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[ELD STANFORD J?
| UNIVERSITY
“-|IBRARY:_
—— —#g
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PRESENTED BY THOMAS WELTON STANFORD.
oe
»
4
.
L.
JOTTINGS IN AUSTRALIA:
OR,
NOTES ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA
OF VICTORIA.
WITH A
CATALOGUE OF THE MORE COMMON PLANTS, THEIR HABITATS,
AND DATES OF FLOWERING.
BY
SAMUEL HANNAFORD, ESQ.
9
AUTHOR OF ‘“* FLORA TOTTONIENSIS, AND LATE HONORARY SECRETARY
OF THE VICTORIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
‘*___. He, whose heart will bound to mark
The full bright burst of summer morn,
Loves too each little dewy spark
By leaf or flow’ret worn:
Cheap forms, and common hues, ‘tis true,
Through the bright shower-drop meet his view;
The colouring may be of this earth,
The lustre comes of heavenly birth.”—Keble.
MELBOURNE:
JAMES J. BLUNDELL & CO., 44 COLLINS STREET WEST.
1856.
eZ
Rp AY o 4
a Pe i
LIBRARY
a
OE #Y OF science
Walker, May & Co, Printers and Stereotype Founders,
19 Little Collins Street West.
Dolan
OK 459
| H35
TO MY VALUED FRIEND,
JOHN MILNER BARRY, ESQ., M.D.
THESE
a
“JOTTINGS, IW AUSTRALIA »
‘ :
ARE INSCRIBED AS A
MEMORIAL OF PLEASANT SUMMER RAMBLES.
WARRNAMBOOL, 1856.
ERRATA.
At page 4, read currente for currento.
At page 7, twelfth line from top, read varitfolium.
At page 13, third line from bottom, read graminifolii.
At page 21, sixth line from bottom, read odoratus.
At page 30, fifteenth line from top, read Durham for Murray.
At page 63, read Onopordum Acanthium.
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JOTTINGS IN AUSTRALIA.
CHAPTER I.—INTRODUCTORY.
Tue following “Jottings in Australia” have been published at
intervals in various periodical works, and are only re-published in
this, we hope, more convenient form, from the want, which we feel
assured others have felt in common with ourselves, on newly arriv-
ing in this country, of a work which would afford some informa-
tion relative to the more common Birds, Insects, Plants, &c., met
with in their daily rambles. All that is published on the Natural
History of Australia is scattered through the writings of travellers,
or written in the Latin tongue, which, however familiar to a skilled
botanist, is rather apt to damp the ardour of the young student.
In ornithology, Goold’s is the only work, but far too costly for the
general reader. In algology, Professor Harvey’s “Nereis Australis”
is much to be commended, as it contains the whole of the sea-weeds
of the Southern Ocean. First and foremost among Botanical
Works is the “ Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandie,” by Robert
Brown, “that most illustrious of living botanists, and the man
who first opened out to science the richness and singularity of the
Australian Flora.”*
So closely have we adhered to our title, “ Jottings in Australia,”
that we might almost say with Montaigne, we “have here made a
nosegay of wild-flowers, and have brought nothing of our own but
the string which binds them;” for other avocations occupy our time
and forbid our rambling “ ancle deep in flowers,” or chasing the
** Insect crowds
That make the sunshine populous.” —Bryant.
* Lecture by Edward Forbes, F.R.S., on the knowledge of Australian rocks.
B
Yet do we delight to saunter forth at the commencement of a new
day, amidst the beauty and peacefulness of nature, when the dew
is glistening on the grass, and listen to the song of some of our
native birds, which a later riser misses altogether. There is always
something to cheer and gladden the heart, even in the midst of
atiliction ; and when we remember that “ilka blade o’ grass keps
its ain drap o’ dew,” we are enabled with much more fortitude to
bear up against the little adversities which beset us in this world:
truly, indeed, we may at all times find
‘Some shape of beauty to move away the pall
From our dark spirits.’’
Who is there that does not love flowers? The ancients prized
them highly, as we find in the writings of Herodotus, Theophrastus,
Anacreon, etc. The misseltoe and vervain were worshipped by the
Druids ; and Plutarch tells us that the lovely Perigune, in child-
like simplicity, addressed her prayers to the plants and bushes as
if they were sensible of her misfortune. On the Continent the
Helichrysum is used to decorate the graves of the young, as an
emblem of immortality. The Irish, too, have their floral super-
stitions; the St. John’s wort ({ypericum) being used as a charm
against evil spirits; and on May eve the young girls gather the
yarrow (A/hi-hallune), and place it under their pillows, wrapped in
the stocking of the right foot, confidently expecting that during the
night they will obtain a sight of their future spouses. We all know
what exquisite flowers are reared by our Spitalfield weavers, and
the magnificent double wallflowers and stocks which are seen in
the gardens of our peasantry at home. All our poets loved flowers.
Spencer thought the man who could not enjoy the “ felicitie” of
roaming amidst “ flowers and weeds of glorious feature,” was well
worthy to taste of wretchedness; and the writings of Cowper,
George Herbert, Wordsworth, Langhorne, Shenstone, Hartley
Coleridge, and that noble soul, Keats, teem with fresh descriptions
of wild flowers. Some time before the death of Keats, he said to
his faithfal friend Severn, who had done so much to soothe his
sick bed, that “he thought the sincerest pleasure he had received
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pa a tan, 0 sobbaly hind ads: bi ws oH cheweh
5 abeld fait” 40 aalt sod ergs ari oy f “As yO pmgle
BD pio Moar dete Rattan tid BEM WB c.0% ait
fees ey: ci Ca? Selita 4
rae uf vi bound ‘Siw wy ot r toy tyr ts ies) | eel!
iaeee Oe ae . >. es Stan ae TAELYS soaee§
uF rh peel? ri 4 i ts. .
7 Re oie? () oy ct aE WE ASs, aA hasty Crinie ae oe eae
eet us tnee gar Wecsan Sen ose ae beat iy Ae Cade PK MTN
a tee Reeders , ot) RR ye te) Me rte Se SVE +9).
bir eee St? pagptn-e - e. So, Sos
sat A: aad i epeteal - wit fon pany Jeaiohy 4) eo red
| d _papetioresd ED Ot ft oc) Ab ahote apts iys shqae: repel
il “HGH QS TIS? FA wet oe ait é a et al
wares‘ pevet aud Rafa? *5) ipod 4458. ‘Le eg sive €
aaitas a ae Bs Bier? cen! Dope | “Lewiay Pino te ea | tees
Ak, — —s |
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6 Aeneas 3d ii wae AS al - jen dew yrivisse nab at99
ae “the 1+aah er # Arvetr ed. ol Hho mbar E+] he fag ws
ea done turn Louicge aorressd 2: ined
igre > Pec 2°748RO “rem a nis Io Wy : ‘tet ye aa
, matey cite Of latesadne ad vee 2 | Dasha ora
oy cams aDre® Lad Jade a4
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cette tewt RY ed 4 Ob > wiarten a tate weal B84 o pres
<S tv
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- ed | day 4 - + <4 0 ry gr
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- ‘eed | Y oa me ne ERE -it a ~~ vobeete vai
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4 > *
1 ee, Ui iA. ett. bob ahs WI 2 1h od 0 ©
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in life was in watching the growth of flowers :” again, after lying
awhile still and peaceful, said
‘*T feel the flowers growing over me.”
He delighted far away to leave
‘* All meaner thoughts, and take a sweet reprieve
From little cares, to find, with easy quest,
A fragrant wild, with nature’s beauty drest.”
But our chief object in writing this little book is to induce every
one, particularly those of sedentary habits, to take proper exercise.
We all know how necessary air and exercise are to our well being,
yet how prone we are to neglect it on the most trifling excuse.
No matter what the inducement is, whether roaming after plants, _
or shells, or sea-weeds, so long as the mind is thoroughly and pleas-
antly employed; and to prove this, we cannot do better than
insert here a few extracts from the “ Journal of Health,” shewing
how necessary recreation is to keep the brain healthy and unim-
paired.
“It is very generally recognised and admitted that deprivation of air and
exercise is a great evil; but it is not so well known that abstinence from occa-
sional recreation or amusement is an evil of no slight magnitude. It is, however,
a primary law of the human economy, that no organ can maintain its integrity
without regular recurrent periods of activity and rest. In the case of the muscular
system, if any muscle, or set of muscles, cease to be used, it wastes and dis-
appears; but if it be used too much, it becomes strained, and loses its power. It
is the same with the nervous system; ifthe brain be never exercised, its energy
is impaired; but if it be over-exercised its energy is exhausted. If, when a person
takes a very long walk, he returns home fatigued, and finds that his muscles are
temporarily thrown into a wrong or disordered condition; and if he continues this
process of fatiguing himself every day, after a certain time he becomes thoroughly
knocked up, ill, and incapable of undergoing even a common amount of exertion.
So it is with the brain. If an individual keep his attention upon the stretch for
an undue number of hours, he experiences, at the expiration of his task, brain-
fatigue, loss of mental power, and a sensible necessity of rest; and if this indi-
vidual persevere, day after day, month after month, year after year, in subjecting
his brain, without intermission or repose, to extreme fatigue, he will end by
' setting up a peculiar state, which is, unhappily, excessively common in these
times, and is known by the name of congestion of the brain. The activity of any
organ causes a flow of blood towards itself. Ifa person raise his arm by the action
of deltoid muscle, that action or contraction-of the muscle produces a determina-
tion of blood to its interior, and if a person think, the act of thought causes a flow
of blood to the brain; but if a person think intently, this flow of blood is often very
perceptible, for the head becomes hot, and a sensation of throbbing about the
temples, or in the head itself, is experienced. Now, when a man undergoes too
much brain-work, a constant and considerable flow of blood to the head occurs,
which may become chronic or permanent, and produces that condition which is
called determination of blood to the head, which not unfrequently ends in appo-
plexy or paralysis. Congestion of the brain is one of the most prevailing diseases
that torture humanity.”
We have thought it advisable to shew how great a number of
plants may be obtained with ease, almost at our very doors; to give
an index of the more common Phznogamous or flowering plants
and ferns, with their habitats and dates of flowering, from speci-
‘mens in our own herbarium—referring our readers for more full
information, to the reports of our esteemed friend, Dr. Ferdinand
Mueller, the Government Botanist, on the Vegetation of the
Colony ; and, at the same time, notice such shells, insects, and
fossil remains, as may have come under our immediate notice,
trusting that those with more leisure than we have been able to
afford the subject, will, at some future time, improve considerably
on these few pages written currento calamo.
We do not, in these ‘ Jottings,’ intend to confine ourselves to
Botany ; but, whilst we introduce such plants as are common, and
easily recognisable by externals, we shall have a few words to say,
en passant, on such of our native birds and insects as may be
likely to interest the scientific and unscientific of our readers, and
pave the way for a more enlarged study of them. We much regret,
for the sake of the less scientific, our inability to give popular
names of plants,—in fact, there are none, either English or Native,
except in a very few instances,—but where practicable they will be
given ; and we will do all in our power to make them easily known,
even to the merest novice in Natural Science.
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CHAPTER II.
*“ To him who, in the love of nature, holds
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks
A various language: for his gayer hours
She has a voice of gladness, and a smile
And eloquence of beauty; and she glides
Into her darker musings with a mild
And healing sympathy that steals away
Their sharpness, ere he is aware.”—Bryant.
THERE are few things, in this world of ours, more hallowing and
more purifying than a love of wild-flowers—“ those terrestrial stars
that bring down heaven to earth, and carry up our thoughts from
earth to heaven ;” and never were we more struck with this feel-
ing than on sailing up the beautiful river Yarra Yarra one bright
summer morning, after a tedious voyage of nearly four months,
and seeing around us on every side something new to cheer and
awaken our affections for our adopted land: new plants—new
birds—new insects—with our favourite, the swallow, ‘‘ cheeping
and twittering” as of old, endeared to us ever by Tennyson’s beau-
tiful lines :-—
‘*O Swallow, swallow, flying, flying south,
Fly to her, and fall upon her gilded eaves,
And tell her, tell her, what I tell to thee.
“OQ Swallow, swallow, if I could follow and light
Upon her lattice, I would pipe and trill,
And cheep and twitter twenty million loves.
‘‘Q were I thou that she might take me in,
And lay me in her bosom, and her heart
Would rock the snowy cradle till I died.”
_ We take it for granted that our readers will not inquire, as
many have done, “‘ What is the use of studying flowers, and what
is gained by it?” Is this the spirit in which we should look on the
or)
productions of our Creator? and should we value them only as they
are a source of profit tous? ‘God Almighty first planted a garden,”
says Lord Bacon, “and, indeed, it is the purest of all human
bd
pleasures :” so have we ever felt in our communion with nature,
and our happiest hours have been spent abroad in the fields and
hedgerows, for nothing
‘‘ Bears the impress of Almighty power
In characters more legible, than those
Which he hath written on the tiniest flower,
Whose light bell bends beneath the dew drop’s weight.”
How sincerely do we hope that the following “ Jottings” may
induce many, who now complain so bitterly of ennui, and want of |
that amusement which older countries afford them, to embrace
that delightful study in which there is always
“Something to please, something to instruct.” |
Never was there a wider field for such pursuits than in this
country! We remember, on going into our native town, some few
years since, after a long absence, and collecting the indigenous
plants of the district, to the number of five or six hundred, within
a range of four miles, being asked by some friends, to whom the
treasures of our herbarium were exposed, “Did all these grow
here?” “Yes,” we exclaimed, “and many more!” In a few
months there were twenty enthusiastic botanists, who felt then, and
then only, that he “misses one of the best blessings of life who has
not made to himself friends of the wild spring flowers.” Think,
then, my dear readers, of the treasures awaiting you in this land,
where some ten or twelve thousand plants are indigenous; whilst
those of our British isles do not number two thousand! How
many a happy day have we spent on the banks of the river Yarra
Yarra, one of the most charming, perhaps, from its many windings,
and the beauty of the vegetation covering its banks, in the country.
Some short time since, wishing to ‘ possess ourselves in much
quietness,” we rambled from the bridge at Richmond as far as
Dight’s Mill, some five or six miles on its margin, bearing in mind
honest old Izaak Walton’s saying— When I would beget content
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and increase confidence in the power, and wisdom, and providence of
Almighty God, I will walk the meadows by some gliding stream,
and there contemplate the lilies that take no care, and those very
many other little living creatures that are not only created, but feed
(man knows not how) by the goodness of the God of nature, and,
therefore, trust in him.” At this season of the year, the flat
grounds are one vast swamp, yet even here springs up the simple
little Claytonia Australasica,* and the surface of the water is
covered with the minute inconspicuous flowers of Ranunculus in-
undatus (water crowfoot). Many aquatics may be secured now
for the herbarium—Potamogeton natans—P. obtusifolium (gramineum
of R. Brown)-Myriophyllum varriifolium (Hooker)—and the Dama-
sonium, with its many floating leaves, at first sight, resembling those
of a Potamogeton, but differing from them in the venation, and its
beautiful white Vymphea-like flowers, crimson at the base, is a prize
indeed, even though you, my readers, may get a ducking, as was
our lot, in your endeavour to obtain it. Overhanging the river
the pendulous flowers of the various formed Acacias (wattles)
drooped most gracefully, emitting a most delicious perfume, inter-
spersed here and there with the delicate spike of pink flowers of
Indigofera sylvatica; and the beautiful, almost transparent,
flowers of Sida pulchella, nearly hidden amongst its rich green
foliage. Everywhere the ground was studded, as with snow, with
that little exquisite gem Anguillaria dioica (Star of Bethlehem),
its petals circled on the interior with a band of brown; and various
species of Drosera (sundew); D. Whittaker (Planchon), with
radical, rosulate leaves (which impart a reddish dye to paper when
pressed), and large white flowers; D. Planchoni (J. Hooker),
figured in Hooker’s “Icones Plantarum” as D. Menziesii, from —
specimens found at Swan Foot, on the east coast of Van Diemen’s
Land, easily distinguished from other species by its long, slender,
prostrate peduncles, and three leaves springing on slight petioles
* This plant is beautifully figured in Hooker's ‘‘ [cones Plantarum.”— Voi. J.,
tab. 293. It grows in tufts, with elongated linear, somewhat spathulate leaves,
from two to four inches long, generally alternate, peduncles flowered; petals pure
white, obovate, four times as long as the calyx.
from one point of the stem; and D. peltata, (Smith), also figured
in the same work, vol.i., tab. 54, as D. lunata, from specimens
sent from Van Diemen’s Land by Mr. Gunn; leaves alternate,
those of the stem peltate ; radical ones uniform, cordate; flowers
pink, in termina] racimes. Mark the beauty with which Clematis
microphylla ‘*twines airily” around all the shrubs in her vicinity;
and further on how lovingly she embraces the trunk of that venerable
Eucalyptus, as a daughter her aged parent, comforting and protecting
him, in the decline of life, for the care with which he sheltered her »
in youth. Now descend this dark hollow by the river’s edge, observe
that little “queen of secrecy,” the violet, Erpetion hederaceum,
linked hand in hand with her two graceful handmaidens, Adiantum
assimile (maiden hair), one of the loveliest of our native ferns, and
a small Hypnum. What handsomer carpet would ye have than
Kennedya prostrata, with its bright red pea-shaped flowers, and
the splendid spreading blue clusters of Hardenbergia coccinea,
mantling the ground on all sides. Listen to the sweet plaintive
note of that little red-breasted robin, perched fearlessly on yonder
Hurybia /—the shrill note of the kingfisher, as he skims up the
stream! Watch the bright-eyed lizards as they creep hastily by !—
the splendid plumage of our feathered friends! Mark well all
around you !—and then let us ask, is there not religion in nature ?
Can ye not here look from nature up to nature’s God ?
‘
‘‘Here amid solitude and shade I wander,
Through the green aisles, and stretched upon the sod,
Awed, by the silence, reverently ponder
The ways of God.”
“There is no telling” (says Cheever, in his earnest, thoughtful,
little book, ‘“‘ Wanderings of a Pilgrim,”) “ how much more per-
fectly man communes with nature—how much more deeply, and
without effort, he drinks in the spirit of the meadows, the woods,
the running streams, and the mountains, going by them and among
them, as a friend with a friend. He seems to hear the very breath
of nature in her stillness ; and, sometimes, when the whole world
is hushed, there are murmurs come to him on the air, almost like
the distant evening song of angels. Indeed, the world of nature is
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filled with quiet soul-like sounds which, when one’s attention is
gained to them, make a man feel as if he must take his shoes from
his feet, and walk barefooted, in order not to disturb them.”
On the high banks, near Hodgson’s punt, the Grevillea Latrobet
may be obtained ; and about the same locality various Orchidew.
Diuris maculata (R. Brown, prod. 315) its pretty yellow flowers,
richly marked with dark brown spots; D. sulphurea; D. aurea;
Caladenia carnea; C. cerulea; C. alata; C. pulcherrima (spider
orchis). Péerostylis cucullata (hooded orchis), the entire plant
_ green, found at the foot of trees in shady places; and Glossodia
minor. Of the Asphodeleae, Coesia corymbosa, with blue flowers, and
yellow anthers, is, indeed, a bright star. Stylidium graminifolium
(N. O. stylideoe) is much too exquisite a flower to be omitted, with
its grassy leaves, and pink petals; and Stackhousia monogyna
abounds everywhere. Mosses, which are so plentiful at home, are
less so here, but the following may be gathered without much
searching for :—Hypnum recognitum (Hedwig); Dryptodon Africanus
(Mueller): Funaria hygrometrica (Hedwig), a species of Fimbriaria;
Dicranum purpureum (Hedwig); and the handsome lichen, Cetraria
aculeata (Fries.)
We were amused one day, as we lay in contemplation by the
river’s side, in watching a nest of ants. Pliny tells us of ants
which entered the bowels of the earth, in search of gold; surely
this must have been an auriferous district so busily were they all
engaged. After observing our little companions for some time, we
placed" a small pebble at the entrance of the nest, juss blocking it
up sufficiently to allow of only one of the community being admit-
ted at atime. There were no ants near at the time, but presently
one advanced to the mouth of the hole, and, on observing the ob-
struction, endeavoured with his fore feet to dislodge it; finding it
resist all his efforts, he crept into the nest, first removing a portion
of the earth to admit of freer ingress or egress ;—we anticipated his
intention—in a few seconds he returned with a comrade, and they
_ both applied their whole strength ;—in a moment the pebble moved,
and it was apparent there was some force applied underneath,
which was quickly proved by its being rolled gradually away, and
about twenty little fellows emerging, each applying its tiny back ta
- 10
it. They succeeded very soon in getting it off the hole, and the two
first mentioned with great ease pushed and pulled it (for one was
pushing and the other pulling) toa distance of about three inches
away; and, as if to prevent its again’ annoying them, placed a
smaller one before it to keep it stationary. Let Mr. Swainson say
what he will about its being “‘ absolutely derogatory to the superior
nature of man”* to admit any amount of reason in animals, but.
what could man have done more suitable to the circumstances
than these little creatures? Truly we may say to many, “Go to the
ant, consider her ways and be wise,”
* Habits and Instincts of Animals, p. 2.
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11
CHAPTER III.
**'When the sun smiles on thee, why, thou art glad;
But when on earth he smileth, she bursts forth
In beauty, like a bride, and gives him back,
In sweet repayment for his warm, bright love,
A world of flowers.”
‘‘Tus poetry of earth is ceasing never,” says one of our sweetest
poets; and day by day, as we wander fosth amidst nature’s haunts,
to enjoy the freshness and beauty of the “leafy spring,” do we find
something new to make us cling more fondly than ever to those
pursuits which tend so much to contentment and happiness, and,
more than this, to health also. How many there are who neglect
to take that proper exercise which is so necessary for the health
both of body and mind, solely because they have no object in view;
and, even “if they do force themselves to take, daily, what is
called a constitutional walk, too frequently they derive little benefit
from it, in consequence of the mind not participating with the
body in the imposed task, but still recurring to the occupations at
home.”* What food is to the body, change of scene and amuse-
ment are to the mind; and nothing can have so soothing an influ-
ence as the wandering in the woods and fields, amongst the flowers,
and birds, and insects, with their endless variety of form, of habit,
of colour. ‘“ Mere communion with nature,’ says Humboldt, in
his great work, the ‘“ Cosmos,” (Int. p. 3., Bohn’s ed.,) ‘“‘ mere con-
tact with the free air, calm the stream of passion, and soften the
heart, when shaken by sorrow to itsinmost depths. Everywhere—
in every region of the globe—in every stage of intellectual culture—
the same sources of enjoyment are alike vouchsafed to man. The
earnest and solemn thoughts awakened by a communion with
nature, intuitively arise from a presentiment of the order and
harmony pervading the whole universe, and from the contrast we
* Observations on Natural History, by the Rey. Leonard Jenyns.
12
draw between the narrow limits of our own existence and the
image of infinity revealed on every side; whether we look upwards
to the starry vault of heaven—scan the far-stretching plain before
us—or seek to trace the dim horizon across the vast expanse of —
ocean.” |
Leave for awhile, some of you, my dear readers, the smoky city,
and ramble with us along the seashore; cease, for a time, your
pursuit after gold, which makes
‘Black, white; foul, fair;
Wrong, right; base, noble; old, young; coward, valiant.—
Timon of Athens, act iv., sc. 3.
and feel “how sweet it is to breathe the pure and open air of
heaven.” QO, if ye have souls at all, the golden flowers of that
little Ranunculus, (repens), looking up as an old friend, reminding
us of home, and a thousand delightful associations, will surely give
you more real pleasure than the brightest golden visions you can
ever realise. A short walk through this noble forest of Hucalyptt
and Banksias (Honeysuckles, with bottle-brush-shaped flowers),
and Casuarinae (she oaks), brings us to St. Kilda. Here we get a
beautiful view of the sea, and Hobson’s Bay crowded with shipping
of all descriptions and of every nation. From this point we will
skirt the seashore, white as the driven snow, with the pretty Cor-
allina ————— , and covered with various beautiful Algae. In the
salt marshes, near the sea, we cannot but notice Mesembryanthemum
aequilaterale (pigs’ faces—fig marigold or canagong), with its
green fleshy leaves, and pink star-shaped flowers; the seed vessel,
which is about an inch-and-a-half in length, of a reddish-green
colour, as well as the leaves, is eaten by the natives with their
fish, in lieu of salt, and also makes an agreeable pickle. Just now
the little scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica multicolor) is rearing her
first brood, in a beautifully made nest of grasses, mosses, etc.,
lined with feathers. It delights, principally, in common with our
own “ plaintive warbler of the ruddy breast,” in places near dwell-
ings, and its song, though not so loud, is yet very sweet. The
male bird has its head, throat, and upper parts, black; forehead,
white; a longitudinal, and two oblique bands of white in the
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13
wings; breast and under part of neck, scarlet; lower part of belly,
white ; bill and feet, black. The breast of the female is also red;
_ but the whole of the plumage of a brownish tinge.
On the cliffs we shall find now, in full flower, the beautiful
Leucopogon Richet (N. O. Epacridex), or native currant, a large
dense shrub growing only by the sea, and attaining to a height of
from four to six or eight feet; the berries are white, small, and of a
herby flavour. In D’Entrecasteaux’s voyage, in search of La
Perouse, a French naturalist, named Riché, was lost for three days
on the south coast of New Holland, and supported himself princi-
pally upon the berries of this plant, in commemoration of which
circumstance, it has received its specific name.* Another smaller
species, L. virgatus, the petals of which are very minutely fringed
is also common on sandy soil. When mentioning the elegant
Stylidium graminifolium (grass leaved jack-in-the-box) in our last
chapter, which may be easily known by its numerous grassy-like
radical leaves, and pretty pink flowers, on a long naked stem, we
omitted to mention a peculiarity in it, which is said to afford much
amusement to the aborigines, who are, generally speaking, fond of,
and have a name for, many of the plants common in their own
territories. ‘The stigma lies at the apex of a long column, sur-
rounded and concealed by the anthers ; this column is exceedingly
irritable, and hangs down on one side of the flower, until it is
touched, when it suddenly springs up and shifts to the opposite
side of the blossom or calyx.f Brown, in his “ Prodromus Florae
Nove Hollandie,” p. 423, thinks that this irritability exists in all
the species (forty-five in number) in different degrees ;{ and we
have also observed the same in the labellum of Pterostylis,
(hooded orchis,) which is so common under Lucalyptz.
That rustle in the grass, by yonder swamp, reminds us that
‘It is the bright day that brings forth the adder,
And that wares many walking ;"’—Julius Cesar, act. ii. se. 1.
* Backhouse.
+ Lindley’s Veg. Kingdom, 2nd ed. p. 696.
t “Columne irritabilitas, que, in Stylidii graminiifolii quindecim circiter
abhinc annis a D. Paterson et Dav. Burton visa est, et quam nuper in pluribus
speciebus observavimus, forsan in omnibus licet gradibus diversis, existit.”
C
14
but snakes are timid creatures, and may, with ordinary care, be
avoided. They are rarely met with near towns, and we imagine
the cause to be, that the intense heat of the memorable “ Black
Thursday ” completely destroyed their haunts. Much as we have
traversed marshy lagoons, and places where they are likely to
obtain their prey, in search of fresh water mollusca and plants, we
have never, after many years’ residence in the colony, seen a single
live individual. Yet we know of many places where they are often
very unwelcome guests, and frequently notice instances of parties
being bitten by these reptiles; and we, therefore, do not hesitate
to devote a short space to a few simple remedies, to be applied in
cases of emergency. First and foremost, then, we recommend
promptitude ; the moment the bite is received, tie a handkerchief as
tightly as possible between the wound and the heart, to impede the
circulation, and prevent the poison being diffused through it; then,
with a sharp knife or lancet, scarify the flesh through and around
the wound, until blood flows freely; then, pinching up the flesh,
suck it powerfully for some time, (the poison is perfectly innoxious,
provided the mouth and throat of the person sucking are free from
sores, etc.); the juice of any stimulant plant, (Aristolochia) common
salt, or even lime, may then be applied. It is, probably, advisable
to give to the patient some stimulant as soon as practicable, to
prevent his falling into a comatose state; and, above all, avoid
frightening him. In other countries various remedies are employed.
A preparation of the root of Stmaba cedron (Zool. Soc. Trans., 9th
Nov., 1853). In the Brazils, an infusion in brandy of Simgunba
versicolor (Lindley’s Veg. King., p. 476), and ipecacuanha
poultices, are often used with success; but the “simple method
above mentioned is practised with the most decisive success
among the Parinagotus, Macosies, and other tribes inhabiting the
mountains of Sibaroni and Parime, against the bites of the Crotalus
or rattlesnake, and the more deadly Quaima and Haimararia.”*
Turning aside from the seashore, let us strike through this beau-
tiful scrub of Riccinocarpus sidaeformis (a useful purgative), with its
snow-white blossoms, around which is twining the pretty dodder-
* Remarks on Snake Poisons and their Remedies.—Hancock, Cor. Mem. Zool. Soc
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15
like Cassytha glabella, contrasting pleasingly with ,the rich blue of
Dianella revoluta (narrow leaved dianella), the leaves of which are
used by the natives for making baskets; and the graceful lilac
Diopogon leimonophilus.. The grass lands are covered with innu-
merable little gems, so minute as to be scarcely perceptible, but to
the quick eye of the botanist. Of these, perhaps, the most inte-
resting are, Aphelia pumilo, A. cypervides, Desvauxia tenuior, Ran-
unculus sessiliflorus, Mitrosacme paradoxa, Marchantia polymorpha,
Sebaea ovata, valuable for its. medicinal virtues, and the rarer
S. albidiflora, we have observed on the salt marshes, near Brighton,
and near Lady Bay, Warrnambool—in the latter situation fre-
quently six to eight inches in height.
S. ovata varies in height, from two to five inches, with five fid
yellow flowers; stem, square; leaves, in pairs, opposite, ovate,
nerved. In S. albidifiora the flowers are only four fid, and the
leaves not nerved. We may enrich our portfolio now, or, per-
haps, later in the year, November or December, with Veronica
gracilis,—
“The meek speedwell,
Looking up with gentle eye of blue,
To the younger sky of the self same hue."
Burchardia umbellata, Hydrocotyle tripartita, Chaetospora axillaris,
with many others, for which we refer to our botanical index.
That beautiful little Fairy Martin, skimming by, reminds us
that he, too, must have his meed of praise. This elegant species
is common about Melbourne, building its mud bottle-shaped nest
under verandahs, windows, and sides of houses. As far as our own
observation goes, it appears to leave the neighbourhood of towns
towards winter, and resorts further into the interior, frequenting
rivers and watery places, yet great numbers remain the whole yea
near dwellings. It is a remarkably bold bird, flying within a foot
of one’s face; and under the head of the ferry-boat, across the
Yarra, at Richmond, several pairs have built their nests and reared
their broods, flying in and out, quite regardless either of the motion
of the boat, or the numerous persons who are constantly crossing.
The crown of the head is rust red; back, scapulars, and wing
16
coverts, deep steel blue; wings and tail, very dark brown; rump,
buff; under surface, white, tinged with rust red; eggs, four in
number, white, veined with lilac.
And here, as the sun sets, dear readers, let us rest for awhile
ere we return, and contemplate the great goodness of the Almighty
in all that he has created. Every shrub, every insect, every bird,
however small, and however inconspicuous, has a certain place to
fill—certain uses, unknown, perhaps, to us, yet, probably, necessary
even to our existence—and certain charms, too,
“To move away the pall from our dark spirits.”
How much, then, have we to be thankful for !
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“
CHAPTER IV.
*“‘Dear Nature is the kindest mother still,
Though always changing in her aspect mild;
From her bare bosom let me take my fill.
* * ¥ *
Oh! she is fairest in her features wild.”’
Childe Harold, ¢. ii. v. 37.
THE summer is come at last, and daily some new face peeps up to
greet and assure us of bright warm days, and happy hours.
“Tt is delightful amidst the early dew
To be a wanderer! When the morning hours
Bear on their wings the perfume of all flowers;
When from the green earth to the heaven's blue
Ascends the song of birds.”
To a person accustomed to English country life and scenery, the
vegetation of Australia presents rather a sombre appearance, and
he misses the varied tints of the elm, the oak, and the splendid
blossoming spikes of the chestnut, and, later still, the ash, of which
Tennyson makes mention :—
‘¢+Why lingereth she to clothe her heart with love,
Delaying as the tender ash delays
To clothe herself, when all the woods are green?”
and he misses the beautiful notes of our less gaudily-coloured song
birds—the clear liquid voice of the speckled throstle—the mellow
voice of the blackbird,
‘* Bird of the jetty wing and golden Dill;”
>
the exquisite love notes of the blackcap,
‘‘ Glad as the sunshine and the laughing sky."
“18
Yet even here, in this our adopted land, the return of summer ‘is
marked by the greener foliage of the Hucalypitt, the thickly-clothed
grass lands, which will soon be scorched by the intense heat of the
sun’s rays; and the air is enlivened by the twitter of the swallow,
the “ chit-chit-chit” of the long-tailed tit, and the sweet, soft warble
of the robin (Petroica multicolor). The cocoons, so varied in shape,
which every one must have observed on the Hucalypti—some fasces,
some egg-shaped, others octagonal, are all empty, their inmates
having cast off their sluggish pupa state, and entered into the
world on their own account to taste some of the good things of this
life. Tread softly!—the hasty flight of that long-tailed tit,
“That giddy sprite,
Bluecap, with his colours bright,”
proves that there is a nest in yonder bush of Bursaria spinosa.
We thought so—and there flits the hen-bird, remaining with her
young to the last. We expected to see a pretty compact nest, like
that of our English long-tailed tit (Parus caudatus), but this is made
ef dried grass, carelessly put together, with an aperture at the side
—yet more care is taken with the interior, the bottom is soft as
velvet with feathers, on which are laid four or five white eggs,
about nine lines in length, tinged with pink, and spotted at the base
with light brown spots. Much as we long for the nest and eggs
we cannot withstand the earnest, piteous cries of the mother-bird
for her young. Now watch the male bird (vowing vengeance in
that sharp angry note, as he flies around our head) approach the
nest, aS we retire, and reconnoitre. Assured of its safety, and
joined by his mate, how amply are we repaid for our forbearance
by those sweet notes of joy and love.
The male bird has its forehead of the most exquisite azure blue;
the female is of a more sombre plumage, dull brown, so much
resembling the colour of the dried grass of which she forms her
nest that it is difficult to detect her when sitting. A wonderful
provision of our Creator is this assimilation of the plumage of the
female bird, in almost every instance, to the surrounding vegeta-
tion, thereby affording protection to her whilst rearing her young
brood. The absence of fear, which is mentioned above, we have
ip ei arge rage
rage Srciemenbaanalans eit bias one
teen hn jsiare eeqay sebesards edhe takes gett nit
one Yd obi sa! sheet ee HEN Peres vir HF, add
of anal 2c, at sith ysis panatiigne oti “abuts
Gal ; 7 14 dyit
A es ty ee val
eae ee ree a
‘aaa 25 dead Latest RPGR aed? Fd Bava |
) ‘Prtteied 7 Wilhmet Raw-ba Hh it oT
car DE AAR Seti Wi har hits 2 ay
De aa, ee ea re ee So dartt
is tre tocye ina mre -radiog try Vite as | bete Do oT te
teen 1d ti fist’ ona Lytt % a, ke bass itibe 4 a,
pe ina as unig wir ‘hopttts ete iret Ki aati ots teona
OE FN Shit BF a IME a awrord Mag Ca
jt 2 Bese Cost? 1 SPATTER yt hits! Mi BY Tie Ora
nein PAR otihy At? oti WH giro t ton We
boar Bie bono Cuil OA ke Sb ty! 3 quads} thi 49
es Bonyawk © hate Wiese: firs eviter ba vn sang
rien ‘SST OF vm AL fd are it thee’ ad 0 haste 4g
’ . wet | wan Yor ib bi. ot feowa Seri yd
ey ehitr sai od Te me | a rad Ga oct
ne eraemuily wi dinate Hoth We a Steet ‘od
yrimAs, % Oe ‘ednhoX hstvh SHY to T6lh ms D enor
i siabine were Tal pushy he Whe Mit a T ied: teen
| Riseihaian Pitta atte iP Yosior: P36 to Abe ot
edd oe ‘pomnteart Tee t th bi Sid alee
cad iain bas De ide 3% if yer yp Taye rt y a
sade ir the Shetek rn td 4 Ae ribs? & da fT Soo
t
SP ets sirnt ede hia aay Ser i ae
« ae
my a
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‘ . ad FC ty on shew, »
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pf et BT Oey e. . 1 Le «| :
rere Gee ma Wigs lila +d herd. “SY '
l P a a :
Var Re at
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Senet ee ee oo enenl ad
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we ary all Seridenr ee Amba - 19.9 nas
¥ ee bia FO met OTT Hae phe rrp wea pragessraiys
* nau, my is a PO at =e enn |
ae eta LF Pex d sae ee a rire | ‘
By custo ail ee oe ane Ole xl a zn
>: gear ae * REAR GRO,B nee’ es 0h 4
a HS pages Plies von youla J re ss nda
a ot <0 oo epee ¥ aTOd Oy OLA Le sage & . pan
‘ ee - = idea had PROP ERE iam 1 bmw aa bd ‘
“: sina VE late ‘are 6 14 P ieee > NEC Bangg
| ots roe wr ne ny ey ass Cee) WA | ‘palienh
von yor ‘yea et ae oy 1 o@ saad wl >
oe Saul i & ene he aie: oe j -“
; Pa _ ig si i er Y Segahionck, ssid
. =n wa! " o at a hae 80 D8 Cael. Camp aaa)
r oeieraatatid if ae ese Spiny a
"toede tae eee were league “a
iy ae Toe ein C ecneneaeial
asl: oo See ae ty OS Ah Pe
y
ay i 4
he
f pany
saa i ’ be
a
19
also had experience of in the kingfisher, which is so common on the
Yarra banks. We were walking one evening in the Richmond
paddock, intent on examining, and puzzling how to procure, the
various beautiful species of Loranthus, which are parasitic on some
of the venerable Hucalyptideae and Casuarinae, when we were
startled by a kingfisher darting by with great fury, and uttering at:
the same time a loud scream. Surely she must have a nest near,
we soliloquised, and after a careful examination, heard the harsh
. cries of the young birds proceeding from a hollow branch of a very
tall gum tree. The whole of the time we were making our obser- »
vations the female flew at us many times in great anger; but as
soon as we left the spot she returned to her nest, and soon quieted
the young whose cries had betrayed them. .
This bird, although nesting in the Eucalyptus, procures its food
in the same manner as our Alcedo ispida; and after immersing
itself, and taking its prey, beats it against the branch of a tree to
deprive it of life. Mr. Dixon, in his very delightful little book,
** The Dovecot and the Aviary,” p. 305, which we cannot too
strongly recommend to our readers, gives us a striking instance of
the power of instinct :—“ Kingfishers were brought up and kept by
me with the other birds, and, in fact, one nest of kingfishers was
confined in a separate cage with two hobby hawks. These hawks
-were brought up from the nest by my apprentice living with me at
that time; he also had the care of the kingfishers, which were fed
on dace and gudgeon until they could manage for themselves: but
;t so happened that he forgot my kingfishers, while he thought of
his own hawks, and I was astonished one day by observing, when
he threw into the cage the meat cut up into small pieces, these said
kingfishers dashing down upon the meat, and, dashing it against
the perches on which they alighted, as if to kill the imagined prey,
and at length bolt it.”
On the bark of the Kucalypti many prettily-marked species of
Hemiptera (plant bugs) may be obtained, and those interesting
insects, the ichneumons, whose singular habits are deserving of
notice here, from the vast number of them which appeared simul-
taneously with the myriads of moths which infested the whole of
the western coast this summer (1855), and caused needless alarm
20
to those unacquainted with their economy. The Ichneumonidae are
hymenopterous insects, i.e. having transparent wings, varying much —
in size, and serve as a useful check on those caterpillars which
prove destructive to vegetation. The female has three bristles at
the end of her long, slender body, the middle one of which is a
tube, called by entomologists an ovipositor, by means of, and
through which, the egg is transmitted; the two lateral ones merely
serving as a protection to it. This ovipositor varies much in length
—in those species which pierce the insect itself it is short, whilst in
those which deposit their eggs in the nests of other insects it is
remarkably long. Their mode of proceeding is as follows: when a
eaterpillar is found the female fly alights on it, and with a jerk
drives its ovipositor into its body, somewhere near the head, and
deposits its egg; it then withdraws the ovipositor and flies away.
This does not in any way interfere with the caterpillar, it still
feeds on as before, until it arrives at the chrysalis stage, by which
time the egg of the ichneumon is hatched to a small white maggot;
it then begins eating that fat part of the caterpillar which surrounds
the alimentary canal, always avoiding those parts which are essen- .
tial to life, aware apparently that the death of the caterpillar would
also cause its own destruction; by and bye it becomes a chrysalis,
and soon after the perfect insect or imago. There are upwards of
a thousand species of these insects already described; and it is pos-~
sible,‘says Newman in his “ History of Insects,” page 7 (to which
we refer our readers for a more detailed account of this interesting
tribe), “that every butterfly and every moth, indeed almost every
insect, has one peculiar to itself. The history of them all is nearly
similar.”
On the high Yarra banks, near the Lunatic Asylum, we may find
the rare grass Cinna ovata, and the coarse Anthistiria Australis
(kangaroo grass)—abundantly too Nicotiana suaveolens with white
flowers; MJuehlenbeckia complexa (Polygonee) is trailing along the
banks, and around some of the acacias climbs a beautiful Billar-
diera with long pendulous yellow flowers. The tea trees of the
colony, Melaleuca gunniana and Leptospermum, are now in bloom;
and several varieties of the Helichrysum (everlasting) ornament the
dry stony banks with their rich orange-coloured flowers, As we
oY Coal. ' er ,
-« ilapigp nob qrel, at ; bm oe
ee ae hese i. vidal pea ee
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8 PAR Mot THe © A) eran diner apie Phege athe. ate ob
Tr ap aia i obroait <i oe te fia ee is gy
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f 2. om . md 7 “rif ne i ok oh ”
J a “4h 72328 *- é
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co dant ‘pads “ie “ie eda shiacinis qe ETE “ee ls an ht .
“i tinh at ad bine 4b 4) aint aiatad sl Ait, Canes ws
Kage ot OEP: oie dl cee | greg ~ a aaa er Oris
sha Troe ia oil. tatsiachd oe oe beds ‘paid aks sae a
oh aga’ diane ag eter aah gh eet pon oa Bs
pest Ad Sew es deal igca! be ove ist BT PIE eT ae po be
be fvaints ieemit “hes Be Ls wiht! toe Abe gadin
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; Me Pas POG er: Nolita 1G my: a OM 42
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. ue havior o* sbuaw o1 sett ip ew bods: hose oak : he
aly ate are tat 9? “wy ve wee ty ede, morw Pub tequila ae a
‘(Per me A ¥ ahi me wee Levene hecssicatn
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“ef sae VEE A iis tl
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Sd bat write _ phot > hashar hun jue aes
‘ ant site soda brn Yee ‘pare tate: “perly geet pela
eae eetbawie” ante pita’ Bite yliadinis ett gelliid 4
Seen eevee vlarnt eewrrveet rh. vibearte ® ome ca
ted A Te ‘wn « (T x aber town’ - oe yet ’ cvisht Tire Wore
op: eee nines - % i to viPsiry’s oit- wo pita t ‘3 o
4 ot te Sa" renat ne depar of onal
oy. Ate 4% i Bo: cere ah om ver wt TY @ mes ange
bhpiathe oe ~ eee mr Op dowrpsay vg we wor ft Perit ca
eo
am 9 Hs a 4 Y: ‘
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r Feat a Se - ' a by | oa 7. i
ear te, eit Vodol 42) madoutd aig eG
4 4 i \ ears ee
« Ye -, ° . 4 ‘a are!
: eal , . - apeeer re , : - Seve ey oht ‘Ab 9
frost Wats bie Te bili i the ot oe es Ca 2th
hekscd> atin saldty tide ofa) ody nivinnrstiedl
warn ah bs “nei, -/attel Prin, ey at wath: sae * “| ned
Suialitlen vay bin i safaadn pit efarfonie ‘Hiw. ow \ eae
2 Veep wd ary Cis ” ttn #? 542 te oe yterM 4 wr erty *
> A Pg (VI aT payee ae 0 Spa, Sao
le al king ye oso nme
cp, ome toes Mie on Dig iat Age soqwhi yin nes 6 aT tah 5 ea
ay 7 Ph, ik Webi. ; ae LF cae ee 2 bch.
21
rest by the river side we notice footprints of the opossum, kangaroo
rat, and native cat, we are startled now and then by the harsh note
of the laughing-jackass, and the bronze wing pigeon starts up
hurriedly from amidst clusters of Rhagodia nutans, on the red fruit
of which it feeds. We have always felt an interest in this bird
since reading Sturt’s account of it in his “ Expedition into South
Australia,” which we will give in his own words:—
‘* As the sun declined we got into open forest ground, and travelled forwards, in
momentary expectation from appearances of coming in sight of water; but we
were obliged to pull up at sunset on the outskirts of a large plain without having
our expectations realised. The day had-been extremely warm, and our animals
were as thirsty as ourselves. Hope never forsakes the human breast, and thence
it was that, after we had secured the horses, we began to wander around our
lonely bivouac. It was almost dark when one of our men came to inform me that
he had found a small puddle of water, to which he had been led by a pigeon. It
was indeed small enough, probably the remains of a passing shower, it was, how-
ever, sufficient for our necessities, and I thanked Providence for its bounty to us."
Of the habits of this bird, and indeed of every native bird and
animal which not long since was common around Melbourne, we
know but little, it being the unmanly and inhuman practice, one
which we condemn most earnestly, for persons newly arrived in the
colony to destroy every thing they meet with. We could say
much, as we feel strongly, on the cruelty of this practice, particu-
larly as we have so much to learn of the habits of every creature
inhabiting a colony so little known as that in which we reside.
This month we may find in flower everywhere Linum marginale
(flax); Hypericum involutum (St. John’s wort); Pelargonium Aus-
trale, a pretty little geranium with a delicious perfume; Scutellaria
humilis (skull-cap); Solanum laciniatum (kangaroo apple); Mentha
Australis; Erpetion hederaceum (the little white violet which clothes
the Yarra banks); Galium Australe (bedstraw); Senecio adoratus,
with a host of others. We will conclude this chapter with a glean-
ing from a gem, “ The Mystery of the Beautiful :”—
““Let each one go to Nature as often as possible, casting aside, for a littie while,
at least, his worldly cares; let him go in confidence and faith, and he will not seek
in vain."
22
NOTES ON NATURAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER V.
PHASCOLOMYS WomBAT.—FPeron. Desm.
Didelphis ———. Shaw.
We think it the duty of every naturalist, as far as lies in his
power, to make known to science whatever particulars he can col-
lect concerning the habits and instincts of those animals which are
indigenous in that part of the country in which he resides; and
also to correct, where he can, statements made by parties entirely
unacquainted, ex visu, with their mode of living, where they are
at variance with facts. Never was correction more needed than in
the “Notes onthe Natural History of Australasia,” recently published
in the “ Melbourne Monthly Magazine;” and we lose no time ere
such absurd ideas become more generally diffused.
At page 100 we read :—
‘* Although there is a spinal extenuation, it is destitute of a tail.”
* * - * * %
‘*Tt has no pouch.”
% % * * *
‘They possess a greater abundance of fat than any other Australian quadruped,
which when boiled down makes excellent candles.”
* * * * *
‘The male shares with the dam the duties of rearing their young.”
‘“‘ Each strives, by parental kindness, to exceed the other in attending to their
offspring. This particular tendency on the part of the wombat may be ordained by
nature to compensate for the loss of the pouch.”
Without noticing these remarks seriatim, we will describe, for the
information of our readers who are not residing near wombat set-
i
| itis aisha ag ine, Pes -
ee CAEN mt. Wk ade
" poe ey one : 40 ges ny x ies | es) As ~ s «
i ehB: 54 AS: he wet a tg ‘s or a
+ oa eet 4 ° ; + o =z
fom ge ors ee ea ie
ae i re on ‘ i io oh
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ee “a mr ’ td
te Sth Pe een =
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: ’ ;
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3 se. ne F: ed i ' ; .
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23
h tlements, their appearance and their habits from actual experience.
The scientific name of this extraordinary animal is Phascolomys
' Wombat; and we would here remark how much we approve of the
‘native names being used specifically as in this case, for it facilitates
- conversation with the aborigines, when wishing to learn from them
any particulars relative to indigenous animals or plants.
~The wombat belongs to the Marsupial family (having a pouch,
from which we have ourselves taken the young); a thick, short,
clumsy-looking quadruped, about four feet in length, and weighing
nearly a hundredweight (to which our shoulders have often borne
witness).* It is covered with a thick coat of strong, stiff hair, of a
light brown or grey colour, the back broad and flat, legs very short,
the belly almost touching the ground; in fact it has, as Swainson
describes, “‘a shapeless body;”t yet his drawing is that of an arched
barrel-shaped animal, higher from the ground than is natural.
The toes in the fore feet, five in number, are all clawed; but in
the hind toes four only are clawed, the fifth assuming a tubercled
or rounded appearance. The eyes very much apart; head flat,
covered with a very thick skin, as is the hinder part of the body,
which is in great repute for saddles.
Unattractive as these creatures are, they are perfectly harmless,
and social in their habits, feeding on grass; and from the immense
number of wombat holes on the sea-coast, seem to have some very
extensive settlements “under the sod.” They burrow through
masses of the shelly sandstone peculiar to this place, being furnished
with strong nails;—and during the breeding season we have never
seen the male in the same hole with the dam.
There is something particularly exhilarating and inspiriting in
the shooting of wombats: the stealing out at dead of night with
stealthy footsteps, now and again stopping your breath almost to
listen for the sound of the animal grazing, or scratching to rid him-
self of the enormous ticks by which he is tormented; the stalking
* Mr. Swainson, in his ‘‘ Classification of Quadrupeds,” p. 339, says, ‘‘ Its size is
that of a rabbit; and Bulwer, in his clever novel, ‘‘ The Caxtons,” p. 414, speaks
of it as ‘‘between a miniature pig and a small badger."
+ ** Swainson’s Classification of Quadrupeds,"’ p. 338.
24
on hands and knees, or crawling along on face and hands, as you
near his subterraneous abode. A treacherous twig snaps, and away
he scuttles with a motion peculiar to himself to the mouth of his
hole, where he remains for a few moments with ears erect, until
fear gives way to hunger, and he again makes his appearance.
Anxious moments these for the sportsman! ‘The heart beats high
—one single rustle and all hopes are gone—but gently, and more
gently still, the gun is brought to the shoulder, cocked noiselessly,
but not before the timid animal has observed the glittering of the
moonbeams on the barrel, and off he scuttles again; but too late
this time, his head being pierced through by a bullet, and the
sportsman just manages to rush to the hole in time to prevent his
crawling into his burrow to die.
In every adult individual we have seen, the spinal extenuation—a
tail toall intents and purposes—has been between three or four inches
in length. We have skinned several, and noticed the almost entire
absence of fat, particularly in the female; and the idea of boiling
down and making candles is really too absurd to notice. So far
from being “very slow in its motions,” its pace when disturbed is
remarkably rapid, so as to defy a flying shot; and one old fellow,
almost white with age, for some considerable time eluded us by his
agility.
We cannot reconcile the statement of Mr. Blandowski (“ Phil.
Soc. Trans.,” vol. i. p. 687), that “the natives object to skin this
animal, owing to the pernicious effect which the fat in its raw state
has on the phosphorus of the bone of the hand,” with our own
experience. The blacks have always an objection to skin any
animal whose flesh they use as food—simply, we imagine, because
the skin is used to protect the flesh whilst cooking—yet, as far as
our own observations go, confirmed by those of others even better
able to judge than ourselves, they never manifest any reluctance
to skin it when required.
These animals are very numerous on the coast about Warrnam-
bool, Port Fairy, etc. |
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25
SPINE-TAILED SWALLow. Hirundo caudacuta.
By the seashore at Brighton, on 28th January, 1854, wind N.,
ther. 93° in shade at eight a.m., observed several specimens of the
spine-tailed swallow; an individual of which was shot by our friend
Mr. F. C. Christy, at Richmond, from a flock of some hundreds, on
10th December, 1853. The following is a pretty accurate descrip-
tion; but our readers may find a plate of this bird in the “ British
Birds,” by the Rev. F. O. Morris, vol. ii. page 86, figured from a
specimen shot in England, on 9th July, 1846, in the parish of Great
Hakesley, near Colchester, in Essex :—
Length from tip to tip, seven and a-half inches; expanse of wing,
nineteen inches; upper side of wings steel black; the back between
the wings dusky brown, approaching to buff; two last minor
feathers of each wing, next to body, half white; head dusky black,
with metallic hue; rump darkening until it reaches the tail, which
is quite black; throat dirty white, extending one inch and a-half;
tail feathers ten in number, “‘ the shaft of each feather projecting
beyond the web, forming a row of spines about an eighth of an inch
long from the middle feathers, and gradually shortening on the
side ones.”
It is indeed an unaccountable circumstance (as remarked by the
Rev. F. O. Morris) why and wherefore this bird should have thus
winged its way to so remote a part of the earth, our very antipodes.
The length of the wings, and the rapidity with which birds of this
genus fly, will easily account for the how it winged its course
thither, particularly when we remember that the common swallow,
Hirundo rustica, is-able to traverse the distance of three thousand
miles in three days, and that the spine-tailed swallow is able to .
sustain itself in the air during the entire day without cessation. The
flight of the eagle has been said to be so rapid that it would be able
to go round the world in nine days. As to the “why” and the “where-
fore” this bird paid a visit to the British shores, we can only attri-
bute it to that curiosity which all animals have, more or less (for
which, by the bye, it paid dearly), and a desire to see a little more
of the world.
This bird is sometimes called the “needle-tailed” and “‘pin-tailed
swallow.”
D
26
Do Hawks Drink ?
We observe that information is solicited on this subject by some
of our English naturalists, and we lay the evidence, pro and con,
before our readers, trusting that they will favour us with their
opinions, where they result from actual experience.
Audubon, in his “Ornithological Biography,” vol. i. page 89,
speaking of the Great-footed Hawk, (Falco peregrinus), says,
‘“‘Many persons believe that this hawk and some others never
drink any other fluid than the blood of their victims; but this is an
error. I have seen them alight on sand-bars, walk to the edge of
them, immerse their bills nearly up to the eyes in water, and drink
in a continued manner, as pigeons are known to do.” A writer in
vol. iv. page 138 of the “Naturalist,” corroborates Audubon’s asser-
tion—at any rate with regard to the kestrel and the merlin.
We are of opinion that the hawk tribe do not invariably drink,
particularly those of this country. A young sparrow-hawk was
brought to us about two years since, which was kept in a garden for
six months, without having access to any fluid whatever beyond
that obtained from the raw meat given him for his morning meal.
To test his powers of abstaining, we placed before him one sum-
mer’s morning a pan of water, into which he plunged instantane-
ously, and remained standing in it, on one leg, for a considerable
time, without attempting to drink. As the winter approached the
bath was neglected altogether.
Thus far our own opinion, confirmed too by the fact, that Aus-
tralian birds are enabled to exist with the smallest quantity of
water, often indeed without any; in confirmation of which we cull
from “'The Dovecote and the Aviary,” before mentioned, which no
naturalist’s shelf should be without, some interesting facts on the
power which the pigeon and kingfisher possess of abstaining from
water; and the author remarks that ‘‘a similar power of abstinence
is to a degree enjoyed by other inhabitants of the same terrible
wastes—for which the words arid, desert, inhospitable, are far too
feeble epithets. The Talpero (Hapatolis Mitchellit), an animal
with many of the habits of our rabbit, but not much larger than a
mouse, must live for many months together without water, feeding
Sy:
ia ee Sees Seegsnaa Ae uh
aR aig dader asd
Saitoh ateeian: iabh tg sett y hee 4
~ @: Lesapiind — ham hag ions Bld 38
very Pat ors
soadilerent tie ible iia ea hea 2. a6 4
pak Oe a het ee
Be . al de p +
bf a 1 ao tpapetesaia eed finaly Sins tas: ode i oh SNe,
= eal ~
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Sth per ahr om fete abet a0 6s (OD AOFM
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se
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ray wriet oot ho ieee Sah? gress oe fpr sep oe a
ak Bis A were aye’, a * a Mate A Usdee Pe ee | ee lee | Ae
aR PT Tove et ott: ote . Fb itr: i jim -uhl . 4
ai sais. we ang ee BSF 2h 4 (oy $bx: 7 fay 4 IF ae
ay reales , Ar od og grey satilt ee Meee ft 12% hs xi
a
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meres)
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an une eae Gretectary artis i ek: ie tae TER
Kiley ' 9 a ~ SOR
atwr bales were 5 pve > isl’ YE eelata rie vt a ie
> pene are & tenn Sasi shen a ieentsitiialeian itt
pas.
ym Sea, ee ihe eat ge) ae vebabiin: ha: ites
oe =f ee wet ‘poe Papers” rf p< Dee e'
tt wey ‘TS fr} wa runinigkt
£ ang 7. ‘. pe > m Fe 5 a"
(a ere ae: Se oes a Fe itd RY a &’- Bas & Ft ty read hs, thet pee peel, ’
eta’? a brs ae Lenore tytn ys te
‘ord he tie ane, sane B Sh shows rT ae atDhint wit silting
ee ‘. - cedar!
ae { tye i = eyeoe “": a Pe Presb! , tar ——! agin key
: la jah Ae tient bas: wht fs: rn Soiris Sta Re cried
5 pe Rk nar syed weer iter nett: reas! ops Toaerhaeady
+ a ay ws } ‘ ah
' a” oy , =o <!
» ~e? nm
. , aie he 4
7 - as ’ ry “A P|
- {- ’
= . ' ’ A Me : “nota See :
tp BY Utes, «i oo i ei? i kgs See keee Be Aevbreal & Fray) ae
J : , “ Pp ety ’ p +, Ae ae
\ ; . ad . . ¢ - “ "=
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. es ‘ a
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bo
on the tender shoots of plants; and the bronze-wing (Phaps chalcop-
tera) and harlequin pigeon (Phistrionica) just take an evening sip
of the muddy pool they have flown so far to taste, and are off
again to their parching haunts, after having only just wetted their
bill:’ and Captain Sturt remarks, ‘It is astonishing indeed that so
small a quantity as a bare mouthful, should be sufficient to quench
their thirst in the burning deserts they inhabit.”
Mr. Darwin, in his “‘ Journal of the Voyage of the Beagle,” page
2, says, “It had not now rained for an entire year in St. Jago.
The broad, flat-bottomed valleys, many of which serve during a
few days only in the season as water-courses, are clothed with
thickets of leafless bushes. Few living creatures inhabit these
valleys. The commonest bird is a kingfisher (Dacelo Jagoensis)
which tamely sits on the branches of the castor-oil plant, and
thence darts on grasshoppers and lizards. It is brightly coloured,
but not se beautiful as the European species; in its flight, manner,
,and place of habitation, which is generally in the driest valleys,
there is also a wide difference.”
Mr. Goold, too, in his very beautiful work on the “Birds of
Australia,” to which referenee may be made either at the Museum
of Natural History er the Public Library, speaks of kingfishers
which appear to be endowed with the power of sustaining and
enjoying life, without. the least supply ef water, and believes too
that it is not essential to their existence.
Strange indeed, as Mr. Dixon remarks,* “that amongst creatures
80 closely allied, and bearing such a striking family resemblance as
the kingfishers do to each other, one species, our own (Alcedo
_ hispida) should be almost bound to the vicinity of brooks and
streams; whilst others, equally occupying their allotted place in
creation, and fulfilling the office assigned to them by Providence,
should be able, in order to perform that task, to dispense with what
is usually considered the necessary element of water, except just the
few thimblesful of liquid contained in their living prey, that are
absolutely requisite to keep their animal fluids circulating.
a
* *Dovecote and Aviary,” page 310,
28
To conclude, we earnestly invite our readers to communicate
with us, not only on this, but on every matter connected with
natural history, and they may rest assured, not only of our co-ope-
ration, but of our imparting to them the little knowledge we pos-
sess in exchange for their ideas on subjects with which we are not
conversant.
.
tt ace
y ee
pe es Rylagh
og Ls
at Seve MAT, cen
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CHAPTER VI.
ON THE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTIONS.
In some of our earlier jottings we promised at a future day to give
instructions for the collection and preservation of natural produc-
tions, and we think it not inappropriate to devote one short chapter
to that purpose, more particularly as a museum having been estab-
lished by the Government of this country it is absolutely necessary,
in order that it should attain any degree of utility, that every one
_ Should co-operate in furnishing materials. ‘There is nothing so inte-
resting asa really good collection of the indigenous birds, fishes, plants,
etc. of a new country; and we sincerely trust that every one who has
the progress of natural science at heart will give a helping hand to
this valuable institution. For collecting plants we have found
nothing necessary besides a small spade, made of steel and iron,
for obtaining the specimen entire, and a light portfolio with leather
straps (which may be carried as a knapsack), filled with coarse
unsized paper, in which to put the plants as they are gathered.
On arriving home the collector should at once make any exami-
nation he may think necessary while the specimen is fresh, making
notes of any peculiarity which may exist—the habitat, time of
_ flowering, and so on—in a note-book, which he should always have
with him. (We make a rule never to trust to memory). He may
then, after selecting good and perfect specimens, choosing those in
seed where practicable, arrange them carefully and naturally
between sheets of coarse paper—newspapers answer the purpose
remarkably well,—laying several dry sheets between each specimen
as it is more or less succulent. We seldom find it necessary to
change the papers (as nearly all botanists recommend), if placed
ina dry, warm situation, with a slight pressure; nor do we approve
; of the plants being overpressed, as is too frequently the case, ren-
dering it impossible to examine them at any subsequent period.
30
The specimens being thoroughly dry then, they should be placed,
each species by itself, in a sheet of white printing paper, either
loose, or confined by strips here and there of gummed paper, but
never entirely fastened. A coloured sheet, of a larger size, may con-
tain all plants of a genus, and a different one all the genera, form-
ing one natural order. For example,—Polygonum prostratum, P.
subsessile, and so on, are placed on the first sheet, and labelled
Polygonum; these again, with the genus Rumex and Muehlenbeckia,
form the Natural Order Potyconrm. This forms aneat herbarium.
A label should be attached to each sheet with the name of the
specimen, when and where collected. For instance:—
Polygonum prostratum. R. Brown.
Banks of Yarra. April, 1856.
A good pocket lens is indispensable; and we have found a smalt
knife, made by Murray of the Melbourne Arcade, for the purpose
very useful in dissecting minute plants.
ALG a.—Having resided for the last two years near the sea-coast
we have taken great interest in the marine alge, and found some
hints kindly given us by Miss Gifford, author of a valuable little
work, “The Marine Botanist,” of much assistance in properly lay-
ing down and preserving the colours of seaweeds. .
In collecting seaweeds care should be taken to gather those
either growing in the pools left by the tide, or those recently
thrown up by the sea; for when exposed to the air they decompose
and lose their colour: and we recommend collectors to ascertain
before drying their plants, by the help of a lens, whether they are
in fruit or not, for such are to be desired, and if so, whether it is
granular or capsular. The specimen should then be placed in a
fiat dish, filled with fresh water, and when properly expanded, a
sheet of paper to be gently placed underneath, until the plant
assumes a natural appearance; then gently raise the paper, allow-
ing the moisture to run off, after which lay it in blotting paper
(which should be kept entirely for marine plants), having thick
javers between each, and place under weights,
Where time is an object, as with ourselves, we recommend our
va y abiiter to diate: a abet a
a Peas Deity? roid Wiiston dda ets er»
% ian ad Pagano.) | A te 4 4a eay rit Fen ae
ie ae 5, ve a LE gph nz Lie
Watt Bagh Hatta mst itl: gabe? > si 4
Bete bet
P :
: eo » '
Ure Ot tne PRACT A i.e cet, bode hi tet
ieniea ae PabA CM ae eee, ve whe
ei »wceanl av{ ; 4 j ..
mee ; “ :
Pines? riers wee PRK ee are lye >. :
baths hy a yiad 6 yt Bi. 5 ; ‘
; oo tee + he ‘galt oy bor hz, i) ts al wl
1 a ‘ ac : c ; e
ie haat Meee. Saft Th “Lei e ate
ee f ; : ye | J
Remo A Wheat Winco c stl
“ca
‘ haiti es ie ee poh ea
po hei J ee ite ¥ Fired pha Leary bee
whe site roe fe pine rin taba ane ats Ye
sas pie ilies bvaverecoris et e ee ee
gta Se tx bene! eh af s bet y yt 94
ar yhes i Rie fyeti i caw 2
eee? HG Pierre OT orl
ia tadejen haw ah “serge |
Hide. ey ~ere ule ait Ale
ohsnaainas ee ee
ze
oer or {<3 sn
erty vest ; i fiat a? ’
sham. ais eo eter, ¢ ' hi guurttigh: the
, i ‘i
‘ yin wahoo > wide beni
iP ven
Se eR:
.
5
_ aie! io em a
oo aes Scales oaths:
oa er meme enc Ao ali ea
!
‘a
PAD AAS OX
as wor RY. Tie
Ly
cokes YR fala Co A penamcae conan tet
tie ait om hearin = ae
“Bhs aN Ay WY ie pa ere chibi ‘
Be ee ss aniaseyy r. ae Beer sas
a clad Soh’ Aa eee
al - he © rs is’ , ; Ph f
via, ge xl peal elt iis SPP RIER sli ie euns da a
hae, sterile 2 ferncurng ced ‘angle eseys yl Cy ea :
wack Tiyan age rienced rece ee ‘ pas a Bh ip ;
ai le f " som |. ,
. ‘. @ oF vl
vie, Ayls ®, debit de rr Pe hema shaban it eta 5
got Pw hls era, ogee been aseed hiss mtd) dye an we ee a
a i Risa ey: al Tektites tk te > TO ben hee i t
aun or cre te ee in pitt eae eg tihie t
io} at book. vcore O49 Te. a elebnaib dl orn Hasoane
a ne 1 jeans MSM TE A, dee qoasit! tobe oven
| pate ehupin dh FA eee Oni hen bij ah odety sii bis )
pew Lol >
»
RetheDed , toctaty, nan x cineeey Ae oe orgpnnanlt cna ol ,
wey! ape VE werd: oe Aa ose: ‘1 ~andond] wt
Seb cah ‘alien, ’ eyeicite shine “yay seas aS ora:
» PO tes Bie oy a Ot he oer 3 CaN mani el
Sawsewleld yn! oh badly Ge gankiandy “anneal Mire
Ms higoaties said one ais chimp sich inal
0. 4G gi sien ite «eee ce] sviadeatiaaaal “7
Mehl rks dag? ha warerd: (thittar soca atiaby reeene ik seta 9
He RRA maa wig Bey factions, galgomyh ener wh ght pce Prot con i
Alero “ehh, Mw LM RO OTT we a OR: iaobich a ;
ee tae Yee aH) whan wen MOE” Bi pot a
i elt 1" Me 4? eel earn Tidy aul gered jess
.
peat, |
pire
iia vans :
ope.
aon
a
31
yeaders to adopt the suggestions of Dr. Harvey, which are most
valuable :—
“To preserve alge in a rough state it is only necessary to spread the specimens,
without any previous washing, and even without squeezing the natural moisture
from them, drying them in an airy situation, not exposed to too powerful a sun.
They must be thoroughly dried to prevent mouldiness or heating, and can then be
packed in paper bags, or loosely packed in boxes. Corallines, corals, and sponges,
require no trouble when once collected. It is merely necessary to dry them
roughly, and pack them amongst the dried seaweeds.”
For a list of the indigenous algz we refer to Dr. Mueller’s second
report on the vegetation of the colony.
SHELLS.—The collector should invariably obtain live shells; for
then the colours are natural, and the specimen less likely to have
sustained injury. The animal may be preserved in spirits; or, if
the shell only is required, it may easily be destroyed with hos
water, and picked out. The shell may then be cleaned with a soft
brush and soap, and placed with its operculum in a box with cotton
wool, or if for the cabinet, in small cardboard trays. For collecting,
nothing is required but a coat with numerous pockets to contain a
quantity of small chip or tin boxes, a stiff knife, and, for the fresh-
water species, a small mesh hand-net. We have noticed the fol-
lowing in our rambles along the coast at Warrnambool :—Serpula,
Balanus (six miles up the Hopkin’s River), Anatifa, Avicula, Natica,
Haliotis, Trochus, Turbo, Phasianella, Fusus, Nassa, Sepia, Cerithium,
Paludina; in Pertobe Lagoon—Lymnaea, Physa, Unio, Truncatella;
and in the Merri River—Planorbis, etc. ete.
VERTEBRATA.—We know of nothing so good for the thorough
preservation of the skins of birds and the vertebrate animals in
general, as a weak solution of corrosive sublimate in spirits of
wine, as it effectually prevents insects or vermin from attacking the
specimens prepared with it; indeed, for the smaller specimens, it is
only necessary to take out the entrails and fill the body with the
solution. After a few moments have elapsed, drain, and fill the
cavity with cotton wool (‘dipped in ether.”) We have specimens
$2
of the golden-crested wren, the tits, nuthatch, done in this way
many years since, quite unimpaired.
Insects.—The smaller Lepidoptera are easily killed by slightly
pressing the body; the larger by inserting into the thorax a sharply-
pointed quill, dipped in a strong solution of oxalic acid. Coleoptera
and Orthoptera should be immersed in boiling water. Newroptera,
Diptera, and Hymenoptera are destroyed in a few seconds by plac-
ing them in a bottle with a few drops of chloroform.
Lepidoptera should be killed immediately they are captured, as
fluttering destroys their plumage.
For full instructions for collecting and preserving insects we
refer our readers to Newman’s “ History of Insects,” where also
they will find many useful hints on killing, setting and arranging
their specimens, and means for their capture.
SKELETONS may easily be prepared by boiling in water, and
then removing the flesh by syringing the specimen with cold water,
which leaves it perfectly clea
Be
pew Niue <) ais
sats
oe.
4 mae onions onli ee
joaeree AF tad eI ANE HEE ay *
Groat “oat Pega y aa
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niet
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at rae 7 * a a :
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| aegis ee SPR Nie RS:
se Pans “i Bie es Ae) Mey - ty eh (C5. cat ae aden! oe) iY aeige?
: : ry io Aan oy, . It aioe oe Re ST ae
E . ‘Sar le si abe ieee ee a ar ‘~ Feo
rat ie th _— ee oe a cee wre oe Ha, ae
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f va 5 sen he a
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A CATALOGUE
OF THE
Mlants common in the Colony of Victoria,
WITH THEIR HABITATS AND DATES OF FLOWERING.
(Tl.ose marked * have been introduced. ]
te a he pair ;
7 Want nl ee Pod 2
Leta R te PRU Ee ROR Oe er
SP UC Eiaat nigra CBE
ie eel TAR ae he :
Hrd Fo 90d adh at nom
Hite AR ie . i ; Sti rabeeee
doy t +f “ee . ¢
PO) SOMENOIE TO EWES MA rath arith ]
Lyn f aa Se
rH el <1 } Ww. , an
’ : ; om f . e: ' | .
Ee Of Da el atihed Gites. 9 tant 8 bite: ee |
Pi y * 4 ( ~
‘
*
2
{te hete ty RP
5 Bese Nar
ie Cae
ays.
am
‘a Pale
pene yee ee ae a? # Kay
. ~ tart re . at : ae,
Bechet ret ois) AE egie SPORT ee Fe er i
ina DS eh, He , ia .
1% Soyeteg ia * > z ee * edd 9 ht be ee
ve ap Pond ee!) oot Se epee ix F , et
one Se rcgonlon rele. a Widte dd ote Fo ng ona
P ce a = ’
Phin patho ee - oe ‘ete rep torte eee
bp Loe Pn a"
ia Ss ae rae AO .<s
sa LAME ; ad
Ww Gs ; “
i i . : : :
i? a me ee : . is
+ ari “ahad 6, Fae hee ee eo ee, ee a *& A a, ; - \ 7 fr)
ev. - ee gee Se CA ie y ¥-7
. Reape sat “ont me aia vt. opie * MA ond ri Pe TRE are
a eit ee it sng My < m » ere: ere
eee,
- PRs i ‘ f
ea Nea r bes aes ore r ~ 3
* * ‘Pry
tg ond. cee = ~e eo Y We,
f a Oe ee ; P r
- “— - 2 ¥ z p
.- ~ ‘?, — ts ”
= «
- $ a a ww r
- ° ~*~
' ~
7 * YD C ow Pa ‘on ~~ ~ i
> pe ‘ _
i oo
=f 9 rx 7
‘ = $ . «4
fd gery be : . a”
y -
on teettlo oo wv * ' ¢ ?
ie e - < f
we) “* “ >
.
~ P i? * -
a ata ~
* : , fy
7 *
ae fain
: 7 j —
/ “ » * ou
je vt ngs oth
% ’ vs 7 = eS Eee </> “
. A i
' > ~ oo
_~ ’ :
* °
s 4 a
7 a
"s ‘ *
aoe *..
= 7 »
a ' :
. . “4 }
all \
. oo"
. :
*
» . a
Ld - di ~ » _—
« te ta -
{ a 4
ty w .
e ie y v he -
b ¥ +
>
_
‘ x -
.
m
La ‘, :
7 ¥ 2 h
v
4 *
-) + - =
oo ; ;
. \
Trews «
p *
ra ad a
'
.
-
“ > Pigs 20
e +
¢ ni 4 4
4 ca
, aa? i “? 2
: -
eed s ~~ ~ *“
*
.
r ’ i
. - 7
™ - a
=
’ ‘ omg
: : ce i) , ®
4 ia dain) jag Py "
’ 2 f
ate Bi pad de
we aie? 5 et
Po AE i os it i te easy
aa e : reciey di, EY NaS Be
& WFD eae BAe Pat fe own
.
Na a
i’ a
ea te
ie _ vu Ry KS Fm tm ee 2
: he ’
me Ue
7 ~ >
ory ee
ey 4
Fw hs *<
bap ot
ae
a dan ‘
. *
é ‘
_ z
: >
ie a
ae oh
4
al : fy oa *
~~ . Dee >t re a ge
; *s a — a Fat
: a gh} Peele "ae
- * i] y
uk <7 S72 > ge’ L
» , i es a. - : _ 7" : pion ~, a
ra MON. es 7h" 4: 9h . . P BF Re : Aas
3 w 25 on > . é
3 . » i ea
™ a - -*%
6 «4%. * « fi
* - . ' » “
ad s 20 ‘ “ i - 5
ia. C c 4 a
ye “ =, . >
“ » : a . 14 om ~ # ’ , »
ey wie . . in -
P ‘ es od “ c
r ‘ >~ ; ” =
wae pial ° —— .
\' ; » ‘ Way S . ’ “rer » wns
: £ 1 ial ~ é g - * Yes & v s ae 4 »* i v
od ce ; - 7 s Be, as ‘ “oy Later age Leama
. . ’ _ a win, - nol Shute > ae - * AR
ig ea Loe ee > NES . ~* hse ~F ~poptey Re; Se eee
a : + “ A ~ 7 ° . yok : 7s yaar ‘
‘ 4 F k
» “
a ‘he ut
.
¥ - « 4 - Cn >
otite
\ { »
. ¥ x \ ~
r ’ € r i
J ‘i ,
. Peete |
. .
<o ay, & ,
ay
- afi
My d ! 7
i. .. te P y x
; 7 te't 9 + >
~ * :
‘ ul 3
4 aT? at
. *
, “- a ay a
: *, , . ‘4
e Ai v
’ ae ~ nf ,
os =i
A
r, f - . We ing
- st ' ¥ bi, th =
x be ee
, hae
7 ” 5 a
» b ‘
. ?
p . e a4
4 ’ ‘ . 5
. x ~ 4
~ an > + ~ “7
é ‘
‘ be i 7 a
' ‘
* . *
or er
» . t
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hg 4 : .
- a . ~~ * »
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Z .
J e . 5 FE . ~
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*,
' ms
. - ia Ld
DICOTYLEDONEA;
[oR PLANTS HAVING TWO SEED LOBES OR COTYLEDONS. |
THALAMIFLOREH, CANDOLLE;
[Flowers having both a calyx and corolla, the latter consisting of
distinct petals. Stamens always hypogynous, or united to the
sides of the ovary. |
RANUNCULACE, JUSSIEU.
Clematis microphylla—Candolle.
Has. Abundant around Melbourne; climbing gracefully on shrubs in its
vicinity: Sand hummocks at Warrnambool.
F). Spring. y
(Name—from clema, a vine branch.)
Clematis appendiculata—Ferd. Mueller
Has. Mount Disappointment.
Fl.
Ranunculus pimpinellifolius—Hooker.
Haz. Scrubby places.
Fl. December.
Figured in ‘‘ {cones Plantarum,” vol. iii. tab. 260.
Ranunculus inundatus—inundated crowfoot.
Has. Swamps around Melbourne.
Fl. November.
Ranunculus sessiliflorus—R. Brown. Sessile-flowered crowfoot.
‘Has. Marshy places, Melbourne, Warrnambool.
Fl. September
(Name of this genus from rana, a frog—from many of the species growing in
swamps infested by that animal.)
36
DILLENIACEH, CANDOLLE.
Pleurandra sericea—R. Brown. Silky pleurandra.
Has. Scrub near Liardet’s Beach, Melbourne.
Fl.
(Name of genus from pleuron, a side, and aner, a male—the stamens being al:
inserted on one side of the flower.)
Hibbertia pultenziformis—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Delatite.
Fl.
Hibbertia fasciculata—R. Brown.
Has. Sandy scrub land towards Brighton.
Fl. October.
Hibbertia prostrata— Hooker.
Has. In sandy soil near Liardet’s Beach.
Fl. December.
(Genus named in honour of George Hibbert, F.R.S., F.L.S., a great lover of
botany.)
CRUCIFERZ, JUSSIEU.
Nasturtium terrestre—R. Brown. .
Has. Banks of the Yarra Yarra.
Fl, January.
(Genus named from nasus, a nose, and forsus, distorted, )
Cardamine remotiflora—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. On the Yarra.
Fl.
(Genus named from cardia, the heart, and damao, to strengthen.)
Capsella Australasica—Ferd. Mueller.
Haz. Sandy cliffs by the sea near Brighton.
Fl.
Figured in “‘Icones Plantarum,” vol. iii. tab, 276, and there named Stenopeta-
lum incisifolium.
, a oie eres
Stila ah
ye ery ~
Te LP ache |
qin” ths &
a
° , P
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ad *
“¢
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avs ?.
et 3 ’ .
P -
4 bs
4 ~
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pire eee Pie ee gale rm ie 7 a és
: fa. diem yy S rat! be he 2
: bs - ~i .
é w
i paw ae ‘
ast ee, eee Br. s mere F 2
Hk “a 25 oy bare = . A bee : 4 * r
ae a “Psa Kooks hat « RRR ie Foe) te ~*
; : :
, , ae “ig cal aeaet Pe Viel got tis. a. , ; .
. ian? . Le ee, ers ee ty
pai Sipe ena ert Cee a carpe g Set RNR iN
eine i Mate b a. he o> a ae © che ae ;
pete -
Kee
Ras > es ipl isi i $e \ ae
hie} th, hig . ae, £9 del
ye Se a nor te mi :
7 * geet nina Z
*, . f eh d
re Pad fred bin png Te =. Lge ™ ’
‘ Maser Re “ry ae Sans e r o
“4 1, + Ae ge gy "
>
, sea iM a
ba Ad ‘gal 3 : ae > Pde Xe >
ie 2 ia em sales Poteet oye reer’ > ett
abe wn 4 Ye aprgay ae Pe ee e yaesie e .
5 4 d. Po | J at? ee typ Ss a}
onlay 1 dies nm ey a Se tha aia | ae i
1 ye lagerars ee Vn oe tan Foateae = be >? 73 Pn i Z
a dt oa on Ne "2? eres Ba a> Foe. Pe ~ é. .
. hae Mer PPPS per . Brad AM eae He wy -~ a
: ir rt ee } A er a iq in bik pa” Spake tue “a A 4
* a os 5 eas AS, RE ae i Ts . ,
oe (Au ee. ie’, ;
eae TE aug. maniiglbe Sade SEW Wee ct
Radda Ab testes aw ara yyy ‘
a, Se RA aan Te ee 3
v iy. neeeapen wn a Tdete os, slag we Oh ;
er eee EET mrad Y a.
SAA Le ee! i
sme Pen y ti 5 RL ty ot oe
1 pate - ‘«
aie fs >
04 tits ,
Ph ft gett * ms ' *
Ah 7 aie Chote teh. ,
i a . pe ee “7 an ¥
oe wae ey Se id °
> s hl Brg ayy he - oa ye * FY mie
OR rr atl: : a a .
= Coe > ,
os -
i , .
of eg pcan ed ‘. .
oa pre WwW 2 en ate oe -
el ‘ Pt peter ' . 4c.
: i
. ~~
, .
ve
* --
| al an p ae <Js,* = as v Fa Ye Fwy ape Yn 0
aD ins ” Regn Mixy tayo Po nee
oS tm Pate tat ch 1000 9 Rak 5
“4
tee
j
‘Se
we
° * Taeaw ide: oy wok ie cae
5 ey ry SF oe
He —
- » er
B,
ew ;
eeet ny. ete
. oaths Feng rts
; %
‘ ‘ a
a i . ;
” caenaaion
it SORE eee
<
‘ . ~— fy wh "ys y PC Petad Sy Mee ns
i wb ey Mey > : > tot Lge | 5 Bait Tea sd
: as mee 5 a
a
+
ae Ww,
ee peopel tae cs tia :
ie cont teach pen: helen):
“<< A
bm ~~ Pa fae eg chon
¥e t.
; |. aaah sours beet tention mm
er ‘ud : } % P A w
“ dre Ia HM yo Fes thes Se war SS
: ee on a tl i Poh aN ap ple sp re
> ‘ +. A » 4 + ‘, . a: Me
{ ; hex Diy ‘Sheti, + y , neg i k #4
ef r <.” Ma i
nar Pal Se . 7 . eee 5S jak
. “ q ; 0)
¢ . vob P Lets i lea Aes ee aap” hunt ws hie
+ pees ; BRIA ata fe aR hs
A al < ey * lane ’ 2? teh co . oJ
8 a ae eS eg ht dtaes . wre x bab he Pete ot. “ogy >
. ‘ i* yl 6 A «dea ee ne oe ae ee Se php . dey
ge wal nate Sr
a -_, oy We
; LP Wilh oes seam *- Ay: Steps 4 j '
hit hse = ees a aewiew A Sa OTM en Ban a eer eM es oon ee
4. qua oe oo Arp > inom 4 ous a
> Preaek es > A 5 ae
Corer ie wee ay, ey 7
WS were ee RL
—., ees
, Piero Sas ~
,
pet
ae a
ee
Pee) +4 aye
‘
PP Padbieiie Ye sane RY ‘i stetng
ey ,™ % > ow Mem a -
ive vere Mik 3
iP raly ‘ina hae ae va 5 ‘a
‘ *
om iter: +. dh ts ot
ware ir ee
+ 2 ane Mite Pam gh: seine Bla 9 depen By rig ae, pe ony 9 ;
5 , Pa fale ange MO it a ; aero Fee RSS a.
tad - hy Foy we re — ee ele B45 nk oe 2 seg temp
6, Ae
on. os ¥ hg Sew iz ah Sant Jie etna ae aah ee
37
*Capsella bursa-pastoris—Moench.
Has. Waste ground, common.
FL the whole year.
This plant is the ‘‘common shepherd’s purse,” or ‘‘ fairy pouches,” so common
by road sides in England; deriving its name from the triangular obcordate
pouch: very variable both in size and foliage, probably introduced. It
was formerly called ‘‘shepherd’s scrip,”’ ‘‘ case weed,” ‘‘ St James’ wort,”
and “poor man's parmacetic,” it probably being of some medicinal value;
and, in France, ‘‘ Fleur de St. Jacques.”
*Sisymbrium officinale—Scopoli.
Has. Waste places, common.
FL
The *‘ hedge mustard,"’ so abundant in waste places at home—introduced.
The origin of its name is doubtful. Some believe it to have been taken from
the name of some Greek aquatic plant, which had an agreeable smell; and
Ovid recommends as a propitiatory offering to Venus, garlands of myrrh,
roses, and Sisymbrium.
*Senebiera didyma—Persoon.
Has. In waste places.
FL
A little plant very common in Ireland, with white flowers, with two and often
four stamens.
Genus named after an eminent botanist, M. Senebier.
*Lepidium ruderale—Linné.
Has. About Melbourne, frequent.
Fl.
The ‘‘narrow-leaved pepper-wort of England.”
HYPERICINEA, CANDOLLE
Hypericum involutum—Candolle.
Has. Dry places, Melbourne, Warrnambool.
Fl. November to April.
** Saint John’s wort.”
— 38
DROSERACEZ, CANDOLLE,.
.
Drosera Whittakerii—Planchon.
bag: ee Swampy places, common.
Fl, September, October.
Leaves radical, rosulate, imparting a reddish dye to paper when pressed.
Drosera peltata—Smith.
Has. Boggy places.
Fl. September, October.
This plant is figured in Hooker’s ‘‘Icones Plantarum,”’ vol. i. tab. 54, as D.
dunata, from specimens sent from Van Diemen’s Land by Mr. Gunn.
Leaves alternate, those of the stem peltate; radical ones, reniform, eordate.
Flowers pink, in terminal racemes,
Drosera Planchonii—J. Hooker.
Has. Hills around Melbourne, in shady situations, common.
FL. September, October. :
Figured in Hooker’s ‘‘Icones Plantarum” as D. Menziesii, from specimens
found at Swan Port, on the east coast of Van Diemen's Land. It is very
easily distinguished from the other species by its long, slender, prostrate
peduncles, and three leaves, springing on slight petioles from one point of
the stem.
(Genus named from droseros, dewy, the glandular hairs with which all the
species are covered appearing as if tipped with dewdrops. The leaves of
many, perhaps all the species, are supposed to contract when touched,
and to retain insects which alight on them, hence the English name,
‘¢Venus’s fly-trap.’’)
Drosera binata—Labillardiére.
Has. Goulburn Ranges.
Fi.
VIOLARINE, CANDOLLE.
Hymenanthera Banksii—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Muddy banks of Yarra Yarra.
Fl. November. |
(Name from hymen, a membrane, and anthera, an anther; the anthers being
terminated by a membrane.)
"a> a;
NA Ae.
Roni oe) Fnted Mic] Pe” de
nee Aa satay atl,
— aN te « ‘se * qiaes 4-' epee x
te,
or
ad koe f arr SM riya opr
wv
ee,
ewer cr artes. were ig 8
ae
,
“ oF -
God sian Reat 4 ie “ar ie - ‘
- .
Prt Pe
as s ‘ bry a7
<2 ~ % ++
RA Ppuige Mays ws gals en oak eee
ops ann aga aed Shee ae :
~ ee . yen fh fee
me ay ihoty,
Fite . ¥
« eae,
warns
wet eee a %
COMO BUMEAS see we |
——Te ; ;
‘
é a
‘ a
: wt -s
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. hawk
. "
‘ v ad *
s 2
r 0 a
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wer gatt » *
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% oo ar witha ee, yu a ~
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we cy va ot x MN ote Ning? a —_ Re Png! + Pas Fy
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“ valle ® Sal ee x vee % ¢. ‘ ) ‘ 3
Re A iat one’ we - of J hs —
Mi eels a, wpe ae = team foes ar, > :
es i ; eas viri ay Peg BAL he wl ae ace hina Pay a ee ad
* Paton tee i pe nS me, oD a Oey ‘ - a .
Ra petting te aro 4 de aon . ll ?
7 A Pah @. — “+ 4 * ae : j oo
Mele gn angie age. «steal es fo, Bptvne. 6 _, by tga
a p! “‘-* } ee . % ¥ ue « —_° #
. wy. 2 i - *
ety) wee Pr ecvirri yes <p tider Wy sas wert : alia
« bl ‘ . . .
Sp PIR ee ere ee os oe Att fy f= 4) ai es x ‘
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wre bea Fae 5 ae Tighe aginst 3
barge exci mie :
nig ash Rapa eh al ire aera 2s vik
ee: ae eta Feb ee & EB ina ahha yp ae
“i ae fen aa ee re a aera ee
y : Sear
‘ : : AWA) Mee LAr: we Se a ne Ta rere: Pes fe & AN eho
‘ ere “See oe seoetth Wangs ey Boge KR ye sate
ee F Sa rare
ek She Pe peieieie: £45 wetted fl oa Firing = « f a a
re, ce : vais Be lee: Sey Paeiseg reciente Sp aye + x
Swit AU RES ie & TL oa Belt = aon we Weve Wh ahs se + Wey
‘ Pathe x me aed ig > prt hal ag be Keane. Pp ge ae
halle RO epee ee ath Seine 96%. dae: asada hour B haka
Sy a ie nae eek ne Ei ae <4 Ee f at Sd) ah
NNR en x aN
~~ oy lathe + fee yd
: Fa Ne SRS et
Fe Fg ON fier Phe PRN ca sage cs 3 os ..
wy tes > Se AEE POA Ea ig <2 hie ome Ps a pity: Sea} ar 4.
- ta aie oars Cae hgh ae we, Sang Va eeR Se
bee ~ eae Rnd anal?” * Sree Sle ed Faia 5 ‘* ae pee s
BB eet g oper <b A bk el ae oe
7 pert
ae : Wi Sing © eae “Abas
w hehe ns. S geacaikaeiedien Mae at
“ \ ee meat vias a nae ee tw, aa bow ee ees Pa
: ee * oi wey ee 2, poe ie =i Ee ath) he ete Ya os, ing r
ag: Bolte Ney yilan 80S Fy og 18 Pinante. ala
a “i BA a Meal re heme “
*% yar
4 et ee i ln he ae
SE one te FO ee te he i es ag
oaniev, +
: LS Ss COLOR ele 5 AG, Mi
» ‘ ~ eee bre A * Fa ahr, etn ghey»
y , ret ‘
k<vs % ae Ont MERE ote - A WEAR ty wea. ee maltese rt
.
<a aa 1? tay ee cin Sra entail - aos Pie shall Mier feats sto
coopera SOP eras 4 FO be ARR Rg Mayas MESS a ON
> Ans ant eee erat fat ey, lb van AS Sooty Pas ca i at .
ety ®- fas eae eo Pitesti. m5 EH ue alm e oy
i e rei re a ad Pe “en te > Soon nth int) oe be ae aps “apie oh ea *
Pc gt gerry hs tod Stew er etpiry EPL Cy: ena eee? 2 2 ON ore
“bh aapt met" ko poem a Ning Wis tH a ad ee, A Ste An Gale A 4
. ae eee ates ioe FeO re WEY pt bs, ate ray op hi x
& al 4 re fr, nen Oty aah Lt Ae re Rayer aa Oo oe i oh
wate he ns sen > ceee™ Ae aids snap ‘a hae
V Me: Stay 4 egy Wiajeer’ + “Ay Nebad ee orm whe om Apa e, bra fig WN
- r*
5 a es a obelie Y Shee qa to 7 <apisSthar: oe. Lp Pecting | de Finhank SWa
forme irae RONG rh chia im Se ga a Sa a} sim «
eine Hi Se * ee a Rats Aang, eee
x ~ > eg Tieton de A vigr amg cing nate ee Yi pet hl
; ‘ pe egies Me Noni gare 2a Sia | ET. Temas itl apie ope ie ow ite 9 x wan
lA . mT 3 Ageh 5 fh. ge i Pie a ha
J . * - * i ci, ‘ es. whe ant) <=
« | am oa ry
own on ‘- :
> ™ ae ~~ ~ —_ =
. *
39
Erpetion hederaceum—Candolle. Ivy-like erpetion.
Has. Banks of Yarra Yarra, Warrnambool.
FL December.
The difference between this genus and Viola consists merely in the absence of
the spur. Name from erpetos, creeping, and ion, violet. Flowers white,
streaked with lilac.
>
Viola betonicifolia—Smith. Betony-leaved violet.
Has. Hilly pastures about Hawthorne and Warrnambool.
Fl. December.
Flowers, purple.
POLYGALEZ, JUSSIEU.
Comesperma calymegum—Labillardiére.
Has. In the scrub towards Brighton,
Fl. January.
Large-calyxed comesperma. Flowers purple.
Comesperma linariefolium—All, Cunningham.
Has. Scrub near Brighton.
Fl. November.
Comesperma retusum—tLabillardiére.
Has. Mount Aberdeen.
Fi.
Name from kome, the hair of the head, and sperma, a seed; the seeds being all
furnished at their base with a tuft of hairs.
Polygala veronicea—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. King River.
Fl.
40
PITTOSPOREZ, R. BROWN.
Bursaria spinosa—Cavanilles.
Has. Around Melbourne, Warrnambool, very common.
Fi. December to February.
May easily be recognised from its similarity to the privet (Ligustrum vulgare)
so common in the south of England; sometimes forming a tree of ten to
fifteen feet in height, with rough bark—but generally only a bushy scrub.
Various species of Hemiptera feed on this plant. The little blue-headed
tit builds in it. The seeds resemble a small pouch, hence its generic
name. In autumn their rich brown contrasts very beautifully with the
bright green foliage.
Rhytidosporum Stuartianum—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Gipps Land.
Fi.
Billardiera scandens?
Has. Twining around shrubs on the Yarra banks, opposite the Lunatic
Asylum.
Fl. September.
Well figured in Sweet’s ‘‘ Flora Australasica,”’ pl. 54.
DIOSME®, JUSSIEU.
Zieria lanceolata—R. Brown.
Has. Sealers’ Cove.
Fi,
Boronia dentigera—Ferd. Mueller.
Haz. Latrobe River
Fl.
Boronia tetrathecoides—Candolle.
Has. Wilson’s Promontory, Buffalo Ranges.
Fi.
Correa Latrobeana—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Delatite.
Fi.
Calyx of a rusty brown colour. Flowers pale yellow.
r ree fee
2 >
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@%. yess ” ate o awe Las ~ ie ° ee
pile i I! ne 14944 at raat’
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'
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.e 7 a e / »* 4" « a ¢
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: \ ; = f - es
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‘og eerie ow * a oe ° a pw ok * a,” oes pac oe ?
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= ~y — Ft he ¢ ae i —— ~ "> le
. £4 * . = - a
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eae a da os 4 pests eee aa hes out”
an tate eos een it aor ee Me tote:
dtellt san Pest et + & deepens 4 ¥ ~~
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ified tes RasBee free:
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. H :
eaten any aon ae aha nat ee nga ORR, Grad Aa ae
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; y yy: . : ppt A~ :
’ 7 NAG SS den g-% See
- . :
ai” oeea4r =i Pe Wittig a © y eden yaad ty hag
iy Ad * fo Best ue be Wi Es ‘ ut may ee ie . | iss aries
a+ wn PCat a en iy rey aah tf
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-
41
Correa virens—Smith.
Has. Pastures at Prahran, St. Kilda, Banks of the Hopkins at Warrnam-
bool, etc.
Fl. January to May.
This pretty plant will easily be distinguished by its long, pendulous, greenish
corolla, an inch or more in length, and the four acute teeth of the calyx.
Correa alba—Andrews. |
Has. Wilson's Promontory.
Fl.
Leaves obtusely ovate; under surface, as well as the calyx and corolla, nearly
white.
Correa cardinalis—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Port Albert, Portland.
Fl.
Foliage less beautiful than the preceding, but amply compensated for by the
scarlet, yellow-tipped flowers. Calyx rusty brown.
(Genus named after Joseph Correa de Serva, a Portuguese botanist.)
TREMANDREA, R. BROWN.
Tetratheca pilosa—Labillardiére.
fas. M‘Crae’s Island.
Fl.
Flowers light pink colour.
Tetratheca ciliata—Lindley.
Hap.
FL
Flowers deep rose colour.
This plant is figured, from specimens found at Westhead, near the mouth of
the Tamar, by Ronald Gunn, Esq., in ‘‘Icones Plantarum,” vol. iii tab.
268, and thus bricfly described:—" Ramis clongatis subhirtis, foliis alter-
nis oppositis ternisve rhombeovatis subciliatis subtus pallidioribus, racemis
terminalibus foliosis, pedicellis nutantibus calycibus ovariisque glanduloso
—setosis, petalis obovatis basi attenuatis, antheris fusiformibus."
42
BUETTNERIACEZX, R. BROWN.
Thomasia petalocalyx—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Wilson’s Promontory.
Fl.
MALVACEAE, R. BROWN.
Sida pulchella—Bonpland.
Has. Banks of Yarra Yarra, Merri River near Warrnambool, etc.
Fl. November, December.
A very elegant shrub, with cordate-lanceolate, crenated leaves, of a delicate
transparent green, and white flowers. .
*Malva vulgaris—Fries.
Has. Waste places, Melbourne, Warrnambool.
FL Spring.
Introduced. Decoctions of the leaves of this plant are useful in dysentery; .
and the whole plant, in common with other species, yields a tasteless,
colourless mucilage——hence its generic name, from the Greek word,
matlache, soft.
GERANIACEZ, CANDOLLE.
Geranium potentilloides—L’Heritier.
Has. Delatite, etc.
FL
Geranium parviflorum—W illdenow.
Has. Scrub near Liardet’s Beach.
Fl. December.
Geranium erodioides—Uooker.
Has. Sandy soil in scrub near Liardet’s Beach.
Fl. January.
ates Ss tegevinwne ‘
re 2 ioeet
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43
*Erodium moschatum—L Heritier.
Has. Common near the sea coast.
Fl. October to February.
The “musky stork’s bill,” which is a rare plant in England, has found its way
here, and covers the cliffs near the sca between St. Kilda and Brighton;
and the Flagstaff Till at Warrnambool. <A large form is also common
in waste soils. The whole plant is hairy and clammy, exhaling a musky
smell, Flowers rose-colourcd, in stalked umbels.
Pelargonium Rodneyanum—Mitchcell.
Has. Rocky places.
FL Sumner.
Leaves radical, serrated. Flowers rose-coloured, in umbels.
Pelargonium Anstrale—Willdenow.
Has. In grassy situations, common.
Fl, December.
This elegant little species hlooms almost the whole year, shedding its grateful
perfaine far around, disproving the frequent assertion of English writers,
that the flowers of Australia have no smell. Flowers pink, two superior
petals, spotted. ‘
(Gencric name from pelargos, a stork; the head and beak of which bird the
carpels somewhat reseible.)
LINE, CANDOLLE.
Linum marginale—All. Cunningham.
Has, Banks of Yarra Yarra and Hopkins rivers.
Fl. December.
OXALIDEZ, CANDOLLE.
Oxalis microphylla—Poirct.
Han. Grassy places, common. ;
Fl. December.
A small trefoil, with yellow flow’rs.
-
ae ae
STACKHOUSIACEA, R. BROWN.
_ Stackhousia. monogyna—Labillarditre.
Has. Grassy situations on the Yarra, banks - Hopkins.
FL October, Novembcr.
Flowers in dense heads, light yellow.
CARYOPHYLLEZ, JUSSIEU
*Silene gallica—Linné.
Harn. Waste places.
Fl. Spring.
Stellaria multiflora—Hooker.
Has. Rocky places near St. Kilda.
Fl, September, October.
Stellaria pungens—Duperrey.
TAB,
Fl.
*Stellaria media—Villars. Common chickweed or Stitchwort.
Has. Waste places, everywhere.
Fl. September to March.
*Cerastium glomeratum—Thuillier.
Has. Dry banks.
Fl. Summer.
*Sagina apetala-—Linné.
HAs. Sandy soil, walls, etc.
Fl.
‘Small annual pearl wort;” petals often wanting.
Polycarpon alsinifolinm—Candolle.
Haz. Waste soil near Cremorne Gardens, argillaceous plains near Brighton.
Fl. January.
““Chickwced lcaved all-secd.” Generic name from poly, many, and karpos,
a seed.
*Spergula arvensis—Linné.
Was. Sandy soil near Dight’s Mill, on the Yarra.
Fl, August.
“Corn spurrey.” Generic name from spargo, to scatter; the saat being
spread in all directions on the bursting of the capsule.
wes wm }
Safes
*. sets oe or add ie face
4 Pa ah; "St — LA *, D4 ¢ =
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* et rant e eink ads an a Pierce °F ‘ i
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ry + 14 ries A <_<. ™ “~ art we vy vaca As «
% bly: ; Sete * tg sinten or mete he ag 4 ’
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i aniet a Pe hal, ? ; ae ae . hs
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45 er teesey Bb eeery bah al, i Ny: : vine ki
< yh ts Ye BOE Bie Ma ase ep
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CALYCIFLORZ, CANDOLLE.
[Flowers having both calyx and corolla; the latter usually con-
sisting of distinct petals. Stamens always perigynous, 7.e. inserted
on calyx. |
CRASSULACEZ, CANDOLLE.
Tillwa verticillaris—Candolle.
Has. Dry places, common.
Fl. January. 2
Figured in ‘Icones Plantarum," vol iii, tab. 295.
Tillza purpurata—J. Hooker.
Has. Sandy soil, Brighton.
Fl. January.
Tillea macrantha—J. Hooker.
Has. Moist places.
Fl December, January.
A small inconspicuous plant, growing in tufts; stems much branched, twice
or thrice; leaves opposite, oblong, acute, fleshy. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary on the ultimate branches or peduncles. Calyx of four, nearly erect,
acute, ciliated sepals, streaked within and without with numerous black
lines. Petals four.
Figured in “Icones Plantarum,” vol. iv. tab. 310.
Tillewa Stuartii—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Moist situations.
FI.
46
PORTULACE, JUSSIEU.
Claytonia Australasica—J. Hooker.
Has. Swampy situations.
Fl. November, December.
This delicate, graceful little plant, figured in ‘‘Icones Plantarum,” vol. iii.
tab. 293, ornaments the moist ground around Melbourne, nearly the whole
season, with its white flowers, which are larger than in other species. It
varies much in size, from two to six inches in height; growing generally,
as far as our own observation goes, in rather a straggling manner, with
creeping stems, but said by Hooker to grow in ‘rather dense tnfts.”’
Leaves alternate, from two to four inches long.
Calandrinia calyptrata—J. Hooker.
Has. Granite rocks near Fiery Creek.
Fl,
We received a short time since a specimen from our friend, C. D. Aplin, Esq.,
who gathered it in the above locality, and at once recognised it as the
Calandrinia calyptrata. (‘‘Icones Plantarum,” vol. iii. tab. 299); but
have never observed it growing.
Annual. Stem much branched, with widely-spreading branches; leaves
linear, spathulate, the upper ones gradually becoming bracteiform; pedun-
cles axillary, deflexed after flowering; petals united in an extinguisher-
shaped corolla. Seeds very numerous.
Tetragonella implexicoma—Miguel.
Haz. Seashore near Brighton.
Fl. November.
MESEMBRYANTHEMEA, FENZL.
Mesembryanthemum equilaterale—Haworth.
HAB. Salt marshes, common.
Fi. Spring. |
This plant is called by the colonists, ‘‘pigs’ faces,” “fig marigold;’’ and
‘“‘canagong’’ by the natives, by whom the fleshy leaves and fruit are
eaten.
Dr. Mueller mentions other two species, M. Australe and M. sermentosum.
, = eras eas roe gt
Le tert ae a
Rie oe a ies a .
vestry ete at) Bl sek =
Dereies ery ere oe
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“ bd Pa = Havin. « - .
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| oe wade i, ear nally, Meer” | 3 en» ew
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pape Bt ee eR, 5 ae. ' > ; ra oe oa oy
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: t
erage fete cD. ae va « toe ee ne ae od aa
. ie nt, Ae eee ‘ a» ai Ne eed.
a Soe ~ ’
ik Palsaaeiy, . Si aye ieee pete Sih». Ale hit north Perens ie
e i } ‘ } ar . ° i bs
. pins terete ety
4 aah ~ °.
* es See tee « te ry
° hb - he nak AIT
x
‘ ‘ . > nies Ne oy .
‘ , ra ie bog tie
7 0 4 , te f
ar Aa ™ amy ape Med ine 359 ' ‘ :
-r 4
’ PCO Ce a TL. + jae SS etn EE Os he 2
. as Se ar ee: 7 de . >
P tue a a ee a or ce. on ee . Nh “
. . , we - : ,
. - ‘ eo" : . wh & ih le De Sealey “Te
r oe en ‘KL eran e Py lh ne ON ane a tad
» a: ate Ss i « he . ~ mre. e+ - “
< y * ae a :
' ae . . wu
~ 4 (ay 4 0 Wey » kom &
“ - a ae ” |
. $i +i . a a4 oh nde Ce s ge
a ~ 9 ‘ .
CUS AE ED tate 5E gett 4 Oe cameras EE a diet
ve ane eee , Pe ee ee) A. 4 y oe | “ery as
ae : ee pila Wy pw By, - “ek, oyown
‘ * : . i a
eteigta _— Re — a ¢ “omy weds
sf dee RAees; (be 4 Betas 4 ie Meadaploualeten wae
aa. = ad SRR RA NET.
, . Pps a FP a 5 ¥ et cee sr p Pinyng he atts
Sn ‘eed a es ie — * aA # A Frevates's “et had Fall: he sn he > me
e Vy in eS PEt Te
‘+ yy ‘- ty wel alin er rep st . - ¢ . .
FO ONE a et eB NO aT Fa ile VR
ai - phe pat ‘ » 4 _« ? (pasate a
ee tor r . al rs : ;
a = woe rt a? q hens » ay oe ae te Thee
a ee ate ee oh are aa eee :
p , y * i
at phage. Dhan Re RZ ta hneradead ciyioe oi Ppt brs ;
es
* at % a , [ Vs ~ et, )
vant Pe t ¥ Hm VE ae aac. es hisd2
, - ‘ . “y
c 1 .. ‘ . 4 o* a , ‘
i
* . » + 4 *
. ? elo I ae se ee | eas Ol
. f ’ ‘
-_
- « . + g .
-
* * ,
47
HALORAGE, R. BROWN.
Myriophyllum variifolium—J. Hooker.
Hag. Lagoons about Melbourne, common.
FL December, January.
Figured in ‘“‘Icones Plantarum,”’ vol. iii. tab. 289.
Myriophyllum heteromorphum—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Lagoons, frequent.
Fl. December,
Meionectes Brownii—J. Hooker.
HAB, Wilson’s Promontory.
Fi.
Figured in ‘‘Icones Plantarum,” vol. iv. tab. 306.
ONAGRE, JUSSIEU.
Epilobium vanescens ?
HAB. Grassy places, frequent.
Fi, Summer.
LYTHRARIEA, JUSSIEU.,
Lythrum salicaria—Linné.
HAs. Banks of Yarra Yarra, lagoons, common; Merri River, Warrnambool.
Fl, December, January.
All “‘ brothers of the angle”’ will recognise the tall spike of pink flowers of the
‘t purple loosestrife,”” which ornaments our river banks in England.
CUNONIACEE, R. BROWN.
Bauera Billardierii—Don.
HAs. Buffalo Creek,
Fl. February
48
EUPHORBIACEZ, JUSSIEU.
Ricinocarpus sideformis—Ferd. Mueller.
HAs. Scrub near Sandridge, St. Kilda, and Brighton.
Fi.
Trachycaryon Klotzschii—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Wilson's Promontory.
¥i, =
Amperea cuneifolia—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB.
FL
Phyllanthus Gunnii—J. Hooker.
HAB. Mount Hunter.
Fi. April.
Leaves obtusely ovate.
Phyllanthus hirtellus—Ferd. Mueller.
HAs. Mount Hunter.
FL
Leaves cuneate or wedge-shaped.
Micranthea hexandra—J. Hooker.
Has. Buffalo Ranges.
FL February.
Poranthera annua—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Melbourne, Warrnambool.
FL January.
A small, inconspicuous plant, with white flowers.
Halothamnus microphyllus—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Port Gawler.
Fi.
RHAMNACE, R. BROWN.
Pomaderris parvifolia —Hooker.
Has. Banks of Yarra Yarra.
Fl. August.
21 Oa aan 4, sia
By Pi 8) - e ad Mc ny
Oh 3) RN eT ray a) ”
ee Penni ca
r
4 me ’ ie
Sasha ee ae
, felee: oe ot em bi j pees Aa
Tay )
| ees pars ro a a ce atl Tatl
bi ial i ey the ’ a Ra.
=e a ' . i} ' DT 7
‘ 9% we és y * Ce ty i
si) att pul we
eh tee ms ud a
‘ id
i aa va undiel a i a pond Peele nak 7 ie
—— , ». yi
bia! . ; \ “Shs “ en) ‘. } |
a ues a ‘ee ea ; \ 7 it
anita fry’ ae ios A aocswnone (Cg
it
a A Ratan td aration | weal MHA | Se
Pa ok 7 cs iF fal
SOUR AL ayallon Madkaats viletesirs > ndragne A, i
he is AY, ( rm A
} Soin nti seat yt Ke AR SRR ll eciie ON
ae DP ne CABLE A AR Snares epee owl ells cue) am
Feat ih Terteltin veh ORR bank Shama at eke 24 wna ha er ay of
y ‘ He soa 39 e iy yer ihn gy SK acai Pa : . " i i : ; ; ie if
ee =! mh . dé A. ¥ ‘ eee
Racine ry wok stingy pre ih i ea Jove ea
; a AOI Pe De AQ : a.
he ‘ hi
vy? ir,
a i daonsiot jisboni Ve vndly fora #08 ue wn ator di. ape Kedah ‘ ; : om
Benge Fis, Ra Ey NP REE Se a s mee
Ama. * “a Wh Shee ' , 3
Sse tise a rly iigied ty i . sa Ny | ri
ca j aa * So v U ¥
“ ageeeaaimagal bt a Pale Cee Tee 4
.
A} -,
i
y ’ R al
‘ Ls 7) 2 ils ~
Al
Lone | wr - *
‘
the } '
F > >
. A
f De
a |
‘.'¥ ai ‘is * . J
we) ’ hd i y « ‘
px , i
Je yf e
"2 a , ) ty SS oe q ay,
4 “es a oe “ys ; ro i } 7° +. ;
a ss bs ‘ aT
fot ee Js Wen 5 ‘ vie way’ me On
7 —~ A ai = es < ‘a i mis \ Pal a, _——
bs B) u mee +0 8 ries © Ri tay ase < a
: ; ; Par
SO ee
"Pati ey reece ae
-| ka PAR Dithaee and oe
A, ew amt
Tadies eid ok WEE rr. yr or
| S
: | NGcradann Waxabvita-v. Socher
| Bie BGiew Ave te ble che
Ws. ener. vert + .
“Ab ve eer ie ales, i
pryeeniny 7 dea on
oe lorena ine vegan, “ale 5 ee Room: hot a
ae
mr &
a ee oe
: aft Wiest Nh pr marae ‘nega. aie ay ale oth ‘ual
AB a*, ts Pe ee tal : al lees init
Aer HAA, + ear
ie ah i d - as me ; .
x Pais dat Ge See ee eh ag’ wt
. ; —- |
- ah en es & VAM ‘Torna, ‘ aad = oy rh Ne 1h ,
Es a Ta Feed y : ’ . . ‘ . ' é 7 v
~ ia F
' 4 . i
- | at
pen a Wy
) we pe
49
Pomaderris ;
Has. Banks of Hopkins River, near Tooram.
Fl.
Discaria Australis—Hooker.
Has. Loddon.
Fi.
MYRTACE, R. BROWN.
Beckia utilis-—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Mount Aberdeen.
Fil.
“This plant,” says Dr. Mueller, ‘“‘might serve travellers in these desolate loca-
lities as tea; for the volatile oil of its leaves resembles greatly in taste and
odour that of lemons, not without a pleasant, peculiar aroma.’’—First
General Report. 1853.
Camphoromyrtus crenulata—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Mount Aberdeen.
Fi.
_The stem covered with very small roundish leaves in pairs.
Fabricia levigata—Gaertner.
Has. By the sea near Brighton.
Fl. August.
A small fasces-shaped cocoon is common on this plant. Singular enough, it
appears to be much fancied by that curse to all herbarium formers—the
cockroach,—and above all others,
Leptospermum grandiflorum— Loddiges.
HAs. Mount Aberdeen, banks of Yarra.
Fl. January.
Leptospermum flavescens—Smith.
HAB. Ovens.
Fl.
Leptospermum grandifolium—Smith.
Haz. Mount Aberdeen.
FL
50
Leptospermum lanigerum—Aiton.
HAs. Banks of Yarra.
Fl. January. j
Kunzea peduncularis—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Granitic summit of Mount Aberdeen.
Fl. March.
Eucalyptus rostrata—Schlechtendal.
Has. Common.
FL
‘“Red gum.”’
Eucalyptus globulus—Labillardiere.
HAs. Abundantly in some of the forest districts, principally of the south.
Fl.
The blue gum. ‘It is already well known for its colossal size; of the circum-
ference of the stem instances are on record by which this tree ranks only
second to the famous Boabol from the Senegal.”—Mueller’s Second Report,
1854. The wood is valuable for ship-building.
Eucalyptus sacchariflua—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Common everywhere.
Fi.
The ‘‘manna"’ tree, which produces a sweet substance (‘‘not a true sugar’”’)
called Mannite.
Kucalyptus odorata—Behr and Schlechtendal.
HAB.
FL
The ‘‘ peppermint ’’ gum.
Eucalyptus fabrorum—Schlechtendal.
Has. Common.
FL.
The “stringy bark.”
Eucalyptus resinifera—Smith.
HAB.
Fi.
For the other species, we refer our readers to Dr. Mueller’s Reports on th
Vegetation of the Colony, and Mr. Swainson’s ‘ Botanical Report,” 1853.
The leaves of some of the eucalypti present a dotted appearance, which is
caused by the presence of numerous cells or cavities, containing essential
oil, which with the gum which exudes from their stems, considering their
vast number, must render them very valuable.
ee ee? . in Peal he atasti 3e fe i ‘
. ¢ 7 P. 7
he) 4 - :.
% ; “g
Ay ve ' Ar a =. ita,rs eedet as i") } a = Pall vi
869 Ds a mda ete ape wa “t
—~ ie =
om, RY } oh or a ‘.
~ pet
Le
M2 2hGheD: eit 2) ; Or |
pert: Game, Pf) ho oe ae a jae.
eA ee, OS LT
Ee ha
endalael oP ee Muh
,J se
ep eee”
a yw ' ’ 7
de “GO te cote The trete Pb ree Hebe ats
Ni so oe # aS apes \ Or. he? Bl ve’ te wee. ie 4
ees & Sy Beer et. ee eas Se
PRA E oO heats’ ; Pe
i» ‘ ? = ea
‘a<¢< : ‘
Cty tant ve TAM IKK Vitara tbe Puabgapiacve srs +, ae
- é
—
—
:
tn» ,°? 7
- €
“ae
v4 ‘ - nal
a »
rh ; = :
~
ve : e
ta Ree: POS
bs 0) MOK ee oe Hieineestiutge on Bs
Bet. FEE Gayeonigs erste fA
} 7 ey
“A ;
a : aaa '
ta r cs 7, e, ;
er! y i 7 :
bal 2 : : 4
© cash he ee | |
* EN : A a f ‘Fer
> ri a ~ s . » are 2 7
a4 1S 1f hs ia Siem 4
*
\ Nae : \ "a ae ,
\ c fas of nee i de anal
J 1 iat ‘i "ie
: op oe 5
3 , ne
‘ co Nt ae | Sry tal ent ‘
' : 5 a¢ +
yo “ uid
atneolenee
“ ty
e i(k hei, th a) A rial tage er
w. , ‘ 4
. rr, a - i ” eho Soe
‘ Ff
} ML 7 or
) | y ‘ ¥ i : pecan ie he a [=
eerie, ob artery pieetae : bee
ies wee ag TF : eth eee et OS wi ie 7
} : : ri. e
ae go Paria ‘ es ge eS “i “Ts, &? 24
ie ="
x
’ ~
é .
ih
; A ' : a a,
A ' wre dated 1th ict. >
~~
7 \
|
if
{ ?
P “ ' +
ts o - ‘
7 r tg s%
. ee
. g * % a4 Ay
a ( " ;
a eT rs 8
>
51
Melaleuca squarrosa—Smith.
HAB.
Fi.
Easily distinguished by the small, ovate, acute leaves, which lie like scales on
the stem,
Melaleuca Gunniana—Schauer.
HAB. Very common around Melbourne.
F\.
Melaleuca paludosa—R. Brown.
« HAs. Loddon.
Fl
The long lanceolate leaves must decide this species at once.
ROSACEZX, JUSSIEU.
*Rosa rubiginosa—Linné.
HAB. Near houses, occasionally.
FL
‘“Eglantine or sweet briar.”
Rubus macropodus—Seringe.
HAs. Common everywhere.
Fl, December.
The ‘‘ wild raspberry ” of the colonies. The fruit, though smaller, is scarcely
inferior in flavour to the cultivated raspberry. It isripe about January.
and affords a most grateful treat to the botanist when parched by the
intense heat of summer.
Potentilla anserinoides—Raoul.
HAs. Abundantly on the banks of the Merri, near Warrnambool.
Fl.
*Alchemilla arvensis—Scopoli.
HAB. Moist situations.
Fl. October, November.
‘Parsley piert.”
Acena sanguisorbe—Vahl.
HAB, Near the Yarra, Hopkins, common,
Fr
52
LEGUMINOS4&, JUSSIEU-.
Acacia armata—R. Brown.
“HAs.
FL
Acacia cuspidata—All. Cunningham.
HARB. —
Fi. :
Acacia verticillata—Willdenow.
HAB.
Fl.
Acacia Oxycedrus—Sieber-
HAB.
Fl.
Acacia Latrobei—Meisner..
HAB.
Fl.
Acacia suaveolens—W ilidenow..
Has. Corner Iniet.
Fil. April.
Acacia retinoides—Schlechtendal.
HAB. Rivulets towards Bacchus Marsh.
Fi. April.
Acacia pycnantha—Bentham.
HAB.
Fi.
Acacia aspera—Lindley.
HAs. Forest Creek.
Fi.
Acacia stricta—Willdenow.
HAB.
Fi.
Acacia vestita?
HAB,
Fi, July.
‘ar,
La d
—e
os
-
, fe Ot ‘ i
Ste, <
sBe © )
; =
7
yell terttires Fine: b
ae
4
"a4 ¥ ro a
eat
>
.>
’ a
ry
e*¢
wits | Fg
5
bhAS
g
4 |
’ ont?
real +
,
.
A ~~
'- ; i
i ee a
4
, «
ab hee ‘
— :
sic
aly war a: re vn we : ‘e a
= Mel Ya ~ Als ‘ws
ui) Nyt Sees Cay eee ree,
thea Agni stairs es ena.
pyres Bee uae mo :
ae -. Aen
a) y
hile siinaciaes ont Al “ ay :
ae Bewitts ar arene Tn ves Meat,’
“oh Palas 3) ‘ em 7 ‘i bis
a Ss "
alata se epee SecA,
Fuse c Lie at: is Lggeeea yah c
1 is oe we wat, x an,
ai -
vr. / it | | i |
Anais dhl Rani Oa
a ; . FE 425; 5 - ;
. ey P i | ase’
Po) Ae RR | Re
x ” yal TT asta le val iy
| cae | a
Bi, \eary ; mS,
33
Acacia mollissima-- Willdenow.
Has. Everywhere, common.
Ff.
j os Mitchellii—Bentham.
HAB. Ovens.
Fi.
_ Has. King’s River.
FL
‘iD cacia cephalobotrya—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. On the Wimmera.
It would be impossible to enumerate all the species, sixty in number, men-~-
~ tioned by Dr. Mueller in his reports; but we recommend our readers te
visit the Botanical Gardens, where nearly the whole of them may be seen ;
and, we feel sure, our valued friend, Mr. Dallachy, the able superinten-
dent, will afford to all true lovers of botany any information they may
. require.
Be cephotobium eels Bentham:
a Has. Forest Creek.
Viminaria denudata——Smith.
Has. Near the Eumerella River
FL January.
_ Daviesia corymbosa.
HAs. Hawthorne.
Fl. July.
y ‘Daviesia umbellulata—Smith. Lanceolate-leaved Daviesia.
3 j h
~ Daviesia latifolia—R. Brown. Broad-leaved Daviesia.
HAB.
¥1, September.
t
ie
eis,
i
VW
ch
ee yrs!
u ay
ey? .
54
Dilwynnia cinerescens—R. Brown.
Hap. Hawthorne.
Fl. July
Long ensiform leaves, and yellow flowers.
Dilwynnia hispida—Lindley.
HAs,
FI,
Sclerothamnus diffusus—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB.
FI.
Aotus villosa—Smith.
HAB. Scrub near East Brighton, St. Kilda.
Fl. October.
Spadostylis ternata—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Buffalo Ranges.
Fil
Three cuneate leaves, abruptly acuminate, embrace the stem.
Spadostylis pimeloides—Ferd. Mueller.
HAs. Mount Pleasant.
Fil.
Bossiza prostrata—R. Brown.
HAgB. In moist grassy places around Melbourne.
Fi. October.
Bossiza cinerea—R. Brown.
HAB. Liardet’s Beach.
Fi, August.
Hovea linearis—R. Brown.
HAB.
Fi,
Hovea gelida—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Mount Buller.
Fl.
Platylobium cordifolium—Ferd. Mueller.
HAs. Trunks of the eucalyptus.
Fl.
.
es Pee
Ley ey {boy pot Yours
oe: yeh
+ ' ¥
i nt) 6 :
\ : : te gp leben Bd ‘Sno ‘. aw.) & My
— ae ‘
ag) Pest
Bari eh 4%, oh 5? 7
ax Sf ; ' ]
* \
fennt Lie! | et Ge ,
A nc 4 = “ue
i
“ *
v . ,4
wertibe iia Ton, Yoolhe
[A “Ss Pai Ay ‘ .
ees 89" eT A as
by Meret WY Ti cue! ety
x ¥
Hf ise
thus eee ty Sek ee ee
hehe rhe es Here 5 at ha Mee
Wao 8 Neate ayer |
é . MO ay Gr;
? ad
me ee
eel rie Hoes,
<
=> # ow:
Fovecnae
prenns ne ry
i=
|
é
: :
af
Surg
= j
d ,
,
Atle
.
¥
4
ee
ha aia
®
‘“
el
v7
hs Ay .O
vt
AUN
doers, SB
Sand hay?
ay eta SS. Seta
i: agit: R=
- elit
oa ma
a rg f ¥
- ~ b
hy .,
rs e ¥ ry
9)| Oe" hearer
“ “se % af “a, w
>"
hs
_
f
af ih
ey ae
~
[As \
; 2
bie:
. +
. a Nee Tit ee
} Ch pte ern ee A
Bear? Geass UC
wet Sie os
r
© 0% ek ’ A th by
y ae fk wi. &
. as .
7) Caer eeeenny
AS: Lharet
* - * wv <_
re ; 4 ae Ps. ou.
*
: ‘ ; yy »
‘e , 2 & 4
aA " eR,
Ty = ‘
i ‘7 a e
had 3 |
Lie
a rareyT'
7
:
a | Maret,
* reap Sn sate Pits Seat
bis uy lie <acrite fink Beadet.
r¢
ett
: io Ls “>
ot oth aS
Me
tad i i 4) ia
> mais
eke
yi He ae ae ak
i
hed
rae Ae
rede e' weet hy,
55
Platylobium macrocalyx—Meisner.
Has. Trunks of the eucalyptus.
Fi.
*Melilotus officinalis—Desrousseaux.
HAB. In William\Street, Melbourne.
Fl January.
We have only noticed one specimen of this English trefoil, found in the above
habitat.
*Trifolium repens—Linné. Dutch Clover.
HAB. Occasionally in pastures
Fl January.
*Trifolium procumbens—Linné. Hop Trefoil.
BAB. Occasionally in pastures.
Fl. January.
*Trifolium filiforme—Linné. Slender Yellow Trefoil.
HAB. Occasionally in pastures,
Fi, January.
*Medicago sativa—Linné.
HAB Pastures, not common.
Fl. January.
*Lotus tenuifolius—Pollich.
Has. Pastures.
Fl. January.
*Lotus corniculatus—Linné. Common Birds-foot Trefoil.
HAs Pastures, common.
Fl. January.
Psoraleopsis simplicicaulis—Ferd. Mueller.
HAs. Broken River.
Fi.
Indigofera sylvatica—Sieber.
HAB. Yarra, Merri River.
Fl. August.
This is without exception one of the most beautiful shrubs in the colony; its
delicate rose-coloured spike of flowers hanging over the Yarra, as it glides
slowly along It is common above Hawthorne Bridge.
66
Swainsona ————?
HAB. Near Grasmere, on the Merri.
Fl. December.
*Vicia augustifolia—Roth. Narrow-leaved Crimson Vetch.
HAB. In pastures.
Fl. December.
*Ervum hirsutum—Linné. Hairy Tare.
HAB. Pastures.
Fl. January.
Desmodium Tasmanicum—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Forest Creek.
Fl.
Zichya Latrobeana—Meisner.
HAB. Near Saltwater River, Survey Paddock, Richmond, etc.
Fl. January.
Aichya augustifolia—Lindley.
HAB. Climbing gracefully around the common brake fern, Melbourne and
Warrnambool.
Fi. January.
Hardenbergia monophylla—Bentham.
HAB. Near Gardiner’s Creek on the Yarra.
Fl. January. ;
This plant will easily be recognised by its dense clusters of rich biue flowers,
and deep green leaves, encircling many of the larger shrubs.
Kennedya prostrata—R. Brown.
HAs. Common everywhere.
FL September.
A beautiful scarlet-flowered trefoil.
UMBELLIFERZ, JUSSIEU.
Hydrocotyle tripartita—R. Brown.
BAB. About Melbourne and Warrnambool.
Fi, September.
Beautifully figured in ‘‘ Icones Plantarum,” vol. iv. tab. 312.
Pike ini vache oT 4
ee), Or : bis tal:
: ion iy id, &”. Ww "i
er eta a
5
} : s
. ee |
ry J ae —
.
7 “ Ls
lll . a | «
ieee
be
é.
¢ 4 :
ee)
"7 ‘ (
n f ‘ .
| pn!
Petty sore Gee. Vere, Wectnecayse|,, sie,
‘
4
¥ "he by
+. ” ’
*
7
i =
r
sa ih ‘
1 Le rahe
*
‘ y >
; 3
+ ?
} :
*
es
+
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G
;
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f {
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;
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at
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es .
D heat Thess? ied:
J a
ry ‘
if
' val i
: . Pal
’ boa | '
:
f 7 ;
rt
: ,
ERA Qrartet>
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Pe ge CP Os
y
r ty
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4 ‘
- 4,
4 Po an
j .
i
,
f
‘
UJ
-
oh > . oo ni % ae x ne “a -
7 Oe * vie) ¥
ee Pack hin stents
ya he
A:
5 Mae
2.4 A ed
be if
ronk y n [
My
eed PARTI T he
‘ .
“ & ‘
4
7 ii
7
4 bb 4
+ 4
re “ek. ti Soe Soule
; ~e% % eee a
b . r Seiad
¥% el ay o" ae =
nsnaenatt SF aii 00 ei
pr creeet “ia sAS Sep
s J yah ae myite beat atl - by whet musth
bee salt ‘a
et ‘a huge:
o wvia f seen Soakdaiee
ole ys ane
Ni 4
; i ‘ j : % ye
Wall) BURMA as uh
as abet coe
eR ’ Sy en ‘ele
ae vite .aflobeantkh< ce
j ius : u cont
RM ie, Hila
timuniall sna
i, ye
> 4 \ Pi |
5T
Trachymene myrtifolia—Sieber.
HAB. Mount Aberdeen.
Fi.
Trachymene crassifolia—Bentham.
HAB. Gipps Land,
Fl.
Fleshy-leaved trachymene.
Trachymene diversifolia—Mueller.
HAs. Scrub near St. Kilda.
Fl. January.
Didiscus pilosus—Bentham.
HAB. Near Liardet’s Beach.
Fil. December.
‘*Tcones Plantarum,” vol. iv. tab. 307.
Eryngium ?
HAB. Richmond Paddock, near the Yarra, Warrnambool, St Kiba.
Fl. January.
Helosciadium prostratum—Bunge.
Petroselinum —De Candolle. Parsley.
HAB.. Common by the sea.
Fl.. December.
Daucus brachiatus—Sieber.
HAB. Survey Paddock, near Yarra, etc,
Fl, January.
RUBIACE, JUSSIEU.
Galium Australe—Candolle. Bedstraw.
HAs. Common.
FI). November, December.
Asperula oliganthema—Mueller.
HAB. Survey Paddock, Richmond.
Fl. January.
08
Caprosma microphylla—All. Cunningham.
Has. Muddy banks of Yarra.
Fl. October.
Opercularia caprosmoides—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Sealer’s Cove.
FL.
Pamax hirta—De Candolle.
Has. Mount Aberdeen.
F).
LORANTHACES, DON.
These are beautiful parasitic plants, resembling our English Viscum (misseltoe),
They are found, as their specific names denote, on the Lucalyptus (gum).
Casuarina (she oak), Exocarpus (cherry), Melaleuca (tea tree).
Loranthus eucalyptoides—Candolle.
Has. Common.
Fil. January.
Loranthus Exocarpi—Behr.
Has. Common.
Fl.. January.
Loranthus melaleuca—Lehmann.
Has. Common.
Fi,
COMPOSITA, VAILLANT.
Kurybiopsis Hookeri—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Melbourne.
Fl. December.
Kurybia linearifolia—De Candolle.
Has. Coast towards La Trobe River.
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59
Eurybia glandulosa—De Candolle.
Has. Dandenong, River Plenty.
Fl.
Kurybia ciliata—Bentham.
Has. Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
Fl. July.
Eurybia myrsinoides—Nees.
Has. Delatite.
Fi.
Eurybia Gunniana—De Candolle.
Has, Buffalo Ranges.
FL
These are the exquisite daisy-like plants, with blue and sometimes white
flowers, common almost everywhere.
Brachycome heterodonta—De Candolle.
Has. Delatite.
Fl.
Brachycome graminea—Ferd. Mueller.
Has, On the Yarra banks amidst Juncacee.
Fl. January.
Also, var. humilis, in same locality.
Brachycome angustifolia—De Candolle.
Has. Marshy places near Brighton.
Fl. August.
Brachycome linearifolia—De Candolle.
Has. Pastures near Richmond.
FL August.
* Brachycome multicaulis—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Mount Buller, 5000.
Fl.
Brachycome diversifolia—Fischer and Meyer.
Has. Grassy ridges on the Yarra.
Fl. November.
Siegesbeckia orientalis—Linné.
Has. Melbourne, Warrnambool
Fl. April, May.
69
Cotula coronopifolia— Linné.
Has. About Melbourne, Warrnambool.
Fl, The whole summer.
Cotula anthemoides—Linné.
Has. By waysides and in grassy places.
Fl. The whole summer.
Gymnogyne cotuloides—Steetz.
Has. Muddy situations near Brighton.
Fl. October.
Skirrhophorus Fuernrohrii—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Sandy pastures around Brighton.
Fl. November.
Strongylosperma Australe—Lessing.
Has. About Melbourne, moist situations on the Yarra.
Fl.
Leptinella intricata—J. Hooker.
Has. Shady banks of Yarra.
Fl. January.
Myriogyne minuta—Lessing.
Has. King’s River.
Fi.
Myriogyne Cunninghamii—Candolle.
Has. Banks of Yarra Yarra.
Fl. January.
Calocephalus lacteus—Lessing.
Has. Amongst Juncacez at St. Kikla, etc.
FL
Craspedia alpina—J. Hooker.
Has. Mount Buller.
FI.
Apalochlamys Billardierii—Candolle.
Has. Wilson’s Promontory.
FL
ae i re
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€P, edi
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61
Ozothamnus obcordatus—De Candolle.
Has. Forest Creek.
Fl.
Ozothamnus turbinatus—De Candolle.
Has, Wilson's Promontory.
Fi. 5
Ozothamnus ferrugineus—De Candolle.
Has. On the Yarra and Hopkins rivers.
Fi, January,
Tetracheta perennis—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Near St. Kilda.
Fi.
Pumilo argyrolepis— Schlechtendal.
Has. Grassy places near Melbourne.
FL October.
Millotia tenuifolia—Cassini.
Has. Near Richmond.
Fl. September.
Millotia myosotidifolia—Steetz.
Has. Glenelg.
Fi.
Chrysocephalum flavissimum—Steetz.
Has. Near the beach, Melbourne, grassy places on the Yarra.
Fl. December.
Chrysocephalum semipapposum—Steetz.
Has. Scrub near Brighton.
Fl. October.
Phezoleuca obtusifolia—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB.
Fl.
‘Helichrysum bracteatum—Willdenow.
: _ Has. » Yarra banks, near Dight’s Mill, etc.
: ees Fl. December.
~ _ ' his plant, the “large golden everlasting,” will be easily recognised by its
bright golden scales.
(Also, v. angustifolium )
+
62
Helichrysum scorpioides—Labillardiére.
Has. Near the Yarra
Fl. December.
Helichrysum leucopsidium—Candolle.
HAB. Wilson’s Promontory.
|
These plants will be easily recognised by those who know the “ Jinmortelle”’
of the French.
Genus named from Helios, the sun, and chryson, gold.
Ail continental tourists are familiar, we think, with the use of the “immor-
telles;’’ for who, in visiting churchyards in France, has not been struck
with the beauty of the wreaths placed over the graves? ‘Truly a sweet
tribute to the memory of dear relatives or friends—more touching far than
the most costly monuments; for in these simple wreaths there is no osten-
tation. There is much sweetness also in the distinction made in the gar-
lands according to the age of the departed: those intended for the graves
of the young and unmarried being composed of the purest white, whilst
for persons of more advanced age the yellow are used.
Helipterum brachyrrhynchum—Sonder.
Has. Argillaceous dry hills near Forest Creek.
Fl. December.
*Gnaphalium luteo-album—Linné.
HAB. Common, Yarra banks, Warrnambool, etce
Fl. January.
This plant, the “‘ Jersey cudweed,” is marked as “very rare” in England, by
Babington, in his ‘‘ Manual of British Botany.”
Gnaphalium indutum—J. Hooker.
HAB. Dry pastures near Brighton and Warrnambool.
Fl. October,
(Name from gnaphalon, soft down.)
Erechtites hispidula—Candolle.
HAB. Grassy ridges on the Yarra
Fl. September.
Senecio rupicola—Lesson and Richard.
HAB. Sandy soil on sea-coast, St. Kilda, Warrnambool, etc.
Fl. September.
Senecio Macquariensis—Candolle. | as
HAB. Muddy banks of the Yarra, rs
Fl. November.
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63
Senecio odoratus—Hornemann.
Hap. Banks of the Yarra.
Fl November.
(Also v. angustifolius.)
HAB. North side of the Yarra, near the eld slaughter-house,
Fl. January.
Cymbonotus Lawsonianus—Gaudichaud.
HAs. Sandy ciiffs by the sea near Brighton.
FL August,
*Silybum Marianum—Gaertner.
HAB. Common everywhere. |
FL ‘
The ‘milk thistle,’ which has become so widely diffused throughout the
whole colony as to call for an act to be passed by the Legislative Council
to make its destruction imperative.
*Centaurea solstitialis—Linné.
HAB. Uncultivated lands.
FL January.
The ‘‘ yellow-star thistle.”
*QOnopordnil Acanthium—Linné, -
HAB. Near Mount William.
Fl. January.
The ‘cotton thistle.”
*Hypocheris glabra—Linné.
Has. Sandy places, frequent.
FL
‘**Smooth cat’s-ear.”
*Taraxacum officinale—Weber.
Has. Common.
Fl. Summer.
“ Common dandelion.”"
Picris angustifolia—Candolle.
Has. Banks of Yarra.
FL January.
*Sonchus oleraceus—Linné.
Has. Waste places.
FL Summer.
“Common sow thistle,”
64
*Sonchus asper—Hotfm.
Haz. Waste ground.
FL Summer.
Seorzonera Lawrencii—J. Hooker.
Hap. Near the sea at Brighton.
Fl. August. -
“The root of this plant is a favourite food of the natives, and would form, if
enlarged by culture, an agreeable substitute for Scorzonera hispanica, or
asparagus,” —Mueller’s Report.
*Erigeron Canadensis—Linné.
Has. Near Melbourne,
FL
This plant, the “Canadian fleabane,”” which was brought about a century
since from Canada, has become disseminated nearly over the whole world.
In England, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Sicily, it is found, and is
frequently met with in this colony.
GOODENIACEZX, BR. BROWN.
Sexvola suaveolens—R. Brown.
Haz. Wilson’s Promontory.
Fl,
A very pretty plant, with spathulate leaves.
Goodenia ovata—R. Brown.
Has. Banks of Yarra,
Fl. December.
Flowers yellow, leaves ovate, dentate.
Goodenia humilis—R. Brown.
Hap. Broken River.
Fl.
Flowers yellow; a very slender plant.
Goodenia cordifolia—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Mount Buller.
FL
Goodenia lanata—R. Brown.
Has. Brighton.
Fl. January.
Rather a diminutive plant, with yellow flowers.
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65
LOBELIACEE, JUSSIEU.
Isotoma axillaris—Lindley.
Has. Futter’s Range.
i, Fl.
: ‘‘This plant surpasses all other indigenous Lobeliacex in its intense acridity,
and can be therefore only cautiously employed instead of Lobelia inflata.”
—Mueller’s First Report.
The tube of the corolla is remarkably long in this plant.
Laurentia platycalyx—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. In grassy places, Melbourne.
FL
Lobelia hydrophila.
Haz. Banks of Yarra, Hopkins River at Warrnambooi
FL December.
Lobelia alata—R. Brown.
Has. On the Lagoon near Liardet’s, ete.
Fl, December.
Lobelia -- "
Has. Near Warrnambool
Fl. January.
CAMPANULACES, DUBY.
Campanula gracilis —R. Brown.
Wahlenbergia ———-. De Candolle.
HAs. In pastures, common.
Fl. December to March. |
The ‘blue bell,” so abundant everywhere. There is a variety with four-fid.
flowers, C. quadrifida, whilst C. gracilis has the flowers five-fid.
STYLIDEZ, R. BROWN
. Stylidium graminifolium—Swartz.
Has. In pastures: a long spike of pink flowers, with long, radical, grassy
leaves.
Fl. August.
EPACRIDEZA, R. BROWN.
Leucopogon virgatus—R. Brown.
Has. Liardet’s Beach, near Melbourne.
Fl. August.
Leucopogon Richei—R. Brown.
Has. On the coast, Brighton, Warrnambool
Fl. August.
Acrotriche prostrata— Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Delatite.
Fi.
Melichrus glaucifolius—Ferd. Mueller.
Has, Loddon.
Fi.
Lissanthe montana—R. Brown.
Has. Mount Buller.
FL
Lissanthe Cunninghami—De Candolle.
Has. Loddon.
FL
Sprengelia incarnata—Smith.
Has.
FL
Epacris impressa—Labillardiére.
Has. Brighton, St. Kilda, sandy places.
FL.
Epacris lanuginosa—Labillardiére.
Has. Wilson’s Promontory.
Fl. .
These elegant plants are commonly known as “native heaths,"’ and will be
easily recognised. :
E. impressa is well figured in Sweet's “Flora Australasica,” p. 4; and the
scale-like leaves clothing the stem will at once decide this species.
. Be AIAG Y. MOBO IO!
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67
COROLLIFLORZ, CANDOLLE.
[Embracing all flowers furnished with calyx and corolla, the petals
of the latter being united. ]
MYRSINEA, BR. BROWN.
Myrsine Howittiana—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Gipps Land.
Fl.
Named in honour of Dr. Godfrey Howitt of Melbourne, a trne lover of natural
science. It may be seen in the Botanical Gardens, near the old swan
enclosure.
MYOPORINA, RB. BROWN.
Myoporum pentandrum—Ferd. Mueller.
Has
Fl. September.
With drooping flowers.
-
Myoporum tuberculatum—R. Brown.
Has. Melbourne, Warrnambool.
Fl. September.
Myoporum humile—R. Brown.
HaB Lagoon near St. Kilda, Pertobe Lagoon, Warrnambool
Fl. December.
A handsome trailer, with pink flowers, and green, fleshy, spathulate leaves.
68
VERBENACE, JUSSIEU,
Verbena officinalis—Linné.
H4z. Common in waste places.
Fl. January.
‘“* Vervain.”’
LABIATZA, JUSSIEU.
Lycopus Australis—R. Brown.
Has. Common in waste places near water.
Fl. January.
‘* Horehound,”"’ or “‘ gipsywort.”’
Mentha Australis—R. Brown.
Has. Banks of Yarra, Hopkins, ete., common.
Fl. December, January.
Mentha gracilis—R. Brown.
Has. Common.
Fl. December,
Mentha saturejvides—R. Brown.
HAs. Bacchus Marsh.
Fl.
*Marrubium vulgare—Linné.
Has. Banks of Yarra, Port Fairy, common.
Fl. February.
Scutellaria humilis—R. Brown.
HAB. Grassy situations, Warrnambool, Melbourne.
FL January to March.
(Name from scutella, a little vessel.)
Prunella vulgaris—Linné.
FAB. Grassy situations.
FL January.
The ‘self-heal,” or ‘‘ all heal.”
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Fat a a bret Catt ae lev tem
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69
Westringia senifolia —Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Buffalo Range
FL
Ajuga Australis—R. Brown.
Hap. Grassy places.
Fi, July.
The “common bugle flower.”
BORAGINEA, R. BROWN.
Myosotis Australis—R. Brown.
HAB. Banks of Yarra near Gardiner’s Creek, and abundantly about wombat
holes in the neighbourhood of Warrnambool.
FL December to February.
** Forget-me-not.”
Cynoglossum Australe—R. Brown.
HAs. About Melbourne, etc,
Fl. December.
Cynoglossum suaveolens—R. Brown.
HAB. Batman’s Hill, Melbourne, Warrnambool.
FL December.
“‘Sweet-scented hound’s-tongue.”
Name from cyon, a dog, and glossa, & tongue.
CONVOLVULACEZ, JUSSIEU.
Calystegia sepium—R. Brown.
Hap. I Know of no more beautiful habitat for this large and elegant convol-
vulus than the Merri River, near Grassmere, where the stream is choked
with rushes, which are nearly hidden by the clusters of flowers encircling
them,
Fl. Summer.
Convolvulus erubescens—Sims,
HAB. Grassy pastures, common.
Fi. January.
70
Dichondra repens—R. Brown.
HAB. Generally at the foot of trees.
Fl. Septembef.
Wilsonia rotundifoliamHooker.
HAB.
FI.
Cuscuta Australis—R. Brown.
Has. Goulburn River.
F), February.
BIGNONIACEH, R. BROWN.
Tecoma Australis-—R. Brown.
HAB. In sandy ground, not common.
Fi.
A creeper called the ‘‘ trumpet flower.”
GENTIANEZ, JUSSIEU.
Gentiana Diemensis—Griesebach.
Has. Snowy tops of Mount Buller—5500.
Fl.
Dr. Mueller thinks this plant as valuable as the officinal Gentiana lutea.
Sebea ovata—R. Brown.
HAs. Warrnambool, Melbourne, etc., common in meadows,
Fl. October to January.
' Flowers quinque-fid., yellow; leaves ovate, nerved; has important medical
virtues.
Sebeea albidiflora—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Low marshy ground near Brighton, near Pertobe Lagoon, Warrnam-
bool.
Fl. October, November.
This species, which is particularly fine in the latter locality, growing to the
height of six to eight inches, has white flowers, four-fid., and fleshy
leaves, not nerved, It is a valuable tonic,
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ra
Erythrea Australis—R. Brown.
Has. Sandy soil near St. Kilda.
Fl. December.
Valuable for its bitterness.
Mitrasacme paradoxa—R. Brown.
Has. Grassy situations at Richmond and Brighton.
FL September, October.
A very small, elegant, little plant, often not more than an inch in height, and
its stems smaller than the finest hair.
SOLANACEA, JUSSIEU.
Solanum nigrum—Linneé.
Has. Waste places about Warrnambool and Melbourne.
Fl. January to March.
** Common nightshade.”
Solanum laciniatum—R. Brown.
Has. Common everywhere.
FL January to March.
‘* Kangaroo apple.” The radical leaves are generally slashed, hence its spe-
cific name; but we have observed many plants with the leaves quite
entire.
Solanum Hystrix—R. Brown.
Has,
Fi.
The whole of this plant covered with spines; very elegant.
Nicotiana suaveolens—Lehmann.
Has. On the high Yarra ranges near the Lunatic Asylum.
FL November.
This very beautiful tobacco was at one time common in the above situations,
but on our last visit we found that sheep had sadly cropped it. The
flowers are white, stem herbaceous, nearly simple; leaves subpetiolate, or
lanceolate, undulated. Tube of corolla cylindrical, much longer than the
calyx, segments of limb rather unequal, roundish, obtuse. Stem villous
at the base, smoother at top. Leaves with a few scattered soft hairs op
veins and midrib; radical ones sub-spathulate, bluntish, rosulate. Calyx
deeply five-cleft; segments acute, unequal.
72 ew
ACANTHACEA, R. BROWN.
Basileophyta Friderici Augusti—Ferd. Mueller.
HAs.
Fl.
A parasite on the fern tree.
SCROPHULARINA, R. BROWN.
Mimulus repens-—R. Brown.
Has. Swamps near Melbourne, Warrnambool, etc., common.
FL January to April.
Mimulus gracilis—R. Brown.
Has. Marshy ground near Pertobe Lagoon, Warrnambool.
Fl. November.
Mazus Pumilio—R. Brown.
Has. Dandenong,
Fl.
Gratiola latifolia-—R. Brown.
Has. Bauks of Yarra, Macdonald’s Creek, Warrnambool.
Fl. December.
Glossostigma Drummondi—Bentham.
Has. Ovens.
Fl.
Veronica gracilis—R. Brown.
Hag. Pastures.
Fl. August.
Veronica calycina—R. Brown.
Has. Moi Swamp.
Fl. April. .
Fl. on lateral racemes, few flowered, leaves ovate, unequally crenate, hairy
stem creeping.
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73
Veronica labiata—R. Brown.
Has. About Melbourne.
FL
With long axillary racemes of white flowers; icaves elongate, lanceolate, acu-
minate, unequally serrated.
Elatine gratioloides—AIl. Cunningham.
HAB.
Fl,
VERBASCEZ, BARTLING.
*Verbascum Blattaria—Linné.
Has. In waste places, occasionally.
Fl. January.
‘*Moth mullein.”
*Verbascum virgatum— Withering.
Has. In waste places, occasionally.
Fl. January.
**Large-flowered primrose-leaved mullein.”’
LENTIBULARINA, RICHARD.
Utricularia lilacina—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Brighton.
Fi.
‘* Bladder-wort ”’
: PRIMULACE®, VENTENAT.
Samolus litoralis—R. Brown.
' Has. Amidst rushes in«marshy grounds, Melbourne, Warrnambool, Port ,
Fairy.
Fl. December to April.
H
74
*Anagallis phoeenicea—Lamarck. Red Pimpernel.
Has. Cultivated places, occasionally.
Fl. December.
*Anagallis ceerulea—Schreber. Blue Pimpernel.
Has. Cultivated places, not common.
Fl.
PLUMBAGINEZ, JUSSIEU.
Statice Australis—Sprengel.
Has.
Fi.
PLANTAGINEA, VENTENAT.
*Plantago lanceolata—R. Brown.
Has. Waysides.
Fl. January.
‘*Ribwort plantain.”
*Plantago Coronopus—R. Brown.
Has. Waste places, Warrnambool, not common.
Fl. January.
‘** Buck’s-horn plantain.”
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MONOCHLAMYDEZ, CANDOLLE.
{Embraces those plants which have no corolla, and occasionally
not even a calyx. |
LAURINEA, JUSSIEU.
Cassyta giabella—R. Brown.
HAB.
#1,
Stem giabrous.
Cassyta pubescens—R. Brown.
HAB. Near St. Kilda, Brighton, Warrnambool, twining on Riccinocarpus, etc,
¥1. February.
Stem pubescent.
PROTEACEZA, R. BROWN. i
Persoonia juniperina—Labillardiére.
HAB.
Fl.
Persoonia suffruticosa—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Ballaarat, Buffalo Ranges.
Fi.
76
Grevillea Victoris—Ferd. Mueller. |
Has. Buffalo Ranges.
Fl.
Grevillea Dallachiana—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB.
FL
Named after Mr. Dallachy, the superintendent of the Melbourne Botanic
Gardens.
Grevillea chrysophea—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB.
FL
Grevillea Latrobei— Meisner.
HAB. High banks of the Yarra, etc
Fi. August.
Lomatia longifolia—R. Brown.
HAB. Delatite.
Fl
Hakea parilis—Knight and Salisbury.
Hap. Gipps Land.
Fl.
Hakea trisecta.
HARB.
FI.
Hakea brachyrrhynca—Ferd. Mueller.
HIAB.
Fl. July.
Banksia Australis—R. Brown.
HAB. Common.
Fl, February.
This (with four other species) is designated the ‘‘native honeysuckle.” Its
bottle-brush yellow flowers will at once enable the student to distinguish
this plant.
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THYMELEA, JUSSIEU.
Pimelea elata—Ferd Mueller.
HAB. Wilson’s Promoutory.
Fi.
Pimelea glauca—h. Brown.
HAB. Lagoon near Liardet’s Beach, etc.
Fl. December.
Pimelea phylicoides—Meisner.
HAB.
Fi,
Pimelea curvifiora—h. Brown.
Has. Hilly pastures near Uawthorne.
- FL September. —
(There are eighteen species of this very beautiful genus common in Victoria.)
AMARANTHACEA, JUSSIEU.
Aljternanthera denticulata—R. Brown.
HAB. Banks of Yarra, moist situations, commer
Fl. January.
Hemichrea pentandra—R. Brown.
Has. M'‘Crae's Island.
FL
ee
SALSOLACE.E, JUSSIEU.
Rhagodia nutans—R. Brown.
HAB. Banks of Yarra, Hopkins River, cic.
FF), February.
Bhagodia Billardierii—R. Brown.
HiAB. Sandy soil near St. Kilda, Warrnambool.
FL February.
“Chenopodium murale—Linné.
HAB. Marshy ground near Yarra.
Il, January.
‘** Nettle-leaved goose-foot.”’
Bhitom ————?
HAB. Warrnambool, Melbourne.
Fl. February.
Atriplex paludosum—R. Brown.
HAB. Port Albert.
Fi,
Atriplex cinereum—Poiret.
HAB. Sea coast.
Fl. August.
Chenopodina Australis— Moquin.
HAB.
F'.
POLYGONEZ, JUSSIEU.
Polygonum prostratum—R. Brown.
Hag. Yarra banks,
Fl. January.
Polygonum minus—Hudson.
HAB. Moist situations.
Fl. January.
Polygonum glandulosum—R. Brown.
HAB. Shady banks of Goulburn, Broken River, King, Ovens, Murray.
F).
Leaves elongate, lanceolate, acuminate, underneath glandulose.
Polygonum subsessile—R. Brown.
HAB. Goulburn, King, Broken River.
Fl.
Leaves elongate, lanceolate, somewhat sessile.
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Polygonum gracile—R. Brown:
HAB. Lagoons near the Yarra.
Fl. January.
Polygonum strigosum—R. Brown,
HAs. Shady grassy banks.
FL
Stem erect, bracteas ciliate, leaves hastate, branches with recarved strigw, or
sharp, closely-pressed hairs.
*
*Polygonum aviculare—Linné.
Has. Waste places,
Fl.
‘‘Common knot grass.”
Muehlenbeckia complexa—Meisner.
Has. Banks of Hopkins, at Brighton, etc.
F). August.
This is frequently called ‘‘sarsaparilla,” and used in the same way.
Rumex Brownii—Campdera.
HAB_ Yarra banks.
Fl.
Rumex spinulosus.
HAs. Yarra banks.
FL January.
*Rumex crispus—Linné.
HAs. Waste places.
Fl. January.
‘“*Curled dock.”
*Rumex Acetosella—Linné.
HAB. Waste places,
Fl. November.
““Sheep’s sorrel.”
SANTALACE, JUSSIEU.
Exocarpus cupressiformis—Labillardiére.
HAB. Common everywhere.
Fi.
“Native cherry tree.”
80
Exocarpus stricta—R, Brown.
HAB. Common,
r
URTICEZ, JUSSIEU,
*Wrtica urens—Linné.
Has. Waste places,
Fl, January.
*Urtica dioica— Linné.
HAB. Waste places.
Fl, January,
The leaves of this plant instead of being eordate, as in the English speamens
in our herbarium, are elongate, lanceolate,
CASUARINEZ, MIRBEL.
mM
4
Casuarina rigida—Miguel.
HAB, Gipps Land.
Fl.
(There are four other species, C. leptoclada, pumiia, guadrivaivis, and cristata,
all known as the ‘‘she oak.’ We may refer to Mr. Swainson's report on
these plants, and to the seeds and cones collected by him, which may be
seen at the Botanical Gardens. He has named 213 species!!!
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MONOCOTYLEDONES.
(Tux plants of this class are also ealled Endogens, and
differ from Exogens, or Dicotyledonee, in their parallel-
veined leaves, the absence of concentric rings, and the
seed containing an embryo with only one cotyledon. |
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ORCHIDEZ, JUSSIEU.
Thelymitra pauciflora—R. Brown.
HAB.
FI.
Diuris maculata—Smith.
HAs. Stony places near Dight’s Mill.
Fl. September.
Diuris aurea—Smith.
HAB. Common about Melbourne.
Fl September.
Caladenia cerulea—R. Brown.
HAs. In pastures about Melbourne.
Fi.
Caladenia carnea—R. Brown. |
HAs. Shady places at Brighton under Fabricia levigata, sand hummocks
at Warrnambool.
F 1, September, October.
Caladenia alata—R. Brown.
HAB. Pastures at Hawthorne, etc.
FL September.
Caladenia pulcherrima—FKerd. Mueller.
HAxB. Common in pastures about Melbourne and Warrnambool,
Fi. October, November.
The “spider orchis."’ Varies much in the colour and size of its flowers; but
under any circumstances, it is indeed one of the ‘most beautiful” of our
native orchidez.
Glossodia minor—R. Brown.
Has. About Richmond.
Fl. August, September.
84
Pterostylis cucullata—R. Brown.
- Has. Common in pastures.
Fl. August, September.
‘** Hooded orchis,”’ of which eight other species are common in Victoria.
Dipodium punctatum—R. Brown.
Dendrobium ———-. Smith’s “ iixot. Bot.,” i. page 21, tab. 12.
HAB. Near Gardiner’s Creek.
Fl. January.
HYPOXIDEA, ENDLICHER.
Hypoxis vaginata—Schlechtendal.
HAs. In pastures, common.:
Fil. Spring.
Hypoxis glabella—R. Brown.
HAB. Pastures.
Fl. Spring.
LILIACEZ, CANDOLLE.
Bulbine bulbosa—Haworth.
HHAB. Pastures near Hodgson’s Punt.
Fl. August:
Dichopogon humilis—Kunth.
HAB. Pastures.
Fl. November.
Dichopogon leimonophilus—Ferd. Mueller.
HAB. Pastures.
Fi. November to January.
Cesia corymbosa—k. Brown.
HAB. Pastures. ,
Fl. Spring.
Thysanotus Patersoni—R. Brown.
HAB. Twining around plants in the scrub near East Brighton.
Fl. October.
Flowers pink.
Beha dtr > =
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a
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oo ee Oe
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Tricoryne graminifolia.
HAB. Pastures.
Fl. December.
Flowers yellow.
Dianella ecerulea—Sims.
Hap. Amidst rushes about Brighton and St. Kiida.
Hl. October.
Flowers blue.
(The natives use the ieaves of this and D. revoluta for making baskets.)
Xanthorrhea minor—R. Brown.
{AB Near Portland.
F Spring.
Xanthorrhea Australis—R. Brown.
- Ban. Near Cape Otway, Portland, etc.
Fl. Spring.
“Grass trees.” A species of bee is said to bore into the stems of these
plants, and deposit honey therein.
MELANTHACEA, R. BROWN.
Burchardia umbellata—R. Brown.
HAB. Pastures.
F1. September.
Flowers white.
Anguillaria dioica—R. Brown. ‘
HAB. Pastures, abundant.
Fl September, October.
Flowers white.
XEROTIDEH, ENDLICHER,
Xerotes collina—R. Brown.
HaB. Richmond, Survey Paddock, pastures.
Fl. August.
Nine other species common in Victoria.
I
86
JUNCE, CANDOLLE.
Juncus maritimus—Lamarck.
HAB. Warrnambool, Gipps Land.
Fl. February.
Juncus effusus—Linné.
HAs. Moist situations.
Fl. February.
Juncus bufonius—Linné.
HAB. Marshy ground about Warrnambool.
Fi. February, March.
Juncus pallidus—R. Brown.
HAs. About Melbourne.
Fi.
Luzula campestris—Candolle.
HAB. Pastures.
Fl. July.
JUNCAGINE, RICHARD.
Triglochin nanum—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Brighton.
Fl. December.
Triglochin decipiens—R. Brown.
Has. Lagoons about Warrnambool, etc.
Fj. December.
Cycnogeton Huegelii—Endlicher.
Has. In the Yarra and lagoons.
FL.
J Actinocarpus minor—R. Brown, Prod., p. 199. .
Damasonium Australe—Salisbury in “ Hort. Trans.,” i. p. 268.
Haz. This rare plant we discovered in lagoons near the Yarra, and have
never noticed it in any other localities. Carpels, nine in number—R,
Brown mentions eight only.
Fl. April or May.
| aay
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87
Alisma Plantago—Linné.
Has. Marsby places, rivers.
FL
“*Great water plantain.”
HYDROCHARIDES, JUSSIEU.
Damasonium ovalifolium—R. Brown, Prod., p. 200.
Ottelia ovalifolia—Lindley.
Haz. On the Yarra and lagoons.
Fl. January.
This elegant water-plant will easily be detected by its large potamogeton-
like leaves fleating on the water, on long petioles. The flowers are white,
crimson at the base, and appear just above the surface. The stem is
round, but in some specimens we have observed it triangular.
LEMNACEZ, LINK.
Lemna minor—Linneé.
Has. Lagoons, common.
FL
Lemna trisulca—Linné.
Has. Lagoon at Leura near Belfast.
Fl.
(A species of Physa, is commonly found on this duckweed.)
TYMPHACEZA, JUSSIEU.
Typha Shuttleworthii—Koch and Sonder.
Has. Lagoons.
Fl, December.
“* Cat’s tail,” or “ bulrush.”
oF
Lo a}
POTAMEZZ, JUSSIEU.
Ruppia maritima—Linné.
Has. In salt water, Warrnambool, etc
Fl. March. .
** Sea tassel grass.”’
Potamogeton natans—Linné.
Has. Lagoons, rivers, common.
F]. December,
Potamogeton obtusifolius—Mertens and Koch.
Has. In swamps, common.
Fl. January.
(This is P. gramineum of Robert Brown. ‘ Prodromus,” p. 199, ‘‘ folits linea
ribus obtusts.”
DESVAUXIEA, BARTLING.
Desvauxia tenuior—R. Brown.
Has. Moist, grassy situations about Melbourne.
Fl. September.
(Named in honour of D. Desvaux, the author of a work on the Juncew, i
‘* Journal de Botanique.”’)
Aphelia cyperoides—R. Brown.
Has. Swamps about Melbourne. yo
Fl. September.
Aphelia pumilo—Ferd. Mueller.
Hag. Grassy places about Melbourne
Fl. October.
(These plants are very like minute Scipi or Cypers,
RESTIACE, R. BROWN.
Hypoleena fastigiata—R. Brown.
HAB,
Fi.
a
Rapist Us Sheen
a is Ditties
-. er 3, tesa
acta PE Ss Wihe Ves
Bees obvi: Mega
id lien ae ve Te =
tara Te ie ae
Y ghony aupeiin Vainsiebint ‘phar ve Kee,
«Saad spsceigmaide sorsnsy teas ,
EE 2 san ae
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’ ‘ . oe ; : 1
: nade
mt ;
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as we et eels ; ital ea cae
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tA hao i, AREY i i : |
askaeen eink Ty Titer
a Warton hed < hype ;
7 Dery cay per ee | ee
: oy
+ oan PAT wre tilts: oe aah Mania a wy
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89
Restio lateriflorus-—R. Brown.
Has. Gipps Land.
Fl.
Restio tetraphyllus—Labillardiere.
Has. Gipps Land.
FL
CYPEROIDEA, JUSSIEU.
Cyperus lucidus—R. Brown.
Has. Banks of the Yarra, etc.
Fl. January.
Cyperus levis—R. Brown.
Has. Ovens.
iy Soe
Isolepis prolifera—R. Brown.
Hag. Yarra banks, Warrnambool,
Fi.
Fimbristylis brachytricha—Ferd. Mueller.
Haz. Goulburn.
Fl.
Scirpus maritimus—Linné.
Has. About Melbourne.
Fl. December.
Scirpus leptocarpus—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Ovens.
Fl.
Chapelliera loculata.
Has. Yarra banks,
Fl. January.
~ Cheetospora axillaris—R. Brown.
Hap. Moist situations.
Fl. September.
90
Scheenus pogonolepis—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Yarra.
Fl.
Gahnia suleata—Ferd. Mueller.
Has. Muddy Creek.
F.
Carex pseudo-Cyperus—Linné.
Has. Goulburn.
FL.
C. inversa, chlorantha, appressa, vulgaris, brevieulmis, longifolia, and litorea
may occasionally be met with.
GRAMINEZE, JUSSIEU.
Sporobolus Matrella—Nees.
Has. Salt marshes.
Fl.
Sporobolus indicus—R. Brown.
Has. Lagoons near the Murray.
Fi.
‘‘ Panicula coarctata cylindracea e spicis imbricatis divisis simplicibusve ”
Agrostis parviflora—R. Brown.
Has, Banks of rivers and lagoons, Goulburn, Delatite.
Fl,
‘Panicula effusa capillari, glumis equalibus, perianthii valvula exteriori trnn-
cata: interiori minutissima.”’
Agrostis emula—R. Brown.
Has. Banks of Yarra.
Fl.
‘‘ Panicula capillari, glumarum carinis denticulatis, valvula exteriori perianthii
longitudinaliter pubescente bimucronata: arista dorsali glumis duplo
longiori, setula villosa ad basin valvule interioris, foliis planis.” |
Agrostis scabra—R. Brown.
HAB. Near Sealer’s Cove, Buffalo Range.
Fl.
‘* Panicula capillari, glumarum carinis lateribusque scabris, valvula exteriori
perianthii glabra; apice denticulata;. arista dorsali inclusa, setula villosa
ad basin interioris, foliis planis vaginisque scabris.”’
é
v ¢
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he 5 fi - ios oi | me rere Pie! eters
CAAY GR Peet Rae, 220-74} oe oy Pat:
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91
Agrostis ovata—R. Brown.
-( Cinna ———. Kunth.
HAB. Yarra Banks, Warrnambool.
Ff). January.
**Panicula ovata vel oblongo spiciformi, arista glumis longiori, setula ad basin
valvulz interioris.”
Agrostis quadriseta—R. Brown.
HAs. In grassy places.
Fl. Common,
““Triandra, panicula cylindracea; ramis ramulisque imbricatis, glumis acu-
minatis, valvula exteriori perianthii glabra; arista infra medium dorsi
glumis duplo longiori; apice quadridentata dentibus setaceis interioribus
brevioribus.”
Agrostis lobata—R. Brown.
HAB. On barren lofty places.
Fi.
** Panicula si. bspicata decomposita lobata.”’
Polypogon imitans—Ferd. Mueller.
-HaAs. Darebin Creek.
FL
Stipa semibarbata—R. Brown.
HAB. Near Brighton and the Yarra,
Fl.
‘‘ Aristis a basi ad geniculum plumosis; supra nudis, perianthiis sericeis,
glumis coloratis scabriusculis.”
Stipa flavescens—Labillardiére.
HAs. In sterile places, not uncommon.
FL
‘“‘ Aristis nudis perianthiis pubescentibus, glumis setaceo-acuminatis, foliis in-
volutis, geniculis vaginisque inferioribus pubescentibus, ligula brevissima _
ciliata.”
Stipa macrantha—Cavanilles.
HaAB. On mountains near Wilson’s Promontory, particularly in granite
rocks, and near the Loddon.
Fi.
“ Aristis nudis, perianthiis glabris subsessilibus, glumis mucronatis, panicula
effusa, culmo ramoso vaginisque levibus, foliis planiusculis scabris.”
92
*Avena fatua—Linné.
HAs. Generally in cultivated places.
FL
The ‘‘ wild oat:’’ too well known to need any description.
Vulpia :
HAB. Lonsdale Street, Melbourne.
Fl. February.
We found a single plant growing in the above locality in 1853, but cannot
decide the species with any accuracy.
Glyceria fluitans—R. Brown.
HAB. Bacchus Marsh, Black Forest, Deep Creek, Loddon, and lagoons near
the Plenty.
Fl. .
*Dactylis glomerata—Linné.
HAB. Waysides.
FI.
‘‘ Cock's-foot grass.”
Eragrostis parviflora— Trinius.
HAB. King’s River.
Fl.
Poa Australis—R. Brown.
HAs. Often in elevated places.
Fl.
‘“‘Panicula effusa v. subcoarctata, spiculis 5, 6, floris lanceolatis, glumis scabris,
perianthii valvula exteriori basi lanata, foliis setaceo-involutis scabris;
ligula brevissima, culmis ceespitosis.”
*Poa annua—Linné.
HAB. Waste places.
Fl.
‘* Annual meadow grass.”
‘* Spiculis ovatis, 5 floris.”’
*Briza minor—Linné.
HAB. Waste and cultivated places.
Fl, October.
‘“‘ Lesser quaking-grass.”’
‘Spiculis triangularibus, 7 floris,”’
a min .
any ie : ved wer
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93
Arundo Phragmites—R. Brown.
HAB. Banks of Yarra.
Fl.
‘*Gluma multiflora, bivalvis.”’
Cynodon Dactylon—Richard.
HAB. Meadows near the river Ovens.
Fl.
“ Spicis 3-5 digitatis, perianthiis glabris subciliatis gluma longioribus, setula
imberbi ad basin valvule interioris.”
Chloris truncata—R. Brown.
Has. In moist grassy places near St. Kilda.
FI.
‘*Spicis 6-8 digitatis divaricatis, glumis bifloris subulatis, perianthiis trun-
catis compressis glabris, arista valvulam bis superante.”’
*Phalaris minor—Retz.
Has. Waste and cultivated places.
Fl.
‘Small canary grass.”
*Alopecurus geniculatus—Linné.
HAB. Moist places.
Fi.
“Floating fox-tail grass.”
Anthistiria Australis—R. Brown.
Has. Common.
Fl. October.
‘*Kangaroo grass.”’
““Glumis involucrisque imberbibus strigisve paucissimis, foliis vaginisque
glabris, culmo tereti.”
Tetrarrhena acuminata—R. Brown.
HAB. Goulburn River.
Fl.
‘*Floribus glabris, perianthiis nervosis; exteriore acuto; valvula altera inte-
riori parum breviori; altera longiori acuminata, foliis vaginisque glabris,
culmo ramoso.
*Lolium perenne—Linné.
HAB. Cultivated places, ete.
FL
‘*Common Rye-grass.”. ‘* Red darnel.”
94
*Lolium temulentum—Linné.
HAB. Generally in cultivated land.
Fi.
‘*The bearded darnel.”
Seeds said to cause intoxication.
*Hordeum murinum—Linné.
Has. On walls and waysides.
Fl.
‘Wall barley,” ‘‘ way bennet.”
*Holecus:lanatus—Linné.
Has. Grassy places.
F1.
‘* Meadowsoft grass.”
.
— >.
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‘[Piants which have no flowers, but are multiplied by
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FILICES, JUSSIEU.
Notholeena distans—R. Brown.
Has. Delatite.
Fy,
“Frondibus bipinnatis lineari-lanceolatis setoso-hirsutissimis, foliolis oppo-
sitis deltoidibus distantibus, pinnulis oblongis; inferioribus incisis, rachi
stipiteque setosis.”"—R. Brown’s “ Prodromus,”’ p. 2 (146:)
Grammitis Australis—R. Brown.
HAB.
Fr,
‘“‘ Frondibus linearibus vel lanceolato-linearibus obtusiusculis integris giabris;
marginibus simplicibus.”"—Prodromus, p. 2 (146.)
Polypodium Billardierii—R. Brown.
Has.
Fr.
‘“‘Frondibus integerrimis pinnatifidisque glabris coriaceis lanceolatis; margine
incrassatis; venis anastomozantibus, soris solitariis subsaccatis, surculo
squamoso radicante.”—Prodromus, p. 3 (147.)
(Name from poly, many, and pous, a foot—referring to the foot-like divisions
of the caudex.)
Aspidium proliferuam—R. Brown.
Has.
Fr.
‘*Frondibus bipinnatis apice proliferis, pinnulis ovato-oblongis glabris crenatis
incisisve ; inferioribus basi pinnatifidis lobulo antico dilatato obtuso, sti-
pete rachique scarioso-squamosis; squamulis setaceis basi dilitata fim-
briata.”—Prodromus, p. 3 (147.)
Asplenium flabellifolium—Cavanilles.
Has. Rocky situations near the Yarra.
bd Fr. January.
‘**Fan-shaped spleenwort.”’
“Frondibus pinnatis, pinnis orbiculato-rhombeis antice crenato-dentatis,
rachi levi apice filiformi nudo radicante.”—Prodromus, p. 6 (150.)
K
98
Asplenium obtusatum—Forster.
Has. Shady situations near springs, Buffalo Ranges.
Fr. na!
‘‘Frondibus pinnatis coriaceis, pinnis oblongis obtusis acutiusculisve grosse
serratis basi subattenuatis, rachi marginata.”—Prodromus, p. 6 (150.)
(Name from asplenon, some species having probably been used as a cure for
spleen.)
Blechnum striatum—Swartz.
Hap,
rr,
‘*Frondibus pinnatis lanceolatis, pinnis lineari-ensiformibus acutis serrulatis
opacis venoso-striatis; inferioribus suboppositis, rachi nuda, stipite semi-
tereti.”"—Prodromus, p. 8 (152.)
pss aie procera.
Lomaria . Sprengel.
Hag. Banks of the Yarra.
Fr.
‘‘Frondibus pinnatis oblongo-ellipticis, pinnis sterilibus lanceolato-ensiformi-
bus acuminatis serratis basi subcordatis, fertilibus (ejusdem vel diverse
frondis) linearibus; costa subtus paleacea, involucris sub-intramargin-
alibus.”’—Prodromus, p. 9 (158.)
Pteris esculenta—Forster.
Has. Common everywhere.
Fr.
This fern needs no description, it is the common bracken of the colony. Myr.
Backhouse, in speaking of the root, says, ‘‘ Pigs feed upon this root, where |
it has been turned up by the plough, and in sandy soils they will them-
selves turn up the earth in search of it. The aborigines roast it in the
ashes, peel off its black skin with their teeth, and eat it with their
roasted kangaroos, and in the same manner as Europeans eat bread.”
(Name from pteron, a wing—probably from the expanded appearance which —
this fern presents.)
Adiantum assimile—Swartz.
Has. Abundant on the banks of the Yarra, and in shrubby places about
Warrnambool,
Fr. January.
This, the most elegant of our native ferns, will be at once recognised from its
similarity to the Adiantum capillus-veneris, or ‘‘true maiden’s hair,” so
rare in England. Whether our plant possesses the extraordinary virtues
which are attributed to it we know not, but it is a gem in every way;
aud we recommend it to our fair readers as a great improvement, inter-
mingled with a white rosebud, on the trashy artificial flowers so com-
monly worn in the hair.
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Cheilanthes tenuifolia—Swartz.
Has. Rocky places on the Yarra, and near Saltwater River.
Fr.
‘“*Frondibus subtripinnatis glabris, pinnulis oblongis incisis pinnatifidisve soris
confluentibus.”—Prodromus, p. 12 (156.)
’
Trichomanes venosum—R. Brown.
Has. Gipps Land.
Fr.
‘“‘Frondibus pinnatis, pinnis linearibus venosis crenato repandis; inferioribus
basi lobatis vel pinnatifidis intusque unifloris."—Prodromus, p. 15 (159.)
(Name derived from ¢richos, a hair, and mania, excess—in allusion to the
exserted hair-like receptacles. ‘ Receptaculo capsularum plerumque ex-
serto, elongato.) ”
Hymenophyllum nitens—R. Brown.
Has.
Fr.
‘“*Frondibus tripinnatifidis lanceolatis glabris, laciniis linearibus obtusis sub-
emarginatis integris, involucris terminalibus, valvis oblate orbicularibus.”’
—Prodromus, p. 15 (159.)
(Name from hymen, a membrane, and phyllon, a leaf—from the membranous
character of the fronds.)
Gleichenia microphylla—R. Brown.
Has. Bunyip Creek.
Fr. April.
. **Frondibus dichotomis, divaricatis, ramis pinnatis, pinnis pinnatifidis glabris
lobis subrotundis margine recurvis, capsulis 3-4 exsertis, rachibus hirtis.”’
Prodromus, p. 17 (161.)
Ophioglossum gramineum—Willdenow.
Has. Near Prahran.
Fr.
We are indebted to our friend, Mr Carl Wilhelmi, for numerous specimens of
this elegant and minute species (one to two inches), which he found in
swampy ground in the above locality. Those of our readers who are
familiar with the ‘“‘common adder’s tongue” (0. vulgatum), which,
according to Gerard, “ yeelds a balsame for greene wounds,”’ will have no
difficulty in determining this plant.
(Name from ophios, a serpent, and glossa, a tongue—from the resemblance
which the fertile fronds bears to the tongue of that reptile.)
z . 108
Gleichenia dicarpa—R. Brown.
Has. Buffalo Ranges.
: three
‘‘ Frondibus dichotomis, ramis pinnatis, pinnis pinnatifidis, lobis orbiculatis
subtus concavis latoque margine ciuctis, capsulis binis, rachibus pubes,
centibus.”’—Prodromus, p. 17 (161.)
Schizzxa fistulosa-—Labillardiére.
Has. Gipps Land.
Px
‘‘Frondibus indivisis teretiusculis antice sulcatis, appendice pinnata sub
12 juga, involucris citiato-laceris.”"—Prodromus, p. 18 (162.)
Schizza bifida—Swartz.
HAB.
Fr,
‘‘Frondibus sterilibus dichotomis, fertilibus bifidis v. semel dichotomis asperis,
appendicibus 10-16 jugis adscendentibus, involucris crinitis.”
Botrychium Australe—R. Brown.
Has. In swampy ground near Richmond.
Fr,
The only specimen of this plant found in Victoria, we discovered in August,
1853, in the above locality; and, although we repeatedly explored the
neighbourhood with much diligence, could never obtain a second,
‘‘Scapo subradicali, fronde ternata, foliolis bipinnatis, pinnulis confluentibus
incisis.”°—Prodromus, p. 20 (164.)
MARSILLEACEA, R. BROWN.
Azolla pinnata—R. Brown.
Has. Goulburn River.
Ir.
‘‘ Fronde circumscriptione triangulari pinnata, foliolis superioribus papulosis,
radicibus longitudinaliter plumosis.”—Prodromus, p. 23 (161.)
Azolla rubra—R. Brown.
Has. On a swamp near Gardiner’s Creek, Botanic Gardens, Melbourne,
Merri River, Warrnambool.
‘* Fronde circumscriptione orbiculata, lobis palmatis lobulis indivisis bifidisve —
foliolis superioribus levibus, radicibus extra medium plumosis.”’
Very small plants, swimming on the surface of the water, covering it as with
velvet. Very like Jungermannia.
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