of] og A test 33 amarous AB

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 93
a playster, thou maist by arte recouer the skin, but thou canst neuer
couer the skarre, thou maist flatter with fooles bicause thou art wise,
but the wise will euer marke thee for a foole. Then sure I cannot
see what thou gainest if the simple condemne thee of flatterie, and
the graue of folly. Is thy cooling Carde of this propertie, to quench
lyre in others, and to kindle flames in thee ? or is it a whetstone
to make thee sharpe and vs blunt, or a sw)rd to eut wounds in me
and cure them in Eu2#hues ? Why didst thou write that agaynst
them thou neuer thoughtest, or if thou diddest it, why doest thou
hot follow it ? But it is lawfull for the Phisition to surfer, for the
sheepeheard to wander, for 2u2#hues to prescribe what he will, and
do what he lyst.
The sick patient must keepe a straight diot, the silly sheepe
a narrow roide, poore 19hilautus must beleeue 2ïu2#hues and ail louers
(he onelye excepted) are cooled with a carde of teene, or rather
fooled with a vaine toy. Is this thy professed puritie to cryeeccaui?
thinking it as great sinne to be honest, as shame hot to be amorous,
thou that diddest blaspheme the noble sex of women with-out cause,
dost thou now commit Idolatrie with them with-out care ? obseruing
as little grauitie then in thine vnbrideled furie, as yu dost now reason
by thy disordinate fancie. I see now that there is nothing more
smooth then glasse, yet nothing more brittle, nothing more faire
thê SHOW, yet nothing les firm, nothing more fine then witte, yet
nothing more fickle. For as lolypus vpon what rock soeuer he
liketh, turneth himselfe into the saine iikenesse, or as the bird
_Piralis sitting vpon white cioth is white, vpon greene, greene, and
changeth hir coulour with euery cloth, or as out changeable silk,
turned to yo Sunne hath many coulours, and turned backe the
contrary, so wit shippeth it self to euery conceit being c3stant in
nothing but inc0stancie. Wher is now thy conference v,-ith Atheos,
thy deuotion, thy Diuinitie? Thou sayest that I am fallen from
beautie to my beades, and I see thou art corne from thy booke to
beastlines, from coting of yo scriptures, to courting with Ladies, from
taule to Ouid, from the Prophets to Poets, resembling ye want6
Z)iophanlus, who refused his mothers blessing, to heare a song, and
thou forsakest Gods blessing to sit in a warme Sunne. But thou
x playster] pastime E-2631 x, 2 the] thy E rest 21 shepherad/lI 25
terme A test 7 hot oto. 2E test 5 lyteth A test 6 a befort white t
E test 57 hir] his E test 59 shippeth] shapeth E-tf: sharpcth 1617-31 :
harpneth 2636 fio in before inconstaneie E rest thy] the AB 5z my
oto. 1t test 56 warne E

94 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
lulhues thinkest to haue thy prerogatiue (which others will not
graunt thee for a priuiledge) that vnder the couler of wit, thou maist
be accounted wise and, being obstinate, thou art to be thought
singuler. There is no coyne good siluer, but thy half-penny, if thy
glasse glister it must needs be gold, if yU speak a soetence it must S
be a law, if giue a censer an oracle, if dreame a Prophecie, if con-
lecture a truth: insomuch, yg I am brought into a doubt, whether
I should more lainent in thee, thy want of gouernement, or laugh
at thy fained grauity : But as that rude Poette Cerilus hadde nothing
to be noted in his verses, but onely the naine of Alexander, nor that io
rurall Poet Daretus any thing to couer his deformed ape, but a white
curtain, so EuS]tues hath no one thing to shadow his shamelesse
wickednes, but onely a shew of wit. I speake al this Eulkues , not
that I enuie thy estate, but that I pitty it, and in this I haue dis-
charged the duetye of a friend, in that I haue not wincked at thy 15
folly. Thou art in loue Eukues, contrarie to thine oth, thine honor,
thine honestie, neither would any professing that thou doest, liue
as thou doest, which is no lesse grief to me then shame to thee:
excuse thou maist make to me, bicause I am credulous, but amends
to the world thou canst not frame, bicause thou art corne out of 2o
Greece, to blase thy vice in England, a place too honest for thee,
and thou too dishonest for any place. And this my fiat & friendly
deling if thou wilt not take as I meane, take as thou wilt: I feare
not thy force, I force not thy friendship : And so I ende.
.Eulues not a little amased with the discurteous speach of25
.PMlautus, whome he sawe in such a burning feuer, did not applye
warme clothes to continue his sweate, but gaue him colde drink
to make him shake, eyther thinking so straunge a maladie was to
be cured with a desperate medicine, or determining to vse as little
arte in Phisicke, as the other did honestie in friendshippe, and ther- 3o
fore in steede of a pyll to purge his hotte bloud, he gaue him a choake-
peare to stoppe his breath, replying as followeth.
I had thought .Pilautus, that a wounde healing so faire could
neuer haue bred to a Fistula, or a bodye kept so well from drinke,
to a dropsie, but I well perceiue that thy fleshe is as ranke as the 3
wolues, who as soone as he is stricken recouereth a skinne, but
rankleth inwardly vntill it corne to the lyuer, and thy stomacke as
$ y=] thou A test 6 a I o'..-/rzg censar B : censure E test 8 thy] the
/' I617 rest gouerment JI 9 that] the " rest Cherillus " rest 17
that] as E rest 4 I force not] uor " rest 34 haue oto. A rest:
breed B rtst 35 perceiued E rtst rantke .31

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 95
quesie as olde Nestor$, vnto whome pappe was no better then poyson,
and thy body no lesse distempered then//ermoKene$, whom abstinence
from wine, ruade oftentimes dronkê. I see thy humor is loue, thy
quarrell idousie, the one I gather by thine addle head, the other
by thy suspicious nature : but I leaue them both to thy will and thee
to thine owne wickednesse: pretily to cloake thine own folly, thou
callest me theefe first, not vnlike vnto a curst wife, who deseruing
a check, beginneth first to scolde.
There is nothing that can cure the kings Euill, but a Prince,
nothing ease a plurisie but letting bloud, nothing purge thy humour,
but that which I cannot giue thee, nor thou gette of an}, other,
libertie.
Thou seemest to coulour craft by a friendly kindnes, taking great
care for my bondage, that I might hot distrust thy fo|lies, which is,
as though the Thrush in the cage should be sory for the Nightingale
which singeth on the tree, or the Bear at the stake lainent the mishap
of the Lion in the forest.
But in trueth 2hilau/$ though thy skin shewe thee a fox, thy
little skil tryeth thee a sheep. It is hOt the coulour that c5mendeth
a good painter, but the good cofitenance, nor the cutting that valueth
the Diamond, but the vertue, nor he glose of the ongue that tryeth
a frêd, but y faith. For as al coynes are hot good yt haue the
Image of Coe$ar nor al goIde that are coyned with the knges stampe,
so all is hot trueth that beaeth he show of godlines, nor all friends
that beare a faire face, if thou pretende such loue to/he«, carrye
thy heart on the backe of thy hand, and thy tongue in the palme,
that I may see what s in thy minde, and thou with thy fingers daspe
thy mouth. Of a straunger I canne beare much, bicause I know
hot his manners, of an enimy more, for that al proceedeth of malice,
ail things o a ffiend, if it be m trye me, nothing if it be to betray
me: I ara of SdiM minde, who had rather that ]-/ania! shouId
eate his hart with salt, then Zeliu grieue it with vnkindenesse : and
of the lyke vith Ioeli, who chose rather to bee slayne vith the
Sflaniards, then suspected of Sciio.
I can better take a blister of a Nettle, then a prick of a Rose :
more willing that a Rauen should pecke out mine eyes, then a Turtle
Hermogineus 2tI-G: Hermogeneus res/ 4 iealousie AB rest : eialously
2/ thine] thy .F rest the ] thy/]r 5 thy'] they M 6 to doake]
cloaking E rest o ease] else E-/a r pleurisie /-/ o ai the test
the rI a E rtst 2I the sI a res/ 23 are] is rest a6 the ] thy E rest
plaine/hr 33 wit h] by 161' res/

9 6 EUPHUES AND oHIS ENGLAND
pecke at them. To dye of the meate one lyketh not, is better
then to surfer of that he loueth : and I had rather an enemy shoulde
bury me quicke, then a friende belye me when I am dead.
But thy friendship .Philautus is lyke a new fashion, which being
vsed in the morning, is accompted olde before noone, which varietie
of chaunging, being often-times noted of a graue Gentleman in
2Vaples, who hauing bought a Hat of the newest fashion, & best
block in all ltaly, and wearing but one daye, it was tolde him y it
was stale, he hung it vp in his studie, & viewing al sorts, al shapes,
perceiued at ye last, his olde Hat againe to corne into the new
fashion, where-with smiling to himselfe he sayde, I haue now lyued
compasse, for Adams olde Apron, must make Fue a new Kirtle:
noting this, that when no new thing could be deuised, nothing could
be more new then ye olde. I speake this to this ende thilautus, yt
I see thee as often chaunge thy head as other do their Hats, now
beeing friend to Aiax, bicause he shoulde couer thee with his
buckler, now to l"O'sses, that he may pleade for thee with his
eloquence, now to one, and nowe to an other, and thou dealest with
thy friendes, as that Gentleman did with his felt, for seeing not my
vaine, aunswerable to thy vanities, thou goest about (but yet the
neerest way) to hang me vp for holydayes, as one neither fitting thy
head nor pleasing thy humor, but whê lhilautus thou shalt see that
chaunge of friendships shal make thee a fat Calfe, & a leane Cofer,
that there is no more hold in a new friend then a new fashion, yt
Hats alter as fast as the Turner can turne his block, & harts as
soone as one can turne his back, when seeing euery one return to
his olde wearing, & finde it ye best, then c6pelled rather for want of
others, then good wil of me, thou wilt retire to l?uphues, whom thou
laydst by y wals, & seeke him againe as a new friend, saying to thy
self, I haue lyued compasse, l?uphues olde faith must make thilautus
a new friend. Wherein thou resemblest those y at the first comming
of new Wine, leaue y# olde, yet finding that grape more pleasaunt
then wholesome, they begin to say as Calisthenes did to Alexander,
yt he had rather carous olde grains with 19iogenes in his dish, thê
new grapes wt 4lexander in his standing Cup, for of al Gods sayd
he, I loue not 4esculapius. But thou art willing to chaunge, els
wouldest thou be vnwilling to quarrel, thou keepest only c6pany out

in] of/5' rest 8 it befare but A rest
either /5' 2 9 againe om. A rest
AIAt? : Callisthines G : Callistenes

x 5 others A rest 9 not]now, E
55 Calisthenes F rest : Calistines
6 hot oto. E test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 97
of my sight, with Reynaldo thy country-man, which I suspecting,
c6cealed, & now prouing it do not care, if he haue better deserued
ye naine of a frièd then I, god knoweth, but as AcMlles shield being
lost on ye seas by Vlisses, was tost by ye sea to yO Tombe of Aiax,
as a manifest token of his right : so thou being forsaken of .Reynaldo,
wilt bec found in Att}ens by -ut}ues dote, as ye true owner. Which
I speak hOt as one loth to loose thee, but careful thou loose hOt thy
selfe. Thou thinkest an Apple maye please a childe, & euery odde
aunswere appease a friêd. No 2:'hilautus, a plaister is a small
amêds for a brokê head, & a bad excuse, will hOt purge an iii
accuser. A friend is long a getting, & soone lost, like a Merchants
riches, who by tempest looseth as much in two houres, as he hath
gathered together in twentie yeares. Nothing so fast knit as glasse,
yet once broken, it can neuer be ioyned, nothing fuller of mettal
then steele, yet ouer heated it wil neuer be hardned, friêdship is ye
best pearle, but by disdain thrown into vinegêr, it bursteth rather in
peeces, thê it wil bow to any softnes. It is a sait fish yt water canot
make fresh, sweet honny yt is hot ruade bitter wt gall, harde golde yt
is hot to bec mollified wt tire, & a miraculous friend yt is hot ruade
an enimy wt c6tempt. But giue me leaue to examine y cause of
thy discourse to ye quick, & omitting yO circfistance, I wil to y
substance. The onely thing thou layest to my charge is loue, & that
is a good ornament, ye reasons to proue it, is my praising of womê,
but yt is no good argument. Ara I in loue nhilautus ? wt whom it
shold be thou canst hot conjecture, & that it shold hot be wt thee,
thou giuest occasion. nriamus began to be iealous of Hecuba,
when he knew none did loue hir, but when he loued many, & thou
of me, whê thou art assured I loue none, but thou thy self euery
one. But whether I loue or no, I canot liue in quiet, vnlesse I be
fit for thy diet, wherin thou dost imitate zyron & nrocrustes, who
framing a bed of brasse to their own bignes, caused it to be placed
as a lodging for ail passengers, insomuch yt none could trauel yt way,
but he was enforced to take measure of their sheets : if he wer to
long for y bed, they cut off his legs for catching cold, it was no
place for a 16gis, if to short they racked him at lêgth, it was no pallet
4 seas] Sea /-/" test 7 loth] doth E test loose (is)] lose 16 3 test
9 as oto. A mst 6 brusteth 9 to bee oto. mst circumstances
E test 2 3 reasonE r¢«t 4 whome A' : home E 6 Hecuba]
Hercules E r¢st a 9 in oto. test 3 ° Frocrnstes 6 7 test: Po-
custes I-H x it m. E rest 5 lungis E: lung is H be efr¢
short E
BOND Ii I-I

9 8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
for a dwarfe: & certes ]Mlautus, they are no lesse to be disc6-
mêded for their crueltie, thê thou for thy folly. For in like m.ner
hast thou built a bed in thine owne brains, wherin euery one must
be of thy lêgth, if he loue yU cuttest him shorter, either wt some
od deuise, or graue cosel, swearing (rather thê thou woldst hOt be 5
beleued) yt Prologenes portraid Venus wt a sponge sprinkled wg
sweete water, but if once she wrong it, it would drop bloud: that
hir Iuorie Combe would at the first tickle the haires, but at the
last tume all the haires into Adders : so that nothing is more hate-
full then Loue. If he loue hOt, then stretchest out lyke a Wyre- o
drawer, making a wire as long as thy finger, longer then thine arme,
pullyng on with the pincers with the shoemaker a lyttle shoe on
a great foote, till thou crack thy credite, as he doth his stitches,
alleadging that Loue followeth a good wit, as the shadowe doth the
body, and as requisite for a Gentleman, as steele in a weapon. 5
A wit sayest thou with-out loue, is lyke an Egge with-out salte,
and a Courtier voyde of affection, like sait without sauour. Then
as one pleasing thy selfe in thine owne humour, or playing with
others for thine owne pleasure, thou rollest all thy wits to sifte Loue
from Lust, as the Baker doth the branne from his flower, bringing in 2o
Venus with a Torteyse vnder hir foote, as slowe to harmes: hir
Chariot drawen with white Swannes, as the cognisance of Vesla, hir
birds to be Pigeons, noting pietie : with as many inuentions to make
Venus currant, as the Ladies vse slights in Jrlaly to make themselues
counterfaite. Thus with the Aeg, ylOlian thou playest fast or loose, a
so that there is nothing more certeine, then that thou wilt loue, and
nothing more vncerteine then when, touming at one time thy tayle
to the winde, with the Hedge-hogge, & thy nose in the winde, with
the Weather-cocke, in one gale both hoysing sayle & casting Anker,
with one breath, making an Alarme and a Parly, discharging in the3o
saine instaunt, both a Bullet and a false tire. Thou hast rackte me,
and curtalde me, sometimes I was too long, sometimes to shorte,
now to bigge, then too lyttle, so that I must needes thinke thy bed
monstrous, or my body, eyther thy brains out of temper, or my wits
out of tune: insomuch as I c_an lyken thy head to A[ercuris pipe, 35
who with one stop caused Argus to stare and winke. If this fault
bee in thy nature, counsel canne do little good, if in thy disease,
3 braine/-/rest 5 grane] greene l/" rest 6 Protagenes old eds. l o
then *] thou GE rest zo his] the A rest zl hir *] the '-16: 3 24
leighte E rest 9 casting] weighing alleds. 3o allarum E rest 3 cur-
taild 167, 63o-36 34 brains] braine test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 99
phisicke can do lesse : for nature will haue hir course, so that per-
swasions are needelesse, and such a mallady in the Marrowe, will
neuer out of the bones, so that medicines are bootelesse.
Thou sayest that all this is for loue, and that I beeing thy friend,
thou art loth to wink at my folly : truly I say with Tully, with faire
wordes thou shalt yet perswade me: for experience teacheth me,
that straight trees haue crooked rootes, smooth baites sharpe hookes,
that the fayrer the stone is in the Toades head, the more pestilent
the poyson is in hir bowelles, that talk the more it is seasoned with
fine phrases, the lesse it sauoreth of true meaning. It is a mad
Hare yt wil be caught with a Taber, and a foolish bird that staieth
the laying sait on hir taile, and a blinde Goose that commeth to the
Foxes sermon, Eu2#hues is hOt entangled with 'hilautus charmes.
If ail were in iest, it was to broad weighing the place, if in earnest
to bad, considering the person, ifto try thy wit, it ,,vas folly to bee so
hot, if thy friendship, malliee to be so hastie: Hast thou hot read
since thy comming into England a pretie discourse of one t'hialo,
concerning the rebuking of a friende? Whose reasons although
they ,,ver but few, yet were they sufficient, and if thou desire more,
I coulde rehearse infinite. But thou art like the Eicure, whose
bellye is sooner filled then his eye : For he coueteth to haue twentie
dishes at his table, when hee can-not disgest one in his stomacke, and
thou desirest manye reasons to bee brought, when one might serue
thy turne, thinking it no Rayne-bowe that hath hOt al coulours,
5 nor auncient armoury, that are hot quartered with sundry cotes, nor
perfect rules yt haue hot thousand reasons, and of al the reasons
would thou wouldest follow but one, hOt to checke thy friende in
a brauerie, knowing that rebuckes ought hOt to weigh a graine more
of sait then suger : but to be so tempered, as like pepper they might
o be hoat in the mouth, but like treacle wholsom at the heart : so shal
they at ye first make one blushe if he were pale, and well considered
better, if he were hot past grace.
If a friende off-end he is to be whipped with a good Nurses rodde,
who when hir childe will hot be still, giueth it together both the
5 twigge and the teate, and bringeth it a sleepe when it is waywarde,
aswell with rocking it as rating it.
The admonition of a true friend should be like the practise of

9 thet] ber GE test 6 hot oto. E test 7
beforefew E test they*] thy E thou] you E test
are] is E rest coates A rest 26 a before

oo EUPHUE AND HI ENGLAND
a wise Phisition, who wrappeth his sharpe pils in fine sugar, or the
cning Chirurgian, who launcing ye wound wt an yrt3, immediatly
applyeth to it soft lint, or as mothers deale with their childrê for
worms, who put their bitter seedes into sweete reasons, if this order
had beene obserued in thy discourse, that enterlasing sowre tauntes
with sugred counsell, bearing aswell a gentle raine, as vsing a hard
snaffle, thou mightest haue done more with the whiske of a wand,
then now thou canst with the prick of the spur, and auoyded that
which now thou maist hOt, extream vnkindnesse. But thou art like
that kinde Iudge, which tgroertius noteth, who condempning his
friend, caused him for the more ease to be hanged with a silken
twist. And thou like a friend cuttest my throat with a Rasor, hOt
with a hatchet for my more honor. But why should I set downe
the office of a friend, when thou like our tthenians, knowest what
thou shouldest doe, but like them, neuer dost it. Thou saiest I eat
mine own words in praysing women, no tghilautus I was neuer eyther
so wicked, or so witlesse, to recant truethes, or mistake coulours.
But this I say, that the Ladyes in England as farre excell all other
countryes in vertue, as Venus doth ail other woemen in beautie.
I flatter not those of whome I hope to reape benefit, neyther yet so
prayse them, but that I think them women : ther is no sword ruade
of steele but hath yron, no tire ruade of wood but hath smoake,
no wine ruade of grapes but hath leese, no woeman created
of flesh but hath faultes: And if I loue them 29hilautus, they
deserue it.
But it grieueth not thee 19hilaulus that they be fayre, but that
they are chaste, neyther dost thou like mee the worse for com-
mending theyr beautie, but thinkest they will not loue thee well,
bicause so vertuous, where-in thou followest those, who better
esteeme the sight of the Rose, then the sauour, preferring fayre
weedes before good hearbes, chusing rather to weare a painted
flower in their bosomes, then to haue a wholsome roote in their
broathes, which resembleth the fashion of your Maydens in ltaO' ,
who buy that for the best cloth yt wil weare whitest, not that wil
last longest. There is no more praise to be giuen to a faire face
then to a false glasse, for as the one flattereth vs with a vaine
shaddow to make vs proud in our own conceits, so yo other
x fine oto. E test 4 Raysons ': Raisins Frest 5 entedasing .4/¢ :
enterlaehing 21: interlasing GE rtst 8 the ] a BE rest 14 Athenian
E rt$l I doest E rtst 19 other om. E rtst ao soi to E rtst 3
lees E rest 33 out E rtst in] in in .4 37 so on. A rem

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND IOI
feedeth vs **ith an idle hope to make vs peeuish in out owne con-
templations.
Chirurgians affyrme, that a white vaine beeing striken, if at the
fyrst there springe out bloud, it argueth a good constitution of bodye:
and I thinke if a fayre woeman hauing heard the suite of a Louer,
if sbe blush at yo first brunt, and shew hir b]oud in hir face, sheweth
a we]! dysposed minde : so as vertuous woemenne I confesse are for
to bee chosen by the face, hot when they blushe for the shame of
some sinne committed, but for feare she should comitte any, al
1o women shal be as Ceesar wou]d haue his wife, hot one]ye free from
sinne, but from suspition: If such be in the Englysh courte, if
I should hot prayse tbem, thou wou]dest saye I tare hOt for tbeir
verrue, and now I giue them their commendation, thou swearest
I loue them for their beautie : So that it is no lesse labour to please
thy mind, then a sick rnàs moutb, who tan realish nothing by tbe
taste, hOt that the fau]t is in the meat, but in his malady, nor thou
like of any thing in thy hed, hOt that ther is any disorder in my
sayings, but in thy sences. Tbou dost last of all objecte yt ss-hich
silence might well resolue, that I ara fallen from Prophets to Poets,
2o and returned againe with the dog to my rotait, which GOD knoweth
is as farre from trueth as I knowe thou art from wisdome.
What haue I done tghilautus, since my going from 2Vaples to
Athens, speake no more then the tru.eth, vtter no lesse, flatter me
hot to make me better then I ara, be-lye me hOt to make me worse,
25 forge nothing of malice, conceale nothing for loue: did I euer vse
any vnseemelye talke to corrupt youth ? tell me where : did I euer
deceiue those that put me in trust ? tell mec whome: haue I com-
mitted any fact worthy eyther of death or defame ? thou canst hOt
recken what. Haue I abused my sêlfe towardes my superiors,
equalles, or inferiors ? I thinke thou canst hOt deuise when: But
as there is no wooll so white but the Diar can make blacke, no
Apple so sweete but a cunning grafter can chaunge into a Crabbe :
so is there no man so voyde of cryme that a spightful tongue cannot
make him to be thought a caitife, yet commonly it falleth out so
well that the cloth weareth the better being dyed, and the Apple
eateth pleasaunter beeing grafted, and the innocentte is more
esteemed, and thriueth sooner being enuied for vertue, and belyed
* owne oto. E r¢st 4 constituion AI 7 for oto. rest xo shal] should
E test 12 should] Sould A thou wouldest] then wouldest A : thè wouldst
thou B rest $t it befare black E test 32 it befare into E rest 36 the
innocent AB: the innocence E2: the innocencie 1-/test 37 mdz] than E test

io2 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
for malice. For as he that stroke Iason on the stomacke, thinking
to kill him, brake his impostume with yO blow, wherby he cured
him: so oftentimes it fareth with those that deale malitiously, who
in steed of a sword apply a salue, and thinking to be ones Priest,
they become his Phisition. But as the Traytour that clyppeth the
coyne of his Prince, maketh it lyghter to be wayed, not worse to
be touched: so he that by sinister reports, seemeth to pare the
credite of his friend, may make him lighter am6g the common sort,
who by weight often-times are deceiued with counterfaites, but
nothing empayreth his good name with the wise, who trye all gold
by the touch-stone.
A Straunger comming into the CalOitol of Rome seeing ail the
Gods to be engrauen, some in one stone, some in a other, at the
last he perceiued Vulcan, to bee wrought in Iuory, Venus to be
carued in Ieate, which long time beholding with great delyght, at
the last he burst out in these words, neither can this white Iuory
Vulcan, make thee a white Smith, neither this faire woman Ieat,
make thee a faire stone. Where-by he noted that no cunning could
alter the nature of the one, nor no Nature transforme the colour
of the other. In lyke manner say I l'tdlautus, although thou haue
shadowed my guiltlesse life, with a defamed cooterfait, yet shall not
thy black Vulcan make either thy accusations of force, or my inno-
cencie faultie, neither shal the white Venus which thou hast portrayed
vpon the blacke Ieat of thy malyce, make thy conditions amiable,
for Vulcan cannot make Iuory blacke, nor Venus chaunge the coulour
of Ieat, the one hauing receiued such course by Nature, the other
such force by Uertue.
What cause haue I giuen thee to suspect me, and what occasion
hast thou not offered me to detest thee ? I was neuer wise inough
to giue thee counsaile, yet euer willing to wish thee well, my wealth
small to do thee good, yet ready to doe my best : Insomuch as thou
couldest neuer accuse me of any discurtesie, vnlesse it were in being
more carefull of thee, then of my selfe. But as all floures that are
in one Nosegay, are not of one nature, nor all Rings that are wome
vppon one bande, are not of one fashion : so all friendes that asso-
ciate at bedde and at boord, are not one of disposition. Scilio must
haue a noble minde, ZteIius an humble spirite : 2"itus must lust after
Senronia, GisipiOus must leaue hir: Z)amon must goe take ortier
7 pare] paire E rest 16 burst into E rest 20 I say E rest 36
at * om. E resl

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND xo 3
for his lands, tithias must tarry behinde, as a Pledge for his lire:
thilaulus must doe what he will, Eu2Ohues hot what he should. But
it may be that as the sight of diuers colours, make diuers beasts
madde : so my presence doth drive thee into thfs melancholy. And
seeing it is so, I will absent my selfe, hier an other lodging in
Zondan, and for a time giue my selfe to my booke, for I haue learned
this by experience, though I be young, that Bauins are knowen by
their b.ands, Lyons by their clawes, Cockes by their combes, enuious
mindes by their manners. Hate thee I will hot, and trust thee
I may not : Thou knowest what a friende shoulde be, but thou wilt
neuer liue to trye what a friend is. Fare-well Philautu, I wil hot
stay to heare thee replye, but leaue thee to thy lyst, 2Euhues carieth
this Posie written in his hande, and engrauen in his heart. A faith-
full friend, is a wilfull foole. And so I taking leaue, till I heare thee
better minded, 2EnKland shall be my abode for a season, depart when
thou wilt, and againe fare-well.
EuOhues in a great rage departed, not suffering tghilaulus to
aunswere one word, who stood in a maze, after the speache of
Euphues, but taking courage by loue, went immediatelye to the
place where Camilla was dauncing, and ther wil I leaue him, in
a thousand thoughts, hammering in his head, and lïuphues seeking
a new chamber, which by good friêds he quickly got, and there
fell to his tgater noster, wher a while I will not trouble him in his
prayers.

25 ]Nkl Ow you shall vnderstand that tghilautus furthered as well by the
opportunitie of the rime, as the requests of certeine Gentlemen
his friends, was entreated to make one in a Masque, which tghilautus
perceiuing to be at the Gentlemans house where Camilla laye,
assented as willyngly to goe, as he desired to speede, and ail things
.o beeing in a readinesse, they went with speede: where beeing wel-
commed, they daOced, tghilautus taking Camilla by the hande, and
as time serued, began to boord hir in this manner.

I T hath ben a custome faire Lady, how commendable I wil hOt
dispute, how common you know, that Masquers do therfore
35 couer their faces that they may open their affecti6s, & vnder yO
colour of a dace, discouer their whole desires : the benefit of which

4 presence] pretence E 8 their aI the E resl x2 lust ' test x 3 this]
bas £ resl Poeste .F-16.31 u9 wiIling/ï test 32 in] on Ai rest

o4 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
priueledge, I wil hOt vse except you graunt it, neither can you
refuse, except you break it. I meane only with questions to trye
your wit, which shall neither touch your honour to aunswere, nor my
honestie to aske.
Camilla tooke him vp short, as one hOt to seeke how to reply, in 5
this manner.

Entleman, if you be lesse, you are too bolde, if so, too broade,
in clayming a custome, where there is no prescription. I
knowe not your name, bicause you feare to vtter it, neither doe
I desire it, and you seeme to be ashamed of your face, els vould
you hOt hide it, neither doe I long to see it : but as for an), custome,
I was neuer so superstitious, that either I thought it treason to breake
them, or reason to keepe them.
As for the prouing of my witte, I had rather you should accompt
me a foole by silence, then wise by aunswering ? For such questions
in these assemblyes, moue suspition where there is no cause, and
therefore are not to be resolued least there be cause.
.Philautus, who euer as yet but played with the bait, was now
stroke with the hooke, and no lesse delyghted to heare hir speake,
then desirous to obtaine his suite, trayned hir by the bloud in this
sort.

F the patience of men were not greater then the peruersenesse
of women, I should then fall from a question to a quarrell,
for that I perceiue you draw the counterfaite of that I would say,
by the conceit of that you thinke others haue sayd : but whatsoeuer aS
the colour be, the picture is as it pleaseth the Paynter: and what-
soeuer were pretended, the minde is as the hart doth intend. A
cunning Archer is hOt knowen by his arrow but by his ayme : neither
a friendly affection by the tongue, but by the faith. Which if it be
so, me thinketh common courtesie should allow that, which you 30
seeke to cut off by courtly coynesse, as one either too young to
vnderstand, or obstinate to ouerthwart, your yeares shall excuse the
one, and my humour pardon the other.
And yet Lady I am hOt of that faint minde, that though I winke
with a flash of lyghtening, I date hOt open mine eyes againe, or 3S

I I neither doe I desire it : reeatedfrom above belote neither E rest any] a
E rest a2 not] no £ rest 3I seeke] thinke E rest 33 my humour]
your honour E test the on,. M $5 with] at E rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND o 5
hauing once suffered a repulse, I should hot date to make fresh
assauit, he that striketh sayle in a storme, hoyseth them higher in
a calm, which maketh me the bolder to vtter that, which you disdaine
to heare, but as the Doue seemeth angry, as though she had a gall,
yet yeeldeth at the last to delight : so Ladyes pretende a great skyr-
mishe at the first, yet are boorded willinglye at the last.
I meane therefore to tell you this which is all, that I loue you:
And so wringing hir by the hand, he ended: she beginning as
followeth.

m (-'TEntleman (I follow my first tearme) which sheweth rather my
"-" modestie then your desart, seeing you resemble those which
hauing once vet their feete, care hOt how deepe they wade, or those
that breaking the yce, weigh not how farre they slippe, thinking
it lawfull, if one surfer you to treade awry, no shame to goe s}ipshad :
13 if I should say nothing then would you vaunt that I ara wonne:
for that they that are silent seeme to consent, if any thing, then would
you boast that I would be woed, for tbat castles that come to parlue,
and woemen that delight in courting, are willing to yeelde: So that
I must eyther heare those thinges which I would hot, & seeme to
ao be taught by none, or to holde you talke, which I should hot, and
runne into the suspition of others. But certainlye if you knewe how
rnuch ]cour talke displeaseth me, and how litle it should profit you,
you would think the time as vainely lost in beginning your talke, as
I accompt ouer long, vntill you ende it.
25 If you build vpon custome that Maskers haue iibertie to speake
what they should hot, you shall know that woemen haue reason
to make them heare what they would hot, and though you can vtter
by your visarde what-soeuer it be with-out blushing, yet cannot
I hear it with-out shame. But I neuer looked for a better tale
.o of so ill a face, you say a bad coulour maye make a good counten-
aunce, but he that conferreth your disordered discourse, wt your
deformed attyre, may rightly saye, that he neuer sawe so crabbed
a visage, nor hearde so crooked a vaine. An archer saye you is
to be knowne by his ayme, hot by his arrowe: but your ayme is so
.. ill, that if you knewe how farre wide from the white your shaft
sticketh, you would here-after rather break your bow, then bend

'3 farre] faroe E '4 treade] goe E test
or E test ye efore casfles G parle GE test
35 white] marke A rest

slipshood A rest 7 for]
3' wt] hot 3I-G: with res,"

,06 EUPHUE$ AND HI$ ENGLAND
it. If I be too young to vnderstand your destinies, it is a signe
I can-not like, if too obstinate, it is a token I will not: therefore
for you to bee displeased, it eyther needeth hOt, or booteth not.
Yet goe you farther, thinking to make a great vertue of your little
valure, seeing that lightning may «ese you wincke, but it shall not
stricke you blinde, that a storme may make you strycke sayle, but
neuer cut the mast, that a hotte skyrmishe may cause you to retyre,
but neuer to runne away: what your cunning is, I knowe not, and
likely it is your courage is great, yet haue I heard, that he that hath
escaped burning with lightning, hath beene spoyled with thunder,
and one that often hath wished drowning, hath beene hanged once
for al, and he that shrinketh from a bullette in the maine battaile,
hath beene striken with a bil in the rerewarde. You rail from one
thing to an other, vsing no decorum, except this, that you study
to haue your discourse as farre voyde of sence, as your face is of
fauor, to the ende, that your disfigured countenaunce might supplye
the disorder of your ill couched sentences, amonge the which you
bring in a Doue with-out a gall, as farre from the marrer you speake
off, as you are from the mastrye you would haue, who although she
can-not be angry with you in that she hath no gall, yet can she laugh
at you for that she hath a spleene.
I will ende where you beganne, hoping you wili beginne where
I end, you let rail your question which I looked for, and pickt
a quarrell which I thought hOt of, and that is loue : but let hir that
is disposed to aunswere your quarrell, be curious to demaund your
question.
And this Gentle-manne I desire you, all questions and other
quarrelles set aparte, you thinke me as a friende, so farre forth as
I can graunt with modestie, or you require with good manners, and
as a friende I wishe you, that you blowe no more this tire of loue,
which will waste you before it warme mee, and make a coide in you,
belote it can kindle in me : If you think otherwise I may aswell vse
a shift to driue you off, as you did a shewe to drawe me on. I haue
aunswered your custome, least you should argue me of coynes,
no otherwise then I might mine honour saued, and your name
vnknowen.
By this time entered an other Masque, but almost after the same
2 like] looke GE rest $ saying E rest I5 to om. B 6 disfugured
./I-A 2I for that] because E rest 2 7 this] thus ,4 rest 3z mee] you E
rest colde] codle A : coale BGEF: cole H oeest 3 2 e.an om. aS rest may]
tan B rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND xo 7
manner, and onely for Camillas loue, which thilau/us quickly espyed,
and seeing his Cmilla to be courted with so gallant a youth,
departed : yet with-in a corner, to the ende he might decipher the
Gentle-man v¢hom he found tobe one of the brauest youthes in ail
$ EnKland, called Surius, then wounded with griefe, hee sounded with
weaknesse, and going to his chamber beganne a freshe to recount his
miseries in this sorte.
Ah myserable and accursed _Philau/us, the verye monster of
Nature and spectacle of shame, if thou liue thou shalt be despysed,
fo if thou dye hOt myssed, if woe poynted at, if win lothed, if loose
laughed at, bred either to liue in loue and be forsa.ken, or die v¢ith
loue and be forgotten.
Ah Cami//a would eyther I had bene born without eyes hOt to
see thy beautie, or with-out eares hOt to heare thy wit, the one bath
s enflamed me with the desire of Venus, the other with the giftes of
'allas, both with the tire of loue: Loue, yea loue _PMlautus, then
the which nothing canne happen vnto man more miserable.
I perceiue now that the Chariotte of the Sunne is for 2ccbus, hot
for 2hae/on, that BucelOAa/us will stoupe to none but 2q/exander, that
2o none can sounde 3Iercurius pipe but Or2heus , that none shall win
Camillas liking but Surius, a Gentlemanne, I confesse of greater
byrth then I, and yet I date say hot of better faith. It is he
thilautus that will fleete ail the fat from thy bread, in-somuch as she
svill disdaine to looke vpon thee, if she but once thinke vppon him.
aS It is he 2hilau/us that hath wit to trye hir, svealth to allure hir,
personage to entice hir, and all thinges that eyther Nature or Fortune
can giue to winne hir.
For as the 2z/triKian Harmonie being moued to the Calenes maketh
a great noyse, but being moued to 2q2ollo it is still and quiet : so the
30 loue of Camilla desired of mee, mooueth I knowe hot how manye
discordes, but proued of SuHus, it is calme, and consenteth.
It is hOt the sweete flower that Ladyes desyre, but the fayre,
whiche maketh them weare that in theyr heades, wrought forth with
the needle, hot brought forth by Nature : And in the lyke manner
35 they accompte of that loue, whiche arte canne coulour, hOt that the
heart dooth confesse, where-in they imitate the Maydens (as Eu2hues
often hath told mee) of 2qthens, who tooke more delight to see
S sotmded] swounded E: swouned FAr: swound x6I 7 rest 7 on Erest
xo wooe AI3GF rest I 5 the cI a E rest 22 better] greater GI" rest
3 thy] the G cf. note) beard all precedin K eds. she] hee H rest 8 to
the Calenes so all 36 dootk] eau 1t test 37 take E rest

o8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
a freshe and fine coulour, then to tast a sweete and wholsome
sirrop.
I but howe knowest thou that Surius fayth is not as great as thine,
when thou art assured thy vertue is no lesse then his ? He is wise,
and that thou seest : valyaunt, and that thou fearest : rich, and that 5
thou lackest : fit to please hir, and displace thee : and without spite
be it sayd, worthye to doe the one, and willing to attempt the other.
Ah Çamilla, Çamilla, I know not whether I should more commend
thy beautie or thy wit, neither can I tell whether thy lookes haue
wounded me more or thy words, for they both haue wrought such an io
alteration in my spirites, that seeing thee silent, thy comelynesse
maketh me in a maze, and hearing thee speaking, thy wisedome
maketh me starke madde.
I but things aboue thy height, are to be looked at, not reached at.
I but if now I should ende, I had ben better neuer to haue begon, t5
I but rime must weare a, vay loue, I but rime may winne it. Hard
stones are pearced with soft droppes, great Oakes hewen downe
with many blowes, the stoniest heart mollyfied by c6tinuall perswa-
sions, or true perseueraunce.
If deserts can nothing preuaile, I will practise deceipts, and what 20
faith cannot doe, coniuring shall. What saist thou thilau/us, canst
thou imagine so great mischiefe against hir thou louest ? Knowest
thou hot, that Fish caught w t medicines, & women gotten with
witchcraft are neuer wholesom ? No, no, the Foxes wiles shal neuer
enter into ye Lyons head, nor 21[edeas charmes into Jghilautus heart. 25
I, but I haue hard that extremities are to be vsed, where the meane
will hOt serue, & that as in loue ther is no measure of griefe, so
there should be no ende of guile, of two mischiefes the least is to be
chosen, and therefore I thinke it better to poyson hir with the sweet
bait of loue, then to spoile my selfe with the bitter sting of death. 3o
If she be obstinate, why should not I be desperate? if she be
voyd of pitie, why shoulde I hOt be voyde of pietie ? In the ruling
of Empires there is required as great policie as prowes : in gouerning
an Estate, close crueltie doth more good then open clemencie, for
ye obteining of a kingdome, as well mischiefe as mercy, is to be 35
practised. And then in the winnitag of my Loue, the very Image
of beautie, courtesie and wit, shall I leaue any thing vnsought,
vnattempted, vndone ? He that desireth riches, must stretche the
o both om. E test 15 I should now /test begun GE test 24 will E
rtst 3 hot I E rest 33 prowesse : .4 rest, 3lhas no stop 36 practisee 21I

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND o 9
string that will not reach, and practise ail kindes of getting. He
that coueteth honour, and can-not clymbe by the ladder, must vse
al colours of lustinesse: He that thirsteth for Wine, must hOt care
how he get it, but wher he maye get it, nor he that is in loue, be
5 curious, what meanes he ought to vse but redy to attempt an), : For
slender affection do I think that, which either the feare of Law, or
care of Religion may diminish.
Fye Z'hilautus, thine owne wordes condempne thee of wickednesse :
rush the passions I sustaine, are neither to be quieted with coun-
o saile, nor eased by reason : therefore I ara fully resolued, either by
Arte to winne hir loue, or by despayre to loose mine owne lyfe.
I haue hearde heere in Iwndon of an Italian, cunning in Mathe-
maticke named ]sellus, of whome in Italy I haue hearde in suche
cases canne doe much by Magicke, and will doe ail thinges for
,5 money, him will I assaye, as well with golde as other good toumes.,
and I thinke there is nothing that can be wrought, but shal be
wrought for gylt, or good wil, or both.
And in this rage, as one forgetting where hee was, and whome hee
loued, hee went immediately to seeke Phisicke for that, which onely
,o was to bee found by Fortune.
H Eere Gentlemen you maye see, into what open sinnes the heate
of Loue driueth man, especially where one louing is in dis-
payre, either of his owne imperfection or his Ladyes verrues, to bee
beloued againe, which causeth man to attempt those thinges, that are
25 contrarie to his owne mind, to Religion, to honestie.
What greater villany can there be deuised, then to enquire of
Sorcerers, South-sayers, Coniurers, or learned Clearkes for the
enioying of loue ? But I will hot refell that heere, which shall bee
confuted heere-after.
o t'hilautus hath soone founde this Gentleman, who conducting
him into his studie, and demaunding of him the cause of his
comming, tMlautus beginneth in this manner, as one past shame to
vnfold his sute.

M Aster t'sellus (and Countrey-man,) I neyther doubt of your
cunning to satisfie my request, nor of your wisedome to
coneeale it, for were either of them wanting in you, it might tourne
mee to trouble, and your selfe to shame.
I haue hearde of your learning to be great in Magicke, and
3 of before his* BE rest 31 into] to E rest

xo EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
somewhat in Phisicke, )'out experience in both fo be exquisit, which
caused me to seeke fo ),ou for a remedie of a certeine griefe, which
by ),out meanes maye be eased, or e]s no wayes cured.
And fo the ende such cures ma), be wrought, God hath stirred vp
in all rimes C]earkes of greate verrue, and in these out dayes men
of no small credite, among the which, I haue hearde no one, more
commended then )'ou, which althoughe happelye ),out modestye wil]
denye, (for that the greatest C]earkes doe common]ye dissemble
their know]edge) or ),out precisenesse not graunt if, for that cunning
men are often daungerous, ),et the wodde doth well know if, diuers
haue tryed if, and I must needes beleeue it.
Psellus not suffering him to raunge, yet desirous fo know his
arrant, aunswered him thus.

Entleman and countryman as you say, and I beleeue, but of
that heereafter: if you haue so great confidence in my cun-
ning as you protest, it may bee your strong imagination shall worke
y' in you, which my Art cannot, for it is a principle among vs, yt
a vehement thought is more auayleable, then yo vertue of our figures,
formes, or charecters. As for keeping your coOsayle, in things
honest, it is no matter, & in causes vnlawful, I will hOt meddle.
And yet if it threaten no man harme, and maye doe you good, you
shall finde my secrecie to be great, though my science be smal, and
therefore say on.

Here is not farre hence a Gentlewoman whom I haue long time
loued, of honest parents, great vertue, and singular beautie,
such a one, as neither by Art I can describe, nor by seruice deserue :
And yet bicause I haue heard many say, tbat wher cunning must
worke, the whole body must be coloured, this is hir shape.
She is a Uirgin of the age of eighteene yeares, of stature neither
too high nor too low, and such was Iuno: hir haire blacke, yet 3o
comely, and such had Zzeda: hir eyes hasill, yet bright, and such
were the lyghtes of Venus.
And although my skill in Phisognomie be small, yet in my iudge-
ment she was borne vnder Venus, hir forhead, nose, lyppes, and
chinne, fore-shewing (as by such rules we gesse) both a desire to lyue, 3
3 waie E rest Io more 6efore daungerous .4 rest I3 arrant $o ail o
PhisiognomyCaSes A test ret 29 stature] statute 30 nor] or test 3

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
and a good successe in loue. In complection of pure sanguine, in
condition a right Sainte, seldonae giuen to play, often to prayer, the
first letter of whose nanae (for that also is necessary) is Carailla.
His Lady I haue serued long, and often sued vnto, in-sonauch
that I haue melted like wax against the tire, and yet liued
in the flanae with the flye t'ymusta. 0 _Psellus the tornaentes sus-
tained by hir presence, the griefes endured by hir absence, the
pyning thoughtes in the daye, the pinching dreames in the night,
the dying life, the liuing death, the ielousie at ail tinaes, and the
dispaire at this instant, can neyther be vttered of nae with-out fludes
of teares, nor heard of thee with-out griefe.
No lsellus hot the tortures of hell are eyther to be compared, or
spoken of in the respect of nay tornaentes: for what they ail had
seuerally, ail that and naore do I feele ioyntly: In-sonauch that with
Sysihus I toile the stone euen to the toppe of the Hill, when it
tunableth both it selfe and nae into the bottonae of heil : yet neuer
ceasing I attenapt to renewe my labour, which was begunne in death,
and can-not ende in life.
What dryer thirst could 2r'antalus endure then I, who haue alrnost
euerye houre the drinke I date hot taste, and the meate I can-not
In-sonauch that I ana tome vpon the wheele with lxion, nay lyuer
gnawne of the Vultures and Harpies : yea nay soule troubled euen
with the vnspeakeable paines of 2]Iegoera, Tisiihone , Alecto: whiche
secrete sorrowes although it were naore naeete to enclose thena in
a Laborinth, then to sette thena on a Hill: Yet where the minde
is past hope, the face is past shame.
It fareth with nae t'sellus as with the Austrich, ho pricketh none
but hir selfe, which.causeth hir to runne when she wouid test: or as
it doth with the _Pelicane, who stricketh bloud out of hir owne bodye
to do others good : or with the Wood Culuer, who plucketh of hir
fethers in winter to keepe others frona colde : or as with the Storke,
who when she is least able, carrieth the greatest burthen. So
I practise ail thinges that rnay hurt naee to do hir good that neuer
regardeth nay paynes, so farre is shee from rewarding thena.
For as it is inapossible for the best Adamant to drawe yror vnto it
if the 29iamond be neere it, so is it hOt to bee looked for, that I with
i of]aErest 4haueI2ïr¢st o fluddsA: flouds/G: floods2rest
13 my] thy x? attempe 21[ a 3 Megera B: Megara rest
Tisiphon E 27 Ostrich A/3 : Ostidge GE rta 30 hir'] his G 4 she
is E resl

x, EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
ail my seruice, suite, desartes, and what e]s so-euer that ma)' draw
a woemanne, should winne Çamilla, as longe as Sur[us, a precious
stone in hir eyes, and an eye sore in mine, bee present, who ]oueth
hir I knowe too wel, and shee him I feare me, better, which loue wil
breed betweene vs such a deadly hatred, that beeing dead, out bloud
cannot bee mingled together ]ike Florus and /«giths, and beeing
burnt, the flames shall parte ]ike 2°olin[««s and .E,'««I«s, such a morta]]
enmitie is kind]ed, that nothing tan quench it but death: and ),et
death sha]] hOt ende if.
Vhat counse]] canne you giue me in this case? what comfort?
what hope ?
When /«ontiu cou]de not perswade Cyd« to loue, he practised
fraude. Vhen 2arqu[n[us coulde not winne Zuottia by prayer, hee
vsed force.
XVhen the Gods coulde not obtaine their desires by suite, they
turned them-selues into newe shapes, leauing nothing vndonne, for
feare, they should bee vndonne.
The desease of loue sellus, is impatient, the desire extreame,
whose assaultes neyther the wise can resist by pollicie, nor the
valiaunt by strength.
Iu[ius Çoesar a noble Conquerour in warre, a graue Counsaylour
in peace, after he had subdued Fraune, Germanie, 2ritaine, Slaine,
Italy, l'hesalay, Aegit, yea entered with no lesse puissaunce then
good fortune into Armenia, into tontus, into Africa, yeelded in his
chiefest victories to loue tsellus, as a thing fit for Cesar, who
conquered all thinges sauing him-selfe, and a deeper wound did
the small Arrowe of Cuflid make, then all the speares of his
enimies.
Iannibal not lesse valiaunt in armes, nor more fortunate in loue,
hauing spoyled 2eicinum, Trebia, Trasmena and Cannas, submitted
him-selfe in Aflulia to y loue of a woman, whose hate was a terrour
to all men, and became so bewitched, that neyther the feare of
death, nor the desire of glorye coulde remoue him from the lappe
of his louer.
I omitte Itercules, who was constrained to vse a distaffe for the
desire of his loue. Zeander, who ventured to crosse the Seaes for
Itero. Iphis that hanged him-selfe, 'yramus that killed him-selfe
shold] would E rest 3 eye-sore F test 8 yet oto. E test 9
it oto. 21! a 3 Thessalia A test 7 ail oto. E test a9 hot] no E ret
3o Trasmena so ail Gaaaa

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 3
and infinite more, which coulde hot resist the hot skyrmishes of
affection.
And so farce hath this humour crept into the minde, that
loued hir Brother, Aryrra hir Father, Canace hir nephew: In-somuch
» as ther is no reason to be giuen for so straung a griefe, nor no
remedie so vnlawefull, but is to bee sought for so monstrous
a desease. My desease is straung, I my selfe a straunger, and my
suite no /esse straunge then my naine, yet least I be tedious in
a thin.g that requireth baste, giue eare to my tale.
o I /-Iaue hearde often-tymes that in Loue there are three thinges for

to bee vsed, if time serue, v.iolence, if wealth be great, golde, if
necessitie compel, sorcerie.
But of these three but one can stand me in steede, the last, but
hot the least, whiche is able to worke the mindes of all woemen like
wax, when the other can scarse wind them like with. Medicines there
are that can bring it to passe, and men ther are that haue,,some by
potions, some by verses, some by dreames, ail by deceite, the
ensamples were tedious to recite, and you knowe them, the meanes
I corne to learne, and you can giue them, which is the onely cause
2o of my comming, and may be the occasion of my pleasure, and
certainlye the waye both for your prayse and profit.
Whether it be an enchaunted leafe, a verse of .Pytlzia, a figure of
AmIzion, a Charecter of Ostlmnes, an Image of//ënus, or a braunch
of Sybilla, it skilleth hot.
5 Let it be eyther the seedes of 3/'edea, or the bloud of 'Ai//f, let it
corne by Oracle of /ot'/o, or by Prophecie, of 2"yresias, eyther by
the intrayles of a Goat, or what els soeuer I c.are hot, or by ail these
in one, to make sure incantation and spare hot.
If I winne my loue, you shall hot loose your hbour, and whether
3o it redound or no to my greater perill, I will hot yet forger your
paines.
Let this potion be of such force, that she may doat in hir desire,
and I delight in hir distresse.
And if in this case you eyther reueale my suite or denye it, you
35 shall soone lerceyue that 2/ti/autus will dye as desperatelye in one
minute, as he hath liued this three monethes carefully, and this your
studie shall be my graue, if by your studye you ease hot my griefe.
4 Myrrha GAi test 5 a efore with GAi test '7 some by verses, oto.
vE test 8 receite M" 23 Oschanes ail eds. or oto. E test
Sibillo 7 rest 3 5 Media/-/test 3 o yet oto. vE test 33 I oto. vE test
36 this* oto. vE test
OID ll

*4 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
When he had thus ended, he looked so sternly vpon Psellus, that
he wished him farther off, yet taking him by the hande, and walking
into his chamber, this good man began thus to aunswere him.

Entleman, if the inward spirite be aunswerable to the outward
speach, or the thoughtes of your heart agreeable to the words
of your mouth, you shal breede to your selle great discredite, and
to me no small disquyet. Doe you thinke Gentleman that the
minde being created of God, can be ruled by man, or that anye one
can moue the heart, but he that made the heart ? But such hath
bene the superstition of olde women, & such the foIIy of young men,
yt there could be nothing so vayne but the one woulde inuent, nor
anye thing so sencelesse but the other would beleeue: which then
brought youth into a fooles Paradise, & hath now cast age into an
open motkage.
What the force of loue is, I haue knowen, what the effects haue
bene I haue heard, yet could I neuer learne that euer loue could be
wonne, by the vertues of hearbes, stones or words. And though
many tere haue bene so wicked to seeke such meanes, yet was
there neuer any so vnhappy to finde them.
'arrasius painting Io2olMitides , could neither make him that
ranne to sweate, nor the other that put off his armour to breathe,
adding this as it were for a note, _Are «rther ten colours : meaning
that to giue lyfe was hot in his Pencill, but in the Gods.
And the like may be said of vs that giue out mindes to know the
course of the Starres, the Plannets, the whole Globe of heauen,
the Simples, the Compounds, the bowels of the Earth, that something
we may gesse by the out-ward shape, some-thing by the natiuitie:
but to wrest the will of man, or to wreath his heart to our humours,
it fs not in the compasse of Arte, but in the power of the most
highest.
But for bicatlse there haue bene manye with-out doubt, that haue
giuen credit to the vayne illusions of Witches, or the fonde inuentions
of idle persons, I will set downe such reasons as I haue heard, and
you wil laugh at, so I hope, I shal both satisfie your minde and
make you a lyttle merry, for me thinketh there is nothing that can
more delyght, then to heare the things which haue no weight, to be
thought to haue wrought wonders.
9 ruade it E test 17 vertue Frest ao hot before neither Frest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
If you take Pepper, the seede of a Nettle, and a pretie quantitie
of tyrttum, beaten or pounded altogether, and put into Wine
of two yeares olde, whensoeuer you drinke to Camilla, if she loue
you hot, you loose your labour. The cost is small, but if your
beliefe be constant you winne the goale, for this Receipt standeth in
a strong conceipt.
Egges and Honnye, blended with the Nuts of a Pine tree, & laid
to your left side, is of as great force when you looke vppon Camilla
to bewitch the minde, as the Quinlt««tnct of Stocke-fish, is to nourish
the body.
An hearbe there is, called Anacamsori¢is, a strange naine and
doubtlesse of a straunge nature, for whosoeuer toucheth it, falleth
in loue,twith the person shee next seeth. It groweth hot in JZngland,
but heere you shal haue that which is hot halfe so good, that will do
as much good, and yet truly no more.
Thè Hearbe Ca4sium, moystened with the bloude of a Lysarde,
and hanged about your necke, will cause Camilla (for hir you loue
best) to dreame of your seruices, suites, desires, desertes, and what-
soeuer you would wish hir to thinke of you, but beeing wakened she
shall hot remember what shee dreamed off. And this Hearbe is to
be founde in a Lake neere Bce(o)fia, of which water who so drinketh,
shall bee caught in Loue, but neuer finde the Hearbe: And if hee
drincke hOt, the Hearbe is of no force.
There is in the Frogges side, a bone called Ao«ynon, and in the
heade of a young Coite, a bounch named lt'jomanes, both so
effectuall, for the obteining of loue, that who so getteth either of
them, shall winne any that are willyng, but so iniuriouslye both
crafte and Nature dealt with young Gentlemen that seeke to gaine
good will by these meanes, that the one is lycked off before it can
be gotten, the other breaketh as soone as it is touched. And yet
vnlesse 1-Iiomanes be lycked, it can-not worke, and except ApooEnon
be sound it is nothing worth.
I omit the Thistle ryngium, the Hearbes Catanance and
Pityusa, Zuba his Charito blejharon, and OrOheus Stajhilinus, ail
of such vertue in cases of loue, that if Camilla shoulde but tast any
I pretie] lyttle A test 2 Pyretnm alleds. 9 a before Stockfish E test
Anacamforitis A test 6 Carisnm
Boetia all eds. (but f. z. 9 o, L ) 24 Apocycon M-G: Apocyon " test
5 bonch " : bunch F test 7 bath before both E test 3t Apocycon
2}I-GE : Apocyon H test 32 sound] round " r«st 33 Catanenci ai1 eds.
34 Pyteuma M-G: Pytuma ' test blepheron 3[-G: blephoeton " : bloepheton
17 test Staphelinus // test
12

II6

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND

one of them in hir mouthe, shee woulde neuer lette it goe downe hir
throate, leaste shee shoulde bee poysoned, for well you knowe
Gentleman, that Loue is a Poyson, and therefore by Poyson it must
be mayntayned.
But I will hot forgette as it were the Methridate of the Magitians,
the Beast IfAena, of whom there is no parte so small, or so vyle,
but it serueth for their purpose : Insomuch that they accompt Ityena
their God that can doe al, and their Diuel that will doe all.
If yÇu take seauen hayres of Ifyenas lyppes, and carrye them sixe
dayes in your teeth, or a peece of hir skinne nexte your bare hearte,
or hir bellye girded to your left side, if Camilla surfer you hot to
obtaine yiur purpose, certeinely she can-not chuse, but thanke you
for your paines. «
And if you want medicines to winne women, I haue yet more,
the lungs of a l'ultur, the ashes of Stellio, the left stone of a Cocke,
the tongue of a Goose, the brayne of a Cat, the last haire of
a Wolues taile. Thinges easie to be hadde, and commonlye practised,
so that I would hot haue thee stande in doubte of thy loue, when
either a young Swallow famished, or the shrowding sheete of a deere
friend, or a waxen Taper that burnt at his feete, or the enchaunted
Needle that ¢l[edea hid in Iasons sleeue, are able hOt onely to make
them desire loue, but also dye for loue.
How doe you now feele your selfe tghilautus? If the least of
these charmes be hOt sufficient for thee, all exorcismes and coniura-
tions in the world will hOt serue thee.
You see Gentleman, into what blynde and grose errours in olde
time we were ledde, thinking euery olde wiues tale to be a truth,
and euery merry word, a very witchcraft. When the ,4eKyptians fell
from their God to their Priests of zl[emlhis , and the Gredans, from
their Morall questions, to their disputations of 29irrhus, and the
Iomaines from Religion, to polycie : then began ail superstition to
breede, and ail impietie to blome, and to be so great, they haue
both growen, that the one being then an Infant, is nowe an Elephant,
and the other beeing then a Twigge, is now a Tree.
They inuented as many Enchauntments for loue, as they did for
the Tooth-ach, but he that hath tryed both will say, that the best
charme for a Toothe, is to pull it out, and the best remedie for Loue,
to weare it out.

I I your-I hir 11".4 29 to the Priest Memphis E rest 32 bloome GE rest
haue] are E rest 3' for a tooth-ache is to pull out the tooth test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 7
If incantations, or potions, or amorous sayings could haue pre-
uailed, Circes would neuer haue lost I/lysses, nor t'hoedra ttipolitus,
nor hillis Z)eraoz#hoon.
If Coniurations, Charaeters, Circles, Figures, Fendes, or Furies
5 might haue wrought anye thing in loue, 3Iedea woulde hot haue
suffered Iason to alter his minde.
If the sirropes of Aracaonias, or the Uerses of Aeus, or the SaO'ren
of Z)iOsas were of force to moue the minde, they all three would hOt
haue bene martired with the torments of loue.
,o No no t'Ailautus thou maist well poyson Camilla with such
drugges, but neuer perswade hir: For I confesse that such hearbes
may alter the bodye from strength to weakenesse, but to thinke that
they tan moue the minde from verrue to vice, from chastitie to lust,
I ara hOt so simple to beleeue, neither would I haue thee so sinfull
FS as to doubt it.

cflia ministring an amorous potion vnto hir husband Zucretius,
procured his death, whose lire she onely desired.
Aristotle noteth one that beeing inflamed with the beautie of a faire
Ladye, thought by medicine to procure his blisse, and wrought in the
ende hir bane: So was Caligula slaine of Coesonia, and Zudus
Zucullus of Calistine.
Perswade thy selfe t'hilautus that to vse hearbes to v;inne loue
will weaken the body, and to think that hearbes can further, doth
hurt the soule: for as great force haue they in such cases, as noble
men thought them to haue in the olde rime. Achimenis the hearbe was
of such force, that it was thought if it wer thrown into the battaile,
it would make ail the soldiers tremble: but where was it when the
CiraOri and 2"eutoni were exiled by warre, wher grewe Achimenis,
one of whose leaues would haue saued a thousand liues ?
The Kinges of térsia gaue their souldiers the plant Zaace, which
who so hadde, shoulde haue plentye of meate and money, and men
and al things: but why did the soldiers of Coesar endure such
famine in t'harsalia, if one hearbe might haue eased so many heartes.

a Cirees all eds., except Cireis
Fiends A rest, exce2Ot Friends 1623 5 not] neuer E test 7 Micaonias
E-//: Micanios 161, rest Aens] Aeneas .4 rest Satyren so ai1 8
Dipsns 1623
Lvcilla alleds. 18 beautie] loue E test o hir] his E test 23 the]
thy E test a$ Achimenius .4 test a8 Humbri and Tentoni ai1 eds.
&chiminis M-B : AcIaimenis GE test then, afler Achimenis E rest

x8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Where is t?alis that Iuba so commendeth, the which coulde call
the dead to lyfe, and yet hee himselfe dyed ?
29emoaqtus made a confection, that who-soeuer dranke it should
haue a faire, a fortunate, and a good childe. Why did hot the 29ersian
Kinges swill this Nectar, hauing such deformed and vnhappy issue ? $
Cato was of that minde, that three enchaunted wordes coulde heale
the eye-sight: and l/'arro, that a verse of Sybilla could ease the
goute, yet the one was fayne to vse running water, which was but a
colde medicine, the other patience, which was but a drye playster.
I would hOt haue thee thinke 29hilau[us that loue is to bee obteined 1o
by such meanes, but onely by faith, vertue, and constancie.
_Phili King of 2I[acedon casting his eye vppon a fayre Uirgin
became enamoured, which Olympias his wife perceiuing, thought
him to bee enchaunted, and caused one of hir seruauntes to bring
the blayden vnto hir, whome shee thought to thrust both to exile 15
and shame : but vieweing hir fayre face with-out blemyshe, hir chaste
eyes with-out glauncinge, hir modest countenaunce, hir sober and
woemanlye behauiour, finding also hir vertues to be no lesse then
hir beautie, shee sayde, in thy selfe there are charmes, meaning that
there was no greater enchauntment in loue, then temperaunce, ao
wisdome, beautie & chastitie. Fond therefore is the opinion of
those that thinke the minde to be tyed to Magick, and the practise
of those filthy, that seeke those meanes.
Loue dwelleth in the minde, in the will, and in the hearts, which
neyther Coniurer canne alter nor Phisicke. For as credible it is, aS
that Cttid shooteth his Arowe and hytteth the heart, as that hearbes
haue the force to bewitch the heart, onelye this difference there is,
that the one was a fiction of poetrie, the other of superstition. The
will is placed in the soule, and who canne enter there, but hee that
created the soule ? 30
No no Gentle-man what-soeuer you haue heard touching this,
beleeue nothing : for they in myne opinion which imagine that the
mynde is eyther by incantation or excantation to bee ruled, are as far
from trueth, as the East from the West, and as neere impietie against
God, as they are to shame among men, and so contrary is it to the 35
profession of a Christian, as _Pagam'sme.
Surfer not your selle to bee lead with that vile conceypte,
practise in your loue ail kinde of loyaltie. Be hOt mute, nor full
19 thy] my ai1 eds. I beautie om. resl a 4 dwellith / hart
E test 2 5 Coniurer hot Phisick can airer rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x 9
of babl, bec sober, but auoyde sollennesse, vse no kinde of ryotte
¢yther in banqueting, which procureth surfeites, nor in attyre, which
hasteth beggerye.
If you thinke well of your witte, be alwayes pleasaunt, if yll bec
5 often silent : in the one thy talke shal proue thee sharpe, in the other
thy modestie, wise.
All fyshe are not caught with Flyes, all woemenne are hot allured
with personage. Frame letters, ditties, Musicke, and all meanes
that honestie may allowe : For he wooeth well, that meaneth no yll,
xo and hec speedeth sooner that speaketh what hec should, then he that
vttereth what he will. Beleeue me ]'hilautus I am nowe olde, yet
haue I in my head a loue tooth, and in my minde there is nothing
that more pearceth the heart of a beautifull Ladye, then writinge,
where thou mayst so serte downe thy passions and hir perfection,
as shee shall haue cause to thinke well of thee, and better of hir
selle: but yet so warilye, as neyther thou seeme to prayse hir too
much, or debase thy selle too lowelye: for if thou flatter them
with-out meane they loath it, and if thou make of thy selle
aboue reason they laugh at it, retaper thy wordes so well, and
place euerye sentence so wiselye, as it maye bee harde for hir
to iudge, whether thy loue be more faythfull, or hir beautie
amiable.
Lions fawne when they are clawed, Tygers stoupe when they are
tickled, dYucehalus lyeth downe when he is curryed, woemen yeelde
when they are courted.
This is the poyson _Philautus, the enchauntment, the potions that
creepeth by sleight into the minde of a woeman, and catcheth hir by
assuraun:e, better then the fonde deuices of olde dreames, as an
,4le with an Aue A[arie, or a hasill vand of a yeare olde crossed
with six Charactors, or the picture of Venus in Uirgin Wax, or the
Image of Camilla vppon a Moulwarpes skinne.
It is not once mencioned in the Englishe Courte, nor so much as
thought of in any ones conscience, that Loue canne bee procured
by such meanes, or that anye canne imagine suche myschiefe, and
yet I feare mee it is too common in out Countrey, where-by they
incurre hate of euerye one, and loue of none.
Touching my cunning in any vile deuices of Magick it was neuer
my studie, onely some delyght, I tooke in the Mathematicks which
2 in'] by BE rest 5 procure E rest 8 it oto. A rest 6 potion
9 Auie AB Maria//a ¢ old, Crosses/'-'-6a 3

t2o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
ruade me knowen of more then I would, and of more then thinke
well of me, although I neuer did hurt any, nor hindred.
But be thou quiet PMlautus, and vse those meanes that may
winne thy loue, hot those that may shorten hir lyfe, and if I can any
wayes stande thee in steade, vse me as thy poore friend and countreï- $
man, harme I will doe thee none, good I cannot. My acquaintance
in Court is small, and therefore my dealyngs about the Courte shall
be fewe, for I loue to stande aloofe from Ioue and lyghtning. Fire
giueth lyght to things farre off, and burneth that which is next toit.
The Court shineth to me that corne hot there, but singeth those o
that dwell there. Onely my counsayle vse, that is in writing, and
me thou shalt finde secret, wishing thee alwayes fortunate, and if
thou make me pertaker of thy successe, it shall not tourne to thy
griefe, but as much as in mee lyeth, I will further thee.
When he had finished his discourse, Ptilautus liked very well of x$
it, and thus replyed.

W EI1 sellus, thou hast wrought that in me, which thou wishest,
for if the baites that are layde for beautie be so ridicu-
lous, I thinke it of as great effect in loue, to vse a Plaister as a
Potion. 2o
I now vterly dissent from those that imagine Magicke to be the
meanes, and consent with thee, that thinkest letters tobe, v;hich
I will vse, and howe I speede I will tell thee, in the meane season
pardon me, if I vse no longer aunswere, for well you know, that he
that bath the fit of an .gue vpon him, hath no lust to talke but to
tumble, and Loue pinching me I haue more desire to chew vpon
melancholy, then to dispute vpon Magicke, but heereafter I vill make
repaire vnto you, and what I now giue you in thankes, I will then
requite with amends.
Thus these two country-men parted with certeine Italian embrac- 50
ings and termes of courtesie, more then common. hilautus we shal
finde in his lodging, sellus we will leaue in his studie, the one
musing of his loue, the other of his learning.

H Ere Gentlewomen you may see, how iustly men seeke to entrap
you, when scornefuly you goe about to reiect them, thinking 3
it not vnlawfull to vse Arte, when they perciue you obstinatej their

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 12x
dealings I wil hot allow, neither c.an I excuse yours, and yet what
should be the cause of both, I can gesse.
When .PAyd[as first paynted, they vsed no colours, but blacke,
white, redde, and yeolow: Zuxis added greene, and euery one
inuented a new shadowing. Ai the last if came fo this passe, that
he in painting deserued most prayse, that could serte downe most
coulours: wherby ther was more contention kinde]ed about the
¢o]our, then the counterfaite, & greater emu]ation for varietie in
shew, then workmanship in substaunce.
In the ]yke manner bath if fa]]en out in Loue, when Idam woed
there was no pollycie, but playne dealyng, no colours but blacke
and white. Affection was measured by faith, hOt by fancie : he was
hot curious, nor .Eue cruell : he was hOt enamoured of hir beautie,
nor she allured with his personage : and yet then was she the fairest
woman in the worlde, and he the properest man. Since that rime
euery Louer hath put too a lynke, and ruade of a Ring, a Chaine,
and an odde Corner, and framed of a playne Alley, a crooked knot,
and of Venus Temple, lPedalus Laborinth. One curleth his hayre,
thinking loue to be moued with faire lockes, an other layeth all his
lyuing vppon his backe, iudging that women are wedded to brauerie,
some vse discourses of Loue, to kind/e affection, some ditties to
allure the minde, some letters to stirre the appetite, diuers fighting
to proue their manhoode, sundry sighing to shew their maladyes,
many attempt with showes to please their Ladyes eyes, hot few with
Musicke to entice the eare : Insomuch that there is more strife now,
who shal be the finest Louer, then who is the faithfullest.
This causeth you Gentlewomen, to picke out those that can court
you, hot those that loue you, and hec is accompted the best in your
conceipts, that vseth most colours, hot that sheweth greatest
courtesie.
A playne talc of faith you laugh at, a picked discourse of fancie,
you meruayle at, condempning the simplicitie of truth, and preferring
the singularitie of deceipt, where-in you resemble those fishes that
rather swallow a faire baite with a sharpe hooke, then a foule worme
breeding in the mudde.
Heere-off it commeth that truc louers receiuing a floute for their
fayth, and a mocke for their good meaning, are enforced to seeke
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;22

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND

such meanes as might compell you, which you knowing impossibIe,
maketh you the more disdainefull and them the more desperate.
This then is my counsaile, that, you vse your louers lyke friends,
and chuse them by their faith, hot by the shew, but by the sound,
neither by the waight, but by the touch, as you do golde : so shall $
you be praysed, as much for vertue as beautie. But retourne we
againe to 2hilautus who thus beganne to debate with himselfe.

W Hat hast thou done Phi/autus, in seeking to wounde hir that
thou desirest to winne ?
With what face canst thou looke on hir, whome thou soughtest
to loose ? Fye, fye Philautus, thou bringest thy good naine into
question, and hir lyre into hazard, hauing neither care of thine owne
credite, nor hir honour. Is this the loue thou pretendest which is
worse then hate? Diddest not thou seeke to poyson hir, that neuer
pinched thee ?
But why doe I recount those thinges which are past, and I repent,
I ara now to consider what I must doe, not what I would haue
done? Follyes past, shall be worne out with faith to corne, and my
death shal shew my desire. Write _Philaulus, what sayest thou?
write, no, no thy rude stile wil bewray thy meane estate, and thy
rash attempt, will purchase thine ouerthrow. Venus delyghteth to
heare none but _;hrercury, 'allas wil be stolne of none but Vlysses,
it must bee a smoothe tongue, and a sweete tale that can enchaunt
Vesta.
Besides that I date hot trust a messenger to carye it, nor hir to
reade it, least in shewing lny letter shee disclose my loue, & then
shall I be pointed at of those that hate me, and pitied of those that
lyke me, of hir scomed, of ail talked off. No 2hilau/us, be not thou
the bye word of the common people, rather surfer death by silence,
then derision by writing.
I, but it is better to reueale thy loue, then conceale it, thou
knowest hOt what bitter poyson lyeth in sweet words, remember
_Psellus, who by experience hath tryed, that in loue one letter is of
more force, then a thousand lookes. If they lyke writings they read
them often, if dislyke them runne them ouer once, and this is
certeine that she that readeth suche toyes, will also aunswere them.
1o whome oto. E rest 14 Doost hOt thou .lI]." Dost llow thola 1617 :
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 2 3
Onely th[s be secret in conueyaunce, which is the thing they chieflyest
desire. Then write t'hf]autus write, he that feareth euery bush,
must neuer goe a birding, he that casteth ail doubts, shal neuer be
resolued in any thing. And this assure thy selle that be thy letter
$ neuer so rude and barbarous, shee will reade it, and be it neuer
so Iou[ng she will hOt shewe it, which were a thing contrary to
honor, and the next way to call hir honestie into question. ]For
thou hast heard, yea and thy selle knowest, that Ladyes that vaunt
of their Louers, or shewe their letters, are accompted in Italy
,o counterfait, and in ngland they are hot thought currant.
Thus t'hf]autus determined, hab, nab, to sende his ]etters,
flattering him-se]fe with the successe which he to him-selfe faigned :
and after long musing, he thus beganne to frame the minister of
his loue.

¶ 2"o the fayres, Camilla.

H Ard is the choyce fayre Ladye, when one is compelled eyther
by silence to dye with griefe, or by writing to liue with
shame: But so sweete is the desire of lyfe, and so sharpe are the
passions of loue, that I ara enforced to preferre an vnseemely suite,
o before an vntimely death. Loth I haue bin to speake, and in
dispayre to speede, the one proceeding of mine own cowardise, the
other of thy crueltie. If thou enquire my naine, I ara the saine
thilautus, which for thy sake of late came disguised in a Maske,
pleading custome for a priuiledge, and curtesie for a pardon. The
,$ saine thilautus which then in secret tearmes coloured his loue, and
now with bitter teares bewrayes it. If thou nothing esteeme the
brynish water that falleth from mine eyes, I would thou couldest see
the warme bloud that droppeth from my heart. Oftentimes I haue
beene in thy c0pany, where easily thou mightest haue perceiued my
$o wanne cheekes, my holow eies, my scalding sighes, my trêbling
tongue, to forshew yt then, which I c0fesse now. Then consider
with thy self Camilla, the plight I am in by desire, and the perill
I am like to fall into by deniall.
To recount the sorrowes I sustaine, or the seruice I haue vowed,
35 would rather breede in thee an admiration, then a belief: only this
I adde for the rime, which the ende shall trye for a trueth, that if thy

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24 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
aunswer be sharpe, my iife wil be short, so farre loue hath wrought
in my pyning and almost consumed bodye, that thou onely mayst
breath into me a new lire, or bereaue mee of the oide.
Thou art to weigh, not how long I haue loued thee, but how
faythfully, neyther to examine the worthynesse of my person, but $
the extremitie of my passions: so preferring my desarts before the
length of time, and my desease, before the greatnes of my byrth,
thou wilt eyther yeelde with equitie, or deny with reason, of both
the which, although the greatest be on my side, yet the least shail
not dislike me : for yt I haue alwayes found in thee a minde neyther to
repugnaunt to right, nor void of reson. If thou wouldst but permit
me to talke with thee, or by writing surfer me at large to discourse
wt thee, I doubt not but yt, both the cause of my loue woid be
beleeued, & the extremitie rewarded, both proceeding of thy beautie
and vertue, the one able to allure, the other ready to pittie. Thou S
must thinke that God hath not bestowed those rare gifles vpon thee
to kyll tbose that are caught, but to cure them. Those that are
stunge with the Scorpion, are healed with the Scorpion, the tire that
burneth, taketh away the heate of the burn, the Spider 2halangiura
that poysoneth, doth wt hir skinne make a playster for poyson, and o
shall thy beautie which is of force to winne all with loue, be of the
crueltie to wound any with death ? No Cmilla, I take no lesse
delight in thy fayre face, then pleasure in thy good conditions,
assuring my selfe that for affection with-out lust, thou wilt not render
malyce with-out cause.
I commit my care to thy consideration, expecting thy Letter
eyther as a Cullise to preserue, or as a sworde to destroy, eyther as
Antidotum, or as Aconilum : If thou delude mee, thou shalt not long
triumphe ouer mee lyuing, and small will thy glory be when I am
dead. And I ende.

2"Mne euer, tfioug $o
e be neuer tMne.
2Ailautus.

His Letter beeing coyned, hee studyed how hee myght conueie
it, knowing it to be no lesse perrilous to trust those hee knewe
hOt in so weightye a case, then dyffycult for him-selfe to haue 3$
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
opportunitie to delyuer it in so suspitious a company: At the last
taking out of his closette a fayre Pomegranet, and pullyng all the
kemelles out of it, hee wrapped his Letter in it, closing the toppe of
it finely, that it could hot be perceyued, whether nature agayne
hadde knitte it of purpose to further him, or his arte hadde ouercome
natures cunning. This Pomegranet hee tooke, beeing him-selfe both
messenger of his Letter, and the mayster, and insinuating him-selfe
into the companie of the Gentlewoemen, amonge whom was also
Camilla, hee was welcommed as well for that he had beene long
tyme absent, as for that hee was at ail tymes pleasaunt, much good
communication there was touching manye matters, ,'hich heere to
insett were neyther conuenient, seeing it doth hot concern the
Hystorie, nor expedient, seeing it is nothing to the delyuefie of
t'kilaulus Letter. But this it fell out in the ende, Camilla whether
longing for so faire a Pomegranet, or willed to aske it, yet loth to
require it, she sodeinlye complayned of an old desease, wherwith
shee manye times felt hir self grieued, which was an extreame heate
in ye stomack, which adutage _PMlautus marking, would hOt let slip,
whê it was purposely spoken, that he should hot giue them the slippe:
and thetefore as one gladde to haue so conuenient a time to offer
both his duetie and his deuotion, he beganne thus.

I Haue heard CarMlla, of Phisitions, that there is nothing eyther
more comfortable, or more profitable for the stomack or enflamed
liuer, then a Poungranet, which if it be true, I ara glad that I came
in so good tyme with a medicine, seeing you were in so iii a time
supprised with your maladie : and verily this will I saye, that there is
hOt one Kernell but is able both to ease your paine, and to double
your pleasure, and with that he gaue it hir, desiring that as she felte
the working of the potion, so shee would consider of the Phisition.
Camilla with a smyling countenaunce, neyther suspecting the craft,
nor the conueyer, answered him with these thankes.
I thank you Gentleman as much for your counsell as your curtesie,
and if your cunning be answerable to eyther of them, I will make
you amendes for all of them : yet I wil hOt open so faire a fruite as
this is, vntill I feele the payne that I so much feare. As you please
quoth .Philauus, yet if euery morning you take one kernell, it is the

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x26 EUPHUES AND _HIS ENGLAND
way to preuent your disease, and me thinketh that you should be a
carefu|l to worke meanes belote it come, that you haue it hOt, as to
vse meanes to expell it when you haue it.
I ara content, aunswered Camilla, to trye your phisick, which a
I know it can do me no great harme, soit may doe me much good.
In truth sayd one of the Gentlewomen then present, I perceiue this
Gentleman is hOt onely cunning in Phisicke, but also very carefull
for his Patient.
It behoueth, quoth Ph[lautu«, that he that ministreth to a Lady,
be as desirous of hir health, as his owne credite, for that there
redoundeth more prayse to the Phisition that hath a care to his
charge, then to him that hath only a show of his Art." And I trust
Camilla will better accept of the good will I haue to ridde hir of hir
disease, then the girl, which must worke the effect.
Otherwise quoth Camilla, I were verye much to blame, knowing
that in manye the behauiour of the man, hath wrought more then
the force of the medicine. For I would alwayes haue my Phisition,
of a cheerefull countenaunce, pleasauntlye conceipted, and well
proportioned, that he might baue his sharpe Potions mixed with
sweete counsayle, and his sower drugs mitigated with merry dis-
courses.
And this is the cause, that in olde rime, thcy payntcd thc God of
Phisickc, not lyke ._ça¢rn« but /«««Ma.M« : of a good complcction,
fine witte, and excellent constitution.
For this I know by experience, though I be but young to learne,
and haue hot often bene sicke, that the sight of a pleasant and quicke
witted Phisitian, hath remoued that from my heart with talke, that
he could hOt with all his Triade.
That might well be, aunswered _Philautus, for the man that wrought
the cure, did perchaunce cause the disease, and so secret might the
griefe be, that none could heale you, but he that hurte you, neither
was your heart to be eased by any in-ward potion, but by some
outward perswasion : and then it is no meruaile if the ministring of
a few wordes, were more auayleable then Methridate.
Wel Gentleman said Camilla, I wil neither dispute in Phisick,
wherin I haue no skill, neither aunswere you, to your last surmise,
which you seeme to leuell at, but thanking you once againe both for
your gift & good will, we wil vse other communication, not forgetting
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND ,2 7
to aske for your friend uhues, who bath not long time bene,
where he might haue bene welcommed at ail rimes, & that he came
hot with you at this time, we both meruayle, and would faine know.
This question so earnestlye asked of Camilla, and so hardlye to
bee aunswered of29hilautus, nipped him in the head, notwithstanding
least he shold seeme by long silence to incurre some suspition, he
thought a bad excuse better then none at ail, saying that uphues
now a dayes became so studious (or as he tearmed it, supersticious)
that he could not himselfe so much, as haue his company.
Belike quoth Camilla, he hath either espyed some new faults in
the -omen of ngland, where-by he seeketh to absent himselfe, or
some olde haunt that will cause him to spoyle himselfe.
Not so sayd 29hilautus, and yet that it was sayd so I will tell him.
Thus after much conference, many questions, and long rime spent,
t'hilautus tooke his leaue, and beeing in his chamber, we will ther
leaue him with such cogitations, as they commonly haue, that either
attende the sentence of lyfe or death at the barre, or the aunswere
of hope or dispaire of their loues, which none can set downe but he
that hath them, for that they are hOt to be vttered by the coniecture
of one that would imagine what they should be, but by him that
knoweth what they are.
Camilla the next morning opened the Pomegranet, and saw the
letter, which reading, pondering and perusing, she fell into a
thousande contrarieties, whether it were best to aunswere it or hOt,
at the last, inflamed with a kinde of cholar, for that she knew not
what belonged to the perplexities of a louer, she requited his frawd
and loue, with anger and hate, in these termes, or the lyke.
7"o Philautus.
I Did long time debate with my selfe 29hilautus, whether it might
stand with mine honour to send thee an aunswere, for comparing
my place with thy person, me thought thy boldnes more, then either
good mfiners in thee wold permit, or I with modestie could surfer.
Y'et at y« last, casting with my selfe, yt the heat of thy loue might
clean be razed with y« coldnes of my letter, I thought it good to
commit an inconuenlence, y I might preuent a mischiefe, chusing
rather to cut thee off short by rigour, then to giue thee any lot of
hope by silence. Greene sores are to be dressed roughly, least they
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128 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
lester, tetars to be drawen in the beginning least they spread, ring
wormes to be anoynted when they first appeare, least they compasse
y« whole body, & the assalts of loue to be beaten back at yO first
siege, least they vndermine at yO second. Fire is to be quenched in
yo spark, weedes are to be rooted in yo bud, follyes in y« blossome. $
Thinking this morning to trye thy Phisick, I perceiued thy frawd,
insomuch as the kernel yt shoulde haue cooled my stomack with
moistnes, hath kindled it with cholar, making a flaming tire, wher it
found but hot imbers, conuerting like the Spider a sweet floure into
a bitter poyson. I ara 2hilautus no _l'talian Lady, who commonly o
are woed with leasings, & won with lust, entangled with deceipt,
& enioyed with delight, caught with sinne, and cast off with shame.
For mine owne part, I ara too young to knowe the passions of
a louer, and too wise to beleeue them, and so farre from trusting any,
that I suspect all: not that ther is in euery one, a practise to deceiue, i$
but that ther wanteth in me a capacitie to conceiue.
Seeke not then 2hilautus to make the tender twig crooked by
A_rte, which might haue growen streight by Nature. Corne is hot to
be gathered in the budde, but in the eare, nor fruite to be pulled
from the tree when it is greene, but when it is mellow, nor Grapes ao
to bee cut for the presse, when they first fise, but when they are full
ripe : nor young Ladies to be sued vnto, that are fitter for a rodde
then a husbande, and meeter to beare blowes then children.
You must hot think of vs as of those in your own countrey, that
no sooner are out of the cradell, but they are sent to the court, and a5
woed some-times before they are weaned, which bringeth both the
Nation and their names, hOt in question onely of dishonestie, but
into obliquie.
This I would haue thee to take for a fiat aunswere, that I neither
meane to loue thee, nor heereafter if thou follow thy sute to heare 30
thee. Thy first practise in the Masque I did hot allow, the seconde
by thy writing I mislyke, if thou attempt the third meanes, thou
wilt enforce me to vtter that, which modestie now maketh me to
conceale.
If thy good will be so great as thou tellest, seeke to mitigate it by
reason or time, I thanke thee for it, but I can-not requit it, vnlesse
either thou wert hOt 2hilautus, or I not Camilla. Thus pardoning
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 729
thy boldnes vppon condition, and resting thy friend if thou test thy
sure, I ende.
_lV«iler thine, nor hir owne,
Camilla.
» THis letter Camilla stitched into an Italian _t°elrark which she
had, determining at the next c6ming of Philautus, to deliuer
it, vnder the pretence of asking some question, or the vnderstanding
of some worde. 'hilautus attending hourelye yo successe of his
loue, ruade his repaire according to his accustomable vse, and
o finding the Gentlewomen sitting in an herbor, saluted them cur-
teously, hot forgetting to be inquisitiue how Camilla was eased by
his Poungranet, which oftendmes asking of hir, she aunswered him
thus.
In faith hilautus, it had a faire coat, but a rotten kernell, which
fS so much offended my weake stomacke, that the very sight caused me
to loth it, and the sent to throw it into the tire.
I am sory quoth hilaulus (who spake no lesse then trueth) that
the medicine could hOt worke that, which my mind wished, & with
that stoode as one in a traunce, which Camilla perceiuing, thought
ao best to tub no more on that gall, leat the standers by should espy
where -t°Ailautus shooe wronge him.
Well said Camilla let it goe, I must impute it to my ill fortune,
that where I looked for a restoritie, I round a. con»umption : and
with that she drew out hir petrarke, requesdng him to conster hir
25 a lesson, hoping his learning would be better for a scholemaister,
then his lucke was for a Phisition. Thus walking in the ally, she
listned to his construction, who turning the booke, found where the
letter was enclosed, and dissembling that he suspected, he saide he
would keepe hir -t°elrark vntill the morning, do you quoth Çamilla.
30 With y the Gentlewomen clustred about them both, eyther to hear
hosv cunningly PAilautus could conster, or how readily Camilla
could conceiue. It fell out that they turned to such a place, as
turned them all to a blanke, where it was reasoned, whether loue
came at the sodeine viewe of beautie, or by long experience of vertue,
35 a long disputatlon was like to ensue, had hot Camlla cut it off
before they could ioyne issue, as one hot willing in yo company of
tAilaulus eyther to talke of loue, or thinke of loue, least eyther hee
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x3 o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
should suspect she had bêene wooed, or might be won, which was
hOt donc so closelye, but it was perceiued of _PAilauCus, though dis-
sembled. Thus after many words, they went to their dinner, where
I omit their table talke, least I loose mine.
After their repast, Surius came in with a great train, which
lightened Çamillas hart, & was a dagger to 39hilautus breast, who
taried no longer then he had leysure to take his leaue, eyther
desirous to read his Ladyes aunswer, or not wiIIing to enioy Surius
his companie, whome also I will now forsake, and followe 29hilautus,
to heare how his minde is quieted with CaJnillas curtesie. !o
_Philautus no sooner entred his chamber, but he read hir letter,
wich wrought such skirmishes in his minde, that he had almost forgot
reason, falling into the olde vaine of his rage, in this manner.
Ah cruell Camilla and accursed tghilautus, I see now that it fareth
with thee, as it doth with the Harpey, which hauing made one
astonied with hir fayre sight, tumeth him into a stone with hir
venemous sauor, and with me as it doth with those that view the
asiliske, whose eyes procure delight to the looker at the first glymse,
and death at the second glaunce.
Is this the curtesie of lngland towardes straungers, to entreat 2o
them so dispightfullye ? Is my good will not onely reiected with-out
cause, but also disdained without coulour ? I but 39hilautus prayse
at the parting, if she had hot liked thee, she would neuer haue
aunswered thee. Knowest thou hot that wher they loue much, they
dissemble most, that as fayre weather commeth after a foule storme,
so sweete tearmes succeede sowre taunts ?
Assaye once againe tghilaut«s by Letters to winne hir loue, and
followe hOt the vnkinde hounde, who leaueth the sent bycause hee
is" rated, or the bastarde Spanyell, which beeing once rebuked, neuer
retriueth his game. Let Atlanta runne neuer so swiftelye, shee wiil 3o
looke backe vpon l_vppomanes, let 3fedea bee as cruell as a fende
to ail Gentle-men, shee will at the last respect Iason. A denyall at
the first is accompted a graunt, a gentle aunswere a mockerie.
Ladyes vse their Louers as the Storke doth hir young ones, who
pecketh them till they bleed with hir bill, and then healeth them 35
with hir tongue. Cupid him-self must spend one arrowe, and

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND i31
thinkest thou to speede with one Letter ? No no thilautus, he that
looketh to haue cleere water must digge deepe, he that longeth for
sweete Musicke, must set his stringes at the hyghest, hec that seeketh
to win his loue must stretch his labor, and hasard his lyre. Venus
blisseth Lions in the fold, and Lambes in the chamber, Eagles at
the assaulte, and Foxes in counsayle, so that thou must be hardy in
the pursuit, and meeke in victory, venterous in obtaining, and wise
in concealing, so that thou win that with prayse, which otherwise
thou wilt loose with peeuishnesse. Faint hart t'hilautus neither
winneth Castell nor Lady: therfore endure ail thinges that shall
happen with patience, and pursue with diligence, thy fortune is to be
tryed, hot by the accedents but by the end.
Thus Gentlewoemen, 'hilautus resembleth the Uiper, who bee.ing
stricken with a reede lyeth as he were dead, but stricken the second
tyme, recouereth his strêgth : hauing his answer at the first in ye
masque, he was almost amased, and nowe againe denied, he is
animated, presuming thus much vpon ye good dispositif and kind-
nesse of woemen, that the higher they sit, the lower they looke, and
the more they seeme at the first to loth, the more they loue at the
last. Whose iudgement as I ara hot altogether to allow, so can I hot
in some respect mislike. For in this they resemble the Crocodile,
who when one approcheth neere vnto him, gathereth vp him-self
into the roundnesse of a ball, but running from him, stretcheth
him-self into the length of a tree. The willing resistance of women
was yo cause yt made Arellius (whose arte was only to draw women)
to paynt l/'enus Cnydia catching at the ball with hir hand, which she
seemed to spurn at with lir foote. And in this poynt they are hot
vnlike vnto the Mitre Tree, which being hewed, gathereth in his
sappe, but hOt moued, poureth it out like sirrop. Woemen are
neuer more coye then when they are beloued, yet in their mindes
neuer lesse constant, seeming to tye themselus to the toast of the
shippe with l/'lysses, when they are wooed, with a strong Cable:
which being well discerned is a twine threed: throwing a stone at
the head of him, vnto whome they immediately cast out an aple,
of which their gentle nature 'hilau[us being perswaded, followed
his suit againe in this manner.
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3 z EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND

t'hilautus go the faire, Camilla.
I Cannot tell (Camilla) whether thy ingratitude be greater, or my
misfortune, for perusing the few lynes thou gauest me, I found
as small hope of my loue as of thy courtesie. But so extreame are
the passions of loue, that the more thou seekest to quench them by $
disdayne, the greater flame thou encreasest by desire. Not vnlyke
vnto Iupiters Well, which extinguisheth a firie brande, and kindleth
a wet sticke. And no lesse force, hath thy beautie ouer me, then
the tire hath ouer 2Vaphtha which leapeth into it, whersoeuer it
seeth it. o
I am not he Camilla that will leaue the Rose, bicause I pricked
my finger, or forsake the golde that lyeth in the hot tire, for that
I burnt my hande, or refuse the sweete Chesnut, for that it is
couered with sharpe huskes. The minde of a faithfull louer, is
neither to be daunted with despite, nor afrighted with daunger. S
For as the Load-stone, what winde soeuer blowe, toumeth alwayes
to the North, or as A ristotles Quadratus, which way soeuer you
tourne it, is alwayes constant : so the faith of t'hilau¢us, is euermore
applyed to the loue of Camilla, neither to be remoued with any
winde, or rolled with any force. But to thy letter. 2o
Thou saist greene wounds are to be dressed roughly least they
fester: certeinly thou speakest lyke a good Chyrurgian, but dealest
lyke one vnskilfull, for making a great wound, thou puttest in a small
tent, cutting the flesh that is sound, before thou cure the place that
is sore : striking the veyne with a knife, which thou shouldest stop -'S
with lynt. And so hast thou drawn my tettar, (I vse thine owne
terme) that in seeking to spoyle it in my chinne, thou hast spreade it
ouer my body.
Thou addest thou art no Italyan Lady, I answer, would thou
wert, not that I would haue thee wooed, as thou sayst they are, but 3o
that I might win thee as thou now art: and yet this I dare say,
though hOt to excuse al, or to disgrace thee, yt some there are in
Ita/.v too wise to be caught with leasings, and too honest to be
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
to sustaine shame, so that what-soeuer the most be, I would not haue
thee thinke iii of the best.
Thou alleadgest thy youth and allowest thy wisedome, the one hot
apt to know ye ]mpressions of loue, the other suspitious hOt to
beleeue them. Truely Camilla I. haue heard, that young is the
Goose yt wil eate no Oates, and a very ill Cocke that will hOt crow
before he be olde, and no right Lyon, that will hOt feede on hard
meat, before he tast sweet milke, and a tender Uirgin God knowes
it must be, that measureth hir affections by hir age, when as
o naturally they are enclyned (which thou perticularly puttest to our
countrey) to play the brides, before they be able to dresse their
heades.
Many similytudes thou bringest in to excuse youth, thy twig, thy
corne, thy fruit, thy grape, & I know hot what, which are as easelye
5 to be refelled, as they are to be repeated.
But my good Camilla, I am as vnwillyng to confute any thing
thou speakest, as I ara thou shouldst vtter it : insomuch as I would
sweare the Crow were white, if thou houldest but say it.
My good will is greater than I can expresse, and thy courtesie
2o lesse then I deserue : thy counsayle to expell it with time and reason,
of so lyttle force, that I haue neither the will to vse the meane, nor
the wit to conceiue it. But this I say, that nothing can break off
my loue but death, nor any thing hasten my death, but thy dis-
courtesie. And so I attend thy finall sentence, & my fatall destenie.
2 2tdne euer, though he
be neuer thine._
thilaulus.

His letter he thought by no meanes better to be conueyed,
then in the saine booke he receiued hirs, so omitting no
3o time, least the yron should coole before he could strike, he presently
went to Camilla, whome he founde in gathering of flowers, with
diuers other Ladyes and Gentlewomen, which came aswell to
recreate themselues for pleasure, as to visite Camilla, whom they
ail loued. 19hilautus somewhat boldened by acquaintaunce,
35 courteous by nature, and courtly by countenance, saluted them al
with such termes, as he thought meete for such personages, hOt
forgetting to call Camilla his schollar, when she had schooled him
being hir master.
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*3-t EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
One of the Ladies who delighted much in mirth, seing JOAilautus
behold Camilla so stedfastly, saide vnto him.

Entleman, what floure like you best in ail this border, heere
be faire Roses, sweete Uiolets, fragrant primroses, heere wil
be Iilly-floures, Carnations, sops in wine, sweet Iohns, and what may
either please you for sight, or delight you with sauour : loth we are
you should haue a Posie of ail, yet willing to giue you one, not y
which shal looke best, but such a one as you shal lyke best.
Philautus omitting no opportunitie, yt might either manifest his
affection or commend his wit, aunswered hir thus.
Lady, of so many sweet floures to chuse the best, it is harde,
seeing they be ail so good, if I shoulde preferre the fairest before
the sweetest you would happely imagine that either I were stoppel
in the nose, or wanton in the eyes, if the sweetnesse before the
beautie, then would you gesse me either to lyue with sauours, or to
haue no iudgement in colours, but to tell my minde (vpon correction
be it spoken) of ail flowers, I loue a faire woman.
In deede quoth lqauia (for so was she named) faire women are
set thicke, but they corne vp thinne, and when they begin to budde,
they are gathered as though they wer blowne, of such men as you
are Gentleman, who thinke greene grasse will neuer be drye Hay,
but when yO flower of their youth (being slipped too young)shall
fade before they be olde, then I dare saye, you would chaunge your
faire flower for a weede, and the woman you loued then, for the
worst violet you refuse now.
Lady aunswered tghilautus, it is a signe that beautie was no
niggard of hir slippes in this gardein, and very enuious to other
grounds, seing heere are so many in one Plot, as I shall neuer finde
more in ail Italy, whether the reason be the heate which killeth
them, or the country that cannot beare them. As for plucking
them vp soone, in yt we shew the desire we haue to them, not the
malyce. Where you conjecture, that men haue no respect to things
when they be olde, I cannot consent to your saying for well doe they
know that it fareth with women as it doth with the Mulbery tree,
which the elder it is, the younger it seemeth, and therfore hath it
growen to a Prouerb in Italy, wh one see-eth a woman striken in

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x35
age to looke amiable, he saith she hath eaten a Snake: so that
I must of force follow mine olde opinion, that I loue fresh flowers
well, but faire women better.
tlauia would hOt so leaue him, but thus replyed to him.

5 V Ou are very amorous Gentleman, otherwise you wold not take
" the defence of that thing which most men contemne, and
women will not confesse. For where-as, you goe about to currey
fauour, you make a fault, either in praysing vs too much, which
we accompt in Englande flatterye, or pleasing your selfe in your
o owne minde, which wise men esteeme as folly. For when you
endeauour to proue that woemen the older they are, the fayrer they
looke, you thinke them eyther very credulous to beleeue, or your
talke verye effectuall to perswade. But as cunning as you are in
your 'a/er noster, I will add one Article more to your Crede, that
is, you may speak in matters of loue what you will, but women will
beleeue but what they lyst, and in extolling their beauties, they giue
more credit to their owne glasses, then mens gloses.
But you haue hOt yet aunswered my request touching what flower
you most desire : for woemen doe hOt resemble flowers, neyther in
shew nor sauour.
29hilaums hOt shrinking for an Aprill showre, followed the chace
in this manner.
Lady, I neither flatter you nor please my selfe (although it pleaseth
you so to conjecture) for I haue alwayes obserued this, that to stand
too much in mine owne conceite would gaine me little, and to claw
those of whome I sought for no benefite, woulde profit me lesse :
yet was I neuer so ill brought vp, but that I could when time and
place should serue, giue euery one I lyked their iust commendation,
vnlesse it were among those that were with-out comparison : offending
in nothing but in this, that beeing too curious in praising my Lad)',
I was like to the Painter _19rogogenes, who could neuer leaue when
his worke was well, which faulte is to be excused in him, bicause
hee would make it better, and may be borne with in mee, for that
I wish it excellent. Touching your first demaund which you seeme
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3 6 EUPHUES xw mt rtt.,L,AllA
Rose best yet with this condition, bicause I wil not eate my word,
I like a faire Lady well. Then quoth _t;lauia since you wil needes
ioyne the flower with the woman, amonge ail vs (& speake hOt
partially) call hir your Rose yt you most regarde, and if she deny
that naine, we will enioyne hir a penance for hir pride, & rewarde $
you with a violet for your paynes.
_Philautus being driuen to this shift wished him selle in his
chamber, for this he thought that if he shoulde choose Camilla
she woulde hOt accept it, if an other, she might iustly reiect him.
If he shoulde discouer his loue, then woulde Camilla thinke him fo
hot to be secreate, if concele it, hOt to be feruent : besides ail, the
Ladyes woulde espie his loue and preuent it, or Camilla despise
his offer, and not regarde it. While he was thus in a deepe medita-
tion, t:lauia wakened him saying, why Gentleman are you in
a dreame, or is there none heere worthy to make choyce of, or fS
are wee ail so indifferent, that there is neuer a good.
'hilautus seeing this Lady so curteous, and louing Camilla so
eamestly, coulde hOt yet resolue with himselfe what to doe, but at
the last, loue whiche neither regardeth what it speaketh, nor where,
he replied thus at ail aduentures. 2o

dyes and Gentlewomen, I woulde I were so fortunate that
I might choose euery one of you for a flower, and then would
I boldely affirme that I coulde shewe the fayrest poesie in the
worlde, but follye it is for me to wish that being a slaue, which none
can hope for, that is an Emperour. If I make my choyse I shall
speede so well as he that enioyeth ail Euroe. And with that
gathering a rose he gaue it to Camilla, whose coulour so encreasd
as one would haue iudged al hir face to haue been a Rose, had it
hot beene stayned with a naturall whitnesse, which made hir to
excell the Rose.
Camilla with a smiling countenance as though nothing greeued,
yet vexed inwardly to the heart, refused the gifte flatly, pretending
a redy excuse, which was, that .PAilauIus was either very much ouer
seene to take hir before the Ladie Flauia, or els disposed to giue
hir a mocke aboue the test in the companie.
Well quoth _lauia to ']zilautus, (who nowe stoode like one that
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x37
had beene besmered) there is no harme donc, for I perceiue Ca»dT/a
is otherwise spedde, and if I be hOt much deceiued, she is a flower
for S'us wearing, the penance shee shall haue is to make you
a Nosegay which shee shall hOt denye thee, vnlesse shee defie vs,
and the rewarde thou shalt haue, is this, while you tarrie in
Englande my neece shal be your Uiolet.
This Ladyes cousin was named traunds, a fayre Gentlewoman
and a v¢ise, young and of very good conditions, hOt much inferiour
to Camilla, equall shee could hOt be.
Camilla who v¢as loth to be accompted in any company coye,
endeuoured in the presence of the Ladie J7auia to be ver), curteous,
and gathered for 2hilautus a posie of ail the finest flowers in the
Garden, saying thus vnto him, I hope you will hot be offended
2hilautus in that I coulde not be your Rose, but imputing the
faulte rather to destinie then discurtesie.
2hilaulus plucking vp his spirits, gaue hir thanks for hir paynes,
and immeditely gathered a violet, which he gaue mistres Fraunds,
which she curteously receiued, thus all pattes were pleased for that
rime.
_Philaulus 'as inuited to dinner so that he could no longer stay,
but pulling out the booke wherein his letter was enclosed, he
ddiuered it to Camilla, taking his humble leaue of the Lady _bTauia
and the rest of the Gentlewomen.
When he was gone there fell much talke of him between the
Gentlewomen, one commending his wit, an other lais personage,
some his fauour, all his good conditions insomuch that the Ladie
fiTauia bound it with an othe, that she thought him both wise and
honest.
When the company was dissolued, Camilla not thinking to receiue
an aunswere, but a lecture, went to hir Italian booke where shee
founde the letter of Jghilautus, who without any further aduise, as
one very much offended, or in a great heate, sent him this bone to
gnawe vppon.
2"0 _Philaulus.

S Uffice.d it hOt thee .Philautus to bewraie thy follies & moue my
paclence, but thou must also procure in me a minde to
reuenge, & to thy selfe the meanes of a farther perill ? Where

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t3 8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
diddest thou learne that being forbidden to be bold, thou shouldest
growe impudent ? or being suffered to be familiar thou shouldest
waxe haile fellowe ? But to so malepert boldnes is the demeanor
of young Gentlemen corne, that where they haue bene once welcome
for curtesie, they thinke themselues worthie to court any Lady by
customes: wherin they imagine they vse singuler audacitie which
we can no otherwise terme then saucinesse, thinking women are to
be drawen by their coyned & counterfait conceipts, as the straw is
by the Aumber, or the yron by ye Loadstone, or the gold by the
minerall Chrysocolla.
But as there is no serpent that tan breede in the Box tree for
the hardnesse, nor wil build in the Cypres tree for the bitternesse,
so is there no fond or poysoned louer that shall enter into my heart
which is hardned like the Adamant, nor take delight in my words,
which shalbe more bitter then Gall.
It fareth with thee l>hilautus, as with the droone, who hauing lost
hir owne wings, seekes to spoile the Bees of theirs, & thou being
elipped of thy libertie, goest about to bereaue me of mine, not farre
differing from the natures of Dragons, who sucking bloud out of the
Elephant, kill him, and with the saine, poyson themselues: & it
may be that by the same meanes that thou takest in hande to
inueigle my minde, thou entrap thine owne: a iust reward, for so
vniust dealing, and a fit reuenge for so vnkinde a regard.
But I trust thy purpose shall take no place, and that thy mallice
shall want might, wherein thou shalt resemble the serpent l>orphiius,
who is full of poyson, but being toothlesse he hurteth none but
himselfe, and I doubt not but thy minde is as fui of deceipt, as thy
words are of flatterie, but hauing no toothe to bite, I haue no cause
to feare.
I had not thought to haue vsed so sower words, but where
a wande cannot rule the horse, a spurre must. qaen gentle medi-
cines, haue no force to purge, wee must vse bitter potions: and
where the sore is neither to be dissolued by plaister, nor to be
broken, it is requisite, it should be launced.
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND i39
Hawkes that waxe haggard by manning, are to be cast off, & fonde
louers, that encrease in their follyes when they be reiected, are to
bee dispised.
But as to be without haire, amongst yO Mycanions, is acc6pted no
shame, bicause they be al borne balde, so in ltaly to lyue in loue,
is thought no fault, for that there they are all giuen to lust, which
maketh thee to coniecture, that we in England recken loue as yO
chiefest verrue, which we abhorre as yO greatest vice, which groweth
lyke the Iuie about the trees, and killeth them by cullyng them.
Thou arte alwayes talking of Loue, and applying both thy witte
and thy wealth in that idle trade: only for that thou thinkest thy
selle amiable," not vnlyke vnto the Hedgehogge, who euermore
lodgeth in the thomes, bicause he himselfe is full of prickells.
But take this both for a waming & an aunswer, that if thou
prosecute thy suite, thou shalt but vndoe thyselfe, for I am neither
to be woed with thy passions, whilest thou liuest, nor to repent me
of my rigor when thou art dead, which I wold hot haue thee think
to proceede of anye hate I beare thee, for I malyce none, but for
loue to mine honour, which neither Ira[jan shal violate, nor English
man diminish. For as the precious stone Chalazias, being throwen
into the tire keepeth stil his coldnesse, hOt to be warmed with any
heate, so my heart although dented at with yo arrowes of thy burning
affections, and as it were enuironed with the tire of thy loue, shall
alwayes keepe his hardnesse, & be so farre from being mollyfied,
that thou shalt hot perceiue it moued.
The Uiolet Ladie t;lauia bestowed on thee, I wishe thee, and if
thou lyke it, I will further thee, otherwise if thou persist in thine
olde follyes, wherby to encrease my new griefes, I will neither corne
where thou art, nor shalt thou haue accesse to the place where I am.
For as little agreement shal there be betweene vs, as is betwixt the
Uine, and the Cabish, the Oke and the Olyue tree, the Serpent and
the Ash tree, the yron and Theamedes.
And if euer thou diddest loue me, manifest it in this, that heere-
after thou neuer write to mee, so shall I both be perswaded of thy
faith, and eased of mine owne feare. But if thou attempt againe to
wring water out of the Pommice, thou shalt but bewraye thy
falshoode, and augment thy shame, and my seueritie.
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x4o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
For this I sweare, by hir whose lyghts can neuer dye, Vesta, and
by hir whose heasts are not to be broken, 1)iana, that I will neuer
consent to loue him, whose sight (if I may so say with modestie) is
more bitter vnto me then death.
If this aunswere wil hOt content thee, I wil shew thy letters, 5
disclose thy loue, and make thee ashamed to vndertake that, which
thou cannest neuer bring to passe. And so I ende, thine, if thou
leaue to be mine.
Camilla.

Amilla dispatched this letter with speede, and sent it to
thilautus by hir man, which thilautus hauing iead, I commit
the plyght he was in, to the consideration of you Gentlemen that
haue ben in the like: he tare his haire, rent his clothes, and fell
from the passions of a Louer to the panges of phrensie, but at the
last callying his wittes to him, forgetting both the charge Camilla
gaue him, and the contents of hir Letter, hec greeted hir immediately
agayne, with an aunswere by hir owne Messenger in this manner.

2"o tac cruell Camilla,
greel'ng.
F I were as farre in thy bookes to be beleeued, as thou art in ao
mine to be beloued, thou shouldest either soone be ruade
a wife, or euer remaine a Uirgin, the one would ridde me of hope,
the other acquit mee of feare.
But seeing there wanteth witte in mec to perswade, and will in
thee to consent : I meane to manifest the beginrring of my Loue, 25
by the ende of my lyfe, the affects of the one shal appeare by the
effects of the other.
When as neither solempne oath nor sound perswasion, nor any
reason can worke in thee a remorse, I meane by death to shew my
desire, the which the sooner it commeth, the sweeter it shalbe, and 3o
the shortnes of the force, shal abate the sharpnes of the sorrow.
I cannot tel whether thou laugh at my folly, or lament my phrêsie,
but this I say, & with sait teares trickling down my cheekes, I swere,
yt thou neuer foundst more plesure in reiecting my loue, then thou
shalt feele paine in remêbring my losse, & as bitter shal lyfe be to 35
7 cannese B: canst E test II ornit E test 14 pangues G x5
wit tl rest 6 immedialye .4t a6 effects : affect 1623-36 33
sweare A rest 35 feele] finde ' test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND a4
thee, as death to me, and.as sorrowfull shal my friends be to see
thee prosper, as thine glad to see me perish.
Thou thinkest ail I write, of course, and makest ail I speake, of
small accompt: but God who reuengeth the periuries of the
5 dissembler, is witnesse of my truth, of whom I desire no longer to
lyue, thoe I meane simply to loue.
I will not vse many wordes, for if thou be wise, few are sufficient,
if froward, superfluous: one lyne is inough, if thou be courteous,
one word too much, if thou be cruell. Yet this I adde and that
m in bittemes of soule, that neither my hande dareth write that, which
my heart intendeth, nor my tongue vtter that, which my hande shall
execute. And so fare-well, vnto whom onely I wish well.
Thine euer, thoug
shortIy neuer.
t _Philautus.

THis Letter beeing written in the extremitie of his he sent
rage,
by him that brought hirs. Camilla perceiuing a fresh reply,
was not a little melancholy, but digesting it with company, & buming
the letter, she determined neuer to write to him, nor after yt to see
2o him, so resolute was she in hir opinion, I dare not say obstinate
least you gentlewomen shoulde take pepper in the nose, when I put
but sait to your mouthes. But this I dare boldly affirme, that Ladies
are to be woed with Appelles pencill, Orpheus Harpe, A[ercuries
tongue, Adonis beautie, Croesus welth, or els neuer to be wone, for
2 their bewties being blased, their eares tickled, their mindes moued,
their eyes pleased, there appitite satisfied, their coffers filled, when
they haue al thinges they shoulde haue and would haue, then men
neede hOt to stande in doubt of their comming, but of their
constancie.
3o But let me followe 2hiIaulus, who nowe both loathing his life and
cursing his lucke, called to remembrance his old friend 2Euphues,
whom he was wont to haue alwayes in mirth a pleasant compani6,
in griefe a comforter, in al his life the only stay of his lybertie, the
discurtesie which hee offered him so encreased his greefe, that he
35 fell into these termes of rage, as one either in an extascie, or in
a lunacie.
Nowe 2hilautus dispute no more with thy selfe of thy loue, but
4-5 of dissemblers E rest 2z toi Lu AB 24 to oto. E rest
wonne A rest 2 5 tickle E

x42 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
be desparate to ende thy life, thou hast ç¢azt off thy friende, and thy
Lady hath forsaken thee, thou destitute of both, canst neither haue
comfort of Cmilla, whom thou seest obstinate,-nor counsaile of
lthues, whom thou hast ruade enuious.
Ah my good friende luphues, I see nowe at length, though too
late, yt a true friend is of more price then a kingdome, and that the
faith of thee is tobe preferred, before the beautie of Camilla.
For as salfe being is it in the company of a trustie mate, as
Sleeping in the grasse Trifole, where there is no serpent so venemous
that dare venture. o
Thou wast euer carefull for my estate, & I carelesse for thine,
thou diddest alwayes feare in me the tire of loue, I euer flattered
my selle with the bridle of wisedome, when thou wast earnest to giue
me counsaile, I waxed angrie to heare it, if thou diddest suspect me
vp6 iust cause, I fel out with thee for euery light occasion, nowe
now uIhu«s , I see what it is to want a friend, & what it is to loose
one, thy wordes are corne to passe which once I thought thou spakest
in sport, but nowe I finde them as a prophecie, that I should be
constrayned to stande at zhu«s dote as the true owner.
What shal I do in this extremitie ? which way shal I turne me ? 2o
of wh6 shal I seeke remedie? Euphues wil reiect me, & why shoulde
he not? Camilla hath reiected me, & why should she ? the one
I haue offended with too much griefe, the other I haue serued with
too great good will, the one is lost wt loue, the other wt hate, he for
that I cared not for him, she because I cared for 1-dr. I but though
Camilla be not to be moued, .Euhues may be mollified. Trie him
PAilautus, sue to him, make friends, write to him, leaue nothing
vndone that may either shew in thee a sorrowful heart, or moue in
him a minde that is pitifull. Thou knowest he is of nature curteous,
one that hateth none, that loueth thee, that is tractable in al things, 30
Lions spare those yt couch to thê, the Tygresse biteth hOt when shee
is clawed, Cerberus barketh not if Orpheus pipe sweetly, assure thy
self that if thou be penitent, he will bee pleased: and the old
friendship wilbe better then the newe.
Thus _Philautus ioying nowe in nothing but onely in the hope
he had to recouer the friendship with repêtance, which he had brokê
off by rahnesse, determined to greet his friend .Eu2hues , who al this

6- 7 the.., thee] thy faith E rest 8 safe A rest it is E rest 9 Trifoile
E-*6u3 : Trifolie ,63o-36 14 heare] beare a¢ar-1631 15 nowe oto. E test
a me] thee a 9 a pittifull mind E rest 3 6 the] yt

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 143
while lost no rime at his b(oke in London, but howe he imployed it,
he shall himselfe vtter, for that I am neither of his counsaile nor
court, but what he hath donc he will not conceale, for rather he
wisheth tobe wray his ignorance, then his ydlenes, and willinger you
shall find him to make excuse of rudenesse then lasinesse.
But thus 2hilaut«s saluted him.

19hilautus to Euihues.
He sharpe Northeast winde (my good Euphues) doth neuer
last three dayes, tempestes haue but a short time, and the
xo more violent the thunder is, the lesse permanent it is. In
the like maner it falleth out with yo iarres & crossings of friends
which begun in a minuit, are ended in a moment.
Necessary it is that among frinds there should bec some ouer-
thwarting, but to c6tinue in anger not conuenient, the Camill first
i$ troubleth the water before he drinke, the Frankensence is bumed
before it smell, friendes are tryed before they are to be trusted, least
shining like the Carbuncle as though they had tire, they be found
being touched, to be without tire.
Friendshippe should be like the wine which ttomer much com-
2o mending, calleth Iaroneum, whereof one pient being mingled wt
fiue quartes of water, yet it keepeth his old strength & vertue, not to
be qualified by any discurtesie. Where salt doth grow nothing els
can breede, where friendship is built, no offence c harbour.
Then good Euihues let the falling out of frinds be a renewing of
25 affection, that in this we may resemble the bones of the Lyon, which
lying stil & not moued begin to rot, but being striken one against
another break out like tire, and wax greene.
The anger of friends is not vnlike vnto the phisitions Cucurbitte
which drawing al yO infecti6 in yo body into one place, doth purge al
3o diseases : and the rages of friendes, reaping vp al the hiddê malices,
or suspicions, or follyes that lay lurking in the minde, maketh the
knot more durable: For as the bodie being purged of melancholy
waxeth light and apt to all labour, so the minde as it were scoured
of mistrust, becommeth fit euer after for beleefe.
35 But why doe I hot confesse that which I haue c6mitted, or knowing
4 wished E rest 6 thus] mithus Il, i.e. thus mixed with with this (' m 'for
«w') Il yam. Erest I2 minuteM-FI63, I636: minut H 16Iî',63o-3 I
I6 are to atn. 1 test 20 Maronium trest pinte 4 rest x 4 good oto.
E rest ai the /rest 29 the ofttr al E rest 3 o rages] Jarre, /' rest
ripping .F rest malice/-/rest 31 lie .E rest

I44 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND "
my selle guilty, why vse I to glose, I haue vniustly my good
picked a quarrel against thee, forgetting the counsell thou gauest
me, & despising that which I nowe desire. Which as often as I call
to my minde, I cannot but blush to my selle for shame, and fall out
with my selle for anger. For in falling out with thee, I haue done
no otherwise then he that desiring to salle salfely killeth him at the
helme, resembling him that hauing neede to alight spurreth his horse
to rnake him stande still, or him that swimming vpon anothers backe,
seeketh to stoppe his breath.
It was in thee uhues that I put ail my trust, & yet vppon thee
that I powred out ail my mallice, more cruel then the Crocadile, who
suffereth the birde to breede in hir mouth, yt scoureth hir teeth,
& nothing so gentle as the princely Lyon, who saued his life, that
helped his foote. But if either thy good nature can forger, that
which my ill tongue doth repent, or thy accustomable kindnesse
forgiue, that my vnbridled furie did commit, I will hereafter be as
willing to be thy sentant, as I am now desirous to be thy friend, and
as redie to take an injurie, as I was to giue an offence.
What I haue done in thine absence I will certifie at thy comming,
and yet I doubt not but thou cannest gesse by rny condifi6, yet this
I add, that I am as ready to die as to liue, & were I not animated
wt the hope of thy good counsell, I would rather haue suffered the
death I wish for, thê sustained the shame I sought for. But nowe in
these extremities reposing both my life in thy hands, and my seruice
at thy cornmaundement, I attend thine aunswere, and rest thine to
vse more then his owne.
29Mlautus.

His letter he dispatched by his boye, which EuiOhues reading,
could not tell whether he shoulde more reioyce at his friends
submission, or rnistrust his subtiltie, therefore as one not resoluing o
hirnselfe to deterrnine any thing, as yet, aunswered hirn thus imme-
diately by his owne messenger.
u giuest BG 6 desireth G safely A rest 2 tooth H test
$ repeat/-]" test 9 thine] thy E test 20 thereof before by E test this]
thus much E test 23 sustaine test 24- 5 seruice at] unfaitaed serui¢e
and good will for euer hereafter at E test 28 This ... boye] This Letter
beeing etaded, Philautus sent the saine by his seruant E rest 28- 9 reading,...
whether] reading, stoode as otae in a qtaandarie, hot knowing whether E rest
therefore.., messenger] these two lines are thus devtloled in E rtst--therefore
beeing as yet hot fiallie determined to any thing, hee presently departed into lais
chamber, and without further seareh of Philautus well meaning» seut him aix
aunswere by lais owne messenger» iu maner as heereafter followeth.

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x45

u2Aues to Aim, tAat uas
Ais PAilau/us.
I Haue receiued thy letter, and know the man: I read it and
perceiued the marrer, which I am as farre from knowing how to
aunswere, as I was from looking for such an errand.
Thou beginnest to inferre a necessitie that friends should fall out,
when as I can-not allowe a conuenience. For if it be among such
as are faithfull, there should be no cause of breach : if betweene
dissemblers, no eare of reconciliation.
The Camel saist th6u, loueth water, when it is troubled, & I say,
the Hart thirsteth for the cleare streame : & fitly diddest thou bring
it in against thy selle (though applyed it, I know not how aptlye for
thy selle) for such friendship doest thou lyke, where braules maye be
stirred, hOt quietnesse sought.
The wine AIaroneum which thou c6mendest, & the salt grotid
which thou inferrest, yo one is neither fit for thy drinking, nor the
other for thy tast, for such strong Wines will ouercome such lyght
wits, and so good salt cannot relysh in so vnsauory a mouth, neither
as thou desirest to applye them, can they stande thee in steede. For
often-times haue I round much water in thy deedes, but hot one drop
of such wine, & the ground where salte should grow, but neuer one
corne that had sauour.
Ai'ter man), reasons to conclude, that iarres were requisit, thou
fallest to a kinde of submission, wh[ch I meruayle Lt : For if I gaue
no cause, why diddest thou picke a quarrell : if any, why shouldest
thou craue a pardon ? If thou canst defie thy best friend, what
wilt thou doe to thine enemie ? Certeinly this mst needes ensue,
that if thou canst not be constant to thy friend, when he doth thee
good, thou wilt neuer beare wt him, when hec shall do thee harme-.
thou that seekest to spil the bloud of the innocent, canst shew small
mercye to an offender : thou that treadest a Worme on yO taile, wilt
crush a Waspe on the head : thou that art angry for no cause, wilt
I thinke runne madde for a light occasion.
Truly .P]ilauus, that once I loued thee, I can-not deny, that now
I should againe doe so, I refuse : For smal confidence shal I repose
in thee, when I am guiltie, that can finde no refuge in innocencie.
The malyce of a friend, is like the sting of an Aspe, which nothing
7 when a] when " test an inconuenience GE test o I haue " test
6 a oto. test

IOND II L

I46 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
can remedie, for being pearced in the hande it must be cut off, and
a friend thrust to the heart it must be pulled out.
I had as liefe 2Ailautus haue a wound that inwardly might lyghtly
grieue me, then a scar that outwardly should greatly shame me.
In that thou seemest so earnest to craue attonemêt thou causest 5
me yo more to suspect thy truth: for either thou art c6pelled by
necessitie, & then it is hOt worth thankes, or els disposed againe to
abuse me, and then it deserueth reuenge. Eeles cannot be helde
in a wet hande, yet are they stayed with a bitter Figge leafe, the
Lamprey is hOt to be killed with a cudgel, yet is she spoiled with to
a cane, so friends that are so slipperie, and wauering in all their
dealyngs are hOt to be kept with fayre and smooth talke, but with
rough and sharp taunts : and contrariwise, those which with blowes,
are not to be reformed, are oftentimes wonne with light perswasions.
Which way I should vse thee I know hOt, for now a sharpe word 15
moued thee« when otherwhiles a sword wil not, then a friendly checke
killeth thee, when a rasor cannot rase thee.
But to conclude 2Ailautus, it fareth with me now, as with those,
that haue bene once bitten with yo Scorpion, who neuer after feele
anye sting, either of the Waspe, or the Hornet, or the Bee, for 20
I hauing bene pricked with thy falsehoode shall neuer I hope
againe be touched with any other dissembler, flatterer, or fickle
friend.
Touching thy lyfe in my absence, I feare me it hath bene too
loose, but seeing my counsell is no more welcome vnto thee then 25
water into a ship, I wil hOt wast winde to instruct him, that wasteth
himselfe to destroy others.
Yet if I were as fully perswaded of thy conuersion, as thou wouldest
haue mee of thy confession, I might happely doe that, which now
I will hOt. 3o
And so fare-well _Philautus, and though thou lyttle esteeme my
counsayle, yet haue respect to thine owne credite: So in worklng
thine owne good, thou shalt keepe me from harme.
2"bine once,
Euphues. 35
This letter pinched tMlautus at the first, yet trusting much to yo
good dispositi6 of Euphues, he determined to perseuer both in his
I for] but E test 4 then] as E re, t 19 feeleth GE r«st a 9 happily
E-162.3 : haply 16.3o-$6

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND '47
sute & amendment, & therfore as one beating his yron that he might
frame it while it were hoat, aunswered him in this manner.

2"o mine onely friend,
EuiOhes.
THere is no bone so hard but being laid in vineger, it may be
t. wrought, nor Iuory so tough, but seasoned with Zutlm it may
be engrauen, nor Box so knottie, that dipped in oyle can-not be
carued, and can ther be a heart in EuiOAues , which neither will yeelde
to softnesse with gentle perswasions, nor true perseueraunce ? What
canst thou require at my hande, that I will deny thee ? haue I broken
the league of friendship ? I confesse it, haue I misused thee in
termes, I will hot deny it. But being sorrowfull for either, why
shouldest hot thou forgiue both.
Water is praysed for that it sauoureth of nothing, Fire, for that it
yeeldeth to nothing: & such should the nature of a true friend be,
that it should hot sauour of any rigour, and such the effect, that it
may hot be conquered with any offence: Othersvise, faith put into
the breast that beareth grudges, or contracted with him that can
remember griefes, is not vnlyke vnto Wine poured into Fifre vessels,
which is present death to the drinker.
Friends must be vsed, a's the Musitians tune their strings, who
finding them in a discorde, doe hot breake them, but either by
intention or remission, frame them to a pleasant consent: or as
Riders handle their young Coltes, who finding them wilde & vntract-
able, bring them to a good pace, with a gentle rayne, hot with
a sharp spurre, or as the Scithians ruled their slaues hot with cruell
weapons, but with the shewe of small whippes. Then EuiOfiues
consider with thy selle what I may be, hot what I haue beene, and
forsake me hot for that I deceiued thee, if thou doe, thy discurtesie
wil breede my destruction.
For as there is no beast that toucheth the hearbe whereon the
Beare hath brethed, so there is no man that will corne neere him,
vpon 'hom the suspicion of deceipt is fastened.
Concerning my lire passed, I conceale it, though to thee I meane
hereafter to confesse it : yet hath it hot beene so wicked yt thou
shouldest be ashamed, though so infortunate, that I am greeued.
Consider we are in England, where out demeanour will be narrowly
9 nor] or Hrest t 9 vnto oto. E rest 2a a om. E test 2 9 deceiue
test 56 ashamed] shamed E rest
L2

146 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
can remedie, for being pearced in the hande it must be cut off', and
a friend thrust to the heart it must be pulled out.
I had as liefe Philautus haue a wound that inwardly might lyghtly
grieue me, then a scar that outwardly should greatly shame me.
In that thou seemest so earnest to craue attonemêt thou causest
me yo more to suspect thy truth: for either thou art c6pelled by
necessitie, & then it is hOt worth thankes, or els disposed againe to
abuse me, and then it deserueth reuenge. Eeles cannot be helde
in a wet hande, yet are they stayed with a bitter Figge leafe, the
Lamprey is hOt to be killed with a cudgel, yet is she spoiled with fo
a cane, so friends that are so slipperie, and wauering in ail their
dealyngs are hOt to be kept with fayre and smooth talke, but with
rough and sharp taunts : and contrariwise, those which with blowes,
are not to be reformed, are oftentimes wonne with light perswasions.
Which way I should vse thee I know hOt, for now a sharpe word t5
moued thee« when otherwhi|es a sx'ord wi| hot, then a friendly checke
killeth thee, when a rasor cannot rase thee.
But to conclude Pilauus, it fareth with me now, as with those,
that haue bene once bitten with yo Scorpion, who neuer after feele
anye sting, either of the Vaspe, or the Hornet, or the Bee, for 20
I hauing bene pricked with thy falsehoode shall neuer I hope
againe be touched with any other dissembler, flatterer, or fickle
friend.
Touching thy lyfe in my absence, I feare me it hath bene too
loose, but seeing my counsell is no more welcome vnto thee then ,5
water into a ship, I wil hOt wast winde to instruct him, that wasteth
himselfe to destroy others.
Yet if I were as fully perswaded of thy conuersion, as thou wouldest
haue mee of thy confession, I might happely doe that, which now
I will hOt.
And so fare-well _Philautus, and though thou lyttle esteeme my
counsayle, yet haue respect to thine owne credite: So in working
thine owne good, thou shalt keepe me from harme.
Thine once,
2uhues.
This letter pinched Philautus at the first, yet trusting much to yo
good dispositi0 of 2uhues, he determined to perseuer both in his
1 for] but E rest 4 then] as E rest 19 feeleth GE rest a 9 happily
E-16 3 : haply t63o-36

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 147
sute & amendment, & therfore as one beating his yron that he might
frame it while it were hoat, aunswered him in this manner.

To mine onely friend,
lïuphues.
THere is no bone so hard but being laid in vineger, it may be
.i. wrought, nor Iuory so tough, but seasoned with Zutho it may
be engrauen, nor Box so knottie, that dipped in oyle can-not be
carued, and can ther be a heart in Eu2#hues , which neither will yeelde
to softnesse with gentle perswasions, nor true perseueraunce ? What
canst thou require at my hande, that I will deny thee ? haue I broken
the league of friendship? I confesse it, haue I misused thee in
termes, I will hot deny it. But being sorrowfull for either, why
shouldest hot thou forgiue both.
Water is praysed for that it sauoureth of nothing, Fire, for that it
yeeldeth to nothing : & such should the nature of a true friend be,
that it should hot sauour of any rigour, and such the effect, that it
may hot be conquered with any offence: Otherwise, faith put into
the breast that beareth grudges, or contracted with him that can
remember griefes, is hOt vnlyke vnto Wine poured into Firre vessels,
which is pÇesent death to the drinker.
Friends must be vsed, s the Musitians tune their strings, who
finding them in a discorde, doe hot breake them, but either by
intention or remission, frame them to a pleasant consent: or as
Riders handle their young Coltes, who finding them wilde & vntract-
able, bring them to a good pace, with a gentle rayne, hot with
a sharp spurre, or as the Scihians ruled their slaues not with cruell
weapons, but with the shewe of small whippes. Then uphues
consider with thy selfe what I may be, hot what I haue beene, and
forsake me hot for that I deceiued thee, if thou doe, thy discurtesie
wil breede my destruction.
For as there is no beast that toucheth the hearbe whereon the
/3eare hath brethed, so there is no man that will corne neere him,
vpon whom the suspicion of deceipt is fastened.
Concerning my life passed, I conceale it, though to thee I meane
hereafter to confesse it: yet hath it hot beene so wicked yt thou
shouldest be ashamed, though so infortunate, that I am greeued.
Consider we are in England, where our demeanour will be narrowly
9 nor] or t[rest 19 vnto oto. E test 22 a oto. E test 29 deceiue
E test 56 ashamed] shamed E test
L2

J48 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
marked if we treade a wrie, and our follyes mocked if vse wrangling,
I thinke thou art willing that no such thing shoulde happen, and
I knowe thou art wise to preuent it.
I was of late in the company of diuers gentlewomen, among
whom Camilla was present, who meruailed not a little, that thou 5
soughtest either to absent thy selle of some conceiued iniurie, where
there was none giuen, or of set purpose, bicause thou wouldest
giue one.
I thinke it requisite as well to auoyd the suspicion of malice, as to
shunne yO note of ingratitude, that thou repayre thither, both to o
purge thy selle of the opinion, may be conceiued, and to giue
thanks for the benefits receiued.
Thus assuring my selfe thou wilt aunswere my expectation, and
tenue our olde amitie, I ende, thine assured to commaunde.
_Philautus.

tfilaulus did not sleepe about his busines, but presoetly sent this
letter, thinking that if once he could fasten friendshippe againe
vppon t«phues, that by his meanes he should compasse lais loue
with Camilla, and yet this I durst affirme, that _Philautus was both
willing to haue luphues, and sorrowfull that he lost him by his o
owne lauishnes.
luphues perused this letter oftentimes being in a mammering
what to aunswere, at the last he determined once againe to lie
a loofe, thinking that if _Philautus meant faithfully, he woulde hOt
desist from his suite, and therefore he returned salutations in this 5
manner.
lïuhues lo _Philautus.
Here is an hearbe in India 29hilaulus of plesaunt smell, but
who so c6meth to it feeleth present smart, for that there
breede in it a number of small serpents. And it ma)" be that o
though thy letter be full of sweete words, there breed in thy heart
many bitter thoughts, so that in giuing credite to thy letters, I may
be deceiued with thy leasings.
The Box tree is alwayes greene, but the seede is poyson: Tilia
hath a sweete rinde & a pleasant leafe, but yO fruite so bitter that no $5
beast wil bite it, a dissembler hath euer-more Honnye in his mouth,
t a wrie] awrye A rest we before vse A rest I6 this] hi//rest 5
slutation E rtst 33 leasing 2-/rest 34 Ti|a E rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND J49
and Gall in his minde, whiche maketh me to suspecte their wiles,
though I cannot euer preuent them.
Thou settest downe the office of a friend, which if thou couldst as
well performe as thou canst describe, I woulde be as willing to con-
5 firme out olde league, as I am to beleeue thy newe lawes. Water
that sauoureth nothing (as thou sayest) may bee heated and sca]d
thee, and fire whiche yea]deth to nothing may be quenched, when
thou wouldest warme thee.
So the friende in whome there was no intent to offende, ma N
o thorowe the sinister dealings of his fellowe bee turned to heate,
beeing belote colde, and the faith which wrought like a flame in
him, be quenched and haue no sparke.
The powring of Wine into Firre vessels serueth thee to no purpose,
for if it be good Wine, there is no man so foolish to put into Firre,
5 if bad, who woulde power into better then Firre.
Mustie Caskes are fitte for rotten Grapes, a barrel of poysoned
Iuie is good ynough for a tunne of stinking Oyle, and crueltie
too milde a medicine for crafte
Howe Musitions tune their instruments I knowe, but how a man
ao should retaper his friend I cannot tel, yet oftentimes the string
breaketh that the Musition seeketh to tune, & the friend cracketh
which good counsell shoulde tame, such coltes are to be ridden
with a sharpe snafle, hot with a pleasant bitte, and little wi|l
the Sithian whippe be regarded, where the sharpnes of the sword is
derided.
If thy lucke haue beene infortunate, it is a signe thy liuing hath
hOt beene Godly, for commonly there commeth an yll ende where
there was a naughtie beginning.
But learne 29hilautus to liue hereafter as though thou shouldest
hOt liue at ail, be constant to them that trust thee, & trust them that
thou hast trild, dissemble hOt with thy friend, either for feare to dis-
please him, or for malice to deceiue him, know this yt the best
simples are very simple, if the phisition could hOt applie them, that
precious stones were no better then Pebbles, if Lapidaries did hot
knowe them, that the best friende is worse then a foe, if a man doe
hOt vse him.
Methridate must be taken inwardly, hOt spread on plaisters,
purgations must be vsed like drink, hOt like bathes, the counsaile of
2 quenthed 2ht 14 it before into A test 5 powre At?tlrest:
poure G'- ," a6 haue] bath " 35 that] and E test 37 on] in " test

x48 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
marked if we treade a wrie, and our follyes mocked if vse wrangling,
I thinke thou art willing that no such thing shoulde happen, and
I knowe thou art wise to preuent it.
I was of late in the company of diuers gentlewomen, among
whom Camilla was present, who meruailed not a little, that thou 5
soughtest either to absent thy selle of some conceiued injurie, where
there was none giuen, or of set purpose, bicause thou wouldest
giue one.
I thinke it requisite as well to auoyd the suspicion of malice, as to
shunne yO note of ingratitude, that thou repayre thither, both to 1o
purge thy selle of the opinion, may be conceiued, and to giue
thanks for the benefits receiued.
Thus assuring my selfe thou wilt aunswere my expectation, and
renue out olde amitie, I ende, thine assured to commaunde.
_t:'hilautus.

tElau/us did not sleepe about his busines, but pres6tly sent this
letter, thinking that if once he could fasten friendshippe againe
vppon .Ezh«es, that by his meanes he should compasse his loue
with Camilla, and yet this I durst affirme, that Philau/us was both
willing to haue .uîphues , and sorrowfull that he lost him by his 2o
owne lauishnes.
ahues perused this letter ofientimes being in a mammering
what to aunswere, at the last he determined once againe to lie
a loofe, thinking that if Philautus meant faithfully, he woulde not
desist from his suite, and therefore he returned salutations in this 25
manner.
tuphues fo _t:'hilautus.
Here is an hearbe in India Philautus of plesaunt smell, but
who so c6meth to it feeleth present smart, for that there
breede in it a number of small serpents. And it may be that 30
though thy letter be full of sweete words, there breed in thy heart
many bitter thoughts, so that in giuing credite to thy letters, I may
be deceiued with thy leasings.
The Box tree is alwayes greene, but the seede is poyson : 7"ilia
hath a sweete rinde & a pleasant leafe, but yO fruite so bitter that no 35
beast wil bite it, a dissembler hath euer-more Honnye in his mouth,
I a wrie] awrye dl rest we before vse A rest I6 this] his /test a 5
salutation E rest 33 leasing h' rest 34 Tila E ret

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND J49
and Gall in his minde, whiche maketh me to suspecte their wiles,
though I cannot euer preuent them.
Thou settest downe the office of a friend, which if thou couldst as
well performe as thou canst describe, I woulde be as willing to con-
5 firme our olde league, as I am to beleeue thy newe lawes. Water
that sauoureth nothing (as thou sayest) may bee heated and scald
thee, and tire whiche yealdeth to nothing may be quenched, when
thou wouldest warme thee.
So the friende in whome there was no intent to offende, may
o thorowe the sinister dealings of his fellowe bee turned to heate,
beeing before colde, and the faith which wrought like a flame in
him, be quenched and haue no sparke.
The powring of Wine into Fifre vessels serueth thee to no purpose,
for if it be good Wine, there is no man so foolish to put into Fifre,
:$ if bad, who woulde power into better then Firre.
Mustie Caskes are fitte for rotten Grapes, a barrel of poysoned
Iuie is good ynough for a tunne of stinking Oyle, and crueltie
too milde a medicine for crafte
Howe Musitions tune their instruments I knowe, but how a man
ao should temper his friend I cannot tel, yet oftentimes the string
breaketh that the Musition seeketh to tune, & the friend cracketh
which good counsell shoulde tame, such coltes are to be ridden
with a sharpe snafle, not with a pleasant bitte, and little will
the Sithian whippe be regarded, where the sharpnes of the sword is
$ derided.
If thy lucke haue beene infortunate, it is a signe thy liuing hath
not beene Godly, for commonly there commeth an yll ende where
there was a naughtie beginning.
But leame aPhilautus to liue hereafter as though thou shouldest
30 not liue at all, be constant to them that trust thee, & trust them that
thou hast tricd, dissemble not with thy friend, either for feare to dis-
please him, or for malice to deceiue him, know this yt the best
simples are very simple, if the phisition could not applie them, that
precious stones were no better then Pebbles, if Lapidaries did not
a knowe them, that the best friende is worse then a foe, if a man doe
not vse him.
Methridate must be taken inwardly, not spread on plaisters,
purgations must be vsed like drink, hot like bathes, the counsaile of
quenthed 3/ 4 it belote into .4 .'est b powre ABl-2"rest:
laoure G£" a6 haue] bath 35 that] and test 37 on] ia re,t

5 o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
a friend must be fastened to the minde, not to the eare, followed,
hOt praysed, employed in good iiuing, not taiked off in good
meaning.
I know Philau/us we are in Engld, but I wouid we wer not, not
yt the place is too base, but that we are too bad, & God graunt 5
thou haue done nothing which may turne thee to discredite, or me
to displeasure. Thou sayest thou werte of iate with Camilla, I feare
me too iate, and yet perhaps too soone, I haue alwayes tolde thee,
that she was too high for thee to clymb, & too faire for others to
catch, and too vertuous for any to inueigle, fo
But wiide horses breake high hedges, though they cannot ieap
ouer th6, eager Wolues bark at yo Moone though they cannot
reach it, and [ercurie whisteleth for lesta, though he cannot
winne hir.
For absenting my selle, I hope they can take no cause of offence, S
neither that I knowe have I giuen any. I loue hot tobe bold, yet
would I be welcome, but gestes and fish say we in Atns are euer
stale within three dayes, shortly I will visite them, and excuse my
selle, in the meane season I thinke so well of them, as itis possible
for a man to thinke of women, and how well that is, I appeale to 2o
thee who alwayes madest them no worse then sancts in heauen,
and shrines in no worse place then thy heart.
For aunswering thy suite I ara hOt yet so hastie, for accepting thy
seruice I am not so imperious, for in friendeship there must be an
equalitie of estates, & be that may bee in vs, also a similitude of 25
manners, and that cannot, vnlesse thou learne a newe lesson, and
ieaue the olde, vntill rhich rime I leaue thee, rishing thee rell as
to my selle.
Ehes.

His Letter was written in hast, sent with speed, .& aunswered 30
againe in post. For Philautus seeing so good counsaile could
not proceede of any ili conceipt, thought once againe to sollicite his
friend, and that in such tearmes as he might be most agreeable to
£uhues tune. In this manner.

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND t 5,
"o .Euflhues health in body,
and quietnesse in minde.
N Musicke there are many discords, before there can be framed
a .Diapason, and in contracting of good will, many iarres before
there be established a friendship, but by these meanes, the Musicke
is more sweet, and the amitie more sound. I haue receiued thy
letter, where-in there is as much good counsaile conteined as either
I would wish, or thou thy selfe couldest giue : but euer thou harpest
on that string, which long since was out of tune, but now is broken,
my inconstancie.
Certes my good .Euphues, as I can-not but commend thy wisedome
in making a staye of reconciliation, (for that thou findest so lyttle
stay in me) so can I not but meruayle at thy incredulytie in not
beleeuing me, since that thou seest a reformation in me.
But it maye be thou dealest with me, as the .Philosopher did with
his knife, who being many yeares in making of it, alwayes dealyng
by the obseruation of the starres, caused it at the last to cut the hard
whet-stone, saying that it skilled not how long things were a doing,
but how well they were done.
And thou holdest me off with many delayes, vsing I knowe not
what obseruations, thinking thereby to make me a friend at the last,
that shall laste: I prayse thy good meaning, but I mislyke thy
rigour.
Me, thou shalt vse in what thou wilt, and doe that with a slender
twist, that none can doe with a tough wyth. As for my being with
Camilla, good Euphues, rubbe there no more, least I winch, for deny
I wil not that I ana wroung on the withers.
This one thing touching my selfe I saye, and before him that
seeth ail things I sweare, that heereafter I wil neither dissemble to
delude thee, nor pick quarrells to fall out with thee, thou shalt finde
me constït to one, faithlesse to none, in prayer deuout, in mfiners
reformed, in lyfe chast, in words modest: not framing my fancie to
the humour of loue, but my deedes to the rule of zeale : And such
a man as heere-tofore merilye thou saidest I was, but now truly thou
shalt see I am, and as I know thou art.
Then Euphues appoint the place where we maye meete, and
$ but by these] and by this E' rest 9-o broken by .E rest 3 tan
twice l.ç did] doth E rest 18 skilleth E rest 2I the oto. A rest
, z bnt om. E rest 26 wince ,623 27 ara wrong AB : haue wroong E :
haue wrung /z rest weathers E 29 to] nor E rest 34 man] one E rest

x52 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
reconcile the mindes, which I confesse by mine owne follies were
seuered. And if euer after this, I shall seeme iealous ouer thee, or
blynded towards my selfe, vse me as I deserue, shamefully.
Thus attending thy speedy aunswere, for that delayes are perillous,
especially as my case now standeth. I ende thine euer to vse as $
thine owne.
]hilautus.

Ihues seeing such speedye retourne of an other aunswere,
thought _Philautus to be very sharp set, for to recouer him,
and weighing with himselfe, that often in mariages, ther haue fallen xo
out braules, wher the chiefest loue should be, and yet againe recon-
ciliations, that none ought at any time so to loue, that he should
finde in his heart, at any time to hate: Furthermore, casting in
his minde the good he might doe to _Philau¢us by his friendship,
and the mischiefe that might ensue by his fellowes follye, aunswered 5
him thus agayne speedely, aswell to preuent the course hee might
otherwise take, as also to prescribe what way he should take.

Euhues fo his friend,
29hilaulus.
N Ettells _Philaulus haue no prickells, yet they sting, and wordes 2o
haue no points, yet they pearce: though out-wardlye thou
protest great amendement, yet often-times the softnesse of Wooll,
which the Seres sende sticketh so fast to the skinne, that when one
looketh it shold keepe him warme, it fetcheth bloud, and thy smooth
talke, thy sweete promises, may when I shal thinke to haue them 25
perfourmed to delight me, be a corrosiue to destroy me.
But I wil not cast beyonde the Moone, for that in all things
know there must be a meane.
Thou swearest nowe that thy lyfe shall be leade by my lyne, that
thou 'ilt giue no cause of offence, by thy disorders, nor take anye .o
by my good meaning, which if it bee so, I am as willyng to bee thy
friend, as 1 am to be mine owne.
But this take for a warning, ff euer thou iarre, when thou shouldest
lest, or follow thine owne will, when thou art to heare my counsayle,
then will I depart from thee, and so display thee, as none that is .5
wise shall trust thee, nor any that is honest shall lyue with thee.
6 thine] his GE test ]3 int on. 1t rest 3o prickells] pricks " mst
thou] they " rest 26 corasiue IS rest 27 wil] wll Z 31 my oto.
rest $4 couusayle] counsels Il test 36 or E rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 53
I now ara resolued by thy letter, of that which I was almost
perswaded off, by mine owne conjecture, touching Camilla.
Vhy 29hilautus art thou so mad without acquaintaunce of thy part,
or familiaritie of hirs, to attempt a thing which will hot onely be
a disgrace to thee, but also a discredite to hir ? Thinkest thou thy
selfe either worthy to wooe hir, or she willyng to wedde thee ? either
thou able to frame thy tale to hir content, or shee ready to giue eare
to thy conclusions ?
No, no 29hilaulus, thou art to young to wooe in tngland, though
o olde inough to winne in ltaly, for heere they measure more the man
by the qualyties of his minde, then the proportion of his body.
l'hey are too experte in loue, hauing learned in this time of their
long peace, euery wrinckle that is to be seene or imagined.
Itis neither an iii tale wel tolde, nora good history made better,
15 neither inuention of new fables, nor the reciting of olde, that can
eyther allure in them an appetite to loue, or almost an attention to
heare.
It fareth hOt with them as it doth with those in ltaly, who preferre
a sharpe wit, before sound wisdome, or a proper man before a perfect
2o minde : they lyue hOt by shaddowes, nor feede of the ayre, nor luste
af ter winde. Their loue is hot tyed to Art but reason, hot to the
precepts of Ouid, but to the perswasions of honestie.
But I cannot but meruayle at thy audacitie, that thou diddest
once date to moue hir to loue, whom I alwayes feared to sollicite
25 in questioning, aswel doubting to be grauelled by hir quicke and
readye witte, as to bee confuted, by hir graue and wyse aunsweres.
But thou wilt saye, she was of no great birth, of meaner parentage
then thy selfe. I but 29hilaulus they be most noble who are com-
mended more for their perfection, then their petegree, and let this
3o suffice thee that hir honour consisted in vertue, bewtie, witte, not
bloode, auncestors, antiquitie. But more of this at our next meeting,
where I thinke I shal bee merry to heere the discourse of thy mad-
nesse, for I imagine to my selfe that shee handled thee verye
hardely, considering both the place shee serued in, and the person
35 that serued hir. And sure I ara shee did hot hang for thy mowing.
A 29haenix is no foode for 29hilaulus, that dayntie toothe of thine
must bee pulled out, els wilt thou surfette with desire, and that
I t6y] t6e B Letters E test 4 or] and E test 1 t his rI the
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x5 6 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
What mettall art thou made of hilautu« that thinkest of
nothing but loue, and art rewarded with nothing lesse then loue:
Zucilla was too badde, yet diddest thou court hir, thy sweete heart
now in Vale« is none of the best, yet diddest thou follow hir,
Camilla exceeding ail, where thou wast to haue least hope, thou hast 5
woed hOt without great hazard to thy person, and griefe to naine.
I haue perused hir letters which in my simple iudgment are so far
from alowing thy suit, that they seeme to loath thy seruice. I wil
hOt flatter thee in thy follies, she is no match for thee, nor thou for
hir, the one wanting liuing to mainteine a wife, the other birth to o
aduance an husbande. SutT"us whome I remember thou diddest
naine in thy discourse, I remember in the court a man of great byrth
and noble blood, singuler witte, & rare personage, if he go about to
get credite, I muse what hope thou couldest conceiue to haue a good
countenaunce. Wcll Yghilau/us to set downe precepts against thy 15
loue, will nothing preuaile, to perswade thee to go forward, were
very perillous, for I know in the one loue will regarde no lawes, and
in the other perswasions can purchase no libertie. Thou art too
heddie to enter in where no heed can helpe one out.
2"heseus woulde hOt goe into the Laborinth without a threede that zo
might shew him the way out, neither any wise man enter into the
crooked corners of loue, vnlesse he knew by what meanes he might
get out. Loue which should continue for euer, should not be begon
in an houre, but slowly be taken in bande, and by length of rime
finished : resemblyng Zeuxis, that wise Painter, who in things that ,5
he would haue last long, tooke greatest leasure.
I haue hot forgotten one Mistres .Frauncis, which the Ladye
t;lauia gaue thee for a Uiolet, and by thy discription, though she
be hot equall with Camilla, yet is she fitter for t'hilaulu«. If thy
humour be such that nothing can feede it but loue, cast thy minde 30
on hir, conferre the impossibilytie thou hast to winne Camilla, with
the lykelyhoode thou mayst haue to enioy thy Uiolet : and in this
I will endeauour both my wit and my good will, so that nothing shall
want in mee, that may work ease in thee. Thy violet if she be
honest, is worthy of thee, beautiful thou sayst she is, & therfore too .5
worthy : Hoat tire is hot onely quenched by ye cleere Fountaine, nor
loue onely satisfied by the faire face. Therefore in this tell me thy

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15 preceps//" I8 no]
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x57
minde, yt either we may poceede in that matter, or seeke a newe
medicine. 'Mlaulus thus replyed.
H my good Euphues, I haue neither the power to forsake mine
owne Camilla, nor the heart to deny thy counsaile, itis easie
to fall into a Nette, but hard to get out. Notwithstanding I will goe
against the haire in all things, so I may please thee in anye thing,
O my Camilla. With that uhues stayed him saying.
H E that bath sore eyes must hOt behold the candle, nor he that
would leaue his Loue, fall to the remembring of his Lady,
yo one causeth the eye to smart, the other the heart to bleede, wel
quoth lilautus, I ara content to haue the wounde searched, yet
vnwilling to haue it cured, but sithens that sicke men are hOt to
prescribe diets but to keepe them, I ara redie to take potions, and
if welth serue to paye thee for them, yet one thing maketh to feare,
that in running after two Hares, I catch neither.
And certeinelye quoth 2E«tShues , I knowe manye good Hunters,
that take more delyght to haue the Hare on foote, and neuer catch
it, then to haue no crye and yet kill in the Fourme: where-by
I gesse, there commeth greater delyght in the hunting, then in the
eating. It may be sayd 29hilautus, but I were then verye vnfit for
such pastimes, for what sporte soeuer I haue ail the day, I loue to
haue the gaine in my dish at night.
And trulye aunswered lulOhues, )'ou are worse ruade for a hound
then a hunter, for you marre your sent with carren, before you start
your game, which maketh you hunt oftentimes counter, wher-as if
you had kept it pure, you might ee this time haue tourned the
Hare you winded, and caught the gaine you coursed. Why then
I perceiue quoth ['hilautus, that to talke vdth Gentlewomen, touching
the discourses of loue, to eate with them, to conferre with them, to
laugh with them, is as great pleasure as to enioye them, to the
which thou mayst by some fallacie driue me, but neuer perswade
me : For then were it as pleasaunt to behold fruit, as to eate them,
or to see fayre bread, as to tast it. Thou errest tghilaulus, sayd
Euphues, if thou be hot of that minde, for he that c6meth into fine
gardens, is as much recreated to smell the flower, as to gather it.
And many we see more delyghted with pictures, then desirous to
9 the ont. E test ]2 that] the rest ]4 me belote to * A test 24
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15 8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
be Painters : the effect of loue is faith, not lust, delightfull confer-
ence, hOt detestable concupiscence, which beginneth with folly and
endeth with repentaunce. For mine ovine part I ,xould vdsh
nothing, if againe I should fall into that vaine, then to haue the
company of hir in common conference that I best loued; to heare
hir sober talke, hir wise aunsweres, to behold hir sharpe capacitie,
and to bee perswaded of hir constancie : & in these things do ,,ve
only differ from brute beasts, who haue no pleasure, but in sensuall
appetite. You preach Heresie, quoth thi/autus, and besides so
repugnant to the text you haue taken, that I ara more ready to pull
thee out of thy Pulpit, than to beleeue thy gloses.
I loue the company of women well, yet to haue them in lavffull
Matrimony, I lyke much better, if thy reasons should goe as currant,
then were Loue no torment, for hardlye doeth it fall out with him,
that is denyed the sighte and talke of his Ladye.
Hungry stomackes are not to be fed with sayings against sur-
fettings, nor thirst to be quenched with sentences agaitast drunken-
nesse. To loue women & neuer enioy them, is as much as to loue
wine, & neuer tast it, or to be delighted with faire apparel, & neuer
weare it. An idle loue is that, and fit for him that hath nothing but
eares, that is satisfied to heare hir speak, not desirous to haue him-
selfe speede. Why then luhues, to haue the picture of his Lady,
is as'much, as to enjoy hir presence, and to reade hir letters of as
great force as to heare hir aunsweres : which if it be, my suite in
loue should be as much to the painter to draw hir with an amyable
face, as to my Lady to write an amorous letter, both which, with
little suite being obteined, I may lyue with loue, and neuer wet my
foot, nor breake my sleepes, nor wast my money, nor torment my
minde.
But this worketh as much delyght in the minde of a louer, as the
Apples that hang at 2"antalus nose, or the R.iuer that runneth close
by his chinne.
And in one word, it would doe me no more good, to see my
Lady and hot embrace hir, in the heate of my desire, then to see
tire, and not warme me in the extremitie of my colde.
No, no luphues, thou makest Loue nothing but a continual
wooing, if thou barre it of the effect, and then is it infinite, or if thou

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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND t59
allow it, and yet forbid it, a perpetuall warfare, and then is it
intollerable.
From this opinion no man shall with-drawe mee, that the ende of
fishing is catching, hOt anglying : of birding, taking, not whistlyng :
5 of loue, wedding, hot wooing. Other-wise itis no better then
hanging.
tuphues smilyng to see t9Mlautus so eamest, vrged him againe, in
this manner.

" 7-HY t'lu'lautus, what harme were it in loue, if the heart
xo ¥ ¥ should yeelde his right to the eye, or the fancie his force
to the eare. I haue read of many, & some I know, betweene whom
there was as feruent affection as might be, that neuer desired any
thing, but sweete talke, and continuall company at bankets, at playes,
and other assemblyes, as t9hrigius and t9ieria, whose constant faith
'5 was such, that there was neuer word nor thought of any vncleannesse.
l'gmalion loued his Iuory Image, being enamoured onely by the
sight, & why should not the chast loue of others, be builded rather
in agreeing in heuenly meditations, then temporall actions. Beleeue
me 29hilautus, if thou knewest what it were to loue, thou wouldest
o bee as farre from the opinion thou holdest, as I am.
t9hilautus thinking no greater absurditie to be held in the world
then this, replyed before the other coulde endei as followeth.
N deede tuphues, if the King would resigne his right to his
Legate, then were it hOt amisse for the heart to yeelde to the
u eyes. Thou knowest Euphues that the eye is the messenger of loue,
hot the Master, that the eare is the caryer of newes, the hearte the
disgester. Besides this suppose one haue neither eares to heare his
Ladie speake, nor eyes to see hir beautie, shall he not therefore be
subiect to the impression of loue. If thou aunswere no, I can
$o alledge diuers both deafe and blinde that haue beene wounded, if
thou graunt it, then confesse the heart must haue his hope, which is
neither seeing nor hearing, and what is the thirde ?
Touching t'hr¢gius & t9ier¢a, thinke them both fooles in this, for
he that keepeth a Hen in his house to cackle and hot lay, or a Cocke
35 to crowe and hot to treade, is hot vnlike vnto him that hauing sowen
his wheat neuer reapeth it, or reaping it neuer threasheth it, taking
3 should ? test 9 it oto. E test ,o the s] his ? test ,z desired]
desire E 26 Master, ... is the] Maister : the eare a E test the ] a E rest
9 impressions 2/test 33 Pieria E test : Peria 211-G

x6o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
more pleasure to see faire corne, then to eate fine bread : l:'iKmalion
maketh against this, for Uenus seeing him so earnestly to loue, & so
effectually to pray, graunted him his request, which had he not by
importunate suit obtained, I doubt hOt but he would rather haue
hewed hir in peeces then honoured hir wt passions, & set hir vp 5
in some Temple for an inaage, not kept hir in his house for a wife.
He that desireth onely to talke and viewe without any farther suit, is
hot farre different from him, that liketh to see a paynted rose better
then to smel! to a perfect Uiolet, or to heare a birde singe in a bush,
rather then to haue hir at home in his owne cage. xo
This will I followe, that to pleade for loue and request nothing
but lookes, and to deserue workes, and liue only by words, is as one
should plowe his ground & neuer sowe it, grinde his coulours and
neuer paint, saddle his horse and neuer ryde.
As they were thus c6muning there came from the Ladie _7auia 15
a Gentleman who inuited them both that night to supper, which they
with humble thankes giuen promised to doe so, and till supper time
I leaue them debating their question.
Nowe Gentlewomen in this matter I woulde I knewe your mindes,
and yet I can somewhat gesse at your meaninges, if any of you 2o
shoulde loue a Gentleman of such perfection as you can wish, woulde
it content you onely to heare him, to see him daunce, to marke his
personage, to delight-in his witte, to wonder at all his qualities, and
desire no other solace ? If you like to heare his pleasant voyce to
sing, his fine fingers to play, his proper personage to vndertake any a5
exployt, woulde you couet no more of your loue ? As good it were
to be silent and thinke no, as to blushe and say I.
I must needes conclude with .Philautus, though I shoulde cauill
with .Euhues, that the ende of loue is the full fruition of the partie
beloued, at all times and in ail places. For it cannot followe in 3o
reason, that bicause the sauce is good which shoulde prouoke myne
appetite, therefore I shoulde for-sake the meate for which it was
ruade. ]3eleeue me the qualities of the minde, the bewtie of the
bodie, either in man or woman, are but the sauce to whette our
stomakes, hOt the meate to fill them. For they that liue by the vew 35
of beautie stil looke very leane, and they that feede onely vpon vertue
at boorde, will goe with an hungry belly to bedde.
2 himq them/ x oto oto. E rest cage] trx. in 11 with flrst line of next
laragralh 17 so ora. I rest 23 ail oto. E rest 27 for you belote
to */ test 34 the ont.// test 35 the t ara. B r¢st 'iew A rtst

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
But I will not craue herein your resolute aunswere, bicause be-
tweene them it was not determined, but euery one as he lyketh, and
then-- !
Euphues and tghilautus being nowe againe sent for to the Lady
5 'lauta hir house, they came presently, where they founde the worthy
Gentleman Surius, Camilla, /listres _rauncis, with many other
Gentlemen and Gentlewomen.
At their first entrance doing their duetie, they saluted all the com-
panie, and were welcommed.
o The Lady _lauia entertayned them both very louingly, thanking
tghilaulus for his last company, saying be merry Gentleman, at this
time of the yeare a Uiolette is better then a Rose, and so shee arose
and went hir way, leauing tghilaugus in a muse at hir wordes, vho
before was in a maze at Camillas lookes. Cappttlla came to Euphues
5 in this manner.
I ara sory ujhhues that we haue no greene Rushes, considering
you haue beene so great a straunger, you make me almost to thinke
that of you which comm61y I ara not accustomed to iudge of any,
that either you thought your selfe too good, or our cheere too badde,
2o other cause of absence I cannot imagine, vnlesse seing vs very idle,
you sought meanes to be well imployed, but I pray you hereafter be
bolde, and those thinges x'hich were amisse shall be redressed, for
we will haue Quailes to amende your commons, and some questions
to sharpen your wittes, so that you shall neither finde faulte with
25 your dyot for the grosenesse, nor with your exercise for the easinesse.
As for your fellowe and friende xP]tilault¢s we are bounde to him, for
he would oftentimes see vs, but seldome eate wt vs, which made vs
thinke that he cared more for our company, then our meat.
Euphues as one that knewe his good, aunswered hir in this wise.
3o Fayre Ladye, it were vnseemely to strewe grene rushes for his
comming, whose companie is hot worth a strawe, or to accompt him
a straunger whose boldenesse hath bin straunge to all those that
knew him to be a straunger.
The smal abilitie in me to requite, compared wt the great cheere
3 I receiued, might happlie make me refraine which is contrary to your
conjecture: Neither was I euer so busied in any weightie affaires,
whiche I accompted not as lost time in respect of the exercise
-3 lyketh and then. allprevious eds. 8 the] his Erest - Gentleman
at .. yeare, a [' 19 our] yot;r " rest 25 the 2 on i 1 test 35 happely
B : happdy E-625 : laaply 63o-36 36 Neitlaer GE test : Wlaetla¢ xIAB

x62 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
I alwayes founde in your company, whiche maketh me thinke that
your latter objection proceeded rather to conuince mee for a treuant,
then to manyfest a trueth.
As for the Quailes you promise me, I tan be content with beefe,
and for the questions they must be easie, els shall I hot answere thê,
for my wit will shew with what grosse diot I haue beene brought vp,
so that conferring my rude replyes with my base birth, you will
thinke that meane che.are will serue me, and resonable questions
deceiue me, so that I shall neither finde fault for my repast, nor
fauour for my reasons. 29hilautus in deede taketh as much delight
in good companie as in good cates, who shall answere for him-selfe,
with that _Philautus saide.
Truely OEamt'lla where I thinke my selfe welcome I loue to bee
bolde, and when my stomake is filled I care for no meat, so that
I hope you will not blame if I came often and eate little.
I doe not blame you by my faith quoth Camilla, you mistake mee,
for the oftener you come the better welcome, and the lesse you eate,
the more is saued.
Much ta]ke passed which being onely as it were a repetition of
former thinges, I omitte as superfluous, but this I must note, that
Camilla earnesfly desired Surius to be acquainted with tïuih»es , who
very willingly accomplished hir request, desiring tïuihues for the
good report he had harde of him, that he woulde be as bolde with
him, ks with any one in Englande, tïuihues humbly shewing his
duetie, promised also as occasion should serue, to trye him.
It now grew toward Supper rime, when the table being couered,
and the meate serued in, Ladye l;lauia placed Surius ouer against
Camilla and 29hilaulus next Mistres l;raunds, she tooke uihues
and the rest, & placed thê in such order, as she thought best. VChat
cheere they had I know not, what talke they vsed, I heard not: but
Supper being ended, they sate still, the Lady l;lauia speaking as
followeth.

G Entlemen and Gentlewomen these Lenten Euenings be long,
and a shame it were to goe to bedde: colde they are, and
therefore follye it were to walke abroad : to p/ay at Cardes is common,
at Chestes tedious, at Dice vnseemely, with Christmasse gaines,
vntimely. In my opinion therefore, to passe awaye these long nights,

* 5 me, belote if A test come A rest ] ' the ' ont. E 2 3 heard
A rat $6 Chesse F test

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 63
I would haue some pastime that might be pleasaunt, but not vn-
profitable, rare, but not without reasoning : so shall we all accompt
the Euening we]l spent, be if neuer so long, which other-wise would
be tedious, were if neuer so short.
Suus the best in the companye, and therefore best worthy fo
aunswere, and the wisest, and therefore best able, replyed in this
manner.

Ood Madame, you haue preuêted my request with your owne, for
as the case now standeth, there ean be nothing either more
agreeable to my humour, or these Gentlewomens desires, then tovse
some discourse, aswell to tenue olde traditions, which haue bene
heertofore v.sed, as to encrease friendship, which hath bene by the
meanes of certeine odde persons defaced. Euery one gauehis
consent with Surius, yeelding the choyce of that nights pastime, to
the discretion of the Ladie t;laMa who thus proposed hir minde.
Your taske Surius shall be to dispute wyth Camilla, and chose
your owne argumente, _PMlautus shall argue with mistresse _Fraunds,
AIartius wyth my selfe. And all hauing finished their discourses,
lulues shal be as iudge, who hath done best, and whatsoeuer he
shal allot eyther for reward, to the worthiest, or for penance to the
worst, shal be presently aceomplished. This liked them ail exceed-
ingly. And thus Surius with a good greace, and pleasaunt speache,
beganne to enter the listes with Camilla.

'Aire Ladie, you knowe I flatter hOt, I haue reade that the sting
2 of an Aspe were incurable, had not nature giuen them dimme
eyes, & the beautie of a woman no lesse infectious, had not nature
bestowed vpon them gentle hearts, which maketh me ground my
reason vpon this c6mon place, that beautiful women are euer merci-
full, if mercifull, vertuous, if vertuous constant, if constant, though
3o no more than goddesses, yet no lesse than Saintes, ail these things
graunted, I vrge my question without condition.
If Camilla, one wounded with your beautie (for vnder that naine
I comprehende all other vertues) shold sue to open his affection,
serue to trie it, and driue you to so narrow a point, that were you
35 neuer so incredulous, he should proue it, yea so farre to be from
suspition of deceite, that you would confesse he were cleare from

,o humour] honor
vncurable ' rest 26 of women // test

20 to ] vntd'" rest 25
27 on t:rest

x64 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
distrust, what aunsweare woulde you make, if you gaue your consent,
or what excuse if you deny hys curtesie.
Camilla who desired nothing more than to be questioning with
S«rius, with a modest countenaunce, yet somewhat bashefull (which
added more commendation to hir speache then disgrace) replyed in
thys manner.

Hough ther be no cause noble gentleman to suspect an iniurie
where a good turne hath bene receyued, )'et is it wisdome to be
carefull, what aunswere bee made, where the question is difficult.
I haue hearde that the Torteise in India whenthe Sunne shineth, o
swimmeth aboue the water wyth hyr back, and being delighted with
the faire weather, forgetteth hir selfe vntill the heate of the Sunne so
harden hir shell, that she cannot sincke when she woulde, whereby
she is caught. And so maye it fare with me, that in this good com-
panye, displaying my minde, hauing more regarde to my delight in 5
talkyng, then to the eares of the hearers, I forget what I speake and
so be taken in some thing, I shoulde not vtter, whiche happilye the
itchyng eares of young gentlemen woulde so canuas, that when
I woulde call it in, I cannot, and so be caughte with the Torteise,
'hen I would not. 2o
Therefore if any thing be spoken eyther vnwares or vniustly, I am
to craue pardon for both : hauyng but a weake memorie, and a worse
witte, which you can not denye me, for that we saye, women are to
be borne withall if they offende againste theyr wylles, and not muche
to be blamed, if they trip with theyr willes, the one proceeding of 25
forgetfulnesse, the other, of their natural weakenesse, but to the
matter.

F my beautie (whiche God knowes how simple it is) shoulde
entangle anye wyth desyre, then shold I thus thinke, yt either
he were enflamed wt lust rather then loue (for yt he is moued by my 3o
countenance not enquiring of my conditions,) or els that I gaue
some occasion of lightnesse, bicause he gathereth a hope to speede,
where he neuer had the heart to speake. But if at the last I should
perceiue, that his faith were tried lyke golde in the tire, that his
affection proceeded from a minde to please, not from a mouth to 35
delude, then would I either aunswer his loue with lyking, or weane

2 hys] your E test 3 who desiring E 8 it is E o Tortoise
Fr,st 17 I would G: the which I would E rest t 9 Tortoise I:rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAIqD 6 5
him from it by reason. For I hope sir you will net thinke this, but
that there should be in a woman aswell a tongue te deny, as in
a man te desire, that as men haue reason te lyke for beautie, whee
they loue, se women haue wit te refuse for sundry eatases, where they
5 loue net.
Other-wise were we bounde te such an inconuenience, that
whosoeuer serued vs, we shou]d aunswere his suite, when in euery
respect we mislyke his conditions, se that Nature might be sayd te
frame vs for others humours net for out owne appetites. Wherêin
te te seine we should be thought very courteous, but te the most
scarce honest. For mine owne part if ther be any thing in me te be
]yked of any, I thinke it reason te bestow on such a one, as bath
aise somewhat te content me, se that where I knowe my selfe loued,
and doe loue againe, I woulde vppon iust tr3"all of his constancie,
t5 take him.
Surius with-out any stoppe or long pause, replyed presentty.

, dy if the Torteyse you spake off in India, wer as cunning in
swimming, as you are in speaking, hec would neither feare the
heate of the Sunne, ner the ginne of the Fisher. But that excuse
2o was brought in, rather te shewe what you could say, then te craue
pardon, for that you haue sayd. But te your aunswere.
What your beautie is, I will net heere dispute, least either your
modest eares shoulde glowe te heare your owne prayses, or my
smoth tongue trippe in being curious te your perfection, se that what
25 I cannot commende suflîciently, I will net cease continually te
meruaile at. You wander in one thing out of the way, where you
say that many are enflamed with the countenance, net enquiring of
the conditions, when this position was before grounded, that there
was none beautifull, but she was also mercifull, and se drawing by
3o the face of hir bewtie all other morrall verrues, for as one ring being
touched with the Loadstone draweth another, and that his fellow, til
it corne te a chaine, se a Lady endewed with bewtie, pulleth on
curtesie, curtesie mercy, and one vertue linkes it selfe te another,
"¢atill there be a rare perfection.
3 Besîdes touching your owne ]ightnesse, you must net imagine that
loue breedeth in the heart of man by your ]ookes, but by his owne
4 Euen belote se E test 9 appetite E test ]o te (bfs)] cf./L 84,/. 27
13 te... me] tentent te me// ]7 Tortoise J¢rest speake E test 2-our
E test 30 face se ail Q_y. ?force tf. vol i. 1. 265, L 32 ring] thing
GE-I6$t : linke ]636

x64 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
distrust, what aunsweare woulde you make, if you gaue your consent,
or what excuse if you deny hys curtesie.
Camilla who desired nothing more than to be questioning with
.S)trius, with a modest countenaunce, yet somewhat bashefull (which
added more commendation to hir speache then disgrace) replyed in
thys manner.

Hough ther be no cause noble gentleman to suspect an injurie
where a good turne bath bene receyued, yet is it wisdome to be
carefull, what aunswere bec made, where the question is difficult.
I haue hearde that the Torteise in rndia whenthe Sunne shineth, Io
swimmeth aboue the water wyth hyr back, and being delighted with
the faire weather, forgetteth hir selfe vntill the heate of the Sunne so
harden hir shell, that she cannot sincke when she woulde, whereby
she is caught. And so maye it fare with me, that in this good com-
panye, displaying my minde, hauing more regarde to my delight in J5
talkyng, then to the eares of the hearers, I forget what I speake and
so be takn in some thing, I shoulde hot vtter, whiche happilye the
itchyng eares of young gentlemen woulde so canuas, that when
I woulde call it in, I cannot, and so be caughte with the Torteise,
when I wou]d hot. ao
Therefore if any thing be spoken eyther vnwares or vniustly, I am
to craue pardon for both : hauyng but a weake memorie, and a worse
witte, which you can hOt denye me, for that we saye, women are to
be borne xvithall if they offende againste theyr wylles, and hOt muche
to be blamed, if they trip with theyr willes, the one proceeding of25
forgetfulnesse, the other, of their natural weakenesse, but to the
matter.

F my beautie (whiche God knowes how simple it is) shoulde
entangle anye wyth desyre, then shold I thus thinke, yt either
he were enflamed wt lust rather then loue (for yt he is moued by my 3o
countenance hOt enquiring of my conditions,) or els that I gaue
some occasion of lightnesse, bicause he gathereth a hope to speede,
where he neuer had the heart to speake. But if at the last I should
perceiue, that his faith were tried lyke golde in the tire, that his
affection proceeded from a minde to please, hOt from a mouth to 35
delude, then would I either aunswer his loue with lyking, or weane

a hys] your E res! 3 who desiring E 8 it is E Io Tortoise
lrr,-st 17 I would G: the which I would Erest 9 Tortoise lrest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 6 5
him from it by reason. For I hope sir you will hOt thinke this, but
that there should be in a woman aswell a tongue to deny, as in
a man to desire, that as men haue reason to lyke for beautie, where
they loue, so women haue wit to refuse for sundry eaases, where they
loue hOt.
Other«vise were we bounde to sueh an inconuenien¢e, tbat
whosoeuer serued vs, we should aunswere his suite, when in euery
respect we mislyke his conditions, so that Nature might be sayd to
frame vs for others humours hot for our owne appetites. Wherein
to some we should be thought very courteous, but to the most
scarce honest. For mine owne part if ther be any thing in me tobe
lyked of an),, I thinke it reason to bestow on sueh a one, as hath
also somewhat to content me, so that where I knowe my selle loued,
and doe loue againe, I woulde vppon iust tryall of his constancie,
take him.
._çurius with-out any stoppe or long pause, replyed presentty.

Ady if the Torteyse you spake off in I»dia, wer as cunning in
swimming, as you are in speaking, hee would neither feare the
heate of the Sunne, nor the ginne of the Fisher. But that excuse
ao was brought in, rather to shewe 'hat you could say, then to craue
pardon, for that you haue sayd. But to your aunswere.
What your beautie is, I will not heere dispute, least either your
modest eares shoulde glowe to heare your owne prayses, or my
smoth tongue trlppe in being curious to your perfection, so that what
25 I cannot commende sufficiently, I will hOt cease continually to
meruaile at. You wander in one thing out of the way, where you
say that many are enflamed with the countenance, hOt enqulring of
the conditions, when this position was before grounded, that the.re
was none beautifull, but she was also mercifull, and so drawing by
30 the face of hir bewtie all other morrall verrues, for as one ring being
touched with the Loadstone draweth another, and that his fellow, til
it corne to a chaine, so a Lady endewed with bewtie, pulleth on
curtesie, curtesie mercy, and one vertue linkes it selfe to another,
vatill there be a rare perfection.
aS Besides touching your owne lightnesse, you must hOt imagine that
loue breedeth in the heart of man by your lookes, but by his owne
4 Euen efore so E test 9 appetite E test o to (Ms)] of/,. 84, l. 27
3 to... me] tontent to me A 17 Tortoise Frest speake E ret a-or
E test 3o face w ail. Q_y. ?force f. vol i. 2#. 265, L 32 ring] thing
G/ï-I63t : linke t636

x64 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
distrust, what aunsweare woulde you make, if you gaue your consent,
or what excuse if you deny h)'s curtesie.
Camilla who desired nothing more than to be questioning with
Sert'ce, with a modest countenaunce, yet somewhat bashefull (which
added more commendation to hir speache then disgrace) replyed in
thys manner.

Hough ther be no cause noble gentleman to suspect an injurie
where a good turne hath bene receyued, yet is it wisdome to be
carefull, what aunswere bee ruade, where the question is difficult.
I haue hearde that the Torteise in rndia whenthe Sunne shineth, o
swimmeth aboue the water wyth hyr back, and being delighted with
the faire weather, forgetteth hir selle vntill the heate of the Sunne so
harden hir shell, that she cannot sincke when she woulde, whereby
she is caught. And so maye it rare with me, that in this good com-
panye, displaying my minde, hauing more regarde to my delight in $
talkyng, then to the eares of the hearers, I forget what I speake and
so be taken in some thing, I shoulde not vtter, whiche happilye the
itchyng eares of young gentlemen woulde so canuas, that when
I woulde call it in, I cannot, and so be caughte with the Torteise,
vhen I would not. ,o
Therefore if any thing be spoken eyther vnwares or vniusfly, I ara
to craue pardon for both : hauyng but a weake memorie, and a worse
witte, which you tan hOt denye me, for that we saye, women are to
be borne withall if they offende againste theyr wylles, and not touche
to be blamed, if they trip with theyr willes, the one proceeding of '5
forgetfulnesse, the other, of their natural weakenesse, but to the
matter.

F my beautie (whiche God knowes how simple it is) shoulde
entangle anye wyth desyre, then shold I thus thînke, yt either
he were enflamed wt lust rather then loue (for yt he is moued by my o
countenance hOt enquiring of my conditions,) or els that I gaue
some occasion of lightnesse, bicause he gathereth a hope to speede,
where he neuer had the heart to speake. But if at the last I should
perceiue, that his faith were tried lyke golde in the tire, that his
affection proceeded from a minde to please, hOt from a mouth to 35
delude, then would I either aunswer his loue with lyking, or weane

a hys] your a test 3 who desifing E 8 it is a o Tortoise
Fr,st 7 I would G: the which I would / test t9 Tortoise rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 6 5
him from it by reason. For I hope sir you will hOt thinke this, but
that there should be in a woman aswell a tongue to deny, as in
a man to desire, that as men haue reason to lyke for beautie, where
they loue, so women haue wit to refuse for sundry eatases, where they
loue hOt.
Other-wise were we bounde to such an inconuenience, that
whosoeuer serued vs, we should aunswere his suite, when in euery
respect we mislyke his conditions, so that Nature might be sayd to
frame vs for others humours hOt for our owne appetites. Wherein
to some we should be thought very courteous, but to the most
scarce honest. For mine owne part if ther be any thing in me to be
]yked of any, I thinke it reason to bestow on such a one, as hath
also somewhat to content me, so that where I knowe my selfe loued,
and doe loue againe, I woulde vppon iust tryall of his constancie,
take him.
Surius with-out any stoppe or long pause, replyed presently.

dY if the Torteyse you spake off in 2"ndia, wer as cunning in
swimming, as you are in speaking, hee would neither feare the
heate of the Sunne, nor the ginne of the Fisher. But that excuse
was brought in, rather to shewe what you could say, then to craue
pardon, for that you haue sayd. But to your aunswere.
What your beautie is, I will hOt heere dispute, least either your
modest eares shoulde glowe to heare your owne prayses, or my
smoth tongue trippe in being curious to your perfection, so that what
I cannot commende sufficiently, I will hOt cease continually to
meruaile at. You wander in one thing out of the way, where you
say that many are enflamed with the countenance, hot enquiring of
the conditions, when this position was before grounded, that there
was none beautifull, but she was also mercifull, and so drawing by
the face of hir bewtie all other morrall vertues, for as one ring being
touched with the Loadstone draweth another, and that his fellow, til
it come to a chaine, so a Lady endewed with bewtie, pulleth on
curtesie, curtesie mercy, and one verrue linkes it selfe to another,
vatill there be a rare perfection.
Besides touching your owne lightnesse, you must hot imagine that
loue breedeth in the heart of man by your lookes, but by his owne
4 Euen belote so E test 9 appefite E rest lo to (bis)] of.p. 84, L 27
13 to... me] tontent to me .4 7 Tortoise Frest speake 2/test 21"-our
E rest 30 faee so all. Qy. ? force cf. vol. i. 2#. 265, L 32 ring]thing
G-I63t : linke 636

166 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
eyes, neyther by your wordes when you speake wittily, but by his
owne eares, which conceiue aptly. So that were you dumbe and
coulde hot speak, or blinde and coulde not see, yet shoulde you be
beloued, which argueth plainely, that the eye of the man is the
arrow, the bewtie of the woman the white, which shooteth not, but 5
receiueth, being the patient, hot the agent : vppon triall you confesse
you woulde trust, but what triall you require you conceale, whiche
maketh me suspect that either you woulde haue a triall without
meane, or without end, either hot to bee sustained being impossible,
or hOt to be fynished being infinite. Wherein you would haue one lO
runne in a circle, where there is no way out, or builde in the ayre,
where there is no meanes howe.
This triall Camilla must be sifted to narrower pointes, least in
seeking rb trie your louer like a Ienet, you tyre him like a Iade.
Then you require this libertie (which truely I tan hOt denie you) I5
that you may haue the choyce as well to refuse, as the man hath to
off.er, requiring by that reason some quallities in the person you would
bestow your loue on: yet craftily hyding what properties eyther
please you best, or like woemen well: where-in againe you moue
a doubt, whether personage, or welth, or witte, or ail are to be 2o
required: so that what 'ith the close tryall of his fayth, and the
subtill wishinge of his quallities, you make eyther your Louer so holy,
that for fayth hee must be ruade all of trueth, or so exquisite that for
shape hee must be framed in wax : which if it be your opinion, the
beautie you haue will be withered belote you be wedded, and your 2.
wooers good old Gentlemen belote they be speeders.
Camilla hOt permitting Surius to leape ouer the hedge, which she
set for to keepe him in, with a smiling countenaunce shaped him
this aunswer.

F your position be graunted, that where beautie is, there is also 30
vertue, then myght you adde that where a fayre flower is, there
is also a sweete sauour, which how repugnant it is to our common
experience, there is none but knoweth, and how contrary the other
is to trueth, there is none but seeth. Why then do you hOt set
downe this for a rule x'hich is as agreeable to reason, that Rhodo2be 35
beeing beautifull (if a good complection and fayre fauour be tearmed
beautie) was also vertuous ? that Zais excelling was also honest ? that

8 to before suspect E test *3 narrow E test *4 tf)' E//'-x6$x : tire F
35 Rodophe E rcsl

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x6 7
Phrine surpassing them both in beaufie, was also curteous ? But it
is a reason among your Phiiosophers, that the disposition of the
minde, followeth the composition of the body, how true in arguing
it maye bee, I knowe not, how false in tryall it is, who knoweth not ?
Beautie, though it bee amiable, worketh many things contrarye to
hir fayre shewe, not vnlyke vnto Syluer, which beeing white, draweth
blacke lynes, or resembling the tall trees in 1da which allured many
to rest in them vnder their shadow, and then infected them with
their sent.
Nowe where-as you sette downe, that loue commeth not from the
eyes of the woeman, but from the glaunces of the man (vnder
correction be it spoken) it is as farre from the trueth, as the head
from the toe. For were a Lady blinde, in what can she be beautifull?
if dumbe, in what manifest hir witte ? when as the eye hath euer
bene thought the Pearle of the face, and the tongue the Ambassadour
of the heart ? If ther were such a Ladie in this company Surius,
that should wincke with both eyes when you would haue hir see
your amorous lookes, or be no blabbe of hir tongue, when you would
haue aunswere of your questions, I can-not thinke, that eyther hir
vertuous conditions, or hir white and read complection coulde moue
you to loue.
Although this might somwhat procure your liking, that doirg what
you lyst shee will not see it, and speaking what you would, she will
hOt vtter it, two notable vertues and rare in our sex, patience and
silence.
But why talke I about Ladyes that haue no eies, when there is no
manne that will loue them if hee him-selfe haue eyes. More reason
there is to wooe one that is doumbe, for that she can-not deny your
suite, and yet hauing eares to heare, she may as well giue an answer
with a signe, as a sentence. But to the purpose.
Loue commeth not from him that loueth, but from the partie
loued, els must hee make his loue vppon no cause, and then it is
lust, or thinke him-selfe the cause, and then it is no loue. Then
must you conclude thus, if there bee not in woemen the occasion,
they are fooles to trust men that praise them, if the cause bee in
them, then are not men wise to arrogate it to themselues.
It is the eye of the women that is ruade of Adamant, the heart
a amongst E rest 8 in oto. E rest 7 her before eyes E rtst would]
should trest t 9 hir belote answere AE rest to tE rest ao eon-
dititions 3I red/3 rest a8 dumbe A test 32 take ABE r«st 37
woman E test

768 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
of the man that is framed of yron, and I cannot thinke you wil say
that the vertue attractiue is in the yron which is drawen by force,
but in the Adamant that searcheth it perforce.
And this is the reason that many men haue beene entangl'ed
against their wills with loue, and kept in it with their wills.
¥ou knowe Stries that the tire is in the flinte that is striken, hot
in the steele that striketh, the light in the Sunne that lendeth, not
in the Moone that boroweth, the loue in the woman that is serued,
not in the man that sueth.
The similitude you brought in of the arrowe, flewe nothing right
to beautie, wherefore I must shute that shafte at your owne brest.
For if the eye of man be the arrow, & beautie the white (a faire mark
for him that draweth in cupids bow) then must it necessarily ensue,
that the archer desireth with an ayme to hitte the white, not the
white the arrowe, that the marke allureth the archer, not the shooter
the marke, and therfore is lénus saide in one eye to haue two
Apples, which is cmonly applied to those that witch with the eyes,
not to those that wooe with their eyes.
Touching tryall, I ana neither so foolish to desire thinges impos-
sible, nor so frowarde to request yt which hath no ende. But wordes
shall neuer make me beeleeue without workes, least in following
a faire shadowe, I loose the firme substance, and in one worde to
set downe the onely triall that a Ladie requireth of hir louer, it is
this, that he performe as much as he sware, that euery othe be
a deede, euery gloase a gospell, promising nothing in his talke, that
he performe not in his triall.
The qualities that are required of the minde are good conditions,
as temperance not to exceede in dyot, chastitie not to sinne in desire,
eonstancie not to couet chaunge, witte to delight, wisdome to instruct,
myrth to please without offence, and modestie to gouerne without
presisenes.
Concerning the body, as there is no Gentlewoman so curious to
haue him in print, so is there no one so careles to haue him a wretch,
onlye his right shape to shew him a man, his Christêdom to proue
his faith, indifferent wealth to maintaine his family, expecting al
things necessary, nothing superfluous. And to conclude with you
Surius, vnlesse I might haue such a one, I had as leaue be buried

3 sercethl
the E rest
Erest

and hot to those A : and hot those/?: hot those rtst
to oto. 211- $ glospell 21I $3 there is

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND J6 9
as maried, wishing rather to haue no beautie and dye a chast virgin,
then no ioy and liue a cursed wife.
Surius as one daunted hauing little to aunswere, yet delighted to
heare hir speak, with a short speech vttered these words.
]" Perceiue Ca»fflla, that be your cloath neuer so badde it will
I
take some colour, & your cause neuer so false, it will beare
some shew of probabilytie, wherein you manifest the right nature of
a woman, who hauing no way to winne, thinketh to ouercome with
words. This I gather by your aunswere, that beautie may haue
faire leaues, & foule ffuite, yt al that are amiable are hOt honest,
that loue proceedeth of the womans perfection, and the mans follies,
that the triall loked for, is to performe whatsoeuer they promise,
that in minde he be vertuous, in bodye comelye, suche a husband in
my opinion is to be wished for, but not looked for. Take heede
Camilla, that seeking al the Woode for a streight sticke you chuse
hot at the last a crooked staffe, or prescribing a good counsaile to
others, thou thy selfe follow the worst: much lyke to Chius, who
selling the best wine to others, drank him selfe of the lees.
Truly quoth Camilla, my Wooll was blacke, and therefore it could
take no other colour, and my cause good, and therefore admitteth
no cauill : as for the rules I set downe of loue, they were hot coyned
of me, but learned, and being so truc, beleeued. If my fortune bec
so yll that serching for a wande, I gather a camocke, or selling wine
to other, I drinke vineger my selfe, I must be content, that of yO
worst poore helpe patience, which by so much the more is to be
borne, by howe much the more it is perforce.
As Sttritts was speaking, the Ladie t;lauia preuented him, saying,
it is rime that you breake off your speach, least we haue nothing to
speak, for should you wade anye farther, you 'oulde both waste the
night and leaue vs no rime, and take our reasons, and leaue vs no
matter, that euery one therefore may say some vhat, we commaunde
you to cease, that you haue both sayd so well, we giue you thankes.
Thus letting Surius and Camilla to vhisper by themselues (vhose
talke we wil not heare) the Lady began in this manner to greet
3l[artius.
We see 3[artius that where young folkes are they treat of loue,
when souldiers meete they confere of warre, painters of their
IO not belote amiable ' 16 describing ' test 17 not belote tbe " test
8 ofom. Erest uo admittedErest uu true beleeued bi a4-5 that...
helpe] so ai1. Qv. ? that poore helpe of y* worst, but cf. note 35 Mati,as 3I

t To EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
cou}ours. Musitians of their crochets, and euery one talketh of that
most he liketh best. Whieh seeing it is so, it behoueth vs yt haue
more yeres, to haue more wisdome, hOt to measure our talk by the
affections we haue had, but by those we should haue.
In this therefore I woulde know thy minde whether it be conue- $
nient for women to haunt such places where Gentlemen are, or for
men to haue accesse to gentlewomen, which me t'hinketh in reason
eannot be tollerable, knowing yt there is nothing more pernieious to
either, then loue, & that loue breedeth by nothing sooner then
lookes. They that feare water will corne neere no wells, they that io
stande in dreade of burning flye from the tire : and ought not they
that woulde hOt be entangled with desire to refraine eompany?
If loue haue ye panges which the passionate set downe, why do
they hot abstaine from the cause ? if it be pleasat why doe they
dispraise it.
We shunne the place of pestilence for feare of infection, the eyes
of Ca¢obleias, bicause of diseases, the sight of the Baszlisk, for
dreade of death, and shall wee not eschewe the companie of them
that may entrappe vs in loue, which is more bitter then any
distruction ?
If we flye theeues that steale out goods, shall wee followe mur-
therers y cut our throates ? If we be heedie to corne where Waspes
be, least we be stong, shal wee hazarde to runne where CzM is,
where we shall bee stifeled ? Truely «[artius in my opinion there
is nothing either more repugnant to reason, or abhorring from nature, $
then to seeke that we shoulde shunne, leauing the cleare streame to
drinke of the muddye ditch, or in the extremitie of heate to lye in
the parching Sunne, when he may sleepe in the colde shadow or
being free from fancy, to seeke after loue, which is as much as to
coole a hott Liuer with strong wine, or to cure a weake stomake 3o
with raw flesh. In this I would heare thy sentence, induced ye
rather to this discourse, for that Surius and Camilla haue begunne
it, then that I like it: Loue in mee hath neither power to com-
maunde, nor perswasion to entreate. VChich how idle a thing it is,
and how pestilent to youth, I partly knowe, and you I ara sure c.an 35
gesse.
Mrartiu not very young to discourse of these matters, yet desirous
Io bookes .4 17 Catoblepas] doubtfully emending Cathritiuss
Catheri«mes ABG: Catharismes E test 8 feare E test x stale B
aa heedie so ail a8 vie " test 3a haue] hath . 33 neuer test
37 those//

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND XTt
to vtter his minde, whether it were to flatter Surius in his will, or
to make triall of the Ladies witte: Began thus to frame his
aunswere.
Adame, ther is in $hio the Image of Zgiana, which to those
5 that enter seelneth sharpe and sower, but returning after
their suites made, loketh with a merrie and pleasaunt countenaunce.
And it maye bee that at the entraunce of my discourse yee will
bende your browes as one displeased, but hearing my proofe be
delighted and satisfied.
io The question you moue, is whether it be requisite, that Gentlemen
and Gentlewomen should meete. Truly among Louers it is conue-
nient to augment desire, am6gst those that are firme, necessary to
maintaine societie. For to take away ail meeting for feare of loue,
were to kindle amongst ail, the tire of hate. There is greater
i daunger Madame, by absence, which breedeth melancholy, then by
presence, which engendreth affection.
If the sight be so perillous, that the company shold be barred,
why then admit you those to see banquets, that may there-by surfer,
or surfer them to eate their meate by a candle that haue sore eyes ?
2o To be seperated from one I loue, would make me more constant,
and to keepe company with hir I loue not, would not kindle desire.
Loue commeth as well in at the eares, by the report of good condi-
tions, as in at the eyes by the amiable countenaunce, which is the
cause, that diuers haue loued those they neuer saw, & seene those
25 they neuer loued.
ou alleadge that those that feare drowning, corne neere no wells,
nor they that dread burning, neere no tire. Why then let them stand
in doubt also to washe their handes in a shallow brooke, for that
Serapus fallying into a channell was drowned : & let him that is
30 colde neuer warme his hands, for that a sparke fell into the eyes of
,4ctina, whereoff she dyed. Let none corne into the companye of
women, for that diuers haue bene allured to loue, and being refused,
haue vsed vyolence to them-selues.
Let this be set downe for a law, that none walke abroad in the
35 daye but men, least meeting a beautifull woman, he fall in loue, and
loose his lybertie.
I thinke Madam you will hOt be so precise, to cut off al conferr-
ence, bicause loue commeth by often communication, which if you
a witte ara. E rest 5 seeme G 4 anaong E r¢sl 26 that rI ail E r«st

7 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
do, let vs all now presentlye departe, least in seeing the beautie
which daseleth out eies, and hearing the wisdom which tickleth out
ears, we be enflamed with loue.
But you shall neuer beate the Flye from the Candell though he
burne, nor the Quaile from Hemlocke though it bee poyson, nor $
the Louer from the companye of his Lady though it be perillous.
It falleth out sundry tymes, that company is the cause to shake off
loue, working the effects of the roote Rubarbe, which beeinge full of
choler, purgeth choler, or of the Scorpions sting, which being full of
poyson, is a remedy for poyson, to
But this I conclude, that to barre one that is in loue of the
companye of his lady, maketh him rather madde, then mortified,
for him to refraine that netter knewe loue, is eyther to suspect him
of folly with-out cause, or the next way for him to fall into folly
when he knoweth the cause. $
A Louer is like ye hearb tfeliotroiium, which alwaies enclyneth to
that place where the Sunne shineth, and being depriued of the Sunne,
dieth. For as Zunaris hearbe, as long as the Moone waxeth, bringeth
forth leaues, and in the waining shaketh them of: so a Louer whilst
he is in the company of his Lady, wher al ioyes encrease, vttereth o
manye pleasaunt conceites, but banyshed from the sight of his
Mistris, where all mirth decreaseth, eyther lyueth in Melancholie, or
dieth with desperafion.
The Lady Flauia speaking in his cast, proceeded in this manner.

Ruely 3Iartius I had hot thought that as yet your coltes tooth 25
stucke in your mouth, or that so olde a trewant in loue, could
hether-to remember his lesson. You seeme hOt to inferre that it is
requisite they should meete, but being in loue that it is conuenient,
least falling into a mad moode, they pine in their owne peuishnesse.
Why then let it follow, that the Drunckarde which surfeiteth with $o
wine be alwayes quaffing, bicause hee liketh it, or the Eicure which
glutteth him-selfe 'ith meate be euer eating, for that it contenteth
him, hOt seeking at any rime the meanes to redresse their vices, but
to renue them. But it fareth with the Louer as it doth with him
that powreth in much wine, who is euer more thirsfie, then he that $$
drinketh moderately, for hauing once tasted the delightes of loue, he

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x73
desireth most the thing that hurteth him most, hot laying a playster
to the v¢ounde, but a corasiue.
I am of this minde, that if it bee daungerous, to laye Flaxe to the
lyre, Salte to the eyes, Sulhure to the nose, that then it can-not bee
s but perillous to let one Louer corne in presence of the other. Surius
ouer-hearing the Lady, and seeing hir so earnest, although hee were
more earnest in his suite to Camilla, cut hir off 'ith these wordes.
G Ood Madame giue mee leaue eyther to departe, or to speake,
for in trueth you gall me more with these tearmes, then you
fo wist, in seeming to inueigh so bitterly against the meeting of Louers,
which is the onelye Marrow of loue, and though I doubt not but that
ll[arlius is sufficiently armed to aunswere you, yet would I not haue
those reasons refelled, which I loath to haue repeated. It maye be
you vtter them not of malice you beare to loue, but only to moue
controuersie where ther is no question : For if thou enuie to haue
Louers meete, why did you graunt vs, if allow it, why seeke you to
seperate vs ?
The good Lady could not refraine from laughter, when she saw
Surius so angry, who in the middest of his own tale, was troubled
o with hirs, whome she thus againe aunswered.
I crye you mercie Gentleman, I had not thought to haue catched
you, when I fished for an other, but I perceiue now that with one
beane it is easie to gette two Pigions, and with one baight to haue
diuers bites. I see that others maye gesse where the shooe wringes,
besides him that weares it. Madame quoth Surt'us you haue caught
a Frog, if I be not deceiued, and therfore as good it were not to
hurt him, as not to eate him, but if ail this while you angled to
haue a bytte at a Louer, you should haue vsed no bitter medicines,
but pleasaunt baightes.
3o I can-not tell ans'ered lqauia, whether my baight were bytter or
not, but sure I am I haue the fishe by the gill, that doth mee good.
Camilla not thinking to be silent, put in hir spoke as she thought
into the best wheele, saying.
X the thing most/ rest 3 Besicles, efore I E rest . in the presenee
E rest Surius] in 2I-G the name is preceded by For. It may be, as t'rof . .4rber
thinks, a sli of lhe en, or may oiut fo the accideutal omission of somethin Kwhich
preceded it in the original «]lrS. io wish " : wisse F rest 15 thou] you
E res/ 3 gette] catch E res/ Pigeons A-G I623, .636 : Pidgions
E-1617, 1630-3I 24 bits I.413 a 7 you] your Ladiship E res/ 28
byt A : bit/: bite a? est 9 baytes A : I,aites/YF-6z3 : baits a? 63o-36
$a thinking] willing E rest 33 into] in rest saying] and began in this
manne a? rest

'74 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Lady your cunning maye deceiue you in fishing with an Angle,
therfore to catch him you would haue, you were best to vse a net.
A net quoth Z;lauia, I neede none, for my fishe playeth in a net
already, with that Ser[us beganne to winche, replying immediately,
so doth manye a fishe good Ladye that slyppeth out, when the
Fysher thinketh him fast in, and it may be, that eyther your nette
is too weake to hohlde him, or your hand too wette. A wette hande
quoth t;lau[a will holde a dead Hearing : I quoth SuHus, but Eeles
are no Hearinges, but Louers are, sayde Flau[a.
Surius not willing to haue the grasse mowne, where-of hee meant
to make his haye, beganne thus to conclude.
Ood Lady leaue off fishing for this rime, & though it bee Lent,
rather breake a statute which is but penall, then sew a pond
that maye be perpetuall. I am content quoth 1;/auia rather to fast
for once, then to want a pleasure for euer: yet Surius betwixte vs
two, I will at large proue, that there is nothinge in loue more vene-
mous then meeting, which filleth the mind with grief & the body
with deseases: for hauing the one, hee can-not fayle of the other.
But now _Philautus and Neece 1;rauncis, since I ara cut off, beginne
you : but be s.horte, bicause the time is short, and that I wa more
short then I would.
_t;raunds who was euer of witte quicke, and of nature pleasaunt.
seeing 19hilaut*s all this while to be in his dumpes, beganne thus to
playe with him.
Entleman either you are musing who shal be your seconde wife,
"-" or who shall father your first childe, els would you not all this
while hang your head, neither attending to the discourses that you
haue hard, nor regarding the company you are in: or it may be
(which of both coniectures is likeliest) that hearing so much talke of
loue, you are either driuen to the remembrce of the Italian Ladyes
which once you serued, or els to the seruice of those in Englande
which you haue since your comming seene, for as Andromache when
so euer she saw the Tombe of I-Zector eoulde hOt refraine from
weeping, or as Laodamia could neuer beholde the picture of _Pro-
tesilaus in wax, but she alwayes fainted, so louers when-soeuer they
viewe the image of their Ladies, though hOt the same substance,
8 Herring GE test 9 Herring» GE rest x 2 Lady] Madame test
x$ sue a Pond/F: sue a Bond ttresl 9,
3 : Frances 636 32 for] or/ rest 34 Laodomia A" rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND 75
yet the similitude in shadow, they are so benummed in their ioints,
and so bereft of their wittes, that they haue neither the power to
moue their bodies to shew life, nor their tongues to make aunswere,
so yt I thinking that with your other sences, you had also lost your
smelling, thought rather to be a thorne whose point might make
you feele somewhat, then a Uiolet whose sauour could cause you to
smeil nothing.
)ghilautus seing this Gentlewoman so pleasantly disposed, replyed
in this manner.

1o [-.Entlewoman, to studie for a seconde wife before I knowe my
first, were to resemble the good Huswife in Jra_ples, who tooke
thought to .bilng forth hir chikens before she had Hens to lay
Egs, & to muse who should father my first childe, wer to doubt
when the cowe is mine, who should owe the calfe. But I will
15 neither be so hastie to beate my braines about two wiues, before
I knowe where to get one, nor so ielous to mistrust hir fidelitie
when I haue one. Touching the view of Ladies or the remem-
brance of my loues, me thinketh it should rather sharpe the poynt
in me then abate the edge. bly sences are hOt lost though my
2o labour bec, and therefore my good Uiolet, pilcke not him forwarde
with sharpenesse, whom thou shouldest rather comfort with sauours.
But to put you out of doubt that my witts were hot al this while
a wol-gathering, I was debating with my selfe, whether in loue it were
better to be constant, bewraying ail the counsailes, or secreat being
5 ready euery hour to flinch : And so many reasons came to confirnae
either, that I coulde hOt be resolued of any. To be constant what
thing more requisite in loue, when it shall alwayes be greene like the
Iuie, though the Sun parch it, that shal euer be hard like ye truc
Diam6d, though the hammer beate it, that still groweth with the
3o good vine, though the knife cut it. Constancy is like vnto the
Storke, who wheresoeuer she flye commeth into no neast but hir
owne, or the Lapwinge, whom nothing can dilue from hir young
ones, but death : But to reueale the secreats of loue, the counsailes,
the conclusions, what greater dispite to his Ladie, or more shame-
35 full discredite to himselfe, can be immagined, when there shall no
letter passe but it shalbee disclosed, no talke vttered but it shall
bec againe repeated, n6thing donc but it shall be reuealed : Which
8 perceiuing E rtst replyed] with a merry countenaunce and quick wit, be-
ganne to make aunswere ." test 5 braine rest 18 loue test 2o
him hot test 6 of] in/ test

I76 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
'hen I considered, mee thought it better to haue one that shoulde
be secreate though fickle, then a blab though constant.
For what is there in the worlde that more deliteth a louer then
secrecie, whiche is voyde of feare, without suspition, free from
enuie : the onely hope a woeman bath to builde both hir honour
and honestie vppon.
The tongue of a louer should be like the poynt in the Diali,
which though it go, none can see it going, or a young tree which
though it growe, none can perceiue it growing, hauing alwayes the
stone in their mouth which the Cranes vse when they flye ouer fo
mountaines, least they make a noyse. But to bee sylent, and
lyghtly to esteeme of his Ladye, to shake hir off though he be
secreat, to chaunge for euerything though he bewray nothing, is
the onely thing that cutteth the heart in peeces of a true and
constant louer, which deepely waying with my selfe, I preferred
him that woulde neuer remoue, though he reueiled Ml, before him
that woulde conceale ail, and euer bee slyding. Thus wafting to
and fro, I appeale to you my good Uiolet, whether in loue be more
required secrecie, or constancy.
Fraunds with hir accustomable boldnes, yet modestly, replyed as ,o
followeth.

Entleman if I shoulde aske you whether in the making of
a good sworde, yron were more to bee required, or steele,
sure I am you woulde aunswere that both were necessarie : Or if I
shoulde be so curious to demaunde whether in a tale tolde to your 2
Ladyes, disposition or inuention be most conuenient, I cannot
thinke but you woulde iudge them both expedient, for as one
mettall is to be tempored with another in fashioning a good blade,
least either, being all of steele it quickly breake, or all of yron it
neuer cutte, so fareth it in speach, which if it be not seasoned as 30
well with witte to moue delight, as with art, to manif est cunning,
there is no eloquence, and in no other manner standeth it with
loue, for to be secreate and hOt constant, or constant and hOt

4 feare,] comma oto. [E 7 the] a E test Io their] his E resl
x I the bfore mountaines E test 12 shee E test
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Lady 1617-23 inuention F test: mention glI-£ (the ' be
t-G a8 tempered ,4 test blade,] the comma at fashioning 212"

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x77
secret, were to builde a bouse of morter without stones, or a wall
of stones without morter.
There is no liuely picture drawen 'ith one colour, no curious
Image wrought with one toole, no perfect Musike played with
one string, and wouldest thou haue loue, the patteme of eternitie,
couloured either with constancie alone, or onely secrecie ?
There must in euery triangle be three lines, the first beginneth,
the seconde augmenteth, the third concludeth it a figure. So in loue
three verrues, affection which draweth the heart, secrecie which
increaseth the hope, constancie, which finish tbe worke : without any
of these lynes there can be no triangle, without any of these verrues,
no loue.
There is no man that runneth with one legge, no birde that
flyeth with one winge, no loue that lasteth with one lym. Loue is
likened to the ,ptterald which cracketh rather then consenteth to
any disloyaltie, and can there be any greater villany then being
secreat, hot to be constant or being constant hot to be secret. But
it falleth out with those that being constant are yet full of bable, as
it doth with the serpent Iaculus & the Uiper, who burst with their
owne brood, as these are tome with their owne tongues.
It is no question Philautus to aske which is best, when being
not ioyned there is neuer a good. If thou make a question where
there is no doubt, thou must take an aunswere wbere there is no
reason. Why then also doest thou hOt enquire -hether it were
better for a horse to want his foreleggs or his'hinder, when hauing
hOt all he cannot trauell: why at thou hot inquisitiue, whether
it were more conuenient for the wrastlers in the gaines of O13,»[a
to be without armes'or without feete, or for trees to want rootcs
or lacke tops when either is impossible ? Ther is no true louer
beleeue me Philat«tus, sence telleth me so, hOt triall, that hath hot
faith, secrecie, and constancie. If thou want either it is lust, no
loue, and that thou hast hOt them all, thy profound question
assureth me: whicb if thou diddest aske to trie my wit, thou
thoughtest me very dull, if thou resolue thy selfe of a doubt,
I cannot thinke thee very sharpe.
h[lautu that perceiued hir to be so sharp, thought once againe
ith one G//-/f63o-36: ,,vithou 21IAB: ith ode I6x 7 : vith od 6
IO finisheth G test I lynes] rules test 14 limme G: lira -1631 :
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BOID ii '

78 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
like a whetston to make hir sharper, and in these wordes retumed
his aunswere.

M Y sweete violet, you are not vnlike vnto those, who hauing
gotten the startte in a race, thinke none to bee neere their
heeles, bicause they be formost : For hauing the tale in your mouth,
you imagine it is all trueth, and that none can controll it.
Frauncis who was not willing to heare him goe forward in so fond
an argument, cut him off before he should corne to his conclusion.

G Entle-man, the faster you runne after me, the farther you are
from me: therefore I would wish you to take heede, yt in o
seeking to strik at my heeles, you trippe not vp your owne. You
would faine with your witte cast a white vpon blacke, where-in you
are not vnlike vnto those, that seing their shadow very short in the
Sunne, thinke to touch their head with their heele, and putting forth
their legge are farther from it, then when they stoode still. In my 5
opinion it were better to sit on the ground with little ease, then to
ryse and fall with great daunger.
_Philautus beeing in a maze to what end this talke should tende,
thought that eyther Cantilla had ruade hir priuie to his loue, or that
she meant by suspition to entrappe him : Therfore meaning to leaue 2o
his former question, and to aunswere hir speach proceeded thus.

.M'Istris Frauncis, you resemble in your sayings the Painter
2"amandes, in whose pictures there was euer more vnder-
stoode then painted: for with a glose you seeme to shadow
which in coulours you wil hOt shewe. It can-not be, my violet, that
the faster I run after you, the farther I shoulde bee from you.
vnlesse that eyther you haue wings tyed to your heeles, or I thornes
thrust into naine. The last dogge oftentimes catcheth the Haro.
though the fleetest turne him, the slow Snaile clymeth the tower at
last, though the sWift Swallowe mount it, the lasiest winneth the gole, 30
somtimes, though the lightest be neere it. In hunting I had as liefe
stand at the receite, as at the loosing, in running rather endure long
with an easie amble, then leaue off being out of winde, with a swifte
gallop : Especially when I runne as th'ppomanes did with ltlanta,

4 to bee] too E test 7 was very much vnwilling E test 8 in this
rnanner, af/er conclusion, E test Io to ont. t/rest 16 a fie_fore little
E test 8 this] his H test z 3 Tamantes so ai1, for Timanthes z 9
climbeth G: climeth to//test 3a the ! ont. E-I-I 34 Hippomenes rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x79
who was last in the course, but first at thc crowne : So that I gcsse
that woemcn are cythcr casic tobe out strippcd, oz willing.
I scckc hot fo trippc ai you, bicause I might so hyndcz you and
hurt my self: for in Ictting your course by striking at your shortc
S hcclcs, you wouldc whcn I should cmuc pazdon, shcw me a high
instcp.
As for my shadowc, I ncucz go about fo zeach it, but whcn thc
Sunnc is at thc highcst, for thcn is my shadowc at thc shortcsh so
that it is hot difficult to touch my hcad with my heelc, whcn it lycth
,o almostc vndcr my hccle.
You say it is bcttcr to sit still thcn fo arysc and fall, and I sayc
hec that ncucz clymbcth for fcazc of falling, is likc vnto him that
ncucr drinckcth for fearc of surfcting.
If you thinkc cythcz thc ground so slippcrlc, whcrin I runnc, that
'5 I must nccdes rail, or my fcctc so chill that I must nccdcs foundcr,
if mayc bc I will chaungc my course hcrc-aftcr, but I mcanc fo endc
it now : for I had mthcr fall out of a lowc window to thc ground,
thcn hang in middc way by a bryez.
'rauncis who tookc no littlc plcasurc to hcarc l'hilau/us talke,
2o bcgan fo comc on roundly in thcsc tcarmcs.
T is a signe Gcntlcman that your footemanship is bcttcr thcn
your stomackc : foz what-soeucz you say, me thinketh you had
zathcz bc hcld in a slippc, thcn Ici slippe, whcrc-in you zcscmblc the
gmyc-houndc, that sccing his gaine, Icapeth vpon him that holdcth
25 him, hot running aftcz that hc is hcld for: or thc Hawkc which
bcing cast off at a Partfidge, takcth a stand fo pzunc hir fethcrs,
whcn shc should takc hir flight. For if scemcth you bcarc good
will fo thc gamc you can-not play ai, or will hot, or darc hot, whczc-in
you imitatc thc Cat that leaucth thc Mousc, to follow thc milk-pan ."
3o for I pezcciuc that you let thc Harc go by, to hunt thc Badgcr.
2hilau/us astonicd at this speachc, kncw hot which way to framc
his aunswczc, thinking now that shec pczcciucd his talc fo bc adrcsscd
fo hir, though his louc wczc fixcd on Camilla : But to°ryddc hir of
suspition, though loth that Camilla should conccuc any inckling, hc
$S playcd fast and loosc in this manncr.
Gcntlcwoman you mistakc me vcry much, for I hauc bccne bcttcr
2 either are E-,63, out tripped GE 5 an E rest 14 eyther
.. so] the ground eyther too E rest whereon GE rest 8 the belote
midde ABE rest 9 talke oto. E rest 22-3 had rather] hather H: rather
67 rest 5 he] shee G 27 it seemeth you A rest : you seeme you !
3o toi and t:rest 33 was E rest 36 Gentleman IH

18o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
taught then fedde, and therefore I knowe how to follow my game, if
it be for my gaine : For wer there two Hares to runne at, I would
endeauor not to catch the first that I followed, but the last that
I started: yet so as the firste shoulde not scape, nor the last be
caught.
You speake contraries, quoth Fraunds, and you wil worke wonders,
but take heede your cunning in hunting, make you not to loose
both.
Both said PMlaulus, why I seeke but for one, and yet of two
quoth Frauncis, you can-not tell which to follow, one runneth so fa.st
you wil neuer catch hir, the other is so at the squat, you can neuer
finde hir.
The Ladie Flauia, whether desirous to sleepe, or loth these iests
should be too broad as moderater commaunded them both to
silence, willing u]tues as vmper in these matters, bHefly to speake
his minde. Camilla and Surius are yet talking, lZrauncis and
Jghilautus are hOt idle, yet ail attentiue to heare Ethues, as well
for the expectation they had of his wit, as to knowe the drift
of theyr discourses, who thus began the conclusion of ail their
speaches.

I T was a lawe among the Jgersians, that the Musitian should hOt
iudge of the Painter, nor anye one meddle in that handy craft,
where-in hee was hot expert, which maketh me meruaile good
Madam yt you should appoynt him to be an vmper in loue, who
neuer yet had skill in his lawes. For although I seemed to consent
by my silence before I knewe the argument where-of you would
dispute, yet hearing nothing but reasons for loue, I must eyther call
backe my promyse, or call in your discourses, and better it were in
my opinion hOt to haue your reasons concluded, then to haue them
confuted. But sure I am that neyther a good excuse will serue,
where authority is rigorous, nor a bad one be hard, where necessitie
compelleth. "But least I be longer in breaking a web then the Spider
is in weauing it, Your pardons obteyned, if I offend in sharpnesse,
and your patience graunted, if molest in length, I thus beginne to
conclude against you ail, hOt as one singuler in his owne conceite,
but to be tryed by your gentle constructions.

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24 vmpaex 63: vmpire 636

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND xSx
S lZrius beginneth with loue, which procedeth by beautie (vnder
the whiche hee comprehendeth all other vertues) Ladye Flauia
moueth a question, whether the meeting of Louers be tollerable.
Mlautus commeth in with two braunches in his hande, as though
5 there were no more leaues on that tree, asking whether constancie or
secrecie be most to be required, great holde there hath beene who
shoulde proue his loue best, when in my opinion there is none good.
But such is the vanitie ofyouth, that it thinketh nothing worthie either
of commendation or conference, but onelyloue, whereof they sowe much
fo and reape little, wherein they spende ail and gaine nothing, where-by
they runne into daungers before they wist, and repent their desires
before they woulde. I doe hot discommende honest affection, which
is grounded vppon vertue as the meane, but disordinate fancie whiche
is builded vppon lust as an extremitie : and lust I must tearme that
. which is begunne in an houre and ended in a minuit, the common
loue in this our age, where Ladyes are courted for beautye, hOt for
vertue, men loued for proportion in bodie, not perfection in minde.
It fareth with louers as with those that drinke of the ryuer Gallus
in dPhrigia, -hereof sipping moderately is a medecine, but swilling
20 with excesse it breedeth madnesse.
Zycurgus set it downe for a lawe, that where men were commonly
dronken, the vynes shoulde bee destroyed, and I ara of that minde,
that where youth is giuen to loue, the meanes shbulde be remoued.
For as the earth wherein the Mynes of Siluer and golde are hidden
% is profitable for no other thing but mettalles, so the heart wherein
loue is harboured, receiueth no other seede but affection. Louers
seeke not those thinges which are most profitable, but most pleasant,
resembling those that make garlands, who choose the fayrest flowers,
hOt the holsomest, and beeing once entangled with desire, they
3o alwayes haue ye disease, hot vnlike vnto the Goat, who is neuer
without an aigue, then beeing once in, they followe the note of the
Nightingale, which is saide dth continual strayning to singe, to
perishe in hir sweete layes, as they doe in their sugred liues : where
is it possible either to eate or drinke, or walke but he shal heare
35 some question of loue ? in somuch that loue is become so co'hamon,
that there is no artificer of so base a crafte, no clowne so simple, no
$ on] of /27E test 9 conference, E test : the ¢omraa 02 commendation 2t
at riel/ber AB I danger E test 12 his belote honest E rest which] that
Erest 5 minute 4-F1636: minut 1617--31 17 for before perfection Erest
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2 9 wholsomest A test 3t Ague A test

x82 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
begger so poore, but either talketh of loue, or liueth in loue, when
they neither know the meanes to corne by it, nor the wisedome to
encrease it : And what can be the cause of these louing wormes, but
onely idlenesse ?
But to set downe as a moderator the true perfection of loue, hot
like an enemie to talke of the infection, (whiche is neither the part
of my office, nor pleasaunt to your eares,) this is my iudgement.
True and vertuous loue is to be grounded vppon Time, Reason,
Fauour & Uertue. Time to make trial, hot at the first glaunce so to
settle his minde, as though he were wiIIing to be caught, when he
might escape, but so by obsemation and experience, to builde and
augment his desires, that he be hOt deceaued with beautie, but
perswaded with c6stancie. Reason, that all his doings and pro-
ceedings seeme hOt to flowe from a minde enflamed with lust, but
a true hart kindled with loue. Fauour, to delight his eyes, which
are the first messengers of affection, Uertue to allure the soule, for
the which all thinges are to be desired.
The arguments of faith in a man, are constancie hOt to be
remoued, secrecie hot to vtter, securitie not to mistrust, credulitie
to beleeue: in a woman patience to endure, ielousie to suspect,
liberalitie to bestowe, feruency, faithfulnes, one of the which
braunches if either the man want, or the woman, it may be a lyking
betweene them for the rime, but no loue to continue for euer.
Touching Surius his questi6 whether loue corne from the man or
the woman, it is manifest that it beginneth in both, els can it not
ende in both.
To the Lady tlauias demaunde eoneerning eompanie, it is
requisite they shoulde meete, and though they be hindered by
diuers meanes, yet is it impossible but that they will meete.
t'hilautus must this thinke, that constancie without secrecie
auaileth little, and secrecie without constancie profiteth lesse.
Thus haue I good maddame aceording to my simple skill in loue
set downe my iudgement, which you may at your Ladishippes plea-
sure correcte, for hee that neuer tooke the oare in hand must hOt
think 6êorne to be taught. Well quoth the Lady, you tan say more
if you list, but either you feare to offende our eares, or to bewray
your owne foIlies, one may easily pereeiue yt you haue bene of late
6 like as an BE/-2" 1617, i63o-36 : like as as P l! so by] by his E re«t
IZ yt before that a4 14 etlflame a4 15 true om. re«t with] with
with af 9 it is 2 test 3o this] thus 1 rest 34 the oto. G rest

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x8 3
in the painters shop, by ye colours that sticke in your coate, but at
this rime I will vrge nothing though I suspect somewhat.
,_çuHus gaue Euhues thanks, allowing his iudgmêt in the descrip-
tion of loue, espeeially in this, yt he would haue a woman if she were
s faithful to be also ielious, which is as necessary tobe required in
them as constancie.
Camilla smiling saide that Euhues was deceiued, for he would
haue saide that men should haue bene ielious, and yet that had
bene but superfluous, for they are neuer otherwise.
o tghilautus thinking Camilla to vsc that speach to girde him, for
that all that night he vewed hir with a suspitious eye, answered that
ielousie in a man was to be pardoned, bicause there is no difference
in the looke of a louer, that tan distinguish a ielious eye, from
a louing.
I., Frauncis who thought hir part not to be the least, saide that in ail
thinges Euphues spake gospel sauing in that he bounde a woman to
patience, which is to make them fooles.
Thus euery one gauehis verdir, and so with thanks to the Lady
Flauia, they ail tooke their leaue for that night. Surius went to his
2o lodging, Euphues and 29hilautus to theirs, Camilla accompaned with
hir women and hir wayting maide, departed to hir home, whome
I meane to bring to hir chamber, leauing all the test to their test.
Camilla no sooner had entred in hir chamber, but she began in
straunge tearmes to vtter this straunge talc, hir doore being cloose
2. shutte, and hir chamber voyded.
H Camilla, ah wretched wench Carailla, I perceiue nowe, that
when the Hoppe groweth high it must haue a pole, whê yo
Iuie spreadeth, it cleaueth to ye flint, when the Uine riseth it
wretheth about ye Elme, whê virgins wax in yeares, they follow that
.o which belongeth to their appetites, loue,--loue ? Yea loue Camilla,
the force whereof thou knowest not, and yet must .ndure the furie.
Where is that precious herbe tganace which cureth all diseases ?
Or that herbe Neenthes that procureth ail delights ? No no Camilla :
loue is hot to bec cured by herbes which commeth by fancy,
3 neither tan plaisters take away the griefe, which is growen so great
by perswasions. For as the stone 23raconites tan by no meanes be
t your] you H 5, I7 is] was GErest IO suchErest 2I woman
GE rest a 5 in ont. GE test a4 cloose oto. E rest 29 wreatheth AB :
draweth E test 3o appeties 21/" loue, loue . 2tlAB : loue, loue. E-H: loue»
loue» x6x?-u$: loue» loue; 163o-36 3a Panace so all 33 Nepenthe E test

84 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
polished vnlesse the Lapidarie burne it, so the mind of Camilla
by no meanes be cured except Surius ease it. -
I see that loue is hOt vnlike vnto the stone tansura, which
draweth all other stones, be they neuer so heauy, hauing in it the three
rootes which they attribut to Musicke, Mirth, Melancholie, Madnesse. $
I but Camilla dissemble thy loue, though it shorten thy lyfe, for
better it were to dye with griefe, then lyue with shame. The Spunge
is full of water, yet is it hot seene, the hearbe Idyaton though it be
wet, looketh alwayes drye, and a wise Louer be she neuer so much
tormented, behaueth hir selfe as though shee were hOt touched, fo
I but tire can-not be hydden in the flaxe with-out smoake, nor
Muske in the bosome with-out smell, nor loue in the breast with-out
suspition: Why then confesse thy loue to Surius, Camilla, who is
ready to ask before thou graunt. But it fareth in loue, as it doth
wt the roote of y Reede, which being put vnto the ferne taketh ,.
away all his strength, and likewise the Roote of the Ferne put to the
Reede, depriueth it of all his force : so the lookes of Surius hauing
taken all freedome from the eyes of Camilla, it may be the glaunces
of Camilla haue bereaued Surius of ail libertie, which if it wer so.
how happy shouldest thou be, and that it is so, why shouldest hOt ,o
thou hope. I but Suius is noble, I but loue regardeth no byrth.
I but his friendes will hOt consent, I but loue knoweth no kindred,
I but he is hOt willing to loue, nor thou worthy to bee wooed, I but
loue maketh the proudest to stoupe, and to court the poorest.
Whylst she was thus debating, one of hir Maidens chaunced to ,$
knocke, which she hearing left off that, which al you Gentlewomê
would gladly heare, for no doubt she determined to make a long
sermon, had hOt she beene interrupted : But by the preamble you
may gesse to what purpose the drift tended. This I note, that they
that are most wise, most vertuous, most beautiful, are hOt free from .o
the impressions of Fancy: For who would haue thought that
Camilla, who seemed to disdaine loue, should so soone be entangled.
But as ye straightest wands are to be bent when they be small, so
the presisest Uirgins are to be won when they be young. But I will
leaue Camilla, with whose loue I haue nothing to meddle, for that $
it maketh nothing to my matter. And returne we to 2Eu2ues , who
must play the last parte.

x of Camilla/ rest : of ara. M4 : ¢y. ? thy mind Camilla
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EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND x8 5
E æ/hues bestowing his rime in tbe Courte, began to marke
diligentlye the men, and their manners, hot as one curious
to misconster, but desirous tobe instructed. Manye dayes hee
vsed speach witb the Ladyes, sundrye tymes with the Gentle-women,
5 with all became so familyar, that he was of all earnestly beloued.
-Ph[laulus had taken such a smacke in the good entertainment of
the Ladie .Flau[a, that he beganne to looke askew vppon
driuing out the remembrance of his olde looe, with the recording
of the new. Vho now but his violet, who but Mistris Fraunds, whom
,o if once euery day he had hOt seene, he wold haue beene so solen,
that no man should haue seene him.
.uhues who watched his friend, demaunded how his loue pro-
ceded with ÇarMlla, vnto whom _PMlaulus gaue no aunswere but
a stalle, by the which .uues thought his affection but small. At
,5 the last thinking it both contrary to his oth and his honestie to con-
ceale anye thinge from .uues, he confessed, that his minde was
chaunged from Camilla to t;rauncis. Loue quoth uihues will
neuer make thee mad, for it commeth by fits, hOt like a quotidian,
but a tertian.
2o In deede quoth _Philautus, if euer I kill my selfe for loue, it shall
be with a sigh, hot with a sworde.
Thus they passed the time many dayes in ngland, tïuihues
commonlye in the court to learne fashions, thilautus euer in the
countrey to loue t;rauncis: so sweete a violet to his nose, that he
2 could hardly surfer it to be an houre from his nose.
But nowe came the tyme, that uphues was to trye _Philautus
trueth, for it happened that letters were directed from Athens to
Zondon, concerning serious and waightie affayres of his owne, which
incited him to hasten his departure, the contentes of the which when
3o he had imparted to .PMlautus, and requested his company, his
friende was so fast tyed by the eyes, that he found thomes in his
heele, which u2#hues knewe to be thoughtes in his heart, and by no
meanes hee could perswade him to goe into Ilaly, so sweete was the
very smoke of ngland.
35 u]hues knowing the tyde would tarrye for no man, and seeing
his businesse to require such speede, beeing for his great preferment,
determined sodeinly to departe, yet hOt with-out taking of his leaue
curteouslye, and giuing thankes to all those whicla since his comming
had vsed him friendlye: Which that it myght be done with one
2 thoughes

t86 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
breath, hee desired the Merchaunt with whome ail this while he
soiournied to inuite a great number to dynner, some of great calling,
manye of good credit, amonge the which Suius as chiefe, the Ladie
Flauia, Camilla and Mistris Fraunds were hOt forgotten.
The time being come of meeting, he saluted them all in this 5
manner.
I was neuer more desirous to come into England then I am loth
to departe, such curtesie haue I found, which I looked hOt for, and
such qualities as I could hOt looke for, which I speake hOt to flatter
any, when in trueth it is knowne to you all. But now the time is o
corne that Eui#hues must packe from those, whome he best loueth,
and go to the Seas, which he hardlye brooketh.
But I would Fortune had delt so fauourable with a poore Gredan,
that he might haue eyther beene borne heere, or able to liue heere :
which seeing the one is past and can-not be, the other vnlikly, and x5
therfore hot easie tobe, I must endure the crueltie of the one, and
with patience beare the necessitie of the other.
Yet this I earnestly craue of you all, that you wil in steede of
a recompence accept thankes, & of him that is able to giue nothing,
take prayer for payment. What my good minde is to you ail, my 20
tongue can-not vtter, what my true meaning is, your heartes ean-not
eoneeiue : yet as occasion shall serue, I will shewe that I haue hOt
forgotten any, though I may not requit one. tYdlautus not wiser
then I in this, though bolder, is determined to tarry behinde : for
hee sayth that he had as liefe be buried in .England, as married in 25
Italy : so holy doth he thinke the ground heere, or so homely the
women ther, whome although I would gladly haue with me, yet
seeing I can-not, I am most earnestlye to request you ail, not for my
sake, who ought to desire nothing, nor for his sake who is able to
deserue little, but for the eurtesies sake of .England, that you vse 30
him not so well as you haue done, which wold make him proud,
but no worse then I wish him, which wil make him pure : for thogh
I speak before his face, you shall finde true behinde his backe, that
he is yet but wax, whieh must be wrought whilest the water is warme,
and yron whieh being hot, is apt either to make a key or a loeke. 35
It may be Ladies and Gentlewoemen all, that though England be
hOt for Euîues to dwell in, yet itis for Euiues to send to.

2 soiourned B rest xo But] For E rest 13 fauorably E rest
on z]/" 25 buried] burned GE rest 33 it befm'e true 1623
test 36 ail oto. E test although test

23 one]
34 while

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND t8 7
When he had thus sayd, he could scarse speake for weeping, all
the companye were sorye to forgoe him, some proffered him mony,
some lands, some houses, but he refused them all, telling them that
hOt the necessitie of lacke caused him hOt to departe, but of
. importance, o
This done they sate downe all to dinner, but Euphues could hOt
be merry, for yt he should so soone depart, yo feast being ended,
which was very sumptuous, as Merchaunts neuer spare for cost,
whê they haue fui coffers, they al heartely tooke their leaues of
o Euhues, Camilla who liked verie well of his company, taking him
by the hande, desired him that being in 4thens, he woulde hot
forget his friends in Englande, and the rather for your sake quoth
she, your friende shalbe better welcome, yea, & to me for his
owne sake quoth tqauia, where at thilaulus reioyced and Frauncis
*. was hot sorie, who began a little to listen to the lure of loue.
Euhues hauing ail thinges in a redinesse went immediately
toward Douer, whether lMlautus also aecompanied him, yet not
forgetting by the way to visite the good olde father Fidus, whose
curtesie they reeeaued at their comming. Fidus glade to see them,
2o ruade them great che_are according to his abilitie, which had it beene
lesse, woulde haue bene aunswerable to either desires. Much
communication they had of the court, but Eu]ues cryed quittance,
for he saide thinges that are commonly knowne it were folly to
repeat, and secretes, it were against mine honestie to vtter.
2. The next morning they went to Douer where Eupues being
readie to take ship, he first tooke his farewell of 2Mlautus in these
wordes.

tarilautus the care that I haue had of thee, from time to time,
hath beene tried by the counsaile I haue alwayes giuen thee,
30 which if thou haue forgotten, I meane no more to write in water, if
thou remember imprint it still. Bru seeing my departure from thee
is as it were my death, for that I knowe hOt whether euer I shall see
thee, take this as my last testament of good will.
Bee humble to thy superiours, gentle to thy equalls, to thy
3. inferiours fauourable, enuie hOt thy betters, iustle hOt thy fellowes,
oppresse hot the poore.
The stipende that is allowed to maintaine thee vse wisely, be
a promised res/ 4 nota oto. zt mst ax either] their B rest 3 x
still] in steele E rest departing E rest 33 my before good /-/ res/

i58 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
neither prodigall to spende all, nor couetous to keepe ail, eut thy
coat according to thy cloth, and thinke it better to bee accompted
thriftie among the wise, then a good companion among the riotous.
For thy studie or trade of lire, vse thy booke in the morning, thy
bowe after dinner or what other exercise*shall please thee best, but
alwayes haue an eye to the mayne, what soeuer thou art chaunced
at the buy.
Let thy practise be lawe, for the practise of Phisike is too base
for so fyne a stomacke as thine, and diuinitie too curious for so fickle
a heade as thou hast.
Touching thy proceedings in loue, be constant to one, and trie but
one, otherwise thou shalt bring thy credite into question, and thy
loue into derision.
Weane thy selfe from Camilla, deale wisely with t;rauncis, for in
Englande thou shalt finde those that will decypher thy dealings be
they neuer so politique, be secret to thy selfe, and trust none in
matters of loue as thou louest thy life.
Certifie me of thy proceedings by thy letters, and thinke that
Euähues cannot forget lhilautus, who is as deare to mee as my selfe.
Commende me to all my friendes : And so farewell good ltu'lautus,
and well shalt thou fare if thou followe the counsell of Euphues.
IZilautus the water standing in his eyes, hOt able to aunswere
one worde, vntill he had well 'epte, replyed at the la.st as it
were in one worde, saying, that his counsaile shoulde bee engrauen
in his heart, and hee woulde followe euerie thing that was pre-
scribed him, eertifying him of his suceesse as either occasion, or
opportunitie should serue.
But when friendes at departing woulde vtter most, then teares
hinder most, whiche brake off both his aunswere, and stayde luphues
replye, so after many millions of embracinges, at the last they
departed, lhilautus to London where I leaue him, luphues to
Athens where I meane to followe him, for hee it is that I ara to goe
with, hOt lhilautus.
Here. was nothing that happened on the Se.as worthie the
wntmg, but within fewe dayes Et@hues hauing a merrye winde
arryued at Athens, where after hee had visited his friendes, and set
5 other oto. ttrest 7 the buy] to buy E: the by F: thebyetIrest 18
thy ] the 211 proceeding rest (except 63) 9 vnto rest a3
the oto. E test 8 parting G test 9 breake all eds. (aural error)
34 VlOn. rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE 18 9
an ortier in his affayres, he began to addresse his letters to Ziuia
touehing the state of Englande in this manner.

uia I salute thee in the Lorde, &c. I am at length retumed
out of Englande, a place in my opinion (if any such may be
5 in the earth) not inferiour to a Paradise.
I haue here inclosed sent thee the discripfion, the manners, the
conditions, the gouemement and entertainement of that countrie.
I haue thought it good to dedicate it to the Ladies of Italy, if
thou thinke it worthy, as thou cannest not otherwise, cause it to be
o imprinted, that the praise of such an Isle, may cause those y dwell
els where, both to commende it, and maruell at it.
thilautus I haue left behinde me, who like an olde dogge fol-
loweth his olde sent, loue, wiser he is then he was woont, but as yet
nothing more fortunate. I am in helth, and that thou art so, I heare
. nothing to the contrarie, but I knowe not howe it fareth with me,
for I cannot as yet brooke mine owne countrie, I ara so delighted
with another.
Aduertise me by letters what estate thou art in, also howe thou
likest the state of Englande, which I haue sent thee. And so
5o farewell.
TMne go vse Euihues.

2"0 the Zadyes and Gentlewomen of
ItaO': uiOhues zoisheth helth
and honour.
"[ F I had brought (Ladyes) little dogges from ¢l[alta, or straunge
I
stones from fndia, or fine carpets from Turktë, I am sure that
either you woulde haue woed me to haue them, or wished to see them.
But I am come out of Englande with a Glasse, wherein you
shall behold the things which you neuer sawe, and maruel at the
sightes when you haue seene. Not a Glasse to make you beautiful,
but to make you blush, yet not at your vices, but others vertues,
not a Glasse to dresse your haires but to redresse your harmes,
by the which if you euery morning correcte your manners, being "as
carefull to amend faultes in your hearts, as you are curious to finde
5 a om. E rest 23 Italy] England E rest 30 when] which B rest
seene] here 163o-36

i9o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
faults in your heads, you shall in short time be as much com-
mended for vertue of the wise, as for beautie of the wanton.
Yet at the first sight if you seeme deformed by looking in this
glasse, you must hOt thinke that the fault is in the glasse, but in
your mners, hOt resembling Zauia, who seeing hir beautie in a 5
true glasse to be but deformitie, washed hir face, and broke the
glasse.
Heere shall you see beautie accompanyed with virginitie, tem-
peraunce, mercie, Justice, magnanimitie, and ail other vertues what-
soeuer, rare in your sex, and but one, and rarer then the Phoenix o
where I thinke there is hOt one.
In this glasse shall you see that the glasses which you carrye in
your fannes of fethers, shewe you to be lyghter then fethers, that
the Glasses wher-in you carouse your wine, make you to be more
wanton then t?acchus, that the new found glasse Cheynes that you 1s
weare about your neckes, argue you tobe more brittle then
glasse. But your eyes being too olde to iudge of so rare a spectacle,
my counsell is that you looke with spectacles : for iii can you abyde
the beames of the cleere Sunne, being skant able to view the
blase of a dymme candell. The spectacles I would haue you vse, 2o
are for the one eie iudgment with-out flattering your selues, for
the other eye, beliefe with-out mistrusting of mee.
And then I doubte hOt but you shai1 both thanke mee for this
Glasse (which I sende alst into ail places of Euroe) and thinke
worse of your garyshe Glasses, which maketh you of no more price 25
then broken Glasses.
Thus fayre Ladyes, hoping you xfill be as willing to prye in this
Glasse for amendement of manners, as you are to prancke your
selues in a lookinge Glasse, for commendation of menne, I wishe
you as much beautie as you would haue, so as you woulde en-30
deuor to haue as much vertue as you should haue. And so farewell.

Euphues.

if oto. Air 5 Liuia E test 8 you shall 'E rest ç-IO whatsouer M i where] wherof F rest one] two E rest I 3 yonr om. E rest 19 beame
rest 5 makes " : make/ rest 28 Glasse] glasses/-/"

¶ 2F.uAues Glassefor
2F.uroe.
Here is an Isle lying in the Ocean Sea, directly against that
part of Fraunce, which containeth 2icardie and 2Vormandie,
called now 2England, heeretofore named Britaine, it hath Ireland
vpon the West side, on the North the mairie Sea, on the East side,
the Germaine Ocean. This Islande is in circuit Æ72o. myles, in
forme like vnto a Triangle, beeing broadest in the South part, and
gathering narrower and narrower till it come to the farthest poynt of
Cathnesse, Northward, wher it is narrowest, and ther endeth in
manner of a Promonterie. To repeate the auncient manner of this
Island, or what sundry nations haue inhabited there, to set downe the
Giauntes, which in bygnesse of bone haue passed the common sise,
and almost common creditte, to rehearse what diuersities of Lan-
guages haue beene vsed, into how many kyngdomes it hath beene
deuided, what Religions haue beene followed before the comming
of Christ, although it would breede great delight to your eares, yet
might it happily seeme tedious : For that honnie taken excessiuelye
cloyeth the stomacke though it be honnie.
But my minde is briefly to touch such things as at my being there
I gathered by myne owne studie and enquirie, not meaning to write a
Chronocle, but to set downe in a word what I heard by conference.
It hath in it twentie and sixe Cities, of the which the chiefest
is named Zondon, a place both for the beautie of buyldinge, in-
finite riches, varietie of ail things, that excelleth ail the Cities in
the world: insomuch that it maye be called the Store-house and
Marre of all uro¢e. Close by this Citie runneth the famous Ryuer
called the Theames, ,hich from the head wher it ryseth named drsis,
vnto the fall Middway it is thought to be an hundred and forescore
myles. What tan there be in anye place vnder the heauens, that is
not in this noble Citie eyther to be bought or borrowed ?
It hath diuers Hospitals for the relieuing of the poore, six-score
fayre Churches for diuine seruice, a gloryous Burse which they call
the Ryoll Exchaung, for the meeting of Merchants of ail countries
6 vpon] on E rest side 2 om. £ rest 7 Germaine AIG : Germanie lII:" :
Germany F//I6I 7 : German I623 : Germane I63O-3, Islade 21I IO Cath-
nesse so all x3 bygnesse] highnesse G 17 eyes GE rest az Chronicle
AlPE rest : Croniele G 28 Thames GE rest 29 fall middway ¢I/'A :
full middway GE rest (cf. note) an] one " rest 34 Royall Exehange A rest

I92 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
where anye traffique is to be had. And among al the straung and
beautifull showes, mee thinketh there is none so notable, as the
Bridge which crosseth the Theames, which is in manner of a con-
tinuall streete, well replenyshed with large and stately houses on both
sides, and situate vpon twentie Arches, where-of each one is ruade of
excellent free stone squared, euerye one of them being three-score
foote in hight, and full twentie in distaunce one from an other.
To this place the whole Realme hath his recourse, wher-by it
seemeth so populous, that one would scarse think so many people
to be in the whole Island, as he shall see somtymes in 2Eondon. o
This maketh Gentlemen braue, and Merchaunts rich, Citisens to
purchase, and soiourns to morgage, so that it is to be thought, that
the greatest wealth and substaunce of the whole Realme is couched
with-in the walles of 2London, where they that be rich keepe it from
those that be ryotous, hOt deteining it from the lustie youthes of xs
2England by rigor, but encreasing it vntill young men shall sauor of
reason, wherein they shew them-selues Tresurers for others, hOt
horders for thê-selues, yet although it be sure enough, woulde they
had it, in my opinion, it were better to be in the Gentle-mans purse,
then in the Merchants handes. 2o
There are in this Isle two and twentie Byshops, which are as it
wer superentêdaunts ouer the church, mn of great zeale, and
deepe knowledge, diligent Preachers of the worde, earnest followers
of theyr doctrine, carefull watchmenne that the Woulfe deuoure hOt
the Sheepe, in ciuil gouernment politique, in ruling the spirituall
sworde (as farre as to them vnder their Prince apperteineth)iust,
cutting of those members from the Church by rigor, that are obstinate
in their herisies, and instructing those that are ignoraunt, appoynt-
ing godlye and learned Ministers in euery of their Seas, that in their
absence maye bee lightes to such as are in darkenesse, salt to those 30
that are vnsauorie, leauen to such as are hOt seasoned.
Uisitations are holden oftentymes, where-by abuses and disorders,
eyther in the laitie for negligence, or in the clergie for superstition,
or in al for wicked liuing there are punyshements, by due execution
wherof the diuine seruice of God is honoured with more purifie, and
followed with greater sinceritie.
2 thinkes re«t $ Thames G re«/ in a manner : in yo manner 'res
6 stones E test x soiourners GP res! : soionrnonrs E 15 them E rest
Ul Iland E rest 2 0 in ciuil] the Citàl EF: in the Ciuill Hrest sprituall III
26 toi in GE rest 27 their] the rest 29 Sees E rest àI are
seasoned E rest 34 al] al, 2]I.4 there] three

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE I93
There are also in this Islande two famous Uniuersitles, the one
Oforde, the other Ca»ridKe , both for the profession of all sciences,
for Diuinifie, phisicke, Lawe, and all kinde of learning, excelling all
the Uniuersities in Christendome.
I was my selfe in either of them, & like them both so well, that
I meane hOt in the way of controuersie to preferre any for the better
in Englande, but both for the best in the world, sauing this, that
Colledges in Oxeford are much more stately for the building, and
Cam$ridge much more sumptuous for the houses in the towne, but
the learning neither lyeth in the free stones of the one, nor the fine
streates of the other, for out of them both do dayly proceede men
of great wisedome, to rule in the common welth, of leaming to
instruct the common people, of all singuler kinde of professions to
do good to all. And let this suflïce, hOt to enquire which of them
is the superiour, but that neither of them haue their equall, neither
to aske which of them is the most auncient, but whether any other
bee so famous.
But to proceede in Englande, their buildings are hot ver), stately
vnlesse it be the houses of noble men and here & there, the place of
a Gentleman, but much amended, as they report yt haue told me.
For their munition they haue hot onely great stoore, but also great
cunning to vse thê, and courage to practise them, there armour is
hOt vnlike vnto that which in other countries they vse, as Corselets,
Almaine Riuetts, shirts of male, iacks quilted and couered ouer with
Leather, Fustion, or Canuas ouer thicke plates of yron that are
sowed in the saine.
The ordinaunce they haue is great, and thereof great store.
Their nauie is deuided as it were into three sorts, of the which the
one serueth for warres, the other for burthen, the thirde for fishermen.
And some vessels there be (I knowe hot by experience, and yet I be-
leeue by circumstance) that will salle nyne hundered myles in a weeke,
when I should scarce thinke that a birde could flye foure hundred.
Touching other commodities, they haue foure bathes, the first
called Saint nce,ts: the seconde, I-rallie zoell, the third A?u.çton,
the fourth (as in olde time they reade) Cair A?ledud, but nowe taking
h[s naine of a town neere adioyning it, is called the A?at.
5 like] like of Aï test 7 that] y : the " test 80xfod E test
13 of * ot. rest, ex«ett ]6z 3 x 4 to ail] withall test ]5 neither*] nor
E test 2 their t test 4 iackes G 63o-36 : Iackts 6z 3 a6 in] to
GE test u9 burden AB thirde] other test 3 ° I oto. ;E test 3
could] will E test 33 other] their £ test 35 they] we £ test
OtD 11 0

94 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Besides this many wonders there are to be found in this Islad,
which I will not repeat bicause I my selfe neuer sawe them, and you
haue hearde of greater.
Concerning their dyot, in number of dishes and chaUg of meate,
yo nobilitie of England do exceed most, hauing ail things yt either
may be bought for money, or gotten for the season : Gentlemen and
merchaunts feede very finely, & a poore man it i's that dineth with
one dish, and yet so content with a little, that hauing halle dyned,
they say as it were in a prouerbe, yt they are as well satisfied as the
Lorde Major of London whom they think to rare best, though he
eate hOt most.
In their meales there is great silence and grauitie, vsing wine
rather to ease the stomacke, then to load it, hOt like vnto other
nations, who neuer thinke yt they haue dyned till they be dronken.
The attire they vse is rather ledde by the imitation of others, then
their owne inuention, so that there is nothing in Englande more
constant, then the inconstancie of attire, nowe vsing the irench
fashion, nowe the Spanish, then the Morisco gownes, thê one thing,
then another, insomuch that in drawing of an English man yO paynter
setteth him downe naked, hauing in ye one hande a payre of sheares,
in the other a peece of cloath, who hauing cut his collar after the
french guise is readie to make his sleeue after the Barbarian màner.
And although this were the greatest enormitie that I coulde see in
Englande, yet is it to be excused, for they that cannot maintaine this
pride must leaue of necessitie, and they that be able, will leaue when
they see the vanitie.
The lawes they vse are different from ours for although the
Common and Ciuil lawe be not abolished, yet are they not had in
so greate reputation as their owne common lawes which they tearme
the lawes of the Crowne.
The regiment that they haue dependeth vppon statute lawe, & that
is by Parlament which is the highest court, consisting of three seueral
sortes of people, the Nobilitie, Clergie, & Commons of the Realme,
so as whatsoeuer be among them enacted, the Queene striketh the
stroke, allowing such things as to hir maiesty seemeth best. Then
vpon common law, which standeth vpon Maximes and principles,
Besides . . . Island] Besides, in this Iland are many wonders to be fonnde E
test a )'ou] I//test $ of before ail H test * 4 vntill E test ao y*
oto. E rest ai peech//" collar//rest : choler.3IA : cholar BG 3 were]
weare E 2 4 it is A a8 Common ai1 eds. : q.v. ? C.'mon a 9 tearmes 161
34 King/-/(I6O9) rest 35 his tf rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE i95
yeares & tearmes, the cases in this lawe are called plees, or actions,
and they are either criminall or ciuil, yO meane to determine are
writts, some originall, some iudiciall: Their trials & recoueries are
either by verdect, or demur, confession or default, wherin if any
fault haue beene committed, either in processe or forme, marrer or
iudgement, the partie greeued may haue a write of errour.
Then vpon customable law, which consisteth vppon laudable cus-
tomes, vsed in some priuate countrie.
Last ofall vppon prescription,whiche is a certeine custome continued
time out of minde, but it is more particuler then their customary lawe.
Murtherers & theeues are hanged, witches burnt, al other villanies
that deserue death punished wt death, insomuch that there are very
fewe haynous offences practised in respecte of those that in other
countries are commonly vsed.
Of sauage beastes and vermyn they haue no great store, nor any
that are noysome, the cattell they keepe for profite, are Oxen, Horses,
Sheepe, Goats, and Swine, and such like, whereof they haue abun-
dance, wildfole and fish they want none, nor any thing that either
may serue for pleasure or profite.
They haue more store of pasture then tillage, their meddowes
better then their corne field, which maketh more grasiors then
Cornemungers, yet sufficient store of both.
They excel for one thing, there dogges of al sorts, spanels, hounds,
maisfiffes, and diuers such, the one they keepe for hunting and
hawking, the other for necessarie vses about their houses, as to drawe
water, to watch theeues, &c. and there-of they deriue the worde
mastiffe of Mase and thiefe.
There is in that Isle Sait ruade, & Saffron, there are great quarries
of stone for building, sundrie minerals of Quicksiluer, Antimony,
Sulphur, blacke Lead and Orpiment redde and yellowe. Also there
groweth 'yo finest Alum yt is, Uermilion, Bittament, Chrisocolla,
Coi)oms, the minerai stone whereof Petreolum is ruade, and that
which is most straunge, the minerall pearle, which as they are for
greatnesse and coulour most excellent, so are they digged out of the
maine lande, in places farre distant from the shoare.
x Pleas E test .3 tiall E rtst 4 ,¢erdit A rest, exce2t verdict F 6
writ//' rest 9 vppon ara. E resl IO customable A" resl I 7 and i o]l l
Frest 18 wildefoule A-F: Wih|e fowle//-636 2 fields/? rest
23 their ,4 rest Spaniels/t resi z 4 maistifta ,4 : mastifs B : Mastifes A'b:
Maistifes//: Mastiffes 6 7 rest for] of E a 7 Mastife/gE-// 9
stones BG buildings E test 3 Allum 4/;': Allom £ test Bittamen
F. rest 3z Copevas G : Coporas Frest Petrolium/ test
O

x94 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Besides this many wonders there are to be found in this Island,
which I will not repeat bicause I my selfe neuer sawe them, and )'ou
haue hearde of greater.
Concerning their dyot, in number of dishes and chag of meate,
yO nobilitie of England do exceed most, hauing all things yt either
may be bought for money, or gotten for the season : Gentlemen and
merchaunts feede very finely, & a poore man it i that dineth with
one dish, and yet so content with a little, that hauing halfe dyned,
they say as it were in a prouerbe, yt they are as well satisfied as the
Lorde Major of London whom they think to fare best, though he
eate not most.
In their meales there is great silence and grauitie, vsing wine
rather to ease the stomacke, then to load it, hOt like vnto other
nations, who neuer thinke yg they haue dyned till they be dronken.
The attire they vse is rather ledde by the imitation of others, then
their owne inuention, so that there is nothing in Englande more
constant, then the inconstancie of attire, nowe vsing the French
fashion, nowe the Spanish, then the Morisco gownes, th one thing,
then another, insomuch that in drawing of an English man yo paynter
setteth him downe naked, hauing in yO one hande a payre of sheares,
in the other a peece of cloath, who hauing cut his collar after the
french guise is readie to make his sleeue after the Barbarian màner.
And although this were the greatest enormitie that I coulde see in
Englande, yet is it to be excused, for they that cannot maintaine this
pride must leaue of necessitie, and they that be able, will leaue when
they see the vanitie.
The lawes they vse are different from ours for although the
Common and Ciuil lawe be not abolished, yet are they not had in
so greate reputation as their owne common lawes which they tearrae
the lawes of the Crowne.
The regiment that they haue dependeth vppon stature lawe, & that
is by Parlament which is the highest court, consisting of three seueral
sortes of people, the Nobilitie, Clergie, & Commons of the Realrae,
so as whatsoeuer be among them enacted, the Queene striketh the
stroke, allowing such things as to hir maiesty seemeth best. Then
vpon common law, which standeth vpon Maximes and principles,
t Besides . . . Island] Besides, in this Iland are many wonders to be fonnde E
res/ 2 you]IErest $ of¢foreallttrest 4 vntillErest 20 y*
oto. E rest ai peech I[ collar E test: choler.)lq : cholar BG 23 were]
weare E 24 it is 4 28 Common ai1 eds. : qy. ?C.'mon a 9 tearmes 16l
34 King//(t6o9) test 35 his ttrest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE I95
yeares & tearmes, the cases in this lawe are called plees, or actions,
and they are either criminall or ciuil, yo meane to determine are
writts, some originall, some iudiciall : Their trials & recoueries are
either by verdect, or demur, confession or default, wherin if any
fault haue beene committed, either in processe or forme, matter or
iudgement, the partie greeued may haue a write of errour.
Then vpon customable law, which consisteth vppon laudable cus-
tomes, vsed in some priuate countrie.
Last ofall vppon prescription,whiche is a certeine custome continued
time out of minde, but itis more particuler then their customary lawe.
Murtherers & theeues are hanged, witches burnt, al other villanies
that deserue death punished w t death, insomuch that there are very
fewe haynous offences practised in respecte of those that in other
countries are commonly vsed.
Of sauage beastes and vermyn they haue no great store, nor any
that are noysome, the cattell they keepe for profite, are Oxen, Horses,
Sheepe, Goats, and Swine, and such like, whereof they haue abun-
dance, wildfole and fish they want none, nor any thing that either
may serue for pleasure or profite.
They haue more store of pasture then tillage, their meddowes
better then their corne field, vhich maketh more grasiors then
Cornemungers, yet sufficient store of both.
They excel for one thing, there dogges of al sorts, spanels, hounds,
maisiffes, and diuers such, the one they keepe for hunting and
hawking, the other for necessarie vses about their bouses, as to drawe
water, to watch theeues, &c. and there-of they deriue the worde
mastiffe of Mase and thiefe.
There is in that Isle Sait made, & Saffron, there are great quarries
of stone for building, sundrie minerals of Quicksiluer, Antimon¥,
Sulphur, blacke Lead and Orpiment redde and yellowe. Also there
groweth 'ye finest Alum yt is, Uermilion, Bittament, Chrisocolla,
Coporus, the minerai stone whereof Petreolum is ruade, and that
which is most straunge, the minerall pearle, which as they are for
greatnesse and coulour most excellent, so are they digged out of the
maine lande, in places farre distant from the shoare.
x Pleas E rest 3 triall E rest 4 verdit .4 test, excet verdict F 6
writ B rest 9 vppon ont. E rest IO customable A" rest t 7 and t oto.
f:rest 18 wildefoule .4-F: Wilde fowle/f-1636 at fields B rest
23 their.4rest Spanielstlrest 24 maistifts.4: mastifsB: Mastifes/'/;:
Maistifes./l: Mastiffesx617rest for]ofE a' Mastife/,'E-/t 29
stones BG buildings E t'est 3 Allure .4/? : AIIom E t'est Bittamen
test 32 Coperus G: Coporas l'rest Petrolium E rest
02

x9 6 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Besides these, though hOt straunge, yet necessarie, they haue Coi¢
mines, sali Peter for ordinance, Sali Sode for Glasse.
They want no Tinne nor Leade, there groweth Yron, Steele and
Copper, and what hOt, so hath God blessed that countrie, as if
shoulde seeme hOt onely fo haue suflïcient to serue their owne
turnes, but also others necessities, whereof there was an olde saying,
all countries stande in neede of IBritaine, and IBr[taine of none.
Their Aire is very wholsome and pleasant, their ciuilitie hot in-
feriour to those that deserue best, their wittes ve,3' sharpe and quicke,
although I haue heard that the Italian and the lrencfi-man have ac- ,o
compted them but grose and dull pated, which I think came hOt to
passe by the proofe they made of their wits, but by the Englishmans
reporte.
For this is straunge (and yet how true it is there is none that euer
trauailed thether but ean reporte) that it is alwayes inciden to an
English-man, to thinke worst of his owne nation, eyther in learning,
experience, comm0 reason, or wit, preferring alwaies a straunger
rather for the naine, then the wisdome. I for mine owne parte thinke,
that in all luroe there are hot Lawyers more learned, Diuines more
profound, Phisitions more expert, then are in England.
But that which most allureth a straunger is their curtesie, their
ciuilitie, & good entertainment. I speake this by experience, that
I found more curtesie in England among those I neuer knewe, in
one yeare, then I haue donc in Athens or Italy among those I euer
loued, in twentie.
But hauing entreated sufficiently of the countrey and their condi-
tions, let me corne to the Glasse I promised being the court, where
although I should as order requireth beginne with the chiefest yet
I ara enforced with the Painter, to reserue my best coulors to end
Venus, and to laie the ground with the basest.
First then I must tell you of the graue and wise Counsailors, whose
foresight in peace warranteth saftie in warre, whose prouision in
plentie, maketh sufficient in dearth, whose care in health is as it
were a preparatiue against sicknesse, how great their wisdom hath
beene in ail things, the twentie two yeares peace doth both shew
and proue. For what subtilty hath ther bin wrought so closly, what
priuy attempts so craftily, what rebellions stirred vp so disorderly,

no] neither E rest 4 that] the F test 9 vnto E test I I pattl]
paced E ,6 worse E rest u 5 yeeres after twentie E resl 27 ha
before the* " rest u 9 forced E rest 05 both] best E test

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE t97
but they haue by policie bewrayed, preuented by wisdome, repressed
by iustice ? What conspiracies abroad, what confederacies at home,
what injuries in anye place hath there beene contriued, the which they
haue not eyther fore-seene before they could kindle, or quenched
$ before they could flame ?
If anye wilye IZlysses should faine maddnesse,there was amonge them
alwayes some talaraedes to reueale him, if any The/is went about to
keepe hir sonne from the doing of his countrey seruice, there was
also a wise Vlysses in the courte to bewraye it : If Sinon came with
to a smoothe tale to bringe in the horse into Z'roye, there hath beene
alwayes some couragious Zaocaon to throwe his speare agaynst the
bowelles, whiche beeing hot bewitched with Zaotoan, hath vnfoulded
that, which Zaowan suspected.
If Argus with his hundred eyes went prying to vndermine Iuiter,
5 yet met he with 2]lercurie, who whiselled ail his eyes out : in-somuch
as ther coulde neuer yet any craft preuaile against their policie, or
any chalenge against their courage. There hath alwayes beene
.4tAilles at home, to buckle with Ifector abroad, Nes/ors grauitie to
counteruaile _Priams counsail, VEsses subtilties to mach with 2ffnlenors
2o policies, l?ngland hath al those, yt can and haue wrestled with al
others, wher-of we can require no greater proofe then experience.
]Besides they haue al a zelous care for the encreasing of true
religi6, whose faiths for the most part hath bin tried through the
tire, which they had felt, had hOt they fledde ouer the water. More-
25 -ouer the great studie they bend towards schooles of learning, doth
suflïciently declare, that they are hOt onely furtherers of learning,
but fathers of the learned. O thrlse happy l?ngland where such
Counsaylours are, where such people liue, where such verrue
springeth.
3 ° Amonge these shall you finde Zoirus that will mangle him-selfe
to do his country good, Achales that will neuer st,art an ynch from
his Prince .4eneas, 2Vausicaa that neuer wanted a shfft in extre-
initie, Calo that euer counsayled to the best, tglolomeus thiladel -
phus that alwaies maintained learning. Among the number of ail

3 hath there] hath at any time E : haue at any time res 4, 5 they] it
E rest 7 alwayes oto. E rest 8 his] her E rest 9 Vylisses A li, I], 13
Lacaon ail eds. I I thrust E test 15 whisteled GE test 18 Achilli Air
19 match A rest uo al* oto. E res/ uS hath] haue l:rest 24 hot
they] they not E rest 30 Zophirus " res/ 31 Atchates AB 3a Nausicla
all ed. his af ter in E rest 33 vnto E rest Ptholomeus AB rest
Philodelphus E rest, exce2Ot .6 5

9 8 :EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
which noble and wise counsailors, (I can-not but for his honors sake
remember) the most prudent & right honourable y« Lorde BurKleiKh ,
high Treasurer of that Realme, no lesse reuerenced for his wisdome,
than renowmed for his office, more ]oued at home then feared abroade,
and yet more feared for his counsayle amonge other nations, then 5
sworde or lyre, in whome the saying of Igamemon may be verified,
who rather wished for one such as Nestor, then many such as /iax.
This noble man I round so ready being but a straunger, to do me
good, that neyther I ought to forget him, neyther cease to pray for
him, that as he hath the wisdome of IVestor, so he may haue the .o
age, that hauing the policies of æl_v«e, he may haue his honor,
worthye to lyue long, by whome so manye lyue in quiet, and hOt
vnworthy to be aduaunced, by whose care so many haue beene
preferred.
Is hOt this a Glasse fayre Ladyes for all other countrie to beholde, 15
wher there is hOt only an agreement in fayth, religion, and counsayle,
but in friend-shyppe, brother-hoode and lyuing ? By whose good
endeuours vice is punyshed, vertue rewarded, peace establyshed,
forren broyles repressed, domesticall cares appeased ? what nation
can of Counsailors desire more ? what Dominion, y excepted, bath 2o
so much ? whê neither courage can preuai|e against their chiualrie,
nor craft take place agaynst their counsayle, nor both ioynde in one
be of force to vndermine their countr); when you haue dase|ed your
eies with this Glasse, behold here an other. It was my fortune to
be acquated with certaine English Gent]emen, which brought mee 5
to the court, wher when I came, I was driuen into a maze to behold
the |usty & braue gal|ants, the beutifu| & chast Ladies, y« rare &
godly orders, so as I could hOt tel whether I should most c6mend
vertue or brauery. At the last c6ming oftner thether, then it be-
seemed one of my degree, yet hOt so often as they desired my 30
company, I began to prye after theyr manners, natures, and lyues,
and that which followeth I saw, where-of who so doubteth, I will
sweare.
The Ladyes spend the morning in deuout prayer, hOt resembling
the Gentlewoemen in Greece & lta,, who begin their morning at 35
midnoone, and make their euening at midnight, vsing sonets for
psalmes, & pastymes for prayers, reading y Epistle of a Louer,
which.., wise] wise, noble, and which rai, txcel vise noble, and with
1623 9 neyther 1] I neither l¢rest, except I neuer 6z 3 15 other
oto. rest country / rest 2I Chiualries I1 rest 28 goodly rest
31 mmmers.., lyues] manners, and natures, E rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE "99
-when they should peruse the Gospell of out Lorde, drawing wanton
lynes when death is before their face, as lrcAim«des did triangles &
circles when the enimy was at his backe. Behold Ladies in this
glasse, that the seruice of God is to be preferred before ail things,
imitat the Englysh Damoselles, who haue theyr bookes tyed to theyr
gyrdles, hOt fethers, who are as cunning in yo scriptures, as you are
in lriosto or tetrarck or anye" booke that lyketh you best, and
becommeth you worst.
For brauery I cannot say that you exceede them, for certainly
o it is ye most gorgious court that euer I haue seene, read, or heard
of, but yet do they not vse theyr apperell so nicelye as you in Italy,
who thinke scorn to kneele at seruice, for feare of wrinckles in your
silks, who dare hOt lift vp your head to heauê, for feare of rQpling ye
rufs in your neck, yet your hfids I c6fesse are holden vp, rather
I thinke to shewe your ringes, then to manifest your righteousnesse.
The biauerie they vse is for the honour of their Prince, the attyre
you weare for the alluring of your pray, the ritch appareil maketh
their beautie more seene, your disguising causeth your faces to be
more suspected, they resemble in their rayment the Estric]t who being
2o gased on, closeth hir winges and hideth hir fethers, you in your robes
are not vnlike the pecocke, who being praysed spreadeth hir tayle,
and bewrayeth hir pride. Ueluetts and Silkes in them are like golde
about a pure Diamond, in you like a greene hedge, about a filthy
dunghill. Thinke not Ladies that bicause you are decked with
golde, you are endued with grace, imagine not that shining like the
Sunne in earth, yea shall climbe the Sunne in heauen, looke diligently
into this English glasse, and then shall you see that the more costly
your appareil is, the greater your curtesie should be, that you ought
to be as farre from pride, as you are from pouertie, and as neere to
princes in beautie, as you are in brightnes. Bicause you are braue,
disdaine not those that are base, thinke with your selues that russet
coates haue their Christendome, that the Sunne when he is at his
hight shineth aswel vpon course carsie, as cloth of tissue, though you
haue pearles in your eares, Iewels in your breastes, preacious stones
on your fingers, yet disdaine hOt the stones in the streat, which
2 Archimides «lI 5-6 who haue theyr ..... fethers ont. t£ rest 7 ora]
and " rest Petrarck ? : Petraek 21I-G : Petrark/ rest 9 certaine
£ rest fo gorgious GE rest: gorgeoust MA/? xz your] their ? rest
3 lift] life H heads ? rest x 7 the aI their Frest x 9 garments E rest
26 yea] ye E rest 3 o in a] for E rest 32-3 at the highest E rest 33
Kersie 623 34 eares] eyes " rest

2oo EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
although they are nothing so noble, yet are they much more neces-
sarie. Let not your robes hinder your deuotion, learne of the English
Ladies, yt God is worthy fo be worshipped with the most pfice, fo
whom you ought fo giue all praise, then shall you be
wise, who now are but staring stockes fo the foolish,
praysed of most, who are now pointed at of ail, then shall God beare
with your folly, who nowe abhorreth your prude.
As the Ladies in this blessed Islande are deuout and braue, so are
they chast and beaudfull, insomuch that when 1 first behelde them,
I could hot tell whether some mist had bleared myne eyes, or some o
strang enchauntment altered my minde, for if may bee, thought I, that
in this Islfid, either some Artemidorus or Zisimandro, or some odd
2ViKromancer did inhabit, who would shewe me Fayries, or the bodie
of tteIen, or the new shape of lenus, but eomming to my selle, and
seeing that my senees were hOt ehaunged, but hindered, that the
place where I stoode was no enehaunted eastell, but a gallant court,
I eould searee restraine my voyee fro crying, There is no beautie but
in EnKfid. There did I behold the of pure complexion, exeeeding
the lillie, & the rose, of fauour (wherein ye ehiefest beautie eonsisteth)
surpassing the pictures that were feyned, or the Magition that would
faine, their eyes pereing like the Sun beames, yet chast, their speaeh
pleasant & sweete, yet modest & curteous, their gare comly, their
bodies straight, their hands whJte, al things that man eould wish, or
women woulde haue, whieh howe much it is, none ean set downe,
when as yo one desireth as mueh as may be, the other more. And
to these beautifull mouldes, ehast minds: to these eomely bodies
têperanee, modestie, mildenesse, sobrietie, whom I often beheld,
merrie yet wise, eonferring with courtiers yet warily : drinking of wine
yet moderately, eating of delicats yet but their eare fui, listing to
diseourses of loue but not without reasoning of leaming : for there it
more delighteth them to talke of Robin hood, then to shoot in his
bowe, & greater pleasure they take, to heare of loue, then to be in
loue. Heere Ladies is a Glasse that will make you blush for shame,
& looke wan for anger, their beautie commeth by nature, ),ours by
art, they enerease their fauours with faire water, you maintaine yours
with painters eolours, the haire they lay out groweth vpon their ov¢ne
heads, yOur seemelines hangeth vpon others, theirs is alwayes in their
Ea xY ur*] Fou E.F 3 the oto. E rest ,2 Artimedoms /'-G: Artimidorus
- .030-30 : ArUnaodors//_1613 22 gate] grace E test z3 men E res!
20 mmds to a'/l these u] the
a 9 eare] eares a rest lystaing
A test $ of oto. ttrest $4 tma] pale

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE
owne keeping, yours often in the Dyars, their bewtie is not lost with
a sharpe blast, yours fadeth ",vith a sort breath : Not vnlike vnto Paper
Floures, which breake as soone as they are touched, resembling the
birds in Aeg2vlt called Ies, who being handled, loose their feathers,
or the serpent Serapie, which beeing but toucht with a brake,
bursteth. They vse their beautie, bicause it is commendable, you
bicause you woulde be common, they if they haue little, doe not
seeke to make it more, you that haue none endeauour to bespeake
most, if theirs wither by age they nothing esteeme it, if yours wast by
fo yeares, you goe about to keepe it, they knowe that beautie must
faile if life continue, you sv¢eare that it shall hOt fade if coulours
last.
But to what ende (Ladies) doe you alter the giftes of nature, by
the shiftes of arte ? Is there no colour good but white, no Planer
bright but Venus, no Linnê faire but Lawne? Why goe yee about
to make the face fayre by those meanes, that are most foule, a thing
loathsome to man, and therefore not louely, horrible before God, and
therefore hOt lawefull.
Haue you not hearde that the beautie of the Cradell is most
2o brightest, that paintings are for pictares ith out sente, hot for
persons with true reason. Follow at the last Ladies the Gentle-
women of England, who being beautifull doe those thinges as shall
beecome so amyable faces, if of an indifferent hew, those things as
shall make them louely, hot adding an ounce to beautie, that may
b detmct a dram from vertue. Besides this their chastitie and tem-
parance is as rare, as their beautie, hOt going in your footesteppes,
that drinke wine belote you rise to encrease your coulour, and swill it
when you are vp, to prouoke your lust: They vse their needle to
banish idlenes, hOt the pen to nourish it, hOt spending their rimes in
3o answering ye letters of those that woe them, but forswearing the com-
partie of those that write them, giuing no occasion either by wanton
lookes, vnseemely gestures, vnaduised speach, or any vncomly be-
hauiour, of lightnesse, or liking. Contrarie to the custome of many
eountries, where filthie wordes are aceompted to sauour of a fine
3 witte, broade speach, of a bolde courage, wanton glaunces, ofa sharpe
eye sight, wicked deedes, of a comely gesture, all vaine delights, of
a right curteous curtesie.
I in] at Frest 4 Ibis x63o--36 8 but &efore you E rest 14 shifies]
gifts E test x$ ott BE test x 7 mea E ret 2a as] that F res
4 they efore shall 2II an] one E rest $o those] them S' test

202 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
And yet are they hOt in England presise, but wary, hOt disdainefull
to conferre, but carefui to offende, hOt without remorse where they
perceiue trueth, but wtout replying where they suspect trecherie, when
as among othcr nations, there is no raie so lothsome to chast eares
but it is heard with great sport, and aunswered with great speade.
Is it hot then a shame (Ladyes) that that little Island shoulde be
a myrrour to you, to Europe, to the whole worlde ?
Where is the temperance you professe when wine is more common
then water ? where the chastity whê lust is thought lawful, where the
modestie when your mirth turneth to vncleanes, vncleanes to shame-
lesnes, shamelesnesse to al sinfulnesse ? Learne Ladies though late,
yet at length, that the chiefest title of honour in earth, is to giue ail
honour to him that is in heauen, that the greatest brauerie in this
worlde, is to be burning lampes in the worlde to come, that the
clearest beautie in this life, is to be amiable to him that shall giue life
eternall : Looke in the Giasse of England, too bright I feare me for
your eyes, what is there in your sex that they haue hot, and what that
you should hOt haue ?
They are in prayer deuoute, in brauery humble, in beautie chast,
in feasting temperate, in affection wise, in mirth modest, in al their
actions though courtlye, bicause woemen, yet Aungeis, bicause
virtuous.
Ah (good Ladies) good, I say, for that I loue you, I would yee
could a little abate that pride of your stomackes, that loosenesse of
minde, that lycentious behauiour which I haue seene in you, with no
smal sorowe, and can-not remedy with continuail sighes.
They in England pray when you play, sowe when you sleep, fast
when you feast, and weepe for their sins, when you laugh at your
sensualitie.
They frequent the Church to serue God, you to see gallants, they
deck them-selues for clenlinesse, you for pride, they maintaine their
beautie for their owne lyking, you for others lust, they refraine wine
bicause they fear to take too mucb, you bicause you can take no
more. Corne Ladies, with teares I call you, looke in this Glasse,
repent your sins past, refrain your present vices, abhor vanities to
corne, say thus with one voice, we
English Glasse : a Glas of grace to them, of grief to you, to them in
I they are E rest 2 fearefuil rest 4 talke E test 9 your
before iust E rest 13 this] the E rest x 5 life i oto. E rest 17 your]
you/ they] you Frest 3 yee] you B rest 27 sewe 1;rest 28 their]
your E test 34 into EF 35 vice//rest 36 thus] this BE rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE 203
the steed of righteousnes, to you in place of repêtance. The Lords
& Gentlemen in yt court are also an example for ail others to folow,
true tipes of nobility, the only stay and star to honor, braue courtiers,
stout soldiers, apt to reuell in peace, and ryde in warre. In fight
fearce, hot dreading death, in friendship firme, hOt breaking promise,
curteous to ail that deserue well, cruell to none that deserue ill.
Their aduersaries they trust not, that sheweth their wisdome, their
enimies they feare hOt, that argueth their courage. They are hOt apt
to proffer iniuries, nor fit to take any: loth to pick quarrels, but
longing to reuenge them.
Actiue they are in ail things, whether it be to wrestle in the games
of Oly»ia, or to fight at Barriers in talestra, able to carry as great
burthens as 'lo, of strength to throwe as byg stones as Turnus, and
what hOt that eyther man hath done or may do, worthye of such
Ladies, and none but they, and Ladies willing to haue such Lordes,
and none but such.
This is a Glasse for our youth in Greece, for your young ones in
Italy, the Eglish Glasse, behold it Ladies and Lordes, and ail, that
eyther meane to haue pietie, vse brauerie, encrease beautie, or that
desire temperancie, chastitie, witte, wisdome, valure, or any thing that
may delight your selues, or deserue praise of others.
But an other sight there is in my Glasse, which maketh me si'gh
for griefe I can-not shewe it, and yet had I rather offend in derogating
from my Glasse, then my good will.
Blessed is that Land, that hath ail commodities to encrease the
common wealth, happye is that Islande that hath wise counsailours
to maintaine it, vertuous courtiers to beautifie it, noble Gentle-menne
to aduaunce it, but to haue suche a Prince to gouerne it, as is their
Soueraigne queene, I know hOt whether I should thinke the people
to be more fortunate, or the Prince famous, whether their felicitie be
more to be had in admiration, that haue such a ruler, or hir vertues
to be honoured, that hath such royaltie : for such is their estat ther,
that I am enforced to think that euery day is as lucky to the
Englishmen, as the sixt daye of Februarie bath beene to the
Grecian.
But I see you gase vntill I shew this Glasse, which you hauing

I the ont..4 rest 3 types GF rest toi of A/rest 9 nor] hOt
Frest Il are] bee rest 7-8 for our...it] for youth in Greece and
Italie, behold it E rest 18 Ladies and Lordes ail, A rest, excet G Ladies
Lordes, and ail 26 Islande] land E rest 34 Eglishman A" rest

o4 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
once seene, wil make you giddy: Oh Ladies I know not when to
begin, nor where to ende : for the more I go about to expresse the
brightnes, the more I finde mine eyes bleared, the neerer I desire to
corne to it, the farther I seme from it, not vnlike vnto Siraonides, who
being curious to set downe what God was, the more leysure he tooke, $
the more loth hee was to meddle, saying that in thinges aboue reach,
it was easie to catch a straine, but impossible to touch a Star : and
therfore scarse tollerable to poynt at that, which one can neuer pull
at. When 4lexander had commaunded that none shoulde paint him
but 4flelles, none carue him but Zysi?flus, none engra.ue him but o
29irgoteles, 29arrhasius framed a Table squared, euerye way twoo
hundred foote, which in the borders he trimmed with fresh coulours,
and limmed with fine golde, leauing ail the other roume with-out
knotte or lyne, which table he presented to 41exander, who no lesse
meruailing at the bignes, then at the barenes, dema0ded to what fS
ende he gaue him a frame with-out face, being so naked, and with-out
fashion being so great. 29arrhasius aunswered him, let it be lawful
for 29arrhasius, 0 Alexander, to shew a Table wherin he would paint
llexander, if it were not vnlawfull, and for others to square Timber,
though 1.y$id#d#tt$ carue it, and for ail to cast brasse though 29irgoteles 2o
ingraue it. 41exander perceiuing the good minde of 29arrhasius,
pardoned his boldnesse, and preferred his arte : yet enquyring why
hee framed the table so bygge, hee aunswered, that hee thought that
frame to bee but little enough for his Picture, when the whole worlde
was to little for his personne, saying that Alexander must as well bee aS
praysed, as paynted, and that all his victoryes and vertues, were hOt
for to bee drawne in the Compasse of a Sygnette, but in a fielde.
This aunswer 41exander both lyked & rewarded, insomuch that it
was lawful euer after for Parrhasius both to praise that noble king
and to paint him. So
In the like manner I hope, that though it be not requisite that any
should paynt their Prince in England, that can-not sufficiently perfect
hir, yet it shall not be thought rashnesse or rudenesse for Euflhues,
to frame a table for Elizabeth, though he presume not to paynt hir.
Let 4elles shewe his fine arte, Euphues will manifest his faythfull 3S
heart, the one can but proue his conceite to blase his cunning, the
other his good will to grinde his coulours: hee that whetteth the
2 or E test 4 vnto] to / test 8 one] none F test I I Pergotale»
GE test Pharrasius E test 13 roome GE rest 17, 18, 21, 29 Pharrasius F
test 2o Pergoteles G : Pergotales E test u 7 for om. E test Signet A test
u8 that] as E test 3 x the ont. lE test

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE o 5
tooles is hOt to bec misliked, though hec can-not carue the Image,
the v¢orme that spinneth the silke, is to be esteemed, though she
cannot worke the sampler, they that fell tymber for shippes, are hOt
to be blamed, bicause they can-not builde shippes.
He that caryeth morter furthereth the building, though hec be
no expert Mason, hec that diggeth the garden, is to be considered,
though he cannot treade the knottes, the Golde-smythes boye must
haue his wages for blov6ng the tire, though he can-not fashion the
Iewell.
Then Ladyes I hope poore Euphues shalt not bec reuiled, though
hec deserue hOt to bec rewarded.
I will set downe this Elizabeth, as neere as I can : And it may be,
that as the Venus of Ipelles, not finished, the Tindarides of dVicho-
rnachus hot ended, the Mredea of Timomachus hOt perfeeted, the table
of t'arrhasius hOt eouloured, brought greater desire to them, to eon-
sumate them, and to others to sec them : so the Elizabeth ofEuphues,
being but shadowed for others to vemish, but begun for others to
ende, but drawen with a blacke eoale, for others to blase with a bright
coulour, may worke either a desire in Euphues heereafter if he liue,
to ende it, or a minde in those that are better able to amende it, or
in ail (if none c.an worke it)a wil to wish it. In the meane season
I say as Zeuxis did when he had drawen the pieture of .4talanta,
more wil enuie me then imitate me, and hOt eommende it though
they eannot amende it. But I eome to my England.
There were for a long time eiuill wars in this eottrey, by reason of
seueral claymes to the Crowne, betweene the two famous and noble
houses of [.ancaster and Yorke, either of them pretending to be of
the royall bloude, whieh caused them both to spende their vitall
bloode, these iarres continued long, not vithout great losse, both
to the Nobilitie and Comminaltie, who ioyning hOt in one, but diuers
parts, turned the realme to great ruine, hauing almost destroyed their
cou-ntrey before they coulde annoynt a king.
But the lyuing God who was loath to oppresse England, at last
began to represse iniuries, and td giue an ende by mereie, to those
that eould finde no ende of malice, nor looke for any ende of mis-
ehiefe. So tender a eare hath he alwaies had of that England, as of
a new Israel, his ehosen and peeulier peo, ple.
5 the before Morter E rest :5 Trindarides EF Nicomachns tïr-:63t
x 5 Pharrasius Frest 9 eitheir ,ll zz Zeuxes E: Xeuxes Frest 2 5
were] was E rest this] the GE rest 37 peculier] beloed E test

206 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
This peace began by a marriage solemnized by Gods speciall
prouidence, betweene Henrie Earle of Rilchmond heire of the house
of Zamaser, and Elizabeth daughter to Edward the fourth, the
vndoubted issue and heire of the house of }brhe, where by (as they
tearme it) the redde Rose and the white, were vnited and ioyned
together. Out of these Roses sprang two noble buddes, Prince
Arthur and Henrie, the eldest dying without issue, the other of most
famous memorie, leauing behinde him three children, Prince
warde, the Ladie A[arie, the Ladie Elizabeth. King Edwarde liued
hOt long, which coulde neuer for that Realme haue liued too long,
but sharpe frostes bite forwarde springes, Easterly windes blasteth
towardly blossoms, cruell death spareth not those, which we our selues
liuing cannot spare.
The elder sister the Princes A[arie, succeeded as next heire to the
crowne, and as it chaunced nexte heire to the graue, touching whose
life, I tan say little bicause I was scarse borne, and what others say,
of me shalbe forborne.
This Queene being deceased, Eiizabeth being of the age of xxij.
yeares, of more beautie then honour, & yet of more honour then any
earthly creature, was called from a prisoner to be a Prince, from the
castell to the crowne, from the feare of loosing hir heade, to be
supreame heade. And here Ladies it may be you wil moue a ques-
tion, why this noble Ladie was either in daunger of death, or cause
of distresse, which had you thought to haue passed in silêce, I would
notwithstanding haue reueiled.
This Ladie all the time of hir sisters teigne was kept close, as one
that tendered not those proceedings, which were contrarie to hir
conscience, who hauing diuers enemies, endured many crosses, but
so patitly as in hir deepest sorrow, she would rather sigh for the
libertie of the gospel, then hir own freedome. Suffering hir inferiours
to triumph ouer hir, hir foes to threatê hir, hir dissembling friends to
vndermine hir, leaming in all this miserie onely the patience that
Zeno taught retricus to beare and forbeare, neuer seeking reuenge
but with good Zycurgus, to loose 'hir owne eye, rather then to hurt
an others eye.
But being nowe placed in the seate royall, she first of al established
religion, banished poperie, aduaunced the worde, that before was so

3 toi of E rest II blaste rest I2 whom 2 rest 4 elder]
eldest E rest I8 deseased 3IAH 1617: disetased B 20 be ont. E test
2fi reuealed rest, exce2lreueled 16, 7 33 Eretieus Erest 36 stablshed
M rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE 207
much defaced, who hauing in hir hatlde the sworde to reuenge, vsed
rather bountifully to reward : Being as farre from rigour when shee
might haue killed, as hir enemies were from honestie when they
coulde not, giuing a general pardon, when she had cause to vse
perticuler punishments, preferring the name of pittie before the
remêbrance of perils, thinking no reuenge more princely, then to
spare when she might spill, to staye when she might strike, to profer
to saue with mercie, when she might haue destroyed 'ith Justice.
Heere is the clemencie 'orthie commendation and admiration,
nothing inferiour to the gentle disposition of .4rislides, who after
his exile did hOt so much as note them that banished him, saying
'ith .41exander that there c.an be nothing more noble then to doe
well to those, that deserue yll.
This mightie and merciful Queene, hauing many bils of priuate
persons, yt sought before rime to betray hir, bumt them ail, resem-
bling _rulius Coesar, who being preseted with ye like complaints of his
comm6s, threw them into ye tire, saying that he had rather, not
knowe the names of rebels, then haue occasion to reueng, thinking
it better to be ignorant of those that hated him, then to be angrie
with them.
This clemencie did hir maiestie not onely shew at hir comming
to the crowne, but also throughout hir -hole gouemement, when she
bath spared to shedde their bloods, that sought to spill hirs, hOt
racking the lawes to extremitie, but mittigating the rigour with mercy
insomuch as it may be said of yt royal Monarch as it was of Anto-
ninus, surnamed ye godly Emperour, who raigned many yeares with-
-out the effusion of blood. What greater verrue c.an there be in a
Prince then mercy, what greater praise then to abate the edge which
she should whette, to pardon where she shoulde punish, to re'arde
where she should reuenge.
I my selfe being in EnKland when hir maiestie was for hir recrea-
tion in her Barge vpon ye Thames, hard of a Gun that was shotte off
though of the partie vnwittingly, yet to hir noble person daungerously,
which fact she most graciously pardoned, accepting a iust excuse
before a great amends, taking more griefe for hir poore Bargeman
that was a little hurt, then care for hir selfe that stoode in greatest
hasarde : O rare example of pittie, O singuler spectacle of pietie.

6 his] the E rest 3 had E rest 5-6 Antonius ai1, except Antonus E
29 to 2] and to E rest 32 heard E rest 33 vnwittngly 2tl 34 a oto.
E rest $6 stoode] was E rest $7 pittie] pietie E

2o8 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Diuers besides haue there b'eene which by priuate conspiracles,
open rebellions, close wiles, cruel witchcraftes, haue sought to ende
hir life, which saueth ail their liues, whose practises by the diuine
prouidence of the aimightie, haue euer beene disdosed, insomuch that
he hath kept hir safe in the whales belly when hir subiects went
about to throwe hir into the sea, preserued hir in the hoat Ouen,
when hir enimies encreased the tire, not suffering a haire to fal from
hir, much lesse any harme to fasten vppon hir. These iniuries &
treasons of hir subiects, these policies & vndermining of forreine
nations so littled moued hir, yt she woulde often say, let them
knowe that though it bec hOt lawfull for them to speake what they
list, yet it is lawfull for vs to doe with them what we list, being
alwayes of that mercifull minde, which was in Theodosius, who wishid
rather that he might call the deade to life, then put the liuing to
death, saying with Augustus when she shoulde set hir hande to any
condempnation, I woulde to God we could not writ. Infinite were
the ensamples .that might be alledged, and almost incredible, whereby
shee hath shewed hir selfe a Lambe in meekenesse, when she had
cause to be a Lion in might, proued a Doue in fauour, whê she was
prouoked to be an Eagle in fiercenesse, requiting iniuries with benefits,
reuenging grudges with gifts, in highest maiestie bearing the lowest
minde, forgiuing ail that sued for mercie, and forgetting ail that
deserued Iustice.
O diuine nature, O heauenly nobilitie, what thing can there more
be required in a Prince, then in greatest power, to shewe greatest
patience, in chiefest glorye, to bring forth chiefest grace, in abund-
aunce of ail earthlye pompe, to manifest aboundaunce of ail heauenlye
pietie ? O fortunate England that hath such a Queene, vngratefull
if thou praye not for hir, wicked if thou do not loue hir, miserable, if
thou loose hir.
Heere Ladies is a Glasse for ail Princes to behold, that being
called to dignitie, they vse moderation, not might, tempering the
seueritie of the lawes, with the mildnes of loue, not executing al they
wil, but shewing what they may. Happy are they, and onely they
that are vnder this glorious and gracious Souereigntie : in-somuch that
I accompt ail those abjects, that be not hir subiectes.
I there hane E rest 6 hotte ABGF I6 3 : hote E : hot I63O-36
increase/f rest 12 is it BG I6 write A rest 17 examples E rest
4-5 can there be more A/: eanbemoreErest a 7 pome 21/': felicitieErest
ail a om. 1£ rest 29 thon (bis)] you E rest 3o yon " rest 53 they]
their " rest 35 Soueraigne E rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE zo9
But why doe I treade still in one path, when I haue so large
a fielde to walke, or lynger about one flower, when I haue manye
to gather: where-in I resemble those that beeinge delighted with
the little brooke, negleet the fountaines head, or that painter, that
5 being curious to coulour Cupids Bow, forgot to paint the string.
As this noble Prince is endued with mercie, paeienee and modera-
tion, so is she adourned with singuler beautie and ehastitie, excelling
in the one Fenus, in the other l/'esta. Who knoweth hot how rare
a thing it is (Ladies) to match virginitie with beautie, a chast minde
o with an amiable face, diuine eogitations with a comelye counten-
aunee ? But suehe is the graee bestowed vppon this earthlye God-
desse, that hauing the beautie that myght allure ail Princes, she hath
the ehastitie also to refuse ail, aecounting it no lesse praise to be
ealled a Uirgin, then to be esteemed a l/'enus, thinking it as great
15 honour to bee round chast, as thought amiable: Where is now
Electra the chast Daughter of Agamemnon ? Where is Zala that
renoumed Uirgin? Wher is Aemilia, that through hir chastitie
wrought wonders, in maintayning continuall tire at the Airer of
Vesga? Where is Claudia, that to manifest hir virginitie set the
2o Shippe on float with hir finger, that multitudes could hOt remoue
by force ? Where is 2"uccia one of the same order, that brought
to passe no lesse meruailes, by carrying water in a siue, not shedding
one drop from 2"iber to the Temple of Vesta ? If Uirginitie haue
such force, then what hath this chast Uirgin Elizabeth don, svho
z5 by the space of twenty and odde yeares with continuall peace against
ail policies, with sundry myracles, contrary to ail hope, hath gouerned
that noble Island. Against whome neyther forren force, nor ciuill
fraude, neyther discorde at home, nor conspirices abroad, could
preuaile. What greater meruaile hath happened since the beginning
3o of the world, then for a young and tender Maiden, to gouern strong
and valiaunt menne, then for a Uirgin to make the whole worlde,
if hOt to stand in awe of hir, yet to honour hir, yea and to liue in
spight of ail those that spight hir, vith hir sword in the sheth, with
hir armour in the Tower, with hir souldiers in their gownes, inso-
35 much as hir peace may be called more blessed then the quiet raigne
of _Aruma lompilius, in whose gouernment the Bees haue made their
hiues in the soldiers helmettes. Now is the Temple of anus re-
4 fountaine F rcst that i] the E rtst 5 forgat/-/resl 7 adourned]
indued E rest 17 renowned Aï rest x Tuccia] Tuscia I-G: Tuseia E ret
z 5 peach//" 26 sundry ara. E rest z8 conspiracies A rest
IOND 11 P

2Io EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
moued from Rome to England, whose dore hath not bene opened
this twentie yeares, more to be meruayled at, then the regiment
of 13ebora, who ruled twentie yeares with religion, or Semyramis
that gouerned long vith power, or .Zenobia that reigned six yeares
in prosperitie.
This is the onelye myracle that virginitie euer wrought, for a little
Island enuironed round about with warres, to stande in peace, for
the walles of 1;raunce to burne, and the bouses of England to freese,
for ail other nations eyther with ciuile sworde to bee deuided, or
with forren foes to be inuaded, and that countrey neyther to be ,o
molested with broyles in their owne bosomes, nor threatned with
blasts of other borderrs: But alwayes though hOt laughing, yet
looking through an Emeraud at others iarres.
Their fields haue beene sowne with corne, straungers theirs
pytched with Camps, they haue their men reaping their haruest, t
when others are mustring in their harneis, they vse their peeces to
fowle for pleasure, others their Caliuers for feare of perrill.
O blessed peace, oh happy Prince, O fortunate people : The lyuing
God is onely the Englysh God, wher he bath placed peace, which
bryngeth ail plentie, annoynted a Uirgin Queene, which with a wand 2o
ruleth hir owne subiects, and with hir worthinesse, winneth the good
willes of straungers, so that she is no lesse gratious among hir own,
then glorious to others, no lesse loued of hir people, then merualed
at of other nations.
This is the blessing that Christ alwayes gaue to his people, peace :
This is the curse that hee giueth to the wicked, there shall bee no
peace to the vngodlye : This was the onelye salutation hee vsed to
his Disciples, peace be vnto you : And therefore is hee called the GOD
of loue, and peace in hollye writte.
In peace was the Temple of the Lorde buylt by Salomon, Christ 3o
would hot be borne, vntill there were peace through-out the whole
worlde, this was the only thing that Esechias prayed for, let there be
trueth and peace, O Lorde in my dayes. Ail which examples doe
manifestly proue, that ther can be nothing giuen of God to man
more notable then peace. 3.
x dores haue //rest 3 Semyramis G: Semeriamis IA: Semiriamis B:
Semiramis/ rest 4 gonerned] ruled/ rest 9 ciile] cruel AB G 12 blast
Iz" rest borders E rest x3 Emrald E: Emerald " rest 14 theirs]
their//: there 16 7 rest 7 perrils " test aa will " rest 2 7 onely
the af rest 29 holy A rest 30 8alamon AB 34 giuen of God to man
ont. E rest

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE I
This peace hath the Lorde continued with great and vnspeakeab;e
goodnesse amonge his chosen people of /?nKl«na'. How much is
that nation bounde to such a Prince, by whome they enioye ail
benefits of peace, hauing their bames full, when others famish, their
cofers stuffed with go;d, when others haue no siluer, thek wiues
wffhout daunger, when others are defamed, their daughters chast,
when others are defloured, theyr bouses furnished, when others are
fired, where they haue a|| thinges for superflufie, others nothing to
sustaine their neede. This peace hath God giuen for hir verrues,
pittie, moderation, virginitie, which peace, the same God of peace
continue for lis names sake.

Ouching the beautie of this Prince, hir countenaunce, hir per-
sonage, hir maiestie, I can-not thinke that it may be sufficiently
commended, vhen it can-not be too much meruailed at: So that
S I am constrained to saye as lraxitiles did, when hee beganne to
paynt Venus and hir Sonne, who doubted, v-hether the vorlde could
affoorde coulours good enough for two such fayre faces, and I whether
our tongue canne yeelde wordes to blase that beautie, the perfection
where-of none canne imagine, which seeing it is so, I must doe like
no those that want a cleere sight, who being hot able to discerne the
Sunne in the Skie are inforced to beholde it in the water. Zeuxis
hauing before him fiftie faire virgins of Sparta vhere by to draw one
amiable Venus, said, that fiftie more fayrer then those coulde not
minister sufficent beautie to shewe the Godesse of beautie, therefore
us being in dispaire either by art to shadow hir, or by imagination to
c3prehend hir, he drew in a table a faire temple, the gates open,
& Venus going in, so as nothing coulde be perceiued but hir backe,
wherein he vsed such cunning, that l??elles himselfe seeing this
worke, wished y Venus would turne hir face, saying y if it were in
3 ° ail partes agreeable to the backe, he woulde become apprentice to
Zeuxis, and slaue to Venus. In the like manner fareth it with me,
for hauing ail the Ladyes in ltaly more then fiftie hundered, vhereby
to coulour lizabeth, I must say with Zeuxis, that as many more will
hOt suffise, and therefore in as great an agonie paint hir court with
a5 hir back towards you, for y¢ I cannot by art portraie hir beautie,
wherein though I want the skill to doe it as Zeuxis did, yet vewing
it narrowly, and comparing it wisely, you ail vill say y if hir face be
xu-3 her Maiestie, ber personage, E test 5 Praxitiles sa ai1 x8 my ? r¢st
a 4 suoEcient /rest 30 an Apprentize E test 37 ail om. E test
P2

22 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
aunswerable to hir backe, you wil like my handi-crafte, and become
hir handmaides. In the meane season I leaue you gasing vnti]l she
turne hir face, imagining hir tobe such aone as nature framed, to
yt end that no art should imitate, wherein shee hath proued hir selle
to bee exquisite, & painters to be Apes.
This Beautifull moulde when I behelde to be endued, with chas-
titie, temperance, mildnesse, & ail other good giftes of nature (as
hereafter shall appeare) -hen I saw hir to surpasse ail in beautie,
and yet a virgin, to excell all in pietie, and yet a prince, to be in-
friour to none in ail the liniaments of the bodie, and yet superiour
to euery one in ail giftes of the minde, I beegan thus to pray, that as
she bath liued fortie yeares a virgin in great maiestie, so she may lyue
fourescore yeares a mother, with great ioye, that as with hir we haue
long time hadde peace and plentie, so by hir we may euer haue quiet-
nesse and aboundaunce, wishing this euen from the bottome of a heart
that wisheth well to 2ngland, though feareth ill, that either the world
may ende before she dye, or she lyue to see hir childrens children in
the world : otherwise, how tickle their state is yt now triumph, vpon
what a twist they hang that now are in honour, they yt liue shal sec
which I to thinke on, sigh. But God for his mercies sake, Christ for
his merits sake, ya holy Ghost for his names sake, graunt to that
realme, comfort with-out anye iii chaunce, & the Prince they haue
without any other chaunge, that ya longer she liueth the sweeter she
may smell, lyke the bird lbis, that she maye be triumphant in vic-
tories lyke the Palme tree, fruitfull in hir age lyke the Uyne, in ail
ages prosperous, to ail men gratious, in ail places glorious : so that
there be no ende of hir praise, vntill the ende of ail flesh.
Thus did I often talke with my selfe, and wishe with mine whole
soule.
What should I talke of hir sharpe wit, excellent wisedome, ex-
quisite leaming, and ail other qualifies of the minde, where-in she
seemeth as farre to excell those that haue bene accompted singular,
as the learned haue surpassed those, that haue bene thought simple.
In questioning not inferiour to Nicaulia the Queene of Saba, that
did put so many hard doubts to Salomon, equall to Nicostrata in the
Greeke tongue, who was thought to giue precepts for the better

x x the before gifts tl rest x 4 long., hadde] had long time E res euer may
E rest .6 fareth E rest 8 fickle x63o-36 x 9 now oto. E rest
& the Prince ... other chaunge, oto. S" rest 2 4 vnto afier like E rest 2 7
praises rest z 9 heart G test 3a as] so test 35 Salamon AB

EUPHUES' GLASS FOP, EUROPE 23
perfecti6." more learned in the Zatine, then /lmalasunfa: passing
qsasia in Philosophie, who taught Perides: exceeding in iudge-
ment Z'emis/oclea, who instructed 2ittu*goras, adde to these qualydes,
those, that none of these had, the renc tongue, the çlanis, the
Italian, hot meane in euery one, but excellent in all, readyer to
correct escapes in those languages, then to be controlled, fitter to
teach others, then Marne of anye, more able to adde new rules, then
to erre in yO olde: Insomuch as there is no Embassadour, that
commeth into hir court, but she is willing & able both to vnderstand
his message, & vtter hir minde, hot lyke vnto yo Kings of/lssiria,
who aunswere Embassades by messengers, while they thêselues either
dally in sinne, or short in sleepe. Hir godly zeale to learning, with
hir great skil, bath bene so manifestly approued, yt I cannot tell
whether she deserue more honour for hir knowledge, or admiration
for hir curtesie, who in great pompe, hath twice directed hir Progresse
vnto the Uniuersities, with no lesse ioye to the Students, then glory
to hir State. Where, after long & solempne disputations in Law,
Phisicke, & Diuinitie, hot as one weried with Schollers arguments,
but wedded to their orations, when euery one feared to off.end in
length, she in hir own person, with no lesse praise to hir Maiestie,
then delight to hir subiects, with a wise & learned conclusion, both
gaue them thankes, & put hir selle to paines. O noble patterne of
a princelye minde, not like to yo kings of/èrsia, who in their pro-
gresses did nothing els but cut stickes to driue away the rime, nor
like yO delicate liues of the çy3ari/es, who would hOt adroit any
to be exercised wtin their citie, # might make yo least noyse. Hir
wit so sharp, that if I should repeat the apt aunsweres, yO subtil
questions, yo fine speaches, the pithie sentences, which on yo soddain
she hath vttered, they wold rather breed admirati0 thê credit. But
such are yO gifts yt the liuing God bath indued hir with-all, that looke
in what &rte or Language, wit or learning, vertue or beautie, any
one hath perticularly excelled most, she onely hath generally
ceeded euery one in al, insomuch, that there is nothing to bee
added, that either m would wish in a woman, or God doth giue to
a creature.
I let passe hir skil in Musicke, hir knowledg in al yo other sciences,
t Acalasunta rest 3 Themistoc|es If rest 4 of these] haue E rest
' to belote learne E rest 8 Ambassadour MB I I auns'ered GE Ambas-
sades //7 : Embassages H rest 3 appreued " 17 hir] the . rest the
belote Law ]rest very great belote paines E rest 23 vnto .. rest
28 the yt//" 3z gnerally/I 34 men E rest

4 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
whê as I feare least by my simplicity I shoulde make them lesse then
they are, in seeking to shewe howe great they are, vnlesse I were
praising hir in the gaerie of Olympia,where gyuing forth one worde,
I might heare seuen, °
But all these graces although they be to be wondered at, yet hir $
politique gouernement, hir prudent counsaile, hir zeale o religion,
hir clemencie to those that submit, hir stoutnesse to those that
threaten, so farre exceede all other vertues, that they are more easie
to be meruailed at, then imitated.
Two and twentie yeares hath she borne the sword with such iustice, 1o
that neither offenders coulde complaine of rigour, nor the innocent
of wrong, yet so tempered wt mercie, as malefactours haue beene
sometimes pardoned vpon hope of grace, and the iniuried requited
to ease their griefe, insomuch that in ye whole course of hir glorious
raigne, it coulde neuer be saide, that either the poore were oppressed S
without remedie, or the guiltie repressed without cause, bearing this
engrauen in hir noble heurt, that iustice without mercie were ex-
treame injurie, and pittie without equitie plaine partialitie, and that
it is as great tyranny hot to mitigate Laws, as iniquitie to breake
them. 2o
Hir cure for the flourishing of the Gospell hath wel appeared,
v¢hen as neither the curses of the Pope, (v¢hich are blessings to
good people) nor the threatenings of kings, (which are perillous
to a Prince) nor the perswasions of Papists, (which are Honny to
the mouth) could either feare hir, or allure hir, to violate the holy 25
league contracted with Christ, or to maculate the blood of the
aunciente Lambe, whiche is Christ. But alwayes constaunt in the
true fayth, she hath to the exceeding ioye of hir subiectes, to the
vnspeakeable comforte of hir soule, to the great glorye of God, estab-
lyshed that religion, the mayntenance where-of, shee rather seeketh 3o
to confirme by fortitude, then leaue off for feare, knowing that there
is nothing that smelleth sweeter to the Lorde, then a sounde spirite,
which neyther the hostes of the vngodlye, nor the horror of death,
can eyther remoue or moue.
This Gospell with inuincible courage, with rare constancie, with .5
hotte zeale shee hath maintained in hir owne countries with-out
chaunge, and defended against all kingdomes that sought chaunge,
insomuch that ail nations rounde about hir, threatninge alteration,
xo Two] Fiue E rest, prob.flrst in x582 x 3 injurie E rest 22 course E
3 vnto " rest 37 defenced E-x63x

EUPHUES' GLASS FOR EUROPE 2 S
shaking swordes, throwing fyre, menacing famyne, lnurther, de-
struction, desolation, shee onely hath stoode like a Lampe on the
toppe of a hill, hot fearing the blastes of the sharpe winds, but
trusting in his prouidence that rydeth vppon the winges of the
s foure windes. Next followeth the loue shee beareth to hir subiectes,
who no lesse tendereth them, then the apple of hir owne eye, shewing
hir selle a mother to the aflicted, a Phisition to the sicke, a Soue-
teigne and m.ylde Gouemesse to all.
Touchinge hir Magnanimifie, hir Maiestie, hir Estate royall, there
o was neyther Alexander, nor Galba the Emperour, nor any that might
be compared with hir.
This is she that resembling the noble Queene of 2Vauarr, vseth
the Marigolde for hir flower, which at the rising of the Sunne
openeth hir leaues, and at the setting shutteth them, referring ail
z5 hir actions and endeuours to him that ruleth the Sunne. This is
that Coesar that first bound the Crocodile to the Palme tree,
bridling those, that sought to faine hir: This is that good Pelican
that to feede hir people spareth not to rend hir owne personne:
This is that mightie Eagle, that hath throwne dust into the eyes
2o of the Hart, that went about to worke destruction to hir subiectes,
into whose winges althougIa the blinde Beetle would haue crept,
and so being carryed into hir nest, destroyed hir young ones, yet
hath she with the vertue of hir fethers, consumed that flye in his
owne fraud.
25 She hath exiled the Swallowe that sought to spoyle the Gras-
hopper, and giuen bytter Almondes to the rauenous Wolues, that
endeuored to deuoure the silly Lambes, burning euen with the
breath of hir mouth like y princly Stag, the serpents yt wer en-
gendred by the breath of the huge Elephant, so that now all hir
$o enimies, are as whist as the bird Attagen, who neuer singeth any
tune after she is taken, nor they beeing so ouertaken.
But whether do I wade Ladyes, as one forgetting him-selfe, think-
ing to sound the depth of hir vertues with a few fadomes, when
there is no bottome: For I knowe hot how it commeth to passe,
. that being in this Laborinth, I may sooner loose my seffe, then
finde the ende.
Beholde Ladyes in this Glasse a Queene, a woeman, a Uirgin, in

Lambe GE rest 7 mother toi louing mother vnto E rest to ] vnto
." test '7 rayne ABG: reigne F*6z3: reine ,63o-36 '9 thrownd E
S z whither EH reçt $3 deph A£ $ in*] in twice II

26 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
all giftes of the bodye, in all graces of the minde, in all perfection
of eyther, so farre to excell all men, that I know not whether
I may thinke the place too badde for hir to dwell amonge men.
To talke of other thinges in that Court, wer to bring Egges af ter
apples, or after the setting out of the Sunne, to tell a tale of a
Shaddow.
But this I saye, that all offyces are looked to with great care, that
verrue is embraced of all, vice hated, religion dai!y encreased,
manners reformed, that who so seeth the place there, will thinke it
rather a Church for diuine seruice, then a Court for Princes delight. o
This is the Glasse Ladies wher-in I would haue you gase, where-in
I tooke my whole delight, imitate the Ladyes in ngland, amende
your manners, rubbe out the wrinckles of the minde, and be not
curious about the weams in the face. As for their li«abeth, sith
you can neyther sufficiently meruaile at hir, nor I prayse hir, let vs ]5
all pray for hir, which is the onely duetie we can performe, and the
greatest that we can proffer.
J'ours to commaund
Eulhues.
¶ louis lizabeth. o
tllas, luno, lZenus, cum 2V),mham numine plenam
Sectarunt, "nostra hc," qu6e triumhat, "erit."

Contendunt auide : sic tandem regia Iuno,
"Est mea, de magnis stemma 2#ethdl auis."
"oc &ne, (nec serno lanlorum insignia patère) :
Ingenio ollel ; dos mea," allas ail
ulce Venus risil, vultus in htm[na ff.rit,
"c mea " dixil "eHt, nain quod antelur habeL
Judicio Paridis, gttttt $il r]ala venustas,
Ingenium Pallas Iuno quid wel auos ?"
¢c lenus : impal[ens veleris SaIurnia damni,
"rb[ler in coelis non aris," in¢uil "el."
Inlumut Pallas nunquam passura priorem,
«, PHamides e&nem," &il, "aduller anteL"
Risit, " ebuil, mixlo Cylrea colore,
"Iudicium," dixil, "iler ise ral."
7 that] d rest 9 so oto. test
you] ye test
and e ta stops
5 parure 6 3
3o git B test

]o a bel'are Princes E rest ]5
2z " nostra] I bave added the inverted commas throughout.
hoec .4 rest qnmq" ;/? : qnoeqne 7 rest triumphant
27 vultusque E rest lumnia 29 Paraidis B
34 Priamedes/7 rest Hdenam B rest

JOVI$ ELIZABETH
tssensere, Iouem, conellant vodbus vltrb :
Indpit affari regia Iuno Iouem.
« Iuppiter, Elizabeth vestras si venir ad aures,
( Quam cette omnino ccelica turbo stuent)
fiant roriâ, " meHto sener vult esse Alonarcham
Qu suam, namq est ulchra, diserta, otens.
Quod ulchra, est l/éneris, quod olleat arIe, AHneru#,
Quod t'rinces, 2Vymham quis neKet esse meam
Mrbiter istius, modo vis, certamiMs esto,
Sin minus, est nullum lis habitura modum."
Obstuet Omnipotès, "durum est vuod posciEs," i»quit,
"Est tamen arbitrio res eraKenda meo.
2" soror et coniux Iuno, tu fllia lallas,
s quoq', quid simulera ? ter mihi ehara Venus.
2Van tua, da veniam, funo, nec lalladis illa est,
Nec Veneris, eredas hoe lieet alma Venus.
îIeee luno, hfe Pallas, lénus h£e, " qugi Deatm,
39iuisum lizabeth tutu Ioue numen habeL
rgo quid obstrepitis ? frustra wntenditis" i»quit,
" l/Tdma vox haze est, lizabetha mea est."
Lr'uhues
s fouis lizabeth, net quid loue maius habendum,
.Et, loue test G foui es tno, 3linerua, l/'enus.

THese Uerses uhues sent also vnder his Glasse, which hauing
5 I once finished, he gaue him-selfe to his booke, determininge
to ende his lyfe in Athens, although he hadde a moneths minde to
England, who at all tymes, and in ail companies, was no niggarde of
his good speach to that Nation, as one willyng to liue in that Court,
and wedded to the manners of that countrey.
ao It chaunced that being in Athem not passing one quarter of a
yeare, he receiued letters out of England, from lhilautus, which
I thought necessarye also to insert, that I might giue some ende to
the matters in England, which at uhues departure were but rawly
left. And thus they follow.

5 Monarchum EF 6 7 test: Nonarehum H 6 Quzeque E test anam
.,1/'.4 deserta alleds. 7 Mineruoe / .67 resl: Minerua/ç-/rar 8
negit ,4 : negat Frest 14 quoqtam E 16 veneris Frest 17 hee (bis)
,4 rest qleq' AB: queque E : qmm]ue F rest x8 mumen M 2
Est " rest a3 Ioue] Ioui EF es] est B" test 33 in] of 23E rest

218 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
'M[autus fo fiis owne
Eulues.
I Haue oftentimes (Eulues) sinee thy departure eomplained, of
the distance of place that I am so farre from thee, of the length
of rime that I eoulde hOt heare of thee, of the spire of Fortune, that
I might hOt sende to thee, but rime at length, and not too late,
bieause at last, hath recompensed the iniuries of ail, offering me both
a eonuenient messenger by whom to send, and straung newes whereof
to write.
Thou knowest howe frowarde matters went, whê thou tookest
shippe, & thou wouldest meruaile to heere howe forwarde they were
belote thou strokest saile, for I had hOt beene long inLondon, sure
I am thou wast hOt then at Atens, when as the corne whiehe was
greene in the blade, beg. to wax ripe in the eare, when the seede
whieh I searee thought to haue taken roote, began to spring, when
the loue of çurius whiche hardly I would haue gessed to haue
a blossome, shewed a budde. But so vnkinde a yeare it hath beene
in ngIand, that we felt the heate of the Sommer, belote we eould
discerne the temperature of the Spring, insomueh that we were ready
to make Haye, belote we eoulde mowe grasse, hauing in effeete the
Ides of May belote the Calends of Match, which seeing it is so
forward in these things, I meruailed the lesse to see it so redy in
matters of loue, wher oftentimes they elap hands belote they know the
bargaine, and seale the Oblygation, belote they read the condition.
At my being in the house of Camilla, it happened I round Surius
aceompanied with two knights, and the Lady Flauia with three other
Ladyes, I drew back as one somewhat shamefast, when I was willed
to draw neere, as one that was wished for. Who thinking of nothing
lesse then to heare a eOtraet for mariage, wher I only expeeted
a eoneeipt for mirth, I sodainly, yet solempnly, hard those wordes of
assurance betweene Surius & Camilla, in the which I had rather
haue bene a partie, then a witnes, I was hOt a lyttle amazed to see
them strike the yron which I thought eolde, & to make an ende belote
I eould heere a beginning. When they saw me as it were in a traunce,
SuHus taking mee by the hand, began thus to iest.
You muse Philautus to sec Camilla & me to bec assured, hOt that
you doubted it vnlikely to come to passe, but that you were ignorant
7 it be/rore bath E re«t offered E re«t '7 hath it 7 re«t 2 3
theit before hands aS" test 2 4 conditon ,I 2 5 in] at DE rest 3o
for] of BE rest

PHILAUTUS TO EUPHUES 2x 9
of the practises, thinking the diall to stand stil, bicause you cannot
perceiue it to moue. But had you bene priuie to ail proofes, both of
hir good meaning towards me, and of my good wil towards hir, you
wold rather haue thought great hast tobe ruade, then long deliberation.
For this vnderstande, that my friends are vnwilling yt I shold match
so low, hOt knowing yt loue thinketh ye Iuniper shrub, tobe as high
as ye rai Oke, or yO Nightingales layes, to be more preeious then yO
Ostritches feathers, or yO Lark yt breedeth in yO ground, to be better
then ye Hobby yt mounteth to the eloudes. I haue alwaies hetherto
preferred beautie before riches, & honestie before bloud, knowing
that birth is yo praise we reeeiue of our auneestours, honestie the
renowne we leaue to our sueeessours, & of to britle goods, riches
& beautie, I had rather chuse that which might delyght me, then
destroy me. Made mariages by friends, how daungerous they haue
bene I know, tg/ilautus, and some present haue proued, which can
be likened to nothing els so well, then as if a man should be
constrayned to pull on a shooe by an others last, hot by the length
of his owne foote, which beeing too little, v«rings him that v«eares it,
not him yt made it, if too bigge, shameth him that hath it, not him
o that gaue it. In meates, I loue to came wher I like, & in mariage
shall I be carued where I lyke not ? I had as liefe an other shold
take mesure by hJs back, of my apparel, as appoint what wife I shal
haue, by his minde.
In the choyce of a wife, sundry men are of sundry mindes, one
as looketh high as one yt feareth no chips, saying y* the oyle that
swimmeth in yo top is yO wholsomest, an other poreth in yO ground,
as dreading al daungers that happen in great stocks, alledging that
yO honny yt lieth in ye bottome is yo sweetest, I assent to neither,
as one willing to follow the meane, thinking yt the wine which is in
3o the middest to be the finest. That I might therfore match to mine
owne minde, I haue ehosê Camilla, a virgin of no noble race, nor
yet the childe of a base father, but betweene both, a Gentle-woman
of an auncient and worshipfull house, in beautie inferior to none, in
vertue superior to a number.
sS Long rime we loued, but neither durst she manifest hir affection,
bicause I was noble» nor I vtter myne, for feare of offenee, seeing
î' Oakes /9" test 8 Estridges /? test la to ] two A rest 15
hot afier know ,E test t6 liked E: likned/7 test 2o carue] craue
/ 67, 623 craued 617, 1623 z2 shal] should/9" test 3
my " z6 in 1] on 7 test poring 7 test in ] on ['re»'t 27
alleadgeth F rest 29 yt oppt. I r rest

2o EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
in hir alwayes a minde more willing to cary torches belote Ytsta,
then tapers before Iuno. But as tire whê it bursteth out catcheth
hold soonest of the dryest wood, so loue when it is reueyled,
fasteneth easiest vppon the affectionate will, which came to passe in
both vs, for talking of Loue, of his lawes, of his delyghts, torments,
and ail other braunches, I coulde neither so dissemble my liking,
but that she espied it, where at I began to sigh, nor she so cloake
hir loue, but that I perceiued it, where at shee began to blush:
at the last, though long rime strayning curtesie who should goe ouer
the stile, when we had both hast, I (for that I knew womê would
rather die, then seeme to desire) began first to vnfolde the extremities
of my passions, the causes of my loue, the constancie of my faith,
the which she knowing to bee true, easely beleeued, and replyed in
the like manner, which I thought not certeine, not that I mis-
doubted hir faith, but that I coulde hot perswade my selle of so
good fortune. Hauing thus ruade ech other priuie to out wished
desires, I frequêted more often to Camilla, which caused my friendes
to suspect that, which nowe they shall finde true, and this was the
cause that we al meete heere, that before this good company, we
might knit that knot with out tongues, that we shall neuer vndoe
with out teeth.
This was Surius speach vnto me, which Cam[lla with the test
affirmed. But I Eu.Pleurs, in whose hart the stumpes of Loue were
yet sticking, beganne to chaunge colour, feelyng as it were newe
stormes to arise after a p]easaunt calme, but thinking with my selle,
that the rime was past to woe hir, that an other was to wedde,
I digested the Pill which had almost chockt me. But rime caused
me to sing a new Tune as after thou shalt heare.
After much talke and great cheere, I taking my leaue departed,
being willed to visite the Ladie t}lau[a at my leasure, which worde
was to me in steede of a welcome.
Within a while after it was noysed that Srius was assured to
Camilla, which bread great quarrells, but hee like a noble Gentle-
-man reioycing more in his Loue, then esteeminge the losse of his
friendes, maugre them all was maried, not in a chamber priuatelye
as one fearing tumultes, but openlye in the Church, as one ready to
aunswer any objections.
3 reuealed ,4 test $ of efore vs/? test î I] she ZE rest hot
sheso/: nor she toE: orshee to': orsheesotIrest 1o hasteB'//163
rest 5 of]toE I î by before my E 6 was a om, l rest
¢boakt B test 30 willing I test 33 bred I)E test great oto. ABE rest

PHILAUTUS TO EUPHUES

22I

This mariage solemnised, could not be recalled, which caused
his Allies to consent, and so ail parties pleased, I thinke them the
happyest couple in the worlde.

N Ow Euhues thou shalt vnderstand, that ail hope being cut off,
from obtaining Camilla, I began to vse the aduauntage of
the word, that Lady Flauia cast out, whome I visited more lyke to
a soiourner, then a stranger, being, absent at no time from breackfast,
till euening.
Draffe was naine arrand, but drinke I would, my great curtesie
was to excuse my greeuous tormentes : for I ceased not continuallye
to courte my violette, whome I neuer round so coye as I thought,
nor so curteous as I wished. At the last thinking not to spend ail
my wooinge in signes, I fell to flatte sayinges, reuealing the bytter
sweetes that I sustained, the ioy at hir presence, the griefe at hir
absence, with al speeches that a Louer myght frame: She not
degenerating from the wyles of a woeman, seemed to accuse men
of inconstancie, that the painted wordes were but winde, that
feygned sighes, were but sleyghtes, that all their loue, was but to
laugh, laying baites to catch the fish, that they meant agayne to
throw into the ryuer, practisinge onelye cunninge to deceyue, not
curtesie, to tell trueth, v'here-in she compared ail Louers, to llizaldus
the Poet, which was so lyght that euery winde would blowe him awaye,
vnlesse hee had lead tyed to his heeles, and to the fugitiue stone
in Cyzico, which runneth away if it be hOt fastened to some post.
Thus would she dally, a wench euer-more giuen to such disporte :
I aunswered for my selfe as I could, and for ail men as I thought.
Thus oftentimes had we conference, but no conclusion, many
meetinges, but few pastimes, vntill at the last Surius one that could
quickly perceiue, on which side my bread was buttered, beganne
to breake with me touching Frauncis, hOt as though he had heard
any thing, but as one that would vnderstand some-thing. I durst
hOt seeme straunge when I founde him so curteous, knowing that
in this marrer he might almoste worke ail to my lyking.
I vnfolded to him from rime to time, the whole discourses I had
with my Uiolet, my earnest desire to obtaine hir, my landes, goodes,
and reuenues, who hearing my tale, promised to further my suite,
2 parts E test 6 y* belote Lady B to on. E rest 9 errand/9£" rest
t sayinges] sayig Z)E test 17 the] their F rest 8 slights AB 2 t
Mizaidos Frest 24 Cicyco 4/i': Cicico/PE test 3o Fraunces
Yranci$ 67-63t : Frances 656 33 to oto. E test 54 discourse £ test

222 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
where-in he so besturred his studie, that with-in one moneth,
I was in possibilitie to haue hir, I most wished, and least looked for.
It were too too long to write an historie, being but determined to
send a Letter : therefore I will diferre ail the actions and accidentes
that happened, vntill occasion shall serue eyther to meete thee, or 5
minister leasure to me.
To this ende it grewe, that conditions drawen for the perform-
aunce of a certaine ioynter (for the which I had manye Italians
bounde) we were both made as sure as Surius and Camilla.
Hir dowrie was in redy money a thousand pounds, and a fayre o
house, where-in I meane shortelye to dwell. The ioynter I must
make is foure hundred poundes yearelye, the which I must heere
purchase in EnglaM, and sell my landes in llaly.
Now Euphues imagine with thy self that t'hilautus beginneth to
chaunge, although in one yeare to marie and to thriue it be hard. .
But would I might once againe see thee heere, vnto whome thou
shalt be no lesse welcome, then to thy best friende.
Surius that noble Gentleman commendeth him vnto thee, Camilla
forgetteth thee hOt, both earnestly wish thy returne, with great
promises to do thee good, whether thou wish it in the court or in 2o
the countrey, and this I durst sweare, that if thou corne againe
into England, thou wilt be so friendly entreated, that either thou
wilt altogether dwell here, or tarry here longer.
The Lady 2ZTauia saluteth thee, and also my Uiolet, euery one
wisheth thee so well, as thou canst wish thy selfe no better. 2
Other newes here is none, but that which lyttle apperteynetl to
mee, and nothing to thee.
Two requestes I haue to make, aswel from Surius as my selfe,
the one to corne into England, the other to heare thyne aunswere.
And thus in hast I byd the farewell.
1;ebruarie. 579.

From London the first of 30
Thyne or hot h:s owne :
PHILAVTVS.

His Letter being deliuered to Euphues, and well perused, caused
him both to meruaile, and to ioy, seeing ail thinges so straungly
concluded, and his friende so happilye contracted: hauing therefore by
I bestirred .E test 4 deferre // test 9 boutade] bonds H test 5
thrue 2ll 2 and oto. tIrest 2 enterated 21I 2 5 as] that .E resl 26
thereHrest 2 7 vntorest 28 haue]amrest 30 the] thee M/
ou .E test

EUPHUES TO PHILAUTUS 223
the saine meanes opportunitie to send aunswere, by the whiche he
had pleasure to receiue newes, he dispatched his letter in this forme.

¶ uhues lo 19hilautus.
r'Her cold nothing haue come out of lïnglàd, to lïuhues more
1 welcome thê thy letters, vnlesse it had bin thy person, which
when I had throughly perused, I could not at ye first, either beleeue
thê for ye stragnes, or at the last for the happinesse : for vpon the
sodaine to heare such alterations of Surius, passed ail credit, and to
vnderstand so fortunate successe to 19hilautus, ail expectation: yet
considering that manye thinges fall betweene the cup and the lippe,
that in one lucky houre more rare things corne to passe, thê soin-
rimes in seuen yeare, that mariages are made in heauen, though
consumated in yearth, I was brought both to beleeue the euents,
and to allow them. Touching Surius and Camilla, there is no doubt
but that they both will lyue well in mariage, who loued so well before
theyr matching, and in my mind he delt both wisly & honorably,
to prefer vertue before vain-glory, and the godly ornaments of nature,
before the rich armour of nobilitie : for this must we all think, (how
well soeuer we think of our selues) that vertue is most noble, by the
which men became first noble. As for thine own estat, I will be
bold to co0sel thee, knowing it neuer to be more necessary to vse
aduise thê in mariag. Solon gaue counsel that before one assured
him-self he should be so warie, that in tying him-selfe fast, he did
not vndo him-selfe, wishing them first to eat a Quince peare, yt is
to haue sweete conference with-out brawles, then sait to be 'ise
with-out boasting.
In t?ce(o)tia they couered the bride with Asaragonia the nature
of the which plant is, to bring sweete fruit out of a sharpe thorne,
wher-by they noted, that although the virgin were somwhat shrewishe
at the first, yet in time shee myght become a sheepe.
Therefore _tghilaulus, if thy Uyolet seeme in the first moneth either
to chide or chafe, thou must heare with out reply, and endure it with
patience, for they that can-not surfer the wranglyngs of young maryed
women, are not vnlyke vnto those, that tasting the grape to be sower
before it be ripe, leaue to gather it when it is ripe, resemblyng them,
that being stong with the Bee, forsake the Honny.
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24 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
Thou must vse sweete words, not bitter checkes, & though happely
thou wilt say that wandes are to be wrought when they are greene,
least they rather break then bende when they be drye, yet know
also, that he that bendeth a twigge, bicause he would see if it wold
bow by strength, maye chaunce to haue a crooked tree, when he
would haue a streight.
It is pretelye noted of a contention betweene the Winde, and the
Sunne, who should haue the victorye. A Gentleman walking abroad,
the Winde thought to blowe of his cloake, which with great blastes
and blusterings striuing to vnloose it, ruade it to stick faster to his
backe, for the more the winde encreased the closer his cloake clapt
to his body, then the Sunne, shining with his hoat beames began to
warme this gêtleman, who waxing somwhat faint in this faire weather,
did not onely put of his cloake but his coate, which the Wynde
perceiuing, yeelded the conquest to the Sunne.
In the very like manner fareth it w young wiues, for if their
husbtds with great threatnings, wt iarres, with braules, seeke to make
thê tractable, or bend their knees, the more stiffe they make them
in the ioyntes, the oftener they goe about by force to rule them, the
more froward they finde them, but vsing milde words, gentle per-
swasions, familyar counsaile, entreatie, submission, they shall not
onely make them to bow their knees, but to hold via their hands,
not onely cause thê to honour them, but to stand in awe of them :
for their stomackes are al framed of Diamond, which is not to be
brused with a hammer but bloode, hot by force, but flatterie, resem-
blyng the Cocke, who is not to be feared by a Serpent, but a glead.
"Fhey that feare theyr Uines will make too sharpe wine, must hOt
cutte the armes, but graft next to them Mandrage, which causeth
the grape tobe more pleasaunt. They that feare to haue curst wiues,
must not with rigor seeke to calme them, but saying gentle words in
euery place by them, which maketh them more quyet.

Instruments sound sweetest, when they
waxe wisest, when they be vsed mildest.
he is hardly rayned, but hauing yO bridle

be touched softest, women
The horse striueth when
neuer stirreth, women are

starke mad if they be ruled by might, but wt a gentle rayne they will Z$
beare a white mouth. Gal was cast out fro yo sacrifice of _runo,

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EUPHUES TO PHILAUTUS 2 5
which betokened that the mariage bed should be without bitternes.
Thou must be a glasse to thy wife for in thy face must she see hir
owne, for if when thou laughest she weepe, when thou mournest she
gigle, the one is a manifest signe she delighteth in others, the other
a token she dispiseth thee. Be in thy behauiour modest, temperate,
sober, for as thou framest thy manners, so wil thy wife fit bits. Kings
that be wrasflers cause their subiects to exercise that feate. Princes
that are Musitians incite their people to vse Instruments, husbands that
are chast and godly, cause also their wiues to imitate their goodnesse.
For thy great dowry that ought to be in thine own handes, for
as we cail that wine, where-in there is more then halfe water, so doe
we tearme that, the goods of the husband which his wife bringeth,
though it be ail.
Ielen gaped for goods, 2aris for pleasure, Vlysses was content
with chast 2enelope, so let it be with thee, that whatsoeuer others
marie for, be thou alwayes satisfied with vertue, otherwise may I vse
that speach to thee that OO'»#ias did to a young Gentleman who only
tooke a wife for beautie, saying : this Gentleman hath onely maryed
his eyes, but by that time he haue also wedded his eare, he wil con-
fesse that a faire shooe wringe, though it be smoothe in the wearing.
Zycurgus ruade a law that there should be no dowry giuen with
Maidens, to the ende that the vertuous might be maryed, who com-
monly haue lytfle, hot the amorous, who oftentimes haue to much.
Behaue thy self modestly with thy wife before company, remem-
bring the seueritie of Cato, who remoued 3Ianilius ff6 the Senate,
for that he was seene to kisse his wife in presence of his daughter:
olde men are seldome merry before children, least their laughter
might breede in them loosenesse, husbands shold scarce lest before
their wiues, least want of modestie on their parts, be cause of wanton-
nes on their wiues part. Imitate the Kings of t>ersia, who when
they were giuen to ryot, kept no company with their wiues, but when
they vsed good order, had their Queenes euer at their table. Giue
no example of lyghtnesse, for looke what thou practisest most, yt x511
thy wife follow most, though it becommeth hir least. And yet
woulde I not haue thy wife so curious to please thee, yt fearing least
hir husband shold thinke she painted hir face, she shold not there-
fore wash it, onely let hir refraine from such things as she knoweth

226 EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND
cînot wel like thee, he yt c6meth before an ElephAt will hot weare
bright colors, nor he that c6meth to a Bul, red, nor he yt standeth
by a Tiger, play on a Taber : for that by the sight or noyse of these
things, they are commonly much incensed. In the lyke manner,
there is no wife if she be honest, that will pmctise those things, that 5
to hir mate shall seeme displeasaunt, or moue him to cholar.
Be thriftie and warie in thy expences, for in olde time, they were
as soone condemned by law that spent their wiues dowry prodigally,
as they that diuorced them wrongfully.
Flye that vyce which is peculiar to al those of thy countrey, to
Ielousie : for if thou suspect without cause, it is the next way to haue
cause, women are to bee ruled by their owne wits, for be they chast,
no golde canne winne them, if immodest no griefe can amende them,
so that all mistrust is either needelesse or booflesse.
Be not too imperious ouer hir, that will make hir to hate thee, nor t5
too submisse, that will cause hir to disdaine thee, let hir neither be
thy slaue, nor thy souereigne, for if she lye vnder thy foote she will
neuer loue thee, if clyme aboue thy head neuer care for thee : the
one will breed thy shame to loue hir to little, the other thy griefe to
surfer too much. o
In goueming thy householde, vse thine owne eye, and hir hande,
for huswifery consisteth as much in seeing things as setlyng things,
and yet in that goe not aboue thy latchet, for Cookes are not to be
taught in the Kitchin, nor Painters in their shoppes, nor Huswiues in
their houses, let al the keyes hangat hir girdel, but the pursse at thine, $
so shalt thou knowe what thou dost spend, and how she can spare.
Breake nothing of thy stocke, for as the Stone 2rhyrrenus beeing
whole, swimmeth, but neuer so lyttle diminished, sinketh to the
bottome : so a man hauing his stocke full, is euer a float, but wasdng
of his store, becommeth bankerout. 3o
Enterteine such men as shall be trustie, for if thou keepe a Volfe
within thy doores to doe mischiefe, or a Foxe to worke cmft and
subtiltie, thou shalt finde it as perrilous, as if in thy barnes thou
shouldest mainteyne Myce, or in thy groundes Moles.
Let thy Maydens be such, as shal seeme readier to take paynes, 35
then follow pleasure, willinger to dresse vp theyr bouse, then their
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EUPHUES TO PHILAUTUS 227
heades, hot so fine fingered, to ca'Il for a Lute, when they shoulde
vse the distaffe, nor so dainetie mouthed, that their silken throtes
should swallow no packthred.
For thy dyet be not sumptuous, nor yet simple: For thy attyre
hot costly, nor yet clownish, but cutting thy coat by thy cloth, go
no farther then shal become thy estate, least thou be thought proude,
and so enuied, nor debase not thy byrth, least thou be deemed poore,
and so pitUed.
Now thou art corne to that honoumble estate, forger all thy former
follyes, and debate with thy selfe, that here-to-fore thou diddest but
goe about the world, and that nowe, thou art come into it, that Loue
did once make thee to folow ryot, that it muste now enforce thee to
pursue thrifte, that then there was no pleasure to bee compared to the
courting of Ladyes, that now there can be no delight greater then to
haue a wife.
Commend me humbly to that noble man Surius, and to his good
Lady Camilla.
Let my duetie to the Ladie .PTauia be remembred, and to thy
Violyt, let nothing that may be added, be forgotten.
Thou wouldest haue me corne againe into JEngland, I woulde but
I can-not : But if thou desire to see .Euphues, when thou art willing
to visite thine Uncle, I will meete thee, in the meane season, know,
that it is as farre from Atens to ngland, as from ngland to
Athens.
Thou sayest I ara much wished for, that manï fayre promises are
made to mec : Trudy t'hilautus I know that a friende in the court
is better then a penney in the purse, but yet I haue heard that suche
a friend cannot be gotten in the court without pence.
Fayre words latte fewe, great promises without performance, delight
for the tyme, but yerke euer af ter.
I cannot but thanke Surius, who wisheth me well, and all those
that at my beeing in EnKland lyked me wel. And so with my
hartie commendations vntill I heare from thee, I bid thee farewell.
Thine to vse, if mari.
age chaunge hot man-
ners JEuphues.

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oto. E 33 commendation E-67, 63o-36

228 EUPHUES AND I-IlS ENGLAND
I-Iis Letter dispatched, Euhues gaue himselfe to solitar;nesse,
determining to soiourne in some vncauth place, vntîl time
might turne white salt into fine sugar : for surely he was both tor-
mented in body and grieued in minde.
And so I leaue him, neither in Athens nor els where that I know : 5
But this order he left with his friends, that if any newes came or
letters, that they should direct them to the Mount of Sfffxsedra, where
I leaue him, eyther to his musing or Muses.
Entlemen, uflhues is musing in the bottome of the Mountaine
Silixsedra: 2hilautus marryed in the Isle of 2?ngland: two Io
friendes parted, the one liuing in the delightes of his newe wife, the
other in contemplation of his olde griefes.
What 2hilaut»s doeth, they can imagine that are newly married,
how Eu2bhues liueth, they may gesse that are cruelly martyred:
I commit them both to stande to their owne bargaines, for if I should t5
meddle any farther with the marriage of 2hilautus, it might happely
make him iealous, if with the melancholy of Euphues, it might cause
him to be cholaricke: so the one would take occasion to rub lais
head, sit his hat neuer so close, and the other offence, to gall his
heart, be his case neuer so quiet. I Gentlewomen, ara indifferent, 2o
for it may be, that 291u'lautus would hot haue his life knowen which
he leadeth in mariage, nor Eu2bhues , his loue descryed, which he
beginneth in solitarinesse: least either the one being too kinde,
might be thought to doat, or the other too constant, might be iudged
to bee madde. But were the trueth knowen, I ara sure Gentle-
women, it would be a hard question among Ladies, whe-
ther 2hilautus were a better wooer, or a husband, whe-
ther Eu2bhues were a better louer, or a scholler. But
let the one marke the other, I leaue them both,
to conferre at theyr next meeting, and $o
committe you, to the A1-
mightie.

FINIS.

¶ Imprinted at London, by Thomas East, for Gabriel
Cawood dwelling in Paules Churchyard. x58o.
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haply 63o-36 34 The colophon of B i treciely the ame as that here gqven
from A, save that the leaf is mutilated and Gabrid and t08o are torn atvay. 2Va
other edition bas an¥ «»lohon

THE PLAYS

LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT 1

John Lyly was the author of eight plays, with a possible but doubt-
ful and in any case slight share in a ninth, TAe laydes 3[elamor-
phosis. The conclusions I have reached about their dates of com-
position and production are tabulated on the opposite page : for the
grounds of the order I assign I must refer the reader to the discussion
of' Date' in the introductory matter prefixed to ea/h. Here I have
only to note, generally, that my investigation leads me to affirm the
order of their first publication, and of Blount's Sixe Covrl Comedies,
as that also of their composition ; with the single exception of/ïn-
dimion, which must, I feel convinced, have been produced after
Gallalhea and perhaps after the earlier version of Zaves 3[elamor-
phosis, but before 2h'das.

I. REMARKS ON THE DRAMA ANTECEDENT TO LYL¥.
The importance of Lyly's dramatic work is greater from the point
of view of the drama's development than in regard to its absolute
literary merit, though I ara far from thinking that it has received its
merited recognition even in this latter respect. These eight plays
are chiefly remarkable because they appear on the very threshold of
self-conscious fully-developed dramatic art in England. For some
two hundred years before this point the history of our drama is the
history of religious and moral education by stage-representation,
using as its chief instrument allegorical personification. The dramatic
work of this period is covered by the general name of Moralities or
Moral-Plays ; stretching from the first introduction of abstract per-
sonages--Truth, Justice, Mercy and the like--into the Miracle-Plays
to amplify, explain, or point the lesson of the sacred narrative
represented, on to their appearance as a separate species designed to
convey doctrinal or practical teaching as distinct from historical, and
then through the various.stages of treatment of God's dealings with
the human race as a whole (e. g. 2"he Caslell oft9erseverance, tïvery-
man), inculcation of warnings or exhortations in regard to a part of
i For a snmmary of the contents of this Essay, see Index, vol iii.

3o-, 560.

IG«t mixed
f the
'yz#e holds
.he staffe
r«ntil Zyly,
.o.

232 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
lire or to particular temptations (e. g. I-Zidscorner, Lusy/uvenlus),
the diffusion of knowledge or the praise of learning (e. g. Inter/ude of
the 1:out Elements, Z'he 2]farriage of If/ït and Science), the appearance
of political and satirical allusions and the increasing intermingling of
comic matter and approximation to real life {e. g. Z'hersites, Jack
Juggler, Z'he 2Vice IVanton, he Z)isobedient C/d, dc.). Allegorical
personification, i.e. the representation by single figures of virtues,
vices, actions, feelings and states of mind, or of classes of men,
trades and occupations--in a word the attempt to present the
abstract in a concrete individual form--is the general note of the
whole process : and since human personality, which is a complex of
innumerable feelings, states and actions, cannot properly be repre-
sented as of only one feeling, state or action, nor can the merely
generic qualifies of a body or class of men be widened to a man
for reality can only be given to such figures by introducing a
variety inconsistent with the simple personification allotted them
this vast body of work is excluded from the title of drama.
We must mark 153o as the approximate date when the latter
begins to emerge in those single scenes of John Heywood which
have obtained the name of Interludes. About ten years later, in
154o, we get our first pure comedy in Udall's Ral Roister Doister;
ten years after that (before 1552) our first dramatization of history in
Bale's A'_yne/o/an; and about ten years later still, in i56 , the
performance of out first English tragedy, Norton and Sackville's
Gorbad«c. From x562-i57o , says Collier , Moral-Plays divided the
stage with early attempts in Tragedy, Comedy, and History, and
endeavours were ruade to combine the two methods of writing: but
after the latter date the Moralities declined in popularity, though
they lingered till 16oo.
The point about this progress which requires emphasis is its
continuity. It would be a mistake to suppose that after 1540 pure
comedies were frequently written, or regular tragedies after i56I.
Roister l?oister and Gorboduc were single efforts by men of classical
cultivation, which may have found an imitator here and there, but
the general result of which, during this period of the drama's incuba-
tion, was simply to introduce a greater preponderance of human
elemeuts into the Moralities which still held the stage. After 153o
the Moralities are seldom, if ever, found pure, without infusion of
human characters ; while the earliest tentatives in history, tragedy, or
t tlistory ofDramatic loetry, ii. 326-î'.

MIXED WORK BEFORE LYLY 233
comedy are generally mingled with allegorical personages and a Vice
borowed from the Moralities. The Moralities arc in course of
becoming dramas: but these early tentatives in history, tragedy,
or comedy are still Moralities. Except in a very few cases the
pieces are identical. Even in lynge Johan, generally considered
our first historical play, there is a Vice, Sedition, and generic types
like Nobility and Clergy: so are there in the later and inferior
Cambyses (circ. 1561 ) of Preston, and the much poorer 4ius and
l/'irKinia (circ. 1563), which, with Damon and Ptthias, are the only
other extant plays on historical subjects preceding Carnpa«pe. So,
too, in fack .lruKKler we have a piece produced almost at the saine
rime as Roister Doister (circ. 154o), which, except that it is ushered
in by an Expositor, that it is less regularly constructed, and that
there is a distinct air of sulphur about Jack himself, has quite as
good a claire to the tifle of pure comedy. In regard to Collier's list
of fifty-two plays given at Court between ,568-158o inclusive, of
which he considers that eighteen were based on classical subjects,
twenty-one derived from modern history, romances, or stories of a
more general kind, seven may have been comedies, and six Moral-
Plays, we must remark that, as they have ail perished, we have only
their titles to judge from ; that their disappearance, in spite of their
enjoyment, through Court-performance, of the best chance of preserva-
tion, is good argument for supposing that they were hot superior
in novelty, human interest, or dramatic merit to those which have
survived ; and that the best commentary on them is furnished by
these latter, among which I find hOt more than four pieces besides
Roister Doister and Gorboduc which deserve the title of pure comedy
or tragedy at ail. These four are Gammer Gurton's Needle (ent. Sta.
Reg. i563) , Z)amon and 29ithias (played i564?), 2"ancred and Gis-
munda (MS. I568), 29romos and Cassandra (printed 1578 ). The
first is a rude country-farce, whose pervading coarseness throws
a curious light on the springs of Tudor merriment. The third
is a classical tragedy on the lines of GorboduG though far inferior
to that even in its printed form, which represents a revision ruade in
159L The other two are pure comedies. 29romos and Cassandra,
as its author, Whetstone, informs us in 1582 , was 'yet never pre-
sented upon stage.'. Z)amon and 29ithias is the sole surviving play
of Richard EAwardes, a predecessor of Lyly in catering for the
royal amusement, whose labours are classed by Puttenham in 1589 2
ltist. 29ram. t'oet, ii. 4io-I. The Arte of 29oesie p. ,', ed. Arber.

,lloraIili«s
eculari:ed
rke drama

u34 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
with those of that eccentric genius, Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford,
as 'deseruing the hyest price for Comedy and Enterlude.' Both
Whetstone's and Edwardes' work will require a little more attention
further on. They are mentioned here as indicating the high-water
mark reached by Comedy in England before Campas/e, and as
forming indeed, with Gammer G«rlon, the sole surviving instances
of pure Comedy in the thirty years immediately preceding Lyly.
Probably Edwardes' lost 2alamon and Arcfle was a pure comedy, all
or some of Oxford's work may have been such, and so may a few of
the plays named in Collier's list : but the fact remains that the great
majority of surviving pieces anterior to Canas/e (58o) are not
pure, but largely intermingled with abstract personages and the
symbolism proper to the Moral-Plays ; and that the production of
such mixed pieces continues for more than ten years after that date.
Under these circumstances it is a mistake to regard the reign of
drama proper as having in any real sense commenced before i58o ,
as Collier's account seems to imply it had. Up to Lyly in fact it is
still embryonic. The distinctions marked by modern critics between
Moral-Play, Interlude, History, Tragedy, Comedy, Pastoral, &c.,
were hardly perceptible to the contemporaries of the proeess, the
several steps in which were taken with hesitation and delay. Tran-
sition was going on, but can be indicated by periods better than by
moments, and hardly with precision at all. The advance is always
partial, the whole movement eontinuous.
But when in I58O we reach a large body of work by a single
hand which definitely breaks with the tradition that preceded it, we
are justified in regarding its author as the first regular English
dramatist : and at this date it is natural, as belote turning to Lyly's
work it is necessary, to glance at the condition in which he round
the stage, and briefly summarise the achievement of the long period
of preparation through which it had passe&
Looked at as a whole, the grand, though unconscious, function of
the Moralities, fulfilled by the rime of Lyly's advent, was the secu-
larization of the drama, both in subject and purpose. Foreed along
its path of evolution by the selective impulse of popular approval,
the stage had turned gradually from the representation of religious
truth to the representation of life, and substituted for a purpose
at first entirely didactic a purpose of amusement. This secularizing
process has two main consequences, or constituents, closely connect«d
with each other.

MORAL-PLAYS SECULARIZED THE DRAMA 3
(I) Tle presental'on of human character becomes the profler business
of the drama. The abstract personages, the types and personifi-
cations of qualifies and states, virtues and vices, which had been at
first a mere accessory of the Miracle-Plays, gradually beeame an
object in themselves ; and the further step from the personification
of a quality to that of a congeries of qualifies, a human being, might
be long but was inevitable. Nor are we really justifiecl in regarding
this era of allegorical personification as a retrogression t. So long as
a prescribecl series of events or a fixecl body of doctrine v¢as to be
represented, as in the Miracles and earliest liturgical Moralities,
human character could only be shovm in that limited degree in
which it appeared in the given series of events, or in which it could
be ruade to illustrate the given doctrine. But, freed from the tram-
mels of a predetermined plan, the Moralist could deal with his
personified vices and virtues more fully and at large; and, more
than that, his exhibition of them became the main thing, and not an
aire subordinate to that of dramatizing a story. Such story as his
piece contained v¢ould arise out of the interplay of those personified
qualifies ; a circumstance v¢herein we may find the germ of the sound
principle that plot should be generated by, rather than imposed on,
character. Moreover single qualifies, if they are hOt human beings,
are the constituent elements of human beings ; and this period of
concentration on the single facets of character must have formed
an admirable school for the presentation of character as a v¢hole,
at least for those v¢riters who lived in the latest period of the Moral-
Plays, v¢hen the drama proper was beginning to emerge. Analysis,
or the study of parts, is the first condition of a true imaginative
synthesis.
(2) 2"he r¢ghts of the intagçnation are asserted. Invention, at first
the handmaid of tradition, now becomes independent or responsible
only to reason. The respective positions of subject and treatment
are reversed: and whereas in earlier days the play must follow the
subject, the subject is henceforward entirely subordinate to the
dramatist's will, and especially to v¢hat he feels desirable from the
point of view of character. At the same time the prime neces-
sity of interesting people who are hOt ail psychologists, and the

(x) devot-
in K its
attention
to human
character

(z) subject-
*ng it to the
£onstrttclo
ire imain.
ation.

a Perhaps the single cavil I should venture against Mr. A. W. Pollard's
admirable introduction to EnKlish Miracle Flays (Clar. Press) would be that he
hardly perceives the importance of personification of qualities as a step towards
true characterization. Nee p. xliii.

tut in
o ti«
still umle-
cided

236 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
limitations of his own invention, compel the dramatist to lean largely
on establ/shed fact, leading h/m to borrow his matter whence he can,
but modify it as he pleases. So emerges the idea of constructed
Plot, with the further liberty of introducing such ornament, of wit, of
learning, of eloquence, of poetry, as his own information and capa-
city, or the slow growth of taste, tender possible.
So then we find that, by 158o, the same tendency to character-
ization which had led the English stage from the Bible and tbe
Hagiology to the personification of human qualities has brought it
back again to actual men and women, to whose representation
it returns with the fuller grasp and power of portraiture engendered
by the school through which it has passed. It has learned, mean-
while, to draw its material from a far wider range, to lay under
contribution the whole field of classical history and mythology, as
well as the incidents of contemporary life, in Court and countryside,
in the tavern and the street; while it is beginning to exhibit, in its
reproduction of what it has read or observed, something of the
ideality and poetry that mark the creative artist. English Drama
had entered on the period of the Moral-Plays the conventional
interpreter to an illiterate populace of fixed religious traditions, from
whose beauty and sanctity it often derogated in the process. It
issued from that period still hampered, indeed, by conventions, but
wielder of a new power of conscious invention ; with some notion of
grouping, some intelligence of motive, and ambitious to impart
dignity and seriousness by its own treatment rather than to owe them
merely to the august character of its established themes. It aims
now, chiefly, at depicting many-sided life : yet in abandoning religion
and instruction as its main object, it has not ceased to be instructive.
Didactic purpose may have vanished, but didactic results remain:
perhaps it would be truer to say that didactic purpose is still present,
and must ever be present if the work is to be noble and impressive ;
but it has learned to instil its lesson silently, not to force it down the
throat, it consents to teach under the conditions of amus/ng and
interesting. Since human life interests mainly as it is the embodi-
ment and result of human character/stics, the stage becomes the
school of human character ; and the drama, though an amusement,
remains ethical.
These are the effects perceptible to one who reviews the long
period 38o-58o as a whole: but in truth, though a modern
observer can trace the process distinctly, the results of this silent

ABSENCE OF DRAMATIC PRINCIPLES 37
evolution wcrc as yet but partially rccognizcd, wcrc indeed still
incomplctc. Thc bulk of the work immediatcly preccding Lyly was
still chaotic in form and substance ; of hybrid nature and indccisivc
aire, part sermon, part story, half spectacle, half rough-and-tumble
romp. The general design of entertaining was common to it all ; that
was the condition of its existence, the motive that called into being
the whole class of professional players and induced individuals to
supply them with matter for performance. And we may further take
it that the end of the drama was by this time generally recognized to
be the representation of human life, to which any other matter, such
as spectacle, or clownage, should be subordinate. But for a clear
perception of the means by which this representation may be ruade
effective--a perception that the elements employed should possess
a certain congruity, or that, if incongruous elements are employed,
and allegorical, supernatural, and human personages intermingled,
the mingling should be postulated and presupposed ; that probability
must hOt be outraged by gross anachronisms in plan ; that repre-
sented matter should possess completeness, finality, and interdepend-
ence, and that a plot is not ruade by taking a mere chance excerpt
from the shifting scene of human life, nor by transcribing some talc
without manipulation by compression, selection, and idealization ;
that character is of paramount importance, hot only in itself, but as
the engine of plot ;--for any clear and general recognition of these
things we may look in vain.
Allied with this absence of regulating principles, this incapacity to
define the rights and limitations of the imagination in the treatment
of subject, is the dramatist's uncertainty on the point of realism and
idealism in the manner of its production on the stage. We have
a perpetual conflict between what the spectators actually sec and
what they are supposed to see, between thWtime actually passed and
that supposed to have elapsed ; an outrageous demand on the
imagination in one place, a refusal to exercice or allow us to exercise
it in another : we have the evidence, in short, of a stage-convention
hOt yet fixed, but which is gradually acquiring fixity as the playwrights
gain experience and become acquainted with the rules of the Roman
and Italian stage. The infusion of a share at least of order and regu-
larity was the great service rendered to the Romantic Drama by that
abortive effort to resuscitate classical drama, which gave birth to
Gorboduc, Tancred and Gisraunda, 2" 3fisfor/unes of Art/ur, and
later to the Cl«o20atrg and 2hilotas of Samuel Daniel.

(a) in
mettmds oj
comiositio

(«) in lile-
rary formo

¢lluslra-
'ion from
anmn and
"ithias,
ire. 1564.

238 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
And lastly the literary form, mechanical or spiritual, is still chaotic
or poverty-stricken. Mechanieally--though some effort at unity is
perceptible, and a progress may be traced from the rambling dosgrell
of Roister 2)oister and Ifynge drohan, chopped into rough lengths
g, ith a rhyme at the end, to the i2-and-z4-syllable Alexandrine
adopted about i56o, on to the io-syllable line rhymed alternately
or in couplets, the adoption of which and of greater regularity in
metre may be put about I568--I570 (e.g. The JIarriaKe of I|'it and
.Science), and finally (x584-i59o) to the io-syllable unrhymed line
or blank verse--though this progress is traceable, yet practice is hot
fixed, and the various competing forms, to which we should add
verse of dactylic movement, make their appearance in the saine play
side by side. And, on the spiritual side, the entrance into dramatic
work of literary skill and mastery over words, as shown in diction
elegant, nervous, and precise, in sentiment of force and tire and
poetic beauty, is long delayed, and has rarely been visible at ail
belote i58o ; though ethical import, and the elements of humour
and pathos had been present, hov¢ever rudely, with whatever failure
to recognize shades and gradations in the gamut of human feeling,
from the very first.
The actual stage reached is rather favourably represented in the
two pieces which I have mentioned above as the high-water mark of
comedy before Lyly--the JDamon and tithias of Richard Edwardes,
cire. I564, and the Two Parts of tromos and Cassandra by George
Whetstone, printed i578. The former piece anticipates Lyly, who
,vas evidently familiar with it 1, in the spirit of the Page-scenes (Grim,
Will, and Jack are reproduced with improvements in Motto the
barber, Licio and Petulus in 2hridas), in the balancing of pairs of
characters with a central personage in authority and another to give
wise advice, in the introduction of four or rive songs *, and in the
liberal use of English proverbs and Latin quotations. Doubtless it
was written for the Children of the Chapel, of which Edwardes was
one of the 'Gentlemen.'
The Prologue, which alludes to previous wanton ' toying plays ' of
the saine author, is interesting as announcing his dramatic creed,
Euhues exhibits traces of it in the description of the frienclship between the
hero and Philautus; the frequent allusion to Damon and Pithias, the coansellor
Eubuhas, Euphues' waraing his friend on their arrival in England hot to seem too
eurious about the fortifications, and the reproduction or translation of rive or six d
its quotations.
» Oae seems to be lost; see the stage-direction» Hazlitt's 29odsley» iv. p. 58.

EDWARDES' D4MON 4ND PITHI4S 239
i.e. as the earliest critical utterance extant, anticipating by some
fifteen to twenty years Whetstone's Dedication and Sidney's .4oloe.
Edwardes gives to his piece, 'matter mixed with mirth and care,' the
name of a 'tragical comedy,' thus asserting the right to mingle
the two elements which Sidney and the scholars afterwards denied t,
though at the saine time he professes allegiance to Horace. He
insists that the language put into the mouth of the personages shall
be consistent with their seveml characters and positions, a principle
he may fairly be said to observe e. g. in Grim the collier, Gronno the
hangman, and Stephano the confidential servant of the two friends.
In comedies the greatest skill is this, rightly to touch
Ail things to the quick; and eke to frame each person so,
That by his common talk you may his nature rightly know :
A roister ought hot preach, that were too strange to heur,
But as from virtue he doth swerve, so ought his words appear:
The old man is sober, the young man rush, the loyer triumphing
in joys.
The matron grave, the harlot wild, and full of wanton toys.
Which all in one course they no wise do agree ;
So correspondent to their kind their speeches ought to be.
Which speeches well-pronounced, with action lively framed,
If this offend the lookers on, let Horace then be blamed,
Which hath out author taught at school, from whom he doth hOt
swere,
In all such kind of exercise decorum fo observe.
Lastly the protest
Ve talk of Dionysius' Court, we mean no court but that
is evidence that already, some score of years before Ly|y, a]legorical
allusion fo current events was hOt unknown upon the stage.
The play itself deserves the praise of design: the matter is so
handled as to keep the subject, the nature of true friendship, in view
throughout. The magnanimous league between the two friends,
which enlists for them a general sympathy, kindles the good Eubulus
to efforts on their behalf, awakens pity even in the time-serving
Aristippus, and finally converts the tyrant himself, is contrasted with
the hollow and self-seeking compact between the flatterer Aristippus
and the informer Carisophus, which profits neither, and falls to pieces
at the first breath of adversity ; and it is balanced on the comic side
by the relation between the pages, Will and Jack, who alternately
t An Aologie for .Poetri«, composed about x58x, first printed x595 ; p. 65,
ed. Arber.

LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT

quarrel and unite to bamboozle Grim the collier. Though the pages
corne to blows in defence of their respective masters' credit, yet Jack
evidently despises Carisophus, and will hot stir a finger to aid him
against the cudgel with which Stephano revenges his master Damon's
wrong. The piece may thus boast an adequate unity; and the cotait
portion is given, if hot a vital, at least an external connexion with
the main action by making Damon's fate the subject of talk between
Grim and the pages. The author evidently felt connexion to be
necessary. Gronno the hangman exhibits a grim humour, like that
of Abhorson in leasure for l[easure or of the Gaoler in Cymbeline
The total absence of female characters is a defect ; and anachronism
is carried to a further point than in Lylian work by the introduction
at Syracuse of a Croydon collier, the exchange of French phrases
between him and Jack, an allusion to Pope Joan, and the exclamation
'James Christe,' while even Aristippus mentions ' Christmas' and
'the three Cranes in Vintree.' Though the piece is free from
allegorical personages, yet the mythological Muses are unexpectedly
introduced bewailing Pithias' fate in duet with Eubulus. There are
no divisions into Acts and scenes marked, but the piece may be
portioned, by the directions for exit, into rive Acts, bet-een which the
required intervals of time may fall, the longest being that of the ' two
rnonths' of Damon's absence between Acts iii and iv, a single day
in each case sufficing for the others. There is no instance of an
imaginary transfer of place within the limits of a scene : indeed the
action may consistently be confined to a single locality, a public
place outside the palace, including the bouse where the friends
lodge. But Edwardes fails to produce a proper interplay between
his characters. Too many of his scenes are mere soliloquies or
duologues, without action ; though those of Damon's arrest, of Pithias
offering himself as pledge, of the shaving of the collier, and of the
dnouement, may be excepted.
But the prime defect to modern ears of this and ail plays of the
time is its inability to more with ease and naturalness except in
the comic portions. It is impossible hOt to feel that good material
is being spoiled for sheer want of literary skill. The want of
smoothness continually distracts attention from the story and the
characters. The stilted effect, fatal to all verisimilitude, is due
partly to ill management of the scenes, partly to the absence of
emotional and poetic vigour in the diction, but mainly to the
unskilful employment of rhyme, secured often by strained inversions

ITS METRICAL IRREGULARITY
and the absence of a fixed metrical principle. Edwardes employs
ordinarily the long shambling doggrell of 2ofs/er Z)ois/er, making
no attempt to courir either syllables or accents, content to insert
a rhyme after a certain interval, sometimes merely repeating the
previous word, sometimes rhyming a monosyllable with a di-
syllable of penultimate accent, e.g. 'uip' with 'friendship.' Here
and there, especially at the commencement, the verse seems dactylic;
elsewhere it leans to the Alexandrine in twelve or fourteen syllables.
Greater regularity appears in the last Act, which is opened by
Eubulus with four six-linecl stanzas of decasyllabic verse rhyming
alal«, while the closing pages beginning with Damon's speech to
the tyrant are written fairly evenly in the fourteener. This is the
least faulty verse of the play; but the touch of poetry is quite wanting,
nor is it found even in the songs. In several places throughout the
play the rhyme is dropped for a line or two, as though the author
were half in the mind to abandon his hobbling jingle for confessed
prose t.
t I cannot better exhibit Lyly's immense superiority over his predecessors in
literary form tha by giving a single passage from Edwaes' play, quite a fait
average specimen in diction, sentiment, and versification ; reminding the reader
at the saine time that Z)araon anal Jitias is the best cornedy of its date, thongh
inferior to Whetstone's work of x578.
Caris. Sith we are now so friendly joined, it seemeth to me,
That one of us help each other in every degree:
Prefer you ,ny cause, when you are in presence,
To further your rnatters to the king let me alone in your absence.
Arz'st. Friend Carisophus, this shall be donc as you wonld wish :
13ut I pray you tell me thns ranch by the way,
Whither now frorn this place will yon take yonr journey !
Carfs. I will hot dissernble, that were against friendship,
I go into the city sorne knaves to uip
For talk, with their goods to increase the king's treasnre»
In such kind of service I set my chief pleasure.
Farewell, friend Aristippus, now for a rime. [Exit.
Arist. Adieu, friend Carisophus.--In good faith now»
Of force I toast laugh at this solemn vow.
Is Aristippus link'd in friendship with Carisophus ?
Quid cura tanto asino talis Ailosous ?
Th¢y say, A4orum sirailitudo consuit amicitias;
Then how ean thi» friendship between us two eome to pass|
Ve are as like in condition as Jack Fleteher and his boit ;
I brought tp in learning, but he is a very doit
As touehing good letters ; but otherwise such a crafty knave,
If you seek a whole region, his like you cannot have:
A villain for his life, a varlet dyed in grain,
You lose money by him, if }'ou sell him for one knave, for he serres
for twain :
A flattering parasite, a sycophant also.
A common accuser of ,rien, to the good a,n open foc.' &c.
Hazlitt s Dodslo, , iv. pp. tg-ao.
R

çassandra
.b78).

24e LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
The dedication prefixed by Whetstone to 19ramos and Cassanarra,
which has been cited by Collier and Symonds and suggests sorne of
Sidney's subsequent criticism, is founded in part on Edwardes'
Prologue. The play in plot and conduct, in unity of purpose and
steady match to an issue, is rnuch the best hitherto produced; and
not open to the charges of irregularity, impossibility, and inconsistent
characterization which Whetstone brings against conternporary
writers. His sense of dignity, which disapproves of 'rnaking a Clowne
cornpanion to a Kinge,' does not forbid the union of tragic with
cornic matter in one play : he is for 'entermingling all these actions,
in such sorte, as the grave marrer may instruct and the pleasant
delight : for without this chaunge, the attention would be srnall, and
the likinge lesse.' It represents a considerable advance on Edwardes'
work in realisrn and naturalness; it is less directly didactic, the
diction is freer and stronger, both less strained and less slipshod;
above ail, the verse is hot the excruciating compromise of
and _Piias, but written with regularity alrnost throughout. The
play is about equally divided between Alexandrine and decasyllabic
verse, the latter rhyrned for the most part alternately but ver)" often
in couplets, while in rare cases a single rhyme is run on for several
lines. Here and there, in scenes between lower characters like
Rosko, Gripax, and Rapax, irregularity is designedly permitted, and
the old indecision between dactylic and iambic rneasure rnomentarily
felt. A hemistich appears now and again, but it tan hardly be said
that prose is ever consciously adopted save in the royal proclamation
in ii. 2. of the Second Part. Lastly, to the King is reserved the use
of blank verse in several speeches of some length. Poetry is stili
absent, but the stuff of the play and of the songs is on the whole
superior to that of 1)aman and 19ithias. If Whetstone be hot too
much in advance of his rime we may conclude from his play that
regularity and design bave now won the victory over disorder and
haphazard, but that cornpeting metrical forms are still freely admitted
side by side. In scene Whetstone takes a greater freedom, the
stage representing in turn Promos' judgement-hall, the streets of Julio,
or a forest : and there is one instance of imaginary transfer while the
characters remain on the stage, in Part I. iii. 3, where to Cassandra,
still in Promos' bouse, cornes the boy Ganio to summon her to visit
Andrugio in the prison, and on receiving her assent turns at once
and says 'Sir, your syster Cassandra is here.' Since the talc rnay be
conceived as taking place in comparatively modem days, anachronism

LYL¥ NOT MEREL¥ 'THE EUPHUIST' 43
is avoided; and, while in unit), tnd directness it is the equal of
Edwardes' play, from which it borrows the scene of picking a pocket
while its owner is being shaved, in dramatic interest and veri$imili-
tude and in the play of character, it i$ much superior. In wit and
eloquence, in ease and naturalness, in grace and poetry, and in
character, it is, however, as far below Lyly's work as it stands above
what came before it. To Lyly himself we must now turn.

II. LYLY'S I)RAMATIC WORK: ITS ORIGINALITY AND
IM PORTAN CE.

Lyly's cla/ms as a dramatist have been blurred or overshadowed,
hOt only by his faine as the author of vEuphues, but by the actual
presence in his plays, though in ever diminishing degree, of the
euphuistic style, which blending ail their variety and workmanship
into an indistinct haze of similarity and repetition has blinded modern
critics, with the exception of Symonds and in some degree Stein-
hiiuser, to his real originality, to the immense superiority of'his work
to anything that preceded it, and to his prime importance as Shake-
speare's chief master and exemplar. In tragedy Shakespeare learned
from Marlowe, with whom he may even have collaborated in some
early work; but it is a distinction that Marlowe must probably share
with Kyd. In comedy Lyly is Shakespeare's only model: the
evidence of the latter's study and imitation of him is abundant, and
Lyly's influence is of a far more permanent nature than any exercised
on the great poet by other writers. It extends beyond the boun-
daries of mechanical style to the more important matters of structure
and spirit : and it is further traceable in Ben Jonson's method of
handling history, pastoral, and the comedy of humours. In en-
deavouring to estimate the merits and defects of Lyly's work, the
advance he effected, and the details of the influence alluded to, it
will be desirable to consider it briefly under the heads of--
x. His invention and handling of his materials.
2. His recognition, and fusion, of different dramatic species.
3. His dramatic structure and technique.
4. His characterization.
5. His dialogue, diction, and the vehicles he employed.
6. Shakespeare's debt to him.

244 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT "
l. HIS INVENTION AND HAN;LING OF ]V[ATERIALS.
It is small blame to Lyly that, living amid a society dominated by
an almost tyrannical classical taste, and writing his plays for the
amusement of a learned Queen and Court, he follows the trend of
fashion and personal inclination, and makes large drafts upon the
classics for the materials of his plays. Seven of these are founded
in varying degrees on classical history or mythology ; while the
eighth, 2I[other Bomie, a transcript from contemporary lire, fs still
written on the plan and in the spirit of Terentian comedy. But his
obligation to the classics has, nevertheless, been absurdly overstated ;
while, except by Steinhiiuser and myself I, his large additions have
been ignored, and no account taken of his constructive handling of
what he borrows. A distinct advance in originality and creative
freedom is apparent as he proceeds ; and the matter as well as the
manner of his dialogue is ahnost everywhere entirely his own. $ome
exception in regard to this latter point must be acknowledged in
Ca»ase, his earliest effort, and that in which he is most dependent.
He drew for this on Plutarch's Z ofIlexander, combining there-
with Pliny's stories about Apelles in the Thirty-fifth Book of his
dratural ]-Iistory, 'De Pictura,' and those about Diogenes in
Diogenes Laertius' Viloe tIdlosophorum, vi. 2. But the comic pages,
and all the dialogue between Alexander and Hephaestion, Parmenio
and Clitus, ApeIIes and Campaspe, are his ovn: while he adds,
with some disregard of chronology, the chamberlain and the philo-
sophers of i. 3- For his second play he combined Sappho's epistle
in Ovid's tteroides, xv, with Aelian's tale of Venus' gift of beauty to
Phao ( Var. dist, xii. 18) ; adding to this combination the Court of
Syracuse, represented by Pandion, Trachinus, Mileta and the rest
of Sapho's lad/es, and the Pages, the crone Sybilla, and the machinery
of Venus, Vulcan, and Cupid, with the smith Calypho. The additions
here quite outweigh what is borrowed ; while the whole subject,
subordinated to the purposes of Court allegory, is treated with
an inventive freedom that recreates the story. Phao is ruade to
reciprocate Sapho's passion, and at the close is left disconsolate;
while Sapho, a princess rather than a poetess, is left heart-whole and
t on Zyly als Z)ramati]eer : Inaugural-Z)issertation . . . on ](arl Stein-
duser. Halle, 884. 'John Lyly: Novelist and Dramatist,' Quarterly #Vevizw,
Jan. 1896. I should add that my Qua, rterly article was writtcn long bcfom I k-new
of the cxistèncc of Hcrr Steinhiuser s thoughtful essay, from which I bave been
glad to accept some suggestions in the present edition.

HIS DEBT FOR PLOTS MUCH EXAGGERATED 345
"¢ictorious over Venus, whose rivalry with her has set the action in
motion. Gallalhea is indebted to Ovid's 3/[elamorphoses (bk. ix.
fab. x) for the bare suggestion of a passion between two girls, one of
whom is eventually changed into a boy ; while the story of a virgin-
tribute to a sea-monster has two or three classical representatives.
But, as Steinh/iuser remarks, neither myth is ver), prominent: they
supply some scaffolding, but not ail of that. Our interest is chiefly
invoked for the pretty loves of the two girls, who are here both
disguised as boys : the two myths are linked by making the disguise
a means of evading the tribute : the tribute-myth is cleverly associated
with the bore on the Humber, is amplified by the addition of the
farmers Melebeus and Tyterus, of Hoebe, Ericthinis and the Augur,
and by the personal intervention of Neptune, and is further combined
with a subject of equal importance invented by Lyly, the attack
namely of Cupid on Diana's nymphs and the goddess's vengeance on
the culprit, and with the comic humours of the Mariner, Alchemist,
Astrologer, and the boys. tndimion owes nothing to Lucian's
Dialogue of Venus and the Moon beyond the bare suggestion of
Selene's kiss given to the sleeping shepherd. This long and
elaborate story of love and enchantment is entirely of Lyly's invention,
a clever allegorical adaptation of Court-intrigue and political events.
In )Iidas he follows Ovid (_[et. xi. 85-193 ) dosely enough ; but here
again he adds many characters, the three councillors, the King's
daughter and ber ladies, the pages, the barber, and the huntsman,
besides adapting the character of Midas to the purposes of political
satire. For A[other l?ombie he takes merely the old motive of
Latin comedy, the stealing of a marriage by young fo]k against their
parents' wishes with the aid of quick-witted rascally servants ; with
which he interweaves a paralld element of his own, the old men's
attempt to palm off their half-witted children and the discovery of
a child-changing at the dose, adding the somewhat otiose figure
of the wise woman. 2"he IVoman in the Ioone is ail his own, except
for the suggestion of Pandora in Hesiod as endowed with the attributes
of various gods, the translation vf these gods into planers in reference
to a character of the saine naine in one of Fenton's Tragicall 19is-
courses, and the competition of the planers for influence in Greene's
291anetomachia, and in TAc aVare Triumphs of Zove and Fortune. The
whole relations of Pandora with the Utopian shepherds and with
Gunophilus, i.e. the whole structure of the play, as well as the
dnouement, is Lyly's ; and the treatment seems to me especially

246 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
dramatic. In Loves Metamorphosis, again, while following Ovid
(/1//êt. viii. 738-878) ver), closely, he adds another element in the
loves of the foresters and nymphs, with the transformation and re-
storation of the latter, linking this new thread to the other by the
presence of Cupid and his shrine, and adding even to the first the
adventure of Petulius and Protea with the Siren.
These combinations, changes, and additions abundantly prove that
Lyly is no mere slavish reproducer, but a creative artist, whose work
is constantly superintended by the critical faculty with an eye to the
total effect. His choice of subjects reveals a true dramatic sense:
they are always intrinsically beautiful, interesting, and dramatic, even
though a failure to grasp the principles underlying dramatic con-
struction, or at least to apply them, leads him sometimes into error,
as where the duality of incident in Midas impairs the unity of the
piece, or where the comic matter, e.g. Diogenes in Ca»aslOe , and
the boys in Gallathea, stands out of relation to the main action. It
was an artist's eye that selected from the career of Alexander the
brief incident of his passion for Campaspe a, with its opportunities of
introducing painting and giving philosophical tincture. It was a
poet's instinct that led him to the theme of Sappho. The stories
of Erisichthon and Protea, and of Midas' misfortunes are in them-
selves extremely attractive ; and the play of iEndimion constantly
hovers on the borders of a romantic beauty which it never quite
attains. Only once, perhaps, does Lyly offend in taste, when he
chooses as a subject of farce the half-witted incoherence of poor
Accius and Silena. With this exception he is most successful

where he is most independent, as in Endimion, 21[other BornOie, The
tI'oman in the 21Ioone, and in the relations between Cupid, Diana, and
her nymphs in Gallathea: a sufficient indication of his real origin-
ality. He is hOt free indeed from the charge of repetition, both in
the general grouping of his pieces, and in the recurrence in later
plays of scenes or situations employed belote, without the touch of
variety that Shakespeare almost always contrives to impart. The
sameness, which must be acknowledged, is mainly a matter of dialogue,
e.g. the talk between Sapho's and Sophronia's ladies, between minor
courtiers, between Diana's and Ceres' nymphs (especially Cupid to the
former, pp. 435, 458-6o, and to Ceres, Zoves 2]Iet. il. 2, iv. , v. , and
cf. Venus' directions to Cupid in Saz#ho, v. x). Talk among courtiers
t , We calling Alexander from his grane, seeke onely who was his Ioue.'
2roloKue at Court.

POPULAR ELEMENTS 247
and idle folk can hardly avoid harping on the subject of love, though
Lyly strives to avert monotony by the relation of dreams, e.g. Sapho,
iv. 3: and intercourse between pages and servants turns naturally
enough on such matters as eating and drinking, the want of cash, and
the prospects of punishment for their escapades, though here too he
round an admirable and popular source of variety in the introduction
of different trades--a smith, a sailor, a prostitute, watchmen, a bar-
ber, a huntsman, a horse-dealer, a fortune-teller. Beside these
distinctly popular elements from modern lire introduced into the
comic portions everywhere, he appeals for other means of variety, in
such plays as rest on a mythologieal or fanciful basis, (x) to folklore,
in the Fairies of Gallathea and Endimion, the fate assigned to Stesias
and Gunophilus, and the Siren assimilated to the mermaid of Teu-
tonic superstition in Zoves J[etamarphosis, (2) to mediaeval astrology
in Gallathea and Z'he Haman, (3) to alchemy in Gallathea, and
(4) to powers of magic in Endimian, exercised in the slumbrous
charm laid upon the hero, in the marvellous oracular fountain, and in
the transformation and restoration of Bagoa. And there is scarce
a play, where some other striking or beautiful element is not intro-
duced, e.g. Diogenes and his tub, the aged Sybilla and her cave,
Cupid captive, Hoebe bound for sacrifice, Sir Tophas the foolish
braggart, Geron in exile, the whole plan of l'he llTaman in lhe Jloone,
the tree-nymph slaughtered by Erisichthon, the description of
Famine, and Protea's disguise.
If Lyly fails, it is hOt in inventive plan or original conception, but
in the detail, in the constant imaginative power which can project
itself continuously onto the upthrow of the working mind and vivify
its successive suggestions by ever fresh jets and sallies of the vital
luminous force. It is owing to this imaginative defect in the detail,
joined with the marked and monotonous chatacter of the style, that
much of his work which would have lived under the touch of a more
inspired hand, bears the stamp ofartificiality and mechanical dullness.
It fails in the passing and superficial impression; and failure in this
respect means, with the vast majority of readers, the negation of ail
those constructive or conceptive merits that may lie beneath.
2. HIS RECOGNITION, EMPLOYMENT, AND FUSION OF DIFFERENT
DRAMATIC SPECIES.
Among the chief points in which Lyly's plays stand out so superior
to their rude predecessors and are of such moment to what follows,

48 LYL¥ AS A PLAYWRIGHT
is their pervadlng sense of form and the evidence they afford of clear
thought and presiding intelligence. To the artist in them, quite as
much as to the finical daintiness of their style, they owe their somewhat
metallic brilliance. Doubtless Lyly enjoyed exceptional oppor-
tunities. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge, passing from the
universities to the Court, acting as private secretary to the literary
Earl of Oxford, and secured by this position on the one hand from
the waste of his talents on drudgery, and by his own literary ambition
on the other from their dissipation in frivolity, he, if any, must have
lain open to intellectual influences and kept touch with the best
criticism current. Through him at any rate, more than any other,
there passes into the romantic drama of England that infusion of
regularity and artistic form which it gleaned from its contact with the
rival pseudo-classic school. While his dramatic contemporaries were
driven by their necessities to cater for the popular stage, where form
was always in danger of being swamped by licence, Lyly writing rather
for the wits and scholars, for a learned queen and her blue-stockinged
ladies, admits in a considerable degree the regulating check and
control of classical taste. The Blackfriars Prologue to ça//zo and
tao acknowledges an effort to refine the stage, and deprecates any
discontent on the part of his alternative, popular, audience 'because
you cannot reape your wonted mirthes.' From allusions here and
at the beginning of Çaas/e it is evident that he has been studying
the lrs 'oetica of Horace: yet he would hOt endorse that rigid
severance of tragedy and comedy which Sidney was about this time
proclaiming as correct. In the Prologue to 2Widas, while asserting
the distinction of kinds, he claims the right to mingle them--'At
our exercises, Souldiers call for Tragedies, their obiect is bloud ;
Courtiers for Commedies, their subiect is loue ; Countriemen for
Pastoralles, Shepheards are their Saintes .... Time hath confounded
our mindes, our mindes the matter ; but ail commeth to this passe,
that what heretofore hath beene serued in seuerall dishes for a feaste,
is now minced in a charger for a Gallimaufrey. If wee now present
a mingle-mangle, our fault is to be excused, because the whole
worlde is become an Hodge-podge.' Here at any rate is a frank
adoption of the principle of Edwardes and Whetstone, that tragic
and comic matter may be mingled, at any rate in comedy. The
apparent reluctance of the admission is somewhat strange, because
in effect this bas always been his working principle. In the Black-
friars Prologue to his earliest play he says 'We haue mixed mirth

THE PLAYS CLASSIFIED 249
with counsell, and discipline with delight, thinking it not amisse in
the saine garden to sowe pot-hearbes, that we set flowers ' ; and every
one of his plays contains a distinctly farcical element, except that last
published, Zones 3îretamorhosis, from which I believe such element,
there at first, bas been expunged. The apology of the A[idas
prologue probably refers, however, to the mingling of courtly with
Arcadian scenes : and at any rate in that play first the farcical portions
appear properly connected with the main action. Their better
fusion in this and subsequent plays is perhaps as much attributable
to change of principle as to advance in skill or knowledge.
If we attempt a classification of his eight undoubted plays x we find
that one of them, Campaste, is a pure history without admixture of
mythological or allegorical elements, a play, that is, of real life,
an imaginative reconstruction of a real past: one other, ci[o/ber
t?ombie, is a realistic comedy of modern life on a Terentian model,
equally devoid of mythological or allegorical savour: three others,
Sapho and tghao, tïndimion, and [idas, are comedies of Court-
life under classical names, giving an allegorical representatiota
of current political events, but with marked differences in the
relation of the allegory to the plot and in the degree in which
recourse is had to mythological machinery: while the remaining
three, Gallathea, Zoves 3Ietamorphosis, and _TXe IIoman in the
2Woone, are pastoral comedies, with a purely mythological machinery,
and only such limited share of allegory as may serve to convey
a compliment to Elizabeth or assist the mythological frameworkq
comedies, in fact, approximating to the masque, whose fully de-
veloped later form is in part a derivative from these very plays. In
ail of them save Zoves 21"[etamorphosis there is included an element of
farce; while in four of them, Gallathea, tndt'mion, Iidas, and
Zones 3îrelamorhosis, the action approaches at times the gravit), of
tragic matter.
But, the reader may ask, can a writer who employed and mingled
so many styles--farce, comedy, history, tragedy, allegory, masque,
pastoral--really claire to bave contributed to and advanced the
drama proper? With so large an admixture of allegory, pastoral,
and mythology, especially, should he not rather be classed with the
chaotic earlier work which I have lumped together under the wide
His possible hare in a ninth, 7"he zllaydes Metamorphosis, is so slight, and so
little staeeptible of positive proof, that it may quite safely be ignored in estimating
his dramatic power.

Classifica.
tion,

5 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
Virginia, which preceded it, the first by some thirty, the other two
by some twenty years, are Moral-Plays on historicai subjects ; and
its only real competitor is Edwardes' l)anton and tY¢hias, which bas
the defect of obtruding the moral aire and, as we saw, of introducing
mythological Muses in a duet with one of the characters. Carnase
set Shakespeare the example of drawing on North's Plutarch for
historical matter, and Ben Jonson the example of making verbal
transcripts from the classics ', though Catiline and Sejanus carry the
method far beyond Lyly's initiative. Ca»tpaspe can in no sense be
called, like Jonson's two plays, a compilation ; itis a truc imaginative
treatment of history for the stage, and shows admirable discretion in
selecting an event of minor importance, the conqueror's passion for
his Theban captive, which does hot tic the dramatist down by too
great fullness of detail, but permits to him an imaginary presentation
of famous characters, yet one faithful to their weli-known lines. Variety
is purchased at the cost of some minor anachronisms, such as bringing
Diogenes and Lais from Corinth to Athens, and making Plato, who
died in 347 B.c., contemporary with Alexander's capture of Thebes
in 335- The play's defect is one of passion. The dramatic oppor-
tunity for conflict in Alexander's breast between jealousy and magna-
nimity is quite missed, the same situation being much better treated
by Robert Greene in Bacon and Bungay, where Prince Edward
surrenders fair Margaret of Fressingfield to Earl Lacy. The earlier
struggle, however, between Aiexander's passion and the imperial duty
and dignity wh/ch require him to stifle it, is better given ; and the
studio-scenes are light and happy, as those with Diogenes are tren-
chant and amusing. As a first dramatic essay Camflaspe in its
imaginative handling might do credit to any dramatist: I should
pronounce it superior in skill and in some points of naturalness to
Shakespeare's first historical effort, the Second Part of Henry VI,
even though I have seen the latter upon the stage. It is further
remarkable as the earliest original prose-play in England, for Gas-
coigne's prose Supposes, acted at Gray's Inn in x566, was almost
entirely a translation from Italian sources.
In Comedy Lyly's chief merit is that above-noted, of introducing
the refined ideal-comic style. But his [other ombie (x59o), in
which the ideal-comic does hOt appear, is, if hOt the first pure
E.g. Alexander's talk with the philosophers is taken in part verbatim from
lalutarch, and most of Diogenes' repartees are lifted from the Lire of him in lais
namesake, Diogenes Laertiu$' t'ire tghilasahorum, lib. vi. ¢. .

SHAKESPEARE AND LYLY'S COMIC SCENES 253
farce in England, at least the first of well-constructed plot and
literary form. Andrew Merygreke in loister Doister is a little too
like the Vice of the Moralities ; l)amon and PitMas with its marked
didacticism savours of the saine Moral-Play connexion; while
Gammer Gurton is rude and gross. Peele's Old llqves 2"ale
(C. I59O), however, and some of Greene's work, may have preceded
Mot&r JBombie. In spite of its Latin model it makes, with Prisius'
fulling-mill, the tavern, the wise-woman, the hackneyman, and the
matutinal musicians, an excellent representation of middle-class life
in an English country-town. The large number of characters--three
young couples, four scheming old men, two old women, four rascally
servants, besides six subordinate personages--makes the intrigue
a little intricate ; but it is an undeniably clever piece of work, which
avoids the mistake of Ben Jonson, Dekker, and Middleton, of
subordinating plot to the exhibition either of humours or manners.
Lyly's farcical scenes are undoubtedly the model for the similar
scenes in ShakespearCs early work between Moth, Armado and
Costard, the two Dromios, Launce and Speed, Peter and the Nurse,
Launcelot and Old Gobbo, and for the wit-contests between folk
of higher tank, Boyet and the French ladies, the Two Gentlemen,
Romeo and Mercutio; while he is indebted also to Lyly's example
of graceful and witty interchange between ladies and courtiers,
nymphs and foresters, for many a gentle and pretty scene between
Julia and Lucetta, Portia and Nerissa, Rosalind and Celia, Hero
and Ursula, and for the witty war between Benedick and Beatrice, and
others. Shrews and scoffers like Katharine, Beatrice, and Rosalind,
have obvious originals in Mileta, Suavia, Niobe, and Nisa. There
is no need to institute a dose comparison : Shakespeare's natural
touch and imaginative instinct carry him well beyond the best Lyly
ever attained. But it must not be forgotten "that, beneath the
sameness of his style, Lyly has no small share of wit and grace,
of verve and variety ; that in these qualities he is absolutely without
a predecessor; and that Shakespeare followed him.
For the introduction of mythological and Arcadian elements Lyly
was not without a precedent. In Trsies, which dates by internal
evidence about I537, is introduced 'Mulciber, whom the poets doth
call the god of tire, Smith unto Jupiter,' with a blacksmith's shop
in which he forges weapons for the hero : while in Cambyses, c. I561 ,
when the king is tobe smitten with love for his kinswoman, the
stage-direction runs ' Enter Venus leading out her son Cupid blind :

254 LYL¥ AS A PLAYWRIGHT
he must have a bow and two shafts, one headed with gold and the
other headed with lead,' and Venus bids him shoot the king with
the gold-headed arrow, promising, since he is blind, to give the
signal ; which done, they disappear. Both these instances may have
been in Lyly's recollection when he wrote in Saho the scenes of the
forging of the arrows by Vulcan, and Venus' directions to Cupid.
The little god had also spoken two soliloquies or prologues in
Tancred and Gismunda, x568. Pallas and Hercules figured in
a masque at Whitehall in x5721 : and in Sidney's Lady of 2a.v at
Wanstead in 578 we had shepherds and rustics. But certainl),
none belote Lyly had given them dramatic life. Venus in Sapho,
Cupid in Gallathea, and Jupiter in The g'oman are particulafly livdy
and weil conceived; while the rustics of Gallathea are admimbly
realistic, and the shepherds of A[idas and irhe IVoman consistently
ideal. The relations between Cupid, Diana, and ber Nymphs in
Gallathea form perhaps the best and most charming instance of the
ease and grace with which Lyly moved upon mythoiogical ground:
the punishment of Cupid is like a picture b), Priou. For the
introduction of a fairy-ballet in this play and Endimion--an appeal
to folklore with which we shouid range the rates of Stesias and
Gunophilus at the end of The lVoman, and the siren-mermaid of
Zaves 3letamoriohosis--I do hOt know that he had any example:
while, besides the Alchemist and Astrologer of Gallathea we have
magic powers introduced in lndimion in the slumbrous spell laid
upon the hero, the oracular fountain copied by Peele, the transformation
and restoration of Bagoa . These mediaeval elements were turned to
account a little later by Greene in Bacon and Bungay; while Lyly's
fairies were copied in Greene's James 1V, by Shakespeare in
A 3Iidsummer 2VïKht's Z)ream and The 3Ierry lt/ives, and by others.
Gallathea and Laves 31earnorlwsis lent something in structure and
spirit to As lou Zike 2"t, where we have two disguised girls and three
Arcadian couples ; while The IVoman as weil as lndimion supplied
some hints again for the d)ream (see below, p. 297). Endimion and
Lyly's courtly talk in general helped much for Ben Jonson's allegorical
Cynhia's 2?evels and for his masques; while finally Fletcher's t;aithful
She.herdess bears marked structural affinities to Lyly's work s.
Lyly's use of Allegory must daim somewhat fuller notice, his
I English larasques, by H. A. Evans, p. xxili.
* I bave already mentioned these last few points, p. u47, uader « Materials.'
s Sec» further» the note on Italian influence, pp. 473 sqq.

HOW FAR HE RETAINS ALLEGORY 255
innovations herein forming so good an example of his dramatic
insight. He seems to have perceived that Allegory had no proper
place upon the stage at all; but, hot venturing entirely to reject
a tradition which still had a strong hold on popular taste, he set
aH'out converting it to realistic uses. He rejected almost entirely
the method of pure allegorical abstractions which marked the Moral-
Plays, Nature, Concord, and Discord in the framework of Z/te
lVoman forming, as we saw, the sole instances of such in his work a:
and he infused concreteness into the allegory in three ways, two or
even all three being sometimes combined in the same character.
He substitutes, for abstractions, recognized mythological personages
to represent the qualities required: thus, for Wantonness, he gives
us Venus; for Love, Cupid; for Chastity or Virginity, Diana ; for
Cruelty or Devastation, Neptune; for Bounty or Pity, Ceres; for Poetry
and Music, Apollo ; for Rudeness, Pan; and, in Z/te IVoman, for
Melancholy, Pride of Place, Strife, Chicanery,. Fickleness, and
Mirth, we have Saturn, Iupiter, Mars, Mercury, Luna, and Ioculus
respectively.
Secondly, we have in two, or even in three, plays a physical
allegory, something akin to that of the later Morals like Zhe/bur
lements (printed 59), whose object it was to diffuse secular
knovdedge. In ndimion one of the functions performed by Cynthia
and Tellus is to represent the Moon and the Earth respectively,
a function not easily reconcileable with their other functions as
members of a Court. For instance Tellus, on whom Floscula, the
little flower, is dependent, and from whom the witch Dipsas gathers
simples, is imprisoned and also beloved by the v¢arrior Corsites. If
this might pass, yet her intrigues to detach Endimion from Cynthia
wou]d be appropriate to her only as representing worldliness or the
lower passions, not as representing the physical world. Nor can
Cynthia, the Moon, be appropriately represented as holding her
court on the Earth, i. e. on Tellus, whom she imprisons, rather than
in heaven *. So, too, in 2"he IVoman, as Steinhiuser points out s
a Famine, however, described, not introduced, in Zoves let. Act il, affords an
exact parallel ; and we may compare the figures of Ingratitude, Treachery, and
Envy in Endimion's dream descrihed Aet v. se. I, vol. iii. p. 67. Ofthe three instances
in The H1oman, Discord at least was personified by the ancients.
This physical allegory, for the fuller illustration of which the reader is referred
to the essay appended to ndimion, vol. iii. p. 82, appears most prominently
in the first Aet, where Endimion's purpos¢ of misleading Eumenides about the object
of his passion harmonizes with the author's caution in introducing his real subject.
John Zyly als Zramatiker: lnaugural-2)issertation, Halle, i884, p. 19. I have

(1) lylh,
lagi«al fw
abstra«t.

,3; Po'so-
,cal and
#olilical.

256 LYL¥ AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the Seven Planers are not merely gods of antiquity, nor astrological
influences, but also heavenly bodies, in one of which Pandora finds
a resting-place. To these I think we may add the less marked
identification of Ceres with ber own corn in .Laves 2]letamarz#Aosis ,
Act ii (neuf the beginning) ; the good relations in the play betwoen
Cupid and Ceres being part of the same physical allegory, suggested
probably by the proverb quoted by Cupid himself, v. i. 45, and by
Lyly elsewhere--..çine Cerere et Baccho friget lenus.
Lyly's third and by far his most frequent and important use of
Allegory consists in his bold introduction to the stage of a new form,
personal and political, by which rem people in the Court-life around
him are represented under some known mythological figure, or
simply under the cloak of a classical hume. For allegory of this
kind he had, in lyric poetry, the example of Spenser. Steinhiiuser
notes its presence in Z'he Shepeardes A'alender, 579; and we may
add the instance of another early work of Spenser's, I[ather ubberds
Tak (the alternative title of which is actually .Prasai#ai#aia , or ' mask-
making,'), though i did hOt appear in print till the Camplainls, 59 r.
This third kind of allegory is, except in the case of Z/te lfbrnan,
uniformly employed by Lyly for the purpose of flattering his royal
mistress. It is found in all the plays except the two which represent
re.al life. In four, ndimion, Sui#ho and thao, «{[idas, and Zoves
3£etamori#Aosis , it is more or less elaborate, introducing other persons
besides Elizabeth : in the other two it is confined to the Queen, who
is represented by Diana in Gallathea, and possibly by Pandora or
Luna in 2"Ae If'aman t. In no case, however, is it allowed to usurp

round Steinh/iuser's remarks on Lyly's use of Allegory very helpful in clearing
my own ideas, though I think he considers a little too ctzrioisly in regard to the
singly- and doubly-ailegorical figures.
If pcrsonal allegory exists in this play, it is satirieal rather than compli-
mentary. The idea was suggested by Mézières (trdddcesseurs et Contem2#orains
de Shakes2eare , 863, p. 70). ' Révolté de l'avarice de la reine, il eomposa, sons
le ride de "La Femme dans la Lime," une comédie en vers assez spirituelle, dont
les défauts des femmes font tous le» frais. Il n'en mettait aucune hors de cause,
et ses épigrammes retombaient sur la, souveraine aussi bien que sur toutes le»
personnes de son sexe. Il condamna Elisabeth à voir sur la scène tme femme qui
est considérée comme le type de toutes les autres, Pandore, la première-nëe de la
nature, passer par toute la série des faiblesses humaines, par la mauvaise humeur,
par l'ambition, par la lubricité, par la fureur, par le mensonge et par l'inconstance
Ce q il y a de plus ptqnant, e est que cette Pandore, solhe,tee par les différentes
planètes de choisir l'une d'elles pour demeure, fixe sa résidence dans la lune, et
que la lune porte précisément le nom de Cynthie, sous lequel Élisabeth aimait
à être dësiguée. C'ëtait presque insinuer qe tous les défauts se donnaient
rendez-vous chez la reine. Sauf cette petite vengeance, dont il ne parait pas que
la reine se soit irritée» mais qui ne délia probablemem pas les cordons de sa bourse»

PLAYS CONTAINING POLITICAL ALLEGORY
upon the play; it is given only such development as is consistent
with thc dramatic form ; and the fact of this steady subordination, or
rather independence, which allows the play to be understood simply
as it stands without any underlying signification, is no doubt the
reason why its truc extent so long passed unrecognized. The
allusions in ridas to Philip of Spain and his designs on England
were the first to attract the notice of a modern critic, being pointed
out in Dilke's introductory remarks (Old lays, vol. i. 18t4): in
x843 Halpin propounded in Oberon's Vision his elaborate inter-
pretation of ndimion as a version of the relations between
Leicester, Elizabeth, and two other ladies , an interpretation which
I feel to require extensive modifications : while to Mr. Fleay must,
I believe, be credited the discovery that Sa2oho and Phao relates
to Elizabeth's courtship by the Duc d'Alençon. The allusion
in Zoves '[etamor2ohosis to Essex' quarrel with the Queen is first
suggested here.
To these instances should perhaps be added some work re-
ferred to in Pappe, vol. iii. ('Would those Comedies might be
allowed to be plaid that are pend, and then I am sure he would
be decyphered,' &c.) as introducing Martin Marprelate 'in a.
cap'de cloak' and sombre attire, of which work Lyly may have
been the author. 'Martin,' he says, 'can play nothing but the
knaues part '; and the work referred to may have formed the missing
Lyly ne s'applique qu'à. varier la forme des compliments qu'il lui adresse.' It
a point very difficult to deeide. The idea is hot impossible, though the piece was
played before the Queen herself. Lyly may bave trusted his covert satire to get
home, and yet escape panishment. At any rate the publication of the play was
delayed for two years after the date of its entry on the Register, Sept. 22, 1595,
and it may possibly have been the cause of that sudden royal displeasure to which
Lyly refers in his first petition, presented the saine year. Yet satire of the Queen
is inconsistent with thos¢ expectations of royal favour which this petition reveals.
See Lire, vol. L pp. 63- 4. If we acknowledge merely a satire on the sex in
general, it must rather be classed among the first of the three kinds of allegory
here noted.
J Dilke (Old tlays, vol ii. z8z4) merely says, « Who vtas the person that sat
for the picture of Endymion in the present drama (or whether any particular
person was intended), is left to the judgment or imagination of the reader'; while
I-Iazlitt ULectures an the 2Dram. JLit. ef tIe e e/JElizabet, 182) is so far from
suspecting the scope of Lyly's intention that he writes--' It does hot take avtay
from the pathos of this poetical allegory on the chances of love and the progress
of human life, that it may be supposed to glance indirectly at the conduct of Queen
Elizabeth to out author, vtho, after fonrteen years' expectation of the place of
Master of the Revels, was at last disappointed. This princess took no small
delight in keeping ber poets in a sort of Fool's Paradise."
For the limits of the allegory in these three plays the tender is referred, for
Endimion to the essa:, ,ol. iii. pp. 8x-io3, for Sa¢Ao and 2IIidas to what
under çources in the introductions to these plays and to the Notes [assim.

Story
deendent
of alleKory.

of the
allegorles

5 8 LYL¥ AS A PLAWRIGHT
comic element in Zoves 2retamorphosis, expunged before performance
or publication.
In making these allegorieal plays able to stand without their
allegory, Lyly showed a true dramatic instinct which bas no doubt
tended to preserve them from oblivion; but of course the allegory
suffered in readiness of effect and appeal. To be sure of its stage-
effect an allegory should be not only simple, but obvious: if the
action is intelligible without it, the audience will probably not
trouble itself about an allegory at ail. In Sapha and 3Iidas we may
perhaps consider that it remains within the bounds of a ready
comprehensibility: but it is hard to belleve that a symbolism so
elaborate as that of Endimion, where Cynthia stands for (,) Chastity
or the bloon-goddess, (2) the lXloon, (3) Elizabeth, and where
there is a complex multiplicity of other interests ; or of Zoves
2]letamor#hosis, where Ceres stands for (I) Bounty or the goddess
of crops, (2) corn, (3) Elizabeth, could easily be followed except by
a reader. Yet we must remember the allegorical custom of the rime,
the attentive halait of mind fostered by the Moralities, and the fact
that the events and persons involved were still in fresh occupation
of the auditors' thoughts. The Prologues and Epilogues to Sa#ho
and Endimion at any rate quite clearly anticipate that the audience
will seize the author's meaning. On Lyly's side, too, as Steinhiuser
points out, was the modernity of Elizabethan classieal conceptions,
which allowed contemporary men and women to be represented
under classical guise without obliterating their identity a. Nor must
it be forgotten that the prohibition against treating matters of state
upon the stage compelled Lyly to maintain at least such veil as
might warrant the Master of the Revels in authorizing performance.
Cautiously at first, he weds to the classical tale of Sappho and Phao
the marriage-negotiations between the Queen and Alençon, repre-
senting both parties as puppets in the hands of the classieal divinity
i , Ungeacbtet seiner Be]esenheit war es dem damaligen Pub]ikum ira al]ge-
meinen nicht mtiglich, sich in den Geist des klassiscben Alterthnms zu versetzen.
Sie betrachteten vielmehr jenes nur als ein Spiegelbild ihrer eigenen Zeit, iibertrgen
ihre Anschannngen auf dasselbe und vollzogen so nnbewsst eine Umbildung des
klassischen Alterthums in das Romantische. Die zahlreichen Berihrungspnukte
welche klassisches Altertbnm und Mittelalter dadurcb erhielten, erleichterten den
fantasiereichen Zeitgenossen Lyly's eine Vermengung beider. Unser Dichter steht
also durchaus in der Ansehauung seiner Zeit, wenn er in der einen Seene Jupiter
ls Lenker der menschlichen Geschicke und verliebten Gemahl der eifersiichtigen
Juno ÇThe Voman, il. a) ganz ira Geiste Ovids auftreten lïsst, und dann in der
letzten Seene den erlauchten Weltbeberrscher als einfacben Planeten mit anderen
Himmelsk6rpern znsammen ira Sinne des christlichen Mittelalters mitwirken
(John ILyly als 19ramatiker, pp.

ITS VARYING RELATION TO THE PLOT 259
of Love. With more directness, later on, he utters by the mouth of
Diana and Ceres, chosen as representatives of an enthroned Chastity,
the sentiments (somewhkt softened in the later case) under 'hich
Elizabeth was wont to cover her jealousy of marriage among the
members of ber Court. At length, with a daring that must fairly
have astonished his contemporaries, he ventures in Endirnion on an
elaborate transcription of the history of the reign; introducing
Elizabeth with hardly an attempt at disguise, and exhibiting not
only that love for Leicester which was the one real passion of ber
lire, but also the danger she stood in from the constant rivalry of the
Scottish queen (Tellus), while he surrounds her with some of
the most conspicuous figures in the courtly circle, Sir Philip Sidney,
the Shrewsburies, Sir Amyas Poulet (Mary's gaoler), and others.
His sense of his own temerity is reflected in the Epilogue ; but in
this case at least he may have had the powerful support of Leicester.
Later on he embodies in [idas (x589) the national sense of triumph
over the insolent aggression of Philip of Spain ; and last of ail he
reproduces in the churlish former, Erisichthon, who owes his wealth
to Ceres' bounty, the ungrateful designs of the favourite Essex
against his royal mistress. I.oves J[elamorphosis was written, or, as
I think, rewritten, in the latter part of I599, when Essex was under
the royal displeasure on account of his misconduct of affairs in
Ireland, but before his final revoit had compelled the Queen to
harden her heart against him ; so that it ,as still possible for Lyly
to attribute the reconciliation of Ceres with Erisichthon to the
intervention of Cupid.
The allegories here noted, though never necessary to the plot,
receive a very varying degree of fusion with it. Where, as in the
case of Diana, the allegory is confined to a single figure, it is
comparatively insignificant; but in the more elaborate cases its
management is a difficult matter. The fusion is most perfect in
Enàimion, because there the allegory is the plot. Though the play
might be witnessed or read without a thought of the underlying
reference, or at least without further identification thon that of
Cynthia with the Queen, yet the story it relis is entirely dictated
by the Court-history to which it corresponds, and has no original
apart from that ; the kiss of Cynthia, though it dictates the title of
the play, being a mere poetical omament transplanted by Lyly from
the field of classical myth. In Sapho the identification of story and
allegory is far less complete. The allegory is still powerful ; it

29egree of
fusion of
th allego.
plot.

Story in-
,lependent
of allegory.

[ the
llegories

258 LYL¥ AS A PLAYVRIGHT
comie element in Zoves kIetamorhosis, expunged before performance
or publication.
In making these allegorical plays able to stand without their
allegory, Lyly showed a truc dramatic instinct which has no doubt
tended to preserve them from oblivion ; but of course the allegory
suffered in readiness of effect and appeal. To be sure of its stage-
effect an allegory should be not only simple, but obvious: if the
action is intelligible without it, the audience will probably not
trouble itself about an allegory at ail. In Sapho and 3h'das we may
perhaps eonsider that it remains within the bounds of a ready
comprehensibility: but it is hard to believe that a symbolism so
elaborate as that of Endimion, where Cynthia stands for (i) Chastity
or the Moon-goddess, (2) the Moon, (3) Elizabeth, and where
there is a complex multiplicity of other interests; or of Zoves
Aletamorphosis, where Ceres stands for (I) Bounty or the goddess
of crops, (2) coin, (3) Elizabeth, could easily be followed except by
a reader. Yet we must remember the allegorical custom of the rime,
the attentive habit of mind fostered by the Moralities, and the fact
that the events and persons involved were still in fresh occupation
of the auditors' thoughts. The Prologues and Epilogues to Saiho
and sEndimion at any rate quite clearly anticipate that the audience
will seize the author's meaning. On Lyly's side, too, as Steinh/iuser
points out, was the modernity of Elizabethan classical conceptions,
which allowed contemporary men and women to be represented
under classical guise without obliterating their identity 1. Nor must
it be forgotten that the prohibition against treating matters of state
upon the stage compe.lled Lyly to maintain at least such veil as
might warrant the Master of the Revels in authorizing performance.
Cautiously at first, he weds to the classical talc of Sappho and Phao
the marriage-negotiations between the Queen and Alençon, repre-
senting both parties as puppets in the hands of the classical divinity
' Ungeachtet seiner Belesenheit war es dem damaligen Publikum im allge-
meinen nicht m6glich, s/ch in den Ge/st des klassischen Alterthums zu versetzen.
Sic betrachteten vielmehr jenes nnr als ein Spiegelbild ihrer eigenen Zeit, iibertrugen
ihre Anschauungen auf dasselbe und vollzogen so unbessmsst eine Umbildung des
klassischen Alterthums in das Romantische. I)ie zahlreichen Beriihrungspunkte,
welche klassisches Alterthom und Mittela|ter dadurch erhielten, erleichterten den
fantasiereichen Zeitgenossen Lyly's eine Vermengung beider. Unser I)ichter steht
also durchaus in der Ansehauung seiner Zeit, wenn er in der einen Seene Jupiter
als Lenker der menschlichen Geschicke und verliebten Gemahl der eifersiichtigen
Juno (7"he lVoman, il. ) ganz ira Ge/ste Ovids auftreten lïsst, und dann in der
letzten Seene den erlanchten Weltbeherrscher als einfachen Planeten mit anderen
HimmelskiSrpern zusammen im Sinne des christlichen Mittelalters mitwirken l/isst'
(John Zyly als lramatiker, pp.

ITS VARYING RELATION TO THE PLOT
of Love. With more directness, later on, he utters by the mouth of
Diana and Ceres, ehosen as representative» of an enthroned Chastity,
the sentiments (somewhat softened in the later case) under which
Elizabeth was wont to eover her jealousy of marriage among the
members of her Court. At length, with a daring that must fairly
have astonished his contemporaries, he ventures in ndt'mion on an
elaborate transcription of the history of the reign; introducing
Elizabeth with hardly an attempt at disguise, and exhibiting not
only that love for Leicester which was the one real passion of her
lire, but also the danger she stood in from the constant rivalry of the
$cottish queen (Tellus), while he surrounds her with some of
the most conspicuous figure» in the courtly eircle, Sir Philip Sidney,
the Shrewsburies, Sir Amyas Paulet (Mary's gaoler), and others.
His sense of his own temerity is reflected in the Epilogue; but in
this case at least he may have had the powerful support of Leicester.
Later on he embodies in 3lidas (x589) the national sense of triumph
over the insolent aggression of Philip of Spain ; and last of all he
reproduces in the ehuflish fariner, Erisichthon, who owes his wealth
to Ceres' bounty, the ungrateful designs of the favourite Esse×
against his royal mistress. es fetamorîhosis was wfitten, or, as
I think, rewritten, in the latter part of I599, when Essex was under
the royal displeasure on account of his misconduct of affairs in
Ireland, but before his final revoit had compelled the Queen to
harden ber heart against him ; so that it was still possible for Lyly
to attribute the reconciliation of Ceres with Erisichthon to the
intervention of Cupid.
The allegories here noted, though never necessary to the plot,
receive a very varying degree of fusion with it. Where, as in the
case of Diana, the allegory is confined to a single figure, it is
comparatively insignificant; but in the more elaborate cases its
management is a difficult matter. The fusion is most perfect in
ndimion, because there the allegory is the plot. Though the play
might be witnessed or read without a thought of the underlying
reference, or at least without further identification than that of
Cynthia with the Queen, yet the story it tells is entirely dictated
by the Court-history to which it corresponds, and has no original
apart from that ; the kiss of Cynthia, though it dictates the title of
the play, being a mere poetical ornament transplanted by Lyly from
the field of classical myth. In SaIhO the identification of story a»d
allegory is far less complete, rI'he allegory is still powerful; it

Zegree of
fusion o/
tAe allegor.
ilfi t/te
#or.

260 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
dictates the choice and the modifications of the subject : but never-
theless the plot reposes on a definite classical tale, however ingeniously
amplified and accommodated to the Court-history. Zoves 3létamortw-
sis exhibits a third degree of fusion, dramatically, perhaps, the best ;
the classical raie adopted being closely followed, and the allegory,
though correspondent toit, lying merely parallel and attached, and
not dictating any of the events in the play. Lastly, in lïdas the
allegory is neither fused with, nor properly speaking parallel to,
the plot ; but is simply foisted into a subject to which it is not really
applicable. The ambitions of Midas do indeed dictate his request
for the golden gift ; but, for a perfect fusion, his greed and tyranny,
his oppression of surrounding countries (i. e. Portugal and the
Netherlands), his designs on the heroic islanders and King of Lesbos
(i. e. England) and the defeat of those designs, should have been
made identical with the two instances of folly which bring such
suffering upon him. Instead of that, the allusions to Midas' political
action remain outside of those incidents, which happen in his purely
personal and domestic sphere, though his remorseful soliloquies
endeavour to give them an external connexion with his policy.
Hence the inconsistency that, while the expedition against Lesbos
seems about to commence in i. i, vol. iii. p. i i9, we hear of it as having
failed in iii. i, p. i3i, though in the meantime Midas, under the tyranny
of his fatal gift, has been quite incapable of attention to external mat-
ters. And if, on the other hand, we place the expedition before the
commencement of the play, the change of tone in these two passages
is hardly explicable. Halpin does, indeed, attempt to identify the
second incident, the choice between Pari and Apollo, with Philip's
preference for the Roman Catholic over the Protestant faith ; but, if
this were intended, the warlike or aggressive acts by which Philip
chiefly manifested that preference should hOt have been alluded to
by Midas as separate affairs, nor the choice itself have been jealously
kept secret by the King from his daughter and courtiers till the very
close of the play (see pp. i5i-2, i58-9). The political charges
against Midas and Philip alike are greed and usurpation: greed,
indeed, is one of the faults for which liidas suffers in the play ; but
in the second incident, and partly in the first, he is censured rather
for folly, conceit of judgement, and bad taste. In fact the story told
by Ovid did not really admit of the close application Lyly wished
to make.
I have alluded to the satire on women in Pandora. With this we

OTHER REALISTIC ELEMENTS
may range some milder instances of satire used to give point and
variety to his cotait scenes--notably Diogenes' invective in C»a@e
against the vices of Athens, which may possibly stand for Oxford as
it did in Ethues; the ridicule of formal logic in Sapho, ii. 3, and of
the Latin Grammar of Lilly and Colet in Endimion, iii. 3 and
2?ombie, iii. 2, Lyly making the boys who acted his plays repeat
jokingly, as boys bave immemorially donc, the phrases he had taught
them seriously in the class-room; the ridicule in Gallathea of alchemy
and astrology which still in the days of Elizabeth counted their
votaries and their dupes ; of sailors' jargon in the same play ; of the
vocabulary of sport and the lingo of barbers in ll[idas ; and of poets'
fine talk about Love in a clever speech of Nisa in Zoves 21[etamortwsis,
ii. , vol. iii. p. 308. In these, as in the quarrel of Scintilla and
Favilla in Endimion, ii. 2, in women's shrewd criticism of men
(Saho, i. 4, P- 379), in Pandion's satirical remarks on Court-life after
Guevara and Euphues, and in Mellacrites' eulogy of the power of
gold (_#[idas, i. 1, vol. iii. p. i 17), Lyly anticipates the gloomier, sterner
work of Marston. I do not find, however, that either Marston or
Dekker, who ma), be said to owe something to Lyly's character-parts,
exhibits distinct echoes of him ; though in Chapman's earliest play
tll t;ools l)ay is a scene (iii. i) where a page, making fun of the
jealous Comelio, reproduces the euphuistic style, and even some
phrases from E«hues.
The instances of his infusion of the tragic spirit are not very
numerous, nor very moving: V,etstone is his superior in this
respect. But we may note the scene of Hoebe condemned to the
sacrifice (Gallathea, v. 2), the sleep of Endimion and the marrer of
the Dumb Show, the general temper of the scene between Geron
and Eumenides by the magic fountain, Midas' danger of starvation
by the golden gift, the slaughter of Fidelia in Zoz,es 3etamorOhosis,
the wasting of Erisichthon by famine and the sale of Protea. None
of them reach a truc tragic dignity. Whether from natural ineapaeity,
or beeause the Queen and Court preferred to be amused rather than
stirred or touched, Lyly never handles a theme either weightily or
with real tendemess. I have noted the failure to rise to the
opportunity of passion in Canase: just so the opportunity of
pathos in Eumenides' surrender of Semele, and in Endimion's
Fairholt, however, cites a single instance from Marston's IVhat Ym«
(pb. 6o7), v. , mhere among the ' variety of dieourse' and ' eoppy of phrase'
with which Simplicins proposes to eonrt his mistress, is 'Sweete lady; Ulisses
dog ; there's a stone called '; lt it goes no turther than this.

çallel, D'c.,

264 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
Cupid as a nymph, and Neptune as a shepherd, announced in ii. 2,
but not extant in the present version of the play ; in 2lîralher.Bombie,
Accius and Silena disguised as Cndius and Livia, and vice versa,
while in Moestius and Serena we have cases of concealed identity ;
in Z'he ll'oman Stesias disguises himself in his wife's clothes to inflict
chastisement on the atnorous shepherds; while in I.oves 21îretamorOhasis
Protea assumes the form first of a fisherman (reported) and then of
Ulysses. Disguises give, of course, excellent opportunity for what
has been called 'dramatic irony' or the utterance of speeches
intelligible to the audience who are in the secret, but not to the
other characters upon the stage. (2) A favourite device is the
narration by the characters of their dreams, on the imagination of
which Lyly expends much taste and trouble: those told by Sapho,
iv. 3 and Endimion, v. i, vol. iii. pp. 66-7, are allegorical, those
of Sapho's ladies (iv. 3) of an ideal and poetic character, while that of
Sir Tophas (Endimion, iii. 3, P- 46) and the most ingenious ones
of Lucio and Halfpenny in lllother Bombie, iii. 4, vol. iii. pp. 202-3,
are comic. (3) Nor does Lyly neglect the element of ballet .nd
pantomime, which is closely bound up with the songs strewn through-
out his work. In Ca»asîOe, v. x we have dancing by Perim and
tumbling by Milo; in Sapho the drinking-song of iii. 2 and the
' Song, in making of the Arrowes,' iv. 4 were probably accompanied
by a good deal of pantomimic action ; in Gallathea, ii. 3 we have
a ballet of Fairies unconnected with the plot ; in 2ndimion, besides
the Dumb Show, a ballet of Fairies who have some connexion with
the action ; the song in 3lidas, iii. 2 is evidently accompanied by the
actual extraction of Petulus' tooth ; in T/te Il'aman there is a good
deal of action, fighting, banqueting, and dancing; while in Zoves
Æ]Ietamarlhhosis the stage-direction prescribes a dance by the nymphs
in i. 2. (4) Of songs Lyly is lavish ; they were, as Symonds pointed
out ', the natural and very pleasing result of employing choir-boys
to act. We have earlier instances in Gammer Gurton and Damon
and _Pithias. Lyly's eight plays contain no fever than thirty-two,
of which twenty-one are preserved to us in Blount's edition--three
in Cam2has2he , four in Saihho , two in Gallathea, three in Endiraian,
rive in 2l[idas, four in 2][aliter Bambie, while the remaining eleven
are indicated in the oldest texts, though their actual words are
omitted, except of two in Z'he IlCan, which have hitherto been
t Shakespears Frede¢essors, p. /,o 3. For om¢ compaati'e stimat© of Lyly'%
see below, p.

SONGS, LOST AND SURVIVING 265
printed, the first altogether, the second in part, as part of the
ordinary dialogue. The missing nine occur in Camas«, v. 3, P- 353
(by Lais, Milectus, and Phrygius), Endimion, il. 3, vol. iii. p. 39
(Bagoa ordered to ' sing the inchantment for sleepe'), iii. 4, P- 47
(Geron at the opening of the scene), lother Bombi«, v. 3, P. 217 (by
the musicians, specified as « The Love-Knot '), Th« Woman, i. I, p. 243
(Ca roundelay in praise of Nature '), i. I, p. 248 (by the shepherds to
calm Pandora), Zoves Ietamorhosis, i. 2, p. 304 (b the nymphs),
iii. x, p. 313 (Niobe and Silvestris), iv. 2, p. 322 (where the Siren
sings twice). The absence of the whole thirty-two (except the two
just mentioned as merged in the dialogue of The Woman)from the
quarto editions has cast some doubt upon Lyly's authorship: but
some of them seem too dainty to be written by an unknown hand,
there is a uniformity of alternative manners and measures, and
I believe we may find the true explanation of their omission in
the fact that Lyly was his own stage-manager, and the probability
that he was also his own composer. Handed by him to his boys in
manuscript together with the music, the words of them would hOt
need to be inserted at ail in the separate acting-parts, nor in the
prompt copy ; and when the plays found their way to the printer's,
there may still have been some reason connected with the sale of the
music for hOt inserting them. Or perhaps Lyly had parted with his
printing-rights in the plays ; and the publication, of which he may
have been ignorant, ",vas carried out ",vithout obtaining the songs
from him. But in every case, both of those preserved by Blount
and those that are wanting, the occurrence of a song is indicated
either in the dialogue or stage-directions of the oldest editions.
Stage-furniture or properties may daim a word. The central
structure at the back is constantly in evidence ; being used for
Alexander's palace and Apelles' studio, for Sapho's bedchamber,
Sybilla's cave and Vulcan's forge, for the lunary-bank and Corsites'
castle, for Apollo's shrine in $lidas, for the tavern and Mother
Bombie's house and other dwellings required, for Nature's workshop,
and for Cupid's temple. The upper portion of it would be used for
the windows from which Sperantus and Memphio abuse the fiddlers,
and also as the station of the successive Planets in T]oe Woma»,
whence Cupid and Joculus descend to dance with Pandora (iii. u.
38). The saine play in the same scene (p. 265) involves the use of
a trap-door to represent the ' hollow vault,' rising out of which Stesias
is to surprise the loyers. In Diogenes' tub we have an instance of

Stage-
furniture,

eam

o»gs.

64 LYL¥ AS A PLAYWRIGHT
Cupid as a nymph, and Neptune as a shepherd, announced in il. ,
but hOt extant in the prescrit version of the play; in Bt'otrBoie,
Accius and Silena disguised as Candius and Livia, and vice versa,
while in Moestius and Serena we have cases of concealed identity ;
in T lVoman Stesias disguises himself in his wife's clothes to inflict
chastisement on the amorous shepherds; while in Zoves Atétamorosis
Protea assumes the form first of a fisherman (reported) and then of
Ulysses. Disguises give, of course, excellent opportunity for what
bas been called ' dramatic irony' or the utterance of speeches
intelligible to the audience who are in the secret, but hOt to the
other characters upon the stage. (2) A favourite device is the
narration by the characters of their dreams, on the imagination of
which Lyly ex'pends much taste and trouble: those told by Sapho,
iv. 3 and Endimion, v. l, vol. iii. pp. 66-7, are allegorical, those
of Sapho's ladies (iv. 3) of an ideal and poetic character, while that of
Sir Tophas (Ertimion, iii. 3, P- 46) and the most ingenious ones
of Lucio and Halfpenny in l]lotAer Bombie, iii. 4, vol. iii. pp. 202-3,
are comic. (3) bior does Lyly neglect the element of ballet and
pantomime, which is closely bound up with the songs strewn through-
out his work. In Camiase , v. I we have dancing by Perim and
tumbling by Milo; in Sal]w the drinking-song of iii. 2 and the
' Song, in making of the Arrowes,' iv. 4 were probably accompanied
by a good de.al of pantomimic action ; in Gallathea, ii. 3 we have
a ballet of Fairies unconnected with the plot ; in tFudimion, besides
the Dumb Show, a ballet of Fairies who have some connexion with
the action ; the song in ilidas, iii. 2 is evidently accompanied by the
actual extraction of Petulus' tooth ; in TAc Woman there is a good
de.al of action, fighting, banqueting, and dancing ; while in Zoves
Ietamorp]wsis the stage-direction prescribes a dance by the nymphs
in i. 2. (4) Of songs Lyly is lavish ; they were, as Symonds pointed
out , the natural and very pleasing result of employing choir-boys
to act. We have earlier instances in Gammer Gurton and Z)amon
and _Pithias. Lyly's eight plays contain no fewer than thirty-two,
of which twenty-one are preserved to us in Blount's edition--three
in Camaspe, four in Saptw, two in GallatAea, three in Endimion,
rive in «]lidas, four in AIother Bombie, -hile the remaining eleven
are indicated in the oldest texts, though their actual words are
omitted, except of two in TAc IVoman, which have hitherto been
Shakeseare's Predecessors, p. $o$. For some comparative ¢stimate of Lyly's»
,ee below, p. "9-

SONGS, LOST AND SURVIVING 265
pr]nted, the first altogether, the second in part, as part of the
ordinary dialogue. The missing nine occur in Cam.a$.e, v. 3, P. 353
(by Lais, Milectus, and Phrygius), 'ndimion, il. 3, vol. iii. p. 39
(Bagoa ordered fo « sing the inchantment for s]eepe'), iii. 4, P. 47
(Geron at the openîng of the scene), ,31olher.Bombie, v. 3, P- 217 (by
the musicians, specified as' The Love-Knot '), 7"he II:oman, i. i, p. 243
('a roundelay in praise of Nature'), i. ,, p. 248 (by the shepherds to
calm Pandora), Zoves gletamorhosis, i. 2, p. 304 (by. the nymphs),
iii. i, p. 313 (Niobe and Silvestris), iv. 2, p. 322 (where the Siren
sings twice). The absence of the whole thirty-two (except the two
just mentioned as merged in the dialogue of 7"he lf'oman)from the
quarto editions has cast some doubt upon Lyly's authorship: but
some of them seem too dainty to be written by an unknown hand,
there is a uniformity of alternative manners and measures, and
I believe we may find the true explanation of their omission in
the fact that Lyly was his own stage-manager, and the probability
that he was also his own composer. Handed by him to his boys in
manuscript together with the music, the words of thêm would hot
need to be inserted at all in the separate acting-parts, nor in the
prompt copy ; and when the plays found their way to the printer's,
there may still have been some reason connected vAth the sale of the
music for hot inserting them. Or perhaps Lyly had parted with his
printing-rights in the plays ; and the publication, of which he may
have been ignorant, was carried out without obtaining the songs
from him. But in every case, both of those preserved by Blount
and those that are wanting, the occurrence of a song is indicated
either in the dialogue or stage-directions of the oldest editions.
Stage-furniture or properties may claire a word. The central
structure at the back is constantly in evidence ; being used for
Alexander's palace and Apelles' studio, for Sapho's bedehamber,
Sybilla's cave and Vulcan's forge, for the lunary-bank and Corsites'
castle, for Apolio's shrine in )llidas, for the tavern and Mother
Bombie's house and other dwellings required, for Nature's workshop,
and for Cupid's temple. The upper portion of it would be used for
the windows from which Sperantus and Memphio abuse the fiddlers,
and also as the station of the successive Planets in Z'/Oe Womav,
whence Cupid and Joculus descend to dance with Pandora (iii. 2.
38). The saine play in the saine scene (p. 265) involves the use of
a trap-door to represent the ' hollow vault,' rising out of which Stesias
is to surprise the loyers. In Diogenes' tub we have an instance of

fnrnittre,

() Iris
attitude
to'ward$ the
Mitiez.

66 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
a property thrust on, or up, when required, its appearance in the
middle of a scene being understood to constitute a transfer to
the market-place. In the two pastorals, Eallat«a and oves
2[etamortzosis, a large tree plays a prominent part upon the stage.
It can hardly be identified with the central structure, since in the
latter play it is hewn down in the first Act, and left lying during
the second. Out of it emerges the nymph Fidelia: and we may
compare this with the transformation of Bagoa from an aspen to her
proper shape in Endimion, v. 3, vol. iii. p. 79, and of Gunophilus to
a hawthom in 7"he lVoman, p. 287 1. Protea's change to and from
Ulysses is effected by her passing through the central structure
(iv. 2, pp. 322-3). The only other changes are those of the three
nymphs into their own shape. Just as 'a thicke mist which
Proserpine shall send,' i.e. a smoke rising through a trap, is suggested
(p. 32o) as the agency by which the original Metamorphosis was
to be effected, so a 'showre' sent down by Venus p. 328) is the
cover of their restoration, wlùch is performed before the audience.
But, on the whole_, the text fumishes little explicit information
of additions ruade at these Court performances to the simple scenic
apparatus which sufficed for Shakespeare and the popular stage ;
though the Revels Accounts imply the expenditure of considerable
ingenuity, and prove that of large sums.
Lyly's balance between classic precedent and romandc freedom is
admirably shown in his treatment of the famous Unities, with which
most of the points just discussed are bound up. Growing, ail three,
out of the conditions under which the drama in Greece took its
rise--a religious occasion which intruded a large choral element, an
enormous auditorium in which detailed action would have been lost
and which induced the exaggeration of the human face and figure by
mask buskin, and long robes--the Unities of Time, Place, and
Action formulated by ancient critics had obtained the sanction of
traditional practice, surviving the local and national conditions
which gave them birth, because they were seen to enhance the »alue
of the dramatic spectacle as a work of literature and art. Deduced
from Greek practice by Aristotle in the 29oetics, they were neafly
reproduced on the Latin stage and were reformulated by Horace ;
and, on the revival of classical studies, they became the code of
scholars writing plays in direct imitation of the ancients, first in Italy
and a little later in England. The outcome of the contest between
i Cf. note on Gazcoigne's t'rincely 2leasures» below, p. 477.

BALANCE ABOUT THE UNITIES 26?
classic tradition and the romantic spirit may be summarised as the
rejection of what was purely formal in the former, and the retention
and development of what was grounded permanently on reason--as
the modification of the rules about Time and Place, but the enforce-
ment with wider and deeper application of Unity of Action.
Time and Place, indeed, had been doomed from the very first.
The impossibility of transgressing the limits of a single day or of
shifting the locality from a single spot, an impossibility solely due
to the continuous presence of the Chorus on the stage, disappeared
as soon as the division of the play by distinct pauses allowed the
stage to be left empty during the intervals. The slight exercise of
imagination which had sometimes required the audience to suppose
a lapse of hours even during the rime that the Chorus, still con-
tinuously present, was singing a choral ode, could, now that the stage
was left free for an interval, easily be extended to the passing of
many days : while the change of scene from one locality to another
in its near neighbourhood made inevitable its future transference
to a far more distant place. Both Unities, however, were strictly
observed in RoisIer Z)oisIer and Gamraer GurIon's 2Veedle, as well as
that rule of the continuity of scene within the limits of an Act, by
which a new-corner always has business with people already on the
stage, or has his advent heralded by them be[ore they depart. It
was always easier to observe these rules in Comedy, than to crowd
the weighty events of Tragedy into such brief space and concentrate
them on one narrow spot ; and Sidney, who commends Gorbodue
for its classic spirit and Senecan style, blames it for its demand of
'many dayes, and many place, inartificially imagined .' Of the
two plays I have singled out as Lyly's best exemplars, Z)amon and
PilAias disregards Time, but may be said to observe Place quite
strictly ; while _tromos and Cassandra also disregards Time, but lays
its scene at several spots in Julio and its neighbourhood.
All Lyly's plays require the lapse of a considerable time, with the Time.
exceptions of 2Woler Borabie and Z'/e I/Voman, which occupy two
days and one day respectively. And he is frankly careless about
exactitude or consistency, where he has decided to break the rule ;
co-ordinating, in Gallatea, a year's adventure by the boys in the
woods with the month or less required between the disguise of
the girls and the day when the virgin-tribute falls due; and repre-
senting Endimion's sleep of forty years as" compatible with the
t qologiefor t'oetrie, p. 65, ed..,eu-ber.

,l»laee.

l'arIial
,-anlinutaF
"

268 LYLY AS A PLAYVRIGHT
retention of youth by all the other characters t. Of Place he is much
more careful. In no play are we transported far from the spot
at which it opened ; save in Alidas, where we bave the hunting-
expedition from Phrygia or Sardis to Mount Tmolus, and the longer
journey to Apollo's shrine at ' Delphos '; and in Endimion, which
includes the Court, a scene at Corsites' 'castle in the desert,' and
another by the magic fountain which has taken Eumenides so
many years to reach, both these distances being, however, negatived
elsewhere by Tellus' proposal to re-enter her castle-prison and ' watch
Corsites sweating' at the lunary-bank in the palace-gardens, and by
the allusion of Epiton, the Court-page, to the fountain as lying ' hard
by' the same spot. In other plays the Unity is observed, i.e. the
scene, though varied, is confined to one neighbourhood; while in
Gai/alAma, 2Iol/mr Bombie, and (with one brief exception near the
close) 2"he IVoman, the stage may be considered as representing
an identical spot throughout. Further, Lyly endeavours fitfully to
observe that continuity of scenes which is a corollary from the strict
observation of Time and Place; occasionally linking his scenes by
express words in the dialogue , and sometimes extending their close
continuity to successive Acts, though the action contained therein
may require a considerable lapse of time, or the continuity may have
been broken by a change of place within the limits of the Act.
Thus Act iv in Sapho immediately follows on Act iii, and Act v on
Act iv, the journey to the forge and back being accomplished within
the Acts : the last two Acts of Gallalhea both occur on the day of
the sacrifice, though the play as a whole asks a year from its com-
mencement : and in 21[idas, Acts ii and iii, iii and iv, iv and v, are
closely continuous, in spite of changes of scene. In plays vhere
the Unity of Time is observed, like Zl[ol/mr Bombie and Z/m lf:oman,
such continuity of the Acts is natural ; but in those which imply hOt
only changes of scene but considerable lapses of time, the intervals
should rather have been arranged to fall between the Acts--thus
So, too, in Zoves :letamot:hosis, Acts iii and iv are closely connected by the
visit to Cupid announced in iiL , and carried ont in iv. L though an interval of
some hours is required between l'rotea's departure with the Merchant in iii. a and
ber return in iv. 2, which we are thus eompdled to place between iv. x and iv. .
Acts iv and v are closely connected by the ' strange discourse' of Protea begun
iv. , vol. iii. p. 323, and just over in v. , p. 35 ; yet some interval is necessary
between iv. I, where the foresters plan their revenge, and v. I, where Ceres protests
against it, and v. 3, where the foresters repent of it.
t E.g. the opening words of Gall. v. 3 link it closely to the scene just over : the
closing words of:Iidas, iv. 2 link it to the foilowing scene ; :loth. t?ombie, fil a
and 3 are verbally linked» and so are Zoves «lier. v. and 4-

ABRUPT TRANSFER OF SCENE 269
Phao is made to visit Sybilla twice in the single Act ii, Midas'
journey to Delphi occurs in the course of Act v, and the interval of
the second night in M'oter Bombie falls between the first and second
seenes of Act v, hot, as it should have done, between Acts iv and
Thus Lyly sometimes denies in one passage an interval that he has
granted in another ; and, where the intervals are hOt contradicted,
he is hOt careful to throw them between the Acts. Something
similar is his indulgence in a licence, of which Whetstone's play
furnished at least one instance--the imaginary transfer of local@
within the limits of a scene. Four such cases at least oecur in
Camase (i. 3. 1o; ii. 2. 9; iii. 4- 45, and again iii. 4.
one in Endimion, iv. 3, vol. iii. pp. 6o-x, one in Te If'oman, iv.
1. 292, and two in I, oves £etamor2]wsis, ii. x. 75-8i, iii. i57 for fuller
details of ail which I must refer the reader to what is said under the
head of 'Time and Place' in the separate Introduetions to each of
those plays. Sueh transfer would naturally arise on a stage which
possessed no movable seenery to identify the loeality with some
particular spot at the outset; and would disappear ,aith the intro-
duction of such. In Greene's plays oecur several instances, noted
in Dyce's edition: one in Bacon and tungay, p. 6o b (from the
street to the inside of the Friar's study), one in ,4l]wnsus of,4rragon,
p. 237 a (where two ladies in a palaee announeing their intention of
repairing to some ' groves' to eonsult the vdtch Medea, are met by
ber as they go out), and two others in GeorKe a Greene, pp. 262 a,
265 a. I doubt if an), instance can be shown in Shakespeare's work.
In some cases, e.g. Ca»ase, pp. 326, 338, nd[m[on, vol. iii. p. 60,
the transition from one place to another is supposed to be covered by
the eharacters pacing up and down the stage as they converse ; and
this idea of imaginary progress while remaining on the stage should
perhaps be applied to Campaspe's soliloquy in iv. 2 after leaving
Apelles' studio, to Apelles' soliloquy in v. 2, where, though he
remains ail the while in the market-plaee near Diogenes' tub (at
which the preceding and following scenes take place), he is really
on his way home from the palace, and eertainly to the progress of
Venus and Cupid in Sayho, v. , which, commencing outside the
forge, ends evidently at some distance from it.
It should be further noted that Lyly, working on the general
principle that there must be fareieal relief to every Acta rule he
follows in every play except £oves _3etamoryhosisdoes not scruple
to introduce such, in his two earliest plays at least, even in some

ImagD«ao"
transfer
the tourt
a

Intrusiz,t
farce dis-
reffardin.
scenit
lro2riety.

aTo LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
interior to which they are quite inappropriate, but in which the pre-
ceding and succeeding scenes are laid. Thus in Campaspe, iii. 2
Psyllus, left by Apelles in the outer studio ' at the window,' is joined
there, somewhat oddly, by Manes, and there follows the scene of the
crying of Diogenes' flight, before Psyllus plays truant : and in ._ça/ho,
Acts ii and iii, which otherwise take place wholly before the cave or
in Sapho's chamber, are intercalated scenes between the pages and
the smith which propriety compels me to loeate in 'A Street.' This,
like the imaginary transfer, illustrates the greater freedom claimed
for the imagination in the absence of localizing scenery. In later
plays, however, Lyly takes more thought for the proprieties, both by
keeping the whole Act out of doors, in some place where pages and
servants might shout and romp at ease, and also by preparing
the scene by some hint, e.g. the appearance of the pages with the
Huntsman in .illidas, iv. 3 on their return from the hunt is prepared
by Mellacrites' statement at the end of Act iii that the boys are
probably with the king. The absence of such care in the former
instances is a relic of the patchwork juxtaposition of farce with
serious marrer in the Moralities, where clownage was introduced
without attempt to interweave it with the action. Several similar
scenes in Shakespeare's earlier work, if they do hOt violate pro-
priety, are at least indictable for want of necessary connexion with
the action. An advancing degree of skill is finely perceptible in
the incongruous, unpleasing, yet properly-motived appearance of the
Musicians after the tragic scene in Juliet's chamber ; in the broad
and calious Gravediggers, deepening the pathos of Ophelia and
ministering to Hamlet's macabre mood; and in the terrible irony
underlying the drink-fuddled moralizing of Macbeth's honest, in-
dispensable Porter.
To sure up, Lyly in the marrer of Time and Place balances be-
tween classieal precedent and romantic freedom, obviously aware of
the rules and sometimes closely observing them, at others pretending
to observe while he really violates, at-others frankly disregarding
them and claiming licences which the later romantics abandoned.
Nor did fuller knowledge or a better-trained taste preserve him
from the anachronisms which abound in contemporary work, though
I think his instances are fera'er. When Sir Tophas and the pages make
a joke of Lilly and Colet's Latin Grammar, when Epiton talks of 'a
Westerne (Thames) barge,' vol. iii. p. 56, andCalypho ofa 'Parenthesis,'
vol. ii. p. 394, or when alchemy is introduced along with virgin-sacrifices

ANACHRONISMS, ETC.
to Neptune, we may connect the anachronism with that detachment
of the farcical matter just alluded to, as an instance of modern
colouring iven to scenes intended chiefly for tbe unlearned. But
no such excuse can be urged for Neptune's anger at a Danish
destruction of his temple, for Venus' proposal to change a girl's sex
' at the Church-dore,' for the appearance of Pythagoras along with
l¢.ndimion, for Apollo's writing ' Sonnets' in lIidas, or the nymphs of
Diana studying tbem, or their samplers either, vol. ii. p. 454, for Plato
appearing after tbe capture of Thebs, for Alexander's soldiers weafing
gloves as favours in their caps, for Pandora promsing her glove, com-
plaining that she bas been ruade 'a Puritan,' ordering Gunophilus
to bear her train, or alluding to 'our holy herb Nicotian,' vol. iii. p. 57
and still less for the all but universal habit of making Latin quotations,
a habit shared by Greek gods (Bacchus quotes Ovid in
vol. iii. p. xg) and by servants andent and modern (Cfiticus, vol. ii.
P- 393, quotes Catullus or Phaedrus, and Gunopbilus shows an un-
expected acquaintance with the De Off'is of Cicero, vol. iii. p. 782).
That Lyly reached at least in his later work a perception of the
absurdity is evident from Motto's 'fauenle denlo' and Petulus'
surprise at Latin in a barber's mouth, as also from Livia's confession
that she is noLatinist, vol. iii. p. 81,and Dromio's mistake, p. 206. But
habit was too strong; elsewhere in this saine play the servants bandy
Latin freely, and Gunophilus,later, has the accomplishment in common
with his primaeval m/stress. The mistake 'Delphos' for 'Delphi,'
borrowed by Shakespeare in Wintes Tale from Greene's Pandosto, is
perhaps original in 3[idas, v. * and 3, vol. iii. pp.
Passing to the much more important question of the action of
Lyly's plays and the degree of its conformity with dramatic require-
ments, I do not think the charge of want of action can be brought
against any of them as a whole, though Caraaspe has too little ; nor
that he fails in the matoer of entanglement and solution, in that
art of rousing expectation and leading us on to an issue which is
the most potent engine of dramatic interest. His apology in the
Epilogue to Sap/w for having brought his audience out of a maze at
the point at which they entered it, shows his grasp of the principle
and even though in this case the imperial votaress passes on un-
scathed, yet we watch for the outcome of Venus' machinations, and,
in the other plays, of Neptune's wrath and Cupid's designs, of
Most of these instances were fist observed by Hense, Shakeseare-Jahrbuch»
vil 6- (87a).

27 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
Tellus' plot, of Midas' folly, of the cross-intrigues at Rochester,
of Nature's experiment and the Planets' hostility thereto, of the
opposition between Ceres and Erisichthon, the nymphs and their
loyers, with an interest due to skill of presentment--skill which lends
Lyly's dramas, for me at least, more attraction than belong to
more highly-rated work by some of his successors. Steinhiiuser's
objection to three of them, that the display of passion by Alexander,
by Sapho, and by Gallathea and Phillida, fails to lead on to action,
seems to me a little to misconceive the dramatic problem. In the
two first cases the problem was not what would ensue from yielding
to passion, but whether passion or reason should triumph ; and the
victory of the latter provides a suitable comic issue, as that of the
former would have provided a tragic. Nor is Alexander's passion
resultless, since it leads to the union of Cantase with the painter ;
nor yet Sapho's, since it leads to her alienation from, and dis-
comfiture of, her rival Venus. Perhaps, however, Steinhiiuser is
right in requiring that Venus shall be regarded as the true prota-
gonist. His objection in the case of Gallathea is better grounded ;
yet the passion of the two girls is only an incident arising out of
their disguise, the success or failure of the attempt to evade the
sacrifice being the main concern. It may be conceded, however,
that their affection lies too much apart from the plot for the attention
it receives ; and that love-making is ruade more productive of action
in the two other pastorals, 2"e ll'oman and Laves l]Ietamorhosis. The
earlier plays do, no doubt, contain some elements merely episodical
and abortive, among which may be reckoned the talk between Clitus
and Parmenio, between Pandion and Trachinus, between Sapho's
ladies, between Sophronia's, between the shepherds in 2]h'das, and
between the servants and pages of the two first plays ; none of which
talk can be said to serve any but a generally illustrative purpose, and
sometimes not even that. So too the philosophers, Plato, Aristotle,
and the rest, have no connexion with the action, except as illustrating
Alexander's assumption of a more peaceful attitude: the relations
of Diogenes with Alexander or others cannot be said to have any
dramatic issue : Sybilla's conferences with Phao do hOt influence his
conduct or his fortunes one whit: nothing follows from Vulcan's
annoyance with Venus, or Mileta's attempt on Phao (iii. 4): while
Tellus' unmotived deception of Corsites, equally barren of result on
the main action, fails also of its own proper effect of estranging
Corsites from her.

HIS GENERAL PLAN OF A CAST 273
These instances show that, though Lyly had from the first some
intelligence of the means for securing varicty and interest, it was
some rime before he lcarned their propcr management. His pro-
cedure by conscious mcthod and plan, as also the pcrsistcnce in his
mind of a conception or plan once formed, is shown vcry clear]y by
the striking rcsemblance in thc character-schcme of ail his plays.
In ail we bave groups of charactcrs, e.g. in Cataracte of warriors,
philosophcrs, and pages ; in SaAo of ladies, two courtiers, two
pages ; in Gallatea two parents, two daughtcrs, thrce brothers, four
or rive nymphs ; in Endbnion thrce pages, two counci]lors, two
philosophcrs, and Te]lus and Dipsas working for thc estrangcmcnt
of Cynthia and Endimion, as Eumcnides and Geron arc working
for their union ; in 3lida« thrce councillors, three pages, a group of
ladics, a group of shepherds ; in JlottoerBombie four o]d fathcrs, four
rascally servants, three young couples, two old womcn, thrce fiddlers ;
in Tht Waman thrcc allcgorical figures, sevcn p]anct-dcitics, four
shcphcrds; in Zaves 2]letamorAosis Cupid against Ceres, thrce
forcsters over against three nymphs, and Protca in love with Pctulius.
In thc two latest plays, cspecially, the tendency to symmetrical balance
of group against group is strongly markd. Then almost cvery play
contains some central figure, king, queen, or goddess, who prcsides by
right of position rather than of superior character or fuller drawing,
e. g. Alexander, Sapho, Diana, Cynthia, Midas, Pandora, Ceres ; and
some other figure in the background, sometimes of equal authority,
whom, as witch, hermit, or oracle, the other characters consult,
e.g. Diogenes, Sybilla, the Augur, Dipsas, Bacchus and Apollo,
Mother Bombie, Nature, Cupid. It can hardly be said that Lyly's
scheme includes a villain as a recognized ingredient (Tellus in
Endimion, Vicinia in 3lotàer 2Rombie, and Erisichthon in Zoves 31eta-
morpkosis, are the nearest instances of such); nor yet a Vice, the
comic or mischief-making element being usually distributed among
a group of servants or pages, and concentrated in a single figure
only in the case of Gunophilus in The tVoman--one of the links, as
Steinhiuser points out, whieh connects that play with the Moralities 1.
It may be remarked that this symmetry of construction is the latest
development of Lyly's tendency to antithesis ; but that he had some
a Resemblanee is also shown in the reference to the general seheme of Nature,
in the personification of the abstractions, Nature, Concord, and Discord, and in
the embodiment of moral qualifies in the Seven Planers. But Steinhiiuser i$ in-
clined to exaggerate the likeness, which leads him to overlook the maay argam¢nts
which exist for a lat¢ date, and to place it as Lyly's carliest.

Fixed
character-
gcteme, att d
bala.cing
ofgro.ps.

4danc¢
plot-con-
lrlgldOno

Camaspe.

Sapho and
Phao.

74 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
example for such grouping in Damon and _Piltu'as, where we get two
friends, two flatterers, two pages, and Dionysius in authority.
But the uniformity in the materials chosen by no means extends
to the use ruade of them. Here a steady advance is traceable
throughout his work, an advance which tends to confirm the order
I assign to the plays. Under-plot, absent from Campaspe and Sapho,
appears first in Gallathea, after which .(except in [idas) greater
complexity is ahvays apparent, and the weaving well done. Similarly
the comic scenes, though inter-connected even in Ca»aspe and
Sapho, are first given a superficial connexion a,ith the main action in
Gallathea, a much closer but still an artificial one in Endimion,
a rem and organic one in 211idas, and lastly a fruitful and important
one in zT[other Botnlie and The IVoman. A few words on each play
will illustrate this advance in plot-construction.
In Canaspe the only interests beyond that of Alexander, Camp-
aspe, and Apelles, round which are grouped Hephaestion, Clitus,
Parmenio, and Timoclea, are those of the philosophers, the servants,
the Athenian citizens, and Lais. One figure, Diogenes, is chosen to
connect these scattered units by entering into relations with each of
them in turn ; but it cannot be said that any development takes place
in Diogenes, or that anything he says in his talk with Alexander or
any of the others has any effect on the action bf the piece. He
serres to give cohesion to the character-scheme, but hot complexity
to the action.
In Sapho there is a fuller intrigue. Venus, dissatisfied with her
home-life in the dirty forge, seeks adventures and resolves to subdue
Sapho. Her gift of beauty to the ferryman Phao, and her orders to
Cupid to wound Sapho, are both fatal to herself, kindling in the pair
a passion which is the rival of that she has unwitfingly aroused in ber
own breast; and when she has procured new weapons, she is betrayed
by Cupid, who cures Sapho of love, but fills Phao with hatred of
Venus ; so that her enemy triumphs, and so far from yielding to ber,
bas detached Cupid from her side and aspires to rule as queen of
love. This is cleverly handled as a piece of flattery--it is difficult
to believe that there can have beenanything nearly so good before
it ; but none of the attempts to create a side-interest--Pandion's dis-
content, Sybilla's eounsels, Mileta wooing Phao, Vulcan and Venus
at home--are brought to any issue, and so none e.an deserve the title
of an under-plot, though from Venus' initial grumblings Lyly seems
to have intended the forge-lire to serve as sueh. The cotait element

CONNEXION OF THREADS 275
of Molus, Criticus, and Calypho, though, like that in
possessing the merely external connexion that its personages are
imagined in some relation with, and actually speak of, those of the
main action--can be said neither to grow out of it, nor to minister
to it, nor yet to contain any definite action within itself.
In Gallalhea first do ve get two distinct, yet inter-connected
threads. Neptune, his tribute and the evasion of it, constitute the
first, incidental to which are the loves of the two disguised girls
while the second is provided in the defiance of Cupid by a nymph
of Diana, his successful war upon the nymphs in revenge, his detec-
tion by Diana, and punishment by his victims, and his final rescue
by Venus. A real connexion and mutual ministration between them
is supplied by the fact that hot only do the disguised girls fall into
the hands of Diana's nymphs, but form the means employed by
Cupid to subject the nymphs to love, while it is in order to procure
the remission of the virgin-tribute that Diana is induced to release
Cupid at the close. And the comic element--boys, mariner, alche-
mist, astrologer--is both more important and better managed within
itself than heretofore, having a distinct beginning, development (in
which it receives reinforcements), and end ; while, though its char-
acters have no original relation with those of the serious action, yet
they have obviously been shipwrecked in the storm raised by Neptune,
and at the close are brought in to assist at the wedding.
In ndimion, though perhaps no under-plot tan be said distinctly
to detach itself from the serious action, yet the interests are so various
that the same impression of fullness and complexity is produced.
Steinhuser rightly finds the protagonist of the piece in Tellus, whose
plots against her former loyer Endimion, their success, their defeat,
and the bringing of their contriver to justice form the stuff of the
action, to which all other elements, save the comic, are directly
subordinate. After discrediting Endimion with his adored mistress
Cynthia, Tellus procures the aid of Dipsas' magic, and lulls him to
a forty years' sleep. Eumenides, by sacrifice of his love for Semele
to friendship, wins the secret of his deliverance ; and in doing so
discovers a former vicfim of Dipsas, in Geron her aged husband,
whose return to Court has awaited the arrival of a true loyer and
a true fnend. Besides these three couples and the issue of their
affairs, we have the connected passion of Corsites for Tellus, with
whom he is eventually paired ; but his attempt at her instigation on
the sleeping Endimion is a blemish, having no effect whatever upon

Gallathea.

276 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the plot, and merely serving to introduce the fairy-ballet. Lastly
there is a comic element with a story of its own, which, though it
still fails to minister to the main action, yet includes some minor
characters of the latter, touches it through Cynthia's words and
action at the close, and moreover serres as parallel and parody of it.
Sir Tophas, a foolish braggart, who at first exhibits complete indif-
ference to love and is intent on triumphs over sheep and wrens and
fish, is seized with a ridiculous passion for the crone Dipsas, which
seems to hint at the extravagance of Endimion's for Cynthia. Tophas
even desires to slumber like Endimion for forty or fifty years (iv. tE.
8): like Endimion, he dreams of his mistress, and narrates his
dream when he wakes (iii. 3- P- 46) i. ' This kind of by-plot,' says
Steinhiuser, 'appears first in English Comedy with Lyly, and with
Lyly in its fullness only in Fndimion. It need not be pointed out
that such a by-plot is in particular accord with the method of
Comedy, and affords the author the best opportunity for fine shading
and deepening, if he understands how to avail himself of it. It can
best be studied in Shakespeare. To say that Shakespeare leamt
this art entirely from Lyly's Fndimion would be pronounced an
exaggeration ; yet there is undoubtedly a manifold correspondence
between ndimion and Lo'oe's Labour's Lost in this matter*.' Lastly
we may note that here first the comic element is enriched by a femi-
nine interest, hot merely in Bagoa but, earlier, in Scintilla and Favilla.
In ][idas unity of action suffers by the duality of incident, and
the second of the two incidents is hOt necessarily, only accidentally,
derived from the first, though both are meant to illustrate the ping'ue
btgenium of the king. The groups of the three councillors and
Sophronia with ber ladies supply dialogue rather than motive to the
action ; nor can there properly be said to be an under-plot, though
a slight side-interest is created by Eristus' unsuccessful suit of Celia.
The true under-plot must be sought once more in the comic element,
the scenes of which are hot only inter-connected by a story of their
own, but arise for the first rime definitely out of the main action,
though they still fail in the last point of ministering to it. Midas
Cf. iv. a. 7 ° ' resolued to weep some three or foure paylefuls,' with Eumenides
lu iii. 4- 44, 73-
a .John L),I), als 19ramaliker, pp. 39, 4 o, an essay whieh first suggested to me
this view of parallelism and parody in the comic action of Enarimian. The chier
points of connexion between EnÆimion and/././, would be the four couples in
each, and on the comic side the magnificent Armado chaffed by his page Moth
and declining on Jaquenetta, as Sir Tophas is chaffed by Epiton and subsides on
Bagoa.

THE FARCE AT LAST INTRINSIC
bas touched his own beard ; and the golden spoil, a perquisite of his
barber, Motto, bas been stolen by one of the Pages. The latter is
compelled to restore it in ortier to procure Motto's aid in relieving
his toothache. An inventory of his goods, which Motto bas given
them as a means of redeeming it from pa'n, turns out to be a ficti-
tious document; but by entrapping the barber, who bas observed
Midas' asses ears, into a treasonable speech, they are able to recover
possession of the beard as the price of their silence. Here, too,
a pretty feminine element is introduced in Celia's maid, Pipenetta
and the Pages are occasionally spoken, or alluded, to by the serious
characters.
In A[other Bombie the fusion is more perfect than in any other of
the plays. It represents the extreme of Lyly's tendency to antithetic
grouping ; and the number and likeness of the characters produce
an intricate plot in which the distinction between ideal and farcical
elements is lost, though Maestius and Serena, their foster-mother
Vicinia and Mother Bombie are serious throughout. The double
scheme to match the half-witted Accius and Silena, its defeat and
the substitution of the happier match of Maestius with Serena, form
the main plot, which exchanges mutual obligations of advancement
with the under-plot, whose subject is the stolen match of Candius
and Livia. It may be objected, however, that there is gross improb-
ability in the device whereby (iv. 2) the ' old huddles' are deceived ;
and the ramblings of sheer idiocy are, as noted above, painful rather
than pleasing, and no proper subject for comic treatment. But the
play is managed with humour and spirit, and contains some good
dramatic situations, e.g. the informal betrothal of Candius and Livia,
oveiheard and interrupted by their parents (i. 3), their formal troth-
plight, to which their parents are unwittingly ruade parties (iv. ), the
wooing-scene of Accius and Silena (iv. 2), overlooking the impr.ob-
ability, where their own deficiencies and their parents' trickery are
ruade manifest, and the visit of the fiddlers to Sperantus' and
Memphio's houses in v. 3- Steinh/iuser notes that the child-chang-
ing and the restoration of the truc children to their rightful position
are of Plautine derivation : the restoration, at least, is also round in
the Mndria of Terence.
The scheme of Z/te Voman (c. I59I-3) was one difficult of execu-
tion ; and there is force in the criticism that it robs Pandora of in-
dividuality, since she becomes the mere puppet of the planet that
happens to be in the ascendant. The lack of distinctive traits in

IVoman in
tac .]loone.

276 LYL¥ AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the plot, and merely serving to introduce the falry-ballet. Lastly
there is a comic element with a story of its own, which, though it
still fails to minister to the main action, yet includes some minor
characters of the latter, touches it through Cynthia's words and
action at the close, and moreover serves as parallel and parody of it.
Sir Tophas, a foolish braggart, who at first exhibits complete indif-
ference to love and is intent on triumphs over sheep and wrens and
fish, is seized with a ridiculous passion for the crone Dipsas, which
seems to hint at the extravagance of Endimion's for C),nthia. Tophas
even desires to slumber like Endimion for forty or fifty years (iv. 2.
zS): like Endimion, he dreams of his mistress, and narrates his
dream when he wakes (iii. 3- P- 46)i. ' This kind of by-plot,' says
Steinluser, 'appears first in English Comedy with Lyly, and with
Lyly in its fullness only in Endimion. It need not be pointed out
that such a by-plot is in particular accord with the method of
Comedy, and affords the author the best opportunity for fine shading
and deepening, if he understands how to avail himself of it. It can
best be studied in Shakespeare. To say that Shakespeare leamt
this art entirely from Lyly's Endimion would be pronounced an
exaggeration ; yet there is undoubtedly a manifold correspondence
between Etdimion and Lave's Labour's Lost in this matter .' Lastly
we may note that here first the comic element is enriched by a femi-
nine interest, hot merely in Bagoa but, earlier, in Scintilla and Favilla.
In 2l[idas unity of action suffers by the duality of incident, and
the second of the two incidents is hot necessarily, only accidentally,
derived from the first, though both are meant to illustrate the 2#inKue
btgenium of the king. The groups of the three councillors and
Sophronia with ber ladies supply dialogue rather than motive to the
action ; nor can there properly be said to be an under-plot, though
a slight side-interest is created by Eristus' unsuccessful suit of Celia.
The true under-plot must be sought once more in the comic element,
the scenes of which are hot only inter-connected by a story of their
own, but arise for the first time definitely out of the main action,
though they still fail in the last point of ministering toit. Midas
t Cf. iv. a. 70 ' resolued to weep some three or route paylefuls,' with Eumeuides
iu iii. 4- 44, 73-
John Zyly als Dramatiker, pp. 39, 4 o, an essay whieh first suggested fo me
this view of parallelism and parody in the comic action of Et,dimiot,. The chief
points of conuexiou between Endimion and Z. Z. Z. would be the four couples in
each, and on the comic side the magnifieent Armado chaffed by his page Moth
and declining on Jaquenetta, as Sir Tophas is chaffed by Epiton and subsides on
Bagoa.

THE FARCE AT LAST INTRINSIC 77
bas touched his own beard and the golden spoil, a perquisite of his
barber, Motto, has been stolen by one of the Pages. The latter is
complled to restore it in order to procure Motto's aid in relieving
his toothache. An inventory of his goods, which Motto has given
them as a means of redeeming it from pat'n, tums out to be a ficti-
tious document; but by entrapping the barber, who has observed
Midas' asses ears, into a treasonable speech, they are able to recover
possession of the beard as the price of their silence. Here, too,
a pretty feminine element is introduced in Celia's maid, Pipenetta ;
and the Pages are occasionally spoken, or alluded, to by the serious
characters.
In _[oter ]?»bie the fusion is more perfect than in any other of
the plays. It represents the extreme of Lyly's tendency to antithetic
grouping ; and the number and likeness of the characters produce
an intricate plot in which the distinction between ideal and farcical
elements is lost, though Maestius and Serena, their foster-mother
¥icinia and Mother Bombie are serious throughout. The double
scheme to match the half-witted Accius and Silena, its defeat and
the substitution of the happier match of Maestius with Serena, form
the main plot, which exchanges mutual obligations of advancement
with the under-plot, whose subject is the stolen match of Candius
and Livia. It may be objected, however, that there is gross improb-
ability in the device whereby (iv. 2) the ' old huddles' are deceived ;
and the ramblings of sheer idiocy are, as noted above, painful rather
than pleasing, and no proper subject for comic treatment. But the
play is managed with humour and spirit, and contains some good
dramatic situations, e.g. the informal betrothal of Candius and Livia,
overheard and interrupted by their parents (i. 3), their formal troth-
plight, to which their parents are unwittingly ruade parties (iv. ), the
wooing-scene of Accius and Silena (iv. 2), overlooking the impr, ob-
ability, where their own deficiencies and their parents' trickery are
ruade manifest, and the visit of the fiddlers to Sperantus' and
Memphio's houses in v. 3- Steinhiuser notes that the child-chang-
ing and the restoration of the true children to their righfful position
are of Plautine derivation : the restoration, at least, is also round in
the 4ndrfa of Terenee.
The scheme of T//4zotza (e. I59I-3) was one dif-ficult of exeeu-
tion ; and there is force in the eriticism that it robs Pandora of in-
dividuality, since she becomes the mere puppet of the planet that
happens to be in the ascendant. The lack of distinctive traits in

276 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the plot, and merely serving to introduce the fairy-ballet. Lastly
there is a comic element with a story of its own, which, though it
still fails to minister to the main action, yet includes some minor
characters of the latter, touches it through Cynthia's wordæ and
action at the close, and moreover serres as parallel and parody of it.
Sir Tophas, a foolish braggart, who at first exhibits complete indif-
ference to love and is intent on triumphs over sheep and wrens and
fish, is seized with a ridiculous passion for the crone Dipsas, which
seems to hint at the extravagance of Endimion's for Cynthia. Tophas
even desires to slumber like Endimion for forty or fifty years (iv. 2.
8): like Endimion, he dreams of his mistress, and narrates his
dream when he wakes (iii. 3. P- 46)1. 'This kind of by-plot,' says
Steinhiuser, 'appears first in English Comedy with Lyly, and with
Lyly in its fullness only in Endimion. It need not be pointed out
that such a by-plot is in particular accord with the method of
Comedy, and affords the author the best opportunity for fine shading
and deepening, if he understands how to avail himself of it. It can
best be studied in Shakespeare. To say that Shakespeare learnt
this art entirely from Lyly's Endimion would be pronounced an
exaggeration; yet there is undoubtedly a manifold correspondence
between Endimion and Love's Labour's Lost in this matter L' Lastly
we may note that here first the comic element is enriched by a femi-
nine interest, not meiely in Bagoa but, earlier, in Sçintilla and Favilla.
In 21Iidas unity of action suffers by the duality of incident, and
the second of the two incidents is not necessarily, only accidentally,
derived from the first, though both are meant to illustrate the pingue
ingenium of the king. The groups of the three councillors and
Sophronia with her ladies supply dialogue rather than motive to the
action ; nor e_an there properly be said to be an under-plot, though
a slight side-interest is created by Eristus' unsuccessful suit of Celia.
The truc under-plot must be sought once more in the comic element,
the scenes of which are not only inter-conneeted by a story of their
own, but arise for the first time definitely out of the main action,
though they still fail in the last point of ministering toit. Midas
t Cf. iv. . 70 ' resolued to weep some three or foure paylefuls,' with Eumenides
in iii. 4. 44, 73.
ZJohn Lyly als Draraatiker, pp. 39, 4 o, an essay which first suggested to me
this view of parallelism and parody iu the comic action of Endimion. The chief
points of connexion between Endiraion and L L L. would be the four couples in
each, and on the comic side the magnifieent Armado chaffed by his page Moth
and declining on Jaqueuetta» as Sir Tophas is chaffed by Epiton and subsidez on
Bagoa.

THE FARCE AT LAST INTRINSIC 77
has touched his own beard ; and the golden spoil, a perquisite of his
barber, Motto, has been stolen by one of the Pages. The latter is
complled to restore it in order to procure Motto's aid in relieving
his toothache. An inventory of his goods, which Motto has given
them as a means of redeenfing it from pawn, turns out to be a ficti-
tious document; but by entrapping the barber, who has observed
Midas' asses ears, into a treasonable speech, they are able to recover
possession of the beard as the price of their silence. Here, too,
a pretty feminine element is introduced in Celia's maid, Pipenetta ;
and the Pages are occasionally spoken, or alluded, to by the serious
characters.
In #[other Bo»tbie the fusion is more perfect than in any other of
the plays. It represents the extreme of Lyly's tendency to antithetic
grouping; and the number and likeness of the characters produce
an intricate plot in which the distinction between ideal and farcical
elements is lost, though Maestius and Serena, their foster-mother
Vicinia and Mother ]3ombie are serious throughout. The double
scheme to match the half-witted Accius and Silena, its defeat and
the substitution of the happier match of Maestius with Serena, form
the main plot, which exchanges mutual obligations of advancement
with the under-plot, whose subject is the stolen match of Candius
and Livia. It may be objected, however, that there is gross improb-
ability in the device whereby (iv. 2) the ' old huddles' are deceived ;
and the ramblings of sheer idiocy are, as noted above, painful rather
than pleasing, and no proper subject for comic treatment. But the
play is managed with humour and spirit, and contains some good
dramatic situations, e.g. the informal betrothal of Candius and Livia,
ovefheard and interrupted by their parents (i. 3), their formal troth-
plight, to which their parents are unwittingly made parties (iv. ), the
wooing-scene of Accius and Silena (iv. 2), overlooking the impr, ob-
ability, where their own deficiencies and their parents' trickery are
ruade manifest, and the visit of the fiddlers to Sperantus' and
Memphio's houses in v. 3- Steinhiuser notes that the child-chang-
ing and the restoration of the true children to their rightful position
are of Plautine derivadon : the restoration, at least, is also found in
the Andria of Terence.
The scheme of The tVoman (c. 59-3) was one difficult of execu-
tion ; and there is force in the criticism that it robs Pandora of in-
dividuality, since she becomes the mere puppet of the planet that
happens to be in the ascendant. The lack of distinctive traits in

l'oman in
the .lloant.

276 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the plot, and merely serving to introduce the fairy-ballet. Lastly
there is a comic element with a story of its own, which, though it
still fails to minister to the main action, yet includes some minor
characters of the latter, touches it through Cynthia's words and
action at the close, and moreover serves as parallel and parody of it.
Sir Tophas, a foolish braggart, who at first exhibits complete indif-
ference to love and is intent on triumphs over sheep and wrens and
fish, is seized with a ridiculous passion for the crone Dipsas, which
seelns to hint at the extravagance of Endimion's for Cynthia. Tophas
even desires to slumber like Endimion for forty or fifty years (iv. 2.
18): like Endimion, he dreams of his mistress, and narrates his
dream when he wakes (iii. 3. P. 46) i. ' This kind of by-plot,' says
Steinhuser, 'appears first in English Comedy with Lyly, and with
Lyly in its fullness only in Endimion. It need not be pointed out
that such a by-plot is in particular accord with the method of
Comedy, and affords the author the best opportunity for fine shading
and deepening, if he understands how to avail himself of it. It can
best be studied in Shakespeare. To say that Shakespeare learnt
this art entirely from Lyly's t;ndimion would be pronounced an
exaggeration; yet there is undoubtedly a manifold correspondence
between Endimion and Love's Laboures Lost in this matter .' Lastly
we may note that here first the comic element is enriched by a femi-
nine interest, hot merely in Bagoa but, earlier, in Scintilla and Favilla.
In 21[idas unity of action suffers by the duality of incident, and
the second of the two incidents is hOt necessarily, only accidentally,
derived from the first, though both are meant to illustrate the îhingue
ingenium of the king. The groups of the three councillors and
Sophronia with her ladies supply dialogue rather than motive to the
action ; nor can there properly be said tobe an under-plot, though
a slight side-interest is created by Eristus' unsuccessful suit of Celia.
The true under-plot must be sought once more in the comic element,
the scenes of which are hOt only inter-connected by a story of their
own, but arise for the first drue definitely out of the main action,
though they still rail in the last point of ministering toit. Midas
t Cf. iv. a. 70 ' resolued to weep some three or foure paylefuls,' with Euraeuides
iu iii. 4- 44, 73-
a John Zyl als Dramatiker, pp. 39, 4 o, an essay which fil-St suEgested to me
this view of parallelism and parody in the comic action of Endimion. The chier
points of conuexion between Endimion and Z. Z. Z. would be the four couples in
each, and on the comic side the magnificent Armado chaffed by his page Moth
and declining on Jaquenetta, as Sir Tophas is chaff¢d by Epiton and subsides on
Bagoa.

THE FARCE AT LAST INTRINSIC 277
has touehed his own beard ; and the golden spoil, a perquisite of his
barber, Motto, has been stolen by one of the Pages. The latter is
eompelled to restore it in order to procure Motto's aid in relieving
his toothaehe. An inventory of his goods, which Motto has given
them as a means of redeeming it from pawn, turns out tobe a ficti-
tious document; but by entrapping the barber, who bas observed
Midas' asses ears, into a treasonable speeeh, they are able to reeover
possession of the beard as the priee of their silence. Here, too,
a pretty feminine element is introduced in Celia's maid, Pipenetta ;
and the Pages are oeeasionally spoken, or alluded, to by the serious
characters.
In 3[other Bmbie the fusion is more perfect than in any other of
the plays. It represents the extreme of Lyly's tendency to antithetic
grouping ; and the number and likeness of the characters produce
an intficate plot in which the distinction between ideal and farcical
elements is lost, though aestius and Serena, their foster-mother
Vicinia and Mother Bombie are serious throughout. The double
seheme to match the half-witted Accius and Silena, its defeat and
the substitution of the happier match of Maestius with Serena, form
the main plot, which exchanges mutual obligations of advancement
with the under-plot, whose subject is the stolen match of Candius
and Livia. It may be objected, however, that there is gross improb-
ability in the device 'hereby (iv. 2) the ' old huddles' are deeeived ;
and the ramblings of sheer idiocy are, as noted above, painful rather
than pleasing, and no proper subject for comic treatment. But the
play is managed with humour and spirit, and contains some good
dramatic situations, e.g. the informal betrothal of Candius and Livia,
overheard and interrupted by their parents (i. 3), their formal troth-
plight, to which their parents are unwittingly ruade parties (iv. ), the
wooing-seene of Accius and Silena (iv. 2), overlooking the impr.ob-
ability, where their own deficiencies and their parents' trickery are
ruade manifest, and the visit of the fiddlers to Sperantus' and
Memphio's houses in v. 3- Steinh/iuser notes that the child-chang-
ing and the restoration of the true children to their rightful position
are of Plautine derivation : the restoration, at least, is also found in
the Andria of Terence.
The scheme of The l/Voman (c. x59x-3) t'as one difficult of execu-
tion ; and there is force in the criticism that it robs Pandora of in-
dividuality, since she becomes the mere puppet of the planet that
happens to be in the ascendant. The lack of distinctive traits in

,llvther
]3ombie.

Tie
the ,llaone.

78 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the shepherds is hardly traceable to the scheme ; unless they too
are to be considered as subject to the planetary influence, as seems
to be the case under the sway of Mars (vol. iii. p. 54), ofApollo (p.
where Stesias exhibits a ridiculous sympathy with Pandora's prophefic
rein), of Venus (pp. 62 sqq.), which converts the hitherto respecfful
Gunophilus into a loyer, and of Mercury (pp. 271 sqq.), which turns
them ail into intriguers. Saturn, Jupiter, and Luna exercise no such
wide effect; and perhaps it vould be more correct to say that, as
regards the shepherds, it is really Venus who is in the ascendant
throughout, though love prompts them to different actions accord-
ing a Mars, Venus, or Mercury preside. Again, Luna's crowning
influence, which is to make Pandora
'Nev-fangled, fyckle, slothful, foolish, mad,'
seems hardly distinguishable from the sum of those already exerted ;
though the results are certainly different, and Lyly has written for
her a dialogue at once lunatic and poetical. It should perhaps be
noted rather as a point of character that, while the other planers
are content merely to influence her, Jupiter and Apollo are candi-
dates for her love, the latter exhibiting the higher type of passion.
Ail the seven, however, have at the close laid aside their original
envy of her, and unite in petitioning Nature to place her in their
particular sphere. It seems uncertain whether these varieties in
their attitude, and in their several effect on the Utopians, were in-
tentional on the author's part, or mere exigencies into which he was
driven by the inherent difficulties of the scheme. Yet the action as
a whole remains one. The experiment of Nature, which inflicts
injury upon all the planers, fails owing to their united opposition to
it ; and this failure is exhibited by a series of events among the
Utopians, of connected interest and progress as a human story, and
yet placed in skilful and fairly consistent relation with the planetary
contest behind it. Finally the comic element, here concentrated in
Gunophilus, interpenetrates every portion of the action ; exhibiting
indeed less wit and word-play than in earlier work, but a far greater
proportion of genuine humour, so that Gunophilus, in hîs rueful
appreciation of his own mishaps, forms the nearest approach in
Lyly's work to the early Shakespearean clown, a type to which he
is perhaps indebted. Altogether, in spite of some defects, I am
inclined to regard T& IVomapt as the cleverest and most original
of Lyly's plays: it certainly possesses the largest share of poetic
beauty.

MUTUAL MINISTRATION OF PARTS 279
The general relation of Loves Metaraorhosfs to Gallathea is re-
flected in its composition, which is of two separate thr¢ads, properly
connected. Erisichthon's outrage on Ceres, the penalty and his de-
liverance from it through the agency of Protea, form the main plot ;
while the under-plot is furnished by the disdain of Ceres' nymphs for
the foresters, their punishment and final restoration on condition of
submission to love. The connexion between the two consists (I) in
the fact that the husbandman's outrage is prompted by the honours
paid to Ceres by her nymphs, and involves the death of another
nymph, which outrage and death they report to the goddess ; (2) in
Cupid's central position between the two threads, which makes him
the protector of Protea in the one, and the avenger of the foresters
in the other, so that in order to procure from him the release of her
nymphs Çeres has to remit her punishment of famine inflicted on
Erisichthon. The foresters touch Erisichthon only through the
nymphs, though Lyly as usual supplies the external connexion of
mere words (vol. iii. pp. 34, 32o, 327, 332) Both plots justify
the title ; the revengeful transformation which Love inflicts upon the
nymphs being balanced by those voluntarily undergone by Protea
on behalf of her father and her loyer Petulius. The merciful close
is, like that of Iidas (cf. Cynthia's indulgence to Tellus), a departure
from Ovid's account, proper to a comic issue. The absence of a
farcical element in this play has already been noted.
The reader, who examines Lyly's plays in the light of the foregoing
suggestions, will, I hope, realize how important was the advance he
effected in the science of dramatic architecture. If he fails in his earlier
plays, and in some minor respects in his later, it is because the stock
of available example is so poor in quality, because he is the experi-
menter whose efforts are to establish rules of dramatic practice for
the guidance of his successors. That Shakespeare was his disciple
in this respect is beyond a doubt. To the fundamental brain-work
which Lyly put into his plays, the greater poet and the Shakespearean
stage in general are almost as much indebted as they are to his intro-
duction of a lively, witty, and coherent dialogue.

llIeta-
morihoi«.

4. Hls CHARACTERIZATION.
It must be admitted that he cannot claire the same praise on the
ground of character-drawing, though his rem merits in this depart-
ment have been somewhat obscured by the even uniformity of his
style.. That he paid attention to character is obvious from the efforts,

75 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the shepherds is hardly traceable to the scheme ; unless they too
are to be considered as subject to the planetary influence, as seems
to be the case under the sway of Mars (vol. iii. p. 54), of Apollo (p., 59,
where Stesias exhibits a ridiculous sympathy with Pandora's prophefic
rein), of Venus (pp. 6 sqq.), which converts the hitherto respectful
Gunophilus into a loyer, and of Mercury (pp. 27I sqq.), which turns
thym ail into intriguers. Saturn, Jupiter, and Luna exercise no such
wide effect ; and perhaps it would be more correct to say that, as
regards the shepherds, it is really Venus who is in the ascendant
throughout, though love prompts them to dilïerent actions accord-
ing a Mars, Venus, or Mercury preside. Again, Luna's crowning
influence, which is to make Pandora
'New-fang|ed, fyckle, sloth'u|, foolish, mad,'
seems hardly distinguishable from the sum of those already exerted;
though the results are certainly different, and Lyly has written for
her a dialogue at once lunatic and poetical. It should perhaps be
noted rather as a point of character that, whi]e the other planets
are content merely to influence her, Jupiter and Apollo are candi-
dates for her love, the latter exhibiting the higher type of passion.
Ail the seven, however, have at the close laid aside their original
envy of her, and unite in petifioning Nature to place her in their
particular sphere. It seems uncertain whether these variefies in
their attitude, and in their several effect on the Utopians, were in-
tentional on the author's part, or mere exigencies into which he was
driven by the inherent difficulties of the scheme. Yet the action as
a whole remains one. The experiment of Nature, which inflicts
injury upon ail the planets, fails owing to their united opposition to
it; and this failure is exhibited by a series of events among the
Utopians, of connected interest and progress as a human story, and
yet placed in skilful and fairly consistent relation with the planetary
contest behind it. Finally the comic e]ement, here concentrated in
Gtmophilus, interpenetrates every portion of the action ; exhibiting
indeed less wit and word-play than in earlier work, but a far greater
proportion of genuine humour, so that Gunophilus, in his rueful
appreciation of his own mishaps, forms the nearest approach in
Lyly's work to the early Shakespearean clown, a type to which he
is perhaps indebted. Altogether, in spite of some defects, I am
inclined to regard Z' I'aman as the cleverest and most original
of Lyly's plays: it certainly possesses the largest share of poetic
beauty.

MUTUAL MINISTRATION OF PARTS 279
The general relation of l_.oves Mé/amerphosis to Gallathea is re-
flected in its composition, which is of two separate threads, properly
connected. Erisichthon's outrage on Ceres, the penalty and his de-
liverance from it through the agency of Protea, form the main plot ;
while the under-plot is furnished by the disdain of Ceres' nymphs for
the foresters, their punishment and final restoration on condition of
submission to love. The connexion between the two consists (i) in
the fact that the husbandman's outrage is prompted by the honours
paid to Ceres by her nymphs, and involves the death of another
nymph, which outrage and death they report to the goddess; (2) in
Cupid's central position between the two threads, which makes him
the protector of Protea in the one, and the avenger of the foresters
in the other, so that in order to procure from him the release of her
nymphs Ceres has to remit her punishment of famine inflicted on
Erisichthon. The foresters touch Erisichthon only through the
nymphs, though Lyly as usual supplies the external connexion of
mere words (vol. iii. pp. 314, 32o, 327, 332). Both plots justify
the title ; the revengeful transformation which Love inflicts upon the
nymphs being balanced by those voluntarily undergone by Protea
on behalf of her father and her loyer Petulius. The merciful close
is, like that of Iidas (cf. Cynthia's indulgence to Tellus), a departure
from Ovid's account, proper to a cotait issue. The absence of a
farcical element in this play has already been noted.
The reader, who examines Lyly's plays in the light of the foregoing
suggestions, will, I hope, realize how important was the advance he
effected in the science of dramatic architecture. If he fails in his earlier
plays, and in some minor respects in his later, it is because the stock
of available example is so poor in quality, because he is the ex-peri-
menter whose efforts are to establish rules of dramatic practice for
the guidance of his successors. That Shakespeare was his disciple
in this respect is beyond a doubt. To the fundamental brain-work
which Lyly put into his plays, the greater poet and the Shakespearean
stage in general are almost as much indebted as they are to his intro-
duction of a lively, witty, and coherent dialogue.
4- HIs CHARACTERIZATION.
It must be admitted that he cannot daim the same praise on the
ground of character-drawing, though his real merits in this depart-
ment have been somewhat obscured by the even uniformity of his
style.. That he paid attention to character is obvious from the efforts,

)tleta-
raorhois.

flic rtnotr-
iug of class-
isti«s.

280 LYLY AS A PLAVWRIGHT
detailed below, to distinguish members of a group i. I note here,
generally, his employment of a method, not the most artistie but
a good deal used by Shakespeare in lais earlier work--the plan,
I mean, of putting a description of a character into the mouth of
some other character. To this method belong the remarks of the
servants upon their masters, e.g. on Plato, Diogenes, and Apelles
(p. 32i), of Calypho on Venus and Vulcan (pp. 386, 394), of Epiton
on Sir Tophas, of Peter and Rafle on the Alchemist, and we may add
Melippus on Diogenes (p. 3z3), the shepherds on Midas (iv. 2), and
Prisius on his daughter Livia (vol. iii. pp. i78-9). The method is
legitimate enough when used, as Lyly generally uses it, with a comic
as well as a characteristic purpose, or, as with the description of
Petruchio's wedding, to convey bfiefly v¢hat it is hot convenient to
represent. It is useful, too, to exhibit the light in which a character
is regarded by those around him, especially when this differs in some
respects from that in which the author intends us to conceive him, as
in some ofthe remarks made about each other by the characters in 2"he
A[erchantof Venice : and it is particularly skilful when such description
is intended chiefly to illustrate the character of the describer, as when
Caliban talks of Prospero, or Falstaff complains of Prince John that
'a man cal-mot make him laugh' (2 t[enry IV, iv. 3" 95)- It is in-
artistic when used merely to summarize the traits which a character
actually exhibits, as by Shakespeare several times in Zove's Zabour's
Zost, e.g. the King on Armado (i. x), the Princess's ladies on the
Kg's three lords (ii. x), and Biron on Boyet (v. 2. 315 sqq.)*. Lyly,
by v¢hose v¢ork the habit was probably suggested, never carried it to
this length, perhaps because his characterization never attempts the
fullness of detail in which Shakespeare delighted.
Speaking generally, he is more successful in his grasp of the
general features of classes than in his realization of individuals.
Vïnere he introduces a single representative of some recognized trade
or occupation the class-characteristics are well rendered. These
popular portraits are hOt full-length figures, but the vignettes are
faithful and vigorous, in surprising contrast to the labelled puppets
v¢hich formed Lyly's only examples in preceding work. Petted Lais
My later study shows me that in my uarlerIy article, Jan. 896 , I too
summarily dismissed Lyly's claires as a limner of character, just as I ail but
ignored his more decisive ones as a constructor of plot.
* Ben Jonson is only a degree less faulty when he prefixes to very 3lan Out of
Iis I-Iumour an elaborate sketch of each character reprësnted, as if he could hot
trust them to speak for themselves.

VARIOUS TYPES: HIS SERVANTS 28t
is luxurious and insolent ; Calypho the smith will carry by round
assertion the point he cannot gain by logic ; the Mariner is bluff,
frank, and careless ; the Watchmen, especially their Constable, are
obstinate and foolish ; barber Motto may be a shrewd, clever fellow,
but he cannot hold his tongue ; the Huntsman, self-important and
tetchy, is as inflexible a pedant in his craft as the philosophers in
theirs ; the horsedealer lets out broken-kneed jades and is ready
with his claires of compensation for injury, but proves the easy
victim of a little conviviality ; and the fortune-teller, a very favour-
able portrait for the date, enunciates her doggrell oracles without loss
of dignity or a suspicion of their inanity, laerhaps the best of these
figures are the alchemist and astrologer in Gallatea, who are not the
mere impostors of Chaucer or Walter Scott, but genuine enthusiasts,
nursing their dreams amid rags and poverty, through constant failure
and mishap, constrained at rimes to keep an incredulous world at
bay with lying excuses, yet simple enough to rail an unsuspecting
prey to the theft and trickery of their own servants.
And looking at other broad divisions we find a sufficient distinc-
tion maintained between the members of one class and those of
another. An exception should be ruade in regard to the nymphs
and foresters of Loves [etamorhosis, ho talk in a itty and courtly
rather than a pastoral vein. But the shepherds of Galla¢hea are
shrewd realistic rustics, the note of ideality being reserved for the
two girls ; while in those of ridas and rhe IVaman the simplicity
and emotionalism proper to pastoral is quite adequately preserved.
Lyly's deities, again, are well done; moving among mortals with
a sufficient irresponsibility, and exhibiting the passions, imposed on
them by dramatic necessity and by the myth 'hence they are taken,
mainly between each other. Venus, indeed, is brought into com-
petition with a mortal ; but Sapho's attitude of humility changes to
defiance only when she has seduced a deity to her side: in other
cases gods contend with gods, or wreak on men a wrath from which
only a god can rescue them. And individually Venus, Vulcan,
Neptune, Cupid, Diana, Ceres, Pan and Apollo, may ail claire to be
well portrayed, with an imagination and appropriateness utterly
wanting to preceding sporadic attempts in this direction (see
above, pp. 2 5 3-4).
Lyly's servants form a class of recognized merit, which appears in
every play except the last. He gives us the perfect picture of the Curt-
page, precocious compound of mischiefand swagger, always hatching

llis render-
i,,g of class-
character-
istics.

280 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
detailed below, to distinguish members of a group !. I note here,
generally, his employment of a method, hOt the most artistic but
a good deal used by Shakespeare in his earlier work--the plan,
I mean, of putting a description of a character into the mouth of
some other character. To this method belong the remarks of the
servants upor their masters, e.g. or Plato, Diogenes, and Apelles
(p. 32x), of Calypho on Venus and Vulcan (pp. 386, 394), of Epiton
on Sir Tophas, of Peter and Rafle on the Alchemist, and we may add
Melippus on Diogenes (p. 323), the shepherds on Midas (iv. 2), and
Prisius on his daughter Livia (vol. iii. pp. x78-9). The method is
legitimate enough when used, as Lyly generally uses it, with a comic
as well as a characteristic purpose, or, as with the description of
Petruchio's wedding, to corvey briefly what it is rot corverfiert to
represent. It is useful, too, to exhibit the light in which a character
is regarded by those around him, especially when this differs in some
respects from that in which the author intends us to conceive him, as
in some ofthe remarks marie about each other by the characters in The
_[erchantof Venice : and it is particularly skilful when such description
is intended chiefly to illustrate the character of the describer, as when
Clibar taIks of Prospero, or Falstaff complains of Prince John that
'a man cannot make him laugh' (2 Heno' IV, iv. $. 95)- It is in-
artistic when used merely to summarize the traits which a character
actually exhibits, as by Shakespeare several times in Zove's Zabour's
Zost, e.g. the King on Armado (i. ), .the Princess's ladies on the
King's three lords (ii. I), and Biron on Boyet (v. 2. $, 5 sqq.) 2. Lyly,
by whose work the habit was probably suggested, never carried it to
this length,, perhaps because his characterization never attempts the
fullness of detail in which Shakespeare delighted.
Speaking generally, he is more successful in his grasp of the
general features of classes than in his realization of individuals.
Vhere he introduces a single representative of some recognized trade
or occupation the class-characteristics are well rendered. These
popular portraits are hot full-length figures, but the vignettes are
faithful and vigorous, in surprising contrast to the labelled puppets
which formed Lyly's only examples in preceding work. Petted Lais
* My later study shows me that in my Quarterly article, Jan. x896 , I too
ummarily di»missed Lyly's claires as a limner of charaeter, just as I all but
ignored his more decisive ones as a constructor of plot.
Ben Jonson is only a degree less faulty when he prefixes to «ry .lan Out of
ttis ttumaur an elaborate sketch of each character reprësented, as il he ¢ould hot
trust them to speak or themselves.

'VARIOUS TYPES: HIS SERVANTS 28t
is luxurious and insolent; Calypho the smith will carry by round
assertion the point he cannot gain by logic; the Mariner is bluff,
frank, and careless; the Watchmen, especially their Constable, are
obstinate and foolish ; barber Motto may be a shrewd, clever fellow,
but he cannot hold his tongue; the Huntsman, self-important and
tetchy, is as inflexible a pedant in his craft as the philosophers in
theirs ; the horsedealer lets out broken-kneed jades and is ready
with his claires of compensation for injury, but proves the easy
victim of a little conviviality; and the fortune-relier, a very favour-
able portrait for the date, enunciates her doggrell oracles without loss
of dignity or a suspicion of their inanity. Perhaps the best of these
figures are tbe alchemist and astrologer in Gallathea, who are hot the
mere impostors of Chaucer or Walter Scott, but genuine enthusiasts,
nursing their dreams amid rags and poverty, through constant failure
and mishap, constrained at rimes to keep an incredulous world at
bay with lying excuses, yet simple enough to fMI an unsuspecting
prey to the theft and trickery of their own servants.
And looking at other broad divisions we final a sufficient distinc-
tion maintained between the members of one class and those of
another. An exception should be marie in regard to the nymphs
and foresters of Zoves [eCamorhosis, who talk in a witty and courtly
rather than a pastoral rein. But the shepherds of Gallathea are
shrewd realistic rustics, the note of ideality being reserved for the
two girls; while in those of 2hridas and The llZoman the simplicity
and emotionalism proper to pastoral is quite adequately preserved.
Lyly's deities, again, are well done; moving among mortals with
a sufficient irresponsibility, and exhibiting the passions, imposed on
them by dramatic necessity and by the myth whence they are taken,
mainly between each other. Venus, indeed, is brought into com-
petition with a mortal; but Sapho's attitude of humility changes to
defiance only when she has seduced a deity to her side: in other
cases gods contend with gods, or wreak on men a wrath from which
only a god can rescue them. And individually Venus, Vulcan,
Neptune, Cupid, Diana, Ceres, Pan and Apollo, may ail claim to be
well portrayed, with an imagination and appropriateness utterly
wanting to preceding sporadic attempts in this direction (see
above, pp. 53-4).
Lyly's servants form a class of recognized merit, which appears in
every play except the last. He gives us the perfect picture of the Court-
page, precocious compound of mischiefand swagger, always hatching

dei¢(es,

llis siugle
figures.

dis-
m«mbers of
grouts.

284 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
incurred by chastity. Lyly does not rail, however, to distinguish
his ladies from his servant-girls; and there is a further recognizable
distinction betweer Rixula, the buttery-maid of Prisius' household,
and the 'pretie mops' Pipenetta, who dresses Celia's hair.
If we turn to his representation of single figures we find not many
of them to possess distinctness. Apelles and Diogenes, Venus (in
Sapho), Tellus, and Sir Tophas, Midas, Candius and the old men,
and Gunophilus, are the most alive; and of these perhaps only
Apelles, Venus, Tellus, and Midas c_an be said to exhibit develop-
ment by the action. Diogenes' churlishness, independence and tart
replies have caused him to be singled out ; but not much of his part
is original, nor is he allotted any action. Apelles is better in his
various relations with the king, with his apprentice, and with his
beautiful sitter, and in his gradual exchange of urbanity for a pained
and powerful interest, as to which it should be noted that the tone of
his charming song is much too light and airy for the point of passion
he has reached at the end of the third Act. Venus, in Sapho,
gracious, wanton, teasing, amorous, is much better than Venus
feeling the pain of passion or the sting ofjealousy ; she is best, that
is, in the first scene with Phao and in the scene at Vulcan's forge.
Tellus is, perhaps, the strongest part in Lyly's work--his sole
attempt, indeed, to exhibit stormy passion; and the conversion of
her love to jealous hate, the woman's sleights she practises on
Endimion and Corsites, professing that a woman needs such weapons
for her self-defence, her passionate sense of the rights of her love
even against Cynthia's overshadowing claims, and her defence of
her action on this all-compelling ground, are all well conceived.
Sir Tophas as a burlesque figure is also of importance, and constitutes
with Tellus Lyly's main addition to out dramatic types. Candius is
good as the youthful loyer, ready of tongue, open of hand, quick of
wit to seize his chance, and carrying things always with an easy
bonhomie: but the old men are even better, were they only more
individualized.
Yet in this matter of distinction between the various members of
a group Lyly is not so faulty as he at first appears. There are
distinctions between these old men : Stellio is rich, free of hand and
unsuspicious; Memphio poor and hen-pecked ; Prisius has an eye
to his business; Sperantus aspires to be mayor. Examination
reveals minute differences among Sapho's and Sophronia's ladies,
of tempérament or accomplishment: Midas' three councillors are

HE ESSA¥S DISTINCTIONS 285
broadly enough distinguished by their advocacy of weaith, love, or
conquest, while to Martius is added a weil-marked scepticism (vol. iii.
pp. 28, 52, 58-9). The likeness between Gallathea and Phiilida is
not absolute. Telusa falls in love with the latter ' by the eyes,' Eurota
with the former 'by the eares' {p. 448), and the distinction is borne
out by the slightly more vigorous character assigned to Gallathea,
who is selected to speak the Epilogue, and who at first finds
a dishonour in her father's plan for evading the sacrifice, wbile
Phillida is deterred mainly by shyness of assuming male dress. The
three nymphs of Zz, es lrelamor]wsis are consistently distinguished ;
Nisa as obdurate, Celia as proud of her beauty, and Niobe as fickle,
characteristics to which their punisbments are severally calculated,
vol. iii. pp. 3o2, 39-2o : the foresters are less carefully differentiated,
but stilldistinction is attempted (pp. 34, 37,327) Other instances
are hinted at above ; but on the v¢hole Lyly's characterization halts
behind his other merits. The society in which he moved was courtly ;
and the tendency of ail society conventionally supposed 'the best'
is the suppression of individuality 1. A geneml propriety of outline
without distinctive marks inevitably produces, in successive works,
the sense of repetition. An exception should be ruade in the case of
Cupid, who appears as a wanton, mischievous boy in Sa2]w; as
a truant still in Gallalea, yet as a god with power and will to
avenge a want of respect ; and in Zm,es Aeta»wrlosis as an awe-
inspiring deity, whose shrine must be approached with humble
offerings, and who visits with dire penalties the injuries inflicted on
himself and his loyal worshippers. The relation, too, between
Ceres and ber nymphs is varied on that between Diana and hers.
But ordinarily, where folk appear in the mme position--courtiers,
court-ladies, nymphs, or servants--the figures seem the same as
those we met before; and in the relation between Protea and
Erisichthon we have a close repetition of that between Sophronia
and Midas. Shakespeare, who imitates Lyly's grouping and, like
him, repeats a relation or situation in successive plays, learns to avoid
monotony better by variety of portraiture and interaction of the
different members. The fortunes and characters of the Two
Gentlemen are distinct: of their two servants one represents voit,

« Ebenso wie ara Hofe ein wenigstens nsserlicher Mangel an Charakter
herrscht, so findet sich anch unter diesen Gestalten der Lyly'schen Dramen nicht
d|e Mannigfaltigkeit der Charaktere, welche sich bei ihrer grossen Zahl (,liber I4o )
erwarten liesse.' Steinhiuser, Pe. 44-

286 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT

the other humour : while their two mistresses differ in position and
character, and are at first unacquainted. Adding Gratiano to
Bassanio, and Nerissa to Portia, he takes care that the relation be not
precisely the saine ; moreover he makes Gratiano aid in Jessica's
elopement, and gives him distinction in his open mockery of ail that
savours of Puritanism.

5- His DIALOGUE AND USE OF PROSE : HIS DICTIOI AI'Cl) POETRY.
It is doubtful how far care for style can be said to engender a care
for matter, or whether they should not rather be regarded as separate
manifestations of the critical instinct, which may indeed occasionally
be combined in the same writer, but are really independent of one
another. In an age like out own, when authors read at least as
much critical as original work, and are moreover themselves largely
engaged in criticism, the preoccupation with style is certain to tell,
and bas told, agair, st vigour and soundness in matter. The pre-
liminary test to be satisfied by any writer, not a novelist, ere he
receives his passport to the public, is rather that he shall be in-
geniously pretty and mannered, than that what he says shall be strong
and true, wise and beautiful: the latter qualifies, together with his
architecture and all that does hOt lie quite on the surface, being
cheerfully ignored or postponed for later consideration. But in an
earlier age when criticism is in its infancy, in such an age as
Lyly's, the same selective instinct which leads a writer to pick and
fastidiously arrange his words, rejecting the rame and slipshod in
expression, will also influence his choice of matters to talk about
and sentiments to express. In Lyly's case care for the vehicle went
hand in hand with attention to its freight. The praise most generally
allotted him as a dramatist has been that he adopted prose as his
regular vehicle for comedy; and it cannot be denied that the vast
improvement he effected in dramatic dialogue would have been
impossible without this step, one more important even than the
nearly concurrent adoption of blank verse. In the years before Lyly
not verse merely, but rhymed verse, had been the all but universal
dramatic vehicle. It is obvious that, with the great majority of
writers, to impose the fetters of rhyme was to ensure the presence,
not of poetry or beauty of any kind, but of stiffness and crudity, of
slipshod inversions, of a want of ease, grace, and nature. A partial
recognition of this is seen in the fact that for some years before
58o prose had been slowly edging its way into the plays of the rime,

HIS MERIT IN ADOPTING PROSE 287
especially in farcical scenes. Itis used exclusively in Gascoigne's
translation The Supposes of 1566, and in the rude Famous Viclories of
lenry theflfth, which probably preceded Lyly's work ; while Gosson
allots high praise to 'twoo prose Bookes plaied at the Belsauage'
before 1579. But no surviving play of the time affords an example
of its successful use. The absence of ail authority in dramatic
matters, and the haphazard method of composition pursued, are
admirably illustrated by the presence even in l'romos and Cassandra
('578) of so many contending formsl. Lyly's keen sense of form
told him that such disordered jumble and interchange of metre was
inadmissible; and at the same time his previous achievements in
Euphues showed him how much was being lost in the bondage to
verse. He resolved to throw ttle whole of his matter into prose,
prose which he made now serious and dignified, now bright and witty,
but such as always gave the sense of selective skill and controlling
power. He asserted his freedom from mechanical slavery, but only
that he might better obey the higher laws of dramatic and literary
effect. He was hot the first dramatist to use prose ; but he was the
first to demonstrate, by persistent and successful use of it, its daim
to be the received vehicle for English comedy. And the secret
of his successful use of it lies in his care for the liveliness and
naturalness, the pith and vigour, the wit and humour, of the things
said ; in his recognition of the truth, the imperfect recognition of
which weakens so much of the later Elizabethan drama and retains
most of his predecessors' work at a level of hopeless crudity--the
truth that, just as the action of the stage must be a concentrated
essence of real life, so its speech must likewise be intensified, must
be infused with more point and emphasis, more ïvisdom and earnest-
ness, must in a word be more premeditated than common talk can
ever be, if it is to enchain attention and distract us from the real
life around us to the fictitious life of the stage. Before Shakespeare's
advent the dawning perception of this had sufficienfly embodied
itself in out drama, in the 'high astounding terms' of Marlowe's
tragedy on the one hand, in the conceited antithetic dialogue of
Lyly's comedy on the other. On both of these did Shakespeare
fasten ; in both did he find useful training during his earlier work.
But while the influence of Marlowe soon passed away, the prose of
Lyly coloured his own for a much longer period. To the shrewd,
sensible, or witty talk of Lyly's characters we must look as the chief
i See above, pp. 42, 38.

86 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT

the other humour : while their two mistresses differ in position and
character, and are at first unacquainted. Adding Gratiano to
Bassanio, and Nerissa to Portia, he takes care that the relation be not
precisely the same; moreover he makes Gratiano aid in Jessica's
elopement, and gives him distinction in his open mockery of all that
savours of Puritanism.

5. HIS DIALOGUE AND USE OF PROSE : HIS DICTION AND POETRY.
It is doubtful how far care for style can be said to engender a care
for matter, or whether they should not rather be regarded as separate
manifestations of the critical instinct, which may indeed occasionally
be combined in the saine writer, but are really independent of one
another. In an age like our own, when authors read at least as
much criticai as original work, and are moreover themselves largely
engaged in critlcism, the preoccupation with style is certain to tell,
and b.as told, against vigour and soundness in matter. The pre-
liminary test to be satisfied by any writer, nota novelist, ere he
receives his passport to the public, is rather that he shall be in-
geniously pretty and mannered, than that what he says shall be strong
and true, wise and beautiful: the latter qualities, together with his
architecture and all that does not lie quite on the surface, being
cheerfully ignored or postponed for later consideration. But in an
earlier age when criticism is in its infancy, in such an age as
Lyly's, the same selective instinct which leads a writer to pick and
fastidiously arrange his words, rejecting the tame and slipshod in
expression, will also influence his choice of matters to talk about
and sentiments to express. In Lyly's case care for the vehicle went
hand in hand with attention to its freight. The praise most generally
allotted him as a dramatist has been that he adopted prose as his
regular vehicle for comedy ; and it cannot be denied that the vast
improvement he effected in dramatic dialogue would bave been
impossible without this step, one more important even than the
nearly concurrent adoption of blank verse. In the years before Lyly
not verse merely, but rhymed verse, had been the ail but universal
dramatic vehicle. It is obvious that, with the great majority of
writers, to impose the fetters of rhyme was to ensure the presence,
not of poetry or beauty of any kind, but of stiffness and crudity, of
slipshod inversions, of a want of ease, grace, and nature. A partial
recognition of this is seen in the fact that for some years before
,58o prose had been slowly edging its way into the plays of the time,

HIS MERIT IN ADOPTING PROSE 87
especially in farcical scenes. Itis used exelusively in Gascoigne's
translation Z'he Sulposes of 1566, and in the rude Famous Victories af
I-fenry theflfth, which probably preceded Lyly's work ; while Gosson
allots high praise to 'twoo prose Bookes plaied at the Belsauage'
before 1579. But no surviving play of the time affords an example
of its successful use. The absence of ail authority in dramatic
matters, and the haphazard method of composition pursued, are
admirably illustrated by the presence even in Pro»tas and Cassandra
(1578) of so many contending forms I. Lyly's keen sense of form
told him that such disordered jumble and interchange of mette was
inadmissible; and at the saine rime his previous achievements in
Euhues showed him how much was being lost in the bondage to
verse. He resolved to throxv the xvhole of his matter into prose,
prose which he ruade now serious and dignified, now bright and witty,
but such as always gave the sense of selective skill and controlling
power. He asserted his freedom from mechanical slavery, but only
that he might better obey the higher laws of dramatic and literary
effect. He was hot the first dramatist to use prose ; but he was the
first to demonstrate, by persistent and successful use of it, its claire
to be the received vehicle for English comedy. And the secret
of his successful use of it lies in his care for the liveliness and
naturalness, the pith and vigour, the wit and humour, of the things
said; in his recognition of the truth, the imperfect recognition of
which weakens so much of the later Elizabethan drama and retains
most of his predecessors' work at a level of hopeless crudity--the
truth that, just as the action of the stage must be a concentrated
essence of real lire, so its speech must likewise be intensified, must
be infused with more point and emphasis, more wisdom and earnest-
ness, must in a xvord be more premeditated than common talk can
ever be, if it is to enchain attention and distract us from the real
life around us to the fictitious life of the stage. Before Shakespeare's
advent the daning perception of this had sufficiently embodied
itself in our drama, in the 'high astounding terres' of Marlowe's
tragedy on the one hand, in the conceited antithetic dialogue of
Lyly's comedy on the other. On both of these did Shakespeare
fasten; in both did he find useful training during his earlier work.
But while the influence of Marlowe soon passed away, the prose of
Lyly coloured his own for a much longer period. To the shrewd,
sensible, or witty talk of Lyly's characters we must look as the chief
i See above, pp. 24, 238.

286 LYLY" AS .4 PLAYWRIGHT
the other humour : while their two mistresses differ in position and
character, and are at first unacquainted. Adding Gratiano to
Bassanio, and Nerissa to Portia, he takes care that the relation be not
precisely the saine; moreover he makes Gratiano aid in Jessica's
elopement, and gives him distinction in his open mockery of all that
savours of Puritanism.

.5- HIS DIALOGUE AND USE OF PROSE : HIS DICTION AND POETR¥.
It is doubtful how far carc for style can bc said to engcndcr a care
for matter, or whcthcr thcy should not rathcr bc rcgardcd as separatc
manifestations of thc critical instinct, which may indccd occasionally
bc combincd in the samc writer, but arc rcally indcpcndcnt of onc
anothcr. In an agc like out own, whcn authors read at least as
mucb critical as original work, and arc morcovcr themsclves largcly
cngaged in criticism, thc preoccupation with style is certain to tell,
and has told, against vigour and soundness in mattcr. Thc prc-
liminary test to bc satisficd by any writer, nota novelist, crc hc
rcceivcs his passport to thc public, is rathcr that hc shall bc in-
genious|y prctty and mannercd, than that what hc says shall bc strong
and truc, wisc and bcautiful: thc latter qualitics, togcther with his
architecture and all that does not lic quitc on thc surface, bcing
chccrfully ignored or postponed for later considcration. But in an
earlier agc when criticism is in its infancy, in such an agc as
Lyly's, thc SalUe sclectivc instinct which leads a writcr to pick and
fastidiously arrangc his words, rcjccting thc tamc and slipshod in
expression, will also influence his choicc of mattcrs to talk about
and sentiments to express. In Lyly's case carc for thc vehicle wcnt
hand in hand with attention to ifs frcight. Thc praisc most gencrally
allottcd him as a dramatist has bcen that hc adopted prose as his
rcgular vchiclc for comcdy ; and if cannot bc dcnicd that thc vast
improvement hc effectcd in dramatic dialogue would havc bcen
impossible without this stcp, onc more important cven than thc
ncarly concurrent adoption of blank vcrsc. In thc ycars bcforc Lyly
not verse mcrcly, but rhymed verse, had bccn the all but univcrsal
dramatic vchiclc. It is obvious that, with thc grcat majority of
writcrs, to impose thc fctters of rhymc was to cnsurc thc prcscncc,
not of poetry or beauty of any kind, but of stiffness and crudity, of
slipshod inversions, of a want of case, grace, and nature. A partial
rccognition of this is sccn in thc fact that for somc years bcforc
I58O prosc had bccn slowly cdging its way into thc plays of thc tin,e,

ttIS MERIT IN ADOPTING PROSE 287
especially in farcical scenes. It is used exclusively in Gascoigne's
translation ZTze Su#oses of x 566, and in the rude Famous Victories of
tfenry ttoeflfth, which probably preceded Lyly's work ; while Gosson
allots high praise to ' twoo prose Bookes plaied at the Belsauage'
before x579. But no surviving play of the time affords an example
of its successful use. The absence of ail authority in dramatic
matters, and the haphazard method of composition pursued, are
admirably illustrated by the presence even in -Promos and Cassandra
(I578) of so many contending forms 1. Lyly's keen sense of form
told him that such disordered jumble and interchange of mette was
inadmissible ; and at the same time his previous achievements in
uphues showed him how much was being lost in the bondage to
verse. He resolved to throw the whole of his matter into prose,
prose which he ruade now serious and dignified, now bright and witty,
but such as always gave the sense of selective skill and controlling
power. He asserted his freedom from mechanical slavery, but only
that he might better obey the higher laws of dramatic and literary
effect. He was hot the first dramatist to use prose ; but he was the
first to demonstrate, by persistent and successful use of it, its daim
to be the received vehicle for English comedy. And the secret
of his successful use of it lies in his care for the liveliness and
naturalness, the pith and vigour, the wit and humour, of the things
said ; in his recognition of the truth, the imperfect recognition of
which weakens so much of the later Elizabethan drama and retains
most of his predecessors' work at a level of hopeless crudity--the
truth that, just as the action of the stage must be a concentrated
essence of real life, so its speech must likewise be intensified, must
be infused with more point and emphasis, more wisdom and earnest-
ness, must in a word be more premeditated than common talk can
ever be, if it is to enchain attention and distract us from the rem
life around us to the fictitious lire of the stage. Before Shakespeare's
advent the dawning perception of this had suflïciently embodied
itself in out drama, in the 'high astounding terms' of Marlowe's
tragedy on the one hand, in the conceited antithetic dialogue of
Lyly's comedy on the other. Ot both of these did Shakespeare
fasten; in both did he find useful training during his earlier work.
But while the influence of Marlowe soon passed away, the prose of
Lyly coloured his own for a much longer period. To the shrewd,
sensible, or witty talk of Lyly's characters we must look as the chier
See ,bove, pp. 24, 38.

286 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the other humour : while their two mistresses differ in position and
character, and are at first unacquainted. Adding Gratiano to
Bassanio, and Nerissa to Portia, he takes care that the relation be not
precisely the saine ; moreover he makes Gratiano aid in Jessica's
elopement, and gives him distinction in his open mockery of all that
savouts of Puritanism.

5- His DIALOGUE AND USE OF PROSE : HIS DICTION AND POETRY.
It is doubtful how far care for style can be said to engender a care
for matter, or whether they should not rather be regardcd as separate
manifestations of thc critical instinct, which may indeed occasionally
be combincd in thc saine writcr, but are really independent of one
another. In an age like our own, when authors rcad at least as
much critical as original work, and are moreover themselves largely
engaged in criticism, the preoccupation with style is certain fo tell,
and has told, against vigour and soundness in marrer. The pre-
liminary test to be satisfied by any writcr, not a novelist, ere he
reccives his passport to the public, is rathcr that he shall be fn-
geniously pretty and mannered, than that what he says shall be strong
and true, wise and beautiful: the latter qualities, togcthcr with his
architecture and all that docs hot fie quitc on the surface, bcing
chcerfully ignored or postponcd for later consideration. But in an
carlicr age whcn criticism is in its infancy, in such an age as
Lyly's, the saine sc|cctive instinct which Icads a writer fo pick and
fastidiously arrange his words, rcjccting the rame and slipshod in
expression, will also influence his choice of matters to talk about
and sentiments fo express. In Lyly's case care for tbe vchiclc wcnt
hand in hand with attention to its freight. The praise most gcnerally
allotted him as a dramatist bas becn that he adoptcd prose as his
rcgular vehicle for comedy ; and if cannot be denied that the vast
improvement he effcctcd in dramatic dialogue would have been
impossible without this stcp, one more important even than the
nearly concurrent adoption of blank verse. In the years before Lyly
hot verse merely, but rhymed verse, had been the all but universal
dramatic vehicle. It is obvious that, with the great majority of
writers, to impose the fetters of rhyme was to ensure the presence,
not of poetry or beauty of any kind, but of stiffness and crudity, of
slipshod inversions, of a want of ease, grace, and nature. A partial
recognition of this is seen in the fact that for some years before
I580 prose had been slowly edging its way into the plays of the time,

HIS MERIT IN ADOPTING PROSE 287
especially in farcical scenes. Itis used exclusively in Gascoigne's
translation 2"he Su.#.#oses of 1566, and in the rude 1;amous Victories of
1]enry theflfth, which probably preceded Lyly's work ;" while Gosson
allots high praise to « twoo prose Bookes plaied at the Belsauage'
before 1579. But no surviving play of the rime affords an example
of its successful use. The absence of all authority in dramatic
matters, and the haphazard method of composition pursued, are
admirably illustrated by the presence even in ]'romos and Cassandra
(I578) of so many contending forms i. Lyly's keen sense of form
told him that such disordered jumble and interchange of metre was
inadmissible ; and at the same time his previous achievements in
uhues showed him how much was being lost in the bondage to
verse. He resolved to throw the whole of his matter into prose,
prose v¢hich he ruade now serious and dignified, nov bright and witty,
but such as always gave the sense of selective skill and controlling
power. He asserted his freedom from mechanical slavery, but only
that he might better obey the higher laws of dramatic and literary
effect. He was not the first dramatist to use prose ; but he was the
first to demonstrate, by persistent and successful use of it, its claim
to be the received vehicle for English comedy. And the secret
of his successful use of it lies in his care for the liveliness and
naturalness, the pith and vigour, the wit and humour, of the things
said ; in his recognition of the truth, the imperfect recognition of
which weakens so much of the later Elizabethan drama and retains
most of his predecessors' work at a level of hopeless crudity--the
truth that, just as the action of the stage must be a concentrated
essence of real lire, so its speech must likewise be intensified, must
be infused with more point and emphasis, more wisdom and earnest-
ness, must in a word be more premeditated than common talk can
ever be, if it is to enchain attention and distract us from the real
lire around us to the fictitious lire of the stage. Before Shakespeare's
advent the dawning perception of this had sufficiently embodied
itself in out drama, in the 'high astounding terres' of Marlowe's
tragedy on the one hand, in the conceited antithetic dialogue of
Lyly's comedy on the other. On both of these did Shakespeare
fasten ; in both did he find useful training during his earlier work.
But while the influence of Marlowe soon passed away, the prose of
Lyly coloured his own for a much longer period. To the shrewd,
sensible, or witty talk of Lyly's characters we must look as the chief
i See above, pp. z4z, z38.

286 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the other humour: while their two mistresses differ in position and
character, and are at first unacquainted. Adding Gratiano to
Bassanio, and Nerissa to Portia, he takes care that the relation be not
precisely the same ; moreover he makes Gratiano aid in Jessica's
elopement, and gives him distinction in his open mockery of ail that
savouts of Puritanism.

5" HIS DIALOGUE AND USE OF PROSE : HIS DICTION AND POETRV.
It is doubtful how far carc for style can bc said to cngcndcr a c.arc
for matter, or whether they should not rather be regarded as separate
manifestations of the critical instinct, which may indeed occasionally
be combined in the same writer, but are really independent of one
another. In an age like our own, when authors read at least as
much critical as original work, and are moreover themselves largely
engaged in criticism, the preoccupation with style is certain to tell,
and bas told, against vigour and soundness in matter. The pre-
liminary test to be satisfied by any writer, not a novelist, ere he
receives his passport to the public, is rather that he shall be in-
geniously pretty and mannered, than that what he says shall be strong
and true, wise and beautiful: the latter qualities, together with his
architecture and ail that does not lie quite on the surface, being
cheerfully ignored or postponed for later consideration. But in an
earlier age when criticism is in its infancy, in such an age as
Lyly's, the same selective instinct which leads a writer to pick and
fastidiously arrange his words, rejecting the tame and slipshod in
expression, will also influence his choice of matters to talk about
and sentiments to express. In Lyly's case care for the vehicle went
hand in hand with attention to its freight. The praise most generally
allotted him as a dramatist has been that he adopted prose as his
regular vehicle for comedy; and it cannot be denied that the vast
improvement he effected in dramatic dialogue would have been
impossible without this step, one more important even than the
nearly concurrent adoption of b]ank verse. In the years before Lyly
not verse merely, but rhymed verse, had been the ail but universal
dramatic vehicle. It is obvious that, with the great majority of
writers, to impose the fetters of rhyme was to ensure the presence,
hot of poetry or beauty of any kind, but of stiffness and crudity, of
slipshod inversions, of a want of ease, grace, and nature. A partial
recognition of this is seen in the fact that for some years before
58o prose had been slowly edging its way into the plays of the time,

}-ILS bIERIT IN ADOPTING PROSE 87
especially in farcical scenes. It is used exclusively in Gascoigne's
translation Te Suoses of x 566, and in the rude tzamous IZictories of
I-Ienry t]zefl]t]z, which probably preceded Lyly's work ; while Gosson
allots high praise to 'twoo prose Bookes plaied at the Belsauage'
before xS7 9. But no surviving play of the time affords an example
of its successful use. The absence of ail authority in dramatic
matters, and the haphazard method of composition pursued, are
admirably illustrated by the presence even in 2romos and Çassandra
(I578) of so many contending forms. Lyly's keen sense of form
told him that such disordered jumble and interchange of metre was
inadmissible; and at the same rime his previous achievements in
Eui]zues showed him how much was being lost in the bondage to
verse. He resolved to throw the whole of his marrer into prose,
prose vhich he ruade now serious and dignified, now bright and witty,
but such as always gare the sense of selective skill and controlling
power. He asserted his freedom from mechanical slaver),, but only
that he might better obey the higher laws of dramatic and literary
effect. He was hot the first dramatist to use prose ; but he was the
first to demonstrate, by persistent and successful use of it, its claim
to be the received vehicle for English comedy. _And the secret
of his successful use of it lies in his care for the liveliness and
naturalness, the pith and vigour, the wit and humour, of the things
said ; in his recognition of the truth, the impeffect recognition of
which weakens so much of the later Elizabethan drama and retains
most of his predecessors' work at a level of hopeless crudity--the
truth that, just as the action of the stage must be a concentrated
essence of real lire, so its speech must likewise be intensified, must
be infused with more point and emphasis, more wisdom and earnest-
ness, must in a word be more premeditated than common talk can
ever be, if it is to enchain attention and distract us from the real
lire around us to the fictitious lire of the stage. Belote Shakespeare's
advent the dawning perception of this had sufficiently embodied
itself in out drama, in the 'high astounding terres' of Marlowe's
tragedy on the one hand, in the conceited antithetic dialogue of
Lyl},'s comedy on the other. On both of these did Shakespeare
fasten ; in both did he find useful training during his earlier work.
But while the influence of Marlowe soon passed away, the prose of
L},ly coloured his own for a much longer period. To the shrewd,
sensible, or witty talk of Lyly's characters we must look as the chier
See above, pl- 242, 238.

288 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
exemplar for the lifelike and admirable dialogue of Shakespeare's
ripest work ; for the talk of Hamlet with Rosencrantz and Guilden-
stern, or of Kent with Gloucester, no less than for the witty skirmish-
ing of Rosalind with Orland), or Benedick with Beatrice.
It will readily be perceived that Euphuism, the characteristics of
which have been amply discussed in the preceding volume, included
much that might be turned to account in dramatic dialogue. Its
antithetic habit, its punning and point, gave exactly that heightened
intensity that was desirable. Those who have watched in our own
day the rapid extension of the cracker-and-popgun style of talk in
so¢iety, in the novel, and on the stage, will easily understand that
the Euphuist, if anybody, was the man to popularize prose as the
dramatic vehicle. It was moreover, as Ulrici and Steinhiuser
have pointed out, poeuliarly fitted, by its rhythmical and rhetorical
qualifies, to compensate for the loss of rhyme and metre: even
its pecu]iar methods of ornamentation, its elaborate sîmiles and
classical allusions, its series of parallel clauses, points which we
should justly consider as disqualifications, may have shared on
introduction something of this compensatory function. But it is the
clearest proof of the correctness of Lyly's instinct at the outset, and
of his sensitiveness to the impression being made, that êven in his
first play we perceive a considerable modification of the style, and
that this modifying process went on steadily to the end, affording
useful confirmation, as does his advance in dramatic structure, of the
order assigned to his plays. There is a marked excess, for instance,
in the amount of simile and allusion in the Prologues and Epilogues
to Çatas/e and ..ça/# over the amount employed in the actual
dialogue. In the former play the allusions are almost entirely such
as personally contera the characters, i.e. to Theban or Macedonian
history, the lire of Apelles, or the tenets of the philosophers who
appear. In the other plays the introduction of mythological cha-
racters justifies an increase of mythological allusion ; but we never
find such in the mouths of the townsfolk of Rochester, except a lttle
in that of Livia, who is Candius' pupil, and Latin quotations in those
of the servants, whom their masters frankly confess to be cleverer
than themselves*. From the first, too, the dialogue in Lyly's farcical
scenes is distinct from that between persons of more consideration ;
i ShakesaOeare, s 19ramati¢ Irt, translated by L. D. Schmitz, i. 88- 9.
t Sperantus says of Halfpenny, « Hee learnde his leere of my sonne» his yonng
malter, whom I haue brought vp at Oxford." ail Bonb. il. $. 47.

STRUCTURAL EUPHUISM DIMINISHES 28 9
it is brisk and sharp, without long speeches, too much antithesis, or
any natural-history similes at ail : while in the talk of more dignified
characters we note a gradual diminution of those 'mechanical
devices' of the style, wherein its artificiality chiefly resides 1. Mr. G.
C. Child, who has elaborately investigated the anaount of euphuism
in the plays, furnishes us * with the following table, in considering
which the length of each play should be carefully borne in mind,
and the fact that much of the text of Zoves 21£etamorphosis is probably
part of an earlier version produced between ndimion and 2Widas.
I bave reversed only his order for Gallathea and ndimion, in
accordance with what I believe to be the later date of the latter;
and I bave added a column for the Lain quotations.

CAMPASPE
SAPHO AND
PIIAO
GALLATHEA
ENDIMION
tlDAS
]IO'I'HER BObl-
I/ovEs
MORPHOSIS

A lliteration

xx (ail in ri,st
hall)
$ (ail in eomie
scene, iii. 2).
a (in v. x, from
Lat. Gr.).
14 (confined to Isr-
cical$cenes).
23

14 (no farc:.eal
scenes).

Compare, too, what is said as to the matter of the dialogue of hts farcical and
lais other characters, on pp. 246- 7 and z$o-x above.
2 ldi,nchtner Beitriige, vil p. 99 (Erlangen und Leipzig, 894).
s By Annomination Mr. Child means consonantal without vowel similarity,
e. g. nature, nurture ; hopeless, hapless ; loyer, liver : by Consonance, an identity
in both vowels and consonants, but confined to some part or parts of words,
e.g. immoderate, immodest.
Many of these are mere snatches from the Latin grammar, recollected jokingly
by the boys in the eomie scenes: and indeed quotations are always introdnced
with a eomic pnrpose, except when Aristotle qnotes himself Çam2#. i. $, and those
in 2Iidas, Loves 2Iet., and The lVoman, whicb bas 4.
» Ail in che place, and used for hnmorous effect, v.
s Two of them not pure cases.
OD If

290 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
The table, the results of which I have not personally verified,
shows a gradual decrease in particular structural habits and in the
natural-history allusions ; but account should also be taken of general
effect depending partly on these and partly on matters too numerous
and minute for classification. Like Mr. Child I trace in Endimion the
entry of a more smooth, flowing, and varied composition, a tendency
to diseard a too brief and balanced precision. It is perceptible not
only in the ordinary interchange of the dialogue, but in the longer
speeches, where euphuism is chiefly to be Iooked for, since they
alone give full scope for its successions and parallelisms. It would,
perhaps, be impossible to prove a progressive diminution, step by
step, in the successive plays ; but the reader will find it instructive
to compare, in the marrer of flow and freedom, the speeches of
Hephaestion, pp. 329-3 i, of Venus and Phao, pp. 373-4, 41 o, 414, of the
Augur and shepherds, pp. 456-7, of Endimion, vol. iii. pp. 3t, 38, of
Fidelia, p. 3o5, of Midas, p. J44, and of Prisius and Sperantus, p. i82
(the last being the most distinctly euphuistic passage in the play).
The increase in the proportion of Latin quotations points to
a continued study of the classics, and is connected with the con-
stancy of another feature, the gnomic element. To the end the
plays abound in pithy vigorous propositions on moral and social
subjects; maxims of lire and conduct, borrowed in some cases
directly from the classics (seldom from Seneca), in others such as
had been crystallized in some English proverb, and often introduced
by some such phrase as ' It is an old said saw,' 'an old word,' ' the
old verse,' &c. And there can be no doubt that familiarity with
a host of such sayings tended to give pith and pertinence to the
expression of his original reflections. To the generally-recognized
repartees of Diogenes, I add an instance or two from elsewhere.
P. 34o. Apelles. 'Alwayes in absolute beauty there is something
aboue art.'
P. 378. Criticus. ' Where we rnislike for sorne perticular grudge,
there we pick quarrels for a generall griefe.'
Vol. iii. p. 36. Scintilla. ' Report hath beene prodigal ; for shee hath
left you no equall, nor her selle credite.'
P. 14o. Pan. 'A Carter with his whistle and his whip in true eare,
mooues as rnuch as Phoebus with his fierie chariot and winged horses.'
P. 282. Gunophilus. « Grauity in a wornan is like to a gray beard vpon
a breaching boies chinne, which a good Sch«»lemaister would cause to
be clipt, and the wise husband to be avoyded.'
P- 32. Niobe. ' The onely way to be mad is to bee constant.'

vv.v,tlEliCE IN SET SPEECHES
Occasionally Lyly makes his antithetic habit, apt to grow weari-
some in long speeches, contribute to the vivacity of a dialogue, by
distributing the different members between two interlocutors, e.g. in
the talk between Niobe and Silvestris in Zoves 3Ietamorihosi, iii. L
Nor are there iacking speeches of wit and vigour without undue
sententiousness. Such are Sybilla's advice to wooers, pp. 39o-t,
Suavia's tirade, vol. iii. pp. 37-8, Candius' and Livia's remarks on
parental authority, p. 8o, and Nisa's exposure of poetic fictions about
love, p. 3o8 : while for graceful ease and naturainess the taik of Cam-
paspe and Apelles in the studio, of Phao and Mileta, pp. 4oo-, be-
tween Sapho's ladies, between Cupid and Diana's nymphs, or between
Protea and the merchant, ieaves iittle to be desired. Scenes and
passages like these impart a peculiar air of modernity to Lyly's work,
and are certainly surprising when we remember the tedious harangues
of Euphues. And it is hOt the ieast of his merits that, beyond a very
few instances in the farcical portions l, the plays are free from coarse-
ness. Who that bas waded through the earlier volumes of Dodsley's
collection can repress a sfgh of relief as he turns to Lyly's bright and
lucid scenes from the duli obscenities, the saddening attempts at fun,
the slipshod, incoherent, pointless, and poverty-stricken taik
preceding writers ? Who does hot feel the dialogue, even of men
iike Greene and Mariowe, with Lyly's example before their eyes, poor
or stiited by the side of these nervous, witty, polished sentences ?
The long speeches and soliloquies continue up to the end, though
with growing modification oftheir euphuistic character, and, in
Bomln'e and Zove 2arelamor#oi at least, of their length. Their
continuance, as aiso their free imitation by Shakespeare, is due to
the recognition of what the modern playwright and manager are too
much inciined to neglect, the opportunity they afford for passion and
pathos. These were gifts denied, as already said, in any fullness to Lyly:
his heart, perhaps, was always too worldly, or he lacked the faculty
ofisolating himseifat wili from the crowded sphere in which he moved.
But at ieast he can recognize and attempt them. If he misses in the
orations of Hephaestion, pp. 3 9-3 t, Apelles, pp. 34 i-3, Venus, p. 404,
Phao, p. 4 x 4; yet he comes near in Hoebe, pp. 464-5,in Endimion, vol. iii.
p. 38, in Midas, pp. 9-3 ; and may be said to attain in Teilus, p. 52,
and Fidelia, p. 3os,as he had in the case of Fidus and Iffida in Euphues.
Such occasions afford a naturai, though hot the only, opportunit},

t E.g. Gallathea, pp. 462-3; Alidas, ,ol. iii. p. t2o; iii. lomb, p. 2o4

9 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
for infusing poetry into the diction ; an element banished, along with
blank verse, from the modern stage by the current taboo of all but
smartness. Mr. Child calls attention to the growth of this element
as Lyly's work proceeds, and it would have attracted notice sooner
but for his euphuism. Absent in Cam/aspe, it appears in the
dreams of Sapho, glileta, and Favilla, pp. 4o5-7, and thereafter in
an increased metaphorical and imaginative quality in matter and
phrasing. Cupid's discourses of love in Gallathea, pp. 435, 458-9,
469, and in Zoves lllelamorphosis, ii. 2, iv. i, are markedly poetical and
Petmrcan ; and there is poetry in the imaginary operations of the
Alchemist, silver drops made of smoke, and a silver steeple of
a Spanish needle, the turning of tire to gold, the wind to silver, the
sky to brass, and men's thoughts to firm metals; as also in
the Astronomer's boast, p- 452 'When I list I tan serte a trap for
the Sunne, catch the 1V[oone with lyme-twigges, and goe a bat-
fowling for starres.' There is poetry in the allegories of Sa/ho and
sllidas (in the latter case hOt the political allegory about Lesbos, but
that which underlies the story told by Ovid): while the whole
allegory and treatment of Endim[on is strongly poetical, especially
that side of the allegory which regards Tellus and Cynthia as
embodiments of the earthly and heavenly 16eauty respectively. The
spell laid upon Endimion and the contest of the women over the
unconscious sleeper, the wanderings of Eumenides, the exile of
Geron, the magic fountain, its troubling, its clearing, and its mysterious
message, are ail in the very spirit of romance ; and the fountain is
borrowed in Peele's Old IVt'ves 2"ie and Jonson's C3,nthia's tevels.
There is poetry too in Gêron's contrast between love and friendship,
vol. iii. p. 5 o, Endimion's dream, pp. 66-7, and Tellus' self-exculpa-
tion ; as also in the following :
P- 3- (of the waning moon) ' comming out of thy royall robes, where-
with thou dazelist our eyes, downe into thy swath dowtes '.
P- 33- ' the statelie Cedar whose top reacheth vnto the clowdes.., get
hold of the beames of the Sunne '.
P. 42. ' there is no sweeter musicke to the miserable then dispayre'.
P. 4z. 'a Captain, who should sound nothing but terrour, and suck
nothing but blood '.
P. 5o. grey hairs as ' Embassadours of experience '.
P. 56. Epiton's « my Pallace is pau'd with grasse, and tyled with
starres '.
P. 7o. ' Goe to the Sexton, and tell him desire is deade, and will him
to digge his graue '.

POETIC TINCTURE OF THE PROSE 295
In Jllidas the poetic phraseology is more frequent and more
daring :
Vol. iii. p. I17. « King Coin hath a mint to stamp gentlemen, and art to
make amiableness '.
P. I 17. loue is sweet, and the marrowe oi r a rnans minde '.
P. HS. 'Justice her selfe, that sitteth wimpled about the eyes, doth
it hot because shee will take no gold, but that she would hot bee seene
blushing when she takes it '.
P. 26. 'ambition bath but two steps, the lowest bloud, the highest
enuie '.
P. I26. ' digging mines of gold with the liues of men'.
P. 26. ' ambition hath one heele nayled in hell, though she stretch her
finger to touch the heauens '.
P. 13o. ' 1 haue written my lawes in blood, and made my Gods of golde ;
I haue caused the mothers wombes to bee their childrens tombes, cradles
to swimme in blood like boates, and the temples of the Gods a stewes for
strumpets '.
P. I44. ' report files as swift as thoghts, gathering wings in the aire,
& dubling rumors by her owne running'.
P. I58. 'Tush! Apollo is ttming his pipes, or at barlybreake with
Daphne, or assaying on some Shepheardes coate, or taking measure of
a serpents skinne '.
£oves )IIetamorhosis does hOt exhibit the same vigour of poetical
imagery, with the exception of the Petrarcan talk about love and
lovers already noted: but it was probably mainly composed just
after 2ndimion. The farcical temper of )flot/fer omkie affords little
scope for it, beyond a very little in Livia's part (i. 3)-
In formal poetry Lyly's achievement is confined t to the thirty-two
songs scattered through the plays, of.which twenty-three survive*;
the blank verse of 2"he IYoman ; and a coule of Latin eulogies of
Elizabeth . Of the nine missing songs ' the inch/mtment for sleepe'
inEnd, il. 3 is most to be regretted--an accepted theme for the rivalry
of sonneteers in the next decade. Of those preserved I do hot claire
much merit for more than nine or ten : (1) the exquisite ' Cupid and
my Campaspe'; (2) Trico's song on bird-notes in the saine play;
(3) the drinking-song in Saiho , p. 395 ; (4) Sapho's on love, which
reminds us ofthe closing stanzas of renus and Adonis ; (5) Apollo's on
t I find, later, that this list requires very considerable additions. Cf. Biograph.
Appendix, vol. i. pp. 577 sqq.
* See above, p. 64.
a The' 1ouis Elizabeth' of Aiuhues, p. 6, better as an ingenious invention
than as Latin verse; and the seven lines prefixed to Lok°s Ecclesioster. See
Lire, vol. i. p. 67.

294 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
Daphne in A/[idas, iv. x (and perhaps we should add Pan's on Syrinx,
for it is quite as good, the ears notwithstanding); (6) Pipenetta's
on maidenhood, v. 2 ; (7) the hymn to Apollo at the close of the
play ; (8) on Cupid in 3lother A?ombie, iii. 3, and (9) the charming
trio of Diana's nymphs in Gallathea, iv. 2. A tenth or eleventh,
that of the fairies in ndimion, was thought worth imitation by
Shakespeare in T/te 3lerry |lï)es. The remaining dozen are poor
enough, duets or trios between saucy pages and their victims, little
more than metrical dialogue without such universal application as
could alone confer perennial freshness. Songs like these were not
unknown to the drama before Lyly : they appear in Gammer Gurton,
in 1)amon and t9ithias, in t9romos and Cassandra ; but in none of
them is there the slightest hint of the lyric grace or vigour that so
conspicuously marks the best of our author. In this wedding of
pure poetry with drama, he is, as in so much else, the first ; or, if the
uncertain date of composition of The .4rraignmenl ofl9aris, printed
584, points to a possible exception in George Peele, Lyly must at
least daim the lion's share of Nash's praise of the latter as Hmus
z, erborum artifex.
And in what is practically his last play he tries his hand with
conspicuous success at the blank verse which had now become the
fashion. His lines present the saine distinct and isolated character
as those of Gorboduc, the Jocasta of Gascoigne and Kinwelmarsh,
Hughes' 2]'sfortunes of Arthur, and even of Marlowe himself : they
are seldom run on, but they do exhibit something of the variety of
cadence, some of those deviations from the normal line, the credit
of which is generally assigned to Marlowe, who was the first to adopt
on principle improvements which his predecessors stumbled on occa-
sionally by chance. I have counted over thirty lines in the play
where such welcome deviations appear--a few examples are quoted
under ' Date' in the prolegomena to that play--and Lyly sought
further variety by an occasional hemistich. But he also wrote the
line fluently, musically, and sometimes with beauty. Without deny-
ing the supreme poetic genius which enabled Marliwe to fix the
blank line authoritatively as the right vehicle for the rising English
drama, I think that the regular decasyllabics of Lyly represent a con-
scious metrical skill seldom shown by the greater poet for man)' lines
in succession. Passages like the following exhibit an ear for musical
variety that defies and overcomes the monotonous tendency of the
rules by which it chooses to be bound :

POETRY OF rIIE IVO2IIAN 295
Could Iphicles goe from thee for a lambe ?
The wolfe take ail my flocke, so I haue thee.
Will me to diue for peaxle into the sea,
To fetch the fethers of the Arabian bird,
The golden apples from the Hesperian wood,
1Marema}'de's glasse, Flora's abbiliment»
So I ma}, haue Pandora for m}, loue. (iii. 2. I57-63.)
Her pretended attempt at suicide calls forth the following from
another shepherd :--
Diuine Pandora, sta}, th}, desperat hand!
May summers lightning burne our Autumne crop,
The thunders teeth plowe vp our fa},rest groues,
The scorching sun-beames dry vp ail our springs,
And ruffe windes blast the beauty of out plaines,
If lIelos loue hot thee more then his heart. (iv. I. I89-94.)
She assigns him, and another shepherd too, a meeting :--
3Iel. When will the sun go downe ? flye, Phcebus, flye!
O, that thy steeds were winged with my swift thoughts :
lqow shouldst thou fall in Thetis azure armes ;
And now would I fall in Pandoraes lap.
ll#tt. (al#art). Wherefore did Iupiter create the day?
Sweete is the night when euery creature sleepes.
Corne night, corne gentle night, for thee I stay. (iv. I. 248-54. )
Finally the rival shepherds abjure her :--
The springs that smild to sec Pandoraes face,
And leapt aboue the bankes to touch her lippes;
The proud playnes dauncing with Pandoraes weight;
The iocund trees that raid when she came neare,
And in the murmur of their whispering leaues»
Did seem to say 'Pandora is our Queene!'
V¢imesse how fayre and beautifull she was,
Eut now alone how false and treacherous. (v. I. I6I-8.)
I bave quoted enough to show, not merely tbat Lyly could some-
tlmes write blank verse of capital quality, but that there is in The
IVoman in/he /'ootoe, besides this metrical sweetness, a poetic fancy
which may bave suggested more to Sbakespeare than the description
of his own exquisite fairy-tale as a dream. Lyly and Peele are at any
rate his only models for idyllic grace, and tbat power of fusing lyric
feeling with dramatic work which he shows in A 3Iidsummer 2Vight's
2Dream, Romeo attd fulie/, and As You Zike I/; and of his close
acquaintanee with Lyly's writings there is abundant proof.

Following Marlowe's example Lyly had, too, the sense to perceive,
hOt only that comic marrer hardly admits of verse, but that its effect
may be greatly enhanced by a transition to prose, the vehicle of
common sense. Gunophilus makes the transition on pp. 5 , 6z-3,
z65-8, ZTZ, z78, 282-3 ; though elsewhere he speaks in verse like the
other characters.

6. ,VHAT SHAKESPEAR.E OWES TO L,'LY.
Let me close this essay with a brief statement of Shakespeare's
obligations to Lyly's plays, apart from his numerous imitations and
rcminiscences of .uthues collected in the former essay. First of ail
he owes him very much for the example of intercourse bet-'een
refined and well-bred folk, conducted with ease, grace, and natural-
ness; and especially of such among women, and of the flippant,
tantalizing treatment of their loyers by women. As part of this he
is his debtor for the example of a prose-dialogue, either brisk and
witty or adomed with leaming and fancy--a dialogue which, if it
seem heavy to t far from impeccable and often confessedly vulgar
modern taste, is yet as near the best talk of its day as was consistent
with the literary heightening demanded for current effect and per-
manent vitality. He is indebted to him, further, for some doser percep-
tion and definition of the various provinces and styles of dramatic
work, for the example of how they might be fused or interchanged, and
for the introduction of humorous servants and some popular types
of character. Undoubtedly, too, Lyly taught him something in the
marrer of unity and coherence of plot-construction, in the introduc-
tion of songs and fairies, in the infusion of that 'breath and finer
spirit' of romance and poetry which could be brought to their full
flower only by one of larger gifts than Lyly--of fuller insight, of
a stricter, sterner grasp of truth, of a diviner tenderness and pit)..
And in proof of Shakespeare's familiarity with his work, to x.hich
Lyly's far more conspicuous position when Shakespeare began lends
a prima facie probability, we are able to point to many detailed re-
semblances which cannot be held accidental. Among those given
in my notes are the following. Richard's dissatisfaction with effemi-
nate peace, Benedick's ruminations on Claudio, or Enobarbus' on
Antony's entanglement, are ail anticipated in Parmenio's lament
over and Hephaestion's remonstrance with the love-fettered Alex-
ander. Plato's respect for the supernatural (pp. 323-4) probablysuggests
a striking utterance by Lafeu (,41l's llrell, il. 3- i sqq.) ; while Timon and

orartAK'S BORROWlNGS 297
Apemantus reeall Alexander and Diogenes. The parody of logic in
Sapho and elsewhere is echoed by Olivia's fool and Ophelia's grave-
digger ; and Hamlet's dissatisfaction with the Court after the Univer-
sity is known also to Pandion, as it was to Euphues and to Guevara
before him. The scene in Gallathea (iii. z) where Diana's nymphs,
entering one by one, confess their broken vow and agree to pursue
their passion, has often been quoted as the original of that between
the four anchori[es, which is dramatically the best in Zoe's Jalottr'$
.ost. The idea of disguising girls as boys and of complications
resulting therefrom, which Shakespeare imitated in six cases, those
of Julia, Portia, Nerissa, Rosalind, Viola, and Imogen, besides La
Pucelle and Perdita (W. Z'. iv. 4, 665-7'), is original in Lyly ; and
Viola in her page's dress, half absently confessing
I ara ail the daughters of my father's bouse,
And ail the brothers too,
teminds us strongly of Phillida's forgetfulness in a similar situation
(iii. )--' My father had but one daughter, and therefore I could
have no sister'--while Cupid's conceited prettiness about loye and
loyers is the original of much that is said in the saine rein by Romeo,
if hot by Rosalind. The pretentious Sir Tophas, the ridicule of him
by the pages, and his pairing with Bagoa, are the originals of the
magnificent Armado, of his relation with Moth and his declension
upon the country-wench Jaquenetta. Falstaff shares both Sir Tophas'
grossness and Corsites' punishment by elvish pinching, and some
resemblance to the Master Constable of ndimion is traceable in
Dogberry. The feeling of Tellus that ' there is no sweeter Musicke
to the miserable then dispayre' (vol. iii. p. 4), and Geron's estimation
of sorrow as his chief solace (p. 47), are repeated in Richard II, Con-
stance, and Alonso. Dates' pun on ' grave' and ' gravity' is borrowed
by Mercutio (iii. L o3). Eumenides' dread of an excess of joy in
his union with his mistress (pp. 49, 78) is still more appropriate in the
self-controlled Portia (iii. . x)at the happy moment of Bassanio's
choice. The allegory of the play suggests that of Oberon's speech ;
and in some smaller points Shakespeare's Zreara reealls Lndimion or
'he Voman. An ass-head is fitted on Bottom's asinine self-conceit
as asses' ears are on the arrogant Midas : in the Dreara, as in ndi-
mion, fairies make sport of rude simplicity, and loyers sleeping under
enchantment are aroused by the entry of a courtly train : Puck the
¢lowa is dispatched for a flower, Gunophilus the clown for herbs ;

298 LYLY AS A PLAYWRIGHT
the flower is misused, the herbs ignored ; later ' Dian's bud' is called
in to counteract the effects of Cupid's flower, just as lunary is sug-
gested as a cure for the harms into which Corsites' passion has
brought him (iv. 3" x3 x) : the fable of the Man in the Moon, ap-
pearing in l'Ate IVoman (v. 3 -9) and in the title of Endimion, is
introduced again by Moonshine ; and Puck's apology for the play as
a dream is borrowed from Lyly's prologue to his own pastoral. So,
too, the bloody napkin which figures in the latter is "brought in again
by Oliver in As You Zike It, and Melos' impatience for sunset re-
minds us of Juliet's. Licio, cataloguing his nfistress' features and
properties in 21h'das (i. 2), gives hints to Speed in l'Ate 2"wo Gentle-
men : Mellacrites' eulogy of gold suggests some important speeches
in the mouth of Timon of Athens: and Midas' reflection,
should I doe with a world of ground, whose body must be content
with seauen foot of earth ?' (iii. t), anticipated by Diogenes' waming
to Alexander in Canase (v. 4. 53), is echoed in a later con-
queror's pensive apostrophe of the ' ill-weaved ambition' of the Percy.
The mad-scene in the hovel in Zear confers immortality on the half-
witted Silena's mistake (A[otAer Bombie, iv. 2) of Accius for a joint-
stool. Sperantus, interrupting the troth-plight of Candius and Livia
(i. 3- 55), says satirically ' God give you joy, Candius : I was worth
the bidding to dinner, though hot worthy to be of the counsell' : and
Shakespeare, using the saine dramatic opposition of youthful inclina-
tion to parental wish and the saine dramatic interruption, makes
Polixenes tell Florizel
Methinks a father
Is at the nuptial of his son a guest
That best becomes the table--

and urge his right to ' hold some counsel in such a business.' The
suppressed wrath of Prisius' « Sort, Liuia, take me with you' (vol. iii.
p. x8) is exactly repeated in Capulet's ' Soft ! take me with you,' in
regard to Juliet's opposition ; and the dénouement of the play, turning
on marks of the person, bears some resemblance to that of Cymbeline.
The three Arcadian couples of Zones ][etamorosis find greater
vitality and distinction in Arden Forest as Audrey and William,
Phoebe and Silvius, Rosalind and Orlando; while the sprightly
hanter of Lorenzo and Jessica need not wholly disdain Protea and
Petulius (v. 2). The lark who claps ber wings at heaven's gates in
Trico's song in Camfiase mounts thither again some thirty years
later to forward the suit of Cloten: Apelles leams untaught the

QUI NIL MOLITUR INEPTE 299
lesson the Duke gives to Valentine, that 'starres are to be looked
at, hot reached at' : and las@, the complaint of Lyly's prologue that
an author, like a torch, consumes himself in giving light to others, is
answered in leasure for 21[easure by the lines which declare that
such is the divine intention.
And now I must leave my author to speak for himself. I do so
with the assurance that, if these volumes should induce a more
thorough study of him, he will be acknovledged to bave received
hitherto much less than justice. John Lyly is far from being merely
the high-priest of a style: he is the introducer of much besicles
that is of first-rate importance. He is the herald of an epoch, the
toaster of the king: the first to establish prose in comedy ; the first
to write plays at once cleanly and coherent, bright and smooth ; the
first to present to us on the stage woman in all her charm of wit and
grace and laughter ; the first to utilize and insist on love-making as the
grand perennial source of interest in fiction and drama alike; the first
founder, finally, of that 'college of wit-crackers' who have lightened
for Englishmen the weight and seriousness of life, down from his
days, through those of Congreve and Sheridan, Fielding and Sterne,
Hood and Praed and Sydney Smith, unto our own.
Mille habet ornatus, mille decenter habet.
Blount, who published the Second Folio Shakespeare in the saine
year 632 , says of Lyly, 'This poet sat at the Sunne's Table. Apollo
gave him a wreath of his owne Bayes, without snatching. The Lyre
he played on had no borrowed strings.' This is partial testimony,
yet bas much of truth. Among the poets of that mighty rime we
hail in John Lyly one to whose lips the exultant and immortal
draught was held, indeed, but seldom ; yet one perhaps the cleverest,
with the possible exception of Ben the most learned, and in spite of
that the most modern, of them all. And he came before them all:
first in the long roll of Englishmen who have brought to the difficult
task of the Playwfight the service of a powerful brain, quickened,
illuminated, and conducted to successful.issue by a sense of art.

NOTE ON THE TREATMENT ADOPTED
IN THE TEXT OF THE PLAYS

TE text followed in the Plays is that of the earliest quarto, in every case
except that of CamtSasp«, where only the second (though of the saine year) was
accessible. In later quartos corruption outweighs correction; and Blount's ed.
1632Æ which Fairhoh unfortunately followed, is the worst offender. Obvious errors
are corrected from the earliest edition where the correction is round, and the
reading o the edilo i'incezOs given in the footnotes, where also ail variants are
repolted. Each footnote implies a collation of ail editions.
Ail modern insertions are eaclosed in angular brackets (), ail those due to
preceding editors being assigned to them in footnotes.
The numbering of Acts and Sc«I«s is that of the quartos ; the numbering of lines
in a scene, and the arrangement of them in the verse of The $Voman, my own. I have
localized the scenes, and noted at the saine rime any case of abrupt trausfer.
Old stage-directions appear here, though not invariably in the old editions, un-
bracketed and in italics, the original spelling being alays etained. Many, even for
entry and exit, were omitted in the old editions ; some carelessly, some as infei'able
from the dialogue. In inserted stage-directions names are spelt as in the modern list
of Dramatis Personae, to which the prefixes to speeches are also conformed, any
mistakes of the quartos being noted.
In speeches the general fuie of the quartos, to print names of persons in italics
and geographical or national names in romans, has been uniformly followed.
As to punctuation, I have inserted, omitted, or transposed stops with less scruple
than in the Euph««s, retaining the Çld irregularity wherever possible withiut injury
to effect, and reporting every change that could affect sense.
The BibliÇgraæhy , Sources, Date, and other matters appertaining to each Play
are discussed in their several Introductious : for general criticism of each, or of
all, the reader is referred to the essay oa Lyly as a Playwright, pp. a31-99 of
this volume.
In the footnotes italics are reserved for the editor's comment. All other
explanations given on p. z of this volume are applicable also to the footnotes for
the Plays.

Q, QQ - Quarto, Quartos: the small distinguishing numbers referring to the
list of ' Editions " ærcfixed to each play.
BI. Blount's Sixe Covrt Comedies (I63).
l)il. ---- C. W. Dilke's Old laj,s, vol. i or ii
yDods. -- alllhree editions of Dodsley's Old Plays: (1) 744, (z) I78o (ed.
Reed, (3) 8a5 (ed. Collier).
/7. - F. W. Fairholt's edition of Lyly's Plays (1.ibra,y of Old ,4uthors,
vols. 858 ).
zCt. - J. S. Keltie's ll'orks of the 'qtish Lramatists (8îo).
s.. = Stage-direction.

CAMPASPE

Fifih ed.
Blount.

EDITIONS

[The original entï of Cam/mse in the StaNoners" Regfster bas disappeared, or
was rhaps delayed. Under date ' ! 3 maij 588' are enteroe to ' Thom Cad-
man Tw Copies whereof he is to bfinge the titles.., xii a' (Sta. eK. Arb. ii.
49o). One of these may bave been Cam/as/e, whose title was changed h the yr
ofits first publication.]
mos/e excellen/ Comedie Alexan«r, Campe, a ioges, layed bee
/he Queenes 3Iaiestie o, e day at niKht @ ber 3Iaiesties chHdren, aÆd the
children Pouks. Im,'inted at London for Tm Cman. , 584. 4to.
Signatures A (4 leaves, with title on Au), A (repeated)--F in fours. (Huth
Library.)
Campe. ] Played i,eore the [ Queenes 3laies/ie on [ mwyeares day at nlgh/,
O' her [ 3laies/ies Children, and /he [ ChiMren
Zoon [for Thom Cmtman. *584. 4to. Siatnr , , , A3, then
A-E 4 in fours, and four more leav signed G moted from the 59 4to.
( O'ce Collection, S.
Camase, [ Played belote the [ Queenes 3Iaiestie on [ uueares day niKht,
by [ ber 3laiestier ChiMrê,
for Thomas Cman. [ ,58 4to. a 7 leaveg. Signatures , , A 3, then
A-F 4 in fou. No eolophon. (Br. 3lus.: l.)
Camase [ Play belote the [ Quees maiest on tmee day [ niKht , @ r
3ffes/ies Children, and
Thomas Ovin,for IVillm Broome. I 59 !. 4to. 27 leave. A 3, , then
B 4 in four«. No col. (Brit. 3les. : Bodl.: 3laKd. Coll. Ox. (wanthg fit
three and last four leaves): Camb. Unir. Lib. (wanting title and lt eight
leaves) : Trin. ColL Camb. : yce Coll. S. Kens.)
[Cadman's fights--he published from t584 to ! 589--in Camase had evidently
laed, hnt no trsferenee of them is reeordoe in William Brme's lifetime. The
fit ent in the Sta. Re K. that certainly conoes the play is' I a ApfiHs * 597
Jonc brome dowe. Entred for ber copies in full courte holden tMs Day iiij
bkes : called the Twnes of Christian reli#on, Pandto, Sapho and Phao, d
Campaspe, To enioy Dufinge ber dowe[hoed] or that she shM a free Statiers
wife of this companye The which copies were Thomas Cadms . . . ij*ee' (Sla.
Eeff. Arb. iii.
' 23 Augusti I6OI George potter. Èntred for his copies in full Court holden
this Day these copies folowinge whiche beloed to mystres Brome Lately De-
ceed . . . vj* riz. Sapho and Phao Campaspe Endimion Myd Galathea ' d
eight other works. (Sta. Re K. Ark iii. lgt. )
9 Januafij i67[-8 ] Master Blount. Entred for his Copi by oMer of a full
Court Sixe playes of Peter [Jo] LiIly to pfinted in one volume . . vj a
z t. Campaste, Sapho, and Phao. Galathea : Endimion Midas and Mother Bomby.'
(Sta. Re K. Arb. iv. I92). ]
Camase Played be the Quees 3laies/;e on Twe day
3laiesties Children, a /he Children Paules. Lonn, PHn/ed by IVillm
Stansby, f Edward BlounL 63z. 2m; cnpying si. o a-L (in t*velv) of the
Sixe C Comedies. (r. 3lus. ( 2 eopi3 : yce Collect. S. Aém. : l. : 3Id.
Coll. Ox : Ch. Ch. Oxf : Qu. Coll. Oxf : Trin. Coll. Camb. (wanting ail fore
L 2, i.e. wanting Endimion and Canase) : Advoc. Libr. Edinb. : ru Zibr.
Birm.)
The play is also ven in Dsley's Select CollecHon Old Plays, vol. ii. 744;
in the eond ed. of that work with notes by Reed, 78o; in the third ed. with
fresh notes hy J. P. Collier and O. Gilchfist, 825 ; h vol. i of the Ancient BrzYish
#mma, 8o; in Fairholt's edition of Lyly's mmak Vorks, vol. i (Libra of
Old Antho, 1858 ) ; d h Keltæ's Vorks t Bqtish #ramaists, x87o.

CAMPASPE

.Argument. m Alexander the Great falling in love with his beautiful
Theban captive, Campaspe, gives her freedom, and, disregarding the
dissuasions of his confidant Hephaestion, engages Apelles to paint
ber portrait. A mutual passion arises between the painter and his
sitter; and, the portrait finished, Apelles injures it, to secure fresh
sittings. When he finally presents it, his strange demeanour betrays
his secret to the king, who magnanimously resigns Campaspe to him,
and resumes the wadike schemes he has for a while forgotten.
Variety is sought in the intercourse of Alexander with famous
philosophers, especially with Diogenes of Sinope, who excites
sustained interest by his tart and independent replies to the king,
by his diatribe against the Athenians at large, and by his witty
encounters with various individuals. Among these Manes, his
servant, with two others, furnish a purely farcical element on the
model of Terence, except that it is quite unconnected with the plot.

Text and Bibliography.- The title printed above as that of
Q is taken from the Catalogue of the Huth Library, verified and
corrected for me by Mr. A. H. Huth, the removal of whose library
into the country has prevented him from allowing me an opportunity
of inspecting it. No other copy of this quarto is known to me,
though the title was given, inaccurately, in the second edition of
Dodsley's O/dP/ays, x78o (vol. il. ed. Reed). Reed reports only one
difference of reading from the second quarto, ' Turkes' for ' Turkies'
i. L z. The title differs from those of QQ.a not only in the
additional names included therein, but in the date of production at
Court--'twelfe day at night,' instead of' newyeares day at night,'
a point in which it is followed by the titles of Q4 and Blount.
Hazlitt, quoting the title of Q' in his 11andbook, I867, wrongly gives
the date as 'new yeares day.' Nevertheless I believe the latter was
the true date, wrongly reported by Qt. The collation reported in
the Huth Catalogue--'*,, 4 leaves, with title on ^ 2; *, (repeated)-
ï in fours,' confirms Hazlitt's statement that Q' has 28 leaves.
The text followed in our edition is that of the second quarto, of
the saine year as the first. The only copy known to me exists in the

QI. laS4"

Q. I584.

304 (3AMPASPE
Dyce Collection in South Kensington Museum. It has hitherto
been supposed tobe of the saine edition as the copies of the saine
date in the British Museum and the Bodleian Library ; but its
distinction from them is established :--
(x) by three minute differences on the title-page, (a) the fourth
line ends with the word ' ber ', in the otber two copies vith 'by',
(b) the fifth line ends with ' the ', in the other two copies with
' and ', (c) the Dyce copy prints ' Maiesties Cildren,' the other two
print ' Maiesties Childrê.'
(2) by the following differences in the position of the signatures--
A 3 lies under e egg in D yce (Q), and under e eg in Bodl.and Br. M us. (Q).
C ,, nd ,, » . ell » » ,,
D ,, et ,, ,, ,, oo » ,, ,,
E , es, ,, . » to ,, » »
(3) by the differences of reading recorded in the footnotes, which
sufficienfly establish the Dyce copy as of an earlier edition.
The title-page of this copy is followed by a blank leaf unsigned
(in Q this blank leaf precedes the title-page), then by the Prologue
at Court on the recto of an unsigned leaf whose verso is blank, then
by the Prologue at Blackfriars on both sides of a leaf signed A 3, and
then by the commencement of the play itself on the first leaf of sig. A
repeated. Clear]y the Blackfriars Prologue signed A 3 should have
preceded that at Court, the leaf containing the latter being really A 4,
though its lack of signature has won for it a prior position at the
hands of the binder, as also in Br. Mus. copies of Q3 and Q4, where
the disappearance of the blank leaf, the real A 2, made the mistake
natural, though it is avoided in the Dyce copy of Q4. The Black-
friars Epilogue precedes that at Curt ; and in both quartos of Saptw
and 'ao the Blackfriars Prologue precedes, being printed on the
recto ofsig. A 2, while the Prologue at Court occupies the verso. The
four leaves of sig. F are wanting, being replaced by the corresponding
four leaves of sig. G from a copy of the quarto of 1591. For the text
of these four leaves I have followed the next quarto of the saine year,
Q3 584" It should be noted that the running-title of this and the
two following quartos, as also of the play as given in Blount's edition,
is 'A tragical Cmedie of Alexander and Cmpaspe '--the only case
among the plays where the running-title of the old eds. differs from
that on the title-page.
Cf. the first liae of the ProL at Court, and note.

INTRODUCTION 3o5
The third quarto differs from the second only in 18 words,
of which 9 are trifling emendations or corruptions of spelling,
2 bad corruptions, 5 needed corrections, and 2 indifferent
changes.
The fourth quarto, which prints from Q3, has 16 needed correc-
tions, IO corruptions, and about a dozen indifferent changes, mostly
in the direction of modemization.
Blount's Sixe Court Camed&s (i632), printing in this as in the
other plays from the latest quarto, repeats ail its corruptions save
one, and ail its corrections save two ; but makes 2o corruptions of
its own, while it has no original emendations.
Dodsley included the play under the title .4lexanderand Cam2#as2#e.
4 Comed.v. in his Old 191a_vs, 1744. He modernized or su.bstituted
some words, and omittêd others, with the songs ; but suppliêd a list
of the dramatis personae, and four nêedêd stage-directions. In a
second edition, 1780 , Reed generally restorêd the reading of the
quartos, adding the songs, four more stage-directions and some good
notes ; but there remained t6 changes, of which only 4 can be classed
as emendations: and the third edition, 1825, to which Collier and
others added a few notes, makes further omissions, e.g. a whole line,
iv. 4- I9-'2o- The reprint of the play in the Ancient l?ritish 1)rama,
x8xo, vol. i, simply follows Reed.
Fairholt's two-volume edition, 1858 , the only form in which ail the
plays have hitherto been accessible to the modem reader, follows
Blount's text for this and the rive other plays included in the Sixe Co'vrt
Comedies--a most unfortunate choice, by which Lyly's reputation with
modern scholars must have suffered very considerably. Blount not
only printed from late and corrupted quartos, but himself added
enormously to the list of corruptions, which Fairholt generally
repeats, though he corrects a few by the earlier quartos in his notes
at the end. These notes are often very useful : but they make no
attempt to identify the classical quotations and allusions in which
the plays abound, and much else that required comment is passed
over. In the text of Campase Fairholt corrects ,o of Blount's
corruptions, but himself corrupts the text in 9 places, while he
hesitates to insert the necessary stage-directions, even when already
added by Dodsley.
Keltie (British Dramatists, I87O ) prints the play from Fairholt,
adding a few brief and useful notes, and indicating one or two
errors.

306 CAMPASPE
Authorship. -- Lyly's name is not on the title-page of the quartos ;
but the style, the unusual number (about 3 o) of reminiscences of
'uAue$ that it contains, and its inc]usion by Blount in the
Coz'rt Comedies, leave no doubt as to the authorship.

Sources.--Warton (History ofEnglish Poetry, iii. p. 342) suggests
that the play might originate from ' A ballett entituled an history of
Alexander Campaspe and Appelles, and of the faythfull fryndeshippe
betweene theym' printed for Colwell in i565 and entered in the
Stationers' Regster under the period i565-i566 t. It is true, a.s
SVarton suggests, that a play is sometimes described in the Register
as a ' ballett' ; and Lyly may have had before him some ruder piece
on the same subject. But his play bears throughout, in diction and
treatment, the special mark of the Euphuist ; and it appears extremely
improbable that Lyly, accustomed to draw so largely on a wide range
of classical reading, was indebted considerably, if at all, to native
sources. His chief source is undoubtedly the passage in Pliny's
Naturallistory, bk. xxxv. c. IO, narrating the surrender of Cmpaspe
by Alexander to the painter, the latter part of which was indicated as
the source in Reed's notes to the second edition of Dodsley, 1780 :-
'Fuit enim et comitas illi, propter quam gratior Alexandro Magno
erat, frequenter in officinam ventitanti: nam, ut diximus, ab alio
pingi se, vetuerat edicto. Sed et in officina imperite multa disserenti
silentium comiter suadebat, "rideri eum" dicens "a pueYis qui
colores tererent" [compare the dialogue, Act iii. sc. 4- 6o-5]
Tantum erat auctoritati juris in regem, alioqui iracundum: quam-
quam Alexander honorera ei clarissimo perhibuit exemplo. Namque
cure dilectam sibl ex pallacis suis proecipue, nomine Campaspen,
nudam pingi ob admirationem formoe ab Apelle jussisset, eumque,
dura paret, captum amore sensisset, dono eam dedit : magnus animo,
major imperio sui: nec minor hoc facto, quam victoria aliqua.
Quippe se vicit, nec torum tantum suum, sed etiam affectum donavit
artifici : ne dilectoe quidem respectu motus, ut quoe modo regis fuisset,
modo pictoris esset. Sunt qui Venerem Anadyomenen illo pictam
exemplari putant.'

z Several other « balletts' connected with Apelles appear in the Reister about
the saine time, e.g. *a songe of Appelles with an other Dytty,' a 'ballett of
Appelles and Pygmalyne to the tune of the fyrst Appelles,' &c.
a Aelian, Var. tIist, ii. 2, relates the story of Zeuxis and bIegabyzus.

ti, lV, OD UCTION 307
' One or two other details about Apelles from the saine source are
referred to in their proper places in the notes. Some of Pliny's
stories of the painter, used by Lyly here or in ].upues, had already
appeared in the seventh chapter of T. Fortescue's Ioreste, x57x.
As noted in discussing the sources for Euphues, there is no Engiish
translation of Pliny before that of Philemon Holland (Lon. x6o,
2 vols. fol.).
For the historical matter, the relations of Alexander with Timoclea,
Hephaestion, Çlitus, Parmenio, &c., Lyly drew on Plutarch's Lift
of Alexander in North's translation, the dedication of which to
Elizabeth is dated 'the sixteene day of January x579,' i.e. x58o.
That he used North rather than the original is clear from the verbal
identity in the batch of questions Alexander purs to the philosophers
in Act i. sc. 3. 8-98, with those put to the Gymnosophistae in
Plutarch's sixty-fourth chapter. I quote this passage, with that
about Timoclea and that about I)iogenes, relegating one or two
minor points to their proper places in the notes.
' Now amongest the other miseries and calamities of the poore
citie of Thebes, there were certaine Thracian souldiers, who having
spoyled and defaced the house of Timoclea, a vertuous ladie and of
noble parentage, they devided her goods among them: and their
captaine having ravished her by force, asked her, whether she had
any where hidden any gold or silver. The ladie told him, she had.
Then leading him into ber garden, she brought him unto a well:
where she said she had cast ail her juells and precious things, when
she heard the citie was taken. The barbarous Thracian stouped to
looke into the well: she standing behind him, thrust him in, and
then threw stones enow on him, and so killed him. The souldiers
when they knew it, tooke and bound her, and so carled her unto
Alexander. When Alexander saw ber countenance, and marked her
gate : he supposed ber at the first to be some great lady, she followed
the souldiers with such a majestie and boldnes. Alexander then
asking her what she was : She aunswered, that she was the sister of
Theagenes, who fought a battell with King Philip before the citie
of Ceronea, where being generall he was slaine, valiantly fighting
for the defense of the libertie of Grece. Alexander wondering at
her noble aunswere and couragious deede, commaunded no man
shoud touche her nor her children, and so freely let her goe whether
she would. He ruade league also with the Athenians,' &c.
(chap. xii).

308 CAMPASPE
' Then the Groecians having assembled a generall counsell of ail
the states of Groece within the straights of Peloponnesus: there it
was determined that they would make warre with the Persians.
X'¢hereupon they chose Alexander generall for ail Grece. Then
divers men comming to visite Alexander, aswell philosophers, as
governors of states, to congratulate with him for his election, he
looked that Diogenes Sinopian (who dwelt at Corinth) would likewise
corne as the rest had done : but when he saw he made no reckoning
of him, and that he kept still in the suburbes of Corinthe, at a place
called Cranium, he went him selle unto him, and found him layed
all a long in the sunne. When Diogenes saw so many comming
towardes him, he sate up a litle, and looked full apon Alexander.
Alexander courteously spake unto him, and asked him, if he lacked
any thinge. Yea said he, that I do: that thou stand out of my
sunne a litle. Alexander was so well pleased with this aunswere,
and marvelled so much at the great boldnes of this man, to se how
small account he made of him: that when he went his way from
him, Alexanders familliers laughing at Diogenes, and mocking him,
he told them: Masters say what you lyst, truely if I were hot
Alexander, I would be Diogenes' (chap. xiv).
' He did also take tenne of the wise men of the contr)', which men
doe ail go naked, and therefore are called Gymnosophistoe, (to wit,
Philosophers of lndia) who had procured Sabbas to rebell against
him, and had done great hurt unto the Macedonians. And bicause
they were taken to be the sharpest and readiest of aunswer, he did
put them (as he thought)many hard questions, and told them he
would put the first man to death, that aunswered him worst, and so
the test in order: and ruade the eldest amonge them Iudge of their
aunswers. The question he asked the first man, was this :
I. Whether the dead or the living, were the greater number. He
aunswered, the living. For the dead sayd he, are no more men. _
2. The second man he asked : whether the earth, or the sea brought
forth most creatures. He aunswered, the earth. For the sea sayd
he, is but a part of the earth.
3- To the third man : which of ail beastes was the subtillest. That
(sayd he) which man hetherto never knew.
4. To the fourth : why did he make Sabbas rebell ? Bicause sayd
he, he should lire honorably, or dye vilely.
5- To the fift, which he thought was first, the daye, or the night ?
He aunswered, the daye, by a day. The kinge finding his aunswer

IN TR.OD U Ç'IION 309
slraunge, added to this speech : Straunge questions, must needes have
straunge aunswers.
6. Comming to the sixt man, he asked him : how a man should
corne tobe beloved : If he be a good man sayd he, not terrible.
7- To the seventh, how a man should be a god ? In doing a thing,
said he, impossible for a man.
8. To the eight, which was the stronger: life or death ? Life,
said he, that suffreth so many troubles.
9. And unto the ninth and last man : how long a man should live ?
Untill sayd he, he thinke it better to dye, then to lire.
....... In fine Alexander did let them go with rewardes'
(chap. lxiv).
Plutarch does hOt mention Campaspe at all ; nor is there any
further allusion in the Zt of .dle.»ander to Diogenes, except that
Onesicritus was his scholar. We must look for the materials for
Lyly's Diogenes chiefly in the life of him included in Diogenes
Laertius' l'itae Phi/osophorum, lib. vi. ch. 2. There was no English
translation of this author before i688. The Greek text was published
by Frobenius at Basle, i533, and again with a Latin translation by
H. Stephens at Paris in i57o. That Diogenes Laertius was Lyly's
source, as well as those allusions to Diogenes in other works of
Plutarch which we have traced in the Euphues, is proved by the
allusion in the Prologue at Blackfriars to the Myndians and their
gates, a story round, so far as I know, only in this life of the
philosopher by his namesake, vi. 2. § 6 (57)- This and all other
passages used by Lyly are quoted in the notes.

Date.- An upward limit is supplied by the passage (cf. i. 3- 81-98)
quoted above (pp. 308-9) from North's Plutarch, the dedication
of which to Elizabeth is dated January i6, i579-8o: a downward,
by the play's publication in x 584 . The very large number of echoes
from Eu_phue«--I have counted thirty, far more than are found in
any other play--suggests that this was his next labour after the
completion of the novel in the spring of i58o ; and the note of
modesty and hesitation appropriate to a first dramatic essay is more
noticeable in the Prologues and Epilogues of Camaspe than in those
of Sa_Pha and f'hao. The title-pages of the second and third quartos
(1584) announce the play as given before the Queen 'on newyeares
day at night by her Maiesties Children and the Children of Paules' ;
while the fourth quarto (159) substitutes ' twelfe day at night,' with

3 t o CAMPASPE
which the title of the original edition agrees. Supposing, as is
natural, that these dates refer toits first production at Court, the
earliest date that can be fixed for such is Christmas, x58o-1581.
Chalmers' payment4ists extracted from the Council Registers t record
the payment of £Io on January 3o, x58o-I to the toaster of the
Children of Paul's for a play on Twelfth Day: but the Revels
Accounts enable us to identify this with ' A storie of Pompey,
enacted in the hall on twelfnighte' in that year by ' the Children of
Pawles' : while the ' Newe yeres daye at nyght' of the same Christmas
t58o-i is stated s to have been occupied by a performance of'The
Earl of Derbies men.' The next period dealt with in the Revels
Accounts is' Betwene the daie of ..... i58i . . . and the xiiijth
of February i582[-3]*. ' But since on a later page (p. x79) the
Master's personal expenses and fees are calculated only ' from the
laste of October I582 untill Ashewednesdaie,' it would seem that
the ' feates of Tumbling' put down for ' Newe yeares daie at night,'
and the ' Maske of Ladies' for' Twelf Eve night,' and the ' Historie
of Ferrar' for ' Twelfdaie at night' refer solely to the Christmas
i582- 3, and that the entries for the Christmas of 1581-2 are lost.
Returning to Calmers' payment-lists we find the entry
, ' i et April i582 pd the master of the children of the Chapel for tvo
plays on the last of December and Shrove Tuesday 20 marks, And
by way of reward 20 nobles.'
In ail probability these two plays are Carnase and Sapha and
29hao. The title-page of the latter informs us it was given on
a Shrove-Tuesday ; the difference between New Year's Eve (' the last
of December ') and ' nev yeares day' of the CanMasfle title-page may
be due to a natural mistake; and the title-pages of both plays
announce them as given by the Chapel Children in conjunction with
the Paul's Boys. Lyly had as yet no regular official connexion with
the latter. If he received anything at ail as author, it would be from
the master of the Chapel Children, to whom payment for the joint
efforts of the two companies was ruade.
But though Nev Year's Eve or New Year's Day of Christmas
i58i-2 be the date of production at Court, that at Blackfriars was
earlier, as is clear from the opening of the Prologue at Court. In
the Blackfriars' Prologue Lyly excuses his play on the ground of

13oswell's llalone's Shakeseare, vol. iii. pp. 43-5.
Cunningbam, p. 67. Ctmningham, p. 67.
Ibid. pp. 67, 76, :86. Ibid. p.

' baste in performing.' We ma), perhaps infer that it was composed
in the latter part of I$8o, and produced somewhat hurriedly on the
popular stage in the hope of getting it accepted by the Master of
the Revels for the Court-festivities of that saine winter, $8o- ; but
that rime was lacking, either for Tylney to give it proper considera-
tion, or to perfect the actors or complete the properties, and soits
appearance at Court was deferred till the following Christmas.
It is worth mention that in EulhAues and Ais Etgland, p. 59,
occurs 'Appelles (loued} the counterfeit of Campasp%' a statement,
hardly warranted by Pliny's briefaccount, which, if hot a reminiscence
of one of the ballads mentioned under Sources, suggests that the play
,vas already in i579 partly written or planned. The number of
references to Apelles and the Greek painters in the prefatory matter
of Part II points the saine way, particularly the excuse alleged p. i,
for the delay in its appearance, that Euphues ' loytered, tarying many
a month in Italy viewing the Ladyes in a Painters shop '; and,
perhaps, the allusions to Apelles' unfinished Venus, pp. 6, 59, ao5 ;
cf. Camp. ii. a. i59-6I. (See Lire, vol. i. p. a3. )

Stage-history.-- Genest in his Account ofthe English Stage, i66o-
83o (i832 , vol. iii. pp. 3 t9-2°), notes the performance at Goodman's
Fields on February 22 and 23, I73, of a piece 'never acted belote,
Te Cynich, or lhe Force of Virtue... no doubt an alteration of
Alexander aut Cam2as2e written by Lilly,' which C, enest pro-
nounces 'superior to the generality of Lilly's plays.' He gives the
cast as follows : Cynick (Diogenes) = Huddy : Apdles = Giffard :
Manes = Morgan : Hephaestion = Havard : Parmenio = Beaumont:
Melippus = Bullock : Campaspe = Mrs. Giffard : Lais = Miss Smith:
the other characters omitted.

Place and Time in the Play. -- Inasmuch as the scene is laid
throughout in Athens, the Unity of Place may be said to be strictly
observed ; but it is vain to look in this play for any such consistent
view of the stage, as representing one and the self-same spot through-
out the piece, as is traceable in Gallaea and in dloter Jombie.
No economy can reduce the number of scenes below four. The first
must be placed in a suburb (i. x. z-2). The third is held at the
palace, as is clear from Diogenes' remark, il. 2. x23, which shows that
its locality must be regarded as distinct from that where he has placed
his tub ; cf. v. 4. 7 l. From Manes' proclamation, iii. 2. 54, we may

infer that the tub stands in the market-place. Apelles' direction
to Psyllus to 'stay heere at the window' (iii. i. 78), while he and
Campaspe retire into the studio, necessitates our regarding all the
scenes at his bouse as taking place indoors, in a hall or room from
which the studio opens ; and the distinction between the localities
of the tub and of Apelles' house is conflrmed by the long absence
of the Page whom Alexander dispatches, from the tub, to summon
Apelles (ii. 2. 777-154), and by the king's reference, in a scene where
he bas just been conversing at the tub, to his presence in a pre-
vious scene at Apelles' shop (v. 4- 95)- These evidences entirely
prevent out regarding the palace, the tub, and the studio as embraced
in a single scene which remains throughout the piece ; and compel
us, further, to recognize in Lyly's earliest play four at least of those
imaginary scene-transfers which marked the pre-Shakespearean stage.
Thus in i. 3- iio, which commences at the palace (il. 2. I22), the
philosophers, when Alexander bas left the stage, visit Diogenes at
his tub. The saine transition to the tub is made in ii. 2. i79 and
iii. 4- 45, the opening of both scenes being laid most naturally at
the palace ; while the latter of the two contains (1. 57) yet another
transition from the tub to the interior of Apelles' house (cf. 1. 774 and
v. 4- 94-5)- Transition from the palace to the tub is possibly to
be supposed also in v. 4. 37, though as it is hOt inevitable here
I have marked the locality as the market-place. In the first three
cases the transition is covered by the characters walking to and fro
upon the stage as they converse. Only four times in later work
does Lyly avail himself of this licence ; in Endt'mio, iv. 3. 44, 75,
near the end of Act iv of l'ne ll«oman in Inc 21[oone, vol. iii. p. 278,
and in Acts il. I. 75, iii. 757 of Zoves [etaraor2#hosis , pp. 3o8, 314 :
though in ça2#ho and ltao, v. I (end), Venus and Cupid bave
evidently walked some distance from Vulcan's forge, where the
scene most naturally commences.
Neither in this nor in any other of the plays save Iolner Bomkie
and Z'Ae IVoman in Inc 21[oone is the Unity of Time regarded.
"Fhough some of the scenes are continuous, and occasionally an
attempt is ruade to connect those of one Act with another by back-
reference (cf. iii. 2. 73- 4 with il. i. 64-5), yet general considera-
tions, such as the painting of the portrait, the development of
Alexander's and Apelles' passion, and the exchange of the martial
for the luxurious temper which Parmenio laments (iv. 3), require the
lapse of a considerable interval.

Played beefore the
ueene oEaitflie on
ne,,ycarcs day at night,by hot
6".)

lmprintedat London
for Thoms Cadman0
Sg4.

(DRAMATIS PERSONAE

ALEXANDER, King of Macedon.
HEVHAESTION, hi$ GeneraL
CLITUS»
PARMENIO
lf'arriors.
/I 1 LECTUS
ÆHRYGIUS
MELPUS, Cam«rlain fo Alexander.
PLATO
2kRl STOTLE,
DIOGENES
CHRYSIPPUS
CgAES, 29hil°s°2Olers"
CLEANTHES
,ANAXARCHUS
CRYSUS,
APV.LLV.S, a _Painter.
SOLINUS»
Citizens of Ath«ns.
SVLVlUS,
IERIM» }
/ilLO, Sons to Sylvius.
TRICO
GRANICHUS, Semant lo llalo.
MAtES, Ser,ant fo l)iogenes.
PSVLLtS, Apprentice fo Apelles.
Page to Alexander.
Citizens of Athens.
CAMPASPE,
TIMOCLEA, } Theban Cabtiver.
LAIS, a Courtezan.

SCENEA thens. )

, DR^t. P,Rs. list flrst supplied by Dodsley 6 CR','strs on. 19odsley
a S PSVLLUS, Apprentice, &e.] 5errant, &e. l_)ods, and F. : but sec i. a. 7t, ii, t. 3
3 t ScEtE--Athens su2Oplied by l_)ods.

THE PROLOGUE AT THE
BLACK FRYERS

HEY that feare the stinging of waspes make fannes of peacockes
tailes, whose spots are like eies. And £epidus, which coulde
not sleepe for the chatting of birdes, set vp a beaste, whose head
was like a dragon: and we which stande in awe 9f reporte, are
$ compelled to sette beefore out owle ]gallas shield, thinking by her
vertue to couer the others deformitie. It was a signe of famine, to
Aegypte, when Nilus flowed lesse then twelue Cubites, or more then
eighteene: and it may threaten dispaire vnto vs, if we be lesse
curious then you looke for, or more combersome. But as ïrheseus
xo being promised to be brought to an Eagles neast, and trauailing al
the day, found but a wrenne in a hedg, yet said, this is a bird : so
we hope, if the shower of our swelling mountaine seeme to bring
foorth some Eliphant, perfourme but a mouse, you will gently say,
this is a beast. Basill softly touched, yeeldeth a sweete sent, but
x5 chafed in the hand, a ranke sauour. Wee feare euen so that our
labours slylye glaunced on, will breede some content, but examined
to the proofe, small commendation. The haste in performing shall
bee our excuse. There went two nightes to the begetting oflfercules.
Feathers appeare not on the Phcenix vnder seauen monethes, and the
o mulbery is twelue in budding : but our trauailes are like the Hares,
who at one rime bringeth foorth, nourisheth, and engendreth againe ;
or like the broode of Trochilus, whose egges in the saine moment
that they are layd, become birdes. But howsoeuer we finish our
worke, we craue pard6, if we offend in marrer, and patience if we
2. transgresse in manners. We haue mixed mirth with counsell, and
discipline with delight, thinking it not amisse in the saine garden to
sowe pot-hearbes, that we set flowers. But we hope, as Harts that
cast their hornes, Snakes their skinnes, Eagles their bils, become
more fresh for any other labour : so our charge being shaken of, we
30 shalbe titre for greater matters. But least like the Mindyans, we
make our gares greater then our towne, and that our play runnes
out at the preface, we here conclude : xvishing that although there
bee in your precise iudgementes an vniuersall mislike, yet wee maye
enioy by your woonted courtisies a general silêce.

who 744 3 chatting QQ2S: chattrïgQBLmods.; qy.?chanting 9
curious QQ s Dods. : curteous Q tL z . tdelt. 2 shower] shew 744 seeme
old eds. . ffelt. : seeming Zods. 6 slylye ai1 oId and mod. eds.; but qy. ? slightly

THE PROLOGUE AT THE COURT

"VEe are ashamed that our birde which fluttered by twilight
seeming a swan, should bec proued a Batte set against the
sunne. But as Iulffter placed Silenus Asse among the starres, and
.qlcebiades couered his pictures beeing Owles and Apes, with a
courtaine embroidered with Lions and Eagles, so are we enforced 5
vpon a rough discource to drawe on a smooth excuse ; resembling
Lapidaries, who.thinke to hide the crake in a stone by setting it
deepe in golde. The Gods supped once with poore Baucs, the
Persian kings sometimes shaued stickes: our hope is your heigh-
nesse wil at this rime lend an eare to an idle pastime. Apion raising o
]]»nere from hell, demanded onely who was his father, and we
calling llexandêr from his graue, seeke onely who was his loue.
Whatsoeuer we prescrit, s'e wish it may be thought the daunsing of
Agrlppa his shadowes, 'ho in the moment they were seene, were
of any shape one woulde conceiue : or Lynces, who hauing a quicke ,
sight to discerne, haue a short memorie to forget. With vs it is like
to fare, as with these torches, which giuing light to others, consume
themselues : and wee shewing delight to others, shame our selues.
x fluttered QQ2 s : fluttcreth Q4 131. mods. swan] swallow Dais.
these ont. 1744

CAMPASPE

ACTUS PRIMUS

SCH/ENA PRIMA.--( Outside lire wall$ of Athens. )
CLYTUS, PERME-IO, TIMOCLEA, CAMPASPE, ALEXANDER,
HEPHESTION.
(Enler CLITUS and PARMENIO. >
Clitus. r'24rmem'o I cannot tel whether I should more com-
. mend in Alexanders victorles, courage, or curtesie, in
the one being a resolution without feare, in the other a liberality
aboue custome: Thebes is rased, the people hOt racked, towers
5 throwne down, bodies hOt thrust aside, a conquest without conflict,
and a cruell warre in a milde peace.
Par. C'lus, it becommeth the sonne of Philli] to be none other
then Alexander is : therfore seeing in the father a fui perfection, who
could haue doubted in the son an exceIIencle ? For as the moone
xo can borrow nothing els of the sunne but light, so of a sire, in whome
nothing but vertue was, what coulde the childe receiue but singular ?
it is for Turkies to staine each other, not for Diamondes ; in the one
to bee made a difference in goodnes, in the other no comparison.
Clilus. You mistake mee 2armenio, if whilest I commend Alex-
i5 ander, you imagine I call jOMllip into question ; vnlesse happely
you conjecture (which none of iudgment will conceiue) that because
I like the fruit, therefore I heaue at the tree, or coueting to kisse the
child, I therfore go about to poyson the teat.
Par. I but C1),tus, I perceiue you are borne in the East, and
ao neuer laugh but at the sunne rising, which argueth though a duetie
where you ought, yet no great deuotion where you might.
ACTUS PRIMUS . . . Athens] Tte division into Mets and Scenes is ttat of te
second and ai1 succeedin.ç editions. The locaIities of te several scenes are flrst
marked in this 4 rased Q* Zodx. : raysed QQu : razed BI. F. A'elt.
thurst Q I2 Turkies QQS4 11. (cf. p. 404 1. I4) : turquois Z)ods. : Reed
ml#arts Turkes from the earliest quarto I 5 happely QQ : happily BL P. A'e/t. :
haply 19ods. 2o sun-rising 19ods. ai where "] were Q

31 8 A Ml-'Abl'L _ACT !
Clitu«. We will rnake no controuersie of that which there ought
to be no question ; onely this shal be the opinion of vs both, that
none was worthy tobe the father of Mlexamler but 29h«71ijb, nor any
meete to bee the sonne of 29hilliz# but Alexander. "5
29af. Soft Clytus, behold the spolies & prisoners! a pleasaunt
sight to vs, because profit is ioyned with honour ;not much paineful
to them, because their captiuîtie is eased by mercy.
( lç.nter TI.XtOCLEA, CAtPASPE, a,ith other captives, and soils,
guarded. )
Z'imo. Fortune, thou didst neucr yet deceiue verrue, because
vertue neuer yet did trust fortune. Sworde and tire wil| neuer get 30
spoyle, where wisdome and fortitude beares sway. O Thebes, thy
walles were raysed by the sweetnesse of the harpe, but raced by the
shrilnes of the trumpet. Mlexamler had neuer corne so neere the
wals, had EzOaminondas walkt about the walles ; and yet might
the Thebanes haue beene mery in there streetes, if he had beene to 35
watch their towers. But destinie is se|dome foreseene, neuer pre-
uented. We are here now captiues, whose neckes are yoaked by
force, but whose harts can not yeelde by death. Corne Canas2oe
and the test, let vs hOt be ashamed to cast out eyes on him, on whom
wee feared hOt to cast our dartes. 4o
29af. Madame, you neede not doubt, it is Mlexander, that is the
conquerour.
2"imo..41ex. hath ouercome, not conquered.
29af. To bring al vnder his subiection is to cquer.
2"imo. He cannot subdue that which is diuine. 4
_Par. Thebes was hOt.
Timo. Vertue is.
Clitus. Mleaander as he tendreth vertue, so he will you ; he
drinketh not bloud, but thirsteth af ter honor, he is greedy of victory,
but neuer satisfied with mercy. In fight terrible, as becometh a cap- 5o
taine ; in conqueste milde, as beseemeth a king. In al thing% then
which nothing can be greater, he is Mkxander.
Cam. Then if it be such a thing to be llexander, I hope it shalbe
no miserable things to be a virgin. For if he saue out honors, it is
more thê to restore our goods. And rather doe I wish hee preserue $
27 notalloldandmod, eds. 2 raced Q: rasedQQA?L19ods.'.: razed
A'elt. 39 on x QS rest : one Q 4t hot oto. Q af ter i QQi s lace
a needless comnta 54 thing QS r«st 5 hee.] he'd/9ods.

our fame, then out lyues ; which if he do, w, ee will confesse there tan
be no greater thing then to be Alexander.
(Enter ALEXANOEI% HEI'rlAESTION, and Atterdants.)
Alex. Clitus, are these prisoners ? of whoece these spoiles ?
Citus. Like your maiesty, they are prisoners, & of Thebes.
60 Alex. Of what calling or reputation ?
Clitus. I know noth but they seeme to be Ladies of honor.
Alex. I wil know. Madam, of whence you are I know : but who,
I cannot tell.
2"mo. Alexander, I am the sister of Theagenes, who fought a battell
65 with thy father before the City of Chyronie, where he died, I say
which nOe ch gainsay, valihfly.
Alex. Lady, there seeme in your words sparkes of your brothers
deedes, but woorser fortune in your life then his death: but feare
not, for you shall liue without violence, enemies, or necessitie: but
7o what are you fayre Lady, another sister to Theagines ?
Cam. No sister to Z'heagines, but an humble hand-maid to Alex-
ander, borne of a meane parentage, but to extreame fortune.
Alex. Well Ladies, for so your vertues shew you, whatsoeuer your
birthes be, you shalbe honourably entreated. Athens shall be your
;5 Thebes, & you shal hOt be as abjectes of warre, but as subiectes to
Alexander. _Permenio, conducte these honourable Ladies into the
Citie : charge the souldiers hot so much as in wordes to offer them
any offence, and let all wants be supplyed, so farre forth as shalbe
necessary for such persons & my prisoners.
Exeunt PARME. ¢aiMiuL
Zo ttehestion, it resteth now that we haue as great care to gouerne in
peace, as conquer in war : that whilest armes cease, artes may flourish,
and ioyning letteÆs with launces, we endeuor to be as good Philoso-
phers as soldiers, knowing it no lesse praise to be ,,vise, the commen-
dable to be vaillant.
8 s He. ¥our Maiestie therin sheweth that you haue as great desire
to rule as to subdue : & needes must that common wealth be fortu-
nate, whose captaine is a Philosopher, and whose Philosopher is
a Captaine.
Exeunt.

65 Chyronie Q: Chyeronie Q: Chyeronte Q4 ll. Dods. F..
rongly reors QQt as reading Chieonie 6 seems 744
objects 17 8 h " ara. 131. t;. Kdt.

eed (I78o)
75 abiectes]

320 I_ _#t IVi. t'_#t t" E, LACT I
SCH/EN'A SECUNDA.--(A SlreeL)
(.Enter) IIANES, GRANICHUS, PSYLLUS.
AZanes. I serue in steede of a maister, a mouse, whose house is
a tub, whose dinner is a crust, and whose bed is a boord.
a°syllus. Then art thou in a state of life, which Philosophers com-
lnend. A crumme for thy supper, an bande for thy cup, and thy
clothes for thy sheetes. For 2Vatura pauds contenla. 5
Gran. A/fanes, it is pittie so proper a man should be ca.st away
vppon a Philosopher: but that Z)ioKenes that dogge should haue
A[anes that dogbolt, it grieeueth nature and spiteth arte, the one
hauing found thee so dissolute, absolute I would say, in body, the
other so single, singular in minde. 0
A[anes. Are you mery ? it is a signe by the trip of your tongue,
and the toyes of your head, that you haue done that to day, which
I haue hOt done these three dayes.
Psyllus. What is that ?
A[anes. Dined. 5
Çran. I thinke Diogenes keepes but cold cheere.
A[anes. I would it were so, but hee keepeth neither hot nor cold.
Gran. What then, luke warme ? That made -[anes runne from
his maister last day.
Psyll«s. A[anes had reason : for his name foretold as much. 2o
A[anes. My namc ? how so, sir boy ?
Psyllus. ¥ou know that if is callcd [ons, d ntouendo, bccausc if
standcs still.
A[anes. Good.
i°syllus. And thou art namcd [anes, à rnanendo, bcccausc thou 25
runst away.
A[anes. Passing rcasons ! I did hot runnc awayc, but retire.
Psyllus. To a prison, bccausc thou woldcst hauc Icisurc fo contcm-
plate.
[anes. I will proue that my body was immortall : beccausc if was 0
in prison.
Gran. As how ?
A[anes. Didde your maisters neuer teach you that the soule is
immortall ?
Gran. Yes. 35
a boord is a bed QQxss 14 What is Q: Whats Qs test IS lucke
warme Q" That] What 744 x 9 the last Q BI. mods. 27 reasons, ddeds.

a...,j ISAMPASPE
21aranes. And the body is the prison of the soule.
Gran. True.
21aranes. Why then, thus to make my body immortal, I put it to
prison.
40 Gran. Oh bad !
}gsyllus. Excellent iii !
21aranes. You may see how dull a fasting wit is : therfore }gsyllu
let vs go to supper with Granichus : }91ato is the best fellow of al
Phylosophers. Giue me him that reades in the moming in the
45 schoole, and at noone in the kitchin.
}gsyllus. And me.
Gran. Ah sirs, my maister is a king in his parlour for the body,
and a God in his study for the soule. Among ail his menne he
commendeth one that is an excellent Musition, then stand I by,
5o and clap another on the shoulder, and say, this is a passing good
Cooke.
ranes. It is well doone Granictus; for giue me pleasure that
goes in at the mouth, not the eare ; I had rather fill my guttes then
my braines.
5 }gsyllus. I serue Aelles, whoe feedeth mee as 19ioKenes doth
21[anes; for at dinner the one preacheth abstinence, the other com-
mendeth counterfeiting : when I would eat meat, he paintes a spit,
& whê I thirst, O saith he, is hot this a faire pot ? and points to
a table whiche c6teines the banquet of the Gods, where are many
6o dishes to feede the eie, but hOt to fill the gut.
Gran. What doost thou then ?
29syllus. This doeth hee then, bring in many examples that some
haue liued by sauours, & proueth that much easier it is to fatte by
colours : and telles of birdes that haue beene fatted by painted grapes
in winter : & how many haue so fed their eies with their mistresse
picture that tlaey neuer desired to take food, being glutted with the
delight in their fauours. Then doth he shew me co0terfeits, such ag
haue surfeited with their filthy & lothsome vomits, and with the riotous
Bacchanalles of the God t?acchus, & his disorderly crew, which are
painted al to the life in his shop. To c6clude, I fare hardly, thogh
I go richly, which maketh me when I shuld begin to shadow a Ladies
face, to draw a Lambes head, & sometime to set to the bod¥ of
38 thus] this BI. to QQt: in
m. B1. 6 3 fatte] grow fat

a maide a shoulder of mutton: for semer anfmus meus est in
atinis.
2kranes. Thou aR a God to me: for could I e but a Cookes 7S
shop pated, I would make me eyes fatte butter. For I hue
nought but sentences to fil my maw, lures occidit craula uàm
Kladius, musa ieiunantibus arnica: repletion killeth deoetely: & an
old saw of absthence, crate : The belly is the hds graue. Thus
with sayings, not th mte, he meth a gMly mafrey. 8o
Gran. But how doest thou then liue ?
anes. With fine iests, sweet aire, & the ds aimes.
Gran. We, for this time I will smnch thy gut, & amg pots &
platters thou shalt e what it is to sexe la¢o.
Psyllus. For ioy of Granicus lets ring. ss
anes. My voice is as cleare in the euening in the mon b
Gran. Another commi of emptes.

Gran.

Psyllus.

SONGo

O For a Bowle of fatt Canary,
Rich Palermo, sparkling Sherry,
Some Nectar else, from [uno'$ Daiery,
O these draughts would make vs merry.

O for a wench, (I deale in faces,
And in other dayntier things,)
Ticlded am I with her Embraces,
Fine dancing in such Fairy Ringes.

O for a plump fat leg of Mutton,
Veale, Lambe, Capon, Pigge, & Conne}',
1None is happy but a GIutton,
1None an Asse but who wants mone'.

Wines (indeed,) & Girles are good,
But braue victuais feast the bloud,
For wenches, wine, and Lusty cheere,
Ioue would leape down to surfer heere.

9 °

I00

( Exeunt. )

. 79 Soc'rates oldd«.: by ef. $ocrates Dods. greue {{*s
Granichus )) : of Granicus L)ods. : of it Granichus BI. E. Kelt.
TMs zvord a/on, in (( 1744 ; Bl. flrst £iving tle zvord of te son,

85 of
s. v. $ong.
6 fat oto. F.

$CHamA TERT1A.--(InteHor o.[ the Palaee (with traner o
are/le ai L IIO).)
MELIPUS, PLATO, ARISTOTLE, CRISIPPUS» CRATE CLEANTHES
ANAXARCHUS» ALEXANDER HEPHESTION PARMENIO» CLUS
( Enler MELIPPVS.)
eli. I had neuer sueh a doe to wame sehollers to eome before
a king. First, I cam to Cris#us, a 11 lne old mad man, lling
him presently to appre before lexander ; he toode mfing on my
face, neither mouing his eies nor his body ; I ging him to giue
oeme answer, hee tooke vp a ke, te downe, and ide nothing :
Melissa his maid told me it was his manner, and that offêtimes she
w fain to thst meate into his mouth: for that he wold rather
se thê ese studie. Well thoght I, seeing boekish men are so
bloesh, & so t clarkes such simple courtiers, I 1 neither be
paer of the e6ons nor their eommêdations. Ff6 thence
I oeme to laIa & to MHsIoIk, and to diuerse other, none refusing
to corne, sauing an olde obscure fellowe, who sitting in a tub tued
towardes the sunne, rêade Greek to a yong boy ; him when I willed
to appeare before Mlexander, he answed, if Mlexander wold fae
soe me, let him eome to mee; if le of me, lette him come to me ;
whaoeuer it be, let him corne to me : why, said I, he is a king; he
swered, why, I ara a Philosopher ; why, but he is lexander ;
I, but I ara iogene». I w halle an to see one so erked in
his shape, to be erabbed his yings. So g my way, I
thou shalt repent it, if thou e6mt not to Mlexander: nay, smiling
answered he, Mlexaer may repent it, ff he eome noE to iogenes ;
vee must be sought, not offered: and so tung himself to his
oel, he unted I know not what, like a pig vnder a tub. But I must
gone, the Philosophers are eomming. Exit.

(Enter PLATO, ARISTOTLE, CLEANTHES, ANAXARCHUS, CRATES, and
CRvsivvvs.)
Plato. It is a difficult controuersie, 4ristotle, and rather to be
wondred at then beleeued, how natural causes æhould worke super-
natural effects.
4Hs. I doe hOt so much stand vpon the apparition is seene in
9 & o (Q Dods. : so ara. BI. F. lelt, x I others Dods. a8 is oto. 2od$.

34 IAM tAStI L^I
the Moone, neither the 29emon£um of Socrates, as that I cannot
by naturall reason giue any reason of the ebbing and flowing of the ]o
Sea, which makes me in the depth of my studies to crye out, O ens
enEum, miserere md.
tglato. Cleanthes and you attribute so touche to nature by searching
for things which are hOt to be found, that whilest you studie a cause
of your owne, you omitte the occasion it selfe. There is no man so 35
sauage in whom resteth hOt this diuine particle, that there is an
onmipotent, eternal, and deuine mouer, which may be cailed God.
Cleant. I ara of this minde, that that first mouer, which you
tearme God, is the instrument of ali the mouings, which we attribute
to nature. The earth which is masse, swimmeth on the sea, seasons 4o
deuided in themselues, fruits growing in themselues, the maiestie of
the skie, the whole firmament of the worid, & whatsoeuer els
appeareth miraculous, what man almost of meane capacity but can
proue it naturali ?
lnaxar. These causes shalbe debated at our Philosophers feast, 45
in which controuersie I wii take parte with lristotle, that there is
2rah«ra naturans, & yet hOt God.
Crates. And I with tglalo, that there is 19eus otEmus raaximus,
and hOt nature.
.-Iris. Here commeth Alexander. .o.

(Enter ALEXANDER, HEPHAESTION, PARMENIO, and CLITUS.)
llex. I see Hei#hestion , that these Philosophers are here attending
for vs.
I-/'ep. They were hot Philosophers, if they knew hot their dueties.
llex. But I much maruaile 19ioKenes shoulde be so dogged.
/-/ê/,. I doe hOt think but his excuse wilbe better then Meliilhus 5
message.
.4/ex. I will go see him lteihestion , because I long to see him
that would commaund llexander to corne, to whom al the world is
like to corne. lristotle & the rest, sithence my comming from Thebes
to Athens, from a place of conquest to a pailace of quiet, I haue 6o
resolued with my self in my court to haue as many Philosophers, as
I had in my camp soldiers. My court shalbe a schole, wherein I wil
haue vsed as great doctrine in peace, as I did in warre discipline.
29 as o/d eds. Dods. : so F. 38 that ] the 190ds. 48 Crates. Reed co-
ectingold eds. Craterus, i744 Crat. 53 were (gQ s i78o , llq 5 : are Q//L
744 F. 1(dt. : l¢eed wrongly re2torts Q L as rtading These for They knew
QQ Dods. : Imow Bl.F. If'elt. 8 commaund om. BL 6o of Som..

Aris. We are al here ready to be commaunded, & glad wè are
63 that we are commaunded : for that nothing better becommeth kings
thê literature, which maketh them come as neere to the Gods in
wisdome, as they do in dignitie.
Alex. It is so Aristotle : but yet there is among you, yea & of
your bringing vp, that sought to destroy llexander: Calistenes,
7o lristotle, whose treasons againste his prince shall hot bee borne out
with the reasons of his Phylosophy.
lris. If euer mischiefe entred into the heart of Calistenes, let
Calistenes surfer for it ; but that ,4ristotle euer imagined any such
thing of Calistenes, 2ffristotle doth denie.
75 2fflex. Well 2ffristotle, kindred may blind thee, and affection mee,
but in kinges causes I will hot stande to schollers arguments. This
meeting shalbe for a cOmandement, that you all frequent my courte,
instructe the young with rules, confirme the olde with reasons : lette
your liues be answerable to your learnings, leaste my proceedings by
8o contrary to my promises.
/are,#. ¥ou sayde you woulde aske euery one of them a question,
which yester night none of vs coulde aunswere.
2fflex. I will. 2lalo, of ail beastes, which is the subtillest ?
2lalo. That which man hetherto neuer knew.
85 Alex. Aristotle, how should a man be thought a God ?
2ffris. In doing a thing vnpossible for a man.
Alex. Crisippus, which was first, the day or the night ?
Chrys. The day, by a day.
2fflex. Indeede straunge questions must haue straung answeres.
90 Cleanthes, what say you, is life or death the stronger ?
Cie. Life, that suffereth so many troubles.
2fflex. Crates, how long should a man liue ?
Crates. Till he thinke it better to die then liue.
2fflex. 2ffnaxarchus, whether doth the sea or the earth bring forth
95 most creatures ?
2ffnax. The earth, for the sea is but a parte of the earth.
Alex. tIe2Oheslion , me thinkes they haue aunswered ail well, & in
such questions I meane often to trie them.
/-/. It is better to haue in your courte a wise man, then in your
io ground a golden mine. Therefore would I leaue war, to studie
wisdom, were I Alexander.
78 rules] rulers tL corrected by E. 79 by Q : be QQ 2L mods. 95
then ((,s: than to 131. mods.

3z 6 CAMPASPE
Akx. So would I, were I 11e2esEon. But corne, let vs go and
giue release, as I promised, to out Z'hea thralles.
2Exeun/(AI.Ex., HEPH., PARM., and CLIT.)
1g/a/o. Thou art fortunate .4ris/otle, that .4Ieacander is thy scholler.
Arfs. And you happy that he
Crys. I could like the man well, if he could be contêted to be
but a man.
Ads. He seeketh to draw neere to the Gods in knowledge, hot to
be a God.
(DIOGïmïS' tub is thrust on.)
191ara. Let us questi6 a litle with Diogenes, why he went hot wlth t to
vs to .41eander. Dioffenes, thou didst forget thy dutie, that thou
wentst hot with vs to the king.
19iog. (frorn his tub). And you your profession, that you went to
the king.
191ato. Thou takest as great pride to bee peeuish, as others doe
glory to bee vertuous.
Dioff. And thou as great honor being a Philosopher to bee
thought courtlike, as others shame that be courtiers, to be accounted
Philosophers.
Aris. These austere maners set a side, it is
didst counterfeate monye.
2Diog. And thou thy maners, in that thou didste not counterfeite
money.
Aris. Thou hast reason to c6temn the courte, being both in body
and mynde too crooked for a courtier.
Diog. As good be crooked, and endeuour to make my self
straight, from the court, as to be straight, and learne to be crooked
at the court.
Cra/es. Thou thinkest it a grace to be opposite against .41exander.
19iog. And thou to be iump with .41exander.
lnax. Let vs go : for in contemning him, ¢ee shall better please
him, than in wondring at him.
Cris. 2°la/o, what dost thou thinke of Z)iogenes
291ara. To be Socra/es furious. Let vs go.
xeunt 2°hiloso2bhi.
I0.1 thralles QQ Dods. : thrall l?I. . lfelt. Io 5 ail ef. yon 04/'I. matis.
$. D. [DIOGENE$' tub is thrust on.] hot in aërevious eds. 190dsley su##lied the absence
of any stage-direction in old eds. by Enter DIOGENE$» but sec note"" * I 3 Y °u
om. BL F. Kelt. ,aT to* om. Bl. tr. Kelt. ta9 Crates. QQ Reed : Crat.
I74 t : Cr. BL : Cris. #

ACTUS SECUNDUS

Sert/ENA PRIIA.(A Street.)
(Enter on one side) Dxoç,xs (wit a latern ; on te orner) PSYLLUS,
IV[ANES» GRANICHUS.
t'll. Behold J;fae$ where thy roadster is, seeking either
for bones for his dinner, or pinnes for his sleeues. I wil go salure
him.
A4rae$. Doe so ; but mure, hot a woord you sawe
Gran. Then stay thou behinde, and I will goe with syllu$.
t'syllus. Ail halle Diogenes to your proper person.
A)g. Ail hate to thy peeuish conditions.
Gran. 0 Dogge.
t$yllu$. What dost thou seeke for here ?
Diog. For a man and a beast.
Gran. That is easie without thy light to be round, bee hot
these men ?
Diog. Called men.
Çran. What beast is it thou lookest for ?
'og. The beast my man,
t'syllus. He is a beast indeede that will serue thee.
Diog. So is he that begat thee.
Gran. What wouldest thou do, if thou shouldest find
Diog. Giue him leaue to doo as hee hath done before.
Gran. Whats that ?
l?iog. To runne away.
l'syllus. Why, ha.st thou no neede of 3ranes
Diog. It were a shame for l?iogene« to haue neede of )liane«, &
for _&fane« to haue no need of l?iogene«.
Gran. But put the case he were gone, wouldest thou entertaine
any of vs two ?
IDiog. Vpon condition.
.Psyllus. What ?
A3iog. That you should tell me wherefore any of you both were
good.
Gran. Why, I am a scholler, and well seene in Phylosophy.
s.Fllu$. ,Aad I a prentice, and well seene in painting.
4 afler word add that Q ll. mods.

vDiog. Well thefi Granichus, bee thou a painter to amend thine yll
face, & thou lsyllus a Phylosopher, to correct thine euil manners.
But who is that, 21iranes ?
21[ams. I care hot who I were, so I were hot dane$.
Gran. You are haken hardie.
Psyllus. Let vs slip aside Grani«hus, to see the salutation betweene
.3irane$ and his maister.
3iog. 2t[anes, thou knowest the last day
drink in my hd, because it was superfluous ; now I am determinecl
to put away my man, and serue my selfe : Quia non egeo lui vel te.
.3iranes. Maister, you know a while a goe I tan awaye» so doe
| meane to do againe, quia sdo tibi non esse argenture.
3iog. I know I haue no mony, neither will
for I was resolued longe sithence to put away. both my slaues, money
and 2t[anes.
[anes. So was I determined to shake of both my dogs, hunger
and 13iogenes.
syllus. 0 sweete consent beetweene a crowde and a Iewes harp.
Gran. Come, let vs reconcile them.
tsyllus. It shall hot neede: for this is their vse, nowe do they
dine one vpon another. Exit DIOGENE$.
Gran. How now 2t[anes, art thou gone from thy maister
dl[anes. Noe, I didde but nowe bynde my selfe to him.
tsyllus. Why, you were at mortall Jars.
dl[anes. In faith no, we brake a bitter iest one vppon another.
Gran. Why, thou art as dogged as he.
syllus. My father knew them both litle whelpes.
d[anes. Well, I will hie mee after my maister. 60
Gran. Why, is it supper time with 13iogenes
31fanes. I, with him at al times when he hath meate.
tsyllus. Why then, euery man to his home, and lette vs steale out
againe anone.
Gran. "Vhere shall we meete ? 6
2syllus. Why, at c/le, *;endiili susensa hedera non est o2us.
;lIanes. 0 Psyllus, haeo te Ioco 2Oarentis, thou blessest me.
.Exeunt.
37 Gran.-] Maes. 185 wrongly 45 ]3 oto. 21. . 6a time al. ./te#.
66 Aloe] I emend Ala of al t arecedit K eds. Keltie oUd th¢ errer haedtra a/l
eds. excet hoedera

SCHaNA SECUNDA.--(Interior o) r t alace (with tranffer to the
[arket-le al L 9)-)
&LEXANDER, HEPHESTION, Page, DIOGENES, APELLES.
(Enter ALEXANDER, HEPHAESTION, and Page.)
Mlex. Stand aside sir boy, till you be call. st«bn, how
doe yoe like the sweete face of Ca»ase ?
e. I cannot but commend the stoute courage of odea.
Mlex. Without doubt Camase had some great man to her father.
. You know imodea d agis to her brother.
Mlex. im«lea stil thy mouth ! a thou not in loue ?
He. Not I.
Mlex. Not with imodea you meane ; wherein you reoemble the
pwing, who crieth most where her net is not. And so you lead
me fm espying your loue with Camase, you cry imodea.
. Could I well subdue kingdomes, I oen my thoughtes ;
or were I fae from ambition, as I ara fro loue ; al the world
wold account mee as valiant in armes, I know my lf moderate
in afftion.
Mlex. Is loue a vice ?
. It is no veue.
Mlex. Well, now shalt thou see what small difference I make
tweene Mlexander and eson. And sith thou hte beene
alwayes paer of my tfiumphes, thou shalt be parker of my
o toêtes. I loue, estion, I loue! I loue Camas, a thing
fae vnfit for a Maconn, for a king, for Alexander. Why
ngt thou down thy head estion ? blushg to heare that
which I ara hot asham to tell.
. Might my wordes craue pardon, and my counoel croire,
I woulde both discharge the duetie of a subiect, for so I am, & the
oce of a fend, for so I will.
Mlex. Speake estion ; for whatsoeuer spoken, estion
speeth to Mlexanr.
. I can not tel lexander, whether the repose be more
smeful to be heard, or the oeuse soowfull to be
What I is the sonne of illi, king of Macon, become the subiect
of Camas, the oeptiue of Thebes ? Is that minde, whose grtnes
the world could not conme, drawn within the compæ of an idle
Mlufing eie ? Wil you handle the spindle with r«ules, when you
you BI. nw2*. 9 you] fo 744 ao I loue oa. 8o, 18 5

33 ° CAMPASPE [ACT tf
should shake the speare with AcMlles# Is the warlike sofld of$$
drumme and trumpe turned to the soif noyse of lire and lute ? the
neighing of barbed steeds, whose loudnes filled the ayre with terrour,
and whose breathes dimmed the sunne with smoak, conuerted to
dilicate tunes and amorous glaunces ? O Alexander, that soif and
yeelding minde should not bee in him, vhose ha.rd a.nd vnconquered 40
heart bath made so many yeelde. But you loue, ah griefe! but
whom? Ca»ase, ah shame! a maide forsooth vnknowne,
vnnoble, & who can tell whether immodest ? whose eies are framed
by arte to inamour, & whose heart was made by nature to inchaunt.
I, but she is bewtiful ; yea, but hot therefore chast: I, but she is
comly in al parts of the body : yea, but she may be crooked in mme
part of the mind: I, but she is 4se, yea, but she is a. woman!
Bewty is like the blackberry, which seemeth red, when it is not ripe,
resembling pretious stoês that are polished with honny, which the
smother they look, the sooner they breake. It is thought wonderful .o
among the se_amen, that Mugil, of all fishes the swiftest, is found in
the belly of the Bret, of al the slowest : And shall it not seeme
monstrous to wisemen, that the hearte of the greatest conquerour
of the worlde, should be found in the handes of the weakest creature
of nature ? of a woman ? of a captiue ? Hermyns haue faire skinnes,
but fowle liuers ; Sepulchres fresh colours, but rottê bones ; women
faire faces, but false heartes. Remember dllexander thou hast
a campe to gouerne, not a. chamber ; fall not from the armour of
21Jars to the armes of I/ënas, from the fiery assaults of war, to the
maidêly skirmishes of loue, from displaying the Eagle in thine 6o
ensigne, to set downe the sparow. I sighe Alexander that v¢here
fortune could not conquer, folly shuld ouercome. But behold al the
perfection that may be in Ca»as2#e ; a hayre curling by nature, not
arte; sweete alluring eies; a. faire face made in dispite of Vtnus,
and a stately porte in disdaine of Iuno; a witte a.pt to conceiue, and
quick to answere; a skin as soft as silk, and as smooth as let
a longe white hand, a fine litle foote ; to conclude, all pattes
anserable to the best part--what of this ? Though she haue
heauenly giftes, vertue and bewtie, is she hOt of earthly mettall,
flesh and bloud ? You Akxandtr that would be a. God, shew your
selfe in this worse then a man, so soone to be both ouerseene and
ouertaken in a. womâ, whose false teares know their true rimes,
44 arte QQs l?1. mods. : nature (t 4 6 yea, oto. 271. F. Aélt.
a bel. mugil 744-

sc. nJ CAMPASPE 33 t
whose smooth words wound deeper then sharpe swordes. There is
no surfeit so dangerous as that of honney, nor anye poyson so
75 deadly as that of loue ; in the one phisicke cannot preuaile, nor in
the other counsell.
,4lex. My case were light e/estin, and not worthy to be called
loue, if reason were a remedy, or sentences could salue, that sense
OEnot conceiue. Litle do you know, and therefore sleightly do you
So regarde, the dead embers in a priuate pers0, or liue coles in a great
prince, whose passions and thoughts do as far exceede others in
extremitie, as their callings doe in Maiestie. An Eclipse in the
Sunne is more then the falling of a starre ; none can conceiue the
torments of a king, vnlesse hee be a king, whose desires are not
$5 inferior to their dignities. And then iudge He/estion if the agonies
of loue be dangerous in a subiect, whether they be not more then
deadly vnto ,4lexander, whose deep and not to be conceiued sighes,
cleaue the hart in shiuers ; whose woded thoughtes can neither be
expressed nor endured. Cease then Heflesion, with arguments to
90 seeke to refel that, which with their deitie the Gods cannot resist ;
& let this suffice to aunswere thee, that it is a king that loueth and
,4lexander, whose affecti6s are not to be measured by reason, being
immortall, nor I feare me to be borne, being intollerable.
Are. I must needs yeeld, when neither reason nor counsell can
ç» be heard.
Alex. Yeeld He/]wstion, for Alexander doth loue, and therefore
must obtaine.
Aê. Suppose she loues hOt you? affection commeth hOt by
appointmente or birth ; & then as good hated as enforced.
oo Alex. I am a king, and will commaund.
/-/ë.#. ¥ou may, to yeelde to luste by force ; but to consent to loue
by feare, you cannot.
Ikx. Why, what is that which Ilexander may hOt conquer as he
list ?
,o //é.#. Why, that which you say the Gods cannot resiste, Loue.
Ilex. I ara a conquerour, she a captiue ; I as fortunate, as she
faire: my greatnes may aunswere her wants, and the giftes of my
minde the modestie of hers: Is it hot likely then that she should
loue ? Is it hOt reasonable ?
lto ArAre. You say that in loue there is no reason, & therfore there can
be no likelyhood.
Mlex. No more He2Oestion: in this case I wil vse mine owne

33 a CAMPASPE [,c'r r
counsell; and in ail other thine aduice : thou maist be a good soldier,
but neuer good louer. Cal my Page. (Page advances.) Sirha, goe
presently to A?tllts, and wiil him to corne to me without either
delay or excuse.
age. I goe. ( Exit )
( The tub is thrust on.)
llex. In the meane season to recreate my spirits, being so neare,
we will goe see Diogenes. And see where his tub is. Diogenes ?
Z)iog. Who calleth ?
llex. 41exander. How happened it that you woulde hOt corne
out of your tub to my palace ?
29iog. Because it was as far from my tub to your pallace, as from
your palace to my tub.
4lex. llqy thê doest thou ow no reuerêce to kings ?
Diog. No.
,41ex. Why so ?
Diog. Because they be no Gods.
,41ex. They be Gods of the earth.
Diog. Yea, Gods of earth.
,41ex. lato is hot of thy mind.
l)iog. I ara glad of it.
,41ex. Why ?
29iog. Because I would haue none of 29iagenes minde but
Diogenes.
,41ex. If Mlexander haue any thing that may pleasure 1)iogenes,
let me know, and take it.
vDiog. Then take hot from me, that you cannot giue me, the light
of the world.
,,//ex. What doest thou want ?
.Diog. Nothing that you haue.
lltx. I haue the world at commaund.
Diog. And I in contempt.
llex. Thou shait liue no longer than I wili.
l)iog. But I will die whether you wili or no.
llex. How should one leam to be content ?
29iog. Vnlearn to couet.
4lex. arfehestion, were I not 4/exander, I wolde wishe to be
19iogener.
1 i 4 s. i). [Page 'dvanccs] old eds. bave no stage-direttion, l)ods, sulied Enter
l)age x 9 Diogenes» and QQ ao callath Q x4 will "] shall Q. BI. mods.

..... ,.lr ar ,'. 333
5o /are. He is dogged, but discrete ; I cannot tel how sharpe, with
a kinde of sweetenes ; fui of wit, yet too too wayward.
.dlex. Diogenes, wh I come this way again, I will both see thee,
and confer with thee.
liog. Doe. (Re-enter Page with APELLES. )
5 .dlex. But here commeth 2ffi#elles : how now Ml#elles, is Venus face
yet finished ?
2ffi#el. Not yet : Bewty is hOt so soone shadowed, whose perfection
commeth not within the compasse either of cunning or of colour.
2fflex. Well, let it test vnperfect, & come you with me, where I wil
6a shewe you that finished by nature, that you. haue beene trifling about
by art. (Exent.)

ACTUS TERTIUS

SCHENA PRIMA.--(Room l'n AVELLES' tfouse.)
(Enter) AVELLES, CAMVASVE, (and PSVLLUS).
2ffi#el. Lady, I doubt whether there bee any colour so fresh, that
may shadow a countenance so faire.
Cami#. Sir, I had thought you had beene commaunded to paint
with your hand, hOt to glose with your tongue ; but as I haue heard,
it is the hardest thing in painting to set down a hard fauour, v;hich
maketh you to dispair of my face ; and then shall you haue as great
thanks to spare your labour, as to discredit your arte.
Ai#el. Mistresse, you neither differ from your selfe nor your sex :
for knowing your owne perfection, you seeme to dispraise that which
men most c6mend, drawing th by that meane into an admiration,
where feeding them selues they fa|l into an extasie ; your modestie
being the cause of the one, and of the other, your affections.
Cami#. I am too young to vnderstand your speache, thogh old
enough to withstand your deuise: you haue bin so long vsed to
colours, you cA do nothing but colour.
2ffi#el. Indeed the colours I see, I feare wil alter the colour I haue :
but corne madam, will you draw neere, for .dlexander will be here
anon. Psyllus, stay you heere at the window, if anye enquire for
.me, aunswere, 2Von lubet esse dotal Exeun.t ( into studio).
15o how]ttow, x744: how: x78o, x825. Theoldeds. havenoslo2 54 S.D.
IRe-enter Page &¢.] Veed sulied Enter A.PELLES I6I S.D. [Eeunt]
"-rulied Lods. s.P. [and PSYLLUS] required 6y 1. I8 4 haue oto. E.
:8 your ] you (2 la affections] perfections 2)ods.

yll el). It is a|wayes my maisters fashon, when any far
Gentlewoman is to be drawne within, to make race to stay without.
But if he shuld paint aruittr like a Bul, like a Swan, like an Eagle,
then must 'syllus with one hand grind colours, and with the other
hold the candle. But let him alone, the better he shadowes her $
face, the more will he burne his owne heart. And now if a manne
cold meet with 3fanes, 'ho, I dare say, lookes as leane as if Diogenes
dropped out of his nose--
(En/er MANZS. )
Jfan«S. And here cornes Jfanes, whoe bath as touche meate in his
maw, as thou hast honestie in thy head. o
Psyllus. Then I hope thou art very hungry.
Jfan«s. They that know thee, know that.
29syllus. But doest thou not remember that wee haue certaine lic0ur
to conferre withall.
J[anes. I, but I haue buslnes ; I must go cry a thing, fS
Psyllus. Why, what hast thou lost ?
J[anes. That which I neuer had, my dinner.
29syllus. Foule lubber, wilt thou crye for thy dinner ?
2[anes. I meane, I must cry ; hOt as one would saye cry, but cry,
that is make a noyse. o
_Psyllus. Why foole, that is al one ; for if thou cry, thou must
needes make a noise.
2V[anes. Boy, thou art deceiued. Cry hath diuerse significations,
and may bee alluded to manye things ; knaue but one, and can be
applyed but to thee. 25
_Psyllus. Profound x]£anes !
J[anes. Wee Cynickes are madde fellowes, didste thou not finde
I did quip thee ?
_Psyllus. No verely ! why, what is a quip ?
Jfanes. Wee great girders cal it a short saying of a sharp witte, o
with a bitter sense in a sweete word.
_Psyllus. How canst thou thus diuine, deuide, define, dispute, and
all on the suddaine ?
2 to s oto. x825 6 ai any Q' BI. modr. 7 eold] should F. 3 diver
Dods. a 4 to 6efom one F. Ktlt. 29 whats Q BI. mods. 32 Howl r44

. .j vxr2xrl 335
.,ne. Wit wll haue his swln; I ara bewitcht nsprd, inamed,
$ infected.
2syllus. Well, then will hot I tempt thy gybing spirite.
2hranes. Do hOt _lOsyllus, for thy dull head will bee but a grind-
stone for my quick wit, which if thou whet with ouerthwarts,
2herfjst', ac/um est dt te. I haue drawne bloud at ones braines with
4o a bitter bob.
_lOsyllus. Let me crosse my selfe : for I die, if I crosse thee.
2hranei. Let me do my busines, I my self am afraid, least my wit
shouldwaxe warm, and then must it needs consume some hard head
with fine & prety iests. I ara some times in such a vaine, that for
45 want of some dull pate to worke on, I begin to gird my selfe.
_lOsyllus. The Gods shield mee from such a fine fellowe, whose
words melt wits like waxe.
3fanes. Well then, let vs to the matter. In fayth my maister
me.aneth to morrow to fly.
$o _lsyllus. It is a lest.
31anes. Is it a lest to flye ? shouldest thou flïe so, soone thou
shouldest repent it in earnest.
syllus. Well, I will be the cryer.
3fanes and 2syllus one after an orner. O ys ! O ys ! O ys ! Al
$$ manner of men, women, or children, that will come to morow into
the market place, between the houres of nine and ten, shall seë
2)iogenes the Cynick flye.
( Z't last word is ronounced y MAIEs only.)
_lsyllus. I do not think he will flïe.
3fanes. Tush, sa)' flï.
6o 2syllus. Fly.
3fanes. Now let vs goe : for I will hot see him agalne til midnight,
I haue a back way into his tub.
Which way callest thou the backwaye, when euery way

_Psyllus.
is open ?
3f ale$.
2Os y llu s.

I meane to corne in at his back.
Well, let vs goe away, that wee ma), returne speedily.
2Exeunt.

36 I not F. lelt. 38 ouerwhartes Q: ouertwhartes )s 39 peristi
Ç)(*s .l so, soone] so sooue, old and mod. eds. 54 Manes... other so
old and mod. eds. s. ». [The last.., only] [ imert tltis on '.'s suKKes«ion
n a note

SCH,IA TER'rlA.--( 27te sarae. )
( The curtains of the central structure are withdrawn, discovering
Me studio with) AI'ELLES, CAMPASPE.
Apel. I shall neuer drawe your eies well, because they blind
mine.
Camp. Why thê, paint me without des, for I am blind.
Ael. Were you euer shadowed before of any ?
Camp. No. And would you could so now shadow me, that I S
might not be perceiued of any.
Ael. It were pittie, but that so absolute a face should furnish
Venus temple amongst these pictures.
Camp. What are these pictures ?
Apel. This is l_xeda, whom loue deceiued in likenes of a swan. ,o
Cami O. A faire woman, but a foule deceit.
Aikel. This is AIcmena, Vnto wh0 lupfter came in shape of Am-
ph/tri# her husband, and begat Itercules.
Camp. A famous sofine, but an infamous fact.
Aikel. He might do it, because he was a God. S
Camp. Nay, thcrefore if was euil| done, because hc was a God.
Ahel. This is L)anae, into whose prison lupiter drisled a golden
shewre, and obtained his desire.
Camp. Vhat Gold can make one yeelde fo desire ?
AieL This is Europa, whom Iupiter rauished ; this .4ntiopa. 2o
Camp. Were al the Gods like this lupiter ?
Apel. There were many Gods in this like Iupiter.
Camp. I thinke in those dayes loue was wel ratified among men
on earth, when lust was so fui authorised by the Gods in heauen.
Ael. Nay, you may imagine there wer womê passing amiable, uS
when there were Gods exceeding amorous.
Camp. Were women neuer so faire, mê wold be false.
Apel. Were womê neuer so false, men wold be fond.
Camp. What counterfeit is this, .4pelles ?
Apel. This is Venus, the Goddesse of loue. 3o
Camp. Vhat, be there also louing Goddesses ?
.4pel. This is she that hath power to commaunde the very affec-
tions of the heart.
IO ioue (Y*Bl. mods.: loue Q'*s 17 drisled QQ.,s: driz'ed Q*BI. 29ods. F.
I8 shewre QQ*s: showre Q*/TI. F.: shower Dods. z 9 What, cangold 744
What I gold c.an 1780, 18 5 base bel. desire 1744 24 fully Doars.

...... j AMPASPE 337
CaraO. How is she hired : by praier, by sacrifice, or bribs ?
3 lel. By praier, sacrifice, and bribes.
CaraO. What praier ?
lzel. Vowes irreuocable.
CarazO. What sacrifice ?
12el. Heartes euer sighing, neuer dissembling.
40 CarazO. What bribes ?
2410d. Roses and kisses : but were you neuer in loue ?
CarazO. No, nor loue in me..
lzel. Then haue you iniuried many.
Camz. How so ?
4 lel. Because you haue beene loued of many.
Camz. Flattered parchance of some.
/el. It is hot possible that a face so faire, & a wit so sharpe, both
without comparison, shuld hot be apt to loue.
Cam. If you begin to tip your tongue with cunning, I pray dip
o your pensil in colours ; and fall to that you must doe, hot that you
would doe. ( 2"e curtainç close.

SCH,NA QUARTA.m(Z'he 2alace (with #wo transfers, at ll. 40
and 7)-)
CLYTU$ PARMENIO ALEXANDER, HEPHESTION, CRISUS,
IOGENES APELLES CAMPASPE.
(Enter CLITUS and PARMENIO.)
CliPs. armenio, I OEnnot tel how it commeth to sse, that in
Akxander now a daies there oweth vnpafiêt kinde of life : in
the morning he is melancholy, at noone solomne, at ail times either
more sower or seuer% then he was accustomed.
ar. In king OEuses I rather loue to doubt then coniecture, and
think it better to be iomunt then inquisitiue : they haue long ees
and stretch armes, in whose heades sus#tion is a pofe, and to be
acsed is to be condemned.
CliPs. Yet beeene vs there ne be no dger to finde out
the cause : for that there is no malice to withstand it. It may be an
quenchable thite of conqueg meth him quiet : it is hOt
likly his long e bath Mtr his humour : that he should bee in
loue, it is hot imssible.
43 iniufied old eds. : jured ods. P. s.D. [The curtas close] direc-
l f exil in ious eds. 13 not om. l. P.
» n Z

338
. In loue Çl ? no» no, it is as farre from hs thought as
treason in ours ; he whose euer waking eye, whose neuer tyred I
heart, whose body patient of labour, whose mind vnsatiable of
victory, hath alwayes bin noted, cannot so soone be melted into
the weak conceites of loue. Aristotle told him there were many
worlds, & that he hath not conquered one that gapeth for al, galleth
Alexander. But here he commeth, ao
(Enter ALEX. and HEPHAEST.)
C/ex. Parmenio, and Çlils, I woîfld haue you both redy to go
into Persia about an ambassage no lesse profitable to me, then to your
selues honourable.
Clitus. We are ready at all commaundes ; wishing nothing els,
but continually to be commaunded.
/llex. Well, then withdraw your selues, till I haue further con-
sldered of this matter.
Exeunt CLYTUS " PARMENIO.
Akx. Now we wil see how /lelles goeth forward : I doubt me
that nature hath ouercome arte, & her countenance his cunning.
rre. You loue, and therefore think any thing. 30
Alex. But not so far in loue with Camase, as with Bucephalus,
if occasion serue either of c6flicte or of conquest.
.,r-re. Ocasion cannot want, if wil doe not. Behold all Persia
swelling in the pride of their owne power : the Scithians carelesse
what courage or fortune c.an do: the Aegiptians dreaming in the
southsayings of their Augures, and gaping ouer the smoak of their
beasts intralles. Ail these Alexander, are to bee subdued, if that
wodd be hOt slipped out of your head, which you haue swome to
conquere with that hand.
( Durfng the following seech the gub is thrusl on, frora which
a2#2ears DIOGENS, la whom enter CRYsus.)
Alex. I confesse the labours fit for Alexander, and yet recreation 40
necessary among so many assaults, bloudye wounds, intollerable
troubles : giue mee leaue a litle, if hOt to sitte, yet to breath. And
doubt hOt but Alexander can, when he wil, throw affections as farre
from him as he can cowardise. But behold 2iogenes talking with
one at his tub.
Crysus. One penny 2Piogems, I am a Cynick.
x 5 in] from Zodr. tried QQa 36 Auguries QQa 4 ° labour's ZMd.
and mods. 43 affections oM e, ts.

............. 339
.Diog. He ruade thee a begger, that first gaue thee an thing.
Crysus. Wh, if thou wilt giue nothing, no bod will giue thee.
Zh'og. I want nothing, till the springs dru, & the earth pefish.
5o Csus. I gather for the Gods.
iog. And I care not for thoee gods which want mone.
Csus. Thou a a fight Cnicke that will giue nothing.
iog. Thou art hot, that will g an thing.
Csus. M[exaer, King .4xder, giue a poore Cynick a groat.
55 M[ex. Itis hot for a king to giue a groa
Csus. Then giue me a lent.
[ex. Itis hot for a beer to ke a lent. A wae Mpe[[es
( curions oen» ddscering t studio w[th APELLES and
CAMPASPE.)
L Heoe.
M/ex. Now Gcntlcwomannc, docth hot your bcauty put thc paintcr
6o fo his tmp
Cmp. Ycs my Lordc, scclng so disordcrcd a cntcnauncc» he
fcarcth hc shall shadow a dcformcd counterfcit.
M/ex. Wold hc could colour thc lifc wth thc fcarc.. d me
thinkcth Mlle#, wcrc you as cning as report sath you arc, you
65 may int flovcrs asvcll with swcctc smds, as fresh colours, obscru-
ing in your mixture such things as should draw nccrc fo thcir

sauours.
,4pel. Your maicstic must know, it is no lesse harde to paint
sauours, thê verrues ; colours can ncithcr spcakc nor think.
7o lleoc. Whcre doe you first begin, whcn you drawe any picturc ?
,4/el. The proposition of the face in iust compasse, as I can.
Ilex. I would begin with the eie, as a light to ail the rest.
,4pd. If you will paint, as you arc a king, your Maicstie may
beginne whcre you please ; but as you wold be a painr, you must
7s begin with the face.
lurelius would in one houre colour four faces.
I meruaile in half an houre he did hot foure.
Why, is it so easie ?
No, but he doth if so homely.
When will you finish Campas/e
.ta a QQ Dods. : notaBLE..Kelt. Sa, ri3 will QQS S : wilt Q Bl. modr.
57 A wayel] aflew this zvord, QQS4 mods. place a full stop, QS a ¢omma, BI. no
stop s. I). [The curains open, &c.] Sec note o 7z proposition] proportion
Z2

.4 le x .
.41ex.
.dpel.
8o Alex.

,40e/. Neuer finishe : for alwayes in absolute bewtie there is som-
what aboue arte.
AIex. Why should hot I by labour bee as cunning as Apelles l
,4:eI. God shield you should haue cause tobe so cunning as
Apelles / 8$
Alex. Me thinketh 4. colours are sufficiêt to shadow any counten-
ance, & soit was in the time of 2hydias.
Ael. Thê had mê fewer faneies, & womê hot so many fauors.
For now, if the haire of her eie browes be black, yet must the haire
of her head be yellowe: the attire of her head must be different 90
from the habit of her body, els must the picture seeme like the blason
of auncient armorie, hot like the sweet delight of new round amiable-
nes. For as in garden knottes diuersitie of odours make a more
sweet sauor, or as in musicke diuers strings cause a more delieate
consent, so in painting, the more colours, the better counterfeit, 9S
obseruing blacke for a ground, and the rest for grace.
Lend me thy pensil Airelles, I will paint, & thou shalt

Ale«.
iudge.
AteZ.
Aie.v.
AteZ.
/l le.v.
A2el.
Alex.
Apel.
Alex.
Apel.

Here.
The coale breakes, xoo
You leane too hard.
Now it blackes hot.
You leane too soft.
This is awry.
Your eie goeth not with your hand.
Now it is worse.
Your hand goeth hOt with your mind.
Altx. Nay, if al be too hard or soft, so many rules and regardes,
that ones hand, ones eie, ones mînde must ail draw together, I had
rather bee setting of a battell then blotting of a boord. But how
haue I done heere ?
A.,0tl. Like a king.
Altx. I thinke so: but nothing more vnlike a Painter. Wel
ltllts, Cam¢as« is finished as I wish, dismisse ber, and bring
presently her counterfeit after me.
Ad. I i11.
(ALIX. and H.rH. corne/fore tac sludio. )
Alex. Now ttephesn'on, doth hOt this marrer cotton as I would ?
86 4- QQ* s: four Q4 rut Çl must QQ*S: would Q* BI. mods. IlO
boort B/. F. : bourd QQ : board Z)ods. test I I 4 and oto. QQa s

c. vj_ CAMPASPE
Camast« Iooketh pleasauntlye, liberty wil ëncrease ber bewty, & my
loue shall aduaunce ber honour.
ao '-/e. I will hot contrary your maiestie, for time must weare out
that loue bath wrought, and reason weane what appetite noursed.
(CIIPASPE cornes fram t/w s/udio. )
llex. How stately she passeth bye, yet how soberly! a s,«eet
consent in her countenance with a chast disdaine, desire mingled
with coynesse, and I cannot tell how to tearme it, a curst yeelding
a5 modestie !
Hê. Let ber passe.
llex. So she shall for the fairest on the earth. E.x'ettn.

$CHIa QUXITa.--(Z/w saine.
PSYLLUS, MANES» APELLES.
(Enter PSVLLUS and MaEs.
o'llus. I shalbe hanged for ing so long.
Manes. I pray God my maister be not floe before I corne.
Psyllus. Away J[anes/ my mMster doth corne.
( Exit.MANES. APELLEs romesom the studio.)
eL" Where ue you bin all thls while ?
Psyllus. No where but heere.
eL Who was here since my comming ?
syllus. No body.
L Vngratious wag, I perceiue you haue beene a loyteg :
lexanr no by ?
o syllus. He was a klng, I mnt no mne body.
l. I will cogell your body for it, and then will I say it vas
no die, cause it w no honeste body. way in
Exit syllus.
Vnfounate elles, and theffore vnfortunate beuse
Ht thou by drawing ber bewty broght to passe that thou canst
,t soeroe draw thine own brth ? And by so much the more hast thou
encred thy tare, by how much the more thou ht shewed thy
cning : w it hOt sucient to behold the tire and warme thee, but
with tyms thou must kisse the tire and burne thee ? O
la4 curst] eous ]7 6 sce 0 I I744 : sithens 0 B1. 'dt. :
sithence ] 8o test 4 that] yt ;6 hast be thon hast B1.

SCH/ENA SECUNDA.--(Tt
APELLES alone.
I feare me Apelle, that thine eies haue blabd that, which thy
tongue durst not. at little regard hadst thou whilst lexander
viewed the conteffeite of Campagne, thou stoodest gazing on her
countenaunce ! If he espie or but suspoet, thou must needes twice
rish, with his hate, and thine owne loue. Thy pale look when
he blushed, thy sadde countenaunce when hee smiled, thy sigh
when he questioned, may breede in him a ielosie, perchaunce
a frenzye. O loue ! I neuer fore knewe what thou we, d nowe
haste thou made mee that I know hOt what my selfe ara ? Onely
this I knowe, that I must endure tollerable passions, for vnknowne fo
pleasures, l)ispute hOt the cause, wretch, but yeeld toit : for tter
it is to mer with desire, then wrastle dth loue. Cast thy selfe on
thy carefull bedde, be content to lyue vnknowne, and die founde.
0 Çamae, I haue pated thee in my hrt: pated? nay,
contrarye to myne arte, impfinted, and that in suche deepe t$
Chamcters, that nothing c re it out, lesse it mbbe my het
out. xit.

SCH/ENA TERT'A.--(Te
(Enter> MILECTUS, PHRIGIUS, LAYS,
fil. It shal go hard, but this peace shall bg vs some
ry. Downe with arm, and th legges, this is a world for
the nonce.
«. Sweete youthes, if you knew what it were to saue your
sweete bloud, you would not so foolishly go aut to snd it.
What delight oen there in ghinge, to make foule ss in
faire faces, & crook maimes in streight legg? though men
being borne goodlye by nature, would of puoee become defooe by
follye ; and all forsooth for a new round trme, called valng a word
which breedeth more quaelles then the sense n commendation, to
Mil. It is te y, a ftherbed hath no fellow, go dnke
makes good bloud, and shall pelting words spl it ?
-4 thou ... Camppe,... oeuntenaunce ] thou,... Campas l ... conte-
nauuce. .; a 18o, 1825. exc. Campas: OEou,...Campas .... count-
aunoe ? ' l. t 7 ; and Aélt. exc. couutenance i6 my Do. #ll. by F.
fff OEy old eds. 3 noaoe hem t& collaion
ka«s in l« #yce coy hein K mnt«d am
requimd in QQts. Out text#lls Qt fo

t'hry. I meane to inioy the world, and to draw out my lire at the
wiredrawers, hOt to curtall it off at the Cuttelers.
Zais. You may talke of warre, speake bigge, conquer worldes
with great wordes: but stay at home, where in steede of Alarums
you shall haue daunces, for hot battelles with tierce menne, gentle
Skirmishes with fayre womenne. These pewter coates canne neuer
sitte so wel as satten dublets. Beleeue mee, you cannot conceaue
the pleasure of peace, vnlesse you despise the rudenesse of warre.
Mil. It is so. But see Z)iogenes prying ouer his tubbe : Z)iogenes,
what sayest thou to such a morsel ?
Z)iog. I say, I would spit it out of my mouth, because it should
hOt poyson my stomack.
/'hry. Thou speakest as thou art, it is no meate for dogges.
Z)iog. I ara a dogge, and Phylosophy rates mee from cation.
Lais. Vnciuill wretch, whose manners are aunswerable to thy
callynge, the time was thou wouldest haue hadde my company, had
it hOt beene, as thou saidst, too deare.
Diog. I remember there was a thinge that I repented me of, and
now thou haste told it : indeed it was to deare of nothing, and thou
deare to no bodye.
Lais. "Downe, villaine, or I wil haue thy head broken !
.r«l. Will you couch ?
Phry. Auaunt, curre! Corne sweete Zays, let vs go to some
place and possesse peace. But first let vs sing, there is more pleasure
in tuning of a voyce, then in a volly of shotte. (Song.)
Mil. Now let vs make baste, least Alexander finde vs here.
Exeunt.

SCH/ENA QUARTA.--(?']/,8 saine.)
ALEXANDER, HEPHESTION Page, DIOGENES,
APELLES, CAMPASPE.
(Enter ALEXANDER, HEPHAESTIO and Page.)
A lex. Mee tinketh, stion, you are more mehncholy then
you were accustomed ; but I perceiue it is ail for Alexander. You
oen neither broeke this peace, nor my pleure ; be of go cheare,
though I winke, I sleepe not.
ep. Melancholy I ara hOt, nor well content: for I know hOt
$6 let vs sing] ither QQ Bl. mods. ve sg any stage-directi r
D II A

354 ÇAMIASI [ACT V
how, there is such a rust crept into my bones with this long ease, that
I feare I shal not scowrc it out wth infinite labours.
41ex. Yes, yes, if all the trauails of conquefing the world wll set
dther thy body or mine in tune, wee will vndcrtake them. But
what think you of /lelles Did ye euer see any so perplexed?
Hee neither aunswered directly to any question, nor looked stedfastly
vppon anye thing. I hold my lire the PaJnter is in loue.
//e. It may be : for commonly we see it incident in artificers to
be inamoured of their own workes, as lrcidamus of his woodden
Doue, Pigmalyon of his iuorie Image, Arachne of his woddê swan;
especially painters, who playing with their owne conceits, now
coueting to draw a glacing eie, then a rolling, now a wincking, stil
mending it, neuer ending it, til they be caught with it; and then
poore soules they kisse the colours with their lippes, with which
before they were loth to taint their fingers.
Alex. I wil finde it out : page, goe speedely for Apelles, w him
to come hithêr, and when you sec vs earnestly in talke, sodenly cry
out Apel/es shoppe is on tire !
Page. It shalbe done.
Alex. Forget not your lesson. (Exit Page.)
/are. I maruaile what your deuice shalbe.
llex. The euent shall proue.
/are/L I pittie the poore painter, if he he in loue.
Alex. Pittie him hOt, I pray thee : that seuere grauity set aside,
what do you think of loue ?
/fe. As the Macedonians doe of their hearbe Beet, which loking
yellow in the ground, and blacke in the hand, thirke it better seene
then toucht.
llex. But what do you imagine it to be?
//e.. A word by superstition thought a god, by vse turned to an
humour, by selfwil made a flattering madnesse.
llex. You are too hard harted to think so of loue. Let vs go to
Diogenes. Diogenes, thou maist think it somwhat that llexander
commeth to thee againe so soone.
Diog. If you corne to learne, you could hOt corne soone enough ;
if to laugh, you be corne to soone.
/-/e. It would better become thee to be more curteous, and frame
thy selfe to please.
iog. And you better to be lesse, if you durst displease.
I Alchlc $0

45 Alex.
Alex.
.DioK.

What dost thou think of the time we haue here ?
That we haue little, and lose much.
If one be sick, what wouldest thou haue him do ?
Be sure that he make hOt his Phisition his heire.

355

AIex. If thou mightest haue thy wil, how much grod would
o content thee ?
Diog. As much as you in the ende must be contented withall.
A lex. What, a rodd ?
Z)iog. No, the length of my body.
Alex. Ife2hhstion , shal I be a litle pleasant with him ?
5 //eh. You may : but he will be very peruerse with you.
Alex. It skilleth not, I cannot be angry with him. .DioKenes ,
I pray thee, what doost thou think of loue ?
.Dia g. A little worser then I can of hate.
Alex. And why?
6o Z)iog. Because itis better to hate the thinges whiche make to loue,
thê to loue the thins which giue occasion of hate.
Alex. Why, bee not women the best creatures in the world ?
Diog. Next men and Bees.
Alex. What dost thou dislyke chiefly in. a woman?
65 Diog. One thing.
Alex. Vhat ?
Z)iog. That she is a woman.
Alex. In mine opinion thou wert neuer born of a woman, that
thou thinkest so hardly of womê. But now c6meth Aelles, who
70 I ara sure is as far from thy thoght, as thou art ff6 his cunning.
Zhb g. I will haue thy cabin remoued nerer to my court, bicause I wilbe
a philosopher.
Z)iog. And when you haue done so, I pray you remoue your
court further from my cabinne, because I wil not be a courtier.
( nter .APELLES.)
75 Alex. But here commeth Adles. Aldles, what peece of worke
haue you in hand ?
Aid. None in hand, if it like your maiestie: but I am deuising
a platforme in my head.
Alex. I think your hand put it in your head. Is it nothing about
Go Venus ?
48 hiere Qs 5i whitall QS 56 skilleth QS t78o ' I8z5 : skills Q Bl. Iî44
#-. elt. 7o thogt Qs : thoughts Qa BI. mods. s.n. [Enter APEI.LES] sua#-
agliediyReedx78o 76 in hand Qs: now in hand Q 21. motif. 79in]intoDods.

{Renter Page.)
Ael. No, but some thing aboue Venus.
aKe. elles, Aelles, looke about you, your shop is on tire
el. Ay me l if the picture of Camase be butor, I ara
vndone !
Alex. Stay elles, no hast: it is your hart is on tire, hot your
shop ; & Cam. hang ther, I wold she were burnt. But haue you
the picture of Ca»ase ? Belike you loue her wel, tt you oere
hOt thogh M be lost, so she be fe.
eL Not loue her: but your Maiestie knowes that painters in
their lt works are sMd to excel themselues, and in thJs I haue 9 o
so much pleed my selfe, that the shadow as much delighteth
mee being an artificer, as the substaunce doth others that are
amorous.
Akx. You lay your colours gosely ; though I could not paint in
your shop, I c spy into your excuse. Be not hamed Aelles, it is 9
a Genflemans sport to be in loue. (a Attendants.) 11 hither
Camase. Me thinks I might haue bin made pilule to your
affection ; though my counoell had hot bene neces, yet my
countenance might haue bin thought requisite. But Aelle, for-
sooth, loueth vnder hand, yea & vnder Alexaes nose, andbut
I say no more.
Ael. Aelles loueth hot so : but he liueth to do as Alexandell.
(Enler CAMPASPE.)
M/ex. Cam#as#e, here is newes. #eI. is in loue with you.
Ça». It plseth your maiese to y so.
kx. (asMe). e#hesffon, 1 I te her to.Cam#as, for the goed
qualifies I know in Md/es, and the verrue I see in you, I ara
determined you shal enioy one the other. How say you
would you y I ?
Cam#. Your handmaid must obey, if you commaund.
ex. (asMe). Thk you hot, He#sgfon, that she wold fne bc zxo
commaunded ?
e#. 1 ara no thought catcher, but I gesse vppily.
e«. (go CAMP.). I will not enforce mariage, where I oeot c6l
loue.

8I aboue mods. : about (* 271. 82 about QQ meds. : aboue 271. IOO
loueth old cals. : lov'd Dods. s.D. [Enter (AMPASP] sulied by Recd 1780
Io 7 the other (3 : tmother B1. mods.

sc. Ivj .lv«rarr 357
Cam. But your maiestie may moue a question, where you be
willing to haue a match.
Alex. Beleeue me, Z-Iepte$lion, these parties are aoed, they
would haue me both pfiest d witnesse. Apdle$, ke Campa$pe:
why moue ye not Ca»a$e, ke Ael/e$ : wil it not be If you
be ashamed one of the other, by my consent you sl neuer
corne togeather. But dissemble not Campagne, o you loue
AHlles ?
Cam. Pardon my rd, I loue Apdles
Alex. Apelles, it were a shame for you, being loued so openly o
so faire a virgin, to say the contrat. Doe you loue Campaspe ?
Apd. Onely Camase !
Alex. Two louing wormes, Hepstion I reeiue Alexander
eannot subdue the affections of men, tbougb he e0quer their
eountries. Loue falleth like dew aswel vp6 the low asse, as on
the high Coeder. Sparkes haue their heate, Antes their gall, Flyes
their splene. Well, êioy one an other, I giue her thee frekly,
Apelles. Thou shalt see that Ale«ander maketh but a toye of loue,
and leadeth affection in fetters vsing fey a foele to make him
sport, or a minstrell to me him me. It is hOt the amorous
glaee of an eie ean settle an idle thought in the heart ; no, no, it is
ehildrens gaine, a life for seamsters and seholers the one pricking
in doutes haue nothing els to thinke on, the other pieking faneies
out of oks, haue little els to meruaile at. Go Alles, ke with
you your Campaspe, Alexander is eloied with loeking on that which
thou wondrest at.
Apel. Thankes to your maiestie on bended knee, you haue
honoured Apelles.
Camp. Thankes with bowed h, you haue blesoed Campaspe.
E«eunt (APEL and CAMP.).
Alex. Page, g warne Clitus and armenio and the other Lordes
to be in a readines, let the trumpet sound, stfike vp the drumme, and
I will presently into Persia. How now phestion, is A lexander able
to resiste loue he list ?
Hep. The conquering of Thebes w hOt so honourable as the
subdueing of these though.
o Alex. It were a shame Alexander should desire to commaund the

128 he oto. Q B1. 29 dew Qa: a dew Q BL mods. 4$ a oto.

35 8 CAMPASPE [,cx v, sc. xv
world, ifhe could not commaund himselfe. But corne, let vs go,
I wil try whether I can better beare my hand with my hart, then
I could with mine eie. And good I-ehestion, when al the world is
woone, and euery countrey is thine and mine, either find me out
an other to subdue, or of my word I wil fall in loue.
Exeunt. 55
i52 beare oto. I825 hand with my hart so alI; qy. ? heart with my hand as
744 I5 of old eds.: on mods., toug '.2refers of

THE EPILOGUE AT THE BLACKE FRYERS

W here the Rainebowe toucheth the tree, no Caterpillers wil
bang on the leaues : where the Glov¢orm creepeth in the
night, no Addar wil goe in the day. We hope in the eares where
our trauails be lodged, no carping shal harbour in those tongues.
Our exercises must be as your iudgment is, resembling water, which
is alwaies of the saine colour into what it runneth.
In the Troiane horse lay couched soldiers, with childre, and in
heapes of many v¢ords we feare diuerse vnfitte, among some allow-
able. But as Demoshetes with ofen breathing vp the hill amended
his stammering, so wee hope with sundry labours against the haire,
to correcte our studies. If the tree be blasted that blossomes, the
faulte is in the wind, and not in the roote ; and if our pastimes be
misliked, that haue bin allowed, you must impute it to the malice of
others, and not our endeuour. And so v¢ee test in Good case if you
rest well content.

THE EPILOGUE AT THE COURT

W E cannot tell whether we are fallen among Ziomedes birds or
his horses ; the one receiued some men with sweet notes,
the other bitte al men with sharp teeth. But as lamers Gods
conueied them into clouds, whom they would haue kept from
curses, and as Venus, least Adonis shuld be pricked with the stings 5
of Adders, couered his face with the winges of Swans ; so we hope,
being shielded with your highnesse countenaunce, wee shall, though
heare the neighing, yet not feele the kicking of those iades, and
receiue, though no praise (which we cannot deserue) yet a pardon,
which in all humi|ytie we desire. As yet we cannot tdl what w to
should tearme out labours, yron or bullyon ; only it belongeth to
your Maiestie to make them fitte either for the forge, or the mint,
currant by the stampe, or counterfeit by the Anuil. For as nothing
is to be called whit, vnles it had bin named white by the firste
creator, so c.an there be nothing thought good in the opinion of t5
others, vnlesse it be christened good by the iudgement of your selfe.
For our selues againe, we are those torches waxe, of whiche being in
your highnesse handes, you may make Doues or Vultures, Roses or
Nettles, Lawrell for a. arlandl or elder for a disgrace.

FINIS.

8 /)ods. aoed moars, insrt e efor« heare 15 creator/)odr, mods. : creature
Q QS, 13L x7 those torches waxe Qs: like these tordaes of waxe Q* BL
1¢It. : like these torches, wax,/)oaS.

SAPHO AND PHAO

Qio

Third ed.

EDITIONS

6 fo Aprilis x.84 Thomas cadman Lyllye yt is graunted vnto him yat yf he gett
ye commedie of Sappho laufully alowed vnto him. Then none of this cumpanie
shall Interrupt him to enjoye yt .... via. ' (.çta. eg. ed. Arb. ii. 43o.)
Sapho and thao, [ tlayed beefore glie ] Queents l,raiestie on Shroue-]tewsday,
by ber llaiesties ] Children, atM the Boyes ] of taules. ] ¶ Im'nted at London ]
for Thotaa Cadman. ] x.ç84. ]
[Colophon] Imprintêd at Lodon by Thomas ] Dawson,for Thomas Cadaan. ]
4to. A-G 2 in fours, G 2 verso blank. (Brit. 3Ius.)
Cadman ceasecl to publish in x089, and his rights in this play and CampasOe
evidently passed to William Broome, who published an edition of both in $9 L
The çtatianers" Rtgister, however, contains no record of the transfer earlier than
that of April I2, x$97, which enter both plays and two other books, ' The which
copies were Thomas Cadmans,' to Broome's widow, Joan : see entry quoted under
' Editions' of Cam/ae from Sta. Z'eg'. ed. Arber, iii. 8z.
Sapho atd Phao, ] Played beefore the ] Queenes ntaieslie on Skroue [ te'wsday,
by ber Alaiesties ] Children, and the Boyes ] of Paules. ] Imprinted at Zondon by
Thomas ] Orvain, for IVilliam Broome. ] I$9L I 4 t°- A- 2 in fours, G 2 verso
blank. No ¢ol. (Br. Ms.: Bodl.: Dyce Coll. & I(ensinglon.)
On 2kug. 23, 16oi, the play is transferred, together with Campase, GaIlathea,
.ndimion, and AIidas, fiom mystres B, ome Lately Deceased' to George Porter
(Sta. Reg. iii. 9 , ed. Arb.) ; and on Jan. 9, I628» is entered to Blount as one
of the Sixe Covrt Comedies. (Sta. Re g. iv. 92.)
.S'aplto I and ] Phao, I Played Sefore the Queenes ] Alaiestie on Shroue-]tuesday: [
'y ber llaiesties ] CMldren, and the Cliil-[dren of tauIes. ] Zondon, ] 2rinted
by Villiam .Stansby, ]for Edward lount. ] I632. [ I2mo, occupying L-O X in
telves of the Sixe Covrt Conoedies.
#,lso in Fairholt's edition of Lyly's Dramatic lf'orks, t858, vol. i.

SAPHO AND PHAO

Argument. -- Venus, travelling to Syracuse to reduce the pride of
queen Sapho, dowers the ferryman Phao with pretematural beauty,
which while filling his heart with vague desires makes him scornful
of all women, until a chance meeting kindles a mutual passion
between Sapho and himself. The lovesick queen, torn with the
conflict between pride and affection, prays Venus' aid, and mean-
while sends for Phao to cure with his simples the fever she feigns
before her ladies. Venus meets Phao in the palace ; and herself
falls a victim to the beauty she has created. Jealous of Sapho, she
cajoles Vulcan to furnish Cupid with special arrows which may undo
the work of his former shaft, and transfer the ferryman's love to her-
self. But Cupid, having fulfilled part of his task by cooling Sapho's
affection, is won to betray the design and to inspire Phao with loathing
instead of love for Venus ; nor can the goddess by threats or coaxing
disengage her son from Sapho, with whom he takes up his abode,
while Phao quits Sicily in despair.
Variety is sought in the conjugal relations of Venus and Vulcan,
in the opposition between the spirit of the Court and that of the
student as represented by the two friends TrachJnus and Pandion,
in the sprightly talk of Sapho's ladies, among whom Mileta is chief,
in the love-precepts given to Phao by the crone Sybilla, and in the
intercourse between the smith Calypho and a couple of Pages, which
is ruade the occasion for a parody of formal logic.

Text and Bibliography.- The text followed is that of the first
quarto, x584, which presents the play in a singulady perfect state,
with not more than half a dozen errors of any importance. I have
corrected all obvious mistakes (one or two of them by Q'), recording
every change in the footnotes, I have emended the text in one or two
places, e. g. iv. 3. 46, v. 3- x3, have added the songs which first appear
in Blount, and inserted many necessary stage-directions for entry and
exit, a matter in which the old editions are always careless. The
( ) cleady indicate every such addition to the original text.

364 SAI'I-tO AND PHAO
The second quarto, 1591, bas about a dozert bad corruptions,
half a dozen of less importance, and several indifferent changds;
while it corrects four of the errors of its predecessor, and in several
places improves the punctuation.
Blount's edition repeats nearly ail the corruptions of Q-, and
introduces six bad ones of its own, e. g. ' loue' for 'Ioue,' iv. z. 40,
'my selfe' for the verb 'mysell,' iv. 3- 59, 'cold' for the participle
'coold,' iv. 3. 89, together with a fair number of misprints and minor
changes : but it gives the songs, and corrects one or two mistakes.
Fairholt, following Blount, corrects halfa dozen of his mîstakes by
reversion to Q1, but repeats ail the rest and adds one or two of his
OWno

Authorship. -- Lyly's naine is hOt on the title-page, but appears
in the first entry of the play in the S/a/ioners' Regis/er; and his
authorship is confirmed by the style, by twelve echoes from
uhues, and by Blount's inclusion of the play among the Sixe Covrl
Comedies.

Sources and Allegory.- He avails himself of the classical
legend of a passion between Sappho and Phao, which, appearing
first in several lost Attic comedies, and 'probably derived,' says
Smith, ' from the story of the love of Aphrodite for Adonis, who in
the Greek version of the myth was called Phaethon or Phaon,'
receives beautiful development in Ovid's Epistle (tferoid. xv), which
formed our author's chief authority. With this he combines the
fable, unconnected with Sappho, which is related in Aelian's Faria
is/orfa, xii. 18, and Palaephatus' 29e lab. _Ararra/. lib. i, of Venus'
gift to Phao of extraordinary beauty on the occasion of his ferrying
her across a strait at Mytilene in Lesbos. Aelian's work had been
translated by Abraham Fleming with the title /registre oflgys/ories,
con/einin [ar/iall ex2#loi/es of worthy warriours . . . lVri//en in
Çreeke by .Elianus a 2o»tane : and deliuered in Englishe by Abraham
lleming .... fmlrin/ed at Z.ondon . . . J576 4to, black letter),
from which, rather than from the Greek, I quote the chapter, and the
following one about Sappho.
'¶ That Phaon was of a fayre complexion.
.Phaon, a proper youth, excelling al other in fauour and comly-
nesse, was hidden of Venus among long lettisse which sprung vp
and grew very ràckly. Some holde opinion that this 29haan was

............... 365
a ferry man, and that he vsed that trade of lyfe and exercise. So
it fortuned that F'enus had occasion to passe ouer the water, whom
he hot so redely as willingly, tooke by the hand, and receiued into
his whery, and carryed her ouer with as great dilligence as he could
for his lyfe, hot knoying ail this while what she was: For which
dutifull seruice at that instaunt exhibited, F'enus bestowed vppon
him an Allablaster box full of oyntment for ber ferrage, wherwith
29haon washing and skouring his skin, had not his fellow in faire-
nesse of fauour, and beutyful complexion aliue : insomuch that the
women of la¢t'lylen were inflamed with the loue of _Phaon, his
comlynesse did so kindle their affections.' The Greek merely adds
that he was afterwards taken in adultery and killed.
' T Of Sapho.
_Plato the sonne of lsto, numbreth Saha the Versifyer» and
daughter of Scamandronymus amonge such as were wise, lerned
and skilful. I heare also, that there was another Sapho in Zesbus :
which was a stronge whore, and an arrant strumpet.'
Combining Ovid and Aelian, Lyly makes Venus the enemy and
rival of Sapho and protagonist of his plot ; and amplifies her part
by introducing her conjugal relations with Vulcan. A transfer of
the scene from Lesbos to Sicily, where in Ovid's Epistle Sappho
addresses ber loyer» enables him to introduce Vulcan's forge at the
neighbouring Aetna, and suggests the addition of the Cyclops, not
the pastoral monster of Homer, but one of the smiths of Virgil's
Irourth Georgi¢, ll. x7o- 5.
'Ac veluti, lentis Cylopes fulmina massis
Cure properant, alii taurinis follibus auras
Accipiunt redduntque, alii stridentia tingunt
Aera lacu ; gemit impositis incudibus Aetna ;
llli inter sese magna vi brachia tollunt
In numerum, versantque tenaci forclpe ferrure: &c.
See also what is said in the essay on 'Lyly as a Playwright,'
pp. 253- 4 ; about Mulciber and his workshop in 2hersites, where he
forges weapons for the hero ; and about Venus and Cupid and the gold-
and lead-headed arrows in Cambyses. And further Lyly introduces
the Sibyl and her cave from Ovid, I[et. xiv. lO 4 sqq. Sybilla's
t In a show presented to the Queen at Woodstock, x575, and printed by
Gascoigne as Th laie af H«metes th« h«r«myt«, I 577, in Eng., Lat., Ital. and Fch.,
had appeared the grott of Sibilla," to which ladies and knights resort to learn the
future. (. C. Hazlitt's ed. of Gascoigne, vol. ii. p. I43.) See also what is said
about Daphne in Tasso's Aminta, in the Note on Italian Influent% pp. 473 sqq.

366
account of Apollo's suit of her, il. x. 5 o, 'caught up my handful
sand,' &c., is only to be paralleled by Ovid's 11. 132-44 ; cf. especially
' Ego pulveris hausti
Ostendens cumulum, quot haberet corpora pulvis,
Tot mihi natales contingere varia rogavi.'
This medley of classical suggestion is ruade to serve the author's
main purpose of flattering the Queen by an allegorical representation
of the relations between herself and her suitor, the Duc d'Alençon.
The idea of this match, first mooted by Catherine de' Medici when
Anjou, the elder brother, showed signs of cooling in his suit, was
seriously renewed in 1578, and not wholly abandoned till 1582.
Froude's tfistory (vol. xi) details the long course of vacillation and
chicanery by which Elizabeth used her marriage-negotiations in the
nice balance of her political relations with France, Spaln, and the
revolted Netherlands. On Feb. 6, 1582, Alençon finally quittçd
England to assume the sovereignty of the United Provinces that
had been offered him by the Prince of Orange, a sovereignty never
more than nominal, and soon terminated by his unsuccessful military
attempt on the liberties of Antwerp (Jan. I583). He died on
June 9, 1584" It is to this underlying allegory, clearly alluded to
in the Prologue at Court and the Epilogue, especially in the words
about ' the necessitie of the hystorie' and the comparison of the
vhole inconclusive story to the mazes of a labyrinth, that the changes
made in the classical myth of Sappho are chiefly due. Hence the
representation of her as a queen with a Court, and the suppression,
surprisingly and needlessly thorough, of her poetic fame and func-
tions : hence the striking beauty and majesty of person with which
she is dowered, whereas Ovid represents her as of dark complexion
and short stature (11. 33-6): hence the invitation of Phao to her
Court, her struggle against her passion and final conque.st of it:
while her secure assumption at the close of the prerogatives of Venus
and the person of Cupid are in the happiest rein of courtly flattery.
The distress and perplexities of Phao, and his departure from Sicily
at the call of other destinies, are quite in keeping with the facts of
Alençon's courtship ; nor need the marked ugliness of the duke dis-
qualify him for the part. Elizabeth had declared in i579 that 'she
had never seen a man who pleased her so well, never one whom
she could so willingly make her husband' (Froude, xi. x55); and
the cour@ poet saw and seized his opportunity in the tale that Love
herself had ruade Phao beautiful.

............... 367
I do not know that it is necessary to find originals for any of the
other characters : but Mr. Flezy (Biaa//. C/ran. vol. ii. 40) identi-
fies Pandion, the university student newly arrived at Court, with Lyly
himself; the Sibyl might stand for Catherine de' Medici ; and the
clear personality of the witty Mileta, with ber obvious attempt on
Phao in iii. 4, suggests that an original might also be found for ber,
if our knowledge of the Court history were fuller.

Date.- The entry of the play in the Stalianer' Register, under
date April 6, 1584, supplies us with a downward limit for its com-
position, which must have been completed at latest in 1583. The
identification of Phao with Alençon, and the latter's departure from
England on Feb. 6, 1582 , supplies us with an upward limit, hOt for
its completion, but for its performance at Court. A reference to the
discussion of the date of CanMaspe (p. 31o) will show that I identify
this earliest Court performance with that on Shrove Tuesday, 1582
(February 27, says Mr. Fleay), for which the master of the Chapel
Children received payment on April i of the saine year t. But, since the
interval betveen February 6 and February 27 is altogether too short
for the composition, rehearsal, and preliminary production of the play
at Blackfriars, I am constrained to believe that it was begun a good
deal eadier, in 158I , at the dme when the end of Alençon's suit was
already foreseen or surmised. In spite of the marked favour of his
reception in August, i579, Elizabeth never really loved him ; and it
must soon bave become apparent that ber declarations of affection
proceeded far more from ber policy than from her heart. In
January, 1581 , shë would hOt purchase his refusal of the Crown of
the Netherlands by the definite promise of ber hand ; and if in the
autumn she seemed to hark back to the match, and even on his visit
in November presented him to the Court as her chosen husband, yet
she reassured ber ministers by a mention of the impossible conditions
she meant to demand of France, and in December she told the duke
plainly that she could never conquer ber disinclination 2. It is quite
conceivable that Lyly began his play in the spring or summer of
x58x , that the subsequent course of events kept its conclusion
awhile in suspense, but that before the end of the year the issue was
so far certain that he could safely finish it.
In regard to the doubt expressed in the Slatianer' Register as to
t Boswell's #Ialone, iii. 44. Froude, xi. 4x6, 45 x.

368 SAPHO AND I'HAO
whether the printing would be allowed, it seems unnecessary to
interpret it, with Mr. Fleay, as evidence of any royal displeasure
under which Lyly then rested. Probably it merely reflects the
licenser's caution in a matter of state, which might even then affect
Elizabeth's delicate relations with France. At any rate, the book
actually appeared in the same year, I584.

Place and Time. -- The attempt at continuity of scene within the
single Act is much more marked in this play than in Caml#asl#e.
Act I is laid wholly at the ferry : Act II wholly before Sybilla's cave,
which, however, from scene il, must be conceived to lie close to the
ferry: Act III wholly in Sapho's chamber, including its ante-
chamber. Each of these Acts contains a comic scene ; of which
i. 3 is, by the text, in the same place as the rest of the Act ; ii. 3
might conceivably but hOt probably be so; while iii. 2, which intro-
duces the smith, must necessarily break the continuity. It seems as
though Lyly conceived himself at liberty to introduce a comic scene
when and where he pleased ; hot changing the scene, but simply
ignoring the scenic proprieties. Act IV, being continlaous with
Act III, is therefore also in Sapho's chamber, though the fourth
scene shifts to Vulcan's forge. Act V is less regular. It begins
most naturally at the forge, in close continuation of the preceding
Act ; but, though neither in this nor any other scene of the play is
anything said which requires us to suppose the locality changed
within the limits of the scene, yet the closing words seem to imply
that Venus and Cupid have travelled away from the forge during
their talk ; and the next scene is laid in Sapho's" palace, while the
third and last is again before Sybilla's cave. The fact that Aetna,
some fifty mlles away from Syracuse, and the proper site of Vulcan's
forge, is nowhere mentioned in the play, and the presence of the
smith Calypho in or near Syracuse, may be taken as evidence that
Lyly wished to appear observant of the Unity of Place.
As regards Time, the saine latitude is observable as in Camaspe ;
allusions being introduced, like that to Phao's disdain of the Sicilian
ladies (i. 4. 7-1o, ii. 4- 5), his two visits to Sybilla within the limits of
the single Act II, and the development and waning of Sapho's passion,
which are really inconsistent with the close continuit), otherwise
affected.

Sapho and Phao,

layed bee[ore tte

O, secnes Maiefiie on shroue.
te'fday,by her M aieflies
Cbildr ennd tbe BoXes
ofla.l«.

lmprintedat London
for Thomas Cadman0
l ,8 4.

(DRAMATIS PERSONAE

VULCAN.
CuPm.
PHAO, a young Terryman.
TRACHINUS, a Curtier.
PANDION, a Scolar.
CRxmUs, _Page to 2"acMnus.
]IOLUS, Serant to tandion.
CAI.VO, one of te Cydos.
VENUS.
SAPHO, 2rineess of Syraeuse.
/ILETA,
LAMIA
FAVILLA
( Zadies of Sa2#ho's Court.
IsmlA,
EUOENUA ]
SwIzA, an aged Sootsayer.
Sczl.--Syracuse. )

! DRAM. PERS. gtt listflrsg g'ven in aairhoR, vhont Ifollom 9 CALYPHO»
one of the Cyclops t:airholt 19 SCEE--S)racu.eflrst in Fairholt

The Prologue at the Black fryers.

W Here the Bee can suck no honney, she leaueth her stinge
behinde, and where the Beare cannot finde Origanum te
heale his griefe, he blasteth all other leaues with his breath. Wee
feare it is like to rare so with vs, that seeing you cannot draw from
5 our labours sweete content, you leaue behinde you a sowre mislike :
and with open reproach blame out good meaninges, because you
cannot reape your wonted mirthes. Out intêt was at this time to
moue inward delight, hOt outward lightnesse, and to breede (if it
might bee) sort smiling, hOt loude laughing : knowing it to the wise
io to be as great pleasure to heare counsell mixed with witte, as to the
foolish to haue sporte mingled with rudenesse. They were banished
the Theater at Athens, and from Rome hyssed, that brought
parasites on the stage with apish actions, or fooles with vnciuill
habites, or Curtisans with immodest words. We haue endeuoured
x5 to be as farre from vnseemely speaches, to make your eares glowe, as
wee hope you will bee from vnkinde reportes to make out cheekes
blush. The Griffyon neuer spreadeth her wings in the sunne, when
she hath any sick feathers: yet haue we ventured to present out
exercises beefore your iudgements, when we know them full of
o weak matter, yeelding rather our selues to the curtesie, which
we haue euer round, then to the precisenesse, which wee ought to
feare.

t at Q1 : of Q BI. F. 16 bee from Q : bee free from Q- BI. 2 ¢. 7
Griffyon QI : Gryffon Q Yl. F. 19 exercise$ r amend exerdse ofallrez,, eds.

The Prologue at the Court.

T Hâ Arabys being stuffed with perfumes, burn Hemblock,
ranck poison: & in Hybla being cloid with h6ney, they
account it daintie to feede on waxe. Your Highnesse eies, whom
varietie hath filled with fayre showes, and whose eares pleasure hath
possessed with rare soundes, will (we trust) at this time resemble the
princely Eagle, who fearing to surfeit on spices, stoupeth to bite on
wormwood. We present no conceites nor warres, but deceites and
loues, wherein the trueth may excuse the plainenesse : the necessitie,
the length : the poetrie, the bitternesse. There is no needles point
so smal, which hath hOt his c6passe: nor haire so slender, which
hath hOt his shadowe: nor sporte so simple, which hath hOt his
showe. Whatsoeuer we presêt, whether it be tedious (which we
f«are) or toyishe (which we doubt) sweete or sowre, absolute or
imperfect, or whatsoeuer, in ail humblenesse we ail, & I on knee for
ail, entreate, that your Highnesse imagine your self to be in a deepe
dreame, that staying the conclusi6, in your rising your Maiestie
vouchsafe but to saye, And so you awakte.

i This t°rologue ,z,as prb,ted in romans $84. itali«s 591 9 needles QZ
/?L -. : needelesse Qt I o which Qt : that ç/L '.

SAPHO AND PHAO

ACTUS PRIMUS

ScI-I, PR.--(At tAe t:erry.)
PHAO, VENUS, CUPID.
(Enter PHAO.)
_P]mo. THou art a Ferriman, Phao, yet a free man, possess-
1 ing for riches content, and for honors quiet. Thy
thoughts are no higher thê thy fortunes, nor thy desires greater then
thy calling. VCho climeth, standeth on glasse, and falleth on thorne.
$ Thy hearts thirste is satisfied with thy hands thrift, and thy gentle
labours in the day, tume to sweete slumbers in the night. As much
doth it delight thee to rule thine oare in a calme streame, as it dooth
Sapho to swaye the Scepter in her braue court. Enuie neuer casteth
her eie lowe, ambition pointeth alwaies vpwarde, and reuenge
o barketh onely at starres. Thou farest dilicately, if thou haue a fare
to buy any thing. Thine angle is ready, when thine oar is idle,
and as sweet is the fish which thou gettest in the ryuer, as the fowle
which other buye in the market. Thou needst hOt feare poyson in
thy glasse, nor treason in thy garde. The winde is thy greatest
$ enemy, whose might is withstoode with pollicy. O sweete lire,
seldom found vnder a goldê couert, oftê vnder a thached cotage.
But here commeth one, I will withdrawe my selfe aside, it may be
a passenger. (Retires, as enter VENtiS and CUPID.)
Yenus. It is no lesse vnseemely then vnwholsom for Venus, who
2o is most honoured in Princes courtes, to soiourne with Vulcan in
a smithes forge, where bellowes blow in steede of sighes, dark smokes
fise for sweet perfumes, & for the panting of louing hearts, is only
heard the beating of steeled hmers. Vnhappy Venus, yt cariing
Ac'rLts IRIMUS . . . At the Ferry] The division into Acts and Scene$ is that of tke
old editiom and aairhoR. The localities of the se'veral scenes are flrst marked in
a 3 steeled so ail )-' Q :

this o dilicately ( : delicatly (* rest
that ( test

374 SAPHO AND PHAO
tire in thine own breast, thou shouldest dwel with tire in his forge.
What doth Vulcan ail day but endeuour to be as crabbed in maners,
as he is crooked in body ? driuing nailes, when he should giue kisses,
and hammering hard armours, when he should sing sweete Amors.
It came by lot, not loue, that I was lincked with him. He giues thee
bolts, Cupid, in steed of arrowes, fearing belike (iealous foole that
he is) that if he shuld giue thee an arrow head, he should make 30
himself a broad head. But come, we wil to Syracusa, where thy
deitie shal be shown, and my disdaine. I will yoke the necke, that
t'et neuer bowed, at which, if loue repine, Ioue shal repent. Sapho
shal know, be she neuer so faire, that there is a Venus, which can
c6quer, were she neuer so fortunate.
Culoid. If Ioue espie Sapho, he wil deuise some new shape to
entertaine her.
lénus. Strike thou Sapho, let loue deuise what shape he can.
Cupid. Mother, they say she hath her thoughtes in a string, that
she conquers affections, and sendeth loue vp and downe vpon 40
arrandes ; I am afraid she wil yerke me, if I hit her.
Fenus. Peeuish boy, ean mortal creatures resist that, whieh the
immortall Gods cannot redresse ?
CulOid. The Gods are amorous: and therefore willing to be
pearsed. 4
Venus. And she amiable, & therefore must be pearsed.
Cul, id. I dare hot.
Venus. Draw thine arrow to the head, els I wil make thee repent
it at the heart. Come away--and behold the ferry boy ready to
onduct vs. (PHAo adz,ances.) Prety youth, do you keep the ferry 5o
that bendeth to Syracusa ?
l'hao. The ferrie, faire Lady, that bendeth to Syracusa.
ICus. I feare if the water should begin to swel, thou wilt want
cuvning to guide.
Phao. These waters are commonly as the passengers be, and
therefore carying one so faire in shew, there is no cause to feare
a rough sea.
Venus. To passe the rime in thy boate, canst thou deuise any
pastime ?
Phao. If the winde be with me, I can angle, or tell tales: if6o
against me, it will be pleasure for you to sec mec take paines.
8 hot QQ: and hot 'l. a w. 4 arrandes Q.Q. : e.'-tunds I. '.
a ay, Q' "131. a w. : QI bas no stol 49

sc. ri
Venus.
PAao.
sea.
Venus.
PAao.
Venus.
PAao.
my raie.

I like not fishing : yet was I borne of the sea.
But he may blesse fishing, that eaught sueh an one in the

It was hOt with an angle, my boy, but with a nette.
So was it said, that Vulcan caught Mars with Venus.
Didst thou heare so ? It was some tale.
Yea Madame, and that in the boate I didde meane to make

Venus. It is not for a ferry man to taik of the Gods loues : but to
tell how thy father couid dig, and thy mother spinne. But corne, let
vs away.
29hao. I am ready to waite. .Exeunt.

SCH.rA SEctmOA.--(The same.)
(Enter) TRACHINUS, PANDION, CRYTICUS, MOLUS.
racAi. Pandion, since your comming from the vniuersifie to the
cou, from Athens to Syracus how doe you feele your self altered
either in humor or opinion ?
andi. Aitered Trachinus, I say no more, and shame that any
shouid know so much.
Traci. Here you see as t vertue, far greater braue, the
action of that which you c6template. Sapho, faire by nature, by
bih royall, lmed by eduoetion, by gouemment lite, fich by
peace: insomuch as it is hard to iudge, whether she be more
,o beautifull or se, veuous or fortunate. Beesides, doe you hOt
looke on faire Ladies in steede of good letters, and behold fae
fac in stoed of fine phres ? In vniuersities vertues and vices are
but shadowed in colours, white and blacke, in coues shewed to
lire, good and bad. There, times paste are read of in old bookes,
rimes present set downe by new deuises, times to corne conioered
at by aime, by prophesie, or chaunce : here, are rimes in oetion,
hOt by deuise, as fables, but in exoeution, as trueths. Beloeue me
Pandion, in Athens you haue but tombs, we court the bodi, you
the pictures of Venus & the wise Goddesses, we the rsons & the
veu. What hath a scholler round out by study, that a courtier
hath hot found out by pmctise ? Simple are you that thi to see
more at the candle snuffe then the sunne beams, to salle further in
$ so om. BI. P. 2 stee Q : stead BI. F.

376 SAPHO AND PHAO [Ac'rl
a litle brooke, then in the maine Ocean, to make a greater haruest
by gleaning, then reaping. How say you Pandion, is not ail this
truc ?
_Pandi. Trachinus, what would you more, ail truc.
Z'rachi. Cease then to lead thy life in a study, pinned with
a fewe boardes, and endeuour to be a courtier to liue in emboste
rouffes.
]andi. A labour intollerable for Pandion.
rrachL Why ?
_Pandi. ]3ecause it is harder to shape a life to dissemble, then to
goe forward with the libertie of trueth.
rrachi. Why, do you thinke in court any vse to dissemble ?
Jandi. Doe you knowe in court any that meane to liue ?
rracM. You haue no reas6 for it, but an old reporte.
_Pandi. Reporte hath hOt alwaies a blister on her tongue.
Trac£ I, but this is the court of Sapho, natures miracle, which
resembleth the tree Salurus, whose roote is fastned vpon knotted
steele, & in whose top bud leaues of pure gold. 40
_Pandi. Yet hath Salurus blasts, and water boughes, wormes and
Caterpillers.
Trachi. The verrue of the tree is not the cause: but the
Easterly wind, which is thought commonly to bring cankers and
rottenesse. 4
2andi. Nor the exeelleneie of Sapho the occasion: but the
iniquitie of flatterers, who alwaies whisper in Princes eares suspition
and sowrenesse.
TrachL Why, then you conclude with me, that Sapho for vertue
hath no copartner.
2°andi. Yea, & with the iudgement of the world, that she is without
eomparison.
Trachi. We wil thither streight.
andi. I would I might returne streight.
Trachi. Why, there you may liue stil.
Pandi. But not still.
Z'racM. Howe like you the Ladies, are they hOt passing faire ?
Pandi. Mine eie drinketl-r neither the colour of wine nor women.
7"racM. Yet ara I sure that in iudgemente you are not so
seuere, but
night.

that you can be content to allowe of bewtie by day or by 60
29 rouffes QQ : roofes 27L F. 34 Why,] Why Qt.

at:.n] AFIO AND PHAO 377
andi. When I behold bewty before the sunne, his beams dimme
bewtie : when by candle, bewty obscures toarch light : so as no time
I can iudge, because at anie time I cannot discerne, being in the
sunne a brightnesse to shadow bewtie, and in bewtie a glistering to
extinguish light.
Z'racM. Schollerlike said ; you flatter that, whiche you seeme to
mislike, and (seek) to disgrace that, which you rnoste wonder at.
But let vs away.
andi. I follow. And you sir boy (1o MOLUS) goe to Syracusa
about by land, where you shall meete my stuffe ; pay for the cariage,
and conuey it to my lodgng.
Tracer. I think ail your stuffe are bundles of paper: but now
must you learne to turne your library to a wardrope, & sec whether
your rapier hang better by your side, then the penne did in your ente.
'xeutl (TRACHINUS and PANDION).

SCI-I.ENA TERTIA.--(T]W saine.)
CRYTICUS, MOLUS.
Crit. Molus, what oddes betweene thy commons in Athens, and
the diet in court ? A pages lire, & a scollers ?
A[olus. This difference : there of a litle I had somewhat, here of
a great deale nothing, there did I weare Pantopheles on my legs, here
$ doe I beare them my bandes.
Criti. Thou maist be skilled in thy Logick, but hot in thy Lery-
poo : belike no mente can downe with you, vnlesse you haue a knife
to cutte it: but corne among vs, and you shall sec vs once in a
morning ue a mouse at a bay.
xo A[olus. & mouse ? vnproperly spoken.
CHli. Aptly vnderstoode, a mouse of beafe.
Iolus. I thinke indeed a peece of beafe as bigge as a mouse,
serues a grt companie of such cattes. But what els ?
CHti. For other sportes, a square die in a pages pocket, is as
, decent as a square cap on a Graduates head.
A[olus. You courtiers be mad fellowes ! wee silly soul are onely
plodders at ErKo, whose wittes are claspt vppe with our bookes, & so
full of leaming are we at home, tt we soerce know good manners
64 discerne, the necessary comma flrst in QU 68 [seek] su/lied 7o boy
Qt#:: yes Q'BI. 75 Y our* QQ: you 1. the] thy Qi'LI.:
4 did I QQ : I did '1.

378 SAPHO AND PHAO [ACTt
when wee come abroad. Cunning in nothing but in making small
things great by figures, pulling on with the sweate of our studies 2o
a great shooe vpon a litle foote, burning out one edle in seeking for
an other, raw wordlings in matters of substaunee, passing wranglers
about shadowes.
Criti. Then is it rime lost to be a scholler. We pages are
l'olitians : for looke what we heare out maisters talke of, we deter- 2 s
mine of: where we suspect, we vndermine: and where we mislike
for some perdcular grudge, there we piek quarrels for a generall
griefe. Nothing amonge vs but in steede of good moro; what
newes ? wee lai from cogging at dice, to cogge with states: & so
forward are meane mG in those matters, that they wold be cocks to 3o
tread down others, before they be chicks to rise themselues.
¥outhes are very forwarde to stroke their chins, though they
haue no beardes, and to lie as lowd as hee that hath liued longest.
AIolus. These be the golden daies !
Criti. Then be they very darke daies : for I can see no golde. 35
Molus. ¥ou are grosse witted, maister courtier.
Criti. And you maister scholler slender witted.
Alolus. I meant times which were prophecied golden for plentie
of ail things, sharpnesse of wit, excellencie in knowledge, polIicy in
gouernment, for-- 40
Criti. Softe Scholaris, I denie your argument.
MoIus. Why, it is no argument.
Criti. Then I denie it because it is no argument. But let vs go
and follow our maisters. .Exeunt.

SClJ.A QLARI'A.--( T/te saine.)
(Enter) MILETA, LAMIA, FAUILLA, IStENA, CANOPE, EUGENUA.
«lileta. Is it hot stmung that Phao on the sodain shuld be so
faire ?
Zamim It oennot be straunge, sith Venus was disposed to make
him faire. That cunnlng had beene better bestowed on women,
which would haue deserued thankes of nature.
Isme. Haplye she did it in spite of women, or scome of nature.
Can@e. Proud elle ! how squeamish he is become alreadie, vsing
2o -ith reeated in BL 2 wordlings Qt : worldlin Q BL F. 5
Politians sa aa. e wte 6 where * QQ : and where Z ; 3î you
QQ : your l.

sc. xv] SAPHO AND PHAO 379
both disdaineful lookes, & imperious words: insomuch that he
galleth with ingratitude. And then Ladies, you know how it cutteth
ao a woman to become a wooer.
.Euge. Tush ! children and fooles, the fairer they are, the sooner
they yeeld ; an apple will catch the one, a baby the other.
1sine. ¥our loouer I thinke be a faire foole : for you loue nothing
but fruit and puppets.
.lileta. I laugh at that you ail call loue, and iudge it onely
a worde called loue. Me thinks lyking, a curtesie, a smile, a beck,
and such like, are the very Quintessence of loue.
.Far)illa. I, Mileta, but were you as wise, as you would be thought
faire, or as faire, as you think your self wise, you would bee as ready
o to please men, as you are coye to pranke your selfe, & as earefull to
bee accounted amorous, as you are willing to be thought discrete.
27Iileta. No, no, men are good soules (poore soules :) who neuer
enquire but with their eies, louing to father the cradle, though they
but mother the childe. Giue me their giftes, not their verrues;
2. a graine of their golde weigheth downe a pound of their witt ; a dram
of' giue me,' is heauier then an ounce of' heare me.' Beleeue mee
Ladies, 'giue' is a pretie thing.
Isme. I cannot but oftentimes smile to my selfe, to heare men
call vs weake vesselles, when they proue thêselues broken hearted, vs
3Ç fraile, when their thoughtes cannot hang togeather, studying with
words to flatter, and with bribes to allure, when wee commly wish
their tongues in their purses, they speake so simply, and their offers
in their bellies, they doe it so peeuishly.
¢][ilea. It is good sporte to see them v¢ant matter : for then fall
. they to good manners, hauing nothing in their mouthes but 'sweet
mistresse,' wearing our hands out with courtly kissings, when their
wits faile in courtly discourses. Now rufling their haires, now setting
their ruffes, then gazing with their eies, then sighing with a priuie
wring by the hand, thinking vs like to be wowed by signes and
40 ceremonies.
Luge. Yet we, when we sweare with our mouthes wee are hOt in
loue, then we sigh from the heart and pine in loue.
Canopê. Wee are madde wenches, if men marke our wordes : for
whê I say, I would none cared for loue more then I, what meane
4 I, but I woulde none loued but I ? where we cry ' away,' doe we hOt
26 « giue me,' &c. the inverted «ommas here and 11. 356, 45-7 are mine, '.
italicizes 39 wowed Q : wooed Q test. Cf pp. 404, 409

380 SAPHO AND PItAO [ACT I, SC. lV
presently say, ' go too' : & when men striue for kisses, we exclaime, ' let
vs alone,' as though we would fall to that out selues.
.Favi//a. Nay, then Canope, it is rime to goe,--and beehold
Phao !
Isme. Where ?
t:avi//a. In your heade Ismena, no where els : but let vs keepe on
out way.
Isme. Wisely. .Exeunt.

ACTUS SECUNDUS

SCH.NA Pm.xtA.--( Before SYI31LLA)$ Ca,e.)
] HAO, SYBILLA.
(Enter PHAO ,ith a small mirror : SVIILLA sitting in ber Cave.)
Phao. Phao, thy meane fortune causeth thee to vse an oare,
and thy sodaine bewtie a glasse: by the one is seene thy
need, in the other thy pride. O Venus! in thinking thou hast
blest me, thou hast curst me, adding to a poore estate, a proud
heart; and to a disdained man, a disdaining minde. Thou doest
hOt flatter thy selle Phao, thou art faire : faire ? I feare mee faire be
a word too foule for a face so passing fayre. But what auaileth
bewtie ? hadst thou all things thou wouldest wish, thou mightst die
to morrow ; and didst thou want al things thou desirest, thou shalt
liue till thou diest. Tushe Phao ! there is growne more pride in thy
minde, then fauour in thy face. Blush foolish boy, to think on thine
owne thoughts: cease complaints, & craue counsell. And loe!
behold Sybilla in the mouth of ber caue : I will salute her. Ladyê,
I feare me I ara out of my way, and so benighted withall that I ara
compelled to aske your direction.
Sybi. Faire youth, if you will be aduised by mee, you shal for this
rime seeke none other Inne, then my caue: for that it is no lessê
perillous to trauaile by night, then vncomfortable.
Phao. Your curtesie offered hath preuented what my necessity
was to entreate.
Sybi. Corne neere, take a stoole, and sit downe. Now, for that
these winter nights are long, and that children delight in nothing
more then to heare old wiues raies, we will beguile the rime with

___ _j .................. 381
some storie. And though you behold wrinkles and furrowes in my
25 tawny face, yet may you happily finde wisdome and counsell in taï
white haires.
.P]tao. Lady, nothing can content me béttêr thê a tale, neither is
there any thing more necessary for mee then counsell.
SyOi. Were you borne so faire by nature ?
$o 2Aao. No, made so faire by Venus.
SyOi. For what cause ?
2fiao. I feare me for some ourse.
S_r0i. Why, doe you loue, and cannot obteine ?
2àao. No, I may obteine, but cannot loue.
S.v0L Take heede of that my childe !
2Aao. I cannot chuse, good Madame.
SyOt'. Then hearken to my laie, which I hope shall be as a streight
tlread to leade you out of those crooked conceites, and place you in
the plaine path of loue.
'Aao. I attend.
«S),0L When I was young, as you nowe are, I speake il without
boasting, I was as bewtifull: for Phoebus in his Godhead sought to
gette my maydenhead : but I, fonde wench, receiuing a benefit from
aboue, began to waxe squemishe beneath, not vnlike to Asolis, which
beeing ruade greene by heauenly droppes, shrinketh into the grounde
when there fall showers: or the Syrian mudde, which being made
white chalk by the sunne, neuer ceaseth rolling, til il lie in the
shadow. He to sweete praiers added great promises ; I, either
desirous to make trial of his power, or willing to prolong mine owne
lire, caught vp my handful of sand, consenting to his suite, if I might
liue as many yeares as there were graines. Phoebus, (for what
cannot Gods doe, and what for loue will they not do,) graunted
my petition. And then, I sighe and blushe to tell the test, I recalled
my promise.
2:'hao. Was not the God angry to sec you so vnkinde ?
..çyOi. Angry my boy, which was the cause that I was vnfortunate.
.Phao. What reuenge for such rigor vsed the Gods ?
._çyOi. None, but suffring vs to liue, and know wee are no Gods.
Phao. I pray tell on.
._çyOi. I will. Hauing receiued long life by Phoebus, & rare
bewtie by nature, I thought ail the yeere woulde haue beene May,
5 happily QI BI. F. : happely Q 4' wexe Q 5 Gods QQ : the Gods
BI. 2;'. $ 7 vsed so ail» tAough S.Fbilla s relVy suggesls vse as better

382 SAPHO AND PHAO
that fresh colours would alwaies continue, yt time & fortune could
hot weare out, what Gods and nature had wrought vppe : hot once
imagining that white and read should returne to black and yellow;
the Iuniper, the longer it grew, the crookedder it waxed ; or that in a
face without blemish, there should come wrinkles without number.
I did as you do, go with my glasse, rauished with the pride of mine
own bewtie ; & you shall do as I doe, loath to see a glasse, disdain-
ing deformitie. There was none that heard of my fault, but shunned
my fauour, insomuch as I stooped for age before I tasted of youth,
sure to be long liued, vncerteine to bee beloued. Gentlemen that
vsde to sigh from their heartes for my sweete loue, began to point
with their fingers at my withered face, & laughed to see the eies,
out of 'hich tire seemed to sparkle, to be suckered being old with
spectacles. This causeth me to withdraw my selfe to a solitary caue,
where I must leade sixe hundred yeeres in no lesse pensiuenesse of
crabbed age, then grief of remembred youth. Only this comfort,
that being ceased to be faire, I study to be wise, wishing to be
thought a graue matr6, since I cannot returne tobe a young maide.
/ao. Is it hot possible to die before you become so old ?
Srbi. No more possible then to returne as you are, to be so
young.
hao. Could hot you settle your fancie vpon any, or would
hot destinie surfer it ?
Svbi. Women willinglye ascribe that to fortune, which wittingl,
was committed by frowardnesse.
hao. What will you haue me doe ?
S),bi. Take heede you do hOt as I did. 5Iale hot too much of
fading bewty, which is fait in the cradle, & foul in the graue; re-
sembling Polyon, whose leaues are white in the moming, and blew 9o
before night, or Anyta, which being a sweet flower at the rising of the
sunne, becommeth a weede, if it be hot pluckt before the setting.
Fair faces haue no fruites, if they haue no witnesses. When you
shall behold ouer this tender flesh a tough slinne, your eies which
were wont to glaunce on others faces tobe suncke so hollow, that
you can scarce looke out of your own head, and when all your teeth
shall wagge as faste as your tongue, thê wil you repent the rime
'hich you cannot recall, and be enforced to beare what moste you
64 read Q': ted Q I.F. 65 the* om. l. F. wexed Q- BI.F.
74 suckered Q : succored QZ : succourecI BI. F. 9o Polyon old caS. : Polgon
95 on Q : at Q BI. P.

blame. Loose not the pleasaunt time of your youth, then the which
oo there is nothing swifter, nothing sweeter. Bewtie is a slippery good,
which decreaseth whilest it is encreasing, resêbling the Medler, which
in the moment of his full ripenes is known to be in a rottennes.
Whiles you looke.in the glasse, it waxeth old with time ; if on the
Sunne, parcht with heate; if on the winde, blasted with cold.
o5 A great care to keepe it, a short space to enioy it, a sodain rime to
loose it. ]3ee not coy when you are courted. Fortunes wings are
ruade of times feathers, which stay not whilest one may measure
them. ]3e affable and curteous in youth, that you may be honoured
in age. Roses that lose their colours, keepe their sauours, and
I IO pluckt from the stalke, are put to the still. Cotonea, becauge it
boweth when the sunne riseth, is sweetest, when it is oldest : and
children, which in their têder yeeres sow curtesie, shal in their de-
clining states reap pitie. ]3e hOt proud of bewties painting: whose
colours c6sume themselues, because they are bewties painting.
x5 _,r'hao. I ara driuen by your counsell into diuerse conceites, neither
knowing how to stande, or where to fall : but to yeelde to loue is the
only thing I hate.
Sybi. I c6mit you to fortune, who is like to play such prancks
with you, as your têder yeeres can scarse beare, nor your greene wits
x2a vnderstand. But repaire vnto me often, and if I cannot remoue the
effectes, yet I will manifest the causes.
_,r'hao. I goe, ready to returne for aduice, before I am resolued to
aduenture.
Sybi. Yet hearken two words : thou shalt get friendshippe by dis-
x 2. sembling, loue by hatred, vnlesse thou perish, thou shalt perish : in
digging for a stone, thou shalt reach a starre: thou shalt be hated
most, because thou art loued most. Thy death shalbe feared &
wished: so much for prophecie, which nothing can preuent: and
this for counsell, which thou maist follow. Keepe hOt companie
3o with Antes that haue winges, nor talke with any neere the hill of
a mowle ; where thou smellest the sweetnesse of serpents breath,
beware thou touch no parte of the bodie. Be hOt mery among those
that put 13uglosse in their wine, and suger in thine. If any talke of
the Eclipse of the sunne, say thou neuer sawest it. Nourishe no
35 conies in thy vaultes, nor swallowes in thine eues. Sowe next thy
12 I will Q: willIQ21LF. 24 two QQ: to my/L F. 5 hatred,
Q: hatred ; Q2r¢st x3t mowle ; Qa 1l..: Qtreads Ante% ,,. vinges» ...
any, ... rnowle»

384 SAPHO AND PHAO [Acr n
vine 31"andrage, and euer keepe thine eares open, and thy mouth
shut, thine eies vpwarde, and thy fingers downe : so shalt thou doe
better then otherwise, though neuer so well as I wishe.
Phao. Alas! Madame, your prophesie threatneth miseries, and
your counsell warneth impossibilities.
SybL Farewell, I can answere no more. Exit (into cave).

4 o

SCH/ENA SECUNDA.-- < ']te same. )
(.Enter, to) PHAO, SAPHO, TRACHINUS, PANDION, CRITICUS,
MOLVS.
Phao. Vnhappy Phao !--But sorte, what gallant troupe is this?
what Gentlewoman is this ?
Crt'i. Sapho, a Lady heere in Sycily.
Saioho. What faire boy is that ?
Trachi. Phao, the Ferrie man of Syracusa. $
Phao. I neuer saw one more braue: be al Ladies of such
maiestie ?
Criti. No, this is she that al wonder at and worship.
Sapho. I haue seldome seene a sweeter face. Be ail Ferrie men
of that fairenesse ? to
2"rachi. No Madame, this is he that Venus determined among
men to make the fairest.
Sapho. Seeing I ara onely come forth to take the ayre, I will
crosse the Ferrie, and so the fieldes, then going in through the park,
I thinke the walke wil be pleasant. ,5
TrachL You will much delight in the flattering greene, which
now beginneth to be in his glory.
S,ho. Sir boy, will yee vndertake to cary vs ouer the water?
Are you dumb, can you not speake ?
Phao. Madame, I craue pardon, I ara spurblinde, I could scarse ao
sec.
Sapho. It is pitie in so good a face there should bec an euill eie.
-,°hao. I would in my face there were neuer an cie.
Saiho. Thou canst neuer bec rich in a trade of lire of alI the
basest, aS
Photo. Yet content Madame, which is a kind of life of ail the
best.
36 vine Qt : vlnes Q*/l. F. s.D. Exit. sa ai1 a is Q* 'l. . : in Qt
26 of' om. 131.

sc. nJ SAPHO AND PHAO 385
Sa//$o. Wilt thou forsake the ferrie, and followe the court as
a Page ?
PAao. As it pleaseth fortune Madame, to whome I am a prentice.
Salh/$o. Corne, let vs goe.
Trac/£ Will you goe Pandion ?
t'andi. Yea. Exeun.

SCH,NA TERTIA.--(2
MOLUS, CRYTICUS, CALYVHO.

(Jnttr MOLUS and CRITICUS, meeting.)
zWolus. Cryticus comes in good time, I shall hot bee alone. Vhat
newes Cryticus ?
Ch'E. I taught you that lesson, to aske what newes, & this is the
newes : to morow ther shalbe a desperate fray betweene two, made
$ at all weapons, from the browne bill to the bodkin.
zWolus. Now thou talkest of frayes, I pray thee what is that,
whereof they talke so commonlye in courte, valour, the stab, the
pistoll, for the which euery man that dareth is so much honoured ?
Criti. 0 Molus, beware of valour ! hee that can looke bigge, and
xo weare his dagger pomel lower thê the point, that lyeth at a good
warde, and can hit a button with a thrust, and will into the field man
to man for a boute or two, he, Molus, is a shrewd fellow, and shall
be well followed.
2Wolus. What is the end ?
$ Criti. Daunger or death.
2Wolus. If it be but death that bringeth all this commendation,
I account him as valiant that is killed with a surfer, as with
a sword.
Crin'. How so ?
2o 3folur. If I venture vpon a full stomacke to eat a rasher on the
coales, a carbonado, drinke a caxouse, swallow all things that may
procure sicknesse or death, ara not I as valiaunt to die so in a
house, as the other in a field ? Me thinkes that Epicures are as
desperate as soldiours, and cookes prouide as good weapons as
25 cutlers.

a8 the Q: thy Q* BI. F.
2 a a Q1 : an Q* BI. F.

OI¢D I1

4 be oto. QU, imerted before betweene by BI. P.

386 SAPHO AND PHAO [aCTU
Crit[. 0 valiaunt knight !
]lolus. I will die for it, what greater valor ?
Citi. Schollers' fight, who rather seeke to choak thelr stomackes,
then see their blood.
. 2I[olus. I will stand vppon this point : if it bee valour to date die, 3o
he is valiaunt how soeuer he dieth.
Criti. Well, of this hereafter: but here commeth Calipho, we
will haue some sporte.
(Enler CALVPHO. )
Caly. My mistresse, I think, hath got a Gadfly, neuer at home,
and yet none can tel where abrode. My maister was a wise man, 3$
when he matcht with such a womanne. When she cornes in, we
must put out the tire, because of the smoake, hang vp out hammers
because of the noise, and doe no worke, but watch what shee
wanteth. She is faire, but by my troath I doubt of her honestie.
I muste seeke her, thtt I feare Mars hath found. 4o
Citi. Whom doest thou seeke ?
CaZ_v. I haue found those I seeke hot.
lIolus. I hope you haue found those, which are honest.
Cal.v. It may be: but I seeke no such.
l[olus. Co,ticus , ),ou shall see me by learning to proue Calipho 4
to bee the deuill.
Criti. Let vs see, but I pray thee proue it better then thou didst
th), self to be valiant.
.l[olus. Calipho, I will proue thee to bee the diuell.
Caly. Then will I sweare thee to bee a God. o
ci[dus. The diuell is black.
Caly. What care I ?
l[olus. Thou art black.
Caly. What care you ?
Wolus. Therefore thou art the diuell. .
Cal.v. I denie that.
.l[olus. It is the conclusion, thou must hot denie it.
Caly. In spite of ail conclusions, I will denie it.
Criti. Molus, the Smith holdes you hard.
Alolus. Thou seest he hath no reason.
Criti. Trie him againe.
28 Schollers oM eds. which always omit a final apostrophe after s 46
deiull Q1 : diuell Q BL F. 49 the Qt : a Q/iL '.

sc. m.J SAPHO AND PHAO 387
«hralus. I will reason with thee now from a place.
Caly. I meane to aunswere you in no other place.
Alalus. Like maister, like man.
6, Cal),. Yt may be.
A[olus. But thy maister hath hornes.
Cal),. And so maist thou.
A[olus. Therefore thou hast hornes, and ergo a deuill.
Caly. Be they ail diuelles haue hornes ?
o At'lus. Ail men that haue hornes, are.
Calg,. Then are there moe diuels on earth thê in hell.
AIolus. But what doest thou answere ?
Caly. I deny that.
«ll"olus. What ?
7. Cal)'. Whatsoeuer it is, that shall proue mee a diuell. But
hearest thou scholler, I am a plaine fellow, and can fashion
nothing but ss'ith the hammer. What wilt thou say, if I proue thee
a smith ?
A[olus. Then will I say thou art a scholler.
8o Criti. Proue it Calipho, and I will give thee a good ColaS]tutu.
Caly. I will proue it, or els--
Criti. Or els what ?
Caly. Or els I will not prooue it. Thou art a Smith : therefore
thou art a smith. The conclusion, you say, must not bee denyed :
8 & therfore itis true, thou art a smith.
A'Iolus. I, but I denie your Antecedent.
Caly. I, but you shal hot. Haue I hot toucht him, Cryticus ?
Crit«'. You haue both done leamedly : for as sure as he is a smith,
thou art a diuell.
9 ° Caly. And then he a deuill, because a smith : for that it was his
reas to make me a deuil, being a smith.
A[olus. There is no reasoning with these _Iechanical doltes, whose
wits are in their hands, not in their heads.
Criti. Be not cholericke, you are wise : but let vs take vp this
90 matter with a song.
Caly. I am content, my voice is as good as my reason.
_Iolus. Then shall we haue sweete musick. But corne, I will not
breake of.

6 9 hatae Qa : that hatae Q/5'1. a.

Cc2

388

Criti.
Ioh«s.
Caly.

Crili.
Iolus.
C, dy.
#Iolus.
Caly.
Ciwr. {

SAPHO AND PHAO

SONG.
M Erry Knaues are we three-a.
When out Songs do agree-a.
0 now I well see-a»
What anon we shall be-a.
If we ply thus our singing,
Pots then must be flinging,
If the drinke be but stinging.
I shall forget the Rules of Grammer.
And I the pit-apat of my Hammer.
To th' Tap-house then lets gang, and rore,
Cal hard, tis rare to vamp a score,
Draw dry the tub, be it old or new,
And part hOt till the ground looke blew.

[ACT II

.xeunt.

|oo

IiO

SCH2ENA QUARTA.--(Before SYBILLA'S
HAO SYBILLA.
(Enter eHAO.)
PAao. What vnacquainted thoughtes are these Phao, farre vnfit
for thy thoughtes, vnmeet for thy birth, thy fortune, thy yeares, for
Phao! vnhappy, canst thou not be content to beholde the sunne,
but thou muste couet to build thy nest in the Sunne ? Doth Sapho
bewitch thee, whome ail the Ladies in Sicily coulde hot wooe ?
poore Phao, the greamesse of thy mind is far aboue the bewtie of
thy face, and the hardnesse of thy fortune beyonde the bitternesse
of thy words. Die Phao, Phao die : for there is no hope if thou bee
wise ; nor safetie, if thou be fortunate. Ah Phao, the more thou
seekest to suppresse those mounting affections, they soare the loftier,
& the more thou wrestlest with them, the stronger they waxe, not
vnlike vnto a ball, which the harder it is throwne against the earth,
the higher it boundeth into the ayre: or our Sycilyan stone, which
groweth hardest by hammeringe. O diuine loue! and therefore
diuine, because loue, whose deitie no conceite canne compase, and
therfore no authoritie canne constraine ; as miraculous in working as
mightie, & no more to bee suppressed then comprehended. Howe
now Phao, whether art thou caried, committing idolatrie with that
Goal, whome thou hast cause to blaspheme? O Sapho! faire
S.D. SONG.] QQ, without the words.flrstgfven in BI. 3 PhaoI] Phao : Q* :
Phao ? (as oftenfor !) Q*/?L : Phao, . kwith yeares ; for yeares,) wrongly

sc. iv] SAPHO AND FHAt) 389
2o Sapho! peace miserable wretch, enioy thy care in couert, weare
willow in thy hatte, and baies in thy hart. Leade a Lamb in thy
hand, & a Fox in thy head, a doue on the back of thy hand,
& a sparow in the palme. Gold boyleth best, whê it bubleth
least ; water runneth smoothest, where it is deepest. Let thy loue
25 hang at thy hearts bottome, not at the tongues brimme. Things
vntold, are vndone ; there can be no greater comforte, then to
know much, nor any lesse labour, then to saye nothing. But ah!
thy bewty Sapho, thy bewty ! Beginnest thou to blabbe ? I, blabbe
it Phao, as long as thou blabbest her bewty. Becs that die with
3o honney, are buried with harmonie. Swannes that end their liues
with songs, are couered when they are dead with flowers: and they
that till their latter gaspe commend bewty, shall be euer honoured
with benefites. In these extreamities I will goe to none other
Oracle then Sybilla, whose olde yeares haue not beene idle in these
35 young attemptes, & whose sound aduice may mitigate (though the
heauês cannot remoue) my miseries. O Sapho! sweete Sapho!
Sapho !--Sibilla ?
(SYBILLA a2ears in lhe mouth of lhe Cave.)
Sybi. XVho is there ?
t'hao. One hOt worthy to be one.
4o Sybi. Faire Phao ?
thao. Vnfortunate Phao !
Sybi. Corne in.
/'hao. So I wil ; and quite thy talc of Phcebus, with one whose
brightnesse darkeneth Phcebus. I loue Sapho, Sybilla ; Sapho, ah
45 Sapho, Sybilla !
Sybi. A short talc Phao, and a sorowfull ; it asketh pitie rather then
eounsell.
/'hao. So it is Sybilla: yet in those firm yeares me thinketh
there shold harbour such experience, as may deferre, though not take
o away, my destinie.
Sybi. It is hard to cure that by wordes, which cannot be eased by
hearbes ; and yet if thou wilt take aduice, be attentiue.
t'hao. I haue brought mine eares of purpose, and will hftg at your
mouth, til you haue finished your discourse.
55 Sybi. Loue, faire ehild, is to be gouerned by arte, as thy boat by
an oare : for rancie, thogh it e6meth by hazard, is ruled by wisdome.
32 latter Qa : later Q Bl. F.

390 SAPHO AND PHAO [^cTII
If rny preceptes may perswade, (and I pray thee let them perswade)
I 'oulde wish thee first to be diligent: for that womenne desire
nothing more then to haue their seruants ooEcious. Be alwaies in
sight, but neuer slothful. Flatter, I meane lie ; litle things catch 60
light mindes, and fancy is a worme, that feedeth first vpon fenell.
Imagine with thy selle ail are to bee won, otherwise mine aduise were
as vnnecessary as thy labour. It is vnpossib]e for the brittle metta]l
of womê to withstand the flattering attemptes of men : only this, let
them be asked ; their sex requireth no lesse, their modesties are to
be allowed so much. Be prodigall in prayses and promises, bewtie
must haue a trumpet, & pride a gifte. Peacocks neuer spread ther
feathers, but when they are flattered, & Gods are seldome p|eased,
if they be not bribed. There is none so foule, that ttfinketh hot
ber selle faire. In commending thou canst loose no labor; for of
euery one thou shalt be beleeued. Oh simple women! that are
brought rather to beleeue what their eares heare of flattering men,
then what their eies see in true glasses.
P]ao. ¥ou degresse, onely to make mee beleeue that women do
so lightly beleeue.
Sybi. Then to the purpose. Chuse such times to break thy
suite, as thy Lady is pleasant. The wooden horse entred Troy,
when the soldiers were quaffyng; and Penelope forsooth, whome
fables make so coy, among the pottes wrong ber wooers by the fists,
when she lowred on their faces. Grapes are minde glasses. Venus
worketh in Bacchus presse, & bloweth tire vpon his lycour. When
thou talkest with ber, let thy speach be pleasant, but hot incredible.
Chuse such words as may (as many may) melt her minde. Honney
ranckleth, when it is eaten for pleasure, and faire words wound,
when they are hearde for loue. Write, and persist in writing ; they
read more then is written to them, & write lesse then they thinke.
In c6ceite studie to be pleasaunt, in attire braue, but hot too curious ;
when she smileth, laugh outright ; if rise, stande vp ; if sit, lye downe.
Loose al thy time to keepe time with her. Can you sing, shew your
cunning ; can you daunce, vse your legges ; can you play vpp6 any
instrument, practise your fingers to please ber fancy ; seeke out qualy-
ries. If she seeme at the first cruell, be hOt dlscouraged. I tell
the a straung thing, womenne striue, because they would be ouer-
6 light QQ 1. : little v. 65 lesse Q : losse Q BI. af'. 74 digresse
( rest 79 wrong QQ : wrung BI. a'. 80 on their] wrong Q are
ont. Q. .BI..F. w]tich ai1 read faces, for faces, off) 1

Zo great desires, as pine in base fortunes.

..... j .................. 39 I
corne: force they call it, but such a welcome force they account it,
95 that continually they study to be enforced. To faire words ioyne
sweet kisses, which if they gently receiue, I say no more, they wil
gently receiue. But be hot pinned alwaies on her sleeues, straungers
haue greene rushes, whê daily guests are hot worth a rushe. Looke
pale, and learne to be leane, that who so seeth thee, may say, the
ioo Gentleman is in loue. Vse no sorcerie to hasten thy successe:
wit is a witch: Ulysses was hot faire, but wise, not cunning in
charmes, but sweete in speach, whose filed t6gue made those in-
amoured that sought to haue him inchaated. Be hOt coy, beare,
sooth, sweare, die to please thy Lady: these are rules for poore
o louers, to others I am no mistresse. He hath wit ynough, that can
giue ynough. Dumbe men are eloquent, ifthey be liberall. Beleeue
me great gifts are little Gods. When thy mistresse doth bend her
brow, do hOt thou bend thy fiste. Camokes must be bowed with
sleight, hot strêgth ; water (is) to be trained with pipes, hOt stopped
o with sluses ; tire to be quenched with dust, hot with swordes. If
thou haue a ryuall, be pacient ; arte muste winde him out, hOt
malice ; time, hOt might ; her chaunge, and thy constancie. What-
soeuer she weareth, sweare it becomes her. In thy loue be secrete.
Venug cofers, though they bee hollow, neuer sound, & when they
5 seeme emptiest, they are fullest. Old foole that I am ! to doe thee
good, I beginne to doate, & counsell that, which I woulde haue
concealed. Thus, Phao, haue I giuen thee certeine regardes, no
rules,--only to set thee in the way, hOt to bring thee h6e.
°hao. Ah, Sybilla, I pray goe on, that I may glutte my selfe in
i2o this science.
Sybi. Thou shalt hot surfette Phao, whilest I diet thee. Flyes
tbat die on tbe honneysuckle become poyson to bees. A little in
loue is a great deale.
,Phao. But all that can be saide hOt enough.
i S)'bi. White siluer draweth blacke lines, and sweete wordes wil!
breede sharpe tormentes.
t'hao. What shall become of mee ?
Sybi. Goe dare. ( Exit into
Phao. I goe !--Phao, thou canst but die, & then as good die with
vExit.

o8 do repeated in Q I hOt Q/71. . : nor Q s. r. [Exit &c.] I
$ut2My this for Sybilla ha'e, situe ai1 eds. t'int Exit for 19hao below

SAPHO AND PHAO [ACTm
392

ACTUS TERTIUS

(Enter)

TradL
cause.
2]lileta.
tgandi.
heate.

SCH/ENA PRiMA.( Ante-roora ofSAPHO'S Chamber.)
TRACHINUS, IANDION, MILETA, ISMENA, (and la/er)
EUGENUA.
Sapho is faine sodenly sick, I cannot guesse the

Some colde belike, or els a womans qualme.
A straunge nature of colde, to dilue one into such an
«]lileta. Your Phisick sir, I thinke be of the second sort, els
would you hot iudge it rare, that whot feuers are ingendred by
cold causes.
tandi. Indeede Lady, I haue no more Phisick then wil purge
choller, and that if it please you, I will practise vpon you. It is good
for women that be waspish.
2rsme. Fayth, sir, no, you are best purge your owne melancholy:
belike you are a maie content.
tandi. It is true, and are hOt you a femme content ?
TrachL Softe ! I am hOt content, that a maie and FemMe content,
should go together.
z]lileta. Ismena is disposed to be tuerie.
fs»te. No, it is Pandion would faine seeme wise.
TrachL You shall hot fall out! for Pigions ai'ter byting fall to
billing, and open iarres make the closest lestes.
(Enter EUGENUA. )
.Eu, ge. Milet& ! Ismena ! Mileta ! Corne away, my Lady is in
a sowne !
.31iela. Aye me !
fs»ne. Come, let vs make baste. (Exeun! EUG. MIL. Is,xt.)
Trachi. I ara soile for Sapho : because shee will take no Phisicke ;
like you Pandion, who being sick of the sullens, will seeke no filend.
tandi. Of men we learne to speake, of Gods to holde our peace.
Silence shall disgeste what follye hath swallowed, and wisdome
weane what fancie hath noursed.
Trachi. Is it not loue ?
tandi. If it were, what then ?

,.c. q &rrto arL rrao 393
2rrach[. Nothing, but that I hope it be not.
Z'andi. Why, in courtes there is nothing more cornrnon. And as
to be bald among the Micanyans it was accounted no sharne, because
35 they were all balde: so to be in loue among courtiers it is no
discredit : for that they are al in loue.
2rrachi. Why, what doe you think of our Ladies ?
landi. As of the Seres' wooll, which beeing whitest & softest
fretteth soonest and deepest.
4o 2rrachi. I will hOt tempt you in your deepe Melcholy, least you
seeme sowre to those which are so sweete. But corne, let vs walke
a litle into the fieldes, it may bec the open ayre will disclose your
close conceites.
landi. I will goe with you : but send our pages away. Exeunt.

SCH,-ENA SECVNDA.--(.,4 Street.)
(Enter) CRVTICUS, MOLUS, (afierwards) CALYPHO.
Criti. What browne studie art thou in Molus ? no mirth ? no lire ?
31rolus. I am in the depth of my learning driuen to a muse, how
this lent I shall scarnble in the court, that was woont to fast so ofte
in the Vniuersitie.
5 Criti. Thy belly is thy God.
2Wolus. Then is he a deaffe God.
Criti. Why ?
2Wolus. For venter non habet aures. But thy backe fs thy God.
CritL Then is it a blind God.
lo M'olus. How proue you that ?
Criti. Easie. Nemo vider manticte quod in tergo est.
2Wolus. Then woulde the sachell that hanges at your God, id est,
your backe, were full of meate to stuffe rny God, hoc est, my belly.
Criti. Excellent. But how canst thou studie, when thy rninde is
onely in the kitchen ?
3[olus. Doth hOt the horse trauell beste, that sleapeth with his
head in the rnaunger ?
Cdti. Yes, what then ?
3Iolus. Good wittes wil apply. But what cheere is there here
2o this Lent ?
Critt: Fish.
Molus. I tan eate none, it is winde.
9 is it Qa : it is Qa Bi. F. 16 trauell QI .. trauaile Qt BI./.
winde : windie Q2 B1. 2 '-

394 SAPHO AND PHAO [ACTIII
Criti. Egges.
#lolus. I must eate none, they are tire.
Crili. Ceese. a
Alol«s. Itis against the old verse, Caseus es! nequam.
Criti. Yea, but it disgesteth all things except it selle.
Arolus. Yea, but if a man hath nothing els to eate, what shall
it disgest ?
CriE. You are disposed to iest. But if your silkê throat can 3o
swallow no packtlread, you must pick your teeth, and play with your
trencher.
Molus. So shall I not incurre the fulsome & vnmannerly sinne
of surfetting. But here commeth Calipho.

(Enter C^LVVHO. )
Criti. What newes ? 35
Caly. Since my being here, I haue sweat like a dogge, to proue
my maister a deuill ; hee brought such reasons to refel me, as
I promise you, I shall like the better of his witte, as long as I am
with him ?
AIolus. How ? 40
Caly. Thus, I alwayes arguing that he had hornes, & therefore
a diuell, hee saide : foole, they are things lyke hornes, but no homes.
For once in the Senate of Gods being holde a solemn session, in
the midst of their talk I put in my sentence, which was so indif-
ferent, that they ail concluded it might aswel haue beene lefte out,
as put in, and so placed on each side of my head things lyke
homes, and called me a JOarenthesis. Nowe my maisters, this may be
true, for I haue seene it my selle aboute diuerse sentences.
3loIus. It is true, and the mme rime did Mars make a full point,
that Vulcans head was ruade a Parenthesis.
CriE. This shall go with me : I trust in Syracusa to giue one or
other a Parenthesis.
3[oIus. Is Venus yet tome home ?
Caly. No, but were I Vulcan, I would by the Gods--
Criti. What wouldest thou ?
Cal),. Nothing, but as Vulcan, halt by the Gods.
Cdti. I thought you would haue hardly entreated Venus.
Calg,. Nay, Venus is easily entreated : but let that goe bie.

tire o all 38 like (i : thinke (" BL F. 43 holde Qx : holden Q BL F.

sc. HJ 8APHO AND PHAO 395
Criti. What ?
6 Cab,. That which maketh so many l'arenthesis.
AIolus. I must goe by too, or els my maister will not go by
mee: but meete me full with his fiste. Therfore, if we shall sing,
giue me my part quickly : for if I tarrie long, I shall cry my parte
wofully.
SoN.
65 Otaries. ARme, Arme, the Foc comes on apace.
Caly. Whats that red Nose, and sulphury face ?
,Molus. Tis the hot Leader.
Criti. Whats his Name?
3Iolus. Bacchus, a Captaine of plumpe faine:
A Goat the Beast on which he rides,
îo Fat grunting swine run by his sides,
Flis Standerd-bearer feares no knockes,
For he's a drunken Butter-box,
Who when ith' Red field thus he reuels,
Cryes out, ' ten towsan Tunne of Tiuells ! '
75 CaIy. Whats he so swaggers in the Van?
ilolus. O! thats a roring Èng:ishman,
Who in deepe healths do's so excell,
From Dutch and French he beares the bel.
Criti. What Victlers follow Bacchus Campes ?
80 Alolus. Fooles, Fidlers, Panders, Pimpes, and Rampes.
Caly. Sec, sec, the Battaile now growes hot,
Here legs flye, here goes Heads to th' Pot,
Here Whores and Knaues rosse broken glasses,
Here ail the Souldiers looke like Asses.
83 Crili. What man ere heard such hideous noyse?
AIolus. O! thats the Vintners bawling Boyes.
Anon, Anon, the Trumpets are,
Which call them to the fearefull barre.
Caly. Rush in, and lets out forces try.
9 ° Molus. O no, for sec they flic, they flic!
Criti. And so will I.
Caly. And I.
Alolus. And I.
Omnes. Tis a hot day, in drinke to die.

,.xeunL

s.p. SONO.] QQ, without the words, whichrst appear in Blount

396 SAPHO AND PHAO [ACTIII
SCHENA TERTIA.<APHO'S Cazr.>
SAPHO i «r «, MILETA ISMENA KANOPE, EUGENU FAUILLA,
LAMVA.
. Hey o : I know hot wic way to tue e. a
I fainte, I die
lTe/a. Mame, I thinke it good you haue more clothês, and
sweate it out.
Sa. No, no, the best se I finde is to sigh it out.
Isme. A straunge disease, tt should bree such a desire.
Sa. A strang desire that th brought such a disease.
Canote. Where Ladie, doe you feele your most ine ?
Sa. Where no die els OEn feele it Canope.
Canae. At the h ?
SaCro. In the heart.
Canote. Will you haue any J[ito'dale ?
Sa. Yea, if for this disease there wer any 3[ito.date.
«][ile/a. XX%y ? what disease is it Madam, tt phisick ca hot cure
Sa. Onely the disease, MlleS, tt I haue.
2Iileta. Is it a buming ague ?
Sa. I thinke so, or a burning onie.
Euge. Will you haue .any of this Syrope, to moysture your
mouth ?

Sapho. XVould I had some local things to dry my brain. 2o
Favilla. Madame will you see if you can sleepe ?
Sapho. Sleepe Fauilla ? I shall then dreame.
Zamia. As good dreame sleeping, as sigh waking.
tïuge. Phao is cunning in ail kind of simples, and it is hard, if
there bee none to procure sleepe. ,
Sa/ho. Who ?
JEuge. Phao.
._çapho. Yea, Phao ! Phao !--ah Phao ! let him corne presêfly.
_h/ileta. Shall we draw the curteines, whilest you gyue your selfe
to slumber ? o
Sapho. Doe, but departe hOt: I haue such startes in my sleepe,
disquieted I know not how. 2"n a slumber.
Phao ! Phao !

t8 moysture QQ: moysten BI. #2 o local things so all 5o leaue
before to Q"/?L/'. 32 In a slumber o/deds.

Ah Gods

C. 1111 -l-lU ItU 397
Isme. What y you Madame ?
Sapho. Nothing, but if I sleepe hot now, you sende for Phao.
Se fallegh asleee. T Curgais drawne.
'lega. There is a fish called Garus, that hoEleth al sicknesse, so

as whilest it is applyed one name not Garus.
Euge. An euill medicine for vs women: for if we shuld be for-
40 bidden to naine Garus, we shuld chat nothing but Garus.
Cahotée. Well said, Eugenua, you know your selfe.
Euge. Yea Canope, and that I ara one of your sexe.
Isme. I haue hearde of an hearbe called Lunary, that being
bound to the puises of the sick, causeth nothinge but dreames of
45 weddings and daunces.
.Favilla. I think Ismena, that hearb be at thy puises now: for
thou art euer talking of matches and merymentes.
Canope. It is an vnlucky signe in the chamber of the sick to talke
of mariages : for my mother saide, it foresheweth death.
5o [ileta. It is very euill to(o) Canope to sitte at the beddes feete,
and foretelleth daunger: therefore remoue your stoole, and sitte
by me.
.Lamia. Sure it is some cold she hath taken.
Isme. If one were burnt, I thinke wee women woulde say, he died
$$ of a cold.
_avilIa. It may be some conceite.
xWilega. Then is there no feare: for yet. did I neuer heare of
a woman that died of a conceite.
Euge. I mistruste her not : for that the owle hath hOt shrikte at
60 the window, or the night Rauen croked, both being fatall.
avilla. ¥ou are all superstitious: for these bee but fancies of
doting age: who by chance obseruing it in some, haue set it downe
as a religion for all.
îïleta. Fauilla, thou art but a Girle: I would hOt haue a
65 Weesel crye, nor desire to see a Glasse, nor an old wife come into
my chamber ; for then though I lyngred in my diseasi, I should
neuer escape it.
çapho. Ah, whoe is there? (Z/te curtains again drawn back)
what sodeine affrightes bee these ? Me thought Phao came with
-o simples to make me sleep. Did no bodie naine Phao beefore I
beganne to slumber ?
44 causeth Q : cause Q/;'L 2 .

398 SAPHO AND PHAO [crm
Alïlela. Yes, we told you of him.
Sapha. Let him be heere too morow.
Alilela. He shall, will you haue a litle broth to comforte you ?
Saha. I tan relish nothing.
A[ileta. Yet a little you must take to sustaine nature.
Saha. I cannot Mileta, I will hOt. Oh, which way shall I lye ?
what shall I doe ? Heygh ho! 0 Mileta, help to re.are me vp, my
bed, my head lyes too lowe. ¥ou pester mee with too many dothes.
Fie, you keepe the chamber too hotte !--auoide it ! it may be I shall s0
steale a nappe when all are gone.
«[ileta. Wee will. ( Exeunt ai1 the Ladies.)
Sapha sola. Ah ! impacient disease of loue, and Goddesse of loue
thrise vnpitifull. The Eagle is neuer stricken with thunder, nor the
Olyue with lightning, and maye great Ladies be plagued with loue?
O Venus, haue I hot strawed thine Altars with sweete roses ? kepte
thy swannes in cleare ryuers ? fead thy sparrowes with ripe corne,
& harboured thy doues in faire houses ? Thy Tortoys haue I
nourished aader my fig tree, my chhber haue I ceeled with thy
Çockleshels, & dipped thy spung into the freshest waters. Didst 9
thou nourse me in my swadling clouts with wholsome hearbes, that
I might perish in my flowring yeares by fancie ? I perceiue, but to
late I perceiue, and yet hOt too late, because at la.st, that straines
are caught aswell by stooping too low, as reaching to high : that des
are bleared as soone with vapours that corne from the earth, as with 9
beames that procede from the sunne. Loue lodgeth sometimes in
caues: & thou Phoebus, that in the pride of thy hearte shinest ali
day in our Horizon, at night dippest thy head in the _Ocean. Resiste
it Sapho, whilest it is yet tender. Of Acornes comes Oakes, of
droppes floudes, of sparkes flames, of Atomies Elementes. But alas
it fareth with mee as with waspes, who feeding on serpents, make
their stings more venomous: for glutting my selfe on the face of
Phao, I haue made my desire more desperate. Into the neast of an
Mlcyon no birde can enter but the Alcyon, and into the hart of so
great a Ladie can any creep but a great Lord ? There is an hearbe
(hot aalike vnto my loue) whiche the further it groweth from the sea,
the salter it is ; and my desires the more they swarue from reas0n,
the more seeme they reasonable. When Phao commeth, what thfi?
wilt thou open thy loue ? Yea. No ! Sapho : but staring in his face
9 ° spung QQ: sponge BI..F. 97 hearte Q: heate Q BI. P. 9
cornes so all

sc. m] SAPHO AND PHAO 399
,o till thine eies dasell, and thy splrites fainte, die belote his face: then
this shall be written on thy Tomb, that though thy loue were greater
then wisdome could endure, yet thine honour was such, as loue
could hot violate.--Mileta !

A£ileta.
SaCro.
I tume.
Aileta.
Sapho.
and I will
A[ileta.
SaiOha.
eIileta.
Sapho.
A[ileta.
Sapho.

( Ren¢er MILETA and ISMENA.)
I come.
It wil not be, I can take no reste, which way soeuer

A straunge maladie !
Mileta, if thou wilt, a Martiredom. But giue me my lute,
see if in songe I can beguile mine owne eies.
Here Madame.
Haue you sent for Phao ?
And to bring simples that will procure sleepe ?
No.
Foolish wensh, what should the boy doe heere, if he bring

not remedies with him ? you thinke belike I cculd sleep, if I did but
see him. Let him hot come at al : yes, let him come : no, it is no
matter : yet will I trie, lette him come : doe you heare ?
iWileta. Yea Madame, it shall be doone. (She contes from the
3o recess.) Peace, no noise : shee beginneth to fall asleepe. I will goe
to Phao.
Isme. Goe speedily : for if she wake, and finde you hOt heere,
shee will bee angry. Sicke folkes are testie, who though they eate
nothing, yet they feede on gall.
(.Exil MILEXA while ISENA retires.)

SONG.
S,ho. N Cruell Loue! on thee I lay
My ourse, which shall strike blinde the Day :
Neuer may sleepe with veluet hand
Charme thine eyes with Sacred wand;
Thy Iaylours shalbe Hopes and Feares;
Thy Prison-mates, Grones, Sighe», and Teares ;
Thy Play to weare out weary times,
Phantasticke Passions Uowes, and Rimes ;
H o and old eds.: F. mis2rivtts any . D. [Exit MLTA, &c.] 2#rev. eds. contain
no stage-direction S.D. SOI.] QQ bave The Song; iBl. alone of old eds,

SAPHO AND PHAO

[ACT III

Thy Bread bec frownes, thy Drinke bec Gall,
Such as when you Phao call
The Bed thou lyest on by Despaire;
Thy sleepe, fond dreames; thy dreames long Care ;
Hope (like thy foule) at thy Beds head,
Mocke thee, till Madnesse strike thee Dead ;
As Phao, thou dost mec, with thy proud Eyes ;
In thee poore Sapho liues, for thee shee dies.
( The curtainÆ close.

SCrIN^ QUART^.--{ The saine.)
1V[ILETA, PHAO, ISMENA, SAPHO, VENUS.
( lnter MXLET^ and PH^O.)
3Iileta. I woulde eyther your cunning, Phao, or your fortune
might by simples prouoke my Lady tu some slumber.
/']tao. My simples are in operation as my simplicitie is, which if
they du litle good, assuredly they can due no harme.
3Iileta. Were I sicke, the verye sight of thy faire face would driue
me into a sound sleepe.
t'bau. Indeede Gentlewomen are su drowsie in their desires, that
they can scarce hold vp their eies for loue.
l[ileta. I meane the delight of bewtie would su blinde my senses,
as 1 shoulde bee quickly rocked into a deepe rest.
Pao. You women haue an excuse for an aduauntage, which must
be allowed : because onely tu you women it was allotted.
$[ileta. Phao, thou art passing faire, & able tu drawe a chaste eie
not only tu glaunce, but tu gaze on thee. Thy yong yeares, thy
quick wit, thy staied desires are of force tu controll those which
should commaund.
/'ao. Lady, I forgot tu commend you first, and leaste I shoulde
haue ouerslipped tu praise you at all, you haue brought in my
bewtie, which is simple, that in curtisie I might remember yours,
which is singular.
.liIeta. You mistake of purpose, or misc6ster of malice.
,Pho. I am as farre from malice, as you from loue, & tu mistake
of purpose, were tu mislike of peeuishnes.
144 call I omit ?lount's «omma hem x48 Mocke] Z emend Mockes of BI. F.
S.p. [The curtains close] hot in rev. eds. but necessitated by t]e ensuD,g didogu
$. D. SCHENA QUARTA.] Actus tertius, Schena prima oldeds, a Ladies
9 blinde (t : bind (2 //. ,. Ia allowed : (t : allowed, Qe B1. F.

1fil«la. As far as I from loue? Why, think you me so dul
I cannot loue, or so spitefull I will not?
Phao. Neither Lady : but how shoulde men imagine women can
loue, when in their mouths there is nothing rifer, then ' in faith I do
hOt loue.'
A[ilela. Why, wil you haue womês loue in their tongs ?
30 Phao. Yea, els do I think there is none n their harts.
lVlileta. Why ?
Phao. Because there was neuer any thing in the bott6 of a
womans hart, that commeth not to her tongs end.
211"ileta. You are too young to cheapen loue.
35 /'ha.o. Yet old ynough to talke with market folkes.
_Mt'lela. Well, let vs in.
( T/ curtains are drawn back.)
Isme. Phao is corne.
Sapho. Who ? Phao ? Phao, let him come neere : but who sent
for him ?
Zl[ileta. You Madame.
Sapho. I am loath to take any medicins: yet must I rather thê
pine in these maladies. Phao, you may make me sleepe, if you will !
(Exeunt MILETA and ISMENA. )
t'hao. If I can, I must, if you will2!
Saz#ho. What hearbes haue you brought Phao ?
t'hao. Such as will make you sleepe Madame, though they cannot
make me slumber.
Sapha. Why, how can you cure me, when you cannot remedy
your selfe ?
t'hao. Yes Madame, the causes are contrary. For it is onely
5o a drinesse in your braines, that keepeth you from test ; but--
Sapho. But what ?
.Phaa. Nothing, but mine is not so.
Sapho. Nay, then I despaire of helpe, if our disease bee not ail one.
Phaa. I would our diseases were ail one.
Sapha. It goes hard with the pacient, whê the Phisition is
desperate.
Phaa. Yet Medoea made the euerwaking Dragon to snorte, when
shee poore soule could not winke.
27-8 ° in faith.., loue' the inverled eomma$ are mine, 1 . italidus 3a was
so ai1. Q.y. , is for was or came for commeth
,o,,o ,, D d

4oz SAPHO AND PHAO [^CTm
Sapho. Mcdoea was in loue, & nothing could cause her test but
Iason. Cio
: .Phao. Indccdc I know no hcarb to makc loucrs slccpc but
.Heartcs case, which bcecausc it growcth so high, I cannot reach:
for--
Saha. For whom ?
Phao. For such as loue.
SaC. h groweth very low, and I can never stoope toit, that--
Phao. That what ?
SaCo. That I may gather it : but why doe you sigh so, Phao ?
Phao. It is mine vse Madame.
Saha. It will doe you harme, and mee too : for I neuer heare
one sighe, but I must sigh't also.
'hao. It were best then that your Ladyship giue mee leaue to bc
gone : for I can but sigh.
Sapha. Nay stay : for now I beginne to sighe, I shall not leaue,
though you be gone. But what do you thinke best for your sighing
to take it away ?
Phao. Yw Madame.
Saha. Mee ?
29hao. No Madame, yewe of the tree.
Sapho. Then will I loue yewe the better. And indeede I think
it would make mee sleepe too, therfore ail other simples set aside,
I will simply vse onely yewe.
_Phao. Doe madame : for I think nothing in the wodd so good
as yewe.
SaCa. Farewell for this time.
( tte contes from the recess, lhe curlains dosing behind him. Enter
VENUS and Cu'IX). )
ltenus. Is not your name Phao ?
Phao. Phao, faire Venus, whom you made so faire.
Venus. So passing faire! O faire Phao, O sweete Phao: what
wilt thou doe for Venus ?
_Pho. Any thing that commeth in the compasse ofmy poore fortun 90
Venus. Cupid shM teach thee to shoote, & I will instruct thee to
dissemble.
62 reach : for, QQ : reach for. BI. F. 66 groweth Q : stoopeth Q BL F.
68 sigh Q BI. F.. : sight Q 71 sigh't] sight Qx : sigh Q BL F. s.p. [He
"cornes... Cvr,vI no staKe-direction in lbrev, eds. 9-a to dissernble QQ:
in dissembling /. .

t'hao.
t'haa.
lenus.
t'haa.
Phao.

403

I will leame any thing but dissembling.
Why my boy ?
Because then I must learne tobe a woman.
Thou heardest that of man.
Men speake trueth.
But truth is a she, and so alwaies painted.
I thinke a painted trueth.
Well, farewell for this time: for I must visit Sapho.
t'hao e.x'it.

ACTUS QUARTUS

SCI-I/EN, PRIII,.--(r'Ae saine.

agonies.
Sapho.

o in thy sharpenesse.

The curlains are drawn back. )
VENUS, SAPHO CUPID.
Sapho, I haue heard thy complaintes, and pittied thine
O Venus, my cares are onely knowne to thee, and by thee

only came the cause. Cupid, why didst thou wound me so deepe ?
Cupid. My mother bad me draw mine arrow to yo head.
Sapho. Venus, why didst thou proue so hatefull ?
llenus. Cupid tooke a wrong shafte.
Sapho. 0 Cupid too vnkinde, to make me so kind, that almost
transgresse the modestie of my kinde.
Cupid. I vas blind, and could hOt see mine arrow.
Sapho. How came it to passe, thou didst hit my hearte ?
Cupid. That came by the nature of the head, which being once
let out of the bowe, c. finde none other lighting place but the heart.
Venus. Be hOt dismaide, Phao shall yeelde.
Sapho. If hee yeelde, then shal I shame to embrace one so
meane ; if hot, die, beeause I cannot embraee one so meane. Thus
doe I finde no meane.
Venus. Well, I will worke for thee. Farewdl.
Sapho. Farewell sweet Venus, and thou Cupid, which art sweetest
Exit Sapho.

S. O. Phao exit so old eds., shozving tiers iii and ir to be continuous 5 yo
Q : the Q* l. # *6 meane, if not, die : because old eds. : naeane,--if not
die; because F. s. . Exit Sapho so old eds. i.e. the curtains close aKain ,
ieavin K lenus and CulMd on the staKe
Dd

4o-!.

SAPHO AND PHAO

ACT IV

SCH/ENA SECUNDA.-- (The sa,ne.)
VENUS, CUPID.
lFenus. Cupid, what haste thou done ? put thine arrowes in Phaoe,
eies, and wounded thy mothers heart ?
Cuid. ¥ou gaue him a face to allure, then why should hOt I giue
him eies to pearce ?
llenus. 0 Venus ! vnhappy Venus ! who in bestowinge a benefit
vpon a man, haste brought a bane vnto a Goddesse. What perplexi-
ties dost thou feele! O faire Phao! and therefore made faire to
breede in me a frenzie! O would that when I gaue thee golden
locks to curle thy head, I had shackled thee with yron lockes on
thy feete ! And when I noursed thee, Sapho, with lettice, woulde it
had turned to hemlocke ! Haue I brought a smooth skin ouer thy
face, to make a rough scarre in my heart ? and giuen thee a fresh
colour like the damask rose, to make mine pale like the stained
Turkie ? 0 Cupid, thy flames with Psyches were but sparks, and
my desires with Adonis but dreames, in respecte of these vnac-
quainted tormentes. Laugh Iuno ! Venus is in loue ; but Iuno shall
not see with whom, least shee be in loue. Venus belike is become
stale. Sapho forsooth because she hath many vertues, therfore she
must haue all the fauours. Venus waxeth old: and then she was
a pretie wench, when Iuno was a young wife, nowe crowes foote is
on her eie, and the blacke oxe bath troad on her foote. But were
Sapho neuer so vertuous, doth she thinke to contend with Venus to
be as amorous ? Yeelde Phao ! but yeeld to me Phao : I entreate
where I may command ; commaunde thou, where thou shouldest
entreate. In this case Cupid what is thy cotasell ? Venus must both
play the louer & the dissembler, & therfore the dissembler, because
the Louer.
Cuid. ¥ou will euer be playing with arrows, like childrê with
kniues, & thê when you bleede, you cry: go to Vulcan, entreat b)"
praiers, threatê with blowes, wowe with kisses, banne with curses, trie
al meanes to rid these extremities.
Yenus. To what end ?
Cuid. That he might make mec new arrowes: for nothing can
roote out the desires of Phao, but a new shafte of inconstancie, nor
9 on QQ ,BI. : in . 4 Turkie QQ : Turkis BL .F. Psyches QQ ,BI. :
lasyche's ,F. Cf. p. 455 L 84andEuph. Pt. II, p. 1 7 Circesfar Circe 29 you
cry: Q rightlyfor you cry, Q 3o wowe Qt : wooe Q=/'L a '. Cf./#. 379, 409

sc.n] SAPHO AND PHAO 405
$ any thing turne Saphoes hart, but a new arrow of disdaine. And
then they dislyking one the other, who shall inioy Phao but
Venus ?
Venus. I will follow thy counsell. For Venus, though she be
in her latter age for yeares : yet is she in her Nonage for affections.
40 When Venus ceaseth to loue, let Ioue cease to fuie. But corne, let
vs to Vulcan. Exeunt.

SCHNA ']'ERTIA.--(The saine. The curtains again drawn back.)
SAPHO, MILETA, ISMENA, EUGENUA,
LAMA» FAUILLA CANOPE.
Saho. What dreames are these Mileta ? and oen there be no
trueth in dreams ? yea, dreams haue their trueth. Me thought
I w a Stockdoue or woodquist, I knowe hOt how to tearm it, that
brought short strawes to build his neast in a tall CoeUr, where, whiles
with his bill hee was framing his buylding, he lost as many fethers
from his wings, he laid strawes in his neast: yet soembling to
catch hold to harr in the house he had made, he sodenly fell
from the ugh where he stoode. And thê pitifully oesting vp his
eies, he cfied in such tearmes (as I ima#ned) as might either
cÇdemne the nature of such a tree, or the ring of such a minde.
Xilest he lay quaking vpÇ the ound, & I gazing one the Coedcr,
I might perceiue Antes to brde in the rinde, coueting only to
hoord, & oeteillers to cloEue to the leaues, labouring only to suck,
which used mo leaues to fall fro the tree, thê there did fthers
before fro ihe doue. Me thought Milem I sighed in my sleepe,
pittying both the fortune of the bird, & the misfortun of the tree:
but in this time quils began to bud againe in the bird, which made
him looke as though he would file , and then shed I that the
body of the tree woulde bowe, that hee might but creepe vp the tree ;
then--and so Hey ho[
Milela. And so what ?
.ho. Nothing Mileta : but, and so I waked. But did no bodie
droEme but I ?
«Ih'leta. I droEmed last night, but I hope dreames are contmry,
4 o Ioue QQ : loue BI. F. 4 whiles Q : whilst Q 1. F. 6 scambling
QQBL: scramblingF. Il onet: onQZBl. F. C#4o8 14 m o
: moe B1. ]o tree; then, d so : tree, then and so. t:
tree then and so» 2 : tree» then and so B1.

406 SAPHO AND PHAO [ACTIV
that holding my heade ouer a sweete smoke, al my haire blazd on
a bright flame. Me thought Ismena cast water to quench it : yet
the sparks fell on my bosom, and wiping them away with my hand,
I was all in a gore bloud, till one with a few fresh flowers staunched
it. And so stretching my self as stif, I started, it was but a
dream.
Isme. Itis a signe ),ou shall fall in loue with hearinge faire words.
Water signifieth counsell, flowers death. And nothing can purge
your louing humour but death.
lIIileta. You are no interpreter : but an interprater, harping ahvaies
vpon loue, till you be as blind as a Harpar.
Isme. I remember last night but one, I dreamed mine eie tooth
was lose, & that I thrust it out with my tonge.
A[ileta. It foretelleth the losse of a friende : and I euer thought
thee so fui of prattle, that thou wouldest thrust out the best friend
with thy tatling.
Isme. Yea Mileta : but it was loose beefore, and if my friend bee
lose, as good thrust out with plaine words, as kept in with dissem-
bling.
E«,=e. Dreams are but dotings, which corne ether by things wee
see in the day, or meates that we eate, and so (flatter) the common
sense, preferring it to bee the imaginatiue.
Isme. Softe I/ilosota¢rix, well seene in the secretes of arte, and
hot seduced with the superstitions of nature !
SalsO. Ismenaes tongue neuer lyeth still, I think all her teeth 'ill
bee loose, they are so often iogged againste her tongue. But
Èugenua.
EuKe. There is ail.
SalSo. What did you dreame, Canope ?
Cano2ee. I seldome dreame Madame : but sithence your sicknesse,
I cannot tell whether with ouer watching but I haue had many ..
phantastical visions, for euen now slumbring by your beddes side,
mee thought I was shadowed with a clowd, where labouring to
wrap my selfe, I was more intangled. But in the midst of my
striuing, it seemed to mysell gold, with faire drops; I filled my
lap, and running to shew it my fellowes, it turned to duste, I 60
29 stif, : inserts tire comma 4 ° thy Q BL /; : the Q 4 Yea oto.
B/. # 46 bee the imaginatine (t : be imaginatiue ( 'L E. Te comma at
sense, ,«itA flatter, are my insertion 47 the oto. B1./; 5 ouer ( :
our /'/./;; 59 mysell (( (see note) : my selfe 'l. F.» tlwuKt .F. ri$ltly
sul, stitutes semicolon for comma at drops

blushed, they laughed; and then I waked, being glad it was but a
dreame.
Isme. Take heede Canope, that gold tempt hOt your lappe, and
then you blush for shame.
Canope. Itis good lucke to dreame of gold.
]sme. Yea, if it had continued gold.
Zamia. I dreame euery night, and the last night this. Me thought
that walking in the sunne, I was stung with the flye Tarantula, whose
renom nothing can expell but the sweete consent of musicke. I
tried al! kinde of instruments, but round no ease, till at the last two
I.utes tuned in one key so glutted my thirsting eares, that my griefe
presently seased, for ioye whereof as I was clapping my handes, your
Ladyship called.
A[ile[a. It is a signe that nothing shall asswage your loue but
mariage: for such is the tying of two in wedlocke, as is the tuning
of two Lutes in one key: for strikinge the stringes of the one,
strawes will stirre vpon the stringes of the other, and in two mindes
lincked in loue, one cannot be delighted but the other reioyceth.
tavilla. Mec thought going by the sea side amonge Pebels
I sawe one playing with a rounde stone, euer throwing it into the
water, when the sunne shined : I asked the name, hec saide, it was
called Abeston, which being once whotte, would neuer be cold, he
gaue it me, and 'anished. I forgetting my selfe, delighted with the
fayre showe, woulde alwayes shewe it by candle light, pull it out in
the Sunne, and sec howe bright it woulde look in the tire, where
catching heate, nothing could coole it : for anger I threwe it against
the wall, and with the heauing vp of myne arme I waked.
BZileta. Beware of loue, Fauilla : for womens hearts are such stones,
which warmed by affection, eannot be coold by wisdome.
tavilla. I warrant you : for I neuer credit mennes words.
Isme. Yet be warie : for women are scorched somtimes with mens
eies, though they had rather consume then confesse.
Sapho. Cease your talking: for I would faine sleepe, to sec if
I tan dreame, whether the birde hath feathers, or the Antes wings.

9 Draw the curteine.

( 2"e curtains close.

67 tho,ght Q* BL F.: thovgh Ql 88 womens Q' BI..F.: women QI
89 coold QQ: cold 'L '. 94 Antes QQ: Ant//L '. 95 l)raw the
eta,teine as art of .ç'al,hO'S speech in ai1 eds., none havin K any staKe-direction for
exil

408

Vulcan ?
(VuLCAN looks out ortie Forge.
Vulcan. Who ?
Venus. Venus.
Vulcan. Ho, ho ! Venus.

SAPHO AND PHAO
SCHNA QUARTA.--(VuLc AN)S :orKe.)
VENUS, VULCAN, CUPID.
(Enter VENUS and CUPI).)
Come Cupid, Vulcans flames must quench Venus rires.

[ACT IV

Venus. Corne sweete Vulcan, thou knowest how sweete thou hast
found Venus, who being of ail the goddesses the most faire, hath
chosen thee of ail the Gods the most foule ; thou must needes then
confesse I was most louing. Enquire not the cause of my suite by
questions : but preuent the effects by curtisie. Make me six arrove o
heads : it is giuen thee of the Gods by permission to frame them to
any purpose, I shall request them by praier. Why lowrest thou
Vulcan ? wilt thou haue a kisse ? holde vppe thy head. Venus hath
young thoughtes, and fresh affections. Rootes haue stringes, when
boughs haue no leaues. But hearken in thine eare Vulcan: hov¢ 5
saiest thou ?
Vulcan. Vulcan is a God with you, when you are disposed to
flatter. A right womanne, whose tongue is lyke a Bees stinge, v¢hich
pricketh deepest, when it is fullest of honnye. Because you haue
made mine eies dronk with fayre lookes, you wil set mine eares on 20
edge with sweete words. You were woont to say that the beating
of hammers made your head ake, and the smoake of the forge your
eies water, and euery coale was a blocke in your way. You weepe
rose water, when you aske, and spitte vineger, when you haue ob-
teined. What would you now, with new arrowes ? belike Mars hath 25
a tougher skin one his heart, or Cupid a weaker arme, or Venus
a better courage. Well Venus, there is neuer a smile in your face
but bath made a wrinkle in my forehead. Ganymedes must rill your
cuppe, and you wil pledge none but Iupiter. But I wil hOt chide
Venus. Crne Cyclops, my wife must haue her will : let vs doe that 30
in earth, which the Gods cannot vndoe in heauen.
IéÆus. Gramercie sweete Vulcan : to your worke !
7 gooddesses (1 purpoe, I )( (i.e. for which I &c. BL italid*es
tt« I 26 one (1 : on (z B1. . Cf.. 405

c. vJ SAPHO AND PHAO 4°9

T/e SONG in mahing of the Arro¢oes.
Vu/tan. /[Y shag-haire Cyclops, corne, 1ets ply
Out Lemnion hammers lustily;
35 By my wifes sparrowes,
I sweare these arrowe$
Shall singing fly
Through many a wantons Eye.
These headed are with golden Blisses,
40 These siluer-ones featherd with Kisses,
But this of Lead
Strikes a Clowne Dead,
When in a Dance
Hee fais in a Trance,
45 To se his black-brow Lasse hot busse him,
And then whines out for death t' vntrusse him.
So, so, our worke being don lets play,
Holliday (Boyes) cry Holliday.
l'u/ca». Heere Venus, I haue finished these arrowes by arte, be-
.o stowe them you by witte : for as great aduise must he vse that hath
them, as hee cunning that marie them.
Venus. Vulcan, nowe you haue done with your forge, lette vs alone
with the fancye: you are as the Fletcher, hot the Archer, to meddle
with the arrowe, hOt the aime.
S Vu/tan. I thought so : when I haue done working, you haue done
woowing. Where is now sweete Vulcan ? Wel, I can say no more,
but this which is enoughe, and as much as any can say : Venus is
a woman.
l/enus. Bee hOt angrye Vulcan, I will loue thee agayne, when
6o I haue eyther businesse, or nothing els to doe.
Cupid. My mother will make touche of you, when there are no
more men then Vulcan.
(VuLCAN retires into /]w Forge.)

s.p. The Sont... Arrowes QQ BI., ibut B/ount alone of old eds. gives tIe words
54 arrowe QQ: arrows BI. : 56 woowing Q: wooing Q BL '. C
/P- 379, 404 s.p. [VuLcAU... I:orge] uo direction for exit in any revious
edition. Acts iv attd are e-oidently continuous, as a,ere Acts iii and iv

4to SAPHO AND PHAO [ATV

ACTUS QUINTUS

SCH/ENA PRIMA.--(Te saine.)
VENUS, CUPID.
l'enus. Corne, Cupid, receiue with thy fathers instruments, thy
mothers instructions: for thou must be wise in conceite, if
thou wilt be fortunate in execution. This arrow is feathered with
the winges of Aegitus, which neuer sleepeth for feare of his hen:
the heade toucht with the stone Perillus, which causeth mistruste
and ielousie. Shoote this, Cupid, at men that haue faire wiues, which
will make them rubbe the browes, when they swell in the braines.
This shaff is headed with Lidian steel, which striketh a deepe dis-
dain of yt which we most desire, ye feathers are of Turtel, but dipped
in the bloud of a Tigresse, draw this vp close to the head at Sapho, o
that she may despise, where now she doates. Good my boye, gall
her on the side, that for Phaos loue she may neuer sighe. This
arrow is feathered with the Phoenix winge, and headed with the
Eagles bill ; it maketh mê passionate in desires, in loue constant,
and wise in conueiaunce, melting as it were their fancies into faith: i
this arrowe, sweete .childe, and with as great ayme as thou canst,
must Phao be striken withall, and cry softly to thy selle in the very
loose ' Venus' ! Sweete Cupid mistake me hot, I wil make a quiuer
for that by it selfe. The fourth bath feathers of the Peacocke, but
glewed with the gum of the Mirtle tree, headed with fine golde, and zo
fastened with brittle Chrysocoll : this shoote at daintie and coy Ladies,
at amiable and young Nymphes, chuse no other white but women :
for this will worke lyking in their mindes, but hot loue, affabilitie in
speach, but no faith, courtly fauours to bee Mistresses ouer many,
but constant to none : sighes to be fetcht from the longes, hOt the 2
heart, and teares to bee wronge out with their fingers, hOt their eies,
secrete laughing at mens pale lookes and neate attire, open reioycinge
at their owne comlinesse and mens courtinge. Shoote this arrowe
among the thickest of them, whose bosomes lye open, because they
woulde be striken with it. And seeing men tearme women Iupiters 3o

8- 9 di.,dain QQ : daine b'/. F. 9 yt Q : that Qe/3L F. y QI : the Q
//. 1" Io a ottt..1. 18 me QI : it Q2//. ._ 25 longes QI : lungs
Q'-" BL F. 26 wronge QQ : wrung BI. F.

sc. lJ SAPHO AND PHAO 41t
fooles, women shall make men Venus fooles. This shafte is leade
in the head, and whose feathers are of the night Rauen, a deadly
and poysoned shafte, which breedeth hate onely against those which
sue for loue. Take heede Cupid thou hitte hot Phao with this
35 shafte: for then shall Venus perishe. This laste is an old arrow,
but newlye mended, the arrow which hitte both Sapho and Phao,
working onely in meane mindes an aspiring to superiours, & in high
estates a stooping to inferiours : with this Cupid I am galled my selfe,
till thou houe galled Phao with the other.
40 Cupid. I warrant you I will cause Phao to languishe in your loue,
and Sapho to disdaine his.
lénus. Goe, loyter hOt, nor mistake your shafte. (Exil CUPID.)
Now Venus, hast thou plaide a cunning parte, though hOt curraunt.
But why should Venus. dispute of nnlawfulnesse in loue, or faith in
45 affection ? beeing both the Goddesse of loue and affection ? knowing
there is as litle trueth to be vsed in loue, as there is reason. No,
sweete Phao, Venus will obtaine because she is Venus. Not thou
Ioue with thtader in thy hand, shalt take him out of my hands.
I houe new arrowes now for my boy, and fresh flames, at which the
.e (;ods shall tremble, if they beginne to trouble me. But I will expect
the euent, and tarye for Cpid at the forge. (Exil.)

SCHENA SECUXDA.--(A room in SAPHO'S lalace.)
SAPHO, CUPID, IILETA, VENUS.
SalhO. What hast thou done Cupid ?
Cid. That my mother commaunded, Sapho.
Sapho. Mee thinkes I feele an alteration in my minde, and as it
were a withstanding in my self of mine own affections.
. Cuid. Then hath mine arrow his effect.
Sa2#ho. I pray thee tell me the cause ?
Cubid. 1 date hOt.
Saho. Feare nothing: for if Ve|us fret, Sapho canne frowne,
thou shalt bee my sonne. Mileta, giue him some sweete meates ;
lo speake good Cupid, and I will giue thee many pretie things.
Cubid. My mother is in loue with Phao, she willed mee to strike
you with disdain of him, and him with desire of ber.
s.v.[ExitCuPIV]natDDrev.«ds. 4 6 thereis Q: thereisthereQ_ll.F.
49 boy QQ : body l1. 1": s. » [ Eit] no stage direction in prev. eds. 3
Mee tri 2 BL : My Q 4 withstanding Q: withdrawing Q/L a

4t2 SAPHO AND PHAO [.,,cTv
Sal#ho. 0 spitefull Venus ! Mileta giue him some of that. What
els Cupid ?
Cupid. I could be euen with my mother : and so I will, if I shall t5
call you mother.
Saho. Yea Cupid, call me any thing, so I may be euen with her.
Ctid. I haue an arrow, with which if I strike Phao, it will cause
him to loth onely Venus.
Salho. Sweete Cupid, strike Phao with it. Thou shalt sitte in 2o
my lappe, I will rocke thee asleepe, and feede thee with all these
fille knackes.
Cl'id. I will about it.
Exil CUl>ID.
._ça/. But come quickly againe. Ah vnkinde Venus, is this thy
promise to Sapho ? But if I gette Cuppid from thee, I my selle will 23
be the Queene of loue. I will direct these arrowes with better ainle,
and conquer mine own affections with greater modesty. Venus heart
shal flame, and her loue be as common as her crafte. 0 Mileta,
time hath disclosed that, which my temperance hath kept in : but
sith I am rid of the disease, I will not be ashamed to confesse the 30
cause. I Ioued Phao, Mileta, a thing vnfit for my degree, but forced
by my desire.
llh'le/a. Phao ?
Satho. Phao, Mileta, of whom nowe Venus is inamoured.
.hIile/a. And doe you loue him still ? 35
SalSho. No, I feele relenting thoughtes, and reason not yeelding
to appetite. Let Venus haue him,--no, shee shall not haue him.
But here coins Cupid.
(Re-enter CUPID. )
Itow now my boy, haste thou done it ?
Cupid. Yea, and left Phao rayling on Venus, and cursing her 40
name : yet stil sighing for Sapho, and blasing her vertues.
Salm. Alas poore Phao ! thy extreame loue should hot be requited
with so meane a fortune, thy faire face deserued greater fauours:
I cannot loue, Venus hath harlened my heart.
(Enter VENUS.)
Irenu«. I meruale Cupid commeth hot all this while. How now, 45
in Saphoes lappe ?
Saha. Yea Venus, what say you to it ? in Saphoes lap.
*î Yeaoldeds.: Yes/. 2t these oto. Q* BL F. 3o I * om.b'L

sc. tt] SAPHO AND PHAO 4t3
Venus. Sir boy, corne hither.
Cupid. I vdll hot.
Venus. What now ? will you hot ? hath Sapho made you so
sawcie ?
Cuid. I wil be Saphoes sonne, I haue as you commanded striken
her vdth a deepe disdaine of Phao, and Phao as she entreated me,
with a great despite of you.
5 Iénus. Vnhappy wag, what hast thou done ? I will make thee
repent it (in) euery vaine in thy heart.
Saiho. Venus, be hot collerick, Cupid is mine, he hath giuen me
his Arrowes, and I will giue him a new bowe to shoote in. You are
hot worthy to be the Ladye of loue, that yeelde so often to the im-
60 pressions of loue. Immodest Venus, that to satisfie the vnbrideled
thoughtes of thy hearte, transgressest so farre from the staye of thine
honour! Howe sayest thou Cpid, wilt thou bee vdth me ?
Cupid. Y'es.
Saha. Shall hot I bee on earth the Goddesse of affections ?
65 Cuid. Yes.
Saiho. Shall hot I fuie the fansies of men, and leade Venus in
chaines like a captiue ?
Cuid. Y'es.
Salw. It is a good boy !
70 Venus. What haue we here? you the Goddesse of Loue? and
you her sonne, Cupid ? I will rame that proud heart, els shall the
(;ods say, they are hot Venus friendes. And as for you, sir boy,
I will teach you how to run away : you shalbe stript from toppe to
toe, and vhipt with nettles, hOt roses. I will set you to blowe
î. Vulcans coales, hOt to beare Venus quiuer, I vdll handle you for
this geare : well, I say no more. But as for the new Mistresse of loue,
--or Lady, I cry you mercie, I think you would be called a God-
desse--you shall know what it is to vsurpe the name of Venus!
I will pull those plumes, and cause you to cast your eyes on your
80 feete, hOt your feathers: your softe hayre will I turne to harde
bristles, your tongue to a stinge, and those alluring eyes to vnlucky-
nes, in which if the Gods ayde me hot, I will cursse the Gods.
Saha