Journal of botany: British and foreign, Volume 12

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THE

JOURNAL OF BOTANY,

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

EDITED BY

HENKY TEIMEN, M.B., F.L.8.,

BlirnSH MUSEUM,
-AfiSlSTBD BY

J. G. BAKER, F.L&,

ROYAL HERBARIUM, KBW.

NEW SERIES. VOL. III.

(vol. XII. OF THE ENTIBE WORK.)

illuitxKttti ioitf^ Ij^lKtti an)f ^moolfcutis.

LONDON:
RANKEN & CO., DRURY HOUSE, ST. MARY-LE-S TRAND.

Andrew Elliot, 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh ; J. Rothschild Paris
AsHBR & Co., Berlin ; Wbstbrmasx, New York.
1874.

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MIA

LONDON : '
RAMKBN AND CO., PRINTBB8, DRUBT HOUSB,
8T. MARY-LB-STRAND.

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CONTEIBUTOES

THE *« JOURNAL OF BOTANY*'— NEW SERIES.

Eev. T. AUin.
"W. Archer.

F. W. C. Areschoug.

Prof. C. C. BabiDgton, F.R.S.,

F.L.S.
J. Bagnall.

C. Bailey.

J. G. Baker, F.L.S.

Mrs. Baker.

J. BaU, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Prof. J. H. Balfour, M.D.,

F.R.S.
R. M. Barrington.
M. J. Barrington -Ward, M.A.,

F.L.S.
W. H. Beeby.

A. W. Bennett, M.A., B.Sc,
F.L.S.

G. Bennett, M.D., F.L.S.
G. Bentham, F.R S., F.L.S.
T. B. Blow.

H. Boswell.

B. Braithwaite, M.D.. F.L.S.
Mrs. Bramwell.

D. Brandis, M.D„ F.L.S.
T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S.
J. Britten, F.L.S.

H. Bromwich.

H. G. Bull, M.D.

M. M. BuU, M.D.

W. Carruthers, F.R.S., F.L.S.

Prof. T. Caruel.

J. Collins.

T. Comber.

M. C. Cooke, Ph.I).

Prof. F. Crepin.

Rev. J. M. Crombie, M. A .,

F.L.S.
J. Cunnack.
F. Currey, F.R.S , F.L.S.

N. A. BalzeU.

Alph. Be CandoUe.

A. D686gli8e.

J. F. Duthie, B.A.

Prof. W. T. Thiselton Dyer,

M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S.
Prof. A. W. Eichler.
A. Ernst, Ph.D.
T. B. Flower, F.L.S.

E. Fournier.
Rev. J. Eraser.
Prof. E. Fries.
Prof. A. Gray, M.D.

J. E. Gray, Ph.D., F.L.S.
L. H. Grindon.

D. Hanbury, F.R.S., F.L.S.

F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S.
H. F. Hance, Ph.D.
H. C. Hart.

W. E. Hart.
fW. A. Hayne, M.A.
W. B. Hemsley.
W. P. Hiem, M.A., F.L.S.
Rev. W. M. Hind, LL.D.
C. P. Hobkirk.
Miss E. Hodgson.
R. Holland.

E. M. Holmes.

J. D. Hooker, C.B., M.D,

F.R S., F.L.S.
T. Howse, F.L.S.
J. Hussey.
A. Irvine.

fB. D. Jackson, F.L.S.
J. R. Jackson, A.L.S.

F. E. Kitchener, F.L.S.
8. Kurz.

Rev. J. E. Leefe, M.A., F.L.S.

E. Lees, F.L.S.

F. A. Lees, F.L.S.

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IV

C0NTRIBUT0B8.

Prof. S. 0. Liadberg, M.D.

Mrs. Lomax.

C. Longfield.

Prof. W. R. Mcl^ab, M.D.,

F L S
J. aMelvill, M.A.,F.L.S.
J. Miers, F.R.S., F.L.S.
W. Mitten, A.L.8.
D.Moore, Ph.D., F.L.S.
A. G. More, F.L.S
Prof. J. Morris, F.G.S.
Baron F. von Mueller, Ph.D.,

F.R.S., F.L S.
C. J. MuUer.
J. Muller, Arg.
A. Nathorst.
F. Naylor.

Prof. D. OUver, F.R.S., F.L.S.
Eev. E. O'Meara, M.A.
C. H. Peck.
W. PhiUips.
C. Prentice. '
H. Prestoe.

R. A. Pryor, B.A., F.L.S.
W. W. Reeves.
H. Reeks, F.L.8.
Prof. H. G. Reichenbach, fil.

J. Renny.

W. Richardson.

J. F. Robinson.

W. D. Roebuck.

F. C. S. Roper, F.L.S.

J. Sadler.

J. Scott, F.L.S.

W. G. Smith, F.L.S.

F. Stratton, F.L.S.

Rev. G. S. Streatfeild, M.A.

J. T. Boswell Syme, LL.L

F.L.S.
F. Townsend, M.A.
H. Trimen, MB., F.L.S.
R. Trimen, F.L.S.
R. Tucker, M.A,
F. I. Warner, F.L.S.
Hon. J. L. Warren, M.A.

D. A. Watt,

Rev. R. H. Webb, M.A.
fF. Welwitsch, M.D., F.L.S.

E. C. White.

F. Buchanan White. M.D.,
F L S

J. Willis, Ph.D.

W. Wise.

Rev. R. Wood, M..i.

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THE

JOURNAL OF BOTANY,

BEITISH AND FOREIGN.

<0nstnal ^tttdej^.

TOETULA IKCLINATA, Hook. ^ Grw., AS A BBITISH

MOSS.

Bt Heit&t Boswbll.

(Tab. 139.)

Siirci the publication of the list of Oxfordshire Mosses in the
volume of the " Journal of Botany " for 1872, p. 867, in which allusion
was made to the circumstance of Tortula incUnata having been found
for the first time in Britain, twelve months have elapsed without
bringing any notice, as hoped for, of its discovery in any other
locality. Yet it seems very unlikely that a region apparently so
unpromising for Mosses should have to boast of being the only one
in the island in which a certain species is found; and it occurs
to me that possibly a more extended notice, by calling attention
to the subject in a way that the former brief note may have
failed to do, will lead to more careful search and the discovery
of this interesting stranger in some other place, as well as in
more^ complete condition and greater quantity. To facilitate its
recognition by those who may not have descriptions at hand, it will be*
well to give also Schimper's account of it in tjie " Synopsis Muscorum
EuropflBorum," and reproduce his figures from the **Bryologia Euro-
peea.'*

** Barhda incUnata, Schwg. — ^Dioicous ; broadly-tufted, tufts plane,
condensed. Stem short or taller, densely leafy. Leaves elongato-
linear, undulated in the margins, the nerve whitish on the back,
excurrent into a mucro ; the perichaatial longer, narrower, erect, with
a looser areolation. Eruit-stalk fiexuose, often jspirally twisted;
capsule yellowish or fuscous, oemuous, oval-oblong, more or less
incurved and gibbous at the base. Habitat: gravelly and sandy
ground near river-banks, or dry hills and subalpine calcareous
situations. The short stems, rarely attaining an inch in length, the
shorter, broader, and less curving leaves, and the shorter cemuous
capsule readily distinguish it from B, tortuosaJ^ — (Schimp. Synops.,
p. 178.)

Now, although the present species belongs strictly to the group or
section tortuoaa, it must not be inferred from the above remarks that
it at all vies in appearance with T. tortuota, as found in great tufts on
N.s. VOL. 3. L'^^'f^^^Tj 1874.] B

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2 TOBTULA UrCLnrATA A8 A BBinSH MOSS.

limestone rocks and walls in the north and west of England. In fact
the nnfraiting plant far more nearly resembles T. unguietdata in size
and general appearance, and it is as that species that it is liable to be
overlooked, especially on a dry day when the foliage is dry and shrunken.
It is not easy in a few words to point out the characters by which to
distinguish them without magnifying power, but the application of a
pocket lens to a tuft will show that the leaves are quite different in
shape ; eoneavBy and tapering to a point, with an excurrent nerve,
instead of being obtuse and apiculate as in T, unguiculata ; and drying,
too, with a quite different torsion. If these features cannot be
satisfactorily made out, there remains only to bring the doubtful
subject home to the microscope, under which it will be seen that
there is difference enouRrh. The fruit, should it occur, somewhat
more resembles that of T. convoluta.

The Oxfordshire plants differ scarcely at all from others gathered
in the South of Erance, being slightly more dwarfish only. A good
many had female flowers, but no male plants nor capsules could be
found. The locality is a curious one, not at first inspection seeming
likely to detain a botanist long, consisting of a series of old stone
quarries, partly now disused, forming banks and hollows overgrown in
great measure with grass, amongst which are scattered here and
there Campanula glomeratay Gentiana Amarella, Thymm SerpyUumy
and so on ; while in small spaces bare of grass are found several Mosses
of interest besides the usual Torttda unguietdata^ T, fallax, Byp.
luteseens, H. moUuseum, and the like. Here grow Zeptotriehum flexi-
caule and Thuidium ahietinum, in the only spots at present known so
near to Oxford ; and here, in addition to the species immediately under
notice, occur two near allies not previously ascertained to grow in the
region at all, but scattered so sparingly amongst the herbage of the
place that it was only in consequence of the very close search made
for further supplies of the present plant that I found them : all three
might indeed easily be passed over. ,[

Altogether I have now four species to be added to the local list,
and I cannot do better perhaps than conclude this notice with an
enumeration of them.

Trichostomum luridum, Homsoh, (Didymodon.) — In dark,
dwarfish, dense tufts, somewhat resembling Tortula unguietdata ; upon
stones at Headington, Sandford, Cumnor, and Witney. These plants
were very puzzlmg : all had female flowers, but their leaves varied
very considerably in degree of obtuseness and length of nerve. The
baolar areolee are different from those of T, tophaceum^ to the descrip-
tion of which the leaves otherwise nearly approach.

T. crispulum, Br, — K few small tufts found on bare ground
amongst grass at Holton.

Tortula squarrosa. Be Not, — ^Also found at Holton, in hunting for
further supplies of T. inelinata. Nothing but the closest possible
examination of the ground would have detected it ; the stems being
nearly single, scattered throughout some yards of grassy ground.

T. papillosa, Wih, — On Elms at Kennington, and on orchard trees
at Witiiey ; scarce, growing mingled with T, Icevipila*

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KBW AJKJ> LIITL£*jarOWK CAPSrLAB OAXOPHTUOVS LUIACSJC. 3

Dbscriptiom of Tab. 189,
Torttiia indinaUy Hook. & Grev. Figs. A to h, from Oxtodahiie fpeolmeiis
collected bv Mr. Boewell. a. Plants; b, lower leaves; o c, upper leaves; d,
periohaBtial leaf; x, sections of leaves; f, o, h^ leaves showing oell-stnicture.
Figs. 1— ». After Brucli and Schimper " Bryologia EmopaBS, " vol. 2, Barbuia^
t. ziL

ON NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN CAP8XILAB
GAMOPHYLLOUS LILIACKaB.

Bt J. G. Bakxb, r.L.8.

Theoitgh the kindness of M. Alphonse De Candolle I have been
allowed this autumn the loan of the Liliaceous portion of bis herbarium
for leisurely examination and comparison. The capsular gamophyllous
part includes several new species, and authentic examples of some
others, which, for want of fuller information, were misunderstood or
treated imperfectly in my paper on the group in yol. xi. of the
**^ Journal of the Linnean Society," p. 349. I give, therefore, now
descriptions of these novelties, along with those of a few derived ^m
other sources, and a running commentary on the paper in question,
embodying any new synonyms or added mformation which I have re-
ceived from any source whatever. The numbers of the genera are
^ven as they stand in the original paper, and I number the added
species, as has been done in the later editions of the *' London Cata-
logue," so that they may be readily fitted into their proper places in
the series.

2. Hbmebj)oai.xjs.

5. H. DisncHA, Don., is a variety with leaves arranged distich-
ously.

2*. Hbspbbogallis.

1. H. TTWDULATA, A, Gray. — The rootstock turns out to be truly
bulbous, so that the aflinity is with 26, Odontoatemum, and Dr. Gray
has suggested that HesperoedlUdea woiild be a more euphonious name
for tribe 6 than Odontottemonea.

8. Ehiphopia.

4*. K. Macowani, Baker f n.sp. — Folia rigidissima omnium, 12-18
lin. longa, supra basin lj^-2 lin. lata, venis utrinque costam 2-8
valde exsculptis, marginibus distincte denticulatis. Scapus foliis
BubsBquilongus. Racemus densissimus 3-4 pollicaris, expansus 18-21
lin. latus, fioribus infimis valde deflexis. PediceUi brevissimi vix
ultra i lin. longi. Bractess albee lanceolatsQ acutsa 2-3 lin. longae.
Ferianthium flavum vel rubellum, 12-15 lin. longum, supra ovarium
hand constrictum, exsiccatum ore 1^ lin. crassum. Genitalia inclusa.
C.B.S. in graminosis clivis Montis Boschberg, alt. 4500 pedes. Mac-
Owan, 1536 ! A most distinct species, easily recognisable by the
texture, strong vehis, and distinct denticulations of its rigid leaves. Mr.
MacOwan has gathered it in quantity, and I hope will soon introduce
it into cultivation.

6*. K. CAULBSCENS, Baker, Hook. fil. Bot. Mag., t. 5946. — This

B 2

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4 NEW AND LITTLE-KirOWir CAPSTTLAK GAM0PHTLL0U8 LILIACBiB.

has been so fully dealt with lately by Dr. Hooker that it is quite
needless to do more than mention it here. It was discovered by Mr.
Thomas Cooper, in the Stormbergen Mountains, in the province of
Albany, and sent home by him to Mr. Wilson-Saunders, who pre-
sented a plant to Kew, which may now be seen in the New Temperate
House. It is the most distinct of aU the species of this intricate genus,
having a decided stem to the rosette of leaves, like a caulescent Aloe.
The leaves are the broadest of all the known species, and very glau-
cous, and the stamens and style are exserted from the perianth from
a quarter to half an inch.

7*. K. ScHiMPEEi, Bakery n.sp. — ^Folia 1-l^pedalia arun-
dinacea, laevia, supra basin 4-6 lin. lata, venis tenuibus immersis
obscuris utrinque costam 6-8, marginibus IsBvibus. Scapus l-lj-
pedalis. Eacemus laxissimus omnium ^-1. pedalis, expansus 21-
24 lin. latus, 16-30-florus. Pedicelli 1-1^ lin. longi. Bracteas
lanceolatsB acuminatae 3-4 lin. longsB. Perianthium valde
curvatum, ssepissime flavum, interdum rubellum, 12-15 lin. longum,
supra ovarium distincte constrictum, ore exsiccatum 2-2^ lin. latum.
Genitalia diutine inclusa. Abyssinia, prov. Tigre vel Begember.
8chimper, 1200 of his recently distributed gatherings of 1863-8!
Marked at a. glance from all the other species by its long lax raceme.

8*. K. POLiosA, Hochst in Schimp. PL Abyss. Exsic, no. 1003.
— ^Folia ignota. Racemus densissimus ad pedem longus, expansus 1^-2
poll, longus, floribus infimis valde deflexis. Pedicelli 1^-2 lin. longi.
BractesB durse oblongo-lanceolatae subobtussB 3 lin. longae. Perianthium
flavumvel rubellum, 9-11 lin. longum, supra ovarium constrictum,
exsiccatum ore 2 J- 3 lin. latum, dentibus deltoideis 1 lin. longis.
Genitalia omnia exserta. Stylus ex perianthio demum 5-6 lin. exsertus.
Abyssinia. Schimper in Herb. Candollei I May perhaps prove to be
identical with K. Quartiniana, A Eich.

10*. K. COMOSA, -Bro<?A«^., in Schimp. PI. Abyss. Exsic, no. 401. —
Folia pedalia vel sesquipedalia, supra basin 4-6 lin. lata, arundinacea
IflBvia, venis utrinque costam 10-12, marginibus integris. Scapus 1^-3-
pedalis. Eacemus densissimus, 3-6 poll, longus, floriferus expansus
18-21 lin. latus, floribus inferioribus valde deflexis. Pedicelli J-1 lin.
longi. Bracteae lanceolatse acutae 2-3 lin. longee. Perianthiuiii flavum
vel rubrum anguste infundibuliforme 6-7 lin. longum, supra ovarium
distincte constrictum, ore exsiccatum 2-2^ lin. latum. Genitalia
omnia exserta, staminibus longioribus vel stylo demum perianthio vix
brevioribus. Abyssinia. Schimper, 401 in Herb. Candollei, and nos.
1145 and 1192 of 1863-8, sent from the provinces of Tigr^ and Be-
gember. Yery n^zi pumila of the Cape, from which it d^ers mainly
by its narrower leaves and smaller bracts.

12*. K. POEPHTiflLNTHA, BaheVy n.sp. — ^Folia 1-lJ-pedalia, arun-
dinacea, supra basin 4-5 lin. lata, laevia, venis perspicuis utrinque
costam 6-8, marginibus integris. Scapus 1^-2-pedalis. Eacemus
densissimus bipollicaris, expansus 21-24 lin. latus, floribus deflexis.
Pedicelli brevissimi. Bracteae albae lanceolatae acuminatae 3-4 lin.
longae. Perianthium purpureum, nullo mode rubellum, tubulosum,
12-15 lin. longum, supra ovarium baud constrictum, ore exsiccatum
1^ lin. latum. Genitalia diutine inclusa. C.B.S. in ditione ** Orange

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NEW AKD MTTLB-KirOWK CAPSXTLAB QAM OPHTLLOT78 LILIACEJB. 5

Free State." Cooper, 3207 ! 8208 ! Perhaps nearest aarmentosay from
which it differs by its very short pedicels, longer purple flowers, and
included stamens.

8. AjroKOSTEPHIUM.

1*. A. BRETiFLOEUM, ,8er, Wats,y Amer. Nat., May, 1873, p. 7. —
Scapus semipedalis. IJmbellaB 4-7 florae, pedicellis 6-15 lin. longis.
Perianthium violaceum, 6-7 lin. longum, segmentis lanceolatis tube
campanulato subaequilongis. Corona 3-linearis. Capsula globoso-
triquetra. Utah meridionalis et Arizona borealis. Mrs. E. P. Thomp-
son. More robust than violaeeumy with smaller flowers. Bulb escu-
lent.

12. MiLLA.

2, M. BiPLOHA, Cav. — This appears, judging from the description,
to be the plant described by 8. Schauer, Linnaea 19, p. 702,
TValp. Ann, i., 865, as a new genus, under the name of Diphalan-
gium.

21*. M. vioLACEA, Baker. — IViteleia violaceuy Kunth Enum.,
iv., 468. — ^Folia 5-6 anguste linearia glabra camoso-herbacea
1-lJ-pedalia 1^-2 lin. lata. Scapus debilis foliis subaequilongus.
Valv8B spathsB 21anceolat8B 12-15 lin. longsB deorsum connatSB. Um-
bellae 4-6-flor8B, pedicellis 9-12 lin. longis. Perianthium violaceum
infundibuliforme, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis 3 lin. latis tubo
campanulato 3-4-plo longioribus. Stamina in tubo biseriata, flla-
mentis linearibus 3 lin. longis. Stylus filiformis 4 lin. longus
ovario superans. Chili. Bertero, 290 ! in Herb CandoUeL Gardima
violaeeay Bertero MSS., Vulgo " Mapolita." On view of type speci-
mens I find this is distinct from hivdkisy to which I joined it,
though very nearly allied. It has a larger flower, with a longer
style and narrower filaments.

13. Massonia.

7*. M. (EuMASsoiriA) Schlechtbndalii, Baker^ n.sp. — M. seabra
Schlect. in Herb. Caud. non Andrews. — Bulbus ovoideus 8-9 lin.
erassus. Folia 2 camoso-herbacea obovato-spathulata acuta glabra
2-3 poll^longa 1-lJpolLlata, facie pus-tulis duris seabra, marginibus
nullo modo ciliatis. Corymbus sessilis 10-1 2-floru8, bracteis exterioribus
oblongo-spathulatis acutis 6-9 lin. longis. Pedicelli 2-3 lin. longi.
Perianthium album 8 lin. longum, segmentis patentibus anguste
ligulatis' tubo aequilongis. Filamenta alba, segmentis aequilonga,
ad basin filiformia. Caput Bonae Spei, Schlechtendal in Herb. DC. !

25*. M. (Polyxena) odorata, HooL fil , Bot. Mag., t. 5891.^ —
A well-marked new species, sent by Dr. Arnott to Kew Gardens from •
the province of Colesberg.

16. DiPCADI.

1. D. serotinum:, var, pitlvum. — Add as synonym Hyacinthm
sulphuretMf Poir., Kunth. Enum iv., 305.

8. D. MOiTTAifXTM, Baker, — The plant figured by Wight, Icones,
t. 2064, as Urginea eoromandelina turns out to be this, not the true
SciUa eoromandelina of Roxburgh, which is really an Urginea.

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6 new auv little-known capsvlab gamophylloits uliacba.

17. Lacfenaxia.

3. L. TBiooLOH, Tkimh, — L, lutea, Lindl. Gkird. Chron. 1856,
404, 1872, t. 109— Z. aurea, Florist, t. 265 — ^is a fourth variety of
this species with deep orange-yellow flowers.

14. L. pusTULATA, Jacq. — Z. pyramiddis^ Dehn. Walp. Ann. i.,
853 — appears, judging from the description, to be a synonym.

16*. L. CAMPANTJLATA, BokeVy u.sp. — Folium solitarium teres car-r
noso-herbaceum glabrum, basin scapi arete cingens, \\ pollicare,
basi 1^ lin crassum, ad apicem sensim attenuatum. Scapus bipoUi-
caris. Bacemus densus pollicaris lO-12-florus expansus 6-7 lin. latus.
Pedicelli erecto-patentes, infimi 1 lin..longi, bracteis minutis deltoideis.
Perianthium coccineum campanulatum 1^-2 lin. longum, segmentis
subsequilongis, stylo longe exserto. C.B S., in lapidosis summi
Montis Boschberg. MacOwan, 1836 ! Allied only to oonvallarioides
and Zeyheriy from which the characters given will readily separate it.

19. MUSCABI.

12, Add to synonyms of M. raeemomm, M. acutilohumj Bert. Nov.
Comm. Bon. v., 431, "Walp. Ann. i., 856.

17d. M. PABADoxiTM, JT. JTocjA., LiuuflBa 22, 253 — Hyacinthua
paradoxuRj Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. i., 30, non Baker. — Bulbus par-
vus ovoideus tmncatus. Folia 2 lorata camoso-herbacea glabra 5-6 poll,
longa 1^2 lin. lata ad basin attenuata venis immersis. Scapus
gracilis foliis paulo brevier. Bacemus densus pollicaris expansus
8-9 lin. latus. Pedicelli patentes inflmi 1 lin. longi. Bractcse
minuted deltoidese. Perianthium saturate csBmleum subglobosum
2 lin. longum, ore lato, dentibus minutis deltoideis. Stamina in tubo
biseriata,antheris minutis. Chiriel. Szovits, inHeri). DC, from Fischer
and Meyer. Upon view of a type specimen I see that I have quite
misunderstood this from the brief description, and that it has nothing
to do with BellevalUa flexuosa.

17*. M. LiNGiTLATUM, Boker^ n.sp.' — ^Bulbus ovoideus 6-9 lin.
craesus. Folia 2-3 synanthia angu^ lingulata camoso-herbacea
glabra 2^ poll, longa, supra medium 3-4 lin. lata, marginibus nullo
modo ciliatis. Sci^us 2j-3-pollicari8, supine livide esoroleus. Bace-
mus densus subspicatus 20-30-florus 8-10 lixi. kngus, expansus h-^
Hn. latus. Pedicelli brevissimi vel subnulli, bracteis obsoletis.
Perianthium cseruleum subglobosum 1 J lin. longum, ore t^erto, denti-
bus minutis deltoideis. Stamina prope faucem tubi biseriata. Asia
Minor. Aucher Eloy, 5398 ! Midway between hotryoides and Aucheri.

21. Dbimia.

In Bot. Bemerk., p. 1 14, Presl has placed all the species given by
Kunth under Idothea under a new genus, which he constitutes under
the name of Idothearia,

11*. D. HTACiNTHOiDES, Baker ^ n.sp. — ^Folia hysteranthia ignota.
Scapus lJ-2-pedalis strictus fragilis rubellus glaber. Bacemus flori-
ferus 3-4 poll, longus, 1 J-2 poll, latus, supeme densus, infeme laxus,
pedicellis ascendentibus 6-15 lin. longus. BractesB ligulatae membra-
naceae rubell» 2-3 lin. longse, basis dorso longe calcaratae. Perianthium
campanulatum rubrum 3-4 lin. longum segmentis ovato-oblongis imbri-

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ITEW AND UTTLE-KNOWN CAPSULAR eAMOFHTLLOUS LHJAOEJfi. 7

catis planis l^-li^ lin. latis tubo campanulato ssquilongis. Genitalia
inclusa nuUo modo declinata. Stamina ex apice tubi nniseriata, fila-
mentis lanceolatis albis antberis luteis oblongis 1 lin. longis breviori-
bus. Stylus filifonnis oyario sequilongus. . C B.S. in convallibns
umbrosis prope Grahamstown. MacOwan 1465 ! A very distinct
species, receding irom Drimia towards Hyacinthus by its broad flat
periantb-segments and sbort straight stamens.

22. HTAdNTHUS.

11. H. DALMATicus, BokeTf proves to have been earlier pub-
lished, curiously under the same specific name, by Fischer and Meyer,
Ind. Sem. Petrop. 1846, p. 71.

6. H. AMETHrsTDors, L, — Under this are included the following
species of Jordan and Fourreau's Icones, viz , pyrerums^ tab. 237 ;
montanus, tab. 238 ; pdHidiflorm^ tab. 239, and cmvulusy tab.
240.

13*. H. (Bellevallia) exsculptfs, Baker ^ n.sp. — ^Bulbus globosus
6-8 lin. crassus. Folia 2 opposita basin scapi longe cingentia patula
lanceolata undulata firma 1^2 poll, longa medio 4-6 Im. lata venis
valde exsculptis primariis 6-8 marginibus distincte ciliatis. Scapus
bipollicaris foliis prope medium patulis. Eacemus dense capitatus
deltoideus 6-10-florus 6-8 lin. longus. Pedicelli subnulli, bracteis
obsoletis. !^erianthium tubulosum 4 lin. longum Ij^ lin. crassum
siccitate fuscum dentibus deltoideis tubo quadrupk) brevioribus.
Stamina ex fauce tubi uniseriata, antheris caeruleis fiiamentis lineari-
bus aequilongis. Asia Minor inter Aleppo et Mossul. Olivier ! in
Herb. CandoUei. Closely allied to H, sessilijlorus.

13*. H. (Bellbvaxlia) Hatnei, Baker. — Bulbus ovoideus 6-8 lin.
crassus. Folia 2 basin scapi arete cingentia opposita linearia falcata
3-4 poll, longa 2-3 lin. lata acuminata rigide subcoriacea venis dorso
valde exsculptis, facie glabra, margine minute ciliata, dorso dimidio
inferiore pilis hispidis fuscis dense setulosa. Scapus gracilis glaber
2-3-pollicaris. Bacemus subspicatus 1-1^ pollicaris expansus 4-5 lin.
latus. Pedicelli brevissimi erecto-patentes vel subnulli. Bracteae
minutse deltoideae. Perianthium 2 lin. longum saturate ceeruleum,
segmentis ovato-deltoideis tubo oblongo J lin. orasso 3-4-plo brevioribus.
Stamina ex fauce tubi uniseriata fiiamentis brevissimis complanatis
antjieris oblongis caeruleis. Moab, in Wady Zerka Main. Hayne. A
pretty little plant, intermediate between sesstlifloruh and Jmpidus^ with
the dense subspicate flowers of the former and bristly leaves of the
latter. One of the few novelties gathered on the Moab expedition,
of the botany of which the late Mr. Hayne, so untimely lost to sciencey
gave an account in our pages.

16*. H. (Bellevallia) pebbicus, Boiss, Sf Buhse, Auf. Transc. p.
213. — ^Bulbus ovoideus magnus tunicis fusco-cinerascentibus. FoHa
bina flaccida linearia canaliculata flexuosa 2-3 poll, longa 1^ lin. lata.
Scapus gracilis flexuosus foliis SBquilongus. Bacemus oorvmbosus 6-8-
florus.. pedicellis strictis demum periantho aoquilongis. Braotese
nainutsB deltoidesB. Perianthium caropanulatum csBruleo-violaceum: 3
lin. longum lobis brevibus oblongis. Filamenta medio tubi inserta,

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8 RULE FOB DBTBCmrO 8PIBAL ABRAK&EMBKT.

deorsum dilatata, antheris ovatis violaceis. Persia borealis prope
Mendschil. Buhse.

20*. H. (Bbllbvallia) sybzacits, Bahr-^BellevaUia syriaca, Her-
bert Bot. Reg. 1844 Misc., p. 89. — Folia plura glauca lanceolata
subpedalia 5-6 lin. lata subacuta glabra margine scaberula. Scapus
5-10-pollicaris supeme purpurascens. Pedicelli floriferi erecto-
patentes, infimi 8-lin. longi. BracteaB minutsB deltoideae bilobse.
Periantbiuin 6 lin. longum, tubo pallide ceeroleo segmentis sub-
albescentibns apice subrufescentibns seqnilongo. Filamenta alba basi
complanata, antheris fusco-purpureis. Ex Oriente (loco speciaU
ignoto). Fox-Strangways in Hort. Herbert. Perhaps not distinct
from romcmus.

22** H. (Bbllbvallia) Oliviebi, Baker, n.sp. — Bulbus ovoideus
lJ-2 poll, crassus. Folia 8-4 basin scapi longe cingentia supeme
falcata, oblongo-lanceolata camoso-herbacea semipedalia acuta, medio
15-21 lin. lata, marginibns callosis ciliis distinctis patuHs vel deflexis
prsBditis. Scapns semipedalis, ad basin racemi 3 lin. crassus. Kacemus
20-30-florus, floriferus 2-3 poll, longus li poll, latus, sursum densus,
deorsum laxns, pediceUis inferioribus cemuis 3-4 lin. longis, centra-
libus ascendentibus. Bractese minutsB deltoidese. Perianthium
tubulosum 5'5jf lin. longum, li Hn. crassum, siccitate fuscum,
dentibus oblongo-deltoideis tubo triple brevioribus. Stamina ex fauce
uniseriata, filamentis linearibus 1 lin. longis. In valle flominis
Tigris inter Mossul et Bagdat. Olivier in Herb. DC.

23*. H. (Bbllbvallia) oapitatus. Baker, n.sp. — Bulbus ovoideus
9-10 lin. crassus. Folia bina, basin scapi amplectentia lorata falcata
camoso-herbacea 3-3^ poll, longa 6-8 lin. lata, venis immersis, apice
deltoideis leviter cucullatis, marginibus minute ciHatis. Scapus 3
poUicaris rectus modice crassus. Eacemus subspicatus dense capitatus
15-20-flora8 9-10 lin. longus, 7-8 lin. latus. BracteaBobsoletae. Perian-
thium tubulosum 8-3^ lin. longum, 1^ lin. crassum, siccitate fuscum
segmentis ovato-deltoideis tubo triple brevioribus. Stamina ad faucem
uniseriata, filamentis lanceolatis, antheris minutis oblongis csemleo-
purpureis. Ex Oriente (loco speciali ignoto). Olivier! in Herb. DC.

24*. H. PABADOXFS, Baker, non Fiseh, Sf Meyer. — Must now be
called ^.^oTMO^tM, Baker.

26. H. ciLiATirs. — Add synonym H. patulus, Bert. Nov. Comm.
Acad. Bon. v., 430, Walp. Ann. i., 854.

28. H. OLAUcus, Baker, — Add synonym E. purpureue, Griffith
Icones, t. 275, Notul», p. 242.

ELEMENTARY PROOF OF THE RTILE FOR DETECTING

SPIRAL ARRANGEMENT.

ByF. E. KircHBiTBB, F.L.S..

Whbk the subject of spiral arrangements is taken in our text-books,
the rules by which an intricate spiral arrangement can be detected by
means of the approximating secondary spirals are given without any
demonstration.

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RITLB FOR DBTECmrO SPIRAL ARRANGBMElTr.

Perhaps some particular spiral is drawn, and the rules are shown
to be true in this instance, and the learner is forced to make his
induction from a simple instance.

The following proof seems to ine capable of comprehension by an
intelligent learner, and it has the advantage of showing how far the
rules depend on the spirals found in nature belonging to the particular
series of fraction ^, J, |, as distinguished from any other.

The rules generally given are : — Detect two leaves, (c) and (n),
nearly above the leaf from which you start (a) ; count the number
of leaves from ▲ to c, and those from a to d ; these two added together
will give you the denominator of the fraction expressing! the funda-
mental spiral you are seeking, while the less of these two numbers
gives you its numerator.

The student is then shown satisfactorily how to count the leaves
from A to by the number of parallel secondary spirals, but the
original rule is generally left as an article of faith.

I propose to prove that in any spiral, whether in
the natural series i^, J, f, &c., or in any other :

1. The sum of the number of coils between a and
c, and between a and n, gives the numerator of the
fundamental fraction.

2. The sum of the number of leaves between a
and c, and between a and d, gives its denominator.

Let B be the unknown leaf exactly above a. d is
by supposition the leaf which is most approximately
above a to the right without being actually above it ;
similarly b is the leaf which is most approximately
above c without being exactly above it * ; moreover
it diverges to the right of c, just as b diverges to the
right of A. Hence b has the same position with
respect to c that d has with respect to a, and, since
by supposition the spiral is uniform, the number of
leaves and of coile between c and b is the same as the
number between a and n.

Hence in either case, leaves or coils, to count from ▲ to o, and then
from A to D, is the same as to count from a to c and then from o to b,
that is, to count the whole way from a. to b.

Hence the sum of the numbers of coils from a to c and from a
to n is the number of coils from a to b, or the numerator of the
fundamental fraction sought.

And the sum of the numbers of leaves from a to c and from a to n
(not inclusive) is the number of leaves from a to b (not inclusive), and
therefore gives the denominator of the fundamental fraction.

It should, then, be noticed that in the series ^, i, i, f , each
numerator (after the first two) is the same as the denominator of the
last fraction but one, or of the less approximating of the two con-

* Note. — If this be doubted, suppose that some other leaf between A and b is
more nearly above c to the right tiian b, then this new leaf would be more
nearly above a to the left than c is, and therefore c would not be the leaf most
nearly above a diverging to the left which we supposed it to be.

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10 ON THB FLOIU OF TUB ENYIEONS OF BBADFOBD.

verging aecondary spirals, and hence the trouble of counting the coils
may be avoided.

This simplification is, however, not true of other series occasionally
found, i, ^y T, A, A, for instance, and therefore the blind following of
this part of the ordinary rule is to be deprecated, inasmuch as it fails
to be true if the branch examined should vary from the ordinary
spiral.

ON THE FLOEA OF THE ENVIRONS OF BRADFORD.
By John Willis, Ph.D.

{Portion of a Paper read at the Meeting of the British Association j
September IHth, 1873 )

In ascending from the level of the Exchange to the summit of
Rombalds Moor, we rise nearly a thousand feet. At the lowest point
a dwarf Bamboo or a hardy Palm may survive the winter in our
gardens; but the Laurustinus is not found in our shrubberies, and
even the common Cherry-Laurel scarcely can be said to thrive.
Deciduous trees, however, clothe the sides of the valleys wherever
they have been left undisturbed by the hand of man. On the elevated
table-land, on the contrary, the eye would search in vain for any
solitary plant rising above the Heather or the Crowberry.

Besides the change in the character of the vegetation which we
perceive in changing our level, and which appears to depend
on change of temperature, we have to consider that which we
observe on passing from the vicinity of the town either to the
mountain-limestone regions on the west, or to the magnesian lime-
stone on the east. That much of this last-named diversity is due to
geological causes cannot be doubted ; but we must at the same time
bear in mind that when we proceed eastwards we soon descend upon
a warmer, more cultivated plain, and that a journey to the west of no
great length places us under the genial influence of air warmed by the
Gulf Stream.

To bring more clearly into view the characteristic features of the
limestone flora, two lists are given as appendices to this paper, one
containing the names of all the plants (as described in Babington's
** Manual") which have been found on the clays and grits of the
immediate neighbourhood of Bradford, the other those plants which
have only been met with in one or the other of the limestone regions.
It is not pretended that these lists are complete. Some genera, as
Euhus and Hieracium, require further study, and many plants must
have been overlooked, especially in the more remote districts. At the
same time it is doubtful whether the most careful search would fill up
all the lacunae which a glance at these pages discovers, many of which
must strike with astonishment anyone who has been accustomed to
the sunny South. I do not remember to have found in this part of
the country, except in a state of cultivation, any of the following
generaand species : — Myosurus^ Malva rotundifolia^ Geranium pusilkimy
JErodiuniy Onobrychds^ Pyrtts Aria, Scleranthm, Cotyledon, u^opodium,

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OK THB FLORA OT THE SlfTIBONS OF BBABFOSD. 11

Vihumum Lantana^ Aaperula eynanchiea, Centaurea Cyaums^ Ciekornmiy
Picria, Helmtnthia, Campanula UPrachehumy Cuscutay Eehium, Soianum
nigrum, Orohancke, Salvia, CaUmdntha officinalis, €. Acinos, Oalesp$it
Ladmum, Lynmachia Nitmmularia, Euphorbia amygdahide», Cerato^
pkjfllum, Carpinus, SpirantheB, Iri% fcetidimma, Acorua.

On making a summary of the species which do appear in the
appended lists, I find that they amount to 607 out of lie 1707 of
Babington's ^^ Manual,"and that 144 of these are^plants which have only
been found in the limestone regions. Confining our attention to the
less rare plants — for no argument can be founded on the absence of a
rarity — we observe with especial interest a number of species which
are commonly found in Craven, on the one hand, or near Ponte&act or
Askem on the other, or in both of these districts, but which are rarely
or never seen in the neighbourhood of Bradford. Of these we may
mention in particular, as characteristic of the Craven district, AroHs
kirsuia, StBymhrium tJuUianum, Draha mwralis, D. verna, Viola luUOj
Alsin0 verna, 8piraa FUipendula, Pinguumla vulgaris, Primula
farinoM, Juniperua communis, Sesleria carulea, Kceleria cristata,
CystopUris fragiUs, Asplenium viride. As distinctive of the
Askem flora we may note Reseda hdea, R, Zuteola, Viola odorata,
Hippuris vulgaris, Bryonia dioiea, CEnanthe fisiulosa, Conium
maculatum, HoUonia palustris, Samolus, Stimulus, Orchis Morio,
Colchicum autumnale, Hordeum murinum. Finally, as alike dis-
tinguishing both these regions from the Bradford district, we
have Helianthemum vulgar e, Maha Syhestris, Poterium Sanguisorha,
OaUum verum, Scabiosa Columbaria^ Primula veris, Ophrys musci/era.
Most of these, except the water plants, probably require a limestone
soil to enable them to maintain tiieir ground ; and the eame may be
said of several species which are only occasionally met with in one or
both of the limestone areas, as Clematis Vitalba, Anemone Pulsatilla^
AetcML spieafa, Hypericum Mrsutum, Rhamnus oatharticus, Melilotus
<fjiicinalis, Galium Mollugo, Carlina vulgaris, Carduus nutans. Cam-
panula glomerata, Chlora perfoliata, Orchis usttdata, 0, pyrami-
daUs, Ophryjs apifera, Cow»allaria majalie, Polypodium oalcareum,
Ceterach officinarum. But to account for the absence from the neigh-
bourhood of Bradford of such plants as Sottonia, Hydroeharis^
Utrieularia, and the Water Lilies, we have only to observe that,
instead of the deep pools or well-filled ditches in which these plants
live, we have here only streams which partake more" or less of the
cdiaracter of mountain torrents.

To determine with regard to every particular plant which is found
on the limestone, but not on the millstone grit or the coal measures,
the reason for its preference of one region to the other, would require
a more extensive investigation than can be undertaken here; but
there can be Utile doubt that one result of such an inquiry would be
to show that in many if not in most cases the preference is not for
limestone as a chemical substance, but as a substance possessing those
physical properties (the eflPects probably of chemical action) which
constitute the difierenoe between a warm, dry soil and a damp, cold
one.

MooBS. — The highest parts of the moors are mainly occupied by

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12 ON THE FLORA OF THE EITTIRONS OF BBADFORD.

plants of a low degree of organisation, the only exceptions being the
Ericaceae, The stones and lie soil alike are covered with Lichens
and Mosses. Among the former are many species of Lecidea (including
L, geogra/phioa in occasional patches) and varieties of Cladonia^ Scypho-
phorus^ and Parmelia, Numerous species of Jungfirmannia also form
moss-like tufts. Various Cyperacea and Juneacea compete with the
Cryptogamia and JSrieacea^ and sometimes one plant, sometimes
another, gets such advantage in the struggle as to obtain exclusive
possession of considerable tracts. Few Graminea, if any, are en-
countered on these high grounds, their place being taken by the so-
called Bent {Junous squarrosus) and by Cotton-Grass {Eriophorum
vaginatum). On descending a little, however, we come upon mat-like
tufts of Nard/ui strietaj and this plant, with Festuca ovina, the diminu-
tive Atra pracox, and an Agroitia or twoi ultimately takes possession
of large portions of the surface, to the exclusion of all competitors.
In the depressions, where the common Sphagnum and Polytrichum take
the place of the other Mosses, and the Calluna and Erica cinerea yield
to Eriea Tetralix^ Juneus 8^uarrosu8 is replaced by c/l eonglomeratus^
J, effiMUSf and other species, Eriophorum vaginatum by E, angustifolium^
and the Mat-Grass hj Molinia carulea. Instead of Vaocinium Myrtillus
and F". Vitis-idaa^ in like manner, we find, trailing on the Sphagnum
in company with Droaera rotundifoliay the grstceful Vaccinium
Oxycoccos, Here, too, may sometimes be seen EUooharis acicularis
and Carex pulioariSf and, contending with the Heather on all sides, an
abundance of Empetrum nigrum. Where the water collects in still
greater quantity, so as to form little ponds, the surface of the latter is
often covered with Fotamogeton natans^ and the margin is fringed here
with Myosotis palmtris, there with Equisetum limoaum^ or with the
spikes of Nartheciumy or with a mossy bed on which trails the delicate
AnagalUs tenella or the Hyd/rocotyle, If we follow one of the nume-
rous rivulets or gills which descend on all sides from this high region,
we shall at first be struck with the continued predominance of Crypto-
gams. The stones in the bed of the stream are green and purple with
luxuriant tresses of Jungermannia. In addition to the Mosses found near
the stagnant pools, we have now dense masses of Bartramia ; and
the fronds of Lastrea Oreopieris, Blechnum horeale^ and Athyrium EHix-
foemina attract our admiration. But suddenly, as if to startle us by
the contrast, there appears, nestling in a rocky cleft at our feet, and
standing as it were a sentinel above the forest trees in the wood
below, the hardy but elegant Rowan-tree (Pyrw« Aueuparia), not an
unworthy herald of the gnarled Oak, the feathery Ash, the flowing
Beech, or the drooping Wych-Elm ( Ulmus montana). We have now
only a narrow belt of Gorse and Brake ( Ulex europatu and Fteris
aquilina) between us and the upland pastures.

Pastukbs.— Continuing our descent, we come, before entering the
wood, upon groups of farm-buildings, surrounded, not by planations
of Conifer a^ but by rather fine trees of Sycamore {Acer Paeudo-pla-
tanus). The lanes which connect these farms are gay with flowers
throughout the summer months. Here grow Tri/olium minusy Poten-
tilla Tormentillay Galium saxatiUy Arenaria serpylli/olia, and Polygala
vulgarii. Here, too, and in the surrounding fields we welcome the

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ON THB FLOBA' OF THB BNVIBOKS OF BUADFORD. 13

appearance of Rhinanthu8 Criata-gallty JEuphraaia offieinaltB^ Veronica
officinalis^ PruneUay Campanula rotundifoliay Linum catharticumy and
Hieradum Filosella, To the Graminea previously found we have now
to add Anthoxanthumf Air a Jlexuosa, Air a caspitosa, and Holcus
lanatus^ to the Juncaeea, Luzula campestris and Z. multiflora ; to the
Cyperacea numerous Cariees, including |?r^^oa:, glaucayflava^ itellulata,
and ovalis ; and to the Cryptogams, Zastrea Filix-maSj L. dilatatay and
Kquisetum sykaticum. We may hope even to fall in with Gentiana
^marelUiy Hahenaria viridis^ Ophioglosium^ and Botryehium. The way-
side streamlet, moreover, furnishes Itanunculus hederaceus, R. Flam-
mula, Cardamine pratensis, Stellaria uliginosa, Montiay (Jhrysosplmium
oppositifoliumj Veronica Becc'ahunga^ and occasionally V, scuteUata.

Woods. — In February,before the snow is well off the ground, some
-woodland deU is made bright by the bells of the Snowdrop (Oalanthus).
During the following month the Sallow {Salix caprea) and the Hazel,
-with the less conspicuous Mercuridlis perennis, reign supreme, until
they are eclipsed by Anemone nemorosa. The Jungermannia and other
Hepatiea are now thrusting up their sporangia on the side of every
dripping bank or rocky wall. From these our attention may be
attracted by Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus, But it is in the month of
May, when the Apple-tree is in blossom, that these wooded glens
afford the greatest attractions to* the admirer of floral beauty. As we
stroll along the bottom of the glen, we are drawn by the white
l>lossoms'of Stellaria Holostea or Asperula odorata^ mingled with the
blue of Myosotis syhatica and the red of Lychnis diurna, by beds of
Stellaria nemorum and Allium ursinum, alternating with the purple
spikes of Orchis mascula, with the gorgeous yellow of Caltha, or with
the pale primrose of Primula vulgaris, or by an unbroken sheet of
deep blue formed by myriads of cjosely-packed racemes of Endymion
nutans f which appears to be nowhere more at home than in a Yorkshire
-wood. On proceeding,up the glen, trampling under foot such plants
as Geum rivale, Oxalis, Lysimaohia nemorum, and Adoxa, or the less
attractive Stachys syhatica or Galeohdolon, Zathyrus macrorhkus,
Sanicula, and Bunium, and thrusting aside the canes of the Kaspberry
(JSmIus Idaus), or the boughs of Maple {Acer oampestre), Birch {Betula
alba), or Alder — the Yorkshire ** EUer " — we may stumble upon that
cadaverous-looking parasite, Za^Ar(»a squamaria, or fall in with Rhamnus
Frangula or JEuonymus europaus, and can hardly fail to find, near the
dark foliage, it may be, of the Holly {Ilex), the bright racemes of
the Bird-Cherry {Prunus Padus), even if we overlook the singular
Paris, or such unobtrusive plants as Rushes, Grasses, and Ferns, among
which Zuzula pilosa, Z. syhatica, Melioa uniflora, Milium, and above
all Dryopteris, Phegopteris,.aj[id Polystiohum aculeatum, deserve some-
thing more than a passing glance. If we choose the month of August
for our visit, the plants which chiefly strike the eye will be Hyperi-
cum pulchrum, Angelica syhestris, JEpilohium hirsutum, Spiraa
Ulmaria, Lonicera Periclymenum, Digitalis, Melampyrum pratense, and
Phalaris arundinacea, with occasional patches of Corydalis clavieulata^
(Enanthe crocata, Festuca gigantea, and Bromus asper. In the late
autumn, finally, we shall have our attention riveted by the red berries of
Viburnum Opulus and Tamus commiunis, and shall find a multitude of Fungi.

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14 ON THB FLOEiL 07 THS BmnfiOlTS OF BB^DFOBD.

Mbabows akb Hedobbows. — In such situations may be found
(besides many of those before named^ tatil many more which
occur in all parts of the country under like conditions) Stellaria
graminedj 8a/rothamnu8y Genista tinctorial Sanguitorha, Alchemilla
vulgaris J Galium cruciatum, Scahiosa suocisa^ and Polygonum Bistorta,
The following plants are remarkably frequent : — Lathyrus pratenaisy
Veronica Chamcbd/rys^ Ajuga r&ptamy Peddcularis sylvaUca, Ikssilago,
Centaur ea nigra, Jtnautia arveneis, Eumex aeetosa, and i2. AcetoseUa.

Stbeams Aim Pools. — In the water of its ditches, rivers, and
ponds, or on their banks, the district we are considering possesses but
few plants which can be regarded as characteristic. Of the genus
Salix it has, besides commoner species, ' S. pentandra and S. Helix.
Alnus and Populus nigra abound, as do the following herbaceous
plants : — Geranium pratensey Barharem vulgaris, Linaria wdgarisy Vicia
Cracca, Campanula latifoUa, Petasites, Tragopogon, Myrrhis, Glyceria
aquatica. In some places that recent intruder Anackaris Alsinastrum
has obtained a firm footing, and one reservoir abounds in LittoreUa
lacustris. On the other hand, Lysimackia vulgaris is absent, and
Lyihrum Saliearia a rarity. Populus alba is also rarely seen, and we
look in vain for Populus tremula,

CoBNFiELDS. — OuT com-lauds also present little that is character-
istic — ^less, probably, from any peculiarity in the climate than from their
comparative infrequency. Some cultivators grow plentiful crops of
Spergula arvensis, and the lands of others are white with Matricaria
inodora and Baphanus, yellow with Sinapis arvensis, red with Papaver
BTuBos, or blue with Viola tricolor, l?he genera Euphorbia, Cheno-
podium^ and Atriplex are represented, if not by numerous species, at
least by many individuals. We only occasionally meet with Chrysan-
themum segetum, Lithospermum arvense, and Veronica Buxhaumii, and
very rarely with Borago and Camelina.

No account is here taken of the difference between the flora of the
coal measures and that of the millstone grit. My observations have
been too limited to enable me to make such a comparison with any
confidence in the correctness of the result. This branch of the sub-
ject is, however, to be commended to future inquirers, along with an
inquiry into the deficiencies of the limestone flora.

APPENDICES.

Note, — In both appendices the rarer plants are enclosed thus ( — ) ;
if a plant has not been found growing by the writer it is enclosed
thus [— ].

I. Plaitcs Found in Bbadfobd Distbict.

Note, — The letter W denotes that the plant to the name of which
it is appended occurs in the Yalley of the Wharfe, bordering on the
limestone, or in a similar position in Airedale. Plants concerning
which it is doubtful whether they should be included in the list are
printed in italics.

Thalictrum minus W ; Anemone nemorosa ; Eanunculus aquatilis.

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OlfT THX VLOBJL OV THI KlTTIBOirS Of BBASFOBD. 15

hederaceus, Flammnla, Ficaria, anricomusy aoris, rep^is, bulbofOf ,
Bceleratus, arvensis ; Caliha-palustris ; (Eranthis W) ; Aeonitum W.
Papaver Ehoeas. Gorydalis claviculata; Fumaria capreolata, offioi-
nalis. (Cheirantbus W) ; Kastnrtiam officinale ; Barbarea vulgaris ;
Arabis birduta W ; Cardamine sylyatica, birsuta, pratensis, amara ;
Hesperis W ; Sisymbrium officinale ; Alliaria ; Brassica Kapus ;
Sinapis nigra, arvensis ; Draba vema W ; Cocblearia officinalis W ;
(Camelina) ; Lepidium campestre ; Capsella ; EaphanusRapbanifitrum.
Viola palustris, (odorata), canina, tricolor. Drosera rotun<Hfolia ; Far-
nassia W. Polygala. Silene inflata ; Lycbnis Flos-cuculi, vespertina,
diuma, (Gitbago); Sagina procumbens ; MoBbringia; Arenaria serpyl-
lifolia; Btellaria nemorum, media, Holostea, graminea, uliginosa;
Cerastium glomeratum, triviale. Malva moscbata, iyhestris W. Tilia
pcffvifolia. Hypericum quadrangulum, perforatum, dubium, bumi-
fdsum, pulcbrum. Acer 2 sp. Geranium (pbseum), sylvaticum W,
pratense, dissectum, moUe, lucidum, B.obertianum.* linum catbar-
ticum. Oxalis Acetosella. Euonymus europaeus. i Ebamnus Frangnla.
Ulex europsBus ; Genista tinctoria, anglica ; Sarotbamnns ; Ononis
arvensis; Medicago lupulina; Trifolium pratense, medium, repens,
procumbens, minus; Lotus comiculatus, major; Antbyllis; Yicia
tetrasperma, Gracca, sepium, sativa ; Latbyrus pratensis, macrorbizus.
Prunus commiuiis, f Padus, (Cerasus); Spirsea TJlmaiia; Sangui-
soiba ; Poterium Sanguisorba W ; Agrimonia Eupatoria ; Alcbemilla
vulgaris, arvensis ; Potentilla anserina, reptans, Tormentilla, Fragari-
astrum ; Fragaria vesca ; Kubus Ids&us, corylifolius, &c. ; Geum 3
sp. ; Eosa tomentosa I, canina, arvensis ; CratsBgus ; Pyrus Mains,
Aucuparia. Lytbrum Salicaria. Epilobium angnstifolium, birsutum,
parviflorum, montanum ; Girceaa lutetiana. Myriopbyllum spicatum.
Ifontia. Spergula arvensis. (Sedum acre) ; (Sempervivum). Eibes
Grossularia W, rubrum W. Saxifraga tridactyUtes "W, (granulata) ;
Cbrysosplenium alternifolium "W, oppositifoUum. Hydrocotyle;
Sanicula ; Helosciadium nodiflorum ; Bunium flexuosum ; Pimpinella
8axi&aga ; (Enantbe crocata ; ^tbusa ; Silaus ; Angelica ; (Pastinaca
W) ; Heracleum ; Daucus Carota ; Torilis Antbriscus ; Scandix ;
Antbriscus sylvestris ; Cbaeropbyllum temulum "W ? ; Myrrbis. Adoxa ;
Hedera. Sambucus nigra;) Viburnum Opulus; Lonicera Pericly-
menum. Sberardia ; Asperula odorata ; (Mium horeale "W, cruciatum,
Aparine, saxatile, uliginosum, palustret, Valeriana officinalis,
dioica; Valerianella olitoria. Knautia; Scabiosa succisa.
Eupatorium ; Petasites ; Tussilago ; Bellis ; Solidago W ; (Bidens
tripartita); Antbemis Cotula; AcbiUea Ptarmica, Millefolium;
Cbrysantbemum 2 sp. ; Matricaria JParthenium, inodora ; Arte-
misia campestris W?; Tanacetum W?; Filago germanica W;
Gnapbalium uliginosum; Antennaria dioica "W; Senecio vulgaris,
tmeosusi, sylvaticus, Jacobsea, aquations; Arctium minus ; Centaurea
nigra, Scahioia f ; Carduus lanceolatus, arvensis, palustris ; Lapsana ;

* A coarse form of Erodium circutarium appeared as a weed in garden
ffToiind manured with the refuse of Aastralian wool, with whioh it is probable
it was introduced.

t P. communis does sot fruit.

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16 Oir THE FLOBA OF THE SWTIK0N8 OF BBADFOBD.

HypochsBiis radicata ; Apargia 2 ep. ; Tragopogon minor ; Lactuca
muralis ; Leontodon ; Sonchus oleraceus, arvensis ; Crepis Tirens,
paludosa, W ; Hieracium Pilosella, murorum, W ?, vnlgatutn, um-
bellatum. (Jasione); Campanula latifolia, rotundifolia. Calluna;
Erica Tetralix, cinerea ; Vaccinium MyrtiUus, Vitis-idaea, Oxycoccos ;
Pyrola media. Ilex. Ligustrum ; Fraxinus. Erythraea Centaurium ;
Gentiana Amarella W; [Menyanthes]. Convolvulus arvensis, sepium
W. (Borago) ; (Anchusa sempervirens) ; Lycopsis ; [Pulmonaria offici-
nalis] ; (Lithospermum arvense) ; Myosotis palustris, sylvatica, arvensiB,
versicolor, collinal Solanum Dulcamara. Latiiraa. Verbascum
W ; Digitalis ; Linaria Cymbalaiia, vulgaris ; Scrophularia nodosa,
aquatica ; Melampyrum pratense, iyhaiioum t ; Pedicularis sylvatica ;
Rhinanthus Crista-galli ; Euphrasia 2 sp. ; Veronica scutellata, pecca-
bunga, Cbamsedrys, montana, officinalis, serpyllifolia, arvensis, agrestis,
(Buxbaumii), hederifolia. Mentha aquatica, arvensis ; (Lycopus) ;
Origanum W ; Thymus ; Calamintha CUnipodium ; Scutellaria galeri-
culata W ; Prunella ; Nepeta Glechoma ; Lamium purpureum, album.
Galeobdolon ; Galeopsis Tetrahit ; Stachys Betonica, sylvatica, palus-
tris, (arvensis) ; Ballota foetida ; Teucrium Scorodonia ; Ajuga reptans.
Pinguicula vulgaris. Primula vulgaris, (veris) ; Lysimachia nemorum ;
Anagallis 2 sp. Plantago lanceoLata, media, major; Littorella.
Chenopodium cdbum, Bonus-Henricus ; Atriplex angustifolia, erecta,
hastata. Eumex conglomeratus, sanguineus ?, crispus, Acetosa, Aceto-
sella; Polygonum Bistorta, amphibium, lapathifoliumy laxumf,
Persicaria, aviculare, Convolvulus. Empetrum. Euphorbia Helios,
copia, Peplus, exigua; Mercurialis perennis. ' Callitriche vema,
platycarpa. Parietarjia erecta t; XJrtica urens, dioica. Ulmus
(suberosa), montana. Salix pentaiidra, fragilis, alba, triandra. Helix,
viminalis, cinerea, (aurita ?), Caprea ; Populus (alba), nigra ; Betula
alba, glutinosa f ; Alnus ; Fagus ; Castanea ; Quercus ; Corylus.
(Pinus). Paris. Tamus. Anacharis. Orchis mascula, maculata;
Gymnadenia conopsea W ; Habenaria viridis, bifolia ; Listera ovata ;
(Neottia) ; Epipactis palustris W. Iris Pseud-acorus ; (Crocus vemus).
(Narcissus biflorus), Pseudo-narciSsus ; Galanthus. Allium ursinum ;
Endymion. Narthecium ; Juncus effusus, conglomeratus, glauctuf,
acutiflorus, lamprocarpus, supinus, squarrosus, compressus, bufonius ;
Luzula sylvatica, piLosa, campestris, multiflora. Alisma Plantago ;
(Sagittaria); (Butomus); Triglochin palustre. (Typha latifolia);
Sparganium ramosum, simplex. Arum. Lemna minor. Potamogeton
*natan8, perfoliatus, crispus, pectinatus. Eleocharis palustris, acicularis ;
Scirpus (sylvaticiis), (setaceus) ; Eriophorum vaginatum, angustifo-
lium ; Carex pulicaris, vulpina, divulsa ?, paniculata, axillaris f, re-
mota, stellulata, ovalis, striata f, acuta, vulgaris, pallescens, panicea,
pendulaff prsecox, glauca, flava, fulva, sylvatica, hirta, paludosa^
riparia* JRhalaris canariensis, arundinacea ; Anthoxanthum ; Phleum
pratense ; Alopecurus pratensis, genicuLatus, agrestis ; Milium ;
Agrostis cofiina ?, vulgaris, aiha ? ; Aira csespitosa, flexuosa, (cary o-
phyllea?), prsecox; Trisetum; Avena pratensis; Arrhenatherum ;
Holcus 2 sp. ; Triodia; Melica uniflora; Molinia; Catahrosa? ; Poa
.annua, nemoralis, trivialis, pratensis ; Glyceria aquatica, fluitans ;
Briza media ; Cynosurus cristatus ; Dactylis ; Eestuca ovina, rubra f,

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OK THB VLOSA OF THE VSYItLOVS OF B&iPfOBD. 17

gigantea, arundinaeea f^ pratends ; Bromns asper, sterilis ; Serrafaloua
eommutatus f^ mollis, racemosus f : Brachypodium sylyaticam W ;
Triticinn eaninum ?y repens ; Lolium perenne, itailioum f ; NarduB •
Equisetum arvense, Telmateia, sylvaticuiUy limosum, palustre fy varie-
gatumf, Polypodium vulgare, Phegopteris, Dryopteris; Lastrea
Oreopteris, Filix-mas, dilatata ; Polystichum aculeatum ; Athyrium
Filix-foemina ; Asplenium (Adiantum-nigrum), Trichomanes "W,
Butamuraria ; Scolopendrium ; Blecbnum ; Pteris ; Botrychiam ;
Ophioglossum. Lycopodium clayatam W. Ghara vulgaris.

II. PlAITTS absent FBOK the BbADFOBB FlOBA. which ABE FOTTITD DT

THB LiMESToms Begions East OB West OF Bbadfobd.

Note. — The letters E and W are appended where the plant has
only been observed on the E^t or West respectively. Where no
letter is appended the plant has been found in both regions.

(Clematis Vitalba) ; (Thalictrum minus W), (T. flavum E) ;
(Anemone Pulsatilla E) ; (Trollius europsBus W); (Aquilegia
vulgaris E) ; (Actsea spicata). (Berberis vulgaris E). Nymphaea alba
E ; Nuphar lutea E. Papaver Argemone E ; (CheUdonium majus E).
Sisymbrium thalianum W ; (Diplotaxis muralis E) ; (Armoracia rusti-
cana E) ; Draba muralis W ; [Hutchinsia petrcsa W] ; Senebiera
Coronopus E. Beseda lutea E, Luteola E. Helianthemum vulgare.
Viola lutea W, hirta W. Saponaria officinalis E ; . Alsine vema "W ;
Cerastium semidecandrum E, arvense E. Malva sylvestris. Hyperi-
cum hirsutum, montannm E. Geranium sanguineum W, columbinum
W. Bhamnus catharticus. Melilotus officinalis; (Astragalus
hypoglottis E). Spirsea Filipendula W ; Bubus caesius E, sazatilis
W; [Dryas octopetala W]; Bosa spinosissima W. Myriophyllum
verticillatum E ; Hippuns E. Bryonia dioica E. Sedum Bhodiola
W, (album W), anglicum "W, (reflexum W). (Saxifraga umbrosa
W), hypnoides W. Helosciadium inundatum W ; Pimpinella magna ;
(Enanthe fistulosa E, Phellandrium E ; (Anthriscus Cerefolium E),
vulgaris E ; Gonium E ; (Smymium E). Comus sanguinea E. (Galium
boreale W, MoUugo, verum. Dipsacus sylvestris E ; Scabiosa Golum-
baria. Erigeron acris E; Inula Gonyza E; Pulicaria dysenterica
E; Garlina; Serratula W; Garduus nutans W, heterophyllus W.
Campanula glomerata E. Ghlora E ; Oentiana campestris W. Pole-
monium W. (Gynoglossum officinale W) ; Symphytum officinale E ;
(Lithospermum officinale W). Atropa Belladonna; Hyoscyamus
niger. linaria minor E ; Pedicularis palustns E ; [Bartsia alpina
"W] ; Veronica Anagallis W. Nepeta Cataria E ; (Lamium amplexi-
cauleE), incisum E ; (Jaleopsis versicolor E, (Verbena officinalis W).
TJtricularia vulgaris E. Primula farinosa "W ; Hottonia palustris E ;
Lysimachia vulgaris E ; Samolus E, Plantago maritima W. Gheno-
podium rubrum E. Bumex Hydrolapathum E ; Polygonum Hydro-
piper E. Daphne Laureola E. Parietaria diffusa E ; Humulus E.
Salix aurita E ; Populus tremula "W. Taxus baccata W. Juniperus
communis W. Hydrocharis E; [Stratiotes E]. Orchis Morio E,
ustulata E, pyramidalis E ; Ophrys apifera E ; muscifera ; Epipactis '
latifolia Ey media ? W. GonvaUariamajalis ; [Polygonatum multiflorum

c

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IB Tm iraes raoiu op wkvwicxsoxKs.

V]. (OniitliogBlam umfoelkiniii E> ; {Qages Itiim W]. €o]i^ieiim
B. JunoBfi glauicus S. Aiisma ranuneuloideB E. Lemna trinika £.
Fatonoget^n densos E ; Zannicbellia palnstris E. iSeirpus lacastm
£; Carex ttiicta E, paludosa, nparia. (Amndo Gakmmgrostis W) ;
Phragmites E ; Sesleria W ; Koeleiia W ; MeHca nutans W ; (iSclen>.
dika rigida) ; Bromus erectus E ; HcHrdeum mnriiHim E. Polypo-
dium oalcareum W ; Lastarca ThelypteriaE, [rigida W] ; Polystichum
Xionohitni W ; Cystopteris fragilis W ; Asplenium viride W ;
Geterach officamanim W. Lfoopodcum selaginoi^ W, Sdage W^

THE MOSS-FLORA OF WARWICKSHIKE.
£t Jambs E. B^eKiXL.

With tliie exception of a few planta noticed in Purton's '' Midland

Flora,** and Perry'lB " Plantae Yarvicense? Select©," I do not know

of any record of the Mosses indigenous to the county of Warwick, and

having a desire to know what Mosses really did occur in this county^

I commenced (in 1867) working the nosthem division, giving, however,

more especial attention to those parts nearest to Birmingham. After

having worked the marls, clays, sandstones, &c., of North Warwick*

shixe for some time, I thought it would he well to take the co^Dty as

a whole, with the hope of heing ahle to publish a complete Moss*

Flora of Warwickshire. This intention I have not been able to carry

out satisfactorily, as want of leisure has unfortunately prevented my

paying more than a few flying visits to \he southern part of our

county, so that the following list cannot he considered as in any way

exhaustive. I am fully convinced that if I could find leisure to

Work well the lias soils of the southern part of our county, I should

he able to add to my list materially. With about two exceptions, the

Mosses enumerated below have been found by myself in the localities

indicated, have been carefully examined microsqc^ically, and in doubt-

fal cases been sent to Dr. B. Braithwaite for oonfirmatioa or

identification; and I may state that I am deeply indebted to this

gentleman for assistance, advice, and kindly encouragement. Many

of the Mosses mentioned below I have also found in several localities

in the adjacent counties of Stafford and Worcestershire, having

occasionally worked in both ; but I have thought it better to keep the

Warwickshire Flora distinct, and have therefore added as Addenda

those Mosses found within a ten-mile radius of Birmingham, Imt not

occurring, so far as I know at present, in Warwickshire. I have notified

in each case if found fruiting, by the abreviation " fr '' after the name.

Sphagnum acutifolium^ Ehr., Jr., S.fimbriatum^ Wils., 8, msptdatum.

Dill., iS, recurvuni, P. Beauv., 8. gquarrosum, Pers., 8^ruheUum^ Wils.

All in Sutton Park. 8. suhsecunckm, Nees. Sutton Park, Coleshill Pool,

Hill Bickenhili. Var. contortuniy Sch. Sutton Park, Hill Bickenhill.

Yar. ohesum. Hill BickenhilL 8, hrieinum ?, Spr. Sutton Park (I

find a Moss here which seems identical with specimen^ from Mr.

Sunt). S* cymhifoUum^ Dill. Sutton Park, Wroxall Poors Wood,

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Tsfi iMBd-tumi of WAMWfetmtat, 19

nearSolihttll. Var. dompaetum, var. sqtkifrro^tum, S.pap^Umm^ tind!
All ki Uiittoto Park. '

Anhidiuin phdB^oide9y Brid, fr. Ooleshill Pool, on tho shorta.

PlefHridum nttidum, !H^w., fr. tShirley, Earlstrood. A ^itJttfo^
<i*m, Linn., fr. Frequent. P. altemifolium, B. A 8(., fr. Mamtone
Green (scanty).

Weissia tenuis^ Sclii*ad., fr.. W, mi^ostotHa, Hedw., fr. Bofli aft
Edgbaston. W. c&nitr&cerMy Hedw., fr. Freqxient. W. tirrhata^
Eedw.^ fr. flolibull, Olton, Maxtoke, Sutton Park. W. muoronata,
B. & S., fr. Olton, Maxtoke.

DierafteUa crwptty Hedw., fr. Solihull. D, eerviotdata^ Hedw., fr.
Sutton Park. D. vatia, HedW., fr. Eidington. 2>. rufewem^ Turn., fr.
Near Knowle. B, heteromalla, Hedw., fr. Sutton Park.

iH&ramzm montanuM, Hedw. Sutton Park (abundant wlien I
first found it, but almost lost through th« Mling of the tree on which
it grew). D, soopartum, L., fr. Solihull. D. mqfus, Turn,, fr.
Solihull, Kitesley. J9. pahMire^ Brid. Sutton Park. 2). spurium,
Hedw. Coleshill Heath (H. Webb).

Campyhpus fragilti, Dickd. C. torfacetM, Br. & Sch. Both in
Sutton Park.

Zeuedhryum fflauewn, Hampe. Sutton Park*

Fmiden» hryoUe^^ Hedw., fr. Sutton Park. F, escilhy Hedw., fr.
Hay woods, Bearley. F, vvriMus, L., fr. Near Knowle. F, inourvns-^
Sehwg., fr. Beailey, Solihull. F. adimtotdei, Hedw., fr. Sutton Park.
F. taxtfoUus, Hedw., fr. Olton.

Phasoum mtUieum, Schreb., fr. Ooleshill Heath, ne«r Eitowle. P.
empidatvm^ Schreb., fr. Sutton Park. Yar. eurvisetum^ fi. Coles-
hill Heath.

Pmia mmtula, B. & S., fr. Solihull, Shirley, Red Hill. P.
truncal, B. & S., fr. Sutton Park. P, intermedta, Turn., fr. Olton^
Solihull, Exhall. P. Imeeolata, Rohl., fr. Solihull, Bearley.

Ceratod&n purpwreuSy Brid, fr. Sutton Park.

Lepfotridhufnjkxiemle, Schwg. Marl ClifP, near Bidford.

IHehostomum ruhelhm^ B. & S., fr. Sutton Park, Olton, &o. T.
top^MdeuMy Brid , fr. IMington, Olton.

Tdfiula eam/oliii.'Ehvh. (Not f«und in North Warwickshire)
Bearley, Harbury. Vai^. ineanay fr. Harbury. T.ripda, Schultz, fr.
Wihncote, Harbury. T, cmUgudy B. & 8., fr. Bearley. T, aloides,
B. & S., fr. Bearley, Eed Hill, Maxtoke. T. ittueronulatay Brid., fr.
Bidford, Wootton Wawen (t^ery rare in fruit). T. nbngumiiata^
Hedw., fr: Sutton Park. T, itmlandy Do Not. Sutton Park,
Oaverdon. T, faUaxy Hedw., fr. Shustoke, Bearley, ErdingtOn.
T, tpadicMy Mitt. Beariey, B«A Hill. 1*. rigiMay Hedw. Ufton,
Harbury. T. Hormchuchiimay Schultz. Shirley. T.rm>oluiay Schwg.,
fr. dolihtdl, Beariey, Burton,*01averdon. T, convohday Hedw., fr.
Sutton Park, Whittacer, GhrareHy HiU. t. iartuosa, W. & M. On
toortar t>f old bridge, Olton. T. ^Oi^imif&my ^g. Bet., ft. A. i&w
specimens only, Draytpn Bushes. T. marginatay B. & S., fr., T.
muraHs.Timm,, fr. Boih in Sutton Park. Yar. fmofUiy fr. Beaaley,
Gioial Bank, on bridges. Yar. Oitway fr. Sttttoii Pkffk. Yar.
rupestris, fr. Shrewley Heath, on Canal bridge. T. subnfatSy Brid.,

c 2

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20 THE X088-FL0BA OF WABWI0K8HIBB.

fr. Sutton Park, &c. T.fu^ilhsa, Wils. For^ Mills, Curdworth,
near Alcester, near Stratford. T. laviptla, Brid., fr. XJfton, Har-
bury, &c. T. intermedia^ Brid., fr. Binton, Temple Grafton. T.
ruralisy Hedw. Rare in North Warwickshire, Shustoke, Grafton.

Encal/ypta vutgarisj Hedw. Earlswood.

Cinclidatus fontinaloidesy P. B Binton (Purton's Mid. Flora,
1818, p. 257). I haTe not seen this at Binton

Grimmia apocarpa, Hedw., fr. Olton, Elmdon, Coleshill. G,
orinita, Brid., ti, Near Hatton (sparingly). G. puhinata, Gm.,
fr. Solihull.

Racomitrium heterostichum, Hedw., fr. J2. lanupinommf Hedw.
Both at Pinley. R, canescens, Hedw. Berkswell.

Hedwigia eiliata^ Hedw., fr. Arbury Hall (T. Erk).
. Ptychomitrium polyphyllumy B. & S., fr. Binley, near Coventry.

Zygodon viridiesimus, B. & S. Oakley Wood, near Stratford-on-
Avon.

Uhta criapa, Hedw., fr. Near Solihull, Chalcot Wood.

Orthotrichum saxatile, B. & S., fr. Binton, Wilmcote. 0. ohtusi'
folium, B. & S. Near Stratford-on-Avon, Harbury. 0. tenellum,
B. & S » fr. Near 8tratford-on-Avon (sparingly). 0. affine, Schrad ,
fr. Solihull, Holywell, Morton Morrel. 0; diaphanum, Schrad., fr.
Olton, Alcester, Bearley, Binton. 0. Lyellii, H. & T. Harbury,
Bishop Tachbrook, Solihull.

Tetraphii pellucida, Hedw., fr. (rare in fruit). Wroxall Poors Wood,
Solihull, Shirley.

Ephemerum terratumy Sch., fr. Coleshill Heath, Acock's Green,
Solihull.

PhyBComitrium pyriforme, Brid., fr. Sutton Park.

Entosthodon faacieulare, Sch., fr. Coleshill Heath, Duke*8 End,
Ufton.

Funaria hygrometrica, Hedw., fr. Sutton Park.

Bryum pyri/armef Hedw.y fr. Olton Beservoir, near Leamington.
B. nutans, Schreb., fr. Sutton Park. B, annotinum, Hedw. Sutton
Park, Marstone Green. B. carneum, Linn., fr. Erdington. B. albi-
cans, Wahl. Binley, near Coventry (T. Kirk). B, pmduhm, Horns,
fr. Kenil worth Castle. B, inclinatum, Brid., fr, Stechford. B.
intermedium, Brid., fr. Erdington. B, hinum, Schreb., fr. Sutton
Park, Hill Bickenhill. B. murale, Wils., fr. Olton, TJfton, Shrewley
Heath. B, atropurpureum, W. & M., fr. Whittacer, Sutton Park.
B. caspiticium, L., fr., B. capillare, L., fr. Both in Sutton Park.
Var. euspidatum, fr. Forge Mills. B. pseudo-triquetrum, Sch., fr.
Sutton Park. B. pallens, Swartz., fr. Small Heath. B, turlinatum f^
Hedw., fr., B, argenteum, Linn., fr. Both in Sutton Park. B, roseum,
Sch., Marstone Green.

Mnium affine, Bland., If. horthcm, L., fr., J/, undulatum^
Hedw. All in Sutton Park. M, stellare, Hedw. Maxtoke. JU,
punetatumy Hedw., fr., M. suhglohosum, B. & S., fr. Both in Sutton
Park.

Amhlyodan dealhatus, P. B., fr. Sutton Park.

Aulocomnian androgynum, Schwg., A, palustre, Schwg. Botji in
Sutton Park.

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THB M0S8-FL0B4 OF WABWI0K8HIBS. 31

BarU'amia fontana, Brid., fr. (rare in fruit). Sutton Part B.
potntformisy Hedw., fr. Sutton Park, Middleton.

Atrichum utMatum, P. B., fr. Sutton Park. Yar. aUmuatum^ fr.
Solihull (sparingly).

Pogonatum nanum, Brid., fr. Shirley, Castle Bromwich. Var.
lengisetum^ fr. Chalcot Wood. P, aleides, Brid., fr. Great PackingtoUi
Shirley, &c. Var. minus, fr, Shirley Street.

Polytriehum gracile, Meni., fr., P.formosumy Kedw., fr. Both in
Sutton Pwrk. P. pUiferum, Schreh., fr. Sutton Park, Curd worth.
P.jumperum, Hedw., fr. Sutton Park, Minworth. P, commune^ L., fr.
Sutton Park, Acock's Green.

FonUndis antipffretiea, linn. Holywell, near Stratford-on-Avon,
Cryphaa heteromaila^ Brid., fr. Wolston Heath, near Stratford-on-
Avon.

Neckera eomplanata, B. & S. Maxtoke, Elmdon.
HomaHa trichomanoideSf Brid. Solihull, Marstone Green.
Leucodon seturoides, Schwg. Wootton Wawen, Wolston Heath,
EzhaU.

Leskea polyearpa, Ehrh., fr. Holywell, Forge Mills.
Anomoaon viticuloms, H. & T. B^wington, Henley-in-Arden.
Thuiditm tamariseinum, Hedw. Sutton Park.
CUmacium dendroideg, W. & M. Sutton Park.
Isothecium myurum, Brid. Eowington.
Hamaiotheeium sericeum, B. & S.,.fr. Acock's Green.
Brachythecium glareosumy Bruch. Lapworth Street. B, luUieem^
Dill. Bearley, TJfton. B. alhioans, DiU. Marstone Green, Olton,
Witton. B, veluUnum, Dill., fr. ; B. rutahulum, L , fr. Both in Sutton
Park. B. rmdare, Bruch. Near Clarerdon. B^poptUeum, Swartz,
fr. SolihuU.

Scleropodium eatpUosuUf Wils. Holywell, Forge Mills, Curd-
worth.

Eurhyncldum myoswroides, Dill. BEaywoods. E, striatum^ Schreh.
Solihull. E. piltferum, Schreh. Olton Canal hank. E. speciomm,
Brid., fr. Sutton Park. E. SwarHii, Turn. Newr Stratford-on-
Avon. E. pralonyumf Dill., fr. Sutton Park. E. pumilum, Wils.,
fir. Olton Canal bank, Middleton.

Rhynchostegium teneUum, Dicks, fr. Marstone Green. B, Teeadalii,
Sm. Oversley (Purton's Mid. Flora, p. 558). R, eonfertum, Dicks,
fir. ; B. murcUef Hedw., fr. ; B, ruBcifolium, Dill., fr. All in Sutton
Park.

Thcmnium dopecvrum, L., fr. Eowington, Maxtoke, Wootton
Wawen.

Plagiothscium latehricola, Wils. ; P, eUgoM, Hook. ; P. dentieu-
UttuMf Dill. ; P. iykaticum, Dill., fr. (rare in fruit). All in Sutton
Park.

Hypnum stellatum, Schreh. Sutton Park. H. ehryiophfUam^ Brid.
Yamingall Common. H, serpma, L., fr. ; H, irrxguumy Wils. ; H. ripa-
rium, L., fr. All in Sutton Park. Var. Imgifolium, Wylde Green.
H. aduneum, Hedw., fr. Sutton Park, Hill Bickenhill. H.polygamumy
B. &S., fr, Solihull. Yax, stagmtum. Kear Stratford-on-Avon. IL
SenMniri, Schimp. ; H. intermedium, lindb., fr. ; ff. vemicosum, Lindh. ,

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2^ 9M0BX irOTSS ^MB QUSBm.

If. fluitam, Dill.r^e*_; -H. jUmtMm, Lw, fir, ; ff. tfrnmniatum, Sedw. ;
IT. faleatumj Brid., fr. ; £[ ^i^issiforme^ DiUL, fr. ; and tut. m^9(#, fr.
All if^ Sutton Park. Tar. ImmoBtm, fr. MUvorton. ff. re^upinaiumf
^ik, fr. Sutton Park. H. Linebergii, Mitt. Near Shirley.
£ mollm^um^ Sedw- Sutton Park» noar Stratloird-Qn^Ayon, Jk.
patmtr^ X^, fx* Sutton Park, ne^ HolywelL H. $ordifoUum^
Hedw.y fr. Sutton Park. H. giganUum^ Scb. Sutton Park, Acock's
^reecu H. em^idatvmj L. j jST. Schrebfri, Ehr. Both i^ Sutton
Park. ff. furtm^ L., fr. Sutto^ P«:k, Solihuilt -ftT. strnmitHtHru^ Dick^.
S^tto>l Park. £?• 8plen4m$f Dill. Solihull. Z^. ifK<ffTow«^ L., fr.
(rare in fruit). Sutton Park. JS. triquetrmh l^ Olto^.

Phaseum paiem^ Hedw., fr. King's Norton, Worces.

Pottia Wikoni, B. & S., fr. Voseley. Wprc^s. (J). W. Badger.)

Torttda cuneifoUay Diek^, fr, (h-o^ty Hill, Worcea.

En^alypta vulgaris, Hedw., fr, Near the tickeys^ Worces.

MacomiMum faseiculare, Brid. Frankley, Worces. S. actcuhfre^
Brid. Frankley, Worceja,

Sypnum potymorfhum, Hedw. Sedgely Stone Quwry, Staff.
H. uninnaium, Dill. Moeeley, "Worces. S. cttpreiiiforme, yar. tonge-
setum, fr. Lickeys, Worces. iT, ^Qorpi^ides, Dill. Moseley,
Worces.

Hookeria lueem^ Dill., fr. Moseley, Worces. (Weatcott.)

SHOBT VOTES AND Qt£iaBB.

Additions to the Flora of Heetpobdshire. — The following
plants, mostly forms separated since the d^te of the origmal publica-
uon of the " Kera Hertfordiensis,** have not, as far as I am aware^
been previously recorded for Herts, although it is not unlikely that
some of them are generally distributed throughout the county:—
Ranunculus peltaUii, Fr., Hatfield. M, triohophyllus, Chaix., Hat*
field, St. Albans. Arenaria l^toeladosy Quss.,^ Hertford, Ware,
Hatfield, St. Albans. J^ilohium ohcurvm, Schreb., Ayot. Qiftiutn,
palustrey L,, var. Witherimn, Sm^ Hatfield. Faleriana afikmalit^ L.,
proper (= ^ar. Mihann, ^me), Baldock. Arctium majusy Schkuhr*,
Ha&eld. Atriplex delUidea, Bab., Ha,tfield. These are new to their
respective districts : — Sisgmhrium Thaliana, Hook., Baldock. Cam^^
Una sati/vay Crant^s.^ Watford.^ Viola arvenais, Murray, Hatfield, ffypert^
cum Mium, Leers, Hatfield. Prunua CerastUj L., proper, St. Albans.
Polygonum, nodosum^ Pers., Hatfield, St. Margarets. Amarmthus
refrojlexus, L., Watford. Anacharis canadensis^ Planch,, Hatfield.
Tgpha angusti/olia, L., Hatfield. Setaria tiridis, Beauv., Watford. —
B. A. Peyoe. r-

Jlants of KmTLlKGj CAMBEtDG](SHiEE. — Kirtliug is situated about
five miles S.E. of Newmarket, and close to the borders of Suffolk, in
the only weU-wooded district of Cambridgeshire. The soil is princi-
pally clay over chalk. I have only enumerated those plants to whicli
detailed localities have been assigned by Prof. Babington in his Flor^

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8H0BT Wms ARB WBUJBf^. M

(ft tb^ocmnty. They were all obserred within half a oifle of Krlling
Tower i-^JRanimdnlu^ sederoHts (lA a damp eomfield ; a stinted glaa<^
eons fbrm, aboTtt three ki^ee high) ; Jh^^wm Leeoquii (with oraage-
colofured jtiiee); CheUdonium mafus; StUns noeHflara; Hypericum
dubium ; H, hirstUum ; Ehamnus eathartieus ; Tr^dmmfra^tfenm^ ;
MelUotiM offieindU : Spiraa Ulmaria; Epilohium montanum; (Ego-
podium Podagraria; Pimpinella tnagna; P, Saxifraga: Silau» praten-
sis; Angelica sglvMtris ; Arctium eu-^inus; Carduus criipus (the
Tar. with snbsolitary heads and pedusdes naked at the top also
occurs ; it is mentioned in Kay's Catalogue^ but Babington says that
he has not seen or heard of it in the county) ; C. palustris ; Picrit
JUeracipides : Hehninthia echioides ; Camp<mula Traehelium % C, rotun^
difolia ; Verboicum Blattaria (roadside, probably an espape) ; Zinaria
Cjfmhaltma; Scrcphularia nodosa; Euphrasia Odontites; Veronica
ugrestis; V. Buxbaumii; Mentha arvensis; Calamintha Clinopodium;
Stachffs palustris ; Lysimaehia vulgaris (in a damp cornfield ; a stunted,^
very fbriferona form); Euphorbia amvgdaloides ; E. exigua; Juncus
glaueus (form with a \gtj lax panicle); /. lamprocarpus ; Car ex
penduta; C, sylvatica; U, Pseudo-Cgperus; Poa compressa ; Bromus
commuiatus; B. arveneis ; Lolium temulentum; Polypodium vulgare.
Few of these plants are either particularly rare or interesting in them-
aelyes ; it is only with reference to the local flora that they can claim
any special notice on either score. Hypericum dubium («foum. Bot.
1878, p. 274) and Verbascum Blattaria have not before been recorded
for the county. Silene noctiflora^ Euphorbia amygdaloideSf Care
pendula (only now known certainly to occur in one other spot in the
county), and C. Pseudo-Cyperus were noticed by Belhan (Catlidge =
Slirtluig) at apparently the scone stations ; and this locality hasperhaps
not been visited by any botanist since his time. Some, as Irifolium
fragiferum^ lysimaehia vulgaris, Juncus lamprocarpus, Bromus commu-
tatus fmd arvenais, and Lolium temulentum have not been observed
within some considerable distance ; but the majority are plants whicb
havQ their ^ead-^uarters in the neighbouring woodlands. — B. A.
Pbyob ._«..^.

IiOBELU uBEirs. — ^At 8 rcccnt meeting of the Lit and Phil. Socl
of Hancbester^ Mr. J. C. Uelvill exhibit^ specimens of Lobelia urenf
collected last summer near Azminster, its only British locality. The
common where it was said to grow in 1836 is now cultivated, and no
trace of the plant is to be seen ; a mile or two farther on^ however,
beyond &hute Hill, it is in tolerable plenty, but exceeAin^y Iaoa£
The dowera were in perfection on August 1st

I^JTBAAA HBa<BROFim£A. — ^Vill Mr. Prcntioe please revise the
name of Lindsaa heteropkyUa, published in the laist volume of the
Journal, p. 296? Beterophylla -^t^ oi^ ef the speeifie names used
l>y Dryander wiien he first deined the genus (linn. Trans., vol. iii.^
p, 48, t. 8, ftg. 1), and this name has been used for a totally da£Eerettt
plaat from the AustraKan one by aU siicQeeiUng writers**^/. &.

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24 KoncES Of books^

PuociniA Malyaceabum. — In referenoe to Mr. Eoper's note in the
last volume of the Journal, p. 340, 1 write to say that when visiting
Newbury last month I found JPueeintaMakaeearum on Mallow. I have
seen it idso in the churchyard at Ealing, where it was extremely abun-
dant. — ^E. C. White.

IMtcejsr of S&ooltjse«

Synopm of the Mosses of Ireland. Bv David Moore, Ph.D. In
Proc. of Eoyal Irish Academy, Vol. i., ser. ii. (pp. 146.)

We have in the paper before us a great advance beyond the old lists
and catalogues which have too fi^uently been regarded as sufficient
to convey all the information required on the vegetation of any
particular district or country ; and it is, moreover, of interest in being
the first attempt to apply the excellent arrangement of Mr. Mitten to
our native Mosses.

Possessed of a climate eminently favourable to the growth of
cellular plants, Ireland has long been famed for the luxuriance of its
Mosses, and for the presence in its flora of some species not met with
in other parts of the kingdom, which in a few instances (as is also the
case with some of the flowering plants) indicate an affinity to the
Mediterranean and Canarian floras.

Kor have workers been lacking to hunt up the bryological treasures
of the Green Isle; Dawson Turner in 1804 having given us his
'^ Muscologiae Hibemicae Spicilegium,'* and the indefatigable Dr.
Taylor in 1836 the second pMt of Mackay's " Flora Hibemica." In
the latter work 229 species of Mosses are described, and thirty more
were recorded as Irish in Wilson's " Bryologia Britannica" ; but that
Dr. Moore is not behind any of his predecessors in the investigation of
the productions of his country, .is proved by the addition of 140 species
to those recorded in the ** Plora Hibemica."

The first portion of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the
tribes and genera, the latter having short diagnostic characters founded
on the most important points in the structure of the fruit or leaves ;
then comes a fuller description of the genera, eaci^ of which is
followed by a diagnostic table of all the species referred to it. The
species are not further described, but each is given seriatim, with its
principal bibliography and synonymy, and then the localities, which
thus iGSbrd a guide to the distribution of Mosses throughout Ireland.

A few of tie genera are not placed quite in accordance with our views,
and these we may notice in passing. Dieranea is divided into two sub-
tnbeB^JBrt4ehieaf comprising Flewriditm^ ejidDicranoidea. In the latter
we find Ceratodon, which we think should undoubtedly be referred to
JHehostomea, for the peristome largely and the areolation entirely
accords with those of Mosses in that family ; this however does not
i^ply to C. eyUndripuSf which can scarcely be a congener of C. pur-
fwfreus^ aixd if not niwitain0d as a separate genus must be referred to

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NOTICES OF BOOKS. 26

Dicranella^ An additional species of Campylopua must be recorded^
for according to a specimen in the Wilsonian Herbarium C. brev%fohu$^
Schpr. W8S found by Prof. Scbimper in June, 1866, on the bridge by
the roadside between Hunting-Tower and Cromagloun ; it is a very
dwarf species.

The tribe Grimmiea is well represented, but Campylostelium we
opine should rather find a place near Seligeria, In Triehostomea we
find Splachnohryum Wrightii^ interesting as being one of the few
instances where a Cryptogamic plant has become naturalised.* Didy-
modon recurvifoliua is not exclusively Irish, but was found on Ben
Yoirlich in 1863 by the late Mr. McKinlay. Although Ditriohum is
retained in this tribe, we think its true place will be found to be near
Dicranella and JDtstichium.

In the tribe Funariea we also find Bartramidula^ where it must
surely be out of place; except the absence of peristome there is
nothing to separate it from Phihnotis,

Stereodontea is maintained as a tribe, comprising Plagiothecium
and Cylind/Fothecium^ while the species of Stereodon are left in Hypnum ;
the genus Stereodon (of which the common H, eupresstforme is the
type) is we think very natural, but it may well be left with the other
Hypnacea. Most of the genera detached from ^y^t^m inthe '^ Bryo-
logia EuropsBa " are here wisely regarded as sections of that genus,
for hoTi^ever convenient as indicating natural groups of species, their
characters are too trivial to entitle them to generic distinction.

We miss the names of some Mosses which ought to grow in
Ireland, and which will doubtless yet reward a more searching
investigation of the less explored districts, e.g., Dicranum virem^
Orimmia Doniana, AtUacomnium androgynum. See.

In conclusion, we would speak higUy of Dr. Moore's work, bear-
ing evidence throughout of industrious research, and an ardent attach-
ment to the study of the interesting little plants which are here
so carefully recorded. E. B.

^oce^tn0ie{ of ^mz^^.

BoTAL Society. — Nov, 20t\ 1873. — Sir Geo. B. Airey, President, in
the chair. — " Note on the Electrical Phenomena which accompany
irritation of the leaf of Dionaa muscipula^ " by Dr. Burden Sanderson,
The author repeated the remarks he made at the British Association's
meeting (Joum. Bot., 1873, p. 346). When the opposite ends of
a living leaf of Dionaa are placed on non-polarisable electrodes in
metallic connection, and a reflecting galvanometer of high resistance is
introduced into the circuit, a deflection of the needle is seen indicating
a normal leaf-current from the proximal to the distal end, ue,^ from the
petiole to the blade. If the iQ^-etalk is arranged in a similar way
(the leaf still connected with it) a current is observed in the opposite
direction. The strength of the current is determined by the amotmt
of petiole cutoff with the leaf, the shorter the petiole the greater the

* See Joum. Bot., 1872, p. 193, tab 128.

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26 PB0CaDS>IKO8 of 800DRnB8»

deflection. If the leaf be 90 placed in the electrodes that fhe deflec-
tion of the normal leaf-'Current shall be leftwards, and a fly creep into
it| the moment tiie fly touches ooe of the six sensitive hairs
on the npper surface of the blade, the leaf contracts, the current
disappears, and the needle swings to the right f.^., to zero; and
each time the insect mores there is a similar movement of the
needle to the right, always coming to rest somewhat further to the left
than before, and then slowly resuming its previous position. The
same phenomena are seen if the sensitive hairs be touched with a
cameFs-hair pencil, or if the closed leaf be gently pinched with a pair
of forceps with cork points. These results are remarkably analogous
to those presented by animal muscle, in which the normal current
disappears when contraction takes place ; a noteworthy difference lies
in the fact that muscle will answer to stimuli any number of times
in rapid succession, whilst in DiofUBa no effect is produced unless an
interval of from five to twenty seewids has elapsed since the preceding
Irritation. The period of latency, too, which in muscle is very short,
about one-hundredth of a second, is in IHonaa about one-^third of a
second. — In answer to Dr. Hooker, Prof. Sanderson said that no
experiments had been made on leaves still unseparated from the plant.
These experiments and observations are likely to throw great light
upon the nature of contractile material in plants.

Lnnn&AV SodErr. — N<m. tih^ 1873. — The Society met for the first
time in the rooms provided for it in the new buildings at Burlington
House— the President, Mr. G. Bentham, in the chair. Hie President
made some observations on the history, condition, and prospects of th^
Society. Though it is seventeen years since the Government first recog-
nised the claims of the Society, it is only now that it can be considered to
possess its own quarters, the ro<Mns occupied in old Burlington House
since 1857, when the Society moved from Soho Square, having been
lent by the Royal Society. The new rooms form part of the extensive
buildings erected from the designs of Mr. Barry for the accommodation
of the six chief learned societies ; and consist of a fine library, a
council-room, meeting-rooma, and quarters for ^e librarian, &c. The
plans were sent some years since and approved of by the Society, and-
the rooms are fully adequate to its wants The moving heis not been
effected without expense^ and the cla^eification and axTaBgement of
the books in the new library will necessitate some ouday in binding
And to supply ga^s. The finances of the Society are, however, in a
satisfactory condition, in spite of the constantly i^jcreasing expense of
the publications of thJe Society. — Dr. Hooker proposed that tJie thaaka
of the Society should be given to H. M« Government for the eacourage*.
ment given to the Society by the gift of the new rooms, which waa
duly carried. The following pi^pers were read: — "On Bjfdawra,
Americana, R.Br.,'* by Pr. J. D. Ho^^er. The publication of Mr. Miew?
paper in this Jounial (187a, p. 257, tab. 135a) has redirected
attention to the unique specimen of the plant at Kew, shortly
described by Brown in 184^. In his monograph of Uie Order recently
published in the 17th voL of De Candolle's " Prodiomus,'* Dr. Hooker
haa referred to this plant the Frosopanche of De Bary (Abh. d. Katurf.
Ges. Halle, Bd. x. (IMS) p. 243), founded on a plant from Buenos

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Ayres coUeoted hy'B^xmmber^ whidi is not alluded to by l£r. ICart.
I>e Bary 's obieryatioDt are very reoiarkable, and differ in aeyeral points
from thoie of Brown. With a view, therefore^ to the settlement of
tbe matter, the Kew specimen was sabmitt^ to partial dissection
at the hands of Profs. Oliver and Dyer, with the result of con*
firming in most particulars Se Bary's researches. The author
therefore regrets that in his monograph above alluded to he did not
give sufficient weight to Be Bary's accurate investigation, having
trusted too entirely to Bi. Brown's short description. The esti-
vation of Frosopanehe is induplicate, the perianth-segments being
prolonged inwards so as to form a sort of fold at the base where they
oommetice ; in the African Eydnor^ they are simply valvata De
3ary describes the staminal column as solid, with the three anthers on
its surface ; at the base of this are three larg^ canals leading to the tube
of the perianth (^ cavity of the ovary, Miers)» and immedii^ly beneath
are three pairs of '* staminodes'' (=^ ovuHferous placenta^ Miers),
The author had nothing to add to this ^ the tissue of the '^ staminodes ''
could not be determined. Beneath them, in the lower portion of the
tube in the Kew ^ecimen, is a hollow cone attached all round to the
wall of the tube, but perforated at the summit ; n,o vestige <^ any
9uch structure is to be seen in Se Bary's £g«res, and the auJUior was
inclined to look upon it as abnormal or acodental, perhaps a part of
the Hning membrane detadied. The atigmatio surface is oescribed by
De Bary as forming the floor of the tube» and the placenta-plates as
pasaing directly from it straight downwards. The examination of the
Kew plant revealed a tissue of some thickness, composed of spherical
cells, above the commencement of the plates; the surface had nci
markings^ and ^e tissues were indistinguishable. Microscopical
examination of the placental plates, whikt generally conflrming
De Bary, showed them to be sinuous instead of straight, on a
transverse section^ and the ovules are buried tpithm the ]Aia^-
oental tissues as described by that author. In conclusion Dr.
Hooker made some remarks on the very anomalous position of the
ovules, and suggested that the investment of the ovule in the African
Ifydnoray as figured by Bauer, mi^ht be placental instead of seminal. —
Hr. Miere gave an account of fining the specimen figured by him ; he
could not dig up the whole flower, which was buried in atony soil.
He gave the q^iecimen to Brown, probably after the publication of his
paper on ffyinora^ or the latter would not have called ff. americana
dioecious. Mr. Miers dissented from the view which regards the three
pair of projecting bodies staminodes, considering their position below
the ^* disk " condusive against it ; these are brilUantlv wbite, contrast-
ing with the dark red of the rest of the flower. He tnought, too, that
the cone which existed above the so-called atigmatio surface must
prevent fertilisation, on the theory propounded. As to the ^^ placental
plates^'' he suggested that they were rather radiating stem-struc-
tures analogouA to those in Heloiit and LanaBdorjfia, — Dr. Hooker
pointed out th^ the plates were entirely cellular, and in answer to
JPr. Trimen stated that in spite of their anomalous position he con*
ddered the ovular nature of the immersed bodies established. The
structure of the antheriferous column was not examined. — '' On a

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28 PBOCEEDDres op soonBtiBs.

Dtpterocarpus from Cambodia," by Prol W. T. Dyer. The specimen
was collected by Dr. Hance, and was a new type, and most nearly
related to Bomean species.

Nov. 20th. — G. Bentbam, President, in tbe cbair. — ^Prof. Thiselton
Dyer showed a specimen of the fruit of JAtffa tBgyptiaca, the Sooly
Qua, grown in this country ; also a slab of the wood of Sequoia (TaxO'
dium) sempervirenSf the Redwood, grown near Reading. The following
papers were read : — " Monte Argentaro, its Flora in July,*' by Henry
Groves of Florence, communicated by D. Hanbury. M. Argentaro is
a promontory in the south of Tuscany, connected with the mainland
only by two narrow isthmi. The author, accompanied by his wife
and Dr. Levier of Florence, first examined the lagoon of Orbitello,
in which grew abundance of Ruppia maritima and the seaweed
Aoetahidaria mediterranean and which is crossed by a causeway,
by which is a nearer approach to the mountain. Lythrum Grafferi,
Gastridiwm lendigerum^ Teucrium scordioidea, Salioomia fruticoBa^
Bert., Sonehus maritimus^ and other good plants were collected here.
On Monte Argentaro itself occurred Allium tenuiflorum^ A. spJuBro-
cephalumt Mioromeria Juliana, Daphne eollina, Ost/ris alha, Sedum
altiesimumy Kundmannia sicula, Calycotome villosa, and many other
interesting plants, including Crepiz hur%ifolia, L., not before found in
Tuscany, and Ptychotis ammoides, twenty inches high. At the west
end of the isthmus of Feniglia Cladium Ma/riscus was observed nine or
ten feet high, with panicles occupying three feet of stem, and Cyperus
longus much taller. Erythrcea spicata and E. ramosissima, Euphorbia
puhescens, Juneus Holosehanus, &c., occurred here ; and on the slopes
above were gathered Coronilla cretica, also new to the Tuscan Flora,
Bonjeania recta, Lonicera implexa, Juniperus Oxycedrus, Daphne
Gnidium, and others. The sands produced Anthemis maritima,
Matthiola sinuata, and Olauoium flwoum The fine reed Ampelodesmos
tenax was also noticed, and by the roadside towards Port' Ercole Vitex
Agnus- Castus and Cercis Siliquaatrum perfectly wild. Torre dell
Avvoltore was next visited ; here Passerina hirsuta, Psoralea hitumi-
nosa, Crupina vulgaris, &c., grew among6t Pistaeia Lentiscus, Arlutris
Uhedo, Eriea muUiflora, Quercus Suher, &c. A bush of Spartiujn
junceum was noticed eight or ten feet high, with a well-defined
trunk, and Erica arhorea here becomes a tree with a stem eight inches
in diameter. Chamarops humilis, the only European Palm, grows
among the rocks down the cliff facing the sea ; it is locally called
** Palma di San Pier Martire," and the leaves are employed to tie
round the olive wands used on Palm Sunday. This Palm was known
to grow in the Maremma of Siena as long ago as the time of Matthioli,
who states that baskets and dusting-brushes were made of its leaves,
and the " brain " or pith taken from just above the crown of the root
was eaten after dinner with pepper and salt ; the plant is so hardy
as to put out new stems even after such treatment. Junipertts
phoenicea, Stipa tortilis, and Onopordum illyricum, sometimes eight
feet high, grow on the same cliff. The next day Serratula cichoraeea
was gathered near the Passionist convents on the hill, and near the
small convent grew Biscutella laevigata, var. intermedia, nob., a form
adopted by the plant when growing near the sea, a rare occurrence.

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PBOClSDIKeS OP S0CIBTIE8. 29

At the east end of the isthmus of Eeniglia were found HeUehryBum
SiiBchaiy Euphorhia Pinea^ end Statice piiloclada, with Daucu$ gummifer.
The maritime Baud of Italy are very perplexing, each locality having
apparently its own form ; the author is inclined to place all under B.
maritimm. On the shore were noticed thousands of curious felt-like
balls, in size from a pea to a child's head, which are formed by the
fibres from the base of the stem of Fosidonia Caulmiy rolled by the
wind and waves. Many rare plants were collected here, including
Orlaya maritimay Vicia dasyearpa and V. pseudocracca, and Juniperui
macrooarpa, ten to twelve feet high. On the side of M. Argentaro
near Porto San Stefano, Centattrea melitensts was collected, Mtherto
only ^nown as Tuscan from occurring in the islands. The Samphire
is eaten here as in England, under the name of " Bacicci." — ^Rev. C. A.
Johns showed drawings of the peculiar germination of Delphinium nudi"
cauU in which the petioles of the cotyledons remain ftised, forming a
tube, and the plumule makes its way through a chink in the side * —
•* On the Algffi of Mauritius," by Dr. Dickie. The total number of
species recorded is 155, of which 17 are European, 23 South African, 12
Australian, 15 East Indian, 14 found in the Bed Sea, whilst 12 are
peculiar to the island." — " On the Algae of St. Thomas and Bermuda,"
by H N. Moseley. These were collected during the explorations by the
Challenger. — " Supplementary Notes on the Buds on the Leaf of
Malaxis,^' by Dr. Dickie. — *' On a luminous Fungus on the Leaves of
Spermacoce at St. Kitts, W Indies," by C. H. Broome. Considered
by Mr. Berkeley to be a Bidgmium.

Beeember 4th. — G. Bentham, President, in the chair. — Dr. Hooker
exhibited a photograph, sent by Dr. Scheffer, of the flower of Jiaffleiia
Amoldi, from a cultivated specimen in the Buitenzorg Gardens, Java.
The segments of the perianth are more revolute than is represented in
Bauer's well-known and very accurate drawing. — Dr. Trimen showed
specimens of Rumex maximue, Schreb., collected near Lewes by the
Hon. J. L Warren, where it was found many years since by the late
Mr. Borrer, and consided a variety of R, Hgdrolapathum. [We shall
in a future number give a drawing and description of this long over-
looked British plant.] — *^ Revision of the Genera and Species of
Tulipeae," by Mr. J. G. Baker. This is a continuation of a general
monograph of the Liliaceae, of which two parts have already been laid
before the Society. Defining Tulipeae as caulescent capsular Liliacese
with free perianth-segments and bulbous root-stocks, the author
pointed out that in the structure of the anther the tribe connects
typical Liliaceae with Colchicaceae. In all the Tulipeae the slit is
strictiy lateral, the attachment of the anther being basal in Tulipa,
Erythronium, Lloydia, and Galochortus, but the filament being fixed
to the face of the side nearest the centre of the flower in Fritillaria
and Lilium, a structure identical with that of the genus Colchicum
itself. In reviewing the range of characters presented by the tribe,
he dwelt particularly on the structure of the bulbs. All the Tulipese
are able in a state of nature to held their ground in the world by
bulb-reproduction alone ; but in the manner in which the reproduction

• See Jouro. Bot. 1872, p. 45, for other cases of a dmilar peculiarity.

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30 vmooEMDmw ev iooivnxi.

takea {date, and in the nmnber, fitructare, end ftinotioii of the leaf-
Boales compoimg the bnlh» there is great dit^rsity. Four leading
^pes may be traced. Eirst, the squamose pereDnial bulb of the Old
World LilieB. In this there are many flattened scales, all tlnckened,
and all possessing potentially the faculty of deydoping a new flower-
stem in their axils. In this type the new flower-stem strikes up from
the centre of the old mass, and there are no dry thin outer tunics*
Two striking yarieties of this type are farnish^ by the American
Lilies. In one the bulb is perennial, but there is a short oblique
central rhizome which throws the scales out of their regularly spiral
arrangement; and there is a second subtype in which the bulb is
only annual, and produces on its outside a rhizome, at the end of
which a new bulb is deyeloped. Instances of these two subtypes are
furnished by Zihuvi Humboldtii and canadense. The second type is
that of the European Fritillaries, in which there are two or somebimee
three or four thickened nutritiye leaf-producing hemispherical scales,
from the axil of one of which the new flower-stem is developed just
as in the first type ; but here there are a few thin dry tunics on the
outside which neyer fulfll any nutritiye function. This type sHdei
gradually into the flrst through the American Fritillaries and the
Crown-Imperial. The third type is that of the Tulips, in which there
are seyeral thin laminated nutritiye scales, and outside them seyeral
thin brown scariose tunics. Here the new flower-stem is deyeloped
outside the mass formed by the old nutritiye scales ey^y year ; the
length of time which is required for a new bud to grow up into a
flower-stem being three years as in the Lilies. The fourth type is
illustrated by Erythronium and Gagea, in which the base only of a
single leaf is thickened and nutrient ; those on the outside being thin
and permanently scariose. In Gagea the bulb of the new year is
sometimes clearly yisible on the side of the old one at the flowering
time. This is not the case in O. hUea, but is clearly seen in anfmrntt and
seyeral other European species, in which the new bulb has already
grown up to bear a leaf when the old stem is in flower. In Mrythroi
mum pulMans a irhizome strikes out from the stem neady at the surface
of the soil, some distance aboye the old eorm, and bearing downwards
grows into a new root-stock at its tip. Of the genera adopted iil
Kunth's Synopsis, Mr. Baker advocated the merging of Gyclobothra
in Galochortus, of Orithyia in Tulipa, and of Petilium and Rhino-
petalum in Eritillaria. His synopsis included 160 species, yery few
of which are here named for the flrst time. This tribe like Alliea&y
unlike most of the other diyisbns of Liliaces9, belongs etrictly to tl:^
north temperate zone. One of its members, Zioydia uroUna, one of
our rarest British plants^ has the widest distribution of all the
liliaceae.

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]|OI41l70iLl» VBHW. SI

AbTIGLBS m JOTTBJTAtiS.

u4nn. ^# Se, Nai. (eer. 6, t. xviii., ti. 1 — 8, Sept, 1873). — B.
Kenault, ** Researches on the Organization of Sphenophyllum and
AnnuUma^^^-r-Q^ de Saporta, " Revision of the Flora of die (Jypsums
of Aix, lat Suppt.'* — P. Dehefain, '' Researches on the Relations of
astmospheric Nitrogen to Vegetatiop." — E. BesehereUe, " Bryologieal
Florula of New Caledonia.?*

Ftora (October). — A. Batalin, " On the Oanses of Feriodieal Moye-
ments of parts of the Flower and Leaves." — C. Haussknecht, ** On
the Species of Fumaria, sect. SpharocapTtoB, DC." (contd.) (Cambridge
Fi Vaillantii referred to var. La^gtriy Jord. sp.).— A. v. Erempelhuber,
"Chinese Lichens."

NOVBKBEB.

McrdUy Mier, 7Dwm.^— F» Kitton, •* New Species of DuUamaeem^*
{AtUacodisotM superhm, Siictodiscua Crwueri, Isikn^/ vitrea^ Nittuhia
ventricosay IV, decora, TVyllionella conspicua* Tab. 28). — W. Carmthem,
** NemaUphfGM or PrototaxitesJ*^^^ Braithwaite, " Sphagnum rigu
dmm, Seh. (tab. 29), S. mdlle^ SulL (tab. 80)."

Orev^ka. — M. J. Berkley, *• Notices of North Amerioan Fungi"
(oontd.).— J. Stirton, *' Additions to Lichen-Flora of Gkreat Britain."
— J. M. Crombie, ** Note on Sohrina hispora^ NyL"

American Naturalist, — 8. Watson, "On the section ^WctiAirMi of
the gtous Polygwimm^* (N. American species; P. Torrayi^ n.s. ; P.
eaUfarmcum, Meian., refiarred to new section Ihtravia}.

JBuU. Blot. Soc. France (t. xviii., p. 2)— D. Clos, **0n some
Plant-nameti." — Duby, " New Genus of Mosses firom New Caledonia"
BesoherdUa, tab. 1). — C. Roumegu^re^ "New Locality tot Ckikrm
cancelUdua and hirudmoim.^* — ^A. Fee, " On Taxooomy of Ferns." —
X. Buval-Jonve, " On Two Grasses of environs erf MontpelliiMr."—-
H. A. Weddell, "Lichens of the Granite of Ligugj§." — J. Decaiane^
** Three New Genera collected by A. David in C^na" {(ktr^fopm^
Corylaoeas ; Camptoiheea^ Nyssaeeffi ; Bemauxia^ Diapemie«B). — ^EL
Mei^ " GlyoogeneBis in the Vegetable Kingdom." — E, Prillieux^ " On
ikb Colour and Tiridescenee of NeoUia Nidm-avis,^^ — M. Comu,
^ New Speeies of Bnteramorpha " {K Flanebonian0),'--B. Ch^^ellior,
** On th^ Origin of Crocus saMvtu.^^

Ann. des 8c. Nat. (koc. 6, i xviii., n. 4 — 6).— A. Cri6, " De
PhyllostictdBcrwTstm Distnbuticme Geographic." — £. Founder, " Filioas
Nov» Caledonifls, Ennmeratio MoaographicB" (86 new species ; Four^
niera, Bommer, n. g;). — F. W. Klatf, " On some Composita of Senegal^
Madagascar, Bourbon, &c." (19 new speciea). — J. Boassingault, "On
the Bopture of the Pelliole of Fruits exposed to ceatinuous Rain."

Fhr^^X. Miiller, "Six New North American Mosses."— C.
Sausskneeht, "On the Species of ^moritf, sect Spharocapnos, DC."
{F. Jmkm, n.B.).-~S. Dippel, " The New Objective-System •f Carl
Zeiss and Prof. Abbes' lUuminatiag Apparatus" (tab. vLi.). — ^A.

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32 BOTANICAL VBWS.

Geheeb, *^ Barhula sinuosa, Wils., a new member of the Qerman Moss-
Flora." — J. Miiller, " Lytwrw Claraziantes^ Mull. Arg." (tab. vi.B.) —
F. Arnold, " Lichens of the French Jura.'*

Hedwigia, — G. v. Niessl, " On Sordaria appendietdatay Auersw.,
and S, Curvulay De Bary."

£ot Zeitung. — P. Ascherson, **0n Hymmophyllum tunhridgmse; on
JBydnora americana, R. Br., and Prosopanche Bwrmeiateri, De Bary "
(see p. 26).— M. Treub, ** Cultivation of Lichens" (tab. viii.A.). — R.
A. Philippi, " On Chilian Species of Mwardsia (tab. viii.B., 4 new
8pecies).-^0 TJhlworm, "On the Development of the Trichome^
with special reference to Prickles " (tab. ix. and x.). '

Oesterr. Bot, Zeitschr, — A. Val de Lievre, " Notes on Ranwncu-
lacea, &c. *' (contd.). — R. de TJechtritz, " Geranium rutkenieum, sp.
nov." — L. Celakovsky, ** Phytographicai;; Contributions; Pastinaca
tirensy Reg." — H. Kemp, ** Supplement to Flora of neighbourhood of
Yorarlberg." — ^R. v. TJechtritz, " Notes on Schultzand Winter's Herb.
Normale."

Botanuka Nbtiser (15 Nov.). — A Blytt, ^'Fhntago borealis, Lange,
a new Scandinavian Plant." — J. Eriksson and 8. A. TuUberg, " Notes
on Flora of Scania." — Swedish and Danish Botanical Literature,
1872 ; Finnish ditto, 1871-72.

I^eta Booh, — A. Franchet and L. Savatier, " Enumeratio Planta-
rum in Japonia Sponte Crescentium," vol. i., pt. 1. Banunculaeea —
AraUace(B. (Paris, 1874. 7s. 6d.). — J. A. van Bemmelen, " Reper-
torium annuum Literaturffi Botanicae periodicae," vol. i., 1872.
(Haarlem, 1873. 3s. 6d.)

Dr. A. Gray's Botanical Contributions to the Proc. of the
American Academy for 1873 consist of descriptions of new genera and
species of North American plants, chiefly Mexican and Califomian.
Brewerina is a new genus of Silenese from the Sierra Nevada, dedicated
to Prof. W. H. Brewer, of Yale College ; Ghiesbreghtia belongs to
Scrophulariaceee, and is named after Dr. Ghiesbreght, who collected it
in Mexico. The notes on Compositse which follow are a sort of com-
mentary on Mr. Bentham's recent work on the order. A revision of
the genus Bigchvta, DC. {ChrysothamnuB Nutt.) is given, and
MesoneurtSf a new genus of Senecionidese from Mexico, described.

In electing Dr. Hooker to the presidency of the Royal Society, that
body has shown its sense of the vcdue of his scientiflc work and public
services, and has paid him the highest honour in its power. Botany
is honoured, too, in the appointment ; and with a naturalist in the
chair — ^the first since Sir Joseph Banks — there will be no danger of
the biological sciences being neglected for the physical ones.

A notice has been sent to the members of the Botanical Exchange
Club stating that the ill health of Dr. Boswell-Syme, the Curator, has
hitherto prevented the issue of their return parcels this year, as well
as the publication of the report for 1872, but that it is hoped that
both will shortly be effected. It is further proposed that the opera-
tions of the club be now suspended for one year, i.e., till the end
of 1874, when Mr. Duthie, who will then be a resident in Edinburgh,
has undertaken to assist the present Curator in his labours.

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33

Anginal $lltttt{eje(.

ON THE GREAT WATER-DOCK OF ENGLAND.

By Hekkt Tbiksk, M.B., F.L.S.

(Tab. 140.)

AaAiK, through Mr. Warren's skilled acuteness in the field, I am
able to place another Rumex — R, maximua^ Schreb. — on the British list.
As in the case of R. syhestris^ figured and described in the last volume
(p. 129, t. 131), so in the present communication the object aimed at is
rather to incite English botanists to a closer study of these perplexing
plants, and to call attention to the range of form assum^ by some
common and neglected species, than to affect to add to our flora
** a new British plant."

The great Water-Dock has always been a familiar plant to the
botanists of tiiis country. It was well understood by Gerard, Parkinson,
Bay, Petiver and others, as is seen from their descriptions and
specimens, though their rough figures are, except that of Petiver, un-
satisfactory. From the root having been conddered a drug of some
importance, the plant was more generally familiar. As we so
frequently notice in tracing the history of the knowledge of British
plants, the writings of Linnseus, founded on too scanty material and
with imperfect and brief descriptions, instead of simplifying matters
led for a time to confusion. It is not very clear what LinnsBus did
witii the plant, which he must have known, in his '^ Species Planta-
ram" ; probably he included it under his R. aquatiem, where he quotes
Munting's figure, which is no doubt our plant. In tiie same standard
book, however, Linnseus named a North American species collected
by Clayton R. Britannioa^* and Hudson, when in the first edition
(1762) of his <' Flora Anglica," he tried, as in duty bound, to fit all
our plants to Linnseus' names, not unnaturally though erroneously
referred the great Water-Dock to this unfortunately-named species.
He corrects himself, however, in his second edition (1778), where
he bestows upon it as a specific name the old title of Hydrolapathum,

Bchreber in 1604, in the addenda to Schweigger and Korte's
''Flora Erlangensis," defined a Dock which differed from R. Hydro*
lapatkum in the obliquely ovate or cordate base of the root-leaves and
the denticulate and cordate petals, and which he named R. maocimus.
The plant with these characters has been generally recognised on
the Continent, and is almost universally — except by those botanists
who, as will be presently noticed, consider it a hybrid — accorded the
rank of a species.

In bringing this form before the notice of English botanists, it

* Dr. A. Gray has only recently satisfactorily determined this to be the plant
called by him in his <' Manual " £. orbhulatt4s.{aQe Joum. Bot 1872, p. 211).
W.«. VOL. 3. [PEBBUAEr, 1874,] D

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34 Oir THS GBKAT WATER-DOCK 07 EKOLAITD.

miut be remembered that I am only re-introdacing an old acquaint-
ance. So long back as 1843, in the first edition of his '' Manual,"
Prof. Babington stated that a plant in the possession of Mr. Borrer,
''from Lewes in Sussex, wiU probably prove to be ^. maximus,
Schreb." ; and although from the omission of the observation in the
second and all subsequent editions we may suppose some doubt to have
been felt, yet after the lapse of thirty years its correctness has been
establishedL It is rather remarkable that the plant should for so
long have dropped out of notice ; the specimens are still in Borrer's
herbarium, now public property at Kew, yet even Mr. Hemsley in his
papers on Sussex botany has taken no note of them, and indeed the
only remark in British books about the plant is the formula, ** Error
— a misnomer? " with which Mr. Watson disposes of M. maximu* in
his '' Compendium" (p. 556).

Last summer Mr. Warren, having had his attention previously
directed to the matter, carefiilly searched the neighbourhood of Lewes —
a grand locality apparently for Docks — and had the satisfaction of
findiag the pla^t of which a specimen is here figured. This agrees
with &e characters of B. maximus, and with Continental specimens so
named, and is the same — ^as we have together determined — as the
specimens in Borrer^s herbarium (some of which were gathered by
Joseph Woods) collected in several places near Lewes in 1843-49.

The characters by which i2. mMximut differs from B. Hydrola-
pathum are, I believe, eonfined to the perianth, the fruit, and the
root-leaves. The following description of these points is taken entirely
from Mr. Warren's Lewes plant : — MUly ripe inner perianth-leaveg
triangular or triangular-ovate with a rounded or slightly cordate base,
blunt at the apex, variable in size, the largest as broad as long, about
^ inch each in diameter, the smallest about ^long by ^wide, strongly
and prominently veined, always denticulate in the lower half, but
the denticulations varying from well-marked triangular teeth to mere
prominences formed by the veins running out beyond the margin, aU
tubercled, tubercles hi as long as the perianth-leaves. Nut broader in
proportion to length than in ^. Hydroloj^hum^ about i inch long by
A wide. JRoot'leaves broader and shorter than in JR, Hydrohpathum
(in ilie specimens 13-16 inches long by 4-6 wide), ovate, abruptly
rounded, or even slightly cordate at the base, with the two sides unsym-
metrical, never attenuated into the leaf-stalk. — These points are shown
in the figure, where details oiR. ffydrolapathum have been aMed for
the sake of contrast, the whole carefrdly drawn to scale. I have not
had the opportunity of seeing the plant alive, but the branches are said
to be more divaricate and the whorls less dense than those of the com-
mon plant) and the colours of the leaves and root to differ from those in
the latter.

Though extremes purposely selected — as those figured — show con-
spicuous differences, a comparative study of many specimens prevents
me from considering the two plants distinct. Whether when growing
they present stronger differences I cannot say, but in the herbarium,
specimens can be readily found which appear to occupy quite an inter-
mediate position, or even a series which wUl bridge the extremes.
As, however, i2. maximui occupies the rank of a species in the works
of sucb botanists as Fries, Koch, and indeed nearly all Continental

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OK THB GSSAT WATBE«>DOOK OF WXQLAJn). 35

writers, it will be proper to say a little more on the yalue of the cha-
racters above given. None of t^em, I think, can be held to be in this
genus of very great importance. As to the dentioulation of the
petals, short triangular (not setaceous) tootiung not unfrequentlv
occurs in other usually entire-petalled species, e.g., M. critpusy and it
has been shown that species which normally exhibit such denticulations
have toothless varieties, e.g., ^. ohtusifoUiM ; the slight importance of
the character is further indicated by its great difEerence in degree even
in the same whorl of flowers, where may be found every gradation
down to almost complete entireness. The form of the base of the
root-leaves has been much used as a character to separate nearly allied
species in this genus, but is, taken alone, quite insufficient ; tapering
and abruptly rounded bases are certainly found in the same species, e.g.,
R, palustriSf without being correlated with any other differences. It
must be admitted, however, that the contrast in this respect between
well-marked R, Hydrolapathum and R. maacimus is very striking, the
unequal base of the latter being especially remarkable.*

The following is the synonymy, with references to figures : —

R. Htdbolapathum, Huds. Fl. Ang., ed. 2, p, 154 (1778) ; Meisn. in

DC. Prod, xiv., p. 47.
ZfOpathum magnum, Ger. emac., 389, et alior.
Lapathum maximiAm aquaticum seu Hydrolapathum, Bay, Syn., ed.

3, p. 140, et alior.
Britanniea anttquorum vera, Hunting, Be vera Herba Brit., p. 14.
R. Britannica, Huds.Fl. Angl., ed. 1, p. 185 (non L.).
R. aqtuUious, Smith, PI. Brit., p. 394, et auct. plur. (non L.f)
Tab. — ^Muntingl.c.,t. 1 ; J. Bauhin, Hist Plant. i.,p.987 ; Petiver,

Herb. Brit. Cat., t. ii., f. 1 ; Woodville Med. Bot., ed. 3, f.

229? ; E.B., t. 2104, reprod. Syme E.B. viil, t. mccxx (bad) ;

Leight FL Shropsh., p. 153 (details) ; FL Dan., t. 2348 ;

Reichenb. Icon. Bot, t. 370 ; Sturm, Deutschl. FL. bd. 17, hfb.

73, n. 15 ; Hayne, Darst. & Beschr. Arzn. Gew., bd. 13, t. 4,

fig. dextra.

Far. p. latifolius, Borrer MS. in herb.
R. maximm, Schreb. in add. Schweigg. & Koerte, Fl. Erlang. L,

p. 152 (1804) ; Meisn. Lc, p. 48.
R. aquatieuB, Campd. Rum., p. 100, fide Meisn. Lc. (non L.f)
R. heterophyllus, Schultz, FL Starg. Supp., p. 12.
R. aeutus, Palmstruch, Svensk. Bot, 161 (non L.)
R. Hydrolapathum x aquatious, Ascherson, FL Brand., p. 585;

G. W. F. Meyer, FL Haunov., p. 458 ; et alior.
Tab.—¥\. Dan., t 2347 ; Sturm Lc, n. 16 ; Svensk. Bot, 1 161.

R. Hydrolapathum proper is a common plant through Central and
Korthem Europe, probably reaching into Asia, but does not extend to

• It is ^rth noticing here that, alone of British handbooks, the *' Stud^it's
Floia " of Dr. Hooker (p. 312) gives such a definition (A the leaves of M, HydrO'
lapathumt "rounded, cordate, or acute at the base," as will include under the
spedes also jB. maximus. , ^ „

t M,a0taticu8 of Linnseus probably, as Fries considers, included i?. Mydro-
lapathum, £. nummm, £. domesticut, and R, Mippolapathum ; there can, how-
ever, be litUe doubt that the last-named was the plant chi^y in view. But
it is surely better to abandon the use of aquatieua as a specific name in the genus.

D 2

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36 THK MOSraS OF BODIH.v's " HOBTUS SIOCUSJ'*

the fiir narth, where its place is occupied by B. Hippolapathum and
R. domegticus. Of immbered collections, it is fonnd in Billot, n. 3768
(Strasbonrg),, Herb. Fl. Ingricae, n. 532 (St Petersburg), Fries' Herb.
Kormale, 1 6, n. 52 (Stockholm, a plant with intermediate characters
approaclnng R. maximus). In England it is frequent in the south,
but does not get further north than Ayr and Perth. R. maximus^
though apparently always a less common plant than the type, seems
to haye a wider range. In addition to many European specimens, I
have seen what I believe to be the same plant from the widely distant
stations of Formosa (Oldham, n. 439) and the Azores (Hunt., n. 216*).
It is also recorded from the Cape Yerd Islands (Schmidt Fl. Cap. Yerd,
p. 178), and doubtfally from America. In this country it has hitherto
been observed only in Sussex (Woods !, Borrer !, Warren !) and Surrey
(Cut Mill Pond, Warren I).

This notice would be imperfect were no reference made to the view
held by many Continental botanists of eminence that R, maximus is a
hybrid between R, Hydrolapathwn and R. Hippolapathum. This
opinion, exjM'essed by G. F. W. Meyer, Ascherson, and other German
writers, has been supported by Crepin, after an elaborate comparative
examination of the plants, tiie details of which are given at great
length in his "Kotes," fasc. v., pp. 78-90. The French botanists
generally do not mainUiin the hybrid theory.

As one of the^resumed parents, R, Hippolofathum^ does not occur
in this country, the question may be decided so fcur as the
alleged parentage is concerned. Even if English R. maximus be a
hybrid, R. Hippolapathum cannot be one of its progenitors, and it is
difficult to suggest any other cross with R, Sydrolapathum lik^y to
result in the plant. But so far as our material goes at present, the
facts seem to be met and explained better by considering R. maximus^
as I have done above, to be a variety of the commoner species. Cr6piQ
states the flowers to be very frequently abortive and sterile, but this
is not the case in Mr. Warren's specimens, in which the nuts are
abundantly produced, and apparently healthy and fuUy developed.
But the determination of the fact of hybridity in wild plants is well
nigh impossible without experimental cultivation for a series of years.
Explanation of Tab. 140.
Sumex maximua, Schreb., from specimens collected hy the Hon. J. L. Warren
near Lewes, Sussex, in 1872. Fig. 1. Inner perianth segment ; 2. Enlarged
perianth with fully ripe fruit ; 3. Nut ; 4.- OutUne of one &se of nut ; 5. Boot-
tea^ i nat. size, (la, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a. The.same parts of IL Ifydrolapaiktm, Huds.)
All the details x 4 diam.

THE MOSSES OP BUDDLE'S "HORTUS SICCUS''

EZAHIKED AMD DETSRMINEB BY S- O. LdTDBEEG, M.D.

[The herbarium of the Rev. Adam Buddie was formed during the
end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century. The speci-

* This is in the Kew Herbarium, and an immature speeimen. It is the plant
named J2. Oaldeirarum by Watson, which Meisner (l.c., p. 43) refers to S. aqua-
tieus, L. {= Stppolapathum, Fries). In the same herbarium Areschoug has inad-
vertently misnamed *< R, tnaximut " a specimen from Kew Gardens which is
certainly not that plant, and perhaps i?. Fatmtia,

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THB X08SB8 OF BUDMJt's '* H0BTU8 SlOCUa.^ 37

menS) in accordance with the osnal practice at that period, are fias-
tened into folio books, seyeral kinds being crowded into a page in no
strict order. The whole British collection consists of 18 TolumeSi
and the Mosses are contained in voL iL, occupying folios 14 to 36.
Each page (folio) is numbered, and under the specimens Buddie has
written tiie names and other information. There is besides another
Tolame, forming no part of the consecutiye series, which contains on
folios 1 to 9 a collection of Mosses ; these, which were perhaps col-^
lected at an earlier date than the others, are usually better specimens
and more carefully mounted then them, but are, with five or six ex-
ceptions, duplicates.

Buddie died in 1715,* and left his herbarium to Sir Hans Sloane,
of whose valuable " Hortus Siccus " — the original " National Her-
barium" — still preserved intact in the British Museum, it forms vols,
cziv. to cxxv ; the collection of extra Mosses is in vol. liv. of the
series. Each ^ecimen has been numbered by Sir Hans Sloane and
others to facilitate reference.

The text-book of English botanists in Buddie's days was the second
edition of Eay's '* Synopsis," published in 1696, and the names used
in this herbarium are mostly those of that excellent British Flora ;
Buddie, however, made numerous additions to our Moss-flora, in which
group he was especially skilled. His collection of these plants was
inde^ considered the best of the time, and was lent to Toumefort at
Paris, and to Fetiver, Bobart, and others, in England. Bobart's letter
of thanks, inserted in the volume, is well worth publication.
"Oxon, JApril, 4, 1707.— Sir, I am now to be thankfuU to God
and my Friends that I have not onl^ seen, but had the perusall of (as
I think) the best collection of its kind in the world, and is as instruc-
tive as admirable : if the intellectuall is the best part of mankind
certainly whosoever contributes to that is the most amiable and per-
forms the greatest part of humanitie. I return your Book of Mosses
with as many thanks as there [are] leaves among the said Mosses ; to
which I have sometimes added a plant and sometimes a note, which
I offer to your maturer judgment, to^be ejected at pleasure ; if anything
of my endeavours proves pertinent, I have my aime. You will, Sir,
easily And my imperfections and defects by this inclosed long Bill,f
any of which if to be spared, would prove very acceptable to my
small collection, and heartily give thanks that you have been pleased
to open our eyes that we may the better discover the wealth of our
owne country, I being now sensible that we have passed over diverse
wittiout sense of distinction. I hope you will safely receive your
Book sent bv Mrs. Bartlet to the Swan at Holbom bridge carraige-
paid; and if your candour will prompt you to excuse the Libertie I

* It will be as well to give here the few additional points which have come
to light (mainly through the assiduity of the Be v. W. W. Newbould) relative to
AcUmi Buddie* since the publication of mv memoir in the ** Flora of Middlesex."
He was a Fellow of St. Oatherine's HaU, Cambridge, and a non-juror, but he
afterwards complied. He was presented to the rectory of North Fambridge,
Essex, in 1708, and was for many years Reader to Dean Moss, in Gray's Inn,
where he died in April, 1715. He was buried on the 15th of that month in the
pariah church of St Andrew's, Holbom.— fl. T.

t A list of desiderata which accompanies the letter.

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38 tHB MOSSES OF BTTDDLb's ** HOBTITS 8100118."

take bj this inolosed note, you will add obligations to, Sir, yonr most
obliged servant, J. Bobart. ' The speoimens added by Bobart to the
collection are included in the following enumeration.

Dr. Dillenius of Oxford also had the use of the collection in the
preparation of the third edition of Bay's '^ Synopsis," which he edited
and which appeared in 1724 ; in the preface he thanks Sir H. Slosme for
the loan, and acknowledges the great help derived from it, especially in
working up the Cryptogams. Many of Buddie's species were here
first published by Dillenius, who has usually referred to the '' Hortos
Siccus " itself.

During the summer of 1872 Dr. Lindberg, of Helsingfors, then on
a visit to London, carefully went over the whole of Buddie's Mosses
and determined them. In the following enumeration his determina-
tions are given, and in arranging the list for publication the plants
have been arranged in the sequence most familiar to British botanists.
I have only printed the leading name of Buddie's labels, and it must be
sufficient to mention here that they — as well as his MS. Flora, the key
and companion to the Herbarium— contain numerous synonyms and
localities which it would occupy too much space to transcribe. When
readily identified with the published names in the Dillenian edition
of Bay's "Synopsis," I have added, in brackets, a reference to the
page and number of species in that book (R. Syn. iii.). The fdLio of
Buddie's herbarium is quoted as E ; the second figure is the number of
the specimen.

Only the probably British specimens are included in the list.
Mingled with them the herbarium contains a few exotic and European
species from Doody and Petiver.* None of these have been nimied
by Buddie, and though all — ^as well as manyotherunnamed specimens —
were determined by Dr. Lindberg, it does not seem of any practical
use to extend this list by their insertion. — H. T.]

Hepatic^.

Hiceia natanSf L., ster. — L. parvus aquatilis cordiformis ima parte
fimbriatus Lentis palustris mode aquis innatans, Budd. F. 15, 9 ; F.
9,10. (R. Syn. iii,, 116, 2!)

B. fluitans^ L., a., ster. — ^Lactuca aquatica tenuifolia segmentis
bifidis, Mus. Pet., f. 253. F. 18, 15.

FegaUlla conica^ L. (Badd.), c. fnict. — Lichen sen Hepatica vul-
garis, R. Syn, p. 40. F. 15, 1 ; F. 9, 6. — ^. — Lichen verrucosus,
Doody, R. Syn., p. 41. F. 15, 4. (R. Syn. iii., 114, 1.)

Preissia commutata (Lindenb.), N.Es., c.fr. — Lichen petrseuscauli-
culo longo pileolum parvum sustinente, Budd. F. 15, 6. (R. Syn.,
115,21)

* On one of these Dr. Lindberg famishes the following oritioal note : —
MeteoHum tetragonum (Sw,), Lindb., ster. Budd. Herb. P. 34, 35. "A
Jamaica.'^ — Plajita humilis, robusta, foliis contraoto et satjlonge acute^ue apiou-
latis, marginibus snpeme conniventi-involntis et serratis, nervo simpbci, tenpi,
snpra mediiim semper dissolutis, interdnm infra apicolnm. His notis specimina
ad amussim cum eisdem authenticis I/ypni tetragono ipdus ill. Swartzii et cum
descriptione et delineationibus speciei m Hedw. Sp. Muse., p. 246, t. 63, ft,
1 — 3 congruunt, sed nullo modo cum diagnod Gil. Muller et Mitten publico
enarrata. Yix dubitanter Neckera quinguefaria, C. MulL Synops. ii est
•ynonyma cum vero Meteorio UtragonOf Sw. !

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T9B MOSSES OF BUDDLB's '^ HOBTUS UCCUl." 39

Mgrchantia polymarpha^ L., o.fr. — Lichen petrssus stellatas, 0. B.
F, 15, 2. — L. seminifera pyxide folio'ladnascente, pilo pediculo longo
insidente, S. Eobinson, E. Syn., 4. F. 9, 7. — ^ — Mnscus p^trsBOS
umbellatus, C. B,, R. Syn,, p. 40. F. 15, 3 ; F. 9, 9. (B. Syn. iiL,
115, 5.)

Imnularia vulgarity Mich., ster. et propagolif. — ^L. sen Hepatica
lunulata tiri^»xxo»«p«of, D. Dale, B. Syn., p. 41. F. 15, 5. (B. Syn.,
115, 5.)

Metz§eriaf»reata (L.), N.Es., ster. — ^L. panms repens foL angastia
BOB squamosis ceranoides, Budd. F. 17, 15. — M. lichenoides parvus
corticibus arbonun adnascens foliolis angustis non squamosis, Budd.
F. 16, 3 ; F. 9, 4.

Aneurapinnatifida {Sw.\'SJSA,y ster. & gonidiifera. — " Lactuca
aquat. tenuifolia segmentis bifidis, Fetiver," Bobart MS. F. 15, 10
&11.

PeUia ep'^hyUa (L.), Eadd., ^9X,fwrcata, N.Es., ster. — L. parvus
erectus foliolis profiinde laciniatis, Pluk. Phyt., t. 42, f. 2. F. 15, 8.
(B. Syn. iii, 110,4.)

-P. ealyctna (Tayl.), N.Es., c.fir. — ^L. petrseus calceato, C. B., B.
Syn., p. 41. F. 15, 7 ; F. 9, 8. (R. Syn. iii., 110, 8.)

FrnUania dilatata (L.), N.Es., colesulif. — M. lichenoides foliis
cauli squamatim incumbentibus angustis, Doody in app. B. Syn.,
p. 339. F. 16, 4; F. 9, 1. (R. Syn. iii., Ill, 11.)

Madotheca platyphylla (L.), Bum., «., c.fr. — M. muralis platy-
phyllos, D. Bobart in B. Syn. 22. — M. terrestris squamosus elegans in
humidis nascens surculis et foliis Thujse instar compressis, B. Syn.,
39. F. 16, 1, ster.; F. 9, 3, c.fr. (B. Syn. iii., Ill, 10.)

M, 2%wya (Dicks.), Dum., ?, ster. — M. trichomanis facie minima
fol. rupium fissuris dense cespite proveniens, D. Bichardson, Bob.
Hist. Ox., 627. F. 8, 13.

Radula oomplanata (L.), Dum., c.fr. — Lichen parvus in corticibus
arborum humidis repens fol. subrotundis squamatim incumbentibus, B.
Syn., 41. F. 16,;2; F. 9, 2. (R. Syn. iii.. Ill, 10.)

Trichocolea iomentella (Ehrh.), Dum., ster. — M. filioinus perelegans
crispatus, D. Dandridge, Mus. Pet. 43, 8. F. 16, 5 ; F. 9, 5. (B
Syn. iii.. Ill, 7.)

Physiotium cochlearifonm (Hook.), N.Es., ster. — ^M. trichoma-
/loides purpureus alpinis rivulis innascens, D. Lhwyd, B. Syn., p. 40.
F. 16, 13. (R. Syn. iii., 112, 17.)

Mastigohryum trtlohatum (L.), N.Es., ster. — M. trichomanoides
viticulis brevibus crassis semel interdum divisis, Budd. N.D. F. 17,
10; F. 8, 14.

Zepidozia reptam (L.), Dum., ster. — ^M. sen L. pereziguus ele-
ganter squamosus et ramosus terra fibrillis adhserens, Budd. F. 16, 9.

Calypogeia trichomanis (L.), Corda., ster. — A Buddie coll. inter
muscos pal. repens. F. 17, 6.

Lophocoleahidentata (L.), Dum. — M. lichenoides fol. pennatis bifidis
major, ;Doody in app. B. Syn., 339. P. 17, 4, c. infl. 8 ; F. 8, 9,
ster. (R. Syn. iii., 113, 19.)'

ChiloscyphtM polyanthm (L.), Cord., a., ster.-^M. polytrichoides
pellucidus fere fol. denticulatis ad margines veluti crispis, PL Phyt.,
t. 98, 8. F. 17, 8.— Var. /3. pallescem (Ehrh.), Carringt., ster.—

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40 THl K0S8E8 OF BXTDDLe's ''HOBTUS SICCUS.^

Lichen minimus albescens caulicolis reptans fol. pinnatus, capitnlis
nigris lucidis, R. Syn., p. 41. F. 17, 7. (B. Syn. iii., 1 13, 22.)

Jung&rmannia Ueu9pidata^ L., cfr. — ^M. lichenoides fol. pennatis
bifidis minor, Doody in app. R. Syn., 839. F. 17, 9 ; F. 8, 12. (R.
Syn.iii., 118, 20.)

J. Taylorif Hook., <? et colesulif. — " M. trichomanis facie species
TniT^imft fol. crispis a rupium fissoris denso csBspite proveniens. — J).
Richardson, 43. Hist. Ox., 627," Dr* Richardson MS. F. 17, 12.

J. alhieanSf L., c.fr. — ^M. lich. pennatus non bifidus erectns capitnlis
quadripartitis e summitate exenntibus, Bndd. F. 17, 13; F. 8, 11.
(R. Syn. iii., 113,23!)

Scapania undulata (L.), Dum., var. irUsgrifoUa, gonidiifera ster. —
M. lich. pennatus non bmdus fol. crebris et confertis fuscis, Budd.
F. 17, 14; F. 8, 10.

Plagioehila anplmioides (L.), Dum., forma m^br, ster. — M. poly-
trichoides foL latis subrotundis, R. Syn., p. 35. F. 17, 1 ; F. 8, 7.
(R. Syn. iii., 103, 59.) — M. bifolius procumbens fol. subrotundis,
Fl. Pruss., 167. F. 17, 5. — ^Forma minor, ster. — ^M. trichomanoides
fol. rotundioribus pellucidis squamatim conjuncte sibi incumbentibas.
Bob. Hist. Ox., pi. 627, 42, tab. 6, 125. F. 17, 2.

AUeularia eompressa (Hook.), N.£s., var. fol. squarrosulis et basi
saccatis ^ ?. — M. aquat. Gomubiensiflrplurimumcapillaceisfol.exigiii8
altemis per capiUorum longitudinem adnatis, Hist. Ox., 627. F. 17,
11.

Sa^coicyphm etnarginatw (Ehrh.), Spruce, $ . — M. tiichomanoideo
purpureo Lhwyd similis sed multo minor. F. 16, 12.

SPHA.GNINJC.

Sphagmm cymhifoUum, Ehrh., cfr. — M. palustris albicans terres-
tris erectis brevibus pediculis etiam breyissinus insidentibus, R. Syn.,
37. F. 21, 3 ; F. 2, 7. (R. Syn. liL, 104, 1.)

8, ewpidatum, Ehrh., yar. phimoiumj c.fr. — M. erectus
palustris albus fol. capillaceis, Doody in app. R. Syn. F. 22, 1. (K.
Syn. iii.^ 104, 2.)

BBTIKiB.

1. Aeroearpi,

Phaseum etjupidatum, Schreb., c.£r. — M. trichoides acaulos minor
latifoHus, Mus. Pet., f. 86. F. 12, 29 ; F. 6, 5.

P. suhulatumj Bruch. (P. aeuminatum, Lindb.), cfir., et P.
aUemi/oUum, Kaulf. (P. wibtdatum, Huds., Schreb., Bedw., Lindb.),
cfr. — M. trichoides minor acaulos capillaceis fol. Mus. Pet., f. 87, et
Doody in app. R. Syn., 339. F. 29, 15 ; et P. alUmifohum. Kaulf.,
cfr. F. 6, 6.

Gpnnostomum squarrosum (N . H. S.), Wils., cfr.— M. capillaris
minimus capitulis subrotundis erectis in pedicuHs brevissimis, R. Syn.
30. F. 19, 6. (R. Syn. iii., 94, 9.)

Weissia cvrrhata (L.), Hedw., cfr. — M. trichoides minor vulgaris
foL capillaceis, Mus. Pet., f. 88. F. 31, 8 ; F. 6, IS.

W. virtdula (L.), Brid., perist pessime eyoluto. — M. capillaris
minimus capitulis subrotundis erectis in pediculis brevissimis, R. Syn.,
30. F. 31, 11. (R. Syn. iii., 94, 9 in part)— Perist optime

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THB MOSSES OP BUBBLX's " H0BTU8 SICCUS." 41

evolato. — " M. coronatus minimus capillaceis foliis capitolis oblongis,
Hist. Ox., 631. Mus. Pet.," Bobart MS. F. 31, 12.

Dwranum scoparium (L.), Hedw., cfr. — Adiantum aureum medium
foL tenuissimis capitulis erectis acutis, D. Bobart in app. ed 1. B.
Syn., 227. F. 30, 2 ; F. 7, 1. (R. Syn. iu., 95, 14.)--c. setis.—
Lichen capillaceo foL elatior pelv. rubenima, Toum. Inst, 650. F.

32, 11.

D. squarrotumy Stark, ster. — M. trichoides pal. capitulis erectis
M. reflexis, D. Bichardson in app. B. Syn., 338. F. 30, 5. (B. Syn.
iii., 95, 18.)

D. heteromdlum (L.), Hedw. — M. trichoides foL capillaceis
capitulis minoribus, Doody in app. ed. 1 B. Syn. F. 6, 17, c fr. ;
F. 30, 7, forma brachycarpa, c.fr. (B. Syn. iii., 96, 23.)

I>. pellucidum (L.), Hedw., var. Jlavescens (Dicks.), c.fr. — An M.
capillans parvus surculis tenuibus longiusculis foliolis brevibus
angustis acutis rarioribus cinctis, Dale, B. Syn., 31 ! F. 30, 10. (B.
Syn. iii., 99, 39.)

Leucohryum glauoum (L.), Schimp., ster. — M. trichoides montanus
albidus fra^s, Doody in app., 339. F. 21, 6 ; F. 7, 12. (B. Syn.
iii, 97, 29.)

Pottia trunoata (Hedw.), Turn., c.fr. — M. trichoides minimus capi-
tulis creberrimis parvis rufis brevibus pyriformibus in pediculis brevis-
simis, Vernon, B. Syn., 33. F. 31, 10 ; F. 6, 16. (B. Syn. iii., 94, 9
in part) — '*M. coronatus minimus foL et capitulis oblongis in pedi-
culis brevissimis, Hist Ox., 631," Bobart MS. F. 31, 14.

P. lanceolata{l&edw.), G. MiilL, forma paupera, seta brevis, theca
interdum obliquula, peristomio valde rudimentcuio. — M. capillaris
minimus pilosus et veluti bulbosus, Budd« F. 31, 15. (B. Syn. iii.,
93, 8 I)

P. cavifolia, Ehrh., eu, c.fr. — ^M. perpusillui pilosus et veluti bul-
bosus, Budd. N.D. F. 6, 20.

Ceratodm purpurem (L.), Brid., cfr. — ^M. trichoides parvus fol.
musci vulgaris capitulis longis acutis, Doody in app. ed. 1 B. Syn.
F. 31, 6 ; F. 7, 5. (B. Syn. iii., 99, 41.)— *• M. trichoides terrestris
minimus capitulis recurvis. Hist Ox., 629," Bobart MS. F. 31, 16.

Tortula ruralts (L.), Ehrh., cfr. — M. capillaris tectorum densis
csBspitibus capitulis oblongis foL in pilum oblongum desinentibus, B.
Syn., 28. F. 31, 1. (B. Syn. iii., 94, 10.)

T. muralis (L.), Hedw., cfr. — ^M. capillaris minor capitulis erectis
vulgatissimus, K. Syn., 28. — ^M. trichoides parvus capitula obionga
erecta habitiora per siccitate atrorubentia producens, Yemon, B. Syn.,

33. F. 31, 2 ; F. 6, 11. (B. Sjm. iii., 94, 11.)— M. capillaris tec-
torum densis csBspitibus capitulis oblongis fol. in pilum oblongum
desinentibus, B. Syn., 28. F. 6, 8.

T. Imipila (Brid.), Schwaegr., cfr. — "M. coronatus minor fol.
longis tenuissimis capitulis oblongis erectis. Hist Ox., 631," Bobart
MS. F. 31, 3.

T, intermedia (Brid.), Wils., c.fr. — M. capillaris lanugine canescens
pediculis tenuibus oblongis capitulis in mucrone longo recte sursum
exporrectis, B. Syn., 31. F. 31, 4. (B. Syn. iii. 97, 27.)

T. tuhtdata (L.), Hedw., cfr. — M. capillaris comiculis longissimisis
incurvis, B. Syn., 29. F. 31, 7 ; F. 6, 14. (B. Syn. iii., 92, 3.)

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42 THB MOSSES OF BUBDLe's ^'HOBTUS SICCUS."

T, unguieulata (Huds.), Both., c.fr. — ^M. capillaris assurgens capi-
tulis erectis apicibis fere coccineis, Buddie. F. 31, 9 ; F. 7, 4.

T. revoluta, Schrad., c. setis. — '' M. muralis minimus roseus s.
stellaris capitulis longiusculis acutis erectis. Hist. Ox., 628," Bobart
MS. F. 31, 17..

Uncalypta extinotoria (L.), Sw., c.fr., gymnost. — ^Adiantum aureum
perpusillum fol. congestis acutis pileolo extinctoris fonna semulo,
Vernon, K. Syn., 32. F. 30, 11. (R. Syn. iii., 92, 4.)

CincUdotui fontinaloides (Hedw.), P.B., c.fr. — M. fontalis minor
lucens, J. B. ex sententia D. Doody, cui facile assentior, accuratissime
enim muscosnoscit et distinguit. F. 21, 2. (R. Syn. iii., 72, 2 !) —
M. tiiangulari aquatico similis sed multo minor, Budd. Fontalis
minor lucens, J. B. F. 5, 10.

Orimmta apocarpa (L.), BEedw., c.fr. — ^An M. apocarpus arboribus
adnascens minor, Sherrard, R. Hist. vol. iii., 40. F. 29, 11. — M.
trichoides capitulis apodibus fol. angustioribus, Doody* F. 29, 16.
(R. Syn. iiL, 104, 3.)

O. puMnata (L.), Sm., c.fr. — ^M. trichoides hirsutie canescens capi-
tulis subrotundis reflexis in perbreyibus pediculis, R. Syn., 34.
F. 33, 13; F. 7, 14. (R. Syn. iu., 100, 46.)

Rhaeomtrium la/nuginomm (Hedw.), Brid., c.fr. — M. alpinus
ramosior erectus flagellis brevioribus lanuginosus, PL Phyt., 47, 5.
F. 20, 9. — ^M. terrestris vulgari similis lanuginosus, Lhwjd, R. Syn.,
37. F. 5, 9. (R. Syn. iii., 97, 28 in part.) ^

E. canescens (Web.), Brid., a., c.fr. — M. trich. lanuginosus alpinus,
Mus. Pet., f. 85. F. 20, 3. — Ster. — M. terrestris lanuginosus, D.
Lhwyd, R. Syn., 37. F. 20, 4. (R. Syn. ui., 97, 28 in part.)

R. aciculare (L.), Brid., c.fr. — ^M. aquations pileis acutis, Scamp-
ton, Mus. Pet., fig. 4. F. 30, 3.

Zygodon vi/riddssimm (Dicks.), R.Br., c.fr. — M. capillaris parvus
cum madefactus stellulsB mode se aperiens, Buddie. F. 31, 13. (R.
Syn. iii., 98, 34!)

Orthotrichum Bruchii (Homsch.), Spruce, c.fr. — M. capitulis
longis acutis pilosissimns, Sherrard, R. Syn., 33. F. 29, 9. — ^Adian-
tum aureum minimum pediculis brevibus foliis capillaceis, Mus. Pet.,
n. 26. F. 6, 4. (R. Syn, iii., 91, 6.)

0. cupulatum^ Hoffm., var. nu&um (Dicks.), c.fr. — Adiantum aureum
acaulon pileis striatis, Mus. Pet., f. 24. F. 29, 13.

0. saxatiU (Brid.), Wood, c.fr. — M. apodi varietas viz. capitel-
lum brevi pediculo innixnm, Doody. F. 29, 14.

0, diaphanumj Schrad., c.fr. — M. capitulo apodi minor hirsutns
pileis striatis, Budd. F. 29, 17. — ^M. acaulos minor hirsutus pileis
striatis, Buddie, N.D. F. 6, 10.

0. affinCf Schrad., c.fr. — Adiantum aureum acaulon pileis striatis,
Mus. Pet.., n. 24. F. 6, 7. (R. Syn. iii., 91, 5.)

Tetraphis pellucida (L.), Hedw., o.fr., et pseudopodiif. — M. capil-
laris surculis tenuibus capitulis variis aliis viz. tenuissimis in pediculis
oblongis aliis autem pulverulentis in surculorum summitatibus nuUo
fere pediculo, Buddie. F. 32, 3; F. 6, 21. (R. Syn. iii., 78, 4!)
(Conf. etiam F. 32, 5).

Atrichum undulatum (L.), P.B., c.fr. — M. capillaris majusculus

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THE M088BS OF BUDBLS's '' H0BTTT8 SIOCITs/' 43

fol. longis cam aliqualEititudine acutis rugosis, E. Syn.> 29. F. 30,
4 ; F. 6, 12. (R. Syn. iii., 96, 15.)

Pogonatum nanum (Neck.), P.B., cfr. — M. coronatas rigidus
minor et humilior capitulis villosis brevioribus, 7 Hist. Ox., 630. F.
29, 5.— -Adiantum pUeolo villoso minimam, B. Syn., 28. F. 6, 3.

P. aloides (Hedw.), P.B., o., cfr. — Adiaotum pileolo villoso mini-
mnm, R. Syn., 28. F. 29, 7. (R. Syn. iii., 91, 3.)— Var. Dieksoni
(Turn.), cfr. — Adiantum pileolo villoso minimam pediculo eximie ,
brevissimo, Badd. F. 29, 6.

Poltftrichum communey L., (^, fr. — Adiantam aaream'majas, G., R.
Syn., 28. F. 29, 1; F. 6, 1. (R. Syn. iii., 90, i.)— Forma c
setis. — M. coronatas humilis rigidior capitulis longis acatis sessilibus
erectis, Mor. Hist. Ox., pi. 630, 8, tab. 7. F. 29, 10.

P.juniperinum, Willd., cfr. — Adiantam pileolo villoso mediam, R.
Syn.i 28. F. 29, 2— a^ ; F. 6, 2. (R. Syn. iii., 90, 2.)

P. piliferumy Schreb., cfr. — ^Adiantam med[Lum pilosam capite
minore, Doody. F. 29, 3.

Aulacommon palmtre (L.), Schwaegr., cfr. et pseadopodiif. — M.
capillaris palastris flagellis longioribus bifurcatis, Mas. Pet., f. 75. —
M. trichoides major palastris citrini* coloris, Doody in app. R. Syn.
F. 32, 1—^ etfr. ; F.7, 2. (R. Syn. iii, 78, 2.)— Var. ramomm (Hads.),
ster. et pseadopodiif. — M. trichoides pulverulentis (forsitan variis)
capitulis, Vernon. F. 32, 2. (R. Syn. iii., 78, 3 !)

A. and/rogynum(Jj.\ Schwaegr, cfr. etpseudopod&if. — M. trichoides
alter minor capitulis variis, Budd. F. 32, 4. — Ster et pseadopodiif.* —
M. trichoides parvus capitulo conglomerate sea Botryoide, R. Syn.,

33. F. 32, 5 ; F. 6, 9. (R. Sp., iii., 78, 1.)— M. capitulo Botry-
oide surculis et pediculis longioribus viridissimis, Doody. F. 32, 6.

Bryum roieum (Weiss.), Neck., ^ . — M. steUaris roseus, J. B. R.
Hist., p. 113. F. 28, 5 ; F. 3, 10. (R. Syn. iii, 92, 1.)

B. captUare, L., cfr. — M. capiUaris foliolis latiuscidis congestis
capitulis oblongis reflexis, Doody, R. Syn., 33. F. 33, 3; F. 7, 11.
(R. Syn. iii., 100, 45.) (Conf. etiam F. 33, 5, et F. 7, 10,cespites
sinistri)

B, nutans, Schreb., cfr. — M. trichoides capitulo parvo reflexo pedi-
culo ima mediatate rubro summa luteo-viridi, R. Syn., 34. F. 33,
5 ; F. 7, 10, cespites dextri. (R. SyQ. iii., 100, 44.)

B, himum, Schreb., cfr.— M. capillaris major et elatior capitulis
longis obtusis deorsum reflexis et veluti pendulis prsealtis pediculis
rubrifl, Vernon, R. Syn., 34. F. 33, 2. (R. Syn., iii., 101, 50.)

B^psettdO'triqmtrum (Hedw.), Schwaegr., cfr. — ^M. capillaris foliolis
angustis congestis capitulis reflexis, Buddie. F. 33, 6 (conf. etiam
F. 33, 9, cespes sinister). — M. palustris rubens capitulis reflexis in
pediculis prselongis a D. Doody ostensum et ita nominatum, N.D.
F. 7, 9 (ad sinistrum). B. aHpinum^ Huds., ster. (ad dextrum).

B, argenteum, L., cfr. — M. argenteus capitulis reflexis, R. Syn.,

34. (R. Syn. iii., 100, 47.) F. 33, 7 ; F. 13, 7.

B. paHenSf Sw., cfr. — M. capillaris palustris rubens capitulis re-
flexis, Doody. F. 33, 9, cespes dexter. (R. Syn. iii., 102, 55.)

* Gsespes alius tamen est Tetraphis pellucida (L.), Hedw., ster. et pseudopo-
diif.

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44 THE MOSSES OF BUDDLE's "HOBTUS SIOCITS."

B, atropurpureumj W. M., B. S., cfr. — Musco argenteo persimilis
excepto colore, Buddie. F. 33, 11.

£. carneumf L., cfr. — M. trichoides fontanus minor capitulis tur-
gidulis reflexis camei colons, Yemon. M. trich. minor fol. capilla-
ceis viridissimis, K. Syn., 32. F. 33, 12. (B. 8yn. iii., 102, 53.)

Mnium cuspidatum, Hedw., ster. — M. polytrichoides aquaticus fol.
crebris extremis obtusis et subrotundis, E. Syn., p. 36. F. 17,3;
F. 8, 8. (R. Syn. iii., 103, sub 57.)

M, undulatum (L.), Neck., cfr. — M. trichoides ramosus fol. long,
lucidis et yeluti crispis, Doody, E. Syn., p. 36 et p. 32, n. 20 et
21. F. 28, 3; F. 3, 3. (R. Syn, iii., 103, 60.)

M, punctatum (L.), Reich., cfr. — M. trichoides foliis serpylli
rotundis, Doody in app. R. Syn., p. 838. F. 28, 7 et 8 ; F. 8, 2.
(R. Syn. iii., 102, 57.)

If. homum, L., ^ — M. erectus ramosus oblongifolius, J. Loeselii in
Fl. Prussica, 168. F. 28, 13.— c fr. — M. stellaris sylvarum capitulis
magnis nutantibus, Vernon, R. Syn., 35. F. 83, 1 ; F. 7, 6. (R.
Syn. iii., 102, 51.)

M. insignsy Mitt., ster. — "This was sent by Dr. Richardson,
b^ the name of Adiantum anni. humilius fol. oblongis raris pallide
Tiridantibus et vix pellucidis,*' Bobart MS. F. 34, 2.

Fi^naria hygrometrica (L.), Sibth., cfr. — M. capillaris pediculis
bulbosis uncialibus pallidis capitula oblonga reflexa sustinentibus, R.
Syn., p. 34. M. trich. minoribus fol. ad caulem convolutis capitulis
subrotundis reflexis, Doody in app. ed. 1. R. Syn. Adiantum
medium palustre fol. bulbi in modum se amplexantibus capitulis erectis,
D. Davies, R. Syn., 32. Adiantum aureum minus foliis bulbi in mo-
dum dispositis, Vernon, R. Syn., p. 33. F. 33, 10 ; F. 7, 7. (R.
Syn. iii., 101, 49.)

Fhyscomttrium pyriforme (L.), Brid., cfr. — M. capillaris parvus
capitulis magnis pyriformibus erectis in pediculis brevibus, Doody, R.
Syn., p. 29. F. 30, 9 ; F. 6, 18. (R. Syn. iii., 93, 7.)

Bartramia fontana (L.), Sw., ^ et cfr. — ^M. palustris cinereo
viridis scapis longis tenuibus fol. brevissimis, R. Syn., 32. M.
stellaris ramosus pal. pediculo aureo erecto capitulo magno sphsBrico,
R. Syn., p. 33. F. 30, 1 ; F. 7, 3. (R. Syn. iii., 98, 32.)

B. pomiformis (L.), Hedw., var. p. orispa (Sw.), cfr. — M. tri-
choides medius capitulis sphsericis, Doody, R. Syn., 30. F. 30, 8 ; F.
6, 13. (R. Syn. iii., 97, 31.)

Splachnum ampullaceum^ L., cfr. — ^Adiantum aureum minus
palustre capitulis erectis coronatus, Sherrard, R. Syn., p. 30. F.
30, 6 ; F. 7, 8. (R. Syn. iii., p. 93, 6.)

Fissidem adiantoides (L.), Hedw., cfr. — M. pennatus capitulis
adianti, Mor. Hist. 3, tab. 6. F. 28, 9. — M. filicifolius seu pennatus
aquaticus maximus, R. Syn., p. 35. F. 28, 11 — 'E.hrevuetaj cfr. ; F.
8, 4. (R. Syn. iii., 87, 39.)

F. taxifoUus (L.), Hedw., cfr. — ^M. filicifolius seu pennatus minor
pinnulis pluiimis ad mediam costam latiusculis crebris, R. Syn., p. 35.
F. 28, 10 ; F. 8, 5. ^ (R. Syn. iii., 88, 41.)

F, incurvuSf Stark, theca optime curvata. — M. polytrichoides
perexiguus capitulis in summis surculis seu foliis subrotundis erectis,
R. Syn., p. 35. F. 28, 12 : F. 8, 6. (R. Syn. iii., 88, 42.)

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THB X08SSS OF BUDBLE's '' HOBTUS SICCUS.*' 45

2- PUurocarp*.

Zeucodon sciuroides (L.), Schwaegr., ster. et propagulif. —
Ifuscus arboreus clavatus, i.e., summitatibaB caulium pulvere seminali
repletis, Budd. F. 14, 1. — M. repens serici modo lucens viticulis
longioribus erectis, D. Doody in app. R. Syn. F. 1, 1. (R. Syn, iii.,
82, 22.)

Antitrichia eurttpendtda TL.), Brid., ster. — ^M. domesticas nostras
Burculis erectis rigidis capitulis in pedioulos perbreves, Budd. F. 20,
7 ; F. 3, 6. (R. Syn. iii., 89, 49 !)

Anomodan viticuUaus (L.), H. T., c.fr. — ^M. montanus gracilis
ramosus viticulis longioribus glabris, PI. Phyt., t. 47, f. 4. ; app. R.
Syn., 338. F. 20, 6 ; F. 3, 4. (R. Syn. iii., 85, 30.)

A, attenuatua (Sclireb.), Huben., ster. — " M. terrestris yirginianus
minimus subflavus, Hist. Oxon., 625," Bobart MS. F. 22, 10.

CUmacium dendroides (L.), W.M., ster. — M. dendroides elatior
ramulis crebris minus surculosis capitulis pediculis brevibus insiden-
tibus, R. Syn., 32. F. 28, 2 ; F. 3. 2. (R. Syn. iii., 81. 9.)

Isothecium Myurum (Poll.), Brid., c.fr. — ^M. terrestris surculis
Kali aut IllecebrsB semulis fol. subrotundis squamatim incumbentibus,
R. Syn., 37. F. 23, 6 ; F. 4, 8, (R. Syn. lu., 81, sub 7.)

I, alopecwmm (L.), Spruce., c.fr. — M. dendroides sylvarum erectus
ramulis Kali aemulis radice repente, R. Syn., 32. F. 28, 1 ; F. 3, 1.
(R. Syn, iii., 81, 8.) — Ster. — " M. aquaticus fruticosus fol. paryis
pennatis." D. Richardson MS. F. 34, 1.

LesJcea aericea (L.). Hedw., c.fr. — M. terrestris luteo-viridis sericeus
repens, R. Sjrn., 38. M. muralis repens sericeus fol. splendentibus,
Mus. Pet., n. 83, in app. R. Syn., 324. F. 23, 1 ; F. 4, 10. (R. Syn.
iii., 84, 23.)

L,polyoa/rpa,Waxh.,^Tdi, &.pah*dosa (Hedw.), B.S., c.setis. — M.
aquat. denticulatus minimus, Budd. F. 27, 4.

Hypnum albicans, Neck., c.fr. — M. terrestris parvus albicans
erectus foliolis caulibus appressis, Budd. F. 25, 2. (R. Syn. iii., 83,
19!)

H.Mildet, Schimp., c.fr. (synoicum). — M. terrestris major albicans
erectus fol. acutissimis, Budd. F. 25, 3. (R.Syn. iii., 83, 18 I)

H. luteacens, Huds., cfr.— M. terrestris splendide lutescens surculis
et fol. praelongis tenuibus, &c., Budd. F. 23, 2 ; F. 4, 9. (R. Syn.
iii., 84, 23 !)

H. rutahulum, L., c.fr. — M. squamosus ramosus minor et crispus
Tumef. Inst., 553. F. 25, 1. — M. squamosus ramosus crassior capi-
tulis incurvis, Tumef. Inst., 553. F. 23, 6. — M. terrestris minor
omnium vulgatissimus, R. Syn., 36. F. 4, 1., (a. et c.*) (R. Syn. iii.,
80,2.) — An M. terrestris repens vulgarisimilis sedmulto minor, R. Syn.,
38. F. 4, 2. (R. Syn. iii., 80,* 4.)— Fragmentum sterile.— Hie
muscus e fonte D. Wimfrede a D. Windsor viro potest desumptus et
ad me missus surculus hie parvulus madefactus odorem spiravit viola-
ceum. F.. 34, 4.

ff. velutinuniy L., c.fr. — ^M. terrestris vulgatissimi species minima,
Budd. F. 25, 5. — M. terrestris repens parvus capitulis brevibus

* (b.)— ZT. breviroatrtf Ehrh., ster.— (d. et e.) H, velutinum, L., c.fr;

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46 THE MOSSES OF BXTDDLE's **H0BTU8 MOCITS.''

tumidis nonnihil incurvis et nutantibiis, E. Syn., 38. F. 25, 8. (R.
Syn. iii., 84, 25.)

H, pratongumj L. (= ZT. Stokem, Turn. I), ster. — ^M. peimatus
minor cauliculis ramosis in summitate velut spicatus, J. Loeselii in Fl.
Pruss., p. 167. F. 19, 5. — <? et c.fr. — M. terrestns parvus supinus
Filioismodointerdum pennatus, R. Syn., 38. F. 19, 8; F. 4, 7. (R. Syn.
iii., 80,5.) — Forma elongata, ster. — M. vulgaris flagellis tenuibus fol.
minimus, Doody, ed. 1 R. Syn., 244. F. 19, 9. (R. Syn. iii., 80, 5.)

H. piUferum, Schreb., ster.* — M. cupressiforme flagellis tenuioribus
et foliis acutis, Buddie. F. 24, 2.

J3, striatum^ Schreb., c.fr. — M. terrestris minor omnium vulgatis-
simus, R. Syn. F. 25, 4. (R. Syn. iii., 80, 2.)

H. ruseifolium, Neck., ster. — M. pennatus aquaticus, Doody in app.
R. Syn., 338. F. 27, 1. (R. Syn. iii., 81, 6.)— c. setis.— M. pen-
natus aquaticus major, Budd. F. 27, 2. — M. pennatus major aquis
fluitans adianti aurei capitulis, D. Sherrard. F. 27, 6.

H, serpens, L., forma ad H, Juratzka (Schimp.) transiens, cfr. —
M. terrestris omnium minimus capitulis majusculis oblongis erectis, R.
Syn., 38. F. 22, 6 et 9 ; F. 4, 6. (R. Syn. iii., 85, 27.)

H, riparium, L., c.fr. — M. pennatus aquaticus, Budd. F. 27, 5.

H. steUatum, Schreb., c.fr.^ — An M. palustris valde ramosus sur-
cuUs erectioribus fol. in tenues et longos mucrones productis, R. Syn.»
89. F. 22, 5. (R. Syn. iii., 82, 13.)

H, pahistre, Huds., cfr. — M. aquaticus denticulatus minor, Budd.
F. 27, 3.

ff, ciMpidatum, L., c.fr. — M. palustris surculis quasi pungentibus
capitulis ferram equinum referentibus, Budd. An M. ramosus
palustris fol. membranaceis acutis, Yemon, R. Syn., 39. F. 26, 1 ;
F. 5,6. rR. Syn. iii., -82, 14 1)

ff, Schreberi, Willd., ster. — M. erectus fol. angustis caulibus
appressis, Doody in app. R. Syn., 337. F. 23, 5 ; F. 4, 11. (R^
Syn. iii,, 83, 20.)

If, purum, L., c.fr. — M. terrestris vulgaris cupressi foliis, Mus.
Pet., f. 81. — c.fr. (uno cum surculo sterili ff,pilt/eri,)^'K, trichoides
medius ramosus fol. albis mollibus denticulatim dispositis, R. Syn.,
39. F. 24, 1 ; F. 2, 5. (R. Syn. iii., 81, 7.)--Forma lurida, ster.—
M. cupressiforme viticulis brevioribus et crassioribus fere rotundis et
Bupinis, Buddie. F. 24, 3.

H. iamariseinum, Hedw., c.fr. — M. filicinus, J. B. F. 19, 1 ; F.
2,2.

ff. dbietinum, L., ster. — ** M. terrestris surculis filamentosis tena-
cibus abietinis semel tantum divisis, Hist. Oxon., 626, t. 5,'' Bobart
MS. F. 19, 11.

H, splendens, Sibth., c.fr. — M. terrestris Myricae fol. ut a D. Yer-
non nominatum est vulg. in R. Syn. vero omissus. F. 19, 2 ; F. 2, 3.

jff. triquetrumj L., c.fr. — M. terrestris maximus ramosus erectior
latioribus tol., R. Syn., 36. F. 20, 2 ; F. 2, 4. (R. Syn. iii., 80. 1.)

JET. lorettm, L., c.fr. — M. erectus major fol. angustioribus acutis,
Doody in app. R. Syn., 337. F. 20, 5. (R. Syn. iii., 82, 12.)

H, squarrosum, L., c.fr. — M. erectus fol. reflexis, D. Doody|in app.
R. Syn., 837. F. 22, 2 ; F. 2, 6. (R. Syn. iii., 82, 10.)

H, Kneiffii (B. & S.), Schimp., forma elongata crassa grandifolia,

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ON irOBTH AVERICAir 8PBCIKS OF CBmLkKTSEB. 47

ster. — ^M. fluitans fol. et flagellis loxigia tenuibusque, Boodj in app.
K. Syn., 338. F. 26, 2 ; F. 5, 3. (E. Syn. iii., 82, 13 in part.)

Jff. JUmnumf L., ster. — An M. filidnus minor, C.B. Prod.,
151. F. 19, 13. — ^An M. palostris terrestris similis fol. craseis obscure
virentibas mucronibus aduncis itnam partem spectantibas, E. Syn., 38.
F. 3, 7. (E. Syn. iii., 82, 15 in' part.)— cA. — AnM. palostris valde
ramosus surculis erectioribus fol. in tenues et longos mucrones pro-
dnctis, E. Syn., 39. F. 5, 5. (E. Syn. iii., 82, 13 in part.)

H, exannulaium, Gumb., c.fr. — M. palustris scorpioides ramosns
erectus, Doody. F. 22, 3.* (E. Syn. iii., 82, 15 !)

JS. commutatumj Hedw., ster. — M. cristam Castrensem represen-
tans, Budd. F. 19,. 6.— VaR p. faloatum (Brid.), ster.— An M.
palustris terrestris similis fol. crassis obscure virentibus mucronibus
aduncis unam partem speetantibus, E. Syn., 3d. F. 19, 7. (E. Syn.
iii., 82, 15 in part.)

H, uncinatumy Hedw., c.fr. — M. palustris scorpioides ramosus
erectus, Doody N.D. F. 5, 8.

H. moUuacum, Hedw., c.fr. — M. scorpioides palustris fol. crispis
pyramidalibus, D. Dayies, E. Syn., 32. F. 19, 3 ; ster. F. 3, 8. (E.
Syn. iii., 86, sub 32.)

H, cupresstforme, L., c.fr. — M. terrestris medius supinus et repens
fol. crebris in acutos mucrones productis, E. Syn., 37. F. 24, 4;
F. 4. 3 ; forma major ster. F. 27, 7. (E. Syn. iii., 89, 48.)

H rempinatum, Wils., c.fr. — M. fol. caulibus appressis uno yersu
dispositis, viticulis minoribus, Doody. F. 24, 5 ; ster. — F. 4, 4. (E.
Syn. iii., 89, 29 !)

H, undulatum, L. — M. terrestris repens Lycopodii ferme facie,
Doody in app. R. Syn., 337 ; c.fr.-— F. 21, 4 ; ster.— F. 5, 1. (B.
Syn. iii., 88, 46.)

H. dmtumlatum, L., c.fr. — M. pennatus sylvaticus, Budd. F. 22,
7. (R. Syn. iii., 88, 44 1)

H, Byioaticumy Huds., cfr. — ^M. pennatus sylvaticus, Doody. F.
22, 8.; F. 5, 2et7.

ON NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CHEILANTHES.

Bt D. a. Watt.

We have in northern North America, occurring within the limits
laid down by Dr. Gray in his " Manual," three well-defined species of
Chetlanthes, with a very confased nomenclature which some of your
readers may be able to clear up. For these Prof. Eaton has (in the
5th edition of Gray's * 'Manual ") adopted the following names, and the
authors of the " Synopsis Filicum " have followed him.

1. CHEiLAirrHBS VESTITA. — Foh/podtum lanomm^ Michx. Herb.!
Nephro&ium lanosum, Michx. Flora ii., p. 279 ! (1803). Adiantkum
hispidum, Bosc ex Poir. in Lamarck et Swartz ? Aorostichum htsptdum,
Bosc ex Sprengel ? Addantum vestttum^ Sprengel Anleit. iii., p. 122 ?
(1804) ; English translation, p. 135. Asptdium lanomm, Swartz
Synopsis Filicum, p. 58 (1806), et Cheilanthes vestita^ Swartz Syn.
Fil., p. 128 ; Schkuhr. Krypt., t. 124 ; Gray's Manual ed. 1st, p. 625 ;

* See on this specimeD a paper by Mr. Caxruthers in Jonni. Bot., 1863,
p. 228.-— (-BdL Journ, Bot.)

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48 OK KQBTH JiUVBICkV 4PBCIB8 OF CHEILAlTrHes.

Mettenins Gheilanthes, no. 27 ; Hooker and Baker Synopsis Filicam,
p. 134 ; &c.

Query. — Can De Bosc's plant .be identified with this species, and
even if it can, why should not Michanx's name be restored, and the
plant named Chetlanthes lanosa f

2. Chexlaitthes tomentosa. — Chetlanthes tomentosa, link Hort.
Berol. ii., p. 42 ? (1833). Chetlanthes Braddvrii, Hook. Sp. Fil. ii.,
p. 97, t. 109b (1853). Chetlanthes tomentosa,GT&j*B Mannsd, ed. 2nd
(1856), p. 592 I and Hook. & Baker Syn. Fil., p. 140 !

Iksicc. — Tennessee (Bradley), North Carolina (Bagel, Curtis,
Canby), Southern Dacota (Bradbury), and Texas (Drummond
no. 354, Lindheimer no. 743).

Writing in 1858, Kunze (in Sill. Joum. vol. vi., p. 87) says that
** Ch. tomentosa^ Link., raised from Mexican spores, now common in
European gardens, is new to the Flora of the United States." The
same name occurs in Mettenius's catalogue (Fil. Hort Lips., p. 50),
and in his monograph {Chetlanthes, no. 45); but his reference to
Hooker's plate (loc. cit., t. 109a, which is Ch. Satoni, Baker) makes
it doubtfiil what species is intended. In Mr. J. Smith's ''Cata-
logue of Ferns in the Boyal Gktrdens, Kew," occurs the name
^^ Notholcena tomentosa, Desv., Mexico" ; in his "Cultivated Ferns**
(1857), and in his "Ferns: British and Foreign" (1866), " Jifyrith-
pteris tomentosa, Fee, =^ Ch. tomevUosa^ Link., Hook. Sp. Fil., t. 109a,**
is given as a species "cultivated in British gardens," but his
references are equally confusing, and, moreover, no plant referable
to either species is given in Mr. Baker's catalogue of the Kew col-
lection.

Query. — ^Is the plant of the Berlin and Leipzig gardens this
species, and what is the authority for its Mexican habitat? Fee's
reference to Drummond's Texas plant is a manifest error.

3. Cheilanthes lanuginosa. — Chetlanthes vestita^ Hook. FL Bor.
Am. ii., p. 264 (1840); Sp. Fil. ii., p. 98, t. 108b (non Swartz).
Myrwpteris gracilis, !Fee Gen. Fil., p. 150, t. 29, fig. 6 (1850-52).
Cheilanthes gracilis, Metten. Cheil., p. 36 (1859). Chetlanthes
lanuginosa, "I^uttall," Gray's Manual, ed. 4th, p. ci. in addenda
(1864).

Exsice. — ^Wisconsin (Hale), Iowa (Vasey), Illinois (Lapham), and
Missouri (Englemann) ; west to the Eocky Mountains (Bourgeau, no.
3689, N. lat. 61®) and CaUfomia (Whipple's Expedition) ; and south
to Kansas (£. Hale), ITew Mexico and Texas (Ch. Wright, nos. 818
and 2125).

Query. — If Hooker's name be inadmissible, what possible reason
can there be for preferring Nuttall's herbarium name to Fee's earlier
one? The latter's description and figure are excellent, and have
priority over even Hooker's notice of Nutttall's plant in " Species
Filicum."

" Cheilanthes vestita, Kiehl non Sw., no. 529," fide F^e loc. cit.
What is the locality and species of Biehl's plant ? His publication is
unknown here.

I enclose specimens of each of the plants [i.^., to Mr. Baker],
that there may be no doubt as to the species we call by these
names.

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AsmrnoifAL species fob the flob4 of tuscaky. 49

ADDITIONAL SPECIES AND NEW • LOCALITIES FOR THE

ELOBA Oy TUSCANY.

Bt J. F. DurmE.

SiTura spent a few months last summer at the Baths of Luccay
I am able to record a few additional species for the flora of Tuscany,
also several important localities besides those mentioned by Prof.
Oarueliii his ^^ Prodrome della Flora Toscana," published in 1860, and
its two supplements of 1865 and 1870. In a later work — '< Statistica
Botanica della Toscana "* — Prof. Camel recognises in Tuscany five
botanical regions, viz., (1) maremmana, (2) campestre, (3) submon-
tana, (4) montana, (5) alpestre ; which correspond in a general way to
(1) the coast-line, (2) from thence to the bases of the mountains, (3)
the Chestnut region from the bases of the mountains to the lower
limits of the Beech, (4) the region of the Beech, the last tree to be met
with on ascending the Tuscan Apennines, (5) the bare summits. In
the following list of plants for which I have found new localities, I
will mention in every case where the new locality admits the plant
into a firesh botanical region. f

Thalictrumflavum^ L. Turrite Cava, Alpe Apuane.

Ikaha muralisy L. Bocks near Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima.
. IherU umMUxt^y L. Near Oallicano, Alpe Apuane.

Erueaetrum Zawmii^ Ball. Monte di Yico, above the Yal di Lima.

Lepi(Uu^ fframmifohum, L. La YiLla, Bagni di Lucca.

Eeseda luUola, L. Eoadside near Ponte Nero, Yal de loma.

Edianthemum poUfolium, Bert. Pratofiorito.
' E, Funmmay Mill. Bocks above Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima.

Dianthw lihumicus^ Bartl. Near Gallicano, Alpe Apuane ; not
tincommon at La Yilla, Bagni di Luoca. Ascends to l^e of <' submon-
tane " region.

Bimthm veluittms, Guss. Yal di Lima, Bagni di Lucca.

Sikne Armeriay L. Damp rocks near Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima.

SteUaria uliginoM^ Murr. Wet places in the woods, La Yilla,
Bagni di liUcca.

Maims iriandraj Schk. This interesting addition to the Flora of
Tuscany M. Sommier and I discovered on the outskirts of Lago Nero,
a mountaia tarn situated about 5000 feet above the sea, on the Apennini
Lucchese. Some nearly dried-up hollows on the edge of the tarn
yr&ce covered with this plant, the delicate green colour of which
showed conspicuoufily at a distance. This is the second species of the
genus recorded for Tuscany, JS. Alatnaatrum having been found in May,
1870, by Mr. Groves near Pisa. The other known localities in Italy
for K triandra are in Lombardy, in the neighbourhood of Milan and
Yercelli. The Tuscan locality is in tiie '' alpestre " region.

ffemi&rta htrsuta^ L. Bagni di Lucca.

Linum anguBUfolium^ Huds. Old alluvial ground near Le 7ab-
briche, Bagni di Lucca.

* Beviewed in this Joumal, 1872, p. 116.

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50 ADDITIONAL 8PBCIXS TOB THE FLOIIA OF TUSCANY.

AUhaa hirmta^ L. Yal di Lima, on the hill opposite to Le
Fabbriche, Eagni di Lucca.

£uta bracteoaa, DO. Old wall at Goreglia in the (Jarfagnana;
ascends to ** submontane" region.

R, anguBtifoUa, Pens. Bough hill near Borgo a Mozzano, Yal di
Serchio.

Rhamnm alpina, L. Bocks al)ove Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima ;
.descends to '' submontane " reg:ion.

Lotus angustiasimusy L. Near La Yilla, Bagni di Lueca ; asomids
to base of '' submontane" region.

Z. hispidm^ L;^ Near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca ; ascends to base of
" submontane " region.

Astragalm purpurew^ Lam. Old alluvial ground near Le Fab^
briche, Bagni ^ Lucca.

A. depresauSf L. Pratofiorito. This locality has been mentiioned by
Giannini.*

Ervum gracile, DC. By the Lima, Bagni di Lucca; ascends to
base of ** submontane " region.

Tieia Uthyniea^ L., var. angttstifoUa. High heathy ground oppo-
site Le Fabbriche, Bagni dl Lucca; ascends to ^'submontane"
region.

PotentiUa recta, L., var. ohseura, Willd. Near La Yilla, Bagni di
Lucca. Camel does not mention this variety.

P. argentea, L. Bocks in the Yal di Lima near Ponte Nero.

JEpiloUum roimarinifoUumy Hsenck. Below Palleggio, Yal di Lima.

E. dUinifolium, Yill. Near the Spedaletto, Apennini Lucchese.

(Enothera hienniSf L. Old alluvial ground near Le Fabbriche,
Bagni di Lucca.

CalUtriehe stagnaJiSf Scop. Wet places tmder Chestnuts, near
Le Fabbriche, Bagni di Lucca; ascends to base of '* submontane ''
region.

C, vernOf L. ? Lago Nero, Apennini Lucchese; ^'alpestre"
region.

Zgthrtm Bt/ssopifolia, L. Near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca ; ascends
to base of ** submontane " region.

Z. Sdlicariay L. Yal di Lima, Bagni di Lucca.

Porttdaca oleraeea, L. Yal di Lima, Bagni di Lucca.

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. Ascends to base of ^'submontane"
region near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca.

Pmpinella peregrina, L. Ascends to base of '' submontane *'
region near the Bagni di Lucca.

HVocMseanthea nodiflorus, Koch. Fomo Yalley above Gkdlicano,
and Turrite Cava ; botii localities at the base of the Apuan Alps.

Selinum sulcatum, Bert. Mte. di Yico, above the Yal di Lima.

Phgsospermum aquilegifolium, Koch. Near Gallicano, Alpe Apuane.

Comus Mas, L. Above Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima.

Zontcera eirusca, Sant. Turrite Cava, Alpe Apuane.

«: The late Dr. Giovanni Giannini lived at Tereglio, a piotoresqae village
built on a high ridge connected with Monte Rondinaio, one of tiie hiniest of £d
TuBcaa Apennines. He was an enthusiastic botanist, and tiiorougmy ezf^red
all the mountains in the vicinity. His catalogue . of Apennine pliuita was
published in a work on the- Baths of Lucca by Dr. Carina.

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iDscnovAL sPBones ton the floba of tuscavy. 51

Aiperttla taurtna^ L. Near Ponte Nero, Val di Lima.

Galium syhatieum^ L. Shady side of the Turrite Gaya, Alpe
Apnane, and helow Lucchio, in the Yal di Lima; descends to '^sub-
montane " region.

(?. stflvedrej Poll. Bocks aboYO Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima ; " sub-
montane '*' region.

Scahiosa iueetBa^ L. Turrite Gaya, Alpe Apuane.

Erigeron eanadetmSf L. Ascends to '' submontane '^ region in the
Val di Lima.

Iwula adieinaj L» Turrite GaTa, Alpe Apuane.

I. vueo9a, Ait. Ascend to " submontane " region at Teregli6.

AsteriscuB tpinogiu, Gren. & Godr. Ascends to '^ submontane "
region near Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima.

Anthemi* THumfetti^ All. Sides of torrents, Bagni di Lucca.

SantoUna Chama cyparUms^ L. Old alluvial ground by the Lima,
Hear Le Fabbriche, Bagni di Lucca.

EchinopB spharoeephaluSf L. La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca.

Ctrsium pannanicum, Gaud. High rough pasturage above Fomo,
on the Pietro Pania, Alpe Apuane. New to the flora of TojBcany ;
" montane ''region.

Tolpts umbellata^ Bert., and T. virgata, Bert Both ascend to base
of '^ submontane" region near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca.

ffgpoeharts glabra, L. Near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca ; ascends to
base of ''submontane " region.

Seriola atnerms, L. Ascends to base of '' submontane " region
near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca.

Rohertia taraxaeoidetf DG. " Balzo del YaUoncello/' Apennini
Lucchese..

Zaeintha verrucosa, Gkertn. Hillside opposite to Le Fabbriche,
Bagni di Lucca ; ascends to base of " submontane " region.

CreptB negleeta, L. Ascends to base of "submontane" region
near Le Fabbriche, Bagni di Lucca.

Hieraeium prenanthaide$, Yill. Several plants on the wall of the
mill-stream near the Ponte & Diana, Yal di Lima, Bagni di Lucca.
There is only one other locality recorded for this plant in Tuscany,
namely, " Boscolungo, on the Apennini Pistoiese."

SypopUyB muU^tora, Scop. Near Lugliano, Bagni di Lucca.

MenyantheB trtfoliata, L. Lago Nero, Apennini Lucchese.

Primula Auricula, L. Mte. di Yico, above the Yal di Lima. ^

Heliotropium europaum, L. Gultivated ground near Lugliano,
Bagni di Lucca.

Symphytum tuberoium, L. Near La Yilla, Bagni di Lucca.

Zithotpermum graminifolium, Yiv. Pratofiorito, rocks near the
sQinmitl

X. purpureo-earuleum, L. Near Ponte Nero, Yal di Lima.

£ohiHaipermum Zappula, Lehm. By the Ponte Scesta, Yal di
Lima.

Omphalodea vema, Mosnch. Plentiful on the shady side of Turrite
Cava, Alpe Apuane.

Fhysalit Alkekengi, L. Bagni di Lucea.

VerhoicumJldeeommf'W. & £. By the Lima near Le Fabbriche,
Bagni di Lucca.

B 2

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52 ADIHTXONAli SFBCISS FOB THB FLORA OF TOSCAKT,

Euphragia i^mosa, Benth. Ascends to base c^ ^'sabmonttoe''
legion near Ponte Kero, Yal di Lima.

Euphrasia minima, Schleich. PlentiM on the high ridge aboye
Boscolungo, Apennini Lucchese ; growing with another small form (or
subspecies ?) of E, officinalis witii Ixt^ lUac-coloured flowers.

Cdkmintha grandiftora^ Moench. Descends to. base of ^ submon-
tane " region at the Bagni di Lucca*

Msliesa offidinalis^ L. Ascends to bade of '* montaike '^ region at the
Ponte a GagHo, Apennini Lucchese.

Globularia inean^soensy Yiv. Pratdfi(Nita, t6cka near the sammit.

FUntago Cynops^ L. Bed of the Serchie, near Ghitizaano.

Amwranthm aylvestriSf Desf. La Villa, Bagni di Lucca.

Polygonum dumetorum, L. La Yillai Bagni di Lucca.

Aaarum 0utop<Bimf L. Porno Valley above Oallicano, Alpe
Apuane ; Val di Lima^ near the Ponte & IKana, Bagni di Lucca.

Limodorum abwrtivum^ Swartz. Above La ViUa^ Bagni di
Lucca.

Ciphalanfhera emifolia^ Bich. Bocks above Ponte Nero, Val di
lima.

Epi^adis microphgllaf Swarts. Damp wood near La Villa, Bagni
di Lucca.

Serapias Lingua^ L. Above La Villa, Bagni di Lucca.
• S, eordigera, L. Fir wood above La Villa, Bagni di Laoca»

8. negleeta, De Not. Above La Villa, Bagni di Lucca ; ascends
to '^ subiiiontane " region.

Acera$ anthropophoraf B.Br. Bushy places above Ponte IC^x), Val
di Lima.

Ophrys apifera^ Huds. Above La Villa, Bagni di Lucca*

0. ainkhniies^ Host Bushy places abov6 J?onte N^x>, Val di
Lima.

AUiurii echroUueum, W^ & E. Monte di Vioo, above the Val di
Lima.

Omithogahm pyrermiiumf L. La Villa, Bagni di Lucca.

JuneuaJffiformiSf L. tiago Nero, Apeimini Lucchese.

Lemna minora L. Asoends to base of *' submontane " region near
Le Pabbriche, Bagni di Lucea.

Cyperm Jhmso&tit^, L. Wet sandy ground by the Lima, near Le
Pabbriche, Bagni di Lucca.

Ekoekarii palmfris, B.Br. By the Lima near La Villa, Bagni
di Lucca.

Carexechinala, Murr., var. grypos, Schk. Wet places on the Pianoma
Mountain ; not mentioned by G^iruel in his Flora of Tuscany.

Deschctmpsia caspitosa, BblL On the Pizzoma.

Ectleria pMeoides, Pers. Asc^idsto base of '^ submontane '^ region
near La Vilk, Bagni di Lucca.

Etagrmiis peaaidis, Palis, de Beailv. Bed of the Serdiio near
Ghivizz^o, in the G^rfagnana. Not mentioned by Caruel in his
Flora Of Tiidcany.

E. ptlosa, Pa£s. de Beauv. Ascends to base of ''submontane" region
near Ponte Nero, Val di Lima.

Eestucii giganiaa^ VilL Below Lucchio, Val di Lima; *' submon-
tane " region.

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DB8CRIPTI09 OF TTTSIOULABU KITBA. 63

A$pleHium teptentrumdh^ HulL By tiie liiima near La Villa ; do*
fioeuds to base of '^ submontane " region.

yiffphradfum ThelypUria, BesY. Yal di Lima» near fhe Bagni di
Lucca.

Oiwundd regaUs^ L. Abore La Villa, Bagni di Lucca.

NOVAM PLECTEANTHI SPEOIEM

PBOTEBT H. F. HaICCS, Ps.I).

PUctremthm (Coleoides) fMrmoritis,* sp. noy.— caule glanduloso-
tomentello erecto subsimplici 1-2 pedali foUoso, foliis deltoideo-ovatis
praeter basin integerrimam grosse serratis acutis supra sparsim pilo-
sulis subtus pallentibus nervisque parum prominulis strigosis 2-3
pollicaribus basi in petiolum lamina subbreyiorem cuneato-attenuatis,
racemis simplicibus, bracteis minutis ovatis, verticillastris remotis
4-6-floriSy pedicellis calyces aequantibus, calydbus fructiferis nutan-
tibus campanulato-tubulofis prominenter venosis glanduloso-pilosis
3-4 linealibus labiis subsequilongis superiore late OYsio acuto inleriore
eetaceo 4-dentato dentibus 2 infimis mediis duplo fere brevioribus,
coToUffi rosese calyce triple longioris tubo exserto defracto labio
inferiore concavo poirecto, staminibus modice exsertis stylo breviori-
bos.

Ad inpeB marmoreas Teat sing ngam, sen <' cautes septem stella-
nun,*' secus fluyium West Kiyer, proy. Oantonensis, d. 18 Julii 1872,
legg. Sampson et Hance. (Ezsicc. n. 17725.)

Frozime, ni fisdlor, afBnis P. Ckardneri^ Thw., e Zeylania, qui yero
babitu humiliore, foliis multo minoribus, coroUse tubo breyiore, recto,
cet., statim dignoscendus. Preter banc speciem, P, tetnifoliui, Don.,
et P. amethysMdeSf Benth., in ditione Oantonensi occurrunt.

KEflCRIPTION OF TJTRICULAELi iflVEA, VM.
By S. Kuez.

HiyiNO bad tbe opportunity of seeing Z7I nive^f Vabl.^ growing
m fhe plains of Northimi Bengal, I will giye here a short description,
made chiefly on the spot. T2^ yery small white flowers, and espe-
ciaUy the minute 2*lobed upper-lip, easily distinguish the species fix>m
27; racemosa^ Wall.

Utricularia nivs^ Vahl. Enum. PL i., 203 ; BO. Prod, yiii, 21 ;
Wall, in Boxb. FL Ind. ed. Wall, i., 144 ; Oliy. in Joum. linn. Soc.
iii.,186.— (271 aOnflora, Griff., Not. Bicot., 168, nonB.Br.; U.fiU^
cauHs, Wall. List, 1501*; Oliy. 1. c, 186.)— An erect, simple, glabrous

* "Herbam .... in marmoribus .... nascentem. Qua de causa et
mannoritin vocari."— Flin. Nat Hist, xxiv., 102,

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54 DBSCElPtlOli OP tJTRICULARIA NITfiA.

annual, 1 to 4 iu. high while in flower, leafless or rarely famished at
base with obovate -linear, shortly-petioled leaves; flowers shortly
racemose, very small, on a very short petiole hidden within 3 brac-
teoles, the fourth bracteole bent downwards and partially adnate to
the naked scape; sepals a line long, concave^orbicular, the npper
erect, the lower bent downwards ; corolla about 2 lin. long, the upper
lip minute, notched, the lower lip concave, rotundate, indistinctly 3-
lobed, uniformly white or yellow on the palate ; spur twice as long
as the lower lip, conicaUy-saccate, blunt ; capsule globular, nearly a
line in diameter, crowned by the capitate rfiort style, chartaceous,
2-valved, about as long as the concave-orbicular, thick, membrana-
ceous sepals; seeds very minute, pale-brown. — ^The species grows
chiefly on short-grassed pastures (where also chiefly Cyperaceae grow)
and in shallow water on sandy soil, all over Bengal ; also in Teuas-
serim. Fl. June^Sept.

As in the case with U, racemosay so I find here only a very few
seeds in each capsule, and sometimes none at all.

The classification of XJtricularias as adopted by De CandoUe and
Oliver appears to me to be not quite in accordance with nature. I
subjoin here my own views with regard to Indidn species. It is pro-
bable that the subgenus ii., Oligocista^ as defined here, may have to
be merged as a simple section into the first subgenus, Lentibularia,

SuBGENirs I. — Lentibularia^ Gesn. Submerged-floating branched
herbs. Leaves variously cut into capilliform segments, rarely simple
and filiform. Capsule free, supported (but not enclosed) by the en-
larged, fleshy, membranaceous, not winged sepals. — Examples : U. steh
laris, flexttosa, &c., with yellow, U. punctata with blue (not yellow)
flowers.

SuBGKinjs 11,^- Oligomtay DC. p.p. Erect terrestrial annuals.
Leaves radical, narrow, disappearing before flowering-time. Cap*
fiule free, not enclosed in the concave, thick, membranaceous, enlarged,
not winged, almost equally long sepals. Style and stigma persistent.
Bract eoles 4, 3 of them erect, the fourth bent downwards and adnate to
the scape, — Examples : V, racemosa and U. nivea.

SxTBGESvB III. — Bivaharia. Erect terrestrial annuals. Leaves
radical, entire, narrow, usually disappearing before flowering- time.
Capsule free,, enclose in a central cavity of the 2 nearly equal,
valvately-complanate, chartaceous, spuriously-winged sepak. —
Jlxamples : U, Oriffithii (of •which U, lUacina^ Griff., is a synonym),
U. hifida, &c. (§ ii.A of Oliver).

SiiBGEKue rV. — PhyUaria. Erect terrestrial, often rock-loving,
tender annuals, sending out short stolons. Leaves often broad and
petioled, radical or on the stolons, persistent during flowering-time.
Capsule halfways adnate to the upper enlarged, chartaceous, winged,
and ^ften net-veined '43epal, the lower sepal minute, bent downwu^s.
Lower lip of corolla large and explanate. Probably a distinct genus.
—Examples : U. orhiculata, fwrcellaba^ &c.

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8H0ST NOTES AND QU1S8IK8. 5S

SHORT NOTES AND QUERIES.

Gra.8Ibb^ SACCATT7S, jFV*. — Mn W. G. Smith giyes a figure-^heroy by
the kindness of the Editor of the '' Gardener's Chronicle," reproduceid —
and description of this new British species in that periodical for 20th
September last. The specimens were found in the grounds of P. P.
Smith, Esq^., Troro, Cornwall, b^ Mr. J. Mitchell The following is
Fries* description (Syst.Mycolog.iii., p. 16) : — ''Outer peridium saccate,
cleft into many flaccid subinyolute lacinise ; interior peridium sessile,

crowned with a circular flat disc and a sharp silky mouth." To this
Mr. W. G. Smith adds the following particulars from the English
iq)ecimens: — " The outer peridium opens out into a seven-, eight-, or
nine- rayed star, the rays (as says Fries) being ' narrowed from a wider
base into a very long point,' and furnished on the outside with a
membranous evanescent bark, yellow-brown in colour. These rays
are at length ' longitudinally subinvolute, twisted at the point,' and
bagged towards the centre. The interior peridium is seated in this
saccate depression, and is felted with closely a'lpressed tomentum.

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56 SHOBZ VOTES AHB QXTERIES.

densely so on the cironlar dific round the fimbriated mouth. The
colour of the interior layer of the external peridium and the inner
peridium is a benufiM p^e soft dove colour with an inclination to
pale buff. The spores are dark brown, slightly echinulate, and
measure -0001 3" diam." The figures are half natural size, the section
natural size, tiie spores enlarged 700 diameters.

EsPABTO Obass. — Fibrots substances, whether fbr textile
purposes ot for paper-making, have occupied much attention of
late. The fact that paper can be made from almost anything:
has not lessened the demand for the old staple article, rags, and
next to rags perhaps £sparto or Bparto Grass. But there
seems to be a fear lest the supply of the latter should fsdl, or
at least diminish, for Consul Playfair, Hie British representatiye
at Algiers, tells us in a recent report that ^' Alfa , or Alpha fibre,
or Sparto Grass, which covers immense spaces on the high plateau, is
cut down and renews itself annually without any culture. A very
reckless system^ however, is pursued, and unless proper steps are
taken to restrain the collection of it to proper seasons, there is a chance
of its becoming as rare in Algeria as it now is in Spain." A tract of
country rich in Alfa that has hitherto been neglected owing to the
difficulty of transit will ere long be opened out by the construction of a
railway between Helet and Bel Abbes. In 1862 the first cargo,
consisting of only 154 tons, was taken from Gran to England ; in 1872
about 60,000 tons were exported, amounting in value to about 7,200,000
francs. This, however, was a falling off fipom the previous year, which
is considered to be chiefiy due to two causes — ^fiis^ the overstocking of
the English market ; and Secondly, that a great quantity of worthless
fibre has been sent into the market, causing English buyers to become
suspicious of the Algerian produce, the Spanish-grown grass
being considerably more in favour. Quite recently a large trade in
Esparto has sprung up with Mogadore, about 2000 tons having
been shipped during the past year, and still larger quantities would
be brought were it not for the difficulty of transit between Moga-
dore and England, Esparto being of too bulky a nature for the
regular line of steamers to carry large quantities as part of their
cargoes. From Tunis during the past two years the average
exports to England have been about 13,000 tons. The demand from
this source has likewise of late fallen off, which, as in the other
cases, is attributable to the better quality of the Spanish product.
When these facts and figures are considered it is net a little
remarkable that we should have been until recently comparatively in
the dark concerning the correct botanical origin. of this vduable papef
material. Alfa and Esparto have hitherto been considered as the
produce of distinct ]2la:nts, some persons referring the former to
Lygeum Spartumf L., and the latter to McucroeUoa tmacimmay £th.,
wnile others have simply reversed it. The grass as known in com-
merce consists only of tne leaves merely torn from ttie plant, and
from the specimens that I have seen from time to time, including
those contained in the Kew Museum, always appeared to m?e identical,
though from want of fioWers or other material to determine them no

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SHOBT VCflES AKB Q17SEIE6. 57

satisfactory oonclnsicm could be arriyed at. Anxious to settle the
qnestioiiy I wrote some time since to Mr. F. G. Lloyd, the w ^-known
importer of Esparto Grass^ who owns large tracts of land both in
Algeria and Spain, and he kindly replies as follows : — ** There is no
difference between Esparto and Alfa. A1&, or more correctly Haifa,
is the Arabic for Esparto, hence the Esparto from Africa got that
name. Algerian Esparto is of less commercial yalne than I^>aiii8h on
account of its Containing more nlica and iron, and the Esparto of Tunis
and Tripoli contains stiU more than Algerian. The phmt called Alfa
in Egypt is not Esparto at all, but Diss {Ampelodesmos tenaxy Link)."
This, then, ccmfirms my previous opinion, that A1& and Esparto were
botanically identical, and were only commercial distinctions, and that
both were furnished by MaorocMoa tenactsaima, Eth., which is undouH-
edly the case from flowering specimens that have been receired at
Kew. This excludes Lyceum Spartum from any participation in the
matter at all. But there is yet another paper-making grass, known in
the trade as Albardine, which comes, I believe, duefly from the
neighbourhood ci Barcelona ; from a floweiing specimen and also from
a photograph of a plant in flewer kindly sent me by Mr. Lloyd, there
remains no doubt but that Albardine is frimished by Lygeum Spartum.
Its eommereial value is not more than a quarter that^f Esparto. —

Flaitcs of Couvtt Co&x. — Euphorhia amygdaltndea, Linn. This
species has been hitherto known to grow only in a single locality in
the entire extent of Ireland, viz., under trees in Castle-Bernard Park^
near Bandon, in this county. It was, therefore^ very interesting for.
me to find it growing fredy in a wood at Dunderrow, on the bai]^s of
the Bandon river, but eight or nine miles lower down. It also grows
in a little copse still farther down the river, and about three miles
from Einsale, called Roughwood, or Bullen's Wood. Bather singular
to find this, a common English plant, apparently confined in Ireland
to the vidley of the Bandon river. — A new station for another
interesting species is Peafield, near Ballinadee, for Asplenium aeutum^
Bory. — ^Again in the wood at Dunderrow where E, amygddloide9
grows, I found a grass rare in this county, Milium effusum, — ^I may
add to these desultory notes that I noticed the beautiful Linaria
repen» growing here and there on the banks of the Bandon river at
points below Innoshannon, and indeed halfway or more between that
village and Kinsall. Also very freely on slate refase bordering
the Ballinadee Creek. — A new station for another interesting i^ecies is
one at Blind Harbour, near Glandore, in the extreme west of this
county, for the rare (with us) litUe Snapdragon, A. Orontium.
There, «lose to the water's edge, I found it growing in a potato-
field, in a wild sequestered spot. I was glad to perceive that
Mr. Longfield sent you a note of his discovery of Lycopodium inun-
datum in this county (another instance of a common English
plant being extremely rare in Ireland). "With the Zyoopodium
grows the rare Cicendia Jiliformis. This was also found by Mr.
Longfield far to the east of any station yet known in this county. — T.
Allin.'

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58" VOTICBS OF BOOKS.

LmrcANTHEinrM TiTLQABKy Tto. )3. mu(f09umf Oay lCo9i<^. iiiedit.*-^L.
acbeniis disci muoosisy radii non aut yix, ca&teris ut y9X, a. Chiysaii-
themum leacanthemom fi, corymbiferum Qa,j in ICntel Fl. Er. ii.
(1835), p. 154. — ^Habitat in NeustrisB infmioris maritiBiis ad yicmn
Pirou inqoe adyerais Csesarea et Sarnia insulis (Gay! ann. 1831 et
1832), quibus locis alia nulla occurrebat Lmeanthemi vtUg. forma. —
Die 5* Julii florebat in agro Pirouano. — In hortum delata eadem
Parisiis, ann. 1833, initiam florendi faciebat die Mail 26^ Herba ani-
bipedalis, glaberrima. Oanles simplicisdmi infeme, supeme in ramos
3-6 longos et fastigiatos divisi, quam ob causam planta capitolomm
pulchre radiantium copia, sive sylvestris sive culta, valde est insignia.
Folia fasciculorum 1-2 unc. longa, spathiilata inci8o-5-lobata, lobis cre-
natis, caulina spathulato-lineaiia, inoiso pinnatifida. Involucri
8quam», at Z. vtUgarU fdsco-marginataei variant pdlidsB ex toto
(specimen e Pirou). Eadius tantum longus quantum diametrum ^sci
est latum. Achaenia 1^-2 miUim. longa, disci calva omnia, aqua etiam
frigida immersa mucosa et manifesto et copioso obvelata, radii acha^nia
non aut vix mucosa, saepius calva, variant auricula dimidiata bre-
vissima, indivisa vel 2-3 dentata coronata. — Habitu ramoso et conse*
quente capitulorum copia, foliisqiie omnibus, etiam radiantibus, inciso-
vel pinnatifido- lobatis, planta est notabiUs, eo magb quod locis indi-
catis sola occurrit, quodque seminibus in horto propagata . minime
redit ad formam vulgarem, sed et vegetior et ramosior evadit. Ejusmodi
noted parvi tamen sunt faciendse, qusB scilicet apud L, praterue^
quamvis rarius, occurrunt. Majore attentione digna ea videtur
achsdniorum proprietas, .quam titulum planted posuimus quamque,
inter tot ZeueaHthemt vulffoni formaa, ei soli plan^ propriam novimus.
Sed et h»c quoque nota infirma habenda, ubi notis nidlis aliis asqui-
pollentibus sustentata venit. Eo solum inservire debet, ut mcmeat
vim ei nullam inesse essentialem, et igitur neque in iis plantis esse
nimium premendam in quibus majoris dignitatis speciem pr» se ferre
poterit videri. — (^Extracted from J, Qa^9 M8S. in Me Herbarium now
at Kew.)

I^ottceje? of 25oofijr«

Proi/rcmm aystematit naiuralis regni vegetahiliB^ sive Enumeratio
Oontracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum hue usque
cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta : editore et pro
parte auctore Alphonso Ds Ca2«i>olle. Pars decima septima,, sLrtens
ultimos Dicotyledcmearum ordiives, historiam, conclusionem atque
indicem totius opens. — Parisiis : sumpt. G. Masson, 16 Oct., 1873.
(pp.496).

This long-expected and very welcome vdlume closes a series of
twenty, and completes — with the exception of the Artocarpaee<B — the
Dicotyledons. The work was commenced in 1824 by A. P. De
Candolle, on the relinquishment of his much more extended '' Systema

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KOTTGBS OF BOGKfi^ 59

KatttnUe," only two volumes of wliich were published, and sinee bis
death in 1841 has been steadily carried on under tbe editorship of
Ids son, Alpb. De Oandolle, who has now brought it to a conclusion,
fifty years after its commencement. It is scarcely necessary to say
that the ** Prodromus " condsts of a series of condensed monographs
of the natural orders written by leading botanists on a common plan
of treatment, and each intended to embody all the material available
at the period, and be a complete descriptiye enumeration of all known
species. The immense utility of the work has .been shown by
exprnencC) and it can only be a matter of deep regret that the
experi^iced and thoroughly competent botanist who has successfully
carried through the press thirteen volumes, extending over thirty-two
years, does not feek himself any longer equal to the labour and diffi-
culties of the task, but leaves the great work after all unfinished, with
even the Dicotyledons incomplete by the omission of a large and
iotricate family. The prospect of the Monocotyledonous Orders is no
doubt a very formidable one, especially the Glumifers; and as M.
De CandoUe points out in his '* Eeflezions sur les ouvrages g^nerauz
de Botanique descriptive," in the ^'Archives de la BibHoth^que
Universelle " of Geneva for November last, the difficulties are
rapidly increasing, not only from the immense additions to herbaria,
books, and periodicals, but from the^advanee of the science of botany itself,
which, will demand in future monographs, a far more complete treatmeiit
of plants, including their minute anatomy and the history of develop-
ment of different organs, and more philosophical modes of grouping,
than have been hitherto required in such treatises. He hopes to see
such, really exhaustive monographs undertaken, but experience has
shown him that this cannot in the future be done under the auspices
of a^ikigle individual.

The orders in this concluding volume are the UJmaceaf
by Plancbon, with 11 genera and 137 species; the Moracea^
with 25 genera and 91 species, and a sketch g{ the genera of the
Artocarpaeea by Bureau (29 genera) ; the Lentwaeeay a small order of
parasitic rarities of doubtfrd affinity, consisting of Pholisma^ Lennoa,
;and Ammobromaf by Count Solms-Laubach ; , the Podostemaeea, by
Weddell (105 species in 25 genera) ; the Cytinacea (including Raffle-
siaeea)^ by Dr. !Hooker (7 genera, 23 species^ ; and the Bahnophoracea^
by Eiclder (38 species in 14 genera). Besides these are several small
groups, omitted in their proper places in former volumes and now
supplied : Sarraemiaoeay by Alph. De Candolle (3 gen., 8 sp.) ; Phytor
trene0{^ tribe of OlactnetB), by Baillon (8 gen., 33 sp.) ; Sahadoraeea^
by Alph. DC. (4 gen., 7 sp.) ; Cynoeramhe^ referred to Saholaeea^
and Bai%9^ with an order to itself by the same \ and Nepenthaeeaf
{34 sp.), by Dr. Hooker.

We have also a list in alphabetical order of the genera which
though published w^e from various causes omitted in the successive
volumes of the '' Prodromus." Of these many have since been
referred to their places, usually as synonyms, by subsequent authors;
but not a few, chiefly of Aublet and Loureiro, remain still un-
determined, the scanty descriptions given by their authors being
insuffijcient to identify them ; some; however, have been determined
from their specimens in the £riti^h Museum. A very full Index

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60 ironxas of books.

to the Genera, &c, of the whole series of folctmes ooncludes ibe
work.

The few pages of concluding words by M, De OandoUe will be
read with interest by all botanists. The author gives in them a brief
history of the progress of the book, and some curious statistics. The
'* Prodromus'' contains 214 natural orders, 5134 genera, and 58,975
species; had the Artoearpaoe^ been monographed the number of
Dicotyledons would haye been about 60,000. Camponta are of course
the largest order, with 911 genera and 8561 species, and are followed
by Leguminost^ with 283 genera and 3853 species. The largest
genus is Solanum with 915 species (probably unduly multiplied), the
next Mifhorhiu and JSeneeiOy with 751 and 601 respectively. Bo many
as 657 new genera and 11,790 new species have been described in the
work, a proportion to the old of 15 and 25 per cent, respectively.
The whole book contains 13, 194^ pages ; and nearly half — #.«., no less
than 5950 pages — ^have been contributed by the three generations
(father, son, and grandscm) who bear the honoured name of De
Candolle. Of tiie other authors, it is somewhat remarkable to notice,
considering that systematic botany is followed in England to the
exclusion aknoet of other branches, that no more than three — ^Bentham,
J. D. Hooker, and Weddell — are our coiintrymen ; whilst there are 1 1
Swiss, 9 French, and 8 German authors, and the remainder consist of
an Italian, a Swede, a Dutchman, and a Belgian. H. T.

Wh»re therms a WUl therms a Way ! or, Science in Jthe Cottage. An
Account of the Labours of Naturalists in Humble Life. By James
Cash. London : Hardwicke. 1873. (Pp. 224.)

Ik this little book are brought together some interesting particulars
concerning tliose working men, of the Manchester district especially,
who have earned for themselves a right to a niche in the gallery of
naturalists by their persevering study ef nature in spite ^ «mou8
obstacles. Some such record was due to men who, by their example,
did so much to Idndle that spirit of observation which, especially in
the North of England, has led to the establishment of the numerous
field clubs and natural history societies, which in many instances
number their members by hundreds. It is indeed only to be widied
that in these societies there was more of the earnestness which eharae-
tensed these pioneers of the movement ; we should then have more to
record of their proceedings than is at present the case.

Several 6i the names in Hr. Cash's volume wiH be familiar to our
English readers, who will be glad to know more of tlie inner Hfe of
men whose contributions to science have frequently come under their
notice. Such are Samuel Gibson, of Hebden Bridge, who w^ a fre^
quent contributor to the old series of the " Phytologist " ; Richard
Buxtcm, author of '' Flora of Manchester ^' ; Edward Hobson, an accu-
rate musoologist, and author of '* Musci Britannici " ; imd ethera. A
more widely-known memb^ of the same body was Oeorge Caley, a
Lancashire weaver, who was despatched to New Soutii W^es by Sir
Joseph Banks^ where he made extensive collections of plants, many
of which were described by Robert Brown, who termed Mm *^ botani*-
cus peritus et accuratus," and named a£ter him not only BwnA^ia

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ITjCmCSS OF BOOKS. 61

Ci%f (wMch Mr. Caa^y by a slip, calla an <' Orchidaoeoiiu plant^'^— p.
34), but also the genera Caieya and Caleana, We have also an
•cconnt of the Banksian Society of Manchester, which, thongh only
Bhort-lived — ^it was formed in 1829 and dissolred in lBd6-^may claim
to have been the preoar^r of the yarioos natural history societies which
have since been established in Manchesier.

It is scnnewhat unfortonate, as it seems to ns, that the nmform
character of the book is interfered with by the introduction of '^ two
Lancariiire botanists not in humble life, John Just and William
Wilson." The space occupied by their notices might have been better
filled by references to other working men who have distingnii^ed
themselves as naturalists, such as John Bohler, of Sheffield, whose death
was recorded in this Journal .for 1872, p. 384; and Peter Mackenzie,
who is still alive, of whose early life an interesting sketch is given
ia << Chambers' Edinburgh Journal " for May 11, 1860. J. B.

A Manvdl af B<ii(my^ including the Structure, Functions, Classifica-
tion, Properties, and Uses of Plants. By BIobebt Bbntlet, P.L.8.
Third Edition. London: Churchills. 1873. (1^.816.)

It is but three years ago that we noticed at some l^gth (Joum.
Bot, 1871, p. 88) the second edition of this popular student's text-
l)ook. The author has a right to point with satisfaction to the sale of
the whole of this in a little over two ^ears as a sufficient pnx^ of the
ittiHty of his work. In the present edition much new matter has been
added without increasing the bulk of the volume, and the wholetext
has undergone a thorough revision. As always, the strong point of the
^k is the very comprehensive account of the properties and uses of
tlants arranged imder each natural order. This has been carefully
brought up to the present time, and contains a very large amount of
information on economic and medicinal Botany in a small comptiss. On
the other hand the physiology of vegetation is treated in mere outline ;
indeed this portion of the book cannot be said to be on a level with
modem science, many of the recent important researches of German
and French physiologists being unnoticed. Several new woodcuts have
been introduced ; it may be suggested that some others have done duty
too long, and require renewal. H. T.

Th» TreoMryofBotanff ; a Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable King-
dom. Edited by John Lxkdley, M.D., &c., and Thomas Moobb,
F.L.S., &c., asfiosted by Numerous Contributors. Ifew and Ee-
vised Edition, with Supplement. London: Longmans and Co.'
1874. (Pp. 1362.)

This new edition of one of the most generally useful books on '
Botany ever printed is very acceptable, especially as it a^^ears to
have been carried up to the present time with as much care to ensure
general accuracy as was bestowed on the first edition. During the
eight years that have since elapsed a number of important new plants
have been discovered or described, and much additional information
accumulated with reference to those previously known, the whde

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62 BOTANICAL NEWS.

mvolyilig a considerable inbrease in the amount of material. As tli0
text was unfortunately stereotyped, however, the alterations and addi-»
tions in the body of the book could not be extensive, but as much as
possible has been intercalated. It is to be regretted that convenience
of reference, a matter of the first importance in a dictionary, has been
unavoidably interfered with by the relegaticm of the great bulk of the
new matter to a supplement. This occupies nearly 100 pages, the
greater part of the articles having been contributed by Dr. Masters^
Mr. Britten, Prof. T. Dyer, and Mr. J. R. Jackson, names which will
be a sufficient guarantee that the information is trustworthy. As an
indication of the late date up to which this supplement is brought may
be instanced an account of the '' Saxaul " plant {AnahoBta Ammaden-
droft) as met with in the Khivan expedition, and descriptions of
Symea, SehizobasUj and other genera recently descrilxBd in this and
other journals. . It is of course difficult to know how much to include
in an encyclopaedia of this kind, and it is impossible to make it so com-
prehensive that further additions could not be suggested, and several
names might be mentioned as worthy of being included which have no
place in the enumeration. But as a rule anyone consulting the book will
find what is required, and clear and definite information upon it. Ex-
perience has indeed proved its usefulness, and probably no one work on
Botany can be so confidently recommended to any person, botanist,
commercial man, or general reader, wishing to obtain a good general
knowledge of the vegetable world, as these two stout little volumes,
the low price of which is within the reach of all likely to require
them. H. T.

S^otanicai ^tW*

Abticles in Joitbnals. — DscEMBsn, 1873.

Grevillea, — ^M. J. Berkeley, " Notices of North American Fungi ''
(contd.). — B. Carrington, "New British HepaticsB *' {Riccia hifure^^
Hoff., -R. sorocarpa, Bisoh., Nardia revoluta^ Lindb. ; tab. 18).

Monthly After, Joum. — G. Gulliver, "On Crystals in the Testa and
Pericarp of several Orders of Plants and in other parts of the Legumi-
nosae " (tab. 44).

Joum, Linn,. 8oo, (No. 74, Dec. 3). — Berkeley and Broome,
"Enumeration of the -Fungi of Ceylon," part 2 (contd. ; tab. 2 — 10).

Flora. — A Minks, " Obituary of J. F. Laurer.'*— C. Haussknecht,
" On the Species of J^mar«a, sect. Spharocapnos " (contd. ; F. gaditanay
U.S., F, malaeitana, n.s).

Eedwtyia.'^'R, Euthe, " On Orthotrichum ShawiV^—J, Schroeter,

"iUmarks on the New M.aliow'^aeaae*^ {Fuecinia Malvacearum),

A. Geheeb, " Bryological Notes."

Batanische Zeitung.^O. Uhlworm, " On the Development of the
Trichome, with special reference to Prickles " (contd.).

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BOTANICAL NBW8. 63

Oesterr. B&t Zeitsehr.-^IL. Schiedermayr, •* A Granite Island in
the Chalk-hills of Upper Austria." — A. Kemer, "Distribution of
Hungarian Plants '* (contd.).— J. L. Holnby, " Brambles of Fodhrad in
HuDgary." — H. Kemp, ** Supplement to Flora of Neigbbourhood of
Vorarlberg " (contd.).

Botanisha 2V(>^<t (15 Dec.).— J. E. Areschoug, **0n Scandi-
navian Algae nearly alli^d to Bictyodphan fasntculaeeus or readily con-
founded witb it " {PMaospora, gen. nov. == ^eytoaiphan fanieulamis,
Xyngb.).

New BooU.—J. D. Hooker and others, " Flora of British India,''
•part 2, Polygdaeea — Geraniaeea (Reeve and Co., 10s. 6d.). — J.
Lindley, T. Moore, and others, ** Treasury of Botany," ed. 2, with
Supplement (Longman and Co., 128.). — " Die Zweite Deutsche Nord-
polarfabrt in den J. 1869 u. 1870," vol. 2, Zoology and Botany
(Leipsig, 148.).

The "Nova Acta" of the Hoyal Academy of Sciences of Upsala
for 1873 (ser. 3, vol. viii., fasc. 2) contains a valuable memoir on the
Besmidiacea of Sweden, by F. M. Lundell, with five plates, and a
descriptive monograph by S Henscher of the species of Peperomia
from Galdas, Brazil, with seven plates.

The " Bericht" of the Senckenberg (Frankfort-on-M.) Society of
Natural Science has an account of the vegetation of the Bermudas
by J. J. Eein, who also contributes a paper on some remarkable plants
from the environs of Mogador.

There has lately been published a well-written handbook to the
united parishes of Colvend and Smethwick, situated close upon the
south-western border of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, and a few
miles from the county town of Dumfriesshire. Our correspondent, the
Rev. James Fraser, incumbent of the parish, contributes to the hand-
book a sketch of the botany of the district, with an appendix of the
plantts rariores arranged According ta their habitats, including Carex
punctata, recorded in this Journal (1873, p. 47).

The following books are announced for publication : — **Fharmaco-
graphia Britannica, a history of Drugs of Vegetable Origin used in
Great Britain and British India," by F. A. Fliikiger and Daniel
Hanbury (Macmillan). — " Primer of Botany," by Dr. Hooker
/MacmiUan). — " Advanced Text-book of Botany," by Robert Brown
(Blackwood). — ** St. Helena, a description of the Island, including its
Flora," by J. C. Melliss (Lovell Reeve).

Mr. F.A. Lees, F.L.S., of Hartlepool, is engaged in the compilation
of a Flora of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and will thankfully
accept any information on the botany of the district.

We' understand that the " London Catalogue of British Plants " is
now all but out of print, and that Mr. Watson has undertaken to pre-
pare a new edition (the seventh) for publication.

At the meeting of ttie linnean Society on January 15th some very
important alterations in the bye-laws, recently made by a majority of
the Council, were, in accordance with the chaftier, after beinjg read at
the two previous meetings, submitted to the Society. Besides some
modifications of slight import these alterations consisted of the repeal

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64 BOTANICAL KBW8.

of the bye-laws which prohibit any Fellow holding an office in the
Society to which payment is annexed, and place the election of the
paid librarian in the hands of the Society ; and of the proposal that
this, as well as all paid offices, shall rest scdely with the Couneil. The
President proposed to pat these various alterations to the meeting en
massBf a proceeding which natorally met with great opposition,
resulting in a d^nite proposal, duly seconded, theit the
alterations be taken seriatim; the President, however, refused
to put the motion to the meeting. As no special notice of the
business of the evening had been sent to the Fellows, fewer
attended than from the great interest shown in the matter would have
been the case had it been generally known to be coming on. Sixty-
six members however were present when, a^r some further discussion,
the ballotting commenced, with the result that forty-four voted for
the alterations and twenty-one against, there being only one abstention^
The charter requires that two-thirds of the members present shall vote
in favour of any alterations in the bye-laws in order to carry them, so
that the new regulations were passed by the smallest majority. It is
perhaps too late to make suggestions now, but we think that under the
circumstances it might be well for the governing body to reconsider the
propriety of taking advantage of the new laws. A change of such
a fundamental character, passed by so narrow a majority, might for the
present remain inoperative. It was stated at the meeting that there
are several gentlemen. Fellows of the Society, who would be willing
to undertake the duties of the new office of '* Editor " (to which it
is proposed to annex a salary) without payment, in accordance with
the time-honoured and honourable practice of the Linnean and the
majority of the learned societies. If this is the case, as we have every
reason to believe, it is certainly to be regretted that no effort was made
to obtain the required help, in accordance with the bve-laws, either by
accepting voluntary assistance from one or more Fellows, or by the
appointment of an additional unpaid secretary, or, if it be thought
that the work would be more satisfactorily peiibrmed by a paid
servant, by appointing to the post a competent scientific man who is
not F.L.S. -Ajiy of these courses, whilst equally advantageous to the
Society, would have avoided the rough remedy of a repeal of the laws
and a severe strain on the charter of the Society.

The Council of the Geological Society have recognised the eminent
services done by Oswald Heer, to Palaeontological Botany by bestowing
on him the Wollaston Medal. His extensive labours during the last
thirty years have thrown a light on the biological and physical con-
ditiou of the globe during the Tertiary Period which has greatly in-
fluenced and redirected the science of geology. And this is the more
remakable seeing that his observations h^ve been based on materials
which are in the eyes of systematic botanists of little or no value.
He has, nevertheless, persevered in his often thankless work, and by a
long-continued series of observations and the examination of a vast
number of specimen, has confirmed or corrected his conclusions, often
aided by the fortunate discovery of a flower or a fruit, until now
the general results of his investigations are universally acknowledged.

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65

4Mgfn0ii %ttiAt0.

ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF HEEITIEEA.

Bt S. Zuez.
(Tab. 141.)

The genus Heritiera was supposed for a long time to consist onlj
of two species, both littoral. To these I added J7. maorophyUa, Wall., a
decidedly non-saline species; and Major Beddome described in his
" Flora Sylvatica " another new species from West Hindostan, which
he called H. VespertUio.

In looking over the species of this genus in the Calcutta Herba-
rinm, I find a marked species without name under Wallich's List,
no. 7836, from Sylhet A figure of this exists amongst Wallich's
MS. drawings, marked by him H, acuminata^ a name which appears
alflo in Yoigt Cat. Suburb. Calcutt. Another and well-marked up-
country species is M. dubia^ Wall. MS., of which unfortunately ordy
a figure by Wallich exists ; but the characters of this species are so
clearly given in the accompan^g analysis as to leave no doubt of its
being a well-founded species, in spite of its great resemblance to H.
littoralis. These two species I propose to describe here (the second
from a figure only), and give also figures ef the most important parts
of them in the accompanying plate, copied from Wallich's drawings.

Heritiera acuminata^ Wall. MS. ap. Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calc,
103 [t. 141, f. 1 — 3]. — Arbor; folia lanceolata, petiolo utrinqae
incrassato i--^ poll, sunulta, basi obtusa et trinervia, hnge acuminaita^
8-4 poll, longa, coriacea, subtus tenui argenteo-lepidota ; fiores parvi,
(Mj pedicelHs gracilibus 2-3 linearibus sufi'ulta, paniculam axiUarem
folio ipso dimidio breviorem lepidoto-puberulam formantes ; calyx c.
2 lin. altuB, ample campanulatus, extus puberulus, 5-lobus, lobis trian-
gularibus acutia reflexii ; columns staminea calyce brevior, apice
nibello deplanato incrassata et ibidem antheris 10 circumdata ; carpella
. . .—Hob. Hills of N.E. Bengal; Sylhet (Wall. List, 7836).

Heritiera duhia, Wall. MS. in Icon. ined. H.B.C. [t 141, f. 4—6).—
Arbor ; folia oblonga ad elliptico-oblonga, petiolo crasso lepidoto ^
poUicari Buffiilta, basi rotundata v. obtuaa, 4-6 poll, longa, obtusa,
jimiora supra sparse aureo-, subtus dense argenteo- lepidota et brunneo-
pimctata ; fiores parvi, brunneo-virescentes, pedicello gracili 1-2 lin.
longo suffulti, in paniculam axillarem folio multo breviorem puberulam
congesti ; calyx urceolato-campanulatus, c. 1^ lin. longus, utrinque
puberulus, breviter A-lobm^ lobis obtusis v.rotundatis ; columna stami-
nalis calyce multo brevior, apice conico 5- (s. 8- ?) gono antheres 8 ?
sessiles gerens; carpella matura compressa, cuneato-oblonga, c. l^poll.
longa, uno latere prsBsertim apicem versus in alam crassam producta,
bronnea, laevia. — Hob N.E. Bengal (De Silva).

ir.s. VOL. 3. [maech, 1874.] *p

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66 BOTANICAL BIBLIOGEAPHY OF THE BKITISH COUNTIES.

I/ertttera macrophyllay Well, in Voigt Cat. Suburb. Calc, 103;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1873, 61 [t. 141, f. 7]. — ^Descriptioni
I.e. haecce adde : flores rosei, pedicellis 1-2 lin. longis puberulis
8u£Pulti ; calyx campanulatus, plus quam 2 lin. longus, dense
puberulus, 5- (peiraro 6-7-) lobus, lobis lanceolatis acutis; columna
staminalis calyce multo brevier, apice incrassato antheras 5 gerente in
subulam brevem excurrens. — Hah, Occurs also in the hills of Eastern
Bengal, as in Munnipore (De Silva) ; Cachar ; Khasya (Griff., no.
606).

I understand that this species is cultivated in the hothouses of
Scotland under the gardeners' name of ** Lady's Looking-glass."

Description op Tab. 141.

Fig. 1 — 3. JET. acuminata, Wall., showing a flowering branch nat. size, and
flower and reproductive organs magn. ; fig. 4 — 6. H. dubia, Wall., flower and
reproductive organs magnified, carpel nat. size ; fig. 7. H, maerophyUa, Wall.,
fruit nat. size. ^ (All fig^ures copied from Wallich's drawings.)

BOTANICAL BIBLIOaRAPHY OF THE BRITISH

COUNTIES.

Br Henry Teimen, M.B., F.L.S.

It has been remarked to me by more than one energetic field
botanist that the publication of a list of county and district floras,
topographically arranged, would be of considerable utility : in the
following catalogue I have endeavoured to carry out the suggestion.

The printing and recent distribution of Mr. H. C. Watson's
" Topographical Botany '* (part 1.) has newly directed attention to
the county distribution of British plants. In this useful book each
species is traced through 112 counties and ** vice-counties" (these
latter resulting from splitting up the larger counties), into which
Great Britain is divided by the author, and we therefore possess in its
pages as many county lists or outline Floras. All quotation of printed
matter is, however, purposely omitted in the volume, and there is
usually no further information to be gathered from the text than the
facts of occurrence or non-record as known to the author, though in
its compilation he must have consulted a vely large number of books
and paper's.

County Floras will, it is to be hoped, be some day superseded by
Floras of natural tracts of country. !No better means of expressing
the true bearings of geographical conditions on plant-distribution has
been found than the adoption of river-'basins as districts, and it would
be well if compilers of Floras of counties or other artificial tracts
would carefully distinguish, as has been done by several, between the
vegetation of the portions of different basins coming within their
area by the employment of districts founded on the natural drain^e.
One great advantage which would necessarily result were this practice
generally followed would be the completion of the Floras of the large
river-basins of England by the fitting together of the parts of their
area lying in different counties, just as in a child's puzzle the different

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BOTAKIGAL BIBLIOOBAPHT OF THB BRITZ8H OOUimBS. 67

objects of the picture are made np by the juxtaposition of several
pieces, each thus well representing a county with its artificial
boundaries.

It is unfortunate, but was at the time unavoidable, that
onr leading topographical botanist, Mr. Watson, in constructing his
eighteen primary '* provinces,'' maintained the county boundaries.
His plan was to form '* groups of counties, which together constitute
the basin of a principal river, or have some other peculiarity in
common," from which it of course resulted that, though distingmshed
usually by the name of some large river, the " provinces *' by no means
correspond to the districts respectively drained by the streams whose
names they bear. Other circumstances, mentioned in the ^' Oybele
Britannica," also contributed to render the primary '* provinces " still
more artificiaL

The tbllowing list of books and papers on local botany is arranged
under the heads of the counties which follow the sequence of Mr,
Watson's works. Immediately after the name of the county, in square
brackets, are the numbers and names of the *' vice-counties," and the
name of the '' province," as given in the same books, and after these is
an outline of the natural drconage, as an indication for dividing the
county into districts.*

Then follow the local Floras, which are thus arranged :— 1. When
there exists a complete Flora of the county it is given first, with some
indication of its scope and character. 2. The partial Floras are
classed in this way: first come references to the county lists of
** rarer plants " in the following general botanical guides : — Gibson's
edition of Camden's ** Britannia," 1695, the lists communicated by
Bay, except Middlesex by Petiver (Gibs.). — Appendix to T. Martyn*s
"Plant® Cantabrigienses," 1768 (Mart.). — Gough*s edition of Cam-
den's " Britannia," 1789, the lists communicated by various botanists
(Gough).— Turner and Dillwyn's " Botanist's Guide," 1805 (B. G.).—
H. C. Watson's "New Botanist's Guide," 1835-37 (New B. G.).—
Cooper's "Flora Metropolitana," 1836-37 (Cooper). Then foUow
references to other county lists of rarities or selected species, and
occasionally to books containing scattered information on the botany
of the county or some district in it. Lastly come the various local
catologues or Floras under the heading of the town or district to which
they refer, with occasional remarks. 3. I have made a note of the
herbaria of authors of local Floras or well-known collectors which
have since become the property of museums or societies, and are thus
common scientific property, as well as of other public collections.

It is evident that the plan here adopted does not exhaust all existing
plant-records. It is primarily only a list of professedly /oca/ treatises.
Where the authors of such books have been laborious and conscientious,
they have carefully collected what has been done by previous botanical
writers, and in some few cases have endeavoured to include everything
from the earliest attainable records. As a general rule, however, the
old (ante-Linnean) writers have been but little consulted by the com-
pilers of local catalogues, and, indeed, even more recent authors are

* The natoral watersheds of England are well shown in the small ** Physical
Hap of England and Wales/' publieiied by Stanford, Charing Gross.

p 2

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68 BOTAIVTCAL BTBLIOOBAPHT OF THE BBITISH COVHrTTEB.

frequently neglected. But the examination of a number of locsil
Floras has revealed much carelessness in this particular, and it is very
difficult to ascertain in many cases how far previously-written books
have been quoted. Besides the localities scattered through the
ponderous volumes of the old herbalists, there are numerous ones in
the general British Floras, from How's " Phytologia" (1660) down to
the present time ; it is of course impossible to refer more definitely to
these.

A small class of books requires to be noticed consisting of
Floras or catalogues for districts larger than counties, but not referring
to the whole country ; the several Scotch Floras, the Northern Flora,
Purton's Midland Flora, Irvine's London Flora, Balfour's Edinburgh
Flora, and many accounts of botanical tours are examples ; these
however are generally mentioned under the county to which they
chiefly refer. Two other books will scarcely fall under any category—
Blackstone's " Specimen Botanicum," 1746, consisting of localities in
various parts of England, the plants ammged in alphabetical order ;
and Milne and Gordon's ** Indigenous Botany." 1793 (of which but
^ one volume was published), in which are iniraerous localities in the
south-east of England. But the great storehouses of short lists,
isolated localities, &c., are the various botanical and natural history
periodicals and magazines ; only the more important and longer lists
from this source are referred to in the following catalogue. Lastly, it
should be mentioned that the great public herbaria are full of
locedities, many of them unpublished ; this i& especially the case with
the British collection at the British Museum.

I do not suppose that there are not many omissions in the following
list ; it is almost impossible to discover all the locally printed lists
and publications of country scientific societies. I shall therefore be
grateful to any reader who can add any particulars if he will send
them to me that they may be incorporated, as well as any notes on the
counties not included in this first instalment.

GosNWALL. — [1 "West, 2 East; artificially divided. Pr. Pentfuula.]
Drains N. & S. from a central high watershed running down
whole length of county. Plants of N. & S. should be distin-
guished.
1.— I. W. N. Keys, Flora of Devon & C, 1866-70 (Trans. Dev.
& Com. Nat. Hist. Soc). I7o districts. List of authors quoted
given, old writers neglected. Arranged by Bab. Man., ed. 5.
Mosses and Lichens by E. M. Holmes.
2.--Gibs.,23.— Mart., 44.— Gough i., 22.- B. G., 124.^NewB. G.,
6, 547. — Jones's Botanical Tour, 1820, with appendix.— J.
Jacob, W. Devon & C. Flora, 1836-37, vol. i. Only goes to
end of Tetrandria.— W. S. Here in Phytol. i., 160 (1841).—
F. P. Pascoe in Bot. Gaz. ii., 37 (1860). — James Irvine in
Naturalist iii., 115 (1866).
Falmouth. — H. C. Bastian in Kep. K. C. Polytechnic Instit., 1856.

AlgfiB by Miss Warren, ib., 1849.
Lizard — C. A. Johns, Week at the Lizard. — J. G. Baker in
Journ. Bot., 1871-72.

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BOTIKICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OP THK BRITISH OOXTNTIBS. 69

North Cornwall. ^W. M. Hind, J. G. Baker, W. Wise, and T.

R. A. Briggs in Joum. Bot., 1873.
Polperro.—T. Q. Couch in Rep. R. C. Polytechn. Inst., 1848.
Plymouthy neighbourhood of.— T. R. A Briggs in Joum. Bot.,

1863, etseq.
Pensance.^Q. B. Allen in Rep. R C. Polyt Inst., 1872.— W.

Curnow, Phyt. i., 1143.— JungermanniaB, W. Cumow, Phyt.

i., 609.— Mosses, A. Greenwood, Phyt. i., 997.
8c%Uy lales.^F. Townsend in Joum. Bot., 1864, p. 102.
3.— Herbarium of Penzance Nat. Hist. 8oc. — ^Herb. Plymouth
Instit. — ^Herb. R. Hortic. 8oc. Comwall.

DhvoN. — [3 South, 4 North; ** separated by an imaginary line adapted
to the watershed." Pr. Peninsula. j Rivers Torridge and Taw
flow N. into Bristol Channel ; Tamar, Dart, Exe, &c., S. into
£ng. Channel.
1. — J. P. Jones and J. F. Kingston, Flora Devoniensis, 1829.
Descriptive. Linnean system & Nat. syst. No districts. Cryp-
togams included. — T. P. Ravenshaw, New List of Fl. PJants
& Ferns of D., 1860. No districts, localities badly arranged,
many inaccuracies, authors quoted given.— I. W. N. Keys, Flora
of D. & Comwall (see Comwall), 1866-70.
2.-^Gib8., 42.— Gough i., 41.— B. G., 194.— New B. G., 12. 550.—
Jacob, W. Devon & Comwall Flora, 1836-37.- N. B. Ward in
Phyt. i., 20 (1841).— W. S. Here in Phyt. i., 160 (1841).—
Bellamy, Nat. Hist. S. Devon, 1840.
Chudletgh.—B.elLef Fl. of C, 1851.— List in Appx. to Jones Bot

Tour, 1820. Includes Cryptogams.
B. .4a:<?.— Edwards, Fems of the A., 1862.
Dartmoor. — Moore in Perambulation of D., 1848.
Pk/frtoutk.'-BajikBf P. & Devonport FL, 1830.— T. R. Archer

Briggs in Joum. Bot., 1863, et seq.
Tiverton. — Mackenzie in Ann. Rep. of D. Ass. for Adv. of Sc,

1865.
Totne8.-S. Hannaford, Flora Tottoniensis, 1851 ; Suppt., 1852.
Sidmouth. — Cullen, Flora Sidostiensis, 1849.
Ibr^May .—Stewart, Fl. of T., 1860. 25 miles' circle. Descriptive.
— M. Wyatt, Algffi Damnonienses (dried specimens), 1834,
&c.
Braunton Burrows. — Ravenshaw in Phyt., N.8., 1862, 355.
Barnstaple^ &c.— G. Maw in Phyt. iv., 785 (1853).
TeignmoutL — Jordan in Phyt. i., 827.
3.— Herb, of Torquay Nat. Hist. Soc. inT. Museum, includes Miss
Griffiths' Alg».

iMEBSRT. — [5 South, 6 North ; artificially divided. Pr. Peninsula.^
Chiefly drained by small rivers flowing N. into Bristol Channel,
but small portions by £xe. Axe, and Stour flowing S. into Eng-
lish Channel.
1.— No complete Flora. Ferns, Newman in Phyt. i., 964.
2.— Gibs., 83.— Mart., 92. -Gough i., 85.— B. G., 519, 747.— New
B. G., 27. 553.— See Turner, Herball, 1551-68 ; Lobel, Adver-
saria, 1571 ; Howe, Phyt. Brit., 1650.

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70 BOTANICAL BIBLIOOEAPHT OF THE BBITI8H OOXTITTIBS.

Bath.—BMng^n, Flora Bathoniensis, 1834; Supp., 1889.—
Additions to, in Proc. Bath Nat. Hist. Field Club, 1867.—
List of Fungi, ibid., 1868.
BmtoL — Swete, Fl. of B., 1864. Localities in S. distinguished
from those in Gloucestershire. No Grjrptogams. — ^Flower in
Phyt. i., 68.— Freeman, ib. i., 327.— H. 0. Stephens in West
of England Journal.— E. Chandler in Naturalist 1866, 281.
Weston-mper-Mare. — St. Brody, Flora of W., 1866.
JFells.^T. F. Ravenshaw in Phyt.,N.S., 1857, 180.— Sole in
J. Collinson's History of S., 1791, Introduction, pp. xvii-
xxii.
3. — Bev. L. Jenyns* Herbarium in Museum of Bath B. Lit. & So.
Inst. — Bristol Nat. Soc, forming a local herbarium. — Eev. W.
Tackwell collecting localities round Taunton.

Wilts. — [7 North, 8 South ; artificially separated by Eennet and
Atou Canal. Pr. Channel.'] Drains into three basins : E. into
the Bristol Avon, S. into the Christchurch Avon, N.W. into
the Isis (Thames).
1.— T. B. Flower, Flora of W., in vols. iv. and following of V.
Arch. & Nat. Hist. Mag., 1867-73 (16 parts issued, one more
to complete the Flora). Five artificial districts. Cryptogams
not contemplated. — Fungi, C. E. Broome in Wilts A. & N. H.
Mag., 1863.
2-— Gibs., 114.— Qough i., 114.— B. G,, 661— New B. G., 45,
564. — ^Aubrey's Memoires, MSS. in Boyal Society's Library,
1686.
Saliahurt/. — ^H. Smith, Flora Sarisburiensis, 1817, illustrated; 4
nos. pubd. — Maton, Nat. Hist of part of W. 10 miles round
S., 1843. AlphabeticaL Includes Cryptogams.
P&wsey, — Bavenshaw, Phyt., N.S., iii., 108, rare plants.
ifflfr/Jorotf^A.— Preston, FL of M., 1863. 6 miles' radius, 4 artifi-
cial districts. No Cryptogams. New edition being issued
in M. Nat. Hist Soc. Beports (finished to CalyciflorsB).
Additions, Britten in J. Bot, 1870, 324 ; 1871, 374.
Andover. — Clarke's List includes some W. localities (see Hants).
3. — Herbarium at Marlborough College. — A. B. Lambert's plants
at Oxford and Linnean Society.

DoESET. — [9. Pr. ChannelJ] Drains almost entirely S. into English
Channel, a small piece N. into Eiver Parret.
1.— J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Flora of D. All printed; publica-
tion expected inunediately.
2.— Gibs., 66.— Gough i., 64.— B. G., 213.— New B. G., 39, 563.
— See Lobel, Adversaria, 1671. — Pulteney in Hutchins' Hist
of D., 1799. Additions, 1813.
Poofo.— Bell-Salter, Account of Bot of P., 1839.
/. ofFurhech — Fungi by C.E. Broome, in Papers read before the

P. Society.
Swanage, — Mansel-Pleydell in Guide to Swanage, 1873.
Weymouth. — G. S. Gibson in Phyt. i, 736.
PorUand.^B.. Groves in Phyt, N.S., 1868, 601.
3. — Pulteney's Herbarium in British Museum.

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BOTANICAL BIBLIOGBAPHT OF TAB BAIT18H C0UKTIB8. 71

IsiBGP Wight.— [10. Vr. Channel.']
1.— W. A. Bromfield, Flora Vectensis, 1856. Full descriptions
given. Two districts artificially divided by' Medina River.
Previously printed matter included. Cryptogams not included,
A. G. More, Catalogue of FL Pits. & Ferns of I. of W., 1868.
To serve as an index to Dr. Bromfield's Herbarium. — Sup-
plement to the Fl. Yectensis, A. G. More in Joum. Bot.,
1871, pp. 72, 185, 167, 202.— Tucker in Journ, Hot, 1871,
p. 295.
2— [W. D. Snooke], Flora Vectiana, 1823. linnean System.
Karer species. Gamier in Hampshire Eepository, 1798; 32
species mentionjed. See also under Hants.
3.— Dr. Bromfield's I. of Wight Herbarium in Museum of I. of W.
Philosophical Soo. at Byde, His MSS. and some of his plants
at Kew.

Hants.— [11 South, 12 North; artificially divided. Pr. Channel']

Chiefly drains into the Channel ; N.E. portion belongs to the

Thames basin.

1.— W. A. Bromfield in Phytologist, vols. iii. & iv., 1848-51.

Includes I. of Wight. No districts. Cryptogams not included.

Additional localities from Dr. B.'s herbarium at Eyde, Phyt.,

N.S., iii., 1860, p. 80.

2. -Gibs., 134.— Mart, 50.— Gough i., 145.— B. G., 312.— New

B. G., 46, 566. — Gamier in Hampshire Bepository, 1798,

p. 114. Barer plants arranged on Linnean system. — See Mer-

rett's Pinax Eer. Brit., 1666. All include also L of Wight, i

New Foreet.—Wiae, Book of the N. F., 1862. FuU list of

Phanerogams. — ^Additions, Trimen & Dyer in Joum. Bot.,

1864, 316.— See also Withering's Nat. Arr. Br. Plants, ed.

3, 1796.

Andover.-^-O. B. Clarke, List of PL of A., 1866. 10 miles'

radius. A few Mosses included.
£asi Wbodhay. — ^Beeks in Trans. Newbury Dist. Field Club,

1872.
Forisea Island, Oosport^ &c.— Trimen in Phyt., N.S., 1863,

390.
Selborne.—Wiite'Q Nat. Hist. S., 1788.— Bell-Salter in Phyt. i.,

1132, &Bubiii., 97, 131.
WelUngton.--2Qrmj in Bep. Well. Coll. Nat. Hist. Soc, 1872.
Winehsster, — ^Warner in Bep. W. & Hampshire Sc. & Lit. Soc,

1872.
/W-tf^owi.— Notcutt in Phyt. ii., 201, 491.
3. — Many of Dr. Bromfield's plants, and his MSS. at Eew. — ^Mr.
B. S. Hill*s (of Basingstoke) Herbarium at Winchester & H.
Sc. & Lit. Soc. — Herbarium at Wellington College ; at Win-
chester College. — Mrs. Bobinson's (of Fareham) Herbarium in
Brit. Mus.
Mr. F. Townsend, of Shedfield Lodge, near Fareham, is engaged
on a Flora of the county.

itussEx. — [13 West, 14 East ; separated by high-road from Brighton
to Cuckfield. Pr. Channel.] Mainly drains into the Channel ;

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72 BOTANICAL BIBUOORAPHT OF THE BBTTIBH COX7KTIE8.

small parts of North drained by Mole (Thames basin) and Med-
way.
1. — No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs., 183.— Mart., 100.— Qough L, 207.— B. G., 696.— New
B. G., 51, 571.— T. H. Cooper in App. to Horsfield's History of
S., 1835. Barer plants, no districts, numerons localities, in-
cludes Cryptogams. — "W. B. Hemsley in Jonm. Bot., 1868,
194, 258 ; 1872, 299.— C. P. Smith, Moss Flora of S.
Hasthoume. — Catalogue compiled by E. Nat Hist. Soc. in East-
bourne Guide, 1873. Includes Cr3^togams.
Brighton. — ^Mrs. Merrifield, Nat Hist, of B., 1860. Indudes
Cryptogams.— Ibid., Marine AlgSB, Phyt, N. S., 1863, 513.
TilgaU -ForM^.— Lloyd & McEnnes in Phyt. iv., 633.
. JRastings. — ^H. Past and Present. List of plants.

See also the Floras of Tunbridge Wells and ReigaU.
3. — Mr. Borrer's Herbarium at Kew.

Mr. W. B. Hemsley, late of the Kew Herbarium, has collected
material for a Flora of the county.

Kent. — [15 East, 16 West ; separated by E. Medway and tributaries.
Pr. ThamesJ] N.W. part is in Thames basin, principally
drained by Medway ; E. portion by Stour ; S. part into Channel.
1. — No complete Flora-

2.— Gibs., 225.— Mart., 51.— Gough i., 260.— B. G., 338.— New

B. G., 64, 576. — Cooper, 46; Supp., 9. — SeeGerarde, Herball,

1597 ; Johnson's Gerarde, 1633; Parkinson, Theatr. Bot, 1640 ;

Blackstone, Spec. Bot, 1746. — T. Johnson, Iter plantarum in-

vestigationis ergo susceptum, 1629. N. Kent. — ^Ib., Descriptio

itineris Plant inv. ergo suscept in Agrum Cantianum, 1632,

N. & E. Kent. — Petiver, Tour from London to Dover, 1714

(Sloane MSS.) ; printed in Phyt, 1862., p. 116.— G. E. Smith,

Cat. of Bare Plants in South K., 1829. Linnean system ;

central point, Sandgate.^M. H. Cowell, Floral Guide to East

K., 1839. Plants arranged under localities. — ^Milne & Gordon,

Indigenous Botany, 1793. — N.E. & S. Kent. Anon., Phyt.,

N. S., 1861, 177, 207, 238, 336, 371, 374; 1862, 18, 60, 83,

129, 173. — ^Bot of district bet rivers Cray, Bavensboume and

Thames in Hep. of Greenwich Nat Hist. Soc.

Faversham. — Jacob, Plantae Favershamienses, 1777. — Cowell,

Floral Guide to E. K., 1839, part i. Arranged under localities

and times of flowering, good map. — ^H. A. Stowell in Phyt.,

N. S., 1855, pp. 249, 375; 1857, pp. 100, 153, 180, 261.

Thanet.— Flower, Flora Thanetensis, 1847.

i)(wer.— Dillwyn in Trans. Linn. Soc. vi., 177 (1801). Includes

Cryptogams. — Paley, Wild Fls. of D. and neighbourhood.

— H. C. in Phyt, N. 8., 1861, p. 83.

Folkestone.— LiBt of Plants (Creed's Library), 1870. Only

English names.
Zgdd — Dowker, Keid & Martin, Observations on Eomney Marsh

& Lydd Beach, &c.
Tunbridge Wells.— T. F. Forster, List of Rare PL, 1801.— Flora
Tonbridgensis, 1816, ed. 2, 1842 — Jenner, Flora of T. W.,

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M. D^^GU&B on B09A BALSABICA AND B. TOSAOIACA. 73

1846.— A. G. More in Phyt., N. S., 1856, 292, 345.— R.
Deakin, Fl. Plants of T. W. and Neighbourhood, 1871.
Bromley. — Agarics. G. Sparkes, Phyt. i., 1000.
Xeston Common.^Anon. in Phyt., N. S., 1860, 377 ; 1861, 384.
Herbarium of Folkestone Nat. Hist. Soc.

East Kent Nat. Hist. Soc. has made some collections towards a
Flora of E. K. — Mr. F. J. Hanbury, of Stoke Newington, is engaged
in compiliug a complete county Flora.

SuBKBT. — [17. Pr. Thames.'] Almost entirely in Thames basin;
small part of S.W drains S. into Channel.
1.— J. A. Brewer, Flora of S., 1863. Arranged by Lend. Cat., ed.
5. Nine artificial districts. No list of authors quoted given.
Cryptogams not included. Old authors not consulted. Southern
suburbs of London much neglected. Supplement, H. Trimen
in Joum. Bot., 1864, p. 70 ; includes some of the older authori-
ties (Martyn, Curtis).
2.— Gibs., 166.— Mart., 94.— Gough i., 180.— B. G., 677.— New
B. G., 84, 579.— Cooper, 1 ; Supp.. 1.— ^J. D. Salmon on
botanical divisions of county in Phyt. iv., 558 (1852). — See
Merrett's Pinax, 1666.
Battersea 8f Clapham. — W. Pamplin, Catalogue of rarer plants,
1827.
. Reigate, — Lnxford, R. Flora, 1838. — Additions, Holman in Phyt.
i., 52.— New B. Flora, 1856.— J. S. MiU in Phyt, N. S.,
i., 337.
Godalming. — Salmon in Phyt. ii., 447.
Famham.—^. W. Reeves in Bot. Gaz. ii., 76 (1850.)
3. — Mr. Salmon's Herbarium.

Mr. Brewer has made collections towards a supplement to his
Flora.

{To he continued,)

OBSERVATIONS SUR LES ROSA BALEARICA, Desfimtainee,

ET R. VOSAGIACA, Deeportes.

Pab a. D^^olise.

R. Balbabica (Sect. Cinnamomese), Desfont., Cat. Paris (1804)
et exempl. authent., in Herb. DC; Pers., Syn., 2, p. 49 (1807);
Dum.-Cours., Bot Cult. (1811), vol. 5, p. 484; B. earoltna, var.
lavis, Seringe in DC. Pr., 2, p. 605 ; B, mrgimana, Tratt., Mon. Ros.
2, p. 154. — Icon. Redoute, Les Roses (1824), livr. 7, a.— Had. He
Majorque (Desf. in Herb. DC.)

Voici la note de De CandoUe, conserv^e dans son herbier : — *' Sous-
arbrisseau de 4-5 d6cim6tres. Aiguillons ^pars et souvent gemin68 sous
chaque feuille, droits, d'abord rouges puis grisatres ; stipules enti^res
un peu cili6es. FeuiUes k 5 folioles elliptiques pointues des deux
c6t6s, dent^es en scie presque d^s la base. Petioles munis de quelques
petits aiguillons. P6doncules et ovaires charges de quelques poils
glanduleux, ovaire ovale spherique j divisions di^ calice presque 6^e8,

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74 H. DisiaUSB ON B08A BALSABICA AKD B. V08A6IACA.

enti^res, charg^ ea dessous de polls glanduleuz ; p^tales roses obtus,
gtigmates an peu yelus."

Void la description minutieuse que j'ai 6tablie sur Tunique
6chantilion conservl dansTherbier DeCandolle. — Arbrisseau . . . .;
ramuscule ^haut de 15 cent.) k ^corce verdatre portant vers son sommet
sous un p6tiole, deux petits aiguillons greles, fins, droits, horizontaux,
opposes, dilates k la base en forme de disque ; le ramuscule porte trois
petioles : un p6tiole glabre, inerme, les deux autres out deux petits
acicules grSles et quelques polls en dessous, tous canalicules en dessus ;
5-7 folioles elliptiques, aigues aux deux extremit6s, la terminale
longuement p6tiolee, les lat^rales presque sessiles, T^es en dessus,
giauques en dessous, il y a quelques folioles qui out la nervure
m^diane parsem6e de rares polls argentSs, simplement dent^es k dents
aigues ; stipules dtroites, glabi'es k oreillettes aigues, ciliees ; le ramus-
cide a deux p6doncules, gr61es, leg^rement acicules, I'un de cesp^don-
cules porte un bouton pres de s'^panouir, I'autre a la fleur ouverte ;
deux bract^es oppos^es, ovales, cuspiddes, glabres, plus courtes que
les p^doncules ; tube du calice petit, ovoide, glabre ; divisions calici-
nales enti^s, lanc6ol^es, spathul^es au sommet, glanduleuses en
dessous k glandes fines, les interieures en outre tomenteuses aux bords,
saillantes sur le bouton, plus longues que la coroUe, ^tal^es k
I'anth^se ; fieurs . . . (difficile de se prononcer pour la oouleur sur 1^l
^cbantillon ancien); styles libresl tr^ yelus, courts, disque peu
apparent; fruit ....

Observation. — ^Lindley, Monog. of Roses, p. 117, et Trattinick,
Monog. Bos., 2, p. 97, consid^rent le H, balearica, I)esfont., comme
^tant la meme plante que le i2. aemjservirmSf lin. ; pour appartenir k
ce dernier il faudrait que les styles fussent soud^s en colonne : ce qui
n'existe pas. Desvaux, Joum. £ot. (1813), vol. ii., p. 108, connais-
sait-il le B. haleariea^ Desfont. ? Le doute est permis quand il dit :
*<que ce rosier ne pent ^tre consid^6 que comme une ti^-legere
vari^t6 du R. sempervirem^ lin.'' Besvaux avait sans doute oubli^
de regarder la conformation des styles? Wallroth, Histor. Eos.,
p. 145, fait de la plante de Desfontaines la vari^t^ p. de son E. eretiea^
qui sous ce nom comprend le R. montanaj Ghaix ; R. Seraphim^ Yiv. ;
R. Doniatkif Woods; R. ortentalis, Dupont; R, glutinosa^ Sibth.
La synonymic bizarre de Wallroth permet aucune discussion. Persoon,
8yn. ii., p. 49, dit que le R. bakarieaf Desfont., est voisin du
R. pumilay Lin. ; mais ce rosier n'a rien des caract^res du groupe des
gaUicana pour faire une semblable assimilation. Dumont de Gourset,
Bot. Cultiv. (1811), vol. v., p. 484, place le R, dakarica, Desfont.,
apr^s le R, alba, Lin. ; puis Ilia fin de sa description il dit : ^' Cette
esp^ce a des rapports aul^o. 26 {R, putnila).^^ Cette compandson
a 6i6 sans doute dtablie d'apr^s Persoon ? Seringe in DC. I^x>d. ii.,
p. 605 ; place le R. balearicaf Desfont., dans le groupe du R. earo-
Una, Lin., et devient sa variety b, lavis ; k la quelle il ajoute en
synonyme le R. cor^mbosa, Ehrh. (non Bosc. nee Dup.) ; puis cite la
figure de Bedout6, voL i., p. 84, opt. Seringe ^tait plus dans le
vrai en consid^rant le R. baUarica, Desfont., comme devant appartenir
au groupe du R, Carolina. Trattinick, I.e., p. 154, sous le nom de
R. virginiana (non Du Eoi), decrit il nous semble le R. balearicaf
Desfont., puis il dit de la planche de Bedout^ : ** An species distincta ?"

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M. Dis^USB OH B03A BALKABIOA AlfD R. T08A0UCA. 75

plancbe regard^ comme bonne par Seringe pour le rosier de Desfon-
taines.

Si le R. confmhoio, Ehrh., est r^ellement le £. eamlina^ Lin.,
comme le dit Lindley, ,le isom de R. halearicat Deafont., do^ Stre
conserve.

K. yirginiana, MilUr (1759) = E. blanda, Jaeq.

R. „ fferm. (1762) = ? E. stricta, MuU. ex X»W/.

R. „ Du Rot (1772) -- E. Carolina, Zm. ex Ztiki/.

E. ,, .ar«*^(1800) = E. Carolina, Ztn.

K. ,. Tratt. (1823) = E. balearica, Ih»f.

E. corjnibosa, Ehrh, (1789) ~ E. Carolina, Lin. ex Lindl.

E. „ Bup. (1809) = E. Hudsoniaoa salicifolia, Red.

E. ,, ^(M^. (1821) = E. blanda, Jaeq.

E. TosAeiACA (Sect. MontansB), Desportes, Eoset. Gkdl. (1828),
p. 88 ; R. glauca^ Yillars! in Lois. Jour. Bot de Desvaux (1809),
vol. ii., p. 336 (non Desfont.); Lois. Notice (1810), p. 80; Poir.,
Diet. Enc. sup. iv., p. 716 ; Tratt., Monog. Eos. ii., p. 223 ; R. eanina
gkuca, Desv., Jour. Bot. (1813), ii.> p. 116; R. rubrifolia, var./nn-
Mtifiday Seringe! Mus. Helv. (1818), fasc. i., p. 11, etin DC. Pr. ii.,
p. 610 ; Dub. Bot. i., p. 177 ; R. rubrifolia^ var. Reuteri, GMet !,
Fl. du Jura (1853), p. 218; R. Rmteri, Godetl, in Eeuter,
Cat. de Geneve (1861), p. 68 ; D6s6gL, Essai Monog., in M^m.
Soc. Acad, de Maine-et-Loire, vol. x., p. 99 et extr., p. 59 ; Gren.
PI. Jur. (1864), p. 238, part. ; Cariot Etud. des Fleurs (1865), yol. ii.,
p. 175 ; Pourreau, Cat., p. 69 ; Verlot, PL Dauph. (1872), p. 115;
R. monticola^ a. Reuteri, Eapin !, Guid. Cant, de Vaud (1862), p. 194 ;
R alptphila, Arvet-Touvet !, Essai sur les PI. du Dauph. (1871), p. 27
ex exempl. authent I ; R. moniana germinihua glabriSy Schleicher, Cat.
(1815), p. 46.— /«w. Seringe, I.e., tab. ii., f. 2.—JSxhc. Billot, No.
3581 et No. 3581 bis, le num6ro bis est un tr^mauyais 6chantillon
<li8triba6 sous le nom de yari^t^ **folns hiserratis '' ; ce que nous
avons re9u a les feuilles simplement dent^es, D6s6gli8e, Herbarium '
Eosarum, no. 63.

Arbrisseau de 1 ^ 2 metres, rameux a rameauxpurpurins ou yerda-
tres, aiguillons robustes, blanchatres dilates k la base, crochus ou pres-
que droits, ceux des rameaux plus petits ; p6tioles glabres purpurins ou
Yerd4tres, inermes ou munis de tr^s-petits aigmllons ; 5-7 folioles
oyales ou obtuses, toutes p^tiol^es, les unes arrondies k la base, d'autres
airondies au sommet et cun^iformes a la base ou aigues aux deux
extr^mit^s, fermes, coriaces, neryeuses, glauques, unpeurougeatres sur
les neryures et les jeunes pousses, simplement dent^es k dents aigues
plus ou moins profondes (je ne yois pas sur les nombreux 6chantillons
que j'ai en herbier de cette plante des aiguillons sur la neryure
m^diane comme le dit M. Grenier, I.e., mais il faut dire que cet
auteur d6crit plutot un groupe de formes qu'un yrai type) ; stipules
grandes, plus ou moins layees de pourpre, glabres, dilat6es, souyent
termin^es par un appendice foliac^, les au^es k oreillettes aigues plus
ou moins droites ^ou diyergentes, bordees de glandes; pidoncules
courts, glabres, solitaires ou r6unis 2-4 en bouquet ayant h. leur base
de larges bractees oyales, layees de pourpre, glabres, cuspid6es au
scmmiet, qui cachent entierement les p^oncules ; tube du calice sub-

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76 M. D^SEaLISB OK UOSA BALBABICA AlTD B. YOSAOIACA.

globuleux ou ovo'ide, glabre ; divisions calicinales lanceol^s, acumin^s,
glabresy trois pinnatifides, deux entier^s, r^fl^chies apr4s I'anthese,
pais redresses et caduques au commencement de la maturity du fruit ;
styles velua; corolle assez grande d'un rose vif; fruit gros subglo-
buleux ou ovo'ide, d'un rouge orang^.

iZaJ.—Juin, juillet. Vall6e8 et broussailles des montagnes. —
Frahcb — Savoie, mont Joigny, mont Nivolet (Songeon), montagne
des Chaires (Perrier) ; Saute- Savoie, Haber^s-Lullin, k Glappaz,
Reyvroz (Puget), le mont Saleve ; Puy-de-Ddme^ Fontanat pres de
Clermont ! ; Jvra, Salins !, mont Poupet ! ; Dovibs, Pontarlier ! ; Vosges^
Champ du Feu (Mougeot, 1814, in Herb. DC. ! sub nom. R. fflauca,
Yillars), ballon de Saint- Maurice (Pierrat), G6rardmer ! ; Basses-
Alpesy fcJaint Paul de Vars (Arvet-Touvet) ; Hautes-AlpeSy La Grave
(Ozanon), mont Bayard sur Gap (Gariod) ; Iserey for^t de Portes,
montagne de la Salette (Yerlot) ; Lozere, Mende (Prost, 1815, Herb.
DC.) ; Fyr^es'orientales (Coder, 1814, Herb. DC.).— Espaokb. —
Pyr6n6es-d'Aragon, Lessera (Timbal-Lagrave). — Suissb. — Cant, de
Frihowrgj Tine pres de Montbovon ! ; Cant, de Berne, Adelboden aa
fond du Simenthal (Seringe, 1815, Herb. DC.) ; Valais, Bo vernier !,
Salvan !, la Forclaz ! ; indiqu^ par M. Christ, *' Die Rosen der Schweiz,"
dans les Cantons de Yaud, de Keuchatel, de Schaffhouse. — ^Pbusse. —
Harz (Wallroth, 1834, Herb. DC), Schlosswald (Garke, Herb. Royal
de Koenigsberg), Kupyker Wald. Kiauten (Sanio, Herb. Royal de
Koenigsberg). — Anolbtebbb, — Lancashire, Sephton (Webb). — Bbl-
eiQUE. — Indique dans les montagnes bois^es du Limbourg, par
Lejeune (Revue de la Flore de Spa). I^ous ignorons la plante de
Lejeune.

Obs, — 1809. II est parl6 pour la premiere fois du E. glauea,
Yillars, par Loiseleur-Deslonchamps en 1809, dans sa "Notice sur les
plantes ^ ajouter k la flore de France,^' edit6e par Desvaux dans son
journal botanique et dont le tirage a part fut effectu6 en 1810. '' Rosa
glauea, Yillars, in6dit. R» germinihus ovatis pedunculisque glabris,
calycinis laciniis pinnatifidis, foliolis ovatis glaucis, aculeis sparsis."
Ce rosier croit dans les montagnes des Yosges ; il m'a 6t6 communiqu6
par M. Mougeot. — 1813. Desvaux, Lc, s6rie 2, voL 2, p. 116,
" Disposition m^thodique des esp^ces de rosiers naturels au sol de la
France,'* croit devoir r^unir cette plants au R. eanina et en fait sa
vari6t6 ^*glauca**; R, glauoa, Yill. (non Desfont.) ; le R» glattea,
Desf., est de 1808 et correspond au R. ruhrifolia, Yillars. — 1815. De
CandoUe, ** Flore fran9aise," vol. 5, p. 358, dit: " Sousle nom de R.
canina, je comprends tons les rosiers k fruit ovo'ide, glabre ainsi que le
p6doncule ; si folioles glabres, simplement dent6es en scie ; k tiges et
p6tioles munis d'aiguUlons crochus, k styles libres, k fleurs variant
du rose vif au rose le plus pale ; quoique ce caractbre exclue plusieurs
des variet6s r^unies k cette esplce par divers auteurs, il en reste
encore un nombre trbs-consid6rable, et parmi les quels il se trouvera
probablement quelques esp^ces dignes d' ^tre admises : le R. glauea,
Yill., in Lois., not. p. 80, remarquable par son feuillage glauque et le
rose vif de ses fleurs, paralt ^tre de ce nombre." — 1820. Lindley,
" Monograph of Roses," admet en synonyme avec un point de doute
le R. glauca, Yill., h, son R. canina, — 1823. Trattinick, "Modot
graphia Rosacearum," place le R, glauca, Yill., dans sa s^rie des

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M. D^S^USE OV BOSA BALEARICA AlTD B. V08AOUCA. 77

Sfecies minns cognitsa. — 1825. Seringe. in DC. Prod., admet an E.
fyhrifoUa une yariet6 pinnatifida qni est le R, glauea^ Yill. ! Seringe
en d6crivant le genre MMa pour le Prodromns, ne fait ancune mention
da R, glauca^ Yillars, pas m^me comme synonyme ! II y a lien de
B*etonner d'nn tel oubli de sa part, puisqne la plante a 6t6 d6crite en
1809, et que THerbier DC. po886dait le type depuis 1814! Le
Yolnme du Prodromus date de 1825. Libre k Seringe de ne pas
admettre le R. glauea, Vill., comme esp^ distincte, mais il 6tait
juste de le mentionner en synonyme, surtout dans un livre qui passe
pour enregistrer tons les faits connus I — 1828. Duby, ** Bot. gall.,"
copie Seringe. — 1828. Desportes, "Ro8etumgallicum,"voyant que le
R. glauea, YUl., n'6tait pas celui d6crit en 1808, par Desfontaines,
Ini donne le nom de R» vosagtaea^ Desp. ; R, glauea, Yill., in Lois.,
notice p. 80. — 1834. Mutel, "Flore fran9ai8e," ne fait aucune
mention du R. glauea, Vill., qu'il semble ignorer. — 1843. M. GFodron,
** Flore de Lorraine," dans la premiere comme dans la seconde 6dition,
parle nullement de ce rosier; cependant THerbier de Mougeot
6tait h sa port6e ! II y a lien de s'6tonner d*un tel oubli, I'espSce
de Villars ayant pris naissance dans les Yosges! — 1847. Gk>nnet,
" Flore dl6mentaire de la France," ne fait aucune mention de ce
rosier. — 1848. Grenier et Gk)dron, "Flore de France," ignoraient
sans doute ce rosier ? — 1852. Kirschleger, " Flore d* Alsace. "ne dit rien
da R, glauca, Yillars ; il semble ignorer ce qui a 6t6 publi6 40 ans avant
lui !— 1853. Apparait dans la " Flore du Jura" de M. Godet, in R.
rubrifolia, p, Reuteri; qui n'est pas autre chose que la vari6t6|Hnna-
tifiday Seringe in DC. Le besoin ne se faisait ponrtant pas sentir de
cr6er nn nouveau nom pour une chose existante d6j^ depuis 1825 ! —
1861. Renter, " Catal. de Geneve " ; la vari6t6 6tablie par M. Godet,
dans sa " Flore du Jura," p. 218, se change en esp^ce distincte dans le
catalogue de Renter et prend le nom de R, Reuteri, Godet. —
1861. Nous m^me dans notre "Essai sur les rosiers," nous avons
admis le R. Reuteri; mais nous gardions un doute sur cette espbce de
nouvelle cr6ation, qui nous semblait devoir Str6 d6crite depuis long-
temps, ^ cause de son abondance dans la region montagnarde oii elle
T^gete ; il nous paraissait assez 6trange que cette forme marquante
n'ait pas attire I'attention des anciens monographes. £n 1853, herb-
orisant dans les Yosges avec feu Billot, nous r6coMmes ce rosier qui
fut plac6 dans notre herbier sous le nom de R, voeagiaca, Desp.,
determination que notre savant maltre M. Boreau, avait bien voulu
nous communiquer en 1854. — 1864. M. Grenier, qui dans sa " Flore de
France," n'admet que 23 esp^ces de rosiers, va de Tavant pour sa flore
jnrassique, puisqne pour le Jura seulement il donne l'6num6ration de
46 types dont six sont de sa cr6ation. II admet sans rien consulter
du pass6 le R. Reuteri comme une nouveaut6 pour la flore fran^aise,
mais, h61as! qui avait 6t6 d6crite 52 ans avant lui! — 1871. M.
Arvet-Touvet, " Essai sur les plantes du Dauphin6," d^crit comme
esp^ce nouvelle sous le nom de R. alpiphilay le R. voaagiaea, Desportes,
reedit6 en 1861, sous le nom de R. Reuteri,

(1808) = R. rubrifoHa, Vill. (1789).

(1809) = R. vosagiaca, Deip. (1828).
(1818) = R. repens, 8e(yp, (1772).

B. glauca,

Detf.

B. „

ViUart

B. „

Ditrb.

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78 FLORA OP THE LSftDS AND BRADFORD DISTRICT.

R. glauca Sehott, ^(1822) = R. Schottiana, Seringe, (sub

R, eanina, var.) (1825).
R. Reuteii, Godet (1861) = R. vosagiaca, i>«r;?. (1828).

R. alpiphila, ^rv.-Ibwv. (1871) = R. „

ON THE FLORA OF THE LEEDS AND BRADFORD

DISTRICT.

Br F. Arnold Lees, F.L.S.

The substance of Dr. Willis's paper before the British Association,
given in this Journal (pp. 10-18), suggests, and its many queries
appear to invite, some remarks by way of amplification, if not of
correction. A close and loving acquaintance for many years with the
district in question, made with a view to a fuller Flora of the Riding
than has yet appeared, perhaps entitles to the right of comment. I
entirely concur in the bulk of the remarks in the paper — ^it is more
with details than generalities that I am concerned here

The region included by Dr. Willis (for purposes of contrast with
the limestones east and west, I suppose) as the environs of Bradford
appears to be a somewhat large one, to judge from the internal
evidence afforded, to one well acquainted with their stations, by many
of the species given as found '^ on the grits and clays of the immediate
neighbourhood of Bradford"; for the precise limits, by radius mileage
or otherwise, of the district-circle are nowhere in the paper as pub-
lished clearly defined. So large, indeed, that considering Leeds with
Bradford (ten miles apart) to be about the centre of a tract excluding
the limestones — as done in the title of this paper — cannot greatly
affect the Flora, since it does not materially enlarge the district. In
the following remarks, however, I shall confine myself strictly within
the limit Dr. WUlis appears to have intended ; nevertheless I will
define it, viz., northwaid from Bradford and Leeds to the gritstone
spurs of the tableland on the far side of the Wharfe, from Harewood
to Ilkley ; north-west from Bradford up the Aire valley to Eildwick,
and thence round by Haworth, Hebden Bridge, Huddersfield, and
Methley to Harewood, completing the circle. This will include parts
of three riversheds, t^e Golne and Calder, the Aire, and the Wharfe.
The south-east quarter of this circle marks the coal country, the Flora
of which will be considered separately ; the northern half of the
circle maps out the gritstone ; the south-west quarter the flagst(me
stratum within our limits. For those who may wish to compare the
plant-lists with the records in H. C. Watson's ** Topographical Botany,"
I may say that the country to the south of the river Aire is within
vice-county 63, South- West York, and that north of the same river in
64, Mid West York.

First, I note a list of species Dr. Willis does not know to occur
" in this part of the country." Some of them, however, are not
absent. — Myo%uru9 the writer has once met with in a thin-cropped,
sandy field where water had stood, at Thomer, near Leeds, bordering
upon the eastern (magnesian) limestone. Mjt J. 6. Be^er records

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FLQBA OF THE LSIBS AND BRADFOBD DI8TBICT. 79

localities^ and accounts it native in North Yorkshire, and I think it
should; therefore, so occur with us if well-searched for in the district
of Lower Aire, towards Selby. Maka rotundifolia is indicated in two
or three spots in the north-east of our district, but, as is usual with
this species in the North of England, in lanes or hedge-banks near
&rm dwellings ; at home now, but still with a suspicion of introduction
originally, like Chelidonium^ Senecio sarraeenieuSf and Wormwood.
Geranium puaiUum is, I believe, often overlooked — perhaps not known
well by many local botanists. It occurs in the Wharfe valley, and on
the Permian formation at Smeaton Crags, near Askeme, and elsewhere.
[On the same tract I find it very commonly in Durham.] Scleranthus
grows in sandy fields at Meanwood and Harewood, upon the gritstone,
and is common east of the calcareous tract, u^opodium occurs in plenty
in many shady spots near our becksides, in coppices and rural lanes,
with every appearance of a true wilding. I am inclined to regard it
as a native with us. Asperula cynanehica grows at Thorp Arch, and in
Wentvale, on magnesian limestone ; the former station its northern
limit on the east side of Britain. CeiUaurea Cyanw and MelmitUhda are
not very common, still both occur not rarely ; Hehninthia^ perhaps,
most otten on railway embankments. Cmeuta Trifolii casually at
Bramhope on grit, Kippax on limestone, &c. Eehium vulgare is plenti-
hil upon the magnesian limestone, as at Brotherton and Knaresborough,
and has occurred sporadically far off it. Salvia verhenaca is noticeable
with the last at Knaresborough, and in the valley of the lower Wharfe,
Cdamintha Aeinoa is common enough at Pontefract, in old quarries and
on calcareous pastures ; and C. offidnalis grows at Rigton sparingly, and
farther north near Bipon. Oakopais Ladanum I have seen but rarely
within the district — ^Eccup, MUford. LyBimaehia Nummularia is
plentiful by drain and ditch sides, and in osier-beds by the Aire below
Leeds, as at Brotherton, &c. CeratophyUum in pools and mill-dams
here and there, but not frequent — by the waterfall at Eoundhay
Park, near Leeds. Spiranthst autumnaUs is with us thoroughly
xerophilous, and quite confined to the eastern limestone— -Barwick-in-
Elmet, Bramham, Knaresborough. Iris ftxtiditsima, doubtfully wild,
in a pond or two in the Wharfe and Ure valleys.

On the other hand, of those species named along with the above
as not occurring, Onobryehis, Urodium, Viburnum Lantana, Ciehorium^
Solanum nigrum, Orobanehe^ and Carpinus are really absent, not only
from the Bradford grit and clay, but from the limestones as well ;
and as I have stated in a former paper (voL ii., N.S., p. 67) Erodium,
Cotyledon^ Campanula Traehelium^ and Euphorbia amyydaloides are to
be regarded as characteristic absentees, along with Ranunculus hirsutus,
TrifoUum arveme, Geranium pyrenaioum, and others.

To constitute a plant characteristic of a local tract, it should hardly
occur commonly in the one contrasted with it. If I am right in this,
Pinyuicula vulgaris and Koeleria cannot be ''characteristic of the
Craven district," seeing that I have not found them to be either con-
fined to the scar-Hmestone, or more abundant there than over large
tracts off it. Arahis hirsuta even, which is most abundant in the
western hilly region, occurs pretty frequently on the magnesian tract
from Askerne northwards to Bipon ; whilst Kaileria is plentifal on the
same stratum at Brotherton, Micklefield, on the Knaresborough cliffs.

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80 FL0R4 OF THB LSED8 AND BBADFOBD DI8T1ICT.

&0. ; and Pinguioula vulgaris^ again, is common and luxuriant upon
the moors and bogs of the millstone grit, as on Rombald's Moor, Bliu^k-
moor, A4el Bog, and also on the mosses of the low country to the
east.

For the rest, out of those species styled '' distinctiye of the
Askeme district,'' Hippuris, Humulus, Canium maculatumy Orchis
Mbrio, and Colchicum are not confined to that ti*act of country. Hip-
puris has been met with in the Aire and Wharfe valleys, and I hare
seen it very abundant in a watery bog high up on the plateau known
as Hard-Flask, between Malham Tarn and Amcliffe, on the Craven
limestone, at an altitude of near 1500 feet — ^the highest station I am
acquainted with. Humtdus trails over hedges at Leathley in Wharfe-
dale on the grit, and at Mirfield on the flagstone. Conium is common
enough in Wharfedale and Nidderdale, about Harewood and Plump-
ton Orckit Mbrio and Colchicum not specially on the limestone;
fields full of them near Poole, &c., on millstone grit.

Lastly, Galium verum can hardly be classed amongst species dis-
tinguishing both limestones from the grit, since it grows (though of
cour se neither so abundantly nor so universally) both in the Aire and
Wharfe district on sandstone.

JEleocharis adcidaris is mentioned by Dr. Willis as to be met with '
on the moors along with Carex pulicaris. With regard to the former
species, is there not some inadvertent error ? Without wishing to be too
dogmatic, I would suggest that Scirptu setaeeus was the species seen,
inasmuch as it is rather common in such situations (though included
within brackets in the list of Bradford plants as the. rarer of the two),
and both with us and in North Yorkshire ascends to over 1500 feet ;
whilst E. acicularis has not occurred at elevations much over 100
yards, but is, on the contrary, characteristically restricted to low
grounds. On the sandy, marshy tracts near York (outside our
limits) it is plentiful, though I am aware it has been reported
just once from the grit-stone near Yeadon by Dr. Garrington — since
unsuccessfully sought for there.

Oentiana Amarella I have found confined to the limestone, whilst
G. campesiris is pretty abundant upon high pastures not on limestone,
as at Ovenden and Warley, near Halifax. Gdlanthua is certainly
introduced in our woods on sandstone ; and Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus
ofbener so than not, though in the valley of the Washburn — a tribu-
tary of the Wharfe — where it is very plentiful, it is undoubtedly indi-
genous.

From the streams and pools of the Bradford district Lysimachia
vulgaris is not altogether absent. Glyceria aquatiea hardly abounds —
on the gritatone I have always found it to be rare ; whilst Littorella
has been detected in six or seven reservoirs at least, widely distri-
buted. Sanguis orha officinalis , too, off damp limestone pastures and
osier-beds is quite a rarity.

In conclusion, I give some additions to the appendices of Dr.
Willis's paper, and some erasures which will require to be made.

I. Plants of the Geit and Clay Distkict.
Note. — A after the name of a species denotes its occurrence in the

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FLMU OP THE LVBDS AlTD BRADPOaD* DISTRICT. 81

Aire rivershed ; C in that of the Calder ; W iu that of the Wharfe.
Doubtfolly indigeiioas species are given in italics.

Species additional to those named hy Dr, Willis. — Clematis Vitdlha
A W. Banancnlos circinatus W, Lenonnandi A. Aquilegia A.
AcUm C. Papaver dubium A C W. Chelidoninm A W. Armoracia
rusticana "W. l^asturtium terrestre A C, sylvestre A W, amphibiam
A C. Reseda Luteola W. Sagina nodosa A W. Spergalaria rubra
A W. Radiola A. Hypericnm Androssemnm A, elodes A. Gera-
nium pnsillum W, colurabinnm W. Impatiens Noli-me-tangere W.
Ulex (Mlii A W. Melilotus arvensis W. Trifolium hyhridum A.
Ornithopus A. Vicia hirsata A C W. Primus Avium A W. Coma-
rum A "W. Rubus suberectus A, Kadula A W, dumetorum A W,
caeeius A W. Rosa Sabini A, mollissima A W. Pyrus communis A.
Epilobium roseam A, palustre A. Hippuris A. Ceratophyllam A C.
Peplis Portula A. Scleranthus A W. Conium A W. Helosciadium
inundatum A. uSgopodium A C W. Pimpinella magna W. Sium
angustifolium W. Galium verum A W, Mollugo W. Yalerianella
dentata A C W. Helminthia A W. Hieracium boreale A C W.
Carduus heterophyllus A. Centaurea Cyanus A W. Bidens cemna C.
Artemisia vulgaris A W. Senecio erucifolius W, sarracenicus A.
Doronicum Pardalianches W. Matricaria Chamomilla W. Tinea
minor A. Gentiana campestris C. Menyanthes A W. Cuscuta Tri-
folii W. Verlascum Thapsus W. Pedicularis palustris A. Linaria
minor A "W. Limosella uquatica A. jyientha sativa A W. Galeopsis
Ladanum W, versicolor A. Scutellaria minor A. Myosotis repens A.
Lysimachia vulgaris W, Nummularia A. Chenopodium rubrum A W.
Rumex nemorosus A W, obtusifolius A C. Polygonum Hydropiper
A, mite A, Humulus C W. Salix Qindulata W], Smithiana W,
aurita A W. Listera cordata C W. Epipactis latifolia W. Orchis
Morio "W, latifolia W. Colchicum "W. Carex dioica A, intermedia A,
muricata A "W, binervis A W, laevigata A, pilulifera A W, ampullacea
A, vesicaria A, paludosa, A W. Festuca sciuroides A. Nitella flexilis
AW.

Species queried or italicised hy Dr. Willis which do occur. — Thalic-
tmm flexuosum W. Pamassia A W. Rosa tomentosa A W. ChsBro-
phyllum temulum A W. Galium palustre A. Tanacetum A W.
Rumex sanguineus A. Betula glutinosa A. Salix aurita A W. Juncus
glaucus A. Aira caryophyllea A W. Serrafalcus commutatus A W,
racemosus A. Lolium italicum A. Equisetum palustre A W.

Species requiring erasure, as very doubtful. — Eranthis and Pulmo-
norta, without any claim to inclusion even as denizens. Vicia tetra-
sperma, very rarely if ever, and depauperate hirsuta common !
Anthyllis, Poterium, Galium boreale, Myosotis collina, Melampyrum
sylvaticum, Ballota fcdida, Carex pendula, divulsa, all occur on the cal-
careous tracts, but nowhere off them, I think. Sedum acre, only
where planted. Sempervivum, ditto. Senecio viscosus, perhaps on
railway bank ballast, but nowhere else. Artemisia campestris, queried
as though possible, but of course a mere lapsus calami for vulgaris /
Pyrola media, recently by any good observer? Parietaria erecta
(Koch), Festuca ruibra, Equisetum varieyatum, no records, but hardly
hkely?

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82 FLOBA OF THE LEEDS Ain> BBADFOBB DISTRICT.

II. PlAITTS AB9EKT FROM THE BRADFORD FlORA WHICH OOCITR OK

THE Limestone to the East or West.

Note. — Species found on the Western Scar-limestone are indicated
by W ; those of the Eastern Permian tract by E. Doubtfully indi-
genous plants in italia. Species not seen by the writer are placed
within brackets.

Additional Species. — ^Myosurus E. Helleborus viridis E W,
fcstiduB E W. Papaver hybridum E. Meeonopsis W. Thlaspi arvense
E, occitanum W. Lepidium Smithii E, Draba E. Draba,
incana W. Teesdalia E. Cardamine impatiens W. Diplotaxis
tenuifolia E. Reseda alia E. [Helianthemum canura W.] Viola
hirta E. Silene maritima W, noctiflora E. Stellaria glauca
E. Cerastium aquaticum E. Maha rotundifolia E. Gera-
nium sangaineum E. Ononis spinosa E. Melilotus vulgaris "E. Astra-
galus glycyphyllos E Spiraea Filipendula E. Potentilla vema E.
Rosa micrantha E, ruh'ginosa E W. Pyrus Aria W. Hippuris W.
Sedum acre W, «tfa:«»^w^rtf W ? [Petroselinum segetum E.] Sison
E. Bupleurum rotundifolium E. (Eaanthe Lachenalii E. Ghtlium
montanum W. Asperula Cynanchica E. Picris E. Lactuca virosa
E. Serratula E. Carduus crispus E. Pyrola rotundifolia E» minor
W. Ligustrum W. Gentiana Amarella E W. Verhascum Blattaria
E. Veronica Anagallis E W. Melampyrum sylvaticum W. Mimulus
luteus E W. Verbena E. Mentha viridis W. Origanum E. Cala-
mintha officinalis E. Lithospermum officinale E. Echium E. Plan-
tago media E W. Daphne Mezereum W. Cephalanthera ensifolia W.
Habenaria chlorantha W. Galanthus E. Ikilipa E. Allium olera-
ceum W, Scorodoprasum W, vineale E. Polygonatum officinale W.
Cladium E. Schosnus W. Blysmus corapressus W. Scirpus fluitans
E. Carex divulsa E, digitata E, pendula E. Arundo Epigejos E.
Avena pubescens E, pratensis W. Koeleria E W. Melica nutans E.
Catabrosa E. Brachypodium pinnatum E. Hordeura sylvaticum E.
Lycopodium alpinum W (but on the gritstone caps of the hills).

Eraswres as possible errors — at any rate further proof desirable. —
Diplotaxis muralis. Sedum anglicumy ? planted. Polystiehum Lonehitis,
extinct. Sedum reflexum and dlhum most certainly only where planted.

SUMHART*

The 70 additions made to the species found on the grits and clays
of the Bradford district (minus 8 rejected) raise their number to 525 ;
with 63 additions (minus 5 exclusions) to Dr. Willis's list of 144
plants restricted to the limestone regions, we have an aggregate of 727
species which can with certainty be claimed for Central West York-
shire, and of these 202 are only found on one or both of the calcareous
tracts. The deficiencies of the true xerophilous class of species over
our limestone regions, when their northerly position is considered, may
thus be inferred to be not very numerous, several of those we do
possess just reaching and finding their northern limit with us. Adding
to these 230 others which find a suitable home only on alluvial and
other ground still' farther east or west of the limestones, we arrive at
a total of 957 species (excluding pure aliens\ the number found, so
far as at present known, in the entire West Biding of Yorkshire, this
being 35 less than the number claimed for North Yorkshire by Mr.

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apOBT K0T18 AVD QITBBISS. 83

J. G. Baker in his Flora of that dividion of the coon^ — a fact contrarj,
perhaps, to what one would expect of a more sontiaerly district, hut
explainable in part by the greater altitude of the western hills, and
much greater diversity of surface and of strata east of the central
yalley, together with the possession of a yaried coast-line. Seventy-
five species occur in North Yorkshire which are unknown in the West
Biding, whilst this vice-county can claim only forty not indicated for
the other as well ; but a mention of these, as of certain hitherto unre-
corded species from stations outside the limits dealt with in this paper,
mast be reserved for future notes on West^Biding Botany.

SHOBT NOTES AND QUEBIES.

Floila. op Sask. — ^I send you the following additions to the list
printed in the ** Journal of Botany *' for July, 1872 : —

Eanunculus floribundus. Bah,

„ parviflorus, Z.

Fomaria muralis, 8onder.
Dianthus Armeria, X.
Stellaria graminea, X.
Alchemilla arvensis, 8e(^>
Epilobium hirsutum, Z.
Callitriche platycarpa, Kutt.
Peplis Portula, Z.
Chenopodium rubrum, Z.
Eomex nemorosus viridis, Sihth,
„ „ sanguineus, Z.

Stellaria graminea and Eumex nemoroiue sanguineui'aie added on
the auttiority of the Bev. J. J. Muir. From what I observe of the
latter plant here, it appears to pass into the form viridie in various
stages of its growth. Anthriscue vufyariSf Pers., got into my former
list by mistake. It may very probably occur in Sark ; but I have not
seen it there.— Maetin M. Bull.

Lemna minor, Z.
Arum maculatum, Z.
Scirpus palustris, Z.
Carex prsecox, Jaeq.
Foa trivialis, Z.
Lolium temulentum, Z.
Folystichum angulare, Neunn.
Lastrea Filix^mas, Preil.

„ dilatata, PreeL
Osmunda regalia, Z.
Equisetum sylvaticumy Z.

Batb of Gbowth of the AnAiraoinA nr Ikdia. — The following
are measurements of a tree in a garden at Alipore (Calcutta), Dec. 3,
1873:— Girt at base, 49 ft. 6. in. ; girt 4 ft. up. 46 ft. 6 in. ; girt
above lower branch, 38 ft. ; girt of lowest branch at base, 22 ft. ;
height above, 80 ft. Mr. Grote, in whose garden the tree grew,
measured it March 23rd, 1850. GKrt 1 ft. from the ground, 42 ft. ;
girt about 6 ft. up the stem, 38 ft. The base measurement gives an
increase of 7 ft. in the twenty-three years.

o 2

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84 OK THE WOBLD-DIfHRIBirTlON OF BRITISH PLAKTS.

€xttatt^ atib %hmMt^^

ON THE WORLD-DISTEIBUTION OF BRITISH PLANTS.
By Thomas Combeb.

{^Abstract of a Fap&r printed in the Traneaetions of the Historic Society
of Lancashire and Cheshire^ 1874.]

As regards their occurrence within Britain, Mr. "Watson has pro-
posed for British plants certain groups, which he terms types of
distribution; such as British for those plants which are met with
pretty generally all over Great Britain ; Scottish and Unglish for
those which are found only or mostly in the Northern or Southern
hsdf of the island ; German and Atlantic for those which are confined
chiefly to the South-eastern or South-western provinces. But, although
from the names of the two last it might he inferred that the range
outside of the United Kingdom is in^cated, Mr. Watson is careful to
state that his types are ** to he understood in reference only to their
distribution within Britain itself and by itself." So far as I am aware
no attempt has yet been made to arrange our plants into groups according
to the general geographical area they occupy outside of the United
Kingdom. It was at first intended to omit plants known or suspected
to be only naturalised in Britain, or whose foreign area is uncertain
owing to their being extensively naturalised in other countries ; but
as this would exclude many species whose presence with us is of great
interest, it was ultimately decided to include all aggregate species
admitted into the sixth edition of the London Catalogue, except a few
the area of which, from confused nomenclature or other causes, has
not been satisfiactorily determined.

According to latitude and elevation four zonbs may be recognised,
viz. : — I. Sachem : Comprising plants which belong chiefly to the
latitude of the Mediterranean ; and, although they extend as far as
Britain, are not found North of the parallel of 60® ; nor with us at a
higher elevation than Mr. "Watson's Agrarian region. II. Temperate :
Containing plants which, while generally extending South to the
Mediterranean, range over the whole of Europe, except frequently the
extreme North ; and also some plants of more limited range, which
extend neither far North nor far South. III. Northern : Consisting
of species of Northern and Central Europe, which, although descend-
ing with us into the Agrarian region, if they reach Southern Europe
are then found only at a considerable elevation. IV. Arctic: In-
cluding plants of the extreme North, which do not descend to the sea-
level in any part of Britain ; and also those which extend farther
south, but are there strictly Alpine plants.

Viewed as to their range from East to West, our Flora falls like-
wise into four main divisions, extending as follows: — Division I.
To Europe only : not spreading farther East than the Ural Mountains
and the Caucasus, nor extending to any part of Asia. Division II.

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0.^ THE WOKLD-DISTRIBUnOJr OF BRITISH PLAHT8. 85

To Europe and A^ia : ranging more or less into the latter continent,
and sometimes stretching quite across to its Eastern shores, l^one of
the species in these two first divisions are met with in America,
except as introduced plants or emigrants ; but some of them extend
Westwards to the islands of the Atlantic ; the Southern species to tlie
Azores, Madeira, and the Canaries ; the Northern chiefly to the Faroe
Islands and Iceland ; and they thus form an intermediate step towards
the next two divisions, the plants contained in which are found in the
New World as well. Some of these are also to a certain degree inter-
mediate, being found in America only in Greenland, whose Flora is
semi-European in type. Others seem to have spread into America
from Asia rather than from Europe, being recorded only West of the
Eocky Mountains; and a few occur only in the Aleutian Islands,
which occupy the same intermediate po:^ition on the Pacific that
Iceland and Greenland do on the Atlantic side. Diviiion III. contains
the comparatively small number of species that are confined to Europe
and America, but have not yet been found in Asia ; while Division
IV , which, for want of a better term, may be called Universal, com-
prises plants which spread into all the three CDutinents of the Northern
Hemisphere. Most of them do not extend into or across the Tropics ;
but there are a number which more properly deserve to be called
" Universal," for they are met with in the Southern Hemisphere ; and
some are true cosmopolitans, being found almost all over the globe,
and apparently equally at home eyery where.

Combining these four divisions with the four zones previously
described, we have sixteen primary groups, some of which contain only
a small, ^others a very large, number of species. These latter may
conveniently be divided into sections, according as plants composing
them occupy partially or wholly the area of the groups.

Groxtp I. Southern jE't^rop^.— This group comprises 223 species,
which mostly belong to the Mediteri'anean district, and are generally
more abundant there than with us. Many of them (87, or 39 per
cent.) are recorded from the North of Africa ; and a smaller proportion
(53, or 24 per cent.) have been found in the Azores, Madeira, or the
Canaries ; 77 (or 36 per cent.) are colunists, or otherwise naturalised.
I propose to arrange* them into four sections.

Section 1. Twenty species which are foiind in the Spanish Penin-
sula, and thence range Northwards to the British Islands.

Section 2. Eighteen species which do not extend Eastward along
the Mediterranean beyond Italy, and in crocsing Europe are not found
East of Germany proper.

Section 3. Sixty- four species which either range along the Medi-
terranean beyond Italy, or in passing North otretch into Austria, but
are not found in Eussia.

Section 4. One hundred and twenty-one species which pass the
frontiers of Kussia Eastward.

GaoTTP II. Temperate Europe. — This is smaller than the preceding
group, and contains only 73 species, of which 8 (or 11 per cent.) have
been recorded from the Southern Isles of the Atlantic ; and 15 (or
20 per cent.) from the Faroes or Iceland, termed hereafter the
Northern Isles ; 15 (or 20 per cent.) reach North Africa ; while only 7

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86 OK THB WOBLD-DISTBIBXTTIOK OF BBITISH 1PLAKTS.

r

penetrate within the Arctic Circle. Being only a small group it is not
dLyided into sections.

Gboup III. Northern Europe, — This consists of 15 species, of
which a considerable proportion belong to the genus Hieracium. Two
are recorded from the Northern Isles; 5 from within the Arctic
Circle.

GttOTTP IV. Arctic Ewrope, — Arctic plants generally range so
freely East and "West that only 5 of our British species can be recog-
nised as confined to Europe alone; and of these, 1, the Cyphel
{Cherleria sedoides), is common to our own mountains and the high
ranges of Southern Europe, but does not occur Northwards.

Returning now to the Southern Zone, we come to

Gkoup Y. Southern Europe and Asia, which, like Group I., con-
sists mostly of plants belonging to the Mediterranean district, but
differs in their extending more or less into Asia : 224 species come
into it, of which more than half (131, or 68 per cent.) have been
recorded from l^orth Africa ; and 77 (or 34 per cent.) from the
Southern Isles. In this group will b^ found a great number of our
colonists or introduced cornfield weeds. According to the range
Eastward into Asia, the group can be divided into three sections, as
follows : —

Section, 1. One hundred and forty-seven species which have been
recorded from Vestem Asia or Siberia, but which do not occur in
India, nor farther East.

Section 2. Fifty- six plants which stretch as far as India, but have
not been met with in Eastern Asia.

Section 3. Contains 21 species which extend to Eastern Asia.

Gboup VI. Temperate Europe and ^wa.— This is the largest of
our proposed groups, and contains 379 species. About a fourth of
these (101, or 27 percent.') extend Korth beyond the Arctic Circle, and
in that respect might be classed as Northern plants ; but they are also
found in Southern Europe, and many of them are recorded from Algeria.
Altogether rather more than half the group (194, or 51 per cent.)
have been met with in North Africa ; 96 or (25 per cent.) in the
Southern Isles ; and 83 (or 22 per cent.) in the ^Northern Isles. The
species are divided into three sections, on the same grounds as the last
group — that is, according to their range Eastward into Asia.

Section 1. Contains 165 species that do not range beyond West
Asia and Siberia.

Section 2. Eighty-nine species which are found in the Himalaya,
but do not reach Eastern Asia.

Section 3. One hundred and twenty-five species recorded from
Eastern Asia.

Geoup VII. Northern Europe and Asia. — This embraces only 14
species, nearly all penetrating within the Arctic Circle, and 7 of ^em
recorded from Iceland.

Gboup VIII. Arctic Europe and Asia, — Even smaller than the
last group, for only 3 species can be placed in it, of which one, the
Spring Gentian (Geniiana vema\ is an Alpine plant, ranging alto-
gether Southwards from Britain, unless a doubtful report of it from
Iceland prove correct.

With this group we end the plants that are restricted to the Old

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ON THI WOBLD-DISTBIfiUTlON OF BBITlSfl PLANTS. 87

World, and enter, in the next division, upon those that are not found
in Asia. They are very lew in number, being limited to only 42
species; but, lew as they are, they would be luither diminished if
naturalised plants were excluded. Eiglit of them are American plauts
which have escaped from cultivation, and by this means become
naturalised with, us ; 3 others are also Aiuerican plants believed to have
been mtroduced by human agency. Deiucting these 1 1 naturalised
species, there are lelt only 31 as native with ua, out of which 6 aie
European plants, found in America in Ureeuland ouiy.

Orauup UL. Southern JUarope and Anierica, — i'his contains 9
species, of which 3 have been met with in North Africa and 2 in the
buutliein Isles.

(iHoup X. Temperate Europe and America, — Twenty species, 6
of which aie found in the Arctic regions ; 4 in the Korthern Isles ; 2
m the Azores ; and 5 in Africa.

(ifioup XI. Aorthern J£urope and America^ — Of the 5 species
under this group, 3 have American stations only in Greenland.

(inoup Xli. Arctic Europe and America. — This contains 8
species, all rare with us, being mostly confined to the Scotch moun-
tains ; 6 ai-e found in Iceland ; and 2 extend on the other side of the
Atlantic to Greenland only.

Group XLIL. Southern Universal. — Contains only 23 species. A
few only are confined to North Temperate regions ; the great majority
extend into the Tropics, and some seem to grow more plentilully and
luxuriantly there ; more than half extend into the Southern Hemi-
sphere ; and several have tbere a wider range than in Northern lati-
tudes. But for its small number this group might, therefore, be
divided into sections corresponding to those proposed for the following
one.

Giioup XIV. Temperate UniversaL — Contains in all 289 species, of
which just two-thirds, 192, have been recorded from the Arctic
regions ; 97 Irom Greenland ; 156 from the Northern, and 1 02 from
tae Southern, Isles. Altogether 191 (or 66 per cent.) occur in one or
more of these intermediate stations; and 135 (or 47 per cent.) extend
to North Airica. A number of the plants are as common in America
as with us ; but generally the species of this group are more frequent
in the Old World, and a few are found only in isolated stations in
America. Some few widespread weeds are included in the group-
not in the belief that they are really native over so wide a range, but
liom the sheer impossibility of deciding, with any degree of certainty,
where they are indigenous and where not. The plants contained lu
the group vary so greatly as to their extent of distribution that it
seems necessary to divide them into 8 sections, of which the first 4,
containing 194 species, are confined to the Northern Hemisphere ; the
last 4, containing 95 species, extend more or less South of the
Equator.

Section 1. Twelve species found on the other side of the Atlantic
in Greenland only.

Section 2. Pifty-five species which occur only East of the Rocky
Mountains.

Section 3. Sixteen species which, on the other hand, are recorded
only Irom Western America.

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88

OV THE WORLD -DISTRIBUTION OF BRITISH PLANTS.

Section 4. One hundred and eleven species recorded from hoth
East and West America.

The next three sections include species which are found in only
one of the three Continents of the Southern Hemisphere.

Section 5. Sixteen species in South America only.

Section 6. Ten species in South Africa.

Section 7. Thirteen species in Australia or New Zealand.

Section 8. In this last section are enumemted 56 species which
are more widely distributed in the South Temperate regions, and
are found there in more than one Continent, some in all three. Amongst
these wide rangers, it will be found that there are are a proportionately
large number of aquatic plants and of ferns.

Group XV, Northern Universal, — ^Contains 94 species, of which 84
stretch beyond the Arctic Circle, 58 have been met with in Greenland,
and 67 in the Northern Isles. Altogether, 74 (or 79 p^r cent.) occur
in one or both of these intennediate stations.

Group XVI. Arctic Universal. — Of the 53 species which consti-
tute this group, 4 have American stations only in Greenland. Nearly
all, 45, have been reported thence, and 42 from Iceland.

This concludes the details of the proposed arrangement. Tbe fol-
lowing tables show at a glance the results arrived at. They give the
number of species included in each group, the total of each zone and
division, and its percentage of the whole number of species enume-
rated — the first table including, and the second omitting, naturalised
species.

Table I.

Europe.

Europe
and
Ada.

Europe

and
America.

Univer-
saL

Total

Per
Cent

Southern . .
Temperate . .
Northern . .
Arctic . . .

223

73

15

5

224

379

14

9

9

20

5

8

23

289

94

53

479

761

128

69

33

53

9

5

Total . .

316

620

42

459

1437

100

Per Cent. 1 22

43

3

32 1 100

Table II.

Europe.

Europe
and
Asia.

Europe

and
America.

Univer-
saL

Total.

Per
Cent.

Southern . .
Temperate . .
Northern . .
Arctic . . .

149

61

12

5

123

299

13

3

6

12

5

8

16

264

94

53

294

636

124

69

26

57

11

6

Total . .

227

438

31

427

1123

100

Per Cent.

20 1 39

3

38

100

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NOTICES OF BOOKS. 89

l^oticej^ of ^S^ooftjT*

The Desmidiecd of Norway. Bilrag till K!inael>injii om Sydligare
^N'orges Desmidi^er. [A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Des-
midieaB^of Southern Norway ] Br 0. Nobdstedt. Lunds Univer-
sitets Arsskrift, torn, ix., 1872, published September, 1873.

The present occasion is the first of late yeai-s that the DesmidietB of
Norway have been made the subject of research. In the older authors,
80 far as known to Nordstedt, not one Norwegian locality has been
recorded for any of these plants. In Rabenhorst's ** Flora EnropsDa
Alganim Aquae dulcis et submarinse " (1868) there are only three
species specially recorded as occurring in Norway, and Wittrock in
his '^ Anteckningar om Skandinaviens Desmidiacder " (1869) enume-
rates twenty -seven species from two localities in the South-east and
South-west of Norway, The researches made by Nordstedt in 1868
and 1872 were in the neighbourhood of Bergen and Kristiansand ;
as he remained but a limited time at each place, however, it is evident,
he observes, that the localities visited are far from being fully
examined. He states that the year 1868 was not favourable tor such
researches, as the summer was unusually dry. As in other places so
in Norway, Sphagnum pools are the best localities. In one place near
Kristiansand, as an example of the richness in species, he met with on
a single visit no less than ninety-four forms in one and the same
water. Even in the alpine regions a half-hundred species might be
found almost directly up to the snow and ice. He had even seen that
some could be without injury frozen up in the ice, and on its thawing,
continue to live uninjured. There are some species, indeed, which seem
mainly to occur in the neighbourhood of snow or ice ; and they are
met with above the region of trees, at an elevation of 3-5000 feet,
or lower down near the glaciers. These species are: Cosmarium
mmochondrum, n.s., C, hsxalolum, C. erenatum, C, costatum, C. cycli-
eum, C. wrctieuniy and Staurastrum aearides ; as well as the following,
which, indeed, but more rarely, are met with in other localities :
Cosmarium speoiosum, C, tetragonum (form), C. holmiensef C, anceps,
C, nasutum, C. eailatum, and Staurastrum amanum (form). All these
species, except the new ones, occur indeed either in Spitzbergen or
Greenland.

Amongst certain of the more general species which the author
did not meet with there are to be particularly remarked Staurastrum
muticumy Pleurotanium nodulomm, and Spharozosma vertehratum. The
two last of these, however, were found in Norway by Wittrock.

The species collected by the author in Norway amount to 261 ; adding
Wittrock's two the number reaches 263. This number will, of
course, be much increased by future researches, as these plants have
in general a wide distribution, and at present over 400 species are
known as European. There are 330 species known to occur in
Sweden, and wiUiout the ten new species there are only twenty- two
occurring in Norway but not recorded for Sweden. The number of
species common to Norway and Sweden thus reaches 229, and in both

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90 KOTI0S8 OF BOOKS.

coantries together there are found 362 species. — Amongst the more
noteworthy forms should be mentioned a triangular form of Coamarium
Memghiniiy var, ((7. crenulatum Dal^ot); also Byalotheca dissiltens,
p. bidenttUa, and 7. trtdentula. These two last-named, as regards the
tigure of the cjells, form a transition to the genus i>««w*V?tww, especially
the peculiar species 2>. cylind/ricumf Of most of the Ettastrum species
a scrobiculate form was encountered. In the enumeration of the
species the author follows the plan of Lundell's Work, ** De Desmi-
diaceis, qusB in Suecia inventSB sunt, observationes cnticae*' (in Nov.
Act. reg. Soc Sci. Upsal., ser. 3., vol. viii., fasc. 1, 1871). He does
not, therefore, quote synonymy largely, except where he differs from
that author. The special localities where he met with the species
are indicated.

The new forms are: — JSuastrum suhhhatum (Breb.), n. var.
erispulum [this appears indeed a distinct form] ; Cosmariu/n
quadrum, Lundell, ^. minus, n.v. [described as one-half smaller than
LundelPs form and closely resembling C, Broomei ; query, is it that
species ? It has smooth zygospores] ; Cosmarium isthmochondrum, n.s.
[a medium-sized, seemingly well-marked species, resembling at first
glance C, quina/rium^ Lundell, its chief noteworthy characteristics,
amongst others, being one or two central scrobiculi, and upon the
isthmus a couple of prominent papillae] ; Cosmarium monomazumj
Lund., fi. polt/ma&um, n.v. [distinguished from Lundell' s form by
possessing three (not one only) emarginate tubercles on each front of
each segment, and like the preceding form furnished with a couple of
papillae on the isthmus on each surface]; Cosmarium hexastichumy
Lund., /8. octastichum, n.v. [differs from Lundell's form in having
eight in place of six marginal series of emarginate verrucas] ; Cos-
marium pseudonitidulum, n.s. [medium-sized, about one-fouith loDger
than broad ; constriction deep, linear ; segments subtrapezoid, lower
angles broadly-rounded, whence the sides narrow to the broadly
rotundato-truncate upper margin ; membrane punctate ; amylaceous
granules double ; segments in end-view elliptic, in side-view ovato-
circulax. Resembles C. nitidulum, De Not., but differs in its doubk
amylaceous granules, and the linear constriction. The author points
out distinctions between this and C, tumtdum^ Lundell, C, pachy-
dermum, Lundell, C. cruoiatumy Br6b., and C. ffakritum, Nordst., all
of which seem sufficiently obvious] ; Cosmarium monochondrum, n.8.
[very minute, about as long as broad, constriction wide, subrectaa-
gular ; segments elliptico-cuneiform, angles somewhat produced and
rounded, upper margins broadly convex, with a central papilla;
membrane smooth ; in end-view narrow-rhomboiid, papillate at each
side, in side-view circular, papillate at each side] ; C, phascolus^ Breb.,
p. eUvatum, n.v. [segments here hexagono-elliptic, upper margin
truncato-convex, on centre of each front surface a prominent papilla.
This form thus differs from C, phaseolus, Br6b., by the segments not
being reniform ; their outline resembles that of C. monomazum, Lund.,
but that species possesses marginal series of granules] ; Cosmarium
paehydermumy Lundell, p, minus, n.v. [although this form differs not
inconsiderably in size and even in habit from LundelFs species, still
the author thinks it ought to be referred thereto as a variety. In
Swedish examples of the normal size he has seen some in which the

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irOTICIS OF B00I8. 91

lower angles of the segments were more rectangular (thongh still
rounded off), causing the constriction to become expanded only
towards the outer portion, and the segments were at same tiuiu
somewhat truncate, as in the n.v.] ; Cosmartum mamiUiferum^
Koidst., fi amanum, n.v. [one-third sinaller than C. mamilltferum,
without granules; notwithstanding the absence of the two papillae,
in place of which is found a slight eleration on each surface, the
author holds that he must place this as a yariety of the species
indicated. It approaches C. hiremum^ M&neghinii, eancinnum, angiA-
losum, and exiguum ; from the last-named it is distinguished by its deep
constriction and its shortness] ; Coamarium ohliquum [minute, yaiiable
in size, about one-third longer than broad, rectangular ; constriction a
shallow notch ; segments subquadrate, angles rounded, sides and
upper margins concave; membrane minutely punctate; amylaceous
granules single ; segments in end-view almost Mmieireular. Resembles
much C. laticepsy Grunow, but distinguished by the obliquity of the
latter, a speciality the author finds constant in both Norwegian and
iliwedish examples] ; Staurastrum orhictUare (Ehr.), Balfs, fi, exUmwn^
n.v. [distinguished by its length being one-third greater than its
breadth; resembles (7. coamarioides, Nordstedt, Desm. Bras.,
Yidenskabelige Meddelelser Ira den naturhist. Forening i
Kjobenhavn, (1®^^) ?• ^^^> *• ^^'9 ^' ^^]> Staurastrum ineotupi-
euumf U.S. [very minute, about as long as broad ; constriction
a broad, rounded sinus; segments quadrate, upper angles pro-
duced into a long process^ each obliquely directed upwards and
at about half its length suddenly narrowed, presenting a knobbed-like
appearance at that point, the upper portion still more obliquely directed
upwards, end truncate; upper margins truncate; end-view 4-radiate,
sides concave. A most marked little species, readily overlooked on
account of its minute size, and occurs in a few localities in South and
West of Ireland ; it is identical with the form mentioned in Quart.
Joum. Micr. Science, vol. x., n.s., p.89. One scarcely ever sees examples
showing the processes alike in size on opposite segments, and in end-
view they nearly always alternate with each other; the author
appears to have found a form with six rays in end-view] ; Staurastrum
geminatum [me<Mum-sieed, about as long as broad ; constriction deep,
rapidly expanding ; segments subelliptic, angles truncated, furnished
with a pair of divergent, slender, bluntly-pointed spines, and two
amilar pairs on the sides between the angles ; end-view triangular,
sides concave, angles rounded, showing the pairs of spines thereat, those
on the sides more or less superimposed. Eesembles S. hystrix, but the
segments are not quadratic, and the spines are thus in a double
or geminate series]; 8. montieuloaum, Br6b., fi. bifarium, n.v. [closely
approaching S, senariutn] ; S. Sebaldi^ Beinsch, fi. omatum, n.v. (a
large and very fine form, occurring in several situations, very scantily,
in Ireland, it resembles S. Sabaldi more than any other form, but still
appears quite distinct ; a series of short triparted spines bordering
the upper margins of the segments, and carried onwards a good way
along the elongate arms, seems characteristic, and, to judge from
Eeinsch's figure, to be quite distinct from the subulate scattered spines
on the upper outer surl'ace of his species] ; 8, terebrans, n.s. [a most
marked species, very rare in Ireland, occurring very scantily in Co.

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92 NOTICKS OF BOOKS.

Cork, though less scarce in Connemara, and is identical with S. eUmgatum,
Barker. See Quarterly Journal of Micr. Science, vol. ix. n.s., p. 424 J ;
S' paradoxum, p, lan^ipea, n.v. [also a form very local in Ireland,
occurring in Connemara, and is one which appears to he distinct ; it is
far more slendelr and spreading than 8, pwadoxum] ; aS. aMrcuatum, n.s.
[rather small, ahout one-thiid hroader than long ; constriction deep,
expanding; segments elliptic, divergent (obversely lunate), angles
furnished with short geminate divergent spines, on the upper surface
at each side a pair of intermediate, short, bilid spines ; surface granu-
late, granules in transverse lines ; end-view triradiate, sides concave.
The author (almost unnecessarily) contrasts this with S. pssudofurei-
gerum^ from which it seems to be quite distinct. It occurs rarely in
Ireland ; in MSS. we had given it the same name] ; Xanthidium antiUh
paum, (Br6b ), Kiitz , y. cUmazum et S. polyma%um, n. vv. ftwo interest-
ing forms, the former characterised by two tubercles on each front surface
a little above the middle, the latter by a semicircular series of about
10-12 minute papillae occupying a similar position] ; Penium minu-
tissimum, n.s. [a minute subelliptic unconstricted form, about a half
longer than broad, a smooth yeUowish-coloured membrane, a thick-
waUed subquadrate zygospore. The author had not seen living
examples] ; JBCyalotheea ddsailiem, Br^h., fi, hidmtula et y. tridentula,
n.w. [two interesting forms offering minute specialities ; the former
circular in end-view and showing a minute papilla on each side, the
latter circulari-triangular in end-view and showing three equidistant
blunt papillae. These forms seem to point, as it were, to a transition to
the genus Bidymoprium. Jud^ng, too, firom specimens in spirit, the
author not having studied them in the living state, the arrangement of
the chlorophyll-contents, as well as the twisted arrangement of the
joints, seem also to point in the direction of a union of these two genera] ;
JDesnUddwn ^Didymoprium) qiMdratum, n.s. [a very pretty, more
slender form than J), oylittdricum, Grev. (J}idymoprium GrwiUii^
Kiitz.), parked by the equal length and breadth of the joints in the
broad view, the breadth being about one-third greater than the length
in the narrow view]. The author did not study living examples, but
only such as were put up in spirit, hence he is unacquainted with the
arrangement of the chlorophyll-contents. A form coming close
hereto, but seemingly still more pronouncedly distinct from J). OreviUiiy
is found, extremely rarely, in the West of Ireland. We have, too,
been unable to obtsun quite fresh chlorophyll-containing examples. Our
form shows the lateral, tooth-like projections considerably more promi-
nent and divergent than that of Kordstedt.]

Among the more noteworthy forms not imw occurring to the
author in Norway are MicrasterioB denticutata^ Brdb., with basal and
middle lobes thrice divided ; M, Thomaaiana, Arch. ; M. con/erta, Lun-
dell [not found in Britain] ; M. mueronata^ Dixon. The large JEuaatra
were represented by examples with one or several central scrobiculi
[quere, if these are not to be found in all examples {JE.ohlonyum, erMtum^
ajfine, ampullaoeum^ and others) as characters of the species, though
we have not seen a scrobiculate JE. anaatum .^]. Coamarium margariti-
ferum [both forms referred to here, which are very distinct, are common
in Britain. '< Forma genuina" of Nordstedt might possibly be better
denominated Coamarium reniforme (Ag.) — segments reniibrm, in end-

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KOTtCES OP B001C8. 93

view equally elliptic, zygospores with long spines cleft at summit — and
Cosmarium margaritijerum (Turp.) — segments semiorbicular, upper
margins somewhat truncate, in end-riew elliptic, somewhat prominent
at the middle at each sido) the central pearly granule beiog the largest,
zygospores covered by not very numerous, rather large, and pellucid
hemispherical tubercles] ; Cosmarium quinarium, Lundell [occurs in
Ireland, very rare] ; C, quadrtfariumf Lund., C. hexMtichutny Lund,
[both occur in Lreland, very rarely] ; C. specionum^ Lund, [in Ii-eland,
extremely rare] ; C, ealca/rmm^ Wittrock [in Ireland, rare] ; C, Nyman-
niamm [in Ireland] ; C. pseudoptframuMum, C, variolatum, Lundell,
C. gotlandteumy Wittr. [all found in Ireland, but rare] ; C, Men^ghinii
[several different forms of close affinity, in Norway, as elsewhere
tooDd] ; C, paeudoeonnatum, Nordst. [rare in Ireland, seems to be rightly
referred to Lundell's subgenus Fleurot€miopsi9]; Arthrodesmua eon-
vergen$, Ehr. [a spineless form occurred, to the author, found i also
in Ireland, and is doubtless the same thing as Cosmanum de-
pressum, Nag., as the author mentions] ; Staurtutrum qv^rmm, Lun-
dell [occurs in Ireland, rarely, and appears doubtless a good species] ;
Stmra8trum O^Mearii, Arch, [the author thinks this to be a triangular
form of Arthrodesmm Incw, fi, intermediusy Wittrock. In this he has
but anticipated our own view, that Wittrock's is a compressed or
plane form of S, O^Afearii, Arch., and not seemingly a variety of
A. Incus at all. All these occur in Ireland. Several typically tri- or
multi- angular species of Staurastrum oc' different types are known to
possess their two-angled or two-rayed form] ; Staurastrum Ueve, Ralfs,
and S. lavey fi, Clevei, "Wittr. [both these pretty forms occur very rarely
Ireland ; the latter is an especially elegant form, and one extremely
hard to be believed to be but a mere varietal form of the former. Of the
latter species the author finds in Norway a form supemumeraria — ^that
is, possessing on the upper surface 1-8 short, truncate, minutely clett
processes] ; S. Meriani^ Eeinsch [a form very rarely met in Ireland] ;
S, teliferumf Ealfs [the author hnds a form which he regards as a
transition form to S. polgtrichum, Perty. "We have been inclined to
suppose S. Fringaheimiif Beinsch, as equivalent to 8. polytrichum,
Perty ; at any rate a i'orm referable to Beinsch' s occurs scantily in
Ireland, a much larger and quite distinct thing from S. teliferum,
Kalfs, the latter a quite common species] ; 5. hysl/rix^ Ralfs [very un-
common in Ireland] ; S. oligacanthum, Br^b. in litt. [a form extremely
well-marked, and not uncommon in Ireland] ; S, pseudocrenatum,
Lund, [the author is quite right in his supposition that this is perfectly
identical with 8. Maamense^ Archer, a form scantily met with in the
^outh and West of Ireland, aLk> at Ambleside, in Westmoreland, and
a very well-marked and constant species}; S.furcatum (Ehr.), Breb.

{the author met with an example one segment with the character of S.
wcatumy the other with that of S, Senarium (Ehr.). This is probably
not surprising ; those twp forms seem to bear a relation to one another
comparable to that of 8. furcigerutny Bieb., to S. paeiidofurcigerum,
Beinsch ; examples indeed occur in one and the same gathering, with
and without the accessory processes — nay, this contrast may be
sometimes seen in the opposite segments of one and the same
individual] ; 8taura8trum gractle, Balfs [the author meets with
a two-rayed form — p, hicome, Bulnheim — which occurs as yet in

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94 NOTICES or BOOKS.

Ireland only in two looalities, and that scantily — Go. Westmeath and
Co. Gal way] ; 5. tetracerum (Kiitz.) [the author meets 3-4 rayed forms
he thinks referable to this species-^doubtless correctly ; in Ireland such
occur, though more rarely than the Kiitzingian and Ralfsian form,
which is very frequent] ; 8, cerastes, Lundell [a beautiful and grace-
ful form, occurring extrepaely rarely in Ireland, and the same as that
mentioned in Quart. Joum. of Micr. Science, vol. zii. n.s., p. 202] ;
S. OphiurUj Lundell [a very handsome form, met with at Ambleside,
Westmoreland, but not as yet occurring in Ireland ; it is not, as l^ord-
stedt suggests, the same as 8, v&rtmllatum^ Arch.] ; S- aretiseon (Ehr.),
Lundell, and S, sexangulare (Bulnheim), Lundell [both extremely
rare in Ireland, and very fine forms] ; S, hngispinum (Bailey) fa very
rare form in Ireland. ITordstedt says the Norwegian form agrees
with the Swedish 8 hidmtatum, Wittrock. If this be so that author
shows the chlorophyll-contents radiate from the centre — ^that is, fall-
ing under the subgenus Staurattrum^ Lundell, whereas the Irish
form, which has also considerably longer spines, has the chlorophyll
arranged in l)road parallel bands, and certainly appertains to the
subgenus Pkurenterium, Lundell; it is a very large and beau-
tiful form]; Xanihidium wrfMxtwn, Br^. [the author alludes to
Lundell's record of the zygospores of this species, and their scrobi-
culate outer membrane, nothing doubting, he observes, that it is so,
though he had not taken the zygospores. See on the structure of these
Quart. Joum. Micr. Science, vol. xii. n.s., p. 310] ; TetvMmorw Bre-
hmonii (Menegh.), Balfs [the author believes the thick-walled mem-
brane of the zygospore to be minutely scrobiculate, but the examples
he met with were not mature^ ; T, lavia (Kiitz.), Ealfs., and T, minu-
tm, De Bary [the author is inclined to regard the latter as a minute
form of the former, itself a minute species, and variable in size] ;
Closterium Archerianum, Cleve [rare in Ireland] ; C. Cynthia^ De
Notaris [also rare in Ireland] ; C. gractUy BrA. [the author very justly
remarks that the form referred hereto by Lundell under this name with
quadrangular spores, tapering cell, and a long spine at each angle can-
not be the same thing as De Br^isson's linear form with round spores
without spines ; the Sitter is that occurring to the author in Norway]*;
C. directum^ Arch., and (7. Fritchardtanumf Arch, [the former scanty,
the latter frequent in Ireland] ; CylindroeyHi$ diplosparay Lunddl
[as the authof did not meet conjugated examples in Norway he is un*
certain as to the identity in this case; it is a species seemingly
very rare ii^ Ireland] ; Penium marga/ritaeeum (Ehr.), BrA., *^ forma
spiralis*^ [the author finds in Norway a form having ^'the dot-like
granules arranged in spiral rows," which he supposes to be a con-
necting link between the ordinary P. margaritaeeum and P. spirostrio^
latum, Barker (Quart. Joum. Micr. Sci., vol. ix. n.s., p. 124), a form
occurring in several places in South and Middle of Ireland, but scantily ;
the spiral striae on the latter are not dotted, but form liiickened.iibs,
coarser, rougher, and more irregular and interrupted than 4n any
Closterium, and the form appears to be wholly distinct from P. mar-
garitaeeum, though under a low power readily enough overlooked for
that species] ; Penium eylindrus, Brdb. [the author justly remarks
the dots are scattered] ; Penium polymorphum, Lundell [we should
be inclined to coincide with the author's view that, when highly

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BOTAKICAL NBW8. 95

magnified, the striae here appear to be composed of poncta very closely
arranged in line ; the fonn is seemingly very rare in Ireland] ; Span-
dyhiium pulchellum^ Arch, [we can hardly doubt but the author is
right in regarding 8, hamhustnoidM^ Wittr., as the same species ; indeed
there appears littie to distinguish the latter even as a variety] ; Hyalo'
theea mucosa (J^\i\w,\'E\ix, [the author states that the t^o minute
projections at the margins on each alternate end of the joint are not
produced by two annular entire projections, but by minute annularly
arranged dot-like projections. This seems anew point. The species
is everywhere very common].

The foregoing is but a hurried resume of some of the more
salient of the interesting points connected with the Korway Desmidiea
to be found in turning over one of the several valuable contribu-
tions to this department of algology, the result of the labours of
the Scandinavian observers, each of which would indeed equally claim
notice, and which resume has been undertaken at the Editor's request ;
hat at the same time full justice can scarcely be done to such without
the detailed descriptions and the requisite illustrations. W. Abohsb.

S^otamcal MW*

Articles in JoimirALs. — January.

GreviUea, — ^M. J. Berkeley, " Notices of North American Fungi **
(contd.). — J. Stirton, " On Sohrina bispora'* {Lecidea epiphorbia, n.s.
described).— M. C. Cooke, " British Fungi" (contd.).

Scottish Natwralist, — J. Keith, ** List of Fungi found in Province of
Moray, chiefly in vicinity of Forres." — ^F. Buchanan White, ** Descrip-
tion of a Scottish Fungus new to Science " ( Vihrissea Margarita, n.s.).

Quart Joum. Mierosc. Science, — P. M. Duncan, " On the Motion
accompanying Assimilation and Growth in the Fucaceee " — Abstract
of P van. Tie«?hem and G. Le Mourner's memoir *^ Researches on
the MucorineaJ*^

Joum Roy, SbrticuU, Soc. (N.S., vol. iv., pt. 14, Jan, 19th). —
J. 6. Baker, ** A Classified List of all Known Crocuses."

American Naturalist, — ^W. G. Farlow, " Notes of a Botanist in
Europe — Sweden." — C. C Parry, ** Botanical Observations in W.
Wyoming." — J. Stockton-Hough, ** On the Relationship between
Development and the Sexual Condition in Plants." — E. L. Greene,
" Kambles of a Botanist in Wyoming Territory."

Bull. Soc, Bot, Roy, de Belgiqueit, xii., n. 2, Jan. 13th). — Germain
de St. Pierre, ** On the Utility of Teratological Studies for the Solu-
tion of Problems of Vegetable Life." — A. Cogniaux, ** Bibliographi-
cal Material for Botanists in Belgium." — C. Baguet, '* Note on Sedum
ruhens,^' — C. H Delogne, **Contrib. to the Cryptogamic Flora of Bel-
gium." — A. Thielens, ** Additions to the Belgian Flora, 1869-1872."

Flora,— W, Pfeffer, " The Oil-Corpuscles in Livermosses " (tab. 1).
— ^W.Nylander, "Addenda nova ad LichenographiamEuropaeam, xvii."
(34 new species, 5 British). — Dr. Miiller, " A Word on the Gonidia
Question." — H. de Vries, ** Review of Botanical Literature in Holland
in 1873."

Bot, Zeituny,^Ot, Winter, ** Heliotropism in Peziza Fuckeliana,^^ —

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96 BOTANICAL NKW8.

E. Borscow, ** Contributions to the Histo-Cbemistry of Plants." — ^P.
Ascherson, ** Account of Excursion in Africa" (Egypt). — Solms
Laubach, " On the Thallus of PiloityUs HamsknechtiiV

. Oesterr. BoL Zeitschr. — Biography with portrait of A. Kanitz. —
J. Freyn and V. de Janka, ** Micro7neria{8atureta) Rodriguezii,^^ n.s. —
A. Kemer, "Distribution of Hungarian Plants" (contd.). — J.
Pantocsek, "On Species of Scleranthua" (includes eight new segre-
gate species). — G. Strobl, "Notes of a Journey in Sicily." — ^H. Kemp,
" Supplement to Flora of Neighbourhood of Vorarlberg."

The Linnean Society is passing through a very serious crisis^ After

the meetiug of January 15th (see p. 63) some Fellows of the Society

sent in to the Council a written protest against the alterations then

made in the bye-laws and requiring their withdrawal as at variance

with the charter and illegal. This, of course, the Council refused to

accede to, but oflfered instead to convene a special general meeting if

requested to do so by ten Fellows. At the next meeting, February 5th,

after the reading of the minutes, a Fellow of the Society rose to propose

a motion, but was called to order by the President, Mr. Bentham, who

stated that the meeting was for scientific business only. Mr. Carmthers

appealed to the bye-laws in support of his right to propose a motion, and

in the midst of great confusion succeeded in stating it. It was seconded,

but the President still held it to be out of order, and appealed to the

meeting as to whether any. discussion should be permitted. On a

show of hands being taken there appeared a majority in favour of

discussion, upon which the President vacated the chair and left the

room. He was followed by the Secretary and the other Members of

Council, as well as^ many of the Fellows present, whilst those

who remained in the meeting room signed a requisition for a

special general meeting to consider the alterations in the bye-laws

and the protest against them. This the Council has agreed to, and .

the meetmg is summoned for March 5th. Such is the history of this

unfortunate disagreement, which greater forbearance on either side

might have conducted to a more peaceful issue. Great sympathy has

been shown for the President, whose long and eminent services to the

Society are universally acknowledged and appreciated; at the same

time it is felt that his want of conciliation in the chair at both meetings

largely contributed to the adverse vote at the latter. It is understood

that Mr. Bentham, who had signified to his friends that he

would not seek re-election at the next annual meeting, will not take

any active part in the meetings daring the remainder of the sesaion.

The object all now have in view is to bring about reconciliation and

harmonious action between the parties in the Society. Much

rests with the Council, which will no doubt anxiously consider

how this may be best affected. It was stated from the chair at the

last ordinary meeting that the whole of the bye-laws needed

a careful revision ; perhaps the course that would meet with most

general acceptance throughout the Society w:ould be the appointment

of a competent committee to examine the bye-laws with the object of

rendering them consistent with the charter and with one another.

Whatever is done, it is earnestly to be hoped that the action taken at

the meeting on March 5th will bring to a satisfactory conclusion a state

of things most prejudicial to the Society.

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97

<Drt0ttiaI SHrttdeisr.

A EEVISION OF THE GEinSRA BRYOBALANOPS AMD
LIPTERO CARPUS.

By W. T. Thisbitow Dteb, M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S.

(Plates 142-145.)

Hatino undertaken the Lipterociurpea for the " Flora of British
India," I was naturally led to examine the species which have been
described from the Malayan Archipelago. After I had finished the
reTision of the Indian species a set of Beccari's Bomean collections
arrived at Kew. These proved to be extremely rich in new species ;
and as M. De Gandolle was kind enough to forego his intention of
describing these in my favour, I determined to prepare a monograph
of the whole Order. I was unable to make as much progress with
this undertaking c^ I could have wished, owing to tiie large
number of indeterminable species of BtpUroearpea which has been
published, especially by Miquel and De Yriese. Prof. Suringar,
the courteous curator of the Leyden Herbarium, did not feel himself
justified in transmitting to Xew the often unique specimens upon
which these dubious species were founded, and it seemed therefore
unavoidable to leave them still uncorrelated with the more complete
materials collected by Beccari, with some of whose plants they must
almost certainly be identical.

This being the state of the case, I heard a short time ago from
Prof. Decaisne that M. Yesque, one of his pupils, was also preparing a
monograph of the Order, to appear in the " Ann. des 8c. Naturelles,*'
and I have therefore determined merely to take this opportunity of
publishing what I had already prepared for the press, and to await
the appearance of M. Yesque's revision of the remaining genera.

The family of the Dipterocarpeay established by Blume in 1825,
has sprung, so to say, into scientific existence since tiie commencement
of the *' Prodromus." In the first volume (p. 517) a single species,
Vatica chinmsis^ Linn. (= Vatica Roxbmghiana^ Bl.) is enupaerated
amongst the TiliaceiB. In the sixteenth volume the monograph of the
family as limited by Bentham and Hooker, extends over nearly forty ,
pages. It probably now contains at least 200 species.

In the following enumeration I have contented myself with merely
citing authorities in the case of species which have been elsewhere
adequately described. I have given full descriptions of new species,
and also of those already published, when I have been able to add to
or correct what has been already stated about them.

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98 betisiok of dbyobalilnoie and diptebocabfus.

Dbyobalakopb.
(Pl. 142.)

The Kterature of this genus is rather extensive, especially when
it is considered that up to the present, time it has heen regarded a»
monotypic. I should be very unwilling to- add to the list were it not
that all the most recent descriptions, including those of Bentham and
Hooker, A. De Candolle and Bailhm^ appear to me to be in yarious
particulars open to emendation.

The genus was founded by C. F. Gaertner on a plant in the Bank-
siaa collection, of which Ceylon was supposed to be the native
country. Apparently from the belief that the bark yielded Cinnamon
he gave it the specific name of aromatica. As there can be no doabt
that it is idemtical with the plant subsequently pubHi^e^ by Cole-
. brooke under the name of D. Camphoraj it appears to me tl^at there
is no choice but to agree with, Baillon in adopting GsBrtner's name in
preference to Colebrooke's, although the latter has hitherto been
universally adopted.

Gesrtner seems only to have seen fruits. The first description of
the fiower was giv«i by Be Vriese in 1851, and appears to have been
made from a single flower communicated to Be Yriese fkom the
British Moseum Herbarium by Robert Brown,* and collected by Mr.
Chas. Miller. Subsequently he obtained, with other materials^
unexpanded flowers preserved in spirit, and he based upon these aa
elaborate paper which appeared in 1857, with the title, *• Memoire
sur le Camphrier de Sumatra et de Borneo." As regards the struc-
ture of the androeeium the later description appears to nxe by no
means an improvement upon the earlier one. T^Jiese two papers con-
tain such ample citations of the earlier authorities that it is quite un-
necessary to collect them together here. 1 may merely mention that
Be Yriese was unable from Miller's specimen to determine the struc-
ture of the ovary, and this was afberwards made out by Mr. Bentham
from the examination of immature fruits collected by Motley. The
ovary is 3-celled, each cell containing two pendulous collateral ovules;
One alone of the six enlarges, but, as I have myself verified, it is
possible by ecffefnl dissection to detect near the apex of the immature
seed the abortive remains of the five other ovules, and of the tiiree
dissepiments.

The Kew Herbarium eontaina a sufficient series of speeimens of
D* aromatufa, collected by Motley. The piecemeal fashicm in which
the structure of the genus has graduaUy been arrived at is charac-
teristic of the diffleiQties which present themselves in studying the
JHpierocarpea, There is, however, with existing materials no
longer any room iw doubt, and I have no hesitation in referring to
the genus two undesoribed species which are contained in Beceari's
collections.

BBTQBAi.Ai!rops, Oc&rtfk, fil.y Pruct., iii., 49, t. 186, char,
emend. Calycis fioridi tubus brevissimus, laciniae

* An Englifih translation of this papor by the author's daughter ia contained
in Hook. Joum., 1852, pp. 33 and 6b.

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ItSTlSIOir OF BRTOBALANOPS AKD JfUTKBOCAM^m. 99

oblongse, sabsaqnalefl, imbricatae ; fraUiferi tabxu auotus,
fractds basim oingens, lacinise subaequaliter auctaB obverae
oblongo-onneatae. Petala bad paullalam eohaerentia.
Btamrna oo , interdum ad 30, triaeriales ; filamentis latis,
orassis, in tubnm bad petalis adbsBrentem connatiay Tersus
apices angnstatis; antberis linearibns, basi emai^Datisi
apice bifida, valvis supra inaeqnalibus, connectivo ultra
loculos in apiculnm breve producto* Ovarium liberuniy
d4ocuIare ; stylus filiformis, sub-capitatus. Gapsula snb-
lignosa, toro ins^ta, oblongo*conica, acuta, valvis tribus
parte soperiore adprimum dehisoens. Seminis fore \uiici
cotyledicmes eamosae, valde inaequales, involuta^ et ovarii
panetum reliquiis tanquam oolumelbe e tori fundo ortoB
circnmdatsD.

De Yriese in his analysis of a flower from Miller*8 specimen de*
flcribed the arrangement oi the stamens in D, aromatioa with sufficient
accuracy as '' in fundo corollae annulo proprio dentibus tri-angularibus
acutis erectis instructo insidentia."* Li point of fact the androecium of
DryobalanopB has the pluriseriate stamens with filaments dilated at
the base which are characteristic of the order. In Hopea^ where they
are comparatively few' in number, there is a tendency towards their
becoming connate, and in Dryobalanops this is carried so fiir that they
form a tube nearly equalling, the ovary in height, and completely in-
dosing it (see figs. 6, 8, 9). To the base of this tube the petals are
sli^^tly adnate.

Out of this really very simple structure De Vriese makes, in his
"M^oire," an elaborate arrangement, according to which the
stamens with veiy short filaments are borne on ** processus staminiferi

, . . .e flons fundo orti et propriae formae et structurae." Be
Candolle has adopted this curious view, although he inserts paren-
thetically the obvious explanation with a note of interrogation.!
Biullon has probably also been led by De Yriese to state that '' les
diamines • . . sent libres,"} I can, however, see no reason why
he should describe them (p. 213) as '' oo -seriata.'* Bentham and Hooker
are silent upon these points.

De Vriese also figures the anthers with the valves equal. As in
some other Dipterocarpous genera, such ' as Shorea and Vattea, the
inner valves are really considerably shorter than the outer. This is
clearly shown in Baillon's figure (I.e., p. 203) ; but he, in common with
all the other authorities, makes the valves equal in his description of
the genus.

The mature fruit has been made the subject o£ a rather elaborate
paper by Oudeman8.§ He exposes the error of De Vriese in attribu-
ting to Dryohalanops a perisperm, and accepts, tbe obvious explanation
of Eorthals that the so-called '' columella " is the residue of the axis
of the fruit (see fig. 4). A similar structure may be found in Draxinu9
and in the immature fhiit of FagvA, The pecidiarity here is that the

• Hook. Joum., 1.0. , p. SfiC f Pirodr., xvi^ pt. 2, 606.
X Hist, dea Plantes, iv., 203, { Ann. des So. Kat., 4*, s^r. v., 1856.

n 2

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100 BBYISIOK OF PBYOBALAKOFS AKD DIPTEBOCABPUS.

peed as it were wraps round the axis owing to the extraordinary
deyelopment of the cotyledons. Prolongations of the testa accompany
the convolutions of the embryo and blend with the columella. The
cotyledons are exceedingly unequal, and when, ftilly spread out the
largest is about two inches broad and one inch in length, while the
smaller is nearly orbicular and about half an inch in diameter. Both
a re cordate at the base, and it is therefore possible to make a section (such
a8 is drawn in fig. 5) passing through the bases of both cotyledons
and also the superior radicle. K a section is made rather low down
it only shows one cotyledon, as in Gtertner, t 186, fig. c.^ and De
Yriese, Mem. , fig. 5 1 . Oudemans has rather insisted upon the constant
existence of a well-marked furrow between the tube and segments of
the fruiting calyx. I have selected the fruits figured in the accom-
panying plate (figs. 1, 2, 3) from a large number in the Kew Museum.
Each represents a type, and the existence of a deep furrow below the
segments is hardly more characteristic of the fruits generally than is
its absence.

1. D, AnoMATiCA, Gtertn, /., l,c. ; Baillon, Hist, des PL, iv.,

202. £>. Camphora^ Colebr., Asiat. Ees., xii., 535, cum ic. ;

Hook., Joum. Bot , 1852, 200, t. 7, 8. A.DC. in DC.

Prodr., xvi., 2, 606.
Borneo, Labuan, Motley^ 85.
[Figs. 1-3, fruits ; Sig. 4, vertical section through torus and

calyx-tube ; fig. 5, transverse section through embryo.

(A 11 natural size.)]

2. D. BECCAHn, ByeTy sp. nov. Arbor; glaberrima; foliis

oblongo-ellipticis, abrupte acuminatis^ basi acutis, costa
valida supra canaliculata, modice undulatis ; paniculis ter-
ra inalibus, laxiusculis; calycis floriferi laciniis lineari-
oblongis, acutis, cereis; petalis lineari-ellipticisy acutis;
calycis fructiferi tube brevi, pauUum incrassato, striate
capsular quadranti aequante et basim ejus infimam tantum
cingente, laciniis auctis lineari-spathulatiis obtusis.

Folia 3-3^ poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata, nervis lateralibas
utrinsecus crebris ; petiole semipollicarL Paniculae ad 6
poll, longse, cymosae ; pedicelH adK poll, longi. Calycis fioriferi
lacinise ^ poll, longae, ^ poll, latse. Petala ^ poll, longa,
^ poll. lata. Calycis fructiferi lacinise 2 poll, longse, | poll,
latae. Capsula pollicaris

Borneo, Sarawak, Beccariy 2553, 2944.

[Fig. 6, vertical section through the flower (x 4) —the stamens
and staininal tube are shown diagrammatically in section.
Fig. 7, fruit (nat. size).]

3. D. oBLONGiFOLiA, DyeVy sp. nov. Arbor ; paniculis solum

pulvereo-puberulis, novellis glaberrimis; foliis oblongis,
brevissime acuminatis, basi rotundatis, modice undula-
tis, costa admodum vsdida supra canaliculata ; paniculta
terminalibus laxis, floribus sparsis instructis; calycis
fioriferi laciniis oblongis, obtusis, demum glabratis, mar-
ginibus ciliatis ; calycis fructiferi . . . .

Folia 4-5 poll, longa, 1^-1 J poll, lata, nervis lateralibas

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RETTSIOW OP DBT0BALAN0P8 AND DIPTBE0CARPU9. 101

utrinsecus crebris ; petiolo semipoUicarL Panioula ad 8 polL
longa ; pedicelH ad i polL longi.
Bonieo, Sarawak, Beccari^ 2533, 3734.

[Fig. 8, vertical section as in fig. 6 (x4); fig. 9, portion of
staminal tnl)e seen from within ( x 12) ; fig. 10, horizontal
section through base of fiower showing 8-celled ovary and
resin-cavities ( x 8) ; ^g. 11, horozontal section through
ovary, and fig. 12, — through calyx lobe (both x 1$).]

DlPTEROCABPUS.

(Pl. 143-145.)

The discovery of this remarkable genus is due to Dr. Buchanan
Himilton. In the memoirs of the Wemerian Society he remarks
(ToL vi., p. 298), " In 1798, I sent to Sir Joseph Banks four species
of this genus which I then called Hopea; and it was from two of
these probably, that Gaertner took his figures and descriptions of the
DipUrocarpus eostatua and D. turhinatus,** Hamilton, therefore, had
no choice but to adopt (1825) what he considered without any very
apparent reason to be " the barbarous generic name given by Gaertner "
in 1805. Meanwhile Eoxburgh had published (1814) the names of
two additional species in the ** Hortus Bengalensis " (p. 42), and in
1823 Blume had described two of the species peculiar to the Malayan
-irchipelago in the <* Cat. Hort. Buit." and two others (in 1825) in
his "Bijdragen." Since then new species have been continually
added to the genus, and though there are probably fewer new ones to
be expected, since Beccari has ascertained the small extent to which
the whole fSamily is represented in New Guinea, no doubt many still
remain to be described.

Herbarium .specimens of species of DipterocarptM are rarely
complete. Generally they consist of examples of the foliage
and detached fruits picked up from the ground beneath the very
lofty trees. In the absence of satisfactory materials in the majority
of cases for describing the infiorescence, I have been obliged to
follow the method of Alphonse De OandoUe, and classify the species
according to the form of the fruit, though I am not wholly satisfied
that this a£fbrds a perfectly natural arrangement. I have been led in
the following enumeration to considerably reduce the number of
described species. I have perhaps done this in some instances rather
tentatively, but I am convinced that the examination of more complete
inaterial will show that the species of this genus are by no means easy
in all cases to limit ; but that on the contrary, especially as regards
vestiture, they are rather variable.

The geographical distribution of the genus is entirely confined to
Tropical Eastern Asia. The species range on the West from Assam
through Eastern Bengal to Ceylon. Eastward they extend through
' Burma, Siam to Cambodia and the Philippines. Southward they are
' found in the Andaman Islands, the Malayan Peninsula, and Borneo,
Sumatra, and Banca ; but not at present known east of Wallace's line
through the Straits of Macassar.

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«

102 BEYISION OF DBTOBALAKOPS AK5 DIPTEBOCARPDS.

Section 1.— SPHLSIRALES. Tube of fruiting calyx oblately or
prolately spheroidal without angles.
Toung branches gldbrom orpuhescmi*

L D. TEriTEKvis, Bly Cat. Hort. Buit, 78) cum tab,; Bijd.,
228 ; Fl. Jav., 11, t. i. ; Korth. TeA. Nat Gesch. Bat.,
61 ; A.DO. in DC. Prodr., xvi., pt. 2, eOS.-^D.Hasseltii,
Bl. M. Jav.y 22, t. 6, doee not ^pear to me to differ
materially.
Var. l.—elegam, Bl. Fl. Jav., 13 ; Hassk. PL Jav. Bar.,

270.
Far. 2. — oanescmsy Bl. l.o*
Java, Spanoghe, Horafieldy Millett, Philippines, Cuming ^
881.

2. D. TxnaBiiTATUs, Oartn. /., Fruct. iii.> 51, t 188 ; Boxb.
Hort Beng., 42 ; Fl. Ind., iL, 612 ; Corom. PI. iii., 10,
t. 213 ; Ham. in. Mem. Wem. Soc. vi., 300 ; Wall. Cat,
952 ; A.DC. in BC. Prodr., xvi.^ pt 2, 607 ; Dyer in
Fl. Brit Ind., i., 295. D, lavisy Ham., Lc, 299 ; A.DC.,
l.c. D. indicuSf Bedd. For. Rep. 1864-5, 17, cum tab.

Eastern Bengal and Malayan Peninsula from Chittagong and
Pegu to Singapore (cult, in Concan and Ceylon). Walker^
295; Maingay, 199; Griffith {Kew Distrtb. 727);
Thwaites, 2398.

[Fig. 13, fruit.]

3. D. LmoBiuas JB/., Bijd., 224; Fl. Jav., l7, t 4; AJDC. in
DC. Prodr., Lc, 609.

Differs from D. returns^ BL, in the subcordate base of the

Java.

4. D. EETUSU8, Bh, Cat Hort. Buit, 77; Bijd., 223; M. Jav.,

14, t 2 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr., Lc, 609.
D. Spanogheif BL FL Jav., 16, t 3 ; A.DC, Lc, 609, only

differs in having the enlarged fruit wings not rounded or

retuse at the apex.
Java*

5. D. GBAcms, Bl, Bijd., 224; FL Jav. 20, t. 5; A.DC. in

DC. Prodr. I.e., 609.
Java.

6. D. LAMPONGFs, Schcffi, Obs. Phyt., ii., 34.

7. D. VESTITUS, Wall, Cat., 954 ; Dyer in Fl. Brit Ind., i.,

295; A.DC. in DC. Prodr., Lc, 614.
Malayan Peninsula, Tavoy, Gomez,
* * Young branches more or less hairy.

8. D. oBTusrEOLiTTs, Tcysm.y in Miq. Ann. Mns. Lugd. Bat, i.,

214 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr., Lc. 608 ; Dyer, Flor. Brit
Ind., i., 295,
Moulmein and Eangoon, Griffith {Kew Distrtb., 728). Sianu

9. D. HispiDXTs, Thw., Ennm., 38 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. Lc,

608; Dyer, Flor. Brit. Ind., i., 296. 2). obhngifolius,
Thw., Enum., 33 (not of Blume). D. eNongus, A.DC.
in DC. Prodr., l.c, 608.
Ceylon, Thwaites 2903 and 3405.

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BCTKIOH OF DSYOBALAKOP8 JkMD DIPTKBOOABIPUS. 19S

{[Fig. 14, friMt VfUti one of the smaller caljx^lobee abnDnnally

enlAtgedJ
10. D. PiLOSus, JRoxh,^ Hort Beng., 98 ; Fl. Ind., ii., 615 ;

A.DC. in DC. Prodr., I.e., 614; WalL Cat., 956?; Dyer

in Mor. Brik Ind, i., 296. J). Btmdii. Kortli., l.c., 59*

t. 5 ; EniB in Joum. As. Sot. iBfeng. IJ^O^ pt. 2» 65 ; A.DC.

in DC. Prodr^ Lo., 609.
Assun, Griffilh {Kew DisMh y 7^3). Pe^ «nd Chittagong,

Bmc^ Andaman Id^ Kw^ mmatra.
Ih D. TAXFumiLU, K9rih., Lc, 68; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat., i.,

pi. 2, 498.
Bomeoi.

12. D. CBixirus, i;)9r«r, PL Bi^ Ind., i., 296.

Malaoea, Jiamgay {Km Ihsink^ 196). BemeOi Beoeari^ 779,
1883
Section 2.— TTJBERCULATI. (Tnbe <if fiuiting ealyx with 5
iangnlar tofoerosities at its npper poidon.

13. D. oosvumi, Df&r^ FL Brit. Ind., L, 296.
MalaeoA, Maiimnf {Kew I>tstrdk^ 197).
[Fig..l5,fnutJ

14. D. TUBBBCULATUS, .Roxb.^ FL Inl, ii.| 614 ; ▲.DO. in DC.
Prodr., Lc., 614 ; Dyer inFlor. Brit. Ind-, i> 297. D. ear-
datut, WmlL Cat., 956; A.DCI. in DC. Prodr., Lc., 612.
J> graniifoUm^ Ttysm. in Miq. Ann. M«a» Logd. Bat., i.,
214.

Var. pwOiJkrw, Wall. Cat. 957 (sp.)

Cliittagong,j6tt8^^. Bangoon^ McOhUund* Binna, WdUeh,
Siam.
tolion 8. — ^AliTGULATL Tube of fruiting calyx pentangular.

1 ju D. BiocAsn, Dyety sp* noT. Arbor ; novellis gemmisque
conicis dense, j)etioli8 nervisque primariis parce pube
«tellata fulva obdaotis; Miis ovatis, aeutis, basi acutis vol
xotondatis, trenate-i^pandis, glabris, ad nervos laterales
eupra canaliculatis; calyeis fruotiferi tube obtuse penta-
gono et subconico vel subsphaerico, superne vei^us lixnbum
valde coarctato, leyissitno, lobis majeribEs oblanceolatis
obtusis tranerviiB, minoribus oblongis; oapsula ovata,
tomento echraceo-serMeo vestita.

Folia ^r^\ P^^' ^^^'^^y ^"^ P^^ ^^ nerrislateraHbus
ittiiinftectts 12 ; petiolo -l^lf poU. longo* Calyeis fruotiferi
lobi unnoree 5-7 poll. lougi« 1^-2 polL lati ; minores
semipollicares.

Borneo, Sarawak, Beceari^ 2914.

Differs fr«ni D. p^mtagonw^ I^Q.^ by Ihe pabesoent conical
not cylindrical buds.
For. gia^utSi novellis petioUs nervisque primariis omnino
^ibns oalyois frnotifeii tubo o'btuse pentagons

Borneo, Sarawak, Beeemri^ 2915.

[f%. I6,fr«it.]

16. D. OTTLAiricus, I%M^, Ennm. 38 ; AJ>C. in DC. Prodr.,
Lc, 610 ; Dyer in Fl. Brit. Ind,^ i., 297.

Ceylon, ThwaiUiy 1921.

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104 BEVmOH OF DBT<»ALAW0P8 AHD DIPTBBOCASPU8.

17. B. FBirTAeovui) A.DC, in DC. Prodr., Lc, 610. D. Hoi^
•tUii^ Koith, Lc.y 65 (not of Blame). D, quinqueg<mu9j
BL Mns. Lugd. Bat, ii., 36.

Borneo.

18. D. FsiBMAxicnSy DyeTy 8p.noT. Arbor ; ranralis gradlibos,
ad angolnm 45^ diTergentibas, piimum griseis demnm
glabratis ; noveUis gemmisque subcylindricis pube folvida
obtectis; foliia papyraoei8,elliptico-lanceolata8y gradatiin
acnminatiB, bad acutis, obscnie repando-crenatisy utrmque
glabiis et nervis siccitate prominentibns ; petiole gracili
glabro; odycis fractiferi tubo oblongo, pentagono, bad
obverse conico, saperne ad limbnm band coarctato, levis-
simoi lobis majoiibns oblongD-linearibnB apice lotondatis
basi panllo angastatis ad medium tiineryiis, minoribus
TotondatiB. D^terocarpua, sp.. Hook. fil. in Trans. Soc.
Linn., xziii., 16 U

lignum durum, ponderosum, oleiferum. Folia 8 poll,
longa, 1| poll, lata, nervis lateialibns utrinsecus circiter 8 ;
petiole poUicem longo. Calycis frnctiferi tubus polHcem
longus ; lobi majores 3 poll, longi, i poll. lati.

Labuan, MotUy^ 143. Borneo, Sarawak, Beceari^ 3008.

Fig. 17, fruit.

19. D. ureuiATUs, Dyer^ 8p.noT. Arbor ; novellis, racemis
gemmisque conicis dense tomentosis ; foliis ovatis, obtusis,
basi acutis vel rotundatis, minime crenato - repandis,
adultis ntrinque glabris nervis subtus exceptis; calycis
fructiferi tubo obconico, acute pentagono, supeme ad Hm-
bum parce coarctato, tomento Mvo verrucnUs ru&s inter-
mixto obducto, lobia majoribus lineari-oblongis, obtusis
pube stellata sparsim vestitis subtrinerviis, minoribus
ovatis.

Folia 4-5 poll, longa, 2-3 polL lata, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 10; petiole sesquipoUicari. Calycis fructiferi
lobi majores 3 poll, longi, poUicem lati, minores i polL

Borneo, Sarawak, Beeecari^ 3034.

From the description Ibis must be allied to 27. vemieifluw,

Blanco, wbich appears to differ in tbe broadly lanceolate

leaves pubescent beneath.

20. D. VEHNicnLTTUs, BlancOf Fl. Filipp., ed. 2, 814 ; A.DC. in
DC. Prodr., Lc, 610. Moean&ra vemtcijlua, Blanco, Fl.
Filipp., ed. 1., 450.

21. D, APPENDicuLATus, Schsff., Obs. Pbyt., ii., 35. Arbor;
novellis glabris; gemmis conicis sericeo-pilosis ; foliis
ovatis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis vel obtusis, crenato-
repandis, utrinque glabris, ad nervos laterales supra
canaliculatis ; calycis fructiferi tubo sphasrico-pentagono,
angnlis valide acutis, supeme versus Umbum coarctato,
levissimo, lobis majoribus obverse spathulato-linearibus
obtusis tn-nerviis glabris, minoribus orbicularibus.

Folia 3-4 polL longa, 1^2 poll, lata, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 12 ; petiole pollicem longo. Calycis fractiferi

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^VISION OF IKRYOBALAKOPS AKD D1PTBR0CABPU8. 105

lobi majores 5 poll, longi, poUicem lati ; minores } poll,
longi.
Banco, Tet/sman; Borneo, Sarawak, Beeeari^ 2913.
Section 4. — ALA.TI. Tube of fruiting calyx with angles more or
less produced into wings.

22. D. soABBB, Ham. in Mem. Wem. Soc., vi., 300 ; Dyer in
Plor. Brit Ind., i., 297. L. alatus, A.DC. in DC,
Prodr., Lc, 611, in part not of Boxb.

Eastern Bengal, Hamilton,

23. D. oBLoiroiFOLnTS, Bl.y Mus. Lngd. Bat., ii., 36. Arbor :
novellis, gemmis cylindricis, petiolis, nervisque primariis
fusco-tomentosid an omnino glabratis ; foliis oblongis Tel
elliptico-oblongis, breviter acumiuatis, basi acutis, minime
repando-crenatis, utrinque glabris ; floribus in racemes 2-
dichotomos sericeo-tomentosos dispositis; calycis firucti-
feri immaturi tube obfusiformi, anguste alato-costato,
Bupeme versus limbum parce ooarctato, lobis majoribus
obverse spathulato-linearibus obtusis sparsim pilosiusculis
nervo primario unico, minoribus oblongis — ^A.DC., Prodr.,
Lc, 614.

FoHa 6-9 poll, longa, l|-3 poll, lata, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus circiter 20 ; petiole poUicem longo. Calycis
fructiferi lobi majores 4 poll, longi, J poll, lati ; minores
\ in. longi.
Borneo, Sarawak, Beccari, 3417, 3762.

24. D. MABGnrATUs, Karth.^ Lc, 64. Arbor an arbuscula ; ramulis

crassis petiolisque pube stellata fusoa obductis; foliis
papyraceis, elliptids vel^oblanceolatis, breviter acuminatis,
basi obtusiusculis vel emarginatis vel interdum acutis,
pagina superiore nervis exqeptis glabra, subtus prsecipue in
nervis pubescentibus, repando-crenatis ; calycis fructiferi
immaturi tube stipitato, conico, apice ooarctato, ad angulos
alls i poll, latis, lobis majoribus obverse spatbidato-lineari-
bus apice rotmidatis basin versus gradatim attenuatis,
nervis tribus primariis venis inconspicuis transversim
conjunctis, glabris. — ^Bl. Mus. Lugd. Bat., ii., 37 ; A.DC.
in DC. Prodr., Lc, 613.

Folia surculorum 18 poll, longa, 8 poll, lata ; caetera 10-12

poll, longa, 4-5 poll, lata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus

cirdter 18 ; petiole 1-4 poll, longo. Calycis fructiferi tubus

' f poll, longus, lobi majores ad 5 poll, longi, pollicem

lati.

Borneo, Be Vriese ex Herh, Lugd. Bat.

25. D. OLAKDULOSFS, Thw.y Enum. 34 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr.

Lo, 612 ; Dyer in Plor. Brit. Ind., i., 297.
Ceylon, Thwaites, 2590.

26. D. SCABMDTTS, Thw,, Euum. 34 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr., Lc,

612 ; Dyer, Flor. Brit. Ind., i., 298.
Ceylon, Thwaites, 3406 (fruit only), 45d0 in part ?
[Fig. 20, fruit.] .

27. D. nffTBiCATtTS, Bi/er, sp.nov. Arbor 50-60-pedalis ; foliis
chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis, obtusiusculis, basi retusis, ujida-

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106 RETISIOir OF DBYOBALAHOP8 Ain> DIPTKEOCASPUa.

to-crenatiS) sapra pradsertim ttdjooflttem pilia stellatis Myis
raro obtectis demum glabratis et plnmbeo-lucidis, snbtas
pubd ochracea t^miter restitiB ; pdiolo pabesoente ; calycis
tinotiferi tubo OYoideo, a|ace eoaretato, ad angoloB alls
^ poll, latis transTerse pUcatb, lobis nmjoribas obloago-
hndaribtta, obtusis, unin^viift.
Folia 6«>poUJongay4-»poU.kta,iierYi6late]tdibii8utriii8ecii8
12 ; petiolo poUicari. Calycid fraotileri tubtis poUicaris,
lobi majores 3J poll, longi, f poll. latL

[Kg. 21.]

Cambodia, Z. Pierre,

28. D. PINTAPTEEI7B, Dff0tf Bp.iiov. AtbOT; ottmino glaber;
geflimis cylindtieid; foliis ellipticis, {^tushisciilis, bad
acatis, repaiido-crenatu ; racemis bifidis ; calycis floriferi
tubo cylmdrico, ad anguloa angastissime alato, demum
fructifero apice panllum eoarctato, alitj i poll, latis, lobis
majoribus late Imearibits apice lotimdatis biffii angastatis
ad medium tsinetviiB, minoiibtis Toton^tis.

Fdia 6 poll, louiga, 2} poll, lata, nerm lateralibus
ntrinsecus 12 ; petiolo pollicem longo. Pedicelli ^-^ poll,
lougi. Petak sesqtdp^caria. Calycis &actiferi tubus
p<dlioariB, lobi majoies ad 4 poll, longi, i poll. lati.

Borneo, Saarawak, Beeeari^ 2905, 2509.

[Fig. 18.]

29. D. iNCAvns, £04^., Hort. Beng., 42 ; Fl. Ind., ii., 614 ;

W. ^ A. Prodr., 84 ; A.DO. in DC. Frodr., I.e., 611 ;
Dyer in Flor. Brit. Ind., i., 398.
Chitfcagong, Boxbwgh. Fegu, Knn.

30. D. iKffloins, Th».^ Enum., 34 ; A.DC. in DC. Fiodr., l.c.,
612; Dyer in Flor. Brit. Ind., i., 298.

Ceylon, ITn^mtes, 3406.

31. D. GBAHDnntoaus, Bkmc^ Fl. Filipp., ed. 2. 814; A.DC.
in DC. Prodr., I.e., 612, D. Blanm, Bl. Mus. Lugd.
Bat., ii., 35.-^2). MotUyanm^ Hook. f. in Trans. linn.
See., xxiii., 159; A.DC. in DC. Prodr., l.c., 611. D.
pteryffocak^Xf Scbeff., Obs. Phyt., ii., 35 5 Dyer in Flor.
Brit. Ind., i, 298. Moeanem grandiJlorA Blanco, Fl.
Filipp., ed. i., 451. Ameoptera? Torcz. in Bull. Soc. Kat.
Mosc., 1858, i., 233.

Malacca, Mdingag^ 198. Banca, Ihfsman. Philippines, Cuming^

1073.
[Fig. 19, fruit]

32. D. aulTxjs, Eoxh., Hc«t. Beftg., 42; Bt. Ind., ii., 614;
Wall. Cat, 953 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr. I.e., 611, in part
Dyer in Flor. Brit. Ind., i., 298. D. cosfatus, Gaertn. f.
Fruct iii., 50, t. 187 (bad). B, gmophrus, Tnrcz. in
BuU. Soc. Nat Mosc., 1863, i., 676 ; A.DC. in DC. Prodr.,
I.C., 612. OUoxyhn bakamifammy Wall. Cat, p. 157.

Chittagong, Birma, Tenasserim. Griffi^ {Kew Bietrtb.j 729,
730), Andaman Islands. Siam.

33. D. NOBiLis, Byer^ sp.norv. Arbor ; ramnlis floriferis

crassis; noyellis, gemmis conicis petioUsqne pilb ftdvis

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XKFmON OF imTOBALANOPS AND DIPTSBOCABPU8. 107

fitsekuktU obdnetid; f«IiiB papyrooeis, oTatis, abrapte
acuminatis, ban Totimdatis yel retntis^ minime repando-
crenatis, pagixut superiote taerris 6xceptu glabra, subtos
{»ra&Gipue in nervit piloao-pubeseentibos ; racemis bifidis,
glabris; floiibiM magois; oalyois fraoiiferi purpureo-
pminosi tubo elongate, obverse ooai^ apice panllo coarc-
tato, ad angulos alii f polL latis, lobia majoribns oblongo-
linearibuB, apice lotundatit, baai paollo angnstatis, tri-
nerviis ; minoribuB rotondatis.

Folia 7-8 poll, longa, 4-5§ poll, lata, nervis lateralibus
ntrinsecos cirdter 18 ; petiolo ad If poU. longo. Bucemi
9 poll, longl Petala ^ poll, longa. Calvcis finictiferi
tabtLS 2^ poH. longUB ; lota majores 6 poll, longi, 1^ poll,
lati.

Borneo, Sattiwak, Bedcari, 2907, 2655.

The finut only difEbrs from that of L, M&tleymM in having the
enlarged lobes more distinctly S-n^rred.

34. D. Gaiwtottn, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.. i., 218 ; A.DC. in DC.
Prodr., I.C., 612; Dyer, in Flor. Brit. Ind. i., 299. — I).
grand^hrua. Griff. NotuL, iv., 515 ; not of Blanco.

Mergui, Qriffith (Kew IHatrih, 726), South Andaman Islands,
£urz.
Section 5. PLIOATI. iVuiting calyx tube famished at the angles
with double wings formed by the decurrent margins of the
lobes, and transversely plicate.

35. D. LAHSLLATUs, Hook fil. in Trans. Soc. Linn., zziii.,
159. Arbor; partibas omnibus junioribos dense tomen-
tosis; foliis ellipticis vel oblongis, breviter acuminatis,
supra demum glabratia tunc nitidis, subtus dense fulvo-
tomentosis, petiolo gracili ; calcycis fructiferi tubo intricate
lamdlato ut in 2). Lomi sed dimidio minore, lobis major-
ibus late linearibus apice rotundatis subunineryiis glabres-
centibus purpureo^pruinosis, minoribua rotundatis. A.DO.
inDC. Prodr., Lc, 611.

Polia juniora 3 poll, longa. If polL lata, nervis later-
alibus utnnsecas 12; petiolo pcAlicem longo. Calvcis
fructiferi lobi majores ad 5 poll. longi| poUicem lati,
minores semipollicares.

Borneo, Labuan, Hbtky, 169, 190 ?

[Fig. 22, froit]

Dr. Hooker considers D. BtmAiif Korth. (2>. pilonu^ Eoxb.)
as allied to this ; but there seem to be no other points
of resemblance beyond the vestiture.

36. D. Lown, Hook. JU. in Trans. Soc. Linn., xxiii., 160.
Arbor ; novellis, gemmis conicis petiolisque tomento velu-
tino fiilvo indutis ; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis, obtuse
apioulatis, basi plus minusve cordatis, marginibus into-
gernmis siccitate reflexis, adultis utnnque glabris, nervis
validis supra canaliculatis, subtus primum tomentosis dein
glabratis ; calycis fnictiferi tubo oblongo, supeme ad lim-
bum minime coarctato, lobis majoribus oblongis subtri-
nerviis parce stellato-hispidulis, minoribus rotundatis.

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108 BOTAKICAL BJBLIOG&APHT OF THB BBTTI^ COUITTISS.

omniiun margimbus in lamellas binas semipollioem latas
msigniter contortuplicatas decuirentibus et tubo adnatis.
FoHa ad 10 poll, longa, 5 poll, lata, nervis lateralibus
ntrinsecos 21 ; petiolo circiter sesquipoUicem longo, calycis
fructiferi lobi majores ad 6 poU. longi, 1} poU. lati ;
minores f poll, longi.

Borneo, Lowi ; Sarawak JBecoarty 1267.

[Fig. 23, flower bud.]

X). validus^ Bl. Mus. Ludg. Bat, ii., 86, is probably founded
on the barren shoots of this species.

Dttbls:.

37. L. Mayapts, Blanco, Fl. Filipp., ed. 2, pp. 313 and 315.
88. D, an^ustifoluis, W. & A. Prodr., 84; D, oostatus^
Roxb. Fl. Ind., ii., 618. (not of Gaertn.)

39. D. haUamifer, Bl. Mas. Lugd. Bat., ii., 87.

40. B, elongatus, Korth., I.e., 62.

41. i>. ewrhyncm^ Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat., Suppl. i., 485,

42. B. eurhynchioidsSy Scheff. Obs. Phyt., ii., 34.
48. B.fuhus^ Bl. Mas. Lugd. Bat, ii., 37.

ExCLITDENDiB.

2>. polyspermusy Blanco, Fl. Filipp,, ed. 2., pp. 312 and 815.
2>. Faloaapis, Blanco, I.e., 812.

BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH

COUNTIES.

Bx Henby TEiMEif, M.B., F.L.S.

{Continmd from page 73.)
Essex.— [18 South, 19 North ; artificially divided. Pr. ThameB.']
Chiefly drains into German Ocean ; W. portion in Thames basin ;
N.W. angle in basin of Ouse.
1.— G. S. Gibson, Flora of E., 1862. Arranged by Bab. Man., ed. 4.
Eight artificial districts. Full list of authors quoted given.
Cryptogams not included. Old authors worked up. — Additions
by A. Irvine in Phyt., N.S., 1862, p. 304, 335, and Bot
Chronicle. Also by J. Britten in Naturalist, i., 314.
2.— Gibs., 359.— Mart., 46.— Gough ii., 64.— B. G., 269.— New
B. G., 104, 590.— Cooper, 82.
fTooe^/brt?.— Warner, Plantae Woodfordienses, 1774. Alpha-
betical, names of Ray's Synopsis, ed. 3.
Chelmsford, — Mosses, Greenwood in Phyt. ii., p. 3!l4.
Saffron ^a/tfow —Gibson in Phyt. i., 408, 838, 1128.
8. — E. Forster's Herbarium in the British Museum.

Hekts. — [20. Pr. Thames.'] Mainly in Thames ; N. portion in Ouse
basin,
i.— R. H. Webb & W. H. Coleman, Flora Hertfordiensis, 1849.
Natural system. Twelve natural districts by drainage. List

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BOTAKICAL BIBUOGBATHT OF THB BBITISH COTTVTIXS. 109

of books quoted given. Short list of Mosses ; no other
Cryptogams. — Supplements in 1851 & 1859. — ^Additions in
Phyt., K8., 1856, pp. 156, 197, 492, and Joum. Bot, 1872,
p. 182 ; 1874, p. 22.
2.— Gibs., 306.— Mart., 50.— Gough i., 351.— B. G., 330.— New
B. G., 103, 589.— B. Chambers in Mag. Nat Hist.* 1838,
(N.8. u.), p. 38.
Hitchin, — Agarics, Dawson in Phyt. i. , p. 968.

MiDDLBSEx. — [21. Pr. Thames.'] Entirely in Thames basin.
1.— H. Trimen & W. T. T. Dyer, Flora of M., 1869. Arranged by
Syme, E. B., Lend. Cat., & Bab. Man. Seven natural districts
by drainage. Complete list of authors quoted given. Lists of
Mosses, Lichens, and Fungi (incomplete). Old authors especially
attended to. — Additions in Joum. Bot., 1870-1873.
2.— Gibs., 335.— Mart, 64.— Gough ii., 32.— B. G., 399.— New
B. G., 97, 586.— Cooper, 98; Supp., 11.
Sarefield,—S . Blackstone, Fasciculus pi. circa H. sponte nasc.,

1737.
Marrow. ^Z. C. Melvill, Flora of H., 1864.
Hyde Park Sf Kensingtm Oardem.-^J. L. Warren in Joum. Bot.,
1871, p. 227.
3. — Dr. Trimen's Herbarium in the British Museum. — Mr. MelviU's
Herbarium at Harrow School.
Dr. Trimen is collecting additional material.

Beeks. — [22. Pr. Thames.'] Entirely in Thames basin.
1. — J. Britten, Contrib. to a Flora of B. in Proc. Newbury District
Field Club, 1871. Arranged by Lond. Cat., ed. 6. Five
artificial distxicts. List of authors quoted given. Localities
for rarer species only. Cryptogams omitted. — ^Additions,
Joum. Bot. 1873, p. 138.
2.— Gibs., 151.— Gough i., 165.— B. G., 25.— New B. G., 163, 602.
Newbury — J. Lousley, 1839.

Beading.-^T. B. Flower, in Robertson's Environs of R., 1843.
Floras of Oxford, Bucks, and Hants often contain Berks locali-
ties.

Mr. Britten is collecting additional material.

OxpoRn. — [23. Pr. Thames.] Nearly all in Thames basin; small

portion of N.E. in Ouse ; very small piece in Severn basin ?

I. — J. Sibthorp, Flora Oxoniensis, 1794. Arranged on Linnean

system, with Latin definitions. Includes Cryptogams. —

Walker, Flora of 0. and its contiguous counties, 1833.

Arranged on Linnean system, with short English descriptions.

No districts. Cryptogams omitted. Exact area included not

defined.— Additions, H. Boswell in Phyt., N. S., 1860, p. 99.

— Cryptogams, Baxter and Ayres in Phyt. i., 661, 702.

2.— Gibs., 275.— Mart., 90.— Gough, i., 311.— B. G., 489.— New

B G , 166, 603.— Plot, Nat. Hist of 0., 1674. Plants, pp.

143-174, with figures. — Blackstone MS. in Bot. Dept. British

Museum, 1737 (in Herb. Sloane, vol. 317.)— M. T. Masters

in Trans. Ashmolean Soc, 1857. — Daubeny, Specimen of a

proposed Index to 0. Flora (with Walker's Flora). — See

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110 BOTAKICAL BIBLIOORAPRY OF TSB BBITISH 00inrTIS8.

Moriaon, Hist TJniv. Plant., 1686; Mwr^tt, Fmax, 1666?,-
Blaokstone^ Bpeo. £ot., 1746.
Or/brJ.— W. T. Thiseltou Dyer in Joum. Bot„ 1871, p. 145.—
Mosses, H. Boswell in Phyt., R, 8.^ 1860> pp, 344, 369 ;
1861, p. 262 ; and Jonrn. Bot.» ISTsi, p. 363.
Bankirff,"^. Onlliver, Catalogue, 1841, linnean system.
Cryptogams included ; plants collected 1818-24.— T, Beesley
in History of B. Natural i^stem. Cryptogam^ included.
1841*
Goring, — W. Pamplin in Phyt, t., 153.
3. — ^Baxter's Stirpes CryptogamicaB Qxonienses, dried specimens. —
Gulliver's Herbarium at Lit. Soc. of Chatham. — Dr. Sibthorp's
Herbarium, and probably much old material^ in the University
Herbarium »t Oxford, — ^Blactstone^s plants in the British
Museum,
BtrcKs. — [24. Pr. Thames.'] Southern portion in Thames} northern
in Ouse basin,
1.— J. Britten, Plora of B. (a list only), 1867. ITo districts in-
dicated. Localities not given ; chiefly about High "Wycombe*
Eevised list, showing distribution in N. & S. of county in
Quart. Mag. H.W.N.H.S., ii., 110, 121 (1868-9). Orchida-
oeae of county (localised HstX ibid, ii., 73 ; Perns, i.> 1 70.
Also ibid., i., 171 ; ii., 157 (lists of localities from old authors.)
2.- Gibs., 286.— Gongh i., 322.— B. G., 34.-"2few B. G., 161,
601.
M(trhw.'^Q. G. Mill in Phyt i., p. 983.

Etgh Wycombfi.r-J. Britten in Quart. Mag., H. W. Nat Hist.
Soc, L, 65, 163 ; ii., 59, 167 ; in Naturalist, ii. 319, 348 ;
iiL, 16, 33, 47, 69, 73, 116, 121, 139 (complete down to
Orchidacese) ; and in Bot. Chronicle.
Mr. Britten is collecting additions.

Suffolk. — [25 East, 26 West ; separated by line of 1*? E. long. Pr.
Ow«*.[ Chiefly drained by small rivers flowing into the German
Ocean ; N.W. portion in Ouse basin.
1. — Henslow & Skepper, Flora of S., 1860. Arranged by Ben-
tham's Handbook. Ko districts List of authors quoted given.
Includes Cryptogams arr. by Eng. Fl^ra. Old authors not
consulted.— List by J. Britten in White's Directory of S.,
1874.
2.— Gibs., 382.--Mart., 93.— ^ough ii, 92.— B, G.» 536.— New
B. G., 112, 592. — H, Rose, Appendix to Elements of Botany,
1775.— East S., T. W. Gissing in Phyt, N. S., i., 232, 323.—
J. E. Smith, English Flora, 1824-8.
Frcmlingham. — G. Crabbe in Loder's Hist, of F., 1798.
The Yarmouth Floras contain localities in this county.
8. — Prof. Henslow's Herbarium in Ipswich Museum and at
Cambridge.

No»youi. — [27 East, 28 West; separated by the line of 1** B. Long.
Pr. OmeJ] E. portion drains into German Ocean j W. portion in
Ouse basm.
1. — .Trimmer, Flora of N., 1866. No districts- Cryptogams not

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BOTANICAL BIBUOGIUPHT OF THE BEITISS COUKTIBS. 1 11

included, but intended to follow. Old authore not consulted.
(Faiishes of Bumham^ Stanhoe^ and Croitmei especiallj
attended to,)
2.— Gibs., 402.— Mart., 74.— Gough ii., U8,— B. G,, 419.— New
B. G., 125, 594.'**-G. Hunfprd, Botanical productjoiiA of N. in
White's History of N., ed. 8, 1864,, Four distriota. Crypto-
gins included. Previous writers enumerated in preface. —
west N, lb., in Amu Mag. Nat. Hist, 1H41, arr. by liudley's
Synopsis. Numerous localities. — ^W. Winter in Phyt., N.S.,
1861, p. 289.— Fungi, Plowright in Trans. Norf. & Norw. Nat.
Hist, Soc., 1873,— Geliart 6n drrisionsof N. fat botanical pur-
poses, Traus. N. d; Norw. N. H. Soc.
-JTwrtrtcA.— H. Bose^ App. to iEUemeuts of Botany, 1776, — ^Jf ann
iu Mag. Nat. Hist, 184Q.-nAdden4a, S. P. Woodward, Ann.
Mag. NatHiflt, 1844.
Smdringham,-^. Moxon iu Phyt, i^ 596, 630 (3 miles' radius) .
Yarmouth.--^. J. & J. Paget, Sketch of Nat. Hist, of Y.» 1834,
10 miles' radius (iuclwlea part of SuflfdUk). Cryptogams in-
cluded.--IiOwne, Popular Nat Hist, of T., 1863, List of
rare plants, pp. 43-48.
3. — Sir J. E. Smith's Herbarium et Linnean Society, I/ondon. —
Dawson Turner's Herbarium at Kew ; Rich in Cryptogams. —
Hooker's N. plants at Kew.
Mr. H. G. Glasspoole collecting localities in the county.

CAMBBmeE. — [29. Pr. Outie.'] Almost entirely in Ouse basin, a
small portion in S.E. drained by Stour flowing into German
Ocean.
I.-.C. C. Babington, Flora of 0., 1860. Eight districts, artificially
lormed. Cryptogams not included. Full lists of previous
authors; old writers after Rayftilly worked up and quoted.
-•^Cryptogams, K. Eelhan, Flora Cantabrigiensis, ed. 3, 1820.
2v— Gibik, 416.— Gough ii., 144.— B. G., 41.— New B. G. 143,
598.— See W. Turner, Names of Herbes, 1548, and Herbally
1551-68.
G. 8. Gibson's Safl&ron Walden list (see Essex) contains localities
inC.

BiDix)Bi).— [30. Pr. Otwtf.] Mainly in Ouse, but a small part of S.
in Thames basin.
1. — C. Abbot, Flora Bedfordiensis, 1798. Linnean system. Short

English descriptions. No districts. Cryptogams included.
2.— Gibs., 291.— Gough i,, 333.— B. G., 13.— New B. G., 157, 601.
HrnTs.— [31. Tr, Ome,'] Entirely in the Ouse basin.
1. — No complete Flora.

2.— Gough ii., 164.— B. G., 335.— New B. G., 155.
Paley's Peterborough List (Northampton) contains some H. plants.
NoKTHAMPTON.— [82. Pr. Ow^,] Mainly in Ouse, but portioiis of
W, in Severn and Thamea basins.
1 — No cwnplete Flora.

2.^Gibs., 442.— Mart., 76.— Gough ii., 189.— B. G., 460.— New
B. G., 173, 606.— Morton, Nat Hist, of N., 1712, pp. 360-407.
List of rarer plants arranged by Bay's Synopsis, ed. 2. Fungi,

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112 SHORT NOTES AND QUERIR8.

see M. J. Berkeley in Eng. FL y., pt. 2, and bis numerous
papers.
F0Urhorough,^¥. A. Paley, List 1860. Imperfect. GlumifersB

and trees omitted.
Davmirff.—'W. L. Notcutt in Phyt i., 500.
Gulliyer's Banbury Floras (see Oxford) contain N. localities.
Qloxjcbbtsb. — [33 East, 34 West; artificially divided. Pr. Severn.]
Cbiefly in Severn basin ; E. portion in Tbames basin ; S. part
drained by Bristol Ayon.
1. — "No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs., 251.— Gougb i., 283.— B. G., 307.— New. B. G., 187,
616.— G. 0. St. Brody in J. Bot. iii., 121 ; iv., 121.
Cheltenham, — J. Buckman, Bot. Guide to G., 1844. Linnean
system. No Cryptogams. — ^Additions, C. Prentice in Phyt.
ii., 884.— C. Coll. Nat. Hist. Soc. Eep., 1870.
^rt«^(7i^ Floras contain localities in G. (see Somebset).
St Vinoenfs i2o<?^.— SbierclifTs Bristol Guide, 1793.
3. — 8. P. Woodward's Herbarium at R. Agric. Coll. Cirencester.
— Cbeltenbam Nat. Association bas a good local herbarium.—'
Clifton College Nat. Hist. Soc. Herbarium.
Mr. M. J. Barrin^on-Ward is preparing a Flora of Clifton.
(To he continued.)

SHORT NOTES AND QUERIES.

Plants of Waewiczshike. — The following semi-maritime species
were noticed growing in and near some pits of salt water at Southam
Holt : — Scirpua maritimusy S. glaucwy Juneus compressua and Carex
diBtana. The two latter also occur at Chesterton, and the last with
M'ythrdBa pulchella at Moreton Morrell. I have also found on a high
hedgebank between Sherboume and Clayerdon, Bianthue Armeria^ a
very rare plant here. This new locality is of interest, as Perry's old
station has become very uncertain of late years. — Henhy B&omwicb.

Ihfltjbncb of Soil on Plants. — "Inquiry might be made by
Herbarists, whether the earth be not of the same nature and com-
position, where the same vegetables grow naturally " ? — Joshua
Childrey's " Britannica Baconica " (1660 p. 54). Is this the earliest
suggestion of the connexion of soil and plants ? — R. Tuckeb.

ToaTTJLA srsruosA in Oxpokdshiee. — Tliis beautiful little moss
which has previously, so far as I am aware, only been found in the
counties of Sussex (Davies), Cornwall (Borrer), Devonshire (Holmes),
and near Bangor (Wilson), has recently been also found in Oxford-
shire. I have a specimen, just received from Mr. F. Westell,
eathered by him in the neighbourhood of Witney during the present
month, ana he writes me that Mr. Boswell has also found it near
Oxford. As it does not occur in Mr. Boswell's list of Oxfordshire
Mosses, recently published in this Journal, I presume it is a discovery
of later date. There is a figure in ** Journal of Botany," ix. (1871),
p. 289., pi. 120, fig. 6, by Dr. Braithwaite. — Chaklbs P. Hobsi&k.

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KBW SPEOIBS or PRAKBRdOAMOUS PLAHT8. lid

€ttxsut0 and SHiurttactje;*

NEW SPECIES OF PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS IN PERIO-
DICALS PUBLISHED IN GfiEAT BRITAIN DURING THE
YEAR 1873.

This list comprehends the new genera and species published
daring 1873 in the following periodicals: — <' Botanical Magazine,"
" Gardener's Chronicle," " Icones Plantarum," " Journal of Botany,"
'^Transactiona " and '< Journal of the Linnean Societji" and '' Phar-
maceutical Journal."

AoAciA (ruLGABES) BXNiFOBMis, B&fUh, (LeguminossB Mimosese).—
Mexico. (Ic. Plant., 1165.)

Adblostigma senbgalbksis, Benth. (CompositsD, AsteroidesB). —
Senegambia. (Ic. Plant., 1144.)

Albttca BAUffEsn, Baker (Liliaoese). — Central S. Tropical Africa.
(Joam. Linn. Soc., xiii., p. 290.)

AiTACTCLiTS DEPKEssus, Ball (Compositse). — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 865.)

A. MASOCCAKTTS, BoU, subsp. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 365.)

Akchusa ATLANncA, ^a// (Boraginaccae). — Morocco. (Joum, Bot.,
p. 873.)

AiTBBTALA HOGADOBENsis, JEToo^./. (CompositsB). — Morocco. (Bot.
Mag., t. 6010.)

Anthemib tekvisbcta, Ball (Compositse). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 865.)

AauiLiEeiA cnsBYSAKTHA, A. Graff (Ranunculacesa). — New Mexico.
(Oard. Chron., p. 1335.)

Ababis cowbikgioides, Ball (CracifereB). — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot,
p. 2970

A. DBC1THBEN8, BaU, subsp. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 297.)

A. ebubsscens. Ball — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 297.)

Abistolochia (DiPLOLOBUs) eecubvilabba, Banee (Aristolochiacese).
—China. (Joum. Bot., p. 75, fig. p. 74.)

Aegtbolobiioc fallax, Ballf subsp. (Legumino8©)» — Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 302.)

A. MiCBOPHTLLTJM, BalL — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 303.)

A. STiPULACEnH, Ballf subsp. — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 302.)

AsEinrAirrHE pxtbescens. Hook, f. (RubiacecB). — Yucatan. (Ic.
Plant., 1145.)

AsTBAGALXJS ATLANTICU8, Ball, subsp. (LcguminosfiB). — Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 306.)

A. PBBTBBMissiTS, Ball. — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 306.)

AuLACocALTX JASMiNiFLOBA, Hook, f. (Rubiaccce). — Guinea. (Ic.
Plant, 1126.)

Begoitiella, Oliver (Begoniace®). — B. Whitei^ Oliver.^-New
Grenada. (Trans. Linn. Socr., xxviii., p. 513, tab. 41.)

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114 ITEW 9rB(^BS OV PI|49«R00AX<M7S FLAHTS.

Bblokophoba coffeoides, Hook.f, (Bubiacesd). — St. Thomas lala&d,
W. Africa. (Ic. Plant., 1127.)

Bbrkhbta Spekbaka, Oli^. (Oompodtee). — Trop. Africa. (Trans.
Linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 100, tab. 66.)

Bebkottixia, Olwer, — B, flammea^ Oliver (StercoliacesB). — Guate-
mala, Bernoulli 563. (Ic. Plant., 1169, 70.)

BiDBNs WNBABH.OBA, OUver (Compo8it8B).-^Trop. AfHca. (Trans.
Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 99, tab. 60.)

BoLusiA, Bmth, — B. eapenstOy Benth. (Leguminosaa, Galegeae).—
Cape Colony. (Ic. Plant., 1163.)

BoTHKiocLiNE ScHiMPBBi, Olw.&Hi^m, (CompositflB, Yemoniacese).
— Abyssinia ; Mount Kilimanjaro. (Ic. Plant., 1133.)

Bbassica BLATA, JBoll (CrucifersB). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot.| p.
298.)

B. ITBBVOSA, Bijfll, — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 299.)

B. BBBAYEwsis, Boll. — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 298.)
Bbownea macbophtlla, Bort Craufurd, — J9. cauUfiora? Poepp.

& Endl. (Leguminosae, CaesalpinesB). — ^Hort. Qrawfox^- {Q9xd. Chion.,
p. 777, fig. 149.)

Calendula maboccaka, Ball (Compo9it89).-^]4ior9cco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 367.)

Calocedbus, Eur%. (Conifer8B).-^(7. macrolepUi Kqrg,— Xunan.
(Joum. Bot., p. 196, tab. 133, fig. 3.)

CABDUKCBLLirs LT7CBNS, BoU (Compositse). — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 370 )

Cabduus Balmi, HoqI. /. (Composit»). — ^Moroooo. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 368.)

Centaubba CossoiriAsrA, Boil (Coinpo8it»).-^Horooco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 369.)
. C. MABoccANTJs, BM. — ^Morocoo^ (Joum. Bot.» p. 370.)

Chalepophtlltjm gutanense, nooh /. (Rubiace©).— rBritisb
Guiana. (Ic. Plant., 1148.)

Chiliocephaltjm Schimpebi, Benth, (Compoiits^ Ouaphalese). — '
Abyssinia. (Ic. Plant., 1137,)

Chibita %PECT08A, JTuHs. (Cyrtandraccse). — ^Yunan. (Journ. Bot*
p. 195.)

CHBYSA]n!HEHmcATi.AKTicnM,^a^ (Composites). — Morocco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 366.)

C. Catakanchb, BaU. — Morocco. (Joum, Bot., p, 366.)
C. Mawh, Hook.f. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 366.)

Cnicus chbysacanthus. Ball (CompositeB).-^— Mcnwcp, (Joum.
Bot., p. 369.)

0. ofOTATUs, Ban. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 368.)

CoDOFopsis cQirroT.vT7LAc^, JFwT^, (Campanulaooaa), — ^Yunan.
(Joum. Bot., p. 195.)

CoBBOpsis GBAHTn, OUv^ (CompositsQ), — Trop. Africa. (Trans.
Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 98, tab. 65.)

CoBONiLLA puLCHBA, B^H (L^gumiuosse). — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 307.)

C. BAVosissiMA, Bdly subsp. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 3Q7.)

CoTTLEDoif CossoKiANA, BM^ subsp. (Crassulacefiaj.-^Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 332.)

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KKW 6PBCIBB OV PSAITBSOOAMOVS PLAINS. 115

Crassuta (Pesfilata.) PBOFusAy Hook. /. (Gnusnlaoess). — Gape
Colony. (Bot. Mag., t. 6044.)

CBBicAHTHODinx PAUcATuv, Bmth, (Camposit®, SenedonidaB). —
Sikkim Himalaya. (Ic. Plant., 1142.)

C. PDnfATiTiDuir, Benth, — Sikkim Blmalaya. (lo. Plant., 1142.)

CsEPis (OMAxocLDfE) HooiLBBiAKA, BM (GompositsB). — ^Mopoooo.
(Joum. Bot., p. 371.)

C. 8TKLLATA, BaUj subsp. — Mopocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 371.)

Cboots ALSPPicfus, Bafur (IridesB). — ^Aleppo. (Ghiid. Obpon.^ p.
609.)

GrEiroiXKPHoir, Oliver (OlacinesB?) — G purvifoUuSj Oliver. —
Malaya, Maingay, n. 882. (Trans. Linn. Soc., xxviiL, p. 516, tab.
43.)

C. GBAHDiFOLivs, OUver, — Malacca, Maingay, n. 383. (Tpbhs.
Linn. Soc., zxviii, p. 59.)

Ctclophyllum DfiPLAKOHBi, Hooh, /. (Eubiao68B). — New Caledonia.
(Ic. Plant., 1158.)

Ctnajla htstbix, Ball (Compositfld). — ^Morocco. (Joopn. Bot., p.
369.)

Ctpkipedixtic Abgus, Rehb.f. (Orchidace»). — Penang? or Phillip-
pines ? (G^ard. Chron., p. 608.)

BiCHOToicAirrHss, Kwz, (LythracesB). — D. tristanuBearpaf Knrz. —
— Yunan. (Joum. Bot., p. 194, tab. 133, fig. 2.)

DiooHA EASACFUXK8IS, OUv. (Gompositffi). — ^Trop. Africa. (Trans.
Linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 103, tab. 70.)

DiosoosEA ILLI78ZBATA, Hoft Bull, (DioscoreacesB), Bio Orande
do Sul. (Gard. Chron., p. 1731, fig. 345.)

Deaclkbta Pobxbai, Bak&r (Asparagacese). — ^Penang. (Jonm. Bot.|
p. 262.)

EcmNOPs AHPLBXiCAXTLis, Olw. (Compositfld). — ^Trop. Afiica.
(Trans. Linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 101, tab. 67.)

EcHixTH MOBESTUK, Boll (Bopa^acesd).— Mopocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 373.)

ELiBAJitHtTB XAKTHOOOMXTS, R&tehm^. /. (OrehidaccsB). — Pem.
(Bot. Mag., t. 6016.)

Emilia CjBspitosa, OUv. (Compositse). — Trop. Africa. (Trans. Linn.
Soc., xxviii., p. 100.)

Epidendbuh PHY80DB8, Eehb. /. (Opchidaoese). — Costa Eica.
(Gard. Chpon., p. 289.)

Erioeboh QsAirrn, Oliv. & fftem. (Compositse).— Tpop. Africa.
(Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 93, tab. 58.)

Erythbocbphalttk LoirGiFOLiuM, Benth. MS. (Compositfld). — ^Tpop.
Africa. (Tpans. Linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 102.)

E. MDrus, OUv. — Tpop. Africa. (Trans. Linn. Soc., xxviii., p.
103.)

K KUTAirs, Bmth. M3.— Trop. Africa. (Trans. Linn. Soc., xxviii.,
p. 102, tab. 69.)

EaiTHBOflTAPHTLE, Hmcs (YetbeuBMdd ?)♦— ^. vittginea, Hance. —
China. (Joum. Bot., p. 266.)

* This proves to be a new species of the omions genus lodet^ as I learn from
a letter received from Dr. Hance. — [Ed, Joum, Bot.i

I 2

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n6r ITBW SPECIES OF PnANEBOQAHOUS PLANTS.

EsoAXLOifiA Philippiaita, Mast. {E, virgata, yar. PhiUppiatM^
Engler), (Saxifragacece).— Valdivia. (Gard, Chron., p. 947.)

EuBYOOMA APicxJLAiA, A. W, £mn. (Simarubeffi). — ^Penasg. (Phar-
maceutical Journ., iii., p. 882.)

Fadoc^ia fucbsioides, Wdw. MS. (BnbiacesB). — ^Trop. Africa.
(Trans. Linn. See., xzviii., p. 86, tab. 50.)

FiLAGO AiLANncA, Ball (CompositcB). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 864.)

FuMAKA ABBI780ULA, Bail (GistacesD).— Morocco. (Joum. Bot.»
p. 300.)

FuMABiA Tjsnmssmh^ Ball, subsp.* (Fumariacesd). — Morocco.
(Journ. Bot., p. 297.)

Gauuh AcuiuKATCTM, Boll (Kubiace®). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot.»
p. 834.)

G. ATLAjmciTM, Ball, subsp. — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 334.)

G. KouxAKGBBE, Ball, — ^MoTocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 335.) "

Gaulthbbia cUbNULATA, Eurz. (Ericaceae). — Yuuan. (Joum. Bot.,
p, 195.)

Gbnista mabocoava, BaU^ subsp. (LeguminossB). — Morocco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 303.)

6. MTRiAirTHA, Ball. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 303.)

GirAPHAUirH? HELICHBY80IDS8, Ball (Gompositad). — Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 364.)

GuTENBEBGiA coBDnpoiJA, Bmth. MS. (Compo8it8&). — Trop. Africa.
(Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 90, tab. 55.)

GuTHBTEAT, BoluB. — (?. capefisis, Bolus (PassifloresD, Achariese). —
Cap6 Colony. (Ic. Plant., 1 161.)

Gyhnopdktzia bipubcata, Benth. (Coinpo8it8B).*^S. Africa. (Ic.
Plant., 1155.)

Hbkistocabpa MnnmFLOBA, ffooh /. (BubiacesB).— Old Calabar.
(Ic. Plant., 1151.)

. Hblxchbysuh KiBKii, Olfv. & Htem. {Oompotaiw), — Trop. Africa.
(Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 95, tab. 61.)

He EB0PHTLL2A pusTULATA, liook. f. (RubiacefiB). — ^La Plata. (Ic.
Plant., 1134.)

HiPPooBEPis ATLANTICA, Ball (LegumiuossB). — Morocco. (Joum.
Bot.. p. 307.)

HrDBOTuoPHXTS, C. B. Cla/rke (HydrocbaridaceaB). — B., ecMnosper-
mu8, Clarke. — E. Bengal. (Joum. Linn Soc., xiv., p. 8, tab. IS)

HTMEifocABDiA xjLMOiDEs, OTw. (EupborbiacecB). — ^Zanzibar;
Angola. (Ic. Plant., 1131.)

HiMENosTEPHiuM HExiCANUH, Bmth, (Compositffi). — Mexico, Bour-
geau, n. 1932. (Ic. Plant, 1154.)

Htpoch.£bis LEoirroDONToiDEs, Ball (Compositae). — Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 371.)

Htpoxis LoNGiPotiA, Hook,f, (Hypoxideae). — Cape Colony. (Bot.
Mag., t. 6035.)

IxoBA (Pavetta) tentjipolia. Hook. f. MS. (Rubiaceae). — Trop.
Africa. (Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 86, tab. 51.)

* Tfais name is preoccupied, being need by Boswell S>me as a sapcr-species
to include F. paivi/fora and F. Vaillantif.—-[Ed. Joum, Bot.}

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0I7EW SPE0IE8 OF PHAJTIBOGAICOXTS PLANTS. 117

Jasioite ATLAXTickf BM (Campanulacese).— -UoTocco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 373.)

J. coBNTTTA, BM. — MoTocco. (Jotim. Bot., p. 878.)
XooKPAssiA, Maingay. — K, malaocensii^ Mfdngay (Legaminosae,
CassieaB). — Malacca. (Ic. Plant, 1164.)

LsLiA HABPOPHYLLA, Bchb. /., ** ii.sp. OP hybr." (Orohidaoeae). —
Hort. Day. ^Gard. Chron., p. 542.)

Lazhtbus nssus, BdU (Leguminosae). — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 832.)

LsnEBUBiA BBA0HT8TTLA, N4em (Umbolliferae). — Trop. Africa.
(Trans. Linn. Soc., xxriii., p. 80.)

Lbonzodok Baliu, Brnth.^ snbsp. (Comporitae). — ^Morocco. (Jonm.
Bot., p. 872.)

L. TBiTiAus, BaU. — ^Morocco. (Journ. Bot., p. 872.)

Lbptoscela bubllioidbs, Hook. /. (Bubiaceae).— Bahia, Bkncbet
2399. (lo. Plant., 1149.)

LnjuH philippbnsb, Baker (Iiiliaoeae).-»Fhilippine Islands. (Qaid.
Chron., p. 1141, fig. 243.)

liOBAFTHirs usuiENsis, OUv, (Loranthaceae).— Trop. Africa.
(Trans. Lkm. Soc., xxviii.^ p. 80, tab. 44.)

LoTOKoiriB MABOGCAKA, Ball (Leguminosas). — ^Morocco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 802.)

Iioiu9 (Pedbosia) icABoocAinTS, Ball (Legominosae). — ^Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 306.)

LiTDTA HTPoisuoA, Bmth. (Compositae, Seneoionidae ?)-— North
West America. (Ic. Plant., 1 139.)

Ltsimachia (LrsDCASTBirK) Chbistot^, Ifance (Primnlaceae).-^
China. (Joum. Bot., p. 167.)

MAiKeAYA, Oliv&r (Hamamelideae).— Jf. malayanay Oliver.r—
Penaug, Maingaiy, n. 1518. (Trans. Linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 517, tab. 44.)

1£abtjpA, Mier» (Simarubaceae). — M, Frameoana. — ^Brazil. (Joum.
Bot, p. 260, tab. 135b.)

Masdbvailia iTTOiEBnrA, i2<?W./.(Orcliide8D). Hort. Day. (Gard.
Chron., p. 1237.)

Matbicabia mabogcaka. Ball. (Compositae).-— Morocco. (Joum.
Bot, p. 366.)

Mattt.t.abta pobphtbostbla, Rehib. /. (Orchideae). — Brazil.
(Gard. Chron., p. 978.)

MBLiAjrTHus TBDaaoANus, Hook, /. (Sapindac6ae).-«Cape Colony.
(Joum. Bot, p. 353, tab. 138.)

Mbkihia, Fua MS. (Acanthacea8).-*-jr. turgiday Fua MS. —
Cochin China. (Bot Mag., t. 6043.)

MBBEin)EBA AnxsisoNi, Hook. /. (Melanthaceae).— -Punjab. (Bot
Mag., t 6012.)

MssEMBBTAirmEifXTM BBACHTPHTLLT7M, WeUo. MS. (FicoideaB). —
Portugal. (Joum. Bot, p. 289, tab. 136.)

MoiTANTHBs ATLANTXCA, BoU (Crassulacese). — ^Morocco. (Joum.
Bot, p. 383.)

MoBiKA BET0Nicx)iDB8, Benth. (DipsacesB). — Sikkim. (Ic. Plant.,
1171.)

Nastubhum atlantictjm, Ball (Cruciferae). — Morocco. (Joum.
Bot, p. 297.)

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118 VBW SPSCIBB OF PHAHIBOOAHOirS PLANTfL

IfiDuiABiuiE 8FBCTABi£B| T. Moote (BioiKeliacese). — South Ameriea.
(Gard. Chron., p. 8.)

KoTOPOEA, HooJk.f. (Erioe», Vtccine©).— Britfah Goia&a. Soliom-
burgk, 566, 567, 1038. (lo. Plant, 1159.)

ODoirroGLossuii Rokzlii, ^W. f. (techidace»).— New Grenada.
(Gaid. Ghion., p. 1302, fig. 269.)

0. RucKEEiAirxjif, ReU.f. (Gard. Chron., p. 105, fig. 18.)

Oldenlavdia xFFuaA, Q/nr. C^ubiac68&).-— Trop^Afiioa. (Trans.
Linn. Soc., xxYiii., p. 84, tab. 48.)

OiSTdDiuM (OYBTOGHILA aitbiculata) Bauotiakjb, RfUt, /. (Qrchi-
dacesB). — ^New Grenada. (Gard. Ghion., p. 915.)

0. sAffrsTTLB, Sfiti^ /.-^OxfEOi lioiuitauis. (Gasd. Gfaron.,
p. 253.)

0. (cxBTooHiXA xxAiTBieuiATA) pKAeuKXBtvii^ Mtih f. — "New
Grenada. (Gard. Chron., p. 915.)

0. BoiusTDiPOLnTM, £chb» /. — ^Hort. Dawaon. (Gard. GhroB., p.
978.)

0. 8TELLIG1SBI7M, £chb, /. — ^Hort. BacUbonae. (Gard. Chron., p.
1398.)

0. (CTBTOCHILA attbioulaxa) dbtbaoopis, £chk /. — "Sew Grenada.
(Gard. Chron., p. 915.)

Okosjb AXLAjxncAf ^o// (Leganunosffi). — ^Morocco. (Jotoijk Bot.,
p. 304.)

0. Hawbaka, Ball. — ^Morocco. (Jonm. Boti., p^ 304.)

0. poLTPHTbLA, Ball. — ^Morocco. (Joom. Bot. p^ 304.)

OioriTHOGAixjM BoLusiAKUM, Bowr (LiUace®). — Gape Cokiiy.
(Jonm. Linn. Soc., ziiL, p. 279.)

0. ooMPTUM, Baker. — Cape Colony. (Jooni. Linn. Soe., xiiL, p.
274A

0. ? (LxDXBoimiQpgis^ CoQPXBi, j&ai^.-*--Ca^e Colony. (Jonro.
Linn. Soc., ziii., p. 284.)

0. DXLioiDEUH, Baker, — Cape Colony. (Joum. Lian. Soa, xiii., p.
281^

0. GBiSBUic, Baker. — Cape Colony. (Jonm. Linn. Soc., xiii., p.
281.)

0. Kntsn, Baker. — ^Zambesi. (Jonm. Linn. Soc. xiiL, p. 279.)

O. HACBAircHuic, ^tf^.— Capo Colony. (Jonm. Linn. Soc., xiii.,
p. 280.)

0. Mbl£bbi, Bak&r. — S. £. Tropical Aidca. (Joum. Linn. Soc.,
xiii., p. 280.)

0. uiTuiiiiOBXTM, Baker. — Cape Colony. (Jonm. Linm See., xiii.,
p. 271.)

0. pvBBaoBK8, j^oier.— Cape Colony. (Jonm. Linn. Soe., xiii, p.
282.)

0. TmaimsuUf Sokmd. ifiS.— Cape of Good Hope. (Jonm. Linn.
Soc, xiii., p. 271.)

0. Zeihsbi, Baker.'^Cttpe Colony. (Joum. ISxm. See., xiii, p.
281.)

Otokbbia icADiBNSis, Olw. (Eubiaceffi). — ^Trop. Africa. (Tians.
Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 83, tab. 47.)

Otopappus vBBBBsiworDBs, Bentk. (Compositae).— Nicaragua. (Ic.
Plant., 1153.)

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K8W SEPieOIBS OF PHAineBOOAMaiTS FLAlnS. 119

Pii^AYBB isv^, BaU (P$ittt^taeets).'*^Uoiocoo. (Jotun. Bot, p.
296.)

PxiiTAS pimpuBBA^ 0/»i^^ (BtLbiaoe88).-^^p. AMca. (I^rans.
litutr Soc., xxtiii., p. 83.)

Pbucbdahum Gbahth, KingBtan M6. (Umbellifor©). — Trop.
AM^^ (Trans. Lmn. 8oc., xzriii., p. 79, ta^. 4a.)

PHAeHALOK BiooLOBy B(M (CompositsB). — ^Morocco. (Jouniw Bof .|
p.»64.) .

Fhilydbxtm (obihothtmx) GLAmmnTMUM, Rook,/. (Philydrese).—
Faem&Islmids? (Bot. Mag., t. 60^.)

PHTLLAcmnA. GKAimr, ^mi^A. if>Sf. (Compodto). — Trop. AMca.
(Traits. JjVtat^ Soo.» xzYiii., p. 102» tab. 68.)

Physotbichia, Bi&m (Umbellifer©). — F. WetmUehii^ Hiem. —
Angola. (Jowm. Bot, p. 161, taV. 182.)

Physubus dbcobxjs, EcKb. /. (OrcbidesB). — Sumatra. (Ghttd.
Cbron.yp. 177*)

P. W0BILI8, -R(?W./.— BiiaAil. fOaiHi. Chrott,, p. 1-77.)

Picitis A£Bii>A,- BiiU (CemposiW).^— Motooeo. (JoorH. Bot., p.
370.)

YLkaiwxKSTidfB^h.'^P. astiUaria^ Bentk (LeguminlOefte GalegesB?)
—Tropical Australia. (Ic. Plant., 1162.)

Plattloka BELtint, T. Moore (Filiow).-^Oaiiforflia. (Qard.,
Chron., p. 213^)

P^ BBAe mtp ' fjflrt FM, T. Jfoor^.^^aKfofnia. (GhiM. duron.,
p. 141.)

PzjiccBOKiA VB2F0SA, OU^. (IRubiaoe^). Tifop. Africa. (Trans.
Linn. Soc, xxyiii., p. 85, tab. 49.)

pLucfficBA s^nrBscniFs^ Bentk. (Compositde).-— Scinde and Punjab.
(Ic. Plant, 1157.)

1^^ pnofATiTiDA, Hmh. /-^Soiku^ Country. {Jit. Plant.,
1156.)

P^^roABP^ir Tngtorr/Hit<m)t^, £M (Gar7ophyllac6es).-^Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 301.)

P^eBAiTA siJBFoo^oBA) KuTt. (Conv^hulaceSB). — Sikkim. (Journ.
Bot., p. 136.)

Pr sPEd^Amus, Zi<ri^.-^MartAbc^. (Joum. Bot., p. 136.)

P. TBI7VCATA, JSkim, — Pegu and Martaban. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 136.)

PoBPHTBOSTEBOfA Gbaktu, Bmth. MS. (Composit»). *- Trop.
Afidca.; (Trans. Linn. Soc., zxviii., p. 96, tab. 63.)

PoTEBiuic AKOsps, Ball (Bo8ace8&). — lioifocca. (Joum. Bot., p.
332.)

PsiLAHTHus Majwh, Hooh, ft (Rubiaoees).— Fomando Ifo. (Ic.
Plant., 1129.)

Ptbleocabpa, Oliv. (OlacinesD). — P. mahceermSf GHv.— ^Malacca.
(Trans.. Lina. Soc., xrrni., p. 515, tab. 42.)

PuLicABiA Gbakih, OUp. ^ Hierf^, (OolnpositeB).— Trop. AMca.
(Trans* Linn^ Soc, xxviii., p. 96, tab. 64.)

P. L0KGIF3LIA, Ball, subsp. — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 864.)

BAVUKcirjc^s A9LANTICUS, BoU^ subsp. (Ranunculacefie).— ^Morocco.
(Joum. Bot., p. 296.)

R. LEUcoTHBtrz, Ball, subsp. — Moirocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 296.)

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120 KBW SPSdBS OF PHANEB0GAH0TJ8 PLAKI8.

Eesbda. ATTEiruATA., £aUf subsp. (BesedacecD). — Uorocco. (Joam.
Bot., p. 299.)

R. DIFFUSA, Ball^ subsp.-^Morocco. (Jonm. Bot, p. 299.)

EiGioLEPis, Hook /. — £. homeensiSf Hook. f. (Yaccmie©.)—
Sarawak. (Ic. Plant., 1160.)

EuBus (Dalibabda ?) DEBILI8, Ball (EoBaceas). — Morocco. (Jouid.
Bot, p. 332.)

Balmicopsis CLAUssBNn, Benih, (Compositae). — ^Brazil. (Ic. Plant.,
1152.)

Santolika scabiosa. Ball (CompositeD). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot,
p. 365.)

ScmzoBAsis, Bahr (Liliaceae). — S. Maeawani,. Baker. — Cape
Colony. (Joum. Bot, p. 105.)

Sebtjm hodesiuh, Ballf (Cra88ulace8s).^Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p.
383.)

bEHPEBYiYUM ATLAjTTicuH, Ball, subsp. ? (Cra6SulaceaB).-^Moroceo,
(Joum. Bot, p. 333 ; Bot Mag., t 6055.)

BENEao DI8CIF0LIUS, Oltv. (Compositae).— Trop. Africa. (Trans.
, Linn. Soc, ximii., p. 100.)

SiLBNB AJDufcA, Ball, subsp. ? (CarjTophyllace®). — Morocco.
(Joum. Bot, p. 301.)

S. coBBTJOATA, Ball. — ^Morocco. (Joum. Bot, p. 301.)

8. DEdPiEirs, Ball, subsp. — Morocco. (Joum. Bot, p. 300.)

Sladeioa, JKurz, (Temstrcemiaceee). — S. oelastrifolia, £urz. —
Yunan. (Joum. Bot, p. 194, tab. 133, fig. 1.)

Soi.ENAin)BA ixoBomss, Rodk.t (Bubiaceee).— Cuba. (Ic. Plant.,
1150.)

SoircHXJs FBAGiiis, Bott. (CompositsB). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot.,
p. 372.)

SoNSBiLA Bensoki, Uooh /. (MelastomaocsB),— <-Madras. (Bot.
Mag., t 6049.)

Spxbmacocb DiBiiAOHiATA, 0/fip. (£ubiace»). — Trop. A&ica.
(Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 87, tab. 52.)

S. KoTSCHTANA, OUv. (EubiaccfiB). Trop. Aftica. (Trans. Linn.
Soc, xxviii., p. 88, tab. 53.)

SPH-aatANTHUs poLYCEPHAius, Olio* ^ Etem* (Compositee). — ^Trop.
A&ica. (Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 95, tab. 59.)

Stellabia testita, Kur%. (CaryophyUacecB). — ^Yunan. (Joum.
Bot, p. 194.)

Sulpnophtllttm uhbatum, Hooh f. (Rubiace©). — ^East Peru.
Sprace, 4568. (Ic Plant, 1147.)

SxMPHOBiCABPus LOKGUXOBTTS, A, Qroy (Caprifoliace8B). — ^Nevada,
U.S.A. (Joum. Linn. Soc, xiv. p. 12.)

Stbestoodba, Hooh. f. — 8. pulehelia. Hook. f. (Iride»). — Cape
Colony. (Bot Mag., t 6071.)

Taosonia nrsioios, Mast. (Passifloracese). — S. America. (Qard.
Chron., p. 1112, fig. 230 ; & Bot Mag., t. 6069.)

Tahabix speciosa, Bdl, subsp. (TamaricaceaB). — ^Morocco. (Joum.
Bot, p. 301.)

Tbifolium ATLAinicnu, Ball (LeguminossB) . — Morocco. (Joum.
Bot. p. 306.)

T, HUMiLE, Ball, — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p. 305.)

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NOriC£S OF B03KS. 121

Yeskohia. QaANin, Oliv. ^ Hiem. (CcmipositaB).— Trop. Africa.
(Trans. linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 92, tab. 57.)

V. KABAeuENSis, OUv, ^ Hiern, (Comporitae).— Trop. Afiica.
(Tnms. linn. Soc., xzviii., p. 91.)

V. PBTKBsn, Oliv. Sf Hiem. Trop. Africa. (Trans. Linn. Soc.,
xxviii., p. 90.)

V. Thomsohiawa, OUv. Sf Hiem.^Tioj^. Africa. (Trans. Linn.
Soc, xxviii., p. 91.)

V. TUBBDf ATA, Oltv, ^ Hiem. — Trop. Africa. (Trans. Linn. Soc.^
xxviii., p. 90, tab. 56.)

V. YioLACBA, Oliv. ^ jHiVm.— Trop. Africa. (Trans. Linn. Soc.,
xxviii., p. 91.)

Viola mod^ista, Ball (Yiolaceee). — Morocco. (Joum. Bot., p.
300.)

Wedelia mossahbickksis, Oliv. (Compositae). — Trop. Africa.
(Trans. Linn. Soc., xxviii., p. 97.)

XfiBAirrHEMUH MODESiuH, Boll (Gompositas). — Morocco. (Joum.
Bot., p. 868.)

Zdtgibsb Pabisho, HooL /. (Soitamineae). — ^Monknein. (Bot.
Mag,, t. 6019.)

^ttmsi of ^nok^.

Beperfortum annuum Zii&ratura Botaniea P&riodiem curavit J. A. tan
Bkkhelkn. Tom. i., 1872. Haarlem, 1873. (Pp. 224.)

The compiler of this useful volume is the keeper of the Tejler
Society's Library at Haarlem, and has performed a tosk which entitles
him to the thanks of aU working botanists, in exhibiting, on a convenient
and well-arranged system, the botanical work of a year as represented
in the periodicals to which he has had access. The number of these
amounts to ninety-two, of which thirty-six are independent journals,
and the remainder proceedings or other publications of scientific
societies. Only twenty-one are purely botanical (and of these but
five are published by botanical societies) ; the remainder are periodicals
devoted to general science. Newspapers — 1.«., periodicals of which the
bulk of the contents is anonymous — are not quoted ; apparently the
only exception to this (among English periodicals at least) being
"Nature." Horticultural pubUcations are also omitted, yet it would
seem certainly most desirable to have quoted such periodicals as the
"Gardener's Chronicle" and the "Belgique Horticole," in which so
much good botanical matter is published. In a work of this sort it is
a fault very much on the right side to include what is beyond the
immediate scope if likely to be of use. No doubt in future volumes —
and it is to be greatly desired that the author will continue the work —
the omissions in this first attempt will be largely filled up. There is
great room for this. Among English periodicids in which botanical
papers more or less frequently occur, but which have not come under

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123 irOTIOES OF BOOKS.

the notie^ <^ the anther, may be mentioiied the '^PbsUt&ad^riitical
Jounial," the << Annals atid Magazine of KalToral BkUntjf^^ the
''^ JFounial of ttie Horticultural Soeiety," the " Monthly Mkritecopical
Journal," and the Transactions of the Irish Acddemy^ of the Boyal
Sodety of Edinburgh, and of the Cambridge PhiloM^hical Soeiet^. In
foreign literature, the autbor might add to his list in Atnerica aiid the
British Colonies, and the roQ of Scandinaykn periodicals is wefolly
incomplete, the important publications of the Academies and
XTniversftties of Stockholm^ C<^rahages, Lund, HekkigfoiiB, &c.,
receiving no notice. It may be suggested that a list of periodicals
arrai^ged under l^e names oi coiuitries or places wt>uld be » Hseful
addition to future annual volumes^ and lead towards obtainiiig a com<-
plete enumeratioii of them all.

Contrary to usual custom the faults of the book have been pointed
out first ; they are wholfy ibme oi (xnisfidott, and oidy s^te to diow
the difficulties anyone must meet Mtiih who attempts to get together
the periodical literature of the world on a* giv^ii siibjeot £b^ a year.
There can be nothing but commendation for the way i» which the
aut^r has treated his material ; he ha& apparently extracted every-
thing of value from it, and has arranged aU in a very handy form for
reference. The articles are classified under the heads of (as recom-
mended by Sachs) General Morphology, Special Morphology (under
natural Orders), Physiology, Monographs (under natural Orders), Floras
(under countries), and General Botany. The natural Orders follow the
sequence of Pfeiffer's compendious " Synonymia Botanica," 1870. A
complete index to authors' names concludes the volume.

A somewhat careful search through the English portion has revealed
very few errors of any sort, and evidence of unusual carefiikiess and
precision. The geogr^hy is occasionally faulty; Moab is not in
Europe, not is Vectis one of the Pacific Oceanic Islands. But little
slips of this sort are sure to creep in, aaid detract in but a very small
degree from the us^ulness of the volume, which should be in all
public scientific libraries, and will save* many a tiresome and fruitless
search for papers the reference to which has been lost or mislaid.

H. T.

leanea Seketa Hymenomyeetum Sun^aHa. Per SisPHAinm ScmrLEEK

£T CaBOLUH EALCHSBENirBB. Ko. I. Pcsth.

The first part of this work, which if continued is likely ta prove
valuable, contains ten plates of Agarics beautifiilly printed in colours,
the accompanying letterpress being printed in the Hungarian and
Latin languages. In size the work corresponds with Eries's famous
" Icones Selectae Hym^omycetum Hungarias " and the ten plJates con-
tain figures of twenty-one species, of which fourteen are new and now
first described by the authors. Some notice of this book has already
appeared in these pages (Joum. Bot. 1873, p. 127) ; notes on the
species are now given.

Plate 1. —Fig. \,-^Affa/rieu9 {Amamta) Aureola^ Kalchbr. This is
evidently a mere variety or very close ally of A. muscarnfs, L., the
orange tint beneath the cuticle reminds one strongly of this species,
and the size of the spores is the same. However this may be, A.

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NOTICES OF BOOKS. 128

Aureola, K., is a British plant, and has been exhibited at South
Eensington as a mere yellow-topped yariety of A. musearmSy L.

Plate 1. — "Fig. 2. A. (Am J op^neoy ScIl if not one of the many
yarieties of A. vaginatwy Bull, is an m^eaasntly near ally ; aoooiding
to the meaaoxements given the latter plant has spores somewhat
l(»iger than A. eygnea,

PL 2. — ^Fig. 1. A» {Lepiota)nymphaintm^ Ealchbr. This plant is
one of the set coming close to !a, exeoriatuij Schaeff., and as there is
e^eiy intennediate form between the latter plant and A, raohodsB^ Yitt.,
and A. proeenu. Scop., of which we have no doubt A. nympharum^
K., to be one, we imagine little is gained by elevating it to the dignity
of a species. The spores are said to be '' mediooreBy^ which is indefinite,
and we take the plant itself to be the same type»

PL 2.— Fig. 2. A. {Z^.) Sehulzeri, Fr. On the plate ttiis is
giyen as Fries's species, but in the letterpiess Ealchbienner's. It is
dosely allied to A, koloserieeus, Fr., but is probably distinct, though
the spores are the same ; we find the latter plant with a hollow stem
as in ^. Sehulseri, though Fries describes it as sdid.

PL 3. — A. {7Vichol<ma) macroeephalusy Sch. This has been pub-
lished as a British plant, but Fries says it has been previously pub-
lished by lAsch, No. 240. (See " Linnaea " iii. (1828), p. 396.)

PI. 3. Fig. — A. {IV.) psammopus, Kalch. A close ally of A.
saponaceus, Tr., of which it may be a new form.

PL 4. Fig. 1.— J[. (IV.) argynm, Kalch. A dose aUy of A.
terreuSf Schaefi, of which it may be a mere form.

PL 4. Fig. 2.— A. (2V.) C&nturio, Kalch. This is probably the
fleshy, dark-topped variety of A. grammopodiusy Bull.

PL 5. A, (TV*.) twnuloimy Kalch., strongly reminds one of A.
(CUtocyhe) fumom^ P., var. poUm\ the habit is the same, so is the
colour, and the larger section is that of a CUtocyhe.

PL 6. Fig. I.— A. {Clitocyhe) trulla/ormia, Fr.
^ Fig. 2.— 'ii. {Collyhia) atramentosusy Kalch.
„ Fig. 3. — A. \CoU.\ phmipesy Kalch.
„ Fig. 4.—^. {ColL) raneidusy Fr.

7^ first is a rare species, with which we are unacquainted, and
the latter is a very common one; the two others are interesting
as coming very close to A. plexipeSf Fr., and A. Unaeelluiy P.

PL 7. Fig. 1. — A. {Mycena) eamdlrn^ Kalch. Too close to A,
pwuBj P.

PL 7. Fig. 2. — A, {Omphdia) eyanophyUuSf Fr.

PL 7. Fig. 3. — A, {Omp.) recUnuSf Fr. In the descriptions
the references are transposed.

PL 8. Fig. 1. — A. {Pleurotus) sapidm^ Sch., allied to A. {PL)
petdlodeSf Bull.

PL 8. Fig. 2.— -4. (P/.) pardalis, Sch.

PL 9. A, (PL) Buperhiem, Sch.

PL 10. Fig. 1. — A. (Annuhria) FenzUiy Sch. This plant looks
very much like a Bolhitius, or still more a Flammulaf as A. flwvid/us ;
this latter, like A, Fenzlit, Sch., is common on Limes. If its position
be correct, it has no right to the subgeneric name of Annuhna^ as
this position in Aga/riem was pointed out and described by the writer
of this notice under the name of Chamaotay in " Journal of Botany,"

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124 BOTANICAL NSWS.

vol. 8., p. 213. As Messrs, 8. & K. refer to this article, their sabsti-
tution of a mere MS. name is inexcusable.

PL 10. Fig. 2. — A. (Pluteua) patricim, SchuL A fine species
apparently distinct from A, cervinus, Sdiseff.

WoBTHiireTOK 6. Smith.

BeBhrifning ofv&r en ny art af alagtet Spirogyra. [Description of a
New Species in the Genus Spirogyra.] Br 0. Nokdstbdt.

Appended to the enumeration of the Norwegian Desmidiea, noticed
at p. 89, the author adds a description of a new species of Spiro-
gyra :—

Spirogyra vehta, n.s., Nordstedt. — Sterile colls with truncate
ends, about 2-5 times longer than broad, chlorophyll-band single or
rarely double, spores 2^-6. Zygospores ovoid, ordinarily twice as
long as broad, furnished with 4 membranes, the first external,
presently diffluent, the second colourless, hyaUne, densely scrobi-
dulate, the third smooth, chestnut-coloured. Sporiferous cells
scarcely turgid, longer or shorter than the spores, not persistent
Germinating plant claviform, root-cell much elongate and attenuate,
apical cell gradually attenuate, with obtuse apex. Breadth of cell
29-37 m.num. Breadth of zygospore 37-48 m.m.m. ; its length 73-
88 (--150) m.m.m.

The author points to this form being easily and certainly distin-
guished from all species hitherto described by its peculiar zygospore,
surrounded by four membranes. In a number of Spirogyra-Bj^edeB it
is the middle one of the three spore-membranes which is coloured,
punctate or furnished with scrobiculsD, whilst in the species in
question the middle brown and smooth membrane is surrounded
by a white scrobicularte membrane like a veil ( ** sloja "). This
colourless membrane is not the outermost one, first originating
and quickly disappearing, for both can be seen at times simul-
taneously. The- author brought home spores in the beginning
of July, which germinated in autumn (Sept., Oct.). The membranes
of the spore-bearing cells were constantly destroyed in the germina-
tion, so that the spores came to lie free. The young plants were club-
shaped^ but rather more attenuate towards the top than in 8, longata,
Auct., and this gradual attenuation towards the rounded extremities
is retained and is very distinct in the first and all succeeding apical
cells. No inconsiderable number of more or less abnormal zygospores
were noticed constricted at the middle. W, Archbb.

23otamcaI !^tW^

AbTICLES m JotJBKALS.

2>n«. (December, 1873).— H. L. Smith, "On Siliceous Shelled
BacillarisB or Biatomaceae." — S. A. Briggs, **Diatomacea3 of the
Baltic Sea " (transl. from Flogel. Tab. iv.).— H. H. Babcock, '• Sup-
plement to Flora of Chicago and vicinity."

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BOTANICAL IfSWS. 1-6

Zmfk8a(Sept. 1873. T. xxxvii., pt. 6.)--0. Bockeler, ** Cyperacesd
in Berlin Herbarium" (contd.).— (Dec. 1873. T. xxxviii., pt 1.) —
T. Wenzig, •* EeTision of FomacecB." — (January. T. xxxviiL, pt. 2). —
T. Wenasig, " Kevision of PomacesB "(^^^O- — ®* Hampe, "New
Mosses from Madagascar."— O. Bockeler, " Cyperaoeae of the Berlin
Herbaiium " (contd.).

Nuovo €Hom. Bot. ltd, (31 Jan.). — A. Gatta, "Lichenum
Inferioris Italiae Manipulus." — J. TchistiakofP, " Development of Spores
and Sporangia in Polypodiaceae " (tab. 1). — " Beview of Commnni-
cations to Congresses of Italian Botanists " (contd.).

Febbxjabt.

GreviUea.—'UL. C. Cooke, "British Fungi'* (contd.).— W. A.
Leigbton, " On the Gonidial Zoospores of Lichens."— W. Phillips,
'' Thehcarpon intertMdiellumy Nyl. in Britain."

Bull, Bat. Soe. Frame (t. xix., Session Extraordinaire, 1872). — C.
Eoumegu^re, "Notice of Dr. J. L. Campanyo." — L. de Martin, " On
Botanical Geography of the Mediterranean Eegion of France." —
Unpublished Letters of LinnaBus, Oouan, Lamarck, and Acharius to
Lapeyronse. — C. Royer, " On Sleep of Flowers." — Ik., " Similarity
of young root in congeneric species." — D. Clos, "History of
Eyoscyamus Mu8 and ma/or, ^^ — S. des Etangs, "TrifoHation of
various opposite-leaved Plants." — ^M. Doumet Adanson, "Destruc-
tion of Z^riWo-forests in Corsica." — J. Duval-Jouve, "On a New
Species of Althenia " {^A. Barrandomi), — Husnot, " Bryology of
Eastern Pyrenees." — Reports of the Excursions of the Society in E.
Pyrenees.

Botanisker Notiser. — F. W. C. Areschong, " On the Anatomy of
Leaves."

Bot Zeitung, — A. de Bary. ** Protomyeea m%cro%poru9 and its
l^lies '' (tab. 2\ — E. V. ^anczewski, " Growth of the Root-point in
Phanerogams." — J. Wienner, " Influence of Light on Chlorophyll."

Fhra, — H. de Vries, " Review of Botanical Publications of
Holland in 1873."— M. Treub, " On the Chlorophyll Question."— W.
Nylander, ^* Animadversiones circa Spruce Lichenes Amazonicos et
Andinos." — J. Weisner, " Amount of Chlorophyll in Aerial Organs of
NeoUia I^idus-avis,'^ — F. Arnold, " Lichenological Fragments, xvi." —
J. Miiller, '' On the Conditions of Validity in Systematic Nomen-
clature."

Oesferr, Bot ZeitBchr. — L. Celakovsky, " On the Genus Trifolium*^
—A. Kemer," Distribution of Hungarian Plants" (contd.). — A. Val
de Li^vre, " Notes on JRanunculaeea, &c." (contd.). — W- C. Bochkoltz,
"On Seirpus supinua,^* — J, L. Holuby," Species of Scleranthm.^^ —
H. Kemp, "Supplement to Flora of Neighbourhood of Vorarlberg"
(contd.).

New Books, — E. Morren, " Clusia ; recueil d'observations de
teratologic v6getale" 1852—1874 : Li^ge.— 0. Brefeld, " Botanische

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126 BOTAKICAL NEWS.

Untersuohimgen (iber Schimmelpilze : Heft 2, Penicillium/' Leipzig,
15s., 8 plates.

The NymphtBoeetB collected by the late Dr. "Welwitsch in Angola
form the subject of a monograph by Prof. Caspary, distinguished for
his knowledge of that Order, published in the Lisbon " Jomal de
Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e !N"aturas" for 1873, No. 16. The
descriptions and synonymy are Worked out in great detail, and trans-
cripts of Dr. Welwitsch' s elaborate descriptive notes to each specimen
are added, with additional details by the autiior.

Pringsheim's " Jahrbiicher fiir Wissenscfaaftliohe Botanik*' fear
1873 contains three valuable memoirs. Pringsheim continues his im-
portant researches on the morphology and classification of the
Saprolegmea (with 6 plates) ; Hildebrand contributes a paper on the
anatomical structure and mechanism of elastic projectile fruits (with
3 plates), and Frank gives an account of the influence of light on ihe
bilateral symmetry of the twigs in Thuja ooddewtalia (with one
plate).

Mr. Serene Watson has published in the Proceedings of the
American Academy (vol. viii.), issued November, 1873, useful
revisions of the extoi-tropical North American species of the difficult
genera Lupinus^ Potentilla and (Enothera, In each we have a synop-
sis or clavis of species followed by detailed descriptions in English,
whilst the synonymy, laboriously worked up, forms a sort of appendix
with the species arranged alphabetically. The advantages of this new
mode of arrangement are not obvious. The whole bears the evidences
of thorough and satisfactory work. There are 56 species of Lupinus^
33 of Potentilla^ and 68 of (Enothera enumerated ; few new species
are described and are more than compensated for by the reductions of
others to synonyms or varieties.

" The Lens " is a Quarterly Journal of Microscopy and the allied
natural sciences, published at Chicago. It is edited by S. A. Briggs,
late President of the State Microscopical Society of Illinois. The
third volume commenced with this year. Each number consists
of seventy-six well-printed pages and occasional plates. Besides
strictly microscopical matter this Journal contains articles cm general
botany. The subscription is three dollars annually ; London agents,
Triibner and Co.

The fourth Annual Report of the Wellington College Natural
Science Society just issued contains a list of the plants of the neigh-
bourhood of tiLe College, including the additions, chiefly among the
grasses, made during the past season.

In the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club for December, 1873,
Mr. W. E. Gerrard gives diagnoses of seven new species of JFungi, all
from Poughkeepsie.

The Eev. J. E. Leefe has published the fourth fascicle of his
''Salictum Exsiccatum." It contains the foUowing^examples of
Willows: — 80. S. triandra, Curt, (received from Wobum as S.
Eiehmondiana), SI. JS. Helixy E. Bot. 82. S. nigrieam, Sm. 83.
S, hicoloTy Borr. 84. S, aquatiea, Sm. 85. 8. nigricam^ Fr. 86.
S. Smithtana, W. (non E. Bot.). 87. S. Waldstemiana, Forbes (non
WiUd. Eeceived from Wobum ; appears to be only another form of
S. nigricans^ Fr.)« 88. S. phf/licifolia, L. 89. 8. femsgineaf And.

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BOTAKICAL KEW8. 127

(Don E^ B'. 2665, nee Saliet. Brit. Bxdoc.). 90. S. linearU^ Forbes
(very closely allied to 8. inama, Sohrank). 91. S. rupestriif Don.,
Sm. 92* S. hohserieea, Willd. (received firom Wobum as 8. hetulifoUa).
93, S. nigricamy Bm. 94. 8. kippophaefoUa^ Thoill. 95. 5. nigricam.y
Fr. (leaves with oblique point). 96. 8. nigricans^ Fr., modiflcatio
rotimdifolia. 97. 8. Helix, E. Bot. (received as 8. glauea). 98. S.
wba^ma, Forbes, (received from Wobum, to which it was brought
from l^witzerland), 99. S, Doniana, Sm. 100. 8, phyliotfolia^ L.
{Ueohr, Koch). 101. 8, Smithitma, W. 102. 5. nigricam, Fr.
103. 8. ctnerea, L. {aquatiea, Sm.). 104. S. nigrieans, Fr. 105,
S, triandra. Curt.

Baron Yon Miiller has printed in the form of a small pamphlet his
observations on a collection of plants made by Mr. F. A. Campbell in
the !N^ew Hebrides and Loyalty Islands of the Pacific. The new
^ecies are Fittosporum Camphellij New Hebrides, GuilUnia novo-
ebudiea^ Santo, and Oastrodia orohanehotdea, Eramanga.

We hear that a new (the seventh) edition of Prof. Babington's
well-known '^ Manual of British Botany '^ is in the printer's hands and
likely to appear very shortly. The author has bestowed his usual
great pains in rendering the book complete up to date. As a field-
companion the '^ Manual " is still without any formidable rival.

Professor Baillon's very valuable and useM '^Monographies " con-
tinue steadily. The last part contains the Saxifragacm in which are
ineluded tiie PlatanetB^ considered by the learned author as the most
reduced type of the Order.

Mr. E. A, Pryor, <rf Hatfield, Herts, writes :— *' A re-issue of the
Supplements to the Herts Flora, with which will be combined the
additional matter collected during the last few years, is in contem-
plation. I shall be very thankful for any information as to the
segregates which have been brought into notice since that dote, now
almost twenty-five years back, of the original publication— of course
for transmission to the Rev. R. H. Webb."

Mr, Nicholson, of Kew, has in preparation a Wild-Flora of Kew
Gardens.

In the number for December last of the " Belgique Horticole " is
an enumeration by Prof. Morren of the known species of the
mteresting genus of Orchids, Mdsdevallia. It is illustrated with
three plates, one of which represents a new species if. myriosigma,
Morren, found in Mexico by Mr, 0. de Malzine.

Mr. James Collins, late of the Pharmaceutical Society, has requested
us to state that all communications to him are to be addiressed to '^ Per-
severance Estate, Singapore.*'

The death is announced at 0<»rdoba, on December 29thy of D. Jos^
Apolinario Nieto.

The great interest taken by the Fellows of the Linnean Society in
its internal affairs was evidenced in a satisfactory manner on March
5th, when perhaps the largest meeting of the Society ever brought
together attended at the invitation of the Council to consider " alter-
ations in the bye-laws.'* The chair was occupied by Mr. Bask, F.R.S.,
one of the Vice Presidents, who made a ccmciHatory speech, concluding
with the suggestion, founded on a resolution of the Council, that a
committee might be appointed by those Fellows who differed fix>m

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128 BOTANICAL KEW8.

the Council, to consider the bye-laws and to propose in writing; such
alterations as they thought desirable, and a promise that the Council
would give their report its full consideration. Mr. Carruthers. on
being appealed to, nccordingly move^^, ** That a Committee be appointed
to consider the bye-laws, and to suggest to the Council such alter-
ations, omissions, and additions as they may think desirable ; " and
this was seconded by Mr. Dallas. Both proposer and seconder
voluntarily and purposely abstained from any discussion on the points
at issue, being anxious only to secure harmonious action between the
parties in the Society. This reticence, however, there is good reaafon
to believe, led some Fellows, who were unacquainted with the merits
of the case, to suppose that the subjects of difference were of but slight
importance, instead of affecting fundamentally the structure of the
Society. Only in this way can we understand how it came to pass that
an amendment embodying a less amicable course of action, xirhich was
proposed by General Strachey and seconded by Mr. Breese, was carried
by fifty-seven votes against thirty-nine, a number of Fellows abstaining
from voting. This was to the effect, " That inasmuch as it appears that
there are differences of opinion in the Society as to the legality of the
alterations of the bye-laws made at the meeting of the 15th January
last: (1) This meeting, retaining complete confidence in the President
and Council of the Society, request them to obtain the opinion of some
legal authority whether those alterations are legally binding on the
Society or not. (2) That if the opinion be that the said alterations
are legally binding no further steps be taken in reference to them.
(3) That if the opinion be that the said alterations, or any of them,
are not legally binding, the Council be requested to take the neces-
sary proceedings for setting aside the vote of the 15th January.'* The
debate was throughout conducted with forbearance, the most curious
point being that the alternative expressed in the amendment seemed
to meet with the approval of the Chairman though it set aside the
suggestion of the Council which he had just read to the meeting, and
which Mr. Carruthers' motion was intended to meet. We tiiink the
decision of the majority is to be regretted ; it was made known to
the meeting that the opinion of two legal authorities of eminence had
been already taken as to the legality of tiie past proceedings, by certain
Fellows for their private satirfaction, and that these opinions were at
variance. Tinder these circumstances, which well illustrate the un-
satisfactory character of legal opinions on matters of this kind, ^e
Society might, we consider, have endeavoured to settle its own
affairs withm itself instead of officially appealing to the law. There
can, however, be no reason why the minority at the last meeting
should not still accept the Council's conciliatory offer and prepare for
its consideration a well-considered and consistent scheme for placing
the whole bye-laws once more in some intelligible harmony with the
diarter. The Council has promised to consider any such proposition,
and for the sake of the future well-being of the Society, which the
legal decision can in no way effect, we hope that some such action
wUl be taken. The meeting did not separate till a resolution had been
passed — proposed by Sir J. Lubbock, seconded by Mr. Carruthers—
expressing the sense which the Society felt of the long and eminent
services rendered to it by the late President, Mr. Bentham.

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129

4^n0hud %ttidt0.

A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF WILLIAM SHERARD.

By B. Datdok Jackson, F.L.S.

« Gonsal Guliblmus Shbrabdub, agnomine apad Botanioos Maoihjs, dam
iDun vitam, seipsam & omnia sua Bei Herbarisd oonseorayit, immortalem apud
Botuiioos obtinuit gloriam, quae perennabit virens & florens dam viyect & florent
plaatsB." — Zinnaus, Sort, Cliff, dedie.

The whole life of William Sherard was so intimately connected
with that of the leading men of science in his day, that a compre-
hendye account of his career would be an epitome of his times. The
exigencies of space, however, forbid more than a sketch of his life, de-
signed to correct certain errors which appear in all the accounts that
baye come under my notice, apparently copied from one book to
another, without reference to the sources of iirformation, and to supply
Mtheiio unpublished facts, which I have been fortunate enough to
obtain. In addition to a careful collation of all printed materials
within reach, most valuable information has been derived from the
Sloane MSS. in the British Museum, which contain nearly eighty
letters from Sherard himself, and many more from his contemporaries ;
from five volumes of letters to Sherard from his numerous friends,
numbering about 620, preserved in the library of the Royal Society ;
and from the Sherardian collection, and the Register of Fellows of St.
John's College, at Oxford. I have to thank the Rev. James Bellamy,
B.D., president of the College, for his kindness in transcribing for my
nse all the passages in the College books relating to Sherard ; Professor
Lawson for facilities afforded for inspection of the Sherardian relics ;
and the Council of the Royal Society, for permitting me to peruse the
above-mentioned correspondence.

William Sherard was bom at Bushby, a small village in Leices-
tershire, on Tebruary 27, 1658-9, being the eldest son of George
Sheerwood, or Sherwood, gentleman, by Mary, his second wife, both
of whom died at an advanced age. John Ray at this time was thirty-
one years old, and whilst Humanity Reader and Mathematical Lecturer
at Trinity College, Cambridge, was diligently working at English
Botany, and the first result appeared the following year, in the " Cata-
logus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium." Sherard was
educated at Merchant Taylors' School, and in 1677 was elected to
St. John's College, Oxford, where he took his degree of B.C.L. on
December 11, 1683. The same day appears an entry in the College
Begister to this effect : *^ Mr. Sherard obtained permission to travel
beyond the seas for five years, the leave commencing from 22nd
December.*' There is no record of when he became a Fellow ; it may
H.s. VOL. 3. [mat, 1874.] K

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130 ▲ SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF WILLIAM 8HERASD.

have been, and probably was, when he was elected, as the Law Fellows
iinderwent no probation.

A book published in 1689, entitled ** Schola Botanica," and which,
in spite of some opinions to the contrary, is certainly from Sherard's
pen, gires some incidental information as to his foreign occupations.
"We find by the preface that he passed the years 1686, 1687, and
1688 in Paris, where he studied botany under Tournefort, and that
in the summer of the last year, he spent some time in Leyden with
Hermann, who permitted him to make the freest use of his plants
and manuscripts.

In November, 1689, he returned to England, and made a fresh
application for leave of absence from his College. In the Eegister we
read as follows : — " January 6, 1690. Mr. Sherard having returned
before the completion of the five years, leave was granted him to
travel again till he has completed the five years, provided he begin
his journey within two months from this date." May 17, of the
same year, howeVer, found him still in London, whence he writes to
Dr. Richardson, of North Bierley, in Yorkshire, "Mr. Ray's
'Synopsis' came out yesterday.*' It is probable that this wasttie
attraction which kept him in England, it being a well-known fact
that the printing was protracted. The same letter states that, ** Dr.
Plukenet has the promise of the place at the King's Garden. If so,
I believe I shall go into Ireland with Sir Arthur Rawdon within this
two months." This gentieman was then nineteen years of age, and
had been sickly in his boyhood ; probably Sherard was engaged in the
double capacity of tutor and friend, the latter afterwards looked upon
his stay at Moira, County Down, as more than three years wasted,
besides £180 lent to Sir Arthur, which remained unpaid so late as
1717. Early in 1694, he must have been back in England, since he
communicated a list of Continental plants to Ray's " Stirpium extra
Britannias Sylloge," which could not be inserted in the proper place,
on account of the contributor's absence in Ireland.

He proceeded to the degree of D.C.L. on June 23, 1 694, and on the
13th of the following month occurs this entry in the College Register,
from which we have already quoted : —

"July 13, 1694. Whereas the Lord Bp. of Vinton* hath
interpreted the statute concerning the five years of leave granted to
Travellers, and given his opinion that another five years may be allowed
to the same Person, and accordingly a second five years after y* ex-
piration of the former leave has been granted to Dr. Sherard, it is
agreed that the remaining part of y* second five years be granted him
to travel, he undertaking to fulfil all the conditions required by the
statute, and particularly to return at the expiration of the five years,
Provided that he. begin his journey by the end of August next."

It was possibly about this time that he made a tour on the Con-
tinent as tutor to Charles, Viscount Townsend ; at least I am not in
a position to confiJrm or deny Pulteney's statement (Sketches, vol. ii.,

♦ Dr. Peter Mews, Bishop of Bath and Wells 1672—1684, whence he was
translated to Winchester, which he held till 1706. He, also, was educated
at Merchant Taylors' and St. John's, Oxford.

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A SKBtCH OF TBI UWE OF WHXIAK SHUtAKD. 131

p. HI) on this head. In Febiruffy, 1695, he was busilj engaged on
Hermann's MSS., which resnlted in the publication of the ^* Paradisus
Batavus," for the benefit of the widow of the deceased piofessiMr, the
preface being dated Apiil, 1697.

On June 13, 1695, Wriothesley, eldest son of Lord William
Bnssell, who wa^ executed in 1683, was created Baron Howland, on
the occasion of his marriage, when fourteen years old, to one of
the greatest heiresses of the time, the only daughter of John Howland,
of Streatham, Esq., after which << he travelled into France and Italy.''
Sherard was the companion of this youthful bridegroom, and must
have started even before the granting of the patent, to judge fropi the
dates of certain letters from the Hague. One of these gives an
instance of the help which Sherard freely rendered all his life to needy
authors, enabling them to bring their works before the world. Speak*
iog of a new work of Boccone's he says : '^ Had I not subscribeii for
50 copies, and fiimished him part of y* money before hand, it had
not been printed." After passing through Holland, we find Sherard
at Borne in October, 1698, whence they travelled to Kaples, and six
HMMiths later they had arrived at Venice. A report of Toumefort's
death greatly distressed Sherard, who hoped to visit his old preceptor
and Mend on their homeward journey : he did not discover the un-
tmthfalness of the rumour for some time. The ensuing summer
fwind him back in Eome ; where he says, " my L* is rec"* here w** all.
^ bon" psdd to souverain Princes, never any Englishman was so
treated before, w** creates a great deal of trouble in receiving and
paying formal visitts." His spare time was spent in searching for
books wanted .for himself and friends at home. Whilst staying in this
citjhe seems to have first seriously contemplated what afterwardbecame
the dominant object of his life, namely, the continuation of Gaspard
fiaohin's *' Pinax" (1623), by the incorporation of all subsequent syn«
onymy and discoveries, Toumefort being the instigator of the work.

The journey through France must have been rapid, since in
September he writes from Paris, expecting to be home in three
months time, in all likelihood he actually returned about the middle
of December, 1699, having been absent more than three years* His
pupil succeeded to his grandfather's title and estates, as second Duke
of Bedford, in September, 1700. The dates here given do not corre-
spond in adl. cases with those supplied by Pulteney and Smith, the
latter in attempting to correct the former sometimes falls into equal
error in an opposite direction.

In 1700 Sherard was appointed tutor to Henry, second Duke of
Beaniiort, who had in the previous year succeeded his grand&ther in
his title. His charge was amiable enough, but without the slightest
liking for anything save ** horses, doge, and sport." Sherard stayed
hefe about two years, until his Grace was eighteen, busy getting new
seeds and plants for the garden, in which the Dowager Duchess took
the keenest interest, and which then stood second to none in the Idng-r
dom, and helping Bay, now in a weak state of health, to revise his
MSS. for the concluding volume oi the '^ Historia Plantarum," to
which he contributed ** over a thousand plants." A part of his addi*
tions in his own handwriting is preserved in the Botanical Depart-^
n^t (ji the British Museum.

X 2

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132 ▲ 8X8TCH 01 THS LIFS .OF WILLIAM SHERAIU).

The following year lie went back to the beginning of his " Pinax,^
and somewhat altered the arrangement, having found the task
grow so much under his hands as to compel him to enlarge his original
plan. His duties at Badmington ended that autumn, upon which he
came to London, and by the influence of friends, was given the post
of Commissioner for the Sick and Wounded and for Exchange of
Prisoners, together worth £300 per annum. He did not long retain
this position, since about May, 1703, he was appointed Consul at
Smyrna, and left England shortly after, as he thought, ** probably
for life,*' arriving at Constantinople the first week of November en
route for his new sphere of action. His Eellowship had been forfeited
the April preceding, through his having completely exhausted the
patience of the College authorities by non-residence, as at that time the
statute requiring continual residence was strictly enforced.

In consequence of the difficulty and risk of communication in
those days, the letters throwing much light on his consular life are not
very numerous. In 1705 he had been pleasantly employed on the
" Pinax," but botanising he found difficult, " rogues swarming even up
to the gates of Smima, and no venturing but with a large party."
Toumefort had warned him of this, and the prevalence of fevers and
sickness, in words curiously like those just quoted. In the latter
part of the summer of this year he visited the six other sister churches
of Asia Minor, and copied many inscriptions, which were afterwards
published by the Rev. Edmund Chishull, B.D., of Walthamstow, some^
time chaplain at Smyrna.

During the whole of this time he was diligently acquiring coins
for certain antiquarian Mends at home, the Earl of Portland being
one. Botanical work was still prosecuted, but with some difficulty,
letters often taking six months in their transit from Smyrna to Eng-
land, and shorter distances a proportionate time. On one occasion he
lost £50 worth of books in a slupwrecked vessel, which loss it took
more than a twelvemonth to replace. By May, 1711, he had worked
np all his available materials, and was fairly at a standstill for vrant
of books from Europe. About this time he bought a country house
and garden attached, at Sedi-Keui, a small village seven miles E. S.E.
from Smyrna, but according to his own account he seldom went
thither. Eorty years later Hasselquist visited the spot, but saw no
trace of any care which might have been expended in laying out the
garden. The same summer Sherard was able to take a journey, to
which he had looked forward for some years, namely, by the sea coast
to Halicamasso, hoping to find a rich reward in many new plants. To
his great disappointment, however, he brought back only about a
dozen. The poor result from this trip, toge^er with the difficulty
of intercourse with other botanists, discouraged his ardour in this
direction, and he actually decided to abandon the study, considering
that for five-and-twenty years past he had contributed more growing,
plants and seeds to public and private gardens, than any other person
whatever, and having been a drudge so long, he had fairly earned his.
quietus. He now turned his thoughts solely to antiquarian
pursuits, and soon found he had expended more than £300 on
coins ; but in 1714 he lost upwards of 600 " medalls,'* which were
stolen whil0t he was at his country house, a loss which he could not

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"^1 SKETCH OF tHI UTS OF WILLIAM SHIBAKD. Idd

kpe to repair. His nnmismatic leaning thus checked, he again re-
verted to his old love, partly perhaps on hearing that his brother
James, who was seven years his junior, had taken up ** simpling."
In March, 1714-5, Sherard writes to him, saying that he intends re-
turning to Europe before long ; that he is packing up his books, and
cannot therefore intend staying long after their despatch, although he
does not hope for a better position, or a more enjoyable climate in
England than that at Sm3rma, yet he longs for his brother's com-
panionship, and finally begs him to get certain British plants from some
old correspondents. In response to an application from the Eoyal
Society, he sent a ftdl account of the mode of inoculation for small-
pox, as practised in the East. Abandoning a proposed journey to
Libanus on account of his age, he quitted Smyrna eitiier at the end of
1716 or the early part of the following year, after an official residence
of thirteen years, being now fifty-six years old.

His intention was to proceed to London without delay, but an
epidemic happening to break out on board the vessel which was con-
Teying him, he was carried to Leghorn, there to undergo a tedious
quarantine. These events induced him to spend the summer on the
Continent, reaching Paris by September, whence he travelled to
Holland, getting to London about Christmas time, 1717. Sir J. E.
Smith states CRees' Cyc, Art. Sherard) that on his return to Eng-
land he was made LL.D., a title he certainly afterwards used (see list
utend), but of this we can find no confirmation. In all probability it
was the form then used for his degree of D.C.L., which he took, as we
ime seen, twenty-five years earlier.

The remaining portion of his life was spent in complete devotion
to his cherished pursuits, and in constant correspondence with his
Tery large circle of friends. He was elected F.ILS. in 1718, and his
name appears on the Council list for 1719 and 1720. James Sherard
bad by this time amassed a considerable fortune, and was thinking of
gradually withdrawing from business cares; it was not long after •
tiiat he settled upon Eltham, as the most desirable part for his country
residence, and purchased the manors of Evington and Settle, in his
native county of Leicester.

By the month of March, 1721, "William Sherard had resolved to
bring in the skill of the celebrated German botanist Dillenius (who
after publishing his first book, had been compelled to relinquish
botany, and resume the practice of medicine for his livelihood), to
help in perfecting the " Pinax," the magnum opus of his Hfe.

Ih May therefore he started for the Continent, and visited Yaillant
at Paris, who, completely worn out by his indefatigable labours, was
rapidly sinking, and in a pitiable state of distress, fearing lest his
labours should never see the light, and the fruit of thirty-six years'
toil be lost. Sherard induced Boerhaave to purchase the MSS. and
Aubriet's drawings, thereby bringing comfort to the dying Yaillant,
who quietly ptussed away in the foUowing year, with a mind completely
set at rest. Continuing his journey, Sherard was mistaken by a
peasant for a wolf, as he was creeping on the Alps in search for
plants, and narrowly escaped being shot. He returned to England in
September, bringing Dillenius with him ; the '* Pinax " was, however,
ioiipeded by a misunderstanding between Sir Hans Sloane and Sherard

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134 A nOETOH 07 THB UFC 07 WILUAK ftSIEABD.

ivith regard to the use by the latter of certain collections made hf
Plukenet and Petiver. Dillenins however found scope for his acquire-
ments, by editing a new editicMi of Bay's ** Synopsis,'* working upon
it early and late, and only interrupted by having to make drawings
of the various plants which came into flower at the Eltham garden,
and occasionally taking a day to hunt for mosses and Fungi. The
Eltham establishment was now ^^ superior in many respects to the
King's Garden at Paris," and was unequalled as a private garden
anywhere ; later on, plants were freely contributed from it to Leyden,
and other public institutions.

I^erard for a few years after his return from Smyrna lived in
lodgings in Barking Alley, overlooking the graveyard of the Church
of All Hallows, Barking ; and although unwell during the summer
of 1722, he was able to work assiduously at the " Pinax." At thejend
of May 1723, he started for Holland, intending to buy Kiggelaer^s
Herbarium, whidi he found not worth to him the price demanded ;
he spent some time with Boerhaave at Leyden, determining the plants
of the " Index Plantarum quee Lugd. Bat. aluntur " for his " Pinax ; "
and inspecting the drawings and descriptions for Yaillant's ** BotanicoD
Parisiense," ttie arduous task of reducing which into order for pub-
lication devolved upon Boerhaave. The next year witnessed the publi-
oation of the third edition of Ray's " Synopsis," edited by DilleniuB,
and in a postscript Sherard tells Richardson (April 25, 1724) : — " Br.
Boerhaave has printed Vaillant's ^Botanicum Parisiense'; that is
the Catalogue he used to carry out with him ; and designs to publish
his criticisms, &c., with noble cuts, in folio. The occasion is, young
Dr. Jussieu was putting out a new edition of Toumefort's ^Plants
about Paris,' and his brother having had a copy of Vaillant's, it is
thought he will give the additions as his own, to prevent which the
Doctor has published this as a * Prodromus.' " In the autumn of 1724
Sherard took a house on Tower Hill, at the comer <^ Barking Alley, a
few doors from his old quarters, hoping by having more room at his
command to be able to arrange his collection in better form. About
this time the coolness between Sherard and Sir Hans Sloane ended in
an open rupture, which stopped the adjustm^it of some of Petiver's
and Plukenet's synonyms for the ** Pinax." In August 1726 Sherard
" gave £600 towards enlarging the Conservatory at Oxford " ; " also a
great number of curious Plants, and a Botanic Library of Books "
(probably his duplicates), having previously visited the place and
prevailed upon the authorities to provide better accommodation, upon
the promise on his part to bequeath his Library and Herbarium
Another flying visit to Holland, and the last, was made in the middla
of 1727. December of the same year witnessed the reconciliation of
Sherard and Sloane. On the deatii of Sir Isaac Newton, Mr. Martin
Folkes was proposed as President, but "Sherard exerted himscdf activel j
on behalf of hu quondam associate, who was ultimately elected to the
Presidential chair, which he occupied for nine years. This behaviour
of Sherard resulted in the Sloane Herbaria being lent to him, who
was still engaged on the work begun twenty-eight years b^ore,
although by this time his health forbade him to expect to see the com-
pletion of his toil.

The dosing scene of Sherard's active life can be best described bj

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A tXlXCH OF THE UFl OF WILLIiLX SSSSABD. 186

the following -extract from a letter written by Dillenius to Dr.
fiichardson, dated August 13, 1728 : —

" When the Consul lay at Eltbam, I was obliged to be often there.
. . . but since he came to town, I stayed with him, and attended
him continually to the last moment he dyed, which happened last
Saturday, between one and two in the morning, of a marasmus. He
18 to be buried next Monday at Eltham, from lids house here [Tower
Hill]. He has settled all his affairs, and left his collection to the
University of Oxford, if they pleased to find a sum for the garden in
six months' time : if not, the executors, Mr. James Sherard and Sir
Richard Hopkins " [his brother and nephew], *^ are to take care and
find a place for it. He hath been so kind as to nominate me his first
Professor for lifetime, and to enjoy the yearly revenue from now, in.
order to take care of the Collection, and to carry on and finish his
'Pinax.'"

This letter was written the Monday following his death, which
took place, according to the newspapers of the time, early on Sunday ^
llih August. No doubt to the anxious watcher the early morning
of that day would seem more like Saturday night. The date giyen in
Rees* Cydop. and Pulteney's "Sketches," vol. ii., p. 149 (August
12), is clearly wrong. He was buried in Eltham churchyard, on
Mopday, August 19, in the c^t where he himself wished, and
vhich had been'chosen by James Sherard for his own grave, without
wangle line to mark the place where his ashes rest.

Sherard's will, made in the preceding April, and proved ^^ prima
^nensis Augusts* according to the date on the instrument, besides
tie bequests mentioned in the extract just given and sundry gifts to his
^ticms, mentions bequests of " £ 1 00 and his silver watch to Dillenius,
and £160, household furniture, and other effects, to his housekeeper,
^^ Alanson."

During the delay which occurred befwre these intentions of Sherard
<5ould be carried out, Dillenius was commissioned by James Sherard
to write the '< Hortus Elthamensis." Time was thus taken up which
niight have been occupied on the mat^iak amassed by the deceased
^nist ; and the result was that the '* Pinax," though mentioned many
times in the correspondence of the next few years still remained
«afinished at the death of Dillenius in 1747. The MS. is preserved at
Oxford, and consists of 126 parts, varying in thickness ; in one case as
many as thirteen sheets of extra paper were inserted atvarious periods
during the progress of the work. Dillenius made use of a portion in
preparing his ** Historia Muscorum." In the Sherardian Library of
ni(»e than six hundred volumes, are copies of Bauhin's **Pinax,"
1623 fmd 1671 ; a third copy of the latter edition being interleaved
and bound in two volumes, with abundant additional notes, and was
probably the early attempt, m^itioned at p. 181. His books are
Bingularly clean and free from notes, a marked exception being a copy
*of Joncquet's ** Hortus Eegius," which may have served as ground-
work for the " Schola Botanica." Amongst the rarities must be
i^ckoned aeuperb copy of Eudbeek's " Campi Elysii," the first book,
^thout colophon, but probably the most complete copy extant,
linnaeus remarks of this work that scarcely ten copies of tibe second
^k, and only three of the first escaped the ccmfiagration at Upsal,

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136 X BMWiQR.OV IHB LIFE OF WILLUM SBXEAXD,

:(rhich destroyed the impresrion, and most of the woodblocks for it.
PritzePs description (n. 8825, ed..L) was taken from this copy.

Sberard occupied a high place amongst the Botanists of his time ;
his intercourse with the leading men in the science, both at home and
abroad, was intimate and frequent ; he was generous, even to excess,
in distributing seeds and dried plants, an uiiailing patron of deserv-
ing natundists, and crowned his useful life by the bequest of his
library and herbarium, the most authentic and one of the largest at
the time, to the University of Oxford, with the endowment of £3000
for the Professor of Botimy. Whilst we cannot admit him as the
equal of his contemporaries Ray and Toumefort, who originated sys-
tems,- yet the services he rendered to Botany, at a period termed by
LinnsBUs '' the Golden Age," must make his name as lasting as the
Science.

He possessed a good knowledge ' for the time of cryptogamoui
plants, and the acuteness DiUenius displayed in this branch was a
strong link of attachment between them.

The name Sherardia was given by three different botanists about
the same time to very different plants : first by Vaillant, in 1718, to
eight species which he separated from Verbena^ but which linnaeos
subsequently reunited to it ; then by Pontedera, in the same year, to an
exotic shrub, Oalmia afrieana, Linn. ; finally by DiUenius, in the
appendix to the second edition of his '' Catalogus circa Gissem " (1719).
This was the genus adopted by Linnseus.

A list of the works \e either wrote or edited, in part at least, may
fitly close our sketch. We exclude those to which he merely contributed
information, such as Ray's ** Synopsis," and " Historia," as otherwiae
the list would be found to include almost every important work pub-
lished during his middle life, his name being gratefully mentioned
in the prefaces of a large number of books.

I. ScHOLA. BoTANiCA, sivo Gatalogus Plantarum, quas ab aliquot
annis in Horto Regie Parisiensi studiosis indigitavit Vir clarissimus
Joseph Pitton Taurnefart, D.M., ut et Pauli Hermanni P.P. Paba-
nisi Batavi Pbobbomts, in quo plantae rariores omnes, in Batavorum
Hortis hactenus cultas, & plurimam partem a nemine antea descripts,
recensentur. Edente in lucem S.W.A. Amstelsedami, apud Henri-
cum Wetstemium, 1689. (Pritzel, ed. i., no. 10983 ; see also 4393.)

Pour copies of this work are in the Library of the British Museum.
In the copy formerly in the possession of Sir Joseph Banks, following
p. 301 are two leaves which are not included in the pagination, and are
absent from the other three copies. The first page of these interpo-
lated leaves reads thus : — ** Schola. Botanioa, ut et Pauadisi Batavi
pBODKOMirs. In quibus recensentur plantae omnes, quae in Parisien-
sium, Londinensium, Batavorum, aHorumque celebrioribus Europe
Hortis coluntur. Edente in lucem Simone Wabtono Anglo. Amstelss-
dami, apud Henricum Wetstemium, 1689." The work is described*
from this copy by Dryander in the Catalogue of the Banksian Library
thus :— '* S.W. ISimon Wabton) &c. (Cat., vol. 3, p. 106. London,
1797.)"

In the following year another work appeared upon the plants
cultivated in the Leyden Garden, entitled: — " Florae Lugduno-

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A SKETCH or THX UFS OF WILLIAM SHSSiBP. 137

Batay® flores ; sive enmneratio stirpium horti Lugdono-fiataTi methodo
BatarsB vestigiis insistente dispositamm et anno 1689 in lectionibas ^
expositamm a Paulo Hermanno^ nunc vero primum in Incem editaram
opera Lotharii Zumbach. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1690. (Pritzel,
n. 4394.) In the list of authorities quoted by the author, are two as
follows : — " Par ad. Bat» Pauli Hermanni Paradisi Batavi Prodro-
mus. Editus in lucem a Simone Warthon Anglo." '* Sckol, Bot
Pans. Tumef. Schola Botanica Parisiensis Josephi Pitton Toumefort.
Edita in lucem a Simone Warthon Anglo." iVb^. — The pseudonym
has in the above been altered from Warton to Warthon.

Ray's Library was sold 11th March, 1707-8, when the work is
described as ^' Sherrard's Schola Botanica, Amst., 1648 " (the date is
a misprint). M. Lautier, in a life of Toumefort, prefixed to the
latter's "Voyage du Levant," .Amst., 1718, says, speaking of the
Paris Garden, <* Un S9avant Anglois, qui s'est donn6 le nom de Simon
Wharton^ en a public une partie sous le titre de Schola Botanioa, swe
CatalogtLS Plantarum, Sfc, J'ai vu un Ezemplaire de ce Livre, o^ M.
de Toumefort a corrig^ & ajout6 plusieurs choses de sa propre main,
& m^me il y a marqu6, que le veritable nom de cet Anglois ^toit
GuiUaume Sherard"

After the death of Toumefort, the secretary of the Academy, Fon-
tenelle, wrote an account of his life, and speaking of the works of the
deceased systematist, he says: — " Schola Botanica," &c., 1699 (a re-
print). *' Tin Anglois nomm6 Mr. Simon Warton, qui avoit 6tudi6
troisans en Botanique au jardin du Broi sous M. de Toumefort, fit ce
Catalogue des plantes qu'il y avoit v^es." (Eloge sur Toumefort,
tme 1, p. 160. 1731.) Seguier, following Lauthier, writes thus : —
"Shbraedfs [^Oulielmusl Botanicoram Princeps vocatus Schola
Botanica," &c. " Samuelis Whartoni nomine editus, illi tribuitur.
Vid. Whartonum." (Bibl. Bot., p. 182.) " Whabton [Samuel^
vel potius Gulielmns Shebakdus, Schola Botanica," &c. (Id., p. 211.)
Hallerfollows in the list of authorities thus : — ** S. W., sive Samuelis
Whabtow, Schola Botanica. . . . Amsterdam, anno 1689,12°*, 1691,
12**, 1699, 12°- « Alii G. Sherard tribuunt." (Bibl. Bot. i., 643.)
" S. Whabton edidit ex Schedis Hermanni sibi communicatis Leid»
anno 1689, 12<»*. (Id. i., 637.)

Finally Sir James Edward Smith contributed the following in his
article on Sherard in Bees' Cyclop., vol. xxxii. : — " He is universally
believed to have been the author of a 12mo volume, entitled Schola
^o^i^a, published at Amsterdam in 1689, and reprinted in 1691
and 1699. This is a systematic catalogue of the Paris Garden. Its
prefece, dated London, JS'ovember, 1688, is signed S.W.A., which the
Prench writers have interpreted Samuel Wharton, Anglus . . But as
no one ever heard of such a botanist as Wharton, and the preface in
question displays the objects and acquisitions of one of the first rank,
who could certainly not long remain in obscurity, the above initials
are presumed to mean William Sherard, to whom alone, indeed,
with or without a signature, that preface could belong." S. (Sir James
Edward Smith) in Bees' Cyclopsedia. London : 1819. Vol. xxxii.
Article, Sherard.

II. PABADIST7S Batavtts, coutiuens plus centum plantas affabrd

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138 ▲ 8KBTCH OF IHB LIFB 0¥ WILLIAM BHCEABD.

aere incisas & descriptionibus illnstratas. €ai accesait Catalogus
Plantarum quas pro tomis nondum editis, delineandas ouraverat
Faulus Hermannus, M.D., in Aoademia Lugduni-Batava nuper
Medicinae ac Botanices Professor. Opus posthumum. Lugdani-Bata-
Yorum, impensis Yiduae, apud Ahrahamum Elzeviery AcademisB Typo-
graphum, 1697. Edited, and the Preface written, by William Sherard.
This fact strengthens the argument, if it were needed^ for his autiior-
fihip of " Schok Botanioa." (Pritzel, n. 4396.)

III. BoTANicoK PARisiEirsE ; on d6nombrement par ordre alphab^-
tique des plantes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris, &c. . . . par
FeuM. Sebastien Yaillant. A Leide & ^ Amsterdam, 1727. Edited
by Herman Boerhaave ; for William Shsrard^s connection with this woric
vide ante. (Pritzel, n. 10622.) Note. — A smaller work entitled
** Botanicon Parisiense, Operis majoris prodituri Prodromus " (Pritzel
10621), was issued by Boerhaare, in 1723, who feared lest some of
Yaillant's notes might be 'appropriated by Bernard de Jussieu in the
second edition of Toumefort's " Bostoire des Plantes.'' Paris, 1726.
(Pritzel, n. 10384.) See p. 134.

lY. " The way of making several China Yamishes sent from the
Jesuits in China to the Great Duke of Tuscany. Communicated by
Dr. WiUiam Sherard." Phil. Trans., vol. xxii., p. 625 (1700). It
has been suggested that the information was gained by the author
whilst in Eome witii his pupil, the Duke of Beaufort.

Y. " An account of the siarange efPects of ihe Indian Yamish.
"Wrote by Dr. Joseph del Papa, physician to the Cardinal de Medioes,
at the desire of the Great Duke of Tuscany. Communicated
by Dr. William Sherard." The writer's name is incorrectly spelled by
Pulteney, vol. ii., p. 144, as Fossa. Phil. Trans., vol. xxii., p. 947
(1701).

YI. " An account of a New Island raised near Sant^ Erini in the
Archipelago, being part of a letter to Mr. James Petiver, F.R.S.,
from Dr. W. Sherar^ Consul at Smyrna." Date of writing July 24,
1707 ; the news came to Smyrna from the English Consul at Milo.
Phil. Trans., vol. xxvi., p. 67 (1708). Reference given by Pulten^
(vol. ii., p. 146) incorrectiy as Phil. Tr., vol. xxii., p. 67.

YII. " An account of the Poyson Tree in New England* By the
Honourable Paul Dudley, Esq., F.R.S. A farther account of the
same tree. By WiUiam Sherard, LL.D., R S.S." Phil. Trans, vol.
xxxi., p. 147 (1721).

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Oir THX ALOIKl. SICTIOH OF THB eEKUI TOBTULA. 139

ON THE ALOIC^A SECTION OE THE GENUS TORTULA.

By W. Mtttek, A.L.S.

Thb discovery of Torttda hrevirostris in Derbyshire makes a most
interesting addition to Hie Britisli Flora which thus includes all the
known European species belonging to the small group named by 0.
Mueller Aloina. This group, consisting of the species just named,
T, brwirostrte, T. rigid^a^ T, ambigua and T. aloidcB^ aU now well-
known and established, is remarkable for the curious formation of the
leaves, which by most of the older muscologists were supposed to be
nerveless, although tiie nerve is now knbwn to be present in all the
species. The history of this group is full of interest to the British
brydogist, for three of the species will, I trust, after the conaderations
I shall o£^r, be shown to have been first distinguished by our country-
men. That this circumstance has been so* long overlooked is partly
due to the great mistakes made in arranging tiieir synonymy by the
authors themsdves, who probably but incompletely grasped the value
of their distinctions, which we, profiting by their experience, as well
as by their errcffs, are enabled more exactly to comprehend;
«nd partly to anotiier cause. The publication of the ** Bryologia
EuropsBa " of necessity compelled the authors of that work to do the
kst they could with cases in which the synonymy must have appeared
ineitiicable, and obliged them to cut the knots they could not disen-
tangle, eventually obtaining by the splendour of their additions to
%ology a general acceptance of their solution of the difficulties. A
conspicuous instance of this is afforded by T, amhigua and by T*
irwirostrisy which last now stands in Schimper's ** Synopsis " as T,
hrmrosirisy Bruch et Schimper, a new creation, distinct from the
original species so named by Hooker and Greville. Avoiding the
confusion of the synonyms, which it must be remembered arose when
the presence or supposed absence of the nerve in the leaf was a prime
distinction, it is more easy to investigate tiie history of the group by
commencing with the first known species Bryum rigidum acaulonf
atUheris ereetis cylindriois, foliis patentihua linearibm oonvexis rtgid/iB^
Hudson, Fl. Aug., 477. This description exactly applies to T,
mhigua, and to that alone, no other European species having an erect
cylindrictd capsule. It is the Bryum rigidum of Dickson, whose
specimen marked by himself is by me ; it is also Hed wig's T. rtyida,
St. Crypt, i., t. 25, whp says, ** certissimi facti sumus speciminibus ex
Anglia aoceptis," I.e., p. 67. But whether it is the T. rigida of the
firs^ edition of the ** Muscologia Britannica " (1818) may be doubtful,
for the capsule is figured too elliptic, and the operculum too short ;
indeed, it seems as if the drawing of the capsule had been infiuenced
by "some specimens which we have received from Sweden"
which " have the leaves so broadly ovate and obtuse as to be nearly
rotundate, yet we do not think that they can be more than varieties "
(Muscol. Brit., ed., i., p. 30). In this remark is clearly indicated
the as yet latent T. hreviroatrUy which has its capsule nearly of the
form figured in the tab. xii. ; the possibility of a mistake of this
kind being made is very easily accounted for, as all our four specie

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140 ON THB ALOIVA. 8BCTI0N OF THf. OEIHJS TORTULA.

were at that time included in the same. By the time, however, that
the second edition of the "Muscologia" appeared, in 1827, we find
that Hooker and Greville had already, in Brewster's ** Journal of
Science *' (1824), distinguished from the original T, rigida two other
species, their T, enervia and T, brevirosiriSf both figured in the sup-
plementary tab. ii. of the **Muscologia." The first, T. enervia, is
described with its operculum thus : " lid conico-acuminate, rather
shorter than the oblong capsule," and with Sir W. Hooker's accus-
tomed fidelity to nature, the figure gives a good representation of the
operculum with its slender beak as usual in T. aloidesy quite different
from that of T. rigida^ Schultz, to which T. emrvis has always been
referred.

The second species, T, hrevtrostna, may have been figured from
the before-mentioned Swedish specimens, a portion of which 1 have ;
but the importance of the relative length of the operculum not being
yet duly estimated, the description says: "lid conical, scarcely
beaked, half the length ot the oblong capsule " (Muscol. Brit., ed ii.,
p. 53). So that it would appear that a capsule of T, rigida, Schultz,
was in view when the description was written, although the figure
has the operculum properly only one third the length of the capsule.
A similar error has occurred in the " Bryologia Europaea " (Barbula,
tab. ii., his), where in the otherwise beautiful figure of T, hrevirMtris^
all the capsules with opercula have that part as well as the peristome
represented as it is in T, rigida, Schultz, as may be seen by looking
at the figure of that moss in tab. i., and the similarity of the error in
the difference between the description and the figure is again observ-
able in the description of the 'Bryologia" where the capsule is
" oblonga erecta pperculo triple breviore," whilst it is figured equal
in length to half the capsule; very different, from Sir W. Hooker's
figure in the ** Muscologia," which faithfoUy represents the true
species.

Mr. Holmes, to whom is due the credit of having restored to the
British Flora this some-time lost moss, received his specimens from
Mr. E. George, who gathered them on a wall at Buxton with mature
fruit in August. He has zealously pursued the subject to its source,
re-examined the specimens in Dr. GreviUe's Herbarium, and found
the original specimens gathered near Edinburgh by Stewart to be
really T, hrevirastris, thus showing that "Wilson must have been
misled by the confusion of specimens of T, rigida Schultz with T,
hrevirostris, which would appear to have afterwards occurred in Dr.
Greville's and possibly other Herbaria. In Drummond's '*Musci
Americani," vol. i., no. 136, very fine specimens of T. hrevirostrii
only are preserved in a copy I received from Sir J. Richardson, but in
another copy the greater portion of the specimens are T. rigida,
Schultz, and Professor Blytt sent the same species in mixture under
the name of T. brevirostria, from Christiania. It may be mentioned
that T, brevirostria and Jk rigida, Schultz, are more like to each
other than they are to T, ambigua or T, aloidea, the distinction in the
inflorescence having been more recently discovered.

Eemembering that Hooker and Greville possessed the Swedish
specimens, there cannot be the least doubt afber looking at the figure
in the *' Muscologia," that they had the species we now call T, brm-

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^

ON THB ALOUfk SECTION OF THE OBVUS TOE^ULA. 141

rottm, in view as well as ourselves, and there is no necessity to follow
Sehimper and abrogate their claim to the discovery of the species, or
to consider the '' Bryologia Europaea " Moss a discovery of more
recent date. Dr. Greville's specimens being in part T. rigida^
Schultz, has also another bearing which must not be overlooked, for
if Hooker and Greville mistook T. rigida Schultz for British
examples of their T, brevirosiris, it can hardly be possible to suppose
that their T. enervis described and figured at the same time and place
could be identically the same species, yet this supposition has been
generally accepted !

Previous to the second edition of the " Muscologia," Schultz, in
the "Nova Acta" (Bonn, 1823), had described and figured the
species which he took for T. rigida and to which his name has since
been appended, but which we now know was not identical with Hed wig's,
nor does it agree with Hudson's description, for it has a capsule which
always tapers towards its mouth. TMs species was not, therefore, an
old species re-established, but in fact a new creation, distinct enough
from the original 71 rigida, and instead of having so long been left
in the usurpation of the name of the original T, rigida^ Huds., should,
although Schultz did not himself quite clear his species from all
danger of confusion with its allies, according to the usual course have
been re-named T. SchuUzii,

No farther contribution to the history of these Mosses appears
tobave been made by the authors of the ** Muscologia," the species
being enumerated with the same names and characters in the second
Tolwne of Hooker's "British Flora," part i., published in 1833. In
the "Bryologia Britannica " the nomenclature adopted in the " Bryo-
logia Europaea" has replaced that of the " Muscologia," T. enervis
and T. rigida being reduced to synonyms, whilst T. brevirostris is
banished from Britain.

In 1863, Lindberg published his exhaustive review of the nomen-
clature of the European Tortula and Trichostoma, restoring to Hooker
Mid Greville the first distinction of T, brevirosfris, and changing the name
of T. rigida, Schultz, to that of T, sUllata, Schreber, El. Lips. (1771)
thus distinguished : — " capsula oblonga, pectine spiralis ; operculi
cuspis capsula fere longior" a character which applies best to T,
Mdes, firstly, because it has the longest operculum ; and secondly,
because the slender calyptra which closely embraces the beak, and
descends only to the base of the operculum, adheres to and generally
falls off with it, and thus might have been overlooked by Schreber as
the operculum only ; in T, rigida of Schultz, the operculum is too
short and the calyptra quite different ; therefore it is impossible to
agree with his observation, ** E notis supra citatis" — referring to
Schreber's description — ** prseclarum mihi est banc speciem sed nul-
1am affinem a Schrebero, I.e., descriptam esse. lUud nomen tandem
H)ecificum, rigida, non minus quam quatuor speciebus (T. aloidii,
(mhigua, brevirostri, et stellata) datum, est maxime confasum et abusum
ut e scientiis ejici optime debeat." To which it must be answered
firstly, that Schreber' s description indicates T, aloidea ; and secondly,
that the terse and exact description of the original T, rigida by
Hudson certainly never gave rise to the confusion made by those who
came after him. It is noteworthy that Lindberg, so careful and exact

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142 SB NOTi. ASPLBNn SPECIE.

as he usually is, has referred the T. rigida of the ** Muscologia,"
tab. 12, to 11 aloidw without any comment on the figure or descrip-
tion, both of which forbid it, if carefully examined.

DE NOYA ASPLENII SPECIE
scEiBiT Heneicus F. Haitoe.

Asplenium {EuaspUnium) ccmohiale, sp. nova: — rhizomate breyi
paleis nigris setaceis yestito, stipitibus 2-5 poll, longis tenuibus anga-
lato-subcompressis glaberrimis ebeneis. nitidis infeme pilis glandulosiB
femigineis mox deciduis tectis, firondibus densis 2-4 poUicaribus mem-
branaceis circumscriptione triangulari-lanceolatis acuminatis infeme
bipinnatisectis supeme pinnatisectis segmentis primariis sensim apicem
versus decrescentibus approximatis petiolatis oblongis obtusiusculis
patentibus infimis deflexis segmentis secundariis 3-7-jugi8 e basi
cuneata obovatis yel oblongis obtusis inferioribus pinnatipartitis
superioribus pinnatifidis v. dentatis, rachi per dimidiam longitndinem
ebenea dehinc yiridi baud elevato-costata, yenis inconspicois simpli-
citer fnrcatis marginem segmentorum yix non attingentibus, soris
extremitates segmentorum secundariorum occupantibus l-S-nis,
indusiis latiusculis membranaceis margine repandnUs palHdi yirenti-
brunescentibus in parenchyma hand productis, paraphysibus nuUis.

In muro yetusto intra terminos magni monasterii, ad Ting ii shan,
secus fluyium Si kiang s. West Riyer, provinoia Cantonenais, legg.
Sampson et Hance, d. 17 Julii, 1872. (Exsicc. n. 17756.) Filix
satis pulchra, ab A. varianti, Hook. & Grey., A, pekinmsi, Hance
(quae ambo sub nomine A. sepuichralis perperam confudit beatos
Hooker), itemque ab aUisejusdem agminis speciebus, A.fontanOf'BerDh.f
A. incisoy Thunb., A, Imceolato, Huds., cet., jam, lamina frpndis
pyramidata* stipiteque ebeneo, prime obtutu optime distincta. A
stirpe japonensi, A. iolidoy Kze., a clar. Baker prime comparata—
utrum recte secusne nescio — quam yero posterius cum A. s^9idchruli
(nomen maximopere confusum, prorsus ambiguum, ac sane omni jure
rejciendum !) potius jungendam censuit yir lectissimus, statura, stipitis
colore, totaque firondis architectura penitus diyersa. Hujus enim
proxima necessitudo cum A. laserpitiifoUoy Lam., et affinibus yix
neganda; quam sententiam jam professus est cl. Kuhn, felicisfflmus
pteridologus, si, ut opinor, haec est A, Wtlfardu, Mett.f

Oblata nunc occasione, hie animadyertere cupio genus HypoUpu
duMf quod in disponendis filicibus Hongkongensibns (Joum. Linn. See.
Bot. xiii., 139) admisi, mihi nunc melius edocto minime conseryandum
yideri. Kam, species occurrunt nonnullsB — y.c. Hypolepit nuda^
Mett. — ^in quibus sori prorsus nudi, nee lobulo frondis mutato ac
reyoluto yelati, inyeniuntur, quae tamen a genuinis nullo pacto segre-

• Ambito, minime' tamen indsuTB, nostra non male refert A, pinnatijidtim,
Natt

t Gonl qu» de hisce alio boo jamdudum aoripsi (Jooxil linn. Soa ziil,
M).

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KOBTH AMIKICAK 8PBCIE8 07 CHXILANTHB8. 143

nnd» snnt. Ita dilabitor primaria, Tel potias quidem sola nota
diagnostica; nee, profecto, a speciebas rnnltis e grege Aspidiorum
nudisoronim a Tariis atictoribus inter Fhegopterides collocatis, habitu
onmino abhorrent Hypolepides in genere ; juxta quae, igitur, me judice,
stationem in systemate poscnnt.* Genus Athyrium, quod, vestigia
defimcti Mildei presso secutus gressu, restituendum credo, non tantum
adndsit nuperrimns Filicum classificator, cl. Bommer, sed etiam ab
Mpleniis tribu nltro segregavit. Auctor iste, csecus, at crederem, in
re critica, vel saltem Inscus, in systemate plane proprio dignissimi
Frofessoris Mettenii, pteridograpborum procid dnbio longe meritissimi
ac peritissimi, nihil aliud invenit quam dispositionem bonis diagnosibus
instnictam !f

ON THE SYNOITYMY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES
OF CHEILANTHES.

Br J. G. BiLZEB, r.L.S.

I HAVE gone through Mr. Watt's notes on this matter, p. 47, with
the following result. (It will be observed that he does not raise any
question as to the limitation or alliance of the species, but simply
as to the names which three plants admitted alike by Eaton, himself,
and myself should bear.)

1. With reference to this it seems quite clear that, as he points
out, the specific name lanosa has a year's priority over the received
one of vestita, Vestita is the one that was first published under the
genus Cheilanthes , but I think we are all pretty much agreed in ferns
DOW to take up the oldest specific name independent of genus. If
this be done my only hesitation in the matter arises from the fact
that Mr. Moore (Index Filicum, p. 245) states that Michaux's
synonym applies in part to Mr. Watt's third species, and calls that
Cheilanthe8 lanosa, Moore. We have no type of Michaux's plant at
Kew. If we call the present plant lanosa we must therefore write
C, lanosa. Watt non Moore.

2. Here the question of name rests upon the point of whether
the United States Bradlttrii be really identical with the plant de-
scribed earlier by Link from the Berlin garden under the name of
tomentosa. Kunze identified the two, and I have accepted the identi-
fication on his authority without ever having had a chance of veri-
fying it upon authentic specimens on my own account. Of NothocMcena
tomentosa of Desvaux I know nothing except that it stands as a
name without a country in Desvaux's Catalogue of 1827. We have

* Cfr. MetteniuB Fil. Hort. Bot Lips., 80 ; ejusd. lib. Fhegopteris 13. adn. ;
msd. Fil ind. et iap. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. L.-B. !., 221 ; Hook. fil. Handb.
N. Zeal. FL, 361, 881 ; Grisebach FL Br. W. Ind., 667 ; Kuhn Fil. Afric, 120.
Qui Hypol^dem pro genere agnosount ii WTnilem Ca^mo(ioii<» dignitatem invita*
tantum jnstitia denegent.

t «Cette dassification eat shnplement rSduite ^ de bonnes diagnoses.'
(Bommer Monogr. de la olaise dee Foug^res, 69.)

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144 ON TH£ FLOKl OF THI TOBKSHIBB COALVIILD.

not John Smith's plant in cnltiyation at Kew now, but I expect "the
Nothochlana tomentosa figured in Lowe's Ferns, vol. i., t. 16b, is this,
and do not see from the plate any reason why it should not be iden-
tical with the States plant, and turning to Foumier's recent mono-
graph of Mexican ferns do not find that he knows any C. tomentosa
as a Mexican species. I incline still to follow Kunze unless Mr.
Watt can show that he is wrong.

3. I am not aware of any publication of Mr. Watt's name lanuginosa
earlier than 1864, whilst gracilis goes back, as Mr. Watt shows, to
1850-2. Riehl's publication is simply a set 'of specimens with printed
tickets. We have one ot the sets laid into the Kew Herbarium, but I do
not find in it this Cheilanthes, At any rate F6e's figure is a very good
one, and quite settles the question so far as the plant intended by him
is concerned. There is an earlier Cheilanthes gracilis of Kaulfuss which
is our Pellaa Stelleri, Probably it was on account of this that Eaton
did not take up the name gracilis.

ON THE FLORA OF. THE YORKSHIRE COALFIELD.
By F. Aenold Lees, F.L.S.

The difference between the flora of the district overlying the
coal measures of Yorkshire and that of the adjacent millstone grit
tract is not very great. It is not so much a difference in kind as (so
to say) of degree. Many of the species found upon the grit-stone are
thinned out ; that is, all are more conspicuous by their absence than
by their presence ; and others which might be considered characteristic
of the argillaceous shales of the coal beds, as certain species are of the
limestones and sandstones^ do not supply their place.

If any plants seem to flourish with compensating luxuriance in an
attempt to hide the ugly blue-grey and dripping ledges of shale, the
thin-cropped ^elds, and the ubiquitous railway embankments of the
country included within the towns of Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield,
Bamsley, Normanton and Leeds, they are the Charlock, Seraeleum^
Tussilago^ Ragwort, Hieracium horeale, Foxglove, Zinaria vulgaris,
and Equisetum arvense, with Convolvulus arvensis (in parts) in the
open ; Tanacetum, Petasites and Alder by the slower.river banks ; and
in the woodlands Lychnis diurna^ Allium ursinum, the Hyacinth and
Pteris for a carpet, Birch and stunted Oak for the shelter, and
unfruiting Hazel for the undergrowth.

Water plants are naturally but little affected by the conditions
determining the variety of land ones, so that we find over the York-
shire Coalfield the paucity of hygrophilous species not quite so
noticeable. Many familiar ones, of the lowland rural districts,
amongst these are no doubt wanting, and such as Hyd/rocharis have
always been so ; but/a consideration of levels will partly explain the
absence of these ; whilst a still greater number (especially such as
love clear water) have been eradicated within a comparatively recent
period, much in the same way as the trout and pike, through the
multiplication of factories, dye-houses, tanneries and bleach works.

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OK THB FLOUA OF TUB TOBKSBI&S COALintElD. 145

poisoning their element with dyestuffs, tanpit refuse, chloride of lime,
&c. Still I see no reason for doubting that many of the present
absentees — the batrachian Ranunculi^ the Water-Lilies, Cerastium
4iquaticum, the Siums^ Helosciadiums, and (Enanthe JUtuloaa, Bidem
eemua, Lystmachia thyrsiflora, Iris Fseudaeorus, and perhaps Symphy-
turn officinaUy for instance— did exist indigenous before commercial
industry came to destroy them, and one or two of those species named
probably survive in some solitary comers still. I know more than one
spot where Butamm and IrU existed up to within a very few years,
but have now completely disappeared. Yet some noteworthy ones
remain even yet. The handsome Sayittaria, Aliama FlantayOj Lycoptu^
Carex acuta and Aeorus (this last probably introduced, but now
flourishing) may be found Mnging many of the inky rivers and canals
of the coal country ; and Hippuris, CeratophyUum, Potamoyetan
pusillus linger here and there in mill-dams and reservoirs, with plenty
of SparyamUMf Veronica Beccabunya, and Mentha aquatica in water
cuts and ditches.

Throughout the coalfield area there is a woeful dearth of Orchids —
such common ones as Zistera ovata, and Orchis maseula are almost un-
known, and even 0. maculata is rare. The Snowdrop and the Daffodil
occur in a few woods where they have been planted, but are quite
Aliens in the district, and in the opinion of many competent observers
in the flagstone tracts about Bradford and Halifax too : the plants are
of the double or garden form, and not of the depauperate wild one.

The plants enumerated can hardly be called distinctive, seeing that
they equally occur on the gritstone, most of them, perhaps the Fox-
glove least, on the limestone as well ; and I am not aware of a single
q)ecie8, even an accidental rare one, which is found only on the
carboniferous strata of our coalfield. A more uninteresting botanically-
barren district, for lack of any but the commonest and hardiest plants,
it would be difficult to point out. On the gritstone high lands,
sameness of vegetation though there be, a clear bracing atmosphere
around, and a springy turf underfoot are eucountered : on the coal
measures little enough of either. In brief, the coalfield flora may
fairly be said to consist of the same plants as occur on the gritstone,
minus fully a third, and these the less universally distributed species.

As to the reasons for this, and for the floras of the limestones, I
quite think with Dr. Willis (p. 11) that the differences mainly depend
upon the physical peculiarities of the surface soils resulting from the
mechanical constitution of the strata beneath, whilst still believing
that some few (though not nearly all of the xerophilous class) have a
preference for Hme ; if not for silicates or carbon, in the soil, as a
chemical necessity of existence. I think a brief consideration of the
kind and properties of the various rocks will show this.

The calcareous tract to the east is formed by the Permian mag-
nesian beds composed of hard nodules interlayered with friable marls,
non-absorbent, retaining moisture only in a small degree, but allowing
it to riin off quickly ; and having in consequence a warm, dry, rich
soil above it, in which flourishes the richest flora of any West York-
shire district.

The north-western hill country of Craven is made up of the
Yoredale and Scar-limestone strata, dyajeoyenous (to borrow Thur-

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146 ADBITIOKS TO THB BBITI8H LIOHBN FLOBA.

mann's convenient tenn, used by Mr. Baker in his " North Yorkshire ")
in a less degree than the last, compact and non-absorbent, yet
permeable in mass because honeycombed with holes and fissures,
leaying the soil above it light, warm and dry. Its flora is very rich
too, though partly through the accident of presenting altitude enough
for many xerophilous plants with a montane restriction.

Setween these two formations as to geographical position, north
of the coal district, the great masses of gritstone are at the surface,
occupying an intermediate place as to porosity and absorbent quality
between the mountain-limestone and the coal shale ; with a flora
from which certain of the limestone species have been cut of^ but
replaced in part by others, such as the Bowan tree, Geranium
prateme, Myrrhis^ Foxglove, the Heather, and numerous Ferns,
flourishing with such peculiar vigour as to constitute them charac-
teristic plants. This gritstone rock is &ageo§enous^ but varies some-
what in quality and behaviour under disintegrating influences. In
the part north of the Aire to Brimham, where it forms compact masses,
it is less absorbent, and has a drier, sandier soil above it (in which the
Beech and Elm, and Scotch Fir flourish well) than in the southern
half where the flagstone predominates, and a colder more humid soil
obtains, with a poorer flora and more stunted vegetation, in which Fir,
Beech and Elm do not succeed.

Lastly, as the surface rock of the coal measures we have the
shales and clays oS. various constitution, but all of them very
absorbent, and superimposed in such a way that water percolates
through them the least readily ; and being retained results in a cold,
heavy, wet soil, with the most meagre flora of any part of the
Riding.

We have, then, over the coalfleld tract all the lithological charac-
teristics tending to restriction of species intensifled to the most
extreme degree, thus alone accounting in great part f(Mr the corre-
sponding reduction in the variety of plant life. I have limited
myself to consideration of phanerogamic forms, of course ; for with a far
greater majority of the lower ones. Mosses, Lichens, &c., damp is an
essential of healthy life, and consequently these are in great abun-
dance in the gritstone and cosdfleld glens, and comparatively fewer
both in species and individuals in the dry calcareous districts. We
thus see that the plants (flowering and flowerless) of the coal districts,
are such as prefer, or are most indifferent to, cold and damp shade,
and heavy wet soil.

RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH LICHEN FLORl.

By the Rev. J. M. Cbombib, F.L.8., &c.

IT.

In addition to those recorded in this Journal, 1873, p. 132, as
having been detected in Great Britain since the publication ©f Mr.
Leighton's Lichen-Flora, the following species and varieties, amongst
several other new ones not yet described, have now to be recorded.

1 . CollemoptUFlotoviam (Hepp. Flecht., No. 92). On chalk pebbles
in a pit near Gomshall, in Surrey, sparingly (Crombie) ; closely allied

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▲DDinOVS TO THB BBin8H UCRWK WWtJL 147

to, if in reality distinct from, C. Sohareri (Mass), with wbioh it was
associated.

2. Collema myrioooeoum^ Ach. Syn., p. 316. Amongst mosses on
old walls in varions places about Cirencester ( Wm. Joshna) ; common,
but with the apothecia seldom well developed.

3. C. jmlpoaum^ var. ptdposulum, Nyl. ^gypt., p. 1. On the
canal wall at Cirencester (Joshua) ; probably to be detected elsewhere.

4. C. cheileumy var. monoompon, Buf. in Nyl. Syn., p. 111. On
earth of old walls near Cirencester (Joshua) ; the specimens seem
sufficiently typical.

5. C. sul^ltcattlej NyL in Flora, 1873, p. 364, nomen (not C.
plieaHley Arn). On the top of a wall, Appin, Argyleshire (Crombie) ;
sparingly gathered, but perhaps not rare in similar districts.

6. .Ramalina seopulorum^ var. incrasiata^ Nyl. Kamal., p. 69. On
maritime rocks, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; no doubt to be detected on other
of our rocky coasts.

7. R^ euspidata, var. erassa (Del.), Nyl. Eamal., p. 61. On mari-
time rocks near Penzance (Cumow) ; and at Jersey (Larbalestier).

8. Nephromium suhtomnetellum^ NyL Lapp. Or., p. 116. On the
tnmks of old ash-trees at head of Loch Awe, Argyleshire (Crombie) ;
probably to be regarded as a distinct ^ecies £rom N, lavigatum.

9. Peltigera mdaeea (Ach. Syn., p. 240). Amongst mosses on the
tnmks of old trees at Inv^rary, Argyleshire (Crombie, August, 1878) j-
perhaps not uncommon in the 8. W . Highlands and other mountainous
tiactB in the W. of Britain.

10. Sohrina bispora, Nyl. Syn., p. 331. On earth in the crevicet
ofrockBy Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirtbn); but probably not a distinct
species from S. saceata, var. ImhatUf Smmrft.

11. Squamarta saxioola * albo marginata^ NyL in Sallsk. pro F. et
H. F. Not. xi., p. 181. On decayed mosses upon a wall near Lewes,
Sussex (Crombie) ; sparingly gathered, but no doubt to be detected
elsewhere ; perhaps a distinct species.

12. PUtoodium cirrochroum (Ach. Syn., p. 181). On limestone
walls near Stavely, Westmoreland (Martindale) ; not very rare, but
always infertile.

13. P. Agardhianum, Hepp Flecht., No. 407. On {rocks, Llany*
mynech Boll, Shropshire (Leighton), and on walls near Cirencester
(Joshua).

14. Lecanora diwoloram, Nyl. in Flora, 1868, p. 347 {LeddeadU*
color, Hepp Flecht, No. 319). On day slate walls near Stavely^
£endal (Martindale).

15. X. milvina (Whlnb. in Ach. Meth. Suppl., p. 84). On rocks,
Yale Castle, Guernsey (Larbalestier), and near Penzance, Cornwall
(Gumow) ; no doubt also on other of our rocky coasts, being probably
overlooked as a state of L. sophodes or exigtca,

16. Z. torquata (Ft. S. O. Y., p. 284). On maritime rocks,
Aldemey (Larbalestier) ; and like the preceding probably to be
detected elsewhere in similar habitats; not to be confounded with
Leddea rivuloia, which at first sight it somewhat resembles.

17* Z./ugiefUf Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 289, ip,n. On dry maritime
rocks at Bozel, Jersey (Larbalestier). N. B« L, aeiaa, Nyl., I.e., p.
290, is only a young state of X.. Ealfiii (Salw.); fid$ NyL in litt

L 2

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148^ ADDinoKS xa thb British lichbn floba.

18. L, ipodophaiza, Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 290, sp.n. On granite
rocks, Mont Orgueil, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; not nnlike some states of
L. spodaphaay Whlnb., but belonging to the section of X. erysihe,

19. Z. ladea (Mass. Symm., p. 26, sub Aapuilia). On walls near
Cirencester (Joshua); not uncommon, but with thallus rarely well
deyeloped, closely allied to Z. erysihe.

20. Z. eJdorophofodes, Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 290. On rocks,
Yale CaSwle, Guernsey (Labalestier) ; allied to stibventosa, but differing
in the colour of the thallus and of the apothecia, in the shorter
spermatia and other characters.

21. Z. umhrina * Zostera (Ach. 8yn., p. 158). On the dried
leares of JSbstera marina at La Moye, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; referable
to this species, and not as formerly regarded a var of Z. dubfusea,

22. Fertuaaria ureeolata, Nyl. Pyren. Or., p. 70, 8p,n. On waUs
at La Moye, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; very sparingly.

23. Lecidea atro-purpurascena^ Nyl. in Flora, 187S, p. 294, apM.
On the bark of an old oak near Lyndhurst, in the New Forest
(Crombie) ; apparently extremely rare, only a single specimen having
been gathered ; and subsequently sought for in vain in that neighbour-
nood.

24. Z. subspharoidea, Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 294, ip,n. On a
young beech tree near Lyndhurst in the New Forest (Crombie) ; very
sparingly.

25. L. perobscwra, Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 9, «p.». On old pales
near Killin, Perthshire (Crombie) ; and probably to be detected else-
where in the Highlands.

26. Z. spodtza, Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 9, ^.n. On old fir pales
near Killin, Perthshire (Crombie) ; a species allied to Z. demgrata
and Z. $podode$,

27. Z. hemipoUoideSy Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 294^ sp,n. On rocks
at Rozel, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; allied to Z. areentina * h&mipoUa^ Nyl.

28. Z. ewrneo-glauea, Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 295, sp,n. On sili-
ceous rocks at Eozel, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; very rare, and only a
single specimen with apothecia gathered.

29. Z. herbarum (Hepp, Stiz., Lecid,. nadeilf,, p. 46). On the
ground amongst rocks in a ravine at Sark (Larbalestier) ; rare.

30. Z. Bt^neompta * oribata, Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 16, tubsp.n.
On schistose soil of Ben Lawers (Dr. Stirton).

31. Z. Wah-othii (Tnl. sub Scuttda), NyL Lapp. Or., p. 150. On
the thallus of Solarina aaoeata passing into /. Umbata in Glen Lyon,
Perthshire (Crombie). Is Z. epipkorbiaj Stn., referable to this or to
Z. Meeriif Hepp., as his brief description rather imports?

32. Z. botryizoy Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 10, Bf.n. On schistow
soil of Ben Yoirlich, Perthshire (Dr. Stinton); allied to Z. boifyocar-
pa, NyL

38. Z. ealigans, Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 10., ap,n. On maritime
rocks in the idand of Aldemey (Larbalestier) ; but very sparingly
gathered*

34. Z. Bootinodeiy Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 295, 9p,n. On micaceous
boulders of Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole (Crombie) \ rare, and oily a
single specimen met with.

35. Z. eavUiguella, Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 295, sp.n. On quartzose

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ESP^CBS irOTTTBLLIS DU QBNBB BirTBBOGABPUS. 149

atones in gravelly places near the summit of Morrone, Braemar
(Crombie), very sparingly gathered.

36. Z. confmd&rans, Nyl. I.e., p. 296, sp.n* On bare exposed
quartzese boulders of Morrone (Crombie) ; apparently a very distinct
aod beautiful species.

37« Zf. 8arco0noides, Hrb. S. L. G., p. 252. On granitic mari-
time rocks at La Moye, Jersey (Larbalestier), and no doubt to be de-
tected elsewhere in Britain.

38. L. deludens, NyL in Flora, 1875, p. 295, 9p,n. On quartose
stones on the summit of Cairn Gowar, Blair Athole (Crombie) ; ex-
tremely rare, allied to L. colludeM, Nyl.

39. Z. mbgyratula, Nyl., I.e., ipM. On stones amongst detritus near
the summit of Morrone, Braemar (Crombie) ; allied to Z. nucleonatula.

40. Z. aquata (Ach. L.U., p. 171), Nyl. in Flora, 1868, p. 347. On
maritime granite rocks near Penzance, Cornwall (Cumow) ; sparingly.

41. Z. perstmilis, Nyl. in Sallsk. pro F. et FL F. Not., n.s. i.,
p. 237. On Jungermannia upon Ben Lawers and at Cahlochan, For-
farshire (Dr. Stirton).

42. Z. vemicomay Tuck. Enum. Lich. N.- Amer., Suppl. i., p. 429.
On stones, Fliquet Bay, and at La Moye, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; very
closely allied to the saxicole state of Z. myrioeOfrpa, DC.

43. Z. delimisy Nyl. in Flora, 1873, p. 297, sp.n. On granite at
Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey (Larbalestier) ; very rare.

44. Z. aulvwidds, Nyl., Lc, sp.n. On siliceous rocks at Noirmont,
Jersey (Larbalestier) ; belonging as it would appear to the section
oiL. arthoniza,

45. Z. lutidafa, Nyl., I.e., sp,n. On stones in Eozel meadow,
Jersey (Liarbalestier) ; sparingly gathered.

46. £,, affinis^ Schaer., Enum., p. 132. On mosses at Morrone,
Braemar (Crombie), and no doubt to be detected elsewhere in the
Highlands ; var. melina (Kphb.), Nyl. Nov. Gran. 2, p. 72. On mosses
upon Ben Lawers (Dr. StiTton)=Zecidea didt/mospora, Stm.

47. Arthonia astrotdestera, Nyl. in Flora, 1874, p. 1.3, sp,n. On
tiie bark of hollies near Lyndhurst, New Forest (Crombie and Larba-
lestier) ; but very sparingly,=^. armoricana^ Cromb. Enum., p. 103,
Leight. Lich. FL, p. 401.

48. Tkehcarpon intermedtellum, Nyl. in Flora, 1865, p. 260. On
old leather in a field near Shrewsbury, Shropshire (W. Phillips).

ESPECES NOUVELLES DU GENRE DIPTERO CARPUS.

Pak M. Vbsqub.

(From the "Comptes Rendus,'* 1874,2 Mars, torn. Ixxviii., pp. 625-627.)

1. D. fagineuB, — Ramosus, ramis ramulisque gracilibus cortice
fasco vestitis, novellis velutinis ; foliis ellipticis vel lanceolatis, acutis
vel acuminatis, basi cuneatis, obscure sinuatis utrinque glabris, subtus
costa petioloque pubescentibus ; gemmis conicis paTvis villosis ; race-
mis axillaribus 3-flori8 ; calycis fructiferi tubo pyriformi 5-co8tato,
laciniis auotis lanceolate oblongis obtusis trinerviis.

Folia 6-9*" longa, 3-4 lata, petiola 2*"longa; calycis fructiferi

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150 mphms kouyklles btj oistraM dxptebogabpits.

tubus l*6-2*"longU8, 1*5 latus, lacinieB auctae 6-8*" long«, l*6-2*
httse. — Borneo (Beccari, no. 3008).

2, D. stenopterus, — Ramis gracilibus, novellis pubescenti-hirsutis,
gemmis oblongis yelutinis ; foHis elliptico-lanceolatis acuminatis basi
cuneatis yel rotundatis, supra laevibus subtus fuscescentibus glabris,
petiolis villosis ; racemis axillaribus 8-10-floris hirtis ; calycis fhicti-
feri tubo pruinoso fusiformi 6-costato, costis acutissima basi eyanes-
centibus, laciniis auctis lineari-spathulatis vel lineari-oblongis tri-
neryiis nervis basilaribus yix ad alam mediam evanidis.

Folia ad 20°°* longa, 7-8«" lata ; petiola 2-3~ lohga ; calycis fructi-
feri tubus 2°" longus, 8"*" latus, laciniae auctsB 9^ longae. — Borneo
(0. Beccari, no. 3762).

3. 2). nudm, — Ramis gracilibus glaberrimis ; foliis ellipticis vel
oboyato-eUipticis acutis basi attenuatis yel cuneato-rotundatis utrinque
glaberrimis ; petiolis laeyibus ad hmbum tumidis, racemis axillari-
bus et terminalibus ad 5-floris, calycis finictiferi tubo cylindrico 5-
costato glaberrimo, costis plus minusye prominulis acutisque, laciniis
auctis oblongis obtusis trinerviis.

FoHa 12-14"" longa, 5-7*® lata ; petiola, 3*5-4'" lata, calycis fmc-
tiferi tubus 2-5-3*" longus, 1-1'5"" latus, lacini» auctae 9-10"*longaB,
1-5"" latsB. — ^Borneo (0. Beccari, no. 2905).

4.^ J). acutanguluB, — Bands glaberrimis gemmis oonicis tan-
tum hirsutis, foHis oyatis yel rotundatis obscure sinuato-K^renatis
plicatis, subtus neryulis tenuissimis transyersis, petiolis glaberrimis,
racemis axillaribus 3-4-floris ; calycis fructiferi tubo 5-gono glaberrimo
costis acutis, laciniis auctis lineari-oblongis trineryiis.

Folia ad 10*" longa, 6-7*" lata, petiola 3*" longa ; calycis fructiferi
tubus 2*" longus et latus, laciniae auctsB 12.15*" longae, 8*" latae.—
Borneo (0. Beccari, no. 2913).

5. D. genieulatfM, — ^Ramis cortice cinereo lenticellisque oblongis
yerrucosis ; foliis ellipticis yel oboyatis obtusis, basi rotundatis yel
subcordatis, supra glaberrimis, subtus ad costam tantum puberulis ;
petiolis glabris transyerse fissis ad limbum geniculatis tumidis;
gemmis cinereo-yelutinis ; racemis axillaribus 3-floris tomentoso-yelu-
tinis, calycis fructiferi tubo medio 5-costato costis laeyibus yix promi-
nulis ; laciniis auctis oblongis basi trineryiis neryis secundariis ad alam
mediam eyanescentibus.

Folia 11-13*" longa, 5-7*" lata, petiola 4-5*" longa ; calycis fructi-
feri tubus 1-5-2*" longus; 1-5-2*" latus; laciniae auctae 10-12*"
longae, 2*" latae. — ^Borneo (0. Beccari, no. 3034).

6. 2). Zemesleu — ^Ramulis annotinis petiolis pedunculisque yelu-
tinis ; foliis oyatis acutiusculis basi rotundatis sinuatis yel undulatis
supra ad costam infeme pubescentibus, subtus neryo medio yenisque
primanis pilis stellatis pubescentibus, racemis axillaribus 5-7-floris ;
calycis fructiferi tubo oyato alato, alis rectis, laciniis auctis oblongo-
lanceolatis basi trineryiis neryis secundariis ad apicem eyanidis.

Folia 15-20*" longa, 8-12*" lata, petiola ad 5*" longa ; calycis
fructiferi tubus 1-5*" latus, 2*5*" longus; alae 5-8"" latae; lacinia
auctae 10-13**** longae, 2*" latae ; crescit in insula Pulo-Condor. (Lemesle,
no. 594.)

7. D. stellafiM. — Ramis geminis petiolisque hispidis, pilis fesci-
culatis; foliis magnis oyatis subcordatis plus minusye acuminatis.

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ESP^BS KOimCLLVS DXJ OUrBB DIPTBaOOARPUS. 151

sapia nervo medio venisque primatiis yillosis, subtus renis primariis
nenrulisqae reticulatis pilis stellatis breyissimis subvelutinis ; racemis
axiilaribus subglabiis S-floris; calycis fruotiferi tubo cylindrico
glabro 5-alato, alls subondulatiSy lamiit aaotis oblongis trineryiis
glabenimis.

Folia 2G-25~ longa, 12-15!" lata. Petiola 4-5*" longa ; calycis
fructiferi tubus 5-6*' longus, 2"* latus, alae r5** latae ; laciniae auctaa
14-16*" longae, 3-4*" latae.-— Borneo (0. Beccari, nos. 2555 et 2907).

8. JD. unduIaUu.^^Folna ovatis iutegerrimis plicatis nends seoun-
danis supra impressis subtus valde prominentibus, petiolis ramis
jnnioribus gemaiisque conicis subobliquis pube ciuereo yel nigrescente
vestitis ; calycis fnictiferi tubo globose 5-alato, alis latissimis sub-
membranaceis quam maxinie transverse contorto-undulatis ; laciniis
auctis oblongia trinerviis tenuibus vel membranaceis pilis brevissimis
stellatis inspersis.

Folia 22-28*** longa, 13-14*" lata; petiola 4-5*" longa; calycis
tubus cum alis 3-3*5*" latus; laciniffi auctae 12-14*" longae, 8*" latae.
—Borneo (0. Beccari, no. 1267).

9. 3. Beccarianm, — Eamis glabris ; foliis rhomboidalibu& acumi-
minatis basi cuneatis utrinque glabenimis ; petiolis glabris ; gemmis
conicis dense villoso-serioeis ; calycis fructiferi tubo urceolato sub
Kmbo yalde constricto obtuse 5-goho glabro ; laciniis auctis obovato-
oblongis obscure trinerviis valde reticulatis.

Folia 12-14*" longa, 7-9*" lata ; petiola 3-5*" longa ; calycis fructi-
feri tubus 3-4*" longus, 3*" latus; laciniae auctae 15-17*" longae, 3-5*"
iatiB.— Borneo (0. Beccari, . no. 2915).

10. D, macrocarpui, — Bamisjunioribus petiolisque dense bispido-
tomentosis pilis fasciculatis ; foliis amplis elUpticis basi rotundatis vel
subcordatis obscure sinuatis supra glabratis ad costam pilosis, subtus
rari-pilosis, margine ciliatis,JjunioribuB supra sericeo-lanatis pilis basin
versos deciduis subtus velutinis, calycis fructiferi tubo subhemisphe-
rico pilis stellatis brevibus insperso ; laciniis auctis maximis oblongis
trinerviis.

Folia 30-40*" longa, 18-25*" lata ; petiola 6*" longa; calycis fruc-
tiferi tubus 3*" latus, 2*" longus, laciniae auotae 20-25*" longae, 4-5*"
latae. — In Bengalia orientali.

11. Z>. ghhoBus, — ^Ramis jnnioribus gemmisque velutinis; foliis
rotundatis vel ovato-ellipticis acuminatis crenatis basi obtusis, supra
glaberrimis, subtus ad costam puberulis, petiolis pubescentibuspulveru-
lentibus ; racemis axiilaribus 3-flori8 ; calycis fructiferi tubo globoso
glabro ; laciniis auctis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis trinerviis glabenimis.

Folia 13-15*" longa, 8-9*" lata; petiola 3-5*" longa; calycis fructi-
feri tubus 2-5-3*" latus; laciniae auctae 12-15*" longae, 3-4*" latae. —
Borneo (0. Beccari, no. 2914).

12. D, hirtu8. — Eamis cortice cinereo-albescente vestitis, novellis
crinitis ; gemmis oblongis obtusis ; foliis oblongo vel elliptico-lanceo-
latis acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel obsolete cordatis supra ad costam
pubescentibus, subtus ad nerves valde prominentes fasciculatim
pilosis; petiolis dense pilosis, pilis fasciculatis; racemis hirsutis
S-floris foliis brevioribus; calycis fructiferi tubo obconico pruinoso
glabro, laciniis auctis uninerviis nervis secundariis brevissimis, glaber-
rimis.

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152 BltMA1lg8 UPOK M. YBSaXTE's VSW SPECIES.

Folia 10-1 3*" longa 4-5"" lata ; petiola 2-3"" longa ; calyds fracti-
feri tubus 1*6"" longus, laciniae auctae 5-7"" longae, 12-15"" latae.—
Borneo (0. Beccari, nos. 779 et 1883).

[The above desoriptionf are here reprinted for oomparison with those of Pruf.
Thiselton Dyer, contained in the last (April) number of this Journal (p. 103 &
seq.), in order that students may possess here the whole of the published material
relating to the plants in question. In the following communication Prof, Dyer
has reyiewed M. Yesque's new species, in relation especially to his own reyision
of the whole of the known species of the genus.— £!i. Joum, Bot.^

REMARKS UPON M. VESQUE'S KEW SPECIES.
By W. T. Thisblton Drim, M.A., B.Sc, P.L.S.

SiiicB the publication of my paper on Bryohalanops and Diptero-
earpus I have seen the diagnoses of the new species of the latter
genus published by M. Vesque in the ** Comptes Rendus'* for
March 2. This would not, however, appear till a week after that
date, and consequently would not reach London till the middle of the
month. The ** Comptes Rendus '' is rarely used as a medium of pub-
lication for papers on systematic botany, and M. Vesque's reason for
choosing it was the desire — a very natural one — of securing priority.
Having, however, understood from M. Decaisne that M. Vesque's
memoir would appear in the " Annales des Sciences Katurelles," I
overlooked, as indeed I was unprepared for, this preliminary instal-
ment. I can only regret tbe inadvertence which has led to my
adding fresh synonyms to an Order in which they are already too
numerous.

I cannot, however, but venture the remark that M. Vesque on hit
part has been somewhat precipitate. Of the twelve new species which
he describes, probably less than half will prove capable of being
sustained. I will briefly pass them in review in the order in which
he has placed them in his communication in the ** Comptes Rendus."

1 . I), fagineus, Vesque, takes precedence of D, prismattcus, Dyer.

2. I). stenopteruSf Vesque. is based upon Beccari, 3762 ; I refer to
the same species Beccari, 3417. D. ohlongifoUtM, Blume, is I have no
reason to doubt the same species. It was described, it is true, from
foliage only ; but an authentic specimen in the Kew Herbarium seems
to me quite identical with Beccari's plants quoted above.

3. D. ntid/usy Vesque, takes precedence of D, pentapterus, Dyer. I
refer to this also Beccari, 2509, a number which may, however, be a
mere clerical error for 2905, which belongs to it.

4. J), acutanguluSy Vesque. This is undoubtedly identical with
the very distinct species described by Scheffer as D. appendtcidatm.
I have had the opportunity of comparing Beccari's plant with an
authentic specimen in the Kew Herbarium. ^

5. D, geniculatiM, Vesque, anticipates D/angulatus, Dyer.

6. B. Lemeslei, Vesque, is a species from the Island of Pulo-
Condor, off the coast of Cambodia. This is an interesting locality.
D, intricatxtSy Dyer, from Cambodia itself, is abundantly distinguished
by the plicate wings of the tube of the fruiting calyx. In M. Vesque's

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BEUABES T7P0K M. TESaTTE*S KEW SPSCIES. 153

species these wings are quite strai^t, and judging frotn the description
there is nothing to definitely distinguish it from D. alatm^ Eozb.,
which extends eastward to Siam.

7. D. 8tellatu9y Vesque, takes precedence of 2>. nobilii, Dyer.

8. D, undtdatuSf Yesque, is certainly identical with D, Lowii^
Hook., fil. Low's specimens are' in the Kew Herbarium. The
general habit of the plant, together with the peculiar character of the
wings of the calyx-tube, leave no room for hesitation. M. Yesque has
overlooked the fact that, as in />. lameliatua, the angles of the calyx-
tube are famished each with two wings, so that there are ten in all. I
am disposed to think that D, validus^ Blume, founded apparently upon
the foliage of barren shoots, is the same species and therefore takes
precedence of the names given by both Dr. Hooker and M.
Vesque.

9. J). BeecarumuSf Yesque, is the plant subsequently described by
me as D. Beccarii, var. glabraia. Having 'regard to the range of
variation in vestiture which occurs even in dried specimens of well-
known species of the genus, and which Kurz has also verifi^ in their
native forests, I cannot regard D, Beecarianus as more than barely
entitled to be distinguished as a variety from D. gloho9U9j
Vesque.

10. D, maerocarpus, Yesque, is identical with D. pihsus^ Eoxb.
The original description of the species is very brief; but Kurz, who
appears to have seen an authentic specimen, identifies Eoxburgh's
plant with D. Baudii, Korthals. In the " Flora of British India "
(i., 296) I have characterised the species very briefly, and I find that,
either through a printer's error or my own, the dimensions are not
quite accurate. The species is abundantly distinct from any other
Indian one, but for the sake of comparison with the descriptions given
by M. Yesque and Korthals, I have drawn up one founded exclusively
upon Indian specimens.

D. PILOST78, Boxl, Arbor, novellis, gemmis cylindraceis vel cylin-
draceo-conicis petiolisque pilis fasciculatis ochraceis vel ferrugineis
dense indutis ; foliis vematione plicatis et admodum sericeo-velutinis,
ellipticis vel elliptico-oblongis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel rotundatis
et minime retusis, obscure repando-crenatis, margine ciliatis, supra
glabratis, ad costam et subtus ad nervos venulasque pilosis; calycis
fructiferi tubo ovoideo, obovoideo, vel subsphaerico Umbum versus baud
coarctato, juniore pilis stellato-furfuraceis consperso deinde glabrato,
lobis majoribus oblongo-linearibus valide trinerviis obtusis vel minime
retusis utrinque glabris, minoribus, orbicularibus. D, B audit , Korth.
Yerh. Nat. Gesch. Bot., p. 59, t. 5. D, maerocarpiM, Yesque, ** Gomptes
Rendus," Ixxviii., p. 627. Anisoptera? palemhanicaf Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat., SuppL, i., 485, ex Kurz. in Joum. As. Soc. Beng., 1870, ii.,
65*

Folia 6-18 poll, longa, 3-9 poll, lata, nervis lateralibus utrinseous

ad 26 ; petiolo 1^3 poll, \ongo, Flores Calycis

fructiferi tubus IJ-lJ poll, longus, 1-1^ poU. latus, lobi majores 6-8J
poll, longi, 1^-2 poll- lati.

11. I). ghbo^u8,\ esqne, takes precedence of X>. Beccarii, Dyer.
M. Yesque has overlookeii the fact that the calyx-tube is not perfectly
rounded — that is to say, a transverse section would be obtusely pen-

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154 NOTB OK SOME Iin)IAN BIPTEBOOARPBA.

tangular and not circular, and I have hence placed it in my section
Angulati though it is not a typical representative of it by any means.
12. D, Mrtu8y Yesque, is anticipated by D, crinitus, Dyer, Flor.
Brit. Ind., i., 296.

KOTE ON SOME INDIAN DITTEROCARPEJE.
By W. T. Thiselton DxEit, M.A., B. So., F.L.S.

I MAT take this oppoTtnnity of making some corrections in my
enumeration of the Indian Dipterocarpea, in the second part of the
Flora of British India. This was in type, and printed off many
months before publication. In the interim Colonel Beddome pub-
lished the concluding parts of his "Flora Sylvatica." In one of
these he describes (p. ccxxxvi.) Balanocarpus, a new genus of
I>tpterooarpea from Tinnivelly, with two species. One of these, B, uttlis,
Beddome, I believe to b^ identical with Mopea longifoUa^ Dyer (Flor.
Brit. Ind., i., 309), which I had founded on a plant of Col. Beddome's,
referred by him to Hopea. Without fruit there ia nothing which
could possibly separate this plant from that genus. Indeed, Col.
Beddome remarks (Flor. Sylv., p. ccxxxvii) : ** When in flower only it
is scarcely distinguishable from the long-leaved variety of Bopea
pwrvifloray which grows in the same localities." The fruit is, how-
ever, extremely different from Hopea, and I had described it from a
very imperfect specimen which I had no means of correlating with the
flowering ones as belonging to a new genus intermediate between
Pachynooarpus and Vatican but to which I refrained from giving a
name. (Flor. Brit. Ind., i., 817.)

Colonel Beddome has also anticipated the publication of Eopea
raeophlaa, Dyer, which is identical with Hopea malahariea, Bedd.
(Ic. PL Ind. Or., t. 185.)

A plant from Malacca in both the flowering and fruiting stage,
collected by Maingay, has only lately come into my hands, and
proves to be identical with an indeterminate plant, from Penang,
9018 in the Wallichian Herbarium. As it is apparently undescribed
I give a diagnosis. It is aberrant in the character of its fruit,
which recedes from Vattca in the direction of Balanoearpue. Here,
however, the agreement ceases ; Balanoearpus agrees in everything
except fruit with Hopea, while Maingay's plant is in everything
except fruit a typical Vattca.

Vatica (IsAuxis) Wallichi, Dyer. Arbor, ramulis strictis ad
angulum 30^ divergentibus, teretibus, brunneis, verruculis albis con-
spersis, glaberrimis ; foliis ovatis, obtusiusculis, firmis, utrinque glaber-
rimis, costa media nervisque lateralibus siccitate supra prominentibns,
subtus pallidioribus ; paniculis cymoso-congestis ; florum partibus
(praesertim calyce staminibusque) omnino Vatica; fructu coriaceo-
b&ccato, conico siccitate rugoso, stylo apionlato, calycis lobis parcis-
gime auctis pauUo incrassatis capsulsB adpressis ovatis aeutis.

Penang, Wall, Cat.y 9018. Malacca, Maingay, 201.

Folia 4-5 poll, longa, 1^-2 J poll, lata ; petiole J-J poll, longo.
Alabastra \ poll, longa. Calycis fructiferi lobi aucti i poll, longi.
Capsula \ poll, longa.

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BOTANICAL BIBUOeBAPHT OF THE BBITI8B 00UNTI18. 155

BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE- BRITISH

COUNTIES.

By Henry Tbimen, M.B., F.L.S.

[^Continued from ipage 112.)

MoHMoiTTH. — [35. Pr. Severn^ Drained by Rivers Wye and TJsk.
1. —No complete Flora.

3.— Gough ii., 492.-^B. G., 415.— New B. G., 215.— Woods in
Phyt. iii., 1053.
Ahergavmmy. — ^Purton, Midland Flora, vol. ii., p. 747.
Pont Netcydd, — Conway in New B. G., ii., 629i.
Hbbbfobd. — [36. Pr. Severn J] Almost entirely drained by Wye.
1.— W. H. Purchas in Trans. Woolhope Club, 1867. Tabular
Bunrmary of Phanerogams and Ferns under 14 ^stricts formed
mainly on the natural drainage. Intended as the introduction
to a complete detailed Flora.
1.— Gough,ii..463.— B. G., 325.— New B. G., 214, 627.— Duncomb,
Hist of H., 1804, voL i., pp. 180-186.
Robs. — Purchas in Phyt., ii., 649.
Hereford, — Fungi, see Trans. Woolhope Club.
Bee Floras of Mahem and Wobcbstebshibb.
WoMisTEB. — [37. Pr. SevemJ] Mainly in Severn ; small portion of
If.W. in Trent basin.
I.— E. Lees, Flora of W., 1867. Four artificial districts. Special
localities only for rarities. Account of previous writers given.
Cryptogams not included.
2.— Gibs., 527.— Gough,ii.,374.— B. G.. 656.— New B. G.,194, 620.
Pitt, Agriculture of W., 1810.— Hastings, 111. Nat. Hist. W.,
1834. — Perry in Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. iv.
Worcester. — T. Baxter in Stanley's Guide to W.
JFyre Foreat.—Qt. Jorden in Phyt., N.S., 1855, 281, 354.
Kiddermimter. — See Withering's Nat. Arr., ed. 2, by Stokes, 1787.
Mahem Eilh.—LeeBy Botany of M. H., 1843, ed. 3, 1868. In-
cludes Mosses and Lichens.
Stourhrtdge. — Scott's S. and its Vicinity, 1832.
Clent J«««.— Phyt., N.S., ii., 385.— W. Mathews, Clentine
Rambles, 1868. Rarer species. No Cryptogams.
See Purton's Midland Flora and Birmingham Floras (under Wab-

wick).
S.— Herbarium at Worcester Museum.
Vabwick. — [38. Pr. Sevm'n.'] Chiefly Severn; N. part in Trent
basin ; a very small portion of S.E. in Thames.
1. — ^No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs., 515.— Gough, ii., 350.— B. G., 633.— New B. G., 181,
611.— W. G. Perry, Plantse Varvicenses Selectee, 1820. Lin-
nean system. List of authorities quoted given. Mosses in-
cluded. — Mosses, Bagnall in Joum. Bot., 1874, p. 18.
Birmingham. — ^Freeman in Phyt., i., 261. — Fl. Plants & Ferns of
B. in Proc.'B. Nat. Hist. Soc, 1869-70. 10 miles' radius.

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156 BOTAinCAL BIBUOGBAPHT OF THB BBITISH COTTVTHS.

Includes AlgsD, Mosses, and Jungermaiinieae. — ^Absent plants,
Eagnall in Journ. Bot, 1872, 336.
Aleester. — I^urton, Midland Counties Flora, 1817. App., 1821.
Linnean system, descriptiye, only Hving authorities quoted.
Cryptogams included.
Coventry. — Kirk in Phyt., ii., 969. .

Eu^h/, — List in R. School N'at. Hist. Soc. Rep. for 1868 and
subsequent years.
8. — Perry's Herbarium in the Warwick Museum. — Purton's Her-
barium in Museum of Worcester Nat. BList. Soc. — Herbarium
of Rugby School Nat. Hist. Soc.
Staffobd. — [39. Pr. Severn^ Mainly Trent; a narrow strip of ¥.
border in Severn ; a very small portion of N. in Mersey basin.
1. — No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs , 639.— Gough, ii., 396.— B. G., 632.— New B. G., 207,
623.— Plot, Nat. Hist, of S., 1686, pp. 199-227.— R. Gamer,
Nat. Hist, of S., 1844, pp. 333-445. Complete list. Linnean
System. Includes Cryptogams. Supplement, 1860, p. 36.
Tuibwry Sf Bv/rton-on-Trent. — E. Brown in Sir 0. Mosley^s Kat.
Hist, of T., 1863. Assisted by Bloxam and Coleman. 10
miles' radius. Cryptogams included.
2>w<?foy.— Fraserin Trans. D. Sc. Soc. & Field Club.
8. — ^Local herbarium belonging to Dudley Scient. Soc.
Balof. — [40. Pr. Severn.l Almost entirely in Severn basin ; small
portions of N. in Mersey basin.
1.— W. A. Leighton, Flora of S., 1841. Linnean system. lull
descriptions, with figures of details of JRumex, Carex^ &c. No
districts. Cryptogams not included. — ^Lichens ; many in Leigh-
ton's Lichenes Exsiccati.
2.— Gibs., 554.— Gough, ii., 423.— B. G., 610.— New B. G., 209,624.
Ludlow, — Westcott in Phyt., i., 567. Includes Cryptogams.—

A. Marston, Ferns and Rare Plants of L., 1870.
Bridgenorth — Bot. Chron., pp. 102, .107.
8. — Many of Leighton's S. plants now in British Museum. Salwey's
Lichens in Ludlow Museum.

WALES.
Gibs, 699.— S. Brewer, Botanical Journey through Wales, 1726.
MS. in Bot. Dep. Mus. Brit. — J. Lightfoot, Journal of
a Botanical Excursion in Wales, 1775. MS. in Bot. Dep. Mus.
Brit. (Includes some ^^we?^«^<9r plants.) The plants collected
are in the British Museum. — J. Ball in Bot. Gaz., i., 107.
Glamorgan.— [41. 'Si, S, Wales.'] Drained by small rivers flowing
into Bristol Channel.
1 . — No complete Flora.

2.— Gough, ii., 503.—B. G., 298, 753.— New B. G., 216, 630.

Woods in Phyt., iii., 1053.

^M?«»«^flf.— Gutch in Phyt., i., 109, 119, 141, 180. 377; includes

Cryptogams. — Westcombe in Phyt., i., 780. — Dillwyn,

Materials for Flora of S., 1848 ; rarer plants, alphabetical;

and in History of S. ; 20 miles' radius.

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BOTANICAL BIBLIOORAPHT OF THE BBITISH COUNTIBS. 157

Brbckstock. — [42. Pr/ S, WaUi.'] 8. portion drained by Uak ; N.
part by Wye.
1. — 1^0 complete Flora. IXo list of common plants received by Mr.

Watson.
2.— Gough, ii., 476.— B. G., 31.— New B. G., 322, 631.— West-
combe in Phyt., i., 781 ; a few rarities.
^ifOB. — [43. .Pr. S. Wales,'] Chiefly drained by Wye; small
parts of N. by Severn.
1.— No complete Flora. No list of common plants obtained by Mr.

Watson.
2.— B. G., 508. Gough, ii., 469.— Westcombe in Phyt., i., 781.
GiBiCARTHEir. — [44. Pr. S> Wales.'] Mostly drained by Towy into
Bristol Channel ; part of N. W. by Teify into St. George's Channel.
1. — ^No complete Flora.

2.— Gough, ii., 510.— B. G., 75.— New B. G., 219.
Pembroke. — [45. Pr. 8. Wales,] Drains N. & S. from a central
watershed.
1. — No complete Flora.

2.— Gough, ii., 523.— B. G., 503.— New B. J., 219.— S.Pembroke,
G. C. BabingtoninJoum. Bot,, 1863, 258 ; Trimen in Joum.
Bot., 1867, 301.
TlwSy.— [Falconer,] Catalogue of 'plants in neighbourhood of
T., 1848 ; no Cryptogams. E. Lees in Phyt. iv., 1031.

CiBBioAN. — ^[46. Pr. S. Wales.] Chiefly drained by small streams
into S. George's Channel ; a portion of E. by Towy.
1. — ^No complete Flora. List of common plants very incomplete,
Watson.
2.— Gough, ii., 529.— B. G., 72.— New B. G., 221.
Aherystwith. — E. Lees in Phyt., i. 38. — T. Owen Morgan.
Flora Ceveticee superioris, 1849. Linnean system. Includes

AlgSB.

MoiTTGOMEBY. — [47. Pr. N, Wales.] Principally drained by Severn ;
part of W. by Doyey into S. George's Channel.
1. — No complete Flora. No list of common plants received by

Mr. Watson.
2.— Gough, ii., 537.— B. G., 416.— New B. G., 222, 631.
Newtown. — Naturalist, iii., 159.

Mbmoitbth. — [48. Pr. N, Wales.] W. part drained by small rivers
into S. George's Channel ; E. part by Dee.
1. — No complete Flora. No list of common plants received by Mr.

Watson.
2.— Mart., 114.— Gough, ii., 547.— B. G., 393.— New B. G., 224,
631.
Llandderfeh — Jas. Irvine in Naturalist, ii., 70.

Cabhabvow.— [49. Pr. N, Wales,] S. W. half drained by small
streams into S. George's Channel ; N. E. half into Irish Sea.
1.— No complete Flora.

2.— Mart., 112.— Gough, ii., 562.— B. G., 77.— New B. G., 235,
633. Winch, in Mag. Nat. Hist.
Llandudno & Gt. Ormfs Head, — E. Lees in Phyt. iii., 869.— P.

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158 8H0BT N0TX8.

Inchbald, List of Plants, &o., 1864.— Baxter in Catherall's
Guidebook.
Snowdon & TwU Bu.-^W, Bingley, N. Wales, 1814, pp. 169 &
189.

Dbnbigh. — [50. Pr. N, Wales,'] N. part drained by Clwyd in Imb
Sea ; W. by Dee ; small part in S. in Severn basin.
1. — No complete Flora.

2.—Gough, ii., 587.--B. G., 166.— New B. G., 244, 634.
Wrexham, — J. Bowlandin Phyt.^ i., 421.
Flint. — [51. Pr. N, Wales."] Drained by Glwyd and Dee mto
Irisn Sea.
1. — No complete Flora; List of common plants yery incomplete,

Watson.
2.— Gough, ii., 597.— B. G., 291.— New B. G., 252, 635.
Anglesey. — [52. Pr. N, Wales,] Drained by small streams flowing
N. E. & S. W. from a watershed across the Island.
1. — H. Davies, Welsh Botanology, 1813. Linnean System. Cryp-
togams included. Has a catalogue of Welsh names.
2.— Mart, iii.— Gough; ii., 574.— B. G., 1.— New B. G., 226, 632.
3. — Davies' Anglesea plants in the British Museum.

SHOET NOTES.

Jb trouve dans le oahier de Deoembre, 187S, de votre Journal^ p.
376, un article de M. le Dr. Henry F. Hance, dans lequel, ^ roocasion
d'observations int^ressantes sur un Pteroearya et d'un nom specifique
dont il pr6f(^re ne pas faire usage, il s'exprime ainsi : — "Those who
regard the Paris Gongr^s International de Botanique as a scientific
(Ecumenical Council, the decrees of which were inspired by a
kind of Divine afflatus^ will, of course, in obedience to article 67
of the * Lois de la Nomenclature Botanique,' promulgated by that
august assembly, adopt the latter name," etc. II est possible
que M. le Dr. Hance ait rencontre en Chine des botanistes fui
out eu cette haute opinion du Congres auquel j'ai eu rhonneur
de pr&ider, mais ce n'est pas assurement ce Congres lui-m^me,
car U a yot6, k l'unanimit6, simplement de recommander son recueil
des lois comme le meilleur guide a suivre pour la nomenclature
dans le r^gne v6g6tal, et Particle 2 porte expres86ment : — *• Les r^^es
de la nomenclature ne peuvent 6tre ni arbitraires ni impos^es.
EUes doivent 6tre bas6es sur des motifis assez clairs et assez forts poor
que chacun les comprenne et soit dispose ^ les accepter." Permettea-
moi d'ajouter deux mots. Notre travail a ^t6 fond6 sur les usages
adopt6s, apr^s reflexion, par la majorite des meiUeurs botanistes du xix»«
siecle. Nous n'avons jamais innov6 sur le fond, du moins dans ce
qui pr6sente une importance meme l^g^re. Quant k la forme, il y a
une assez grande difference relativement aux recueils analogues de
Linn6, Lindley, De Candolle, et les zoologistes de la British Assoeiation
de 1842. Cette difference est que j'ai imite la classification lumiaeose
des codes franqais, en groupant les articles par chapitrea, selon lear
nature, et mettant au commencement, fort en Evidence, unchapitre

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BOTAFICAL ITBWS. 159

BUT les principes dirigeanU,^ De cette mani^ lorsqu'im autenr admet
deux oa trois prinoipes essentiels, comme celai, par exemple, de
Tarticle 3, " d'6yiter toute creation inutile de noms," il est conduit 4
admettre le reste, s'il veut etre consequent aveo lui-m^me. — ^Axph. ds

Caoollb.

ToBTTJLA simjosi. IN Wakwickshibb. — It may be interesting to
note that I £nd T. Binuosa in two widely distant localities in Warwick-
shire. NearWootton Wawen, I find it on the mortar of a brick
bridge ; in this locality the plant is stunted. I also find it on an old
tree stump, near Fenny Compton ; in this locality it grows on the lias
clay soil i^at has overspread the stump, and is a more vigorous plant.
I have no doubt that when sought for it will be found in many other
localities. — J. Bagnaxl.

23otamca{ ^€oi^.

Articles m Joitbnals.

Ann, dds Se. Nat, (t. xix., n. 1. Decemh&r, 1873.) — J. Chatin,
" On the Development of the Ovule and Seed in ScrophulariaceaB,
Solanaceae, Boraginaceae, and Labiatse '* (tab. 1-8). — (n. 2 & 3. Feb-
nwry.) — ^E. Pnllieux, "On the Coloration and Iridescence of
NMia NidtM-avia*' (tab. 10). — E. Janczewski, "Observations on
the Eeproduction of some Nostochtnea " (tab. 9). — A. Barth61emy,
'*0n the Respiration and Circulation of Gas in Plants.*' — L. A.
Cri6, " Micromycetes Exotici Novi.'* — Boehm, "On the Kespiration
of Terrestrial Plants."

Nederlandaeh Kruidhundig Arehief, (ser. 2, v. i., pt. 3, 1873.) —
A. J. de Bruijn, " On Rumex Steinii and R, leptanthes (tab. 7), and
Notes on Enodium earuleum, Glyceria fluitans, and Trifolium minus,^*
— C. M. van der Sande Lacost, "Additions to Bryological Flora of
Holland." — 0. A. J. A. Oudemans, " Additions to Mycological Flora of
HoUand."— lb., " On a Fruit, half Citron, half Orange."— W. F. R.
Suringar and T. H. J. Abeleven, " Plants of Alkmaar, 1871."

Mabch.

GrevilUa. — S. 0. Lindberg, " On Species of Timmia " (translation).
— M. C. Cooke, " British Fungi" (contd.).— Nylander, "I^ew British
Lichens" (translation).

Oesferr, Bot. ZeitBchr. — G. Strobl., "Species of Seleranthus of
-Stna, &c." — L. Celakovsky, "On the genus Trifolium'' (contd.^ —
J. Pancic, "Botanical Excursion in Montenegro in 1873." — A.
Kemer, " Distribution of Plants, &c. " (contd.). — R. v. Uechtritz,
"Note on Calamintha atnemisy Strobl." — ^H. Kemp, "Supp. to Flora
of Neighbourhood of Vorarlberg " (contd.).

Bot^ Zeitung, — J. Scott, " On the Indian SpeciesofZoraw^Aw* and the

* Leading Princ^lee de U Tradaction angUise : Latoi of Botanical Nomenclature^ in
8vo., 1868, p. 17.

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160 BOTANICAL FRW8.

Parasitism of fl^<in/a/tima/^»»"(contd.)—F. Kienitz-Gerloff. "Compara-
tive Investigation into the Development of the Spermogonia of Eepa-
tiea'' (tab. 3, 4).— E. Stahl, <*0n Development of Lichens."— W. G.
Farlow, ** On a sexnal Reproduction of young plants on ProthaUium
of a Fern." — R. Wolff, ** Origin of Ascospores of Eryaiphe gramini%P
—lb., "Identity oi Peridermium Piniw\t\i Coleosporium eompositarumy
f. seneeionis.*'

Flora, — F. Arnold, " Liohenological Fragments, xvi *' (tab. 2).—
L. Celakovsky, "On the morphological significance of Seed Buds.*'—
J. Miiller, " On the Conditions of Validity in Scientific Nomencla-
ture " (contd.).— A. Geheeb, "Short Bryological Notes."

Botmisk Tidsskrift (1873, pt. 2).— R. Pedersen, "On the De-
velopment of the Cyathium in Euphorbia^^ (tab. 2). — J. Lange, ''Ob-
servations on Leafijig, Flowering and Defoliation at Copenhagen in
1867-71."

A supplement to the Fauna and Flora of Eastbourne has been
printed by Mr. F. C. S. Roper. Some seventy additional plants,
Phanerogams and Cryptogams, are included.

Prof. Morren, of Li6ge, has compiled a list of Botanical Gardens,
Chairs of Botany, and other establishments, throughout the world,
arranged under the various countries, and giving under each the names
and titles of the present directors, occupants, &c. This very useful
list appears in the " Belgique Horticole " for February, and has since
been reprinted. The compiler will be glad to receive notice of any
errors, or of the changes that may occur, so that subsequent editions
may be rendered correct.

Mr. Britten has compiled a List of Suffolk plants, which is pub-
lished in White's Hisboiy of the county. Localities for some of
the rarest species are given.

Mr. J. Harbord Lewis, of 180, Mill Street, Liverpool, proposes
to issue twenty sets of British Rubi if names of subscribers are to hand
by the 1st of June. The list sent of twenty species includes some of
our most interesting forms, and printed tickets will accompany them,
with the remarks of some of the principal English Rubologists.
Price £1 per set- exclusive of carriage.

We are requested to state that the English Dialect Society has
made arrangements for publishing Messrs. Britten and Holland's
*• Dictionary of English Plant-Names." This work has long been in
preparation, and is a very extensive undertaking. It is expected
that the first part contaimng letters A to D will form one of the
Society's publications for 1874, and lists of local plant-names
should therefore be sent without delay to Mr. Britten, at the British
Museum.

The remarkable failure of the attempt made by Lord Cathcart,
late President of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, to
obtain some original investigations into the potato blight, by the offer
of a prize of £100 for the best essay on the subject, has induced the
council of the Society to secure the services of Prof. De Bary to
make Peronospora infeatans, Mont., a special study, with the view^ of
discovering the life-history of the parasite before it attacks the
potato. We understand that M. De Bary has already entered on
his inquiry.

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161

4^n0ttial %ttk\t0*

ON A RUMEX FROM THE SOUTH OF EiWLAND.

By HiNET TfiiMEN, M.B., F.L.S.

(Tab. 146.)

The suhject of this notice was found in August last (1873) by
Mr. Warren at Heene, near Worthing, Sussex, growing in a nearly
dried-up pond. A single large plant only was seen which grew in
immediate proximity to some fifty plants of typical R, maritimus and
as many of R, conghmeratua. As may be seen by the accompanying
figure, the plant differs a good deal at first sight in its general aspect
from any of our native species, but the smsdl size of the plate does
not allow the much-branched and spreading character to be fully
exhibited.

In attempting to fit the plant to the descriptions given in English
text-books, it was evident that it presented several differences from
both R, maritmua and R, pdlustris, the only species to which it could
be refen ed. Nor did a search through the numerous foreign species
which have been described bring to light any to which the plant could
be referred with any greater probability. A careful examination,
however, showed fewer points of difference from R. maritimus than
from its different habit might have been expected, and I have there-
fore placed it under that species, adding also, for the sake of distinc-
tion, the tiesignation ''forma Warrenii*^ in commemoration
of the discoverer who has so successfully investigated our native
Docks.

The root-leaves were withered away before the plant was gathered
and cannot therefore be described. The stem-leaves present no dis-
tinctive characters, but taper to their bases, the upper ones being
greatly attenuated below, like those of R, maritimus and pahsstris.
The stem is very t/all and copiously branched, two or three branches
often coming off together from the lower nodes, and the branches
frequently again branched in their lower portion where each whorl is
provided with a leaf. All the branches are very long and slender,
spreading, wandlike, and rather flexuose, with very numerous
rather dense whorls of flowers somewhat distant below, approximated
but never crowded together above, where they are leafless. The ripe
petals are rather larger than those of R, maritimus^ and, including the
teeth, about as long as broad, with two or three teeth on either side of
the lower half ; the teeth are less setaceous and considerably shorter
than those of R, maritimus^ straight, spreading and acuminate, and
about as long as the width of the petal, the upper half of the petal
is triangular, with a bluntish apex, and each petal bears a large
N.s. VOL. 3, [junk, 1B74.] H

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162 Oir A RUHEX FBOM THE SOUTH OF BVOLAKD.

tubercle broader and rather more prominent than those of mantimusj
but of the same greenish-gold colour which gires the bright
appearance to that species. The nut is considerably krger than in the
latter.

This description of the ripe petals is made from fertile flowers in
which the nuts become properly matured. In very few, however,
out of the thousands of flowers produced does this happen. In the
rest the nut is small and shrivelled, and the petals therefore do not
acquire their full development, but at their ripest condition remain
small (about the size of ordinary maritimua when ripe), narrower in
proportion to their length and with less prominent tubercles. The
great number of these small flowers gives the inflorescence its charac-
teristic appearance ; the larger ones with ripe fruit have to be searched
for.

Two e^lanations of this condition present themselves. The plant
may be an unhealthy or undeveloped and barren state of JR. mariti-
mu9. Dr. Eoswell Syme, to whom specimens were submitted for
examination, takes this view, and compares the plant with a barren
and much less advanced plant of JR, paludria collected by himself on
the Thames bank below Greenwich and obviously grown under some
very unfavourable circumstances. The excessive luxuriance of Mr.
Warren's plant certainly points in the direction of undue nutrition and
too much shade, and the scarcity of ripe fruit would be likely to
result from the same cause. R, maritimua occasionally occurs with
somewhat distant whorls, and such specimens are not unfrequently mis-
named E, pahtatris. On the other hand our plant has not an unhealthy
appearance, and profuse production of flowers is an unusual result of
deprivation of sunshine. It must be remembered also that the plant
grew in actual contact with numerous examples of E. maritimw which
in no way departed from the usual condition of the species, though
it must be supposed that they were subjected to the same influences.

The other explanation is that of hybridity. This is a hypothesb
easily proposed and equally difficult to prove or disprove. Mr. War-
ner has suggested it as perhaps meeting the case of the plant under
discussion, and it must be allowed that we have here several circum-
stances which lend it considerable probability. The chance produc-
tion of a hybrid affords a fair solution of the occurrence of a single
plant with characters of its own growing in immediate contact with
numerous plants, all referable to two well-marked species of the same
genus, when it is found that the plant presents characters which are
a mixture of those of its companions. The collector noted, by compa-
rison when gathered, that the habit of the plant was exactly that of
the R. eonglomeratua with which it grew, and that the tubercles also
looked more like those of the latter than of R, maritimus, A compa-
rison of the ripe petals with those of R, maritimus (from Cheshire)
shown in the plate (flgs. 2 and 2c) exhibits a departure, as above
described, from the form of R. maritimua in the direction of the tooth-
less blunter ones of R, conglom&ratua. I am, however, fully aware
that the question cannot be decided in this manner : on similar grounds
it has been maintained by Meyer* that R. paluatria, Sm. is a hybrid

* Floia Hanoverana excurt. (1849), p. 471.

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OK A RUMEX FROM THE SOUTH 09 BNOLAKI). 163

between these very same two species, H, maritmui and £, c(mglofne»
raius, a view which from English experience of the plants seems other-
wise very improbable.

In looking through the Docks allied to JR, maritimus my attention
was drawn to the jK. Steint, described by Becker,* from plants found
by the Main, near Frankfort ; and from the description of this given
in Meisner's monograph,! where a similarity to JR. conglomerate is
specially m^itioncd, it seemed to come very near to Mr. Warren's
plant.

Attention has'already been called to R, Steini by Babington in a
paper^ on the R.palustris of Smith, with which the author considered
it identical, depending mainly on Sturm's figure. || Boswell Syme§
places it simply as a synonym of JR. palttstris. As, however, little
seemed to be accurately known about the plant and its claims to rank
as a distinct form, I applied to the Curator of the Herbarium at the
Eoyal GFardens oi Brussels, who courteously sent me Becker's type
from the collection of Yon Martins, now the property of the Belgian
nation. This specimen, which consists of a root-leaf and a single
lateral branch, has been folly and accurately described in the elaborate
monograph of the genus in Schultes* ** Systema Yegetabilium.'^ It
is there remarked that the plant would be considered a variety of R,
pdustrisy were it not for the broader root-leaves almost cordate at the
base, the lax verticils, and the larger and more strongly reticulated
petals. I agree with Boswell Syme** in placing little reliance on the
form of the base of the root-leaves, and the other characters are, I be-
lieye, in this case due to unhealthy growth. Becker's type specimen
of R. Steini seems to me much such an ill-nourished plant of R.
pdlmtris as that from the Thames side above alluded to ; nearly all
the flowers are abortive, and the petals shrivelled or undeveloped.
There were but four or five flowers with ripe nuts and well-grown
petals, and one of the latter is figured on the plate along with one of R.
pakstris (from Chelsea) for comparison. (Figs 2a, 2b.) Its large size
is striking, but the undeveloped flowers were smaller than those of
OTdmsTjR. palustris, R, Steini is considered a hybrid by I)611,tt
the presumed parents being R, palustris and R, obtmi/olius ; De
Bmijn in a paper recently published, J J recording its discovery in
Holknd, comes to the same conclusion as to its origin.

Dbscbiption of Tab. 146.

Rumex maritimm, L., forma (hybrida ?) IFarrmii, from speounens collected at
Heene, near Worthing, Sussex, by the Hon. J. L. Warren. 1. Perianth
with ripe fruit. 2. Inner perianth-leaf (petal) when mature. 3. Nut. 2a, 2 b,
2e. Mature petals of JS. palustrii, Sm., E, Steini, Beck., and R. maritimus, 11,
reapectively. Details x 4 diam.

* Flora d. Gegend um Frankfurt-a-M.*(1828), i., p. 165.
t DC. Prod., xiv., p. 60 (1866). J Bot Gazette, I, p. 296 (1849).

y DeutschL Flora, bd. 17, hft. 73, t 3. ] Eng. Bot, ed. 3, riii., p. 43.
% Syst. Veget. vii., pars. 2, p. 1390 (1830).
** Lc., p. 44 (see also FL Middlesex, p. 239, note),
ft Eheinische Flora, p. 305 (1843).
IX Nederlandsch Eruidkundi^ Archief, 1872-3, p. 243. A new species, It,
leptanthes, De Bmijn, also found m Holland, is described here.,

M 2

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164 ON NBW DBAC £NA8 FROM TBOPICAL AFBICA.

ON KKW DRAC^NAS FROM TROPICAL AFRICA.

By J. G. Baxeb, F.L.S.

It is a point that has never been fuUy illustrated that as regards
number of species the genus Dracana attains its maximum in Tropical
Africa. Last year I drew up a synopsis of the Indian species (Joum.
Bot., 1873, p. 261.), describing those gathered by Wallich and others
which had not been already characterised. Jn the present paper I
propose to go through the Tropical African species, and will give
names and references only for those that are already known, but
d< scribe in detail all those with which I am acquainted that have not
been already characterised.

Group 1. — Folia MBsiUa ensiformia aseendentta,

1. D. KiRKn, Baker, n.sp — Truncus arboreus ramis junioribus
floriferis 3 lin. crassis. Folia densa ascendentia ensiformia 15-18 poll.
loDga medio 9-12 lin. lata e medio ad apicem et basin angustata supra
basin 3-4 lin. lata arundinaceo-coriacea dimidio inferiori distincte
costata, venis tenuibus immersis, marginibus concoloribus. Panicula
pedalis et ultra, ramis sublaxe racemosis ascendentibus arcuatis 6-9
poll, longis, 2 poll, latis. Pedicelli I lin. longi, inferiores fascicolati.
BractesB minutse deltoideee. Perianthium 9 lin. longum albidum
segmentis tubo 1 lin. crasso duplo superantibus. AnthersB filamentis
filiformibus 4-5-plo breviores. Stigma demum exsertum. Insula
Johanna ad locum Ztlanza, alt, 2500 pede9. Dr. Kirk !.

2. D. Mannh, Baker, n.sp, — Truncus arboreus 30-pedali8. Rami
juniores floriferi 2-3 lin. crassi. Folia ascendentia modice conferta
ensiformia rigida sordide viridia concoloria 12-18 poll, longa, medio
9-12 lin., supra basin 4-6 lin. lata, ad apicem longe attenuata, mh-
tiliter multinervata, costa subtus dimidio inferiore perspicua. Pani-
cula terminalis breviter pedunculata deltoidea ramis patentibua
simplicibus racemosis. Racemi 3-6 poll, longi, expansi 1} poll.
lati. Pedicelli inferiores 3-6 ni 1-2 lin. longi apice articulati. Brac-
teee minutissimsB evanescentes. Perianthium viri Mum 6 lin. longum
■egmentis tubo vix 1 lin. crasso duplo superantibus. Antherse 1. lin.
longffi filamentis filiformibus quadruple breviores. Stigma demum
exsertum. Guinea horealis ad ripas fluminii Old Calabar, G. Mann,
2329 !, Rev. W. C. Thomson !.

3. B. vuBRkCuursBA, J acq. Hort, Schoen., i., 50, t. 95. Mauri-
tius.

4. B. Bbaco, Zinn. As has already been pointed out by Regel,
B. Ombet, described by Kotschy and Pejrritsch in **Planta
Tinneanee," p. 47, from the mountains of Kubia, does not appear to
be safely separable from the familiar Canarian species.

5. B. iBBOKEA, Link. (D, Knerckiana, K. Koch.) A plant long
known in gardens in a flowerless state. Panicula terminalis longe
pedunculata lJ-2 pedes longa et lata, ramis divaricatis inferioribus
copiose ramosis. Racemi subdensi 3-6 poll, longi, pedicellis 4-5 lin.
longis inferioribus 3-4-ni8 supra medium articulatis. Bracteae minutae

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OK NEW DRACiENAS FROM TROPICAL AFRICA. 165

deltoideae. Perianihiuin albidum 7-9 lin. longam, segmentis tubo 1
lin. crasso dupio longioribns. Anthene oblongs 1 lin. longae. Stigma
yix exsertnm. Bacca si monosperma magnitudine cerasi. Guinea
horealis ad ripa» fluminis Nun, G. Mann, 454 !. D. Safoschitikowi
Begely 6a/rtenflora^ t. 705, described and figured from garden specimens*
meanly differs from orhorM by its smaller flowers, and will probably*
prove an African species.

6. D. HARGiNATA, Lam. Madagascar.

Grottp 2. — Folia dmsa tessilia ohlanceolata a»eendentia,

7. D. PERROTTETn, Baker, n.sp, Truncus arboreus 12-pedalis ramis
janioribiis floriferis 2-3 lin. crassis. Folia ascendentia conferta sessilia
ohlanceolata 9-12 poll, longa, medio 9-12 lin., supra basin 2-3 lin. lata,
acuta modice firma purpureo tincta praeter apicem distincte costata
venis tenuibus immersis, marginibus concoloribus. Panicula terminalis
deltoidea interdum pedalis ramis laxe racemosis diTaricatis. PedicelJi

2 lin. longi apice articulati inferiores fasciculati. BractesB deltoideae
minutsB. Perianthium album 1 poll, longum segmentis tubo cylin-
drico duplo superantibus. Antherss 1^ lin. longae. Stigma demum
exsertum. Senegcmbiay Perrottet, 785, in Herb. DC. !. Nigritia ad
Nupe, Barter, 1511 !, and a variety with smaller leaves and simple
lacemes gathered by Heudelot in Senegambia.

8. D. FRAORAKs, GatoL, Bot. Mag., t. 1081. Of this I have seen
nM specimens gathered by Afzelius at Sierra Leone, in Abyssinia by
Quartin-Dillon, and in the Zambesi country by Dr. Meller and Dr.
£irk.

9. D. coKCiNKA, Kunth. Sent by Mr. Home from Mauritius.
Flowers unknown.

Grotjf 3. — Folia sessilia suhlaxa patentia ensiformia vel
ohlanceolata.

10. D. RBFLBXA, Lam. This appears to be a very variable plant,
if D. eernua of Jacquin and D, salicifolia of Kegel be, as I suppose,
varieties only. We have what agrees with the last, wild from
Madagascar, gathered both by Dr. Meller and Gerrard. The head-
quarters of the type are Mauritius, Bourbon and Madagascar, but we
have it also from Guinea and Zambesi-land. In flower, it may be
known from all the other species by its short campauulate perianth-
tube, like that of the New Zealand Cordylines.

Grouf 4. — Flores racemosi. Folia contigua ohlongapetiolata.

11. — D. DEirsiFOLiA, Baker ^ n,sp. Truncus simplex apice, florifero

3 lin. crasso. Folia ascendentia modice conferta oblonga 4-6 poll,
longa medio 2-3 poll, lata arundinaceo-coriacea concoloria, distincte
costata venis tenuibus immersis obliquis, apice deltoidea, basi spathu-
lato-angustata. Petioli 3-6 poll, longi, supeme plani basi caul em totam
amplectantes. Bacemus terminalis brevis breviter pedunculatus flori-
bus multis in glomerulos sessiles altemos dispositis. Pedicelli 1^-2
lin. longi. Perianthium 12-15 lin. longum, segmentis tubo gracillimo
brevioribus. Fernando Poy et ad ripas fluminis Gaboon, G. Mann,
1037 !.

12. D. PoKTANEsiANA, Schult. fil , = Cordyline Fontanesiana, Giip-

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166 Oir NEW DBACJSairAS tBQU TBOPICAL ATBICA.

pert, Nova Acta Imp. L. C. Acad., xxy., t. 3. Madagascar^ Goudot,
in Herb. DC. !,

13. D. GoLDiBANA, Horf. Bull, Florist, 1873, 187. A fine plant,
with general habit like the preceding, bnt the large oblong bright
green leaves banded with white, lately introduced from West Tropical
AMca by Mr. Bull. It has not yet flowered.

14. D. GL0MEBA.TA, Baker, n.sp, Truncus simplex 8-pedalis, apice
florifero 3 lin. crasso. Folia contigua ascendentia oblonga, maxima
6-9 poll, longa, medio 3-4 poll, lata, basi deltoidea, petioUs 4-5 poll,
longis, superiora breviora 3-6 poll, longa, medio 2-3 poll, lata, basi
magis rotundata, petiolis latis 1-2 poll, longis, basi caulem totam
amplectantibus, arundinaceo-coriacea concoloria, venis tenuibus
curvatis, praeter apicem subtus distincte costata. Panicula terminalis
breviter pedunculata deltoidea ramis brevibus arcuatis. Flores ad
apices et nodes laterales ramorum more D. fragrantis 30-40 vel plures
in glomerulos globpsos 1 J poll, latos congesti; Pedicelli 1-1 J lin.longi.
Bractese minutse evanescentes. Perianthium 6 lin. longum, segmentis
tube gracillimo ad basin incrassato triple brevioribus. Antherae flavse,
filamentis filitbrmibus triple breviores. Africa iropiealis occidmtalis
ad imulam Kohi, 1® N. lat., G. Mann, 1630 !.

Gkoup 5. Flores racemosi. Folia contigua ollanceolata petiolata,

15. D. THALioiDES, Morrcn, Belg, Hort, 1860, 348 cum icone = R
Auhryana, A. Brong., Plore des Serres, t. 1522-3. Ad ripasflumim
Gaboon, G. Mann, 1036 !, 1038 I.

16. D. HUMiLis, Baker, n^sp. Truncus brevissimus simplex apice
florifero 2-3 lin. crasso. Folia contigua ascendentia oblanceolata 6-12
poll, longa, infra medium 2-2^ poU. lata acuminata basi deltoidea
arundinaceo-coriacea concoloria subtus dimidio inferiori costata venii
tenuibus immersis subrectis. Petioli suberecti 9-12 poUicares medio
graciles firmi | lin. crassi basi valde dilatati striati caulem totam
amplectantes. Eacemus simplex terminalis breviter pedunculatus 8-4
poUicaris. Flores subsessiles ascendentes fasciculati, bracteis minutis
membranaceis deltoideis evanescentibus. Perianthium 6 lin. longum
segmentis tube aequilongis. Antherse filamentis filiformibus 4-5-plo
breviores. Bacca si monosperma 3 lin. crassa siccitate nigra. Africa
tropicalis occidentalis ad ripas fluminis Bagroo, G. Mann, 898!.

Geottp 6. — Flores racemosi vel umbellati. Folia hrevissime petiolata
patula pseudO'Opposita vel ternata,

17. D. suKCULOSA, Zindley, Bot. Beg,, t. 1169 ; Hook., Bot. Mag.,
t. 5662. — Sierra Leone, Afzelius ! ; Old Calabar^ G. Mann, 2327 ! ;
Nigritia ad Angtama, Barter 2095 !.

18. D. CAMEEOONIAJTA, Baker, n.sp, Suffintex 15-pedalis habitu
omnino B. sureulosa ramulis lignosis virgatis divaricatis floriferis
apice 1 lin. crassis. Folia patula 2-4-na pseudo-verticiUata oblongo-
oblanceolata 4-8 poll, longa medio 1 J-2 poll, lata acuta basi in petiolum
brevissimum sensim angustata arundinaceo-coriacea concoloria ad
faciem inferiorem prsBter apicem costata venis tenuibus immersis
parum curvatis. Racemi terminales 3-9 poll, longi expansi 2 poll,
lati rachi flexuoso, fasciculis multis altemis sessilibus 4-12 floris
instructi. Pedicelli 1 J-2 lin. longi medio articulati. Bractese minut®

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membranac^B deltoidese. Periantbium albo-viridalum 9-12 lin.
longum, segmentis tubo paalo brevioribos. Antberse 1 lin. longSB
filamentis filiformibus quadruplo breviores. Stigma demum exsertum.
MmtM Cameroon, alt 3500 pedes, G. Mann, 1204 !.

Gbotjp 7. — Flores dense eapitati. Folia petiolata ollaneeolata vel
ollonga.

19. D. CTLDTDBiCA, Hook, JU,, Bot, Mag,, t. 6846. Ad ripas
imink Old Calabar, G. Mann, 2328! ; Rev. W. C. Tbomson!.

20. D. Apzemi, Baker, n.sp. Frutex copiose ramosus. Folia
amndinaceo-coriacea, breviter petiolata lanceolata 5-6 poll, longa
medio 12-15 lin. lata, e medio utrinque angustata viridia concoloria
subtus praeter apicem costata. Petioli 3-6 lin. longi. Flores in
spicam subsessilem terminalem conferti. Pedicelli brevissimi apice
aiticulati. Bractese deltoidesB vel lanceolatse 2-3 lin. longae. Peri-
anthinm 6-7 lin. longum segmentis tubo gracillimo brevioribus. Sierra
horn, Afeelius in Herb. Mus. Brit !.

21. D. ovATA, Gawl. Bot. Mag., t. 1180. Sierra Leone, Afzelius.

22. D. PHEYKioiDEs, Hook., Bot, Mag,, t. 5352. Fernando Fo,
6. Mann, 417 ! ; Sierra del Crystal, 1^ N. lat., G. Mann, 1625 !.

23. D. BicoLOB, ffooL, Bot. Mag., t. 5248. Fernando Fo et Old
Cddbar, G. Mann !.

Species excluscB.

Of Tropical African Species described by Tbunberg and Dallmann,
^aaena hirsuta proves upon inspection of the type specimens, which
l»ave been kindly sent for my inspection by Professor Theodore Fries,
to be Falisofa fhyrsiflora,'BeB,\XY,, in Commelynacea ; D, ensata to be
^ianeUa ensifolia ; B. hemichrysa to be an Astelia ; and D, acuminata to
^ Cohnia macrophylla, so that all these must be excluded.

NOTES EXTRAITES DE L'^iniM^RATlON DES ROSIERS
DE L'EUEOPE, DE L'ASIE, ET DE L'AFJiiaUE.
Pae a. D^sAglise.
Stnstyl^.

R. YiRQiNBA, Bipart in litt. ; R, leueochroa b. laetea floribtu can-
Mis Lois., ? Notice in Desvaux Journ. (1809), vol. ii., p. 237 ; Desp.,
Reset. Gall., no. 2440 ?

Arbrisseau robuste, touffu, aiguillons nombreux, dilat6s k la base
recourb6s au sommet, ceux des jeunes rameaux moins forts ; p6tioles
un peu veins au bord du sillon et a la naissance des folioles, quelques
petioles portent de petites glandes fines stipit^es peu abondantes,
aiguillonnes en dessous ; 5-7 folioles ovales-aigues ou o vales -arrondies,
ghlres, vertes en dessus plu9 pclles en dessous, simplement dentdes ;
stipules glabres, bord^es de glandes, oreillettes aigues divergentes ;
pMoncules 1-4 glabres, ayant E leur base des bractees ovales cuspi-
^eea au sommet, glabres, 6galant ou plus courtes que les p6doncules ;
tube du calice obovo'ide, glabre ; divisions calicinales spathul^es au
wmmet, les ext^rieures appendiculees h appendices un peu largee, les
uiterieures entidres, saillantes sur le bouton, plus courtes que la

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168 l'^num^eation dss bosiebs.

coroUe, r6fl6chie8 k I'anth^se, non persistantes ; styles glabres en une
colonne plus on moins saillante, disque conique; fleur i^un blanepur
mime d Vonglet ; fruit rouge Bpherique.

Hal, — Juin. Haies, bois. — FaAucE.— CW, Fussy (Ripart), bois
de Rouet !, Mehun ! for^ts de Fontmoreau !, du Rhin-du-bois !, Berry !,
Boursac !, Yierzon !, Aubusset !, — Calvados, bois de Manerbe pr^ de
Lisieux !.

Sect. ClKNAlCOKiB.

R. DissiMiLis, Noh, ; R, einnamomea, Earelin et Kiril., exs., no. 560
(non Lin), 1840.

J'ai vu dans Therbier de M. Alpb. de CandoUe, un rosier di8tribu6
par MM. Karelin et Kiriloff, sous le nom de R. ctnnamomea, qui n'est
pas la plante connue sous ce nom dans les flores ; il est plus voisin de
R, htcida, Ebrh., sans etre ce dernier. Voici la description que j'ai
etablie sur les deux specimens qui se trouvent dans Therbier de M.
de CandoUe ; peut-^tre ce rosier a-t-il ddj4 re^u un nouveau nom ?
mais je 1" ignore.

Rameau portant quelques petits aiguillons greles, dilates k la base
en forme de disque, leg^rement courbes* blanchatres ; petioles cana-
liculus, inermes ou tr^s faiblement aiguillonnes, pub6rulent8 ; 7-9
folioles coriaces, glabres, d*un vert glaucescent en dessus, blanchatres
en dessous a nervure m6diane pub6rulente, simplement dentees a
dents ouvertes et profondes, ovales-elliptiques de moyenne grandeur ;
stipules 6troites, glabres k oreillettes aigues divergentes ; p^doncules
solitaires ou r^unis 1-3 en bouquet, courts, hispides (j'ai remarqu6
que ceux r6unis en bouquet, principalement le p6doncule central est
en outre pub^rulent), bract^es petites ovales, glabres, cuspid6es plus
ou moins yein6es en dessous, plus courtes ou 6galant le p6doncule ;
tube du calice petit, sph6rique, glabre (d'un rouge un pen pruineux
autant que j'ai pu juger sur les 6chantillons sees) ; divisions calicinales
enti^res, glabres, spathul6es au sommet, plus courtes que la corolla,
rdfl6chies a I'anth^se puis apr^s redress6es conniventes ; styles courts,
veins, couvrant presque tout le disque ; fleurs . . . (difficile de
dire sur le sec la couleur des p^tales, qui semblent ^tre roses ?) ; fruit
petit sph^rique pas assez avanc6 pour juger de la persistance des
divisions calicinales.

Obs, — Ce rosier a Paspect du R. hcida, Ehrh., dont il differe par
ses aiguillons du ramuscule, ses p6tiole8 pub6rulents, ses folioles a
cote pubdrulente, ses divisions calicinales glabres, les p6doncules et ses
styles.

Hah. — In sylvaticis prope Semipalantinsk (Karelin et Kiriloff in
Herb. DC).

Sect CAKDiiE, A. nudsB.

R. ADDiTA, Nob. ; R. coricea, Crdpin (non Opiz) ; R. camna, var.
b. coriacea, Bossier, Fl. Orient., vol. ii., p. 685.

Arbrisseau . . . , rameaux florif^res d'un vert glaucescent
k aiguillons purpurins ou verdatres, dilates k la base, plus ou moins
crochus ; petioles purpurins ou verdatres, canaliculus eu dessus
glabres, lisses, inermes ; 5-7 folioles assez grandes, les latdrales
p^tiol^es, ovales elliptiques attenu6es ou arrondies a la base, les sup^-
rieures plus ou moins acumin6es, glabres, aeeez ipaiesee eoriaeee, d*m

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^^isVuhULTlOV DE8 B0SIEB8. 169

vert fflaueeseentf simplement denizes h dents assez profondes ; stipules
lea unes purpurines ou vertes endessous, glabres, denticuUes aux lords
i oreillettes aigues droitea ; p6doncule8 longs, solitaires ou r^unis 2-4
formant des bouquets de 8 et'i2 fleurs, glabres, le bouquet porte k la
base des bract^es glabres, ovales-lanceoleea k pointe plus ou moins
foliac^, denticul^es aux bords, plus longues que les p6doiicule8, les
autres bract^es sent plus petites et de ra^me longeur que les p^don-
cnles; tube du calice glabre, elUpsoide; divisions calicinales glabres
en dessous, spatbuldes au sommet, 2 enti^res tomenteuses aux bords,
3 pinnatifides k appendices entiers ou portant 1-3 petites dents,
longuement saillantes sur le bouton refl^chies k I'anthese, non per-
sistantes ; styles faiblement b^riss^s, disque presque plan ; corolle
assez grande ; fruit rouge, aasez gros ellipsotde.

Ohs, — Description ^tablie sur les 8chantillons de mon berbier et
portant les num6ros 263 et 656 de la collection Kotscby ; le no. 263
adt6 publi6 sous le nora de H, canina, var. uncineUa; le no. 656
sous celui de R. eatiinay L. : ce dernier est sans locality et I'^tiquette
porte : ** loco speciali non notato,"

JIab. — Juin. Region des montagnes. — Peese. — Mont Elbrus,
Fassgala (Kotscby, no. 263 et 656) ; entre I^iscbapur et Mecbbed
(Bunge in Herb. Boissier).

R. Amansh, DestgL et Ripart ; R. Aginnensts, Ripart (non

p.).

Arbrisseau pen 6\ey6 k rameaux tendres et verdatres, aiguiUons
comprimds k la base et crocbus au sommet, ceux des rameaux florif^res
plos petits les uns crocbus d'autres seulement courbds en faulx, sou-
vent gemines au dessous des p6tioles ; petioles canalicules, parseme'a
de polls en dessus aiguillonn6s en dessous ; 5-7 folioles petites, ovales-
(trrondiesy ovaUs-eUiptiqueSy qtcelqties unes ovales-aigues, glabres, vertes,
simplement dentees ;[8tipule86troites, glabres, k oreillettes courtes, ctltees,
borddes de glandes ; pddoncules solitaires ou r6unis 2-4, glabres, por-
tant k leur base deux bract^es l*une souvent foliac^e au sommet,
larges, ovales appendiculdes au sommet, glabres, plus longues que les
pedoncules, ayant aux bords quelques cils et glandes ; tube du calice
petit arrondiy lisse ; divisions calicinales glabres en dessous spatbul^es
dUtes au sommet, 2 enti^res k bords tomenteux, 3 pinnatifides k
appendices 2-3 courts, ^galant la corolle, refl^cbies k I'anthese, non
persistantes ; styles libres, courts, b^riss^s, disque plan ; fleur petite
blanche ; fruit, petit sphfrique d*un rotige sanguin k la maturit6.

Hab. — Juin. Haies. — Feance. — Lot-et- Garonne, Arasse prfes
d'Agen (Garroute).

Ohs, — J'ai re^u d' Angleterre, du comt^ Nord d'York, de M.
Baker, un rosier qui se rapprocbe beaucoup du R, Amansii par ses
fruits et ses styles, mais T^cbantillon 6tant d^pourvu de feuilles, je
nepuis pas me prononcer d^finitivement.

Sect, CANiN.fi, D. pubescentes.

R. JACTATA, Noh, ; R, Uncinella, Auct., an Bess. ?

JExs, — Unio itiner., annee 1838? ann^e 1839. D^sdglise, Herb.
Rosarum, no. 67 ; Billot, no. 3587.

Arbrisseau ^leve k rameaux flexueux verts ou lavds de pourpre
munis d'aiguillons peu nombreux dilates comprimes k la base crocbus

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170 L'^NUX^aATION D£8 SOUEBS.

ou inclines au sommet; petioles tomenteux inermes ou portant 1-3
petits aiguillons crochus ; 6-7 folioles larges, fermes, ovales-ellipti-
ques ou ovales bri^vement aigues, d'un vert clair parsem^es de polls
et glabres h. T^tat adulte en dessus, pubescentes et glauques en dessous
ne conservant de la villosit^ k I'^tat adulte que sur les nervures,
irr^gulierement dent^es la majeure partie des folioles est simplement
dent^es, quelques folioles ont les dentes surcharg^es de dents acces-
soires vers le sommet, dents cilices et termin^es par un petit mucron ;
stipules larges parsem^es en dessous de quelques poils, glabres
en dessus k bords cilices et portant quelques rares glandes, oreil-
lettes aigues droites ou peu divergentes ; p^doncules courts, solitaires
ou r^unis 1-4, glabres, caches par de larges bract6es ovales-cuspid^es,
glabres^ k bords cili^s et portant quelques fines glandes ; tube du calice
OYO'ide lisse ; divisions calicinales longues termin^es en pointe large,
glabres sur le dos, 2 enti^res k bords tomenteux, 3 pinnatifides,
saillantes sur le bouton plus courtes que la corolla refldchies k
I'anth^se puis redress^es et non persistantes sur le fruit ; styles courts
h^riss^s disque presque plan ; fleur d'un rose pale ; fruit assez gros
obovoide ou ovoide d'un rouge vermilion.

Hab, — Juin, juillet. Haies, bois. — Russib d'Eueope. — ^Volhynie
(Hohenacker, 1839), Tyrse (Besser!). — Ebance. — ffaute-SavoiSy
Haberes-Lullin, Haberes-Poche, Saint-Germain-sur-Talloires pr^s
d'Ann^ci (Puget) ; — Savote^ Puy-gros pr^s de Chamb^ry (Paris) ; —
Isere, foret de Porte derriere Chamechaude (Verlot).

058, 1. Le i?. Uhcinella, Besser, public par riThio itiner. in 1838
et venant du Caucase, diff^re de celui publi^ par la mdme society en
1839 : par ses divisions calicinales glanduleuses sur le dos k appen-
dices ^troits, ses styles veins, les foUoles sont k dents plus fines mais
aussi irr6guli^rement dent^es ; ce n'est certainement pas la plante de
Besser.

• Ohs, 2. M. Cr^pin, PrimitifiB Mon. Ros., fasc. 1., p. 60, dit que
le R, Uheinella que j'ai publi6 n'est pas celui de Besser. Je ne conteste
pas Tauthenticite du type vu par * M. Cr^pin ; mais je dois dire que
I'ecbantillon que je poss^de en herbier venant de Besser ! de plus que
les specimens des herbiers de GandoUe et Boissier dtiquett^s R, Unci-
neUa par Besser! ne sont pas d* accord avec la description, pas un
de ses types a les folioles doublement dent^es: I'^chantillon de
I'herbi^r de Candolle a la majeure partie des folioles simplement
dentdes puis vers le sommet les dents sont surcharges de dents acces-
sbires, les vingt folioles qui se trouvent sur I'^chantillon une settle est
foliia biserrafts.

Le specimen qui existe dans Pherbier Boissier, les folioles sont
simplement dent6es, pas une foliole porte une dent accessoire, les
folioles sont glabres, la nervure mddiane seule porte k la base des polls,
les styles sont glabres, les petioles velus Inermes.

Je crois qu'on aglrait prudemment en abandonnant le nom de
It, Uheinella qui ne se rapporte pas rigoureusement k une forme
tranchde mais plutot k un groupe ilHmlt^.

Sect, Canin-s", C. hlspidsB.
R. LATEBROSA, Nob. ; R, occulta, Crdpln ?
Port du R, andegavensts, aiguillons des tiges robustes, dilates

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jj^tjxvuhuiTioy SES bosisbs. 171

eomprim^s k la base inclines ou l^g^rement crochus au sommety
digh^rant sur les rameaux florifcrM en aiguiUonsfim sctaeis glanMeuXf
ecorce vineuse ou verdatre ; petioles glabres, glanduleux k glandes fines,
aiguillonn^s en deesous ; 5-7 folioles d'unvert sombre en dessus, ovales,
celles des jeunes pousses o vales -Ijuic^ol^s ou ovales-elliptiques, double-
ment dentdes, les dents principales ouvertes termin^es par un mucron les
secondaires par une petite glande, la nervure m^diane porte quelques
glandes ; stipules glabres k oreillettes aigues droites, la partie inter-
stipulaire glanduleuse ; p^doncules 1-2-4, les uns hiipides les auires
gkbresy bract^es ovales cuspidees glabres en dessus, glanduleuset en
dessotts plus longues que les p^doncules ; diyisions calicinales ovales
Bpathulees au sommet 2 enti^res k bords tomenteuz seulement en
dessous, 3 pinnatifides glanduleuses sur le dosk appendices un peu ser-
rules et bord^es de glandes, r^flechies non persistantes ; styles h^riss^s
disque un peu conique ; fruit glabre OYoide.

Hah, — Bois, haies. — Ykajsce. — Cher^ Bois de Marmagne. AvaLs-
TERRB. — Devonshire, Lane pr^s Harestone, Brixton (Briggs).

R. ASPEENA.TA, Noh. ; R, saxatilisy Bor I Fl. Cent., ^d. 2, no. 678,
^. 3, no. 859 (non Steven) ; R, aspratilis, Crdpin ? ; R. glandidosa^
Bor., I.C., ^d. 1, no. 408 excl. syn. ; R, verticillacantha^ Baker, Mon.
of British Bos., obs. p. 232.

Arbrisseau peu ^lev^, dcorce des rameaux b^run&tre ou verditre,
aiguillons dilates k la base droits, robustes, dpars peu abondants;
petioles glabres parsem^s de glandes fines, aiguillonnds ou inermes en
dessous ; 5-7 folioles ovales ou ovales-elliptiques (les folioles des
jeones pousses souvent termin^es en pointe au sommet), vertes en
desius plus pales en dessous, glabres, nervures secondaires un peu ap-
parentes, doublement dent<fes les dents secondaires glanduleuses ;
itipules assez grandes, glabres, bord^es de glandes, oreillettes aigues
dresses ou divergentes; p^doncules solitaires ou group^s par trois,
converts de petites soies spiniformes termin^es par une glande, bract^es
larges, ovales cuspidees, glabres, plus longues ou ^galant les p6don-
cnles ; tube du calice violac^, subglobuleux, convert de petites soies
spiniformes ; divisions calicinales spathul^es au sommet, glanduleuses
sur le dos, 2 enti^res, 3 pinnatifides, saillantes sur le bouton plus
courtes que la corolle, refl^chies k I'anth^se non persistantes ; styles
courts h^rissds ; fleur rose ; fruit rouge ovo'ide.

Hah, — Haies. Juin. — Angleterrb. — Devonshire, "Warleigh "Wood
(Briggs!) — Indiqu^ par M. Baker dans Somersetshire , pr^s Bridge-
water et Weston-super-Mare : nous n'avons pas vu d*^chantillons de
oes deux demi^res localit^s. — Fbancs. — Iserey Le Sappey, prfes de
Grenoble (Verlot) ; — Nievre, la Charity (Boreau).

Sect. Caionjs, E. Collinfis.

R. NTTMiDiCA, Grenier in litteris !

Arbrisseau k aiguillons comprimds, trbs forts, recourbds. Petioles
pub^rulents et glanduleux, non aiguillonn^s en dessous. Folioles 5-7,
fermes, p^tiol^es, ovales-aigues, vertes et glabres en dessus, plus
piles et pubescentes en dessous sur toute la surface ou au moins sur
les nervures, doublement dent^es k dents secondaires glanduleuses.
Stipules lancdoldes, glabres sur les deux faces. P^doncules ordinaire-
ment en corymbe tr^s glabres et hispides-glanduleux, munis de

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bract^es lanc^l^es et glabres sur les deux faces. Tube du calice
allong^, ellipsoide-subliii^aire. Base des sepales et appendices
infSrieurs bord^s de glandes stipit^es, tomenteux en dedans, refl6chis,
non persistants. F^tales d'un ros^ pale d6passant le calice. Bisque
pen saillant, styles h^riss^s. Fruit ... 7.

Ohs. — Cette plante diff^re des M. corymhi/era, eoUina, Desegliseij
par ses folioles doublement dent^es ; par ses petioles non tomenteux
et tr^s glanduleux ; par ses stipules et bract^es glabres ; par le tube
allong6 du calice. — EUe difffere du R. Frtedlanderiana, qui a aussi les
folioles doublement dent^es, par ses petioles non aiguillonn^s, ses
folioles ovales-aigues, le tube du calice allong^ (Grenier).

JSdh. — ALoiEiE. — Haies autour de Constantino (Coste).

Sect, EoLiJBfTEBLS.

E. HE&isPH^EiCA, Herm.y Dissert, (1762), p. 18, no. xiv. ; Koch>
DendroL, 1, p. 226; R. glaucophylUy Ehrh., Heitr. (1788), 2, p. 69 ;
R, sulphurea. Ait., Hort. Kew (1789), 2, p. 201 ; R. lutea, Brotero,
Lusit. (1801), 1, p. 337 ex Lindley; R, Raptniy Boissier, Diagn.
(1859), s^r. 2, fasc. vi., p. 72 ; R, Bungeana^ Boiss. et Buhse, Aaifr.
(I860), p. 84.

hones, — Clusius, Curae Poster., p. 13; le dessinateur a sans
doute oubli^ de figurer les stipules ? Kaessig, Die Eosen, tab. 43 ;
Botan. Eegister, vol. i., pi. 46 ; Redouts, Les Eoses (1824), Uvr. 1 c. ;
Boiss. et Buhse, I.e., tab. vi., f. 1. D'aprfes I'autorit^ de Lindley je
cite les gravures suivantes: Parkins., Parwi., tab. 415, f. 6. liQsc.
Lawr., Eos., tab. 77.

Exsic. — Seringe, Decade ii., no. 13 ; Balansa, Plantes d' Orient
(1857), no. 1171; Tchihatcbef (1858), no. 212 in Herb. Boissier;
Buhse (1847), no. 341, in Herb. Boissier.

Hob, — Mai. Haies. — Phetchb. — Ouchak (Balansa); Galatie^
MontElmadagh (Boissier); Cappadocey C^sar^e (Balansa); Armenie^
Erzinghan (Tchihatcbef in Herb. Boissier) ; Perse horeale, Mont
Elbrus (Buhse in Herb. Boissier).

Ohs. 1. Je possfede en herbier la plante distribute par Balansa et
deplus j'ai pu voir dans la collection de M. Boissier les ^chantillons
provenant des diverses localit^s cities En 1871, Eeuter me fit don
de magnifiques sp6cimens du R. Rapim cultivd It Yaleyres dans le
jardin de M. Boissier. Cost en presence de ces mat^riaux que je me
suis convaincu que le R, Rapimn'6tsLit pas autre chose que le R. hemis'
pfuBvica afleur simple, de plus M. Boissier, a qui j'ai soumis mes obser-
vations, partage mon opinion ; je suis heureux de me trouver d'accord
avec I'illustre auteur de la Flore d' Orient.

M. Boissier en d^crivant dans ses diagnoses le R, Rapini, se basait
sur la plante spontan^e et distribu6e par Balansa, maia k cette ^poque
le R, Rapini n'^tait pas encore cultiv^ ou s'il T^tait n'avait pas encore
donn^ des fleurs ; depuis une observation plus attentive port^e sur
la plante cultiv^e k Yaleyres, fait voir qu'il fautregarder le R. Rapini
eomme 6tant le type k fleur simple du R, hemispharica ; M. Boissier
dans sa Flore d' Orient partageait d6jk cette opinion.

La plante spontan6e a les stipules enti^res, les folioles k dents
composees et non doublement dent^es, les unes k dents simples les
autres k dents doubles, l^g^rement pubescentes en dessous, les dtvi-

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L'^linm ^RATION DS8 B08IBR8. 173

sions calicinales enti^res courtes terminus en pointe : caract^res qui
font croire k un type diffidrent du R. hemispharica, mais il n*en est
lien.

Le jR, Rapini cultiy^ a ^prouT^ d& grandes modifications en chan-
geant de climat et a pris poor ainsi dire les allares du R. hemisphariea :
1** les aiguillons sont devenus plus gr^les: 2° la villosit^ des
folioles a disparu, quelques poils 6paT8 se rencontrent sur la nervure
m6diane, les folioles sont devenues 2 on 3 fois plus grandes et ajant
presque toutes une forme obovale avec une serrature irr^gali^re plus
ou moins profonde au sommet comme dans les feuilles figur^es in Bot.
Eeg., V. i., t. 46; 3** les diyisions calicinales de simples qu'elles
^taient primitivement sont devenues appendicul^es, les exterieures ont
pris un d^veloppement tr^s grand, elles sont larges et denticul^es au
sommet comme dans les divisions calicinales du R, hemispharica cultiv^
dans les jardins ; 4** enfin les stipules d'enti^res qu'elles etaient dans
les dchantillons distribu^s par Balansa sont devenues denticul^es !

II serait curieux de resemer dans son lieu natal le R, Rapini
provenant de graines du jardin de Yaleyres pour voir s'il reviendrait
Il son premier type en rechangeant de climat ou s'il resterait tel quel ?
Je dis plus il serait tr^s int^ressant de resemer en Orient le R, hemi-
spharica provenant de nos jardins.

Obs. 2. Padopte le nom de R. hemiapharica comme 6tant le plus
ancien, il date de 1762 — celui de Aiton est de 1789 — je sais k
Tayance que le nom de R, sulphurea, plus significatif, restera de pr^-
f^ence dans le langage horticole ou botanique k celui de R. hemi-
iplusricUf mais la nomenclature botanique a ses lois que cbaque pby-
tographe doit suivre, n'^tant nullement autoris^ k changer un nom
sous pr^texte qu'un autre est meilleur ou plus connu.

0h8, 3. G'est k Clusius qu'on doit I'introduction de cette plante
dans les jardins en 1605 ou elle fut plant^e k cette ^poque, dans le
jardin de 1' Academic de -Leyde ; on ne connaissait point avec certitude
la patrie de cette esp^ce— on la supposait originaire d* Orient.

Introduite en Angleterre en 1629 par John de Franqueville ;
j'ignore la date de son introduction en France. Desportes, Thory et
Redout^ n'en font aucune mention, pas plus que le Dictionnaire des
Sciences Naturelles, vol. xlvL

Garidel, Histoire des Plantes de la Provence (1719), p. 405, dit
en parlant du Rosa lutea multiplex^ C. Bauh. ; Rosa flava plena,
Clusius, Hist., 114: *' Cette esp^ce est assez commune dans notre
terroir." Ce qui ferait croire pour cette ^poque d^jk k une ancienne
culture, car nous ne pouvons pas admettre que ce rosier soit natif de
France.

L'aire g^ographique du R, hemispharica s'dtendrait k travers
I'Asie-Mineure, TArm^nie et j usque dans le nord de la Perse.

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174 om JL VEW sPEcnss of fluogea fbom the east Himalayas.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF FLVGGEA FEOM THE EAST
HIMALAYAS.

By J. G. Bakbb, F.L.S.

Fltjggea DBAOJBNOiDESy Bahv^ n.sp.y Buffrutex scandens foliig
petiolatis oblanceolatis, racemis paucifloris laxiflorisi pedicellis infi-
mis solitariis vel geminatis.

Subtemperate region of Sikkim and Kbasia, in woods at an
altitude of 4000 to 6000 feet.— i9r. Jlook&r and Br. Thomson,

Stems wide-scandent, firm, woody, clothed with the rather close
membranous bases of the fallen leaves, and sending out branches,
which, like the tip, produce a close tuft of 3-6 leaves from the centre of
which the scape issues ; blade oblanceolate, 3-4 inches long, 9-15 lines
broad above the middle, cuspidate, narrowed very gradually into ^
a distinct petiole 1-3 inches long, similar to those of a Dracaena in \
texture, with 20-30 distinct parallel ribs, showing a distinct fine mid- \
rib from base to apex, full green above, pale green below, quite [
glabrous; scape slender, naked, 1-3 inches long; raceme lax, secund, \
2-3 inches long, 12-20 flawered ; pedicels all solitary, or the lowest j
sometimes geminate, finally 1^2 lines long, jointed about the middle ;
bracts lanceolate, equalling or slightly exceeding the pedicels;
perianth \ inch deep, whitish or pede lilac, the lanceolate divisions
three or four times as long as the campanulate tube ; anthers lanceo-
late, half as long as the perianth segments, with a short ligulatO'
filament inserted into the back a little above the base ; berries 1-3 to
a flower, distinctly stalked, bluish, oblong, half an inch deep.

This is an interesting addition to this curious genus, in which the
two species already known (which Xunth has multiplied to six) are
both acaulescent herbs with a dense basal tuft of graminoid leaves.
This plant has entirely the general habit and leaves of Dracana
ellvptica with flowers precisely like those of Fluggea japonica (Bot.
Mag., t., 1063) in structure and appearance. My own view, contrary
to that of those who have written lately on Ophiopogone<By is to keep
up Fluggea as a genus distinct i^om Ophiopogon, for which latter
Liriope of Loureiro is a name that takes precedence by eighteen years.
Liriope simply differs from Anthertcea by the berry-like seeds burst-
ing the ovary in an early stage and growing and ripening whilst
exposed to the air, like those of Caulophyllum in Berheridacea^ but
Fhiggea and Peliosanthes recede from Liliacea by their half-inferior
ovary, and the latter has a corona from the throat of the tube like
Narcissus, inside the ripi of which the subsessile stamens are fixed.
Dracana graminifoUa, of Linnaeus, is the same plant as Ophiopogon
spicatus of Gawler.

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DICSAinrM UWDULATUM AS A NATITl OF ENGLAND. 175

mCRANUM UNDULATUM, Mri, AS A NATIVE OF

ENGLAIO).
By Hbnbt BotwBLL.

Much has been said and written daring a long time past on the
supposed discovery of IHcranum undulatum, Ehrh., in Britain, and
from time to time I have received from various friends and correspon-
dents specimens purporting to be that moss ; but however specious
their first appearance might be they all alike broke down on the
slightest examination, and could not be suffered to pass muster as the
genuine thing ; all alike failed to possess the true characteristics of
the species, and so were laid aside.

At the beginning of last year a more important attempt was made
to fix the mote in question as a native of England, in a note* bearing
the well-known name of Dr. Braithwaite, and quoting the high
authority of Dr. Lindberg, in support of the authenticity of specimens
gathered long ago in Stockton Forest, Yorkshire, by Mr. Spruce, and
again lately in the same place by another collector. This, of course,
made the matter much more serious, and rendered the fall investiga-
tion of the subject more necessary, as fit)m the eminent position of
l^ose gentlemen in the botanical world, their opinion is entitled
to much consideration, and likely to carry great weight in the minds
of inquirers, or even to pass unquestioned, and so if any mistake should
be made there is the risk of a species not really native obtaining an
undeserved place in the British list.

The half-promise of a return to the subject with which the article
alluded to concluded has never been fulfilled ; nor have any of our
numerous collectors, so far as I know, come forward to offer us any
information upon the point. I should probably have waited longer
for some abler hand to take the matter up in a final way and end all
doubts by fully elucidating the question, but that having lately
, received from two different correspondents specimens of the moss
gathered lately in Stockton Forest by Mr. Anderson, and greatly mis-
doubting their first aspect, I have been led to study them closely
and compare them witti authentic fruiting specimens of Dtcranum
undiUatum from Switzerland, Germany, the Yosges, and North
America, as well as with various specimens of Dicrana of English
growth. The result may be stated in short space, and if I am not
altogether mistaken, will disappoint all who have come to believe or
hope that this fine species— one of the handsomest of the handsome
genus to which it belongs — has really ever been found in this country ;
and the puzzling question will still remain why -©. unduhtum, though
found both in North America and on the European continent, is want-
ing in England, as in the very similar cases of Orthotrichum speciosum,
0. JBraumi, Hypnum reptile j and some others.

On a thorough examination it will be found that the Stockton
Forest plant is only a variety, and but a slight one, of the well-known
and widely-spread Dtcranum palustrey which has grown in a dry place

• « Qrevillea," voUi., p. 108.

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176 DICRAWXTM TTNDULATUM AS A NATIVE OP ENGLAND.

and has its leaves somewbat contorted or crisped, and a good deal more
strongly undulated than usual ; and to D. palustre it is to be feared
will have to be referred all the British-grown specimens bearing the
name of />. undulatum, with the exception of some two or three,
which appertain unmistakably to D. icoparium.

For the sake of distinction the present moss might be called variety
rugtfolium, if it be thought worth while to take so much notice of a
plant that occurs only in a barren state, and probably owes such
characters as it possesses entirely to local influence. A very similar
form of the same species, and almost as strongly marked, has been
gathered repeatedly by my friend, Mr. Barnes, in Westmoreland,
where it grows upon dry limestone rocks ; a very singular habitat for
a species called palustre.

When barren mosses are under consideration it is very difficult to
name them rightly, and very easy to fall into a mistake ; but if I have
rightly apprehended the plants in question and their proper features,
the following characters will render it at all times easy to distinguish
D. palustre from 2). undulatum, and to determine even a barren tuft.
J), sooparium is so well discriminated from D. palustre in " Bryologia
Britannica " that more need not be said, but &ese two species are in
fact a great deal more liable to variations than is generally thought,
and they deserve attention from collectors.

Dicranum palmire : tufts dense, soft, easily yielding when com-
pressed by the hand ; stems weak, flaccid ; leaves erecto-patent and
spreading, linear lanceolate, their basal angles narrowly rounded, their
apices with saw-like teeth, their texture soft, flaccid ; the areolae lax ;
undulations varying much, being sometimes strong and obvious, some-
times almost obsolete; fruitstalks solitary, capsules subcemuous,
suberect.

D, undfdatum : tufts more lax, incoherent above, Arm and strong ;
stems strong and woody ; leaves widely spreading and recurved, linear
lanceolate above, oblong below, their basal angles cordate and decur-
rent, apices with long spinulose teeth, texture Arm and strong ; areolae
close, elongated, and narrow, undulations more regular ; fruitstalks
generally about four or five from a flower ; capsules arcuate, nearly
horizontal.

Of course there are other characters : I only give the salient points,
most of them requiring nothing more than the unaided eye to see
them. The authors of the ** Bryologia Europsea " speak of the
tomentum which covers the stem of D, palustre as sometimes whitish ;
but in all the specimens that I have seen it is rusty-red or rusty-
brown. In D. unduhtum besides being much more copious it seems
as far as my specimens extend to be white on the new stems and
innovations, turning dark brown and blackish on those of past seasons.
Probably this is a character that varies.

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A NBW CHIKESE HTDKANGEA. 177

NOTE ON 8PATE0DEA CAUBA-FELINA.

By Henbt F. Hakcs, Ph. D., etc.

When describing this plant,* I stated tliat its flowers were desti-
tute of the rudiment of a fifth stamen, in which respect it disagrees
with the African Spathodea^ and with the plants separated nnder the
names of Dolichandrone and Muenteria ; but, in extenuation of this
difference, I remarked that Biplanthera comprises species both with
and without an imperfect fifth stamen. My description was entirely
correct, so far as regards the flowers I examined, but I have since
discoYered that the charaqter is quite inconstant. In a number of
fresh flowers which I have examined during the past two winters, at
Canton, where the tree blossoms annually in November and December,
1 find some, like those originally described, without a trace of a
staminode, others with a perfectly conspicuous one, about 2J lines
long, subulate in form, and coloured red like the filaments of the
ant^eriferous stamens. This does not arise at a higher level than
the fertile stamens, as is the case in Spathodea {Dolichandrone) crupa,
Wall., accordrng to Bureau's figure,! but is inserted on the same plane,
asin /8f. (Newhouldia) lavis, Beauv., and 8.{Radermachera) glandulosa,
BIJ The presence or absence of this rudimentary organ, not merely
in allied species, but in flowers of one species from the same tree,
affords a very convincing demonstration of the slight importance to
be attached to the character in the classification of Bignoniacea, and 1
have therefore thought it worth while to give publicity to my
observation.

A NEW CHINESE HYDRANGEA.
By H. F. Hance, Ph.D., etc.

Hydrangea {Euhgdrangea, Fetalantha) MoelUndorffii, sp. nov.,
suffruticosa, subsimpHci, foliis elliptico-oblongis acuminatis 2-4 poll,
longis basi (summis exceptis) in petiolum brevem sensim cuneato-de-
currentibuB serratis utrinque cum caule pilis basi bulbosis strigillosis
subtus pallidioribus, cymis terminalibus laxiusculis, floribus radian-
tibus paucis disepalis, sepalis membranaceis reticulo inconspicuo
sequalibuB albidis orbicularibus exunguiculatis 2-3 lin. longis, fertilium
dentibus calycinis ovatis acutiusculis patenti-reflexis, petalis obovatis
subreflexis purpurascentibus, stylis 2-3 crassis erecto-patulis, ovarii
minuti vertice vix e tube calycis exserto.

In collibus circa Kiu kiang, prov. chinensis Kiangsi, d. 3 Oct.,
1873, leg. Dr. 0, F. von Moellendorff. (Herb, propr., n. 18061.)

* Joum. Bot, X., 258. f Bureau, " Monogr. Bignoniac," t 27.

X Bjusd. op. tt. 16, 28.

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178 BOTANICAL BIBLIOORAPHT OP THE BRITISH COUNTIES.

This interesting plant is closely related to H, hirta^ Sieb. & Zucc. !,
but differs by its less coarsely-toothed leaves, very conspicuously pro-
duced at the base, the presence of radiant flowers, and the shape of the
petals. One of my specimens is an entire plant, and is less than a
foot in height. I have not had an opportunity of comparing the fruit
with that of the Japanese species.

BOTANICAL BIBLIOaRAPHY OF THE BRITISH

COUNTIES.

Bt Henrt Trimen, M.B.*, F.L.S.

{Continued from page 112.)

Lincoln. — [53 South; 54 North; artificially divided. Pr. Trent.]
Chiefly drained by Witham, &c., into the Wash ; N. portion into
Humber ; part of E. by small streams into German Ocean.
1 . — No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs., 482.— Mart., 64.— Gough, ii., 282.— B. G. 385.— New
B. G., 271,— J. Britten, List in White's History of L., 1872.
List of books quoted 'given.
Qainshorough, — ^Wollaston in Phyt., i., 522. — Anderson's Guide,

1847.
Winterton,--'^. Fowler in Phyt., N.8., 1858, 331.
Frieston, — Howittin New B. G., ii., 651.
3.— Sir J. Banks' plants in British Museum.

Leicester and Kutland. — [55. Pr. TrenL^ Chiefly drained by
Trent; S. E. part, including most of 'Kutland, by Welland into
the Wash ; small piece of 8. by Warwick Avon (Severn).
1.— Mary Kirby, Flora of L., 1850. Natural System. No districts.
Cryptogams not included. — W. H. Coleman in White's Direc-
tory of L., 1863. Based on lists for 12 districts " taken from
physical geography and river drainage." No Cryptogams.
No special localities. List of previous writers given. — Crypto-
gams, A. Bloxam, MS. in Bot. Dep., Brit. Museum.
2.— Mart, 61.— Gough, ii., 215.— B. G., 374.— New B. G., 177,
607.— J. Curtis, History of L., 1831.— Mosses, list of (72)
species presented to L. Museum by J. F. Hollings. — Pulteney
in Phil. Trans., XLIX., pp. 803, 866, 1757.
Loughborough, — ^Pulteney, MS. Flora with coloured drawings,
1747, in Leicester Museum ; another, 1749, in library of
Linnean Society ; an abridgment of the first in Bot. Dep.
Brit. Museum.
Leicester, Loughborough and Charley Forest, — Barer plants in vol.
I of Nichols' Hist, of L., 1796, pp. clxxvii — cxc. Includes
\ Cryptogams.

Belvoir, Vale o/.—B^y, G. Crabbe in Nichols* History of L., vol
i., 1795, pp. cxcvi. — cc.

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BOTANICAL BIBUOORAPHT OF THB BBITI8H OOUKTIES. 179

Chamwood Forest, — A. Bloxam and Ch. Babington in appendix

to Potter's Ch. F., 1842. Includes Cryptogams.
Bradgate Park, — Description of B.
3. — Pulteney's plants in British Museum. — ^Herbarium at Leicester
Museum.

Rutland.— B. G. 509. New B. G., 176, 67. Gough, ii., 224*.

Nottingham. — [66. Pr. Trent.'] Nearly entirely in Trent basin, a
small portion of E. drained by Witham into the Wash.
1. — Ordoyno, Flora Nottinghamiensis, 1807. Linnean Order. No
districts. Cryptogams not included.— G. Howitt. The N.
Flora, 1839. Natural System. Includes Cryptogams.
2.— Gibs., 490.— Mart., 83.— Gough, ii., 295.— B. G., 482.— New
B. G. 265., 640,— Pulteney in Phil. Trans., XLIX., pp.
803, 866, 1757.
Nottingham. — Deering, Catalogus stirpium, &c., more especially
about N., 1738. — ^Alphabetical, names of Ray's Synopsis,
ed. 3. — lb., list of scarce plants in Historical Account of N.,
1751.— Sidebotham in Phyt., i., 78, 365.— Howitt &
Valentine, Muscologia Nottinghamiensis, 1833.
The Loughborough Floras and Crabbe's Yale of Belvoir contain

localities (see Lbicesteb).
A Flora said to be in preparation by Rev. E. Smith and Mr.
Irving.

DiKBY. — ^57. Pr. Trent] Almost entirely in Trent basin; small
part in N. W. Mersey basin.
1. — No complete Flora.

^.— Gibs., 498.— Mart., 46.— Gough, ii., 325.— B. G. 181.— New
B. G., 259, 636.— Glover's History of D., 1831, vol. i., pp.
86, 112. Includes Cryptogams.
Breadsall — Whittaker in Phyt., ii., 901.
Repton, — ^Wyatt & Thornton, Flora Repandunensis, the wild

flowers of R., 1866.
Tuthwry Sr Burton-on-Trent^'Elom of district round, in Sir O.

Mosley's Nat. Hist, of T., 1863.
Matlock 8f Buxton. — List of plants in " Gem of the Peak," ed. 5,

1851.
The Peak. — C. Leigh, Nat. Hist, of Lancashire, Cheshire, and
the Peak, 1700.— J. Martyn in PhU. Trans., XXXVI.,
(1731) p. 22.

Ohbsteb. — [58. Pr. Mersey.] Entirely in Mersey and Dee basins.
1. — No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs., 571.— Gough, ii., 440.*— B.G., 109.— New B. G., 254,
635.— C. Leigh, Nat. Hist, of Lancashire & C, 1700.— Rubi,
J. L. Warren in Joum. Bot., 1869, 353.— J. L. Warren, Notes
on a projected Cheshire Flora, 1873, privately distributed.
Warrington.— f3i. Crosfield, Calendar of Flora, 1809.— Phyt. N.S.,
vi., 449. — W. Wilson, MS. notes in copy of Galpine's
Compendium in Bot. Dep., Brit. Museum.
Knutsford.—Oldi localities, Phyt. i., 700.
Frodsham. — ^J. F. Robinson in Phyt. N.S., iii., 193.

N 2

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180 B0TAiriC4L BIBLTOGRAPUr OF THE BRITISH COIIKTIBB.

Manchester 8f Liverpool Floras contain many localities in this
county. (See Laitcastbb.)
3. — ^Herbarium at Warrington Free Museum and Library.
A complete Flora is in preparation by Hon. J. L. Warren & F. M.
Webb.

Lancasteb. — [59 South, 60 West*; separated by R. Eibble. Pr.

Mersey, "^ Drained by Mersey, Ribble, Lune, and other smaller

rivers, into Irish Sea, very small portion in E. in Humber

basin.

1 . — ^No complete Flora. List of common plants very incomplete for

W. Lancaster, Watson.
2.— Gibs., 804.— Mart., 60.— Gough, iii., 145.— B. G., 365. —
New B. G., 299, 659.— Leigh's Nat. Hist, of L. & Cheshire,
1700.
Manchester. — J. B. Wood, Flora Mancuniensis, 184. — L. H.
Grindon, the M. Flora, 1859: popular, descriptive; no
districts. Licludes Cryptogams. — R. Buxton, Bot. Guide to
M., ed. 2, 1859. 1 8 miles radius. Linnean System. Includes
Musci and Algae. — Wood in Phyt., i., 278. — Grindon in Joum.
Bot., 1872, 305.— Mosses; Sidebotham in Phyt., i., 742 ; Hunt
in Rep. of M. Field Nat. Soc, 1864.
Liverpool, — ^J. B. Hall, Flora of L., 1840. 10 miles radius.
Cryptogams not included. Good map. — J. Dickinson, Flora of
L., 1 85 1 , and in Proc. Lit. & Phil. Soc. L., 1859, and Flora of
L. pub. by L. Nat. Field Club, 1872. 15 miles radius, includes
Southport, excludes portion of Flintshire. — Supplement,
1873. — Fisher in Trans. Lane. & Chesh. Hist. Soc. — Crypto-
gams ; Marratt & Higgins in Proc. Lit. & Phil. Soc. L.,
1855, 68, 60.
8outhport,—J. Windsor in Phyt., N.S., 1863, 417.— Concise

History of S.
J5Mry.— R. H. Alcock in Rep. B. Nat. Hist. Soc, 1871. 15

miles radius. List. Few localities.
Freston.—C, J. Ashfield, Flora of P. in Trans. L. & Cheshire

Hist. Soc, 1858-64, in 4 parts.
Lytham. — ^Buckley in Phyt., i. 165.
Silverddle. — C. J. Ashfidd in Bot. Chron., pp. 73, 96.
Warrington Lists contain localities in the county (see Chestee).
3. — Herbarium at Liverpool Botanic Gardens.

York.— [61 South-East, 62 North-East, 63 South- West, 64 Mid-
West, 65 North- West. Divisions artificial, partially correspond-
ing with political ones. Pr. Humher,'] Mainly in Humber
basin, N. part in Tees, E, coast drained by several small streams
into North Sea, W. portion in basin of Ribble.
1 . — H. Baines, Flora of T., 1840. No districts. Includes Mosses.
Map of Teesdalc— Supplement, 1854 ; Fig. Plants by J. G.
Baker ; Mosses by J. Nowell. — Mosses, Spruce in Phyt. ii., 147.
2._Gibs., 768.— Mart., 106.— Gough, iii., 98.— B. G., 663.— New
B. G., 274, 651. —J. Atkinson in Trans. Wemerian Soc, v.

* N. Lancaster is put with Westmoreland.

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BOIAiriCAL BIBLI06BAPHT OF THS BBITISH OOVNTIfiS. 181

(1824), 277.— MiaU & Camngton, Flora of W. Riding of Y.,
1862.— J. G. Baker, K. Yorkshire, 1863. Nine districts
founded on drainage. Full account of Physical Geography.
List of authors quoted given. — ^J. Backhouse in Phyt., L, 1065,
1089, 1126.— Ferns, Newman in Phyt., i., 449.— Whitaker's
Hist, of Richmondshire, i., pp. 414-418.
. TFAt%.— List in Young's History of W.
Scar borough. — ^W. Travis, Cat. plant, circa 8. spontenasc., 1800?
— List in Theakston's Guide to S., 1841, and subsequent
editions. Includes Algae.
Castle Howard, — Teesdale in Trans. Linn. Soc, ii., 103; v., 36.

— Ibbotson in Phyt., i., 677, 781.
Cforefen<?.— Lichens, W. Mudd in Phyt. v., 71, 97.
EsJcdale, — Mosses, R. Spruce in Phyt., i., 540.
SeUU.—W. Curtis, Catalogue, 1782 (reprinted in Phyt. N.S.,
i., 36, 84, 108). — Tatham in Phyt., i., 87.— Windsor in
Phyt, N.S., i., 145, 173, 259, 263; ii., 12; iii., 423,
464.
Askern, — E. Lankester, Account of A., 1842, pp. 50-57.
Sheffield. — ^Hunter's Hallamshire, ed. by Gatty, 1869, p. 10.
Boneaster. — J. E. Kenyon inj Bot. Chron., p. 76. — Fungi, Bohler

in Phyt., KS., iii., 198.
AdwicJc. — P. Lichbald in Phyt., iii., 445.

Halifax,-^. Bolton, Catalogue in J. Watson's Hist, of H., 1775.
— Id., History of Funguses^aboutH., 1788-91. — S. King, in
Phyt., i., 1096.
PontefracL — G. Roberts in Naturalist, i., 255, ii., 194.
Wakefield.— T. W. Gissing, Materials for Flora of W., 1867. Ap-
peared previously in l^aturaHst, 1865-6.— lb.. Ferns of
W., 1862.
Hudder8field.—Tlo]Mik in Hist, of H., 1859.— lb., 1868.— G.

Roberts in Naturalist, ii., 195.
Leeds. — F. A. Lees in Joum. Bot. 1873, 67.
Bradford.-^. Willis in Joum. Bot. 1874, 10.— F. A. Lees in

Joum. Bot., 1874, 78.
Wharfedale.—'KoBse^y S. Gibson in Phyt. i., 291.
Richmond. — J. Ward in Guide to R.
Vale ofMowhray. — J. G. Baker in Grainge's V. of M.
Craven JDietrict. — Appendix to Whittaker s Hist, of C, 1805.
Includes Cryptogams. — G. Roberts in Naturalist, ii., 182.
3. — Herbarium at Sheffield. Herbarium at York Museum formed
by Dalton, Backhouse, &c.
DuKHAM.— [66. Pr. Tyne.'] Drained by Tyne, Wear & Tees. A
few small streams flow direct into N. Sea.
l.—-^, J. Winch, Flora of Northumberland & D., 1831.— Addenda,
1836.— J. G. Baker, New Flora of N. & D., 1868. D. divided
into three districts by drainage. Authorities quoted given. No
Cryptogams.
2.— Gibs., 786.— Gough, iii., 125.— B. G., 239.— New B. G., 319,
663. — Robson, Plantae rariores agro Dunelmensi indigenae
(privately printed). — Winch, Botanist's Guide to Northumber-
land & D., 1805-7. — lb., Essay on Geographical Distrib.,

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182 BOTANICAL BIBLI06BAPHT OF THE BBITI8H COUNTIEA.

1819 & 1825.— lb., Remarks on Distribution, 1830.— G.

Omsby, Sketches of D., 1846, pp. 210-216. — Trans. Tyne-

side Nat. Field Club, 1848 & seq.— See How's Phytologia,

1660.
Stockton-on'Tees. — Hogg, Nat. Hist, of Vicinity of S., 1827.—
Ballast-flora of 8., Winch in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. ; Nor-
man in same ; M. A. Lawson in same, v. ; Hogg in Ann.
Nat. Hist, 1867, & Joum. Bot., 1867, 47.

NoBTHTJMBEBLAKi). — [67 (= Tynolaud, J.' G.Baker), 68. Cheviotland.
Pr. TyneJ] Chiefly in Tyne basin, N. W. part in Tweed basin.
Coquet and many smaller streams flow directly into N. Sea.
1.— N. J. Winch, Flora of N. & Durham, 1831.— Addenda, 1836.
•-J. G. Baker, & G. R. Tate, New Flora of N. & D., 1868.
N. divided into eight districts by drainage. Authorities quoted
given.
2.— Gibs., 876.— Mart., 83.— Gough, iii., 261.— B. G., 467.— New
B. G., 337, 665.— Winch, Bot. Guide to N. & Durham, 1805-7.
—lb., Essay on Geogr. Distrib., 1819 & 1825.— lb.. Remarks
on Distrib., 1830.— Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club, 1848 &
seq. — See W. Turner's Names of Herbes, 1548, and Herball,
1551-1568, and J. Wilson, Synopsis of Brit. Plants, 1744.
Eastern Borderi. — G. Johnston, Botany of E. B., 1853. Crypto-
gams, Hardy and Jerdon, in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club, 1853,
65, 69.
€heviot8,^^Qt. Tate, in Trans. Berwick Club.
Alnwich — G. Tate, History of Alnwick, 1869. Mosses by Middle-
mas.
Holy Island. — ^W. Richardson, in Phyt., N.S., v., 10.
JBerwick'On^ Tweed, — J. V. Thompson, Cat. of Plants in Vicinity
of B., 1807.— G. Johnston, Flora of B., 1829-31. Linnean
System. Descriptive. Includes Cryptogams.
3..-^Winch's plants partly at Newcastle, partly at Linnean Society ;
Robertson's in Newcastle Museum ; Prof. Oliver's in IJniversky
College, London.

W£8TH0SEi;jjii>.-<^[69, including N, Lancaster. Pr. ZakesJ] Drains
into the Irish Sea.
1. — ^No complete Flora.

2.— Gibs., 817 & 846.— Mart., 102.— Gough, iU., 164— B.,G.,

.638.— N«w B. G., 304, 660.— T. Lawson, Letters to Bay,

1688, in »ay's Letters, ed. by Derham (1718), p. 213.

Alphabetical list; contains also localities in other Northern

counties. Modem names appended by Babington in Ray Soc'i

reprint (1846), p. 197. — ^T. Lawson, in Robinson's Nat,

ffist. of W. & Cumberland, 1709.— J. Ottley, Concise Descrip'

tion of English Lakes, ed. 4, 1830. — H. Martineau, Guide to

the Lakes, 1855. — Lynn Linton's Guide to Lakes, 1861.—'

Black's Guide, 1868. — Montane Plants, Baker in Joum. Bot.,

1871, 260.

^endaL — T. Gough, in C. Nicholson's Annals of K., 1832,

pp. 221-225.— J. Nicolsop, Hist, of W. ^ Curaberland, 1777,

y.ol ii., 587.

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8H0&T NOTES. 183

Cartmell Sf FurneBS. — Alton in Jopling's Sketch.
Mr. J. G. Baker, of Kew, is preparing a Flora of the Lake Dis-
trict. Miss Hodgson is preparing a Elora of Lake Lancashire.
CuMBEBLAND. — [70. Pr. Lolces,'] Drained by "Eden into Solwav Firth
and other streams into Irish Sea. Small part of S.W. m Tyne
basin.
I. — N'o complete Flora.

2._Gibs., 846.— Gough, iii., 206.— B. G., 143.— New B. G., 310,
661. — ^Robinson's Nat. Hist, of Westmoreland & C, 1709.
— W. Richardson, in Hutchinson's Hist, of C, 1794^ vol. i.,
pp. 39-43. — Winch, Remarks on Flora of C, 1825. — lb., Con-
tributions to Flora of C, 1833. — J. Woods, Bot. Excursion to
N. of England in Companion to Bot. Mag., i., 288 (1835).—
Lynn Linton's Guide to Lakes, 1861 ; good list. — ^Black's Guide
to Lakes, 1868.
Gosforth.—^. Robson in Phyt. v., 1 (1854).
Carlisle. — J. Nicholson's Hist, of Westmoreland & C, vol. ii.,
p. 591, 1777.
Isle op Man. — [71.]
l.T— No complete Flora.

2.— New B. G., 407. — Winch, Contrib. to Flora of Cumberland,
1833. — E. Forbes, in Cumming's Isle of Man, 1848, pp. 360-
364. — ^Phyt., N.S., iv., 161 ; list of rarer species. — Mosses,
Davies, in Phyt., N.S., ii., 20, 109.
Mr. J. F. Robinson, of Frodsham, Cheshire, is preparing a Flora.

{To he continued.)

SHORT NOTES.

Nativb CouNTEr OF Seeissa. — Li his elaborate revision of
MMacea, in the last instalment of the ** Genera Plantarum," Dr.
Hooker writes, under Serism : " Species unica, in hortis Indiae,
ChinsB, et Japoniae culta, nullibi indigena hactenus reperta." I am
happy to be able to dispel the doubts of my learned friend as to the
native country of this plant, by the statement that Serissa foetida
gtows abundantly, and beyond all question truly wild, on the boulder-
strewn hills round Amoy, where in October, 1857, I gathered a
number of specimens in flower, some of which I feel sure must have
gone to Mr. Bentham at Kew. I have just inspected one retained for
my own herbarium, and it is precisely like cultivated ones obtained at
Canton, where, by reason of its patient endurance of a vast amount of
cutting and twisting about, when delivered to the tormentors, the
plant is a great favourite in the gardens of the Chinese, with whom
the opths topia/rium is a passion. ' I know of no native Euhiacea at all
like Serissa, with the exception of Leptodermis ohlonga, Bge., which —
in the dried state at least, for I have not seen it growing — has some
superficial resemblance, though readily distinguishable by its larger
indistinctly veined leaves, entire stipules, inflorescence, larger flowers,
and five stigmas ; and which appears besides to be exclusively con-
fined to the extreme north of China.-— H. F. Hance,

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184 SHOBT NOTES.

Ebythbostaphtlb viTiGmBA. — Professor Oliver has been so good
as to point out to me that the plant I described (Joum. Bot., xi., 266)
under the above name is a species of lodes^ closely allied to the
Sumatran L tommteUa, Miq. I have to express my regret for the
error into which I fell, and from which a reference to the '' Plantsa
javanicae rariores " would have saved me. I can only plead that the
genus is one not readily discoverable in a '' Systema '' ; and that the
affinities of it and its allies have been variously misuilderstood by
eminent botanists. A comparison of my character with that assigned
to lodes in the "Genera Plantarum" will I trust show that my
examination was neither hasty nor inexact. — H. F. Hanctb.

DisTRiBunoif OF Ctwomokium coccinbum, Linn. — ^In a notice of
Henderson and Hume's work, " Lahore to Yarkand,*' at p. 218 of the
last volume of this Journal, this plsmt is said, prior to its discovery, by
the authors just named, on the banks of the Arpalik river, where the
Yarkand plains begin, to have been **only known in the Medi-
terranean region and North Africa.'* This is an error. In the con-
cluding portion of Kegel and Von Herder's " Enumeratio plantammin
regionibus cis- et transiliensibus a Semenovio collectarum," published
in the ** Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des nat. de Moscoue" for 1868,
Cynomorium is catalogued as having been gathered by Semenow, in
June, 1857, on sandy ground in the Ili Valley, at an elevation of 1000
feet. And the late Dr. Kuprecht, in his '* Sertum Tianschanicum,"
(Mem. Acad. St. P^tersb., 7®* sdr., xiv., n. 4), records its collecti(m, by
Schrenk, in the salt plains of Songaria, at Lake Balkash, (which I
may mention is 7** north of Yarkand) ; and in the Kosehkar Valley,
to the west of Lake Issyk-Kul, (N. lat. 42«> 15', E. long. 75** 25'), on
the 24th July, 1867, by Baron F. v. d. Osten-Sacken, who, in the
introductory narrative to this memoir, says that a single specimen only
with ripe fruit was gathered by a Kirghiz. Besides these three pre-
cise localities, the plant is included in the " Index florae Mongolicae,"
printed at the end of Maximo wicz's " PrimitisB Florae Amurensis,"
fifteen years ago, — H. F. Hancb.

Plaittaoo lakceolata. — I enclose a singular variety of P. lanceokta,
which I picked up a few days ago, in which the heads are unisexual,
the stamens in many of the flowers being converted into petals,
while in others, the anthers are on very short filaments and barren,
altered also in shape, having two horns at their base. The true
divisions of the corolla are also altered in shape and instead of being
reflexed in flowering, they are erect and connivent. The styles are
much elongated and there are sometimes four ovules in the ovary.— N.
A. Dalzell.

CoETDALis CLAvicuLATA IN Co. Dbkey. — rl euclose a specimen of
the above, two good-sized patihes of which I found on April 28rd,
bearing both flowers and fruit, on a gravelly roadside bank in Culmore,
County Londonderry (or from a more strictly geographical point of
view County Donegal). The only locality in Ulster hitherto doubt-
fully recorded, so far as I know, for this species is Warrenpoint
County Down. I think that no doubt need be entertained as to the

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SHORT IfOTBS. 185

genuineness of the present locality, though it is strange that it should
have been hitherto overlooked. — W. E. Habt.

Abnosmal Stapbllb* — Is it known that the StapelitB are rather
snbject to variegation from the typical 5-partite perianth ? Sir H.
Barkly told me last year that one of the species common near Ca e
Town {S, variegatay I helieve) had home 6-parted flowers, and he
showed me the withered remains of the flowers in question. Quite
recently the same plant has again produced flowers of this ahnormal
description, which seems to point to a constant tendency in this
direction of certain individual plants. There is a long row of this
common species growing in the Botanic Garden, and on a ccu^ful
examination of all the flowers, I found a solitary 6-rayed one. I send
a rough sketch of this flower. The division into 6 extends to the
calyx as well as to the sexual organs. Sir H. Barkly has found in a
closely allied species, one 6-rayed and another 7-rayed flower ; and I
have met with a small species (also in cultivation in the gardens) one
of whose flowers was strictly and evenly 4-parted throughout. —
EoLAKn Tbocen.

Asexual Eepkoduction of Fbbns. — ^In a communication to the
Amerioan]Academy of Sciences, printed in its Proceedings (1874, p. 68),
Dr. W. G. Farlow describes the asexual growth of young plants from
tiie prothallus of Pt&ris serrulata. The anomaly was observed in the
Iwtanical laboratory at Strasburg, in about fifty cases. The growth
was seen to commence by the formation of scalariform vessels in the
Biibstance of the prothallus at a short distance from the concavity of
its margin where the archegonia are usually found, but no trace of
these latter were to be seen. At a point between the vessels Pud
the margin, a swelling, usually on the under surface of the
prothallus, soon appears, which developes into a fern-leaf: at the base
of this arises a bud, which is early recognizable by its cap as a root ;
this grows in a direction the reverse of the leaf; after this appears
another bud at the base of the leaf-stalk, and from this grows the
stem. The resulting young plant is seen on section to be intimately
connected with the prothallus, the structure known as the ** foot "
found in sexuaUy-produced plants, being entirely absent. It is hoped
that Dr. Farlow, who is now in London, will shortly have an oppor-
tunity of eichibiting his specimens, which appear to fully warrant his
statement of the entire absence of archegonia in the production of the
young ferns.

THE BOTANICAL CONGEESS AT FLOKENCE.

The International Flower Show was opened on Monday, May 1 1th,
by the King of Italy. Professor Parlatore being unfortunately very
^weU was unable to take part in the proceedmgs ; in his absence
ftof. D'Ancona read the opening address. The exhibition is held in
the new market, a stone building with a light iron roof, and divided by
pillars into three sections. A fountain occupies the centre and a
cascade and rockwork one end. Bound the fountain is a mass of

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186 THE BOTANICAL OOKGRESS AT FLORENCE.

brilliant azaleas, and on either side are large bedsof Palms, Cycads, Tree-
Ferns, Rhododendrons, &c., with herbaceous plants. In each of the
lateral divisions of the building are houses containing Orchids, Glox-
inias, Marantas, Caladiums, Eegonias, Fittonias, Anthuriums, &c..
In one is a hybrid Begonia^ exhibited by the Horticultural Society of
Bavaria. Objects connected with Horticulture and Agrioultare
occupy detached rooms on either side of the market, Holland,
Belgium, England, France, Sweden, Greece, Australia and Mexico
are strongly represented in these sections. The greater portion of the
exhibited plants naturally come from the celebrated gardens round
Florence, such as those of Prince Demidoff, Counts Gheradesoa and
Corsi Salviati, the Torrigiani and Boboli gardens wid the Botanic
gardens of Florence, Pisa, Geneva, Turin, Ferrara, Padua and a few
from Naples. There is a beautiful collection of the varieties of the
Pansy exhibited by Prince DemidofP, and a fine bed of hardy Bambooi.
Dr. Moore, of Dublin, has brought some interesting things with him,
including a hybrid Sarracenia {8, fla/va X 8. Drummondii) and
Ouvirandra feuMtralis, a novelty in Italian exhibitions.

It is, however, with the Botanical Congress that we have to do.
This is held in the different rooms belonging to the Botanical
department of the Museum of Natural History in the Via Romana. On
the tables of the central Herbarium room are microscopes for dissecting,
designed by Prof. Camel, of Pisa, Karl Zeiss of Jena, Steinheil, and
others. The room chosen for the general meetings and for the discussion
of papers, is that in which are kept the valuable coUections which were
presented to the Museum by the late Mr. Webb, the unveiling of
whose bust was the principal attraction of the second day's proceed-
ings.

Mag I5th. — Soon after one o'clock, the Marquis Ridolfi, President
of the R. Hort. Soc. of Tuscany, undertaking provisionally the office
of president of the Congress, requested the Secretary, Prof. C.
D'Ancona, to read the opening address, which Prof. Parlatore was
prevented from doing through illness. After thanking all those who
had accepted the invitation to the Congress, and the various Govwn-
ments who had sent their representatives, he apologised for not being
able to offer the vice-presidency to all the eminent men who were
going to take part in it, saying, however, that the Italian members had
agreed to give up thdr claims in favour of those of other countries.

The names of the vice-presidents were then read out, and each
took his seat at the tables on either side of the president.
They were a» follows: Alsace, Prof, Schimper, Australia, Mr,
Charles Moore. Austria and Hungary, Frof. Fenzl, Br. Maynald,
Archbishop of Calocsa, and Frof. Tommasini. BaVaria. Radlkofer,
Belgium, Senator Cana/rt de HamaL Columbia, Prof Triana.
Denmark, Frof Lmge. France, Prof Bailhn, Flanchon, and

WeddelL Grand Duchy of Baden, Prof Seubert. Greece. Frof.

Orphantdes, Great Britain and Ireland, Br, Hooker^ Mr, Bentham^
and Br. Ba/vid Moore, Hamburgh, Prof Reichmbach, fl. Holland,
M, Bauwenhoff send Prof Suringar. Prussia, Prof Carl Koch ami U.

Wendland. Russia, Prof Bunge, Prof Galeznoff, Prof Regel, and

Comm, Tchiatcheff, Saxe- Weimar, Prof Strasburger. Sweden and

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THE BOTANICAL CONOBBSS AT FLORBKCE. 187

^oTW&jf Profs, Andersson and Schubeler. Switzerland, Prof, Alphonse
is Candolle and M, Desors, Wurtemburg, Prof. Hofmeister, The
Marquis Ridolfi then proposed Dr. Hooker as President for the day,
who was unanimously elected. Two secretaries were then nominated
— M. Stephen Sommier and Dr. Levier, and on the latter declining to
undertake the post, Professor Caruel of Pisa was chosen.

The President (Dr. Hooker) having returned thanks for the honour
conferred on him, announced the opening of the Congress. Sig.
Ubaldino Peruzzi then, on the part of the city of Florence, and as
superintendent of the Institute for Higher Studies, in a few elot^uent
sentences welcomed them all to the city of Florence, and reminded
them of its ancient glory, and of the impulse then given to the pro-
gress of Science and Art.

The first communication was from M. Planchon on the serious
ravages of the Phylloxera vastatrix among the French vines. This
insect seems to have come from America, and M. Planchon was invited
to go there for the purpose of studying the question, and to discover
a remedy. He succeeded so far as to observe that some kinds of vine
were attacked and not others ; he hopes therefore to be able to sub-
stitute healthy plants from America in the place of those liable to
disease. It remains now to adopt a mode of substitution so as not to
alter the flavour and quality of the celebrated wines of France. As
the disease seems to be approaching the confines of Italy, M. Planchon
feels certain that the Italian vines will suffer unless urgent measures
• are adopted. Prof. Targioni-Tozzetti replied that measures were being
taken, and that the Minister of Agriculture had prohibited altogether
the importation of French vines.

Prof. Karl Koch was then called on to read a paper on the specific
characters of the Bamboos which he had been studying in the Trou-
l>e8tkoy garden at Intra, but was unable to do so without exhibiting
at the same time the specimens, which were then at the Flower Show.

M. Famintzin then read an important communication on the mode
of formation of the spores of Stemonitu futoa and Physarum contextum.
In the primitive plasma a certain quantity of nuclei without a mem-
brane make their appearance, and which remain for a long time in this
^te ; in about half-an-hour a kind of segmentation begins to take
place in each of these bodies ; the fissures continue ,to increase and to
deepen till the plasmatic mass breaks up into separate portions.

Prof. Orphanides followed with a long paper on the specific
characters of Colchieum, of which he had brought from Greece a large
collection of dried specimens, by way of illustration. He believed
that many of the characters given as specific were not sufficiently
established.

Prof. Schimper made some interesting remarks on the dis-
covery of a fossil vegetable impression in the granite of Mt. Blanc,
which ^tended ^ to favour the view of the metamorphic origin of
granite.

Prof. Caruel, the secretary, after this exhibited some fine fresh
Bpecimens of Cynomorium eoccineum from Sardinia, and explained the
Mnicture of the male and female flowers.

{To he continued,)

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188 KOTICSS 01 BOOKS.

I^ottceisr of S^ooftjsr.

British Hepatica : Containiiig descriptions and figures of the native
species of Jungermannia, Marchantia and Anthoceros. By JB.
Gabbinoton, M.D., F.E.S.E. London : E. Hardwicke. Part 1.

In 1822, Dr. Greville, in a paper on some new Scottish Fungi,
published in the fourth volume of the Wernerian Transactions, charac-
terised the then recently-published ** Natural Arrangement of British
Plants,*' by S. F. Gray, as "a most extraordinary work, of great
industry, but of less judgment, in which Jungermannia alone is split
into nineteen genera." In the same year as Dr. Greyille's criti-
cism there appeared a small pamphlet by Dumortier (*' Commenta-
tiones BotanicsB ''), containing among other valuable papers a revision
of the Hepaticse, in which he split up Jungermannia into the same
number of genera as Gray. Subsequent systematists have carried this
work of splitting still further, and years before the death of Br.
GreyiUe, the authors of the last revision of the European Liver-worts
had increased the number of generic types included in Linnaeus' genus
Jungermannia to forty-eight. All these forms were included in the
one genus in the late Sir Wm. Hooker's classic work on "British
Jungermanniae." Indeed it is only fair to say that the later systematic
work of Gray and Dumortier was based on the labours of Hooker,
whose figures and descriptions supplied the materials for, and his
analytical key foreshadowed their generic groups. The Hepatiea have
been singularly neglected by British botanists. The last scientific
description of the group is contained in Hooker's Cryptogamic Supple-
ment to Smith's ** English Flora," and was published more than forty
years ago ! The alterations proposed by Gray in our own country and
by Eaddi, Dumortier, Corda, and Lindenberg, were not adopted by
the author, who retained the Linnean genus entire. The addition oi
many species to our Flora since 1833, as well as the greatly altered
nomenclature of the recorded species, made it desirable to secure a
new monograph of the group. It has feUen to Dr. Carrington, who
has long made the ITepatiea a special study, to undertake this work,*
aud we have now the first part of his monograph in our hands. The
part contains elaborate descriptions of ten species, with four octavo
plates, containing some four species on each plate. The style of the
book is that of Syme's " English Botany." The plates do not deserve
much commendation, either for their execution or accuracy ; and one
cannot but feel that a good opportunity has been lost for producing
not only faithful portraits of the species, but of supplying details of
structural and systematic importance, which is not likely to occur
again for years. The descriptive letter-press is extensive and accuwite,
each organ of the plant being described at considerable length. The
critical observations exhibit the extensive knowledge of the author, and
give promise of a valuable addition to British systematic botany. /'^
is to be regretted that Dr. Carrington's plans have not pernaitted him
to state in the way of preface or introduction the general principles of

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BOTAiaCAL NEWS. 189

classification and description which he intends to follow. In a small
group like the H^atica, there should be no difficulty in having all
this ready before beginning the publication, and its possession by his
readers would give them a more intelligent interest in the work.

We must take exception also to the method of quoting some plant
names adopted by Dr. Carrington. His first genus Sealim he quotes
as of Gray and Bennett. But the ** Natural Arrangement of British
Plants/' is by S. F. Gray, and there is in the work not the slightest
indication that he was not the sole author. No one could ever trace
iSw/ifMin " Grfi^ and Bennett's Nat. Arr. Brit. PI.," for no such work
exists. Scaltus must always be quoted as established by S. F. Gray,
eyen though Dr. Carrington and others have ascertained some fifty
years after the publication of the name that the work was chiefly
prepared by Dr. J. E. Gray, and that in the Hepatioa he had the assist-
ance of Edward Turner Bennett, who in his zoological memoirs gave
high promise of an illustrious future which was too suddenly cut
short by an early death.

There are also somewhat numerous misprints and wrong refe-
rences in the sjnonymy, which indicate that greater care is requisite
in the correction of the proof-sheets and verification of the authors
quoted. In spite, however, of such blemishes, the book, to judge
from this first part, will be a most useful one to English botanists.

W.C.

523otamcal j@e)i)jer.

Abticles in Jottrnals.

American Na^wrO'li^t, — (Feb.) — J. G. Cooper, •* Botany of Cuya-
maca Mountains." — C. C. Parry, ** Botanical Observations in Western
Wyoming" (contd. ; and in No. for March).

Apeil.

Gr&viUea, — J. M. Crombie, translation of Nylander on Schwen-
dener's hypothesis, nutrition of Lichens, &c. — M. J. Berkeley, " N.
American Fungi" (contd.). — E. M. Holiaies, ** Bryological Notes."

Scottish Naturalist, — J. Keith, **List of Fungi in the Province
of Moray" (contd.).— H. M. Drummond-Hay, "Flowering Plants of
the Carse of ^Gowrie, Perthshire." — J. Fergusson, *• Bryological
Notes."

Quarterly Jawrn. Microso. Science.— W. Archer, " Further resum6
of recent obsenrations on the Gonidia question."

Monthly Microso. Jowm, — R. Braithwaite, " On Sphagnum acuti-
folium, ilhrh. " (tab. 57, 58).— T. Taylor, " Fungus of the Hawthorn,
SmteUa lacerata^ Tul. ; (Ecidium lacerata, Grev."

Joum. Zinnean Soe. (April 25th.) — J. D. Hooker, <* On the Sub-
alpine Vegetation of Kilima Njaro, E. Africa." — G. Dickie, ** On the
Marine Algae of Barbadoes " • (pi. xi., Rhipilia Rawsoni). — W. R.
McNab, ** Note on the Pevelopment of the Perigynium in Carex
pulicaris:' — W. T. Thiselton Dyer, *• On the Perigynium and Seta
of Carex (pi. 12).— J. E. Howard, **0n the Genus Cinchona^'-^Q,

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190 BOTANICAL NEWS.

Dickie, ** Supplemental Note on Buds of MalaxU,^^ — J. D. Hooker,
** On Hydnora amertcanaf*B„BT,^' — G. Dickie, "Ou the Algae of
Mauritius." — J. Shaw, ** On changes in Vegetation of S. Afiica
through the introduction of Merino Sheep."

American Naturalist. — D. S. Jordan, " Flora of Penikese Island."
M. S. Bebb, " New Willow (5. IcBvigata) from California, and notes
on other N. American species.*' — E. L. Greene, " "Wanderings of a
Botanist in Wyoming." — C. C. Parry, " Bot Observations in V.
Wyoming " (contd. 20 new species described).

Oesterr, Bot, Zeitschr. — A. Kemer, "On some Plants of the
Venetian Alps." — R. de XJechtritz, " Hieraeium calophyllumy n.s."—
J. Wiesbaur, ** Galium aureum in Hungary ; Seneeio intermedins
(yiseosusxsylvaticus)" — J. Val de Lievre, "Notes on Ranuneulaeea^
&c." (contd.) — A. Kemer, "Distribution of Austrian Plants"
Ccontd.).— E. V. Halacsy, " Localities of Austrian Plants, 1873."— H.
Kemp, " Supp. to Flora of neighbourhood of Vorarlberg " (contd.).

Bot, Zdtung, — ^F. Kienitz-Gerloff, " On Development of Spermo-
gonia of Hepaticge" (contd.). — H. Hoffimann, "On Palaver Blueas,^*

Flora, — L. Celakovsky, " On the Morphological Significance of
Seed-buds " (contd.). — F. Arnold, " Lichenological Fragments, xvi."
(contd.) — J. Muller, " Notes on Nomenclature.'* — Id., "Lichenological
Contributions."

Hedu)igia. — G. V. Niessl, "Correction of Rabenhorsfs Fungi
Europ., cent. 18." — G. Winter, "Mycological Notes" (with plate)
{Belitschia Winteri, Plowright. King's Lynn, Norfolk).

Botanisha Notiaer, — F. W. C. Areschoug, " On the Anatomy of
Leaves " (contd.). — J. M. Norman, " Notes on Plant-Chemistry."— A.
Grunow, " Sphacelaria Cleveiy n.s." — J. A. Leffler, " On a new Scan-
dinavian species of Mosa.^^

New Books, — C. C. Babington, " Manual of British Botany" ed. 7
(Van Voorst 10s. 6d., thin paper, 12s.). — J. C. Mansel-Pleydell,
"Flora of Dorsetshire" (Whittaker & Co., 10s.).— A. Blytt,
"Norges Flora" (Flora of Norway) vol. ii., pt. 1. Coniferse — Compo-
sitae (Christiania.). — B. Carrington, " Britisli Hepaticae, Descriptions
and Figures," part 1 (Hardwicke, 28. 6d. plain, 3s. 6d. coloured ).—
T. C. Porter and J. M. Coulter, " Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado'
(Washington.).— L. Kny, "Botanische Wandtafeln," part 1 (10
diagrams, with descriptive text, Berlin, 24s.) — D. Oliver, " Illustra-
tions of the Nat. Orders of the Veg. Kingdom " (Longmans, 16s. plain,
26s. coloured.).

A new edition in French and Latin of SchousboVs work on the
plants of Morocco, printed in Danish at the beginning of the oentory,
has been published at Lyons.

The "Gardeners' Chronicle" of May 2, contains a paper by
Prof. Thiselton-Dyer on the Tree Aloes of S. Africa. Besides the
long known A, dichotoma of Namaqua-land, the author describes A.
Bainesiif n.s., from the northern part of Natal, and A, BarhercBf n.s.,
from Caffraria.

In the " Revue Horticole " for March and April is given an enu-
meration by E. Morren of the genus TVickoptlia; 17 species are in-

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BOTANICAL NEWS. 191

eluded. There is also a suggestive paper by E. Boze on the systematic
culture of Parasitic Pungi in Botanical Gardens.

In the Bericht of the Senckenberg l^atural History Society for
1872 are papers on the botany of the Canary Islands by Drs. Noll
and Grenacher, on two abnormal fruits of CacttM by Dr. Noll (with
2 plates), and on general plant-geography by J. D. Wetterhan.

"Revue Bryologique" is the title of a new quarterly journal
devoted to Muscology. It is a modest little periodical, consisting of
16 pages, and the subscription for France 4fr., for other countries
4fr. 50c. The first number contains short papers by the bryolo-
gists MM. Boze, L. Pir6, Gravet, Benauld, and T. Husnot the
editor, to whom (at Cahan, par Athis, Ome, France) all communi-
cations should be addressed.

The old-established horticultural periodical, the "Floral Maga-
zine," has quite recently passed into the hands of Mr. "W. G.
Smith as editor, who has for some time drawn the plates. Under
the new management we may expect to see the botanical side of
horticulture somewhat more developed. Four plates of quarto size
are given with each number, boldly, if somewhat roughly, drawn
by l£e editor ; we prefer the excellent woodcuts in the April and May
numbers to these over-coloured drawings. It is a subject for regret
that the figures in all modem horticultural magazines should be
almost invariably spoilt by gaudy and unnatural painting ; so good a
colourist as Mr. Smith might well initiate a reform.

Mr. Van Voorst has commenced a re-issue, the third, of Sowerby's
and Johnson's ** British Wild Flowers." Each monthly part, price
3b., contains 4 fully coloured plates, and each plate a fragment suffi-
cient for identification of 20 species taken from the original figures
of English 'Botany, with descriptions. There will be 22 monthly
parts. As an illustrated key or index to the British flora this book
has proved very useful. We also observe that Messrs. Wame have
commenced a third issue of Miss Pratt's ** Flowering Plants and
Ferns of Great Britain,** the most trustworthy, as far as it goes, of
the popular books on the subject.

Prof. Bentley delivered a lecture at the Boyal Botanic Gardens,
Regent's Park, on March 14th, upon the character, properties, and
uses of Eucalyptus fflohulus, and other species of the genus. This has
been since printed, and contains a succinct account of what is known
of the subject.

Karl Friedrich Meisner, or, as he recently spelt his name, Meiss-
ner, Professor of Botany at Basle, died on May 2nd, after a long
illness. He was bom at Berne, November 1, 1800. His mono-
graph of Polygonum appeared in 1826, and for forty years from
that date various papers and works on Pol/ygonacetB^ Lawrine<B and
other apetalous plants have been published by him. The mono-
graphs of these two natural orders in De CandoUe's ** Prodromus,"
as well as those of Proteacea, Thymelece^ and Hemandiacea were
written by Meissner, and he is also the author of several monographs in
the " Flora Brasiliensis " and of a very comprehensive and useful work
which must have been the result of an immense amount of labour,
with the title of " Plantarum Vascularium Genera," which was printed
in 1836-43. The late Professor attended the Botanical Congress in

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192 BOTAKICAL NEW8.

London in 1 866, since whicli year he has been more or less an invalid,
and has not, we believe, recently nndertaken the duties of his chair.
He was a foreign member of the Linnean Society of London.

Clande Ghiy, the well-known historian and botanist of Chili, has
recently died, in his seventy-fonrth year. He was the author of an
extensive work on the history and biology of Chili, and of namerous
papers bearing on the same subject. He was a member of the French
Institute.

The death of Dr. G. A. Herrich-Schaeffer occurred on April 14th,
in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He was director of the Bavarian
Botanical Society, and editor of the B«gensberg periodical <* Flora,"
from 1861 to 1871.

With deep concern we read that there is every reason to believe
that the BrCv. R. T. Lowe perished in the wreck of the " Liberia"
on his way to Madeira. As is known to most of our readers, this ac-
complished botanist, and good and amiable man, had been long
engaged on a Flora of Madeira, of which one volume and two parts
of a second have been published. Waiting more definite news, we
postpone any further details of Mr. Lowe's life and works.

Messrs. Porta and Kigo have set off on a botanical expedition this
summer into the Abruzzi. They will visit the Q-ran Sasso peak, and,
it is expected, will be absent till the middle of August. The subscrip-
tion price to the sets collected is 6} thl (£1) per century. Further
particulars may be known from Eupert Huter, Sexten, Tyrol.

M. le Comte Jaubert has secured from the French National
Assembly the restoration at the Mus6um d'Histoire Naturelle of
Jussieu's Chair of Botany, which was suppressed in 1853, after thedeath
of Adrien de Jussieu, and, by a decree dated January 23 of this year,
M. Bureau has been named Professor. M. Bureau's post of aide-
naturaliste in the Museum thus vacated has been filled by M. Max
Comu.

The fourth Report of the Eoyal Commission on Scientific Instruc-
tion and the Advancement of Science was issued some time back,
and the more important recommendations have been commented on
and criticised by the pubUc press. Much interesting matter will be
found in its pages relating to the two botanical establishments at Xew
and the British Museum, the large amount of evidence before them
having enabled the Commissioners to give much information in a few
words. With regard to some of theit recommendations, we venture
to think that they would not have been made had there been a single
botanist on the Commission. Some one was wanted with a practical
knowledge of the present state of both herbaria and the wants of the
scientific and general public. The outcome of the investigation seems
likely to be that both establishments will pursue their course in their
own way as hitherto.

The anniversary meeting of the Linnean Society was held on
Monday, May 25, when Dr. Allman was elected President injthe room
of Mr. Bentham, and Mr. St. George Mivart, zoological secretary,
instead of Mr. Stainton. Contrary to custom there was no address
from the chair, but a satisfactory balance-sheet was laid before the
Fellows, and there was a good deal of conversation en various matters
connected with the future conduct of the society.

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193

it^rigmal %ttuk^.

NOTE ON THE INDIAN SPECIES OF CRAT^FA.

By S. Kuez.

(Tab. 147, 148.)

In the present paper I wish to take up the question : Is there hut
one species of Craiova in India, or are there more ?

R. Brown, in the 'Appendix to Oudney, Denham, and Clapperton's
"Narrative of Travels in N. and C. Africa," recognises more than
one species, and points out also the difficulty of technically separating
Cf<U(Bva from Capparis, otherwise than by the open aestivation of the
corolla; Hamilton in the " Linnean Transactions," vol. xv., also
indicates^ that at least 4 species occur in the Gangetic provinces, an
opinion with which I fully coincide, althpugh only 3 of his species
appear to me to be admissible. Hooker and Thomson in the ''Flora
o{ British India," however, reduce them all, and adopt only a single
species, which they identify with the Australasian C. rtUgiosa of
Forster. '

Miquel, in his " Illustration de la Flore de I'Archipel Indien,"
figures C, tumulorum, Miq., a species well separated by the oval-reni-
fonn tubercled seeds and long slender petiolules. The two other
species mentioned there must remain for the present doubtful. Fors-
Ws C. religiosa is unknown to me, and t am reluctant to follow the
prevailing opinion amongst botanists in the identity of it with C,
Roxhurghiif the more so as the latter is a xeroclimatic tree, whose
geographical distribution excludes the possibility of its reappearing
in the Society Islands. Loureiro's two species remain still more
obscure to me.

In the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1872, I de;-
scribed a very distinct species, C. hygrophila, which, unlike the
other Indian Specie?, grows in the shade of the swamp forests of Pegu.
Up to that date I followed the views of former botanists, believing in
the great variability of the species. An accidental examination of
the seeds, however, has taught me the danger of superficial examina-
tion, and a glance at the accompanying plates will leave no doubt that
B. Brown, and more especially Hamilton, had good reasons for their
views.

Hooker and Thomson give as the only habitats for their aggregate
species, C religiosa^ Malabar and Concan, and state that it is culti-
vated elsewhere in India. They give the distribution as Tropical
Africa. My own and Hamilton's investigations, however, tend to
contradict their statements, and Oliver's identification of the African
C. religiosa (Fl. Trop. Afr.. i., 99), requires confirmation.

N.S. VOL. 3. [JITLT, 1874.] o

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194 NOTE ON THE INDIAN SPECIES OP CRAT^VA.

The foliage of all the species of Cratava is very variable on the
same tree and at different stages of development, and long acuminate
and bluntish leaves of broader or narrower shape may be observed on
the same branch. The length of the petioles and petiolules is more
constant, if we bring into account variation of the same within cer-
tain limits of the species itself. The ovary appears to be constant in
shape, and in flowering specimens offers some guidance. The fruits
again appear to me to be tolerably marked in shape, although rather
variable in size. The number and nature of the placentas require
further inquiry, but at all events there are either truly or spuriously
2-celled fruits in C. lophosperma and C, Nurvala, Of this Hamilton
seemed to be aware, for he calls onA of his species C» untlocidans. Of
the floral parts only the sepals seem to furnish any characters,
although the petals also in the well developed hermaphrodite flowers
show differences in size and shape in several species. However, I will
not enter here fully into a discussion about these relations, as I have
not flowers and fruits from the same trees in the necessary completeness
and quantity, and it is often irksome to match correctly the different
stages of development from deciduous trees, especially if the external
resemblance is so great as in the case of Gratava,

The following is a short revision of the species of Craiova as fu
as known to me. I And myself under the necessity of creating two new
species, of which C. macrocarpa may have to be identifled with one
or other of the Malayan species when better known. I regret to say
that the material at my disposal is not rich enough for clearing up the
synonymy and other doubtful points, but I hope I have succeeded in
demonstrating that there are really more than one single Indian
species of Cratava,

Conspectus of Species,

* Ovary globular or ovoid-globular. Berry globular,
t Seeds crested or tubercled.
Berry 2-oelled ; seeds i in. long, compressed, tubercled-spinn-

lose on back.— C lophosperma.
Berry 1 -celled; seeds reniform-oblong, c. 2 lin. long,
sparingly tubercled. — C, tumuhrum.
If Seeds smooth. Berry 1 -celled.

Sepals petaloid, from ovate to lanceolate ; petals 1-1^ in.
long; seeds helicoid-reniform 2^-3 lin. long., blackish.
— C. Roxhurghii.
Sepals linear, subulate-acuminate ; petals \ in. long ; seeds
trigonous or angular-reniform, 4-6 lin. long. — C, milo-
cularis,
** Ovary oblong or cylindrical,
f Seeds J in. long, smooth ?.

Berry elliptical, 2j-3 in. long, along with the stalk densely
set with pale lenticals. — C. macrocarpa.
tt Seeds li-2 lin. long.
Berry ovoid or oblong, 2-celled?; seeds angular and flat;

large tree. — C, Nurvala,
Berry spindle-shaped oblong, 1 -celled; seeds reniform,
smooth ; small shrub. — C. hygrophila.

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NOTE OK THE INBIAN SPECIES OF CRAT^VA. 195

1. C. LOPHOSPEMCA, HOP. sp, A Small tree, all parts glabrous;
leaves 3-folLolatey glabrous, petiole 1-1-^ in. long ; adult leaflets ovate-
lanceolate, the lateral ones obliquely so, unequal and oblique at base ;
petiolule 1-2 lin. long, long-acuminate, chartaceous, glaucescent
beneath, the lateral nerves rather prominent; flowers unknown;
berry globular, 2-celled, the size of a wild apple, roughish, whitish ;
seeds reniform, somewhat compressed and perforate in centre, c. 4 lin.
broad and long, the sides almost smooth, the back tubercled-spinu-
lose.

Hah, — Banks of the Koolsee river, Kamroop, Assam. {Gustav
Mann.) Fr. July. (Tab. 147, fig. 4—6.)

2. C. TUMULOEFM, Mtq, HI. fl. Arch. Ind., i., 21., t. xi. — (C.
%Mf, Bl. Bijdr., 54 et Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat., i., 2, 102, non alior.)

Ifab, — Java*

3. C. RoxBUHGHn, R. Br.y in Denh. & Clapper. . Afric, Trav.
Append., 224. Hook. Ic. PL, t, 178. — (Capparis trifoliatay Roxb.
Fl. Ind. ii., 571 ; C, odora and C, religioaa, Ham. in Linn. Trans, xv., *
122 and 119.)

Hab. — l^ot unfrequent in the drier parts of Hindostan and N. W.
India, as in Ceylon f , Thilum, Kamroop, Saugor, Coimbatore, &c. ;
also in the Prome District of Pegu. Fl. hot season. (Tab. 148, fig.
1-5.)

4. C. iJinLocuLAKis, Sam,, in Linn. Trans, xv., 121. — ^Berries
globular, an inch thick, smooth, sprinkled with whitish dots ; seeds
trigoriously or angular-reniform, c. 4-5 lin. long, smooth, blackish.

Hob, — Terai of the Himalayas, Kamroop (Ham.) ; Sikkim Terai,
in dry and sal-forests not uncommon. Fl. hot season ; Fr. close of
rains. Grows on gravelly substrata chiefly. (Tab. 147, fig. 1 — 3.)

5. C. MACROCAEPA, nov, sp, Trcc ?, aU parts glabrous ; leaves 3-
foliolate, petiole 2 to 4 in., long, slender glabrous ; young leaflets
ovate-lanceolate, the lateral ones unequally so, very shortly petioluled
or almost sessile, 3-4 in. long, cuneate-acuminate at base, usually
bluntish acuminate, membranous; flowers (hermaphr.) large, pedicels
l-l^ in. long, glabrous, arising solitary from the axils of the young
leaves ; petals oval, blunt ; the blade 1 in. long, the claw about ^ in.
long; filaments 2J-2^ in. long, not more than 15, berry 2J-3 in. long,
elliptical, on a lenticellate-rough stalk of similar length, pale coloured
and roughish from numerous whitish lenticels, 1 -celled; seeds about
i in. long, (unripe and much collapsed, but apparently reniform-
compressed, with rounded back, or angular-reniform, smooth.)

Edb. — Malaya (Maingay, No. 125).

The species requires comparison with C. membramfoUa, Miq., on
the one side, and with C, Nurvala of this Dutch botanist on the
other. (Tab. 148, fig. 8—10.)

6. C. Ntjbvala, Ham.^ in Linn. Trans., xv., 121. — C, Nurvala,
Bheed. Hort. Malab., iii., t. 42 ; C. Tapia, Yhl. Symb. iii., 61 ?).—
Berry according to Rheede oblong or roundish oblong, ** the flesh
4-parted " ; seeds yellowish, very hard, angular and flat. Sepals
narrower and smaller than in C, Roxbwghii; ovary always oblong.

Hab, — All along the western coasts of Hindustan.

A species with oblong ovary but broader leaves, of which the
unripe fruit is 2-celled, occiirs in the Khasya hills, Assam, Silhet, and

o 2

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196 OONTEIBXJnONS TO OBCHTDOLOGT.

Upper Tenasserim. This is no doubt the tree to which allusion is
made by Hamilton, I.e., 122. I haye little doubt it is the true C
ITurvah.

7. C. HTOEOPinLA, Siirz, in Joum. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, 292.—
Seeds compressed reniform, c. 2 lin. long, smooth and glossy.

ffah. — Not uncommon in the swampy forests of the Irrawaddi
Alluvium of Pegu.— Fr. cold season. (Tab. 148, fig. 6, 7.)
Incompletely hnovm species.

C, m&rnbranifolia^ Miq. Suppl. Fl. Sumatr., 887. — W. Sumatra.

C. religiosa, Bl. Bijdr., 59 ; non Forst. ; Miq. HI. Fl. A^'ch. Ind.,
i., 20.— (a Magna, Hassk. Cat. Bog. ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat., i., 102, et
Suppl. Fl. Sumatr., 387.) — Java and W. Sumatra.

C. religma, Forst. Prod, i., 203. — Society Islands.

C, magna, DC. Prod., i., 243. — {Cappans magna^ Lour. Fl. Coch.,
i., 404);— Cochin China.

C/faUata, Dr. Prod., i., 243. — {CapparU falcata^ Lour. Fl. Coch.,
i., 406).— China, Canton.

Dbbo&iption 07 Tab. 147 & 148.

Tab., 147. — Fig. I, Craiova uniloeularis, Ham ; 2, Fruit ; and 3, seeds ; iillnai
size. 4. fruit, and 6, seed of C lophoipgrma, Knxz, nat. size ; 6, seed somewhat
enlarged.

Tab, 148. — Pig. 1, Fmit of C. JRoxburghii, R. Br. ; 2, same cat transversely;
8 and 4, seeds ; all nat. size ; 6, seed, magnified (1-3 copied from Roxburgh's
drawings) ; 6, berry ; and 7, seed of ^C, kvgrophila, Eurz, nat. size. 8, berry,
and 9 and 10 unripe, and collapsed seeds oi CL maercearpa, Kurz, nat. size.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW 8IKKIM VIITE.
By S. Kuez.

Vins spECTABiLiB, JPwrs. — Frutex alte scandens, feirugineo-
hirsutus ; folia lato-cordata, obsolete 3-5-lobato, basi sinuato-cordata,
obtusa, denticulata, J-f ped. lata, petiole crasso 2-3 lin. longo suffulta
V. subsessilia, crasse membranacea, fermgineo-hirsuta, supra scabres-
centia ; flores minimi, pedicello gracili 1-3 lin. longo suffulti, cymas
pedunculatas trichotomas oppositifolias parce ferrugineo-hirsutas
efficientes ; pedunculus ^1^ poll, longus ; calyx truncatus, J lin. vix
longus; petala linQ^m circiter longa, canescenti-puberula ; stylus c.
^ liD. longus, truncatus ; baccae valde immaturas obovat©.

Has. — ^In the damp hill forests about Khersiong, at 5000-6000ft.
elevation. Sikkim, Himalaya. — Fl. Jul. Sept.

Habit and affinity of V, Zinnai, but widely diflfering by the indu-
mentum, almost sessile leaves, etc

CONTEIBTJTIONS TO ORCHIDOLOGY.
By H. G. Reichenbach, fil.
I. Nim Orchids discovered hy the Rev. C. Parish, at Moulmein.

A fiiU enumeration of the Orchids of Moulmein, Burmah, has just
appeared in the '< Transactions" of the Linnean Society of London,

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CONTBIBUTIONS TO ORCHIDOLOGT. 197

which kindly undertook its publication. I now give descriptions of
the new species discovered in 1873.

HKMT?n.TA CALOPHYLLA, FoT, Sf Rohh.f,; foUo touui cuneato
oblongo seu rotundo acuto brunneo marmorato, pedunculo tenui univa*
ginato apice racemoso plurifloro, bracteis triangulis ovatis ovaria pedi-
cellata longe non SBquantibus, sepalis triangulis, sepalo summo quidem
minus attenuate, sepalis trianguHs minus acutis, labello obloi^go seu
obovato antice retusiusculo emarginato undulate, calcari conice
ovario pedicellate duple breviore, processu rostellari uncinate ascen-
dente, cruribus stigmaticis minutis inclusis.

The leaf is dark green, very beautifully mettled and netted with
brown, and equals that of the common Hemipilia cordtfolta, Lindl.,
as does the whole plant. The elegant flowers are white with green
tips to the sepals and petsds, the lip is purplish, and, according to a
note of the Rev. C. Parish, flowers wholly purplish occur. The
striking features of the plant are found in its cuneate leaf (though I
have a single specimen from the Himalayas of H, cordifoUa with such
aleaf, whilst aU the ether specimens are duly cordate), and in the very
distinct conical spur. I know nothing of the colour of the leaves in
the common H. cordifolia. The column is acute at its apex, and the
aides of the stigmatic hollow are retuse and emarginate. The rostellar
process is produced like a beak, and the caudicles furnished with a
very strongly marked angle.

For my first knowledge of this plant I have to thank Dr. Hooker
and Prof. Oliver, who showed me a rough sketch, and either one or
two separate flowers which had been sent from Burmah, by Mr. Gil-
bert. It was quite impossible to form any opinion on such materials
i'ofrh le dernier goUL More lately I have had the satisfaction of
getting a beautiful specimen (8-flowered), and a very skilful drawing
with dissections, by the kindness of our keen botanist, the Rev. C.
Parish, who observed the plant on limestone rocks near Moulmein in
Angust, 1873. It was a great pleasure to obtain such satisfactory
material at a time when human idleness, to judge from scanty speci-
mens, appears to proceed as though paper bore the price of diamonds,
a bottle with a few drops of alcohol exceeded the means of a private
individual, and drying a few specimens were beyond the powers of
nature.

Saccolabium prageans, Par. Sp Rchh.f,; valde humile, foUis
brevissimis ligulatis apice subacutis obliquis insequalibus, siccis
rugosissimis, racemis decurvis plurifloris pluribus, bracteis triangulis
ovaria pedicellata infima dimidio sequantibus, sepalis petaHsque
jignlatis obtuse acutiusculis, labello elongate trifido, laciniis latera-
libus semiquadratis hinc repandulis, obtusangulis, lacinia media
cnneata apice rhombea acuta medio callosa, ceillo parvo inter lacinias
laterales, calcari angulato apice inflate obtuse ovarium pedicellatum
plus dimidio aequante, columnar basi utrinque angulata.

Our plant is a small thing ; no wonder it was overlooked. The
roots are flexuese, furrowed and very large for such a dwarf, scarcely
half an inch high. The leaves reach the length of one inch ; there
appear to have been seven on the specimen (four fallen off) ; five are
represented in the Rev. C. Parish's nice sketch. They are entirely
covered with flexuose transverse wrinkles, which look very pretty

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198 coirrEiBunoNS to oechidology.

under a lens. The inflorescences are bent down and bear
as many as fifteen flowers, as minute as those of 8, pusiUum.
The sketch shows the stalked ovary green with the middle
part whitish-rosy; the sepals green at the base, the rest
purplish like the whole petals and lip ; spur light whitish-rose. The
smell is like that of violets according to the discoverer, who collected
it May 14, 1873. "We may compare it with the following species :
S. hrevifolium, Lindl., is a tall, caulescent plant, and diflers widely in
its flowers, especially in the spur. 8. pusiUum ( (Eceoelades pusiUa,
Lindl.) has a much longer and very acute spur, and S. gracile^ Lindl.,
has the spur much longer and straight. These are the only species
which need comparison.

BuLBopHTLLTTM {drrhopefalum § sepala et petala limbo calva)
T-ffiinoPHTLLUM, PoT. ^ Rckh. /. ; pseudobulbo conico apicem versus
bene angustato, sicco longitudinaUter favoso rugoso et transverse
ruguloso, folio cuneato ligulato obtuso acuto pedunculum umbelliferum
superante, bracteis latiuscule triangulis uninerviis, ovaria pedicellata
longe non eequantibus, sepalo dorsali abbreviato triangulo 5-nervi,
sepalis lateraHbus ter quater longioribus basi liberis dein connatis
(conglutinatis ?) acutis utroque sepalo trinervi, petalis ligulatis acutis
trinerviis, columna breviter biseta longioribus, > labello ancipiti semi-
lunato.

A sketch by Mr. Parish shows the flowers a pallid yellowish-
green with copious purplish dots. The plant was found at Moulmein,
May 30, 1873.

This Orchid made me think at once of Cirrhopetalum Maoraeiy
"Wight (non Lindl.). Dr. Thwaites, the eminent Cinghalese botanist,
and myself discovered, independently of one another, that Dr. Wight's
C. WalJcerianum, Lindl., was really C, Macraei^ Lindl., and his
C. Macraei was a new species. (See Thwaites Ceyl., p. 299 anno 1861,
and Rchb. f. in "Walp. Ann., vi. 263, 1860 or 1869.) We do not,
however, fully agree, though nearly so, as to the second one. Dr.
Thwaites makes a C, Wightii^ Thw., quoting "Wight Ic, 1652, i
(C Macraeiy "Wight), and C.P., nos. SI 60, 2740, and says distinctly, \
** very variable in size, and in the colour of the flowers, or possibly |
further observation may show that I have confounded two distinct, \
though closely allied, species." I have named Dr. Wight's plant
Bulbophyllum MUcb (Walp. Ann., I.e.), and^ this' will be an earlier
name than Dr. Thwaites's, so far as concerns C. P., no. 3160. As,
however, I am so fortunate as to possess types of both the C. P.
numbers, I must confess that I regard the two as not closely allied
but widely distinct. No. 3160 having been treated with a hot iron
its investigation is disgusting, which accounts for the lynx-eyed Dr.
Thwaites not having looked more closely at it. The other, no. 2740,
differs at first sight by the dark purplish apices of the upper sepals
and petals. Both species are much smeiller than our ^new Parishian
plant, which nearly equals in size true B, Macraei,

It will, I think, be well to describe here these two Cinghalese

BuLBOPHTLLiTM (Ctrrhopetalum § sepala, et petala limbo calva)
Ellle, Rchb. f., Walp. Ann. vi., 263 ; rhizomate repente valido,
pseudobulbis distantibus conicis jugosis, foliis^ a petiolari basi sensim

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ON TWO NEW SP5CXB8 QF PELLiBl FROM NAMAQUiXAND. 199

onge cuneatia ligulatis apic6 bilobis, pedunculi subsequalia vagina
caulina arcta, umbella pluriflora, bracteis triangulis angustis ovaria
pedicellata non aequantibus, sepalo sum mo oblongo obtuso apice
cucullato inflexo 6-nervi, sepalis lateralibus multo longioribus basi
tantum liberis, ceterum unitis ligulatis acutis S-nerviis, labello sig-
moideo ancipiti columna apice tridentata, dentibus lateralibus bidenti-
culatis.— C. P., 3160. Wight, I.e. Thwaites, I.e. e.p.

B. {CirrJiopetalum § sepala et petala limbo calva denticulata)
Thwaitesii, n.8 ; rhizomate teneriore, pseudobulbis magis approxi-
matis conicis longitudinaliter et transverse rugosis, foliis a basi petio-
lari abrupte dilatatis oblongis bilobis pedunculis paulo brevioribus,
vagina una caulina cucullata, bracteis triangulis latis brevibus, sepalo •
dor^ali triangulo trinervi, apice eroso denticulate, sepalis lateralibus
basi fissis demum connatis multo longioribus, petalis obtuse semi-ovatis
acutis apice denticulatis, labello sigmoideo ancipiti, columna utrinque
acute unidentata. C. P., 2240, Thwaites, l.c. e p.

m TWO NEW SPECIES OF PELL-^A FROM NAMAQUA-

LAND.
By J. G. Baker, F.L.S.

The two following new species of PeUaa were discovered by His
Excellency Sir Henry Barkly in Kamaqualand, upon the same
excursion as that in which Melianthus Trimemanua was found ; and as
they are just too late for the new edition of the ** Synopsis Filicum,**
I give descriptions of them here.

1. PELLiBA LANCiPOLiA, Baker, —Stem densely tufted, oastaneous
like the rachis, 2-3 inches long, with only a few minute linear scales
at the very base ; fronds lanceolate bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 4-5 inches
long, 12-15 lines broad at the middle, narrowed to both ends; pinnae
10-12-jugate, patent, subsessile, the upper simple, the central ones
the largest and most developed, f -i inch broad, lanceolate-deltoid, cut
down to a flattened rachis into 2-3 pairs of oblong-deltoid pinnules,
which are either adnate by their whole base or nearly so ; texture
membranous ; both sides bright green and quite naked, as is also the
fragile castaneous rachis ; involucre continuous greenish half a line
broad, crenated both on the inner margin and edge of the frond.

Closely allied to P. profusay J. Smith, from the same country,
from which it differs by its less-divided lamina, naked stipes and
rachis, and remarkably broad involucre.

2. PelilEA NAMAQUEN8I8, ^^X'^r. — Stems dcuscly tuftcd castaneous,
2-3 inches long, clothed throughout with distant spreading minute
linear scales; rachis castaneous, with a few minute scales of the
same kind; fronds lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 inches long, tripinnatitid,
the 6-8 jugate pinnae growing gradually smaller and less compound
from the lowest to the highest, the former distinctly stalked, erecto-
patent deltoid bipinnate J-| inch broad, subequal at the base, the
lowest pinnules lobed or even cut down to the rachis into a few close
entire blunt segments ; texture firm, membranous; both sides bright
green and naked ; involucre continuous similar to that of the other

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206

XUPHOBBIACSiEB VOTJB.

species, but not more than half as broad. About midway between
P. profma and comohrina in cutting and general aspect.

ETJPHOKBIlCEiE NOY^

A CL. Db. LoBENTZ in EepUBLICA ABGBNmrBirSI JJBCIM

BT A. CL. Pbof. Db. Eichlbb cohmtnicatjb,

auctore J. Mxtilbb, Abg., Oust. Hb. DC.

1. Cbotow ABGEwnwirs, Mulh Arg,, petiolis limbo multoties brevi-
oribus, limbo angusto obscure penninervio basi eglanduloso utraque
facie cum ramis et floribus lepidibus argenteis profunde radiantibus
vestito, stipulis exiguis glanduliformibus^ racemis oliganthis bisexual-
ibus y. masculis, bracteis lanceolato-linearibus 1-floris flores superan-
tibus, calycis fern, laciniis late lanceolatis capsulam subsBquantibus,
petalis florum masc. obovato-lanceolatis undique densius villoso-tomento-
sis, staminibus 16, filamentis infeme longo tractu villosis, antheris
dimidio longioribus quam latis, ovario tomentoso, sty lis bis bifidis,
capsulis majuftculis, seminibus laevibus.

Fruticulus l-S-pedalis, ramosissimus. Caules florigeri saepius
pedales, rami duple et ultra breviores, a basi densiuscule foliosi, is
axillis foliorum fere undique ramulum perexiguum valde microphyl
linum valdeque abbreviatum gerentes, tota longitudine lepidibus
fulvescenti-argenteis densis tecti ; intemodia foliis 2 — 3-plo breviora.
Stipulse perexiguse, subinde plane indistinctss. Petioli 2-2^ mm.
longi. Limbus foliorum caulinorum 2|-3^ cm. longus, 4-5 mm. latus,
ramulinorum circ. quarta parte v. triente brevier, lanceolatus, obtusi -
usculus, basi obtusus, supra virens, subtus cinereo-argenteus, margine
integer, satis mollis. Lepides paginsB superioris pro t longitucUnis
12-16-radiante8, paginae inferioris pro } longitudinis 24-32-radiante8
et densiores quam in pagina superiore, omnes centre disculum nitidum
subplanum ostendentes. Eacemi foliis subduplo breviores, ssepe
omnino masculi, hinc inde autem basi florem fem. subsessilem
gerentes. Bhachis angulata, tenuis. EractesB 5 mm. longse, integrse,
bracteolis evolutis destitutsB. Calyx fructiger 6 mm. longus, extus
albido-subtomentosus, intus pubescens, lacinise infra medium glabrae
et pallide fuscse. Calyces masc. aperientes 2^ mm. lati, latiores
quam longi, depresso-obtusi. Glandulse hypogynsB brevissimae, late
truncatse, glabrsa. Eilamenta validiuscula. Antherae ^ mm. longs.
Capsulae nondum omnino maturae 6 mm. longaB, breviter subargenteo-
tomentellae. — Juxta C, leptopliyllum locandus est, a quo differt foliis
utraque pagina lepidotis, racemis bisexualibus, colore cinereo-argenteo
indumenti et fructibus et floribus multo majoribus.

Habitat in collthtM saxosis Las Penas in Reijmbh Argentina prov.
Cordoba : Zorentz n. 288, et ibidem in sihia montanis in Cerro de San
Roque: Zorentz, n. 426., in hb. EicM, et in hb. DC,

fi. CHL0B0PETALU8, MulL Arg., foliis 2-3-plo minoribus, floribus
minoribus et lengius pedicellatis, petalis magis virescemtibus.

Yarietas leviter monstruosa. Eolia 5-10 mm. longa. Pedicelli
florum masc. calycem sesqui v. bis asquantes, nee ut in forma gennina
calyci circ. aequilongi.

Habitat cum forma genuina : Zorentz, n. 288.

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EUPHOBBIACEJB JTOViE. 201

2. Crotoit 9AM00¥vrALuSf Mull, Arg,^ petiolis limbo d-5«plo

brevioribusy limbo breviter qnintuplinervio caetemm pennineriTO ban

subtus sessili-biglanduloso utraque pagina pilis subadpresso-steUatis

mollibus in pagina inferiore subarachnoideo-mollibus yestito, stipulis

parvis subulatis integris, racemis spiciformibus elongatis floribundis,

floribus fem. nnmerods longo tractu subdense dispositis niasculis

paryis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis integris masculis l-S-floris, calyciB

fem. laciniis anguste lanceolatis acutis, petalis florum masc. lanceo-

lato-spathulatis margine puberulis basi utriDque yillosis caeterum

undique glabris florum fem. nanis glanduloso-camosis subsessilibus

olivaceis dilatato-ovatis cochleariformi- v. galeato-incurvis glandu-

las hypogyDas simulantibus, staminibus 16-21, filamentis glabris y.

ima basi puberulis, antberis dimidio longioribus quam latis, ovario

birsutOy stylis semel bipartitis, capsulis subglobosis, seminibus oblique

costatis et rugoso-asperis.

Erutex altitudine bumana elatior. Eamuli, petioli, pagina
inferior foliorum et inflorescentiae pilis stellatis longirameis mollibus
subintricatis v. implexis, nunc paUide fulvis nunc cinerascenti-albidis
vestiti sunt, illi teretes, supeme sub indumento sulcato-angulosi.
Stipulae IJ mm. longae, subulatae, rigidulae, suboccultsB. Petioli 2-3
cm. longi. Limbus foliorum 7-11 cm. longus, 4-5 J cm. latus, ovatus,
longius cuspidato-acuminatus, basi rotundato-obtusus, margine sub-
appendiculato-denticulatus, supra pubescens, subviridis, subtus albido-
subtomentosus, submembranaceus ; costse basilares dimidio limbo
multo breviores, secundarisB utrinque 6-8, distantes. Bacemi 6-9 cm;
longi. Bractead 3-4 mm. longaB, tomentosae. Flores fem. sessiles,
masculi pedicellis iis aequilongis demum praediti. Calyx fem. 3 mm.
long^s, sub fructu baud accrescens, masculus aperiens 2 mm. latus,
depresso-globosus, obtusissimus. Petala florum fem. cum laciniis
calycinis altemantia Talde peculiaria, calyce multoties breviora.
Disci bypogyni pentagoni lobi abbreviati, late truncati. Capsulae 4J
mm. longae. Semina 3J — 4 mm. longa, utraque facie oblique undu
lato-costata, fuscescenti-plumbea, nitida. — Nulli nisi C, Soratensi in
Bolivia crescenti proxime affinis est, a quo prime intuitu foliis magis
membranaceis, cuspidato-acuminatis, indumento longiore et debiliore,
dispo8itione|florum femineorum,Jfloribu8 masc. minoribus et nihilominus
magis polyandris, et deinjforma valde peculiari petalorum fem. differt.
Habitat in siivia montanis umbroiis prope Aacochinga in HepubL
Argentinmsi : Lorentz, n. 293, in Kb, Eiehl, et in Kb, DC.

3. Cboton LoEBNTzn, MuU, Arg., petiolis limbo 4-5-plo breviori-
bus incrassatis, limbo basi breviter trinervio caeterum penninervio basi
subtus biglanduloso, stipulis obsoletis, racemis demum longiusculis
sublaxifloris, rbacbi tereti, bracteis lanceolatis masculis 3-floris,
calycis fem. laciniis ovatis acutis, petalis florum masc. lanceolato-
spatbulatis glabris in ungue dense lanatis, staminibus circ. 16, filamen-
tis infeme lanatis, an&eris duplo longioribus quam latis, ovario
tomentoso, stylis rigidis in crura duo gracilia divisis, capsulis majus-
culis calycem fmctigerum pluries excedentibus, seminibus laevibus.

Eruliculus altitudinem bumanam semiaequans, erectus, dense
ramosuB. Eamuli ultimi et penultimi teretes, bi diametro 2i-2j^ mm.
aequantes et glabrescentes v. glabrati, pallide fuscescentes, illi tomento
stellari satis adpresso dense ex albido-flavicante et fusco v. ferrugineo

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202 ^UPHOBBIACEiB NQYJE^

variegato t. snbferrugineo quasi incrassati ; internodia foliis 3-4-plo
breviora. Stipules sub indumento desuut. Petioli more ramulorum
indumento denso incrassati sunt. Limbus foliorum 2-2^ cm. longus,
8-15 mm. latus, oblongo-ellipticus v. oblongato-ovatus, superiorum
apice aoutus, inferiorum obtusus, omnium basi obtusus, margino
tenuissime et creberrime glanduloso-exasperatus, utraque pagina Bed
Bubtus densius pilis stellatis fere horizontaliter radiantibus breyiuscu-
lis dense vestitus ; costaB secundariae utrinque 3-4, parum conspicuae
sed distinctsB ; glandulsB paginal inferioris flavicantes, arete adpressse,
demum fuscescentes et margine pallidiore obtuso et leyiter prominente
cinctae. Racemorum spiciformium rhachis more foliorum et florum
vestita subferrugineo-argillacea. Bractese 2-2J^ mm. longse, subin-
tegrae. Flores fem. cujusvis racemi circ. 3-6, laxe approximati.
Pedicelli fem. 1 mm. longi v. juniores indistincti, incrassati. Calyx
fem. 3. mm. longus, sub fructu non accrescens, capsulae adpressus,
masculus aperiens depresso-globosus, 2^ mm. latus, dein paulo latior,
cum femineo intus glaber; laciniaB basi altius cohadrentes. Petala
fem. subulato-setacea, calyce duplo breviora, glabra. Disci glandulae
utriusque sexus crassae, truncatae, glabrae, albidae. Antherae apertae
1^ mm. longae demum longiuscule exsertse. Gapsulae 7-8 mm. longae,
subglobosae, truncatae, leviter 3-sulcat8B, pilis stellatis rigidulis densis
ferrugine-argillaceis tomentellae. Styli dense tomentelli, supeme
parte gracili glabrescentes. Semina 5 mm. longa.

Habitu similis C lanato. Lam., sed ambitus foliorum angustior,
folia non longe trinervia, filamenta basi longiusculo tractu valde
vestita, capsulae multo majores et calyx fem. dein nullomodo anisolo-
bus. A (7. campestri praeter alia jam foliis glanduligeris differt.
Juxta C, flaventem systemati inserendus est. Species distinctissima
egregio detectori dicata est.

Habitat in alveis fluminis prope Cordohay in Republ. Argentina:
ZorentZy n. 289, in hi, Eichh ethh. LC.

4. Ceoton mteiodontus, Mull, Arg.y petiolis limbo 4-6-plo
brevioribus, limbo basi abbreviato-palmatinervio caeterum penniner-
vio ambitu angusto margine minute myriodonto denticulis glandulosis,
stipulis indivisis e basi triangulari lanceolato-acuminatis tota lopgi-
tudine breviter glanduloso-ciliolatis, bracteis, 1-floris linearibus
subelongatis more stipularum glanduloso-ciliatis bracteolis panis
triangularibns caeterum bracteis conformibus, calycis fem. arete sessilis
laciniis oblongo-ovatis acutis utraque facie vestitis ^orso juxta
marginem pluriserialiter glanduloso-setuligeris, disci hypogyni lobis
brevissimis, ovario hirsute, stylis basi breviter connatis 4-fidis tenellis,
seminibus laevibus.

Eruticulus circ. pedalis, erectus, supeme ramis suberectis paucis
omatus, tota longitudine foliosus. Caules infeme 2-2i mm. lati,
denudati, fuscescentes, nitiduli, caeterum tota longitudine cum petiolis
indumento sordide albello v. fulvescenti-albido patente densiusculo
villosuli. Stipulae 3-5 mm. longae, firmae, infeme dorso pubescentes,
caeteram glabrae. Petioli 6-8 mm. longi, tenues. Limbus foliorum
3^-4 cm. longus, 10-12 mm. latus, lanceolatus, acutus, v. subacutus,
basi obtusus, margine dense glanduloso-se^ulatus, supra pubewens,
aubtus villoso-tomentellus, junior subtus albo-tomentosus, dein inca-
nus, demum subviridis; costae tenues. Spicae circ. longitudine

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ETTPHOEBIACRaS NOViE. 203

foliomm, basi flores fern. 4-6 compactos gerentes. BraotesB 4 mm.
longaB, bracteolis multoties longiores, margine utrinque glandulis
oblongis breviter stipitatis omatae. Calyx fern, sub fructu 9 mm.
longus ; lacinise extus secus marginem setulis rigidis brevibus g^andu-
las fascas gerentibus omatae cseterumque dorso f ulvesoenti-tomentosse^
intus Btellato-pubescentes. Petala fem. suppressa. Discus hypogy-
nus brevissimus, glaber. Ovarium tomentoso-villosum. Styli
gracillimi, minute fulvo-pubesoentes. Capsulae 6 mm. longss.
Semina 5 mm. longa, — A proximo C, serratifolio, Baill., recedit foliis
ambitu latioribus, stipulis, capsulis et seminibus minoribus et disco
hypogyno omnino alio. — Flores masc. ignoti.

Habitat in coUihus saxom Las Penas prope Cordoba in EepubL
Argentina : LorentZy n, 290, hb. EichL etfrust. in hb, DC.

5. Cbotow GLA.WDUL0SU3 3. CoBDOVBNsis, MulL Arff., ramis et
petiolis longe patenter hispidis, foliis inferioribus longe petiolatis
superioribus s. ramulorum ultimorum mediocriter petiolatis amplis
ovatis grosse duplicato-dentatis tenuiter membranaceis illis longius hia
breviuscule palmatinerviis, glandulis stipellaribus et bracteolaribus
subclavatis sub apice capitate contractis setaceo-stipitatis, calyce fem.
Talde anisolobo majuscule.

Similis C glanduhso <* hirto, sed pili caulium tenuiores, palli-
diores, inferiores vix retrorsum spectantes, foliomm limbus multo
tenuior sed eodem more amplus et grosse dentatus, calyces fem. sub
fructu demum 8-9 mm. gequantes. Gapsulae 5 mm. longse. Semina
3-4J mm. longa, 2^-3 mm. lata. CflBtera visa ad amussim cum a
hirto quadrant. Flores masc. ignoti.

Habitat in fruticetis et sikaticis umbrosis prope Cordoba in
Republ. Argentina: Lorentz^ n. 294, in hb. Eichl. et hb. DC.

6. JuLocKOTON sTJBPANNosus, Mull, Arg.j caule fruticoso, ramulis
compresso-angulosis, petiolis limbo circ. 3J-4-plo brevioribus, limbo
palmatinervio pilis stellatisadpressis mollibus cinereo-albidis utra-
que pagina tenuiter pannoso incrassato, stipulis setaceo-linearibus
elongatis indivisis, floribus capitatis capitulo ovoideo, bracteis setaceo-
linearibus elongatis, bracteolis conformibus sed minoribus, calycis
fem. laciniis 3 rhombeo-ovatis profunde pinnatifidis lacinulis lineari-
bus elongatis adscendentibus diametro rbacbeos lanceolatae pluries
longioribus, petalis masc. lineari-spathulatis undique puberulis
femineis obsoletis, disco hypogyno bine 3-partito glandulis ovatis
obtusis fere omnino adnatis stellato-pubescentibus, staminibus 11,
filamentis undique pubescentibus, antheris 2i^-plo longioribus quam
latis, ovario tomentello, stylis infeme longiuscule connatis 4-fidis
oblique insertis, seminibus praesertim latere ventrali minute ruguloso-
Bubasperis.

Frutex bumansB altitudinis. Rami penultimi et ultimi spurie di-
trichotome divisi, tomento stellarialbido-fiilvescente denso superficie
crispulo vestiti, nonnihil curvati, v. subarcuato-adscendentes, infeme .
longiusculo tractu aphylli, supeme subconfertim 2-5 — pbylli et inflores-
centia circ. 2J cm. longa fereque totidem lata terminati. StipulsB circ.
1 cm. longae, curvataB, villosulae. Petioli 1-li cm. longi, indumenti
copia incrassati. Limbus foliomm 5-7 cm. longus, 2J-3J cm. latus,
rhombeo-ovatus, acuminatus, basi obtuse acutatus v. junior subobtusus,
margine minute sub^ppendiculato-denticulatus, longe quinquenervius ;

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204 SHOBT NOTES.

costsB secundarisd in parte superiore limbi ntrinque vulgo solitarisB .
Indumentum paginae superioris virescenti-incanumi densum, haud
crassum, paginse inferioris paulo longius sed similiter arete pannoso-
intricatum et adpressum, magis cinereo-albidum v. primum flavicanti-
albidum. Bracteae 6-7 mm. longae, valde angustae. Pedieelli fern. 2
mm. longi. Calyx fern, sub fructu 10 mm. longas, laciniae ambitu
acuminata^, utrinque lacinulas 4-6 lineares 3-4 mm. longas patenti-
adscendentes dense Tilloso-tomentosas gerentes, intus infra medium
fascia lanceolata glabra fusca notatae, duae exigusd et integrae. Calyces
masc. aperientes 8. mm. lati, laciniae 3 apice dorse minute cristatae.
Ovarium albido-tomentellum. Capsular 5 mm. longae. Semina 4
mm. longa, 3| mm. lata, nitida, subplumbea, dorso fere laevia.

SimiHs J, Montevidenai, sed semina haud IsBvia, et J. aerrato^ a quo
altitudine, petiolorum longitudine et limbo foliorum neo non disco
hypogyno vestito differt.

Habitat in silvis montania humidis simulque suhcalidis prope Afco-
chinga in RepuU. Argentina: Lorentz, 9». 291, in Kb, EicM. ethh, DC.
{To he continued,)

SHORT NOTES.
FoLTGALA. ATJ8TRIACA, Crantz, — I had an opportunity the other day
(June 15) of revisiting the locality on Wye Down, in Kent, where
three years ago I was fortunate in discovering Polygala aiMtriaca. On
that occasion I gathered specimens from two spots in the neighbour-
hood of Coombe farm, in one of which it is very plentiful this year.
This time I came upon another small patch of it about a quarter of a
mile from the latter, and at; a considerably higher level. Though un-
doubtedly a rare plant, its area will no doubt be further extended in
the county, if not to other parts of England. — J. F. Duihie.

Etthex Caidmraeum, JFatson. — At p. 36 I referred an imma-
ture specimen in the Kew Herbarium from the Azores (Hunt, n. 216)
to this name, and stated that I believed the specimen to be i2. maxi-
mu8, Schreb. Mr. Watson, however, in an appendix to his " Topog.
Bot." (p. 744) says that It. Caldeirarum has ** deeply cordate an^veiy
obtuse root-leaves and perianth almost wholly destitute of tubercles.'*
These characters, which of course quite remove R, Caldeirarum
away from R, maximtu, are not shown in the poor and insufficient
specimen to which alone I referred. — Henby Tiumeit.

Galbopsis sPECiosA, Miller. — There can be little doubt that
as has been already stated by Bentham (DC. Frod., vol. xi-)>
p. 498), the Galeopsie epecioea^ named and characterised by Philip
Miller, in 1771, in the sixth edition of his ** Gardener's Dictionary,"
is the same species that was named G. venicolor several years later
by Curtis. The following is what Miller says about it :— " 3.
Galbopsis {Speciosa)^ corolla flav^, labio inferiore maculate. Flor.
Lapp., 193. Frickly Hemp Dead Nettle, with a beautiful yellow
flower, and purple lips. . . . The third sort grows chiefly in the
northern counties, but I have accidentally found it growing wild in
Essex, within ten miles of London." This was published in 1771. I

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BBPOBT OF THE DBPAETMnfT OF BOTAKT, BAITI8H MTTSXlTir. 205

do not know the exact date of the name versicolor^ which was issued
in the sixth fasciculus of the '' Flora Londinensis." The puhlication
of this latter work extended over ten years, hut did not hegin till
1777, so that speema has a clear priority, and I see it has heen adopted
by Cr^pin in hiis second edition of his '* Manual of the Belgian Flora."
--J. G. Baxbb. ' ■

Cabex dbpatjpbbata, Oood, — I had the pleasure of fiiiding this
plant on the 25th of May last in what I suppose to he a new
station, viz., in a chalk-pit near Effingham, Surrey, two or three
tafts only were seen. Carex depauperata in its. young state somewhat
resemhles C, syhatica^ Huds. ; can it have heen passed over in other
places for this plant ?— Walter W. Beeves.

LATHTBtrs sPHiBBicns, Ret%, m Hebts. — I send specimens of a
Lathyrtu irom Cole Green, in this county. It seems confined to one
spot, a dry gravelly hank hy the roadside, where there must he at
least fifty specimens apparently of different ages ; they extend for
some yards along the hank in company with the commonest wayside
weeds CynosuruSy Daetylisj Trisetum^ Crepis virens, Convolvulus arven-
sis, LtUhyrus pratensis, &c., and look as much at home as any of them ;
in the adjoining field (beans) axePapaver Argemone, Galeopsis Zadanum,
Ranunculus arvensis, &c. The locality is near a railway-station, but
not on the actual road to it (which I carefully examined, as also a small
brickfield beyond) and the manure and other agricultural matters
would not pass it, as all the neighbouring farms are in another and
opposite direction. The plants are healthy-looking, and the pods
(immature) full of seed. There are no traces of any other exotics
in the neighbourhood of the spot, which is sequestered, with no
regular village within some distance. — R. A. Pbyob. [The plant is
•X. spharicus, Betz., a native of southern and western Europe, reach-
ing in^ West-central France to Tours, Poitiers, and Angers, but not
found in the latitude of Paris, and absent from the Belgian Flora.
The flowers and pods present great similarity to those of L, Nissoliay
and the long narrow leaflets, one pair to each leaf further carry out
the first-sight resemblance. Though probably introduced into Hert-
fordshire there is hardly sufficient evidence at present for drawing a
definite conclusion. — Ed. Journ. Bat J]

4txttQst^ anti %h^Qxt^.

OFFICIAL BEPOBT FOB 1873 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF

BOTANY IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

By William Cabbuthebs, F.R.S.

The serious interruption to the important work of incorporating
plants in the General Herbarium, caused by the crowded state of the
Cabinets recorded in the report of last year, has been overcome by the
very large addition to the Herbarium during the past year of eighty-
five large and forty-three smaller cabinets. This important addition
has been fully taken advantage of ; a large portion of the Herbarium
has heen further re-distributed, and room has been secured for the

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206 BEl^OET OF TRB DEPASTKENT OF BOTAmTy BfilTISH MUSEUM.

incorporation of numerous collections. This work of incorporation
has been actively carried on throughout the year, and during its
progress the following natural ord^ have been more or less com-
pletely re-arranged : — Anonacea, PapaneraceaBj Capparidetef Me^edacecB,
ViolacB(B^ CaryophyUecBy Dtpterocarpe<By OeraniaeetB, Oxalidea, Bur-
seracea, Meliacea^ Ochnace<By OlaoinetBy Anacardiace<By ^uphorhiacea-
Connaracea, Rosacea, Crasst^laceo}, Onagrarted, Pi^siflorem^ Cucurhi-
tacea, UmbellifertBy Sederace<B^ LoranthaeecB^ CaprifoliacetB, Dipsaeea-
LobdiacecB, CampanulacecBy Aaelepiadacea^ Borraginace<Bj ConvokulacM^
JSt/droleaeea, Scrophulartacea, Mbrea, Orohidacem^ Juncaeea^ Cyper-
acecBf GramineeBf Filices^ Ziehenes, and Fungi.

The following collections have been either entirely or in part
incorporated in the General Herbarium. The plants of Malta and
Italy, collected by Duthie ; of Caucasus and Siberia, by Fischer ; of
Persia, by Loftus ; of India, by Wallich, and Hooker and Thomson ;
of Java, by Zollinger ; of Kamtschatka, by Captain Cook ; of Abys-
sinia, by Riippell, and Schimper ; of Algeria, by Paris ; of Ashantee,
by Tedlie ; of Congo, by Ch. Smith ; of Western Tropical Africa, by
Perrottet ; of the Cape of Good Hope, by Bowie ; of Oregon, by
Hall; of Cuba, by Ramon de la Sagra; of the Antilles, by Husnot^
of South America, byDombey, Spruce, Jameson, and Ruiz andPavon;
and of the Falkland Islands, by Havers. Besides these, the deside-
rata from the Herbaria of Edward Rudge and of John Smith have
been placed in the Herbarium, as well as a considerable portion of the
plants of the Hortus Cliffortianm.

A large portion of the important Herbarium of British Plants,
presented to the Trustees by Dr. Trimen, has been incorporated with
the British Herbarium.

The original drawings of ** English Botany," together with the
engraved plates prepared from them, and belonging to the first and
last editions of that work, have been partly mounted and arranged ;
they are placed for preservation in Solander cases. The series of
original drawings by F. Bauer, illustrating the growth of the wheat
plant, and the diseases which attack it, have also been mounted for
preservation.

An important collection of botanical illustrations has been fonned
during the year ; upwards of 6000 figures of plants having been
arranged in systematic order, in a series parallel to the Herbarium.

The following are the principal additions to the collections of the
department during the year 1873 : —

1. — To the Herbarium,

General Herbarium, Fhanerogamia, — 240 species from Greece
and Crete; collected by Dr. Heldreich : 300 species from Central
Europe, forming three centuries of Schultz's Herbarium iN'ormale:
35 species of critical plants from Denmark and Finland ; presented
by Dr. Trimen : 128 species from Malta ; collected and presented by
J. F. Duthie, Esq. : 90 species from Morocco ; collected by Schousboe:
98 species from Blidah ; collected by Lefebvre : 595 species from Suez,
Arabia, and Abyssinia ; collected by Dr. Hildebrandt : 85 species from
South Africa ; collected and presented by Dr. Shaw : 564 species of
Madagascar plants collected by Hilsenberg and Bojer : several species

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EEPOBT O? THB DBPAETHSKT OF BOTIVT, BBIXISH MUSBUH. 207

of Solanum from Cape Colony; presented by SirH. Barkly, K.C.B. :
A parcel of plants of Little JiTamaqua-land ; presented by R. Trimen,
Esq. : 458 species from Madeira ; collected by Mandon : 25 speci-
mens of Cinchona from the Government Plantation at Ootacamund,
Neilgherries ; presented by Clements R. Markham, Esq., CB. : 850
species from Texas ; collected by E. Hall : 525 species frpm Cali-
fornia ; collected by Kellogg : 384 species from Mexico ; collected by
Ghiesbrecht : 106 species of Glumaceae from the Antilles ; collected
by Husnot : 60 species from Western Australia ; collected by
Brewer : 256 species from New Caledonia ; collected by Yieillard

and Deplanche. Cryptogamia, — A complete set of Mougeot and

Nestler's European Cryptogams: 154 species of Ferns from the
Antilles; collected by Husnot: 134 species of Ferns from Guada-
loupe ; collected by L'Herminier : 58 species of Hepaticae and Mosses
from the Antilles ; collected by Husnot : 300 species of Mosses of Nor-
mandy ; collected and named by Ettienne : 150 species of Mosses of
Europe ; prepared by Rabenhorst : 230 species of Lichens from the
Channel Islands ; collected and named by M. Larbalestier : 30 species
of Lichens from the Antilles; collected by Husnot: 18 species of
Fungi from the Antilles ; collected by Husnot : 500 species of Euro-
pean Fungi ; collected and named by Thiimen : 200 species of Fungi ;
prepared by Rabenhorst : 900 species of European Fungi ; collected
and named by Karsten : ,90 species of Algae ; prepared by Raben-
horst : 433 species of Cryptogams from Burma ; collected and pre-
sented by S. Kurz, of Calcutta.

British JSerharium, Phanerogamia. — A large Herbarium of
British plants, including the plants enumerated in the** Flora of
Middlesex,'* consisting of about 3000 sheets ; presented by Dr. Tri-
men: 100 species, presented) by the Rev. J. C. Elliott: 50 species of
rare and critical Irish plants, collected and presented by A. G. More>
Esq. : specimens of Lathrcea from the Rev. "W". Fox : specimens of
Cm-ex punctata from Pembrokeshire ; presented by C. Bailey, Esq.

Cryptogamia. — 50 species from Oxford, forming part of Baxter's

** Stirpes Cryptogamicae Oxon." : 10 species of recently-determined
British Mosses; presented by C. P. Hobkirk, Esq.: specimens of
Sphagnum MuUeri] presented by Dr. Braithwaite: 100 species of
Fungi ; collected and prepared by J. English : 100 species of Spharia ;
collected and named by C. B. Plowright : 450 species of lichena ;
collected by the Rev. J. M. Crombie : 100 species of Lichens from
Wales ; collected and named by the Rev. W. A. Leighton.
II. To the Structural Series,

a. Fruit Collection. — Fruit of Jlamatocarpus Thomsoni ; presented
by J. Miers, Esq. : Fruit of Fandanus from "New Caledonia, collected

by Pancher : 2 Cucurbitaceous fruits from Mexico. L General

Collection, — Stems of StyraXy Nicotiana, and Ferula ; presented by M.
Moggridge, Esq. : Stems of Phoenix y Pandanus and CycaSy from Tra-
. vancore : 2 Palm {Kentia) stems and two Fern Stems from New Cale-
donia, collected by Pancher : 69 specimens of woods from New Cale-
donia ; collected by Pancher : 2 stems of Hemitelia ; presented by R.
Trimen, Esq. : Specimens, dissections and drawings of ApodantheSy
Langsehrjiay and Helosis ; presented by J. Miers, Esq. : 90 prepara-

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208 BEPOBT OF THE HSBBABIUM AlH) LIBBAET, KBW.

tions illustrating the structure and fructification of British Fungi ;
J^repared by M. C. Cooke.

III.— To the Fossil Series.

122 sections of Carboniferous Fossils; prepared by J. T. Norman:
4 fossil fruits horn the Miocene of Corfe, Dorset : 2 specimens of
fossil wood from the Crag of Sussex : specimen of a rare
fossil Cycad Mantellia pygmcea : portion of a trunk. About
40 ft. long and 4 ffc. in diameter of Araucarioxyhn, from Craig-
leith quarry, near Edinburgh; presented by T. 8. Hunter, Esq.,
through Sir Bober Christison, Bart. : section of a small stem of Arau-
carioxyhn ; presented by Professor Balfour : 2 specimens of Coniferous
wood from the chalk ; presented by H. Carr, Esq. : specimens of wood
in flint and chalk, and two specimens of fossil Charas: 12 specimens
of fossil plants ; presented by Sir Philip Egerton, Bart. : trunk of a
Coniferous tree converted into jet, from Spain.

The number of visits paid during the year to the Herbarium for
the purpose of scientific research, was 1020. The following foreign
botanists may be specified as having used the Herbarium in prose-
cuting their various studies : — Berggren, of Stockholm, for his work on
the plants of Greenland ; Keichenbach, of Hamburg, for his work on
Orchidacea ; Micheli, of Geneva, for his memoir on Onagrariea ; and Dr.
Shaw, of Colesberg, South Africa, for his investigations into Mossee
and South African plants. Of botanists residing in Britain, who have
made use of the Herbarium, the following may be specified : — Mr. J.
Miers, for his monographs of the Lecythidea and Apocynea ; Mr. 6.
Bentham, for his ** Flora Australiensis " ; Mr. W. P. Hiem, for his
monograph of the Sapindacea^ for the "Indian Flora"; Dr. M. T.
Masters, for his memoirs on MakaoecB and Olaeinea for the ** Indian
Flora " ; Mr. D. Hanbury, for his investigation of officinal plants ; Mr.
E. M. Holmes, for his papers on Algas and Economic plants ; Professor
M. A. Lawson, for his memoir on Celastrinea for the ** Indian
Flora" ; Dr. Braithwaite, for his work on the Mosses of Britain;
the Rev. J. M. Crombie, for his publications on British Lichens;
Mr. M. C. Cooke, for his work on Fungi ; Mr. B. D. Jackson, for his
investigations into the History of English Botany.

EEPORT FOB THE YEAR 1873 OF THE HERBARIUM AND
LIBRARY OF THE ROYAL GARDENS AT KEW.
Br J. D. HooKEE, C.B., M.D., F.R.S.
Herbarium.
TTpwakds of 21,000 herbarium specimens have been received
(chiefly presented) from all parts of the world, including many
valuable collections, amongst which the following are especially
worthy of notice : The Rev. H. E. Fox ; Sinai and Palestine Her-
barium, of about 1,000 species, formed by his cousin the late W.
Amherst Hayne, M. A. Dr. Rein and Baron Frisch ; South Marocco
and Atlas mountain plants, 463 species. Mr. Thos. Cooper ; South
Afiican plants, 3000 species (purchased). M. Maximowicz, on the
part of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg ; upwards of 600
Japanese and Saghalien plants. Dr. Kegel, on the part of the

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HBPOBT OF THB HEBBABIXTH AND LIBBABT, KEW. 209

Imperial Botanic Gardens ; 300 Russian and Altai, and 540 Brazilian
species. Dr. Brandis; Thompson's Qudh Herbarium, 542 species.
Queensland Government, through E. Daintree, Esq. ; 250 species
from the Cape York Peninsula. The Challenger collections ^om the
Bermudas, Cape de Yerd Islands, and Fernando Koronha, formed by
Mr. Mosely. M. Cosson (Paris); Hahn's Martinique plants, 400
species. E. C. Eeed's Chilian collections, 2000 species (purchased).
Eev. J. E. Leefe*8 Cryptogamic Herbarium, containing upwards of
1000 named species of British Lichens, Fungi, &c. Professor A.
Gray, of Cambridge, Massachusetts ; many very important collections
from California, the Bocky Mountains, Cuba, and Mexican mountains.
Dr. Eeinsch's European Mosses, about 1000 species. Dr. Shaw's
South African collection from Albany, Griqua land, about 350 species.
John Hunt, Esq., the Herbarium of British Mosses of his late brother
George Edward Hunt : this magnificent herbarium is, with the ex-
ception of that of the late W. Wilson (specimens of whose collection
are in the Kew Herbarium), the richest in point of specimens, and the
most complete illustration of the British Muscologia ever formed.
Sir Paul Molesworth, Bart.; the British and Foreign Herbarium
formed by his sister the late Miss Molesworth, of Cobham.

The [other] principal contributors to the Herbarium .... have
been: —

EuKOPE. — Eaton, Rev. A. E. ; Spitzbergen plants. Freeman, E.
P. ; Bosnian plants. Janka, Yictor von ; Turkish plants (purchased).
Pichler, T. ; Dalmatian plants. Plowright, C. B. ; British Sphaerise
(purchased^. Eeichenbach, Prof. ; Wfilows. Shaw, Dr. ; Scotch
Mosses. Smith, Mrs. A. M. ; Tyrol plants. Smith, W. G. ; British
Fungi. Thiselton Dyer, Prof. ; cultivated plants from the Royal
Horticultural Society, Chiswick.

Asia.— Aitchison, Dr.; N. W. Indian plants. Beddome, Col.;
plants from Peninsula of India. Benson, Col. ; Indian Fodder
Grasses. Blomfield, Capt. ; Japanese plants. Bulger, Major ;
Birmese plants. ColviUe, W. H. (per Dr. Sharpey) ; Bagdad plants.
Cosson, M. ; Peronin's plants of Asia Minor. Glover, Sergt. ; Persian
plants. Hance, Dr.; Chinese plants. Markham, G. C. R., C. B. ;
Nilghiri Cinchonas. Mysore, Chief Commissioner of ; fodder grasses.
Perry, J. "W". (H.M.S. Pearl) ; plants from Amsterdam Island. Pike,
Col. ; Mauritian Algae. Rabenhorst, L. ; Chinese Lichens (purchased).
Thwaites, G. H. K. ; Ceylon plants. Woodrow, — ; plants from
Western Ghats.

Africa. — Barber, Mrs. ; plants from the Diamond Fields. Barkly,
H. E. Sir H. ; Cape plants. Bolus, H. ; Cape plants. Buchanan,
Rev. J. ; Natal Ferns. Frere, the Right Hon. Sir B. ; plants of E.
Tropical Africa. Harvey, the late Dr. (through Prof. E. P. Wright);
Cape plants. Horticultimd Society, Royal ; duplicates of Cooper's
Cape plants. Kirk, Dr. ; plants from Zanzibar and the Somali coast.
Leefe, Rev. J. E. ; Nubian and Abyssinian plants. M'Owan, P. ;
Cape plants. Monteiro, J. J. ; Angolan plants. Schweinfurth, G. ;
Rubiaceae of the Nile-land. Tuck, — ; plants from the Diamond
Fields. Warion, Dr. ; Algerian plants (purchased).

Amebica. — Bebb, M. S. ; plants from Illinois. Bennett, A. W. ;
Brazilian plants. Eaton, Dr. ; Mexican Ferns. Finlay, Kirkman ;

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210 THE BOTANICAL CONGRESS AT FLOEBNCB.

Trinidad plants, Glaziou, A. ; Brazilian plants. Husnot, T. ; West
Indian plants (purchased). Jardin des Flantes, Paris; Mexican
Cryptogams. Leggatt, K. ; American species of Lcohea, L'Henni'*
nier, M. ; West Indian Ferns (purdiased). Markham, Capt. ; Arctic
plants. Middleton, M. ; Bermuda plants. Nuttall, Dr. B. K. ;
Kocky and Cascade Mountains. Patin, C. ; photographs of New
Grenadan Orchids. Silerj A. L. (through Dr. Masters) ; Utah plants.
Veitch, Messrs. ; Bruchmiiller's N. Grenadan plants. Warming, E. ;
Brazilian Mimosea. Watt, D. A. ; Hall's Texan plants.

AusTSALiA, New Zeaxand, and PACirrc Islands. — Cheeseman,r.
F. ; New Zealand plants. Jardin des Plantes, Paris ; New Cale-
donian plants. Kirk, T. ; New Zealand plants. Lombe, Bey. £. ;
New Zealand Ferns. Macleay, the late G. ; Tasmanian Al^
Mueller, Baron v.; Australian plants. Wyatt Gill, Rev. W.;
Hervey Islands plants.

The accommodation for the Herbarium, and for the scientific
visitors who resort to it, is now quite inadequate. Hitherto it has
been lodged, by permission of her Majesty, in an old building,
formerly the residence of the Duke of Cumberland, in the private
grounds adjoining the Botanic Garden. This Herbarium is now by
for the most extensive and complete in Great Britain, if not in Europe,
and is the depository of the principal Government collections formed
during the last half century, and of information on all branches of
Botany, Forestry, and the vegetable resources of India and of the
colonies, and as such is in constant use in preparing official reports for
various departments of the public service, especially the India
Office, Colonial Office, and Foreign Office. On this account no less
than in the interest of science, it is most desirable that a commodious
building should be constructed for its accommodation, together with
the very valuable library and collection of MSS. and drawings attached
to it. It is hardly necessary to observe that in the construction of
such a building every precaution against the occurrence and spread of
fire should be adopted.

LiBRAKT.

The following important donations have been made : — The MSS*
of the late J. W. Masters, who resided many years in Assam, and
formed large, collections there which are deposited at Kew. The
MSS. of Dr.' Roxburgh's ** Flortf Indica,'* presented by his son Col.
Eoxburgh. A copy of "Hill's ** Vegetable System," a very rare
work, in twenty-six folio vols. ; presented by Henry Doubleday, Esq.
A beautiful series of drawings of plants, presented by W. G. Smith.
The catalogue of Bottler's East Indian Herbarium, prepared by him-
self, and preserved at Madras, has been presented by the Secretary of
State for India, with the view of its being deposited with Bottler's
Herbarium at Kew.

THE BOTANICAL CONGBE88 AT FLORENCE.
{Continued from p, 187.)
May \Uh. — The ceremony of unveiling the bust of W-ebb took
place soon after two o'clock in the room (rf the museum in whi(A are

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THE BOTAIBnCAL COITGABSS AT FI/)EBNCS. 211

preserved the rich collections of plants which he bequeathed to the Orand
Duke of Tuscany. Prof. Targioni Tozzetti having uncovered the bust,
read in the name of Prof. Parlatore an eloquent address in Italian, of
which the following is the substance : — It was probably about the
year 1819 that Webb began to travel abroad for the study of botany
and to lay the foundation of his vast collections. Passing through
Switzerland he visited Italy, and commenced to collect in ^e neigh-
bourhood of Kaples ; from here he went on to the Ionian Islands,
Greece, Turkey, and Asia Minor. In 1826 his herbarium was largely
added to, during his visit to Spain and Portugal, both by the plants
which he himself collected and those which were given to him by
botanists of those countries. In 1827 he explored a portion of Mo-
rocco, and ascended the Lesser Atlas : there are plants also in his
herbarium from the neighbourhood of Oran. After this he passed
some time in Madeira, Porto Santo, and in the Canary Islands. Here
it was that his most important work was accomplished, and from
which resulted the valuable volumes entitled, "Histoire Naturelle
des lies Canaries," which he undertook in conjunction with his
companion Berthelot, whose acquaintance he made in these islands.
Having collected the necessary materials for this object he proceeded
to Paris, where he bought a house which became a centre of ^ttrac-
ti<m to many of the scientific men of the age. Some years after this
betook up his abode in Florence, where he became the friend of
Parlatore and of Leopold 11. , who was at that time the patron of
sdence, and especially of botany. Webb had a desire to remain in
Plorence, but circumstances obliged him to return to England
and afterwards to Paris, where he died in 1854. In his will,
signed 1850, he left to the Grand Duke his herbarium and
library, and he also directed that the proceeds of the sale of
his house in Puis should be spent for the purpose of keeping
th^n in preservation, and for adding to them from time to
time. TTift library consists of about 5000 volumes, besides a
great number of miscellaneous pamphlets. The general herbarium
contains, in addition to the plants collected by himself, several im-
portant collections, such as that of the Spanish botanists Euiz and
Pavon, containing about 4000 species collected in Peru and Chili ; of
the Frencb botanist Labillardi^re, who collected largely in Syria,
and whose herbarium also contains many plants obtained from cele-
hrsted botanists of his time, such as Thunberg, Allioni, Bellardi,
Commerson, &c. ; of Desfontaines, who spent three years in the dis-
tricts of Tunis and Algiers for the purpose of studying the flora ;
and of Mercier, the Swiss botanist, chiefly composed of plants col-
lected in the Pyrenees and in Corsica. Besides these there are special
collections, representing the floras of the Canary and Cape de Yerd
Islands. ... At the conclusion of Prof. Parlatore's address,
which was loudly applauded, Dr. Bolle, of Berlin, made some touching
remarks on the character of his Mend Webb, whose acquaintance he
had made in the Canary Islands. He expressed regret at the absence
on this occasion of Berthelot ani Parlatore, and Anally, having remarked
how much Webb appreciated the works of Alexander von Humboldt,
appropriately placed round the base of the bust a wreath of ivy
wMch he had gathered from the tomb of the author of " Cosmos."

p 2

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212 THB BOTANICAL CONGKESS AT FLOEENCE.

May ISth, — The second meetiiig of the Congress took place on
Monday, at one o'clock. Prof. Schimper proposed M. Alphonse De Can-
dolle as president, who, after returning thanks, called on M. Carl Koch
to read his communication on Bamboos. M. Koch exhibited several speci-
mens which had been sent to the exhibition by Prince Troubetzkoy.
from his garden at Intra. The object of the paper was to define the
specific characteristics of these plants by means of their leaf appen-
dages and by the nature of the ligules, whether represented by hairs
or not. — M. Tchistiakoff followed witii remarks on the development
of the pollen grains of Conifera, He observed that there were three
types ; in the first there are no traces of division, such as is the case
in Sequoia ; in the second type, as in Thuia, there are indications of
division ; and in the third there is a true division with partitions, as
is seen in Finns and Abies. The author concluded by comparing
these pollen-grains with the reproductive organs of some of the
Cryptogams. — A paper was read by M. Radlkofer on some anomalous
stems belonging to the SapindacecBy which includes some of the
climbers known under the name of Lianas. Theb stems are very
irregular, some examples have in addition to the original central
cylinder of wood other centres placed externally to it, the whole
being enclosed by caiobium and bark. In others the woody layer is
divided into five large lobes, each possessing its own cambium, and
there is another modification, where there are three sets of woody
zones, which form round the circumference of the medullary sheath,
giving the stem a triangular shape, and a tendency to divide into
three parts. The author then showed how these anomalous struc-
tures are suited to the mode of growth of the plants, by giving them
rigidity, pliancy and tenacity according to their requirements. — M.
"Weddell introduced for discussion a subject which is now becoming
much agitated amongst botanists, viz., as to the nature of the fila-
mentous portion of Lichens known under the name of the hypha. The
enclosed green Gonidia have latterly been considered by many bota-
nists to be AlgfiB, whilst the hypha is looked upon as a Fungus ; the
Lichen thus consisting of two distinct plants combined. M. Wed-
dell felt convinced that these Gonidia were Algse, he is of opinion,
however, that there is no parasitism but the two growths are simply
co-existent. M. Famintzin did not think that the question could
be thus disposed of, as it had been, he believed, established that
the Gonidia were formed by means of the transformation of the
hypha. Prof. Camel remarked that this proves what he
himself had been the first to observe ten years ago in the case of
Collema, The discussion was taken up Prof. Gibelli, who gave the
result of his observations on JParmelia suhfuseatay by Sig. Delpino,
Prof. Suringar, Prof. Schimper, and others. — This was followed by
a long paper from Sig. Castracane on the reproduction of Diatoms
in favour of the process taking place by germs. M. Pfitzer main-
tained his opinion that the process takes place by segmentation.
— Mr. Hiem read a paper on the value to be attached to the de-
termination of certain fossil leaves which have been referred
to DioapyroSf and other genera of Ehenacece. After a short dis-
cussion on the nomenclature of fossil plants, in which De Candolle,
Schimper, and others joined, M. Chevallerie exhibited a ^piece

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THE BOTANICAL C0N6EESS AT PLOBBNCB. 213

of a silicifie^ trtmk found in the desert near the pyramids of
Ghir.

Mwy 20^A. — ^M. De Candolle proposed M. Bunge as president,
who, having returned thanks, called on M^ De Candolle to deliver
his communication on the causes of the distribution of rare plants
on the Alps. The author explained that the preglacial Alpine flora
was not able to exert a great influence on the existing flora, inas-
much as the great changes which took place during the glacial
period had necessarily swept away this ancient vegetation. He
could not agree with those who considered the Alps as a centre of
diffusion of a special flora, but believed them rather to be the refuge
ground for the plants, which, as the glaciers retired, had found con-
ditions more favourable to their existence than in places lower down.
In proof of this he observed that the richest parts of the Alps for rare
plants are those which were soonest deprived of glaciers, the ground
having been thus cleared for the introduction of a more ancient flora,
of which, these rare plants are remnants. The southern, the eastern,
and the western slopes of the Alps were successively cleared of the
principal glaciers, and the Swiss Alps received their flora first from
the south, and then fr6m the east and west. The author then asks,
" Why should the plants ascend as the glaciers retreat, and why should
there be greater variety in this advancing vegetation ?" In preglacial
times there was more moisture in the climate of Europe, and con-
sequently the flora was richer and more varied. After a time the
climate became dryej, and as the glaciers retired many plants were
able to maintain themselves, by advancing gradually over the ground
as it became unoccupied by glaciers, finding there conditions more
favourable for their growth. Hence one can deduce the law that the
richness and variety of Alpine floras depend on the antiquity of their
introduction. — Mr. Ball approved of M. De CandoUe's theory to a
certain extent, but he did not consider it sufficient to explain £dl the
facts. When, for instance, a rare species is to be found in more than
one locality, it is natural to suppose that formerly it had occupied
all the intermediate ground, and that the glacier coming through the
midst of it had divided it into two groups. He was idso unable to
understand how M. De Csindolle's Jbheory could explain the fact of
certain plants growing vigorously in limited spots without extending
their area, and was inclined to attribute this limitation to the nature
of the rock, its chemical properties, &c.— serpentine, for instance,
almost always supports a peculiar vegetation; thus the Engadine
Valley, which must have very recently been freed from glaciers, is
remarkably rich in rare .plants. — M. Tchiatcheff remarked that in
Asia Minor he could find no trace of glacial action which could help to
explain the distribution of Alpine plants. — M. Timiriazeff read a paper on
some investigations he had been making, upon the influence of light on
vegetation. He explained the methods he had employed with
the spectroscope. The conclusions he came to were that the rays
which become absorbed most are those which have the greatest
calorific intensity, and that where there is greater absorption of light
there is at the same time greater chemical activity, a larger quantity
of carbonic acid gas decomposed, and more moisture present. The
formation of the tissues, and all the manifestation of vegetable life

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214 THB BOTANICAL COITORESS AT FLOBSNCS.

are the effect of the transformation of the calorific energy into
mechanical work, and thus science gives truth to the heautiful words
of the Italian poet —

** Gnarda il calor sol che si fa vino

Giunto all' umor che dalla vite cola."
Prof. Suringar read a long paper on the mode of obtaining an equal
estiination of microscopic measurements, and exhibited an instrument
designed by himself, and explained the mode of using it.— M.
Heldreich spoke on some new or rare species of plants found in
Greece, and gave a description of a new Glaueium, — M. Galeznoff
gave the result of his researches in calculating the amount of water
contained in the different parts of a plant. By dividing a trunk iato
a number of pieces from the baseupwards, he found invariably that the
quantity of water increases from the base towards the summit. Of
^ tiie four species studied by him, he found Pinm sylvestris contained
most moisture in the trunk, and Acer the least. Betula and Fopulus
tremula were intermediate. In Ftnus the bark is dryer than the
wood, and in Acer more moist. In Betula it is dryer in the winter and
spring, and more watery in summer and autumn. The contrary takes
place in the case of the poplar. In the branches the same law holds
good, but their bases are dryer than the portion of the trunk from
which they take their rise ; and the petioles are more watery than the
leaves. In the flowers ; the perianth, the filaments and the styles
contain more water than the anthers. — M. Fischer gave a description
of the development of Uatilago^ and specially eof U. Carlo, U,
destruens and U, hngissima. He described the grmination of the
spores, and explained how these parasites penetrate the plants from
which they get their nourishment. — M. Baurodine gave an account of
some experiments he had made on the production of carbonic acid gas
during the germination of seeds. The amount of carbonic acid gas
evolved is proportional to the degree of heat to which the seeds are
subjected. Where there has been the greatest production of this gas,
there the growth of the germinating plant has been most rapid.
From his experiments M. Baurodine is convinced that the production
of the tissues is the mechanical equivalent of the absorption of heat.—
Prof. Arcangeli, of Leghorn, described the structure of the flowers of
Cytinus Bypocistis, a parasite on certain species of Cistus. There are
two varieties, one red and the other yellow. The red variety is
found on Ctsttis sahiafoUtMy and the other on (7. monspeltensis.

Mat/ 22nd. — M. Radlkofer having been elected president, Prof.
Caruel read a list of some books and pamphlets which had been
presented to the Congress, and which would be preserved in the
library of the Natural History Museum. After which Dr. Moore
read papers on a hybrid Sarraeenia and on some plants indicative of
the climate of Ireland, and exhibited many specimens. — ^Dr. Bargel-
lini then spoke on the nature of microscopic parasites on man. — Prof.
Lanzi called attention to the subject of Bacteria, which he maintained
should be called ** Schizophyti" rather than Schizospori; in fact
their reproduction takes place by the division of a ceUule which has
nothing of the character of a reproductive organ ; they are therefore
strictly speaking without spores. He is of opinion that in structure
they resemble Algsd, but that they approach Pungi in some respects.

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NOTICES OF BOOKS. 215

—Prof. Arcangeli disagreed with this proposition, whilst Prof.
Gesati and Badlkofer were inclined to uphold the views of Prof.
Lanzi. — Prof. Orphanides exhibited a beautiM collection of rare
plants from Greece, and made a few remarks on each. — Baron
Sternberg read a paper containing a revision of the genera of SaUo-
laeea. — Prof. Gennari, of. Cagliari, made sonlfe observations explana-
tory of the origin of insular floras ; also on the relation that exists
between vegetation and temperature. — Baron Cesati gave the history
of a little-known plant described by Tenore, belonging to the genus
Ouarea, — The president then announced the termination of scientific
communications, and the Congress was brought to a close by votes of
thanks to Prof. Parlatore, M. De Candolle speaking very highly of the
state of efficiency of the Florence Herbarium, to Signer Peruzzi, the
Marquis Ridolphi, the Royal Horticultural Society of Tuscany, and
the Secretaries to the Congress. On the motion of Prof. Cesati it was
also resolved that salutations be sent to those botanists who though
over eighty years of age were still examples of hard work to the
younger ones, and instanced Profs. Fries, Beichenbach and Ehrenberg,
Berthelot and others. The proceedings then terminated.

jpotteejtf of 25ooh]9?«

Manual of British Botany : Containing the Flowering Plants and Ferns
arranged according to their Natural Orders. By C. C. Babington,
M.A., F.R.S., &c., &c. Seventh edition, corrected throughout.
London : Van Voorst, 1874. (Pp. Ixiii., 473.)

It is somewhat rare for a scientific treatise to reach a seventh
edition, yet two other British Floras have even exceeded that number.
Withering's ** Botanical Arrangement *' which first appeared in 1776,
reached an eighth edition in 1840, .and Sir W. Hooker's ** British
Flora" first published in 1830, passed through the same number of
editions in less than half the time, ed. 8 being printed in 1860.
But in neither of these standard books were the successive issues all
revised by the original authors. In the former case Dr. Stokes, Dr.
Withering,' junior, and Mr. Macgillivray, successively edited the
book, and in the latter Dr. Walker Arnott had the management of the
three last editions. The ** Manual of British Botany '* has had the
very great advantage of the author's careful correction in each
edition. At its first appearance in 1843, its short clear descriptions,
facility for ready reference, and portability made it at once a favourite
text-book for practical botanists, and in spite of some faults in con-
struction and the competition of the various other English Floras
which have since appeared, a steady demand has necessitated a new
edition of the Manual every five or six years. As a field companion
it still remains the best ; the thin-paper copies being a little over 7
inches by 4 and not f in. thick, whilst the book does not weigh 10 oz.
in its thin leather cover.

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216 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

The last edition was issued in 1867, and in the seven years which
have since elapsed British Botany has been progressing in every
direction. At that date Dr. Boswell Syme's great descriptive work
was scarcely two- thirds complete, this has long since been finished, and
we have also had Dr. Hooker's well-planned and comprehensive
Students' Flora, and several books of less importance on native
plants. In geographical botany, Mr. Watson has with untiring
energy issued in rapid succession from 1868 the three parts of his
** Compendium," a ** Supplement" to that treatise, and finally a very
useful •* Topographical Botany" in two parts; several county and
local Floras of more or less importance have also been printed in the
same interval. As a contemporary record of progress in the study of
British plants by the description of novelties, examination of characters
and synonymy and discovery of locedities, the pages of this Journal
during the same period, will be found to be, thanks to the kind
offices of many contributors, fairly complete and trustworthy.

The author appears to have fully availed himself of these and
other sources of information (including the papers of M. Da Mortier
in the Belgian Bulletin) with the result of somewhat numerous
changes in nomenclature and arrangement, the addition of a good
many species and varieties and some omissions. The nett result is
that the bulk of the Manual is increased by about twelve pages only,
whilst it is most thoroughly brought up to the date of its publication.
A considerable saving of space has been made by the omission of
descriptions and other details of the many cultivated, long extinct/ or
erroneously recorded species which found a place in former editions.

It would be impossible to enumerate the whole of the alterations
which Prof. Babington has found it necessary to make in the volume,
but some of the more important may be here pointed out. The most
interesting are the additions, the bulk of which however, come within
brackets as being introductions into this country. The following is a
list of those new British plants, the history of most of which is
known to the readers of this Journal : —

Ranunculus Chserophyllos, Z. Jersey.

'Sisymbrum pannonicum, Jacq.']

Potentilla norvegica, ZJ

'Rosa pomifera, Herrm.j

[Portulaca oleracea. " Common weed near Richmond, Surrey"]

fSiler trilobum. Scop, "Naturalised."]

f Scabiosa maritima, Z.]

[Aster salignus, JF,y and A. longifolius.]

* Hieracium dubium, i., Fr,

[H. prsealtum, H. glomeratum and H. stoloniflorum*.]

'Xanthium spinosum, Z.]

'Cuscuta approximata, Bab,']

'Veronica repens, Z>.C. ** Naturalized at Manchester and
York."]

Mentha hirsuta, Z., Fr, M, puhescens, Syme, E. B. Doubted as
a species.

' Misprinted stoloniferum.

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S0TICB8 OF BOOKS. 217

I Plantago Timbali, Jord.l

^umex eloDgatns, Ousa,]

K. maximus, Sohreb,

[Euphorbia dulcis, Z. " Llansilin . . Jedburgh."]

CaUitiiche obtusangula, Le OalL

C. truucata, Ousb.

Salix Grahami, Borr,

Allium carinatum, Z.

Juncus pygmseus, Rich,

Potamogeton salicifolius, Wolfg, P. LonchiteSy Tuck.

Zannichellia polycarpa, Nolte, ** Swanbister Loch^ Orkney.
Dr.Syme!"

Fsainma baltica, R. Sf 8.

Aira setacea, Huda,

[* Poa sudetica, Haenke. " Several places near Kelso."]

In addition to these, Puhnonaria angustifoliay L., Festuca oraria,
Dum. {F. arenaria, Osb., Bab.) and Zastrea remota^ Moore, have been
promoted from varieties to species; but as a. counterbalance some
twenty species of the former edition here rank as varieties, including
Valeriana sambueifoliay Mikan, Atriplex marina, L., Cyatopteris
ientatay Sm. and C. alpina, Desv., and no less than five Eoses. All
these seem to be changes for the better, and render the book more
consistent with itself and harmonious with the opinions of other
botanists. It will probably be considered by many that 1777, which
is said to be the number of species in the volume, is still too large an
estimate of the Phanerogams and vasculeir Cryptogams in Britain.

In pointing out the principal changes in the text, it may be
remarked that in quoting Mr.|Hiem's paper on the Batrachium section
of RanunctUu8, the names of his "ultimate forms" should not have
been given as species, since the author of the paper expressly states
his opinion that he considers all to be properly placed as forms under
a single species. The genus Turritia is abandoned in ac-
cordance with the views of most systematists, T, glabra becom-
ing Arabia perfoliata, Lam.; Kbniga too falls into Alyaaum.
The genus Roaa has been remodelled in accordance mainly with
Mr. Baker's review in the Linnean Society's Journal, and is much
altered. In the Umbelliferse the genera Seloaciadium^ Bunium and
Anthriactta are suppressed, the species falling respectively under
ApiuMy Carum and Choerophyllum, The common Earth-nut, how-
ever, is no more a Carum than a Bunium^ and is better placed in a
separate genus, as is done by Koch and adopted by Dr. Hooker in his
" Students' Flora," (Conopodium), Conium is rightly stated to have
no stripes or large vittsB, the suiface of the seed is, however, covered
with numerous delicate longitudinal channels, irregularly arranged.
Siler trilobum is considered to be " naturalised," Prof. Babington still
believing it to have been purposely sown in its single restricted loca-
lity. The tribes of the Compositse have been revised, Apargia is
changed to Zeontodon, and the DEindelion becomes Taraxacum officinale,
Ireland is omitted as a locality for Frica ciliaria, a careful examina-
tion with Mr. A. G. More, of the Clifden station, where P, Mackaiana
is abundant, having failed to detect it The Jersey and west country
Echium is properly referred to F, plantagineum, L., and Scrophularia

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218 ironoES oi books.

Wvrharti becomes S. umhrosa, Dum. ; this plant lias seTeral other
aliases. The arrangement of the Mints has been improved, bat the
Gorsican species M, Eequienii^ established as a weed in one spot in the
West of Ireland, is not noticed. !No notice has been taken of the re-
striction of Atriplex erecta, Huds., by Boswell Syme ; the name i« still
kept by the author for the common cornfield weed. A, farinosa^
Dum., has been adopted for A. arenariay Woods ; the plant has been
lately shown to be the real A. laeiniata of Linnseus, as was formerly
considered. Rumex syhestrUy Wallr., steinds as var. fi, under E, obtu-
8ifoUu8, but Jt, maximuSy Schreb., has the honour of specific rank apart
from R» Hydrolapathum. An Irish locality is given for CaUiiriche
iruncata in Go. Gork, which one is glad to see, as the plant cannot now
be detected at Amberley, where the few remaining ditches are choked
with Anacharts; the figure, E.B.S., 2066, is erroneously quoted
under C» pedunculata, as well as under C. truncata which it rightly
represents ; as the synonymy is somewhat confusing, a reference might
as well have been given to vol. viii. of this Journal, p. 154, where
the matter is set right. Passing on to the Monocotyledons we find
Nartheeium located among the Melanthaceaj a better position than with
the Rushes. Our native Muscari is determined not to be M. negleetum^
Guss., and takes its old name M, racemomm again. Wolffia is very pro-
perly made a genus apart from Lemna^ from which it differs in very
important ch£u:acters, and PotamogeUm ampresma^ Sm., takes the
name of P. tntieronatiM, Schrad. In the Grasses, the somewhat
puzzling grass Glyceria pedicellata^ Towns., is put with O.fluitam
rather than with G. plicata ; its characters are intermediate. It is
satisfactory to find Hudson's name Aira setacea adopted by Prof.
Babington for the grass called A. uUginosa by Weihe sixty-two years
after : if the fairly understood principle of priority be held it is diffi-
cult to see how Hudson's name can be set aside. Yet in his English
Botany (vol. xi., pp. 68, 69), Dr. Boswell Syme contends this should
be done, on the ground that Hudson afterwards confounded his grass
with the A. montana of Linnseus ; and proceeds thus : ** The practice of
raking up an obsolete name is always highly objectionable, and the
obsolete in the present case is not likely to be adopted. Publishing
botanists will reserve to themselves the right of correcting their
opinions during their lifetime, and if their views alter, will demand
to be judged by their latest published opinions. In the case of A,
setacea^ no doubt Hudson's first impression was right, but an excep-
tional case like this is no ground for establishing a precedent for de-
priving botanists of the right to withdraw statements which they suh-
sequently believe to be erroneous.'* Dr. Syme here it seems to me
misses the mark. The question, of course, is not whether a botanist
has liberty to alter his views — no one would think of arguing that
point — ^but whether a published species satisfactorily described, when
subsequently dropped by its author, or merged in another species,
thereupon ceases to exist, and is to be passed over by all subsequent
writers. If such were to be made the practice, one could never quote
a species as of any author without consulting all his subsequent
writings to see whether he might not have withdrawn it — a great in-
convenience, with nojpractical object; for it can scarcely be held that
in such a matter any injury is done to an author by adopting his earlier

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KOnCES OF BOOKS. 219

view in preference to his later one. For example, Mr. Bentham in
1846, published the Serophulariaeea in De Candolle's " Prodromns,"
and named and described there several species, which in his '^ Flora
Anstraliensis," voL iv., printed in 1869, he does not keep up, but
reduces under other species. Other botanists, whose ideas of
species may be in accord with those of Mr. Bentham at the former
period, if tJhey adopt the species he then made, are not relieved of the
obligation of employing his names, because the views of this
eminent systematist have altered during twenty-three years.
But one need not go out of Dr. Syme's own writings to find a case pre-
ciselv parallel where he himself adopts the practice he so strongly con-
demns in the extract above quoted. He employs the name Orchis pur-
purea, Huds.,* for the pltmt subsequently called O. fusca^ by Jacquin.
This name was given by Hudson in hiB first ** Flora Anglica " (1762),
p. 334 ; in his second (1778) he dropped it, and the plant became 0.
miUtaris, var. j8. (p. 384). To use 0. purpurea, Huds., then is clearly,
on Dr. Syme's own showing, an example of **raking-up an obsolete
name,"which he thinks "always highly objectionable.'* It will,
however, doubtless be considered by most ** publishing botanists ''
that it would be far more objectionable to be hampered by
any such regulations as those which Dr. Syme seeks to impose.
The case of the names Bromus ramosus, Huds., and £. asper,
Murr., is "another of the same kind; here the author of the
^* Manual '' maintains the established nomenclature, though here, as
much as in Aira sefaoea, Hudson's name has a distinct right to be
adopted instead. Nothing is said of JB, Benekeni, Lange ("true B.
asper "), having been found in England, though its characters, taken
from our pages, are given. In the vascular Cryptogams there are a
good many changes in nomenclature, e.g., Equisetum umhrosum,
WiUd., becomes JE. pratense, Ehrh., and Lycopodium selaginoides, L.,
Selaginella spinuhsa, A.Br. ; the Chance have also undergone a
thorough revision.

Our limits will not permit of further remarts. It must be sufficient
to say, in conclusion, that the last edition of the "Mtmual " is the
best ; though perhaps it shows the author to have been more a student
of botanical literature than a Worker in the field since the date of
the former one. With so many descrip*tive Floras,, each with special
excellences of its own, English students of our native plants ought
to find few difficulties indeed. H. T.

Flora of Dorsetshire : or, a Catalogue of Plants found in the County of
Dorset. With sketches of its Geology and Physical Geography. By
John Clavell Majj^sel-Pleydell, B.A., &c. London, Whittfiier &
Co. ; Blandford : W. Shipp. 1874. (Pp. 323, with a map showing the
districts adopted.)

We have here a welcome addition to the series of local Floras in
a volume devoted to the plants of one of the least known of the
southern counties, written by a botanist living in a central position in
the district, and with the time and the means at his command for

* Symo. Eng. Bot, vol. ix., p. 93.

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220 ironcEs of books.

extensive personal inyestigation. It is scarcely necessary to remind our
readers that Mr.Mansel-Pleydell in his explorations in search of Dorset
plants has been rewarded by the discovery of Leuooium vemum^ new
to Britain, and of Scirpus parvulusy long lost to our flora ; and the pages
of the present volume show how diligently he has searched out tiie
localities of many other rarities.

Dorset has an area of 988 square miles, an extensive and varied
coast line on the English Channel, and great diversity of surface-
geology and soil. From the Khaetic beds and the Lias up to the most
recent superficial gravels, nearly all the formations are fully repre-
sented in the county, and clays, limestone, chalk downs and extensiye
gravelly heathlands, present themselves in different peurts, the latter
forming a marked feature of the south-eastern portion of the couaty.
A very full account of the geology is given, which would, however,
have been of greater interest to the majority of English botanists if
the space devoted to palssontological matters had been given to some
account of the influence of the various formations on the existing
flora, a subject which is not alluded to. It would also have
been well to show the geology on the map. With the exception of
the south coast, the boundaries of Dorset are quite artificial, Devon,
Somerset, Wilts and Hampshire being the adjacent counties.* The
highest elevation is but 914 feet.

The author has divided the county into seven districts, the boun-
daries of which are shown in the map inserted in the volume. The
river-drainage is taken as the foundation for these divisions, but has
not been used with complete consistency. With the exception of a
small part in the north-west drained by the Yeo, the water of which
ultimately reaches the Bristol Channel, all the streams flow into the
English Channel, about half the county lying in the basin of the
Stour, which enters the sea at Christchurch, in Hants, and the great
proportion of the remainder being drained by rivers and streams, of
which the Frome and the Piddle are the two largest, which flow into
the extensive estuary of Poole Harbour. No doubt the author has
good reasons for the mode in which he has divided this portion of the
county ; it is, however, not easy to understand why the so-called
Isle of Purbeck should be made a separate district, or in what district
Poole and the country immediately round it are really intended to he
included, nor does the text make the matter any clearer.

The large number of 989 species of Flowering Plants and Ferns
(the other Cryptogams are not included) are enumerated as inhahi-
tants of Dorset, the nomenclature of the " London Catalogue " being
followed. Of these 68 are considered aliens, and 26 thought to be pro-
bably extinct. The author has certainly not erred on the side of
swelling the number by the insertion of foreign plants ; on the con-
trary he has omitted all reference to some wMch were worthy of
notice, and might reasonably be expected to be included. Berteroa
incana, discovered by Pulteney at Weymouth, in 1766, Tri folium resu-
pinatuMf first observed near Poole, and Phalwris pcM^adoxa, which

* The boandary between Hants and Dorset seems to be ill-defined. That
given in the map, if correct^ enlarges Hampshire and makes the locality for
Simethit in that county instead of in Dorset.

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NOTICES OF BOOKS. 221

still bolds its ground in the cornfields and roadsides near Swanage,
where it was first noticed by Mr. Hussey in 1847 (all since found in
other places) are examples. The author professes to have entered all
the plants which have been recorded for the county by competent
authority, and several unquestioned exotics such as Mimulw lutetM,
Delphinium Ajacis, and Phala/ris oanariensts find a place.

Under each species we have references to Mr. "Watson's recent
publications, to Syme's " English Botany," and to those authors who
have previously recorded the plant for the county ; the localities are
eirranged under their respective districts, and the last line is occupied
by the distribution through the four adjacent counties and Normandy,
a useful feature of the Flora. In addition the ante-Linnean synonyms
are usually given, the utility of which is not very apparent except in
the cases, which must be very few, where the old authors have re-
corded the plant as a native of Dorset. And in this connection we
cannot but feel it necessary to remark that good as this Flora is in
many respects it wants a more distinctly local character. This is
a common fault in county Floras, and has already been commented on
in these pages. In the volume before us we have a chapter headed
" meteorology *' in which there is not a word about the climate of
Dorset ! ^d in the portion headed ** Botany " a very brief outline
of the history of the science generally is given — which is necessarily
of very slight value, and is out of place in a local treatise — instead
of an account of the botanists who have specially elucidated the
county flora, or were otherwise locally connected. Even in the list of
books quoted we find a number of general botanical works, whilst Pul-
teney's Botany of Dorset is omitted. So, too, in the body of the
work, one feels the almost complete absence of any information about
the more interesting species beyond the fact of their growth in a par-
ticular spot. For instance, the three localities (to which may be
added a fourth, Ame Heath), in district G must surely present some
common special feature accounting for the abundant growth of the
excessively scarce Erica dliaris, which appears again in Cornwall, but
skips Devonshire ; and it would be quite within the province of a local
Flora to give some information on this and similar points. Again,
the bare locality for Suadafruticosa, quoted from Pulteney, seems very
insufficient to anyone who has seen the hedge of dense bushes formed
by this rare species along high-water mark at the place in question ;
and who could tell from " Poole Harbour, Mr. W. Borrer," which is
the whole local information about Zoatera nana, that the plant thickly
carpets many square miles of mud in that shallow estuary, and at low-
water justifies its name of sea-grass? It is easy for the resident
botanist to note facts of this sort, and they are often worthy of per-
manent record.

A few points may be noted in a cursory survey of the Flora.
Three localities are given for Ceraatium pumilum, Curt., which is
also stated to grow in all the surrounding counties. Is this Bos-
well Syme's plant ? Lavatera arborea is said to be probably extinct
in a wild state on the Chesil Bank, though still growing in gardens
in the neighbourhood, where it was introduced. Sonchus palustris
was almost certainly an error; large 8, arvensia has been often
thus misnamed. Atriphx ereeta is not at all likely to be "very

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222 BOTAinCAL KSWS.

rare" in Dorsetshire cornfields. There is a specimen of Rumex
fnantmua in Herb. Pulteney, not localised^ which may be from
Dorset. OladioUu illyricus^ Ensbury, wh^re the author thinks it
indigenous : this plant is too showy to have been overlooked ; is it
spreading? Lemna gihha will probably be found in the county.
On the great heathlands Junous acutijlorus, with well-marked cha-
racters, is universal to the exclusion of J. lamprocarpw ; the latter
is therefore not '^ generally distributed." Vioia hitea still grows at
Weymouth, but F. l^mgata has long been extinct, or at any rate
has not been observed. The author quotes the "Botanist's Guide"
only^ more definite localities are given in Pulteney's and the Bank-
sian Herbaria, which both contain numerous examples of this lost
species or variety, which has never been met with elsewhere. A
vigorous search ou^t lo be made by the Dorset botanists to redis-
cover the plant.

In recommending the Dorset Flora to English botanists and cd-
lectors one feels sure that they will possess in it a concise and trust-
worthy guide to the plants of the county, carefully compiled by a
competent botanist, who has personally gone over the .greater part d
the ground. One regrets ta see a rather large number of mispnnts;
but they are not generally of a very serious character, and detract but
little from a book for which our thanks are due to the author, who has
thus well filled up a gap in the county Ploras. H. T.

525otamtal ^€as^.

Aeticles in Joubnals. — ^Mat.

Grmllea.-''K. C. Cooke, "British Fungi" (contd. Tab. 22).-
"W. Archer, " On the * Ague Plant ' " {Hydrogastrum granulatum).^
E. M. Holmes, " On Tortula hrevirostris. Hook. & Grev.*'— Id., " On
CalUthamnion hormoca/rpumV — W. A. Leighton, " On Lecidea JDilU-
nianay Ach., and Opegrapha grumuhsa, Duf. (tab. 26). — G. Davies,
** Cryptogams from Piedmont and Nice."

Bot. Zeitung. — H. Hofl&nann, " On the" Gkurden Bean, Phamlm
vulgaris " (tab. 5). — M. Sorokin, " On some new "Water-Fungi " (tab.
6). — T. Geyler, " Exobaaidium Laun, the cause of the aerial roots of
Lmrus canariensia, L. " (tab. 7). — H. Solms-Laubach, " On the
structure of the seeds in Bqfflesiacea and Hgdnoracea " (tab. 8).

Flora, — ^H. Christ, " Jbaa — ^fonns in Switzerland 'and neighbour-
ing countries." — Celakovsky, " On the morphological significance of
Seed-Buds" (contd.). — ^A. Ernst, " Observationes aliquot inplantas
florsB Caracasanae " (6 new species).

Oesterr. Bot ZeiUohr. — ^E. v. Ueditritz, " Botanical Notes, chiefly
in 8. Spain" {Eruea lengtroaMsy n.s.). — ^L. Celakovsky, ^^ Hypericm
tranasihanicum, n.s." — J. Pantoesek, "Botanical Notes."— J. B.
Hibsch, " On flora of Vienna." — A. Hoeme, " Species of Stiera^
thus'' (77).— A. Kemer, "Hungarian Plants " (contd.).— J. Dedecek,
" On flora erf S. Bohemia."— H. Kemp, " On flora of neighbour
hood of Vorarlberg " (contd.).

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BOTASnCAL NSWS. 223

Botaniaha Notiaer. — ^F. "W. C. Aresol^oug, "On Anatomy of
Leaves " (contd).

Nuovo CHom. Bot. ltd, — G. Archangel!, " On the Fungi of Leg-
horn."— Id., " On some AlgsB of the gronp Celoblastea " (tab. 2, 3, 4).
— ^, Sorokine, "Note on the Development of Hormidium varium
(tab. 5). — O. Becoari, "Description of a new species of Myrmeeodia
{M, Selebica^ Becc, tab. 6).

Bull. Bot. Soe. Belgique (v. xii., n. 3. May 30th). — "Account of
Excursion to Hasselt, &c., in July, 1873. — J. E. Bommer, " On
Amylogenesis in Plants." — C. Dumortier, " Two Physiological Tacts."
— ^T. Durand and H. Donckier, " Materials for Flora of prov. Li6ge." —
C. Baguet, "Winter Flowering, Jan. 1873."— C. H. Delogne, "Con-
tributions to Belgian Cryptogamic Flora."

Bull. Bot. Soc. France (v. xxi., p. 1). — 0. Debeaux, "iN'ew Eose
from E. Pyrenees " (B. Gandogeriana). — ^B. Balansa, "Catalogue of
QrctminetB of Lazistan " (4 new species). — A. Fee, " Material for
Lichenological Flora of Brazil ; II.'' (Many new species.). — C.
Eoumegnere, " On Colour of Fungi spores as an indication of Pro-
perties." — Id., " Anomalous forms of Osmunda'^ — P. Petit, " On
Spirogyra and Bhynchonema^^ {S. punctata, n.s. tab. 1.). — Id.,
^'Contrib. to Cryptogamic Flora of Paris." — Mi^geville, "On a
IHsetum from Hautes-Pyren^es " {T. varegemcy Lafitte & Mi^ge-
ville). — E. Lefranc, " On the HelminthocTiorton and Corsican Moss of
the Ancients." — Id., " On Boccella and Bhytiphlcsa, and the Tynan
Purple." — ^E. Cosson, " On M. Doumet-Adamson's intended voyage to
Tunis." — A. Chatin, " Comparative study of the Androecium." — M.
Comu, " Fertilization in Algse, especially in Ulothrios*^ — P. Sagot,
"Germination of seeds sown before maturity." — E. Heckel, " On the
Functional Irritability of the Stamens in Berheris.^^ — Id., "Differ-
ences between Induced and Spontaneous movement; action of
Anaesthetics on stamens of Mahonia.^ — J. E. Planchon, " Wild Yines
of United States." — J. Duval-Jouve, "Histological study of the
species of Cyperua in France." — M. Lamotte, "K'ew Plants in
Auvergne " {Dianthua CHrandim, Hypericum Deaetangaiz, Taraxacum
aakugineum).

New Booha. — P. Parlatore, " Les Collections botaniques du Mu86e
Royal de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Florence " (Florence.) —
T. Cr^pin, " Manuel de la Flore de Belgique," 3rd edition (Brussels,
6fr.). — Schnlzer and Xalchbrenner, "Icones Hymenomvcetum
HungariflB," pt. 2 (Pesth. 12 shillings).— Baillon, " History of Plants,"
Tol. iii. of the English Translation (Reeve, £L 5s.).— V. B. Wittrock,
"Prodromus Monographiae (Edogoniacearum " (from Acta Upsal.,
»er. 8, vol ix,). — Sereno Watson, " Erovision of N. American ChmopO"
«few«<8" (fromProc. Am. Acad, ix., pp. 82 — 126).

Antome Laurent Appollinaire F^e, the well-smown pteridologist,
for many years professor of botany at Strasburg, died at Paris on the
2l8t of May in the eighty-fifth year of his age. He was bom on
Nov. 7, 1789, graduated at Strasburg, served as a doctor in the
French army during the Peninsular war, of which he published
** Souvenirs" in 1809 — 13, and after settling for some time as a

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224 BOTANICAL NEWS.

druggist in Paris, again entered the public service. He filled first an
appointment at Lille, removing in 1832 to Strasburg, where he
remained till the city passed into the hands of the Germans. Then
he removed to Geneva, and soon afterwards came back to Paris, where
at the time of his death he was President of the French Botanical
Society. His Memoirs on Ferns are thirteen in number, beginning
with 1844 and extending over more thtm a quarter of a century. They
are : " Examen des bases adoptees dans la classification des Foug^res,
et en particulier de la nervation," 2 plates, 1844 ; 2, " Histoire des
Acrostich6e8," a most elaborate work in folio, 64 plates, 1844-45 ; 3,
** Histoire des Vittari6es et des Pleurogramm^es," and 4, " Histoire des
Antrophyees," on the same plan as the Acrostichese, 5 plates ; 5,
** Genera Filicum : Exposition des Genres de la faftiille des Polypo-
diac^es," 30 plates, 1850-52; 6, " Iconographie des esp^ces nouvelles,
decrites ou ^numer6es dans le Genera Filicum," an illustrated adjunct
to the preceding; 7, ** Iconographie (suite),'* and 8, ** Description
d'esp^ces nouvelles et Annotations relatives aux prec6dent8 M^moires,"
27 plates, 1 854-57 ; 9, " Catalogue M6thodique des Fougbres et des
Lycopodiac^es du Mexique," lithographed, 1857 ; 10, " Iconographie
des especes nouvelles, decrites ou 6num^r^e8 dans le Genera Filicum,
et revision des publications ant6rieures relatives k la famille des
Foug^res," 17 plates, 1865 ; 11, " Histoire des Foug^res et des Lyco-
podiac^es des -^tilles, 34 plates, 1867 ; 12, " Cryptogames Vascu-
laires du Br6sil, 1869, 78 plates and a supplement, 1872-3,30 plates.
The great value of his Fern Books is in the plates, which from the be-
ginning of the series to the end are excellent, both scientifically and
artistically, and are accompanied with full microscopic details. His
system of Fern-classification and generic limitation is, in general outline,
the same as that of Presl, and this the thirty plates of lus fifth memoir
illustrate fully and clearly. The drawback to the use of liiB books lies
in the readiness with which he has described and named new species
without comparing his specimens with the types of liis predecessors.
Out of Glaziou's Brazilian gatherings alone he has named not less than
200 new species, so-called, which IjlLr, Baker regards as synonyms or
slight individual variations. His herbarium has gone to Eio, and it
is impossible without it to settle where many of the plants described,
but not figured in his earlier memoirs, should be placed. It is very
desirable that it should be compared throughout by some competent
authority with a colleotion in which the types of other species-names
are authentically represented. Besides his works on Ferns, Prof. Y6q
has been an author on other families of Cryptogams ; a '' M^thode
Lichenographique," in 1825 ; an essay on the Cryptogams on foreign
officinal barks, in two parts, in 1824 and 1837 ; and -many shorter
papers having been published by him. His ** Coursd' Histoire Natu-
reUe Th6rapeutique,'' appeared in 1828, and a life of Linn^in 1829.
Besides his scientific tendencies he possessed also a strong literary
taste, which resulted in numerous works on general topics, essays,
bibliography, poetry, &c. ; one of his last books hat the title, " Les
Mis^res des Animaux," 1862. Both his tastes were gratified in his notes
on the determination of the plants of Pliny, Yirgil, and Theocritus in
Panckoucke's translations of those authors.

Among the recipients of the honorary degree of LL.D. recently be-
stowed at Cambridge we see with pleasure the name of Mr. Bentham.

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225

<©riffinal %ttitlt^.

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BICRANUM FLAQELLARE,
Eedw., IN BRITAIN.

By E. M. HoLBfEs.

[Tab. 149.]

This species is very nearly allied to Dicranum Scottianum, which,
in the dry state, it closely resembles in appearance ; hence these two
mosses have often been confounded. It was first described by Hedwig,
who gives an excellent figure of the plant in his Muse. Erond., vol. ii.,
t i., fig. 1. The first record of its occurrence as a British moss is by
Dickson, in 1793, under the name of Bryum flagella/rey in his PJant.
Crypt. Brit., fasc. iii., p. 6, where he states that he found the moss
on rocks on Ben Nevis, and quotes Hedwig' s figure. Unfortunately
I have not been able to meet with specimens collected by Dickson, but
it is probable that they would prove to belong to Z). Scottianum, as Z>.
flageUare occurs almost exclusively on decaying stumps of tree, and
never, so far as I have been able to learn, on rocks. In 1804, it was
described in Turner's Muse. Hibem. (p. 71) as occurring in Ireland
on rocks, but no locality was given. In the same year it was published
in the Flor. Brit., vol. iii., p. 1206, by Smith, as a British species,
Dickson's locality being quoted with the additional one of Cromford
Moor, near Matlock, where the author states that he found it, but the
Irish locality is not mentioned, hence it is probable that at that time
Smith had not seen Irish specimens. In 1809, it was figured in E. B.,
t. 1977, the drawing of fruiting specimens being taken from Irish
plants, which were sent to Sir. J. E. Smith, by Dawson Turner, and
were collected at Lough Bray. The two figures of barren stems in the
centre of the plate appear to have been taken from the Cromford Moor
specimens, since figures of the barren stems do not occur in the original
drawing made from Dawson Turner's Irish specimens. These drawings,
as well as Turner's original specimens from Lough Bray are in the
British Museum, and I have been permitted to examine the Irish
specimens and to determine that they must be referred to Dicranum
ScoUianum, Turn. In the Bryologia Britannica, Wilson refers the
left-hand figure of E. B. 1. 1977 to I). ScoUianutn, and states that
the reputed variety of D, flageUare, growing on Cromford Moor, is a
tall state of Campylopus fl^exmsus. Hence, unless Dickson's plant, of
which "Wilson takes no notice, was really Z). flageUare, that species
cannot be considered to have been hitherto discovered in Britain.

The specimens from which the present figures are taken were
found in Abbey and Bostol Woods in N. Kent, and were growing on
the decaying stumps of Castanea vesca, which is very abundant in
N.s. VOL. 3., [august, 1874.] q

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226 DICRANUM FLAGELLAEE, HBDW., IN BRITAIN.

that locality. In the same wood, but generally on taller and less
decayed stumps, Dicranum montanum also occurs, and is readily dis-
tinguished in the dry state from B.flagellare by being as much crisped
as Weisaia cirrhata.

The following description of D, flagellare is taken from English
specimens : — Steim J to 1 inch high, slightly branched in a forked
manner, and matted together by reddish fibres into extensive tufts.
Leaves yellowish or full green, spreading and slightly arched, forming
a tuft at the apex of the branches after the manner of D. scoparium.
In those specimens which he&T flaffella the leaves are nearly erect and
straight, and the tufts are more compact and fastigiately branched. All
the leaves have the margins connivent from near the base, so that one
half of the lamina is folded over the other, the leaf thus presenting a
tubular and subulate appearance. Apex minutely serrulate, with
about three tolerably distinct teeth on each side ; the back of the
nerve near the apex is also minutely serrulate. The nerve some-
times appears to vanish just below the apex of the leaf, but is often
prolonged to its apex. In the lower half of the leaf the lamina is
about 2^ times as broad as the nerve, and consists of oblong cells,
which have rounded or sometimes oblique ends. The cells become
quadrate above, and only half the size of the oblong cells in the
lower part of the leaf. The alar cells are large and quadrate,
brown if the leaf has been taken from a comal toft, and form
a distinct patch extending to the nerve. There are generally eight
rows of these cells, the two rows nearest the margin of the leaf
on either side having narrower cells than the rest. In the
young leaves the alar cells are scarcely coloured, and pass gradually
into the oblong cells. The nerve is rather flattened and appears to
gradually blend with the lamina on account of having next to it on
either side throughout its length one or two rows of very narrow
cells.

The fruit has not yet been found in Britain, therefore the fol-
lowing descriptions and figures of it are taken from Hcdwig's and
Bruch and Schimper's works.

' Male Jhwer9-—A.Tr&nged. in terminal heads among the uppermost
leaves ; the perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, containing antheri-
dia mixed with paraphyses, which have the ceU at the apex obtuse.
Female flowers — Terminating the stems and adult innovations; the
two outer perigonial leaves short, obtuse, and nerveless, the two inner
convolute and apiculate, furnished with a slender nerve, the inmost
leaf resembling the two outer ones. Archegonia without paraphyses.
Capsule — Erect and reddish when mature. Operculum pale yellowish
green with a reddish base, incurved, and ending in a long subula.
Annulus none. Peristome of sixteen teeth, deeply cloven, the teeth
unequal in length, pale but reddish at the base.

The above description is from Hedwig ; that of Bruch and
Schimper somewhat differs as follows: — Capsule striate, remotely
furrowed when dry, and sometimes curved. Annulus very narrow*
Male plants mixed with the female ones.

The stems of J), flagellare often give off slender flagellse from the
axils of the leaves. The leaves of these shoots are minute, lanceolate,
obtuse, entire, and have a scarcely perceptible nerve when very young.

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BtrPHORBUCE^ KOTJfi. 227

These flagellae are said by Bruch and Schimper to appear during the
period of infloreBcence and to fall during the formation of the fruity
to be not always present, nor equally numerous in all tufts.

From the nearly allied />. montcmum and D. Scottianum our plant
may be thus distinguished. D, montanum has more slender stems, the
leaves are narrower, dUtinctly curled when dry^ so as to resemble a
Weissia rather than a Dtcranum, strongly serrate at the apex
and back of the nerve, and serrulate almost to the hose of the leaf
the back of the leaf is distinctly papillose, the margin straight and
erect, not incurved, so that the leaf does not form a subulate tube.
The alar cells consist of five rows with generally only one i:ow of
narrower cells at the margin of the leaf. The width of the lamina at
the base of the leaf is from one and a half to twice that of the nerve.

D. Scottianum may 'be distinguished in the dry state by the erect
leaves wbicb do not form comal tufts, but are densely imbricated
throughout the whole length of the stem. The leaves are longer,
more tapering, have often an excurrent nerve, and are nevei' per-
^tibly serrate, the margins are not connivent but readily flatten out
under the microscope, the cells have thicker walls^ and are narrower
than in 2). fiagellare, the alar cells do not extend to the nerve, but
consist of about six rows of enlarged quadrate cells, with from three
to five rows of narrower cells intervening between them and the
nerve. The nerve is narrower and thicker than in D, flagellare. The
habitat is also diflterent, 2). Scottianum growing in well-defined, rounded
tufts on rocks., while D, flagellare grows in irregular spreading patches,
on decaying stumps of trees.

DEScmiFTioN OP Tab. 149.

Figs. 1-10 Dieranum flagellare^ Hedw., 1, a tuft showing appearance when
dry ; 2, the same when moistened ; 3, a denser tuft withflagellaB ; 4, a leaf from
comal tuft X 38 ; 6, base, and 6, apex of leaf to show areolation X 63 ; 7,
flagella X 63 {Figs. 1-7 from specimens collected by Mr. Holmes at Bostol
Wood, Kent, Feb., 1874); 8, fruiting stem, after Hedwig; 9 and 10, fruit
magniked, after Bruch and Schimper.

Figs. 11-17 D. Scottianum, Turn.— 11, perfect leaf x 38; 12, leaf from
apper part of stem X 38 ; IS, base, and 14, apex of leaf to show areolation X
68; 15, outer periohadtial leaf; 16, inner periohfietial leaf enclosing antheridia
and paraphyses ; 17, an antheridium separated ; all x 63. (Figs. 12, 18, 16,
16 and 17, from specimens collected at Lough Bray, Ireland, by Dawson
Turner ; Figs. 11 and 14, from Sussex specimens, the leaves of the Irish plant
being so fUscoloured by p^t water as to render them indistinct)

EUPHORBIICE^ NOV^
A cL. Dk. Loeentz in Republica Aegbntinensi lectjs

ET A OL. PbOF. Db. ElCHLBft COMMUXlCAT^y

auctore J. Mttlleb, Aeo., Oust. Hb. DC»

{Concluded from page 205.)
7. Jdlooeotok seebatus MiilL Arg., caule humili supeme com
presso-anguloso, stipulis elongatis setaceis indivisis, petiolis evolutis
limba demum vix brevioribus, limbo donge palmatinervio argute

Q 2

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228 BITPHOBBUCEJB KOVJE.

qerrato utraque facie indumento densias pannoso yalde compacto moUi
albicante vestito, racemis capitiformibus, bracteis linearibus elongatis
l-floris, calycis fern, laciniis 3 evolutis ambitu ovatia pinnatipartitis
reliquis 2 exiguis lanceolatis, illarum lacinulis 4-5 linearibus patenti-
bus diametro rhacheos lanceolatae duplo longioribus, petalis masc.
lineari-spathulatis undique pubescentibus femineis obsoletis, disco
hypogyno hinc profunde 3-partito, glandulis elongato-ovatis fere
omnino adnatis glabris, staminibas 11, filamentisliirto-pabescentibas,
aatheris 2^-plo longioribus quam latis, ovario tomentoso, stylisiafeme
connatis bis bifidis ovario oblique insertis, seminibus dorso laevibas
latere yentrali ruguloso-asperis.

SufEruticulus circiter semipedalis vel paulo altior. Gaudez
pollicis V. digiti crassitie, torulosus, lignosus, apice subiude divisus at
ia caules simplices erectos noimihil flexuosos et numerosos abiens.
Caules basi teretes et glabrati, caeterum compresso-angulosi, plus
minusve sulcati, infeme parcius, supeme densiuscule foliosi et inda-
mento patente hispidulo et simul breviore tomentello vestiti, denudati
basi diametro 2 mm. aequantes; iudumentum patens 1^ mm. longum.
Petioli 1-2^ cm. longi, limbum subinde bene aequantes, saepius
tamen, praesertim in parte superiore caulium limbo circ. triente
V. dimidio breviores, tomentelli et simul hispido-pubescentes.
Limbus foliorum 1^-3^ cm. longus, aequilatus ac longus, ambitu
rhombeo-orbicularis v. rarius late ovatus, brevissime acutatus, basi
nonnihil angustata obtusus v. subinde leviter cordatus, beisin versus
integer, caeterum argute serratus, sinus dentium subinde eroso-obtusi.
Pagina superior virescenti-albida, inferior primum alba, dein cineras-
cens, densissime vestita et limbus indumenti copia modice iacrassatus.
InflorescentisB ut in J. subpannosoy sed flores masc. paulo majores,
antherse demum magis exsertae, (connectiva ut in illo puberula), et
discus hypogynus omnino glaber glandulaeque ipssB magis oblongata^.
Capsiilae 5 mm. longae. Semina 4 mm. longa, similia iis C, stthpanmsi
sed dorso laevia.

A simili sed elato J. sulpannoso recedit petiolis, forma et
serratura limbi foliorum et disco hypogyno glabro. A C. montevi-
densi praeter alia differt seminibus non undique laevibus. Planta tota
longe gracilior quam J, humilis et indumentum partium aliud et folia
aliter petiolata.

Habitat in quadam Barranca props Cordoha in J^uhl. Argentina :
Zorentz n. 292, in hb, Mchl. et in hb, DC,

8. AcALYPHA CoRDOVENSis -Sftt??. il/y., stipulis sctaceislongiusculis,
petiolis limbo subtriplo brevioribus gracilibus, limbo tripli-quintupli-
nervio membranaceo serrate, indumento simplici, spicis masc. axillari-
bus mediocriter pedunculatis densifloris latiusculis subinde basi floribus
fern, auctis, femineis terminalibus gracilibus densifloris, bracteis fem. •
l-floris usque ad medium 13-17-fidis laciniis lanceolato-linearibus
obtusis apicem versus vix angUstatis scabris, ovario parce papillofw
non muricato hirtello, stylis dorso papilloso-spinulosia laciniis 5-7
integris et bine inde bilobis brevibus, seminibus mediocribus laevibus.

Planta perennis, basi lignescens, caeterum herbacea, primo intuitu
formam gracilem angustifoliam AcaVyphce communis v, hirtm referens.
Caules circ. pedales, erecti, subrecti, simplices, tota longitudiae foliosi
et in axillis fere omnibus foliorum spicas masculas proferentes pallide

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EUPHO&BIACKfi NOY^. 229

yiiides cum petiolis indamento albido patenter hispido-pabesoentes.
Stipulse circ. 3^-4 mm. longsB, angustissimae, paucipilosae. Petiali
circ. 8-10 mm. longi. Limbus foliorum 2^-3^ cm. longas, 12-17 mm.
latuSy oblongo-Y. lanceolato-ovatns, acutus, basi obtusas, v. inferiorum
obtusior et ambitu latior vulgoque dimidio et ultra brevior, omnium
argute dentatus, obscure argiUaceo-yiridis, novellorum parce adpresso-
pubescens, evolutorum fere omnino glabratus. Costae secundariae
infimsB longe ultra medium limbi productse. Pedunculi spicarum
masc. circ. longitudine petiolorum v. iis breviorea^ crispule pubesoentes.
Spicae masc. ipsae florendi tempore 2-3 cm. longae, 3 mm. latas, i.e.,
latiores et breviores quam in A. communis deflorataB 4 cm. attin-
gentes, femineae circ. 4-4 J cm. longae. Bracteae fem. kxe subimbricatae,
non omnino discretae, tructigerae 3-3J mm. longae, praesertim ad
lacinias papilloso-asperae. Calyx masc. tetragonus, aperiens ^ mm.
latus, parce et breviter piHgerus, v. subglaber ; laciniae dorso apice et
sub apice papilloso-scabrae. Calycis fem. laciniae lanoeolato-ovatae,
acuminatae. Filamenta loculis antherarum paullo breviora. Capsular
2J mm. longae, trigastricae, hirtellae, olivaceo-virides. Semnia fere
2 mm. longa ut in A. communi,

A proxima A communi var. hirta differt ambitu foliorum, spicis
masc. multo latioribus et brevioribus, floribus masc. multo minus
exiguis, bracteis femineis et stylis.

Habitat abundanter in eampo et in JBarraneis prope Cordoba in
R^publ. Argentina: Zorentz, ». 317, *» M, EichL et in hb. DC,

9. BBRNABDiiL LosEKTzn MulLArg,, caule suffruticoso validiusculo,
ramtilis retrorsum, pedunculis antrorsum pubescentibus, stipulis
anguste triangularibus parvis, foliis subsessilibus subtus basi valide
maculari-biglandulosis rigidis, costis obliquis, pedunculis spicas masc.
longitudine superantibus, staminibus 5-7, disco hypogyno nano trilobo
membranaceo integro, ovario adpresso-sericeo-pubescente, seminibus
trigonis dorso acute carinatis lateribus obsolete plicato-asperis.

Planta indurato-herbacea, basi lignescens. Caules ex apice multi-
cipite radicis numerosi, circ. pedales v. paulo altiores, simplioes v.
pupeme parce aut spurie di-trichotome ramosi, spartioideo-rigiduli,
teretes, glauci, viridi-striati, usque ad apicem latiusculi, praesertim
circiter media altitudine distincte incrassati et ibidem crassiores quam
ipsa basi. Stipulae petiolis breviores, rigidulae. Petioli brevissimi,
saepius 1-1^ mm. lati, subduplo crassiores quam longi. Limbus
foliorum infimorum minor, obovatus v. oblongo-obovatus, subinteger,
mediorum 4-6 cm. longus, If -2 J cm. latus, lanceolato-obovatus v.
etiam elliptico-' y. ovato-lanceolatus, obtuse acuminatus, serrato-den-
tatus, subcoriaceus, pallidus, pilis valde adpressis adspersas et costis
pallidioribus prominentibus percursus ; costae secundariae utrinque 5-6,
infimae usque ad limbum dimidium productae, omnes obliquae ; limbus
foliorum summorum iterum minor saepeque obtusior sed eodem
modo dentatus. Pedunculi spicarum masc. axillarium circ. 11-17 mm.
longi, graciles, spicae ipsae 7-9 mm. longae ; bracteae subconfertae, in
quaque spica circ. 4-7, saepius circ. 8-12-flor8e. Pedicelli masc.
longius supra medium articulati, tenelli. Flores masc. aperientes
hi mm. lati et totidem longi, subtrigoni, pilis adpressis perexiguis
et paucis infeme^praesertim adspersi. Glandulae receptaculi masculi
perexiguae. Flores fem. in apice caulium et ramulorum vel in di-

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230 EUPHOltBIACILS NOY^.

trichotomiis pauci, eonferti. Lacinis calycis ambita latae obtossB,
rigide ciliolatae. Styli in oyario subtricornuto distincti, segregati,
naniy bilobi. CapsokB 5^ mm. longsB, 7 mm. latee, in dorso oarpidio-
rum obtuse oarinatae et m ipsifl carinis supeme sulcatsB, pilis eximie
adpressis brevibus rigidulis cinerascentes^ Semina griseo-nigricantia,
opaca,

A proxima B. eap&roniafoUa BailL diffbrt habitu ligido, conns-
tentia et forma foliomm, apicis masc longios pedunculatis, disco
hypogyno, et ramulis retrorsum nee antrorsum adpresso-yestitis.

Habitat m quadam Barranca prape Cordoba in BepubL Argentina:
ZorentZf no. 296, in hb, EiM, et in hb. DC.

10. Maiohot ahmophylla Mali. Arg.^ foliis longe petiolatis pro-
funde d-5-partiti8 epeltatis, laciniis alioram obovatis incUyids aliorum
ambitu ellipticis et pandunformibus lobis utrinqne sinu lato inter se
segregatisy omnium membranaoeis, stipulis setaeeis longiusculis
deciduisy racemis mediocribus, bracteis setaoeo-linearibus pedicellos
masc. dimidios SBquantibus integris deciduis, calyce masc. pro 4
longitudinis 5-Mo extus intusque undique glalm) membranaceo,
filamentis et disco glabris, antberis 3-plo longioribus quam latis,
oyario glabro exalato, seminibus compressis margine utnuque can-
natis.

Frutex altitudinem humanam dimidiam sequans, patenter ramosus,
ramis nltimis herbaoeis, omnibus partibus glabernmus, basi supra
radicem baud raro bulboso-incrassatus. Bami subcompressi, cum
foliis suboliyaceo-yirides, nonnibil flexuosi y. curyati ; intemodia
petiolis subaequilonga. Stipobe 4-6 mm. longee, debiles. Petioli
limbum lequantes y. subsequantes, basi distincte articulati. limbus
foliorum 7-11 cm. longus, 10-16 cm. latus, basi oordatas ; costas
tenues, parencbymati subconcolores, yeneo tenuissimsB. L a ci nia
indiyisse abrupte et acutissime subsetaceo-acuminatao, costis utrinque
ciro. 9-10 angulo semirecto insidentibus rectis subparallelis praedito;
foliorum inferiorum lacinisd intermedi» 1-3 panduriform^s, infimas
subindiyisss y. latere exteriore tantum prope basin minute l-lobatsa,
intermediss quasi bine e basi late oboyata 4-4^ cm. lata, et illinc
apice late rbombeo-oyatOi istbmo 1-2 cm. lato et 5-15 mm. longo
cum basi conjuncto formatas sunt. Bracte» 4 mm. longae (duae yisee).
Calyx masc. (duo yisi) 1 cm. longus, aperiens oboyoideus ; lobi late
triangulari-oyati, acuti. Discus florum masc. paryus. Antberso
2imm. longsB. Calyx fem. ignotus. CapsulsB matures 18 mm.
longsB, globossB, in dorso carpidiorum leyiter carinatse. Semina absque
carunoula ampla 9-11 mm.ilonga, fere totidem lata, sed tantum 5 mm.
crassa, ambitu ellipsoidea, fuscesoenti-cinera, striis atris irregularibus
subrectis paucb omata.

AAnis M. Janiphoidi sed bene distincta.

Habitat inter saxa valleetda ctifusdam prope Afoochingam in Mepubl,
Argentina : LoreniZj no. 297, in hb. Mehl. et in hb. DC.

11. Sebastiaitia KLOTsscHXiiTA, var. TKicnopoDA, Mull. Arg.f
ramulis ultimis et penultimis breyibus, ultimis breyissime puberuHs,
petiolis patenter puberulis, foliorum liml>o oblongato-eUiptico y.
minorum latiuscule elliptico glabro pallido subtus subconcolore y.
glauco-cinerascente.

Omnia ut in Sebastiam'a Klotuchiana fi brachyclada sed petioli

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EUFHOBIOACEJE ITOTJB. 231

paxce Urto-puberali. Fructus bene conyeniunt, flores tamen et
semina hucasque ignota sunt. Frutez elatus v. arbor humilis. —
Inter var. hrachyeladam et v. iriohoneuram bujus epeciei inserenda
est .

Habitat in mantihtu versus Sierra ant&riarem ifd&r Andes et Cordota
titamprope Caiera : Zorent%, no. 373, in hb. Eichl. et in hb. DC.

12, £uPH0S9U BSRPEHS {Kunth) var. loCBOPHTLLi. Mull. Arg.^
caolibus e caudice tenoiter liguoso numerosissimia ramosissimis inbi-
oatis prostratis et radicantibua Talde miGropbyllinia, foliia minimis,
involucri glandolis yiolaceo-piirpurascentibxis, appendicibuB glandolaa
latitudine snperantibus albi^ y. dilate violasc^iti-albidis integris y»
repando subqnadrilobatis.

Caules 3-13 cm. longi, tenuiter filiformes, densioscule foliosi.
Folia tantum 1*^-2^ mm. loaga et li-lf mm. lata, i.e., minora quam
in ipsa var. radiemte Eagelm., caeterum iis speciei omnino conformia.
Planta, evidentissime perennis, quoad cbaracteres specificos, stipolas,
stylos, capsulaa et semina perfecte cum planta Kuntbiana quadrat.

Habitat ad vias etc. prope Cordovam in Republ. Argentina ubi vers
et €uiatefrequm$ etherba infestans : LorenU^]no. 302, inhb. Mehl. et in
hb. DC.

13. EcTPHOBBiA. LoasFTZii Mull. Arg.f caulibus berbaceis sub-
prostraUB, ramis suberectis, stipulis interpetiolaribus late triangular!
ovatis Hberis v. incomplete in unam connatis fimbnato-laceris, folii^
breviter petiolatis ovatis basi obliqua semicordatis argute serrulatis
membranaceis, involucris terminalibus et in dicbotomiis supremis sitis
aolitariis pedicellatis, pedicello involucrum saquante vel eo paulo lon-
giore, involucio turbinato-campanulato glabro intus fauoe tdbido-bis-
pido« lobis lanceolatis flmbriatis tube 3-plo brevioribus, glandulis
stipitatis gyalectiformi-urceolatis orbiculatis v. nonnibil transversim
oblongatis extus appendice flrma albida semielliptica Integra y.
]:epando-2-4-loba iis latiore cinctis, cicinnis cyatbii ad florem unicum
reduotis, bracteis florum monandrorum lineari-lanceolatis supeme
plumoso-ciliatis indivisis, flore fem. validiuscule stipitato glabro
calyce omnino destitute, stylis abbreviatis bifidis erectis, capsulis
gli^ris tridymis in dorso carpidiorum rotundato yix distinote cari-
natis, seminibus tetragono-globoeo-ovoideis lateribus transversim irre-
gulariter rugulosie.

Caules diametro 1 mm. sub£3quantes, prostrati aut e basi procum-
bente adscendentes, quoad specimina visa baud radicantes nee arete
adprefssi, infeme glabrati, csBterum cum ramis et ramulis et foliis pilis
elongatis griseis patentibus villosuli; intemodia inferiora 2-4 cm.
longa; rami paulo graciliores et densius foliosi, pallide virides.
StipulsB paulo longiores quam longae, MspidulsB. Folia caulium minus
procumbentium 15 mm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, oblique et obtuse
acutata, subtus gUucescentia v. primum purpurascentia, creberrime
venulosa, ramulorum quarta parte minora, floralia ambitu angustiora,
3-4-plo longiora quam lata, juniora nonnibil purpurascenti-viridia.
lavolucra evoluta 4 mm. longa, primum anguste turbinata, dein
magis campanulato-turbinata, extus IsBvia et glabra, purpurascentia,
extus intusque prsater faucem glabra. Glandulae margine connivente
excavatae, ftiscse. Capsulse l|- mm. longse. Semina U mni. longa,
plumbeo-fuscescentia. — Affinis K ovalifolia, sed baud integrifolia, nee

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232 SUPHOBBIAC&S NOViE.

glabra et stipulis omnino aliis prsBdita. Ab E, Berpyllifoliay Pers., et
ab E. Engelnumniy Boiss., jam stipuli) diffort et a simiU E. maeulata,
L., capsulis glabris statim recedit.

Habitat loots humidis prope San Francisco in Republ. Argmtina, ubi
inter herhas prorep&ns oresoit : Zorentz, no, 299, in hb. Eiehl. et DC,

14. EuPHOBBiA oVALiFOLiiL ^ Abgentdva, MUU. Arg.y foliis obscure
glauoesoentibus, glandularam appendioe angastissima v. obsoleta,
calycis feminei laoiniis subtriangularibus inciso-fissis.

Habitus ut in y Montevidensi^ calyx ut in P sehizosepala, sed
magis evolutus, et glandularam appendices nonnisi marginem peran-
gustissimum paullo paUidiorem simulantes v. omnino indistinctse, molto
angustiores quam in ipsa 7 Mbntevidensi, Caules 15 cm. longi, pro-
cumbentes. Fetioli 1 mm. longi y. foliorum juniorum breviores.
FoHorum limbus 3-5 mm. longus, 1 J-2f mm. latus. Styli brevissimi.
CapsulsB li mm. longae. Semina ut in tota specie leyiter tantum sed
distincte faciebus rugulosa, in angulis ipsis autem Isevia.

Habitat prope Ascoohinga in Republ. Argentina: Lorentz, no.
300, in hb, Eiehl, et in hb, DC,

15. EuPHOBBiA. E10HT.BBI, Miill, Arg,f caulibus inferne Hgnescen-
tibus suberectis altematim ramosis, stipulis e basi late tnangalari
lanceolato-acuminatis profunde inciso-laceris bad geminatim breviter
connatis, foliis lanceolato-ovatis acutis basi obliquis firme membra-
naceis parce denticulatis, involucris axillaribus et terminalibas
solitariis, pedicello in^olucri glabro, invohtcro campanulato extus
glabro intus fauce hirto, lobis triangularibus indiyisis ciliatis, glan-
dulis orbiculari-gyalectiformibus fuscis appendice iis sublatiore
pallida lunata integerrima cinctis, cymulis v. cicinnis intemis 1-2-
floris, bracteolis intemis flabellatim 5-fidis supeme plumosis, pedicello
fem. supeme piloso, calyculo femineo annular! integro pro-
minente, ovario undique adpresso-piloso, stylis longiusculis suberectis
bifidis cruribus cylindncis obtusis, capsulis trigastricis pilosis in dorso
carpidiorum non carinatis, seminibus tetragono-ovoideis faciebus ir-
regulariter et leviuscule rugulosis.

Planta circ. 20-centimetrali8, a basi ramosa, olivaceio-Tirens v.
demum obscure viridis v. nigricans, omnibus partibus vegetativis,
excepto pedicello involucroruin, pilis griseis v. obscurioribus, sab-
patentibus v. leviter crispulis vestita, indumentum tamen folioram,
praesertim paginae inferioris, paulo longius. Caules basi diametro
2 mm. sequantes ; intemodia l^>2i cm. longa, ad insertionem folioram
nonnihil nodoso-incrassati ; rami erecto-patentes. Stipulse fere 1 mm.
longae, hispidulaB. Fetioli l-J-2 mm. sequantes. Limbus folioram
13-17 mm. longus, 4-7 mm. latus, basi altero latere semicordatos,
altero obtusus, tota longitudine distanter denticulatus, folioram
ramulinorum triente v. dimidio minor, caeterum conformis, superioram
lanceolatus et fere integer, illi ramulorum axillarium subconfertL
Pedicelli involucrorum crassiusculi, laevigati, involucra bene
sequantes. Involucra 1 mm. longa, extus laevigata, fere aequilata ac
longa. Oapsulae 2 mm. longae. Semina 1^ mm. longa, sicca griseo-
plumbea, madida fuscescenti-rubella.

Prime intuitu specimina depauperata pauciflora simulat E. lasio-
carpa^ Kl. (Boiss. in DC. Prodr., vol. xv., 2, p. 23), sed dispositio
florum alia et involucra et stipulae longe differunt. A proxime affini

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BOTANICAL BIBUOGEAPHT OF THE BBITISH COUNTIKS. 2o3

E, Meyeniana, Kl. (Boias. ia DC. Prodr. vol. xv., 2, p. 42), distin-
gaitur caulibus suberectis, foliis nee obtasis nee grosse argute serratis,
involuciis extus glabris, appendicibns parvis glandularum et forma
stylorum. — Species insigniter distincta.

Habitat prope Ascoohinga in RepM. Argentina: Lorentz, no, 301,
a d. Prof, Eiohler henevoU communioataf in hb. Eichl et in hb. D C.

16. EuPHOEBiAPOKTiTLAOoiDJBS, ySoBTuaiPOLiA, MulL Arg.^ caulibus
erectis cum foliis glabris, foliis caulinis oblongo- v. lanceolato-oboTatis
▼. bine inde oblongato-ellipticis rotuudato-obtusis li-2 cm. longis
circ. 6-11 mm. latis, floralibus late lanceolatis acutis v. subacutis,
umbellse radiis circ. 4-6 cm. longis.

Habitat vulgatissime ^^in campia et rvvulia,''^ prope Cordoba in
RepubL Argentinensi : ZorentZy ho. 303, pr. p., sed eademsub schedtUa
etiam var, mq^or aderat, in hb. JEichl. et in hb. DC.

EnPHo&BiA POETULACOiDES, 5 HA JOB, MUll. Arg.^ caulibus sub-
erectis circ. pedalibus cum foliis glabris, foliis caulinis spatbulato-
lanceolatis rotundato-obtusis circ. 3-4 cm. longis et 9-13 mm. latis,
floralibus ovato -lanceolatis abrupte et obtuse subacutatis, costis 3
foliorum evolutorum bene distinctis tenuibus subtus prominulis, um-
bellse radiis circ. decimetralibus.

Habitu elatiore et foliis distinctius trinerviis cum var. trinervia,
Boiss. in DC. Prodr., vol xv., 2, p. 103, quadrat, sed babitu neutiquam
E. verrucosam referens. — Fructus et semina utriusque varietatis ut in
sp ecie. Glandulse atro-purpureae. Involucri lobi rosei v. purpura-
scentes.

Habitat circa Cordoba in Republ. Argent.^ ubi frequentissima :
ZorentZy no. S03, pr.p, in hb. Eichl. et in hb. DC.

Obs. — Species comparationis causa supra citatae in Martii Plora
Brasiliensi elaboratsB et nuperrime editae sunt.

BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH

COUNTIES.

By Hbney Tbimbn, M.B., F.L.S.

{Concluded from page 183.)

SCOTLAND.*

J. Lightfoot, Flora Scotica, 1777. Linnean system; descriptive;

good figures; Cryptogams included. — W. J. Hooker, Flora

Scotica, 1821. Linnean and Natural Systems; descriptive;

includes Cryptogams. — Sibbald, Scotia Illustrata, 1684, vol.

ii., pp. 6-56. — Mart., 114. — Gough, iii., 449. — Statistical

Account, of Scotland, 1794; New account, 1834-45. — J.E.Smith,

in Trans. Linn. Soc. (1809), x., 333 .— D. Don in Trans. Wern.

Soc. (1821), iii., 294.— Brand in Trans. Bot. Soc, Edinb.— J.

* For uniformity I have endeavoured to arrange the Scotch local Floras
under the names of the counties. Many of them, however, relate to the more
andent divisions, as Moray, Clydesdale, Braemar, &c. (which are usually defined
by natural boundaries, and therefore more suitable for scientific treatment), into
which the country was formerly divided, and the names of which are still main-
tained.

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234 BQTAKICIL BIBLlOaR^PHf OF THB BBITI8H 00VNT1E8.

Dickson, Norito Florae Seotioae, in faac. 2 of Flant» Cryptog.
Britanni»y p. 29 (1790). — IcL, in Trans. Linn. Soc., u., pp.
286-291.— K. K. Greville, Scotdah Cryptogamic Flora. 1823-
28 ; not confined to Scotch plants. — D. Landsboroogh, Trea-
snres of the Deep, 1847 ; Scotch Seaweeds.
DcTXFBiBs. — j]72. Fr. fV. Lowlandi,] Drained by Esk, ITith, and
Annan into Solway Firth ; N. boundary natural.
2.— New B.G., 414.
Dumfries.^F. Gray in Phyt., i., 416. — ^Hepaticae, Omikshankin

Phyt., i., 257.— J. Sadler in Trans. Bot. Soc. Bdin.
Moffat.'--W. Carmthers in Black's M. Guide.
KiBKCUDBRiGHT. — [73. Pr. W. Zowlands.'j Drained by Dee and
small streams into Solway Firth.
2._NewB.G., 412.

Colvend. — P. Gray in Phyt., iii., 348, 740.— J. Fraser in Trans.
Dumfries and Galloway Nat. Hist. & Antiq. Soc, 1866.—
Id. in Handbook to C. and South wick, 1873.
WiGTow. — [74. Pr. W, Lowlands.] Drained by Cree, Luce, &c.,
into Irish Sea.
2. — ^New B.G., 410. No list of common plants obtained by Mr.
Watson.
Atb. — [75. Pr. W. Lowlands'] Chiefly drained by Ayr, Irvine,
&c. , to W. coast, part of E. by Nith into Solway Firth.
2.— New B.G., 415.— Landsborough, Botany of A., 1872.

Atha Craig, — Balfour in Phyt., ii., 257.
E. Kennedy, Clydesdale Flora, 1865 (see Likabk).
Bbetfeew — [76. Pr. TT, Lowlands.] Entirely in the Clyde b isin.
2.—New B.G., 417.
The Clydesdale and Glasgow Floras contain localities in B.
Lanakk. — [77. Pr. W. Lowlands.] Southern boundaries natural.
Nearly all in Clyde basin, small portions on E. border drained £.
into Frith of Forth.
1. — Patrick, Pop. Description of the Indigenous Pits, of L., 1831.
2.— New B.G., 419.— E. Kennedy, Clydesdale Flora, 1865 ; ed. 2.,
1869; Nat. system; descriptive; no Cryptogams. — J. Bryoe,
Geology of Clydesdale and Annan, 1859.
Glasgow.— H. Hopkirk, Flora Glottiana, 1813.
Pbbblbs. — [78. Pr. E. Lowlands,] Entirely in Tweed basin.
2. — New B.G., 426. No list of common plants obtained by Mr.
Watson.
Selkibk. — [79. Pr. W. Lowlands.] Entirely in Tweed basin.
2. — New B.G., 426. No list of common plants obtained by Mr.
Watson.
BoxBUBOH. — [80. Pr. W. Lowlands.] Chiefly in Tweed basin, S.
part drained by Esk into Solway Firth.
2.— New B.G., 426.
Teviotdale. — Murray in Trans. Hawick Archaelogical Soc.
Jedburgh. — ^Fungi, A. Jerdon in Phyt., N.S., ii., 49.
NoRTE(7MBBBLAND Bul CdBCBEELAND Floras coatalu locaHtles in R.
BBttWiCK. — [81. Pr. E, Lowlands.] Entirely in Tweed basin.

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BOTANICAL lIBLIOeBAPHT OF THB BRITISH COUNTIBS. 235

1.— G. Johnston, Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1829, 31 ; Lin-
nean System ; descriptive ; no districts ; includes Cryptogam s,
and a sketch of progress of hotany in B. — Supplement, includ-
ing Cryptogams, in Froc. B. Nat. Club.
2.— New B.G., 428.
Iiloras of Cheviots^ E. Borden, and Berwich-on-Tweed (see North-

uMBERLAin)) contain localities in B. *

3. — ^Herbarium of Border plants, coll. by O. Johnston in Museum
of Tweedside Phys. and Antiq. Soc., Kelso.
Haddington. — [82. Pr. U, Lowlands,'] Drained by Tyne into North
Sea.
2.— New B.G., 436.
See the Floras of Edinburgh.

Bass ^(?)fe.— Balfour in History of the B.E., 1848 & 1855.
Edinburgh. — [88. Pr. JS. Lowlands.'] Chiefly drained by small
streams into Frith of Forth, S. part in basin of Tweed.
1.— J. H. Balfour and J. Sadler, Flora of E., 1863. Radius of 20-
30 miles, includes portions of eleven other counties ; no dis-
stricts or arrangements of localities ; no authorities quoted ; lists
of Mosses and Lichens.
2.—New B.G., 438.
Uddnhurgh, — Woodforde, Cat. of plants round E., 1824. — Gre-
ville, Flora Edinensis, 1824; Linnean System; includes
Cryptogams. — R. Sibbald, Scotia Ulustrata, 1684, pt. 2.,
pp. 57-71. — ^R. Maughan in Mem. "Wernerian Soc, i., 215
(1811), includes Cryptogams. — Yalden's MSS. in Bot. Dep.
Brit. Mus.
3. — ^University Herbarium at Edinburgh Bot. Gardens.
LnaiTHGOW. — [84. Pr. E. Lowlands.] Drained by small streams
into Firth of Forth.
2.— New B.G.. 442.
See Floras of Edinbttrgh.
Pipe and Kinross.— [85. Pr. E. HigUands!] Drained by Eden,
Leven, &c., to North Sea and Frith of Forth.
2. — ^New B.G., 450. — Lawson in Phyt., iii., 129. — Mosses, C.
Howie in Phyt., N.S., iii., 212, iv., 483.— Id., Musci Fifenses
(dried specimens).
Sec the Edinburgh Floras.
SfiRLiNG.— [86. Pr. E. Highlands.'] Chiefly drained W. by End-
rick into Loch Lomond, E, portion by Forth into Frith of
Forth.
2. — ^New B.G., 455. — List of common plants very incomplete ; H.
C. Watson.
Perth.— [87 West (with Clackmannan), 88 Mid., 89 East. Pr.
E. Highlands.] Northern and Western boundaries natural. 88
and 89 drained by Tay into Forth Sea, 87 by Forth into Frith
of Forth,
2.— New B.G., 465 and (Clackmannan) 450.— See Proc. P. Soc. of
Nat. Science.
Perth.— 'L. Lindsay in Phyt., N.S., ii., 284.— J. Sim in Phyt.,
N.S., iii., 33, 96; iv., 132.

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236 BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPflT OF THE BftlTISH COUKTIES.

Blair ^l^Ao/.r— Lichens, Crombie in Grevillea, L, 170.
A complete Flora is in preparation by Dr. Buchanan White and
Mr. J. Sadler.

FoBFAE.— [90. Pr. E, Highlands.'] Drained by N. and S. Esk into
North Sea, 8. portion in Tay basin. North boundary natural
1.— W. Gardiner, Flora of F., 1848. Natural System ; no dis-
tricts ; all the Cryptogams included. Popular style.
2.— New B.G., 474.— R. Brown (1792), J. Bot., 1871, 321.— G.
Don in Headrick's Survey in F., 1813 ; Appendix B., pp. 11-
59.— Id., Herbarium Britannicum, Fasciculi of dried plants,
1804, &c. — Graham in Edinburgh New. Phil. Journ. — Ander-
son's Guide to the Highlands, &c., 1834.
Breadalbane irounto'iM.--Gardiner in Phyt., i., 468.
A new edition of (Gardiner's Flora in preparation.
3. — Gh)od set of Gardiner's plants in the British Museum.

KmcAEDiNB. — [91. Pr. E, Highlands.'] Drained by Dee and smaller
streams into North Sea.
2.— New B.G., 497.— G. Dickie, Flora Abredonensis, 1838.—
P: Macgillivray, Flora of Aberdeen, 18^3 ; localities in K. dis-
tinguished. — A. Murray, Northern Flora, 1836. (see Aber-
deen.)

Abbbdben.— [92 South, S3 North. Pr. E. Highlands.] Drained by
Don and Dee and smaller streams to £. coast, and by Doveran,
&c., to N. coast. S."W. boundary natural.
2.— New B.G., 488.— A. Murray, The Northern Flora (includes
also Kincardine, Banff and Elgin, and parts of Sutherland,
Boss, Inverness and ForfiEur). Incomplete. Ft. 1, 1836, to
end of Pentandria Monogynia. Linnean System. Descriptive.
— G. Dickie, Bot. Guide to A., Banff and Kincardine, 1860.
A herdeen. — G. Dickie, Flora Abredonensis, 1 838. Linnean System ;
no Cryptogams ; 15 miles radius. — Macgillivray, Flora of A.,
1853 ; Natural System ; no Cryptogams.
Scotston Moor. — ^List of Plants in Proc. Aberdeen Nat. Hist.

Soc.
Deeside Sf Braemar. — Macgillivray in Trans. "Wern. Soc, vi.,
539 (1832).— Id., Nat. Hist, of Deeside and Braemar, 1845.
— A. Croall, Flora of Braemar (dried specimens). —J. Barton
in Phyt., N.S., 1858, 341, 417.-J. M. Crombie, B., ite
Topography and Nat. Hist., 1861, pp. 54-68.
Bev. J. M. Crombie is preparing a complete Flora of Braemar.
Banff. — [94. Pr. E. Highlands.] 8. part in Spey basin, rest by
Doveran and small streams to N. coast
2.— New B.G., 497. ' '

Elgin. — [95. Pr. E. Highlands. Includes a piece of Inverness.]
Drained by Spey and Findhom to N. coast.
l.-_[G. Gordon] Collectanea for a Flora of Moray, 1849. In-
cludes Nairn and part of Inverness ; Linnean System ; no
Cryptogams.
Inverness. — [96, Eastemess, Pr. E. Highlands ; 97 Westemess, Pr.
W. Highlands.] S.E. boundary natural. 96 drained by Fmd-

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BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH COUNTIES. 237

horn, Loch Ness, and Beauley to Moray Firth, 97 by Loch
Lochy and small streams to West coast.
2.— ifew B.G., 502, 503.
Abgtlb (Mainland). — [98. Pr. W. Highlands,'] Drained by Loch
Awe and many small streams to W. coast. Fart of W. boundary
natural.
2 — "New B.G., 460.
BuMBARTON. — [99. Pr. JF. Highlands.'] Drained by Loch Lomond,
in Clyde basin.
2.— New B.G., 457. — R. Hennedy, Clydesdale Flora (see Lanark).
Cltdb Isles. — Bute, Arran, Cumbrae, &c.— [100. Pr. JT, High-
lands.]
2.— New B.G., 460.— B. Hennedy, Clydesdale Flora.
Arran, — D. Landsborough, Excursions to Arran, &c., 1852,
pp. 190-3. — J. Bryce, G^eology of other Clyde Islands, ed. 4,
1872, pp. 228-251.
Cantire.— [101.^ Pr. JF. Highlands.]

2.-.Balfour in Phyt. ii., 291, 321.
South Ebudes. Isla, Jura, &c. — [102. Pr. W. Highlands.]

2.— Balfour in Phyt. ii., 291, 321.
Mid Ebudes. Mull, Coll, &c.— [130. Pr. W. Highlands.]

No list of common plants obtained by Mr. Watson.
North Ebudes. Skye, Bum, &c. — [104. Pr. W. Highlands.]
2. — ^New B.G., 503 (under Inverness). — T. Pennant, Tour in Scot-
land and Yoyage to the Hebrides, 1774-6. — M. A. Lawson in
J. Bot., 1869, p. 108.
Ross.— [105 West, 106 East. Pr. iV. Highlands.] 105 drained by
small streams to W. coast, 106 by Carron, Conan, &c., to E. coast.
2. — New B.G., 508. — ^No list of common plants obtained for 105
by Mr. Watson.
Sutherland.— [107 East, 108 West. Pr. iV. Highlands.] 107
drained by Brora and Loch Shin to E. coast ; 108 by small streams
to N. and W. coasts
2.— NewB.G., 512.— Graham in Edinb. New. Philos. Journ., 1828,
p. 593.
Caithness. — [109. Pr. N. Highlands.] Drains N. and S. from a cen-
tral watershed.
2.— N.B., 616.
Hebrides. — [110.]
2.— T. Pennant, Tour in Scotland and Yoyage to the H.. 1774-6;
contains figures of plants. — J. H. Balfour and C. C. Babington
in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1841. — ^W. Macgillivray in Ediub.
Journ. of Nat. and Geogr. Science, 1830, p. 91.
Orkney Isles. — [111.]
2.— New B.G., 517.— J. Wallace, Account of Islands of 0., 1700.
— Neill's Tour in 0. & Shetland. — C Clouston, Guide to the
0. Islands, 1862.— H. C. Watson in Journ. Bot, 1864, p. 11.
Shetland Isles. — [112.]
1.— T. Edmonston, Flora of S., 1845.— B. Tate in Journ. Bot.,
1866, p. 2.— H. C. Watson in Journ. Bot., 1866, p. 343.

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238 K0TE8 ON EBBKACEA.

2.— New B.G., 520.— T. Edmonston in W. D. Hooker's Notes on
Norway, 1839, pp, lll-117.--Id. in Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hiat.,
1841, p. 247.

3. — B. Tate's plants in the British Museum.

NOTES ON EBENACEJB; WITH DESCRIPTION OP A NEW

SPECIES.

Br W. P. HiERN, M.A.

The quantity of new material which ha^ accumulated during the
year and a third that has elapsed since the completion of my
Monograph of Ehenace<By is fortunately much less than what reached
me during the year of printing and in time to be included in it ; still
a few particulars require to be added in order to bring the informa-
tion well up to the present time.

With regard to the economic products of the family, it has long
ago been related by Thunberg in his travels, that the berries of the
Cape Guarri bush, Euclea undulata^ Thunb , when bruised and
fermented, yield vinegar ; modern writers, however, do not mention it,
and the practice has probably fallen into disuse.

The Kei Apple, an indigenous Natal fruit which furnishes a good
substitute for currant jelly, has been classed in some catalogues as
belonging to an Ebenaceous plant, from the general appearance of its
fruit ; it is really a member of the Family Bixinea^ and is the beny
of Aheria Caffra^ Hook. f. & Harv.

In Bengal the leaves of Diospyros Tupru, Buch., a species which
is the D. esoulmta of Eosenthal, and which Dr. Brandis deems identi-
cal with D, mehnoxylon, Roxb., are sometimes used as dishes by the
natives ; and in the North-West Provinces of British India, accord-
ing to Dr. J. L. Stewart, ploughs combs and cogs for wheels are
made from its wood, and insects are said not to touch it ; the raspings
of the wood are of&cinal and are prescribed as an alterative.
The fhiit of Diospyro$ montana^ Eoxb., is not eaten, being
regarded as poisonous, but is used in the Punjab as an application to
the hands in case of boils.

The ebony tree gum, known by the name of Eendka ^ Oand, is
said in a report on the gums and resinous products of India, pub-
lished in 1871 by the Government of India , to be used to remove ob^
structions of the vision.

With regard to the affinities of Ebenaeeat, it has been suggested to
me to compare with it the ovular structure of the group formed by
LoranihacecE and Stmtalacete ; the affinity appears to hold only through
Oladnece and Ilmneaf Orders which have close relations both to
Ebenacea on the one hand, and to the suggested Orders on the other.

In the jungles of India ^ a botanical corn spondent writes. The
only order with which a person in passing is very likely to confound
EhenacecB is Guttifertt^ to which, in young fruit for instance, the

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N0TE3 ON KBENACBJS. 239

resemblance is very striking. On accoont of this striking resemblance,
the fruits of the Indian trees Biosfpyros EmlryopttrUy Pers., D. .
Ebefuuter^ Retz., and B. discflor, WiUd., are called the wild or false
Mangosteen ; the true Mangosteen being a delicious fndt furnished
by the Guttiferous plant, Oardnia Manyostanay Linn.

The Order Cyrillece is placed by some authors next to Uhenacea.
This small Order, 'as pointed out by BaiUon, consists of two parts,
which differ in the number of ovules in each cell of the ovary ; the first
part, represented by the genus Cliftoniay has the ovules solitary ; and
the second part, represented by the genera Cyrilla and Elliottia, has
several ovules together. The affinity of the first part is closer to llicinea
than to Ebenacea^ and of the second part closer to Ericaceae than to
Ebenacea.

With regard to new species and varieties, the few following must
be mentioned Mr. Eurz in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of
Bengal, vol. xlii., part 2, page 88, 1873, has published as a new
species his Gunisanthtcs mollis^ a plant from Martaban, which he
previously noted in his manuscript as Biospyros mollis ; the charac-
ters given by him do not extend to the female flower or fruit, nor does
he give any particulars relating to the interior of the male flowers.
I am, therefore, unable either todetermine the distinctness of the species,
or, having mei^ed the genus Gunisanthtts in Diospyros, to assign
it a proper position in the latter ; it may, however, be closely
related to Bio$pyros pihsuhf Wall., a species which is known
to occur amongst the mountains of Silhet and also in Pegu. It
searcely appears to be identical with the D, moUiSy i.e., D. Ehretioides
var. mollis of Wallich, which occurs in the Tavoy district. There is
another Biospyros mollisy one that had escaped my notice, from the
Shan Country on the borders of Burmah and Siam, published and
figured from a fruiting specimen by Griffith, so long ago as 1844, in
the third volume of the Journal of the Agricultural and Horticul-
tural Society of India, p. 1 45 ; this is the Black-dye plant of the Shans.
The Shans dye articles, such as silk, cotton, &c., with the berry in the
raw state ; cloth dyed with it without any ingredient is said to stand
constant wear for several years without losing its colour ; they some-
times, however, mix a small portion of iron-fllings to give it an
additional hue, and at other times lime, according to their fancy. The
black dye is produced from the pulp growing round the plum-like
fruit, which is of a very light colour inside, until broken and exposed
to the air and sun, when it gradually assumes an intense black
colour, iturther information about this valuable plant is much
needed.

Mr. Bolus, of Graaf Reinet, South Africa, has sent to Kew from
the hills of his own neighbourhood a specimen, no. 616, of an interest-
ing shrub with an edible fruit ; it is a new variety of a common Cape
plant, and it may be called Royena hirsuta, Linn., var. rigida ; or it
may prove to be a elosely allied but distinct species. It d^fl'ers from
the type by a more rigid habit with numerous patent branches, by
narrower calyx-lobes, and by a less hairy corolla with lanceolate-
oblong lobes. I have not seen the fruit.

Mr. Bolus has also drawn my attention to the presence of little
glands at the base of the ovary in another specimen of his, no. 470^

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f40 ON SOME ASIATIC COBTLACBJE.

Royena hirmta, Linn. ; I do not, however, yet find them in the other
species of this genus.

In the Oxford University herbarium there is a new variety of a
species of Diospyros from Brazil, collected by Biedel, which I call
jb, peruviana^ var. y. Riedelii; it has leaves lanceolate-oblong
acuminate 4^-6 by 1-1^ in. ; petioles y\ i°- ^^^^^ stamens in the only
male flower examined 72

The following is a new species from Brazil collected by BurcheU,
October 5, 1827 ; the specimen had been sorted into a different
natural order in the Kew herbarium and has only very recently been
seen by me.

DiosPYEos BufiCHELLH, Sibrn. — D. fulvo-hispida, foliis altemis
late obovatis coriaceis obtusis basi cuneatis breviter petiolatis, floribu8
masculis confertis brevissime cymosis subsessilibus basi bracteatis
tetrameris partitis, calycis lobis lanceolatis, corojlae lobis obovato-
oblongis patentibus, staminibus circiter 26 basi coroUaB insertis fila-
mentis pilosis antheris linearibus glabris, ovarii rudimento globoso
hirsutissimo.

Arbuscula 15-pedalis. Folia 6-7^-poll longa, 3-4^poll. lata,
petiole f-J-pollicari. Bractese imbricate. Flores masculi J-poUi-
cares, virides. Calyx -^-poUicaris. Corollae lobi pbtusi, secus dorsum
sericei. Stamina pleraque gemina, Flores feminei ao fructus adhuc
ignoti.

Sahitat in Brasilise tropicae provinciS. Goyaz, inter " Campo-
Aberto" et ** S. Basic," prope oppidum **Bomfiin,"iApasciiiscollims;
collegit atque annotavit cl. Burehell, no. 6107.

Species nova, J), coccolohafolitBy Mart, affinis.

A few more new fossils have been published as belonging to
EhenacecB ; it, however, still remains that only two or three species,
namely, JDiospyrog hrachysepala, A.Br., Royena graea, Ung. • (not
Euclea relicta^ XJng., as printed by mistake on page 272 of the
Monograph), and perhaps D. oocarpa (part), Sap. non Thw., appear
to me to be satisfactorily established as members of the family. Some
remarks on the value of the determinations of the so-called
Ebenaceous fossils were communicated by me to the Botanical Con-
gress held at Florence in May last.

0^ SOME ASIATIC CORYLACE^.

By H. F. Hance, Ph. D., Brc.

1. Qmrom (Cyclohalanus) JFoodii, sp. nov. — Ramulis glabris v.
obsolete furfuraceo-squamulcsis, foHis brevipetiolatis e basi cuneata
oblongis integerrimis coriaceis glabris supra subopacis subtus pallidis
costulatis costulis sub angab 40® egressis, cupulis sessilibus solitariis
patelliformibus diametro poUicaribus tomento brevi cinereo dense
obtectis zonis concentricis 7-8 basin conico-tumidam versus valde
indistinctis marginem versus magis approximatis et paulo conspicui-
oribus, glande brunnea late ovoideo acutiuscula pollieem alta pweter

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OK SOME ASIATIC OOUTLACBiB. 241

verficem ciiiereo-tomentosum glaberrima nitidiuscula stylis tribus
crassis brevibus stigmatibus punctiformibus depressis coronata.

In insula Luzon Philippinarum legit am. W. W. Wood, cujus
benevolentiaB unicorn debeo specimen.

Amon^t the Asiatic oaks known to me this app^rs most closely
allied to the Sumatran Q. amalokos, Korth. ! and Q. Miqueliana^
Scheff. l"*^ from the island of Bangka* It agrees with the first in the
size of the acorn, which is, however, of a somewhat paler brighter
brown, more curved at the sides, and sharper at the apex. The
second has acorns more like mj* species in shape, but with a sharper
top, and they are scarcely more than half the size ; the cup-zone^ are
also much more clearly defined. In foliage it is unlike either, resem*
bling rather, in the pallid under^surface of the leaves and their more
conspicuous primary veins, Q, KorthaUii^ Bl. ! It differs manifestly
from all the Philippine oaks described in the Prodromus, of which I
have in vain endeavoured to procure specimens. I have dedicated this
species to its discoverer, an American gentleman, whose acquaintance
I had the pleasure of making during a visit to Manilla, in the autumn
of 1871. Mr* Wood has long resided in the Philippines, where
in 1836 he met Gaudichaud, then on board the Bonite; and he
rendered essential service to the late Hugh Cuming, during his
exploration of this magnificent group of islands.

2. duercm {CyelohalanUB) umhonata^ sp. nov, — (Foliis floribusque
ignotis), cupula turbinatQ-patelliformi lignosa crassa tomentella 20 lin.
diametro pollicem alta zonis concentricis 4 indistinctis irregulariter
tumidis lineas tantum separatis notata summa marginem crassissimum
efformante e seriebus plurimis squamarum obsoletarum latarum con-
fiata reliquis esquamosis, glande depressa praeter hilum carpicum
glaberrimum totam basin occupans tomento pallido fulvo velutino
obtecta ad > altitudinem 5-linealem ultra cupulam exserta medio
depressa umbonem validum conicum stylis tribus crassis connatis
coronatum gerente.

In insula Penang legit Dr. J. B. King, a. 1865.

I regret being obliged to characterise this from the fruit alone,
but am unwilling to leave so fine and well-marked a species un-
described ; and I was assured it was quite impossible to obtain leaves,
the trunk rising amidst the forest to a height of 100 feet before send-
ing off a single branch. Dr. Hooker, to whom some, years since I
sent a sketch of the fruit, informed me that specimens from Dr.
Waliich exist in the carpological collection at Kew, but that there
also it has never been matched with foliage. Amongst published
species, I believe it stands nearest to Q. platycarpa^ Bl. ! f

3. QuerciM Wattiohiana, Lindl., described by me four years ago.J
from specimens kindly identified by Prof. Oliver with Wallich*s
original ones at Kew, has nothing in common with Q. lamellosa, Sm.,
to which Alphonse De Candolle referred it. It is a true Fasania, not-
withstanding the cup, and its nearest ally is Q, hrevipetiolataj Scheff. !§
from the island of Bangka.

' Scheflfer, bbserv. l^hytolog., ii., 47. f Blume, Fl. Jav., iii. Cupulif., t. Ifi.
X Seemanti, Journ. Bot., viii., 4. § Schoff,, Obs. Phytol., ii., 47.

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242 OV 0OMS ASUTIC OOBTLAGHJI.

4. QuereuB seUropkfUa, Lindl., left by A. Be CandoUe, ^o liad
seen no specimens, amongst the doubtfdl LepidohakMi, is a remarkable
species. It is a somewhat aberrant member of the gronp of the
i!upasan%<B^ from which it forms, I think, a direct transition to the
section Chlamydohalanua^ through Q, eusptdata, S. & Z., which it
greatly resembles in its erect filiform interrupted ^ spikes, arranged
in panicles, in the structure of its ^ flowers, and in the texture of its
leaves, the sharp calloae teeth of which are found only in one or two
other Poionia. The $ flowers are solitary or ap^Hrozimated on the
rachis, the 3 or 4 cylindrical styles* are free to the base,* and the
cotyledons conferruminate. The scales of the woolly cup, in their
irregular shape, size and disposition, closely approach those of the
Japanese oak,f as may be seen by a comparison of young fruit of the
latter, though more numerous and fully developed ; and this affinity
is further indicated by the curious circumstance that, though the cup
does not cover the acorn, it always splits irregularly as the latto
ripens. On the other hand, an approach is made to Castanopsu by
QuercuB Junghuhniiy Miq. 1 (=» Q. aouminati»iifna, A.BC), the cupules
of which are sometimes curiously spiny ;% and notably by a remarks-
able inedited Bangka species, with singular discoidal fruit, sparingly
covered with spines arranged in 3-4 irregular distant concentric
circles, these spines being glabrous at the tips, and frequently com-
pound, precisely as in genuine species of Castanopits, For specimens
of this I am indebted to the liberality of Dr. Sche£E<er, Director of the
Buitenzorg Gkurdens, who has given me ftdl authority to describe and
name it as I now do.

5. Quereus discoearpa^ sp. nov. — ^Ramulis purpurascentibus glabris
lenticellatis, foliis brevipetiolatis e basi cuneata oblongo-lanceolatis
acuminatis integernmis coriaceis glabris 3-6 pollicaribus supra luci-
dulis subtus opacis et pallide cinnafhomeis costulatis costulis utrinque
9 sub angulo 40^ egressis, fructibus ad apices ramulorum aggregatis
oppositis crasse stipitatis discoideis subtus concavis supra convexis
(quodammodo igitur fungiformibus) 4 lin. tantum altis diametro
8'lineali cinereo-velutinis aculeis parvis (linea brevioribus) inaBquali-
bus complanatis simplicibus v. compositis apice glaberrimis in series
3-4 concentricas remotas dispositis armatis monocarpis indehiscentibus,
glande basi cupulas arete adhaerente ambitu subangulata depresso-
pyramidata pallide brunnea sericea stylo crasso brevi coronata.

In ins. Bangka Archipelagi Malayani. (Herb. Hort. Bogor., n.
7001.)

I regret that I have been unable to examine the ovary or the
structure of the cotyledons (the seeds being atrophied or destroyed in
my specimens) of this curious species, which seems allied on the one
hand to Q. Jughuhniiy Miq., and on the other to Castanopsis echidno-
carpa^ A.DG. Alphonse De CandoUe and Oersted, however, assign to

* They are yery much like Oersted's figure of those of Q, fenestraU,
(Aper9a, tab. i-ii, f. 24.) The distinotion drawn by this author between the
connate styles of CyclobdlanuB a&d the free ones of Pasania, and their relative
length in uie two, is perhaps too absolute.

t They are not well figure^ in Siebold and Zuocarini's plate. (FL Jap., 1 2).
% Oudemans, Annot. crit., in Gupulif javan., t. iz., £ 11.

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ON THE GBNTTS ANDKOCTMBIUK. 243

the species included in both Chlamtfdohalanui and Coitanopsts free
aoorns ; in the present tree they require some force to detach them
from the involucre.

6. Castanopsia ChinensiSf Hance. — Excellent specimens of this,
with perfectly ripe fruit, gathered on the White Cloud Hills, above
Canton, enable me to correct or add somewhat to my original diagnosis,*
thus : — ^Fructibus maturis diametro pollicaribus globosis monocarpis
sordide ferrugineo-tomentosis spinis compositis basi ferrugineo-tomen-
tosis apice glaberrimis flaventibus undique dense obsessis, glandibus
pneter apicem tomentellum glaberrimis testaceis ovoideis acutis semi-
poUicaribus basi hilo carpico ruguloso notatis, foliomm dentibus
callosis spinulosis. In C. trihuloidss, A.DC, which is unquestionably
the nearest ally of this species — not C. eehidnooarpaj as I had
supposed when I possessed less perfect specimens than are now at
my disposal — the involucre usually contain two nuts, is clothed with
rufous down, the spines are shorter and less closely set, the petioles
not half as long, the leaf-serratures are not spinulose, the primary
Teins are closer placed and more elevated on the under-surface of the
leaf, and the reticulation of the veinlets is closer and finer.

It will be observed that, in describing the above new species, I
have referred them to Q^erc%^8. Whilst fully recognising the value of
the late Prof. Oersted's labours, and the very greatly improved
arrangement elaborated by him; and carefully weighing his argu-
ments! as to the importance of the differences in size and position of
the stigma, the erect or pendent catkins, the cup-scales and the
foliage, I am unable to concur in the conclusions at which he
arrived. I willingly admit that Pasania, Ct/olohalanus and Cyelo-
halanopBis may have as good claims to distinction as Castanopsis
itself ; but I fliink the characters employed for this purpose are not
such as can fEorly be considered of generic value, and am still of
opinion that it would be preferable to reduce both Castanopsis and
CoBtanea to Quereus.

ON THE GENUS ANBROCYMBIUM, WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES.

By J. G. Baker, F.L.S.

The genus Androcymlium represents at the Cape, with a single
out-wandering member in Abyssinia, our European Merendera and
ErythrostiotuSy and is the only other genus of polyphyllous bulbous
Colehieacea in which there is a distinct claw to the perianth- segment
from the tip of which the filaments arise. It is a genus with a very
peculiar habit of growth, the flowers being aggregated in a dense
corymb which is usually sessile and forms a tuft Uke a large button on
the surface of the soil, surrounded on all sides by a rosette of tapering

♦ Joum. Linn. Soo. Bot., x., 201. •

t Recherches sur la clasdfic. des Chdne» (Copenhag., 1867.), pp. 3 sqq.;
Aper9u sur la classific. doa Chines (Leipz., 1869), pp. 13- U.

r2

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244 ON THE QEJsrua aitoeoctmbium.

leaves which hide the flowers from view except when we look at them
from ahovd. Three Cape species have long been known, and are
described in the 4th volume of Knnth's Enumeratio, page 152-3, but
as Professor Harvey has already stated in the second edition of his
Cape Genera, there are several others to be added. A new one was
lately sent by Mr: MacOwan to the gardens at Kew, and cultivated at
the temperate end of the new T house, but unfortunately it failed
either to perfect seed or establish itself by means of corm-multiplica-
tion. I find there is material available now for characterising eleven
species, three new ones having been found by Burchell fifty yeare
ap:o in his exploration of the barren tract in the very heart of
the colony, which have never been characterised. The whole are quite
uniform in general habits but they fall into three groups according to
the extent to which the leaves that immediately surround the corymb,
or, as we may call them, the general bract leaves, are modified from
the lower leaves or typical foliar leaves. In one group these bract-
leaves are not modified at all either in shape or texture ; in a second
group they are much shorter and blunter, and more membranous or
chartaceous in texture, but are not distinctly striped ; and in a third
group they are greatly modified in form, with an almost petaloid
texture (like the upper bracts of Salvia Horminum or Lavandula
StmJuu) and are marked with close very distinct vertical stripes on a
pale ground which are green in an early, and brownish in a late
stage.

Genus Androcymbifm, Willd, Perianthium coroUinum 6-partitum
infundibulare, segmentis sequalibus longe unguiculatis, marginibus
laminae lanceolatse acuminatae deorsum valde convoluto-cucullatis
Stamina 6, filamentis filiformibus ad basin laminae insertis inclusis
vel leviter exsertis, antheris oblongis vel linoari-oblongis prope basin
affixis bilocularibus extrorsis. OvaKum globosum sessile triloculare,
ovulis in loculo crebris biseriatis, carpellis apice liberis, in stylos
persistentes erectos subulatos apice stigmatoso uncinates desinentibns.
Capsula membranacea septicide trivalvis, seminibus crebris parvia
biseriatis triquetris, testa brunnea membranacea, albumine comeo.
RerlxB acaules vel hreviter caulescentes, bulho vel corio tanicato, Jlorihus
alhidu vel viridulis dense corymhosis sesatlthtis vel pedzcellatu, foliis
elongatis ascendentihuSj interiorihm seepe dtffbrmibics Iracteiformilm^
einctis.

Group 1. Folia interiora exterioribus multo breviora obtusiora
albida membranacea venis verticalibus viridibus vel brunneia decorata.

1. A. MELANTHioiDEs, JVtlld,, Kufith Efium.y iv., 153. — Breviter
caulescens, foliis propriis 2-3 linearibus baud aggregatis 6-8 poll,
longis profunde canaliculatis, bracteiformibus 3-9 ovatis vel oblongis
acutis 1-3 poll, longis, floribus 6-12 distincte pedicellatis, perianthio
albido 5-6 lin. longo, ungue lamina triple breviori, lamina acuminata
basi deltoidea, filamentis exsertis, antheris luteis anguate oblongis
\-i lin. longis. Ca^. B. Spet, late disseminata^ Burke 285 !, Bolus
264 !, MacOwan !, etc. Flowers fronl January to March, and ascends to
4300 feet in Graaf-Reinet.

2 A. STRIATUM, Hochd, inSchimp, Iter Abyss,, No. 1338.— !Breviter
caulescens, foliis propriis 2-3 linearibus canaliculatis ascendentibus
acuminatis 3-5 poll, longis hand aggregatis, bracteiformibus 3-4

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ON THE GBNUS AVOB00ri(BIU3C. 245

oratis yel lanceolatis acutis 1-H poll, longis, floribus S-6 pedicellatis,
perianthio albido 3-4 lin. longo, ungue subulato lamina lanceolata
triple breviore, filamentis lamina SBquilongis, antheris oblongis ^ lin.
longis. Abyssinia^ Schimper, 1338! 323 anno 1853. May prove a
mere variety of the last.

3. A. STTBULATUM, Boker, n.sp, — Acaulii, foliis propriis 2-3 aggre-
gatis subulatis 6-8 poll, longis basi saepe dilatatis, bracteiformibus
3-4 oblongis vel lanceolatis acutis 1^-2 poll, longis, floribus paucis
sessilibus, perianthio 6-7 lin. longo, ungue subulato lamina lanceolata
sequilongOy fllamentis distincte exsertis, antheris flavis oblongis ^ Un.
loDgis. Cap. B. Spei (on a wooded sandbank south of the TJmzweswie.
River, South African Gold Field, June 15, 1870.) T. Baines !.

Group 2. Folia interiora exterioribus multo breviora obtusiora
magis chartacea obscure nervata, venis perspicuis baud decorata.

4. A. LETTCiNTauM, WUld,, Kunth Enum., iv., 153, (A, eueo-
moide$, Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard., t. 165, non Willd.) Acaulis vel
subacaulis, foliis propriis 2-4 aggregatis lanceolatis firmis acumi-
natis 3-9 poll, longis, bracteiformibus 2 ovatis acutis ssBpe insequalibus
1-3 poll, longis demum membranaceis vel subcoriaceis crebre brunneo-
punctatis, floribus multi? breviter pedicellatis, perianthio albido 6-8
lin. longo demum membranaceobrunneo-punctato, ungue applanato
lamina lanceolata aequilongo, fllamentis vix vel demum exsertis,
antheris luteis oblongis 1 lin. longis. Cap, B, Speij late diasmninata^
Zeyher, 122! 1720 !, Drege,2709!, Burchell, 5628!, etc. This is the
oldest-known species of the genus, having been gathered by Thunberg
and described in his Prodromus under the name of Melanthium
capense.

5. A. EUCOMOiDBS, WiUd.f Kunth Enum.j iv., 153, exoL syn. Sweet.
— ^Acaulis, fo^is propriis duobus aggregatis lanceolatis acuminatis car-
noais 6-12 poll, longis 1^-2 poll» latis, bracteiformibus 2 ovatis vel
ovato-lanceolitis lJ-6 poU. longis acutis vetustate subcoriaceis,
floribus multis corymbosis pedicellatis, perianthio viridi 9-12 lin.
longo, ungue lamina sequilongo, lamina deorsum deltoidea marginibus
valde incurvatis, fllamentis lamina aequilongis, antheris basiflxis flavis
3 lin. longis. Capitis Bona Spei ditio centralis^ Burchell, 1339 I
1895 !.

6. A. cuspiDATiTM, Baker, n.sp. — Acaulis, foliis propriis duobus
lanceolatis acutis 2-3 poll, longis earnoso-subcoriaceis siccitate orebre
nervatis basi interdum breviter petiolatis medio 6-8 lin. latis, bractei-
formibus 2 insequalibus subchartaceis, exteriori ovato-lanoeolata pro-
prus vix breviore, interiori obovato corymbum baud vel vix superante
apice late rotundato minute cuspidato, floribus paucis subsessilibus,
perianthio viridi 9 lin. longo, ungue applanato lamina lanceolata
aequilongo, fllamentis latnina distincte brevioribus, antheris basflxis
flavis anguste oblongis 2 lin. longis. Capitis Bona Spei, ditio centralis
ad ripasfiuminis Reed, Burchell, 1376 !.

7. A. VOJLXJTUM, Bwrchell MSS. — Acaulis, foliis propriis duobus
lanceolatis ascendentibus 3-4 poll, longis apice acuminatis insigniter
revoluto-circinnatis, bracteiformibus, duobus ovatis vetustate chartaceis
suberoctis acutis subobtusis 1-2 poll, longis, floribus paucis subsessi-
Ubus, perianthio albido 6 lin. longo, ungue subulato lamina basi
deltoidea aequilongo, fllamentis lamina sequilongis) antheris flavis

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246 Oir THE CXKUS ahbboctxbiuk.

basifiziB ezsertis U lin. longis. Capitis Bona Spei ditia eentralis,
Burchell, 1215 ! 1403 ! (Between Stink-fintein and Beldery-fontein,
and between the Eleine-doome River and Groote-doome River.)

8. A. BuscH£LiJi, Baker, n.$p. — Acanlis, foliis propriis duobns
patulis oblongo-lanceolatis 3 poll, longis obtusis crasse subcoriaceo-
camosis distincte costatis venis occoltis, bracteiformibus 2 late
ovatis obtusis subchartaceis 1-1( poll, longis, floribus panels snb-
sessilibns, peiianthio viridi 9 lin. longo, nngne applanato lamina
lanceolata duplo superante filamentis distincte exsertis, antheris
flavis leviter versatilibns 2 lin. longis. Capitis Bonce Spei, Bnrcliell,
1401. (With the last between Stink-fontein and Seldery-fontein.)

Gaotjp 3. — ^Folia omnia acuminata^interiora ezterioribus minora sed
textura et forma consimilia.

9. A. PUNCTATUic, Baker, n,»p. — Aoaulis, foliis 5-6 omnibus lan-
ceolatis acuminatis arundinaceo-camosis viridibus conspicue canali-
culatis exterioribus 5-6 poll, longis, basi 6-9 lin. latis, interioribas
minoribus, floribus paucis sessilibus, perianthio 6-7 lin. longo primum
albido vetustate brunneo-punctato, ungue subulate lamina lanceolata
duplo breviori, filamentis purpureis lamina distincte brevioribus,
antheris purpureis basi&xis \ lin. longis. Capitis Bona Spei ditto
orientalis, MacOwan (v. v. in Hort. Kew).

10. A. LONGiPES, Baker, n.sp. — ^Acaulis, foliis 5-6 similibus arun-
dinaceo-camosis longe acuminatis distincte costatis exterioribus 6-9
poll, longis, demum 6-9 lin. latis, floribus multis sessilibus, perianthio
ad pollicem longo albido brunneo-punctato, ungue subulato laminam
lanceolato-deltoideam duplo superante, fllamentis lamina duplo breviori-
bus, antheris purpureis oblongis basiflxis i lin. longis. Caput Bona
Spei in ditione Somerset, Bowker ! .

11. A. BuBxsi, Baker, n.sp, — ^Acaulis, foliis 4-5 erectis loratis
subcoriaceo-camosis distincte canaliculatis longe acuminatis 9-12
poll, longis basi deltoideo dilatatis supra basin 9-12 lin. latis, floribus
paucis sessilibus, perianthio ad pollicem longo, ungue applanato
lamina aequilongo, laminae marginibus valde convolutis, fllamentis
lamina duplo brevioribus, antheris basifixis 1 lin. longis. Caput
Bona Spei ad ripas fluminis Vadl, Burke ! •

SHORT NOTES.

Ebtkgiuu cakpestse, L,, IK Kekt. — Whilst on a botanical tour in
Romney Marsh at the end of last month, I unexpectedly came across
a considerable quantity of this plant on tiie sandy waste known as the
" Warren " between New Romney and Dymchurch. The plant was
growing on the northern slope of one of the large sandhills close by
the targets. The spot is well marked by a flagstaff in the imme-
diate vicinity, on which a red flag is hoisted during rifle practice.
The plant had every appearance of being indigenous here, as the ^pot
was some distance from the sea, and no ballast or rubbish was to be
seen in the neighbourhood. I enclose a specimen with this note. I
need scarcely say how botanically interesting the coast between Dun-

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SHOBT VOTES. 247

geness and Hythe is. I will not here give a list of all I saw, but
when I mention Comarum pakutrey Silene conical JHedieagommtmasaii
nearly all the small rare trefoils, Frankenia lavis, Carex teretimcuta^
Ramnculus Xingua in profosioni C, Fseudo-ei/pertUy] &c., it may serve
to stimulate others to make a more complete search in this interest-
ing, but much neglected district. I may also add that the trenches
inland abound in rare aquatic plants. — ^F. J. Havbubt.

MmDLESBx Plakts. — ^Numerous specimens of Sedum dasyphyUumy
I am informed by Mr. W. G. Smith, have been sent him from Mr. J.
T. Clarke, who writes that it grows on very old walls for about a mile
round Hillingdon. There can be little doubt that it is planted there.
Since the publication of the *'Plora of Middlesex" this Sed/um has
also been found in abundance on the left hand wall of Sion Lane,
Isleworth. — ^The Rev. Dr. Hind sends specinaens of Fyrola minor
from the Ghrove, on the east side of Stanmore Heath. It occurs in con-
siderable quantity, covering several square yards, under some venerable
trees. He states that there appears to be no reason to suppose it in-
troduced. — ^A rather unlikely casual was shown me by Mr. "Warren,
on waste ground, formerly a market garden, close to the Gloucester
Boad railway station, Erompton. This was QaUopsU speciosa^
Mill. \{0. versicolor^ Curt) ; four plants only were seen, all in full
flower. — In a neighbouring market garden, planted as an orchard, we
noticed a tall Rumex growmg with R, erispusy from which it differed
somewhat in habit. E2camination showed it to have cordate, broad
inner perianth-leaves entirely devoid of tubercles, and I have little
hesitation in referring it to R. domestictu^ Hartm. {R, lonyifoliui, DC^
£. aquaticuSf Auct. plur.), although the panicle is less dense and
crowded than in most specimens of this northern species, which also
occurs in the Pyrenees. It is perhaps usless to speculate how either
this plant or the Gdeopsis came to a London garden ; R, domestictu
is not known in this country south of Yorkshire, but the Docks have
been so little attended to that it is likely to occur farther southwards
though hitherto unrecorded. — Henry Tsimbn.

Rumex Htdeolapathum aitd R. maxtkus. — I am indebted to Mr.
R. A. Pryor for root-leaves from plants collected at Hatfield, Herts,
showing a chain of intermediates between the extremes figured in
Plate 140, and so far confirming the view of the specific identity of
the two plants. Mr. Pryor's specimens show the following condi-
tions : — A rounded cordate base equal on the two sides, a tapering
base unequal, and a somewhat abrupt base neither distinctly tapering
nor cordate, also unequal. Further examination of our great Water
Bock is much wanted, to trace the range of the two forms through the
country. — ^Hbitbt Tbimkn.

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^8 THE DI8PSR8I0K OF BRITI8H PLAKTS.

€i;tractjer anti %hmattfi.

THE DISPERSION OF BRITISH Pl4Ain:S.

Br T. CoMBEB.

[Extraeta from a paper read before the Hiatorie Soeieiy ofLaneaehire
and Cheshire f January 22nd, 1S74.]

Last. Session I liad the honour of reading before your Society a
paper on " The World-Distribution of British Plants."* An attempt
was therein made to arrange the members of our flora into certidn
groups, according to the area they occupy outside of Britain, the
larger groups being further subdivided into sections. The paper con-
cluded with lists of species, in which a figure was attached to each
group or section indicating its extent of area or '^ degree of distribu-
tion." The lowest figure, 1, indicated the most limited area noticed,
that of plants which are found only in Europe, in the countries bor-
dering the Atlantic. From this the figures increased, as the areas
became more extensive, until 12 represented the dispersion of the
most widely ranging species, those which occur not omy in all three
Continents of the Northern hemisphere, but in more than one of the
Southern Continents as welL To each species was thus assigned a
figure representing its degree of dispersion : and by averaging these
figures we can ascertain the mean specific area of any order or dass, or
of any number of plants possessing in common some distinguishing
feature. In the present paper I propose, by means of averages thus
obtained, and carried for greater exactness to two places of decimals,
to examine into sundry questions respecting the dispersion of plants,
many of which have a&eady been treated of by different authors,
and especially by Professor Alph. De CandoUe in his <' Geographie
Botanique."

Dispersion with Regard to Latitude,

yfiDE Range op Noetheen Plants. — On considering the compa-
rative area of plants, one of the first faets, which cannot fail to attract
attention, is that Northern plants range more widely East and West
than those of more Southern latitudes.

Two of the causes which have been assigned for this appear
evident, viz. : 1st — That the actual extent of ground a plant has to
cover to reach from one quarter of the globe to another is much less
at a high than at a low latitude. 2nd — That about the Arctic Circle
there is almost continuous land, as Asia i9 sepiirated from America
only by Behring's Straits. In the greater ei^panse of sea which now
lies between Europe and America the intermediate stations of the
Faroes, Iceland and Greenland serve aa steppin^-atones ; ancl
the greatest interval between them, that between the Faroes
and Iceland, does not exceed 230 miles. ITnder a favourable
climate, and with a sufficient length of time, the spread of a species
over land is easy ; the chance of seeds being carried across sea, whether

* See pp. 84—88 for an abstract of this paper,

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THB DISPBBSION OF BRITISH PLANTS. 249

by winds, currents, or birds, increases as the distance to be traversed
diminishes ; and in Northern seas it is considered that icebergs serve
as means of conveyance : it is obvious, therefore, that Northern
species possess special facilities for migration between the Old and
New "Worlds, even under existing conditions; and possibly at a
tolerably recent geological period conditions may have been still more
favourable, as Europe and America may have approached nearer to
each other than at present.

Viewed with regard to their zones our native* plants give the fol-
lowing average degree of dispersion : —

Species. Average. Species . Average.

69 Arctic 9-09

124 Northern . . , . 8-82 | .^^ g.g^
297 Temperate, penetrating within |

the Arctic Circle . 8-79 '
366 Temperate, not found within "J

the Arctic Circle . 6-45 V 661 5-63

295 Southern . . . 4-62 J

Total 1151 7-00

Dispersion as affected hy Station.

Aquatic Plants. — ^It has long been noticed that aquatic plants, in
common with other fresh-water productions, are, as a rule, widely
dispersed, and although their number is only moderate, a considerable
proportion are cosmopolitan. The average areas of our ^British species
are as follows ; —

Species. Average.

49 Aquatic . 8-94

268 Semi-Aquatic or Palustral . , . 7-98

834 Terrestrial 6 59

The tendency is most marked in those plants which belong to orders
wholly or pricipally composed of aquatic or palustral species. Thus
of the 49 aquatic plants —

36 NymphaeaccaB, Haloragacese, Hydrocharideae,
Fotomaceae, Lemnaceae, and Marsileaceas,

average 9*11

13 belonging to other orders .... 8*46
and of the palustnds«-

101 Droseraceae, Pinguiculaceae, Alismaceas, Ty-

phaceae, Juncaceae, and Cyperaceas, average 8*16
167 Belonging to other orders . , , 7 79

Maritime Plants. — Professor De CandoUe selects the whole of the
two orders Plumbaginaceae and SalsolaceaB as representatives of mari-
time or salt-loving plants ; and finding that their mean specific area,
calculated and expressed according to his method, is 10*3 against 4*5
that of flowering plants generally, he concludes that maritime plants,
like aquatics, have a range more extended than the average. Of the

* Plants known, or even suspected, to be only naturalised in Britain hays
been excluded ftom all the comparisonsin this paper.

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250 THS DI8PXRSI0N OF BBITISH FLAHSS.

1 1 indiyidaal speoies he names as instances of particularly wide distri-
bution, 6 appear in our list, yet so far as the British floi^a is concerned,
the degree of dispersion of salt-loving species, including those belong-
ing to other orders as well as to the two named by Professor De Gon-
dolle, is less than that of other plants.

Species, Average.

ill Maritime 6*32

1040 Non-maritime 7 07

This discrepancy, and other similar ones that will be met with here-
after, no doubt partly arise from the limited scope of the present
inquiry, confined 6ts it is to the British species alone, and from the
entirely different methods by which the mean specific areas are ascer-
tained and expressed; but I believe they are cliiefly occasioned by
the present calculations being based upon individual species, con-
sidered each separately, and Professor De CandoUe's upon entire
orders.

Calcareoui Plants, — Those plants that evince in Britain a preference
for chalk or limestone soils have a lower degree of dispersion than our
other plants. ^

Species. Average.

81 Calcareous 5*43

1070 Non-Calcareous 7*12

The species classed as calcareous comprise however no aquatic or
palustral plants; and as we have seen that such are the widest
rangers, a more correct comparison is perhaps one confined to ter-
restrial plants. It is as follows : —

Species. Average,

81 Calcareous 5*43

758 Other terrestrials 6*71

On the other hand calcareous plants include an undue proportion of
Orchids, an order that has only a limited specific range : omitting
these again the comparison is : —

Species. Average.

67 Calcareous 5*60

735 Other terrestrials 6*70

JSeath P^»^«.— 'Species that are usually found on dry heaths,
moors, and commons, have also a rather limited degree of dispersion,
the comparison between them and ol^er terrestrials being as fol-
lows : —

Species. Average.

35 Heath plants 6*31

799 Other terrestrials 6 60

Dispersion in relation to Habit and Duration.
Annuals^ Biennids, and Perennials. — The average areas of our
herbs, divided according to their duration, disagree entirely with
Professor De Candolle's figures based upon the plants of the whole
world, by which Monocarpic plants appear more widely diffused than
Perennieds, while of the former Annuals have a more extended range
than Biennials. British herbs give the following result : —

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THE DISPE&SION OF BRITISH PLAITTS. 251

Spscies. Average.

175 Annuals 6*35

31 Annuals or Biennials .... 6*13

23 Biennials 5*44

229 Total Moflocarps 6*23

296 Perennials 7-31

27 Doubtful duration 6*70

Of the representatire orders selected by Professor De CandoUe as
being largely composed of annual species, the principal is that of
Gramineae, which indeed contains three-eighths of the whole. In this
respect our British grasses are different, the great majority of them
(seventy-six out of ninety-four^ being perennials.

Dispersion according to Character of the Flower.

Structure. — Our sixty-one Cryptogams average 9'51, while our
Phanerogams compare as follows : —

Species, Average,

172 ThalamifloraB 6-98

205 Calyciflorae ...... 6*52

306 MonopetalsB ..... 6-41

92Apetal8B 6*84

775 Total Exogens 6-62

129 Petaloide« 7-23

186 Glumaceae 7*55

315 Total Endogens . . . ^ . 7*45

Conspicuous Flowers. — Mr. Darwin has shown how important a
part is played by insects in the fertilisation of flowers ; and how great
a benefit is the cross-fertilisation effected by their means. He
considers that all plants with conspicuously coloured flowers, powerful
odours, or honeyed secretions, are fertilised by insects; '^ and he
concludes that before honey-feeding insects existed, the vegetation of
our globe could not have been ornamented with bright-coloured
flowers, but consisted of such flowers as Pines, Oaks, Grasses, Settles,
&c."* If this conclusion be correct, plants with inconspicuously
coloured flowers have probably attained a greater age as species, and,
having thus had a longer time for their migration, we may expect to
And that they have also a high degree of di^rsion, which will be
most conspicuous in orders that are entirely composed of such plants.
On dividing our British plants to ascertain whether this is the case, I
find not only that it is so, but also that plants with white flowers are
more widely dispersed than those with coloured^ a result I was not
expecting. Purther analysis shows that plants with flowers some«
times white and sometimes coloured, such as the Wood Anemone,
many of our Yiolets, Thistles, and Campanulas are intermediate in
this respect ; having a more limited range than those whose flowers

* The quotation is from Dr. Hooker's Address to the British Association.

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252 THB DISPEESIOV OF BKITISH PLANTS.

are always white ; and on the other hand a more extended range than
those with flowers always coloured. The average compare as I'ol-
lows :—

SpeeieB, Average,

316 Of whole orders having inconspicuous

flowers 7-71

64 Other plants with inconspicuous flowers . 7*19

380 Total with inconspicuously coloured

flowers 7-62

179 With flowers always white . . . 7 04

176 With flowers variahle in colour . . 6-66

365 With flowers always coloured . . 6*05

Averages taken out separately for yellow, red or pink, hlue or purple,

and parti-coloured flowers, do not differ much from each other, or

from the average of coloured flowers taken all together.

Dispe rsion according to the Nature of the Fruit,
Fleshy Fruits, — Amongst our British species, the average of
fleshy-fruited plants is very little above that of dry-fruited. They
compare as follows :— '

Species, Average.

71 With succulent fruit .... 6*92
1019 With dry fruit 6-86

If we exclude from among succulent fruit those containing large
seeds, not likely to be swallowed by birds, their average is somewhat
raised.

Dehiscence, — Our lists give the following results : —

Species. Average.

584 With indehiscent fruit .... 6-93
. 434 With dehiscent fruit .... 6.76
showing less difference than might be expected. This may arise
^ from the fact that dehiscent fruits have generally more numerous seeds,
an advantage that may compensate in great measure for the disad-
vantage of the seeds being exposed naked.

Special adaptation for Dispersion, — The fruits and seeds of certain
plants are to all appearance specially adapted for dispersion, being
furnished with appendages which enable them to float in the air, and
thus be easily wafted about by the wind ; or to cling to the coats of
animals ; and in either case the chance is increased of their being con-
veyed to a distance. These appendages consist (1) of a coma or
pencil of hairs attached to the seeds ; (2) of a feathery pappus or awn,
or (3) of hooked bristles or tubercles, bent or spiral awns, or some
other grappling organ, borne by the fruit itself. Our native species
thus furnished compare as follows : —

Species, Average,

32 With seeds having a coma . . . 7*28
94 With fruit furnished with pappus, &c. . 6*39
34 With fruit furnished with grappling organs 6*74
930 Not specially adapted . . . . 6*90

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THE DISPERSION OP BRITISH ftAlTTS. 263

These results agree "with those obtained by Professor De Candolle,
whose calculations also show that whereas a coma attached to the
Bead is accompanied by a wide range, feathery appendages borne by the
fruit are not. As regards plants famished with the latter, several
circumstances might be suggested as possibly exerting a counteracting
influence ; such as that they contain no aquatic species, but on the
contrary an undue proportion have an inferior ovary, and nearly all
bear coloured flowers and ex^buminous seeds ; but on comparing
CompositsB by themselves, in which all the conditions referred to are
similar, we find

Species. Average.
81 Furnished with feathery pappus . . 5-98
2 With grappling organs • . . . 9.50

14 Without pappus 6.36

Dispersion aceoriing to Character of the Seed.

Testa. — ^Differences in the seed deserve our special attention, for it
is in this shape that a plant is most likely to be carried from one part
of the world to another ; and if any peculiarity of the seed enable it
better to withstand the various vicissitudes to which it must be ex*
posed during transit, or to establish itself and maintain a footing in
the struggle for existence when it has reached a new country, the
effect may be traceable in the specific area. We have already seen
that a coma or down attached to the seed is accompanied by a high
degree of dispersion ; and the nature of the testa or outer coat of the
seed may next be suggested as likely to exert an influence. It might
be anticipated that a thick, hard, leathery, or crustaceous testa would
resist for a long time the action of sea- water, and by enabling the seed
it encloses to retain its vitality for a lengthened period when carried
by oceanic currents, favour its dispersion to a distance.* Such, how-
ever, hardly appears to be the case. In Mr. Darwin's experiments
on the action of sea- water, seeds endued with a thick testa, e.g., of
Leguminosee and Hibiscus, were amongst the earliest to lose their
powers of germination ; and the following comparison shows that our
plants whose seeds have such a testa reach a lower degree of disper-
sion than plants whose seeds have a membranous testa on the one
hand, or a soft cellulose or mucilaginous testa on the other. Omitting
species in which the nature of the testa is doubtful, we have : —

Species. Average.
665 With testa thin or membranous . . 7*03
47 With testa soft cellulose, &c . . . 7.64
192 With testa thick, leathery, or crustaceous 6-05

Albumen. — If the function of albumen be to supply nourishment
to the embryo during germination, its possession may enable a seed to
retain its vitality longer, and maintain its existence more sturdily
when it reaches a new couptry, than a seed in which no such store
of nourishment is provided, and thus favour the dispersion of the

* Dr. Hooker, in bis paper on the flora of the Galapagos Islands, expresses
an opinion that tiio 'indurated seed-coats of some (plants) probably aid them
in resisting for some time the effects of salt-water."

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254 tHE BISPEBSIOK OF .BBITISH PLANTS.

gpeoies. Whether this be the case or not, we at any rate find that
our plants with ex-albaminoos seeds have a lower degree of dispersion
than those withalbuminons ; and that among the latter differences in
the nature of the albumen are accompanied by variations in the average
range ; plants in which the albumen is farinaceous exceeding in this
respect those in which it is fleshy, dense, or homy.

Species, Average,

303 With albumen floury or mealy . . 7*37

347 „ fleshy or homy . 6*80

439 „ absent or very scanty . 6*55

This accords with the experiments of Mr. Darwin on the resistance
of seeds to sea- water ; in so far as the two orders which he found
were soonest killed, Leguminosse and Malvacese, have no albumen ;
while of the five orders, which retained their vitality longest, Chenopo-
diacesBj-Polygonace© and Gramineae have a floury, Solanaceas a fleshy,
and UmbelHfersB a dense albumen.

Dispersion according to Classification,

Large Oenera, — Mr. Darwin, in support of his views of the nature
of a '^ Species," adduces the fact that large genera comprise a greater
proportion of dominant species than small genera, the predominance of
the species being shown by: — 1st, Extensive geographical range : 2nd,
General diffusion over the area they occupy : 3rd, Commonness, or the
being represented by an abundance of individuals : and 4th, Variability,
or a tendency to produce varieties differing from the typical form. Our
subsequent comparisons are in this connection, and show that a range
more eidbensive than the average accompanies each of the other cha-
racteristics of predominance enumerated above.

Having regard to only our British species, and considering those
to be large genera that have eight or more native representatives, we
find that : —

Species, Average,

362 Belonging t6 25 large genera . . . 7.38
789 Belonging to smaller genera . . . 6*82

General Diffusion, — On this point I have followed Mr. Watson's
census of counties in the '^ Compendium." Classed according to his
figures therein given : —

Species, Average,

160 Found in 90 or more counties . . . 8*01

336 Found in 60 to 89 counties . . . 7*24

665 Found in less than 60 counties . . 6*65

Commonness, — Taking as a guide our best-known Floras, I have
averaged the plants that are therein described, as ** common,'* " abun-
dant," or *' plentiful."

Species, Average,

319 Generally common 7*54

83 Partially common ..... 7*16
749 Less plentiful, or rare .... 6*75

Fiina Jt7%.— Regarding as variable all species of which more than
one form is distinguished by Professor Syme in ** English Botany/

»»

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BOTANICAL KBWB. 255

and ayeraging separately those in which the yariation of the forms
is so great tlmt they are ranked as ** snb-species," and those of which
only '* varieties'* are recognised, we get the following results : —
8peei69. Average.

92 Divided into sub-species .... 7*76
205 „ varieties .... 7*64
854 Not variable 6-76

525otamca{ ^tW*

Abtici.ES in Joubnals.

Annates des Se. Nat (ser 5, t. xix., n. 4 & 5. February). — J. de
Saldanha da Gama, "On some trees employed in S. Brazilian Industry."
— ^Tchistiakoff, " On the Vegetable Cell ; 2, Sporangia of Marattiacea **
(tab. 11-13). — ^E. Foumier, " On the Geographical Distribution of the
Ferns of New Caledonia.'* — J. Vesque, "On Crystals of Calcium
Oxalate in Plants and their artificial production." — ^E. Bometj
** Second note on the Gonidia of Lichens."

JimB.

Grevillea, — M. J. Berkeley, "Notices of N. American Fungi*'
(contd.). — H. A. Weddell, " Remarks on Dr. Nylander's paper in the
" Flora" reprinted in Grevillea.''--W. Phillips and C. B. Plowright,
** New and rare British Fungi " (tab. 24, 25, Spharia carlonaria^ n.s.,
S. Winterly n,s.)

Monthly Mierosc. Journal. — E. Braithwaite, " Sphagnum Jlmbria-
tumy Wils. ; S. strtctum, Lindb." (tab. 65, 66.)

Oesterr. Bot, Zeitschr,^^. Kemer, " Hypericum eleyans, Stephan."
— ^Id., " Botanical Notes.'' — Id., " Distribution of Hungarian plants '*
(cohtd.). — L. Treuinfels, " Cirsium Benacense.** — J. Dedecek, " Botani-
cal Observations in 1873." — Val de Lievre, " Notes on Banuneulacea,
&c" (contd.).— A. Obomy, "On the Flora of S. Moravia."— F.
Sauter, " Moss-Flora of N. Tyrol.''

Hedwiyia, — J. SohroeteTy * ^ Melampsorelhy a new genus of Uredines,**
— A. Geheeb, " AmUystegium Formianumy s.n."

Flora. — L. Celakovsky, " On the Morphological Significance of
Seed Buds " (ovules). — "K, MuUer. " Spore- and bud-origin of Mosses.'*
— H. Wawra, " On Flora of Hawaii Islands " {RuhiacecBy Kadia 4 new
species). — L. Dippel, " On Structure of Cell- wall Jin Fiwm sylvestrisV
— J. "Wiesner, " Remarks on Alleged Constituents of Chlorophyll." —
K. Miiller, " Indian Species of jSiesodon " (2 new species.)

Bot. Zeitung. — H. Solms-Laubach, "On the Structure of the
Seed of Bafflesiacea and ITydnoracea " (concluded). — ^H. Conwentz,
" On the action of Camphor and similar powerful Agents on the
Life of Plant-cells."

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256 BOTANICAL NBW8.

Nm Books.--^, W, Buek, " Index ad Be Candolle Prodromum ;
Pare rV." (Completing the work. Hamburg, 168.). — ^Willkomm,
and Lange, '* Prodromus FlowB Hispanicsd " ; vol. iii., pare 1. Vm-
bellifewB— Rosace© (part) (Stuttgart, lOs. 6d.).-nR. Brown, " Manual
of Botany, Anatomical and Physiological." (Blackwood, 12s. 6d.)

The last published part of the Linnean Society's Transactions
(vol. XXX., pt. 1) contains Mr. John -Scott's Notes on i^e Ferns of
British Sik^m, with IB plates, and Prof. Eeichenbach's Enumeration
of the Orchids collected by the Eev. C. Parish in Moulmein with 6
plates.

The seventh century of Mr. Cooke's " Fungi Britannici " is pub-
lished. Cueurhttana Euonymi and Phomia Lonicera are new species.
We are informed that this volume is the last of the series, and that a
new series will follow in which some improvements will be introduced*
The page will be a quarto instead of octavo, and figures of the spores
or sporidia will accompany each species.

We call our readere' attention to a valuable paper on th& Liohen-
gonidia question in the current number of the ''Popular Science
Review," from the pen of the Rev. J. M. Crombie ; the summing up
of the evidence by the author is strongly adverse to Schwendener*8
hypothesis.

Mr. S. Xurz gives a third portion of his new Burmese plants in
the Joum. Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, for 1873, part 2. Cttnu angtdatiU^
Willd., is the type of a new genus Gonociirtis and Blumeodendron, gen.
nov., is founded on Mallotm Fokbraiy Muell. Arg. PhyUocyclut is a new
genus of Oentianea, and Baianosiiehlus of Urtieacea. There are two
plates.

A member of the English Clerpy, well-known for his botanical zeal
died at Winchester on June 28th. The Rev. Charles Alexander
Johns was bom in 1812, and graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, in
1811. He held the curacy of Yamscombe, Devon, for two y«are, and
in 1844 became head master of Helston Grammar School, Cornwall,
and subsequently master of the Grammar School at Dulwich. He
early commenced to take interest in indigenous botany, and in 1836
became a Fellow of the Linnean Society. During his residence
at Helston, he discovered TrifoUum atrictum to be a British species ;
his " WeeR at the Lizard," of which a second edition was issued a
little before his death, gives an excellent account of the botany of that
interesting district. Mr. Johns was a thorough naturaUst and has
published a number of elementary, educational and popular works on
different branches of Natural Science ; " Flo were of the Field '* pub-
lished under the auspices of the Christian Knowledge Society, in 1865,
is in all respects an excellent elementary British Flora, and his other
writings are clear, simple and truthful. After his removal to Win-
chester, Mr. Johns took a prominent part in founding the Hants
Scientific and Literary Society, of which he befcame president and
in which he continued to be actively interested till the close of his
Ufe.

The death has been recentiy announced of the Contessa -di San
Giorgio, formerly Lady Harley, whose book on Plant-names we noticed
a short time since.

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257

(©riginal %ttuk^.

ON PTYCEOGRAPHA, Nyl, A NEW GENUS OF LICHENS.

By the Rev. J. M. Ceobcbie, F.L.S.

(Tab. 150.)

The occurrence of a new genua amongst the many new species and
varieties that are yearly being added to our Eritiah)Lichen-Elora, is
of sufficient interest to render a short notice of it desirable. There
are indeed but few tribes in which, in so fisur at least as Great
Britain is concerned, we could expect to meet with any new genera
in the Nylanderian acceptation of the term, and those which have
been discovered in our islands during the last ten years, are just in
the tribes where their occurrence might have befen anticipated, viz.,
in the Collemei^ the Ptfrenocarpei and the Graphidei. To the last of
these, as may readily be inferred from its name, belongs the genus
Ptychographa, which seems to be sufficiently distinguished by the fol-
lowing characters from all the allied genera of the tribe.

Pttchogkapha, iVy?., gen. noy.

ThaUus effuse, macular. Apothecia parallel, prominent, with 2
or 4 longitudinal hymenia in each ; spores Suae, simple, colourless ;
hymenial gelatine wine-red with iodine.

The systematic place of this genus is immediately after Xy%r^A(i,
which at first sight it closely resembles. Prom this, however, ^s well
as from all the other Oraphidei, it is well recognised by the above
arrangement of the hymenia, which renders the apothecia above twice
or four times sulcatulate. The species by which as yet it is represented

1. P, xyhgraphoidea^ NyL, in Flora, 1874, p. 315. Thallus effuse,
macular, greyish-white, internally with the gonidia subglomerated.
Apothecia black, lanceolate, prominent, above somewhat plane, the
epithecium longitudinally 1 or 3-plicated, within concolorous ; spores
Snae, colourless, ellipsoid,' simple, 0.011-14 mm. long, 0.006-7 mm.
thick, epithecium nearly colourless, hypothecium and perithecium
black.

The thallus spreads itself extensively over the stibstratum in the
same manner as that of Xylographa pa/rallela, ot which, when
gathered and on a mere cursory inspection, it was supposed to be
merely a condition with the apothecia as in var. pallem f. elUpttca,
Nyl., though differing in colour. On subsequent and more close
examination, however, it was seen to be in the character of the
epithecium, &c.^ as above noted, very distinct from that or any other
species of Xylographa, and on sending a specimen to Nylander for
N.s. VOL. 3. [September, 1874.] s

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258 ON A siTALt coixEcnoir of plants nioM inxnnAKo.

his opinioiiy he pronounced it to be " a very interesting discovery,"
and named it as above. Probably other species of the genus may yet
be detected in N. Europe, by which it may be still further illustrated.
In the few specimens gathered, for (not considering it distinct fix)iiL
Xylogra^ha pardllela^ as already intimated) I o^y carried off a
single portion of the substratum, the spores are but rarely seen well
developed, in consequence of most of the apothecia, which are very
numerous, being too old.

ZTa^.— On decorticated trunks of Pyrus Aucuparia in moist
shady places of Craig Calliach, Braedalbane (Crombie, August,
1874).

Explanation op Tab.. 160.

Fig. 1, Ptyehographa xplographoides, Nyl., Bpecimeiis in sita from Braedal-
bane, natural size ; 2, Apothecia (in a dry state) magnified 26 diameters ; 3, Thin
transverse section of apothedum immersed in water, magnified 30 diametera ;
4, A fragment of section of apothecium, magnified abont 360 diameters ; 6, The
same tr^ted with a solntion of iodme; 6, Free spores; and 7, Gonidia,
magnified 360 diameters.

ON A SMAXL COLLECTION OF PLANTS FROM KIUKIING.
Br H. F. Hance, Ph.D., etc.

The few plants of which a list is subjoined were all gathered on
two consecutive days — the 2nd and 3rd August, 1873 — by Dr. Otto
von Moellendorff, of the Imperial German Legation at Peking, on the
hills lying immediately to lie south of Kiukiang. This city, one of
those opened to foreign commerce by the Treaty of 1858, is situated
in the province of !£angsi, on the south bank of the river Yangtz*,
close to the outlet, at its northern extremity, of the great Poyang lake,
in lat. 29<> 54' N., and long. 116^ 04' 30" E., and about 240 miles in
a direct line from the nearest point of the seaboard.

Whilst M. Maximowicz's excellent and very complete "Index
Florae Pekinensis " provides a good catalogue of the Flora of the
Chinese metropolis and its vicinity, and Mr. Bentham's classical
*• Flora Hongkongensis " has acquainted us with the principal consti-
tuents of that of the extreme 8.E. of the empire, nothing whatever
of a scientific character, has as yet, to my knowledge,* been written
on the vegetation of the districts intermediate to these two points—
which are separated by seventeen degrees of latitude — or of the various
ports of trade along the coast or on ^e Yangtz'. I imagine, therefore,
that no apology is necessary for the following very brief enumeration.
And, small as is the collection, it is of considerable interest as a con-
tribution to phytogeography, not merely from comprising a few
novelties, but also because it exhibits several species hitherto found
either in the mountainous regions of India alone, or also in Japan and

* I should except a valuable list of Formosa plants suppUed by Sir W. J.
Hooker to Mr. Swinnoe, to whom I am obliged for a printed copy ; but whether
it be published or not I am unable to say. The late Pro£ Miquel*s ** Pluluiio
Flor» JapoDicn" also contains a oonsiderable numb<» of Formosa plants
coUected by Oldham.

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ON A SMILL COLLEOTIOK OF PLAITTS FBOM EIUKlkVQ, 259

the islaad of Eormosa, but not on the Chinese main land, and thus
bridges over the gulf in their eastward distribution. The most inter-
esting plants are a puzzling Aster acea, and the new Anaphalia, which
belongs to a group only represented in the extreme East by the
Atlantic - American, Japanese and Manchurian A, marga/ritacea^
Benth.

I have spared no pains to insure accuracy in the determinations ;
and have omitted four or five plants, either not in flower, or in so
imperfect a state that it was impossble to make them out properly.

Clematis {Flammula) tenuifiora, DC. — Common in various parts of
South China, but I have not before seen it from so far north.

Boeconia eordata, Willd.

Lyohnia {Eidychnia) grandiflora^ Jacq. — I do not know whether
this has been found wild before : Loureiro mentions it only as in culti-
vation at Canton, where I have not seen it. Siebold supposes it to
have been introduced from China into Japan, where, however, in the
island of Nippon, Tschonoski gathered the too closely allied L, Sieholdi^
V. Houtte.

Eypericum {Euhyperieum, Holosepalum) attenuatum, Choisy.

Hypericum (Brathya) japonicum, Thunb.

Boenninghausenia albijioraf Bchb. — Now first recorded from China ;
only previously known from the mountains of India and from Japan.

Deamodium {Heteroloma, Podocarpia) Oldhami, Oliv. — This plant
has only been found previously (whether in Japan or the Korean
archipelago is uncertain) by the late Mr. Oldham. The foliage is
somewhat clammy like that of Glycyrrhiza, and the hairs with which
the plant is clothed are minutely hooked at the apex. I have seen no
authentic specimens, but it agrees perfectly with Professor Oliver's
diagnosis (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., ix., 165). Vieillard's New
Caledonian D, tinctorium, which also belongs to this section, has
pinnate leaves, but is otherwise very different.

Deamodium, — A species belonging seemingly to the section BoUinera,
with very shallow obtuse calyx-lobes. It has somewhat the aspect of
B. oxyphyllumy DC, but is entirely smooth, with ovate rhomboid
leaflets reticulate beneath, the veins somewhat coloured, and loose
subpaniculate small flowered racemes. I have little doubt it is new,
but I do not venture to describe it from my solitary specimen, which
is not in fruit.

Vida ( Orohoidea) unijuga, Al. Br. — A form very peculiar in appear-
ance, with a zigzag stem, thin papyraceous very acuminate leaflets,
and sessile racemes, and looking so unlike the usual plant from N.
China, that I at first felt sure it was a distinct species ; but it is con-
nected through Albrecht's Hakodate specimens. It has not the
elongated lower calyx-tooth attributed to Maximowicz's variety apoia
(M61. Biolog. Bull. Acad. St. P6ter8b., ix., 65), with which it agrees
in inflorescence.

Pueraria Thunhergiana, Benth.

RuBTJs {Sujruficoai, Moluccani) pacipictjs, ap, »(w.— Inermis, ramulis
subteretibus cum petiolis pubescentibus, foliis coriaceis 3^ poll, loagis
petiole 2^ pollicah cordatis acuminatis repandulis v. obsolete lobulatis
irregulariter serratis supra glaberrimis subopacis subtus lacunoso-

8 2

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260 ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF PLANTS PBOM KIUKIANG.

reticnlatigr tomento sericeo gilvo - cinerascenti denso obtectis nervis
rufescentibus, stipulis bracteisque (deciduis), pedunculis oppositifoliis
bifloris, calycis laciniis extus ? dense cinereo pannosis oblongis obtnsis
intus glaberrimis peracta anthesi arete reflexis.

Erom the diagnosis, this seems nearest It, tiliaeeuSj Sm., which I
have not seen.

RuBXTs {Sujffrtdtcosif Moluceani) tbpboiodes, sp. nov. — Ramulis sub-
teretibus petioHsque dense cinereo tomentosis aculeis sparsisrecnrviilis
munitis aciculis setisque parris glanduligeris dense oonsitis, foliis
membranaceis brevipetiolatis e basi cordata subrotundis acutis 5-7
angulato-sublobatis denticulatis supra opacis sparsim pilosulis snbtas
dense cinereo-incanis venis elevatis concoloribns reticulatis primariis
tantum setulosis, stipulis bracteis bracteolisque pectinatis, thyrsis
ad ramulorum apices^^axillaribus l-3nis multifloris folia superantibus,
pedicellis floribus sequilongis cum calycibus pedunculoque cinereo-
villosis setigerisque.

Appears to be allied to R. elongatus^ Sm. : I have a close relative of
this and of R. paniculatus^ Sm., from Kwangsi, gathered by the Rev.
Dr. Graves. These two Brambles are quite distinct from any of the
Chinese and Japanese species of the section I have hitherto seen, and
from all other Asiatic ones in my herbarium. In his revision of the
Japanese Ruhi (M^l. Biolog. Bull. Acad. St. PStersb., viii., 380)M.
Maximowicz — to whom I am indebted for beautiful specimens of
nearly all the species — has reduced my Fokien R, altluBoidea (he has
misquoted the name as R, althaifoltus) to R, eorchortfoltusy L. fil
This is an error ; R. palmattLSy Thunb., is the nearest in affinity to my
plant, "jvliich is no doubt a perfectly good species.

Agrimonia vMctduhy Bge.

Hydrangea {Euhgdrangea, Petalantha) Moellendorffiiy Hance.

Fileostegia viburnoideSy Hook. f. & Thoms. — Only known hereto-
fore from the Xhasia mountains, and from Formosa, where the late
Mr. Oldham gathered it. The present specimen accords well with
Mr. Pitch's figure (Joum. Linn, Soc. Bot., ii., t. 2).

Sedum drgmarmdeSf Hance. — ^Appears to extend throughout the
east of China, from north to south.

Cireaa mollisy S. & Z. — From the tomentum and short fruit-
stalks, the specimen appears referable rather to this species than to C.
lutetianay Linn.

Begonia sinensis, A. DC. — Course of the nerves conspicuously
marked with purple beneath, and leaves not more heartshaped than
in R, JEvansiana, Andr., but they are very much thinner, and the
plant is less robust. But may not the latter be a " filia hortorum " ?

Sanioula chinensis, Bge. — Certainly identical with Maximowicz's
and Albrecht's Japanese specimens, and perhaps the same as the
Indian 8, elata. Ham., to which Miquel refers it. This latter is re-
duced to 8, europaa, Linn., by Dr. Thwaites, Mr. Bentham (from the
area assigned to the species in the '' Handbook of the British Flora"),
and was so by Dr. Hooker ; but the distribution given to that species
in the " Students' Flora of the British Islands" indicates a change of
opinion on his part. In habit the Chinese plant differs considerably
from the British one.

8ambucm chinensis, Lindl. — Occurs in the neighbourhood of

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ON ▲ SMALL COLLECTION OF PLAITTS FBOlf KIUKUNG. 261

Canton, and also in Japan ; for the plant distinguished by Maximonicz
and Miquel under the name of 8, Thunbergiana, Reinw., differs in no
respect. See my remarks on the erroneous character attributed to
this species in De Candolle's Prodromus (Ann. 8c. Nat.,5 s6r. v., 217),
which has probably prevented its recognition.

PiBderia foetida^ Linn.

Patrinia fEupatriniaJ heterophylla, Bge.

Akaphalis 8INICA» sp, nov. — Gaule herbaceo erecto ramoso tomento
floccoso viridulo-candicante vestito, foliis sessilibus lanceolato-oblongis
calloso-mucronatis utrinque dense tomentosis adultis supra plus minus
calvescentibus 1^-2^ polL longis 3-7 lin, latis, capitulis ad apices
ramulorum aggregatis in corymbum compositum laxiusculum digestis,
involucri squamis oblongis obtusis niveis li linealibns.

A lovely little plant, in foliage much like A, triplinervia, Eenth.,
but with the capitula of A, eontorta^ Benth., only arranged in a far
less compact inflorescence.

There is, besides, a very curious Asteracea, with Senecioid styles
and Inuloid anthers (likewise found by Mr. Sampson in Kwangtung
province), which Mr. Bentham, the profoundest of linng Synanthero-
logists, believes to be the type of a new genus. This is left for further
study.

Platycodon grandiflorw* AJDC.

Lysimaeiia fEphemerumJ Fartuneiy Maxim.

Siphmostegia chinensia, Benth.

Jiutieia fG^ndaruBsaJ Championi, T. And.

Peristrophe tinctorial N. ab E. — I do not think this has been
before recorded as a native of China : it is not so mentioned by Dr.
Anderson. (Joum. Linn. Soc, Bot., ix., 521 )

Eranthemum?. — ^A bad specimen, apparently belonging to this
g^us, and perhaps an ally of JS, crenulatum, Wedl.

Phryma leptoataehya, Linn.

Eritriohiwn f EndoganiaJ ped^ncularey A.DC.

Sahia f ^ otiosphaeej Fortunei, Benth.

Polygonum ( PersieariaJ filiformey Thunb. — Only previously known
from Japan. Differs considerably from Maximowicz's Yokuhama
plant, the leaves being much thicker, and strigosely hairy on both
surfaces, the stout primary veins strongly prominent beneath ; whilst,
except at the very base, the flowers are crowded on the spikes, which
have therefore a much, thicker appearance.

Elatoatema. — Probably an undescribed species, allied to E, Hooker-
ianum, fWedd.y but with larger leaves. I have only the extremity
of the plant, with six or seven clusters of male inflorescence.

Boehmeria platyphyUaj Don, var. trimispia, mihi. — Foliis (7-9 cent,
longb 5-7 cent, latis petiole subbicentimetrali) utrinque molliter
hispidis orbiculari-semiovatis ima basi integris grosse increscenti-
.dentato-serratis apice usque ad tertiam limbi longitudinis partem et
ultra trisectis lobo intermedio oblongo-lanceolato laterales intus
curvato-excisos vix superante, spicis masculis ramosis densis.

A very .singular variety, nearest to WeddelPs p. macrophylla (=7,
Japonica, in part, of his first monograph).

* Ku^uv is masculine, not neuter, as written in tUe Prodromus.

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OK ▲ SHALL COLLECnOK 07 PLANTS FROIC XmilAKG.

Of already described Urtieaeea which Dr. Weddell has omitted to
record as natives of China, in his latest recension of the order, I
possess the following : — Urtioa eannahina, Linn., Ghihli, towards
Mongolia. Pilea pephidea^ Hook. & Am., Formosa ; with the upper
half of the leaf margins crenulate, as in the variety nu^or. FUm
pumila, A. Gr., Jehol. I do not see how P. mmgoliea^ Wedd., differs
from this, which was long ago recorded from Manchuria by Maximo-
wicz and Kegel. Pellionia Grijm^ Hance, Fokien. Entirely over-
looked in the Prodromus. Boehmeria phtyphylla, Don, ^ seabreUa^
Wedd., Kwangtung. Vilhhrunea frutetoens, £1., £wangtu^g. Abeady
mentioned in the '* Mora Hongkongensis," but no reference to China
in the Pit>dromu8.

Castanea vidgaris^ Lam., ejaponieaf A.DC.

Cephahtaxw Fortunei^ Hook.

Pa/rdanthui ohinemiay Ker.

Lycor%8 awrea^ Herb.

LyeorU radiata. Herb. — That MiquePs Nerin$jap(miea is different
from this may be inferred from the circumstance of his recording
both from Japan ; but a plant received from M. Maximowicz under
that name seems quite the same. I have carefully studied living
specimens of the Chinese species, raised from wild bulbs collected in
Kwangsi by the Eev. J. R. Graves, M.D., and it accords* in all respects
with Kunth's detailed character. (Enum. Plant., v., 646.)

Lilium hngijlorumy Thunb.

Lilium speciosumf Thunb. a. Kasmpferiy Sieb. — ^I am not aware
that this beautiful plant, which Siebold believed to have been intro-
duced into Japan from Korea, has heretofore been met with wild in
China. It is a great favourite in Europe ; and M. Spae (Mem. s. L
esp^ces d. genre Lis, p. 38) expresses a hope that an accomplished
horticulturist he names will succeed in producing varieties '^qni
s'eloigneront totalement, quant k la forme, de leur type '' ! lie
passion for ultra-hybridised races is unfortunately (from a botanist's
point of view) so strong that it is nowadays almost impossible to
determine accurately plants under cultivation. He who attempts the
task finds, as Charles Lamb said when teaching a young lady Latin,
that ** Sisyphus ! his labours were as nothing to it.''

Ophiopogon spieatusj Ker.

Commelgna communis^ Linn.

Panicum ( Vvrgaria) fnandshurteumj Maxim.

EulaUa japonieay Trin.

Androscepia gigantea^ Brongn.

Oymmgramim {Coniogramme) japanieay Desv. — This very elegant
fern had not previously been found on liie Chinese continent.

Lindsaya (Odontosoria) tenmfolia, Mett. — Mettenius subsequently
changed the name to Z. chinerma, because it is said to be Linnseos*
Trichotnanes chinensts. Although there is an older Lindsaya tenuifoliaf
BL, and the synohymy requires clearing up, I have not adopted the
change, because this is certainly Swartz's DavcdUa tmuifolia ; and
the fern named by him and Smith Davallia ehinensis^ though not
specifically distinct, is so well marked that I find it very difficult to
convince collectors here that it is not ii true species.

PUria aquilina^ Linn.

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ON THBSB VBW CBJSMSE OALAHI. ZOd

Woodwardiajaponiea, Sw.

A^lenium Old/umU, Hanoe ? — Apparently belonging to this obscure
species, but almost runs into A.furoatumfThunh. With the excep-
tion, perhaps, of Aorostichum, there is no |;enus the species of which
are so perplexing and inextricable as those of Asplenium^ and this is
•specially the case with ih^furcatum group. My A. comptum, recog*
nised as a true species by Mettenius and Kuhn, but referred to A.
dimidtatum by Mr. Baker, would, if the pinnas became ladniated, be
soarcely distinguishable from A, furcatum; and many other species
seem either altc^ther unstable, or almost impossible to characterise
with any precision.

Asplenium laneeum^ Thunb.

Aq^idiumfaleatum^ Sw.

Aspiddum erythroiorum^ Eaton. — ^I have stated elsewhere my con-
Tiction that neither this nor A. varium^ Sw., are specifically distinct
fxom A. Filix-maSy Sw.

Atpidmm aristatumy Sw.

Atpidium eoniifolium, WaU. — ^United with the preceding by T.
Moore, Mettenius, Sir W. Hooker, and Baker. It is, however,
perfectly constant to its characters, and I cannot think but that it is
distinct. In this view, and against so formidable a phalanx of oppo-
sing pteridologists, I am happy to find myself supported by the • high
authority of Dr. Thwaites.

Aspidium £oryanum, Willd. — Found in Bourbon, the mountains
of the Indian continent, and Java, but not previously collected in
China. Agrees well with a Mishmi specimen of Griffith's in my
herbsuium.

Aaptdium deeurstve-pinnaium, Kze.

A^piiHum glanduliperum, Kze. — The Poljmesian fern, inadvertently
named A. glanduliferum by the late Prof. Mettenius (Kuhn in
V^bandl. d. k.k. ZooL-Bot Gesellsch. in Wien, 1869, p. 677), will
have to be re-baptised.

Gleichenia diehotoma, Hook.

Lygodiumflexw>9um^ Sw. ? — Similar to a Philippine Island speci-
men in my herbarium. I do not profess to understand the species of
this very difficult genus, and their circumscription and synonymy are
very differently given by Mr. Baker in the " Synopsis Filicum,'* and
by Dr. Kuhn (Miquel Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat., iv., 297).

Sek^inellaflahellatay Spring.

ON THEEE NEW CHINESE CALAMI.

By H. F. Haitcb, Ph.D., etc.

Mb. Benthah stated in the /^ Flora Hongkongensis," on my
authority, that there are three Calami natives of the island. Of
these, though one is very abundant, (and I formerly possessed its
fruit, burnt at the destruction of the foreign factories at Canton, in
December, 1856), I had long endeavoured unsuccessfully to obtain
specimens. Last year, however, Capt. Walker, of H. M. 99th
Begiment, Brigade Major, a most energetic explorer, was so kind as to

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264 OK THEBE NEW CHJlfEfflE GALJLHI.

interest himself on my behalf, and towards the close of the summer he
sent me a fine fruiting specimen of one species ; whilst some months
later, another Mend forwarded me similar examples of a second, and
quite recentiy of a third one. Early in the present year, while on a
tisit to Hongkong, I examined two of these plants in their native
localities, and was enabled to make some notes in Idie field. I have
found the determination of thecle Palms z, far more difficult task than
I had anticipated, owing to the numerous species described, the im-
perfection in many eases of the descriptions given, the want of uni-
fbtmity in the character^ drawn up by yarious authors, and the
deficiency of authentic specimens in my own herbarium.

Amongst the older writers, Rumphius,* in his noble ** Herbarium
Amboinense," figures eight species ; but, though his plates are nearly
always faithfiil, and indeed often admirable, in the present instance,
from the absence of any analyses, these '4cones laudabiles," as
Sprengel styles them, are quite insufficient for identification.
Loureiro's diagnosesf of six Cochin-Chinese Eattans are worthless ;
and if his plants ^re ever made out, it can only be by means of the
native names he has fumiE^ied. Roxburgh;]: drew up brief and in-
sufficient characters of fifteen species indigenous to or cultivated in
India, with tentative, and probably in the main erroneous, identifi-
cations with those described by the Dutch naturalist. A large number of
Indian species, including those collected by the late Mr. Griffith, were
described and figured by Ps*of. von Martins^ in his " Genera et Species
Palmarum '' ; but it is almost needless to say that this costly work is
inaccessible to me where I am writing. Many Calami are ^borately
described, and roughly though no doubt correctly figured, in Griffith's
** Palms of British India," a wcfrk which, in common with his other
scientific reliquiay has greatly suffered from discreditably careless
editing. In his sumptuous book " Rumphia," the late Prof. Blume
fully described a considerable proportion of the species inhabiting Hie
Malayan archipelago, and illustrated them by the most exquisite
plates. These, with the addition of most of the Indian Rattans, have
been conveniently brought together and systematically grouped by
Miquel, in the third volume of his '* Flora Indiae Batavse," which is
certainly the most useful manual for the study of the Asiatic species.
Since then, Dr. Thwaites has characterised three new Calami from
Ceylong ; ^nd the late Dr. T. Anderson three from Sikkim.||

With these subaidda literaria only at my disposal, I have done my
best to make a careful study of three Hongkong Rattans, the male in-
florescence of all of which is unfortunately still unknown ; and the
result I have arrived at is that they are distinct from all the Indian or

♦ Herb. Amboin., v. 97— -HO., t. 61—68.
t Fl. Cochinchin., ed. Willd., i., 260, sqq.
X Fl. Indica, iii., 773. sqq.
§ Ezium. pi. Zeyl. 431. Amongst the'indieenoiis species, Dr. Thwaites re^
one to C, rudmtum. Lour., with Palmijuncm alhus^ Rrnxx^ as a synonym. Bat
Bumphius' species (C. albua^ Pen.) has not, up to this day, been made out hj the
Dutch oriental naturalists, Loureiro's is equally unknown, and the identity of
the two is altogether problematical ; whilst there is no evidence that Roxbuigh'i
C, rudentus (sic !) belongs to either.

II Jounii Linn. Soc. Bot., vi,, 9—11.

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Oir THBBE NEW CHINSSB CALAMI. 2&$

Malayan species described, one being apparently quite isolated in
regard to relationship. Nor is this an unexpected conclusion : Hong-
kong is far distant from the focus of the genus, and has a very
different vegetation ; of the seven species recorded from Ceylon, so
close to the Indian continent, three are said to be. endemic ; and con-
cerning those of ** India aquosa," Blume -writes * : — ** Plerseque
species longe angnstioribus terminis circumscriptsB sunt quam vulgo
creditur. Ex nostro quidem opere intelligitur ut omnes Asiae conti-
nentis species, nulla fere excepta, a Javanis revera differunt, ita has
.mrsus ab illis quee Moluccas incolunt esse diversas, quinetiam singulis
fere insulis vasti Archipelagi indici suas esse species, atque adeo inex-
hanstas esse naturse harum palmarum viminearum divitias." One of
them is a DtBmonoropa^ a group surely of no more than sectional
Talue,f the other two are true Calami, and belong to Griffith's Coleo-
spatluSf the first to the division a. erecta, eflagelUferay the second, I
presume, to p. seandentes, petiolU eflagelli/eria.f 1 have followed Von
Martins* arrangement ; but am disposed to believe that the circum-
scription of primary groups mainly or exclusively by the presence or
absence of lara and eirrhi, however convenient for purposes of classi-
fication, may have the practical effect of separating species really
closely allied, and is at the best but an artificial expedient.

1. Calamus {Euealamu8f Anuri) thtsanolepis, sp. nov., — Stans,
acaulis, frondibus petiolatis 2^-3^ pedalibus ecirrhiferis segmentis in
fasciculos 12-15 oppositos v. subaltemos intervallo 2-3 pollicum
sejunctos quovis fascicule e phyllis 2-6 conflato digestis, petiole infeme
Bubtereti-complanato superne triquetro flaventi-viridi aculeis validis
rectis sparsis dimidio inferiore petiole concoloribus a medio ad apicem
nigris snbtus armato, segmentis decrescentibus fiaventi-viridibus ensi-
formibus acuminatis 4-15 poll, longis 6-8 lin. latis margine et facie
superiore secus costam nervosque binos margini subapproximatos
reliquis paulo magis conspicuos et subprominulos aculeolis distantibus
obsitis, spadicis feminei ecirrhosi decompositi spathis primariis cum

♦ Rumphia, iii., 30.

t Blume himself (Rumphia, iii., 29.) allows that it is but a sub^nus ; whilst
Miquel, though he afterwards admitted it, wrote, under a happier mspiration : —
** Ghsnus DamonoropSf characteribus nimis levibus innixum, cum Calamo conjun-
gendum est. Seotionem potiui eius generis quam subgenus mihi constitaere
videtuT." (Analect. bot. ind., ii, 6.) Griffith, who was essentially a philo-
sophical naturalist, united the two without any remark. Miquel's inconsistency
in subsequently distinguishing Damonorops is remarkable, because there is in
reality no chiuractw save the ruminated albumen to support this view, and this
varies in degree in the different species ; whilst in Calamua it is always more or
less erose or tubercular on the surface, and sometimes, {e,g, in C. nuianoloma.
Mart) perforated, i.e., imperfectly ruminated. Tet, while in this instance
assigning to a variable character generic rank, he combines under Ptyohosperma
species with both ruminated and uniuterrupted albumen. To me there seems
abundant reason for concluding that ruminated albumen is a character of very
Utile importance in Palms; neverless, both M. Brongniart (Ann. sc. nat. 6e.
8^r., ii., 158.) and Br. Scheffer (in a valuable memoir ** 8ur quelques Palmiers
4u groups desArecin^es," published in^the 12th vol. of the Natuurkund. Tijdschr.
V. Ned. Indie.) attach primary value to it. On the other hand, Br. Hooker
(Fl. Nov. Zeland., i., 261.) combines Kentia with Areca, though the 1 -celled
ovary is opposed to the reduction.

t Palms of Brit. India, 85.

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266 ON THBBB NEW CHIKBSB CALAICL

pedunculo mermibns laxis eztus furfuraceo-glandulosis in fibias facile
solutiSy ramis primariis circ. 6 spathsB snbsequilongis recuryis tomento
fulyo derasili obtectis infeme compositis supeme simplicibus crassis
flexuosis, ramulis tetragonis densiiioris subbipoUicaribas spathellis
membranaceis laxis acuminatis fultis, bracteis ovatis acuminatiB
fibroso-nervosis ; fructus ellipsoidei conspicue umbonati 6 lin. longi
orthostichis 18 si^gulo e squamis 12-14 (inclusis summis depauperatis)
oonflato, squamis esuloatis fulvo-flayentibus acumen versus rufo-bnm-
neis margine eleganter fimbriato-cUiatis, seminibus subcompresso-
ellipsoideis, albumine extus subtuberculato intus latere chalazam
spectante conspicue excavate saquabili, embryone «xacte basilari.

Juxta fontes rivi ad Taitamtuk, ins. Hongkong, sub initio mensis
Novembris 1873, legit Dr. G. Dods. (Herb, propr., n. 18373.)

This, which seems uncommon, for I only know about half a dozen
plants on the island, is apparently without near relations. I am not
aware that any other species of this section is known with clustered
frond-segments. C. fascietdatus^ Roxb., and a few others distinguished
by this character belong either to the Loriferi or the CirrMferi. The
fruit, if wounded, exudes a juice which hardens into a transparent
red I)ragon's-blood.

2. Calamus {Micalamua, Lori/en) Walkeri, sp, nov. — ^Prondibns
petiolatis 3-4 pedalibus ecirrhosis, petiole infeme rotundato-complanato
supeme triquetro spinis validis rectis v. recurvis quandoque poUicaribns
apice nigrescentibus subtus armato, segmentis 30-40 jugis decrescen-
tibus suboppositis intervallo circ. pollicari separatis flaventi-viridibus
ensiformibus acuminatis 8-20 poll, longis 6-12 lin. latis terminali ssepe
ultra medium bifido supra costa nervisque duobus reliquis pado
validioribus ei et marginibus fere intermediis aculeolis distantibus
setiformibus obsitis aculeolisque paucis nunc in pagina inferiori occur-
entibus, spadicis feminei in lorum elongatum dorso spinis semiverti-
cillatis in cupulam coimatis horridum producti decompositi spathis
primariis cum petiolo aculeatis baud inflatis acutis prseter marginem
apicalem dense et grosse setoso-ciliatum glabris, ramis primariis 2-4
spatham multum superantibus flexuosis erectis subglabris ramulos circ.
40 divaricates densifloros satis tenues 1-2 pollicares proferentibus,
spathellis laxis rigide membranaceis margine ciliatis, bracteis praeter
molem minorem spathellis conformibus, ovariis stigmatibus papillosis
crassis divergentibus eoronatis, fructus ovoidei stigmatnm basi
apiculati 5 lin. longi orthostichis 18 singulo e squamis 8-10 (summis
imperfectis computatis) esulcatis ebumeo-stramineis aequaliter et
anguste fusco-marginatis composito, seminibus compressis, albumine
extus grosse gyroso-tuberculato intuis eequabili ad chalazam non exca-
vato, embryone exacte basilad

In insida Hongkong, m. Augusto 1873, fructiferum legit centorio
A. L. Walker. (Herb, propr. n. 18225.)

Kot uncommon in several parts of the island, according to its
discoverer. The nearest relatives of this plant appear to be C. vimi-
nalisy Willd. and cognate species.

3. Calamus {DamonoropSf Ch/mhospatha) Makgamt^, sp. nov.-^
Caudice primum erecto dein vagante 15-pedali et ultra basi diametro
3-pollicari aculeis atro-fuscis rectis complanatis poUicaribus deflexis
spiraUter zonatim dispositis aliisque acicularibus minoribus confertis

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OK THBEE KXW CHINESE CALAXI. 267

horrido, frondibos inter se intervallo 3-6 poUicum distantibus breyiter
petiolatis 6-10 pedalibus cirrhiferis, yaginis infeme inorassatis deorsum
tumentibus acideis oomplanatis armatis cum petiolorum basi indamento
rafo fdrfuraceo deliquescente vestitOy petiolo sabtus rotondato parcius
aculeate supra piano aculeis complanatis virentibus seriatis ssBpi-
usque confluentibus obsesso, rachi subtus rotundata spinis recurvis
apice nigricantibus cupulatim semiverticillatis horrida supra per
dlmidiaTn longitudinem eomplanata dein ad frondis apicem usque
carinata spinis breyibusrectiusculis densiuscule obsita, segmentis 50-^75
jugis suboppositis flaventi-yiridibus ensiformibus acuminatis 12-18'
poU. longiB (mediis longioribus) 6-10 lin. latis supra costa nervisque
duobus v. quatuor aculeis setiformibus prseditis subtus margineque
versus segmenti apicem aculeolis parvis obsitis, cirrho subtus spinis
cupulatim connatis armato, spadicibus femineis solitariis subsessilibus
erectis ramosb circ. 9 pollices longis, spatbis membranaceis duabus
tribusve exterioribus aculeis atrofuscis distantibus complanatis patenti-
reflexis armatis cymbiformibus ventre apertis apice in rostrum acu-
minatum complanatum lamina triple brevius productis interioribus
inermibus planis, ramis glabris robustis flexuosis ancipiti-compressis,
spathellis bracteisque late ovatis acuminatis, bracteolis in cupulam
truncatam connexis, floribus distichis, calyce urceolato-campanulato
fortiter striato-nervoso obsolete 3-dentato, corollsB laciniis lanoeolatis
acutiusculis calyce duplo longioribus, stylo crasso stigmatibus revolutis,
fructibus juvenilibus ellipsoideis fusco-olivaceis maturis sphsBricis
stylo stigmatibusque persistentibus coronatis diametro 10-11 lineali,
orthostichis 18-20 singulo e squamis 12-14 (imperfectis indusis) medio
conspicue sulcatis nitidulis fusco-stramineis margine bicolori extus
scilicet albo intus fusco prseditis composite, seminibus nephroideo-
subglobosis, albumine extus ruguloso intus profunde ruminate, em-
bryone subbasilari.

Ad latera coUium vallem Wongneicbung supereminentium, m.
Aprili 1874, legit domina Margarita Dods, digni mariti dignissima
corijux, ejusque in pererrationibus botanicis firma et indefessa comes,
cujus nomine banc Calamorum nostrorum prsBcipuam omavi speciem.
(Herb. prop. n. 18407.)

The commonest apparently of the Hongkong Rattans, growing in
ravines, amongst rocks, by water-courses and rivulets, often gre-
gariously. I believe its nearest ally to be 2>. melanochaetea, Bl., which,
however, has stems upwards of 200 feet long, and differs in many
particulars. Within the bract subtending each flower is either the
aborted rudiment of a second female, or the scar of a fallen male one;
which, the examination of young specimens can alone determine.
The nut is scarcely distinguishable in flavour from that of Areea Catechu,
Linn., and might be used as a substitute. Blume makes the same
remark of his B. ealapparius.

A fourth Calamus occurring in the island has short wide frond-
segments, irregularly subfasciculate, and may be an ally of C. gracilia,
Boxb. ; but in this flue genus the foliage does not seem to afford any
trustworthy clue to affinity. I hope I may procure specimens during
the present year, but only two or three plants are known.

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268 NOBTH OB LAKE LAKCA.6HIEE.

NORTH OR LAKE LANCASHIRE; A SKETCH OF ITS

BOTANY, GEOLOGY, AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

Rt Miss E. Hodgson.

[Tbe following list of the plants of North or Lake Lancashire is not in-
tended as a complete account of what is known of the hotany of the
district ; it is simply a record of those noted therein hy the writer.
This it is important to bear in mind in consulting the paper ; all pre-
viously printed matter is excluded, and localities already published
are not repeated, each plant and locality standing on the personal
authority of the author. — JSd. Journ, Bot,']

Introduction.-^Lake Lancashire, North Lancashire or Lonsdale

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NORTH OE LAKE LAi^CASHIRE. 269

north of the Sands,* is that part of the county which lies on the north-'
west of the Bay of Morecamhe, and from which it has become widely
separated during past centuries. That it was not wholly cut off in
Camden's time seems probable from the words : — " I saw Fomess,
the other part of this comity on the west, which is almost severed from
it by the sea ; " and again, ** the shore once lay out a great way westward
into the ocean." — Oihson's Camd. Brit, The tradition of a former
land extension, watered by the rivers Leven and Crake, is well known ;
entire villages have been swept away, and the ancient church of Al-
dingham, which once stood in the centre of its parish, is now within
spray reach of high tides;

Boundaries of Lake Lancashire. — ^The imaginary line dividing the main
county from Westmoreland comes out on the shore between Silverdale
and Arnside (see map), and crossing what is now the estuary of the river
Kent, strikes northwards up the "Winster to its rise, or nearly so ; thence
it takes an angle to the west, and enters "Windermere four miles from
the foot. FroceediHg up the middle of that lake to the top, it emerges
and runs westward by the river Brathay and Elter Water to the head
of Little Langdale, and ** the three shire stones," a point where the
counties of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire meet. Here,
leaving Westmoreland, it now divides the county from Cumberland by
following the course of the river Duddon to the sea.

The area thus almost insulated is about twenty-five miles from
north to south, and thirteen from east to west. With the exception
of the extreme south end, the ground has fine undulations of hill and
moor, which towards the north rise into fells, whose culminating
poiiits are Caw, White Pike, Brown Pike, Walna Scar, The Old Man,
and Wetherlam, with a varying altitude reaching to 878 yards* As
regards the character of the scenery of Lake Lancashire, it is only in
the more elevated sweep just mentioned that it at all assimilates to that
of the grand region shared by the sister counties ; but it possesses
many miles of lake loveliness, which is scarcely surpassed by the
rugged troughs of the mountains.

The principal water-courses are the rivers Leven and Crake ; the
former brings to the sea the superfluous waters of Windermere, the
other those of Coniston. But the smaller streams called becks, afford
better ground for the botanist, and these are numerous. The three
lakes, Coniston, Esthwaite, and Windermere, are situated in nearly
parallel valleys, running from north to s6uth ; the Esthwaite overflow
is discharged into Windermere by means of Cunsey beck.

From the foot of Windermere up to Storrs, botii sides are in Lanca-
shire, including the hill Gummers How, abruptly rising 925 feet above
the lake, and behind which is carried the old steep road over Cartmel-
fell into Westmoreland, crossing the boundary at BoWland Bridge. A
considerable tract of fine country is thus enclosed between the Winster

* l|i oonjimdioii with Cartmel, Famess forms that part of the Hundred o

Lonsdale wmch is distrngidshed as Lonsdale North of the Sands The

county of Xiancaster has been divided into two parts for making returns to Par-
liament. Furness by its natural locality belongs to What is called the northern
division of the county, and contains two places for polling, Ulyerston and
Hawkshead.— *< Furness and Furness Abbey,^' 1842.

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270 jrOBTH OB lAXE LANCASHIBB.

and the Leyen, eDsvated and woody, and which stretches away for
twelve miles to the south, ending in the Cartmel promontory of
Humphrey head; a sheer wall of limestone nearly two hundred feet
above the sea at its base.

Oeology. — It is not in my power to give an accurate sketch of the
geology of I^orth Lancashire ; that is at present in the hands of the
Survey, and it will very likely have to be re-learnt by the amateur
when tiieir work is done.

The rocks all down the vale of the Duddon, those also along the
course of the Brathay to the head of "Windermere, those of all the higher
peaks before noticed, belong to what are called by the earlier geologists
the Green Slates and Porphyry, a series of igneous and aqueous inter-
bedded rocks, with, in the igneous portion, very varying texture.
Whether these, constituting as they do, such strikingly different
scenery to that of strata of a younger age, really exert a correspon-
dently different influence on plant-growth, is more than I have been
able to discover. South of this tract, and reposing on the above strata,
is a triple band, stretching, though somewhat faulted, in a north-east
and south-west direction, from the head of Windermere to the estuary
of the Duddon, comprising Coniston limestone, Coniston flags, and
Coniston grits. These are for the most part hard rocks ; but the lowest,
the limestone, abounds with exquisitely beautiful fossils of great age.
A considerable part of the remaining district is covered by a set of
hard, thick silicious beds, called Lower Ludlow and Bannisdale slate.
These extend from about a mile below Wray down the full length of
Windermere to the Leven estuary, surrounding Esthwaite Water and
two or three miles of the lower end of Coniston. Gummershow is in
this group, also Cartmel fell, and except for the carboniferous lime-
stones of Hampsfield fell, Grange, Kirkhead, and Humphrey head,
which skirt the shore in places, it occupies Cartmel and tiie Bigland
range of hills to the sea.

Numerous igneous dykes outcrop here and there through the last-
named formation ; but although of a mineral texture, and in places
extremely soft, I have not noticed in connection therewith any-
greater or less fertility of soil. Reverting to the Coniston limestone,
flags, and grits, these are repeated by means of much faulting, on the
east side of the Duddon estuary (the last extending to the left bank
of the Leven estuary), and from underneath which a strip of the
Green Slate and Porphyry appears again in the remarkable crags of
Greenscow and High Haume. The well-known old quarries of
^irkby Ireleth are in the Coniston flags division, f
' Immediately to the south-west and east of the town of TJlverston,
the Carboniferous Limestone is the uppermost rock for six miles, with
a breadth of four miles. Towards the shore it forms rugged ridges
about four hundred feet in height. Its beds dip to the south-east ;
and along high- water-mark present flne glaciated pavements to the
dash of the tides. Though smaller in extent, the limestones of
Grange afford better botanical ground than these of Fumess, being
far less exposed to the cold west winds from the Irish Sea.

Highest in the sequence of JN'orth Lancashire rocks are the
clipper Permian Sandstones of Hawcoat and the deep dell of Fumess
Abbey. These form the extreme south and south-west margin of the

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KOBTH OB lASI LAITCASHIRB.

271

country underlying the thick drift, it is helieyed, out to the
islands, none of which show rock on the snrfEuse.

-It is not pretended that the following list comprises any-
thing like a complete Flora of this part of the Lakes Province, or that
it wholly supplies what ^as left unpublished by former observers ; but
it may serve as a rather wider introduction to the district than has
yet been given, and in that respect prove useful. I cannot say that
any one part has been^ thoroughly searched ; the higher altitudes
especially may be considered as almost new ground, both the north-
western and south-eastern slopes ; the limestone tracts, too, and the
rich soils of the Permian have been left nearly unvisited save by
prior collectors : so that the question might well arise as to the ex-
pediency of publishing at all, when rarities and common plants are
alike wanting to the list. It is, however, very satisfactory to state
that, excepting Pilices, the species have all been examined, corrected,
or verified, and a portion wholly named, by Mr. Baker, assisted in
part by the Rev. W. W. Kewbould ; and thus so far as it goes, the
printed list may be taken as a reliable record. When it has been
thought of any interest to note the elevation of a plant above the sea-
line,<it is derived from the Ordnance six inch maps and shown in feet.
The underlying rock is indicated thus : —

Or. SI. and Porph. for Green
Slate and Porphyry.

Con. Lime, for Coniston Lime-
stone.

Con. Flags for Coniston Flags.

Con. Grits for Coniston Grits.
Bann. SI. for Bannisdale Slate.
M. Lime, for Caurboniferous, or

Mountain Limestone.
Perm, for Permian.

When no locality, altitude, or rock-formation is appended it is
either because the species is believed to be common in the district, or
that the only locality known for it is one already on record; the
name, however, being reprinted, to show that the plant has been
reeently verified by an actual specimen, and its claim to the sub-
province thus re-established.* In all cases, where I have been directed
to a station hitherto unknown to me for a plant, the name of the ob-
liging informant will be found in brackets.

The arrangement and nomenclature are mainly, though not
entirely, those of the Lend. Cat. of Brit. Plants (sixth edition).
For the disposal of the varieties of Rosa canina^ Linn., I had recourse
to Mr. Baker's monograph of the British Roses, published by the
Linnean Society. The arrangement of the forms of Rubua fruUcosut
is in accordance with that of the same author in the Student's Flora :
and in Ranunculus aqtiatilis, Linn., the subspecies and vars. are
intended to express the views of Mr. Baker so far as I could interpret
them frpm his notes to my specimens ; other deviations from the Lond.
Cat. in favour of the above authorities also occur. Subspecies are indi-
cated by a long line ( ) and varieties by a short Ime ( — ) placed

before the name.

^ The trouble of avoiding a repetition of previously printed localities has
been muc^ lessened by a kindly permitted reference to Mr. Baker*s MS. coio-
pilation of book-records.

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272

yOBTH OB LAKE ULVCkSHJBX.

Clematis Yitalba, Linn. High
StottPark, east side of Win-
dermere, apparently not
long introduced there.
200. Bann. 81.

Thalictrum minus, Linn.
— maritimum.

flexuosum, Bemh, Foot of

Windermere [Miss M.
A. Ashbumer.l Lowwood
Bridge, Eiver Leven.

Anemone nemorosa, Linn, Woods
and river banks, frequent.
Con. Mags, Bann. SI., M.
Lime.

Banunculus aquatilis, Linn.

— -peltatus, JFHea, Gillbanks
Beck, XJlverston ; ' Winder-
mere Lake, at Newby
Bridge ; swamp inner side
of Biggar Dike, and other
spots in the Isle of Walney
already recorded.
— floribundus. Bah, Ditch-
drains, Mansriggs, near
Ulverston; Canal feeder,
Ulverston.

^heterophyllus, Frie9. ITrs-

wick Tarn ; in a spring-
pool, Plumpton, near TJl-
verston.
— pantothrix, Auct.* Eoadside
ditches, Plumpton.

trichophyllus, Chaix, Bard-
sea Mill-pond, near TJl-
verston ; XJrswick Tarn.

E. Lenormandi, Sehultz. Plump-
ton peat-trenches.

K. ficaria, Linn.

R. flammula, Linn,

^pseudo-reptans. XJrswick

Tarn.

R. Lingua, Linn. XJrswick Tarn.
100. M. Lime.

B. auricomus, Linn. Plumpton
Woods, XJlverston. 100.
M. Lime. Colton Beck-
wood. 25. Bann. SI.

R. acris, Linn.

R. repens, Linn.

R. bulbosus, Linn,

R. hirsutus, Curt, Isle of Wal-

ney, on Biggar Bank,
Perm.

R. sceleratus, Ziitn. Peat ditches,
XJlverston. M. Lime.

Caltha palustris, Linn.

minor. Seathwaite Tarn.

1210. Gr. SI. and Porph.
WalnaScar. 1500. Gr.
, SI. and Porph.

TroUius europaeus, Linn. Sides
of rivers and becks. Gr. 81
and Porph. Bann. SI.

Helleborus viridis, IJinn, Slack
woods. Grange [Miss
A. Butler.] M. lime.

Aquilegia vitlgaris, Linn, Eowd-
sey Wood; M. lime.
I^ear Dalton; M. Lime.
Plumpton rocks, XJlvers-
ton shore, [white]; H.
lime.

Berberis vulgaris, Linn, Between
Penny Bridge and Colton
Beck Bridge, doubtMIj
wild. 150. Bann. SL

Nymphsea alba, Linn. XJrswick
Tarn. 100. M. lime.

Nuphar lutea, 8m. Latterrigg
Tarn, Woodland. 100.
Con. Fl. [Mrs. Hart Jack-
son.]

Papaver Argemone, Linn. Por-
ness shores at Boosebeck.
Perm.

P. dubium, Linn. Fumess shores
at Boosebeck. Perm.

P. Rhseas, Linn. Fields, Salt-
house, near Barrow. Perm.

Meconopsis cambrica, Vig, Near
every hamlet in Higb
Fumess.

Chelidonium majus, Linn. Fre-
quent near old gardens.

Glaucium luteum. Seep. On all
the fhores. M. Lime.
Perm.

Gorydalisclavicu1ata,i>C)'. Rowd-
sey Wood. 25. M. Lime.
Bank End Wood, near the
Duddon. [Mrs. Hodg-
son.] 200. Gr. SI. and
Por.

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NOBTH OB LAKB LANCASHIRE.

273

Fomaria oapreolata, Attct.

^Boraei, Jord. Kosshead

hedges, near TJlTerston.

275. M. Lime. Bardsea,

near shores. M. Lime.

School lane, Isle of "Wal-

ney. Perm.
confasa, Jard, Kosshead

hedges, near TJlverston.

270. M. Lime. Fumess

shores at Boosebeck. Perm.

Priends meeting house,

near Hawkshead. 225.

Qon. Gr.
F. officinalis, Linn.
Gakile maritima, Scop.
Crambe maritima, Linn. "W.

beach, Walney, at Tum-

merhiU, and further south.

Perm.
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, DC.
Ibeiis amara, Linn. Margin of

Jacklands Tarn, Low Pur-

ness ; garden escape.
Lepidium Smithii, ITook.
Gochlearia officiuEdis, Linn.
vars. Ditch sides and

marshes. Plumpton round

to the Duddon.
alpina, Bah. Ghylls on Boblby

Shaw. Seathwaite Fells.

1250. Gr. SI. and torph.
Draba vema, Linn.
^brachycarpa, JS.B. 3. From

shore to top of Pirkrigg,

near TJlverston. 400 : and

wall tops in High Fumess.

M. Lime, Bann. 81., Con.

Gr.
Gardamine amara, Linn, Brook

at the *' Falls " farm, near

TJlverston.
C. pratensis, Lif^n.
C. hirsuta, Linn.
sylvatica. Link. Kear Gray-

thwaite, Windermere. 200.

Bann. SI.
Aiabis Thaliana, Linn. Wall tops

and hedge banks, frequent.
A., hirsuta, Br. Rocks at Plump-
ton ; on the beach at

Bardsea, and on rocks

in Eowdsey Wood. M.
Lime.

Barbarea vulgaris^ Br.

B. pracox^ Br.

I^asturtium ofB.cinale, Br.

Sisymbrium officinale, Br.

Erysimum AUiaria, Linn.

Brassica polymorpha, Syme,

Napus, Linn. Stubblefields.

R apa^ Linn. Inner slope
of Biggar Dike, Isle of
Walney.

Sinapis arvensis, Idnn.

E^seda Luteola, Linn.

E. lutea, Linn. JS^ear TJlverston,
doubtfully wild. [Miss
M. A. Ashbumer.]

Helianthemum vul'gare, Oaert.
Rocky woods above
Grange ; near Dalton ;
Rowdsey wood and Hum-
phrey head, M. Lime.,

Viola palustris, Linn.y Plumpton
peat moss, abundant.

V. odorata, Linn.

violacea Fringing outer

side of Plumpton woods
walls; and on the beach
below. Found also in
other spots, but local. M.
Lime.

^lilacina. Hedges near TJlver-
ston, more rare. M. Lime.

^alba. Hedges near TJlverston.

M. Lime.

V. hirta, Linn. Plumpton
woods. M. Lime.

V. canina, " Linn.** Benth.

sylvatica. Fries.

— Riviniana, Reich. Frequent.
— Reichenbachiana, Bor. About
Newfield, Seathwaite,
300. Gr. 81. and Porph.
Cockley beck. 700. Gr.
SI. and Porph.

V. canina, << Linn.^* Bab.
— flavicomis, E.B.S.

V. tricolor, Linn.
— arvensis, Murr.

Drosera rotundifolia, Linn. Com-
mon on bogs, 1200. Gr.
SI. and Porph.

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274

KORTH OR LAXB LINOASHIRS.

D. intermedia, Hayne. Abun-
dant on Plumpton and
other low-lying moss-
ditches.

Polygala vulgaris, Linn.

— --depressa, Wender, Appa-
rently the more frequent
form.

Silene inflata, Sm, Low damp
meadows, and road- sides,
not uncommon.

S. maritima. With. Bound the
shores.

Lychnis Flos-cuculi, Ltnn.

L. diuma, Sihth.

L. vespertina, Sihth.

L. Githago, Linn,

Sagina procumbens, Linn.

S. nodosa, Meyer.

Spergula arvensis, Linn.

Honckenya peploides, Ehrh.
Round the shores.

Spergularia marina, Auct.

^marginata, DC. School

Bank, Isle of Walney.
Morecambe shores at
Greenodd; Tridley marsh,
nearer TJlverston.

Arenaria serpyUifolia, Linn.

^leptoclados, Owa. Top of

Humphrey head.

A. vema, Linn. With double
flowers on Hampsfield
FeU, Cartmel, 400, M.
Lime.

A. trinervis, Linn.

Stellaria media. With.

S. Holostea, Linn.

S. graminea, Linn.

S. uliginosa, Murr.

Oerastium glomeratum, ThuiU.

C. triviale, LinJc^ 1200. Gr.
S. and Par.

C. tetrandrum. Curt. KorthEnd
rabbit-warren. Isle of
"Walney ; and wall-tops
near TJlverston.

Linum usitatissimum, Linn.
Boad sides, but not fre-
quent.

L. catharticum, Linn.

Malva moschata, Linn. Found

in many localitieB, but nol
common.

M. sylvestris, Linn. Less fre-
quently observed.

Tilia intermedia, DC. Often
clipped down in woods
and hedges, though oc-
casionally growing to a
fine tree.

Hypericum Androsaemum, Lim.

H. perforatum, Linn.

H. quadrangulum, Linn.

-dubium, T..eers. Isle of

Walney; and lanes near
Penny Bridge.

-- — ^tetrapterum, Fries.

H. humifusum, Linn. Not un-
frequent.

H. pulchrum, Linn.

H.Elodes, Linn. Boggy marshes,
Isle of Walney.

Acer Pseudo-platanus, Linn.

Erodium cicutarium, rHer,
Type common round the
shores.
— ^var. " With unusually
small flowers, and finely-
cut leaves." Mr. J. G.
Baker. Drylands, Isle
of Walney.

Geranium pheeum, Linn. Under
trees in Little Croft
park. TJlverston.

G. sylvaticum, Linn. By Seath-
waite Tarn beck, at New-
field.

G. pratense, Linn. Near Urs-
wick Church ; Plumpton
Hall gate, on the salt-
marsh.

G. molle, Linn.

G. dissectum, Linn.

G. columbinum, Linn. Plump-
ton woods.

G. lucidum, Linn.

G. Bobertianum, Linn.

G. sanguineum, Linn.

lancastriense, With. I was

told that this had become
extremely rare, if notqmte
eradicated, at Lawson's
old station; but I ww

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KORTH OB LAXB LAITCASHIRS.

275

glad to find it, last sum-
mery extending from
TnmmerhiU, (its northern
limit) to the south end
of the Biggar Bank — a
full mile; both in the
beach gravels, and on the
grassy sward.

Lnpatiens Noli-me-tangere, Linn.

OxaHs Acetosella, Linn,

Euonymus europaeus, Linn. Fre-
quent in woods.

Rhamnus Frangula, Linn, Fre-
quent in woods, and edges
of peat-moss.

Sarothammus scoparius, ITooh.

TJlex europsBus, Linn,

V, nanus, AueL

Gallii, Planch, Frequent.

Genista tinctoria, Linn, Abun-
dant on crags and rocky
pastures.

Ononis arrensis, Linn,
— spinose variety. Round the
shores.

Anthyllis Vulneraria, Linn,

Billenii, Sehult, Hamps-

field Fell. 400. M. Liine.

Medicago lupulina, Linn,

Melilotus oficinalis, Willd,

M. vulgaris, Willd, A starved
solitary specimen near a
farm.

Trifolium repens, Linn, 1500.
Walna Scar.

T. pratense, Linn,

T. medium, Linn.

T, hyhridum, Linn,

T. procumbens, Linn,

T. minus, JRelhan.

Lotus comiculatus, Linn,
— ^villose variety. Sandy Gap ;
Isle of Walney ; also on
Biggar marsh.

L. major, Scop,

Omitbopus perpusillus, Linn.
Hills near XJlverston. 625.
Con. Grits.

Vicia Gracca, Linn,

V, sativa, Linn,

segetalis, Thuill, Plump-
ton.

V. sepium, Linn,

V. hirsuta, Koch,

Lathyrus pratensis, Linn,

Orobus tuberosus, Linn,

Prunus eommunis, Huds,

spinosa, Linn,

insititia, lAnn, Rosshead

hedges, near Tllverston.

damesticaj Linn, Kear Barn-
beck farm, Pennington.

P. Padus, Linn, Old high beeves
at the Crag, near Tllver-
ston ; Seathwaite, Fur-
ness Fells.

P. Cerasus, Linn, Occasionally
seen in hedges, but rare.

P. Avium, Linn, In most woodsl

Spiraea Ulmaria, Linn,

S. Filipendula, Linn,

S. salicifolia, Linn,

Geum urbanum, Linn,

G. rivale, Linn,

Potentilla anserina, Linn,

P. reptans, Linn,

P. Tormentilla, Schenh,

— — procumbens, 8ibth. Gray-
thwaite woods, Bann. SL

P. Fragariastrum, Ehrh,

Comarum palustre, Linn, Peat-
trenches, Plumpton ; Urs-
wick Tarn.

Fragaria vesca, Linn,

F, elatioTf Ehrh. By a brook in
a narrow high-banked lane
in the vale of Newland,
near Ulverston, a quarter
of a mile from an ancient
farmstead called The Falls.
[Miss Parker.]

Bubus saxatilis, Linn, Bowdsey
wood.

B. Idseus, Linn, Not unfrequent.

B. fruticosus, Linn,

snberectus, Andern,

— affinis, TT, etN, The Flan,
Ulverston ; Foxfield on
the Duddon.

rhamnifolius, W, et N.

Mungeon ; Back Bedding's
allotment, Cartmel.
— cordifolius, Angl, Beyond
the Flan; Tilberthwait©
T 2

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276

NOBTH OB LAES LAKGA8HIBB.

GhyU bridge. 500. Gr. 81.
and Por.
'-^LindleianuB, Lees. Below
Bowstead gates, nearUl-
verston.

corylifoliuB, Sm. North

Scale Lanes, Isle of "V^al-
ney; top of Humphrey
head.

discolor, W, et N. Fumess

Abbey ; top of Humphrey
head; road sides above
Grange.

r umbrosus, Arrh, Fins-

thwaite woods [Mrs. James
Hodgson.]

Radula, Weihe. Brick kiln

lane, Ulverston, and plan-
tations near.

-— pallidus, Weihe. Mansriggs
wood, near Ulverston ;
Bigland Hill, Cartmel ;
Finsthwaite woods [Mrs.
James Hodgson.J

— — glandulosus, Bdl,

— Bellardi, Weihe. By

the edgel of Long House
Ghyll, Walna Scar, about
a mile from Seathwaite
Church. 600. Gr. SI.
and Por.

Bosa spinosissima, Linn, On all
the shores ; inland lanes
both of Fumess and Cart-
mel; Brathay woods;
near Birks bridge, on the
Duddon. 500. Gr. SI.
and Por. Con. Lime.
Bann. SI. M. Lime. Perm.

B. moUissima, Fries,

^mollis, 8m, Below Mun-

geon, Cartmel. 400.
Bann. SI. near Newfield,
Seathwaite. 360. Gr.Sl.
and Por.

B. tomentosa, Sm. South side of
Little Langdaje tarn.
330. Gr. SI. and Por.
woods between StottPark
and Graythwaite. 175.
Abundant on Legbairow
Crags, near Penny bridge.

200. Tottlebank lanes,
Colton. 200. Bann. SI.

B. oanina, Linn, Typical form
frequent.

sphserica, Dutnort Boss-
head hedges, UlventoiL
250. M. Lime. Kear
Haverthwaite. 50. Bann.
SI. Boad between Cark
and Cartmel. 8.0. Bann.
SI. Fo^eld Bank. 50.
Con. Grits.

dumalis, Bechst,

hedges. 250. M. Lime.
Greenodd rocks by the
shore* Bann. SI.

Mihiddk, Leman, Lanes about

Ulverston ; woods near
Broughton.

^frondosa, Steven, Kear the

railway bridge, Haver-
thwaite. 60. Bann. 81.
Foxfield Bank, 50. Con.
Grits.

Reuteri, Godet, On the road

to Low Skathwaite, north
of Ulverston ; road sides
above Grange.

subcristata. Baker. Boss-
head hedges ; roadside be-
low Mungeon, Cartmel;
' roadside between Flook-
burgh and Humphrey
head.

R. arvensis, Hude. By the old

well at Bouth, Busland.

100. Bann, 81. Birkdault,

Haverthwaite. 50. Bann.

• SI.

Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linn,

Sanguisorba officinalis, Lv^-
Swampy meadow south of
Little Langdale tarn. On
the banks of the Brathay,
near Windermere.

Poterium Sanguisorba, Xww»«
Boadsides above Grange;
Plumpton quarry by gi«at
, spring pit.

Alchemilla vulgaris, Linn.

A. arvensis, Seop,

MespiluB germanica^ Linn. Two

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NOBTH OB LAKE I.AKCASHIRB.

277

trees in a high old hedge
between Walney Church
and Northscale, east side of
island.
OratsBgus Ozyacantha, Linn.

monogyna, Jacq, The usual

form.

Pyrus communis, Ltnn, A fine
tree in a hedge facing
Morecamhe shore at Bard-
sea near Ulverston.

P. Mains, Linn. Not unfrequent.

acerba, B.C. Seawood near

Bardsea ; in a hedge near
Tottlebank Chapel.

tomentosa. Plumpton woods ;

Hilltop, near Penny bridge ;
Barrow End cliff-face, near
Greenodd.

P. Aria [Typical Aria of Boswell-
Syme.] Cliffs Plumpton
shore, Ulverston ; M.
Lime. Sereral trees of
this occur in that old wood,
and are gradually scarped
down by high tides and
winds.

P. Aucuparia, Oaertn. Hilly
hedges.

Epilobium angnstifolium, Linn.
By the beck at Newland,
perhaps an old garden
escape ?

£. hirsutum, Linn. Ditch sides,
Flookburgh; Little Mill
Pields, near Dalton.

E. parviflomm, Sehreb. Edge of
mill-pond, Bardsea ; about
the i^ate-quarries, Walna
Scar; near Skathwaite,
Penny bridge.

£. montanum, Linn.

E. palustre, Linn. Peat mosses,
Ulverston; Newland, by
the blacking mill.

£. tetragonum, Linn.

— — -obscurum, Sehreb. Mans-
riggs wood, near Ulver-
ston.

Circasa lutetiana, Linn. Banks
ofBiver Crake; between
Lake Side and Oray-
thwaite.

Hippuris vulgaris, Linn. Bard-
sea mill-pond.

Myriophyllum spicatum, Linn.
Urswick tarn.

M. altemifolium, DC. Cark
beck, Cartmel; Urswick
tarn.

CaUitriche vema, Linn. Clerk's-
beck tributary. Urswick
tarn.

C. platycarpa, Sutz. In a spring
at The Crag, near Ulver-
ston i Plumpton lanes
ditches.

C. hamulata, Kutz, Cartmel
beck; Lightbum, Ulver-
ston.

Lythrum Salicaria, Linn. By
river Crake; by Urswick
tarn ; damp meadows
near south shores, not un-
frequent.

Montia fontana, Linn.

rivularis, Omel. Gill beck,

Ulverston ; ditch at North
End, IsleofWalney.

Scleranthus annuus, Linn,
Rocky fields and wall tops.

Bibes nigrum, Linn. Between
Bowstead gates and the
Blacking mill; Angerton
moss.

R. rubrum, Linn. Newby Haw,
Haverthwaite ; Hearings
wood, Ulverston ; Bank
House Ghyll Kirkby.

JR. Oroisularia, Linn. Frequent
in woods and roadside
hedges.

Sedum Telephium, Linn. Old
walls about Eumess
Abbey; in an old hedge,
Ulverston ; Low Water
Head, Coniston.

{To he continued.)

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278 fHOBT 90TS8.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF HELENI0P8IS FEOM POEM08A.
Bt J. 0. Bakbk.

The genus ffelmicpau is one of great systematie interest, com-
bining as it does the extrorse anther^ of Colehicaeea^ with a locu-
licidal capsule terminated by a perfectly entire style with a capi-
tate stigma, as in Ziliaoeaj and a densely-packed mass of litUe seeds
tailed at one or both ends, as in Juneus and Nartheeium. SugeroUa
of Miquel is evidently, as has already been pointed out by Maximo-
wicz, not worthy of generic separation. Three species are known in
Japan, and I have now a fourth to add, which has been discovered by
Mr. Swinhoe in Formosa, which differs from the others in the inflo-
rescence being umbellate instead of racemose.

H. UMBSLLATA., Bohfy n,»p, Ehizomate brevi praemorso fibras
copiosas ferente, foliis radicalibus 6-10 rosulatis oblanceolatiB spathu-
latis 1-1^ poll, longis 7-nervatis apice obtusis distincte mucronatis
in petiolum brevem angustatis, scapo 3-4-pollicari bracteis 8-4 amplec-
tentibus lanceolatis submembranaceis adpressis, floribus 3-9 umbelktds,
pedicellis flore vix superantibus, perianthio 3-4 lin. longo, segmentis
oblanceolato-spathulatis albido-viridulis obtusis ^ lin. latis, staminibus
breviter exsertis, stylo 3-4 lin. longo supeme crassiori distincte
exserto, stigmate capitate peltate. Formoia^ Swinhoe ! .

The specimens are in flower only, so I cannot say anything about
capsule and seeds.

SHOET NOTES.

AKTHoxAKTHTTif PuEiJi, Lee. Sf Lom, IK EsTGi^sTD. — Will botanists
look out for this little grass in their districts? Mr. F. Townsend
collected a plant near Netley in Hampshire this summer, which he
is in all probability right in referring to the species, though the
single fragmentary specimen he secured would be scarcely sufficient
for any botanist less famiHar with the continental flora than he is to
determine. This specimen is now in the British Museum, which con-
tains also a series of no doubt the same species from the neighbour-
hood of Bjiutsford, Cheshire, collected in 1872 by Mr. Britten as a very
marked variety of A, odoratum. These latter quite agree with foreign
examples of -4. Pueliiy which we have here from many parts of France,
Spain, Portugal, Hanover, and the Canaries. It is distinguished from
A. odoratum by being annual, by its smaller size and tinted habit of
growth much branched from the base, by its lax rather unilateral inflo-
rescence with smaller spikelets, and by the upper of the barren flowers
being provided with an awn, which projects fiilly a third beyond the
upper glume and is thus plainly visible. The plant was flrst described
in 1847 by Lecoq and Lamotte in their * Cat. raiss. des plantes vase.
du plateau centr. de la France ' (p. 385), where is a long description.
Good accounts will be found also in Grenier and Godron's * Flore de

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8H0BZ KOTSS. 279

Prance/ vol. iii., p. 443, Boreau's ' Flore'da Centre' (ed. 3), p. 697,
and WiUkomm and Lange's Spanish Flora, vol. i., p. 38. Boreau
^ves another species, A. Lhydiiy Jord., which, from the descrip-
tion appears to be a smaller plant ; perhaps a stunted form. There is»
of course, a measure of doubt about the native character of the Netley
locaKty, but it is not unlikely that as the plant occurs in Cheshire a
search will reveal it in other places also. — Hbkbt Tbiken.

Falcajoa Riviin, Rosty m Hants. — This plant has occurred abun-
dantly this season in a field of vetches on my farm at Thruxton. The
most curious fact is that the vetches are from my own seed, which I
have had by me for many years in cultivation. In fact for the last
twenty years I have never known foreign seed of any description sowed
in that particular field, and yet I feel confident that the plant has never
turned up elsewhere on my farm. Where I have unquestionably
sowed foreign seeds, such as vetches, clover, &c., I have occasionally
found the fbUowing plants, and generally in plenty ; — Vicia monantha^
Gypsophila Vacca/ria, Stlene conica^ Alynmm calyeinumy Camelina
sativay Phalaris canartensis, and perhaps a few others, but never
Fdcaria. I fancy the plant has been there *some time, as I tried
to get up some of the roots with an iron bar, but they had penetrated
more than a foot below the surface. The root-leaves wither before
the plant flowers. I am indebted to Dr. Trimen for kindly naming
the plant for me. — ^Henbt Eeeks.

Plaistts op Co. Cokk. — Early in the present year I discovered a
new station for an interesting species, Juncm acutus, Linn. It grows
freely in one spot on the left bank of the Rowry river, a little above the
small harbour of MiUcove, near Glandore. It grows here not on the
coast, but on the tidal portion of the river. — Near this station in clefts
of a projecting crag grows sparingly the rare form of AspUniumy A.
acutumy Bory. — Carex pendulay not before noticed in the W. of this
county grows in one spot close to the sea at Glandore. — C. divukay
noted in the * Cybele Hib.' as very rare, is frequent in this county. I
have as manyjas 16 stations noted. — I may add a few remarks as to the
two commoner gentians, G.[eampestris and G, amarella. Both are very
local and restricted in their distribution in this county, the latter
especially so ; yet in one tract near Ballinadee they flourish in ex-
treme abundance. O. amaHlla, which can hardly be found anywhere
else in this very extensive county, grows in the district alluded to in
tens of thousands. — T. Allin.

TfiEE-PERN FBOM LoED Howe's IsLAiTD.— The fine tree-fern de-
scribed by Baron von Mueller in the part of his " Fragmenta " just
received (vol. viii., p. 176) uAder the name of HemiUlia Maca/rihuri
is identical with the Cyathea Mooret of the yet unpublished second
edition of Hooker and Baker's Synopsis Filicum, p. 453. As our book
is now all printed off, except the index, I have no opportunity of in-
serting in it this identification. It seems to nje that Cyatheoid in-
volucres are the rule in the plant and Hemitelioid the exception, and I

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280 SHOBT K0TE8.

should prefer therefore, whilst adopting Dr. Mueller's specific name to
keep to the genus in which I had already put it, and to call the plant
Cyathea Macarthuri. Involucre apart, it is so like AUophUa exeeha\}aAi
at the first rough sorting I took it so be that species, an idea which the
first glance wi^ a lens at the sori dispelled.— J. G. Baxeb.

Calutbighb OBTusANGULi., Le Oallj m Kent. — I enclose a small
quantity of a Callitriche which Dr. Boswell Syme tells me is C.
ohtiMangula, I gathered it last June in the marshes between Deal and
Sholden, and it struck mo then as being different from any I had ever
seen. — J. F. Duthie. [Only previously recorded from Isle of Wight
and Cambridge.— See Joum. Bot. 1870, p. 342, and 1872, p. 78.]

ExTHEX SYLVESTBis, WoIIt, dt Hebts. — On Aug. 15th when
botanising in company with Mr. E. A. Pryor, I noticed a Ruimx
which looked different from ordinary R. ohtuaifoltus. On comparing
the specimens collected with those in the British Museum, I find
some of them to be intermediate in characters between Mr.
Warren's Thames-side Dock, described in the last volume of this
Journal (p. 129 and tab. 131) and the usual R. oHust/olius {R
Frtem, Gren. & Godr.) of England. Others are nearly typical R
tylvestris^ with the more erect branches and scarcely-toothed perianth-
leaves, each of which bears a large tubercle* Both Mr. Warren and
Dr. Trimen have seen specimens. The exact locality is a brickfield
close to the Eiver Lea between Hertford and Ware. — ^T. B. Blow.
I Mr. Blow's specimens appear to strongly support the view expressed
in the paper above quoted (p. 140) that R. syhestris and R. Frieni
are merely the extremes of one species wiUi various intermediate
states. — Ed. Jowrn. Bot,']

laoBTES LACusTEis IK Shkopshibe. — In the list of Shropshire plants
compiled by the late Rev. E. Williams, Minister of Battlefield,
Isoetes lacuBtris was put down for the well-known botanical locality
Bomere Pool where so many good plants are found, but since his time
it has been searched for by other botanists without success. Owing to
the dryness of the present summer the pool has been much lower
than usual, and on visiting it in July and August I was pleased to
find Isoetes in tolerable abundance at the south end near the boat-
house, in company with Lobelia Bortmanna^ Littorella lacustris and
Ehtine hexandra. It does not attain here so large and robust a
growth as in Llyn Ogwen and other Welsh lakes. The usual form in
which it occurs is with spreading leaves, curved outwards &om the
base ; but occasionally it takes the upright form with straight leaves.
It is not improbable the /. ecMnospora may be detected here also,
though as yet I have not been able to find it. I have about a dozen
dried specimens which I shall be glad to distribute as far as they will
go to the readers of this Journal. — William Phillips.

Lichens is India.. — I have been last January up to Allahabad,
and reckoned upon a good harvest of Cryptogams, especially of

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voncxs OP BOOKS. 281

Lichens, t had armed myself with all the necessary implements, bnt
conld not detect a trace of a Lichen, either on the trees or on the
quartz rock of the Rewah hills (70-80 miles south of Allahabad).
Such a complete absence of these plants I have never yet experienced
since I have been in India. Nothing but a blackish colouring of a
doubtful nature was to be seen here and there. This is the more
strange as in 1869 I found in the Korrackpore hills, south of Monghir,
quite a quantity of saxicolous Lichens on the pure quartz rocks quite
exposed to the sun. On the other hand I obtained two or three mosses,
one Marehantiay several Fungi, and a good number of AlgoB, especially
in the waters of the Ganges and Jumna, where Zannichellia and
Potamogeton form extensive masses on which a Synedra was very
abundant. — S. Eubz.

I^ottcejer of S5ooitisr.

Norges Flora eller Beskrivelser af de i Norge vildtvoxende Karplanter
tilligemed Angivelser af deres Udbriedelse. 2 den Del, Iste Helfte
af AxBL Blytt. Christiania, 1874.

The Conservator of the University Herbarium at Christiania is to
be congratulated on having at length carried on the excellent Flota of
Norway, commenced in 1861 by his father, the late Prof. M. N. Blytt.
That first part comprised the whole of the Monocotyledons ; the con-
tinuation now before us, goes on with the Apetalae and gets well into
the Gamopetalap, which it is hoped to finish in another part, to appear
before the end of the year.

The book is a national one, and is written entirely in the Norwegian
language. The descriptions appear to be very full, and are founded on
the examination of extensive series of specimens. The author is well
blown to be an energetic practical botanist, and has the advantage of
possessing the material collected by his father, and full access to the
fine herbarium of the plants of Norway in the University Museum.
The quotation of synonymy, figures, and exsiccata is mainly confiined
to Scandinavian publications. The distribution of each species is
traced through three districts, founded on the natural watersheds of
the country; the " osten^eldske," or south-eastern portion; the
** vestenfjeldske," or western district up to lat. 63**; and the " norden-
fieldske," comprising all the country north of the Dovrefjeld. M.
Slytt has kindly given the following information with reference to
distribution in altitude. There are 5 regions ("belter'*) dis-
tinguished in the Flora : — 1. the " Kombeltet," in which com is culti-
vated ; the upper limit of this in the ** ostenfjeldske " is usually about
2000 Norwegian feet above the sea; 2 "Bartroemes region," the
region of Pines (P. Ahiea and P, syhestru) which extends in the same
district up to about 2800—3000 ft. ; 3 " Birkebeltet," the Birch

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282 VOTIGSS OF BOOKS.

region {Betula odorata, Bechst.) which ascends from the limit of the
pines up to 3600 ft. ; 4 " Vidiebeltet," the region of willows
(ScUix fflauca, 8, Zapponumj 8, lanata) which with Betula nana ascend
to about 4460 — 4500 ft. ; and 5 " Laobeltet," the Lichen region in
which 8altx herbacea, Vaceinia, &c., and herbaceous plants are found, and
which extends up to the snow line ; the limit of phanerogamous vegeta-
tion in Ostenfjeldsjs at about 5200 ft. All these limits sink towards
the west and north. Under each species is found an indication of the
bounds of its range both northward and southward.

The Norwegian "Willows have been elaborately monographed for
the Flora by Prof. N. J. Andersson, of Stockholm, so well-known
for his researches in this difficult genus, and occupy over 60 pages of
the volume. This Flora is worth the attention of English botanists.

H.T.

Prodromus Flora Hispaniea: auctoribus Ma.T7Bitio "Willkomm et
JoAMTwi Lanob. Vol. III., pars I. Stuttgart, 1874.

It is a very agreeable surprise to be able to peruse a new part of
this valuable Flora of Spain, which one had some reason to fear was,
from causes chiefly monetary, forced to come to a standstill. Its
eminent authors merit the thanks of the botanists of Europe for their
perseverance in carrying on their labours in spite of such discourage-
ment. It is four years since we had to chronicle the appearance of
the last part, which concluded the gamopetalous orders. In this new
part the polypetalous families are commenced by the UrnbeUifera^
followed by the Saxifragacea, CrassulacecBy Paronychtacea, Onagrariea^
and the smaller allied orders, and the greater peirt of the Rosacea,
Prof. Lange has worked up the TJmbellifers and the Onagrariea ; the
remaining orders are by Prof. Willkomm, with the exception of the
LythrariecBf the few species of which have been elaborately treated by
Knerskon, and the Roses which Crepin has described. The UmheUi-
fera are very strongly represented in Spain, no less than 221 species
being included in the Flora ; in their arrangement Prof. Lange has
largely followed Bentham and Hooker's " Genera Plantarum," though
he gives reasons for differing in some points from that work. Only a
single new species is described, and tiere has been but little transpo-
sition of species into other genera ; indeed, this order appears to have
undergone a very thorough and careful investigation. Physospermm
cornuhiense is placed as a veiriety under P, aquilegiafolium^ from which
it differs only in its smaller size. In the Saxifrages, Prof. "Willkomm
has not adopted Engler's recent classification of the genus. The
section Chatonychia of Paronychia is raised to a genus for the singular
little plant C. oymosa. The fruticose RM are thirteen in number ;
all, save one, widely-distributed forms.

It may now be confidently hoped that the Professors will in due time
complete their Flora in the same excellent style which has charac-
terised it hitherto, with full descriptions and detailed distribution of
all the species. We shall then only want as good an account of the
plants of Portugal to possess a full knowledge of the Flora of the
great south-western peninsula. H. T.

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NOTICES OF BOOK0. 283

A Manual of Botany, Anatomical and Physiological, for the use of
Students. By Bobsbt Bbowit, M.A., &c., Lecturer on Botany.
Edinburgh: Blackwood^and Sons. 1874. (Pp. 614.)

Most persons qualified to judge will agree with the author of this
new 'text-book that an explanation, apology, or defence such as we
have in his preface, was to be expected. To give merely a list of the
Manuals of Botany which have appeared in tiiis country during, the
last twenty or thirty years would occupy several pages, and a new
comer into the already too crowded field is likely to be rather criti-
cally looked at, and the reasons for its appearance carefully examined.
It is true that in spite of the number of elementary works there
is no one of pre-eminent n^erit, and that a first-rate text-book in
English has for some time been a want strongly and extensively felt.
Such a book — dear, comprehensive, accurate — giving us the results of
real work in botany, and bearing the stamp of the mind of a master
in the science, who can separate what is' of value from what is worth-
less, and present to his readers an original, harmonious, and consistent
treatise, we all want. Another compilation, however laborious, of
the old familiar sort, we do not. Dr. Brown thinks the great
advance of physiological botany on the Continent during the last
few years a sufficient apology for printing a new text-book in Eng-
land on the whole science of botany : it might be j^erhaps a question
whether he would not have done us better service if he had been
content to translate and abstract the more important Erench, German,
and Scandinavian researches for the use of English students. The
indiscriminate collections of a lecturer's notes, however useful for
their intended purpose, are scarcely suitable for publication as a
sustained treatise, certahily not without far more care than, it must
be confessed, appears to have been bestowed on the book before us.

Ko doubt the author has done his best to include all the facts
he thought of importance in *' upwards of twelve hundred separate
papers and treatises " in various languages, |which he claims to have
consulted, and certainly he spread his net wide enough ; no doubt
also there is a very large amount of information of unequal value
AS a result; but as a digest it is impossible to speak of the
new manual as a success. It is scarcely to be wondered at if the
author were overwhelmed by tbe mountain he had gathered; to
attempt de novo to make an abstract of everything one can lay one's
hands upon in structural and functional botany and boil it down into a
new text book is a task from which most persons would recoil.

It is not intended to criticise the book in fall detail ; but the
contradictions and obscurities which not unfrequently occur (doubtless
as a result of indiscriminate compilation) are especially unfortunate
in a treatise intended for the use of students. Those who are familitur
with them, and know the blind faith they place in what they read, can
only pity the student who finds prosenchynoia defined as two different
things on pp. 13 and 38, the endophlaeum made synonymous with the
cambium layer at p. 82 and with the bastlayer at p. 89, and a state-
ment that stipules are absent in all dicotyledons with opposite leaves
on the same page (150) with a description of interpetiolar stipulation.
Kothing is more disheartening to a beginner than such loose writingj^

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284 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

unless it be the modification or explaining away of statements at first
made absolutely, which fault also occurs in the volume.

Some of the definitions are very misleading, eis that of dimorphic
plants, " when two of the stamens are long and two short" (p. 462),
where the author must have been thinking of didynamous. The pods
of Caisia are called follicles (p. 485) and the seeds of Juniper said to,
be surrounded by an arillus (p. 515). We are told (p. 74) that each
intemode of a dicotyledonous stem represents a year's growth, and
(p. 268) that leguminous plants derive their nitrogen from the air,
though ten pages back the source of this element had been rightly
stated. The Mistletoe and Broomrape are give^ (p. 124) as examples
of " the parasitic plants known as epiphytei " a singular confusion
of terms ; further on the aerial roots of Mistletoe are mentioned
(p. 142). Yery unfortunate is the attempt to give an idea of the range
of size in leaves (p. 146) by mentioning as extremes the fronds of
Ifaerocystis and Lemna ; this reminds one of the popular summary
of fishes ** from the whale to the shrimp." Such errors as these,
though evidence only of carelessness, become serious in a student's
book. So too the very numerous misprints are much to be deprecated,
and cjould have been readily avoided ; * tubular ' occurs several times for
tabular in the descriptions pf the tissues, and the errors in the names
of plants and of persons are far too frequent to allude to particularly.
Some of the plant-names are very strange. Probably most students
will be able to correct the teacher who calls Syringa persica the Mock
Orange, and Thlaspi alpestre the Penny-royal, but Lyeopodium Ch(ma(h
partnus is likely to prove a puzzle. One scarcely expected to find
the old herbalists' name for Acorut Calamm revived ; but in any case
Calamus as a genus is long pre-occupied by the Palms.

It is impossible to praise a treatise with such evidences of want
of care on the surface, yet there are some points in which the
new manual is in advance of others ; the account of fertilization
seems more complete than any elsewhere, and embodies the various
contributions which during the last few years have been made by a
very numerous band of observers. The figures are also very good,
many being from Duchartre's " E16ment8," and Germain de St
Pierre's "Nouveau Dictionnaire," and some original. It is a rehef
to miss the well-worn woodcuts ^hich have done duty in so many
text-books.

Only the anatomy and physiology of phanerogarns find a place
in th(9 volume. A second is promised, to include historical, sys-
tematic, economic, fossil, tod geographical botany, and an account of
the cryptogams. To say the truth such a volume is wanted neither by
botanists nor students. With the exception of the history of
botany, we have now good special books on all the branches enu-
merated, and Balfour's ** Class-book " surely suffices for students at
Edinburgh or elsewhere. A new text-book on Cryptogamic Botany
is a desideratum ; and a history of the science from anyone who
had made it a life-study would be of surpassing interest; hut
nee scire fas est omnia, and we cannot expect Dr. Brown to do
more than re-arrange the matter in existing manuals. With all
his perseverance his first volume can scarcely be held to prove him
a compiler of the first rank. H. T.

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NOTICES OF BOOKS. 285

Wmdtafeln fur den Naturwissenschaftlichen TJnterricIit, mit specieller
BeriickEdchtigung der Landwirthschaft. III. serie. Pflanunhunde
von L. KifT. Berlin, 1874.

This is the first part, consisting of 10 sheets with accompanying
text of 22 pages in octavo, of an educatioAal series of botanicsd
diagrams. Each diagram is 33 in. long by 27 in. wide, well printed
in colours. The subjects represented are the structure of living cells,
starch granules, raphides and plant-crystals, the conjugation of
Spirogyra, the laticiferous canals, unicelluUar hairs and glands, the
fibro-vascular bundles of mono- and dicotyledons and the development
of the embryo in Brassica Napu%. They go into more detail than is cus-
tomary in such aids to class-instruction, and, indeed if one felt inclined
to criticise thes^ excellent diagrams, one might' say they are too good.
They well repay close examination, and much of the information
they contain woidd be necessarily lost on the walls of a lecture theatre.

H. T.

The London Catalogue of British Plants. Seventh Edition. London :
R. Hardwicke, 1874. (Pp. 32.)

This list, the first edition of which appeared in 1844, is of the
greatest utility to British botanists. Not a few local Floras have been
arranged in accordance with it, and the general correspondence in
nomenclature of the sixth edition with Dr. Syme's English Botany
did much to familiarise botanists with the changes of name introduced
in the latter work. Of this sixth edition a full notice will be found in
our vol. for 1867, p. 217 ; and it is only necessary to indicate on the pre-
sent occasion the points in which the seventh differs from it. The prin-*
cipal of these consists, as Mr. Watson tells us in his " explanations,"
'' in a re-numbering of the specific names, and in those changes of tech-
nical arrangement which have now rendered it necessary to abandon the
original series of numbers." We pointed out the desirability of some
such course in the review referred to ; and its adoption renders the
present edition the most useful for practical purposes that has yet
appeared. The list now includes 1680 species and subspecies, '< as
understood by Dr. Hooker in Students* Flora, and Dr. Boswell-Syme
in English Botany,^* 125 of which are italicised. The Students^
Flora has been followed in some cases in preference to English
Botany, as in the restoration of the genera Tanacetum and Matricaria.
Glaucium violaceum is altogether omitted, no doubt through inadver-
tence. The census-numbers have been revised in accordance with
Topogr)aphical Botany, the second and concluding part of which has
recently been privately distributed. As the number of copies of this
latter work is very limited, it may be useful to mention that the author
has presented it to the Herbarium Library at Kew and to that of the
Department of Botany of the British Museum.

J. B.

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286 BOTAKICAL ITXWS.

50otamcal jpetOjer.

AbTIOLSS m JOUBKALS.

Ann, ds8 80. NatureUei (ser. 5, torn, xix., n. 6, Jane). — P. P
Deh6rain and H. Moissan, <^ Besearches on Absorption of Oxygen*
and Emission of Carbon Dioxide in plants kept in darkness." — P. P.
Deh6rain and E. Landrin, '< Besearches on Germination." — Pfeffer,
"On the Influence of Light in the regeneration of Albuminoid
matters at the expense of the Asparagine formed daring Germina-
tion."

July.

ScottUh Naturalist. — J. Keith, " Fungi of Morayshire "
(contd.).

Monthly MteroBc. Journal. — ^R. Braithwaite, " Sphagnum squarro-
turn, Pers. (tab. 67) ^S. teres, Angstrom*' (tab. 68).

Oesterr. Bot. Zeitsckr.—F. Sauter, " Moss Flora of N. Tyrol."— J.
Kemer, " Saltx digenea {viminalis x daphnotdes)" — ^J. A. Tanscher,
"On Flora of Hungary.^'— A. Obomy, "On Flora of S. Moravia"
(contd. ). — A. Kemer, " Distribution of Hungarian Plants " (contd.).—
J. C. Schlosser, " The Kalnicker Gebirge."

Hedwtgta. — Thiimen, "A new species of Frotomgces.** — A.
• Geheeb, " Bryological Notes."

Bot. Zeitung. — H. Conwentz, "On the action of Camphor and
similar powerful agents on the life of Plant-cells" (contd.). — A.

Batalin, "On the destruction of Chlorophyll in living organs."

D. Wetteihan, " On Podospermum ealeitrapifoUum, DC." — ^E. War-
ming, "Observations On the Ovule." — ^F. Hegelmaier, "On certain
Lycopodiacea.^^

Flora. — H. Wydler, "Bemarks on the Pentamerous Flowers of
Ruta'' (tab. 4).— H. Wawra, "On Flora of Hawai Islands"
{Gotddia axillaris, TL.^.<, Coprosma Waimea, n.a.\ — M. Micheli, "Pre-
liminary Notes of new Onagrartea from MS. lor Flora Brasiliensis "

(13 new species oiJussieua; Oocarpon, gen. nav. = J. oocarpa., Wt.)*

W. Nylander, "Add. nova ad Lichenographiam Europaeam, xviii"
(47 new species ; 12 from Britain). — A. Geheeb, " On Amblgstegium
formianum, Fior.-Mazz." — J. Miiller, " Lichenological Contributions"
(2 new species).

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bond. (n. 76, July Slst). — ^H. A. Weddell, "A

new African Genus of Podostemacece** (Angolaa ; tab. xiii.). J. G.

Baker, " Bevision of Genera and Species of TulipesB."

* There is also a paper by M. Micheli, *« On the Onagrarie® of Brazil, and
eapedally on the genus Jussieua ** in the Arch, des So. de la Bibl. Univ. de
Geneve for Jane.

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BOTANICAL NBW8. 287

An enumeration of the Oriental Lahiata with description of the
new species, and a long geographico-botanical introduction by Bunge
has been published in the M^moires de TAcad. imp. des Sc. de St.
P6tersbourg (s^r. 8, tom. xxi., n. 1).

We understand that a Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelle
Islands is likely soon to be put in hand as one of the colonial
series issued from £ew. Mr. Baker will undertake the editor-
ship.

We read in the Gardener^ 8 Chronicle that Mr. W. B. Hemsley is
about to undertake a series of botanical monographs with the
special object of determining and naming plants cultivated in
^rdens. He will commence with the Mmacea, Marantacea and
Zingtheracea.

The recently printed " Eeport on the condition of the Sea Fisheries
on the S. Coast of New England in 1871 and 1872," contains a cata-
logue of the AlgSB of the coast by Dr. "W. Q-. Farlow.

Dr. Gerard Rohlfs expedition into the unknown part of the
"Western Egyptian or Lybian desert has been very successfully carried
through. The traveller was accompanied by Profs. Jordan and
Zittel, and Dr. Ascherson, of Berlin, as botanist. They left Siout on
17th December last, and reached the oasis of Farafrah on 29th, which
had not been visited by an European since Caillioud in 1 8 1 9. Leaving
the oasis on 3rd January this year they passed through a terribly
barren district to the large and rich oasis of Dakhel. From here the
expedition pushed out into the pathless and utterly unknown region
to the west, but after six days it was seen that progress in this
direction was impossible. A move to the north-westward was the^
made, and on the 20th February the caravan reached the oasis of
Jupiter Ammon, having been thirty-six days from Dakhel without
finding a single well — ^the iron tanks of Eohlfs containing sufficient
water to last all that period. The return journey was made by the
Oasis Parva and back to the Farafrah and Dakhel oases. The whole
expedition occupied four months and the extent of desert travelled was
1700 miles. Some account of the vegetation of this extensive tract
will be found in a letter from Dr. Ascherson, printed in the " Oesterr.
Bot. Zeitschrift " for August.

We hear that Mr. I. B. Balfour, son of the Professor of Botany at
Edinburgh University, will accompany the Government expedition for
observing the transit of Venus to the^ island of Bodriguez in the
Indian Ocean, as botanist. A geologist and a zoologist will also be
sent out.

In our number for June we mentioned the almost certain loss of the
Rev. Richard Thomas Lowe by the foundering of the steam-ship Liberia,
in the Bay of Biscay. The catastrophe happened in April last, and all the
persons on board, fifty-eight in number, are supposed to have perished.
He was bom on December 4, 1802, and in 1825 graduated B.A. at
Christ's College, Cambridge, as Senior Optinie, being ordained the
same year. Obtaining a travelling bachelorship and his health being
delicate, he in 1828 visited Madeira, and at once commenced to
examine the flora of the island, publishing in 1830 his accurate
** Primitiae Faunae and Florae Madera et Tortus 8ancti"-in the
Cambridge Philosophical Transactions. Two years after, he prepared

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288 BOTAHICAL HSWB.

a Taloable series of critical obseryatbns on Holl's Madeiran list, and
these were printed in the first volume of Hooker's Journal of Botany,
1834. He became English Chaplain in the island in 1832, and
remained there till 1854, in all twenty-six years, occasionally visiting
the neighbouring isles of the Canaries, and in 1859 the AMcan coast
at Mogador. During this period he published numerous papers,
chiefly on fishes and shells, in the Zoological Society's Proce^lings ;
and on botany in Hooker's Journal and elsewhere. The '* Novitias
FlorsB Maderensis" appeared in the Cambridge Phil. Trans, in
1838. Mr. Lowe's health being re-established, he on his return to
England, accepted the living of Lea in Lincolnshire, and soon set
about the preparation of a complete Flora, the first part of which was
published in 1857, under the title of " A Manual Flora of Madeira
and the adjacent islands of Forto Santo and the Dezertas." A second
part of this book was issued in 1862, a third in 1864, and two more
completing the first volume in 1868 ; one part only of the second
volume has been published so lately as 1872, the lamented author
being engaged on the remainder of the Gbmopetalous orders at the
time of his unexpected death. He had, during the progress of the
Flora, returned several times to Madeira with the double object of
visiting the English Church there and further investigating botanical
questions ; and his book is a remarkably accurate and minutely pains-
taking account of the vegetation of the group. It is greatiy to be
regretted that it is left thus unfinished, as there is probably no
botanist with the knowledge of the Madeiran flora which was pos-
sessed by Mr .Lowe.

Dr. Georg August Pritzel, Librarian of the Academy at Berlin,
died at Homheim, hear Kiel, on 14th June, after a long illness. He
was bom at Carolath, Silesia, on 2nd September, 1815. His indis-
pensable ** Thesaurus Literaturse BotanicsB," 1847-1851, and " Iconum
Botanicarum Index Locupletissimus," 1855, with Supplement, 1865,
have rendered his name very familiar to aU workiijg botanists. The
new edition of the former work remains still incomplete, having been
interrupted by the illness of its author three years ago,(after the issue
of the fourth part. Dr. Pritzel is said to have made an extensive
collection of German popular plant-names.

In accordance with the resolution passed at the special meeting of
the Linnean Society held March 5th (see p. 128), the Council Imve
submitted the questions which were lately so keenly discussed to a
" legal authority '* for his opinion. Lord Hatherley kindly consented
to adjudicate in the matter, and a copy of his opinion as well of the
case submitted to him will, we understand, be shortly in the hands of
aU the Fellows, having been already communicated to the President
and Council of the Society. Contrary to our expectation, Lord
5atherley holds that the repeal of the former Bye-laws relating to the
Librarian and the new enactment iire valid, not contrary to the
Charter and therefore binding on the Society. Sorry as we are at
this result, and injurious as we still think the now legalised altera-
tions, we have no doubt that a termination of the difficulty will be
welcomed by all.

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289

<@ngtnal %ttk\t0.

ON THE ALLIUMS OF INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN.

By J. G. Bazee, F.L.S.

HiTZNG lately attempted to classify the Alliums of the south-eastern
lialf of Asia, about which our handbooks are greatly in arrear of our
herbaria, and to compare them with the species of the Orient and
Siberia, I propose now to report the result, giving descriptions only
of those species which have not been intelligibly described already, and
references for the others.

As regards the general classification of this large and intricate
genus, it seems to me best to define seven groups, founded upon cha-
racters furnished by the bulbs, filaments, spathes, and direction of
perianth-segments in the expanded flower, as follows . —

Series A. Holobulbi. Bulbs separate, short ovoid, or globose.
Group 1. MoLiuH. Stamens all simple, spathe-valves short, not
tailed, perianth rotate when expanded.

Group 2. Caloscobdum. Stamens all simple, spathe-valves short,
not tailed, perianth campanulate at its fullest expansion, with filaments
inserted higher up than in the last.

Group 3. CoDONOPEASUM. Stamens all simple, spathe-valves with
a long distinct tail, usually much exceeding the umbel, perianth seg-
ments as in the last.

Group 4. PoEEUM. Filaments of the three inner stamens with
two long side cusps, overtopping the intermediate antheriferous one,
spathe-valves short, not taHed ; expanded perianth campanulate, as
in the two last.

Series B. Stnbulbi. Bulbs ccBspitose, long, ovoid-cylindrical,
often placed on a distinct rhizome, spathe-valves. not lengthened out
iato long tails.

Group 5. Anouikum. EiLaments simple, perianth-segments
spreading when fully expanded.

Group 6. RmziRiDiUM. Filaments simple, perianth permanently
campanulate, with the filaments springing from a distinct space above
the base.

Group 7. MicEOBOK. PiLament of inner stamen obscurely three-
toothed, perianth permanently campanulate.

Of these groups the only two represented in East Asia are Codo-
nopraaum and Porrww, which are almost restricted to Europe, North
Africa and the Orient, and scarcely extend beyond the Caucasus into
Siberia.

Group 1. MOLITTM.

1. A. E0BT7STU11, Kdr. et Kir,,, Kunth Ennm., iv., 446, 689;
Afghanistan, Griffith, 5813 ! 5818 ! ; -Kashmir, Falconer, 1101 ! ; £is-

N.S. VOL. 3. [OCTOBBE, 1874.] IT

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290 09 THB ALLimCS 01* IHBIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN.

troar, 8-10,000 ft., Dr, Thomson / ; Hook. fil. and Thorns., no. 18 !. Also
inhabits Songaria. Perhaps not distinct specifically from A, dectpiena,
Fisch. {A, tultpafolium, Led.)

Group 2. Caloscobduk.

(Characterised as a genus bj Herbert, Bot. Beg., zxxiii., tab. 5.)

* Heads not bulbilliferous ; leaves broad.

2. A. CASlPiUM, M.B., Kunth Enum., iv., 445. Afghanistan,
Griffith, 5819 ! ; Beloochistan, Stocks, 936 !. A plant of Siberia and
Turkistan.

3. A. LORATTTM, BakfiT, n.»p.— Bulbus parvus ovoideus, tunicis ex-
terioribus membranaceis palHde griseis. Folia 2-5 lorata basalia
acuta 6-9 polL longa medio 6-12 lin. lata supra basin angustata tenera
flaccida plana margine minute ciliata. Scapus gracilis teres 3-6-
pollicaris. Spathse valvae 2 ovatae acutae naviculares umbeUa breviores.
TJmbeUfiB 30-50-flora, baud bulbillifera pedicellis 3-6 lin. longis gra-
cilibus apice incrassatis. Perianthium albidum l|-2 lin. longum
diutine oampanulatum segmentis lanceolatis acutis, obscure brunneo-
carinatis. Stamina perianthio sequilonga, filamentis exterioribus
subulatis, interioribus, basi Unearibus. Stylus ovario triquetro-glo-
boso cequilongus. West Tibet, Alpine region, 10-14,000 ft.. Dr.
Thomson /. Of the Oriental species this comes nearest Ahaka (lati/olium,
Jaub. and Spach), and colcMci/olium, Boiss.

* * Heads not bulbilliferous, leaves narrow.

4. A. neeinifolium:. Baker, — Caloscordum nerinifolium, Serhert,
Bot. Reg. xxxiii., t. 5. Bulbus parvus oblongus tunicis exterioribus
albidis membranaceis . Folia 3 basalia anguste Unearia subglauca glabra
canaliculata 6-9 poll, longa 1 lin. lata. Scapus pedalis gracilis teres.
TJmbella laxe 15-20-flora baud bulbillifera. Spathae valvae parva
ovatae. Pedicelli inaequales 1 J-3 lin. longi. Perianthium infundibu-
lare 3-4 lin. longum, segmentis oblongis subaoutis saturate rabro-pu]>
pureis apice falcatis. Stamina perianthio triple breviora, filamentiB
Hnearibus. Stylus \ lin. longus apice tricuspidatus. Ovarium glo-
bosum ovidis in loeulo 3. Chusan, teste Herhert ; Toki, Pekin, Br.
Cantor, in Herb. Bentham !. A very distinct and handsome species,
said to be without any alliaceous scent.

5. A. EUBELLUM, M.B.,Kunth Enum,, iv., 399. — A. Jacquemonti,
Kunth Enum., iv., 399. — A. leptophyllum. Wall. Cat., 5073, a.
Beloochistan, Stocks, 1004 ! ; Afghanistan, ; Griffith, 5812, 5820 ! ;
"West Himalayas, temperate and sub-tropical region, 2-8000 ft. ; W.
8. Well, in Wall. Herh, 5073, a! Jacquemont, 138, Br. Thomson!,
Falconer, 1103 !, Edgeworth, 116 !, Aitchison, 1211 !. A widely spread
Siberian species.

6. A. Geiitithianttm, Boiss. Biagn., ii., iv., 117. Afghamstan,
Griffith, 5815! 5821 ! 5825 to 5828!; Beloochistan, Stocks, 10611;
Lahul, Jaschke, 94 !. Punjab, Salt range, &c., Aitchison, 549 ! ; Vic-
ray / ; Fleming, 88 !. Kashmir, 5-7000 ft., Br. Thomson I (Hk. fiL and
Thorn. Allium, no. 26), Edgeworth I. Also a plant of Kurdistan, and
apparently con-specific with the Persian A. vulcanicum, Boiss. Biag.

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Oir THB AIXIUMB OF INDIA, GHUTA, AUD JAPAN. 291

ziii., 33, and Biberian A. stenophyllumf Scbrenk. Led. Fl. Boss, iv.,
172.

♦ * Leaves narrow, heads usually bulbilliferous.

7. A. UMBiLiCATUM, Boi88. Btogn,^ ser. ii., pt. iv., p. 118. Af-
ghanistan, Griffith, 5814!. Fields in Upper Beloochistan, Stocks,
1006 ! Kesembles closely, as already remarked by Bissier, the bul-
billiferous forms of A. roseum,

8. A. CHiNENSE, G. Don Mon, 83; Kunth Enum., iv., 454. — A.
Thunbergii, G. Jhn Mon, 84 ; Miquel, Ann, Mus. Lug, Bat,, iii.,
p. 154 ; A. angustum, Hook, and Am., Bot, Beech,, 272, non G, Bon ;
A. nereidum, Hance, Ann, 8c, Nat., ser. 5, vol. v., p. 244. Univer-
sally spread, at any rate as a cultivated species, through Japan and
China. The following are the numbered specimens I have examined.
Japan, Oldham, 276 !, Wilford, 1026 ; Korean Archipelago, Old-
ham, 875!; Loo-Choo, C, Wright, S33 I ; Shanghai, Maingag, 410 \;
Formosa, Oldham, 564 ! (form without head-bulblets). Isle of Sam-
yet, Swinhoe! (Hance, 6509). Both Don's descriptions are too brief
to be of much use, but good ones will be found by Hance and Miquel,
as cited above, and in Maximo wicz, Prim. Amur., 284. The general
character of the plant is just that of pulchellum, from which the non-
bulbilliferous form differs mainly by its exserted stamens.

Group 3. Anquinum.

♦ Leaves broad.

9. A. viCTOBiALis, Zinn, — A. ellipticum, Wall. Cat,, 5069 ; Siinth
Emm,, iv., 456. Japan, 0, Wright !, Temperate and alpine region,
spread through the Himalayas, Kashmir, 8-10,000 ft., Thomson !, FaU
eoner, 1098!, Kumaon, 7500-13,000 ft., Strachey and Winterbottom/,
Ifepaul, Wallich/, Sikkim, 10-13,000 ft., Dr, Hooker/ There is
no ground for separating the Indian ellipticum from the European victo-
rialis, which is one of the most distinct of all the Alliums, and the
most widely-spread species, with the exception of Schcenoprasum, as
■it extends all the way from Portugal to Japan.

♦ ♦ Leaves narrow.

10. A. "WALUCHn, JSunth Enum,, iv., 443 — A. coeruleum. Wall.
Cat., no. 5076, non Pallas — A. violaceum. Wall. M88, Temperate
region throughout the Himalayas. West Himalayas, Falconer, 1086 f,
Royle !, Edgeworth ! ; Kumaon, 8500 ft., Strachey and Winterhottom !,
Blinkworth!; Nepaul, Wallich/, Sikkim, 9-12,000 ft., Br, Hooker/,
A very distinct plant with rootstock scarcely at all bulbous, long,
glabrous, flat narrow lorate persistent leaves, a lax ample flat-topped
umbel, and bright purple linear perianth-segments, reflexed when ex-
panded, like those of tul^afolium and rohustum. An endemic Hima*
Lay an species.

11. A. ODOBXiM, Zinn, ; Kunth Enum,, iv., 432. West Tibet,
alpine region, 10-14,000 ft., Br. Thomson; quite agreeing with the
Siberian plant well-known in botanic gardens.

12. A. TUBEKOSUM, Roxl,, Hort. Beng., p. 24; Fl. Ind., ii., 141 ;
Wall. Cat., 5068 I ; Eunth Enum,, iv., 454— A. B^xburghii, G. Don
Jfon, 91 ; Eunth Enum., iv., 454 — A. uUginosum, <?. Bon Mon, 60 ;

TJ 2

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292 OK THB AI.LIU1C8 OF HTDIA, OEIKA, AKD ^APAir.

Kunth Enum,j iv., 422 — A. senescenB, Mtquel, Ann. Mu$. Lug. Bat^
iii., 154» n(m Linn, Bulbi obliqui elongati cylindrici, radicibus
crassis numerosis tuniois exterioribus in fibras griseas solutis. Eolia
3-6 anguste linearia basalia plana glabra 6-12 poll, longa, 1-2 lin.
lata erecta. Scapus gracilis l-lj pedalis dimidio inferiori teres,
Bupeme anceps. Spatha ssBpissime univalvis parva lanceolata caduca.
Umbella],laxa 20-40-flora, nunquam bulbillifera. Pedicelli ascendentes
6-12 lin. longi. , Perianthium 2-2^ lin. longum, albidum vel obscure
rubelium, segmentis lanceolatis acutis vel obtusis flora expanse reflexis.
Stamina profunde perigyna inclusa fllamentis confSrmibus lineari-
subulatis. Ovarium obovoideo-globosum, profunde trilobum, apice
emarginatum, ovulis in loculo geminis. Stylis albidus vel rubellus
1 J-2 lin. longus, apice vix triouspidato. Spread through Japan, China,
and India, at any rate as a cultivated plant. Japan, Oldham^ 877 ! ;
Pekin, Dr. Cantor 1 ; Shanghai, Maingay, 390 ! ; South China, Hance,
245 ! ; Siam, Sir R. Schomhurgk, 326 ! ; Khasia, Griffith, 5822 ! 5831!
58321 Hook. fil. and Thorns, no. 6, T. Lohh I ; West Himalayas,
Royle I There is a good unpublished drawing of Koxburgh's in the
Kew collection, which clearly identifies his plant. The specimens in
the Wallachian herbarium are from the Madras garden, sent there
from the Moravian mission in Tranquebar. There seems to be no
ground whatever for separating uliginosum and Roxhurghii as species.

13. A. HooKEBi, Thwaites, Enum, Zeyh, p. 339. Khasia, 4-5000 ft.
Hook.JU. and Thorns, no. 7 !, Ceylon, 7000 ft., Thwaites C,R, 3659.
Leaf and general habit exactly as in the last, but perianth-segments
narrower and sharper, and outer bulb tunics membranous.

Group 4. Rhizieidhjm.

♦ Leaves terete.

14. A. ScHCENOPRAsuM, Z. Japan, C. Wright! ; West Himalayas,
Falconer, 1102 ! ; Kumaon, Sfraehey and Winterlottom 1 Spread from
Britain through Europe and Siberia to Canada.

15. A. TEinrissiMUM, L. Pekin, Br. Cantor !, Br. S. WiUiaml
(Bancef 11463). A Siberian species, of which A. anisqpodium o(
Ledebour can scarcely be counted more than a variety.

16. A. Stocksianum, JBoiss. Biag., ser. 2, p. iv., p. 117. Af-
ghanistan, Griffith, 5824 ! ; Beloochistan, Stocks, 993 !. A very dis-
tinct dwarf species, with rather large bright red flowers, the bulbs
coated with a dense mass of fine distinct pale brown fibres.

* * Leaves narrow flattened.

(Group of A. angulosum, Linn.)

♦ Stamens included.

17. A. siKKiMENSE, Baker, n,sp. Bulbi graciles elongati cylindrici,
fibris radicalibus gracilibus, tunicis exterioribus in fibras parallelafl
Bolutis. Folia 2-3 crebre superposita anguste linearia glabra canali-
culata 3-4 poll, longa, 1-1^ lin. lata soapo breviora. Scapus 3-6-
pollicaris gracilis flexuosus teres. Spatha univalvis brevis late ovata.
Umbella 6-15-flora densa pedicellis inaequalibus 1-3 lin. longis. Pe-
nanthium campanulatum 3 lin. longum segmentis lilacino-purpnreis
oblongis obtusis vel subacutis. Stamina perianthio triente brenora,

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ON 7HB AIXII7M8 OF UTDIA, CHDCA, AND JAPAIT. 5^3

fikmentis lilacinis snbnlatis basi lanceolatis. Ovarium globosum,
stylo IJ lin. longo incluso, ovtilis in loculo biius. Sikkim, 14,000 ft.,
Dr. Hooker! (Hk. fiL and Thorns, no. 13.). Intermediate in general
character between the 8mall^^ varieties of angulosum and Schano-
prasum.

18. A. SMfBNOvn, Regel, JEnum. Semenow.j p. 126. Temperate
and alpine region of the West Himalayas. Kashmir, Falconer !\
Kistwar, 7-10,000 ft., Thomson/ (Hk.. fil. and Thomson, no. 13);
between Baltul and Dras, Br. Henderson I (Yarkand expedition);
Garwhal, 11-12,000 ft., Strachey and Winterhottom 1 . This is a very
striking plant, gathered also by Semenow in Mongolia, with dense
head of flowers, like those of SeJumoprasum, but bright yellow, 2-3
stout leaves J-^ inch broad, and very long cylindrical caespitose bulbs.
It has been long known to Indian botanists, but never named.

19. A. GovANiANUM, Wall. Cat, no. 5071 — A. bundle, Kunfh
Enum.y iv., 443 — A. nivale, Jacquem, MSS. Temperate and alpine
region of West and Central Himalaya. Kumaon on Mount Chor,
Gavan and RoyU!, Edgeworth! ; Bactal, 8-12,000 ft.. Dr. Thomson!
(distributed by Bfk. fil. and Thomson as A, nivale), Gbxwhal,
11,000 ft., Strachey and Winterhottom! ; Simla, Well! ; Kashmir,
Falconer, 1099 ! 1107 I (a dwarf alpine form). South side of Kotary
Pass, Jaschke, Pir Panjal, Jacquemont, 533. An endemic Himalayan
species, well described by Kunth from dwarfed specimens. It is
closely allied to odorum in bulb, leaves and flowers, but the segments
of the perianth are less spreading.

20. A. MACEANTHTJM, Baker, n. sp, — Bulbus ignotus. Folia 3.
Crebre suprabasalia anguste linearia erecta glabra canaliculata ^cuta
6-9 poll, longa 1^ lin. lata. Scapus anceps gracilis sub-pedalis.
Spatha caduca, umbella laxe 8-12-flora, pedicellis apice cemuis 6-9
Jin. longis. Perianthium saturate purpureum 4-5 lin. longum segmen-
tis oblongis obtusis 2 lin. latis diutine imbricatis, linea dorsali satura-
tion. Filamenta ad basin subulata, segmentis vix breviora. Ovarium
globosum minutum. Stylus 4-5 lin. longus exsertus, apice stigmatoso
capitate. Sikkim near Lachen, alpine region, 13,000 feet, Dr.
Hooker, Ko. 9 !. For the want of bulbs and spathes in the three only
examples this cannot be fully described ; but so far as material goes it
closely resembles A. nareisstfolium, Vill., of Dauphin6 and Piedmont,
the handsomest of all our European species.

* * Stamens exserted. Flowers yellow.

21. A. coNSANGUiNBTTM, KuMh Fnum., iv., p. 431. — Kashmir,
10,000 feet, Jacquemont 982!, Thomson! (Hk. fil. and Thomson,
No. 17). Represents, as already indicated by Kunth, the European
A. ochroleucum and suaveolens,

* * * Stamens exserted. Flowers red.

22. A. BiTBENS, Schrad,, Kunth Enum., iv., 427 — A. lilacinum,
Royle, HI, Him., p. 392 (nomen solum). West Himalayas, temperate
Tegion, Itoyle /, Falconer 1100 ! MuBBooree 6-7000 feet, Fdyeworth / ;
A Siberian species, often grown in botanic gardens.

23. A. Stracheyi, Baker, n.sp, — Bulbi csespitosi anguste^ovoidei
tnnicis exterioribus griseis obscure fibrosis supra collum longe pro-

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394 Oir THB ALLIUMS 07 IKDIA, CHDTA, AKD JAPAIT.

dnctis. Folia 3-4 crebre superposita angnste linearia glabra canalicu-
lata pedalia 1 lin. lata. Scapus gracilis pedalis flexuosus supeme
anceps. SpathsB valvae 2 parvaB deltoideae. Flores 6-20 in um-
bellam globosam congesti, pedicellis 1-3 lin. longis. Perianthium
oblongo-campannlatum 2-2J lin. longum saturate rubro-purpurenm,
segmentis oblongis obtusis diutine imbricatis. Stamina perianthio
sesqui longiora, filamentis lineari-subulatis, antberis oblongis rubellis.
OYarium globoso-trigonum, ovulis in loculo binis. Stylus 2-2J lin.
longus simplex. Kumaon, 12,000 feet, SUachey and WinterhoUom ! ;
Budrinatb, 10-11,000 feet, Edgeworth!. Habit completely of the last,
from which it differs by its much exserted genitalia. Royle mentions
by name an Allium longistamineum from Kunawar, of which I have
not been able to see specimens.

24. A. LoNGisTTLTJM, Baker, n.sp, — Bulbum non vidi. Folia 4 per
dimidiam inferiorem caulis longe superposita plana glabra anguste
linearia semipedalia 1} lin. lata. Caulis strichis pedalis supeme
multiangulatis. Spathae valvae 2 parvaB deltoideaB. Flores 20-30 in
capitulam globosam 1 poll, crassam conferti. Pedicelli 3-4 lin. longi.
Perianthium roseum campanulatum 2 lin. longum segmentis oblongis
obtusis diutine imbricatis. Stamina perianthio duplo longiora, fila-
mentis simplicibus lineari-subulatis. Stylus 3 lin. longus, ovarium
ovoideum; 5-6-plo superans. China borealis in itinere inter Pekin et
Jehol, Sir G, Staunton, in Herb. Mua, Brit. General habit of Indian
Stracheyi, from which it differs by its distantly superposed leaves and
longer genitalia.

25. A. EXSERTXJM, Baker. — Caloscordum exsertum, Herbert , Bot.
Reg.^ xxxiii., suit. 5. — Allium splendens, Migml, Ann. Mus., Lug. Bat.,
iii., 154, non Willd. Bulbi ovoidei caespitosi tunicis exterioribus albis
membranaceis. Folia 2-4 basalia erecta anguste linearia 6-9 poll,
longa, 1 lin. lata. Scapus ^1 pedalis gracilis teres. Spathae valvae
2 parvae deltoideae. Umbella laxe 6-30 flora, pedicellis 4-9 linl longis
apice turbinatis. Perianthium saturate rubro-purpureum . globoso-
campanulatum, segmentis oblongis obtusis 2-2i lin. longis, late im-
bricatis. Stamina perianthio sesqui longiora, fllamentis lineari-subu-
latis, antheris minutis oblongis. Stylus integer longe exsertus.
Capsula perianthio aequilonga, seminibus in loculo 1-2. China, in
ditione Kiangsi, Sir G. Staunton, in Herb. Mus. Brit. ! ; Japan, Old-
ham 422 ! ; Chusan, Fortune\02 ! ; Shantung, Maingay I ; Assam, Mn.
Mack I; Khasia, 4-5000 feet, Griffith 5833!; Sk. jil. and Thomson,
no. 8 !, T. Lohb. Nearest the last, but different by its basal leaves,
lax umbel, &c.

26. A. Thomsoni, Baker, n.sp. — Bulbi obliqui caespitosi ovoideo-
cylindrici, tunicis exterioribus duris castaneis. Folia 4-5 per tertiam
inferiorem caulis superposita glabra linearia camosa obtusa 6-9 poll,
longa 2-3 lin. lata. Scapus teres 1-2 pedalis rectis modioe crassus.
Spathae valvae albae deltoideae, umbella breviores. Flores 30-60 in
umbellum globosum conferti, pedicellis 1-4 lin. longis. Perianthium
oblongo-campanulatum 2-^-3 lin. longum saturate rubro-purpureum
segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis diutine imbricatis. Stamina
perianthio sesqui longiora filamentis lineari-subulatis, antheris minutis
oblongis. Ovarium globosum ovulis in loculo 2. Stylus longe exsertus.
West Tibet and Kashmir 8-14,000 feet, />r. Thomson! (Hk. fiL

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ON THE AWnTHS Of INDIA, CHINA, AKD JAPAN. 295

and Thom3., No. 19), Lance 279 !. Differs from the next in its more
slender habit, narrower leaves, and longer, more acute perianth-seg-
ments.

27. A. blandxtm:, Wall.y PL Asiat, Rar. t 260, JTwwM, Enum,^ iv.,
396. Alpine region of Tibet, 14-17,000 feet, Dr. Thomson !—dia-
tributed as **A. nutans?" — Strachey and WinUrhottom ! ; Piti,
Jacquemont I ; Lahul, Jaschka L Between Dras and Bactul, Hender-
son/, gathered also by Falconer 1105. A well-marked endemic
Himalayan species near senescens.

Group 5. MiCKODON.

28. A. aubioitlatitm:, Eunth, Unum., iv., 418. Kunawar, Jacque^
mont 1528 !. Very near the European A, atrictum, Schrad.

29. A. JT7N0SUM, Jacquem. MS 8, — ^A. stenophyllum., Walh,, Cat.
5073 B. Bulbi caespitosi elongati subcylindrici fibris pilosis densis
intricatis rubellis vestiti. Folia 3-6 erecta basalia subteretia glabra
persistentia J lin; lata 4-6 poll, longa. Scapus strictus teres gracilis
8-9 pollicaris. Spathae valva unica parva caduca deltoidea. Flores
20-40 in umbellam globosam congesti, pedicellis 1-3 lin. longis.
Penanthium lilacinum campanulatum 2-2} lin. longum, segmentis
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis vel subacutis. Stamina breviter exserta,
filamentis purpureis subulatis basi deltoideis, interioribus obscure
dentatis. Capsula obovoideo-globosa apice umbilicata. Stylus longe
exsertus. Tibet, alpine region, 12,000-16,500 feet, Thomson /, Hen-
derson / ; Strachey and Winterhottom I ; Piti, Jacquemont ! ; Ladak,
Aitchison! ; Simla, Lady Sarah Amherst, inMerl. Wallich!. May be
a variety of Siberian A. lineare, L. Dr. Aitchison thus describes its
use : ** Grows largely on the high hills of Ladak and used by the
natives. It is sold in the bazaars in the shape of balls, the whole
plant being mashed up into a semi-pulp and then made into a
a ball as big as the fist, to be used as a condiment. The balls are
Btrung through the middle and carried on a string/' (See also Koyle
lUust., p. 392-3.)

30. A. ASCALONicuM, L. — A. Sulvia., Hamilt., in D. Don Prod. Nep.
53. — Nothoscordum ? Sulvia, Kunth, £num., iv., 462. Bengal,
Griffith 5817 ! ; Punjaub, Aitchison 548 !. Probably in both cases cul-
tivated only. Differs from the other Microdons by its more spreading
perianth-segments.

31. A. Cepa, Linn., Wall. Cat., 2072. Beloochistan : "Wild
on Chehil Tun,'' Stocks, 1033 ! ; Afghanistan, Griffith 5S23 I ; Lahore,
Thofnson. Concan, Stocks / ; and seen from several other collectors,
none of whom give it expressly as indigenous. #

Besides these. Allium Porrum, which in my view is simply the
cultivated condition of of Allium Ampeloprasum, is contained in the
WaUichian Herbarium as No. 5074, from specimens gathered in
Kumaon by Blinkworth.

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296

KOBTH OB lAEM LAITCASHIBB.

NORTH OR .LAKE LANCASHIRE; A SKETCH OF ITS
BOTANY, GEOLOGY, AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

Bt Misb E. Hodgson.
{Concluded from page 277.)

Sedum purpur^mn, Tmseh. In a
wall near Haverthwaite.

8. anglicum, Suds. Hills above
the town, XJlverston; on
rocks everywhere, Seath-
waite Fells.

8. acre, Ztnn, Walls, frequent,
from shores upwards.

S. reflexum, Zinn, On an old
garden wall, Newfield,
Seathwaite.

S. mpestre, ffiuU. "Walls,
Broughton- in Fomess
(introduced).

Cotyledon umbilicus, Zinn, Long
observed on an old wall at
Arrad Foot, near XJlver-
ston ; (originally intro-
duced?)

Saxifraga stellaris, Zinn, Wry-
nose, a little to the south
of the Three Shire
Stones. 1250. Walna
Scar. 1225. Gr. SI. and
Por.

S. aizoides, Idnn, Cockley Beck
Fell, near the copper
mines. 700. Gr, SI. and
Por. {IVapAshf,) (Miss
Park.) Abundant onDobby
Shaw, Dunnerdale Fells.
8 or 900. Gr. SI. and Por.

6» granulata, Zinn, Dragley-
beck wood, ITlverston.

S. tridactylites, Zinn, "Walls,
frequent.

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium,
Zinn, Frequent in rills.

C. alternifolium, Ztnn, Kirkby.
[Mrs. "Wannop.l rare.

Adoxa Moschatellina, Zinn, Not
unfrequent in hedge
banks ; with two terminal

flowers, near Soutergate,
Kirkby.

Hedera Helix, Zinn,

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Zinn.

Sanicula europaeus, Zinn,

Eryngium maritimum, Zinn,
Fumess shores at Roose-
beck ; Isle of Walney.

Apium graveolens, Zinn, Salt-
marsh, Plumpton.

Helosciadium nodiflorum, IToch.
Not unfrequent in brooks.

^gopodium Podagraria, Zinn,
In an orchard at Bendron,
near Aldingham ; roadside
near the far lodge gate,
Conishead Priory.

Conopodium denudatum, ^och,

Pimpinella Saxifraga, Zinn,
Hampsfield FeU. 400. M.
Lime; Fumess shores at
Bardsea and Roosebeck.

Slum angustifolium. Zinn.

(Enanthe Lachenalii, GmeL Hum-
phrey Head marsh, Cart-
mel.

OS. crocata, Zinn, Brooks, fre-
quent.

Angelica sylvestris, Zinn.

Heracleum Sphondylium, Zinn.

Daucus Carota, Zinn,

maritimus, With. Plumpton

shore cliff.

Torilis anthriscus, Oaertn.

Anthriscus sylvestris, Hoffm.

ChsBrophyllum temulum, Zinn.

Myrrhis odorata. Scop. Frequent
near old halls and farm-
houses.

Sambucus nigra, Zinn. "Woods
and hedges, frequent.

Viburnum Opulus, Zinn. "Woods
and hedges, frequent.

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270BTH OB LATE LAKCASHIRB.

297

lonicera Periclymenum, Zinn.
Galium verum, Zinn.
Gt. cruciatuin, With.
G. palustre, Ztnn.

^Witheringii, 8m.

G. saxatile, Zinn.
G. Mollugo, Zinn.
G. sylvestre, Foil. Hampsfield

FeU.
6. Aparine, Zinn.
Sherardia arvensis, Zinn.
Aspemla odorata, Zinn.
A. cynanchica, Zinn. Hamps-
field PeU.
Valeriana dioica, Zinn. "Wet

woods and swampy ground,

not Tinfrequent.
V. officinalis, Zinn.

sambucifolia, Mik.

Yalerianella olitoria, Momeh.

Shores, not unfrequent.
V. dentata, Koch. Cultivated

fields.
Dipsacus sylvestris, Zinn. White

Ghyll wood, near Ulvers-

ton. [The Misses Ash-

bumer.J
Scabiosa succisa, Zinn. [White

flowers on Ulverston peat

mosses.]
S. columbaria, Zinn^
Knautia arvensis, Coult.
Leontodon autumnalis, Zinn.
Hypochaeris radicata, Zinn.
Lactuca virosa, Zinn.
L. muralis, Z.C. Boadsides

Grange, over sands.
Sonchus arvensis, Zinn.
S. asper, Hoffm.
Hieracium Pilosella, Zinn.
H. vulgatum, Fries.
H. boreale. Fries.
Taraxacum officinale, Wigg.
• laevigatum, DC. Sandhills,

north end. Isle of Wal-

ney.
Lapsana communis, Zinn.
Arctium Lappa, Zinn.
minus, Schkuhr. Eoadside,

Bigland Hill ; roadsides

above Penny Bridge.
^pubens, Bal.^ Roadside,

Bigland Hill ; Fumess

shores at Bardsea Hills.
Serratula tinctoria, Idnn. Hills

east of Backbarrow. 5 00.
Carduus tenuiflorus, Curt. Top

of Humphrey Head.
0. lanceolatum, Zinn.
C. palustris, Zinn.
C. arvensis. Curt.
C. heterophyllus, Zinn. Near

IN'ewby Bridge.
Carlina vulgaris, Zinn.
Centaurea nigra, Zinn.
^nigrescens, Willd. (?) Road-
side east bank of River

Crake.
C. Scabiosa, ZAnn, Fumees

shores at Roosebeck.
Bidens cemua, Zinn. Peat

ditches, Plumpton.
Eupatorium cannabinum, Zdnn.
Artemisia Absinthium, Zinn,

Lindeth wood, Rusland.
A. vulgaris, lAnn.
Gnaphalium dioicum, Zinn.

Highest ridge of Cartmel

FeU ; Dunnerdale Fells.
G. sylvaticum, Zinn. Hillsides

not unfrequent. Con.

Grits. M. Lime.
rectum, Sm. Lindeth wood,

near Pool Bridge.
G. uHginosum, Zdnn.
Filago minima, Fries. Wall-
tops north and south of

Ulverston ; on Foxfield

marsh.
F. germanica, ZAnn. Jacklands,

Low Fumess, abundant;

Roose beck. [Miss M. A.

Ashburner."]
Petasites vulgaris, Zesf. ilargins

of becks, not uncommon.
Tussilago Farfara, Zdnn.
Aster Tripolium, Linn. More-

cambe shores atGreenodd;

Dunnerholme ; Foxfield

marsh ; &c.
Solidago Virgaurea, Zinn. Woods

frequent ; Caw rocks,

Dunnerdale Fells.
Senecio vulgaris, Zinn.

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298

NOSIH 0& LAXS UJXOASmXE.

8. Jacobaea, Zinn.

S. aquatious, Suds.

S. saracenicuSy Angl. Comer of
a field, Old Hall estate,
Ulverston.

Inula Conyza, DC, "Waste places
near Newland ; &c.

Bellis perennis, Linn.

Chrysanthemum segetum, Linn.

C. Leucanthemum, Linn.

C. Parthenium, Pers. Face of
rocks, Furriess Abbey.

C. Tanacetum, Syme. Bardsea,
doubtfully wild there.

C. inodorum, Linn. Cultivated
fields.

^maritimum, Pers. Shores

from Grange westward.

Anthemis arvensis, Linn,

Achillea Ptarmica, lAnn.

A. Millefolium, Linn,

Campanula rotundifolia, Linn.

C. latifolia, Lirm. Lindale hill,
near Ellerhow, Cartmel.
[Mr. J. K. Hodgson.] Big-
land woods; wet hedges
about Stoney Crag, Ulver-
ston.

Jasione montana, Linn. Wall
tops Bouth, Eusland ;
Penny Bridge lanes.

Lobelia DortmaHna, Linn. Head
of Coniston Lake.

Erica Tetralix, Linn.

E. cinerea, Linn.

Calluna vulgaris, Salish.

Andromeda polifolia, Linn. An-
gerton moss. [Rev. F.
Malleson] ; Lreland moss.;
Roam moss; Stockbird
moss ; on all the good peat
tracts between Ulverston
and Haverthwaite.

Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn.

V. Oxycoccus, Linn. Kirkby
Moor.

Ilex Aquifolium, Linn. Woods
and hedge rows, rarely
flowering in the latter.

ligustrum vulgare, Linn. Fine
old trees overhanging a
ghyU, Penny Bridge ;

everywhere on the Plump-
ton rocks, both in the
woods and facing the shore.

Fraxinus excelsior, Linn.

Vinca minor, Linn. Legbarrow
wood, but near a cottage.

Gentiana Amarella, Linn. Hamps-
field FelL

G. campestris, Linn. Drylands,
Isle of Walney ; l^ewfield,
Seathwaite. [Mrs. Hodg-
son.]

Erythrsea Centaurium, Per$.
Marsh lands not unfre-
quent.

E. littoralis, IVies. Shore under
Humphrey head; Plump-
ton salt marshes.

E. pulchella, Fries. Low lying
pastures near Green Hills,
Plumpton. 25.

Menyanthes trifoliata, Linn.
Rowdsey wood; Urswick
Tarn; near the Three
Shire stones about springs
of the Brathay, but out of
reach in bog. 1270.

Convolvulus sepium, Zmn.
Hedges and woods not un-
frequent.

C. Soldanella, Linn.

C. arvensis, Linn. Tridley
Marsh.

Solanum Dulcamara, Linn. Not
unfrequent in hedge rows.

— ^marinum. Drylands, Isle of
Walney.

Atropa Belladonna, Linn.

Verbascum Thapsus, Linn.

V. virgatum, With. Roosebeck.
[Mr. R. Ashbumer.]

Veronica spicata, Linn.

V. arvensis, Linn.

V. serpyllifolia, Linn.

y. Anagallis, Linn. Bardsea
mill-pond ; LightbumPark,
Ulverston : not common.

V. Beccabunga, Linn.

y. ofiicinalis, Linn. Frequent;
corolla pink on Cartmel
FeU.

y. Chamaedrys, Linn.

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NOBTfl OB LAEB LAITCASHIBX,

299

V. agrestis, lAnn,
Bartsia Odontites, Euds,
Euphrasia officinalis, Linn.

gracilis, Fries, l^ear Goats

water. [Mr. J. K. Hod^
son.] Mungeon, Cartmel;
purple flowered.
IRhinantlius Crista-galli, Idnn,
Melampyrum pratense, Linn,
Pedicnlaris palustris, Linn,
P. Bylvatica, Linn,
Scropliularia nodosa, Linn.
Digitalis purpurea, Linn. Old
Hall hedges; also near
Haverthwaite ; corolla
white ; Kosshead fields,
dialysis of the corolla.
Linaria vulgaris, Mill, Not un-
common in hedge rows and
woods.
MimuluB lutetMy Linn, Bardsea
mill-pond, but near gar-
dens.
Verbena officinalis, Linn, Near
]Srewland,Ulverston. Bann.
81.
Mentha aquatica, Linn. Common.

^hirsuta, Linn, Plumpton,

Ulverston.
M. sativa, Linn, "Wet meadows by
Little Langdale Tarn; a
form very near rttdra found
by the edge of the river
Crake.
M. arvensis, Linn, Stubble-fields,
Pennington ; and othet
places.
Thymus Serpyllum, Linn,
Origanum vulgare, Linn,
Calamintha Cfinopodium, Spenn,
Teucrium Scorodonia, Linn,
Ajuga reptans, Linn,
Laniium album, Linn, Generally

found near habitations.
L. purpureum, Linn,
L. incisum, Willd, By Seawood

farm-house, Bardsea,
Galeopsis Tetrahit, Linn,
Stachys Betonica, JBenth.
S. palustris, Linn,
S. sylvatica, Linn,
S. arvensis, Linn.

Nepeta Glechoma, JBenth,

Marrubium vulgare, Linn, By
Jacklands Tarn.

Prunella vulgaris, Linn,

Myosotis palustris, Ldnn. River
sides ; edges of ponds ;
peat trenches.

M. repens, Don, On Legbarrow,
near Penny bridge ; Cart-
mel Pell; Walna Scar,
above the quarries.

M. arvensis, Hoffm,

M. versicolor, Lekm, On walls,
Colton.

Lithospermum officinale, Linn,
About Plumpton; on the
beach at Bardsea.

Mertensia maritima, Don,

Borago officinalisy Linn, Waste
ground about Aldingham.

Lycopsis arvensis, Linn,

Anchma semper vvr ens y L, On
rubbishheaps, Swarthmoor
HaU.

Cynoglossum officinale, Linn, In
places by the shores.

Pinguicula vulgaris, Linn, About
springs on the hills ; Three
Shire stones ; peat mosses,
Plumpton.

Utricularia vulgaris, Linn, TJrs-
wick Tarn.*

Primula vulgaris, Huds,

^hybrids, and double corollas,

frequent in woods, espe-
cially on limestone.

P. veris, Linn,

Hottonia palustris, Linn, Bard-
sea mill-pond.

Lysimachia vulgaris, Linn, Wet
hedges near Urswick Tarn ;
Brathay woods near the
lake.

L. Ifummularia, Linn. Bardsea
mill-pond ; Pullwyke, near
Brathay HaU. [Mr.

Stalker.]

L. nemorum, Linn, Woods near
Graythwaite; Old Hall
wood, Ulverston.

Anagallis arvensis, Linn, Pre-
quent. Roosebeck (purp-

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300

KOSTH OB LAEB LiJ^CiJHIBX.

lisli blue), [Mr. Robert
Ashburnerj'un.]; (reddish
brown), wall tops, Colton.

A. tenella, Linn. Little Croft
Park ; Ligbtbum at the
spring; peat mosses, Ul-
verston ; Gillbanks, Ul-
verston.

Samolus Valerandi, Ztnn, Seve-
ral places along the Plump-
ton shore, between the
canal foot and Tridley
Point.

Glaux maritima, Idnn, Salt-
marshes, Plumpton, to
Isle of Walney.

Armeria maritima, Auct Salt-
marshes, frequent.

Statice Limonium, Zinn, Once
frequent about the shore
at Salthouse, near Barrow
in Fumess.

S. Bahusiensis, Fries, On the slate
rocks, Greenoddjshore.

S. binervosa, G. K 8m. Salt-
marsh between Tridley
and Greenodd, abundant.

Plantago major, Zinn.

P. lanceolata, Linn.

P. maritimaj Zinn. Pool Bridge,
Eusland ; on the beach at
Grange.

P. Coronopus, Zinn. Round the
shores of Isle of Walney.

Chenopodium album, Zinn.

C. Bonus-Henricus, Zinn.

Atriplex Babingtonii, Woods.
Morecambe shore at Green-
odd ; Eoosebeck, half
buried in sand.

A. hastata, I^nn. Near TJrswick
Tarn.

A. patula, Zinn.

angustifolia, Sm, Shores at

Humphrey head and
Roughholme.

Salsola Rali, Zinn, Roosebeck
shores. [Miss M. A. Ash-
bumer.]

Suseda maritima, Dum. Plump-
ton salt-marsh. [Miss M.
A. Ashbumer.]

Salicomia herbacea, Zinn.

^procumbens, Sm. Salt-marsh

at Greenodd; salt-marsh
at Foxfield on the Dud-
don.

Polygonum Bistorta, Zinn. Not
unfrequent in damp mea-
dows.

P. amphibium, Zinn. TJrswic's
Tarn, leaves floating.

— — terrestre. Near TJrswick
Tarn; Plumpton hedges,
stem four feet high.

P. lapathifolium, Zinn. Culti-
vated fields, also in woods,
frequent.

P. Persicaria, Zinn.

P. Hydropiper, Zinn. Woods,
plantations, peat mosses,
frequent.

P. aviculare, Zinn.

P. ConvolvTilus, Zinn.

Rumex crispus, Zinn.

R. obtusifolius, Aitct.

R. Acetosa^ Zinn.

R. Acetosella, Zinn.

Daphne Mezereum, Zinn. Said
to have been found by
wood- cutters in Colton
woods, and replanted in
their cottage-gardens ; a
single root was found in a
thicket near Mansriggs
Hall, but very doubtftilly
wild.

Empetrum nigrum, Zinn. Kirkby
moor.

Euphorbia Helioscopia, Zinn.

JS. Cyparissias, Zinn. By Jack-
lands Tarn. [Since com-
pleting my list for the
press, I have been in-
formed that this old clay-
pit once belonged to a
gardener.]

E. Peplus, Zinn.

Mercurialis perennis, ZAnn.

Urtica dioica, Zinn.

Parietaria officinalis, Zinn.

diffusa, Koch. Old lime-
stone walls near Ulverston ;
Humphrey head.

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KOBTH OE LiJ£B LAKCASHimB.

301

Humulus Lupulus, Zinn. In
hedges and on rubbish by
beck sides, but seldom seen
far from houses.

Ulmus montana, 8m. "Woods,
hedges, and plantations
frequent.

Quercus Robur, Zinn.

^pedunculata, Uhrk Woods,

hedges, and plantations,
frequent.

Fagus sylvatica, Ztnn, Woods,
hedges, and plantations.

Corylus Avellana, Ztnn.

Alnus glutinosa, Zinn. Wet
woods and hedges, fre-
quent.

Betula alba, Zinn. Woods,
hedges, and plantations.

^pubescens, Ehrh. Bogs at

Stribers, near Hayer-
thwaite.

Castanea vulgaris, Zam. Large
tree bank of river Crake,
near the mill; two trees
seen in Yewdale.

PopuluB alba, Zinn. Oraythwaite
woods.

P. tremula, Zinn. A very old
looking, weather-beaten
tree on Plumpton peat
moss.

P. niffra, Zinn. Half a mile from
the tremula station, near
the peat-moss ; elsewhere
frequently planted.

Salix pentandra, Zinn. Occa-
sionally seen from Isle of
"Walney to Dunnerdale
FeUs.

S. fragilis, Zinn. Poxfield on
the Duddon ; side of Tew-
dale beck; Colton beck
Bridge; a very fine tree
near Greenodd, another on
Plumpton groimd, but
scarcely a common willow.

S. alba, Zinn. Bigh Tilber-
thwaite. 500. Hill Top
fields, Ulverston.

S. purpurea, Zinn. By the canal-
feeder, Ulverston.

S. viminalis, Zinn. Common
hedge-row willow, in low
damp grounds.

8. Smithiana, Willd. By the
canal-feeder ; Lishman's
lane, Ulverston; l^ewland
vale, near Ulverston.

rugosa, Sm. Lawyers wood,

Ulverston.

8. cinerea, Zinn. This with its
three varieties is very
common from Isle of Wal-
ney to the north confines
of Lancashire.

8. aurita, Zinn. Hedge rows on
higher groimds.

8. caprea, Zinn. As common as
cinerea.

8. repens, Zinn. Isle of Walney
frequent ; Greenscow.

[Mr. J. K. Hodgson.]

Mjrrica Gale, Zinn. Seathwaite
Fells, abundant; on all
the peat mosses of lower
grounds.

Pinus sylvestris, Zinn. Planta-
tions.

Juniperus communis, Ztnn.'[ Moors
and hills, frequent.

^nana, Willd. Dobby Shaw,

Dunnerdale Fells; top of
Humphrey head.

Taxus baccata, Zinn. ^ In the old
woods of Plumpton and
Kowdsey.

Spiranthes autumnalis, Rich. On
the limestone common near
Baycliff, 8.W. of Ulvers-
ton. [Rev. R. Rolles-
ton.]

Neottia Nidus-avis, Eieh. Rowd-
sey wood. This good old
botanical ground has be-
come of late years almost
devastated by innumerable
picnic parties resorting
thither in quest of the lily
of the valley, and the fly
orchis, roots of the latter
being taken by fifties. It
is at length closed against
the public.

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302

VOBTS OB LAXB LAKCAEHIBX.

Listera ovata, Br,

Orchis Morio, Linn.

0. mascula, Linn.

0. latifolia, Linn.

0. maculata, Linn.

0. conopsea, Linn.

Habenaria bifolia, Br.

— — chlorantha, Bah. The more
usual form.

H. viridis, Br. On limestone or
clayey ground, not unfre-
quent.

H. albida, Br. About Newfield,
Seathwaite; many places
along the rocky banks of
the Duddon.

Ophrys muscifera, Huds.

Iris Pseudacorus, Linn.

Crocus vemus, Linn, Covering
whole meadows near old
halls.

Narcissus hijlorua, Curtis. Near
old halls.

N. pseudo-narcissus, Linn. Very
abundant in many places.

Galanthus nivalis, Linn. Near
houses and old halls.

Allium Soorodoprasum, Linn.
Plentiful at the old station
Pool bridge, Eusland,
where it covers a consider-
able .part of a meadow
bordering the pool or es-
tuary; it is liable to be
mown down with the hay
before flowering.

A. SchoBUoprasum, Linn. Nearly
gone from the old station
on Cartmel Fell, the result
of drainage probably ; but
abundant higher up ii;i
a bog remote from the
road.

A. ursinum, Linn.

Ornithogalum umhettatum, Linn.
Orchards.

Hyacinthus non-scriptus, Linn.
Vars. : white and rose-
coloured, Beckside wood,
near TJlverston. [Mrs.
Jackson.]

Narthecium ossifragum, Huda.

Boggy spots on the hills,
frequent.

Asparagus of&cinalis, Linn. I
gathered leaf-specimens of
this on the shore rocks at
Grange; but owing to
these rocks being often
sanded up, I have not
again seen it in the flower-
ing time.

ConvaUaria majalis, Linn. 'Sexr
thePark, N.W.ofDalton.
[Mrs. Hart Jackson.]

Paris quadrifolia, Linn. Frequent
in woods.

Tamus communis, Linn. Seawood
near Bardsea. [Mr. James
Hodgson.] Boad sidei
above Grange; face of
Humphrey head; Plump-
ton woods ; Legbarrow,
near Penny Bridge.

Elodea canadensis, Bich. Foot
of Windermere, at Newby
Bridge, entangled w^
Ranunculus peltatus.

Alisma Plantago, Linn.

A. ranunculoides, Linn. Peat
ditches, Plumpton.

Triglochin maritimum, Linn.
Shores from Plumpton to
Greenodd ; under Humph-
rey head; Grange shore
rocks.

T. palustre, Linn. Pool Bridge;
frequent in wet meadows.

Potamogeton crispus, Linn.

^polygonifolius, Pourr. Very

frequent.

fluitans. Kirkby moor.

Lemna minor, Linn.

Arum maculatum, Linn. Hedge
banks, frequent.

Sparganium simple?, Huds. In a
spring by Humphrey head.

S. ramosum, Huds. Urswick
Tarn ; Drylands, Isle of
Walney.

Typha angustifolia, Linn. Urs-
wick Tarn. [I am much
indebted to Mrs. Satter-
thwaite, and her sbter

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FOBTH OE LAXB LAITCASHIBS.

803

Miss Keale, of TJrswick ; as
also to Mrs. and Miss
Jackson for their com-
bined help in securing the
almost unreachable plants
of TJrswick Tarn.]

Juncus communis, Mey.

oonglomeratus, Linn, Pre-

quent.
c ffasus,, Linn, Frequent.

J. glaucus, Sihth. Frequent.

J. maritimus, 8m, Humphrey
head salt marsh.

J. acutiflorus, Ekrh, Frequent.

J. lamprpcarpus, Ehrh, Fre-
quent.

J. obtusiflorus, Ekrh, Fumess
shores, at Greenodd.

J. Bupinus, Moench, Frequent.

J. bufonius, Linn, Frequent.

J. squarrosus, Linn^ Frequent.

Luzula sylvatica, Bich. Colton
beck wood; Old Hall
wood.

L. campestre, Willd.

L. multiflora, L&j, Grassy knolls
and hills, frequent.

Rhynchospora alba, VaU, Birks
Bridge, Seathwaite ;

spongy bogs, Kumpton.

Scirpus lacustris, lAnn, IJrswick
Tarn.

S. maritimus, Linn^ Pool Bridge.

8. palustris, Linn, Mill-pond,
Bardsea ; TJrswick Tarn.

S. pauciflorus, Lightf, Plump-
ton salt marsh.

S. caespitosus, Linn, Near Birks
Bridge ; and other places
in Dunnerdale Fells.

Eriophorum vaginatuni, Linn,
Peat-bogs and marshes
from head of Morecambe
round to the Duddon ; by
Seathwaite Tarn.
' E. polystachyon, Linn, Ireland,
moss, near Haverthwaite.

— -— angustifolium, Hoth, On
Cartmel Fell; Newfield
Seathwaite ; Plumpton
salt-marsh ; Eoam peat
moss; Foxfieldmoss.

Garex stellulata, Good^

C. remota, Linn, Stoney Crag
wet hedges.

C. arenaria, Linn, BiggarBank,
Isle of Walney.

C. disticha, Htida, Grassy slopes
in front of Grange.

C. vulpina, Linn, Ditches near
Humphrey head; Isle of
Walney ; near Pool Bridge.

C. teretiuscula, Good, TJrswick
Tarn.

C. vulgaris. Fries:

C. acuta, Linn, TJrswick Tarn.

C. flava, Linn, Cartmel Fell;
Seathwaite; Isle of Wal-
ney ; banks of the Duddon ;
Walua Scar.

^lepidocarpa, Tansch. Bog

between Eamse Point and
North Scale, Walney ;
banks of the Duddon, Sea-
thwaite ; Yaud Mire, •
Dunnerdale FeUs.

C. extensa, Good, Foxfield
marsh.

C. pallescens, Linn, About New-
field, Seathwaite.

C. fnlva. Good, Between North
Scale and Eamse Point.

C. binervis, Sm, North side of
Hoad, TJlverston ; Mun-
geon, Cartmel.

C. panicea, Linn,

C. sylvatica, Huds. Old HaU
wood.

C. glauca. Scop,

C, praecox, Jacq, Dry grassy
knolls and hills, TJlverston.

C. hirta, Linn, Kough pastures,
Isle of Walney.

C. vesicaria, Linn, Bull-coppice
beck, Newfield.

C. paludosa, Good, Tridley Point
salt marsh ; TJrswick Tarn.

Phalaris arundinacea, Linn.
Mansriggs wood by the
beck; Newland beck;
Bardsea millpond ; river
Leven at Lowwood;
scarcely to be regarded as
very common.

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304

VOBXS OE LAXM LAJTCASHIBS.

Anthoxanthiuii odarataniy Ztimt.
Phleam pratense, Litm.
Alopecanu prateooB, Zmm,
AgrottiB canina, Zum. TJnd^
ElanHill, UlTentan, on the
roadside.
A. TulgariB, With.
— — pumila, Ziffhtf. Hedgeside
Green Moor Honse lane,
Pennington. 275. Hilly.
Ammophila amndinacea, Hogt
West coast of Walney;
Moreqambe shores at Boose
beck.
Arondo Phragmites, Linn. JJtb*
wick Tarn ; Humphrey
head ; hedges between
Old Holebeck and Leece ;
ditch sides near XJlverston.
Aira casspitosa, Linn. Walna
Scar. 1400. Kansriggs
wood ; Colton Beck
wood ; Fell Foot, Winder-
mere; by the Canal
Feeder, Dlverston.
A. flexuosa, Zinn. Walna Scar ;
Dobby Shaw; Birkdault
quarry ; near Haver-
thwaite ; Old Hall Wood.
A. prsBcox, Zinn. Everywhere
on the crags, Dunnerdale
Fells ; and hilly districts
nearer "Dlverston.
Avena pubescens, Zinn. South-
end of Biggar Bank, Wal-
ney; near Park, Dalton.
A. flavescens, Zinn. Hedges of
cultivated fields near XJl-
verston.
Arrhenatherum avenaceum,

£eam. Hayfields, "Dlver-
ston.
Holcus lanatus, Zinn. Frequent.
Triodia decumbens, Beam. Be-
tween Horrace and High
Rake, north-west of XJl-
verston. 750.
Melica uniflora, Eetz. Woods,

frequent.
Molinea cserulea, Mcench. An-
gerton moss on the Dud-
don.

Olyceria flnitans, Br. Stoney-

ciag beck, in the meadow.

— -plicata, IHes. XJnder Mary

Bank, Dalton.
Poa annna, Zinn. Walna Scar.
P. pratensis, Zinn.
P. trivialis, Zinn. Both frequent.
Biiza media, Zinn. Barren pasr
tures amongst whin; undu-
lated craggy ground above
Penny Bridge, frequent.
Cynosurus cristatus, Zinn. Low-
lying peat ground, and
hiUs frequent.
Dactylis glomerata, Zinn.
Festuca ovina, Zinn. West coast

of Walney.
F. pratensis, B[^ud». Cartmel
Fell ; about the Flan,
XJlverston.
F. gigantea, Vill. Fnder Hum-
phrey head; Colton Beck
Bridge, in the wood.
Bromus sterilis, Zinn. Bake

lane, XJlverston.
B. mollis, Zinn. Shores; and

Idlly woods.
Brachypodiumsylvaticum, Beam.
XJnder Humphrey head;
near Penny Bridge.
Triticum caninum, Huds. Mans-

riggs Wood.
T. repens, Zinn. Colton Beck

wood ; beach at Bardsea.
T. junceum, Auot. Fumess

shores at Boose Beck.
Lolium perenne, Zinn.
Z. italicum, Braun. Old Hall

wood, "Dlverston.
Nardus stricta, Zinn. Very fre-
quent on the hills and fells.
Ceterach officinarum, Willdl Old
walls about l^ewland ; but
it may be a question
whether it was not origi-
nally introduced.
Polypodium vulgare, Zinn.
P. Phegopteris, Zinn. ^Occasion-
ally seen in hedges, and
ghylls; abundant J in
Bowdsey wood.
P. Dryopteris, Zinn. Hedges

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NOETH OB LLKB LANCASHIRE.

305

near Ulverston; Lawyers
wood, Ulverston, butmach
dug up from former old
stations.

P. Robertianum, Hoffm, Hamps-
field Fell. [Mr. Ion
Douthwaite,]

Allosorus crispus, Bemh, Spar-
ingly on the slate hills
above Ulverston ; luxu-
riant on the fells.

Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. In
old walls and on commons ;
more abundant where the
rock is limestone,

Polystichum aculeatum, Roth. In
high old hedges of narrow
lanes, Low Fumess.

P. angulare, Newm. Sparingly
near Ulverston, attaining
greater luxuriance in ghylls
and. lanes further south,
especially near Gleaston.
[Mr.' and Mrs. Hodgson.]

LafltreaThelypteris,PrM/. Rowd-
sey wood.

L. Oreopteris, Presl. Sparingly
on the hills and moors;
luxuriant on the fells.

I. Filix-mas, Presl, Typical
form frequent everywhere.

- — Borreri, Newr^, Hist. In
shady hedges and woods,
not scarce.

L. spinulosa, Preil, Rowdsey wood.

L. dilatata, Presl. Shady hedges
and woods, frequent.

L. fiemula. Brack, In some of
the Kirkby moor ghylls
which decline into the
Duddon. [Mr. B. Waites
and Mr. J. K. Hodgson.]

Athyrium Filix foemina. Roth.
Frequent in moist hedges
and woods.

Asplenium viride, Hud%, Goath-
waite Moor slate quarries,
and crags above. [Mrs.
Woodbume, Thurstonville.]

A. Trichomanes, Linn. Rocks
and old walls, frequent.

A. marinum, Linn. Ruins of File
Castle, Pile Island, mouth
of Morecambe.

A. Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. At-
taining great luxuriance
on shady walls ; stunted
on exposed rocks.

A* Ruta-muraria, Linn. Old
walls, not common ; lime-
stone rocks, frequent.

Scolopendrium vulgare, Sym.
Hedges, walls, and rock-
fissures, very frequent.

Blechnum boreale, Sw, Sparingly
in hedges and woods, abun-
dant on damp fells.

Pteris aquiUna, Linn.

Hymenophyllum Wilsoni, Hook.

Osmunda regalis, Linn, A good
deal dug up by dealers
from springs on the hills,
Ulverston ; Plumpton, low
hedges ; Rowdsey, ditches
and woods.

Botrychium Lunaria, Sw, Rowd-
sey wood ; Old Hall fields ;
and other ground with a
clayey soil.

Ophioglossum vulgatum, Linn.
On the clayey pasturages
of Swarthmoor, near Ul-
verston, sparingly.

Lycopodium clavatum, Linn,
Moors and fells, frequent.

L. alpinum, Linn, Moors and
fells, less frequent.

L. Selago, lAnn, Moors and fells.

Equisetum arvense, Linn,

E. palustre, Linn, Wet meadows,
Plumpton; by the railway
bridge, Tridley marsh.

E. limosum, Linn, Seathwaite
Tarn. [Mrs. Hodgson.]
Urswick Tarn.

fluviatile, Linn, Urswick

Tarn Beck.

E. hyemale, Linn, In a wooded
ghyll near Penny Bridge.
[Mr. Gabriel BainiJ

Chara fragilis, Dew. Urswick
Tarn.

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306 SHOBT NOTES.

SHORT NOTES.

A NEW Station fob Ekica Mackayana. — Hitherto this rare heath
has been observed only in the vicinity of Craigga-more Hill, and thence
westward along the road leading to Clifden. It will therefore he
interesting to record a second Irish locality, which is situated about
eight miles to the south of Craigga-more. On August Slst I found
Eriea Maekat/ana, in its most typical form, growing in moderate abun-
dance a little east of the newly-built police barrack at Gama. Here
it grows in fair quantity along the mountain heath on the way to
Lough Sheedagh, and is, as usual, associated with M-ica Tetrdix,
On the same ground I gathered some of the forms which appear inter-
mediate between E. Machayana and E, Tetralix, and which seem to
give some reason for uniting the two plants. These intermediates
are much more plentiful about Craigga-more and are very variable,
forming, as it seems to me, a nearly complete series from E, Tetrdix to
E, Maekayana, I could not find any trace of E, ciliaris at Carna,
though possibility of its occurrence fiiere was kept in mind. Airt
ultffinosa extends, on the wet mozij bogs and margin of lakes,
throughout Connemara, from Clifden to Oughterard; and Junm
dhtuiifiarus is its frequent companion. We found NaiMflexiln again
sparingly in Lough Creg-Duff, and, as before, in this lake only.— A.
G. More.

New Station ior Wolpfia arrhiza, Wimm. — I found this day
(September 8th) in quantity on Barnes Common, in a ditch which
bounds the heath to the north, and which ditch the Hammersmith
road crosses at its point of contact with the common. Search the
trench 100 yards westward of this spot. The Wolffia is associated
with both Z&mna ^ihha, L., and Z. polyrrhitOy L. This station seems
worth record as extending the range of the species in Surrey, as
admitting of precise localisation, and as bringing Wolffia within easy
roach of provincial botanists whose time in town is limited. One can
reach the spot indicated above on foot from either Putney or Ham-
mersmith Bridge under half an hour. Barnes Common yields other
plants of interest — Ca/rex axillans, Good., C PMeudo-cyperw, L.,
Polygonum nUte^ Schrank, Teesdalia, Acorus, Catahrosay Mentha FtHe-
ffium, L., Centaurea Calcitrapa, L., and other nice things.— J.
Lbiobstbb Warbbn.

Malva borbalis, WaiUm,^ ts East Cornwall. — Last August I was
surprised to find some dozens of plants of this Mallow close to the
village of Antony, East Cornwall, about four miles from Plymouth.
They were growing rather thickly together on each side of the
entrance to a small court, on one side of which are some pig-styes, by
the road leading from the village to Screasdon Fort. The spot is jnst
similar to those in which Malva rotundifoUa is generally seen about
Plymouth ; for here it is near human habitations that it is to be found,
as Mr. Mansel-Pleydell says is likewise the uase in Dorset. Possibly,

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SHOBT NOTES. 307

however, Maka horealis was first brought to the locality with com or
some other food supplied to the horses employed ou the works when
Screasdon Fort was being erected several years ago. Syme says of this
species in Eng. Bot., ed, 3, vol. ii., p. 169 : ** Said to have been found
at Hythe, in Kent, in Hudson's time, and the figure in * English
Botany' was drawn from a plant raised from the seed of a specimen
communicated by Hudson to Pelham.* The evidence for its occur-
rence is by no means satisfactory ; but as it occurs in Scandinavia and
North Grermany, it is very likely to occur in Britain; while, on the
other hand, from its great similarity to M, rotundtfoUa, it is extremely
liable to be overlooked." Under these circumstances I cannot but
think the present occurrence of the plant at Antony of considerable
interest. It has quite the appearance of having been there at least
some years. — T. R. Aecher Beiggs.

Gallttbichb obtusangxtla,' Ze Gal,^ is Sussex. — I am able to
connect the Kent and Wight records of this species by adding
** lorackish ditches three-quarters of a mile west of Lower Lancing,
and about due south of where the ninth mile out of Brighton on the
London, Brighton, and South Coast Bailway is marked on the Ordnance
map." I gathered the specimens in August last year, and till en-
lightened by Mr. Duthie's specimens from Deal (kindly given me by
a friend), held this Lancing Callitrichi to be extreme " vernal My
specimens are intermixed with very decided ZanniehelUa pedicillatay
Fries., which, added to our previous information about this plant's
distribution in England, seems to indicate a littoral tendency.— -J. L.

At a meeting of the Leeds Naturalists' Field Club and Scientific
Association, on September 15th, Mr. James Abbott mentioned that he
had gathered Butomtu umhellatm in flower at Kirkstall, on September
12th. The plant had not been noted in the Leeds district for upwards
of twenty years past, when it grew in a small stream at the foot of
Batty Wood, Woodhouse Bidgp. — ^W. Dbiteson Eoebucx.

RxjMEX STLVESTMS, Wallr,, m Hebts. (See p. 280.) — I have again
visited the locality in which Rumex syhestrU occurs, and found it in
three places in the brickfield, which is a very large one. The plants
noticed were typical syhestrit. It may be interesting to mention that
jR. conglomeratmy R, Frimi, R, pratenais, R. crispus, and R, JSydrola-
pathum grow in the same field. R, conglomeratus grows quite^ near to
R, syheatriSf which gives some support to the view entertained by
Meisoner, that the latter may be a hybrid. — Thomas B. Blow.

* A misprint for *«Relhan.»'— -Et?. Joum. Bot,

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308 8SED-8TBUCT17RB OF R^FFLBSIACBJB AUD HrDNOBACR£.

ON THE STRXJCTXJRE OF THE SEEDS OF THE
RAFFLESIACE^ L'^'D HYBNORACE^,

By H. Coxjnt Solms-Lixjbach.
(Tab. 151, 152.)

A MOBB careful investigation of the Rafflesiacea^ which recently
devolved upon me in consequence of my having undertaken to mono-
graph this group for Martins' s Flora Brasiliensis, soon revealed the
necessity for submitting the seeds of these plants to re-examination.
Considering the imperfect knowledge we previously possessed of their
structure, no other reason need be given in justification of laying the
results of my researphes before your readers, especially as some facta
have come to light which may be of importance in determining the
position of this family in a systematic arrangement.

Very little has been written on this subject, and the published
information is exceedingly incomplete. By far the most important
contribution is to be found in Robert Brown's second paper on Raffiem
Arnoldi^* wherein he fully describes the structure of the fruit. He
rightly observes that the seed contains a few-celled embryo, lying
enclosed within a thin coating of albumen. And, apparently oa
account of its structure not being clearly represented by Francis
Bauer's drawing, an additional circumscribed figure was added to tab.
XXV., to which the initials " R, Br.'' are appended, and which really
deviates in unimportant particulars only from the actual condition of
things. It even shows the more or less decided ohlique direction of
the embryo in the sdbumen. As the main object of the figure is to
bring out the embryo prominently, it is scarcely to be wondered at
that the endosperm of a single layer of cells of Francis Bauer is more
accurately reproduced.

A few pages further on, in the same article, the embryo of
Hydnora comes under consideration, eind is correctly described as a
smsdl spherical body seated in the cent«) of the seed, and built up of
numerous minute cells. But the long embryo cord, or cellular
channel which connects it with the outer surface of the albumen, was
overlooked.

Finally, Robert Brown failed to discover the embryo of Cytihus,
He compares the whole mass contained within the testa of the seed to
the homogeneous embryo of Orchids ; not omitting, however, to mention
the possibility of being deceived on account of the small size of the
cellular bodies in question. Arguing from data furnished by Be
Candolle and Delisle, Brongniart f had alreddy advanced the same
opinion ; and subsequent investigations by Planchon, J Link,§ Tre-

* linn. Transact., xix., 221, tab. 22, etc.
+ Brongniart, Obs. sur les genres Oytinw et Nepenthes, Ann. So. Nat.
J Planohon, Des vraia et faux arilles. Montpellier, 1844, p. 19—22, t. 1.
\ link, Jahresbericht fiir 1844. Compare also Botanische Zeitung, 1857,
p. 700.

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BBBD-STBTTCTUBB OF RAFFLBSIACB^ AJXD HTDiroai.CBJS. 609

Tiranus,* and myself were equally fruitless, so far as a correct solu-
tion of the facts was concerned. Weddellf produces something
approaching a truthful representation of a cross section of the seed
of J^afflesia Arnoldi, the only essential inexactness being in the endo-
sperm. This figure indeed is only a proof of the precision of Brown's
examination, for in the explanation of the plate it is stated to be
mpartie theoriquey and in the text it is incidentally mentioned that
the author had no seeds of Rafflesia at his disposition. Thus we have
ample evidence that the entire drawing is nothing more than an
imaginary horizontal section constructed fix)m "R. Brown's r6presenta-
tion of a longitudinal section.

Coming to the seeds of the Apodanthea, we possess, if we dis-
regard a figure of the outward shape of a seed of PiloBtyUs Thurheri,
A. Gray, as given by Torrey, J nothing beyond the data furnished by
Karsten § on the structure of his Sama Inga, According to his
representation, this plant has a homogeneous exalbuminous embryo,
consisting of rather small- celled tissue, and enclosed in a woody
testa composed of several layers of cells.

Now, my own investigations embrace a considerable number of
types, kindly placed at my service by various friends. They are as
follows : — Rafflesia Amoldt, R. Br. (for the purposes of comparative
examination of the ovules the closely allied Brugmamia Zippelii was
brought into requisition) ; Apodanthes Casef^ia, Poit. ; PilostyleB
Thurheri, A. Gray; P. JSaussknechtti, Boiss; P. Inga, Karst. (sub
Soma) ; Cytinus Sypociatis, L. ; Hyd/nora africana, Thbg. (in the
investigation of the ovules those of H, Johannisj Becc, were also
partially used) ; and Prosopanche Burmetateri, De Bary.

RaJffUsia Arnoldi has, as we know through R. Brown, an immense
fleshy fruit, filled with numerous small seeds. The ovules from
which these seeds develop are likewise described in detail by the
9ame author. I found exactly the same structure in the ovules of
Brugmansia Zippelii ; but those of Rafflesia, in a suitable stage of
development, were not within my reach. I have since been able to
determine the structure of the ovules of Rafflesia Patma, which
deviates in no respect from the above-named species. A long, slender
fanicle bears the atropous nucleus, which is provided with a
thick integument. Already at the time when this integument first
begins to grow and envelop the nucleus, a rapid and strongly one-sided
development of the tissue constituting or immediately at the base of
the chalaza commences, eventually forming a knob-shaped swelling
of this part, which in the course of its growth gradually reverses
the position of the nucleus and its integument, its axis at length
forming a more or less obtuse angle with the funicle (compare fig. 2
and 3). In many instances this unilateral growth is so decided that

* Treviranus, Ueber das Embryo von Orobanche Lathraa und Cytinus, Bot.
Zeitung, 1867, p. 700.

t Weddell, in Annales Sc. Nat., eerie 3, xiv., 171.

X Torrey, United States and Mexican Boundarv Survey, under the orders
of Lieut-Col. W. A.Emory, vol. ii, 1859, Botany," p. 207, tab. Ivii., fig. 1—6.

§ Karsten, Ueber die Stellung einiger Familien parasitischer Pflanzeu im
system. N. Acta Leop. Carol, torn. 26 pars ii., tab. 6, fig. 7. •

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310 SBED-BTBVCTUBB OF VLAJtVLESUCEM AKB HTBKOBACXJS.

at first sight one might readily mistake them for anatropous oyalesL
Through the kindness of Mr. Oarruthers, the present dilator of the
Botanical Department at the British Museum, I have had an oppor*
tunity of examining ripe seeds from the original fruits that famished
Brown with the materials for his paper. The seed is attached to the
cell- wall by means of the soft, fleshy funicle, from which it is easily
detached at the point where the denser tissue of the chalazal swelling
begins. For an idea of the form this protuberance assumes we may
refer to the beautifal plates accompanying Brown's paper quoted
above, and to fig. 1 of our plate. The outer coating of the qeed, as
well as the whole of the chalazal swelling, consists of dark reddish
brown cells, provided with a firm woody membrane, whose outer '
walls are relatively thin, but the contiguous walls are uniformly
thickened. The side walls of the wedge-shaped outer layer of cells
are covered all over with dots or pits. At the micropyle end of the
seed there is an interruption of the hard testa, the aperture being
closed by a tissue of square, thin-walled, very small cells, each of
which contains a drop-like mass of a dark brown colour. (Fig. la.)
This testa encloses the inner hollow space, which, in comparison to
the size of the entire seed, is relatively small. This space is imme-
diately bounded by an outer brown, opaque, densely-woody, though
thin, skin, the lateral limits of whose cells are, however, distinctiy
visible. Within this — close upon the compact, granulous, colourless
wall of the embryp-sac — lies the inner coating of the seeds, the tissue
of which appears at first sight to be composed of large homogeneous,
thin- walled cells, copiously charged with a brownish oleaginous sub-
stance. A perfect idea of its real structure can only be ascertained
from a central longitudinal section, as shown at ^g, 4. It will be
seen from a study of this figure that it consists of two parts — an
inner cylindricsd body, the embryo, which at the micropyle end abuts
on the embryo-sac wall, and an outer enveloping endosperm, which at
the opposite end from the micropyle is continuous. Both are so in-
timately grown together that, although occasionally one may succeed
in detaching single endosperm cells without injuring the embryo, it is
quite impossible to lay the latter free. The boundary-line between
the two parts is all thd more readily distinguishable because the mem-
brane here slightly exceeds in thickness that of neighbouring walls.
The endosperm layer is nowhere more than one cell in depth. The
embryo, as an examination of an horizontal section shows, is formed
of four continuous rows of cells. Each row consists of several —
usually six cells. Their number is pretty uniformly the same in the
four rows of one and the same embryo, and as the partition walls of
the cells of all the rows in a cross section fall in the same plane, it
follows that we have a kind of storied structure of the whole embryo,
eonsisting of about six stories, one above the other, each story of four
apartments. But it not unfrequently happens that this symmetry is
broken by the appearance of an extra partition of one or more of the
cells. Other very common irregularities occur from slight distortions
of the cells of the embryo (see fig. 4), as must naturally happen,
where in two successive stories the longitudinal cell- walls separating
the rows of cells do not fall in exactly the same vertical planes. The
lowermost story, or stratum of cells next the micropyle end, is in all

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SEBB-STBirCTXTBE 07 BATFLBSIACSJE AKD HYDNOEACBJB. 311

cases different from those overlying it, in consequence of the cells
being narrower ; hut the degree of difference is variable. Moreover,
it could not be ascertained whether this layer consists of four cells, as
in the others, or whether it remains 2-celled. This must be considered
in the light of embryo-bearer, or connecting channel. Again, we must
not omit mentioning that the data upon which the explanations here
given of the separate parts of the seed rest, could only be verified by,
or based upon, due investigation of allied forms. For, from the close
union of all the cells, their universally equal size and similarity of
contents, we might, reasoning from cause to effect, just as readily have
taken the whole mass contained within the seed as an exalbuminous
embryo, with an early and marked separation of the derihatogen.

In Filostifles* the seeds (fig. 7) are sessile on the smooth inner
surface of the fruit. They are also provided with a very hard and a
more or less deeply brown coloured testa, with, however, an outer
covering consisting of a thin layer of tender- walled juicy cells. The
ovules from which they originate are perfectly anatropous, and
furnished with two coats (fig. 8), of which, however, the outer is very
variable in the degree of development it exhibits. Sometimes, for
example, it almost covers the ovule ; in other cases the whole of the
front half, or even more, is left exposed, whilst in extreme instances
it is reduced to an imperfect collar encircling the chalaza. Such
ovules as those last mentioned, which occur abundantly in the same
fruit with others, serve well to support a view that seeks to destroy
the marked difference between the atropous ovules of Rafflesia and the
anatropous ones of Piloatyles^ inasmuch as the rudimentary outer coat
in the latter genus would be looked upon as of the same nature as the
chalazal swelling in Rafflesia, It is evident that in the ripe seed the
outer juicy envelope is formed from the outer coat, whilst the origin of
the hard testa may bo traced back to the inner. At the spot answering
to the micropyle its continuity is interrupted, the gap being filled up
with an empty small-celled tissue, whose rough, finely-granulated
membrane is so twisted and folded hither and thither as to render it
almost impossible to discern the boundary of the cells.

l^ow this testa is composed of a single or, in places only, of a
double layer of cells, which soon become very intimately united, and
whose brown membrane is pierced with numerous pore-chaonels. The
breadth, shape, and frequency of the latter, and the relative thick-
ness of the cell-walls and diameter of the cell-cavity varies in all the
species examined ; so that the species might be determined from the
smallest fragment of the seed-skin. The thickest and most homo-
geneous partitions — and hence the greatest density — is found in the
dark reddish-brown testa of P. Inga, and the thinnest cell -walls and
the largest cavities are peculiar to the straw-coloured testa of
P. Thmheri.

The contents of the hard, granular embryo-sac membrane consist

* I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Asa Gray for ripe fruit of P.
Thurberi, A. Gray ; and firom Prof. Haussknecht, I had fruit of i^ Eautaknechtii,
Boiss. Furthermore, I received original fruit-bearing specimens of Sarna Inga^
Earst., amongst the materials sent to me, with their usual liberality, from the
Imperial Museum at Vienna.

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312 SEBD-SIBUOTURV OV B^FFLBSIAOSJE AKD BY1>T!fOILLCEM. '

as in Raffl$8ia of the embryo alone, surrounded by the endosperm of
one layer of cells. Although an exact investigation of the s^cture
of Filoatyles is rendered somewhat difficult from the extraordinary
size of the vrery thin-walled cells filled with turbid oily matter, still
a verticsd section always shows much more distinctly the boundary
between embryo and endosperm than is erer seen in Eaffleaia, In a
cross section it is less plainly visible, and therefore we can the more
readily understand why Karsten, who figures only a cross section,
overlooked it, and took the whole for a homogeneous embryo. In
consequence of the cell- walls of the endosperm, which are directed
inward, and the cell-walls of the embryo directed outwards and
abutting against the former, presenting strongly convex surfaces to
each other, there are intercellular spaces where these cells do not
touch. They are, in a longitudinal section, of an irregular three-
cornered outline, and contain globules and masses of the same
nature as the endosperm and embryo. (See fig. 6.) From the pre-
sence of this matter it is often hard to tell whether we have
really intercellular spaces into which it has flowed from the force
of the cut, or whether these spaces answer to true cells, and owe
their malformation to the growth of the embryo.

The latter is decidedly club-shaped, with its smaller end turned
towards the micropyle, and protruding through the endosperm to the
embryo-sac wall. At this end it is everywhere equally grown to the
cells of the endosperm, whilst on the opposite end we have the inter-
vening three-cornered spaces already described. It is built up of about
five layers or stories of cells in one series. The two lower are usually
limited to one cylindrical cell each, of unequal length ; and the other
three stages consist of pairs of cells. The upper one, indeed, is often
4-celled, the cells being arranged in the form of a quadrangle.
Whilst it is difficult to draw any conclusion from the mature embryo
of Rafflesia respecting its mode of development, it can here be proved
with the greatest certainty that all the horizontal partitions must be
of the same age as the perpendicular walls of the cells of the different
stories dissected, for the cells of the different stages do not stand
immediately above each other, nor do they cross at right angles, but
they cut each other at all conceivable angles ; each embryo exhibit-
ing a different disposition of the pairs of cells of its several stories.
As a consequence, the difficulty of obtaining a thorough understanding
in this respect is considerably enhanced, it being impossible to
isolate the embryo, hence our means of information are limited to
sections ; in addition to which we have to encounter the enormously
large cells of the embryo with strongly convex outer walls, two
circumstances unfavourable to the examination of the perfect embryo
except in thick opaque slices.

A sure clue to the origin of this peculiar seed structure, and
especially to the mode in which the intercellular spaces previously
mentioned as occurring between the embryo and endosperm are
formed, was afforded by an examination of the seeds of P. HamslnechUiy
in the seeds of which the convexity of the abutting cells of the
embryo and endosperm is much less prominent, and thus the cellular
nature of these said intercellular spaces is more clearly seen than in
the other species. The section fig. 9 was particularly instructive.

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SEED-STAUCTTTBE OF EAFFLESIACEJE AlfD HYDITORACE^. 313

In the seed from which this preparation was taken, from some cause
or other, although fully developed, the embryo had npt attained its
normal size, and the convexity of its outer cell- walls is almost wanting,
whilst the endosperm consists of two distinct layers, of which the
inner, in regard to size of cells, far exceeds the outer.* The boundary
cell walls of the two parts are perfectly flat. According to this then,
comparing it with the normally developed seed, it is perfectly clear
that the originally homogeneous endosperm which at first filled the
whole cavity of the embryo-sac ^is subsequently crowded up by the
gradual expansion of the outer layer of its own cells and the develop-
ment of the embryo, and thereby some of the cells become obliterated
and disappear. The crippled remains of this inner portion repre-
sented by the three-cornered spaces which we found between the
permanent outer layer of the endosperm and the embryo, are no
longer to be mistaken.

The seeds of Apodanthes Casearia, Poit., are closely related in
structure to those of the allied genus Pilostyles,^ The embryo is here
as in the former surrounded by a layer of endosperm cells. The com-
pression of the inner cells of the endosperm, that is to say if such ever
existed, was so complete that no traee of them was left, at least in
the seeds examined by me, and the endoapermal layer and embryo
were closely joined leaving no intervening spaces. The two stages of
cells of the embryo next the micropyle are filiform and narrow, and
closely embraced by the extremely enlarged surrounding endosperm
cells. J Erom this cause they in all probability are really the cells of
an embryo-cord; and as such we may perhaps be justified in consider-
ing the similar cells of the embryo of Pilostylea, In Apodanthes, too,
the testa is formed of two layers, an outer consisting of thin-
walled fragile almost empty cells — not juicy as in Piloatyles — and
an inner composed of excessively dense, thick, brownish-red cells.
The cell- membrane of the inner layer, soon completely consolidated
between the cells, is not as in Pilostyles equally thickened on all

* Seedt of this nature have otherwise not come under my observation ; but
from a number of drawings which I had the opportunity, through Strasburger's
kindness, of looking over, it appears that he found several of the same sort. I^er-
haps it was because the fhiit of his specimen was a trifle younger than mine.

t Through the kindness of Professors Eichler and Warming, I received ripe
fruit of this plant collected in the vicinity of Rio Janeiro by Q-laziou. I have
had besides the opportunity of examining some seeds from Poiteau*s original
specimens.

X Something quite similar occurs in the seeds of Monotropa Hypopitya, Just
as in Apodanthes, we have here, what in the young stage was clearly an embrjro-
cord, reduced to a thin thread by the expansion and pressure of the growing
endosperm cells, to such a degree sometimes that in the ripe seed it is sceurcely
distinguishable. The originally spherical embryo also suffers compression, and
eventually assumes an irregular angular form. In passing, I may mention that
the embryo, in the seeds examined by me, at all events, consist of at least five
cells, and not as Hofmeister states (Die Entstehung des Embryo, p. 36), of only
two. The five cells are arranged in three layers in such a manner that the lower
(the Hypophysis?) is 1 -celled, and the two others each 2 -celled. In unrolling
the contents of the seed which have been rendered transparent, there is only one
position in which all the cells are visible. If turned ^ farther the embryo appears
to consist of three cells one above the other, or even of only two, as the exceed-
ingly small lower cell is often no longer to be seen. See the figures 10 and 11.

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314 SEEB-STBUCTUBB Gf &ATFLESIACRS AKD HTDNOEACKS.

sides, but the tliickeniDg is confined chiefly to their side and
inner walls, which are likewise perforated with a number of slender
branched radiating pore- channels, with a round cross section. The
outer wall remains thin, and the cavity is now always fall of
an opaque, homogeneous, dark reddish-brown substance.
• The small atropous ovule of Cytintis Hypocistis is famished with
a single integument, and at the base of the funicle there is a
number of irregular scale-like appendages, which may perhaps be
compared to the chalazal swelling in Rafflesia and the outer coat-
ing of Apodanthes, Hofmeister was the first to thoroughly investi-
gate its structure and development. It matures into a small oval
seed,* having a hard, brittle, straw-coloured testa, consisting of
polygonal fiattened cells, strongly thickened all around, and
furnished with numerous pore- channels.

Both at the chalazal and micropyle ends there are breaks in the
testa, where we find clusters of small-celled, thin-walled, nearly
empty tissue. If the hard seed be carefully burst, open the endo-
spermal body, enclosed within the haid granidar embryo-sac and con-
nected with the two stoppers of soft tissue, just described, may, by
the aid of a needle, be pretty easily extracted (fig. 12). It is an egg-
shaped, colourless body, built up of exceedingly thin- walled cells,
which at first appears to be formed of quite homogeneous tissue. And
it was only after working at it for a long time that I succeeded in
finding the embryo, the structure of which was then ascertained by
means of vertical and horizontal sections. The emljjyo of Cytinw
resembles that of Raffle%ia^ and consists of large extremely iiTCgularly
formed Cells closed all over and grown to the endosperm, the cells
being arranged similarly to those of Ftlostyles in four or five stages.
But whilst in the latter the stages lying next to the embryo-sac wall
consist of solitary cells, they appear here to be divided by at least one
longitudinal partition. Sometimes, it is true, one or the other appears
to be quite undivided, but by rolling back the endospermal portion the
partition wall comes into view. The entire embryo is of an irregular
oval form. The first layer or stage contiguous to the embryo-sac
wall consists of much smaller cells than the others, and may represent
the embryo-coid. The second and third stages are usually the
largest; and the latter frequently presents a cross division into four
parts, the cells of which are easiest seen when in manipulation the
outer face of a square cell is turned upwards so that the line of
union of both vertical partitions is visible on both sides, and this
layer appears to part into one large, one medium, and two smaller
cells. Fig. 12 best illustrates what we have just described.

So far, all the forms we have had under consideration present a
close relationship in regard to the structure of their seeds ; but when
we come to treat of the Brownian group of Hydnoracea, we cannot
say the same holds good. I was able, through the courtesy of the
discoverer, to examine fully-developed, though still unfertilised, ovules
of Hydnora Johannis, They were cylindrical, sessile, crowded bodies
(fig. 15) on the pendulous placentas of the ovary. After having alter-

• I received rip« seeds of this plant some time ago from Montpellier throngh
my friend Prof. Planchon.

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SEED-STBUCTXTBE OF &AFFL£SIACiLS AJXD HYBKOBACEJI. 315

nately treated the preparation with potash solution and Schultz's
fluid, and partially destroyed the opaque corpusoules deposited in the
eells, we are able to discern that the ovules, in conformity with E.
Brown's description, are atropous, and exhibit a broad parenchy-
matous papillose base, from which the relatively small nucleus, with
its single, several-layered enclosing integument rises. The integument
appears to be perfectly closed over the apex of the nucleus, but a very
close examination of it will reveal the extremely slender channel of
the micropyle, which is all the more difficult to And on account of the
unequal distension of the contiguous cells.

From a microscopical preparation, taken from a specimen of Hyd-
nora africana, in the collections of the Botanical Institute at Halle,
and lundly communicated by Prof, de Bary, I had an opportunity of
examining the ovules in a younger stage of development, in which
the nucleus of the ovule still projected beyond the integument in
course of formation. The former was recognisable as an axile circle
of cells enclosed within a surrounding collar or mantle, the anterior
cell beginning to enlarge as the embryo-sac, whilst those placed at the
back were already more or less divided by longitudinal partitions. A
vertical section of the fully -foimed ovule of Sydnora JohanniSy Becc.,
offers exactly the same structure, the enveloping layer of cells enclosing
two axile series of cells rising above the still incompletely formed em-
bryo-sac.

De Bary* has fully described the ovule of Frosopanche Bur-
meisteriy but at that time the fruit was only known from Mr. Schicken-
dantz, the discoverer's, description. Amongst the more ample - mate-
rials recently come into the possession of De Bary there are several
sections of the almost ripe fruit of this plant, and through his genero-
sity the much desired opportunity of examining the structure of the
seed was gained. A complete section of the fruit exhibits essentially
the same structural characters as that of the ovary at the flowering
time. The crowded, closely-appressed surfaces of the placental plates
are characterised by their seeds being intermingled, the central line of
each placental plate presenting itself as a lighter-coloured homoge-
neous, seedless tissue. The wall of the seeds- vessel has become a
thick, solid, dark-brown shell. In- consequence of the unequally pro-
jecting remains of the tissue of the placental plates the detached seeds
have assumed an irregular shape. The testa is composed of one layer
of peculiarly thickened cells, and that again enveloped in the thin,
almost empty, tissue already alluded to, which also Alls up the only
break in the continuity of the embryo-sac at the chalazal end. (See
fig. 17.^ The cells of the testa, which unite at an early stage, have a
thin, fragile outer wall ; whilst the inner, and in a less degree the
lateral, exhibit a very peculiar concretion. This is due to the unequal
deposit of the thickening matter, in consequence of which irregular
air-tight cavities of a polygonal section are formed, bearing plates of
lattice-like tissue of a spongy nature, answering to the inner layer of
the membrane under consideration. Thin cross sections of it (fig. 16)
have an unevenly reticulated appearance. With a powerful lens the

* De Bary, Frosopanche Burmeisteri, Abhandlungen der Naturforacher
Gesellschaft zu Halle, vol. x., p. 249, t. 62, figs. 14 and 16.

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316 SBED-8TB170TUBB OF BA7FLESIA(3B2 iJfB HTDNOBACBJS.

surface openings of the slender tubes, arising from the non-thickening
of the membrane, may be detected.

This peculiarly-formed testa encloses the dense, homy, albuminous
body of the seed, which conceals the proportionately small embryo
at a point close to the micropyle end. The albumen consists of two
essentially distinct portions, in so far as their celluleu* structure is
concerned; but these are nevertheless closely united in all parts.
The outer envelopes the other like the cover of a ball, and is re-
markable for its great inequality of thickness. Thus, at the micro-
pyle end it is very narrow and only one layer thick ; but gradually
increasing it attains a considerable thickness at the chalazal end.
(Fig. 17.) Its cells are so much thickened that the cavity is almost
obliterated ; and the glass-like, homogeneous, transparent cell- walls
are thickly studded with large pores. Unless treated with K.O. it is
impossible to discern the cell boundaries (fig. 13), and its inner limit,
next the central portion of the albumen, was first clearly defined by
the same means.

In this central albumen the cell- walls are almost, if not quite, un-
distinguishable. The rather large oval, irregularly-scattered cavities
appear to be embedded in a homogeneous glass-like substance (^g. 13).
They contain a dense, turbid, finely granular substance, which is
readily poured out where they are opened in cutting the section ; and
which, whqn observed in almond or citron oil exhibits a great ten-
dency to a kernel-like condensation. The embryo lies free in a cavity
of the inner albumen, and is fastened to the surrounding tissue by
means of a connecting cord. This cord is short and cylindrical, and
consists of a few (three or four) compressed, plate-like cells, and does
not extend beyond the junction of the central and outer albumen.
Hence it is evident that this boundary surface, to which it was
originally attached, answers to the walls of the embryo-sac, and that
also the outer shell of albumen is developed from the tissue lying
without the nucleus, and therefore we have an endosperm sheltering
the embryo, and a highly developed perisperm enclosing the whole.
(See fig. 13.)

The embryo lies quite free in a cavity of similar shape to itself, and
is loosely attached to the cord. Around this cavity we usually find a
number of distorted, nearly empty, cells. The embryo was not found
in the same stage of development in all the seeds examined, which
may be attributed to the fact that the fruit, although nearly ripe, was
not quite perfect. In most instances it consisted of four contiguous
rows of cells, in which the position of the horizontal cell- walls was
such as to bring the cells into four or ^ve stories. (Fig. 13.)
Occasionally, and especially in the younger embryos, there were fewer
(only three) stories, but these were deeper. (Fig. 20.) Finally, in
some few cases, the four anterior stages were divided by tangential
partitions into enclosed and surface cells; in the lowermost (the
hypophysis ?) these partitions were wanting. All parts of its mem-
brane are of extreme tenuity, and in consequence much crumpled and
folded ; and the cell contents turbid and much shrunk, and from the
action of the alcohol considerably withdrawn from the outer walls.
And these conditions seem to indicate that it had not attained its full
development.

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8E£D-STBXJCTTJ£B OF BAFFLESIAOE^ AND HrDNORACE^. 317

In its main features the structure of the seed of Hydnora
afrioana is essentially the same as that of Prosopanche, as I have
been able to verifif , partially from dried seeds and partially from those
preserved in spirits, in the collection at the British Museum, obligingly
placed at my service by Mr. Carruthers. (See figures 14, 18, 19.)
The uneven testa, evidently originating in the fleshy integument, is
composed of fragile, thin- walled, nearly empty, dark brown tissue, the
cells of which bordering the albumen exhibit a thick, homogeneous,
poreless, inner wall. (Fig. 19.) It is therefore similar in construc-
tion to the seed-skin of Frosopanohe, As in the latter, therfe is a double
albuminous body, although here, in consequence of the outer portion
being uniformly one cell deep all round, it is less conspicuous. (Fig.
18.) The cavity containing the embryo is situated, as already stated
by R. Brown, £dmost in the centre of the seed ; and here also the
embryo-cord is throughout its entire length intimately united with
the surrounding endospermal tissue. (Fig. 19.) The cell cavities of
the latter are somewhat club-shaped, and irregularly radiating, taking
the ovule as the axis, and they gradually decrease in size towards the
centre.

The embryo-cord of Hydnora consists of a single row of unequal
quadrate or flattened cells, some of which are usually divided length-
wise, giving rise to various irregularities in its shape. At the point it
gradually extends itself, and from the production of a large number of
these partitions it assumes the structure of a cellular body, frequently
pushing itself in at the side of the embryo as a shapeless mass of tissue.
(Fig. 14.) In Hydnora, too, the connection between the embryo and
embryo-cord is extremely delicate, insomuch that in cutting the seed
through, the former generally drops out, an inconvenience that may be
avoided by cutting as near as possible to the embryo cavity without
opening it, and moistening it with potash solution, to retain the
embryo in its position, before proceeding further with the dissec-
tion. The embryo consists of a closed tissue of numerous cells
filled with a turbid substance, the early divisions of whose cell-
structure cannot be made out with any deg^^e of certainty.
15'evertheless, in general it seemed that its tissue did not proceed
from a direct further division of octagons, but rather from that
of the different overlying similar stories of cells, in which it
would well agree with the structure of the closely-allied Froso-
panche, assuming that the latter belonged to an earlier stage of de-
velopment, and has remained stationary.

It has already been mentioned that the similarity of the embryo
and its development in Cytinm, the Apodantha and Rafflmcdy con-
nects these plants ; and through these investigations their close
relationship, first established by R. Brown, and now generally
admitted, has received a fresh confirmation. On the other hand, so
far as the Hydnoracea are concerned, which most botanists, following
Brown, refer to the same group, even if the development of the em-
bryo be the same (which is indeed possible, though from available
data not provable), the presence of albumen especially, taken with
other already known important differences, seems to indicate a more
distinct line of separation. But what the degree of relationship
may be that connects the RaffleaiacetB and Hydnoracea to one

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318 OEBMINATION OF THE SEEDS OF UTRICULABIA VULOARIS.

another, and to the neighhonring families, farther researches, I
trust, will unravel, for, so far, I have not arrived at any answer to
the question.

DESCKiFTioir OP Tab. 151, 152.*
Fig. 1. A longitudinal section of the seed of Raffletia Amoldi, the contents of
-which have fallen out. At a the mass of tissue closing the micropyle. Magnified
aboutt 120 diameters. 2 and 3. Ovules of Brugmantia Zipptliana, Bl. 4. Seed-
contents of Raffie^ia Arnoldi, Br., cut lengthwise, showing the enclosing endo-
sperm of one layer of cells. Magn. 160 diams. 5. A cross section of the same.
One of the 4 cells of the embryonal layer cut through, divided into two b^ a super
numerary partition. Magn. 160 diam. 6. A longitudinal section of the mterior of
the seed of Pilostyles IngtB^ Karst (sub Sarna), Between the embryo and the single
endospermal layer are the remains of partially obliterated cells, answering to ^e
three-cornered spaces. Magn. 400 diams. 7. A ripe seed of FilostyUi Thurhm^
Torr. 8. An ovule of Pilostylet eaulotreti, Karst. (sub Sarfia), Magn. 160 time&
9. A longitudinal section of the contents of an inmiature seed of Pilostylet Htm*-
kneehtiiy Boiss. The perfectly normal embryo has ceased to extend itself, aind in
consequence^the inner cells of the endosperm are still unbroken and'not reduced to
three-cornered rudiments as in fig. 6. Magn. 400 diams. 10 and 11. The interior
of the seed of Monotropa Hypopitys^ L., from different points of view, the embryo
visible in both positions. Magn. 400 diams. 12. Seed-contents of Oytinus Bypocistis,
li. All the stories of the embryo two-celled ; endosperm consisting of one layer of
cells. 13. A portion of a verncal section of the contents of the seed of Prou-
panchs Burmeisteri, De Bary, p. perisperm (outer albumen) » e. endosperm;
embryo consisting of four rows or cells in four stories. Magn. 400 diams. 14. A
portion of a longitudinal section of the^seed-contents of Hydnora africana, Thbg.,
p. perisperm, e. endosperm. The embryo-cord penetrating the ovular cavity ai
a shapeless mass. Magn. 400. diams. 15. Atropous (orthotropous) omle
from an unexpanded flower of Hydnora Johcmnit^ Becc. Slightly magnified. 16. A
small fragment of a section of the testa of Prosopanehe Burmeiateri, De Baiy,
showing the [spongy thickening of the cell- walls. Magn. 400 diam. 17. A
slightly enlarged cross-out of the seed of Protopanehe Burmnsteri, De Bary.
18. A cross section of the seed of Hydnora africana, Thbg. Not exactly centnu,
and therefore not exposing embryo-cord. Slightly magnified. 19. A portion
of a longitudinal section of the seed of Hydnora a/ricana, Thbg., showing the
structure of the^testa, both layers of albumem and the embryo-cord. Magn. 160
diams. 20 and 21. Embryos of Prosopanehe Burmeisteri, De Bary. The tip
of that represented in fig. 21 unfortunately destroyed. Magn. 400 duuns.

[Translated from the Botanuche Zeitungy for May and June, 1874.]

ON THE GEEMINATION OF THE SEEDS OF UTRICULARU

VULGARIS.

BX E. W^MINO.

The seed has almost the form of a 4-6 sided prism, but the micro-
pylar face is rather smaller than the opposite one. There is no
albumen, but the cells of the embryo, which are nearly isodiametrical,
are full of starch and spherical granules resembling aleurone. The
uniform parenchymatous cells of the embryo are somewhat smaller in
the region of the plumule. The epidermis forms the only well-

* We are indebted to the Editors and Publisher of the '' Botan. Zeitong"
for permission to copy the figures which accompany Count Solms* memoir.
From the exigencies of space we haye been compelled to reduce by one half ^
2, S, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 20, and 21.— [^rf. Joum. Bof.]

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GERMINATION OP THE SEEDS OF UTRICULARIA TULGARIS. 319

marked layer of cells. There is no root, nor does one become developed
at any stage. The epidermal cells are arranged in radiating series in
the radicular part. The leaves are also wanting, at least in most
cases, but I do not know whether the embryo whilst still in the seed can
develope itself beyond the stage represented [in one of the figures
accompanying the paper.] The summit of the axis exhibits a valley-
like depression ; during germination there are developed here — (Ist)
from six to twelve ** primary " leaves, (2nd) an utricle (or two), and
(3rd) the summit of the conical axis which will give origin to the
stem with its alternate leaves. Immediately after their first appear-
ance the " primary " leaves have the form of blunt prominences ;
afterwards they become conical and nearly at the same period the
radiculju: extremity, being then Hghter than the plumule, turns itself
upwards, and the seed is raised from the bottom to the surface of the
water. The leaves then burst through the testa and the young plant
takes after a little while a horizontal position. The developed
primary leaves are subulate, the upper ones being sometimes more or
less laciniate. They present a remarkable peculiarity in their angles
of divergence not being constant. Many appear simultaneously with-
out any order. It is impossible to determine which leaf should be
regarded as a cotyledon.

On the elongated stem the leaves are alternate (J), but they may
approach in pairs and become nearly opposite ; they at once fork, and
the angle is occupied by an utricle, but this is sometimes absent, when
we find nearly always in its place a' subulate tooth. The two lateral
divisions at once split into two by a pseudo-dichotomy, and the leaf
has in consequence four principal and apparently equal lobes.

At the base of the stem we find a tendril (**ranke"^of Prings-
heim) which arises from the side of the principal axis. I have also
sometimes met with one or two extra-axillary branches.

Immediately after the primwy leaves there is always formed
an utricle (rarely 2) which is very often of larger size than the sub-
sequent ones, and clearly forms a floating apparatus of great import-
ance in supporting the young plant. Its position differs from that of
all the subsequently formed utricles, in not being on a leaf but directly
on the principal stem. From its position with reference to the leaves,
preceding and following it, I had hoped to get some light as to its
morphological value ; but in consequence of the varying angles of
divergence of| the primary leaves, it is very difficult to see whether
it forms a part of their spiral ; usually it diverges at a marked angle
from the uppermost leaf. It is the same with it as regards the alter-
nate stem-leaves ; I have, however, found nothing in its situation
which prevents me from considering it as a leaf.

The fact mentioned above, that the stem-leaves often carry in
place of the utricle a tooth or subulate lobe in the centre of the fork,
also favours the hypothesis of the utricle being a leaf, or a part of a
transformed one, but gives no decisive evidence on the point. The
analogy of Genliaea also seems confirmatory, but it does not seem to
be possible at present to adduce decisive proofs, or to indicate the
homologies of the different parts of the utricle. — [From the French
abstract of a paper in the Copenhagen ** Videnskab. Meddel. f.d.
I^aturhist,'' Foren, 1874, n. 3—7.]

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320 BOTANICIL NEWS.

SC^otantcal jpetojor.

Abticles in Jouknals.— August.

American Naturalist — F. Brendel, " Notes on the Flora of 8.
Florida." — D. S. Jordan, *' Key to higher Alg® of Atlantic coast
between Newfoundland and Florida."

Oosterr, Bot, ZeiUchr. — Wiesner, "On the Demonstration of
Cellulose in Cork Tissue." — A. Kemer, ** Orohanche mierantha, n.8.,
O, ionantha, n.s." — R. v. Uechtritz, "Botanical Notes" {Epildbium
JSTrausei, n.s. = ahinifolium x palustre ?) — J. C. Schlosser, " The
Kalniker Gebirge " (contd.)

Hed/wigia, — P. Magnus, ** On Protomyces pachydermuSy Thum.'*— J.
Juratzka, "Two New Mosses" {Bwhula commutatay Rh/yncostegium
mediterraneum,)

Bot, Zeitung. — F. Hegelmaier, " On certain Lycopodiaceae"
(contd.) — ^W. Pfeffer, "Hesperidin, a constituent of some Auran-
tiaceae." — T. Irmisch, " On the Morphology of some species of
Geranium^ especially G, sanguineum and G, tttderostim " (tab. 9).

Nuovo Giorn. Bot, Ital, (27 July).— J. Tchistiakoff, "Compara-
tive Researches on the Development of the Spores of Equisetum
limosum and Zyoopodium alpinum^^ (tab. vii. — xii.)

Flora, — ^A. Minks, " Thamnolia vermicularis, a monograph "
(tab. 5). — J. Miiller, " Lichenogical contributions" (contd., 4 new
species).— H. Wawra, "On the FloraofHawai."— E.Fleischer, "On
the Embryology of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons '* (tabs. 6 — 8).—
F. Arnold, " Lichenological Fragments {Bruchia vogesiaca)"

New Book, —The Forest Flora of North- West and Central India;
a handbook of the indigenous trees and shrubs of those countries, com'
menced by the late Dr. Stewart, and continued and completed by Dr.
Brandis. With an Atlas of Plates by W. Fitch. £2 10s.

The last part (tom. xiv., part 1) of the Bulletin d$ la SoeieU
Roy ale de Botanique de Belgique contains an important contribution to
cryptogamic botany in the shape of a Monograph of European Jungw-
mannidea, illustrated with analytical figures of most of the genera.
We hope to notice this monograph more fully at an early oppor-
tunity.

In the Copenhagen " Vidensk. Meddel. f.d. Naturhist. Foreming"
for 1874, no. 1-2, Warming continues his " Symbolae ad Floram
Brasilia cognoscendam," with the Lentibulariaceae, Primulaceae, and
Myrsinaceae. Four new species of Uiricularia, one of Genlieea, and one
of Myrsine are described ; and there are two plates illustrative of the
first genus. A paper on the structure of Genlisea is also contained in
the same journal (no. 3-7), illustrated by two plates, as well as the
interesting account of the germination of Utricularia, an abstract of
which is given at page 314.

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321

4^n0tnal %ttukfi.

ON THE BOTANY OF THE MALTESE ISLANDS IN 1874.

By J. r. BuTHiE.

A 8EVEEB winter, followed by a cold, wet spring, greatly kept back
the vegetation of these islands, as well as of other parts of the Medi-
terranean ; and the temperature even to the end of April must have
been far below the average. The unusual amount of moisture, how-
ever, helped in many cases to favour the luxuriant growth of several
species of plants, and may perhaps explain the fact of my having found
in such abundance this year in the island of Gozo Senecio pygmc6U8, a
plant never recorded before for these islands. It was most plentiful
near the sea in shady places, where it sometimes attained a great size
(for it), some of the plants measuring from 8 to 10 inches ; whereas
the examples from southern Sicily, where formerly it was supposed to
be restricted, were described by Gussone as from 2 to 3 inches only in
height ; but the locality, I am told, is a very dry one.

The places in Malta where I botanised chiefly this year were the
Corradino Hill, Wied Kerda, Wied el Zasel, Wied el Zorrik (also
called Wied Babu), and the neighbourhood of Melleha. I will give a
short description of each of these localities, mentioning some of the
more interesting plants which may be met with.

The Corradino is a large piece of rocky ground situated to the S.E.
of the Grand Harbour. A considerable portion of it towards the centre
is occupied by the military prison. It is a capital place for collecting
good specimens of many of the commoner Maltese plants, though not
devoid of rarities. I have gathered most of the following : —

Adonis Ctbpaniana and citrina, Ranunculus flabellatus, BrasHC a incana
B,TidB,fruticulo8a, Viola parvula, Ahine tmuifolia, var. viscidula, Sagina
melitenm, Gulia ! (sp. ined.), Hypericum crispum, Lotus oreticus, Tri-
folium stellatuMf T, rempinatum and others, Trigonella monspeliaca,
Fida leucantha, Sedum caruleum, Galium saccharafum and G. murale,
Fedia Cornucopia^ Hyoseris scahra, Hedypnoia tuhcBformia, Convolvulus
althaoideSf C pent ape taloides, and C lineatus, Cerinthe aspera. Euphorbia
peploides. Orchis saccata and 0. fragrans^ Iris cegyptiaca (said to grow
here). Narcissus Tazzetta and iV. Cupaniana^ Brachypodium Phikmetii
and B, distachyon,

Wied Kerda is a long straggling valley extending from near the vil-
lage of Zebbug to the ** Marsa," which is a large piece of marhsy ground
towards the upper end of the Grand Harbour. On the rocks on either
side of this valley there is plenty of Orsinia camphorata, Rhamnus
oleoidesy Erica peduncularis. Dr. Gulia told me of the occurrence, too,
of Erica sunda (in one spot), Coronilla stipularis, Micromeria micro-
phylla, Andropogon hirtum and A. distachyon, Zycopodium denticu-
latum.

N.S. VOL. 3. [NOVEMBEE, 1874.] Y

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332 ' OK THB BOTAKT OF THE MALTESE ISLANDS IK 1874.

Below the rocks on the grassy banks — Orchts lactea{0, Tenoreana,
Ouss.), Romulea ramifloray Anthoxanthum gracile^ &c., may be
gathered. Higher up the stream is a large quantity of Calendula sicukf
which, till lately, was its only locality in Malta, though Dr. Gulia found
some plants of it this year in the K.W. part of the island. In Qozo
it is more firequent.

In Wied 4 Zasel, near the village of Musta (known by many of the
English people as the " Rocky Valley"), are to be found : —

ClematU drrhosa^ Ranunculus muricatm, Polygdla montpeliaea,
Mdka mieaensiSf Ruta braeteosa. Astragalus hamosus and A. sesameusy
Trigonella monspeliacay Vicia cuneata and V, leueantha^ Lathyrus temi-
foliuSy Putoria calahrica, Centranthus Caleitrapay Erica peduncularisy
Conyza Tenoriiy Echium calycinum, Phlomis/ruticosa, Periploca angusti-
folia^ Euphorbia dendroides and E. puhescens, &c.

Some little distance above the valley, at its northern extremity,
there is a large extent of uneven rocky surface, the depressions of
which at this season of the year (.early spring) are well filled with
water, and contain generally a luxuriant growth of aquatic plants.
These little rocky basins occur plentifully in different parts of the
island, and the nature of their vegetation is more or less identical, con-
sisting of such plants as the following : —

Ranunculus aquatilis vars. Baudotii and trichophyllus, Elatine ma-
eropoda (Guss.), Bulliarda Vaillantiiy Callitriche truncata, Zannichellia
palustris and Z, dentata, Chara (2 sp.)

Wi$d el Zorrik, on the southern coast, near the village of Crendi,
is a good example of one of those curious rocky ravines of which there
are so many in these islands. It is extremely rich in rarities, and is
perhaps the best collecting ground in the island. I have gathered some
fine plants of Anemone hortemis growing under the shade of Carouba
trees ; several good orchids are to be found on some of the patches of
turf, viz. : Orchis undulatifolia, 0, Tenoreana, and 0. longicornu;
Ophrys tenthredintferay 0, bomhylifloray O.fusca, and 0. lunulata. At
the lower part of the valley the rocks on either side are thickly clothed
with plants of Euphorbia melitensisy Lotus creticus^ Hypericum aegypti-
acumf Corgnilla glauca, &c. ; whilst here and there may be found Zoni-
ceraimplexa, Carex gynobasis, Anthoxanthum gracile, Sonchus tenerrimw,
JDaucus rvpestris, Linaria reflexa, Melica minuta, Teucrium flavum^
Sedum cosruleum and 8, amplexicaule, &c.

The best plant to be got here, however, is Centaurea crassijolia.
This very remarkable-looking plant, not at all like a Centaurea^ nor
even a Composite, until one sees its flowers, is, as far as at present
known, confined to these islands. It grows in the .fissures of rocks at
the seaward extremity of Wied el Zorrik, and in a few other places
along the southern coast. Its leaves, which are very fleshy, become
closely crowded towards the base of the stem, giving to the plant at a
little distance the appearance of a species of Sempervivum. The flowers,
which are purple or white, are borne on stems a foot or n^ore in height.
It flowers from May to August. I shall have something further to say
about this plant when I come to speak more particularly on some of the
more interesting plants of these islands.

Melleha is a small village in the north-western part of the island,
lying within that portion of Malta which, together with a part of Gozo

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ON THE BOTAirr OF THE MALTESE ISLAITBS IN 1874. 323

and the intervening islands of Comino and Cominetto, underwent at
some time or other a subsidence so as to bring down the upper beds of
coral limestone and marl to the sea-level. These upper deposits, from
their capability of forming springs, support a more varied vegetation.
There are several sandy bays towards the north, of which Melleha Bay
is the largest. iN'early all the coast on the northern side has a shelving
shore, whUst that to the south-west and south presents more or less a
high precipitous wall ; this applies for the most part to all these
islands, the general dip of the rocks being in a north-easterly direc-
tion.

I put up at the small village inn for four days, and made excursions
in different directions.

Down at the bay on sandy ground I gathered Ktgella damascenay
Sinapis ineana, Silene sericeay Maka cretica^ Erodium chium, Ononis
ramosissimay Hedysarum capitatum, Melilotus compactay Medicago
marina and Jf. arahica (a form of if. maculata), Polyca/rpon akinifoUum,
Anthemis aecundirameay Hedypnoia oreticay Convolvulm pentapetalotdesy
Sideritis romanay Euphorbia terracinaj Emex spinosay &c.

In the neighbourhood of Selmun, to the north of Melleha, on marly
ground by the sea, there was plenty of Melilotus messanensis, Romulea
Columnay Diplotaxis scaposa, DC. ? Lina/ria reflexa. On the rocks I
gathered Brachypodium dtstachyon, and a beautiful Lotus like Z. ere-
ticusy but with very fleshy leaves. On my return to Melleha I noticed
Calendula hicolor growing in tolerable abundance by the roadside, and
in one place several plants of Zinum ungustifolium.

On the following day I went to a place called Gneyna, a few miles
to the south of Melleha. There is a very picturesque little valley
here with a clear stream in it all through the year. It is a good
place for many aquatic plants, including the common water-cress,
which is tolerably plentiful here. Among other things I noticed —
Ranunculus muricatuSy Sium stoloniferumy Juncus aoutuSy ZannichelUa
pahstriSy Scirpus gloliferus and 8, maritimuSy Carex distans, CalU-
triche sp., and ChcM-a sp. ; and by the side of the path Anchusa italicay
Maha nicceensis, Solanum moschatuniy Melilotm infestay Stellaria
granddflora (var. of 8, media), &o. Fagonia eretica is said to grow on
walls and rocks near here.

The next day I was anxious to explore some ground to the west of
Melleha, and to examine by the way a series of small valleys which
descend in a north-westerly direction. On the high open ground
above Melleha Helianthemum ericoides, var. puhescetiSy was beginning to
open its yellow blossoms in company with Anthyllis Hermannia and
Euphorbia melitensisy which form the principal vegetation in some of
the barren stony fields about here. In a small fleld I noticed several
plants of a very common-looking Silene growing amongst some com.
I was unable to determine the species until my return to England,
when it proved to be Silene Beheny L.

As to the vegetation of the small valleys I spoke of, I was much
struck with some remarkably large bushes of Euphorbia dendroides.
Erica peduncularis was very plentiful on the rocks, and still in flower ;
also Orsinia camphorata and Bhamnus oleoidesy which flower later in the
season ; a Lotus allied to L. creticusy and in the more shady places
Lycopodium denticulatum and Adiantum Capillus- Veneris,

T 2

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324 OV THE BOTAHT OF THX MALTIWE I8LAHB6 Of 1874.

Ophrys hmhyUflora and 0. fusea occurred here and there in thick
patches ; Polygala monspeliaea^ Linaria reflexa^ and Maha eretiea, more
sparingly ; also Myrtus eommunis, Rubia peregrina^ and CUmatis drr-
hosa.

On some wet ground at the source of a small stream I gathered
Melilotus fMS$anm»is, Scirpus glohiferw^ Carex distans, and another
yery beautiful CareXy which perhaps may be the C. serrviatay £iv.
From here I soon reached the cliffs on the western side, where the
yegetation becomes yery scant and stunted. I gathered seyeral
specimens of a curious form of Euphorhia pinea, which I should haye
been inclined to consider a distinct species had I not met with inter-
mediate forms on a less barren soil.

Oozo. — The island is 9 miles in length and about 4^ broad. Its sur-
face is very uneven, and there are several very curious flat-topped hills,
which at &rst sight suggest volcanic action, but the peculiarity of their
shape is easily accounted for by the fact of their being capped vdth a
hard limestone overlying marl. 8ome of the hills assume a conical form,
as for instance in the neighbourhood of Marsa al Eomo, showing that
they have been denuded of their upper covering of coral limestone,
and thus unprotected will soon be weathered to a level with the
surrounding ground.

In nearly every part of the island there are good localities for col-
lecting plants. Those which are worthy of special mention are the
*' Gorge of Wied Xlendi," on the south coast, the district about
Cala Bueira, and Eamla Bay.

Wied Xlmdi is a narrow, rocky ravine, which receives the water
from a little valley called Wied el Lunziata, close to Rabbato, the
chief town of the island. Its rocky sides are profusely clothed with
rare and beautiful plants, such as : —

Silene fruticosa, Hypericum iBgyptiaeum, Orsinia campharata,
Canyta Tenorii, Euphorbia melapetala and E, dendroides. Antirrhinum
iictdum. Calendula sicula, Malva hirsuta, Presl., and M. cretica^ Peer-
alea hituminosa, JRuta draefeosay Scrophularia peregrina^ Zotue creticus^
Seriola atnenaiSy Smilax anguetifoliay Sonchus tenerrimuSy Teueriutn
fruticansy Vieia leueantha and V, cuneatay Meliea minutay Zathyrus
tenuifoliu8y Allium suhhirautumy Convolvulus italicuSy C, pentapetaloides
and C. sicuhMy Medicago lappaceay C. orbicularis and C. rectay Frifolium
resupinatumy T, stellatumy and T. scabrumy Micromeria microphyUa,
Lagurus ovatus, Echium ealycinum (and others), Hedypnois tubcaformiSf
&c.

The base of the gorge is filled with various kinds of fruit trees,
which seem to thrive well in such situations. In a shady crevice of
the rocks there is an abundant growth of Scohpendrium Hemioniiis,
which I discovered here in 1872. It is growing with some very fine
plants of Adiantum CapiUus- Veneris, On the rocks, especially near the
sea, there is a curious variety of Syoseris lucida, with very fleshy
leaves ; it is a striking-looking plant, and very different at first sight
fi-om the ordinary H. lucida. I have found it plentifully at other
parts of the coast. On some of the grassy ledges Ophrys bombyliflora
and 0. fmca are common plants ; and this year the 0. Speculum has
been most abundant, whereas in 1872 I was the first to record its
existence in these islands. Such was the case also with another

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ON THE BOTAITT OF THB MAJ.TESE ISLANDS VX 1874. 325

OphrySj the 0. lutea^ which appeared in such profusion two years ago
in Malta in the Gotonera district. There seems therefore to be a
certain periodicity in years with regard to the flowering of these plants.
Br. GuUa spoke to me also of the unusual abundance this year of
Orehis ioccata on the Corradina Hill, in Malta.

On some rocks immediately overhanging the bay of Xlendi I
noticed some plants of JDaucus rupestris and Senecto crassifoUua, and
on level ground near the tower fine specimens of Hedysarum capitatum^
and near here Lygeum apartum and Plantago macrorhiza, Thesium
humile grows in the com fields about here, together with VaUrianella
eriocarpa.

Cola Duiera is a small bay or creek at the western extremity of
the island. Close off its entrance lies the curious rock known as the
Fungus or General's Rock (Hagret el General), a locality for the once
famous Cynomorium coecineum, or " Maltese fungus." The coast-line to
the south consists of precipitous cliffs, which rise to a great height
above the sea. In some places they are thickly clothed with plants,
many of which are well worth procuring with a little risk, such as —
Matthiola sinuata, Daucm rupestrisy Helichryaum rupestre, Silene
sedoidesy Evphorhia melapetala, AUine procumhem, Hyoaeria lucida var..
Calendula sicula, Ohione sp., &c.

Gala Dueira itself is only a small bay in a much larger indentation
of the coast into which several gullies open. The Senecto pyymaus is
more or less plentiful in all of them, also S. crassifoUiM^ which abounds
on this side of the island, varying in size from about an inch to a foot,
according to locality. Amongst others worthy of mention are Ophrys
Speculum, Malva cretica, Catapodium iiculum, Phalaria pramorsa^
Polypogon maritimum, Hedypnoia cretica, Astragalus hamosus, and A.
sesameus.

In wet places — MeUlotus messanensts, Stum stoloniferumy Samolus
Valerandi, Cyperus juncifoUtts, Carex divisa, &c. ; and in the streams
are Ranunculus aquatilis (two vars., R, Baudotii and R, trichophyllus),
ZannicheUia, Callitriche, and Chora,

Ramla. — This is certainly one of the best spots in the island for
collecting. The valley of Rsunla extends in a northerly direction from
the neighbourhood of Nadur for nearly three miles, till it reaches
the bay, where it terminates in a broad expanse of sandy ground. The
following are some of the plants I gathered here : —

(1.) On the mail^Stellaria grandtflora^QnsB,), Tamarix africana^
Medicago ciliaris, Scorzonera octangularis, Senecio pygmaus, Phalaris
praemorsa.

(2.) On sandy soil — Polycarpon ahinifolium^ Erodium laciniatum,
Ononis ramosissima, 0. variegata, 0. mollis, Medicago lappacea, (a sp.
allied to striata), and M. tribuhides ; Lotus pusillus, Orlaya maritima,
Galium murale, (var. J. Ouss.), (Ethiorhiza hulbosa, Euphorbia Paralias,
E. terracina, Pancratium sp. (not in flower), Schomus mucronattcs,
Catapodium siculum.

(3.) On rough stony ground: — Vacantia htspida, *Echallion Elate-
rium, Statice sp. (not in flower).

Vegetation of the Smaller Islands. — On the 20th of April I visited
Cominoand Cominetto, which lie about midway between Malta and Gozo.
They are composed of coral limestone, being higher portions of the de-

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326 Oir THE BOTAWT OP THE ICALTBSB ISLANDS IN 1874.

pressed tract previously alluded to. I landed first on CominettOy whicli is
the smaller of the two. The island being entirely free from cultivation, I
thought it worth while to note down every plant I saw. The following,
therefore, is not far from being a complete list of the flowering plants to
be found in this Small island during the month of April : — (Ethiorhm
bullosa f AUhcBa hirsuta, AnagaUh arvensts. A, carulea, AnthyUis Her-
mmnia. Asparagus acutifolius^ Astragalus hamosus. A, sesameus, Buph-
thalmum sptnosum, Brachypodium Plukenetii, Catapodium sieulum^
Chlora perfoUata, Cineraria maritima, Convolvulus aUJuBotdes^ C.
Cneorunif Coronilla scorpioidesy Conyza Tenorii^ CrucianeUa sp., Cras-
sulaf B^,, Daucus rupestris, Echium sp.f Erodium malachoideSy Bry-
thrcsa pulchella^ Euphorbia exigua, E. pinea^ E, peploides, Evax
pygmaay Erankenta intermedia^ F. ptdverulenta, Hedypnois mawritanm^
Uippocrepis ciliata, Hyoseris scabra. Inula crithmoides^ Koeleria
phleoides, Linum gallicumy Z. strictum, Linaria reflexa^ Lagurus ovatw,
Zepturus incurvatus, Lactuca spinosa, Lotus creticus ? Malva cretiea,
Melilotus compacta, Medicago recta^ M. striata f Mesemhryanthemum
crystallinum, Micromeria mierophylla^ Ononis mollis^ Orobanehe sp.
(on Daucus), Plantago eommutata (Guss.), Foa rigida^ Romulea sp.,
Ruta bracteosa, Sedum litoreum, Seneeio pygmceus, Seriola atnensiSf
Scopiurus subvillosUy Silene sedoides, Sonchus oleraceus, Statice sp.,
Trtfolium scabrum, T. stellatum, Trigonella monspeliaca, Teucrium fruti-
cans, Urginia Scilla, Valantia muratis, var. hirsuta, V, hispida.

Comino is a much larger island, and I had time only to explore a
small portion of it, towards the north, where there are two sandy bays
which afford promising-looking ground for rarities. Further round to
the east the coast rises gradually to high cliffs.

In my note-book I find the following remarks on the vegetation of
this island : —

AnthyUis Sermannia and Euphorbia melitensis plentiful on the
open rocky ground. Orchis fragrans tolerably abundant here and
there, usually occurring in pairs. Convolvulus italicus, Chlora perfo-
liata, and Bartsia Trixago, more sparingly.

On sandy ground by the sea : — Lotus pusiUus, Medicago marina,
Trifolium resupinatum, Ononis ramosissima, Folycarpon alstnifolium,
Rumex sp., Carex divisa, Stipa tortilis, &c.

The cliffs to the east of the bay, called " Porto Sta. Maria," were
bright with Seneeio vernus, and here also I found a few specimens of
an Erophila which I have not yet been able to determine. On re-
turning to the place where I landed I had to pass over some sloping
rocky ground above the bay of Santa Maria, and was much pleased
to find several plants of Eippocrepis ciliata, also a few specimens of
Ononis omithopodioides, and some white-flowered Malva cretica,

I was surprised not to find on these islands either of the Helian-
themums, of which R. ericoides is so plentiful on the adjacent coast
of Malta, whilst If. Barrelieri is equfidly abundant along the eastern
shores of Gozo.

I have still a few doubtful plants to determine, and which I hope
shortly to be able to give an account of ; as well as to make a few
remarks on some interesting species not included in the above lists,
and to mention the additions to the Maltese flora which I made daring
my visit this year.

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SOME PLANTS OP THE NEIGH BOITEHOOD OP PLYMOUTH. 327

NOTES OIT SOME PLANTS OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
OE PLYMOUTH, WITH STATIONS.

By T. R. Aecheb Beigqs, E.L.S.

Ranunculus eirctnatuSy Sibth. — In plenty in a tributary of the
Erme River immediately above Gutsford Bridge, between Ermington
and Kingston, 1874. Apparently very rare in the extreme south-west
of England, like several other aquatic species common in other parts.

BrasBica campestrta, L., annual form of? (vtde Joum, Boty N, 8.^
vol. ii., pp. 99, 100.) This has been noticed during the past summer
in several places. It grows gener^ly in arable land amongst crops of
turnips, rape, m^ngold-wurzel, or potatoes, sometimes in considerable
quantity ; and likewise occurs casually in waste spota near homesteads
or fields, where manure is occasionally deposited, &c. It must, I
believe, come in either under campeBtris (where Watson has placed it)
or Rapa^ since the early and more or less hispid leaves are of a lighter
green than the others. Doubtless it occurs in other counties besides
Devon and Cornwall, and I much suspect that it stands for B, Kaput^
the Rape, in many local lists, especially as the eaj'ly leaves very soon
decay, leaving only the decidedly glaucous later ones. Unlike a
biennial plant, which we have in a few spots, and which is unquestion-
ably identical with the Thames-side BroBsioay it produces only very
few of the grass-green lower leaves, entirely wanting the rosette so
conspicuous in the younger state of this other.

Cerastmm semidecandrumf L. On a sand-btok at Mothecombe,
growing with C, tetrandrum, Curt., May, 1874. The latter is rather
common on the coast, and elsewhere near salt-water, in the neighbour-
hood of Plymouth, but C. semideeandrum is very rare.

Hypericum duhium, Leers. This is very rare, but still grows in
several spots on both sides of the Tamar, a little below ttie Weir
Head, and so occurs here in both Devon and Cornwall. It was found
by the Rev. W. S. Hore, on the Cornwall side many years ago.

Eypericum hirdnum, L. In two or three spots on hedgebanks
near Penquit, between Ivybridge and Modbury ; also, two old bushes
on a bank by the turnpike-road, between Yealm Bridge and Ermington
village ; probably sprung from the seed of cultivated plants, rather
than planted originally at these places. Careful examination of
specimens and comparison with a Kew specimen of elatum has shown
this Devon Hypericum to be hircinum. It may be worth while to men-
tion here that Devon alone of all the counties of the United Kingdom
produces all the native British species of this genus. The most
easterly English station known for H. hceticum is Ivybridge, about
eleven miles to the east of Plymouth ; the most westerly in the Penin-
sula for B, hirsutum is Yealmpton, seven miles from this town in the
same direction.

Ulex Gallii, Planch. This ascends to 1300 feet on Dartmoor.

Lotus hispidusy Desf. This, together with Z, diffusus^ is far more
general in old unbroken land, patched with furze, on tiie southern
coasts of Devon and Cornwall, than the books would lead one to sup-
pose. The two ofteii occur together, consequently I was somewhat

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828 SOME PLA17T8 OF THB ITEIGHBOUBHOOD OP PLTMOITTH.

surprised to find no mention of diffusm in the recently-pub^tt
*• Flora of Dorset," though hispidus is said to be " common.";-wip
Plymouth I have never seen either at more than three-quarters of
a mile from salt- water.

Euhus BalfourianuBy Bloz. In a waste spot by the road leading
from Callington to St. Germans, between Clapper Bridge and the
hamlet of Blunts, East Cornwall. Kew to the county. This plant
agrees well with the one growing at Kingston, South Devon, which
has been confirmed by Babington as Ba^awrianui. ( Vide '* British
Eubi,'' p. 260.)

Agrimonia odorata^ Mill. Bather common in South-west Devon
and South-east Cornwall, so that I have some dozens of stations
in both districts on record. Even when out of -fiower its agreeable
odour alone is sufficient to enable one to distinguish it iiom A . Evpatoria ;
it has, moreover, leaves of a deeper green, with the leaflets consider-
ably longer and less fiat, and longer and more silky hairs over both
leaves and stem, though these are less densely placed than in the
other, making it look altogether less woolly and more silky. In fruit
other differences become apparent.

Zeontodph hiapidtu, L. Quite a local species about Plymouth. In
Cornwall I have seen it only near Calstock.

Hieracium horeaU, Pries. Sparingly amongst furze in an un-
enclosed spot below the hill with the old camp on its summit at
Cadsonbury, in the parish of St. Ive, near Callington. New to East
. Cornwall. It is absent from a considerable portion of South Devon .
In the extreme South-west of England H. umheUatum is the com-
monest species of the genus after the generally-distributed PUosella,
I have never seen H. sylvatieum here.

Mentha iyheatris, L. In a damp sandy spot by the hotter
Hiver, immediately above Kotter Bridge, Cornwall, also on a hedge-
bank at Seaton, in the parish of St. Germans, in the same county ;
doubtless derived originally from gardens at both places. The Seaton
plant is considerably more woolly than the other, and seems to agree
best with the variety moUissimOy Borkh. On a hedgebank by the lane
opposite to the one on which it grows Mentha rotundifolia occurs, a
species, unlike eylveatris^ rather uncommon in Devon and Cornwall,
though at most of the spots where I have seen it looking more like an
introduced than a truly indigenous plant.

Mentha hirautay L. A variety with white fiowers occurs by Hay
Lane, Antony, Eaqt Cornwall. Are not white-fiowered ivarieties very
uncommon in Mentha, although rather frequent in several species
belonging to other genera in Zamiacea ?

Mentha PuUgium^ L. In considerable quantity in several fields
near Lambside in the parish of Holbeton, but rather as a denizen than
a native.

JRueous aeuleatua, L. Very rare about Plymouth, but having all
the appearance of an indigenous species on some bushy declivities on
each side of the Erme estuary.

Agrostia eetaoeay Curtis. This occurs at over 1450 feet near
Sheltop on Dartmoor, and so ascends far into Watson's zone 2.

All the places named above are in South Devon, unless the con-
trary is stated.

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SCIBPT7S TBiaXTETEB, UNN., IN SOUTHEBN CHIITA.. 329

SCIRFUS TRIQUETER, Lmir., IN" SOUTHERN CHINA.

By H. F. Hakce, Ph.D., etc.

Iw the month of November, 1866, Mr. T. Sampson gathered on
the muddy banks of the Canton River, growing abundantly between
high and low water mark, a species of 8cirpm which appeared to me
on examination perfectly distinct iroxn. any of those occurring in this
neighbourhood. A specimen or two were forwarded to Kew, where
they were referred by Mr. J. G. Baker to 8, mucronatuSf Linn., which
is not uncommon in southern China. On ascertaining this, I sub-
mitted the plant to a renewed and very careful examination, but its
whole aspect — ^the differently shaped, bordered; and distinctly 1 -nerved
glumes — the larger, paler, lenticular achene and 2 -cleft style — com-
pelled me to dissent from Mr. Baker's opinion, and left a strong con-
viction in my mind that the Chinese plant is identical with the
European S. triqueter^ Linn. {S. Polhchzt\ Godr. & Gren.) A subsequent
comparison with specimens of the latter from Sbrasburg, distributed
under n. 1083 in Billot's "Elora Gallise et Germanise exsiccata," for
the communication of which I am indebted to Dr. Trimen, leaves ap-
parently no room to doubt the justice of my conclusion; the sole
difference I can detect between the Chinese and Alsacian specimens
being that the leafy liu^b of the upper sheath is more developed in
the former. The tact is worth putting on record, because of more
interest from a phytogeographical point of view than might at first
sight appear. Leaving out of consideration the occurrence and dis-
tribution of the species in Africa, America, and Australasia, 8. tri-
queter is found in Europe — ^in Switzerland, in nearly the whole of
Germany, in Belgium and Holland, in Scandinavia only in the
extreme south of Denmark, throughout France, in England, in
northern and central Italy, perhaps in the Morea and the Cyclades,
in Hungary and Transylvania, and as fax eastward as the Circassian
provinces, where its progress in that direction appears to be abruptly
arrested. Though recorded from Portugal, its presence in the Iberian
peninsula, as also in Sicily, may be considered problematical.* I can
find no evidence of its existence anywhere on the vast Asiatic continent.
Dr. Hooker, in his ** Tabular View of the Distribution of Arctic
Plants,"! excludes it from the whole of Asia, from the Arctic circle
to the Equator ; and notwithstanding the active researches of Russian
botanists during the past twenty years in north-eastern Asia, it has
not hitherto been detected in any portion of Siberia, Manchuria, Mon-
golia, North China, the island of Sachalin, or Japan. Its occurrence

♦ Nyman, Syll. fl. Europ., 390; Watson, Compend. Cyb. Brit., 360; An-
dersson, Oyperogr. Scandin., 7 ; Ledeb., Fl. Ross., iv., 248; Tcliihatcheff, FL
As. Mi]i.,ii, 671; Parlat., Fl. Ital., ii., 93 ; Willk. & Lange, Prodrom. fl. Hisp.,
i., 133.

t Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii., 306. It \r somewhat curious that, in his ''Stu-
dent's Flora of the British Islands,*' Dr. Hooker, while giving as the distribu-
tion of Scirpua maritimus—** Arctic Europe, N. Africa, W. Siberia, N. W. India,
N. America " — assigns under the same head to S, triqueter only ** Europe,
from Denmark southwards." This would naturally lead a tyro in botany to
suppose that the species is not found out of Europe.

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830 BEVI8I0W OP THE BBITISH C0LLE1CAGEI.

in southern China is therefore sufficiently remarkable. I should
mention that Dr. Trimen informs me that in the herbariam of the
British Museum there is a Sjcirpus collected in the Chinese province of
Shantung by Sir George Staunton, and labelled 8, triqmter; but
he adds that the specimens are imperfect, and that he cannot be sure
they are properly named.

REVISION OF THE BRITISH COLLEMICEI.

Br THE Rev. J. M. Crombie, F.L.S., &c.

In many respects the species belonging to the family of the ColUmaeei
are amongst the most intricate, and perhaps the least understood, al
any in British Lichenology. This no doubt is owing partly to the
specific differences being in some cases not very readily perceptible,
partly to the difficulties connected with confusion of synonomy by
authors, and partly to numerous varieties and forms having been over-
looked by our lichenists. Chiefly, however, it arises from inattention
to the microscopical characters of the thaJlus and fructiflcation, to
which these other causes are primarily and mainly to be attributed.
Having for some time past been engaged in working up the British
species of this rather perplexing family, it may therefore be both inte-
resting and useful to give the following results, derived partly from
my own observation, and partly from communications from Dr.
Ny lander. Though in the number of species and varieties to be re-
corded, some of which have not yet been detected elsewhere, Great
Britain and Ireland compare very favourably with other European coun-
tries, there are at the same time several Continental species absent from
our Hst, some of which further research will no doubt bring to light.
Probably also some representative of the genus Pterygium may yet
be detected amongst the Scotti^ Grampians, though Omphalarui
evidently does not extend so far to the north, nor Fhyllisoum so far to
the south, as any parts of our islands. It is certain, however, that
when the limits of the family are extended by the deflnite reception
of many of the ** pseudo-algae " our lichen-Flora will receive from
these a goodly proportion of additions. In what follows we adopt
the arrangement of Nylander, giving also the different sections or
stirpes into which his genera have been or may be divided, and which
here, as elsewhere, correspond so far unto, though much more natural
than the so-called genera of most Continental lichenists, the nomen-
clature of which derives its chief claim to be preserved simply
memoricB causa.

Tribe I. Lichinei.

There can now be little doubt that many of the fllamentose
** Algae," as originally suggested by Nylander (vid, also Cromb. " On
the Lichen-gonidia Question," in Popular Science Review^ No. 62),
are referable to this tribe, though, being as yet known only in an
undeveloped or barren state, they cannot at present be accurately or
specifically described as lichens.

I. Gonionema, NyL To this genus belong various species of

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BEVI8I0N OF THE BE1TI8H COLLEMACEI. 381

Scytonema, which, for the reason just mentioned, are temporarily
omitted. Sp, 1. (r. velutinum (Ach.) : probably not very uncommon in
the mountainous tracts of Great Britain, though extremely rare in
fruit, and consequently with difficulty distinguishable from states of
other allied Scytonemas.

II. Spilonema, Bom, To this similarly are to be referred the
several species pf the old "algal" genus Sirodphon, most of which
occur only in a barren condition, and one of which, Strosiphon saxicola^
Naeg., a plant of almost universal distribution in one or other of its
states is evidently resolvable into two distinct species of Sptlonema.
Sp, 1. S» paradoxuMy Bom., rare and local, at least in fruit, inW.
maritimo-montane Britain, in N. Wales and N. Argyleshire. 8p, 2.
S. revertensy Nyl. On micaceo-schistose mountain rocks, usually
associated with other lichens, seen only in a barren state, and conse-
quently not certain on Ben Lawers and Craig Tulloch. To this is
referable Sirosiphon saxtcola, iNTaeg, pro p, Sp. 3. S, acoticum^ Nyl.
On micaceo-schistose rockvS, probably frequent, though very
rarely met with in fruit on Ben Lawers. To this also is referable
Sirosiphon saxicola^ Naeo;., pr^o max, p. Though these two latter
species, viewed as Algae, would in an infertile state appear identical,
yet viewed as Lichens, their fructification shows that no two species
can be more distinct.

III. Ephebe, Fr,, Bom. In a young and undeveloped state this
can be distinguished from the preceding only on a microscopical
examination of the thallus. Sp. 1. K puheacena (L.), Fr. Very abun-
dant in the Scottish Highlands, but rarely seen in fruit, and
more frequently with spermogones than apothecia. This is the
Lichen exilis of Lightfoot, as proved by specimens in the older her-
baria (e.g. Pulteney's, &c.) ; while on the other hand the Lichen
puhescem of our older writers is Alectoria lanata^ var., parmeliotdes,
Cromb., as appears from the same sources. Probably E.p, var.
spinuhaa (Th. Fr.) will also be detected amongst the Grampians.

IV. Lichina, Ag. Sp. 1. L. pygmcea (Lghffc.); Sp. 2. Z. con^
finiSi Ach. For British distribution of these vid. Leight., Br. Lich. FL,
pp. 13, 14. The former is most frequently seen on the W. coasts of
Britain to the N. Hebrides ; and the latter on the E. coasts, where
from the Firth of Forth northwards it seems to be the only species
which occurs.

Tribe II. Collemei.

This tribe also includes some species of ** Pseudo-algae,'* viz., the
Nostocs, which there can be little doubt are merely undeveloped states
of CoUemas (vid. Cromb. in Popular Sc. Rev. I.e., p. 272).*

I. Pyrenopsis, Nyl. This genus, as recently limited by Nylander,
is confined to those species which have the thallus internally rubricose

* The opinion there expressed has been farther confirmed by recent observa-
tions in Appin, where in several instances, and under circumstances which pre-
vented any misinterpretation of the phenomena witnessed, we perceived on the
one hand Nostoo commune passing into young ColUma pulposum, and on the other
hand the same Coilema in an old decaying state degenerating into the Noatoe.
We may, therefcMre, legitimately conclude with Nylander, that the Nbstoea bear
very much the same relation to the Collemei as the Zepraria to the Lkhenacea.^

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392 BEnSIOl^ OF thb bbitish oollbmacbi.

and the gonimia ill globular cells. 8p. 1. P. hamatopis {^mmxi.\
distinguished very readily from the following by its urceolate apo-
thecia. Sp, 2. P. JuBmalea (Smmrf.), not uncommon on Ben Lawers
and its ridges, and formerly not rightly distinguished by me from the
preceding. Sp. 3. F. granatina (Smmrf,), apparently a very rare
British plant, characterised by the nodulose and irregularly rotundate
granules of the thallus, and by the apothecia. Sp, 4. P. homceopHs^
Nyl., extremely scarce on Ben Lawers, only a single other specimen
having been found on the summit, notwithstanding a subsequent and
protracted search. 8p. 4. P. fuacatula, Nyl. In the absence of any
rightly-developed fructification, my specimen fit)m Ben-y-gloe (vid.
'* Grevillea,*' L, p. 170), though sufficiently resembling this species
as it occurs in the Channel Islands, cannot with absolute certainty be
identified with it. 8p. 5. P. fttrjfurea, Nyl., is to be removed from
CoUema, and may be placed in the present genus, though in the struc-
ture of the thallus it approaches to Pht/Uiseum.

II. Collemopsis, iVy/. This is sufficiently distinct from the preced-
ing in having the thallus internally glaucous-green, and the gonimia
submonilifomly arranged. Sp. 1. C. Schareri (Mass.) ; beautifully
developed on limestone of Craig Tulloch in Blair Athole, and much
less so on chalk pebbles near Shiere in Surrey, where also a state
occurs which seems referable to Verrucaria Flotoviana, Hepp. The
absence of any proper hypothallus at once separates it from Pannariaj
which otherwise it closely resembles. 8p. 2. C. leeanopaotdes, NyL
In my specimen from Craig Tulloch the spores are 0-010-16 x
0*007-9 mm. (with a nucleus in each), and thus smaller than in either
the Irish or Pyrenean plants. Sp, 3. C, fttrftirella, Nyl., removed
from Collema to the present genus, with the characters of which it
well agrees. The thallus and the spores are but rarely well developed
in the few British specimens seen. Sp. 4. C. ohlongans^ Nyl. {vid.
** Grevillea,*' III., p. 22), a very interesting, though somewhat pecu-
liar-looking species, allied to C ArnoUiana (Hepp,) Sp. 5, C,

, diffundem, Nyl., apparently an extremely rare plant, for which we
have searched in vain the neighbourhood of Maidstone, where it was
originally gathered very sparingly by Admiral Jones.

III. Synalissa, 2)(7. Sp.\. S. symphoreayBC. This species seems
now to be extinct in both the record^ British localities.

IV. Collema, Ach. This genus is now somewhat limited by the
abstraction of some species formerly included in it, not merely to the
preceding but also to the following genera, in which they find a more
natural place. It may be divided into these sections : —

A. ZicMnopais, Cromb.=stirps C. lichinodei.

Sp. 1. C. Itchinodeum, Nyl. Probably this species belongs to a
distinct genus, which may be named as above, though as the fructifi-
cation is at present entirely unknown, it is best retained as constituting
a separate section of Collema,

B. Physmay Mass. a. stirps C. myriococd.

Sp. 2. C. chalazanum, Ach., distinguished from its allies chiefly
by its ellipsoid spores ; rather local and not common where it occurs
in W. Britain and 8.W. Ireland. Sp. 3. C. chalazanodes, NyL, in-

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BSVISION OF THE BRITISH COLLEMACEI. 333

termediate, as it were, between the preceding and the following species,
with larger subglobose spores. 8p, 4. C. myriococcum^ Ach. This
species is with difficulty to be distinguished from these other two, and
probably all three are referable to one and the same somewhat vari-
able species.

h. stirps C, Upidei,

8p. 5. C. confertumy Ach., apparently a very rare British species,
and not gathered as such since the days of Turner.

C. Eticollema, Cromb. a. stirps C, terrulenti.

Sp. 6. C. terrulentum, Nyl. The apparently constantly granulose
thai Ins warrants the arrangement of this somewhat peculiar and very
rare species in a separate subs.ection.

h, stirps C, verrucaformis:

Sp, 7. C, ceraniacum, Nyl., an extremely rare plant of Ben
Lawers, of which, subsequent to its discovery by Admiral Jones, I
gathered only a single small specimen, near the same spot where it
was first detected.

c. stirps C. pulposi,

Sp, 8. C. auriculatum, Hffm. This according to the authentic
specimen ex hb. Sowerby in Hb. Mus. Br. manu Borrer, is entirely
identical with C, dermatinumy Borr. F. memhranacea^ Kphlb.,
apparently rare in the S. W. Highlands near Inveraray. Var. pin^uescens
Nyl., rare at Finlarig, Killin, and Craig TuUoch, Blair Athole. Sp. 9.
C. furvumf Ach. The true plant, which is best distinguished by the
reaction with I. from the other species, with which it might be con-
founded, does not appear to be at all common in this country. F. 1.
tunafonm, Ach., is characterised merely by having the lobes of the
thallus longer and more deeply incised. Sp, 10. C. pulposum, Bemh.
This is a very variable species of which the following forms and
varieties occur in Great Britain and Ireland : — ^F. 1. granulatum, Sw.,
distinguished by the lobes and the margins of the apothecia being
more or less granulated —probably not unfrequent in limestone tracts,
but rarely fertile. F. 2. compactum (Ach.), known by the closely-
imbricated thallus and the immersed apothecia, apparently rare in S. and
W. England, and hardly fertile, though spermogoniferous. F. 3.
hydroeharum (Ach.), on damp calcareous rocks of Craig Tulloch, very
sparingly and infertile. Var. 1. ceranoideSy Borr. This, according
to the fragment of the original specimen in Hb. Sowerby, attached to
the fig. drawn for E.B., seems to be referable to the present species, but
the characters of the plant in Hb. Borr. at Kew are not very definite.
Var. 2. pulposulum, Nyl., a much smaller plant than the type,
apparently very rare and as yet gathered only near Cirencester.
C, tenax, Sw., diflFers chiefly in the innate apothecia, and is scarcely
to be regarded as a distinct species ; rare in upland mountainous
districts. Sp. 11. C, suhpltcattldf l^yl. {C. plicatile, Am. in. Flora,
1867 pro p.)y sufficiently similar to C. pu^osurnhnt with much larger
spores, as yet gathered only sparingly at Appin, but no doubt to be
detected elsewhere. F. 1. tneizolohum, Nyl. (C. flacoidum, var.
microlobum, Nyl., olim in Cromb. Enum., p. 5), differs in having the

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334 SBYISION OF THB BBITISH COLLBMilOKI.

lobes of the thallus larger, rare at Killamey. Sp. 12. C. limosum^
Ach., easily recognised from the allied species by the adglutinated
evanescent thallus, and the appressed thinly-margined apothecia, no
doubt frequently overlooked, at least in S. England. Sp, 13.(7. erispum
(Huds.), probably not uncommon, though the true plant is but rarely
seen in hbb. Var. 1. cristatulum, Nyl., easily recognised by the
microphylloid thallus, occuring in the Channel Islands and probably
also in S. England. Sp 14. C7. ohetleumy Ach., common where it
occurs, generally on old walls near water, but often barren. F. 1.
nudum (Scheer.), distinguished by the broader egranulose lobes, ap-
parently rare, as at KiUin and in S. Ireland. F. 2. monocarpon (Duf.),
with miorophyUine or nearly obliterated thallus, near Cirencester, and
probably overlooked elsewhere. Sp* 15, C, melanum^ Ach., a common
and rather variable species, of which the following forms wre sparingly
found in Britain and Ireland. E. 1 . marginale (Huds.), probably not
very uncommon, though not sufficiently distinguished in more recent
hbb. from the type. F, 2. jacohaifoUum (Schrank.), apparently
rare in the Channel Islands and in S.W. Ireland. F. 3. gyrosum,
Ach., seen by us only very sparingly on Craig TuUoch, and only a
few old apothecia present on the specimen gathered. F. 4. eompli-
catum, Schl., Schser., closely allied to the preceding, and rare in N.
England and the S.W. Highlands* All these forms appear to be connected
by intermediate states, some of which can with difficulty be referred
to any of them in particular. Sp, 16. C. criaiatum (Hffm.), Schaer.,
differs from the preceding, though perhaps only as a subspecies, in the
imbricato-aggregated laciniee, and the slightly different character of
the spores, probably not very rare in upland tracts, though till
recently overlooked as a British plant. Sp» 17. C, polycarpon
Schaer., distinguished by the small pulvinate thallus and the spores
at length 3-septate, forming a transition to the next section, rare
on Cheddar Cliffs, near Xendal and at Appin.

D. Latkagrium (Ach.). a. stirps C, fiaccidi,

Sp. 18. C, 8tygium(Del.)f similaT to the preceding species, but
with 3-5-septate spores, rare as near Cirencester, Kendal, and in
Teesdale. Sp» 19. C, Laureri (Fw. Krb.), distinguished by having
the thallus broader, and the spores 3-8eptate, and obtuse at either
apex, but apparently a somewhat doubtful British Lichen. Sp. 20.
C. flaccidum, Ach., generally distributed in mountainous districts, on
mossy old walls and trunks of trees, but very rarely seen in fruit.
Sp, 21. C. fascicular e (Linn.), easily recognised by the fasciculate
lobules of the thallus and the biatorine apothecia, frequent about
Barcaldine in Lorn. Sp, 22. C, multipartitum (Sm.), pretty generally
distributed in upland limestone districts, but nowhere common, unless
{fide Taylor) in S.W. Ireland about Dunkerron.

h, stirps (7. mgretcentis.

Sp. 23. (7. mgrescens (Huds.) Hudson has priority olf name(Fl.
Angl. ed. i. p. 450), otherwise the more expressive one of Lightfoot
might have been adopted, and the plant been, called Collema Vespertilio
(Lghft.) Sp, 24. C. aggregatum (Ach.), a very rare species in this

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SBTI8I0K OF THB BBITI8H COLLEMACEI. 335

country, though we have gathered it also very sparingly near Tun-
bridge Wells.

E. ZeptoffiopnB, Cromb. = stirps C. mierophylU,

In this section the thallus is nearly as in Leptogium^ but the
apothecia are those of Collema, so that it forms a natural transition
between the present and the following genus. Sp» 25. O.
hiatorinum^ Nyl. — Pretty generally distributed in S. and W. Eng-
land, but chiefly in chalk districts. Sp. 26. C, miorophyllum, Ach. —
occurs chiefly on old elms in S. England, and frequently appears in
hbb. s,n. C, fragram (Sm.)

y. Leptogium, Ach, To t^e species which, on a more accurate
examination of the structure of the thallus, have from time to time
been removed from Cottema to the present genus, others have now to
be added*

A. Euleptogium^ Cromb. a, stirps Z. tenuUsimi.

8p, 1. Z. amphineunif Ach. — Will no doubt be found elsewhere in
S. England, as, being a rather inconspicuous plant, it may readily
be overlooked in dry weather. Sp. 2: L. rhyparodes, Kyi., very
rare on Ben Lawers and the neighbouring ridges in its typical state,
and still rarer on the summit of Ben Lawers in its less developed and
more obscure state, which originally was named by J^ylander Collema
psorellum. Sp. 3. L. fmuissimum (Dcks.) = L, spongiosum^ Nyl. (not
tenuissimumy 8cand., p. 34), by no means a common British lichen,
and apparently always very sparingly where it does occur.

b. stirps L. cretaeet,

8p, 4. Z. fragile (Tayl.) This rare Irish species is externally
somewhat similar to young states of Collema muliipariitumf
but the character of the cortical stratum and of the apothecia is
widely diflferent. 8p, 5. Z. eretaceum (Sm.) Unquestionably a very
rare British species, an extensive search over various of the chalk
districts of S. England having failed to detect it except in one
locality, viz., the chalk quarry on Reigate Hill, Surrey. Sp. 6. Z.
pusillumy Nyl., also very rare in this country, with the structure of
the thallus. almost as in section E. of the preceding genus, dis-
tinguished from Collema hiatorinum by the thalline exciple and the
character of the spores.

c. stirps Z. tremelloidis, \

Sp. 7. L. lacerum (Sw.), generally distributed, but by no means com-
mon in fructification. E. 1. j^mbriatum B.of£ni., probably not very rare,
but scarcely ever seen in a fertile condition. Var. 1 . pulvinatum (Hoffm ),
most frequently fruited in the S.W. Highlands. Var. 2. lophaum
(Ach.), occurs also sparingly in the Channel Islands. Var. tenuissi-
mum J Nyl., will no doubt also be detected in this country, and indeed
we have a specimen from Appin which, except in a slight difference
in the size of the spores, seems sufficiently identical. Sp. 8. Z.
subtile (Schrad.), evidently a rare British plant, which must carefully
be distinguished from Z. tenuissimum^ and all the somewhat similar
states of the' preceding species. Sp. 9. Z. sinuatum (Huds.), chiefly

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336 BBYISIOK OF THB BBmSH COLLEMACEI.

in upland limestone districts, and not onfreqnent in the S.W. High-
lands. F. 1. Polinieri (Del.), easily recognised by the bright green
thallus, an Irish form, rare on Dunkerron and near Cork. Yar. 1.
ermulatum, Nyl., distinguished by the thallus being smaller, and ere-
nato-incised at the margin, intermediate between the type aod Z.
lacerum. To this ex. Hb. Mudd, is referable Z. fragraiM from Cleve-
land, which (vid, Man. p. 46), he suspects to be a cortical var. of Z..
ntbtiU, Sp, 10. Z. plicatile (Ach.) The structure of the thallus
shows that this species must be removed from the genus Collema, in
which it has hitherto, been placed. It is identical with Z. firmum,
Nyl., Scand. p. 34, the description of which was evidently taken
from one of the states presented by this species. Specimens from
Taylor in Hbb. Brit. Mus. et Kew, «.n. CoUema ^uvia^tT^, {having
the thallus smaller and, when dry, somewhat angulose, probably
identical . with CoUema fmetculwe^ Smmrf., may be named f. minor,
Cromb. Sp, 11. L.palmatum (Huds.), easily distinguished from Z.
sintMtum by the revolute margins of the lacinise, most visible when
the plant is moistened, and which are either broader or narrower, and
linear. 8p. 12., Z. tremelloides (linn.), frequent also in most of
the S. Hebrides, but apparently very rarely fertile in Britain* or
Ireland. 8p, 13. Z. flmiatiU (Huds.) = Z. rivulare (Ach.) The
structure of the thallus, so well described in Nyl. Syn., p. 112, shows
that this also must be removed from the preceding to the present
genus.

d, stirps Z. ehloromelum.

Sp, 14. Z. ehloromelum (Sw.), a very rare species in this country,
which has only been gathered fertile in S. W. Ireland, at Killamey.

B. Malloiium, Fw.=stirps Z. satumim,

Sp. 15. Z. saturmnum (Dcks.) — Apparently confined to Scotland,
where it occurs here and there in several parts of the Grampian range,
but, in so far as I have seen, fertile only, and that very sparingly, in
a ravine at Appin. Sp, 16. Z. Ilildenhrandii (Garov.). This is given
in Hb. Mudd in Hbt Brit. Mus., 8,n. L, saturnini, as fromTeesdale,Har-
riman, from whom also a specimen, without £iny locality, appears in Hb.
Sowerby, but it is probably not British. Sp, 17. L, Burgessii
(Lghtft.). Very fine and abundant near lakes and streams through-
out all the S.W. Highlands.

C. Polychidium, Ach. a, stirps Z,Schraderi.

Sp, 18. Z. tu/rgidum (Ach.)— Confined apparently to S. and "W.
England, easily recognised from all states of Collema pulposum and
Z. plicatile,}) J its subfruticulose habit. Sp. 19. Z. Schraderi (Bernh.),
occurs also sparingly and infertile upon decayed mortar of old walls
in Glenlyon, Perthshire. Sp. 20. Z. microscopicum, Nyl., approaches
in habit at least nearer to the preceding than to any state of Z. lacerum
while the discovery of the apothecia by me recently near Shiere, in
Surrey, shows that it is not, as might have been suspected, an un-
developed state of some other species.

b. stirps Z. mmdcoli.
Sp.2l. L. muscicolum (Sw.), an easily recognised species alike

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SHOBZ K0TS6. 337

from the character ci the thallns and of the spores/ to which the
general and original Acharian name of this section has been ezolu^^
sively appropriated by Continental liohenists.

VI. Leptogidium, iVy/. This genus has recently been separated
by Kylander from Z&ptogium in consequence of haying the gonimie
granules moniliformly concatenated {vid. Nyl. Pyren. Or. p. 48). Sp»
1. Z. dindriicum, Nyl. On submitting a specimen of L$ptog%um
Moor0if Hepp, to Nylander he pronounced it to be entirely the
present species. In all the specimens which I have seen in hb«
Carroll and ex. hb. Jones, there are no apothecia present, and
it is most likely that the anomalous apothecia hitherto described
were simply the spermogones, though even these, which are not
unfrequent in the specimens referred to, are scarcely rightly de-
veloped. This is another of those interesting exotic species, having
previously been known only from Brazil, the Island of Bourbon,
Papeiti, and New Caledonia, which find their way to S.W. Ireland.
VII. Pyrenidium, Ntfl. According to Nyl. %n Ittt, if the apo-
thecia are not parasitic, this ought to be included in a distinct tribe
called Pyrmiddi, Sp. 1. P. actinellum^ Nyl., extremely rare, and as
yet vainly searched for by myself and others around Maidstone and
other likely localities. It is a very singular-looking species, so far
as the thaUus is concerned, but the only specimen I have seen, in hb.
Carroll, is unfortunately barren.

N.B. — The genus Ohryzum^ being now ascertained to be entirely
parasitic, is to Inb removed from the CoUemei to the Pyr$nooarpe%,

SHORT NOTES.

Notes ok ths Floba. of Herts. — I send some more examples of
Rumex syheitriSy Wallr., &om a fresh locality in the neighbourhood of
Hertford, where they occurred at intervals along the roadside for the
distance of a mile or more. In addition to the typical aylvestru, the
specimens appear to present a series of intermediates tending to connect
that plant with R. Friesii, as usually occurring, and thus linking the
extreme forms. R, pratemis was growing in their company, as well
as R, conglomeratu8 and the ordinarv R, obtustfolius. The locality is at
some distance (three to four miles) from that first discovered m the
'Ware brickfield, and is open to no suspicion of introduction ; the plant
will not improbably prove to be common in the neighbourhood. — I may
take this opportunity of mentioning that the Eev. B. H. Webb has
placed in my hands the task of collecting materials for the Herts Flora :
so much additional information has been brought together that I have
hopes that a new edition may be possible at no very distant period, for
which I shall be individually responsible. To my last notice (Journ.
Bot., N.S., iiL, 22) I can add the following list, all plants which, to
the best of my knowledge, have not been previously recorded for the
county ; for some of these I have to thank the kindness of correspond-
ents i^-'Ranuneulm homceophylluSf Ten. (Colney Heath) ; R, radians^
Revel (Hitchin); R, submersusy Godr. (R. Lea, Himran, &c.); R.

z

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388 8H0BT VOTES.

pieudihfimtaM, Syme (the common Batracbium of the Lea) ; jR. Fiearia
var. incumben8y ¥. Schultz (Hatfield) ; Diplotaxis muralisy DC, with
its var. Bahifigtonii, 8yme (Watfoid) ; ErophUa hraekycarpay Jord.
(Wilstone) ; Viola Rwinia/na, Reich, (abundant) ; V. Reichenhachiana^
Bor. (not nncommon) ; Geranium striatum^ L. (Hitchin) ; Impatiens
parvijlara, DC. (Bedwell) ; Trifolium hylridum, L. (Hertford, &c.) ;
Lathyrus spharicusy Eetz (Cole Green) ; Z. latifoliw, L. (Hatfield) ;
Cratagus Oajyocon^AmViw, Thuill. (Hatfield, Hitchin, Wilstone, &c.);
Arctium nemorosumj Lej. (Hatfield) ; 2%ymtM Chamcedrys, Fr. (com-
mon) ; Polygonum nodosum, Pers. (Jonm. Bot., ix., 37) (St. Albans) ;
Rumex sykeatris, Wallr. (Hertford, Ware) ; R. maximus, Schreb.
(Hatfield); Chenopodium ruhrum var. psmdo-hotryoides, Wats. (Ware) ;
8alix ramulosaj Borr. (Wilstone) ; Orchis incamata, L. (Hatfield,
Welwyn, Hitchin, &e. ; most of tiie recoided localities for 0. " lati-
folia " in Herts probably belong here ; it is the only form that I have
seen.) Potamogeton hicsns var. acuminatus, Sebum. (Hertford). —
Papaver Leeoqiiy Lam., which seems to occur in several of the dis-
tricts, had been previously given by Dr. Syme on the authority of the
Rev. W. W. Newbould. Viola canina, L. (vera) ; specimens from this
county have been authenticated by Dr. Syme. JEruca sativay Rapistrum
rugosumy Dipsacus Ikdlonum, Cynoglossum Omphalodes have ako been
recently met with. It is not improbable that botanists residing in
neighbouring counties may have notes or memoranda relating to the
Flora of Hertfordshire, and I shall be grateful for any information
bearing upon the subject. I shall be happy to send to any one a list
of queries and desiderata. — Since the above was written I have
gathered Rumex syhestris at Hatfield, growing by itself, which still
further extends its distribution. The nut is quite that figured in the
Journal of Botany (plate 131). — R. A. Petok.

Ok a. New Yabiett op Rosa involuta (R. htvoltjta var, Webbh,
Balcer), — Mr. J. M. Webb has discovered, in August, 1873, in hedges
near Hoylake, Cheshire, a noteworthy new variety of Rosa invohta,
which I propose to call var. Webbii. It has the copious unequal
straight prickles of the type, leaves like those of Doniana in size, shape,
and serration, but quite naked on both sides, except that the midrib
beneath is clothed with a few obscure adpressed hairs ; common petiole
furnished with copious aciculi and gland-tipped bristles, but scarcely
at all pilose ; peduncle and ovary entirely naked ; sepals for the species
unusually large and compound (in one of the specimens now before me
all an inch long, with a dilated leafy point, the largest with three pairs
of erecto-patent pinnse) copiously gland-ciliated, but nearly naked on
both faces ; and oblong urceolate fruit entirely destitute of bristles and
aciculi. It comes nearest the Belgian variety subnuda of Cr^pin, but
that has leaves almost as densely glandular beneath as in the RubiginostB,
This is now the tenth marked variety of involuta that has been noted
in Britain, varieties quite as distinct from one another as the forms of
canina that have received specific names from Continental authors. —
J. G. Baxeb.

DiAKTHirs GiTLTiB, Janka, — Perennis, exceptis foliorum marginibus
Isevis ; caules elati, recti, subteretes atque obsoletissin^Le v. obliterate

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SHOBT KOTBS. 339

4-aiigali ; folia lineari-sabulata ; flores cffispitoso-fasciculati, numerosi,
bractesB in quodam flore 6-7, omnes oalyce hreviores, parte dilatataa ovato*
lanceolatse t. ovalsB Goriace» alh'da^ apice asquilongo, abrupte subulato-
acuminato herbaceo; calyx multistriatns subtus bracteas sequans,
dentes lanceolato-acaminati ; petala pulohre lutea, ssepe subtos fiilya,
lamina imberbis quidem sed tota superficie velutino-pilosnla calycem
dimidium aeqnans. In berbidis dnmosis planitiei prope Eboli non
procnl a Weapoli. Delevi d. 18 Mali 1874. Nominavi in honorem
clariscdmi Dootoris Gnlia in scientia naturali peritissimi atque mox
Floram insnlarum Melites edendi. — ^Victob db Janka in " H Barth "
(Maltese Medical and Scientific Journal) for 6th Aug. 1874.

Obobanchb bamosa, L. — I send a small piece of this, which I have
never before seen in a living state. It has made its appearance in a
portion of the Botanic Gkirden, Glasnevin, where we usuallj sow hemp,
upon which it is parasitic. — D. Moobs.

Etthex MABrmrcrs ik Hbbefobdshibb. — ^The enclosed specimen was
gathered within three miles of Hereford on marshy ground, the remains
of Ingwas Pool.— H. G. Bull. [Additional to Topogr. Botany. — £d.
Joum, Bot,']

Chenopodium bxtbbuh in Monmotjthshibe.— -This plant, not
hitherto recorded as occurring in sub-province 35, was observed, in
September last, growing plentifully along roadside banks between the
bridge over the river Wye and the railway station at Monmouth. —
A. G. MoBB.

New Bbhish Vlljxts, — ^We have been informed that during the ex-
cursion of the Scottish-Botanical Alpine Club to the Aberdeen and For-
farshire mountains in August last, Mr. John Sadler discovered a singular
alpine willow, which is to be described by Dr. Bos well- Syme under the
name S, Sadleri, Mr. Sadler also discovered in the same district Carex
frigiday All., growing in considerable quantity. These species are shortly
to be described and figured by the Edinburgh Botanical Society.

Caulinia spinitlosa, jK. Br,y has been hitherto only known by its
foliage. Ascherson says that no better idea can be given of its
habit than by stating that it resembles Potamogeton denms in almost
all its characters, only differing by its very sharply and distinctly ser-
rulate leaves ; and that besides the type in Brown's herbarium from
the shores of tropical Australia, he had seen specimens from the coast of
the Philippine Islands collected by Cuming, and from Port Denison
found by Baron F. v. Mueller and others. In the 68th part of his
" Fragmenta PhytographisB Australise " (p. 219), bearing date AuguSt,
1874, Mueller describes the fruit from specimens collected by Kilner
at Port Denison, which show the plant to form a new genus of Bgdro-
charidecB, near Thalasaia, He proposes to dedicate this to Dr. Ascherson,
to whom botanists are so much indebted for his researches into the
group of marine Endogens to which it belongs.

z 2

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340 Oir THB OOCUBBBNCE OF ALXJUISIUU IS CERTAIN CBTPTOOAMS.

€Ktxmfi atiti Wimatta.

NOTES ON THE OCCUERENCE OF ALUMINIUM IN
CERTAIN CRYPTOGAMS.

By a. H. Chxtbch, M.A.

All the more recent and exact analyses of the ashes of plants
show that the element aluminium is not to be found amongst the con-
stituents of flowering plants, and that its presence is confined to a few
of the Cryptogams. During the last two years I have been endeavour-
ing to give greater precision to our knowledge of this subject, and
through the kindness of various friends, including Dr. Hooker, oi
Kew, and Dr. McNab, of Dublin, t have been enabled to secure
authentic specimens of the different species of plants which I deemed
it important to analyse. My researches are by no means finished^ but
I have obtained results of so interesting and decisive a bearing that I
think they should be made known at once, even if incomplete.

In undertaking an enquiry of this nature there are three con-
ditions of success which must be rigorously fulfilled : the plants must
be absolutely freed from all extraneous matter previous to incineration;
the process for the determination of the alumina must be accurate, and
must not allow traces of this earth to escape precipitation ; and the
reagents and apparatus must not introduce any alumina. The first
condition was fulfilled by a system of washing and brushing the
various plants operated upon, and analysing the material experimented
on in different stages of purification ; it may be noted here that' in
the case of the plants in which aluminium occurs more was invariably
found in the completely washed than in the partially washed samples.
The second concHtion was answered by the use of the well-known
sodium hydrate and barium chloride process, as described in my
" Laboratory Guide," 3rd edition, p. 137 ; while the third condition
merely required the use of pure reagents, such as sodium hydrate
made from sodium, and of silver vessels instead of those of glass
generally employed.

Before giving my chief results a word must be said as to the
work already done in this direction. So far as I know, aluminium
has not been detected in the ashes of any plants save four, or possibly
five, and in one or two of these cases we lack information as to the
purity of the reagents employed; indeed, in most of them we maybe
sure that the sodium hydrate was not prepared from pure sodium.
On this account, I could not regard the recorded discovery of 1 or 2
pw cent, of AI2O3 in the ash of some of the plants analysed as con-
clusive of the occurrence of this constituent amongst those essential
to the plant itself. For instance, in 1856, Solms Laubach (Ann.
Chem. Pharm., c, 297) found in the ash of the Lycopodium dmticu-
latum of gardens (really a Sela^mella, the S. Kramsiana of Kunze)
42 percent, of silica and 2*0 per cent, of alumina, a small proportion,

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02f THB OCOUBXEMCE 07 ALVKISmXi IN GEBTADr 0BTPT0CMJC8. 941

it will be seen, of the latter earth, and one due very likely to its in-
ttoduetion from the reagents and the glass vessels used* But when
Kitthausen (Joum. Prakt Chem., Iviii., 13), in 1853, found 89-07
per cent, of alumina in the ash of Lycopodium Chamcbcypa/rhsm^ and
20-69 per cent, in that of L, chvatum, it was obvious that there was
no room to doubt the fact that alumina formed an importcmt part of
the fixed constituents of the plants analysed. Further, the above
results confirmi^d others previously obtained (1851 and 1852), and
have met since with general acceptance. What I have at present done
has been to examine other species of the same genus, Lycopodium^ and
a few plants belonging to closely-allied genera.

My first experiments were made upon two British Lyoopodia, Z.
chvatum and Z. alpinumy abundant supplies of these club-mosses in
fruit having been obtained &om a mountain district in Westmoreland.
A quantity of plants of each species was cleansed by careful brushing,
and the material thus prepared was burnt and the ash analysed.
Other portions were then brushed and washed in a stream of cold
distilled water, and then burnt, the ash being examined as in the
first instance. A third portion of each kind was then purified by the
most thorough brushing and washing, so that every particle of foreign
matter was entirely removed. The ash in the samples which had been
brushed merely, and in those also which had been further purified,
was greater in amount, but contained less alumina, than the ash of the
completely purified samples. As further washing neither lessened
the ash nor increased its percentage of alumina, it was considered
that all extraneous matter had been removed. The following per-
centages were finally obtained : —

Percentage 100 parts of Ash
of Ash contained

Dry Plant. AljOa. SiO,.
Lycopodium alpinum . . 3-68 33*50 10*24

Z. clavatum .... 2*80 15-24 6*40

These results really agree with those of Ritthausen ; for Z. alpinum
is a species closely allied to Z. ChamcBcyparissus, in which he detected
39*07 per cent, of AljO^, while my determination in the case of Z.
clavatum is not much lower than his, viz., 15*24 per cent, of AljOs in
lieu of 20*69.

The next point to be settled was the absence or presence of
alumina in the species of the closely-allied genus Selaginella, I ob-
tained a good supply of 8. Martemii Var. rohusta (the var. y compacta
of A. Braun), and thoroughly cleansed it previous to analysis. It
gave: —

Percentage 100 parts of Ash
of Ash contained
in ^ « ^

Dry Plant. AljOs. SiOj.
Selaginella Martensii . . 11*66 0*26 41*03

Practically, this \ per cent, of AljOj must be regarded as accidental,
and we may conclude that this constituent is absent from the plant in
question.

Further, to see whether alumina is really distinctive of LycopO'

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343 cnr THB oocDBXSf cs of ALUioHinK nr osbtaiv cbyttoqamb.

dtmmf and is always absent from SelagimHU^ other trials were made.
A quantity of another species of Lycopodnmi^ X. Mago^ was obtained
from Westmoreland^ and cleansed and bnmt, with the following le-
snlts: —

PflffoeDtige 100 parts of Ash
of Ash cootained

in , ' ,

Dzypknt. AlsOt* SiOi.
L. Selago . , . . 820 7-29 253

A result perfectly confirming my former conclusions, and the moie
particularly so, as the group of Lyeopodta to which Z. 8elago belongs
is separated from the group to which L, alpinium belongs by that to
which Z. clavatum belongs, thus : —

Chfder
Botanical Series. acoording to Peoroentage of

1 . Z.alpinum i 1 . , • 33'50

2 . . Z. clavatum I 2 . , . 15*24
S . . Z. Selago | 8 . . . 729

Kow there is a most interesting British /S^^tn^^, the only species
found in these islands, and a plant which has been ranged amongst
the Lycopodia until the last few years, when it was separated on
account of its mode of reproduction. This plant, formerly known as
Lyeopodtum selaginoidesy is now called Selaginella spmulosa. If the
element aluminium be really confined to the genus Zycopodium, this
plant ought not to contain it, and it does not according to the follow-
ing analysis : —

Percentage 100 parts of Ash
of Ash contain

Dry Plant AljO,. SiO,.

Selagindla spinulosa . . 8*44 none 6*67

A good supply of this plant was kindly obtained for me from Largo
Links, Fife, by Mr. Howie of Largo.

Many points remain to be determined by further research con-
cerning this occurrence of aluminium in species of Lycopodium, Is the
proportion in any one kind as fairly constant in quantity as the other
constituents of the ash ? Is the element present in every kind of
Lycopodium f I have commenced the study of another point con-
nected with the present inquiry, and have searched for and failed to
find alumina in the ashes of the following Cryptogams, more or less
nearly related to Lycopodium : —

Equtseium maximum,
Ophtoylosmm vulyatum,
FsHotum triquetrum.
I hope to analyse species of FhylhgloBsum and Tmesipterts, two
genera of Lycopodiea closely allied to Lycopodium, Isoetes, also, which
is separated from Lycopodium by SelagineUa^ should also be studied ia
this connection.

In the following table the results recorded in the present paper
are presented in a compact form : —

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CATkLOQTH^ OF ILAXDt SSMPSBTITUKS.

343

Lycopodtwn alpinum
Z. elavatum
L, Selago '.
8elaginella Martenaii
Selagtnella apinulosa
Equisetum maximum
Ophioglosmm vulgatum

Psilotumtriquetrum - - ,

[From the '' Chemical News," Sept. 18, 1874.]

Percentage
of Ash
in
Dry Plant.

8-68
2-80
8-20

1166
8-44

2002
8-26
606

100 parts of Ash
contain

Silica.

10-24
6-40
2-53

41-03
6-67

62-95
6-32
8-77

33*50
15-24

7-29

0-26

none

none

none

trace (?)

CATALOGUE OF HARDY SEMPERYIVTIMS.

By J. G. BiKEE, P.L.S.

DuBiNG the last few years that hardy Sempervivums have been
so much; in vogue for decorative purposes, I have often been asked
by correspondents to draw up a classified list of the published
species, so-called, for use in arranging collections, and showing
which of j the namea used in gardens have really any botanic «st and-
ing. I have always declined this request, on the ground of want
of material for drawing up such a catalogue with a reasonable
amount of accuracy. Many of the named forms, of which figures
have been published, come so near to one another that I feel quite
unable to say to which amongst several of them our gsu'den speci-
mens belong ; and on the other hand, several of the older named
forms have never been figured, and even when we possess authen-
ticated dried specimens they are of no use, because many of
the distinctive characters are lost in the process of drying. How-
ever, having this summer made the attempt to draw up a classified
oatalogue I now send you a copy of it, with the explanation that I
only look upon it as a very imperfect performance. It is simply
intended to be a catalogue of the names of the forms which have
been duly described in botanical books, with a reference to the place
where the best description which I know is to be found, and a refe-
rence always to any figure that has been published. I do not wish to
be understood as guaranteeing that each name represents a distinct
form. On the contrary, I beUeve that when the forms are compared
many of these names will, even for garden use, have to stand as
synonyms. It would be a useful service if some of your correspon-
dents who have time and opportunity of travelling about to see dif-
ferent collections would take these plants in hand, and work up a
monograph. What we want for a beginning is a set of drawings of
the forms described in the papers of Lehmann and Schnittspahn and
Schott, to be alluded to presently. I do not think it would be a diffi-
cult matter to get most of these, if anyone who had a good oppor-
tunity would keep the matter in view for a couple of seasons ; and
these once fully understood, the later named forms would have to be

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M4 CAIALOOUB OV HASDT SBfFBBTmniB.

compared with thmn. No doabt many of the garden forms are
hybrids, perpetuated b j yegetatiTe reproduction.

Many or most of the names in garden use not included in the fol-
lowing list will, no doubt, be found on comparison to belong to plants
already named according to botanical rule, and duly described. For
instance, liie plant widely spread in gardens as 8em»ervivum eaUfar-
nicum (which is an absurd name to give to a species of a genus entirely
confined to the Old World) is what Jor^m fdlly described long ago,
and has more recently admirably figured under the name of Semper-
vwum eakareumf and of course these published names get dreadfally
maltreated and mangled on garden labels. To give one instance only,
Sempervwum arvemenee (which means growing in Auyergne) gets
continually changed in the label-writer's hands into Sempervtvum
arvenae (which means growing in cornfields). At any rate, my cata-
logue may help in remedying this evil.

The principal special papers on Semfervivum^ where a consider-
able number of forms are fully described or figured, are the follow-
ing: — 1. A monograph of all the known species by Lehmann and
Schnittspahn in the Regemhurg Flora for 1855, beginning p. 1;
followed in the volume for 1856, at p. 58, by a list of thir^-six
species. This is an excellent paper; but unfortunately there
are no figures, and it is in German; bat this would be the
foundation to build upon for a monograph brought up to the present
date. 2. A series of isolated descriptions by Schott, in (Esterreiehischei
Botanisohes Wochenhlatty beginning with 1853 and extending over
several years : full excellent descriptions in Latin, but here again no
figures. 3. Etudes eur h genre Sempervwum, by Lamotte, an 8vo
pamphlet of 57 pages, published at Clermont-Ferrand, 1864. 4.
Descriptions in the second part of Jordan and Fourreau's Breviarium,
date 1868, pp. 28 — 46, of thirty-five species, so called, most of which
are admirably figured life-size in the loonee ad Fhram Europce of the
same authors, figs* 198—218. 5. A compendious classified siunmary
of the garden forms in Kegel's Oa/rtenfiora^ 1872, pp. 233 — 238. Copies
of all these are accessible in London, and have been used in drawing
up the following catalogue.

Genus SEMPERvrvuM, Linn.

SuB-GB]!njs 1. Sempervtvum proper: petals And sepals each ten to
twelve, spreading ; carpels the ^ame number, narrowed sud-
denly into short stellately divergent styles.

Division 1. — True Sempervivums with red flowers,

1. Oboup of S. tectobttm. Leaves glabrous on the surfaces, bordered
by a regular fringe of hairs not more than i — \ line long.

Sub-group 1. — ^Leaves large, obovate-spathulate, red-tipped, J inch
broad.

1. S. tectorum, Linn., as figured Eng. Bot., t. 1320 ; Curt
Lend., t. 105 ; Baxter, Brit. Bot., t. 401. (From this the plants
called in gardens calcaratumj Royeni^ rusticanum, and EoBgnerianum
differ very slightly.)

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CATALOCFITB Of HABDT SUCPlBTZYirMt. 345

2. S. Reginea-Amalise, Hdd. et Sort. I do not find aHy deecrip-
tion of this, but it is mentioned in Boissier's Flora Orientalis.
Sub-group 2. — Leaves oblanceolate-spathulate, 1 — 1^ inch long, | — ^
inch broad, green or greenish, with a distinct tip of red brown.
(Many of these I am quite unabk to separate, even as garden
forms.)
S. 8. Mettenianum, Lehm. et SchnitLy Flora, 1855, p. 4.

4. S. arvemense, Lecoq. et Ltmottey Cat., p. 179 ; Borean, Flore
da Centre, edit 3, p. 259 ; Lamotte, Etudes, p. 24, with description
of throe yarieties. veUarum, Usurinum, and pyrencdcumj of the first of
which, S. Zegrandi, F. Schultz, Flora, No. 30, Oct, 1867, is said to
be a synonym ex parte,

5. S. alpinum, Griseb. et Sckench, Linnsea, 25, p. 600.

6. S. dobmiticum, Facchini, Flora, 1854, p. 482.

7. S. Guillemoti, Zamotte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1856, voL iii.,
p. 457 ; Etudes, p. 22.

8. S. Boutignyanum, Billot et Oem.f Archives Flor. Franc,
1853, 263 ; Lamotte, Etudes, p. 32.

9. S. Schnittspahni, Lagger^ Regens. Flora, 1858, 659.

10. S. rubicundum, Schur,, TransyL, p. 229.

11. S. modestum, Jord. etFour., Icones, fig. 197.

12. S. robustum, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 200.

13. S. saxosum, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 207.

14. S. rigidum, Jord et Four., Icones, kg. 208.

15. S. cantalicum, Jord. et Four., Icones, ^g. 209.

16. S. leptopetalum, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 210.

17. S. erubescens, Jord, et Four,, Icones, fig* 211.

18. S. dicranocladon, Jord. et Fowr.^ Icones, fig. 212.

19. S. corymbosum, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 213.

20. S. constrictum, Jord, et Four., Icones, ^g. 214.

21. S. celsicaule, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 33.

22. S. collinum, Jord, et Four,, Brev. ii., p. 39.

23. S. speciosum, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 11.

24. S. brachiatum, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 13.

Sub-group 3. — Leaves shaped and coloured as in the last, but ap-
preciably smaller, and flower stems dwarfer.

25. S. parvulum, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 204.

26. S. constrictum, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 48.

Sub-group 4. — ^Leaves oblanceolate-spathulate, 1— IJ inch long,
|— J inch broad, very glaucous, with a very distinct red-
brown tip.

27. S. calcareum, Jord. Obs., vii., p. 26 ; Jord., et Four., Icones,
fig. 194 ; Lamotte, Etudes, p. 34 {S, califomioum, Hort)

28. S. racemosum, Jord. et Four,, Icones, fig. 195.

29. S. luxurians, Jord. et Four,, Icones, fig. 206.

30. S. pyrenaicum, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 44.

31. S. columnare, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 196.

32. S. violascens, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 34.

33. S. seusanum, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 35.

34. 8. trifurcum, Jord. et Four,, Brev. ii., p. 41.

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846 GATALMITB OW HABDT SEUPERTIYUICS.

Svb-graup 5.< — ^Leayes fl»iiie size and shape as in the last, gkncdos,
with an obscure red tip.
85* S. glancum, Tenore; Lehm. et Schnitti Flora, 1855, p. 3.

86. S. CamoUei, BaUa, FL Berg., 100.

87. S. Schlehani, >Schott, (Ester. Wochen., 1858, p. 12.

88. S. Schottii, Baker; 8. acunufiatum, Sehott, (Ester. Wochen.,
1858, p. 28 ; bat the name had been used bef<Hre for a Himalayan
species by Decaisne, Jacquem. Voyage, tab. 74.

89. S. adoxnm, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii, p. 40.

Svh-grcup 6.-^Leayes same size and shape as in the last, bat pale
green or glaucous, concolorous (not red-tipped).

40. S. decoloratum, Jord. et Four,^ Icones, fig. 198.

41. S. beugesiacam, Jord, et Four., Icones, fig. 199.

42. S. blandum, SchoU, (Ester. Wochen., 1858, p. 29.
48. S. rhodanicum, Jord, et Four,, Icones, fig. 201.

44. S. validum, Jord, et Four., Icones, fig. 208.

45. S. juratense, Jord. et Four.^ Brev* ii., p. 28 ; Beuter, Cat.
Genev., edit ii., p. 86.

46. S. praestabile, Jord. et Four., Brev* ii., p. 29.

47. S. sabaudum, Jorul. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 29.

48. S. obovatum, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 82.

49. S. pallidum, Jord, et Four., Brev. ii., p. 88.

50. S. breviramum, Jord, et Four., Brev. ii., p. 36.

51. S. monticolum, Jord, etFour., Brev. ii., p. 37.

52. S. ambiguum, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 17.

58. S. Lamottei, Boreauy Mem. Soc. Maine et Loire, 1859, p. 86 ;
Lamotte, Etudes, p. 7.

54. S. brevistylum, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 10.

55. S. Maitrei, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 19.

56. S. compactum, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 19.

Sub-group 7, — Dwarfer plants than the last sub-group, with oblanceo-
late-spathulate leaves, about 1 inch long, 4 lUies broad, pale
green or glaucous, without a coloured tip.

57. S. Yerloti, Lamotte, Etudes, p. 21 ; Jord. et Four., Icones
fig. 216.

58. 8. venustum, Jord, et Four,, Icones, fig. 202.

59. S. pallescens, Jord. et Four., Icones, fig. 215.

60. S. laetevirens, Jord, et Four,, Icones, fig. 205.

61. S. modestum, Jord, et Four., Brev. ii., p. 38.

2. Gkoxtp op S. pimbriatum. — ^Leaves fringed with longer and closer
cilisB than in the Tectorum group, and those of the top
variously directed, the hairs sometimes extending a little to
the back and £Eice of the leaf.

62. S. fimbriatum, Lehm. et Schmtt., Flora, 1855, p. 16; the
Himalayan plant figured under the same name by Klotsch (Reise
Wald., t. 43), is a totally difierent species.

63. S. Funckii, F. Braun; Koch, Flora, xv., p. 4; Sturm
Deutsch. Flora, xvi., t 67 ; Reich. Ic. Crit., t. 967 ; Jord. et Four.,
Icones, ^^. 218.

64. S. Pomelii, Lamotte, Ann. Auverg., p. 27 ; Etudes, p. 49

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ClTALOaiTB. OT HABBT SBMPlttVlVUMS. 34?

(refi^ded aa a hjbrid between arvermnst and arachnoiieum) ; lord,
et Four.y Icones, fig. 217.

65. S, angustifolium, Eemer^ (Ester. Woohen., 1870, p. 285.

66. S. piHferam, Jordan^ Obs., yii., p. 27 ; Lamotte, Etudes,
p. 44.

67. S. barbatalom, SchaU^ CBster. Woohen., 1853, p. 91.

68. S. atlanticnm, BaU ei Hook. JU.^ Bot. Mag., tab. 6055, as a
Bub-speeies of S, tectorum,

3. Gboitp of S. HONTAinnc. — ^Leaves puberulent on the face, without

any distinct fringe of hairs on the edges, as in the two fore-
going groups. Habit mostly dwarf.

69. S: niontanun\, IJinn. ; Lehm. et Schnitt, Flora, 1855, p. 19 ;
Jacq., Austr. Suppl., t. 41 ; DC, Plant. Grasses, t. 1U5.

70. S. monticolum, LamotUy Etudes, p. 52 ; ^^8. montanum^JAnu, et
Auct., ex parted*

71. S. alpestre, ZamoUe, Etudes, p. 54.

72. S. frigidum, LamotU, Etudes, p. 56.

73. S. marmoreum, Oriseb,, Spicel. Bumel. L, p. 329 ; S. man-
tanum, Sibth. et Smith, non Linn.

74. S. flagelliforme, Fisck ; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855, p. 18.

75. S. pumilum, M, Bieb,; Boiss., Fl, Orient, ii., p. 796.

76. S. stenopetalum, Lehm. et Schnitt.^ Flora, 1855, p. 18.

77. S. rupicolum, Kemer, CEster. Wochen, 1870, p. 285.

78. S. caucasicum, Rupreckt; Boiss., Fl. Orient, ii., p. 796.

79. S. assimile, Schott,, CEster. Wochen., 1853, p. 19.

4. Gboup op S. aeachnoidbitm. — Dwarf plants, with the tops of the

central leaves of the rosette united by a web of fine white
threads.

80. S. arachnoideum, Linn,; DC, Plant Grasses, t. 106 ; Jacq.,
Flor. Aust, t. 42 ; Bot. Mag., t. 68 ; Boreau, Flore du Centre, 3
edit., p. 261 ; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855, p. 20.

81. S. Doellianum, Lehm,^ Flora, xxxiii., p. 449; Lehm. et
Schnitt., Flora, 1855. p. 19.

82. S. rubellum, Timbal'Lagravej Bull. Bot. France, v., p. 14 ;
Lamotte, Etudes, p. 46 (as a hybrid between pyrenadum and
arachnoideurn).

83. S. tomentosum, Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1856, p. 57; S.
Wehhumumy Hort.

84. S. Fauconnetii, Beuter, Cat. Genev., p. 298 ; Gren., Flore
Jurass., p. 280 ; Godet, Suppl. Jura, p. 88.

85. S. heterotrichum, Schott, (Ester. Wochen., 1853, p. 83.

Division 2. — True Sempervivums (sepals, petals, and carpels 10—12),
tvith yellow flowers.

86. S. Wulfeni, Boppe; Koch, Syn., edit. I, p. 262, edit, ii., p.
289 ; Sturm, Deutsch. Flora, vi., t. 23 ; 8. globi/erum, Wulfen in
Jacq. Fl. Austr. t., tab. 40, non Linn.

87. S. albidum, Lehm. et 8chniU., Flora, 1855, p. 4.

88. S. armonum, Boiss. et Huet, Walp. Ann., vii, p. 923 ; 8.
ghhiferum, Boiss., Fl. Orient, ii., p. 797.

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348 Korrois of books.

89. S. Brannii, Funck; Sturm, Deutsch. Flora, 16, i. 67; Eoch,
SjDops., p. 263 ; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855, p. 7.

90. S. grandifloram, Haworth ; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855,
p. 7 ; S. globifenm, Bot. Mag., tab. 21 J 5.

91. S. globifemm, Linn, ex parte; Bot. Mag., tab. 507; Eocb,
Bot. Zeit., zviii., p. 210, tab. L; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855,
p. 6.

92. S. ruthenicum, Koch.f Sjnops, edit. 2, p. 289; Lehm. et
Schnitt., Flora, 1855, p. 5; 8. arenariumf SteviBn, in Herb. Kew.
non Koch.

93. S. Zellebori, 8ekoU, (Ester. Wochen., 1857, p. 245.

94. S. Pittoni, Sckott, Nyman et Kotechy, Analecta, p. 19.
SuB-GEinrs 2.— -JbrM-ftarJa, Koch {Diopogon, Jord. et Fonr.). Sepals,

petals, and carpels only six each; the flower yellow; the
carpels close to one another from base to apex, narrowed,
gradually into the long straight styles.

95. S. hirtum, Linn.j Sp. Plant., edit. 2, p. 665; Lehm. et
Schnitt., Flora, 1852, p. 21 ; DC. Plant. Grasses, t. 107 ; Diopog(m
Allioni, Jord. et Four., Icones., fig. 192.

96. S. straminenm. Baker; Diopogon stramineuBj Jord. et Four.,
Icones, fig. 193.

97. S. arenarium, Koch, Synops., edit 1, p. 883; Storm,
Deutsch. Flora, xix., t. 88 ; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855, p- 28 ;
Schott, Analecta, p. 19 ; 5. Kochii^ Facchini.

98. S. hirtellum, Schott, Verb. Sieb., Verein, 1857, p. 171.

99. S. Neilrichii, SchoUy Nym. et Kotschy, Anal., p. 19.

100. S. Heuffellii, SchoU, CEster. Wochen., 1852, p. 18 ; Biopo-
gon HesuffelUi, Jord. et Four., Brev. ii., p. 46 ; S. patens, Griseb. et
Schenk, Iter. Hung., p. 215; Boiss., Fl. Orient ii., p. 797; S.
Brassaii, Hort. Vindob.

101. S. debile, SchoU^ CEster. Wochen., ii., p. 18.

102. S. Hillebrandtii, ^ScAott, OEester. Wochen., ii., p. 18,

103. S. transylvanicum, Baker ; S. ciliatum, Schur., Fl. Transyl.,
p. 229, non Sims, Bot. Mag., tab. 1978.

104. S. soboliferum, Sims, Bot, Mag., tab. 1457; Koch, Syn.,
edit. 2, p. 290 ; Lehm. et Schnitt., Flora, 1855, p. 22 ; S. glohiferum
Linn, ex parte; Belch. Ic. Crit., tab. 839 ; S. hirtum, Jacq. Fl.
Austr., tab. 12.

[From the Gardener's Chronicle, 1874, pp. 103, 104.]

^tAltt^ of 50OOlU(.

Flora Cravoniensis ; or, ia Flora of the vicinity of Settle, in Craven,
in Yorkshire. ... By Joror WnrosoE, F.K.C.S., F.L.S., &c.,
llanchester, 1873. Printed for private circulation (pp. 177).
The author of this little contribution to local botany died on Sep-
tember Ist, 1868, at the good old age of 81. From the preface and

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NOTICES OP BOOKS. 349

body of the Flora, we find that at the begiuDing of the centary,
when a boy at Giggleswick school, he investigated the plants in the
neighbourhood of his native town, Settle, and was rewarded by
numerous discoveries — Poa alpina, JEjp^aotis atforuhem, Crepis succua-
folia, &c. — duly communicated to Sir J. E. Smith and Sowerby and
recorded in the '* English Flora," and other works of the time. From
the year 1815 till his death, the author was in the active practice of
the medical profession in Manehester, and paid only occasional visits
to his old neighbourhood — the last in 1867 ; the records in the book
before us are therefore chiefly of old date. In his early botanical
inquiries his instructors were William Kenyon, a naiL-maker, and
T. W. Simmonds, a medical man — ^who afterwards went as naturalist
to the W. Indies, where he died in 1804 — and his companions John
Carr, afterwards head-master of Durham school, tuid John Howson,
afterwards one of the masters of Giggleswick school. In those days
the Linnean system reigned supreme in England under Smith, and
though in this Flora the author, " in conformity with the more pre-
vailing opinipns and customs of the present day," adopted " what is
caUed the natural method," he still entei'tained for the supplanted
system *^ a sort of filial respect and attachment." Dr. "Windsor was,
indeed, one of the last of the old school of English botanists, and,
except for the adoption of the Natural System, his book is a good
example of the best form of the local Floras of thirty or forty years
ago.

It consists of a classified catalogue, with the English names and
references to the old " English Botany" of the flowering plants, ferns,
mosses, and lichens of a district limited (with very few exceptions)
to about 15 miles round Settle. The Fungi and Algae are not included.
Under each plant we have the localities (except for the commonest),
and it is evident that great care has been taken to insure accuracy in
them. A prominent feature indeed of the Flora is the impression it
gives of a very trustworthy character. There are some few critical
observations ; Hteracium Gibsoni of Backhouse is considered to be a
spotted form of -H". pallidum (var. petechiale) ; an interesting history
is given of the singular confusion which long prevailed between this
plant and Hypochoeria maculata. The author's views on the two forms
of Thlcapi alpeitre have been previously published in the Journal of
the Linn. Soc, x., p. 196. In the Cryptogamic portion much
information has been afforded by Dr. Garrington and the late
Mr. NoweU.*

It should be stated here that the Flora originally appeared as
papers in the new series of the " Phytologist," from 1855 — 1858,
which are here reprinted with many corrections and additions. The
friends of its lamented author are to be felicitated on the appearance
of so fitting a memorial of an estimable English botanist, and
those interested in the subject will be glad to possess a useful guide,
in a portable form to the botany of a favoured locality. It is to
be regretted that the book is not published. H. T.

* In connection with Settle botany it is perhaps worth while to make a
reference here to the pages of Dr. Merrett's Pinax Rer. Nat, Brit., first pub-
lished in 1666, where win be fonnd a good many localities for plants in the
district.

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350 BOTAFICAL ITSWB.

5S^otamcaI jpetoier.

AbIIOLSS in JoUSirAIiS.^SBPTEMBES.

GrevUlea. — M. J. Berkeley, "Notices of K. American Fungi'*
(contd.)— Nylander, Reply to Dr, Weddell's remarks. — J. M.
Crombie, " New Species of British tjicbens." — J. Stirton,- " Lecidea
subretusa, n.s." (Ben Lawers.) — Id., ** New British Licheins." — E.
Parfitt, ^^ Palmodictyon viridey Kiitz., in Devon.** — ^M. C. Cooke,
" Carpology of Peiiza *' (tab. 27, 80).— F. Kitton, ** Critical Notes on
some DiatomacesB." — ^W. Archer, " CvUndroeapsa involuta in Ire-
land."

American Natwrdist. — ^W. W. Bailey, " Azalea viscoaa a fly-
catcher."

Flora. — ^E. Fleischer, ** On the Embryology of Dicotyledons and
Monocotyledons" (contd.) — W. Nylander, " On Dr. WeddeU's remarks
in Grevillea."— J. Pfund, " Two Days in Suez " {Cleome ascheraoniana,
U.S., Fagonia Forekdliit n.s.)

Oeetm'. Bot. ZeiUohr.-^yr. 0. Focke, "'Hie Distribution of
Trees and Shrubs." — K. Mikosch, **0n the Occurrence of double
Stomata." — J. Kemer, " Flora of Lower Austria " (contd.)— J. C.
Schlosser, ** The Kabiiker Gebirge " (contd.)

Hed/wigia. — G. Winter, " Mycological Notes." — P. Magnus,
^^Ascmnycea Toaquinetii, West" (with plate).

Bot. Zeitung. — T. Irmisch, ** On the Morphology of some species
oi Geranium, especially G. aanguinewn and G. tuberoaum^* (contd.) — P.
Ascherson, " Preliminary report of the botanical result of Dr. JRolTs
expedition to explore the Lybian Desert." — ^F. Hegelmaier, •* On the
Development of the Monocotyledonous embryo, witii remarks on the
formation of the seed-cap " (tab. 10, 11).

Botaniaka Nbtiaer (Sept. 14). — E. D. Iverus, " Senedo vulgari-
viacoauaf S. vtdgaria var. villoma^ and GaUopaia ghnduloauaJ^ — Corre-
spondence.

Bull. Soe. Roy. Bot. Belgique (t. xiv., n. 1. Sept. 15). — ^B. C.
Dumortier, ** Jungermannideae EuropsB post semiseculum resensitae,
adjunctis Hepaticis " (tab. 1 — 4).

Bull. Bot. Soo. France (t. xxi., n. 2). — ^E. Cosson, " De Junco in
Gallia recentius observato " (/. lalticua ?). — Id., " Biography of A. F.
Passy.'* — C. Eoumegu^re, ** Unpublished Correspondence between
Alex. V. Humboldt and Aug. Broussonet on the Nat. History of the
Canary Is." — Id., ** On a monstrous Agaric." — M. Comu and Koze,
" List of parasitic Fungi collected May 8th, 1874, in wood of Meu-
don." — E. Cosson, "On the Cactoid Euphorbias of Marocco" {E.
Fchinua, Hook., f. & Coss. n.s.) — J. le Segues, ** Note on a mono-
graph of Fiatulina.** — C. Bichon, ** On a new species of Bendryphium '*
{D. pulchrum). — J. Duval-Jouve, " On the presence of a racheole in

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BOTAKICAL ITBWS. 351

the utricle of Carex ad^osU/la.^'-^'E, Heckel, "Anatomical condi-
tions of the induced movements of stamens of Mahonia and Berherts'^
— Id., " Movement of stamens of Sparmannia, Cistus, and Helittnthe-
mumy — E. Foumfeier, "On the Andropogons of Mexico." — J.
Poisson, " Report of excursion to Sologne." — G. de St. Pierre, " Ob-
servations on Lenticels." — C. Romegufere, "Second visit to Jardin
d'Experi^nce at CoUioure."

Annales des 8e. Nat, (s. 5, t. xx., n. 1 & 2. July). — C. E. Ber-
trand, "Anatomic comparde des tiges et des feuilles chez les
Gndtac&s et les Conif^res " (tab. 1—6).

New Booh. — ^F. A. Eliikiger and D. Hanbury, " Pbarmaoograpbia,
a history of the principal Drugs of vegetable origin," 8vo. (Mac-
millan and Co., IBs.) — E. Fries, " Hymenomycetes Europaei sive
EpicriseoB systematis Mycologici edito altera." (Upsala, 21s.) — P. A.
Saccardo, " MycologisB Yenetee Specimen.** (Padua, 1873, 9s.) —
E. Fries, " Icones SelectsB Hymenomycetum," pt. ix» — ^V. B. Witt-
rock, " Prodromus Monographiae (Edogoniearum." (From Acta Reg.
Soc. Scient., TJpsala, ser. 3, v. ix.) — L. Pfeiiffer, " Synonymiae
botanicsB 1870 editae supplementum primum." (Cassel, 28.) — B. C.
Du Mortier, " Jungermannideae Europae." (Brussels and Leipsig.)
— J.Windsor, " Flora Cravoniensis.'' (1873. I^ot published.) — F.
Liebman and J. Lange, " icones Plantarum sponte nasc. in regnis
Sueciae et Norvegiae, supplementum operis Florae Danic89 nomine
inscripti." Fasc. iii. (60 plates, completing the 1st vol.)

Exaiooata. — Etienne, Mousses de la Normandie, Fasc. iv. — Sac-
cardo, Mycotheca Yeneta, Cent. i. (12s.)

Pringsheim's " Jahrbucher f. wissenschaffcliche Botanik " for 1874
contains papers by A. Yogi on the structure of the wood of Ferreira
spectahilis, and formation of AngeHn Pedra resin (with 2 plates), by
Hegelmaier on cuticular structures (with 3 plates), by Pfeffer on the
phenomena of stimulation in Mimosa pudica, and by G. H. Yochtung
on the morphology and anatomy of the BhtpsaltdecB (with 18 plates).

Mr. J. C. MeUiss is preparing a work on S. Helena. It will con-
tain complete lists of &e natural productions of the island, and
the Flora will be illustrated by numerous coloured plates, including
figures of many of the almost extinct arboreous Compositae.

The Belfast Naturalists' Field Club published an excellent guide to
the district, apropos of the meeting of the British Association. It
contains a good account of the physical geography, geology, natural
history, and agriculture. I^he Botanical section occupies only thirteen
pages, and notices the chief plants of interest of Cos. Down and
Antrim.

A Flora of Mauritius is in preparation as one of the Colonial series
issued from Kew. The editorship will be in the hands of Mr. J. G.
Baker. A complete list of the plants of the island, so far as known»

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352 BOTAXICAL VXW8.

has been printed in tiie Transactions ei tito Eoyal Sodety of Arts
and Sciences of Manritiaa.

Dr. W. O. Farlowhas heem appointed assistant Professor of Botany
at Cambridge, United States. He is to be attached to the Bossey
Foundation at Forest HIHh, near Boston, where the Cryptogamie Labo-
ratory is located. Dr. Farlow was the purchaser of the important
collections of the late Mr. M. A. Curds, the well-known dyptogamist of
America.

There is a biography of the late Hugo yon Mohl in the Leopoldina,
heft X., p. 34.

An enumeration of the published works of the late Prof. Fee
occupies nearly five dosely-printed octavo pages of the last part of
the '* Bulletin " of the French Botanical Society.

The Caradoc Field Club held a meeting at Church Stretton on
October 14th, to investigate the district for Cryptogamie plants. In
spite of bad weather a number of specimens were collected. A
dinner at the Eaven Hotel, Shrewsbury, followed, afber which the
Eev. W. A. Leighton gave an address on the structure, growth, and
mode of reproduction of Lichens, illustrated by specimens from Ms
own herbarium ; and the Eev. J. E. Yize exhibited numerous micro-
scopic specimens of spores of Fungi, &c. A collection^ of the larger
Fungi attracted much attention. The meeting was in all respects
very satisfactory.

A Fungus show has been held at Munich, in the Crystal Palace
there, from October 3rd to llth, and is said to ha^e been visited by
nearly 50,000 persons. The arrangements were well made and the
plants carefully labelled. A list of the species exhibited will be
found in the " Gardener's Chronicle."

The Crjrptogamic Herbarium of Mr. I. Carroll of Cork, which is
very rich in Insh Lichens, and contains many of the late Admiral
Jones's specimens, has been acquired by l^e British Museum.

In the 25th volume of the "Transactions of the Koyal Irish
Academy," Dr. MciNab details the results of his experiments on the
movements of water in plants. We hope to give an account of these
at some future time, but take the opportunity here of quoting a part
of Dr. McI^aVs prefatory remarks : — " The chief difficulty I have had
to contend with has been the impossibility of obtaining in Dublin, in
the same locality, the two essentials for experimenting — namely, a
laboratory and a botanical garden. The appliances of a chemical
laboratory must be within easy reach of the plants to be experimented
on. . . As it was impossible to obtain in Dublin the necessary
laboratory appliances in or near to a botanical garden, I was compelled
to seek for a place to experiment in which they could be thus
obtained. I here take the liberty of suggesting that some steps
might be taken to obtain the necessary laboratory accommodation in
the botanical garden in this city." We hope the suggestion will be
acted upon, as it deserves to be ; as it is greatly to be regretted that
where ttie will and the necessary ability exist, good work should be
hindered or prevented by the want of the necessary appliances.

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3.53

<©ciginal %ttuk0.

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS A8 COBOL US.

By James REUNr*

(Plates 153— 156 *)

In "Ml, Boudier's well-laboured and elegant monographf of the
genus Ascoholus, or rather the genera which he collects togetHer in his
family Ascoholei, he objects to associate with these genera anyPezizse-
form fungus which does not embody three characteristics — prominence
of ascus, dehiscence of the ascus by an operculum, and absence of
nucleus or granulation in the spores. Many of the other Helvellacei
have one or two of these characters, but in the Ascololei alone,
according to M. Boudier's definition of the group, are the whole three
united. This definition consequently compels him to exclude from
his lists of species a minute cup-shaped fungus with aspect and habit
remarkably similar to the prominent species of his genus Ryparohius^
and like them endowed with many-Spored asci. He relegates this
plant, which he fully describes under the name of Peziza cuntculartay
to the vast genus Peziza. He concludes his description, however, by
saying that he does not doubt it will constitute a new genus, along
with the plant described by the MM. Crouan, when these Discomycetes
shall have been more thoroughly studied. M. Crouan's fungus is
presumedly the same as M. Boudier'8,or a sister form, and, as well
as a similar growth found by M. Leveille, accords with the verbal
description given by M. Boudier of his Pezita cumcularta.

1 have found many specimens of this minute and interesting growth
within the last few years. My principal gatherings have been made
in Herefordshire, but I have rarely failed to find it whenever or
wherever I have looked for it in a suitable locality. I have met witli
many varieties. Some differ but little from a normal form, others
present variations of sufficient importance to constitute in my view
specific distinctions, although all my plants will bear out the
characters given by M. Boudier with but trifling alterations. As
these salient varieties now number at least six, the time has perhaps
arrived, foreshadowed by M. Boudier, when a new genus or a nev
section may be formed to contain them.

Has then this small group of DlscomyceteB strong affinities either
to Peziza or AscoholuSf in which case it would be well to make them
a section of one of these genera, or are they, as M. Boudier holds,

♦ We are greatly indebted to the Woolhope Club, Hereford, for permission
to use these plates and the aceompanying text which were prepared for the
new volume of their Transactions. — l£d, Journ, £ot,]

t Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 6, torn, x., p. 191, (See also Joum. Bot., 18/0,
p. 40.)

K.s. VOL. 3. [December, 1874.] 2 a.*

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354 NEW SPSCIES 07 THS GENUS A8COBOLU8.

80 distinct (from Ascobolus at least) as to require for their nomencla-
ture the proposal of a new genus ? Mr. Cooke, it may be remarked,
in his "Handbook of British Fungi," follows only partially M.
Boudier's plan. As I understand M. Boudier, he makes use of five
generic names, and not of five sections of the genus Ascoholus. Such a
division of this genus, in sections under M. Boudier's generic names
(omitting Ryparobim and Theothecus not then found in England), Mr.
Cooke adopts, and he precedes it with Mr. Berkeley's old definition
of AscoholuSf in which " asci exploded," is the important character.
I presume, therefore, that he found M. Boudier's arrangement un-
manageable, if not based upon artificial rather than natural dis-
tinctions.

The marked characteristic of the funguses it is my object to
describe, is the possession of a strongly- defined ring near the sum-
mit of the ascus, formed at an early stage of life by a thickening
within of the external wall. This ring is in no way connected with
the subsequent dehiscence of the ascus. It does not contract, or dry
up, or split so as to constitute the portion of the ascus above it a
large operculum. It rather acts at last in opposition to such a
maHuer of rending. Dehiscence takes place transversely to the plane
of this ring, and forms a bilabiate opening above it and down to it.
For this reason M. Boudier excludes from his Ascololei a growth
which in all other respects, by aspect, by contour, by habitat, by
growth, and by enumeration of parts, is one^with the leading forms
of Rypa/roliuB, and in my view can hardly be separated far from
them without neglecting the piinciples of natural arrangement. * I
prefer, therefore, to think of the plants I describe rather as a section
of AscoholiMy which I would mainly found' upon " exploding asci,"
than as constituting with reason a new genus. The ripe asci are in
general strongly prominent, as much so as in Saccoholus and Asoopha-
nv8. I have often found empty cups by no means in a condition of
extreme decay, which seemed to me only to be accounted for by a
power of ejecting asci. I do not think it would be advisable to
admit into Feziza or Belottum, which have only an eight-spored ascus,
species having multisporous asci. I propose then to form a sixth
section of Aseoholus under the title of Ascozonua,

The formation of the zonal stripe upon the ascus of these Ascoholi,
which distinguishes them so definitely from the members of all other
sections, can be well made out. I have been able in more than one of my
species to trace its creation quite satisfactorily. In the earliest con-
dition of the ascus, up to about half growth, the contents are nearly
uniform, or present only faint spherical outlines of various sizes
sparsely and irregularly placed within the uniformly thin walls. At
this time the contents begin to differentiate. Large globular granu-
lations collect along and about the axis of the ascus, surrounded hj a
homogeneous stratum which extends to the general wall. This
central granular mass pushes out near its tip horizontally a lens-
shaped extension till it touches the wall near the widest part. Here
for a while it seems to solder to the wall, spreading slightly above
and below the first fine circular line of contact. At this line a
thickening now takes place upon the wall, and is soon seen to have
a semicircular section projecting inwards. The central globules now

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NRW SPECEES OF THE GBKUS ASCOPOLUS. 355

contract, the lentifonn portion quits the wall, and leaves the thick-r
ened line as a ring. They soon redissolve, and the tolerahly uni-^
form mass presently begins to differentiate anew into spores, which
enlarge, thicken in substance, acquire a visible epispore, and float in
a thin liquid. In several species they gradually aggregate into a
compact ovate mass, rising towards the upper part of the ascus.
Meanwhile the outermost homogeneous stratum thins away till the
ascus is seen to be filled only with a fluid in which the aggregated
spores are floating. I am not aware of any physiological reason for
the lentiform protraction, which thus causes the zonal thickening,
but it has been more or less completely observed in every species de-
scribed. The figures have been drawn from A. Woolhopmsis in which
the changes are well marked.

The plants are for the most part exceedingly small, rarely exceed-
ing A in diameter. They have usually a silvery whiteness and
purity very attractive under the microscope. The number of spores
within an ascus is generaUy 64, but the difficulty of counting them
is great and rarely allows the exact number to be made out. Thirty-
two are less frequently met with. They vary, however, from 16 to
128 or more. The spore-number seems constant in the same species,
and thus constitutes a good* specific quality. The walls of the cup are
usually thick, that is, comyosed of several layers of cells. In one
species, however, the cup is formed of a single stratum. The cells
vary much in size ; in -4. Woolhopemis being very large and bladdery.
The fringe of hairs on the margin of the cups varies in length and
in evennesss. The Asci are usually curved and never cylindrical. They
dehisce, as I have said, by a rent which commences at the tip extend-
ing straight down on two sides to the ring. The two valves thus
formed are usually well parted. Paraphyses are very rarely met with,
asci seem to be exploded very frequently, if not as a rule. The older
the cups the fewer asci are to be met with, and cups entirely empty
and but slightly discoloured are often seen.

The Aseozoni are found on the dung of rabbits and hares, birds
and mice. At most seasons of the year they may be met with but
chiefly in winter. That this season should exhibit them in greater
abundance is probably to be ascribed to the greater dampness then
prevalent, which allows of growth uninterrupted by drought.

AscoBOLiJS, Fers.f § Ascozonus, iJmwy. (sect, rovj.)

CupulfiB minutissimae, lucenter hyalinae, hemisphericae et sessiles,
aut subconicee et stipitatas, glabrae aut in una specie subhirtse, ad
marginem pilis plerumque uniseriatis coronatae, stercoricolaB. Discus
planus aut oonvexus, ascis prominentibus papiilatus. Asci ampli, cur-
vati, clavati aut oblongo-ovati, sporas 16 ad 128 aut etiam plures
includentes, annulo subcrasso conspicuo versum apicem cincti, fissura
verticali bilabiata dehiscentes. Paraphyses innumerosee, interdum
furcatae. Sporae numerosae, oblongo-fusiformes, intus egranulosae, epi-
sporio hyaline glabro inclussB, ad maturitatem asci extremitatem
versus in massam ovatam imbricatam plerumque aggregatae.

A. cuNicuLARiiTS, Menny, Pezha cuntcuiarta, Boudier, Ann. des
Sc. Nat. V. ISer., tom. x., p. 258. Ascoholus Leveillei^ Crouan, Flore

2 A 2

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356 ITEW 8PBCIBS OF THl^ OBNUS ASOOBOLUS.

de Fin., p. 57, suppl. f. 1 (in parte). Ryparohius argenteus, B. &
Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. Ser., vol. xi. p. 347.

Minutissimus, sessilis, glaber, argenteus, pilis uniseiiatis aequali-
bus moUibus ciliatus ; cellulaB exteriores cupulae nee bnllatse, paene
plane ; sporae 64.

Cups its — ihs in. wide adhering to a few fine filaments, sessile,
smooth, of a silvery whiteness, bearing a single even row of sub-
cylindric smooth hairs not septate but cellulose about \ of the
total height. Asci curved, not so broad as in some other species. Pa>-
raphyses few, rather enlarged towards the tip : Mr. Berkeley found
them forked. Spores 64. Towards maturity the originally hemi-
spherical cups flatten not inconsiderably. [Tab. 155, fig. 1-4.]

A. WooLHOPBNSis, Eenny. Ryparohius WoolhopetmSy B. & Br.,
Ann. Nat. Hist., iv. ser., vol. xi., p. 347. Minutus, primum candi-
dus dein albidus; cupulce basi substipitiformse incrassataB, infeme tuber-
culatse, sursum pilis mollibus partim biseriatis coronatae ; sporae 64.

Cups 1-40 and l-60th in. wide and high. Spores normally 64
fusiform •0007x*0003. Minute, scattered, at first white, then dingy
with a thick stem-like base which is studded with large uneven semi-
globular wart-like cells fringed with unequal close-set or over-lapping
hairs which seem here and there to form a* double row arising from the
much smaller rounded even cells which form the margin.

On birds' dung. Winter. Hereford. [Tab. 153.]

A. Leveillei, JRenny. Minutissimus, stipitatus, dare albus.
Stipes de cellulis bidlatis formatus, cupulam obconicam cellulis ex-
teme subplanis conditam inferens ; asci ampli prominentes bene
annulati ; sporse 64 ad 96, oblongo-fusiformes, in massam imbricatam
ad asci extremitatem aggregatsB.

" Yery minute is — i^xs in. wide and high, stipitate, silvery white.
Stem formed of rounded prominent cells, the body of the cup of
smaller much flattened cells. Marginal hairs in a thin single row
short and irregular. Disc rough with the promiment asci which are
very broad, tapering below, with strongly marked rings. The spores
are moi^ numerous than in A. WbolhopensiSf amounting probably to
96, and their collected mass is more compact and imbricate. The finer
proportions and the thinness of the row of hairs seem also to dis-
tinguish it from that species, while the spore number distinguishes it
from A, parvisporus.

On rabbits' dung. Winter. Hereford. [Tab. 154, fig. 1-5.]

A. Ceouani, Renny. — Minutissimus, primum candidus dein albi-
dus, fragilis, sessilis, hemisphericus, glaber, substantia laterum strato
cellularum unico fonhata, ad marginem pilis uniseriatis curtis asperellis
subacuminatis ciliatus ; sporae 32.

Cups yfe rarely lixy in., formed of a single layer of subcubical
cells, with a single row of sharp, pointed hairs often roughened on
their sides about one-sixth to one-eighth of the whole height. Disc
plane, granulate. Asci narrower than usual. Spores normally 32,
oblongo-fusiform. To be distinguished from A, cunieularius by the
shorter and tapering rough cilia as well as by the thinness and trans-
parency of the walls.

On rabbits' dung. Autumn. Hereford. [Tab. 154, fig. 6-10.]

A PAKVispoRus, Renny. — Minutissimus, fragilis, sed camosior

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ON TEITigUM PUNGENS. 357

quam alteris-primum totus albus, dein subvinose tinctus, subcylindricuB
aut obconicus, exteme bullatus et interdum celluloso-penicelliatus,
pilis insequalibus asperellis ad marginem ciliatus. Sporse regulatim
16, interdum plures usque ad 24?, fusiformes, sed nee tarn oblongae
quam in alteris speciebus.

Very minute, though fragile somewhat more fleshy than other species.
White and brilliant at first, then duller with a faintly vinous tinge.
Substance formed of bladdery polygonal cells, 'unequal in size and
often projecting in hair-like-threads, such as are frequently seen
in Peziza granulata. Margin unevenly fringed with somewhat
roughened subulate hairs, often in a partly-double row. Disc flat
at first, then filled with the prominent broad slightly clavate 16-
spored asci. Spores normally 16 ? More have been found, but the
number is very inconstant ; probably 24 is nearly as frequent as
16. They are not closely aggregated or regularly imbricated in the
upper part of the ascus.

On rabbits' dung. Autumn. Hereford. [Tab. 156, fig. 1-5.*]

A. sFBHiitTUs, Renny, — Minutus, clare hyalinus sessilis hemi-
sphericus pilis curtis insequalibus 2 vel 3 connatis hue et illuc sub-
hirtus corona pilorum curtorum in89qualium ad marginem investitus.
SporsB 128 ? nee minus.

Minute, but larger than most species; ^ — to ui«> P^r© white,
nearly transparent, sessile hemispherical, dotted with short
unequal hairs, m9stly connate in pairs or threes besides the
unevenly ciliated margin. Disc flat, coarsely papillate. Asci
very wide ('0035 X '0015) subovate, somewhat constricted at the
strongly-marked ring which is near the flattened tip. Spores very
numerous, not less ttian 128, collected finally into a dense, regularly
imbricated, ovoid mass in the upper part of the ascus.

On rabbits' dung. Autumn. Hereford, [Tab. 155, fig. 4-7.]

ON TRITICUM FUIT0EN8, Koch.
Br THE Hon. J. Leicester "Wabben.

Ojf any portion of the English coast which the writer has of
late years visited, there has grown a set of sea couch-grasses, catching
the eye at once and forming no inconsiderable factor of the shingle or
sand vegetation. In old days and iu the old herbaria these Tritica
passed muster for ^^ junceumy'^ or " repensy^ according to the taste of
the individual collector ; at the present time most botanists gather
one example wherever they happen to be, put it in their box,
and, having thus appeased their critical consciences, think no more of
it ; but pass on to more inviting sea-side rarities, such as Frankenia or
Inula crithmoides,

Kow, if chance has taken the collector across hard glareal flats
of caked salt mud and shingle the chances are that ho will ^^box"

* The engraver has omitted to mark the ascus with its inseparable ring.

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358 ON TRiriCUM pitngens.

Tritieum fungens, Eoeh. If his day lies among shifkiag sandy banks
and dunes, along slopes oflight poor littoral pasture, our expectation is
that he will gather Tritieum acutum, DC. For, as a rule, the latter
grows on a soft slope, the former on a hard flat ; and doubtless the more
erect habit of pungens and the more procumbent growth of acutuiUy
either leads each plant to select such habitats respectively, or is the
result of each sub-species having grown for many generations under
such a difference of physical conditions.*

Another point : T, pang$n8 is a more densely gregarious plant than
its congener. If you can see ahead an actual waving corn-field (as
it were) of sea- Tr«W^m, it will certainly prove T. pungena, T, acutum
is gregarious also after its fashion, but it likes sufficient elbow-room
for its stalks, and its individuals are sprinkled about, over large tracts
often, at regular intervals of a few inches, but never as close as a crop
of grain. For, growing as it does with its head closer to the ground,
and with a spike, too, which presents a much narrower and more
narrowly distributed surface of resistance to the wind than pungena^
its individuals are not so top-heavy in a breeze, and do not wave at a
distance in the same way. When you have come up to the grass and
gathered it, a good rough and ready field-test for knowing the two
allies apart, is to ask yourself the question, whether the specimen in
your hand most resembles in the arrangement of its spike an ear of
wheat or a head of the common inland " couch," its cousin-german.
Be the spike wheat-like — ^e^^pungens: be it like Tritieum repent —
say with fair confidence aeutum. Translate this difference, if yon
please, into terms more scientific, and you wUl find that the compact
spike of pungens takes up relatively a much shorter portion of the
stem than does the lax spike of acutum and that the glumes embrace
their contained spikelets much higher up in aeutum than is the case in
its ally. Acutum has leaves of thinner texture than pungens, and
shallower ribs upon their upper surface. Over these ribs small as-
perities appear, not in lines, and as if sown broadcast. In pungens the
leaf-ribs bear one or two rows of larger asperities declining in lines
towards the apex of the leaf.f

* There are, of course, exceptions ; indeed acutumhaa been gathered in the
interstices of a sea-wall, but then there was a shifting bank of sand, both above
and below it. Again, a bed of old musselUshells supplied some excellent Bpeci-
mens, &c. But, with a fair percentage of allowance, I think the difference
holds good ; lower down I illustrate my meaning by selecting, to illustrate the
kind of place these two grasses select, the littoral section of Scleroehloa as often
growing yn\h pungens^ and Ammophila as often growing with. <icutu/n.

t Those who wish to study Tritieum under its ''caract^res anatomiqaes **
should at once consult the admirable papers of M. Duval-Jouve, whose chief
monograph on Agropyrum is contained in Vol. viL of the ** M^moires dePAca-
demie de Montpellier." It would be beyond the scope of this paper, intended
maioly to guide the field-botanist, if we attempted to follow him into characters
which lie beyond the reach of a collector's lens of fair power ; though doubtless
the botany of the future will become more and more microscopic. English
botanists, with Dr. Syme and Prof. Babington at their head, look down upon
a Tritieum leaf, and draw characters from the co-ordination of asperities along
its surface. M. Duval-Jouve disregards such characters (and in many speci-
mens they certainly fail us) ; he observes two tizes o/rib9 which in both subspecies
alternate with fair regularity ; and his plates present us with vertical sections of
the leaves of the leading sub-species in this group, beautifully executed and

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OK TEITICUM PUNGEN8. 359

Qaitting technicalities and passing to the distribution, as yet very
imperfectly known, of these two grasses in Britain, we may suspect
that T, pungens is certainly the c )mmoner plant and more widely
distributed, at least in England.

Dr. Syme has seen specimens of pungens from Devon, "Wight,
Sussex, Kent, and Essex. I have collected it myself in Hants,
(JSayling Island), Essex, Cheshire, and Sussex. I have also Kent
specimens from Dr. Trimen. In Cheshire I have not yet seen
acutum. In Sussex it grows in great profusion along the whole
coast (except where built upon) from Brighton westward to two
miles beyond Worthing ; in fact, as far as I have followed the coast-
line. At Littlehampton where dunes of shifting sand diversify and
occupy the coast, here, in the head-quarters of its ally, pungem becomes
comparatively rare. On the Cheshire coast, which north of Parkgate
more resembles the seaboard at Littlehampton than at Brighton, it is
nowhere in great profusion. 1 should name Selerochloa maritima as
its most frequent associate.

Dr. Syme appears to regard acutum as the more widely-dis-
tributed plant of the two, and gives no detailed distribution,
perhaps from its extending farther north into Scotland. But
he has not seen specimens from north of St. Andrews, Fife, and
Cumberland. I have seen freshly-gathered specimens from Lancashire,
and others from Kent (Dr. Trimen), and I have gathered the plant
in Hants and Sussex. At Littlehampton on both sides of the river
it may be studied to great perfection. It occupies much the sort of
shifting bank and sandhill which suits Ammophila, which may be
taken as its common companion. I never saw Ammophila between
Brighton and Worthing.

Taken as an aggregate these two sea-grasses constitute a single
good species, possibly two good ones.* I cannot combine them as
triplets of subspecies either with T, repma^ as Dr. Syme does, or with
T,junceumy as Dr. Hooker does. They seem best placed as a couplet
of sub-species, with, say, some super specific name like Triticum litto-
rahf to embrace both, and read in our native lists T, repena, UttoraUy
funceum. The leaf-texture and armature keep repena specifically
apart from pungena and acutum. The organic difference implied by
the high fragility of the internodes in Junceumf forbids any "lumping"
in that direction. Its larger, fewer spikelets, narrower, more involute
and densely hairy (though ultimately glabrous) leaves, supply besides
good secondary characters.

Description of Triticum pungens, Koch., as a sub-species. — Root-
stock far-creeping, but penetrating to no great depth, producing
rather close tufts of barren and flowering stems. Stems growing
many together, though hardly caespitose, very erect, strongly genicu-

hlghly magnified. We realise very forcibly by these " side views " the much
greater prominence of ribbing which acutum, littorale {pungens ?) SLndjuneeum
present as contrasted with repens and caninum, though a finger touch makes
this evident enough. Juneeum appears in section thickly covered with long
spreading hairs, which, however, the essay says soon fall off.

^ I suppose Prof. Babington's var. Uttoreum of T, repens (omitted in the
seventh edition of the Manual) may be held to fall under pungent somewhere.

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560 OK TttrriciTM pungens.

late, solid above, hollow in the lower intemodes. Leaves rigid,
erect, leathery, rough, glaucous, flat at their base and gradually more
involute towaids their ultimately pungent apex, faintly streaked aod
nearly smooth beneath, above, furrowed into many sub-equal thick,
deep, parallel ribs, each bearing one or two regular rows of asperities,
which decline towards the apex of the leaf ; upper side of leaf glabrous
or very slightly hairy. Spike rigid, stiff, short, compact. Rachis rough,
not arching or brittle. Spikelets (7-25) rather obliquely set, com-
pressed oval, 6-to 13-flowered, the basal one or two often a little re-
moved from the rest of the spike, but the rest much longer than the
in tern odes. Glumes subequal, laneeolate, or ovate*lanceolate, half
the length of the average spikelet, with membranous ciliate margins,
distinct ribbing, the midrib often spinous for half its length, obtuse
with a short apiculus, or mucronate, or acuminate, or strongly awned.
Pales lanceolate, ribbed, and strongly keeled, awned, or acuminate, or
mucronate, or obtuse with a minute apiculus. Axis of the spikelets,
mealy throughout, but more so on that side of each internode which
lies under the lower pale of the spikelet abo7e it.

Var. a. aristatum. — Glumes tapering, subulate, awned, hardly
(without the awn) half the length of the spikelet. Pales acute,
awned, tipped (like the glumes) with a long stiff bristle or arista,
longer usually than that of the glume, its midrib scabrous and margins
ciliate. Spikelets 6-9 flowered, about 11-14 on each spike, spikelets
larger and less compressed than in var. ft. much less so than in var. <r.
Tiie uppermost sheath covering rather more than half the stem.

Local? Near the farm at New Salts, Shoreham, just across the
Norfolk suspension bridge.

Var. b. mucronatum.-^Glvimes lanceolate acute, mucronate, about
half the length of the apikelets, less prominently ribbed than in var.
a,, and hardly scabrous on their keel. Pales tapering, muoronate,
furnished, in a more marked degree than the glumes with a short,
thick, rather abruptly-pointed mucro. Spikelets 7-9 flowered, about
11-13 to the spike, less compressed and less divergent from the rachis
and larger than in var. c. Spike shorter, densely and less sym-
metrically arranged than in the other vars., the midway spikelets of
the spike often larger than the upper or lower ones. ITppermost
sheaths usually covering a good deal more than half the stem.
Leaves very tough, narrow and usually involute nearly throughout.

Probably the commonest form, and to me the type. Essex.
Sussex Coast, passim. At the turnpike-bridge over the Arun at
old Shoreham. Just north of Parkgate, Cheshire.

Var. c. pymanthum, Gren. & Godr. (Syme E. B.). — Tllumes
lanceolate obtuse, subapiculate, rather less than half the length of the
full-flowered spikelets, with scabrous keels. Pales obtuse, truncate,
with a very minute apiculus. Spikelets 6 — 3 flowered, much compressed,
rather divergent from the rachis, about 11—13 to the spike, very
symmetrical and of one si^e throughout the spike, smaller than in the
two previous vars. Spike shorter than in the other vars., neat, dense.
A greater portion of the stem left bare above the uppermost sheath
than in the other vars. The leaves (especially the lower) flatter,
less involute, and thinner than in the other vars.

General in Sussex, though likely local elsewhere. Portslade, &c.

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ON THITlCtTM PTTNGENS. 361

I refer these specimens to pycnanthum of Grenier & Godron, on Dr.
Syme's authority.

Yar. d. distichum, — Glumes lanceolate-apiculate, more than half the
length of the spikelets, and rather less than two^thirds. Keels faintly
scarious near their apex. Pales lanceolate truncate, apiculate (apiculus
rather longer than in var . (?.). Spikelets linear-elliptical, narrower than
in the other yars., less compressed, 6-7 flowered, and much more nume-
rous, 21 — 25 to each spike, curving markedly outwards from the slightly
curved rachis in a rather remarkable distichous arrangement. Spike
curving (not rigid) and much longer than the previous vars. (3 J to 4
inches long as compared with var. c , 2 J to -3 inches.) Uppermost
sheath higher than in var. c?., but lower than in a and h. Leaves rather
thin and not so markedly involute as the two first vars.

Eare? Near the Aldrington Gate, Portslade. A remarkable
plant, which may prove distinct.

These four varieties, a. artstatum, b. mucronatum, c. pycnanthum,
d. ddsttchum, are arranged accordingly to their relations to the species
T, acutum. The var. distichum, as the nearest allied, is placed last ;
the var. aristatum as most intense T, pungens, first. It must be
clearly understood, that I do not claim any more than varietal value
for any of the four. Of these distichum alone seems in any degree
to approach sub -specific distinction. Fycnanthtm is also a good and
well defined form, but doubtless a/ristatum and mucronaium will be
ibund to shade off into each other. There is found to exist a cuiious
and close parallelism of variety in Triticum repens, T, pungena, and
T. acutum — parallelism which Lolium and BracJiypodium also give indi-
cations of continuing. T, junceum alone in Agropyrum hardly ever
varies. The genera of Rosa ondiRuhm are full of such curious para' lei
equivalences of divergence in their various sub- specific groups.

On reference to English Botany (vol. xi., p. 180), it will be seen
that while the variety 7 pycnanthum of Grenier and Godron is re-
tained, I have felt compelled to rename and rearrange the rest of the
varietal scope of our sub-species pungens for these reasons. Triticum
littorale, as figured by Host in his Icones et Descriptiones Graminum
Austriacorum (vol. iv., t. 9) gives on the same plate and under one
common name two different plants ; one of which is in his text (,p. 5.)
described as being **spiculis aristatis," the other as **8piculis
muticis/' Now Keichenbach (/<?. Flo. Germ, et Eeh. (Ed. Sec.)
vol. i., tab. cxxi,, fig. 263), only reproduces that part of Host's
plate and description which refers to the awned plant ; relegating
in a note the obtuse-glumed plant to T. repens as a variety.
Dr. Syrae (E. B., vol. xi., p. 180) follows Eeichenbach in
this narrowing of Host's Triticum littorale. But it is evident that
the original plant, as published at Vienna in 1809, embraced
what we now call pycnanthum of Grenier and Godron, as well as
the after-restricted littorale of Eeichenbach ; which last in its turn
probably included my var. P mucronatum. Would it not then have been
better to have widened Host's littorale, by the inclusion of the after-
wards distinguished T. acutum, thus making littorale the super-species
to our set of littoral couch-grasses excepting yww(?^ww — than narrow its
original scope into a mere varietal label in this group, in which last
category it does not seem here advisable to use it ?

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362 QN TUITCmf PUNGBNS.

T, littoraUf Host., receives with pr(^riety a mnch wider range in
Duval-Jouve's monograph; its "formes les plus saillantes" are
gathered up into three Tars.

a. genuinum ut vulgatim: — Glumes et glumelles ohtusiuscules,
k peine mucronulees ; dans ce groupe rentre un forme amai-
gn% a epi pauciflore et snhule.
p, harhatum .'—Glumes acumin^es ; glumelles acumin^es ou bar-
hues. =2^. ^M«^tf««, plar. Auct; an Persoon?
y. ohliquum: — Glumes brusquement arrondies et obtusea; glu-
melles plus ou moins obtusus=^. pycnanthum, Godr.
Compare now the three vars. of T pungens, Koch., as given in
Syme E B.

ou genuinum. — Glumes and pales sub-obtuse, apiculate or very

shortly mucronate.
p. Uitorale, — Glumes acuminate. Pales acuminate and mucro-
nate or awned.
y. pycnanthum, — Glumes abruptly rounded and obtuse. Pales
obtuse not mucronate but sometimes apiculate, &c.
Now I presume from the exact aiMilogy between these divisions of
pungenSf Koch., in E. B., and of Uttorale^ Host., in Duval- Jouve, that
Dr. Syme has accepted the latter name, as expanded by the botanist
of Montpellier, as a fair equivalent to the connotation of his idea of
Triticum pungens, Koch.* So far so good ; if the extent of either
sub-species, though diversely named, be the same, the first given
variety, of each author, named alike and described alike, surely ought
to tally.
' Take first the typical ^wn^^« of E. B., that is a. genuinum, Syme.
Eeichenbach (t. cxxiii., fig. 266) figures as acutum a plant which
Dr. Syme selects as a suitable figure of ty^e pungens. The plant drawn
' next to it (fig. 266), and given as ptmgens by Reichenbach, Dr. Syme
passes over in silence. Certainly the panicle is drawn much too lax ;
but, in spite of this, M. Duval- Jouve adopts Reichenbach' sjmw^^w* as
his own idea of that name, which, however, only* appears in his
paper as a synonym ; while he refers the plant (fig. 266, Dr. Syme's
type) to T. ohtusiusculum, Lange, which in his Danish Flora has acutum
interposed between it and pungena I think, therefore, though their
descriptions tally, it is more than probable that the genuinum of Dr.
Syme is not the genuinum of M. Duval-Jouve. And, therefore, to
adopt that name in this paper might only aggravate a suspected
ambiguity. Debarred thus from using two out of three of the varietal
names of pungena in E. B., an attempt was made to recur to the
varietal naming of M. Duval-Jouve as given above. But the mis-
fortune is that these are published as varieties of T, liUorale, Host.,
not as varieties of T.pungens, Koch., and even assuming a fair equiva-
lence between two names for a grass which produces protean forms,
still littorale under a French aspect does not seem to agree in its
''formes les plus saillantes" with pungms under an English view.

#

♦ "With this exception, Dr, Syme would apT>arently, if it turned up in Eng-
land, place the inland form T, intermedium, Host. (=:fide Duval-Jouve to T,
eampestre, G. and G.) as a fourth var. 7. under pungena. While out of respect
for tradition rather than from conviction Duval-Jouve makes T. intermedium.
Host, a subspecies by itself next to but distinct from T. littorale.

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DESCBXPTION OF HBW SPECIES OF ULLkCEM. 363

Neither could this he expected. Three varieties are arranged afresh
in this paper, for which the writer does not attempt to claim finality.
A wider experience of this multiform* Tritieum round the whole sea-
hoard of these islands is sure to demonstrate the inadequacy, perhaps
the inaccuracy of the yarieties here set forth. But this attempt
will have fultiiled its purpose, if it incites other hotanists to a more
perfect study of Tritieum pungens, Koch.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF S CILLER A.^J)

OTHER LILIACJSJE.

By J. G. BiKKE, F.L.S.

The following new species of Seillea have heen discovered, or
additional information has come to hand, since the publication of my
monograph of the tribe in the 13th volume of the Proceedings of the
Linnean Society, page '209. I follow the sequence there adopted and
number them so they can be intercalated in their places : —

TJrginea, Steinh,

3. v. micrantha^ Solms. Capsula depresso-globosa profunJe acute
angulata, 4-4^ lin. lata, seminibus in loculo 2-3 discoideis 2 lin. longis,
testa nigrescente, Senegamhia, Perrottet 784 in Herb. DC !

11* U, {Sypharissa) mascarenensis^ Baker, n, sp. Bulbus ovoideus
1 poll, crassus tunicis membranaceis griseis. Folia 4 hysteranthia post
scapum producta filiformia (immatura solum vidi). Scapi 1-2 graciles
stricti 4-6 pollicares. Racemus 1-2 poll, longus laxe 5-10-florus.
Bracteae minutae rhomboideae, calcare conspicuo lamina aequiiongo
prseditSB. Pedicelli ascendentes 2-3 lin. longi. Perianthium cam-
panulatum 2^ lin. longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis diutine imbri-
catis albis dorso rubro-brunneo carinatis. Genitalia perianthio duplo
breviora. Antherae oblongae, filamentis subulatis duplo brevioribup.
Ovarium globosum stylo 1 lin. longo. Madagascar, Bojer andHilsen-
berg in Herb. Mus. Brit. !

13* U, {Sgphan'ssa) Hesperia, Webb et Bert. Phyt. Can. III. 339.
Folia post scapum ignota. Scapus 2-3-pedalis. Racemi elongati densi,
pedicellis ascendentibus perianthio longioribus. Bracteae oblongae cus-
pidatae pedicellis triple breviores. Perianthium 6 lin. longum, seg-
mentis oblongo-lanceolatis rubellis dorso fusco vittatis, margine vix
scariosis. Stamina perianthio aequilonga antheris oblongo-sagittatis,
filamentis basi dilatatis. Stylus demum exsertus. In Teneriffa liU
toribus. Differs from anthericoides by its more robust habit, longer
pedicels, and firmer reddish flowers.

1 8. U, indica, Kunth. Senegamhia, Perrottet 792 — 793, in herb.,
DC. !

* M. Duval-Jouve, tliough he professes to see system in all this chaos, says
that the plants of T, littorale are so multiform even in one locality, that it is not
easy to gather two tufts exactly alike. He propounds a curious theory, that it is
the act of maturing their seed which restrains annual grasses within bounds of
specific propriety. Such "runagates*' as the subject of this memoir, which
always creeps and never seeds, transgress into the strangest of varietal vagaries*

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364 DBSCfil^lUN OF NEW 8PECIS8 OF ULIACBJS.

22.* U, (Alhucopsis) angoUnsis^ Baker, n sp. Folia synanthia glabra
camosa linearia acuminata sesquipedalia densum 5-6 lin. lata. Scapus
fragilis 2-3 pedalis. Racemus densus 6-6 pollicaris, expansus 12-15
lin. latus. Pedicelli erecto-patentes, infimi fructiferi 6-8 lin. longi.
Bracteae lineari-subulatae persistentes pedicellis subsequilongae, basi
nullo modo calcaratae. Periantbium membranaceum flavido-viridulani
4^-5 lin. longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis, exterioribus dorso nervis
5-6 segregatis, interioribus dorso nervis tribus crebris praeditis.
Filamenta lineari-subulata, segmentis paulo breviora. Capsula
sessiHs 5^6 lin. longa, 8-9 lin. lata, profunde obtuse trilobata, semi-
nib ns in loculo 12-20 magnis discoideis. Angola, in ditione Ambriz in
sglvisy Monteiro ! (Herb. Kew).

24.* U, {Alhucopsis) Irevipes, Baker, n. sp. Folia ignota, veri-
similiter hfrsteranthia. Scapus sesquipedalia. Racemus laxus semi-
pedalis. Pedicelli ascendentes, florifori 1-14 lin., fructiferi 2-3 lin.,
longi. Bracteae lanceolatsB acuminatge 3-4 lin. longae. Periantbium
b'Q lin. longum albo-flavidum membranaceum segmentis dorso nervis
3-4 brunneis congestis vittatis. Stamina periaotbio paulo breviora,
antheris oblongis flavis filamentis albis subulatis 5-6 — ^plo brevioribus.
Stylus filiformis 4 lin. longus, ovario duplo superans. Capsula ovoideo-
globosa 7-8 lin. longa, seminibus in loculo 12-15 perfecte discoideis.
Senegamhia, Perrottet, 782, in berb. DC. !

Dkimiopsis, Lindl,

3. D, hotryoideSy Baker. Bulbus globosus 1^ poll, crassus, mem-
branaceo-tunicatus. Folia 7-8 synanthia crassa carnoso-herbacea, ob-
longa acuta 9-12 poll, longa, facie pallide viridia maculis saturatioiibus
adspersa, dorso immaculata, basi in petiolum latum canaliculatum folio
duplo breviorem cunsatim angustata. Scapus teres 12-15 pollicaris.
Racemus densus subspicatus 3-4 poll, longus, 6-8 lin. crassus floribus
supremis minutis neutris. Pedicelli brevissimi patentes. Bracteae
obsoletaB. Periantbium 3 lin. longum, oblongo-triquetrum, albido-
viridulum, segmentis exterioribus ligulatis facie canalicula(is apice
cucullatis, interioribus latioribus diutine conniventibus. Stamina
segmentis duplo breviora, filamentis lanceolatis, antheris minutis ob-
longis. Stylus filiformis, ovario brevior. Of this at the date of my
paper only two poor dripd specimens, not localised, were known. It
has now been received from the island of Zanzibar, from Dr. Kirk,
and cultivated at Eew, and it is from his living specimens that the
present description was taken.

SciLLA, Linn,

4. 8. autumnalisj L. S. gallica, Todaro Nuov. Gior. Ital. V. 157,
appears to be a slight variety.

20. 8. amana^ L., var. 8, hithynicaj Boiss. Taurus range, Awher
Eloy, 1477, in Herb. DC. !

22.* 8, acauUs, Baker, n. sp. Folia 5-6 synanthia linearia carnoso-
herbacea glabra 3-4 poll, longa, 3-4 lin. lata, a basi facie concave ad
apicem sensim angustata. Flores 6-9 in umbellam subsessilem dispo-
siti, pedicellis ascendentibus 9-12 lin. longis, bracteis linearibus pedi-
cellis brevioribus. Periantbium coeruleum 3 lin. longum, segmentis
lanceolatis dorso uninervatis. Filamenta lanceolata 2 lin. longa, an-

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DESCBIPTION OF KEW SPECIES OF LILIACEJE. 365

theris oblongis coeruleis. Stylus ^ lin. lonjgus, ovula in loculo plura.
Peruvia ad ripas fluminis Rio CosnipuUa^ "Whiteley, in Herb. Mus.
Brit. ! A Tery interesting novelty, being the first true Scilla found
upon the American continent.

38.* S, (Eedehouria) saturatay Baker, n. sp. Bulbus ovoideus 6-9
lin. crassus membranaceo-tunicatus. Folia 3-4 synanthia glabra acuta
lanceolata camoso-herbacea 3-4 poll, longa, medio 3-6 lin. lata, in
petiolum latum canaliculatum 1-2 poll, longum sensim attenuata.
Scapus gracilis flexuosus 3-4 poUicaris. Kacemus densus oblongus
6-12 poll, longus, 6-9 lin. latus, pedicellis cemuis 2-4 lin. longig.
BractesB minutae deltoidae. Perianthium 2 lin. longum saturate pur-
pureum diutine campanulatum. Stamina purpurea segmentis paulo
breviora. Stylus ovario superans, baud exsertus. Caput Bona Spei
in ditione " Orange Free State,^^ Cooper, 993 I

Oenithooalum, Zinn.

36. 0, liflorum, var. ehloroleucum (Kunth). I cannot, from the
the description, separate in any way from this the 0, chileme descri-
bed by Philippi in the 29th volume of the Linnaea, page 73, said to be
frequent in the central provinces of Chili.

37.* 0, {Beryllis) mbulatum, Baker, Gard. Chron., 1874, 723.
Caput Bona Spei^ in rupestribus graminosis mantis Boschbergy alt,
4500 pedes, MacOwan, 2067 ! Herb. Kew. Described in the Gar-
deners' Chronicle from the garden of Mr. Wilson Saunders.

a7.* 0, {BerylUs) ealcaratum. Baker, Gard. Chron., 1874, 723.
Also like the last, described from the garden of Mr. Wilson Saunders,
who grew it from bulbs sent by Mr. MacOwan. It is a species with
very minute flowers and bracts like those of an TJrginea, lengthened
out at the base into a spur much larger than the blade.

39,* 0, {BerylUs) actphyllum, Baker, rf. sp. Bui bum non vidi.
Folia 3 (in exemplo viso) synanthia erecta dura persistentia glabra
subulata pedalia, superne 1-1^ lin. deorsum circiter basin scapi 3 lin.
lata. Scapus firmus teres sesquipedalis. Bacemus angustup sublaxus
3-4 pollicaris, 6-8 lin. crassus, pedicellis ascendentibus 2-3 lin. longis,
bracteis lanceolatis pedicellis sequilongis. Perianthium campanulatum
3 lin. longum, segmentis albidis oblongis obtusis, dorso late distincto
viridi-vittatis. Standna perianthio duplo breviora, filamentis alternis
•lanceolatis, et linearibus. Stylus brevissimus. Caput Bona Spei, in
ditione CoUsherg^ Br. Shaw !

40* 0, {Beryllis) tropicaUy Baker, n. sp. Bulbus ovoideus 4-5
lin. crassus. Folia 5-6 synanthia lineari-subulata glabra, 6-7 poll,
longa, 1 lin. lata, dorso subteretia facie prof undo canaliculata. Ra-
cemus biflorus, pedicellis erectis 12-15 lin. longis. Bractece lanceo-
latae 5-6 lin. longae. Perianthium album 1 lin; longum, segmentis
oblongis obtusis dorso obscure viridi vittitis. Filamenta sequalia line-
aria segmentis duplo breviora. Stylus ovario superans. Sierra Leone,
G. Don. Described from a drawing in the Lindley Herbarium at Cam-
bridge.

41.* 0, {Beryllis) humi/usum, Baker, Gard. Chron., 1874, p. 500.
Described from specimens flowered at Kew from Cape bulbs given to
the collection by Mr. Wilson Saunders.

49. 0. narhonense, L. I cannot distinguish from this a plant

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366 DESCBIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF LILIACSjS;

from the Ural Mountains in the herbarium of De CandoUe, labelled
0, hrachysiachys, Fischer.

68.* 0. {Osmyne) flavovtr ens,' Baker, n. sp. Bulbum non vidi.
Folia 5-6 synanthia suberecta Imearia glabra ad apicem angustata,
12-18 poll, longa, deorsum, 3-4 lin. lata. Scapus 1^-2 pedalis.
Eacemus 3-4 poll, longus, expansus 9-10 lin. latus, deorsum laxus,
sursum subdensus, 20-30 florus. Pedicelli ascendentes, inferiores 2-3
lin. longi. BractesB lineares longe acuminatsB 6-9 lin. longa). Peri-
anthium 4-4} lin. longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis flavo-viridibus
H lin. latis, carina lata saturation, venis 4-5 prsedita. Stamina peri-
anthio duplo breviora, filamentis SBqualibus lineari-lanceolatis. Stylus
filiformid, 2 lin. longus ovario SBquilongus. Caput Bona Spei, in inun-
datis prope Somerset East, MacOwan, 1852 !

63.* 0, ( Cathissa) graeile, Baker, n. sp. Bulbus globosus 3 lin.
crassus tunicis membranaceis. Folia 1-3 synanthia erecta linearia
glabra 3-6 poll, longa, 1-1^ lin. lata. Scapus gracillimus 6-8 poUicaris.
Bacemus 1-6 -florus confertus. Pedicelli ascendentes infimi 1-2 lin.
longi. Bracteee deltoideee cuspidatee 2-3 lin. longge pedicellos amplec-
tantes. Perianthium albidum 3 lin. longum segmentis lanceolatis
obscure vittatis. Filamenta segmentis duplo breviora, altema leviter
applanata. Stylus 1-H ^^* longus ovario aequilongus. Caput Bona
Spei, in olivis graminosis ad fontes fluminis " Bulk rivier,^^ MacOwan,
1939 !

63. ''^ 0. {Cathissa) paludosum, Baker, n. sp. Bulbum non vidi.
Folia pauca lanceolata erecta firma glabra 2 poll, longa 1^ lin. lata.
Scapus glaber pedalis. Bacemus laxus angustus 2-4 poll, longus 12-20
florus. Pedicelli ascendentes 1-3 lin. longi. BractesD lanceolata^ albse
1^-2 lin. longse. Perianthium album 3 lin. longum, segmentis oblan-
ceolatis obtusis obscure vittatis. Filamenta 2 lin. longa oonformia
linearia. Stylus ovario brevier. Caput Bonos Spei in ditione Queen-
town inpaludosis ad EUndslerg, Cooper, 219!.

Albuca, Linn,

4. A,flaccida, Jacq. Ic, t. 444, Kunth Enum., iv., 374, Baker,
J^inn. Journ., 13, 287, ex parte. Bulbus parvus ovoideus tunicis
membranaceis apice hiaud setosis. Folia 4 glabra synanthia linearia
acuminata pedalia vel sesquipedaiia deorsum 5-6 lin. lata. Scapus
teres sesquipedalis. Bacemus semipedalis laxissimus deltoideus, pedi-
cellis patulis apice cemuis inferioribus li^-2 poll, longis. Bracteae
lanceolataB 1-1^ pollicares. Perianthium 9-12 lin. longum, segmentis
flavo-viridibus. Filamenta segmentis interioribus aequilonga, interiora
castrata. Stylus prism atico-clavatus, ovario superans. Caput Bona
Spei. As I have united under A. flacdda two plants which,
upon fuller information, appear to be distinct, I give an amended de-
scription.

4* A, Cooperi, Baker, n.sp. A,fiaccida, Baker in Saund. Ref.
Bot., 334; Linn. Journ. 13., 287, ej^ parte non Jacq. Bulbus
ovoideus 6-9 lin. crassus, tunicis apice flbris setosis copiosis persisten-
tibus praeditis. Folia 8-4 synanthia erecto-falcata linearia acuminata
glabra semipedalia deorsum 3-4 lin. lata. Scapus 6-12 pollicaris teres _
flexuosus. Bacemus laxissimus 4*6-pollioaris pedicellis patulis apice
cemuis, inferioribus 1-1^ poll, longis. BracteaB lanceolatse 4-8 lin.

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DESCRIPTION OP NEW SPECIES OP LHJACEiB. 367

longse. Perianthium flavo-Tiiide 8-12 lin. longum. Filamenta seg*
mentis interioribus sequilonga, interiora castrata. Stylus prismatico*
clavatus, ovario superans. Caput Boms Spei, Zeyher, 1714!. Harvey,
812 !. Cooper in Hort. Saunders. Delagoa Bay, Forbes !

4*. A. fibrosa. Baker, Gard. Chrbn., 1874, 386. Caput Bona
Speiin lapidoaia prope Somerset J5<a»^, MacOwan^ 1830!.

6*. A, polyphylla. Baker, Gard. Chron., 1874, p. 471. CaptU
Bona Spei *n campis Somerset East , MacOwan, 1849 !. The following
are Mr. MacOwan's notes on this interesting novelty : — "Bulb tuni-
cated, producing many offsets between the laminse. Leaves 5 to 8
linear 16-18 inches long, narrowed gradually from a 5-6 line base to
the apex, concave above, convex beneath, quite smooth, deep green,
not at all glaucous. Scape subglaucescent, erect, 2-3 lines in dia-
meter, 8-12 inches high, 15-20-flowered in an ultimately elongating
loose raceme. Flowering peduncles 1^ inch long, elongating in fruit.
Bracts lanceolate attenuate, about half as long as the flowering
peduncles, scarcely 2 lines wide, strongly reflexo-patent at the apex,
yellowish-green with a pale submembranous margin. Exterior
perianth-segments nearly flat, oblong, 2^^ lines wide, 8 lines long,
broader at the apex, dull olivaceous green, with a green longitudinal
band in the centre a line broad. Interior segments about a line
shorter, cymbiform towards the blunt callous yellow apex, green-
banded, passing into dusky-grey towards the edge. Anthers all fertile,
the alternate smcdler, upon oblong-linear filaments, those of the larger
sharply dilated at the base. Ovary bluntly triquetrous, with a
secondary ridge in each re-entering angle. Style triquetro-prismatio
with a furrow between the angles which close to the stigmatic sur-
face receive the callous incumbent apex of the non-expanding petals.
The growth of this Albuca is peculiar. In a single season one bulb
will produce from three to six offisets, some of which flower a month
later than the main scape. This process of rapid multiplication re-
sults in the formation of a large raised cushion of closely-compacted
bulbs. As many as 47 individuals have been counted thus matted
together. The long, recurved yellowish bracts are very conspicuous
before the inflorescence begins to expand. In cultivation the scape
lengthens to 1 8 inches and the leaves do not wither away in the upper
half as is the case with wild examples."

Albuca. § Leptosttla (new section). — Stamina exteriora castrata.
Stylus flliformis elongatus.

17. A, (Zeptostyla) Shawii, Baker, n.sp. Bulbus ovoideus 9-12
lin. crassus, tunicis albidis membranaceis apice nuUo modo setiferis.
Folia 6-12 synanthia filiformia gracillima glabra 4-5 poll, longa
J- J lin. crassa. Scapus Annus teres 6-9 poUicaris. Racemus laxis-
sime 3-9 florus, expansus 3-4 poll, longus, pedicellis erecto-patentibus
apice cemuis, inferioribus 1-1^ poll, longis. BractesB lanceolatae cus-
pidataB 2-3 lin. longse. Perianthium 7-8 lin. longum, flavum, seg-
mentis oblongis obtusis late viridi vittatis, interioribus cucullatis.
Filamenta 4-5 lin. longa, filiformia,',basi deltoidea, alterna ananthera.
Stylus flliformis ovario superans, stigmate capitate obscure trilobate.
Caput Bona Spei ad ripasfluminis " Vad river ^'^^ et in ditione Coles-
h&rgy Dr. Shaw!. Kaffraria in graminosis ad ITahotisie alt, 3500 pedes^
Murray, 54 !. (Sent by Mr. MacOwan to Herb. Kew.) An interesting

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368 BKSORtPTION OF NEW 8PXCIES OF LILIACS^.

new type, with the slender style of section Pallaatema and the barren
inner stamens of Ewdhuca,

ScnizoBAsis, Baker,

8, intrieata. Baker, Antherieum {Streptanthera) intricatum^
Baker, Joum. Bot., 1872, 140. Asparagus mieranthus, Thunb.
Herb., non Lindley. Bulbns primum foliiferns parvus ovoideus,
demnm major globosus florifenn 12-15 lin. crassus, tunicis albidis
membranaceis. Folia 4-10 subulata erecta camosa glabra 2-3 poll,
longa \ lin. crassa. Scapus firmus gracilis 2-3 poUicaris. Panicnla
latiora quam longa, 3-4 poll, lata, ramis primariis tematis singiQis bis
dichotomiter furcatis, ramulis ultimis coryrabosis paucifloris insig-
niter angulatim flexuosis, pedicellis erecto-patentibus strictis apice
rectis vel cemuis 3-6 lin. longis. Perianthium 1^ lin. longum diutine
campanulatum, segmentis oblanceolatis obtusis albis dorso viridibas.
Stamina inclusa antheris oblongis. Caput Bona Spet, Thnnberg,
Zeyher, 4284 !. Burke, 370 !. In aridimmis solo glareoso-
hrecciato ad ooronam seopulorum tahularium prope Klyn Fiseh
rivier in ditione Somerset^ alt. 3000 pedes, MacOwan, 2131.!.
This has now been re found by Mr. MacOwan, who has sent
an excellent suite of dried specimens, both in the leaf and flower-
producing conditions, and also a box of bulbs for cultivation. This
full supply of material shows that it is not an Antherieum, but a
second species of Sohiaoiasis.

I add also descriptions of two new gamophyllous EuUliacea lately
received.

8*. Lachenalia (Orchiops) trichophylla, Baker, n.sp. Bulbus
globosus 5-6 lin. crassus tunicis membranaceis albidis apice truncatis.
Folium solitarium oblongo-spathulatum acutum erectum, basin scapi
amplectans, facie et margine pilis nigrescentibus firmulis patulis i-1
lin. longis subdense vestitum. Scapus 5-6 pollicaris rubellus. Inflo-
rescentia spicata. Bracteae minutae lanceolatae rubellsD. Spica densa
3 -pollicaris, floribus inferioribus rubris, centralibus flavis, multis
supremis minutis abortivis. Segmenta exteriora ligulata 6-7 lin.
longa, interiora 8-9 lin. longa apice spathulata. Ovarium oblongum
distincte stipitatum, stylo longo exserto. Filamenta perianthio aequi-
longa. Caput Bonce Spei in ditione Somerset East, MacOwan,
2197!.

8*. Massonia hrachypus, Baker, n.sp. Folia bina ovato-oblonga
crassa viridia 5-6 poll, longa medio 3-3i poll, lata utrinque glabra
subtus pallidiora. Corymbus breviter pedunculatus, bracteis exterio-
ribus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis 1 poll, longis, Pedicelli l-l'Jlin.
longi. Perianthium tubo campanulatol lin. longo rubello, segmentis
albis lanceolatis erectis 4 lin. longis. Antherae 2-2| lin. longao
oblongae, filamentis brevissimis {\ lin. longis) ad faucem tubi insertis
nullo modo connatis. Caput Bona Spei, Hort. Kew, Feb,, 18741.
Remarkable for its very short filaments and perianth-tube.

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BHOKT NOTES. 369

ON A NEW 8TMFL0C 08.
Br H. F. Hance, Ph D., etc.

SrMPLocos (HopEA.) DECORA, sp, fiov — Frutcx 6-10 pedalis, ranmlis
teretibus sub epidermide albida mox secodente purpurtoscentibus,
foUis valde coriaceis glaberrimis e basi rotundata v. subcordata ovatis
V. ovato-ellipticis breviter obtuse acuminatis margine revoluto in-
conspicue glanduloso-denticulato venis vix perspiciendis 1J-2J poll,
longis 1-1 f poll, latis petiolo crasso 3-5 lineali suffultis, racemis
axillaribus simplicibus ereclis a basi floriferis 12-20-flori8 dimidium
folium aequantibus basi bracteis orbicularibus ciliatis subglabris
praeditis rachi glabra, bracteolis oblongis ciliatis dorso birsutis, flori-
bus 4-5 lin. longis inferioribus pedicellatis superioribus sensim sessili-
bus, calycis glaberrimi tubo obconico lineali lobis vix longioribus
coloratis orbiculatis obtusissimis v. ovatis acutiusculis, petalis oblongo-
rotundatis 3 lin. longis candidis, staminum ooroUam vix excedentium
filaroentis ligulatis, ovarii apice glabenimo. (Exsicc. n. 18417.)

Cultivated in the Public Gardens, Hongkong, where I gathered it
in March 1874. Mr. Charles Ford, the energetic and courteous
Superintendent, was unable to tell me its origin, but one of the
Chinese gardeners asserted that it was brought down from the hills.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to place any reliance on the statements
of these men, and it seems unlikely so exceedingly sbowy a shrub
should have escaped the notice of our few local botanists. However
this may be, it is doubtless an Asiatic species, and with some affinity
to 8, ohtusa, Wall., and probably 8. prumfolia^ 8. & Z., which I have
not seen. 8. japomca, A.DC. and 8» craasifolia^ Benth. (the latter
also unknown to me), differ by their angular branches. I can find no
diagnosis at all like it in any books, and it is by far the handsomest
species I have seen, its lovely white blossoms being borne so profusely
as to attract the attention of the most careless.

SHORT NOTES AND QUERIES.

Zannichellia with spiral FET7IT8. — A vcry singular change in
the fruit of ZannichslUa has lately come under my notice in a
specimen (probably Z- palustris) in the Kew Herbarium. In place of
the slightly-arched carpels with a terminal style typical of the genus,
the plant presents circular fruits which may be accurately described
as precisely like the coiled shells of a small Planorhis. At the
opposite side of the attachment is a prominence indicating; apparently
the origin of the style which is deciduous in every case, and from the
base of the carpel to this prominence along one edge the crenations of
the wavy'crest can be readily traced. On removal of the thin epicftrp
the helicoid character becomes still more striking, the form of the
enclosed body much resembling the green spiral embryo , of Stusda
maritima. In this Zanniehellia the embryo instead of being thrice
folded on itself at an acute angle as usual is perfectly spiral and is

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370 SHOBT KOTES.

enclosed in a similarly spiral thick endocarp (?) of a dense homy,
though somewhat hrittle consistence and yellow colour. All the
fruits, which are ahundantly produced, are the same and many
appear perfectly matured. The plant (unfortunately unlocalised) was
formerly in the herharium of Sir W. Hooker, who has written against
it " est Potamogeton." I am not aware whether or not a similar modi-
fication has been previously placed on record ; for the sake of reference,
if thought worthy of a varietal name, gyrocarpa may be employed,—
Heukt Tedcen.

Additions to the List op Lase Lancashiee Plants. — The Eev,
W. M. Hind, of Pinner, in July 1870, collected the following which
are not included in Miss Hodgson's valuable list printed at pp. 268 and
296 of this volume : — Helianth&mum canum, Dun., Humphrey Head.
Dianthus Armeria^ L., Cart Lane, Grange. Hypochc&ris mactdata^
L., Humphrey Head. Hieraeium casium, Pr., Humplurey Head. Melam-
pyrum sylvattcumy L. Epvpcictis latifolia^ All., Blawith. Seirpus
fluitanSf L., Eller How, Lindale. He also met with Centawrea Jacea^
L., at Cark, and a singular small form of Cerastium at Eller How,
Lindale, which is scarcely C, tetrandrum, and seems to agree with C.
petraum, Schultz (C7. Lensii^ Sch., var. y). Dr. Windsor records
(Fl, Cravoniensis, p. 45). Hieraeium pallidum^ Fr. at Humphrey
Head. — ^Henet Teimen.

EXPEEIMENTS ON THE MOVEMENT OP WaTEE IN PlANTS. — !lTr. W.

B. McNab, of the Koyal College of Science, Ireland, has printed the
first part of a paper recording the experiments in vegetable physiology
for which he received a grant from the Royal Lish Academy, in vol.
XXV. of the Transactions of that body. The experiments deed with
the transpiration of water by leaves and the ascent of water in the
stem, and the plants selected were Cherry-Laurel, Privet and Elm.
The conclusions resulting from them were : — 1. That under favour-
able circumstances a rate of ascent of forty inches per hour can be
obtained. 2. That contrary to the generally received opinion, direct
experiment has shown that the upward rapid current of water does
not cease in the evening. 3. That checking the transpiration for a
short time by placing the branch in darkness, does not materially re-
tard the rapid current of water. 4. That the removal of the cortical
tissues does not impede the rapid current in the stem, which moves
only through the wood (xylem) portion of the fibre- vascular bundles.
5. That a well-marked rapid flow of fluid will take place in a stem
after the removal of the leaves. 6, That fluid will rapidly flow
downwards as well as upwards in the wood (xylem) portion of the fibro-
vascular bundles, as seen in a branch in which lithium solution was
applied fit the top. 7. That pressure of mercury does not exert any
very marked influence on the rapidity of flow, in the one experiment
made witti a pressure of 110-53 grammes of mercury.

I

Plants at Penzance in 1874. — Near the end of August last I
found growing on the sandy bhore near the East Green Berteroa in-
cana^ DC, Morieandia arvemia^Jj.y Centaur ea soUtitidlUj L., Plantago

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NOTICES Of Boors. 371

armaria, L., Echium phntagineum^ L., Sdaria glauca, Beaur. Of
the Echium I aUo found many plants in a field on the east side of
Loscudiack Castle. Alt/asum marttimum, L., was found on the shore at
Marazion. JRinunculus Zenormandi, Schultz., occurred in some
quantity on a moor near Paul Hill, and also near Trengorainton
Cairn, Cicendia filiformis, Eeich. occurred on the Paul Hill moor, and
Sagina maritima, Don I found somewhere within the Penzance district.
Scrophularia Scorodonia L., and Conium maculatum L., were plentiful
between Newbyn and Mousehole. Spiranthes autumnaltSf Ilich., grew
on the grass slopes near Msirazion Koad Station. — R. Titckeb. [Mr.
Tucker has kindly submitted his specimens to us for verification. — Ed.
Joum. Bot,"]

"WoLFFiA ASBHizA. — This little plant has been collected by Mr. H.
C. "Watson from a dirty geese-frequented pond on Weston Green, near
Thames Ditton, where he has botanised for forty years without ever
noticing the plant before. Can it be that Wolffia has been overlooked
all these years, there and elsewhere, or is this Duckweed gradually
extending itself and occupying new stations ?

Ba-bingtonia, F, Mueller.^ This commemorates the venerable
Professor of Botany at Cambridge ; the former genus Bdbingtoniay of
Lindley, having been reduced to Boeohea. The new genus is founded
upon Baxteria australtSy R.Br., a Xerotideous plant from King
George's Sound and Cape Rich, Australia ; the name Baxtera having
been previously given to a genus of AsclepiadecB, by Reichenbach.

Cabex obkithopoda, Willd, nr England. — On May 31, 1874. Mr.
John Whitehead, of Dukinfield, was in company with Messrs. K.
Newton and E. Hibbert, when they found Carex orniihopoda in Miller's
Bale, near Buxton, Derbyshire. He has kindly sent me a specimen of
the plant, and informs ine that Mr. Watson gives it the same name
which I do. — C. C. Babington. — [We also have to thank Mr. White-
head for a specimen of this interesting addition to the British Flora.
— ^(f. Journ. Bot.']

I^otttejsr of ^oofisr.

Proiromm Monographic (Elogoniearum, auetore Veit Brecher
WiTTRocK. (Act. Reg. Soc. Sci. XJpsal., Sen iii., vol. ix., 1874.^
Although Dr. Wittrock, as he states, has been occupied for a
Bpace stretching over some seven years in studying the species of the
(Edogoniea with a view to the publication of a Monograph of that
family, still, owing to the unexpected multiplicity of distinct forms,
he remarks that, as he goes on, the end proposed to himself seems
rather to recede than to approach. He thinks that the copiousness of
forms in this group known to him would still receive a considerable
accession from countries as yet unexplored, whilst in many points

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372 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

touching their morphology and physiology, notwithstanding all that
« is due to Piingsheim, there is much to. learn ; thus as relates to the
germination of the oospores, this has heen observed in only three
species, one each by Pringsheim, Cleve, and Juranjd, whilst their
observations are more or less mutuiiUy discrepant ; the author's own
efforts in this direction had not produced much result.

The (Edogoniea\ioTm a Family sufficiently well-defined ; on the one
hand the Coleochatea approach them, on the other the SpTueropUea.
These three Families would seem to form together a single Class»
which, drawing the designation from the middle and largest of them,
should be called (Edoffontacea, This Class might be defined asfollows: —
(Edogoniacea : Cellular plants (of the fresh water), forming confervoid
filaments with chlorophyllaceous cells, simple or branched, rarely
forming parenchymatous, monostromatic discs ; female organs oogonia ;
male organs spermogonia, producing ciliated spermatozoids ; oospores^
produced by fecundation, in germination giving rise to zoospores ;
agamosp)res motile (zoospores), formed singly in each vegetative cell
(such zoospores not yet observed in SphceropUa).

The family CEdogmiecB consists of two distinct genera, (Edogo^
nium, Link, and Bulhochate^ Ag., as already set forth by Prings-
heim.* Each genus has a monoicous and dioicous section. The dioicous
species of CEdogonium form two sub-sections— one contains those species
which possess dwarf males epiphytic on the female plants (" nannan-
drous *' species) —the other such as have male plants of the same mag-
nitude as the female and not epiphytic (" macrandrous species.'')

The dwarf males ("nannandroi ") are not developed to the same
degree in different species. Those which most approach the monoicous
forms have male plants so little developed that they contain but one cell
(** unicellular nannandres "), all spermogonium, the contents of which
become divided into two motile spermatozoids. Other species there are
in which the dwarf male plants consist of at least two cells, one in-
ferior which remains vegetative (" stipes "), and one or a few superior
cells producing two spermatozoids. These upper cells are produced
either by ordinary self-division, when, in accordance with Pringsheim's
nomenclature, we have an " inner" spermogonium (antheridium), or
they are formed by that process of division which is characteristic of
the vegetative mode of growth in the CEdogoniea (" per partitionem
oedogoniaceam ') ; that is to say, in such a way that the membrane of
the mother cell becomes transversely cleft, in which latter case (also
in unison with Pringsheim) we have an ** outer *' spermogonium. The
inner spermogonium is unicellular, the outer is either uni- or plori-
cellular. A few nannandrous species with outer spermogonium
have sometimes the stipes pluricellular, such species seemingly, as it
were, forming a connecting link between the nannandrous and ma- ,
crandrous forms. The dwarf males have their origin from a special
kind of zoospores ( androspores, Pringsheim) ; these are produced
mostly in certain cells (androsporangia) of the female individuals (" gy-
nandrosporous species,'' Pringsheim), or they are produced in certain
cells of neuter individuals ('* idioandrosporous species,")

* Pringsheim : *' Beitra^fe zar Morphologie und Systematik der Algen: Mor-
pholo^e der (Eiog^nUn*^ in his *'Jahrbiicher furwiss. Botanik,'' B.i., p. 1.

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NOXICES OP B00^9, 373

In JBulbochate dioicous macrandrous species are wanting ; on the
other handy many species are dioicous nannandroup, the dwarf males
being sometimes unicellular or again bi- or pluri-cellular ; the latter
may have inner or outer spermogonia. By far the greatest number of
the species are gynandrosporous— one only as yet observed, B. poly-
andra, Cleve, being idioaodrosporous.

The oogonia of both the genera before fecundation present an
opening in the membrane. In some species of (Edogonium this has
the form of a minute pore formed in the primary membrane of the
oogonium, without' any preceding annular rupture of it ("oogonia
poro aperta "). In many, if indeed not in all species, there can be
detected beneath the pore a secondary membrane, which in its turn
becomes perforate. In other species ot this genus an annular dehis-
cence of the membrane of the oogonium takes place, for the most part
median, concurrently with which a second membranous portion be-
comes inserted, in which is formed the pore (** oogonia circumscissn,
poro in circumscissione "). Again in others the membrane of the
oogonium becomes cleft near the apex, not, however, completely, but
so that the upper portion of the membrane coheres at one place with
the lower ; the upper portion of the membrane becomes raised up at
one side as an operculum ; when this cleft-like opening is produced
the secondary membrane, furnished with a pore, makes itself evident
('* oogonia operculo aperta").

The oogonia in Bulhochate appear to be formed after a double
manner. Sometimes they are produced by a horizontal division of the
mother cells. In such case the two supporting cells (seen in optical
vertical section) are tetragonal, and sustain the oogonium only. Such
oogonia the author denominates ** erect." But for the most part
oogonia arise from oblique division of the mother or grandmother cell.
Of the supporting cells in such case one or other (in diverse
cases) becomes pentagonal, the other tetragonal, and commonly bear
next to tlie oogonium, a simple vegetative cell or a terminal bristle.
Such oogonia are named ** patent.'* The spermogonia likewise are of
a double nature, sometimes ** erect," arising by horizontal division,
sometimes ** patent,'' by oblique division.

Dr. Wittrock adds a few remarks respecting the fixity of the
specific characters in these pknts, of which, indeed, with but a small
fi actional proportion of his gnat experience, we ourselves feel veay
well assured. And this constancy manilests itself not only in those
cliaracteis a priori of the greatest importance, such as the disposition
of the organs of fructification and their specialities, but eve n in such
which are ordinarily of minor importance, as, for instance, the dimen-
sions of the cells, the position of the dwarf males on the fe.nale plant,
and such like.

As illustrations of this constancy the author adduces examples of
(E. crt8pum(Ksi6B.)f Wittr., gathered from the Andes, which coincided
in even the most minute details with Swedish specimens ;
examples of (E, upsaliense, Wittr., Bulhochoete intermed'a, De Bary,
and of many others taken in Greenland and in Europe were inter se in no
way different ; B. elatior, Prings., and B, rhadinospora^ Wittr., from
Tasmania absolutely agreed in all their parts with Swedish examples.

As regards the geographical distribution of the family, they

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374 K0TICK8 OF BOOKS.

are cosmopolitan ; of each genus some species have been obserred
in arctic, some in tropical regions. Where they occur in the greatest
plenitude could not yet be predicated, and if Sweden should appear
from the enumeration to be the most rich, this, the author thin^, is
only because that country has been the most diligently searched.

The aggregate number of species of both genera known reaches
140. They are all inhabitants of fresh water ; they are mostly
epiphytic, seated upon the most varied aquatic plants.

The author enumerates and gives the diagnosis of the whole of
the species, embracing those previously made known in his preceding
works : — ** Dispositio (Edogoniacearum Suecicarum " (in " Ofversigt
af Kongl. Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar," 1870), also
** CEdogoniaceoB novae, in Suecia lectae " (in ** Botaniska Notiser,"
1872), as well as those of preceding authors (including of course
Pringsheim) as identified by him. The single beautiful plate accom-
panying, embracing indeed but twelve species, renders it a matter of
regret that a figure of each of the known species from his graphic pencil
is not concomitantly forthcoming ; it is true that the author refers to
the but comparatively few published figures of Pringsheim, Kutzing, de
Bary, Hassall, and his own, but figures of all his new species would
have been most welcome to future students of the group.

The following is the arrangement made use of : —

Genus 1. — Oedogonium (Link.).

Section I. Monoicous Species.

A. Oogonia never furnished with median processes.
a. Oospores globose or subglobose.

a. Oogonia globose or subglobose (23 species).
p. Oogonia ellipsoidal or oviform (2 species).
h. Oospores ellipsoidal or oviform (5 species).
13 . Oogonia furnished with median vertlcUlate processes.
a. Oospores subglobose (2 species).
h. Oospores subellipsoidal (1 species).

Section II. Dioicous Species.
Subsection I. Nannandrous Species.

A. Dwarf males (nannandres) unicellular.

a, Oogonia furnished with median verticillate processes (2

species).
h, Oogonia never furnished with median processes.

a. Oospores globose or subglobose (7 species).

j8. Oospores subellipsoidal (1 species).

B. Dwarf males (nannandres) bicellular, spermogonium ** inner"

(1 species).

C. Dwarf males bi-pluricellular, spermogonium " outer."

a. Oospores smooth.

a. Oospores globose or subglobose (8 species).
13. Oospores ellipsoidal or oviform (7 species).

b. Oospores echinate.

a. Oospores globose (5 species).
/8. Oospores ellipsoidal (1 spetjies).

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KOTICES OF BOOKS. 37

Suhsection II. Macrandrous Species,

a. Oospores echinate (1 species).

b. Oospores smooth.

•a. Oogonia not or but slightly tumid (3 species) .
)8. Oogonia manifestly tumid.

aa. Oospores globose or subglobose (7 species).
PP, Oospores ellipsoidal or oviform (5 species).
There then foUow more or less partial descriptions of 24 further
species of CEdogoniumy whose organs of fructification not being sufS.*
ciently known to the author, they cannot be relegated to their proper
position in the preceding scheme or plan of arrangement. Of these
all the more desirable and welcome would have been figures at least
of such not hitherto extant, pictorially bringing to view the details
known, and, therefore at same time, indicating the lacunae in our
knowledge as respects them.

Gmm 2. Bulboch-ete, (Ag.).

Section I. Oogonia globose or subglobose, patent (except B,
BrehUoniiy in which the oogonia are erect, and B. elatior^ Prings., erect
or patent), oospores of the same form as the oogonia, and completely
filling them ; upper supporting cell in vertical optical section penta-
gonal (except the two species just mentioned, when oogonia are erect ,
each supporting ceil is tetragonal). All the (kaown) species of this
section are dioicous nannandrous, and(except B, j^olyandra^ Cleve) are
gynandrosporous.

A. Dwarf males (nannandres) unicellular (1 species).
U. Dwarf males bicellular, spermogonium ** inner."

a, Basal cell (stipes) of the dwarf males shorter than the spermo-
gonium (10 species).
h. Basal cell (stipes) of the dwarf males longer than the spermo-
gonium (2 species).
C. Dwarf males bicellular, spermogonium ** outer" (2 species).
Section II. Oogonia ellipsoidal or subellipsoidal; oospores the same
form as the oogonia and completely filling them, epispore longitudinally
costate, costae more or less crenulate ; septum of the supporting cells
situated in their upper part (seemingly absent in B.j^ygmoiumy Prings.),
upper supporting cell (in optical vertical section) tetragonal, lower
pentagonal, more rarely (when oogonia erect) tetragonal.
^Subsection I. Monoicous Species (6 species).
Suhaeetion II. Dioicous Species. Kannandrous and gynandro-
sporous. Dwarf males straight stipitate ; spermogonia ** outer,"
2 — 5 -cellular.

A. Supporting cells wanting septum (1 species).

B. Supporting cells possessing a septum (11 species). * ,

To the foregoing are added (partial) descriptions of two species
whose organs of fructification are not suflftciently known to the author,
hence their precise position uncertain.

Subordinate to the " sectional " distinctions as indicated above,
those characters appertaining to the species which come into play to
discriminate between them, and arranged in the sequence of corn-

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37/0 NOTICES OF BOOKS

paratire importance, are the following : whether gynandrosporous or
idianodrosporous ;. whether the oogonia are single or several together ;
the form of the oogonia ; the form and mode and position of the
aperture ; the form and character of surface of the oospore ; whether
the oospore dees or does not completely fill the cavity of the oogonium ;
characters (form, position, &c.) of the androsporangium (in gynan-
drosporous species) and the form and position of the dwarf mdes (in
the nannandrous species) ; in BtUhocJuete whether the oogonia are erect
or patent, or both ; form and size of terminal and vegetative cells ;
general dimensions, aspect, and habit.

Such is an abstract of the most important communication (after
Prof. Piingsheim's) yet published on this very interesting group,
composed indeed of but two allied but well-distinguished genera, the
species of which are wonderfully numerous, yet marvellously sharply
marked off, considering the comparative simplicity of structure by
which they are characterised.

Wm. Abcheb.

Observations s»r le cahce des Composees, line Anticritique. Par M.
Samsob Lund, Cand. Phil, (-openhague. 1874. (Extrait des
•• Yidenskabelige Meddelelser fra naturhistorisk Porening i
Kjobenhavn." Aargang 1873.)

In this paper M. Samsoe Lund replies chiefly to the remarks of
M. Warming made in a critical notice of a former paper of M.
Lund's — ** Le calice des Composees, essai sur Tunitd du d^veloppement
dans le r^gne vegetal," and already noticed in the ** Journal of
Botany.'** M. Lund maintains that the ** pappus " of the Compositae is
a true calyx, while M. Warming st-ates that the pappus is a series
of trichomes or hairs. The main propositions of M. Lund are, as
follow. 1st. The pappus occupies the position of a calyx, external
to the corolla, and exists in most of the Compositae. 2nd. That the
study of the structure and development of the pappus shows that
although the various forms differ much among themselves, they all
exhibit a more or less gradual transition from the one to the other.
From an examination of leaves and portions of the pappus of
Ctrsium arvense M. Lund concludes that the parts of the pappus possess
the general characters of the leaves of phanerogams, and also
agree in their nature with the leaves forming the involucre of the
plant. 3. Position and number of the parts of the pappus. In
GatUorrdia rustica and Catananchs ccerulea the pappus consists of a re-
gular verticil of 5 parts alternating with the 5 petals. Cantaurea
scahiosa has 25 parts in several verticils. Sonchus 1 verticil of 15
parts. Centaurea Jacea^ one verticil of 10 parts. Verticils of from
2 to 4 parts also occur. Bidens tripartita has 2 parts of the pappus
placed right and left. HeUanthus annuus and Actinomeris, 2 parts
placed anteriorly and posterioily. M. Lund holds that in the great

JourD. Bot., 1873, p. 184.

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KOTICBS or BOOKS. ^77

majority of cases the. position of the part of the pappus is not irre-
gular, at least not more so than that of true leaves, which frequently
show displacement and irregularities. M. Warming states that the
position of parts of the pappus is not fixed, and that they show no trace
of phyllotaxis. 4. The time at which the pappus appears is important.
According to M. Lund, the late development of the pappus is in
harmony with the function it performs in the scattering of the fruits,
and he holds that there are numerous instances of leaves developing
behind older leaves. 5. Occasionally in malformed flowers large
flat green bodies resembling sepals are found in place of the pappus.

If M. Lund would kindly tell us what he means by a true calyx
many of our difficulties would disappear. Mr. Bentham (Handbook :
Introduction) says: *' A complete symmetrical flower consists usually
of either four or five whorls of altered leaves placed immediately one
within the other. The calyx forms the outer whorl.'* Prof. Oliver
(Lessons, p. 21) says: **The two outer series of flower-leaves, the
sepals and petals, may be regarded simply as organs designed to
protect the smaller and more delicate parts which they enclose," &c.
Morphologically the calyx consists of modified leaves, physiologically
it acts chiefly as a protecting covering. Becent researches, however,
have shown that all the parts of the flower cannot be considered to be
modified leaves. In Naiasy Casuarinaj and Typha^ according to Mag-
nus and Rohrbach (See Sach's Lehrbuch, ed. 3, p. 464), the stamens
are morphologically stem-structures, that is, modified caulomes,
and not modified phyllomes. Is it then necessary that the parts of the
perianth should invariably be phyllomes ? Take the 6 hypogynous
bristles in SctrpiM, and we feel very much inclined to say that we
have a perianth of 6 parts, 3 outer, calyx ; 3 inner, corolla, and yet
that these structures were trichomes and not phyllomes. M. Lund
thinks he has proved that the parts of the pappus are leaves, but of a
low type. He shows that the parts do not develope from a single
supeificial cell like most true hairs, but that a cell of the periblcm
also enters into their composition. This, however, is not a proof that
the structure is a phyllome, because we know that in the prickles of the
rose the periblem aids in the development in addition to the super-
ficial cells. If M. Lund holds that the pappus is a calyx because it
consists of modified leaves, we assert that he has not proved his
point, there being more evidence in favour of the parts being trichomes
than phyllomes. If M. Lund had considered it possible for a calyx to
consist morphologically of trichomes and not exclusively of phyl-
lomes we might have been disposed to agree with him, but he does
not. The function of the calyx is chiefly protection, the function of
the pappus is scattering the fruit, and for this purpose it is developed
later, after the covering of the flower, and must be placed physiolo-
gically among the organs for scattering flowers and seed, as wing^
and hairs, such, for example, as those on the seeds of Epilohiuniy
willow, &c. We, therefore, hold that M. Lund fails to prove his
position, both morphologically and physiologically, and conclude that
the pappus is a series of hairs developed for the purpose of scattering
i\iQ fruits^ Into the other part of M. Lund's paper we shall not follow
him. W. R. McNab.

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378 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Handbook of the Ferns of Queensland. By F. M. Bailbt. With
twenty-two plates illustrative of the genera by H. E. Eatoit.
Brisbane : Thome and GreenweU, 1874. (Svo, pp. 72.)

This little* work is very creditable, both to the author and to the
colonial artist and printer, and we welcome, as a mark how a taste for
botany is spreading in our colonies, the fact that within a short time,
special handbooks of the Perns of three of them, Natal, Ceylon, and
now Queensland, have been published by residents who have
thoroughly searched out the districts for themselves. But some of the
preface of this Queensland handbook is simply absurd. *• The ferns
of Australia have not attracted the attention they deserve,
either from collectors or scientific men, and it is certainly not
owing to the scarcity of ferns in Australia, nor to the want of interest
attached to them. They are both abundant and of high interest, more
especially so in the colony of Queensland, where some of the rarest
ferns have representatives. It need scarcely be said that no class of
plants is so well worthy of notice, both from scientific men and from
amateurs. Little, however, has been done by the former towards their
arrangement, &c., which maybe doubtless attributed to the fact of
the larger and more important classes of the vegetable kingdom absorb-
ing all the spare botanical talent. The indefatigable Baron von
Mueller is the only one who has approached the subject."

Dr. von Mueller has done far too much for Australian botany to need
to be complimented at other people's expense, and the fact is that the
Australian ferns were so thoroughly and accurately worked out by Robert
Brown in 1810, that all that has been left for those that have followed
has been to add in the new discoveries, and describe the species in
fuller detail ; and that there is not a general book on Perns among the
many that have been written during the last sixty years in which the
Australian species have not received their full share of attention.
However, if not well versed in the literature of his subject, Mr.
Bailey has evidently studied carefully the plants themselves, and
does not aim at making new genera and species, or inventing a classifi-
cation of his own. There are upwards of 140 ferns in the colony, and
he has adopted the genera and descriptions of Moore's " Index Fili-
cum.** We are pleased to see that he seems generally to have drawn
up the descriptions of the species for himself, and that they are both
full and accurate. Good practical plates are given of the essential cha-
racteristics of the 63 genera, so that the result of his labours is a handy
little book by means of which anyone in the colony may, with a little
pains, make out the name for himself of any fern he sees, and classify
his gatherings. We make a few remarks and criticisms on points of
detail. The author does not understand correctly the plan of quoting
authorities for specific names. JJudiei LitihocMa he calls the three
Queensland species, Z. tfipartita, Sw., Z. Milneana, Baker, and Z.
vespertiltomSf Presl. A plant was named Pteris vespertilionis [by
Labillardiere, which was placed by Presl in Litohrochia, Another
plant was named Pteris tripartita by Swartz, and this was also
placed by Presl in Zitobrochia. So that the proper way to cite them
xxnder Zitohrochia is either Z. tripartita, Presl and Z. vespertilionis,
Presl , or Z. tripartita (Sw., as Pteris), and Z. vespertilionis (Labill.
as Pteris), In both the cases, however, there are older specific names

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K0TICE8 OF BOOKS. 379

for the plant?. The Queensland Lindsaay published in our columns
as L, heterophylla, in forgetfulness of that name being preoccupied
by Dryander, Mr. Bailey now describes as L. dimorpka. In some
cases the species are badly arranged under the genera. For instance
(p. 38, 39), Polypodium Hookeri, a little Eupolypodiumy with simple
Ironds, is interpolated between JP, rugulosum and pallidum, two large
decompound species of PhegopteriSj so near to one another that many
writers have placed them as mere varieties. Gonopteria Kennedyi is
a mere synonym of G, urophylla, and yet Mr. Bailey puts one firat
and the other last out of five Queensland species. " G. Oheiabreghtiif
Linden," is not Linden's plant, which is a native of Tropical America,
but Polypodium Eillii, Baker, a new species published in the second
edition of Hooker and Baker's •* Synopsis Filicum." The Tricho-
maneSf described but not named at page 60, is, we leam from speci-
mens forwarded, the cosmopolitan T, pyxidiferum, now found in Aus-
tralia for the first time. J. G. B.

Nommclator Botanicus, Nominum ad fiuem anni 1858 publici fac-
torum, classes, ordines, tribus, familias, divisiones, genera, sub-
genera vel sectiones designantium enumeratio alphabetica, &c.
Conscripsit Ludovicus Peeiffeb. Cassellis 1873-74. Sumptibus
Th. Pischeri.

We take the liberty of calling the attention of our colleagues to a
work which, begun two years ago (see Joum. Bot., 1872, p. 61),
is now near its completion, the **Nomenclator Botanicus,'' of Dr. L.
Pfeiffer, the well-known author of a monograph of the Cactacea, and of
other valuable contributions to botany and the other natural sciences.

Our literature already possesses several works of a similar title,
but none of the same extent and completeness. To make a compai i-
rison between Dr. Pfeiffer's book and the best known and most recent
of those works, Steudel's " Nomenclator," the latter gives an alpha-
betical index of the classes and species known, with the synonyms of
all the phanerogams ; the cryptogams are excluded. The work of
Pfeiffer, it is true, does not contain the species with the exception of
the typical ones, but extends only to the subgenera and sections ; it
comprises however besides the phanerogams, the cryptogams and fossils,
in short the whole vegetable kingdom. In Steudel's works there are
but fragmentary and partial references, which are often quite insuffi-
cient ; Pfeiffer, on the contrary, has made this point his principal
task. Here you do not only find citations of the first authors of the
family, class, and genera, but also the names, volumes, pages, and dates
of all the general systematic works (from Tournefort to the pre-
sent time), in which those groups have been treated, as well as refe-
rences to places where anything remarkable has been published upon
them.

The arrangement is alphabetical, and under every name the cita-
tions are put in historical order. In separate paragraphs are placed
together those authors who agree iu opinion as to the position of the
particular group, with the addition of the opinion itself. This affords

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880 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

a well-arranged view of the transformations which the system in
general, as well as each single gronp, have experienced in course of
time. ,The historical literary section is the most valuahle part of the
work of Pfeiffer. The name of its author already stood security for
scientific accuracy, but on reviewing the long series of citations, and after
having convinced ourselves of their completeness and trustworthiness,
we cannot help expressing our astonishment at the extraordinary assi-
duity and extensive learning which achieved such a task. The re-
marks, too, on the etymology of the names ate of special value. At
present the work comprises only the names known up to the end of
1853, but it is expected that all those which have been since pub-
lished will be treated in a supplement. The get-up of the book is
excellent in every respect, and considering its contents, the price of it
is very moderate. We believe the work is most highly to be recom-
mended to all our colleagues as one of the greatest importance to all
who make systematic botany their study ; as a book for consultation
it is indeed quite indispensable, saving the pains and time which
would be spent in the search after extremely dispersed notices ; every
systematist knows what advantage hereby results to him and to science
in general. The work being written in Latin is accessible to the
learned men of all nations. A. W. Eichler.

Batographische AhhandlungeUy von Dr. W. 0. Focke. (A reprint from
the Transactions of the Natural History Society of Uremen.)

This is a pamphlet with which all Bramble students should make
acquaintance. It does not deal at all with the complicated European
forms, but gives a general review and classification of the extra-
yuropean species, classified under their five geographical areas — Ame-
rica, Australia, Afiica with the Atlantic isles, ^Northern Asia, and
Tropical Asia. Adding these to Europe, we get six geographical
Bramble-areas, and extremely few species reach beyond one of them.
The extra-European species have been much neglected, and Dr. Pocke
finds a great many new ones to describe, nearly all of which, after
going through the specimens, we believe will stand as good species
in a broad sense. He takes pains to work out, name, and define the
best groups or subgenera, a thing which has scarcely been attempted
since the monograph in the Prodromus, and for several of the areas gives
full synoptical tables of species. In America he admits upwards of
sixty species (a dozen described as new) ; for Australia, including
Polynesia and New Zealand nine ; for Africa, including the MascaTene
and Atlantic islands fourteen ; for Russia fifteen. For Tropical Asia
and Europe he does not attempt to give numbers, but for the former
describes eight new species. Altogether there is a large amount of
Bramble-information packed lightly in this unpretending pamphlet.

J. G. B.

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botaInical new*. 381

23otamcal iPctDja?^

Articles in Joubnals. — October.

Monthly Microsc. Journ, — R. Braithwaite, *' Sphagnum Lindbergii,
&chimp., and S. Wulfii, Girgens." (tab. 76, 77.)

Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr, — M. Winkler, " Recollections of a journey
in Spain."— J. L. Holuby, "A new Cuscuta^' (C. Solani.), — ^A. Ear-
ner, ** On Flora of Lower Austria " (contd.). — F. Antoine, ** On
Eucalyptus cultivation."-— J. L. Holuby, " On cryptogamic flora of
Podhrad."— J. C. Schlosser, " The Kalniker Gebrige " (contd.).

Flora, — E. Fleischer, "On Embryology of Dicotyledons and
Monocotyledons ' ' (contd .) . — F. Arnold, * * Lichenological Fragments,
xvii." (contd.). — ^H. Christ, ^^ Rosa-iovm^ of Switzerland and neigh-
bouring countries in 1873, pt. ii."

Bot. Zeitung, — ^P. Ascherson, ** Report of botanical results of Rolfs
expedition to the Libyan Desert " (contd.). — F. Hegelmaier, **0n the
Development of the Monocotyledonous embryo, &c." (contd.).

Hedwigia, — ^V. von Trevisan de St. Leon, " Two new species of
Aspidium " {A. asterolftpts, Travis., A. hemicardion, Trevis.). — ^Von
Thumen, " On Protomyces paehydermuay

Joum, Idnn, Soo, (No. 77, Oct. 17th ). — " Contributions to tha
Botany of the expedition of H.M.S. Challenger^* (twenty papers on
Botany of Bermudas. St. Thomas, Azores, Cape Verdes, St. Paul's
Rocks, Fernando de Noronha, Bahia, Tristan d'Acunha, Inacessible I.,
Marion I., Kerguelen's Land, and Yong I.).

New Books, — Th. Fries, *• Lichenographia," pt. ii. — W. 0. Focke,
'* Batographischa Abhandlungen." — ^E. Gibert, ** Enumeratio planta-
rum sponta nascentium agro Montavidensi, &c." (Montavideo,
1873.)--.Mrs. F. A. Kitchener, *• A Year's Botany" (Rivington's).

Since the death of Dr. Torrey, his report on the Botanical collec-
tions made by the naturalist of Wilkes' expedition on the western
coast of N. America, has been printed under the care of Prof. Asa
Gray. It makes the larger part of the 17th volume of the results of
that expedition, of which, like tha rest, only 100 copies are printed by
Congress ; a small number of extra copies, however, have been secured
at private expense and bound up into one volume with the account of
the lower Cryptogamia of the expedition.

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382 BOTANICAL NEWS.

The second part of vol. xxx. of the Linnean Society's Tmnsactions
is recently issued. It contains a complete monograph of the Leeythi-
dacea by Mr. Miers, illustrated by 33 plates from his pencil. The
species are distributed under 12 genera and mount up to 183, a
greater number, as the author observes, than would be warranted
were it not that the large woody fruits in museums can rarely be
matched with herbarium specimens, and consequently appear as sepa-
rate species.

The 63rd fascicle of the Flora Brasiliensis contains \he Folygalacea
worked out by Mr. A. W. Bennett ; the 64th (vol. xi., pt. 2) the
second portion of the JSuphorliacetB by J. Miiller.

A translation of Dr. Ascherson's account in the " Botanische
Zeitung," of the botanical results of Kohlf's exploration of the Libyan
Desert, has been published in the Gardener's Chronicle. The
report also contains the observations of Dr. Schweinfurth on a journey
to the oasis of Khargeh, made about the same time as EoMf s ex-
pedition.

Under the title of '* Prodrome de la Flore du Grand- Duchd de
Luxembourg," M. J. P. J. Koltz has published the first part, including
the Phanerogams, of a complete catalogue of the plants of that district,
with copious localities. Luxembourg occupies a position of interest
in a geographico-botanical point of view, and the publication of this
catalogue fills up a gap in European floras. A short historico-literary
introduction is prefixed.

Miss E. Hodgson has liberally presented specimens of all the
species enumerated in her catalogue of Lake Lancashire plants, printed
in our pages, to the British Museum.

Mr. Crombie has just issued Century I, of his ** Idchenes Britan-
nici Exsiccati,^^ containing many of the rarer and the new species not
included in the Exsiccati of Leighton and Mudd. The few copies
published are intended solely for public herbaria.

Mr. John E. Vize, Forden Ticarage, Welshpool, is issuing a Fasci-
culus of 100 specimens of Microscopic Fungi of the groups Puceini<Bi,
Caomaeei, (Ecidiacei, Mttcedtnes, Erysiphei, The price is £1.

Dr. Mcl^ab is at present forming a British Herbarium at the
Koyal College of Science, Dublin, and would be glad if any friends
would assist him by donations of rare or critical species. *

We understand that Dr. Boswell Syme is at work on the British
Ferns, for an additional volume of '* English Botany." A supplement
is also in preparation, to include the additions to the Phanerogamic
flora of Britain, which have been made during and since the publica-
tion of the eleven volumes of the book.

As there was no Exchange Chib distribution this year Dr. Symci
does not think there is any occasion to print a report ; it is confidently
hoped that next year will see both distribution and report issued in
good time.

The death is recorded in the Gardener's Chronicle for November
14th, of Joseph Evans, one of the botanists in humble life, of South
Lancashire. He was a native of Boothstown, a village near Man-

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BOTANICAL NEWS.

383

Chester, and at the time of his death, on June 23rd, was 7 1 years old 5
from his knowledge of the medicinal properties of plants he was
called by the inhabitants ** Dr.'' Evans.

We regret to announce the death of Dr. Edwin Lankester, Coroner
for Central Middlesex, at Margate, on October 30th. Best known as
a promoter of sanitary and economic science, and as an admirable lec-
turer and writer, he possessed an extensive knowledge of natural
history, and has published numerous books and papers on microscopical
and general zoology and botany. In 1849 he translated Schleiden's
" Principles of Scientific Botany ;*' lie was also the author of an
account of Askem in Yorkshire, which contains a local Elora. He
was elected F.R.S. in 1845, in which year Lindley dedicated to him
the Acanthaceous genus ZankesUria,

We are sorry to have to record the death of Mrs. Hooker, wife of
the Director of Kew Gardens. The sad event happened suddenly and
unexpectedly on -November 13th. Mrs. Hooker was a daughter of
the late Professor Henslow of Cambridge ; she possessed considerable
literary abilities and is well known to have greatly assisted Dr.
Hooker in his various undertakings connected with botanical literature.
Her most extensive work is the English translation of Le Maout and
Decaishe's ** Trait6 g^n^ral de Botanique," which was edited by Dr.
Hooker and noticed in this Journal last year (1873, p. 153). "We, in
common with all botanists, sympathise with Dr. Hooker in the great
loss he has sustained, which will be felt also in a large circle of
friends.

The death is announced, on \ November 12ist, at Sandown, Isle
of Wight, of Sir William Jardine, Bart., of Lockerby, Dumfries, at
the age of seventy-four. 'Though his chief scientific work was in the
department of ornithology, he was a naturalist in the wide sense of
the word and established tte ** Magazine of Zoology and Botany,'*
afterwards the ** Annals of Natural History," which In 1841 was
combined with the ** Magazine of Natural History," to form the
" Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.," still continued. He was a Fellow of
the Eoyal and Linnean Societies.

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284 EKBATA AND COBBIQENDA.

ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA.

Page 29, line 24, for Broome read Boon. P. SI, 1. 22 from bottom, /or
xviii read xix. P. 32, 1. 16 from bottom, far Bigclovia read Bigelovia. P.
63, 1. 26, for Smethwick read Southwick. P. 64, 1. 3 from bottom fitr
specimen read specimens. P. 113, bottom line, for xxviii. read xxix ; and
80 throughout the article. P. 116, 1. 26 from bottom, /or Guthribat read
QuTHBi^A. P. 118, 1. 10, /br Baldeviam^ read Bai.debeam^. P. 125,
1. 20 from bottom /or Ar eschong r^a/;^ Areschoug. P. 127, 1. 4 from bottom,
fw Bask read Busk. P. 168, 1. 6, /or in read into. P. 160, 1. 4, /or a sexual
read asexual. P. 162, 1. 17, 18 from bottom, /or Warner read Warren. P.
190, L 2 from bottom, /or Revue read Belgique. P. 192, L 17, /or two read
one. P. 287, 1. 13 from botto n, for N.B., 616 read New B.G., 516. P.
256, 1. 27 from bottom, /or Fohhrai read Tokbrai. P. 256, 1. 26 from bot-
tom, /or JBalanostieblua read Balanostrehlus. P. 274. 1. 2, for east retid west.
P. 277, L 4 from bottom, for kedge read hedge. P. 295, 1. 7, /or JcMchka
read Jaschke, P. 307, 1. 2 from bottom, for Meisoner read Meissner. P.
320, 1. 20 from bottom, deU (Bruchia vogesiaca), P. 320, bottom line, for
314 read 318. P. 321, 1. 15,/or from 2 to 3 inches read scarcely an inch.
P. 826, 1. 22 from hotiom^ for juncifoUm readjunciforfnis, P. 1. 325, 9 and
10 from bottom, take out the brackets. P. 328, 1. 17 from bottom for un-
common read common. Tab. 153, for Woohopensis read Woolhopensis.

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385

INDEX.

of.

Aberia ctffra, 238
Acalypha cordovensis, 228
Adansonia, rate of Growth

India, 83.
Ague Plant, 222
Albardine, 57
Albuca Cooperl 366, flaccida, 366;

polyphylla 367 ; Shawii, 367
Alfa, 67
Allin, T., on Plants of Oo, Cork, 67,

279
Allium ascalonicam, 295 ; aiiriculatiim,
295 ; blandum. 295 : caspium, 290
Oepa, 295 ; chinense, 29 1 ; cootuin-
guineum, 293 ; exsertum, 294 ; Go'
vaniannm, 293 ; Griffithianuni
290 ; Hookeri, 292 ; junceum, 295
longistylum, 294; loratum, 290
inacranthuni> 293 ; nerinifolium,
290; odorum, 291; robustum, 289
rubelluin, 29(> ; rubene, 293 ; Schoe
noprasum, 292 ; Semenovii, 293
sikkimense, 290; 8tock8ianum, 292 :
Stracheyi, 293 ; tenuissimum, 292
Thomaoni, 294; tuberosum, 291
umbilicatum, 291; victorialia, 291
WaUiehil 291
Alliums of India, China, and Japan,

289
Aloe Bainesii, 190 ; Barberae, 190
Aithenia Barrandonii, 125
Aluminium, occurrence of, in Crypto-
gams, 340
Amblystrtgium Formi^num, 256, 286.
Ampelodesmrts tenax, 57
Anaphalis sinica, 261
Androcymbium, on the genuR, 243
Burohellii, 246; Burkei. 246; cus-
pidatum, 245 ; eucomoides, 245
leucanthiim, 245; longipes, 246
melanthoides, 244 ; punctatum, 246
striatum 244 ; subulatum, 245
volutum, 246
Androstephium breviflorum, 5
Angolaea, 286
Anthoxanthum Fuelii in England,

279.
Apodanthes, Seeds of, 313
Archer, W, on the Desmidesa of Nor-
way (review), 89 ; on a new species
of Spirogyra (review), 124 ; Review
of Wittrock's Prod. Mon. (Elo-
goniearum, 371

Argentine Republic, New Euphorbi-
aceee from, 200, 227

Arthonia astroidestera, 149

Aschersonia, 839

Ascobolus, new species of, 3^3 (tab.
153—156 ) ; Crouani, "^56 ; cunicu-
larius, 355; I eveillei, 356; parvi-
sporus, 356 ; subhirtas, 357 ; Wool-
hopensis, 356

Ascozonus, 356

Asplenium, a New Chinese, 142

Babiagtonia. 371

Babington, C, C , Oarer omithopoda

in England, 371
Babington's Manual of British Botany,

ed. vii. (review), 215
Bacicci, 29

Bapnaall, J. E., on the Moss-flora of
Warwickshire, 18 ; Tortula sinuosa
in Warwickshire, 159
Bailey, F. M., Handbook of the

Ferns of Queensland (review), 377
Baker, J. G., on New and Little-
known Capsular Gamophyllous Li-
liaceae, 3 ; on LindssBa heterophylla,
23 ; on synonymy of North Ameri-
can species of Cheilanthes, 143;
on new DracaBuas from Tropical,
Africa, 164 ; on a new Fluggea,
174 ; on two new species of Pellaea,
199 ; on Galeopsis speciosa, 204 ; on
the genus Androcymbium, 243 ; on
a new Heleniopsis, 278 ; on a Tree-
Fern from Lord Howe's Island,
279; on the Alliums of India,
China, and Japan, 289; on a new
variety of Kosa iuvoluta, 338 ; cat-
alogue of hardy Sempervivums,
343 ; descriptions of new spe(;ies
of Scillesd and other LiliacesB. 363
Baker's Revision of Tulipeaa, 29
Balanocarpus, 154.
Balanostreblus, 256
Barbula commutata, 320
Bedford, Floras of, 111
Bemmelen's (van) Repertorium Aa-

nuum (review) 121
Bentham, G., degree of LL.D. con-
ferred on, 224
Bentley's Manual of Botany, ed. iii., 60
Berkshire, Puccinea Malvacearum at
Newbury, 24 ; Floras of, 109

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386

IKBBX.

Bermndas, Vegetation of, 63

Bernardia Lorentzii, 229

Bernauxia, 31

Berteroa incana, 370

Bescherellia, 31

Biscutella IsBvigata var. intermedia,

28
Blati-dye Plant, 239
Blow, T. B , on Rumex sylvestris in

Herts, 280, 807
Blumeodendron, 256
Blytt*8 Norges Flora (roTiew), 281
Boohmeria platypbylla, var. tricuspis,

261
Books, new, 32, 63, 125, 190, 223,

256, 820, 351, 881
Boswell, H., on Tortnla inclinata as a
British Moss (tab. 139); on Dicra-
num undulatum in England, 175
Botanical Bibliography of the British

Counties, 66, 1C8, 155, 178, 233
Botanical Congress, Note on, 158
Botanical Exchange Club, 32, 382
Bradfoid, Flora of, 10, 78
Brassica campestris, 327
Brewerina, 32

Briggs, T. R. A., on Malva borealis in
East Cornwall, 306 ; notes on Ply-
month plants, 327
British Plants, on the World-distri-
bution of 84 ; dispersion of, 248
British Museum, official Report of,

for 1878, 205
Britten's list of Suffolk plants, 160;
— and Holland's Dictionary of Eng-
lish Plant-Names, 160
Bromwich, H., on Warwickshire

Plants, 112
Brown's Manual of Botany (review),

283
Buckinghamshire, Floras of, 110
Buddie, Adam, 87
Buddie's Hortus Siccus, the Mosses of,

36
Bulbochoete, arrangement of, 375
Bulbophyllnm tsdniophyllum, 198 ;

Thwaitesii, 199
Bull, M. M., on the Flora of Saik,

88
Bntomus mnbellatns near Leeds, 807
Calamus, new Chinese species of,
268 ; MargaritsB, 266 ; thysanolepis,
265 ; Walkeri, 266
Caley, George, 60
Callitriche obtusang^ula in Kent, 280 ;

in Sussex, 307.
Cambridge, Fumaria Yaillantii of, 81
Cambridgeshire ; plants of Kirtling,

22 ; Floras of. 111
Camptotheca, 81

Campylopus brevifolius in Ireland, 25
Caradoc Field Club, meeting of, 352
Carex depauperata in Surrey, 205;

frigida in Scotland, 340; omilho-
poda in England, 371
Carroll, I., his herbarium acquired by

British Museum, 352
Carmthers, W., Official Report of

British Museum for 1873, 205
Cash's Where there's a Will there's a

Way (review), 59
Castanopsis chinensis, 243
Caulioia spinulosa, 339
Centaurea Jacea, 370 ; solstkialis, 370
Cerastium petrsium, 370
Cheilanthes, N. American species of,

47, 148
Chamaerops humilis, 28
Cheshire, Floras of, 179 ; Anthox-
anthum Puelii in, 278 ; Bosainvoluta,

var. Webbii in, 338
Chinese Plants, New, 81, 53, 142, 177,

263
Church, A. H., Notes on the Occur-
rence of Aluminium in certain

Cryptogams, 340
CoUemacei, Revision of the British,

330
Colvend, Botany of, 63
Comber, T., on the World-distribution

of British Plants, 84 ; the dispersion

of British Plants, 248
Commission, Royal, on Scientific In-
struction, fourth Report of, 192
Congress,. Botabical, at Florence, 18 5

210
Cooke's Fungi Britannici, 256
Coprosma Waimeaa, 286
Comwal], Geaster saccatns in, 55 ;

Floras of, 68 ; Tortula sinuosa in

112 ; Malva borealis in, 306 ; plants

of; 370
Corydalis claviculata in Co. Derry,

184
Corylacese, on some Asiatic, 240
Cosmarium isthmochondrum, 90
CrataBva, India species of (tt. 146 —

147), 193; lophosperma, 195; ma-

crocarpa, 195
Crombie, J. M.. on Recent Additions

to the British Lichen-flora, 146 ;

on Ptychographa, a new genus of

Lichens (t. 150), 257; Revision of

British CoUemacei, 830
Croton argentinns, 200 ; glandulosua

0. cordovensis, 203 ; Lorentzii,

201 ; myriodontus, 202 ; sarcopeta-

lus, 201
Cryptogams, occurrence of Aluminium

in, 840
Cucurbitaria Euonymi, 256
Cumberland, Floras of, 183
Cyathea Macarthuri, 280; Moorei,

279
Cynoglossum omphalodes in Herts,

338

Digitized by

Google

IITDBX.

387

Cynomoriam, distribntion o^, 184
Cytinus Hypocistis, 214

Daemoaorops, 265

Dalzell, N. A., On Plantago lanceo-
lata, ISi

De Candolle, Alphonse, on the Bo-
tanical Congress, 158 ; on distribu-
tion of Alpine plants, 218

De CandoUe's I'lodromos, vol. xvii.
(review), 68

Deiitschia Winteri, 190

Delphinium nudicaole, germination
of, 29

Derbyshire, Tortula brevirostris in,
139; Floras of, 179

Derry, Corydalis claviculata io, 184

Deseglise, A, on Kosa balearica and
K. Tosagiaca, 73; notes upon
Koses, 167

Desmidiacete of Sweden, 63 ; of
Norway (review), 89

Desmidium quadralum, 92

Devon, Lobelia urens in, 23; Floras
o^ 69; Tortula sinuosa in, 112;
Kosa latebrosa and R. aspernata in,
171 ; Plymouth plants, 827

Dianthus Armeria, 370; Girandiai,
223; GuUaB, 338

DiatomacesB, New, 31

Dicranum flagellare in Britain (t. 149),
225 ; palustre, 176 ; Scottianum,
227 ; undulatumas a native of Eng-
land, 175

Dionsea, electrical phenomena con-
nected with, 25

Diospyros, notes on various species of,
238 ; hurchellii, 240 ; peruviana,
var. Riedelii, 240

Dipcadi montanum, 5 ; serotinum, var.
fulvum, 5

Dipterocarpus, revision of (t. 143 —
145), 97, 101 ; acutangulus, 160,
152 ; Beccarianus, 151, 153 ; Bec-
carii, 103, 152 ; fagineus, 149, 152 ;
geniculatus, 150, 152 ; globosus,
151, 153; hirtus, 151, 153; intri-
catus, 105, 152 ; Lemeslei, 150,
152 ; macrocarpus, 151, 153 ; nobilis,
105, 152 ; nudus, 150, 152; pentap-
terns, 106, 152 ; prismaticus, 104,
152 ; stellatus, 150, 152 ; stenopterus,
150, 152 ; undulatus, 150, 152

Diss, 67

Dock, the Great Water, of England
(t. 140), 33; from the South of
England (t. 146), 161

Dorset, Floras of; 70 ; ManseU-Pley-
dell's Flora of (review), 219

Dracaenas, New, from Tropical Africa,
164 ; D. Afzelii, 167 ; Camerooniana,
166 ; densifolia, 165 ; glomerata,
166; humilis, 166; Kirkii, 164;
Mannii, 161 ; Perrottetii, 165

Drimia h^acinthoides, 6

Drimiopsis botryoides, 864

Dryobalanops, revision of (t. 142),
98; Beccani, 100; oblongifolia,
100

Durham, Floras of, 181

Duthie, J. F., Additions to the Flora
of Tuscany, 49 ; on Polygala aus-
triaca in Kenl^ 204 ; on Callittiche
obtusangula in Kent, 280 ; on
Botany of the Iklaltese Islands, 321

Dyer, W. T, T., revision of the
Genera Dryobalanops and Diptero-
carpus (tt. 142—145), 97 ; M. Ves-
que's new Dipterocarpeffi, 152 ; on
some Indian Dipterocarpesd, 154 ; on
Tree Aloes, 190

Ebenacesd, Notes on, 238

Echium plantagineum, 371

Enteromorpha Planchoniana, 81 .

Epilobium Krausei, 320

Erica Mackayana, New istation for,

806
Eruca longirostris, 222; sativa in

Herts, 338
Eryngium campestre ia Kent, 246
Eryt£w)staphyle (=Iode8 sp.), 116,

184
Esparto Grass, 56
Essex, Floras of, 108
Euclea nndulata, 238
Euphorbia Echinus, 850 ; Eichleri,

232; Lorentzii, 231; ovalifolia i

argentina, 232 ; portulacoides 3

obtusifolia, 233; S major, 233;

serpens, var. microphylla, 231
Euphorbiacesa Novae, 200, 227
Evans, Joseph, death of, 382

Falcaria Rivini in Hants, 279

Farlow, W. G., on asexual repro-
duction of Ferns, 185 ; appointed
Assistant Prof, of Bot. at Cam-
bridge, U.S., 352

Fee, A., death of; 223 .

Ferns, asexual reproduction o^ 185;
of New Caledonia, 31 ; of Queens-
land, 878

Florence, Botanical Congress at, 185,
210

Fluggea, A new Himalayan, (F. dra-
caenoides), 174

Focke, W. D. Batographische Ab-
handlungen (review) 380

Fourniera, 31

Fumaria gaditana, 62; Jankaa, 81;
Ls^geri, 31 ; malacitana, 62 ; tenui-
secta, 116; Vaillantii, 81

Fungus Show at Munich, 352

Galeopsisspeciosa = G. versicolor, 2 34
Gastrodia orobanchoides, 127
G^ay, Claude, death of, 192

Digitized by

Google

S8S

niDKX.

ChiT, J.y on LeQCftntlMmiim mlgaze

p. mnoosoiiiy 58
Oeanter laccatiifl, 65
Geranioin mtheriicqin, 32
Gbiesbreghtia, 32
GiaDnini, Dr. OioTanni, 50
Gladioltu illjriciu in Donet, 222
<>louceftenhirey Floras of^ 112
GoDodtmt, 256
Goaldia axillaris, 286
Gray's Botanical Contributions, 32
GroTes, on Flora of Monte Argentaro,

28
Goarri Bnsb, 238
Gaillbnia novo-ebndica, 127
Ganisanthos mollis, 239
Gypfopbila vaccaria in Hants, 279

Hampsbire, Floras of, 71; Anthox-
aotbom Pnelii in, 278; Palcaria '
Kivini in, 279 j

Hanbary, F. J., on Eryngiom campes- i
tTfi in Kent, 24^.

Hance, fl. F., Novam Plectranthi
ftpeciem, 53; De nova Asplerii
specie, 142; note on Hypolepi!*, 142
on Spatbodea cauda-felina, 17T; on
a new Cbinese Hydrangea, 177 ; on
Kative Country of Seris^a, 183 ; on
Erytbrostapbyle, 184 ; Distribution
of Cynomorium, 184; on some Asi-
atic CorylacesB, 240 ; on a small collec-
tion of plants from Einkiang, 258 ;
on tbree new Cbinese Calami, 263 ;
on Scirpus triqueter in B. China,
329; on a new Symplooos (8.
decora) 869

Hart, W. E , on Corydalis claviculata
in Co. Deny, 124

Heer, O., Wollaston Medal Conferred
on, 64

Heleniopsis, a new, from Formosa (H.
umbellata), 278

Hemerocallis disticba, 3

Hemipilia calopbylla, 197

Hemitelia Macartburi, 279

Hepaticro, British (review), 188 ; New
British, 62

Herefordfchire, Floras of, 166 ; Rumex
maritimusin, 839

Heritiera, two new species of (tab.
141), 65 ; H. dubia, 65 ; macro-
phylla, 66 ;

Hertfordshire, additions to Flora of,
22, 367 ; Floras of, 108 ; supplement
to, 127; Lathyrus sphaBricus in,
205 ; Rumex sylvestris in, 280,
307

Hesperocallis undulata, 3

Hieracium calophyllum, 190

Hiem, W. P., >iotes on Ebenacesa,
238

Hobkirk, C. P., on Tortula sinuosa in
Oxfordshire, U2

Hodgson, Miss, on North or Liake
Lancadiire, 268, 296; plants pre-
sented to British Museum, 383

Holland and Britten's Dictionary of
English Plant-Names, 16U

Holmes, £. M^ on the occurrence of
Dicrannm flagellare in Britain (i.
149). 225

Booktf, J. D. Report of Kew Herba-
rium and Library for 1873, 208 ; on
Hydnora americana, 26 ; elected
President of Royal Society, 32

Hooker, Mrs^ Death of; 883

Huntingdonshire, Floras of. 111

Hyadnthus amethystinus, 7 ; capita-
tuB, 8 ; ciliatus, 8 ; dalmaticus, 7 ;
exsculptus, 7 : flexuosus, 8 ; glaucus,
8; Haynei, 7 ; Olivieri, 8 ; para-
doxus, *8 ; persicus, 7 ; syriacus, 8

Hydnoraceai, struoture of seeds of,
308

Hydnora americana, 26, 32

Hydrangea, a new Chinese, (H. Moel-
lendorffii), 177

Hypericum Desetangsii, 223 : trans-
silvanicum, 222

Hypolepis, note on, 142

Idothearia, 6

lodes, 115, 184

Ireland, Mosses of (review), 24 ;
plants of Down and Antrim, 351,
plants of Co. Cork, 57, 279 ; Cory-
dalis claviculata in Co. Derry, 184 ;
new station for Erica Mackayana,
306

Isle of Wight, Floras of, 71

Isoetes lacustris in Shropshire, 280

Jackson, B.D , Sketch of the Life of

Wm. Sherard, 129
Jackson, J. R., on Esparto Grass, 55
Janka, V. de, on Dianthus Guliae,

338
Jardine, Sir W., death of, 383
Johns, Rev. C. A., death of, 256
Journals, Articles in : —

American Academy, Proceedings of

32, 126
American Naturalist, 31, 95, 189,

320, 360
Annales des Sciences Naturelles,

31, 159, 255, 286, 351
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Journal

of, 266
Belgique, Bulletin Soc. Bot. Royale

de, 96, 223, 320, 350
Belgique Hortioole, 127, 190
Botanische Zeitung, 32, 62, 95, 125,
159, 196, 222, 265, 286, 320, 350,
381
Botanisk Tidsskrift, 160
Botaniska Notiser, 32, 63, 125, 170|
223, 350

Digitized by

Google

INDEX.

389

Flora, 81, 62, 95, 125, 160, 190,

222,256,286,320,381
Floral Magazine, 191
France, Bulletin Soc. Bot., 31.

125, 223, 350, 352
Giornale But. Ital., Nuovo, 125,

223, 320
Grevillea, 81, 62, 95, 125, 159, 189,

222 255
Hedwigia, 32, 62, 190, 255, 286, 820,

350, 381
Horticultural Society, Journal of

Royal, 95
Irish Academy, Transactions of

Royal, 352
Lens, 124, 126
Leopoldina, 352
Linutea, 125

Linnean Society, Journal of, 62,
189, 286, 381 ; Transactions of,
256, 882
Monthly Microscopical Journal, 31,

62, 189, 265, 28d, 381
Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief,

169
Nova Acta, 63

CEstQrr. Bot. Zeitschrift, 32, 63, 96,
125, 1.9, 190, 222, 255, 286, 320,
350, 381
Popular Science Review, 256
Pringsheim's Jahrbucher, 126, 361
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical

Science, 95, 1»9
Revue Bryologique, 191
Scottish Naturalist, 95, 189, 286
Senekenberg Nat. Hist. Soc. Bericht,

of, 191
St. IMtersbourg, M ^moires de I'Acad.
de Sciences de, 287
Julocroton serratus, 227 ; subpan-
nosud, 203

Kalcbbrenner and Schulzer's Icones
llymenomycetum (review), 123

Kei Apple, 238

Kendka Qand, 238

Kent, Floras of, 72; Poly gala aus-
triaca in, 204 ; Dicranum flagellare
in, 225 ; Eryngium campestre in,
246; CalUtriclio obtusangula in,
280

Kew Gardens, Wild Flora of, in pre-
paration, 127

Kew Uerbarium and Librarj', Report
of, for 1873, 208

Kitchener, F. E., on an Elementary
Proof of the Rule for detecting
Spiral Arrangement, 8

Kiukiang, plants of, 258

Kniphofia caulescens, 3 ; comosa, 4 ;
foliosa, 4 ; Macowani, 3 ; porphy-
rantha, 4 ; Schimperi, 4

Kuy's Wandtafeln (review), 285

Kurz, 8., Description of Utricularia

nivoa, 53 ; on Lichens in India,
280 ; on two new species of Heri-
tiera (tab. 141), 65 ; on Indian speciifS
of Cratfleva (tab 146—147), 193;
on a new Sikkim Vine, 196

Lachenalia campanulata, 6 ; postulata,
6 ; tricolor, 6 ; trichophylla, 868
Lady's Looking-glass, 66
Lancashire, Rosa vosagiaca in, 76 ;

Floras of; 181, 182; Flora of Lake,

268, 296
Lankester, E., death of, 383
Lathyrus sphaBricus in Herts, 205
Lecanora fugiens, 147 ; spodophseiza,

148
Lecidea epiphorbia, 95 ; subretusa,

350 ; new British species of, 148,
. 149

Leeds, Flora of, 78
Leefe's Salictum Exsiccatum (4th

fascicle), 126
Lees, F. A., engaged on Flora of

West Riding, 63; Flora of Leeds

and Bradford district, 78 ; on Flora

of Yorkshire coalfield, 144
Leptodermis oblonga, 183
Leucanthemum vulgare, var. maco-

sum, 58
Lianas, 212

Libyan Desert, expedition to, 287, 383
Lichen-ilora, British, Additions to,

146
lichens, new genus of (t. 150), 257 ;

in India, 280
Liliacese, new and little known cap-
sular gamophyllous, 3 ; new species

of, 363
Lincolnshire, Floras of, 178
Lindberg, S. O , on the Mosses of

Buddie's Hortus Siccus, 36
LindssQa heterophylla, 23, 379
Linnean Society, 26, 63, 96, 127, 192,

288
Liriope, 174

Lobelia urens at Axminster, 23
London Catalogue of British Plants

(review), 286
Lowe, R. T., death of, 192, 287
Lund, S., observations sur le calice

des Composees (review), 376
LycopodiacesB, occurrence of Alu-
minium in, 340
Lygeum Spartum, 66

Mackenzie, Peter, 61

McNab, on Movements of Water in
plants, 352, 870; Review of Lund
on the calyx of CompositsB, 376

Macrochloa tenacissima, 66

Maltese Islands, on the Botany of,
321

Malva borealis in East Cornwall, 306

Man, Isle of, Flora of, 183

Digitized by

Google

390

INDEX.

Manchester, Banksian Society o^ 61

MaDgosteen, 239

Manihot anisophylla, 230

Mansel-PJeydell, J. C, Flora of Dor-
setshire (review), 219

Masdevallia, Morren*8 enumeration of,
127; myrioaigma, 127

Massonia Brachypos, 368; odorata, 6;
Schlechtendalii, 6

Mauritius, AlgsB o^ 29; projected
Floraof, 287, 351

Meisener, death of, 191

Melampsorella, 255

Mesoneuris, 32

Meteorium tetragonum, 38

Micromoria Rodriguezii, 96

Middlesex, Puccinia Malvacearum at
Ealing, 24 ; Floras of, 109 ; PlanU
of, 247

Milla biflora, 6 ; violacea, 6

Mitten, W., on the Aloina section of
the Genus Tortula, 139

Mohl, H. von., biography of, 352

Monmouthshire, Floras of, 156 ; Che-
nopodium rubrum in, 339

Monte Argentaro, Flora of, 28

Moore, D., on Orobancheramosa, 339 ;

More, A. G., on a new station for
Erica Mackayana, 306 ; on Cheno-
podium rubrum in Monmouthshire,
330

Moricandia arvensis, 370

MorrcQ's enumeration of Masdevallia,
127; of Trichopilia, 191; List of
Botanic Gardens, &c., 160

Mosses, additional Oxfordshire, 2, 112 ;
of Warwickshire, 18 ; of Worcester-
shire, 22; of Ireland (review), 24;
new genus of, from New Caledonia,
31 ; of Buddie's Hortus Siccus, 36

Movements of water in plants, 362

Mueller, Baron, on New Hebrides
plants, 127

Miiller, J., Euphorbiacesa Novsb,
200, 227

Muscari lingfulatum, 6 ; paradoxum,
6

Myrmecodia selebica, 223

Namaqua-land, New Ferns from, 194

New Hebrides plants, 127

New species of Phanerogamous plants

published in Britain during 1873,

113
Nieto, Don Josfe, death of, 127
Nicholson, R., preparing Flora of

Kew Gardens, 127
Nordstedt's Desmidess of Norway

(review), 89; New species ofSpiro-

gyra, 125
Norfolk, Floras of, 110
Northamptonshire, Floras of. 111
Northumberland, Floras of, 182
Norway, DesmidesD of (review), 89

Nottingham, Floras of, 179
Nympbsdacese, Angolan, 126

CBlogonieso, Wittrock's Monograph

of, 371
(Elogoninm, arrangement o^ 374
Oocarpon, 286

Orchidology, contributions to, 196
Omithogalum aciphyllum, 365; flavo-

virons, 3i5 ; gracile, 366 ; paludo-

sum, 866 , tropicale, 365
Orobanche micrantha, 320; ramosa,

339
Ostryopsis, 81
Oxfordshire Mosses, additional, 2,

112; Floras of, 109

Palma di San Pier Martire, 28

Pappus of Oompositaa, 876

Parish, C. P., Orchids discovered by

196 '

Pellaa<i lanclfolia, 199; namaqaensis,

199 ; Stelleri, 144
Penium minutissimum, 92
Penzance, plants of» 370
Peperomia, Brazilian species of, 63
Peronospora infestans, 160
Pertusaria urceolata, 143
Feziza cunicularia, 355
Pfeiffer, L., Nomenclator botanicus

(review), 379
Phillips, W, on Isoetes lacustris in

Shropshire, 280
Phlssospora, 63
Phomia LonicersQ, 256
Phyllocyclus, 266
PUostyles, 311
Pittosporum Campbelli, 127
Plantago arenaria, 370
Plant-names, Dictionary of English,

160
Plectranthus, a new Chinese, 53
Plymouth, plants of, 327
Polygonum Torreyi, 31
Posidonia Caulini, 29
Potato Disease, 160
Pritzel, G. A., death of, 288
Prosopanche, 26, 32, 315
Pryor, R. A., on additions to Flora of

Herts, 22, 337 ; on Plants of Kirt-

ling, 22; preparing supplement to

Herts Flora, 127; on Lathy thus

sphoericus in iierts, 205
Ptychographa (t. 150), 257
Puccinia Malvacearum, 24, 62

Queensland, Ferns of, 377

Quercus discocarpa, 242 ; sderophylla,

242; umbonata, 241; Wallichiana,

241 ; Woodii, 240

Bafflesia Arnold!, 29 ; seeds of, 309
Bafflesiacesd, structure of seeds of,
308

Digitized by

Google

iin>Ex.

391

Bapibtram rugosum in HertSf 838
Beeks, Henry, on Falcaria Bivini in

Hants, 279
Beeves, W. W., on Carex depanperata

in Surrey, 205
Beichenbach, H. G., contributions lo

Orchidolog^y, 196
Bepertorinm Annuum (review), 121
Beviews :
Synopsis of the Mosses of Ireland,

by D. Moore, 24
De Candolle's Prodromus, voL xvii.,

58
Where there's a Will there's a

Way, by James Gash, 60
A Manual of Botany, by B. Bentley

(ed. 2), 61
Treasury of Botany (ed. 2), 61
The DesmidesB of Norway, by O.

Nordstedt, 89
Bepertorium annuum Literatursa

Botanic8e,by J. A. van Bemmelen,

121
Icones Selectas Hymenomycetum

Hungarise, by S. Schulzer and 0.

Kalcbbrenner, 122
Britibh Hepaticse, by B. Carrington,

188
Manual of British Botany (ed. 7),

by C. C. Babington, 2' 5
Flora of Dorsetshire, by J. C.

Mansel-Pleydell, 219
Norges Flora, by Axel Blytt, 281
Prodromus Floras tiispanicae, by

Willkomm and Liange, 282
A Manual of Botany, by B. Brown,

283
Wandtafeln, by L. Knv, 285
London Catalogue of British Plants

(ed. 7), 285
Flora Cravoniensifl, by John Wind-
sor, 848
Prodromus MonographisB GSdogo-

niearum, by V. B. Wittrock, 371
Observations sur le calice des Com-

pos^es, by S. Lund, 376
Nomenclator botanicus, by L.

Pfeiffer, 379
Handbook of the Ferns of Queens-
land, by F. M. Bailey, 377
Batographische Abhandlungen, by

W. O. Focke, 880
Khynchosteffium, 320
Roebuck, W. D., on Butomus urn-

bellatus near Leeds, 807
Bohlfs expedition to the Libyan

Desert, 287
Boper^s supplement to Flora of East-
bourne, 160
Bosa addita, 168 ; Amansii, 169 ;
aspernata, 171 ; balearica, 73 ; dis-
similis, 168; Gandogeriana, 223;
hemisphsBrica, 172; involuta, var.,
338; jaetata, 169; latebrosa, 170;

numidica 171; Bapini, 172; vir-
ginea, 167 ; vosagiaca, 75
Boyena hirsute, var. rigida, 239
Bubus pacificus, 269 ; tephrodes, 260
Bumex Britannica, 35; CalJearum,
36, 204 ; Hydrolapathum, 35, 247 ;
var. latifolius, 35, maritimus iu
Herefordshire, 339 ; maritimu8,
var. Warrenii (t. 146), 1 61; maxi-
mus, (t. 140), 35; 247; Sfceini,
163; sylvestris in Herts, 280,
307, 338
BHtland, Floras of, 179

Saccolabium fragraas, 197 ; ' EUisQ,

197
Sagina maritima, 370
S. Helena, proposed Flora of, 351
Salictum exsiccatum (Leefe's), 126
Salix Sadleri, 839 , laevigata, 190
Sanderson on Dionasa, 25
San Giorgio, death of the Contessa di,

256
Sark, Additions to the Flora of, 83
Saxaul, 62
Scalius, 189

Schaeffer, Herrich, death of, 192
Schizobasis intrieata, 368
Schizophyti, 214
Schulzer and Kalchbrennei'd Icones

Hymenomycetum (review), 122
Scilla acaulis, 364 ; saturate, 865
ScillesB, new species of, 363
Scirpus triqueter in Southern China

329
Scotland; Botany of Colvend, 68;

Botanical Bibliography of, 233 ;

Fungi of Morayshire, 286
Sebastiania Klotzchiana, var. tricho-

podia, 330
Sempervivums, Catalogue of Hardy,

343
Serissa, native country of, 183
Shropshire, Isoetes lacustris in, 280 ;

Floras of, 155
Soil, influence of, on plants, 112
Solms-Laubach, H., on the structure

of the seeds of Bafflesiaceae and

Hydnoraceae (tt. 151—152), 308
Somerset, Floras of, 69 ; Bosa asper-
nata in, 171
Spathodea Cauda-felina, note on, 177
Sphacelaria Clevei, 190
SpbaBria carbonaria, 255 ; S. Winteri,

255
Spiral arrangements, proof of rule for

detecting, 8
Spirogyra punctata, 228 : velata, 124
Staffordshire, Floras of, 155
StapeliaB, Abnormal, 185
iStaurastrum arcuatum, 92 ; gemi-

natum, 91 ; inconspicuum, 91 ; tere-
brans, 91
Suffolk, I lores of, HO, 160

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«92

iXDKy.

"Surrey, Rumex maximus in. 36;
Floras of, 73 ; Wild Flora of Kew
Gardens, 127 ; Carox depauperata'
Id, 205 ; Wolffia on Barnes Common,
306 ; at Weston, 871

Sussex^ Enmex maximus in, 36 ;
Floras of, 71, 160 ; Rumex mari-
timus, var. Warrenii in, 161 ; Cal-
litriche obtusangula iu, 307

Symplocos decora, 368

Taraxacum salsugineum, 223

Tortula inclinata as British (t. 139),
1; Binuosli in Oxfordshire, 112;
in Warwickshire, 169 ; on the
Aloina section of the genus, 189;
brevirostris in Derbyshire, 139

Trichomanes pyxidiferum, 379

Trichopilia, Morren's enumeration of,
190

Trimen, H., on the Great Water-
dock of England (t 140), 33 ; on
a Rumex from the South of Eng-
land (t 146), 161 ; Botanical Bib-
liography of the British Counties,
66, 108, 165, 178, 233; on Rumex
Caldeirarum, 204 ; on Middlesex
Plants, 247 ; Rumex Hydropathum
andR. maximus. td. ; onAnthoxan-
thum Puelii. 278 ; on Zinnichellia
with spiral fruits, 309 ; on plants of
N. Lancashire, 370

Trimen, R., on Abnormal Stapclisd,
185

Trisetum varegense, 223

Triticum littorale. 361 ; pungens. 357 ;
pycnanthum, 360

Tucker, R., on influence of soil on
plants, 11*2; on plants of Penzance,
370.

TulipesB, Baker's revision of, 29

Tuscany, additions to Flora of, 49

Urginea angolensis, 364 ;^ brevipes,

364; coromandelina, 5; mascaren-

ensis, 363
Utricularia nivea, 53; Indian species

of, 54 ; Tulgaris, germination of

seeds of, 318

Vatica Wallichii, 154
Vesque, M., on New species of Dip-
terocarpus, 149

Vibrissea Margarita. 95
Vicia monantha in Hants, 279
Vitis, a new Sikkim (V. spectabilis)
196

Wales, Tortula sinuosa in. 112 ;

Botanical Bibliography of, 156
Warming, E., on germination of

seeds of Utricularia vulgaris, 318
Warren, J. L., on Wolffia arrhiza ou

Barnes Common, 306; on Calli-

triche obtusangula in Sussex, 307 ;

on Triticum pun«:ens, 357
Warwickshire, Moss-floi-a o^ 18 ;

plants of, 112; Floras of, 155; Tor-
tula sinuosa in, 159
Water, movement of, in plants, 370
Watson*s, S., revision of N. Ameri-
can species of Lupinus, CEnothera,

and Potentilla, 1 26
Watt, D. A., on N. American species

of Cheilanthes, 47
Webb, P. B., notice of, 211
Wellington College Nat. Hist Sac,

Report of, 126
Welwitsch's NymphaBaceae. 126
Westmoreland, Floras of, 182
White, E. C, on Puccinia Malva-

cearum, 24
Wilkes* expedition, botany of, 882
Willis, Dr. John, on the Flora of the

environs of Bradford. 10
Willkomm and Lange's Prodromus

Florj© Higpanicae (review), 282
Wiltshire, Floras of, 70
Windsor's Flora Cravoniensis (review),

848
Wittrock, Prodromus Monographiu)

(Edogoniearum (review), 371
Wolffia arrhiza on Barnes Common,

306; at Weston, 371
Worcestershire, Mosses of, 22; Floras

of, 165

Yorkshire, Floras of, 180; Flora of
Bradford, 10 ; projected Flora of
We^t Riding. 63; Flora of the
Leeds and Bradford district, 78 ;
Flora of Yorkshire coalfield. 144 ;
Flora Cravoniensis (review), 348

Zannichellia with spiral fruits, 369

Rajjken and Co., Printers, Drury House, St. Marj -le-Strand, W.C.

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Tab, 139.

^

P.WBurbidgo del.

Tortula mclmala. Hook & G^g^dbyi^OOg

GooqI(P'^^^^'

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T^-U Ml

D.Blair del etUtb. ]ifi&teni firos- imp .

Fig. 1—3. Heritiera acuminata, TJ^lZZ^. 4—6. H, dubia.^l^&^.

7. H. macrophylla , WaZb. Digitized by V^OOglC

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Tab. 142

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Tab. 143.

mr

rimf

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^~P r^r- ^ -n-TM t o

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Tab. 144.

Dipterocarpus.

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Dipterocarpui":

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Tab, 146.

R. Steini,5ecfe.

I

l).maar del ei hth.

Mntem'Bros inip

^Rmnex inaritimus,Z. Farma (liybrida[^g)[iz^^ft^3giOQl€

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Tai. 147.

D. Blair lith.

1-3
4-6.

Mihtern 3to s . imp .

Cratseva iinilocularis, Houn.

C. lophosperma, iSLj^gitizedbyCnOOgle

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Tab. 14B.

3D . Blair, lilh . Minteni* Eros .imp .

1 — 5 . Cratseva Koxtupgliii^i^.Sr.

6-7. C. hygrophila; IGxrz .

8-10. C. macro csurpa. Karz. i

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'.^'S.

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Tab. 149.

D Blair ad nat lith.

1" 10. DicranuTri flagellaro, He^.
11^17 D. Scottianum, Turrv.

Mintem Bros ,

imp.

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3.

Tab 150.

5.

••t

jS^

J.li^.Crombie del. Blair Hth.

Mintem Bros imp .

Ptychographa xylographoides,7\5^Z'.

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Tab. 151.

H.Graf. Sdbns. Laubach dd. Blair lith. Ivfintem Bros . imp

Seeds of P^aiHesiaceae and HydncBtguge^yLnOOQlC

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Tab 152 .

13.

A

H. Graf. SdmB. Lauibach del. Blair lith . Mntem Bros . in^ .

Seeds of Rafflesiacece and Hydnorace^. ,

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Tib. lb::

J.Romy. deL W Gr.Smith.lith "ftnccnt'BrooksDa.yiSaiilap.

Ascobolus (Ascozonus) "Woohopensis Ba^Br.

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Tab. 154.

J.Reniiy,dd.WG.Simtli,litli . Mnc6ntBroQksDayiSoa,]fflp.

L5. Ascobolus (Ascozonus)' Leveillei Renny.
4_10. Ascobolus (Ascozonus) Crouani. Renny.

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Tib. 155.

J Kenny del. W. O.Smitli.litli. ISaeentBrooksDayd ScmJinp.

■ 1.2. 3.4. AscoLolus (Ascozonus.) cunicularius. Rennj.
4.5 6.7. Asco-bolus (Ascozotius) subhirta. Renny.

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Taib.lSB.

1

J-Henny del. "W. G. SmUh.lith. '\ftaceaitBrook8Day&Soii;iiiip .

L5. Ascobolus (Ascozonus) parvispora. Rennv.
6 JO. DevelopemeTit of the Ascus & Sporidia, in Ascotolus.

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