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LIBBABY OF TH£ GBAY HEBBABIUM
Vj2 harvard university.
IV - 2 BOUGHT.
I
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;.-
Journal
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Volume XIII, 1912
Published by the aid of the
David Lydig Fund
Bequeathed by Charles P. Daly
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JOURNAL
OP
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
FRED J. SEAVER
Curator
Volume XIII
With 24 Plates and i Figure
1912
Published for the Garden
At 41 North Qubbn Stkbbt, LAMCASTBm, Pa
BT ThB NBW EbA PBIffTING COMPANY
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PPES5 OF
The New era printing com»anv
Lancaster. Pa.
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Okkicers 1912.
President— HON. ADDISON BROWN.
Vice-President— ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Treasurer— JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Secretary— DR. N. L. BRITTON.
BOJH.R£> OK NlANAOERS.
1. ELECTED MANAGERS.
Term expires January. 1913.
THOMAS H. HUBBARD. J. PJERFONT MORGAN.
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON. GEORGE W. PERKINS.
MYLES TIERNEY.
Tern expires January, 1914.
EDWARD D. ADAMS. ROBERT W. de FOREST.
ADDISON BROWN. JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Term expires January. 1915.
N. L. BRITTON. JOHN I. KANE.
ANDREW CARNEGIE, W. J. MATHESON.
W. OILMAN THOMPSON.
2. EX-OFFICIO IMANAQERS.
The President op the Department of Public Parks.
HON. CHARLES B. STOVER.
The Mayor op the City op New York.
HON. WILLIAM J. GAYNOR.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
PROF. H. H. RUSBY, Chairman.
PROF. EDWARD S. BURGESS, PROF. R. A. HARPER,
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF. JAMES F. KEMP.
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES. PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE,
HON. E. L. WINTHROP. Jr.
Gardedn Starr.
DR. N. L. BRITTON. Director-in-Chief. (Development, Administration.)
DR. W. A. MURRILL, ^Assistant Director. (Administration.)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums. (Flowering Planto.)
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator, (Flowering Plants.)
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator. (Flowcrless Plants.)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator. (Flowerless Plants.)
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Curator. (Fossil Plants.)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS. Administrative Assistant.
PERCY WILSON. Assistant Curator.
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener.
DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART. Librarian.
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections.
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses.
DR. WILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist.
COL. F. A. SCHILLING. Museum Custodian.
JOHN R. BRINLEY. Landscape Engineer.
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant.
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds.
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Aembers of tbe Cotporatton*
Edwaio D. Adams,
John D. Arcbbold,
Gbobgb p. Baksb,
EUGBNB p. BiCKMBLL,
Gbokgb S. Bowdoim,
Pbop. N. L. Bbitton,
fioK. Addison Bbown,
Pbop. Edw. S. Bubgbss,
Dk. Nicholas M. Butlbb,
Anduw Cainbgib,
Pbop. C F. Chandlbb,
WiLUAM G. Choatb.
Paul D. Cravath,
Clbvbland H. Dodgb.
A. F. ESTABBOOK.
H. C Fahnbstock,
tSamubl W. Faibchild,
James B. Fobd,
tHsNBY W. db Forest,
Hobebt W. db Forest,
Prof. W. J. Gibs,
Pbop. R. A. Habpbb,
Edward S. Harxnbss,
A. Heckscher,
Henby R. Hoyt,
Thos. H. Hubbard,
Adrian Isblin, Jr.,
Waltbb B. Jennings,
John L Kane,
EuGBNB Kelly, Jr.,
Prop. Jambs F. Kemp,
Edw. V. Z. Lane,
Pbop. Fbbdebic S. Lbb,
Hon. Sbth Low,
David Lydig,
Edgar L. Marston,
W. J. Matheson,
Ogden Mills,
J. PiERPONT Morgan,
Theodore W. Mybbs,
Fbbderic R. Newbold,
Pbop. Henby F. Osbobm,
Lowell M. Palmeb,
George W. Perkins,
Henby Phipps,
James R. Pitcher,
M. F. Plant,
John D. Rockepelleb,
William Rockepelleb,
Prop. H. H. Rusby,
Db. Reginald H. Saybb,
Jacob H. Schipp,
Mortimer L. Schipp,
James A. Scrymseb,
Isaac N. Seligman,
Henry a. Siebrecht,
William D. Sloane,
Nelson Smith,
James Speyeb,
Francis L. Stetson,
Charles G. Thompson,
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson,
Samuel Thorne,
Myles Tierney,
Louis C Tippany,
George W. Vandbrbilt,
W. K. Vandbrbilt,
Hon. Egbrton L. Winthbop» Tb.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. 145. January
CcUecting Fungi on the Pacific Coast r
Conference Notes 14
Notes, News and Comment 15
Accessions 19-
No. 146. February
Charles Finney Cox 21
Botanical Exploration in Cuba 23
The Flowering of the Jamaica Candle-Wood Tree 25
Conference Notes 27
Publications of the Sta£f, Scholars and Students of the New York Botanical
Garden during the Year 1911 28
Notes, News and Comment 35
Accessions 37
No. 147. March
The Letchworth Park Arboretum 39
The Chestnut Canker Convention 41
Conference Notes 44
Notes, News and Comment 45
Accessions 48
No. 148. April
Some Features of the Dismal Swamp of Virginia S3
The Succulent Plant Collections 56
Conference Notes 58
Spring Lectures, 1912 60
Notes, News and Comment 60
Accessions 64
No. 149. May
Wild Plants Needing Protection — i. ** Jack in the Pulpit " (i4mtf^ma /rt/>/iyZ-
lum (L.) Torr.) 67
Thoughtless Destruction of Jack in the Pulpit 68
Further Botanical Exploration in Cuba 69
William Bayard Cutting 77
The Banana House 78
Conference Notes 80
Notes, News and Comment 83
Accessions 85
No. 150. June
Wild Plants Needing Protection — 2. "Spring Beauty " (ClaytoniavirginicaL.) 91
Botanical Exploration in Oriente, Cuba 92
vii
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viii CONTENTS
Jacquin's Selectarum Stirpium Historia Iconibus Pictis 99
Spring and Summer Flower Shows 100
Summer Lectures, 1912 104
Notes, News and Comment 105
Accessions 108
No. 151. July
Wild Plants Needing Protection — 3. "Wild Pink" {Silent caroliniana Walt.). 109
Winter- Killing of Evergreens no
Notes, News and Comment 120
Accessions 121
No. 152. August
Wild Plants Needing Protection — 4. "Wild Columbine" {AquUegia cana-
densis L.) 123
Development of the Path System of the Garden 124
A Fungous Infection of the Ear 126
The Kaffir Orange 127
Autumn Lectures, 1912 128
Notes, News and Comment 129
Accessions 131
No. 153. September
Wild Plants Needing Protection— 5. ** Bird's-Foot Violet" {Viola pedata L,) 135
Botanical Exploration in Pinar del Rio, Cuba 136
The McClatchie Herbarium 147
Lawns Ruined by White Grubs 149
Notes, News and Comment 150
Accessions 152
No. 154. October
The Leopard-Moth 155
Botanizing in Yellowstone Park 160
Notes, News and Comment 163
Accessions 165
No. 155. November
Botanical Explorations in Santa Clara and Oriente 169
Chinese Tea Paintings Given to the Museum 172
Collecting Fungi in the Adirondacks 174
Flower Exhibitions 179
Late Autumn Lectures, 1912 181
Notes, News and Comment 182
Accessions 183
No. 156. December
Botanical Exploration in Bermuda 189
Conference Notes 194
Nature-Study Lectures to Public School Children 196
Notes, News and Comment 196
Accessions 197
Index 200
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T 1912
Vol. Xtlt
JANUARY, 1912
No. 145
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
FRED J SEAVER
Curator
CONTENTS
rAGc
CoIIeetiog Fuagl on the Pacific Co^st i
Conference Notes ...,.»,.. £4
Notes, News and CoouneDt , * 15
Accession* • - • ... * 19
Published for the Garden
At 4] NoKTK QvKCH Stvmt, Lakcastvc, Fik.
BT TkI NKW EkA PKIimKO COMP4WT
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PRMSSHEHT^HON, ADDISON BROWN,
Vics-PftESiDEUT— ANDREW CARNEGIE,
Treasuieb— CHARLES F, COX,
Seciktajrv— DR. N. L, BRIXTON,
HOA.RO OF* XlANAOERS-
1* CLCCT£D MANAGERS.
Tern «<plr«« Janyary. 11^11.
THOMAS H. HUBBARD. J, PIERPONT MORGAN.
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON, GEORGE W. PERKINS,
MYLES TIERNEY.
TeriD szpirei Jaititttry* 1914«
ADDISON BROWN. ROBERT W. de FOREST.
W, BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
TifB expires January » I9J5.
N. L. BRITTON, JOHN I, KANE,
ANDREW CARNEGIE. W. J. MATHESON,
W, GILMAN THOMPSON.
1. CX-OFriCIO MANAGERS.
The Peesident of the Departuent of Public Parks,
HON. CHARLES B. STOVER.
The Mayor of the City of New York,
HON. WILLIAM J. GAYNOR.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
PROF. H. H. RUSBY. Chairman,
PROF. EDWARD S. BURGESS, PROF. R. A. HARPER,
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROE JAMES F. KEMP,
CHARLES F. COX, PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE,
PROF, WILLIAM J. GIES. HON. E. L. WINTHROP, Jr.
DR. N. U BRITTDN, Directtfr-in-Chief,
DR. W. A. MURRILL. As^tant Director.
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curalor of the Museumi,
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator.
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator,
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Curat&r.
FRED J. SEAVER, Curator.
ROBERT S, WILLTAMS. AdminUtrative Asiistani,
PERCY WILSON, Assistant Curator; Docent,
GEORGE V. NASH. Head Gardener,
A, B. STOVT, Director of the LaboratoHes,
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Librarian.
DR, H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections.
DR. WILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting ChemisL
COU F, A, SCHILLING, Museum Custodian,
JOHN R. BRINLEV, Landscape Engineer,
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant,
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent,
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JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vol. XIII January, 1912. No. 145.
COLLECTING FUNGI ON THE PACIFIC COAST.
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: Following your instructions to explore the Pacific Coast
at several points in search of the larger fungi, I left New York
October 13, accompanied by Mrs. Murrill, and went first to
Seattle, Washington, where we made our headquarters for two
weeks, and later proceeded down the coast with the approach of
wintry weather.
The only stop made on the way to Seattle was at Chicago,
where I visited the Field Museum of Natural History and
delivered a public lecture on edible and poisonous fungi.
From the car windows, a general idea of the botanical features
of the country was obtained, with the gradual change to new
floral elements as new regions were entered. In Minnesota and
North Dakota, immense fields of black prairie soil were becoming
tinged with green by the sprouting wheat, and the last of the
threshing was in progress. Trees were scarce, occurring in
widely scattered groves consisting chiefly of oaks, birches, and
poplars. Crossing the Canadian boundary into Saskatchewan,
similar conditions of soil prevailed, but most of the wheat was
still in the shock, and trees were rarely seen. Beyond Moose
Jaw, much of the country is barren and hilly with scattered
dumps of shrubs, resembling moorland, and is suitable only for
grazing. All the lumber used throughout this region for building
and railway purposes is brought from the Canadian Rockies.
Posts and telephone poles are made of western white cedar.
On the morning of the fourth day from New York, the moun-
1
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tains were reached, and twenty-four hours were required to
cross the two systems between Calgary and the coast. The
scenery of this region is remarkably fine and strongly contrasted
with the boundless stretches of prairie previously traversed. A
complete change also takes place in the flora: splendid coniferous
forests clothe the flanks of the snow-capped mountains, while
aspens, alders, and willows mingle with firs and pines in the
valleys. Extensive ranches with great herds of cattle, horses,
and sheep; mines of various kinds; and large lumber camps and
sawmills are passed in quick succession. At Banff, the Canadian
Government has made one of the largest park reservations in the
world, containing nearly 6,000 square miles of territory. Laggan,
at 5,000 ft. elevation, is a small station with a few log bungalows,
dense forests of firs and pines, and superb scenery. This place
and Glacier, in the Selkirks, appear to be choice localities for
collecting fungi in the summer. The summit of the Rockies
is reached at Stephen, 300 ft. higher than Laggan, where the
''great divide*' occurs. A descent of 1,000 ft. is quickly made
to Field, where watches are set to Pacific time, and nearly
another thousand feet brings one to Palliser, named for one of
the first expeditions to explore the Rockies, in 1858.
Golden is at the foot of the Rockies, and across the Columbia
River to the west rise the heavily forested Selkirks still to be
crossed. Among the somber-hued conifers, scattered poplars
stand out vividly in their yellow autumn coloring, and birches
reappear below 3,000 feet. Several new trees, some of them
belonging to the Pacific Coast, make their appearance here.
Early on the morning of the fifth day, the valley of the Eraser
River was reached, at slight elevation above sea-level, and we
entered the rich grazing and lumbering region that continues
all the way to Seattle, where we arrived in the middle of the
afternoon.
Seattle, with a population of 300,000, is one of the most pro-
gressive and promising cities of the West. The climate is mild
and humid, adapted to a luxuriant vegetation; the soil is glacial
drift, through which streams easily wear deep gorges in which
great trees grow and shelter myriads of smaller plants. Some
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of the finest of these gorges are included in the system of public
parks; the botanist need not leave the city limits to find splen-
did collecting ground. Although bear, deer, grouse, wild geese,
pheasants, gophers, etc., abound, there are no noxious reptiles
or insects to disturb the collector. Beyond the city lie immense
primeval forests of great beauty, containing giant red firs and
white cedars over a thousand years old and from six to fourteen
feet in diameter, pine and spruce in abundance, some hemlock,
and scattered trees or clumps of oak, maple, alder, willow, and
cascara. All of these trees are different from our eastern species.
The red fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia^ is the principal timber
tree; the white cedar. Thuya plicata, is extensively used for
shingles and posts, the heartwood containing an oil which resists
decay; the large-leaved maple, Acer macrophyllum, is planted
on the streets for shade throughout much of the Pacific Coast
region, and the trunks often develop cancerous swellings which
supply a fine ''curly maple" for furniture; the single species of
oak is usually so knotty and misshapen that its chief use is for
firewood; "Cascara Sagrada," Rhamnus Purshiana^ furnishes
the well-known medicinal bark of commerce.
The University of Washington, situated in the suburbs of
Seattle on the shore of Lake Washington, is unexcelled for loca-
tion, the campus being one of the finest in the world. Several
of the permanent buildings and many of the exhibits used in
the exposition of 1909 were afterwards turned over to the uni-
versity, the forestry and ethnology exhibits being particularly
good.
We established ourselves at the University Inn, within a
short distance of the botanical laboratories, and made excur-
sions into Woodland Park, Ravenna Park, the forest north of
Ballard, the shores of Green Lake and Lake Washington, a
peat bog, and other localities that offered good opportunities
for collecting fungi. These excursions were planned by Pro-
fessor T. C. Frye, head of the botanical department, who very
kindly placed at our disposal all necessary facilities. He also
arranged to have Mr. S. M. Zeller, a graduate student in his
department and an excellent collector, accompany me on many
of these excursions.
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The number of fungi secured was far greater than I had antic-
ipated. The season was exceptionally good and the weather
unusually favorable both for collecting and preparing the speci-
mens. Four boxes, containing 732 field numbers, or about
2,000 specimens, accompanied by descriptive notes, were sent
to New York at the end of two weeks* stay in Seattle. It is
estimated that over 100 species new to science are represented
in this collection.
On October 26, a visit was made to Tacoma Prairies, about
fifty miles south of Seattle. During the forenoon, the shores
of a lake to the north of the prairie proper were explored and
similar conditions to those at Seattle were encountered, although
a number of species new to our collection were obtained. Here
in the forest of Abies grandis, fine specimens of Fomes Laricis,
2l medicinal polypore rare in America, were found on fallen
trunks; also a remarkable '*fairy ring** one hundred feet in
circumference formed by seventy-seven sporophores of a species
of Tricholoma, some of them six inches in diameter.
The prairies are formed by a terminal moraine of consider-
able extent, the soil of which is so sterile that very little cover
is found upon it. A short, slender grass, a resurrection moss, a
pretty violet, one or two hawkweeds, and clumps of young
Abies grandis just arriving after so long a time from the adjacent
forest, with scattered specimens of Pinus contorta, constitute the
chief vegetation in the autumn season. A single species of
gill-fungus and a few puffballs grew in the open on these prairies,
but a number of species, many of them similar to those of the
pine barrens and peat bogs about Seattle, were found in the
shade of the clumps of young fir trees.
The pleasure of the Tacoma trip was much enhanced by the
splendid views obtained of Mt. Rainier, whose giant, snow-
capped cone rises to the height of 14,500 feet above the coastal
plains.
On Friday, November 3, we left Seattle for Salem, Oregon,
arriving at 10 P.M. It had been our intention to do some col-
lecting in the vicinity of Salem with Professor Morton E. Peck,
of Willamette University, but we found by conference with him
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Journal of the Nrw York Botanical Garden.
Plate LXXXVII.
THE WILLAMETTE RIVER, OREGON.
LIFE-SAVING STATION, WITH SCRUB PINES, NEWPORT. OREGON.
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that instead of three or four inches of rain, the usual quantity
for October, there had been only one-half an inch; so we pro-
ceeded next day to Corvallis and established ourselves near
the new Agricultural Hall of the Oregon State College, within
easy reach by three separate railway lines of the western slopes
of the Cascades, the Coast Range, the intervening valleys, and
the immediate coast. Some of the most promising localities
were selected for us by Professor H. S. Jackson and these were
visited in order. The weather, which had been rather dry for
fungi, became stormy upon our arrival, and every day was more
or less rainy. Periods of low temperature after the rains ap-
peared interfered considerably with the development of gill-
fungi, but by visiting sheltered places a very good representa-
tion of species was obtained.
On Monday, November 6, several hours were spent in explor-
ing a dense fir forest south of Corvallis, which contained scattered
specimens of oak, willow, and maple. A majority of the fungi
found were similar to those at Seattle, but a considerable number
were different; also, several eastern species were collected here
that had not been seen in Washington. PaxUlus involutus
reached a foot or more in diameter; Hygrophorus eburneus,
Boletus luteuSy and Lactaria deliciosawere very abundant ; Hydnum
Auriscalpium occurred commonly on the fir cones; Amani-
topsis vaginaUiy Craterellus cornucopioides , Marasmius siccus,
Russula nigricans, Tyromyces chioneus, and Armillaria albo-
lanaripes were found once or twice.
The following day, November 7, was spent at Glen Brook,
twent>'-three miles south of Corvallis, one of the terminals of
the Corvallis and Alsea River Railway. The speed of the
lumber train was six miles an hour, affording ample oppor-
tunity to make observations along the way. This entire valley
of the Willamette River was formerly a lake and even yet is
flooded during a portion of the winter, when wild geese frequent
it in large numbers. The abundance of wheat stubble and
clover also proves very agreeable to the handsome Chinese
pheasant which has multiplied greatly in this valley since its
introduction in 1877. The hills were covered with gnarled and
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6
twisted oaks, Quercus Garryana^ which supported great quanti.
ties of mistletoe and a long gray lichen similar to the Spanish
moss of tropical America. This lichen, a species of Alectoria,
is very abundant on trees of all kinds on the Pacific Coast.
In the old fir forests at Glen Brook, from 400 to 1,000 feet
elevation, there was splendid collecting, and I traveled a linear
distance of about ten miles on foot before the train was ready to
return. Mr. Carter, the owner of much of this woodland and
the promoter of the railway, showed me every courtesy, and while
the sparks from the fir in the fire-box of the engine lighted the
sky like myriads of fireflies, he gave me an account of handling red
fir and white cedar logs twelve feet thick with donkey engines.
Indeed, some of the logs on our train were so large that it was
deemed dangerous to pass the bridge near Corvallis in the dark,
so we left the train there and walked into town.
All of the next day was required in working up the Glen Brook
collection and getting the specimens to drying. On account of the
rains, artificial heat had to be used for all the Oregon collections.
A room with a large sheet-iron stove was devoted to this purpose,
and over the stove were suspended parallel frames of wire netting,
on which the specimens were spread. When completely dried,
they were wrapped in newspaper with the accompanying field
notes and descriptions and laid away in drawers until the time
for packing and shipping arrived, when they were sent by express
to New York to be put into boxes with naphthalene flake and
kept in a dry place until my return. If not shipped promptly,
there is danger of moulding, of insect attack, and of injury from
frequent handling. Colored sketches, made by Mrs. Murrill,
were numbered to correspond with the specimens and retained
for comparison with later novelties.
On November 9, before daybreak, I left for a day's collecting
at Mill City, on the western foothills of the Cascades fifty miles
eaist of Corvallis, where there are large sawmills and virgin
forests of red fir and other conifers. The yellow fir forests
begin at Granite Mountain, a few miles farther on, but a snow-
storm had visited this region and rendered collecting difficult if
not impossible.
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On arriving at Mill City, I first climbed to 1,200 feet, north of
the town, and spent the forenoon among the ancient red firs that
afforded a partial shelter from the snowstorm that continued
without intermission all day. The fungous flora here was not
extensive, owing to the cold, but was quite different from that
of the Willamette Valley. A large and handsome new species
of polypore was found growing on a rich bank beneath one of
these old firs.
The low, dense forests along the river were visited in the after-
noon and many specimens secured, the majority of them similar
to those found at Glen Brook. The next day was devoted to
these collections. An excursion with Professor Jackson was
arranged for Saturday, bjut an unusually heavy snow and a cold
wave interfered, followed by a cold rain lasting all day Sunday.
On Monday, November 13, I crossed the Willamette River
east of Corvallis and explored the low mixed forest in the river
bottoms, giving attention chiefly to the dead logs and branches
left by the lumbermen. On the under side of these logs, where
the cold had not penetrated, a number of interesting timber-
destroying species occurred. A second visit was also made to
Hyatt's woods, south of town, where a few additional species
had appeared since the heavy rains began.
On the afternoon of November 13, I boarded the daily train
for Newport, situated on the coast at the mouth of Yaquina Bay
seventy-five miles west of Corvallis. For some distance, the
railway crosses the prairie valley of the Willamette and then
begins the ascent of the Coast Range, following the windings of
a rapid mountain stream. All of the timber between Corvallis
and the coast near the railway has been burned off in the past
and there seems little chance to collect except in some of the
small wooded flats along this stream. Just before reaching Sum-
mit, the conditions seem fair. Again, at Elk City, beyond the
Coast Range, another stream joins the one the railway follows
and this flows through good timber several miles above Elk City.
At Yaquina, passengers for Newport cross the bay in a small
steamer, arriving about 6 o'clock at the little seaside resort built
along the bay front and protected from the ocean winds by steep
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8
sandstone hills on the north and northwest. There is a good
hotel and good beaches, which attract a number of transient
visitors during the summer. Also, a good many persons own
cottages along the bay and ocean front.
On the next morning, November 14, I braved the storm that
had raged for two days and explored the pine barrens covering
the sandy headland lying back of the life-saving station. This
proved to be an exceedingly interesting region, yielding many
novelties. I was much impressed with the ability of fleshy fungi
to thrive in almost pure sand. Here under the pines I found
numbers of specimens of the brilliant orange-red form of Amanit<i
tnuscaria, which I was to see later in California. Rostkovites
granulatuSy one of the edible boleti, also occurred here in great
abundance.
After the turn of the tide, I went eastward from Newport
alpng the beach a few miles and turned into a lumber trail up a
small stream, where the usual virgin forest conditions prevailed
and the fungous flora was more like that in the Willamette
Valley. The day*s collections, which were large and important,
were so saturated with water that they had to be spread out in a
steam-heated room over night to reduce them to a normal con-
dition and prevent many of them from collapsing completely.
During the return journey to Corvallis next morning, I was
able to complete the descriptions and have the specimens ready
for the much-needed drying process.
Continued adverse weather conditions caused us to leave for
California a few days earlier than we had planned. The Oregon
collections, comprising nearly 400 field numbers, were shipped
direct to New York and we caught the midnight express at
Albany, November 16, bound for San Francisco.
The railway journey from Corvallis to San Francisco occupied
two days, our train being held up fourteen hours at Keswick by a
wreck. The Siskiyou Mountains, separating Oregon from Cali-
fornia, were crossed after a very steep climb up to 4,000 feet
from the fertile and beautiful Rogue River Valley. Soon after
leaving Ashland, we entered a forest of oaks so abundantly
covered with mistletoe that the trees appeared evergreen after
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Journal of the New York Botanical Garden.
Plate LXXXIX.
IN THE HEART OF MUIR WOODS.
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9
their leaves had fallen. The southeastern slope of the Siskiyou
range was clothed with a splendid forest of Pinus ponderosat
much resembling the forest of Montezuma pine west of Jalapa
in Mexico.
As we descended into the valley and crossed the line into
California, a very decided change took place in the climate and
the flora, owing to the small rainfall. Stunted, thorny shrubs,
and scattered trees (Libocedrtis decurrens) partly covered old lava
streams and volcanic hillocks. At Redding, cycads were growing
in the open and new trees of various kinds appeared, belonging
to a warmer and drier region. Several species of oaks, most of
them evergreen, took the place of the single species found in
Washington and Oregon. The large spherical live-oaks are left
in the fields for shade, as palms are in the tropics. At Vina, the
largest vineyard in the world, belonging to Stanford University,
is located. The vines are kept cut back to short stumps very
close to the ground, giving them a totally different appearance
from those of either northern or southern Europe. Eucalyptus
trees, so commonly planted in southern California, were first
seen at Marysville, not far from Sacramento. Extensive or-
chards, hop-fields, cattle ranches, and wheat-fields dotted the
valley in this region, and the entire country as far as the eye
could reach seemed a fertile and promising one.
The first excursion for fungi after reaching San Francisco was
made to Golden Gate Park, a large and handsome public planta-
tion overlooking both the city and the ocean. The season, how-
ever, was unusually dry and very few specimens were found, most
of these being gathered among the tree-ferns in a shaded ravine-
During a period of rainy weather, the extensive wooded areas
of this park should yield a rich harvest of fungi.
On Monday, November 20, we visited the University of
California and made arrangements through Professor Setchell
and Mrs. Brandegee to examine the Harkness* types of fungi
placed in storage by the California Academy of Sciences after
the loss of their building during the great earthquake. These
types are in envelopes within pasteboard boxes and are in good
condition. The Academy is preparing to erect a handsome
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10
new building in Golden Gate Park in time for the Panama
Exposition.
November 22 was devoted to an excursion to Muir Woods,
the most famous collecting ground in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco. From Mill Valley, charmingly located among hills and
redwood groves and easily reached by ferry and electric train,
the steep ascent of Mt. Tamalpais is easily negotiated in a train
of special construction and the descent to Muir Woods is made
by a gravity car. This whole region, including the mountain
with its stunted shrubs and herbs, and the deep gorges in its
flanks filled with immense redwoods {Sequoia sempervirens) and
ferns, is of intense botanical interest.
Muir Woods is one of the few extensive tracts of virgin redwood
forest now in existence. In 1908, the 295 acres comprised in this
tract were given to the National Government by Mr. Kent and
dedicated in honor of John Muir, the celebrated geologist. The
largest trees, reaching 14 feet in diameter and 300 feet in height,
stand on the floor of the canon along the banks of a small stream.
A few other trees, such as fir, alder, maple, and tan-bark oak,
grow sparingly in the twilight between the towering redwood
trunks. Muir Inn, situated on a promontory between two
branches of the main canon, is an excellent base for explorations
in this vicinity. The best season for collecting fungi is usually
during January and February; the best for flowers is probably
in April.
On November 23, I went to Santa Rosa to see Mr. Burbank
and his experimental grounds. After devoting several hours of
his valuable time to my instruction and entertainment among
the long hedgerows of spineless cacti and other interesting and
important products of his genius, Mr. Burbank graciously re-
marked: ''Most people take my time; a few give me theirs.
You are of the latter class.*' One experimental plot of several
acres surrounds the old homestead in the edge of the town; the
other, which is much larger, is at Sebastapol seven miles away.
Mr. Burbank is recognized as the greatest ** selecter " of variations
in plants, especially in young plants; there is no limit to his
patience or devotion where a beneficial variety is concerned ; he
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works with millions of seeds and thousands of seedlings in many
plant families and from all parts of the world, and the climate
of Santa Rosa is peculiarly favorable for plant growth and
development. He has the power from long experience to judge
plants at a very early stage, and he has also developed methods
of forcing them quickly into fruit. An old apple tree stands in
his grounds, which has been forced to mother as many as 600 tiny
seedlings at one time in order to induce them to fruit in* a year
or two instead of requiring five to ten years. In this and many
other ways, time and space are saved and quick results are
obtained.
On the way to Santa Rosa, the town of San Rafael was passed,
in the vicinity of which Moore collected practically all of the
gill-fungi recorded in Harkness and Moore's list of Pacific Coast
fungi.
On Friday, November 24, we left San Francisco for Palo Alto,
the seat of Stanford University, and arranged for a collecting
trip the next day with Professor L. S. Abrams in the Santa Cruz
Mountains. Starting early, we drove to Preston's Ravine, at
the foot of the mountains, where nearly a hundred numbers were
found; then crossed over the range at an elevation of 2,000 feet
and descended the western slope to La Honda, eighteen miles
from Stanford, where we collected quite a number of interesting
fungi in the moist redwood forest, and returned between seven
and eight o'clock in the evening.
Palo Alto is a model town and Stanford University one of the
most attractive institutions of its kind. The handsome buildings
are all constructed according to a definite plan, and a considerable
part of the campus of 8,000 acres is laid out in walks and drive-
ways shaded with a variety of palms and bordered by groves of
eucalyptus, live-oak, madronio, and various conifers and other
evergreen trees. There are at present about 1,800 students at
Stanford, 500 of whom are women. The institution is planned
to accommodate not over 2,000, and it was decreed by the founder
that not more than one fourth of these should be women, for
the reason that an education under such favorable conditions
and circumstances was deemed more necessary and more useful
to men.
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12
Nearly two days were required to properly describe and care
for the collections made at Preston's Ravine and La Honda.
Sk>me time also was devoted to the examination of specimens
in the herbarium of the university. On the afternoon of Novem-
ber 28, I lectured before the professors and students of the
botanical department on the subject of poisonous and edible
fungi. Professor Abrams entertained us at his home the same
evening. The following day, the final shipment of specimens
was made and we left for Los Angeles and Pasadena, arriving
at the latter place in time to enjoy Thanksgiving dinner with
Mr. Daniel Wilson.
Pasadena is blessed with a superb climate, and is the winter
homp of one hundred and twenty-five millionaires. The houses
are scattered over the low hills at the foot of Mt. Lowe and Mt.
Wilson, the street borders and large yards being filled with
pepper-trees, palms, climbing roses, orange-trees, and a great
\ariety of subtropical decorative plants. McClatchie, the my-
cologist, lived here and made the largest existing collection of
the mosses and fungi of southern California.
On the morning of December i, I left Pasadena on the "Cali-
fornia Limited'* for New York, passing quickly from the great,
fertile San Bernardino Valley up to the sterile tableland sparsely
clothed with yucca and sage-brush, and on through the boundless
desert to the region of the Grand Canon and the Petrified Forest,
where huge trees of past ages lie embalmed in agate, thence
through thickets of dwarf red cedar and pinon for hour after
hour, across the continental divide, past the pueblos of various
Indian tribes, over Raton Pass at an elevation of nearly 8,000
feet, and down to the broad cultivated prairies again, with their
wheat, corn, cattle, yucca, cottonwoods, jack-rabbits, and prairie-
dog villages, until the Mississippi was reached at St. Louis.
The journey was broken here to visit the Missouri Botanical
Garden and Washington University. The crowded collections
of tender plants at the garden are to be housed next winter in a
splendid new glasshouse 300 feet long and 60 feet high at the
central dome, about equal in size to the famous Palm House at
Kew Gardens. The library is one of the best in the country,
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13
and both it and the extensive herbarium have been largely
transferred to steel cases in a strictly fireproof building. The
fungi collected on the Harriman Alaskan Expedition, some of
which occur also in Washington, are to be found here.
Professor W. Trelease, the director, received me cordially and
devoted most of the day to my instruction, entertaining me at
his home in the evening. Professor G. T. Moore piloted me over
the University, which is rapidly expanding in equipment and
scope, and we lunched together at the University Club. After
dinner, I attended the meeting of the St. Louis Academy of
Sciences, an old and famous organization, of which the botanist
F2ngelmann was the first president, and Eads, the architect of
the great bridge over the Mississippi, one of the charter members.
Leaving St. Louis Monday night, I arrived in New York early
Wednesday morning, December 6, and found that all my collec-
tions had arrived in excellent condition. For convenience of
reference, a list of these, with localities and numbers, is given
l>elow.
Collections on the Pacific Coast.
SeatUe. Washington October 2a-November i Nos. i- 732
Tacoma. Washington October 26 ....
Tacoma Prairies, Washington October 26
Glen Brook, Oregon November 7 " 733- 792
Mill City, Oregon November 9 " 793" 879
Corvallis, Oregon November 6-1 1 . . . . '* 880-1025
Newport, Oregon November 13 " 1026-1099
Golden Gate Park, California November 21 ** 1 100-1124
Muir Woods, California November 22 " 1125-1158
Preston's Ravine, California November 25 " 1159-1241
La Honda. California November 25 " 1 242-1305
It is estimated that this collection of fungi comprises about
3,700 specimens, and is easily the largest, most comprehensive,
and best ever made on the Pacific Coast. When it has been
worked over and compared with other collections from the same
region, our knowledge of the fungous flora of that vast and
intensely interesting land lying west of the Cascade Mountains
will be much increased.
Aside from the interesting botanical features of the Pacific
Coast, the botanical explorer cannot fail to be impressed with the
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14
vastness of things — ranches, orchards, vineyards, forests, lands
to be tenanted, deserts to be reclaimed, mines to be worked — and
with the big-hearted, patriotic, unshackled, enterprising, hopeful
men and women who are pushing this sect'on to the front. The
enthusiasm everywhere shown in preparation for the coming
Panama Exposition is only an illustration of the human energy
that is actively asserting itself from one end of the Coast to the
other.
Respectfully submitted,
W. A. MURRILL,
Assistant Director.
CONFERENCE NOTES.
The conference of the scientific staff and students was held
in the main laboratory on December 4. The first paper, by
Mr. William R. Maxon, of the U. S. National Museum, was
entitled ** Notes on the Tree Ferns of North America." The
speaker enumerated the main features regarded as important
in the major classification of the Cyatheaceae, and particularly
of the tribe Cyatheae which is usually regarded as embracing
three genera, Cyathea^ Alsophila and Hemitelia, separated mainly
upon characters of the indusium. Jenman and, more recently,
Copeland have argued against maintaining these genera, the
latter author reducing all to the single genus Cyathea^ with
several subgenera. The justification of this treatment was
discussed at some length and the need suggested of a thorough
revision of the group upon characters of minute morphology
other than those of the indusium.
Mr. Maxon also reviewed a recent paper* describing a peculiar
new fern from Panama, Polypodium podocarpum, a subpinnate
species in which the sori are essentially apical upon special lobes
of the pinnae and the apices of the fronds and of the pinnae are
of indefinite evolution. The pinnae are produced frequently
to a remarkable length, especially by injury to other parts of
♦ Maxon, William R. A remarkable new fern from Panama. (Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. 56, part 24. Pp. 1-5, pis. 1-3. November 22,
1911.)
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15
the frond. Several other examples of indeterminate apical
growth in Polypodium were given and specimens of these shown.
The topic *'A Subgenus of Viitaria,'' was presented by Dr.
R. C. Benedict as follows: Vittaria J. E. Smith is a genus of
perhaps forty species of tropical ferns, nearly all of which have
leaves of grass-like outline. Its classification is, therefore, more
difficult than in the case of most fern genera, and is indeed much
the same problem as would be offered by a genus of grasses if
no flowers and fruits were available. The differentiation of the
species demands a careful study of the microscopic characters
of the spores, paraphyses, and scales, and a study by cross-
sections, of the arrangement of the vascular tissues in stem and
leaf, and of the position in which the sporangia are borne. By
using these methods of study, it has been found possible to deter-
mine specific limits accurately.
The paper presented at the conference was concerned with
one subgenus of Vittaria, Radiovittaria including seven species,
the characters of which have been sufficiently determined for
publication. Illustrations of the seven species were shown.
These with the text descriptions and discussion are shortly to be
published. According to this paper the subgenus Radiovittaria
includes seven species viz., V, minima (Baker) Benedict, V.
Gardneriana F^e, F. remota F6e, V, stipitata Kunze, V, Morit-
ziana Mett., V. latifolia Benedict, and V. Williamsi Benedict.
The two last mentioned species are to be described in the forth-
coming paper. Both are based on material collected in Bolivia
by Mr. R. S. Williams of the Garden staff. F. minima has
only recently been placed in Vittaria, the material here included
having been previously placed in two other genera.
A. B. Stout.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Mr. Percy Wilson, assistant curator, spent a part of the month
of December and January collecting in the provinces of Pinar del
Rio and Havana, Cuba.
Mr. W. R. Maxon of the National Museum, Washington,
recently spent several days at the Garden in continuation of
his work on ferns for North American Flora.
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16
Dr. Charles Thorn of the Experiment Station, Storrs, Con-
necticut, spent a day at the Garden recently, consulting the
library.
Dr. B. M. Davis, assistant professor of botany in the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, was at the Garden December 19, looking
up specimens of Oenothera to be used in work on mutation.
Dr. C. B. Robinson, formerly in the employ of the Garden,
and for the past three years economic botanist in the Bureau of
Science, Manila, has returned and is spending some time at the
Garden.
Professor J. C. Arthur and Dr. F. D. Kern spent several days
at the Garden the early part of January studying rusts in con-
nection with work on North American Flora.
Mr. R. E. Stone of Cornell University visited the Garden in
January to consult the fungous collections with special reference
to parasites on leguminous plants.
Among other recent visitors at the Garden were Drs. A. F.
Blakeslee and G. P. Clinton of the Agricultural College, Storrs?,
Connecticut; Professors J. C. Blair and Chalres D. Crandall of
the University of Illinois; Dr. E. W. Olive of the State College
of South Dakota and Professor R. B. Thomson of the University
of Toronto.
Mr. Edward W. Berry, formerly a student of the Garden,
has recently published a book (Bulletin No. 3 of the Geological
Survey of New Jersey) of 233 pages and 29 plates on "The
Raritan Formation." About 100 of the 128 plate figures of
fossil plants are reproductions of figures in Newberry's "Flora
of the Amboy Clays," the type specimens of which are in the
museum of the New York Botanical Garden. Numerous in-
cidental references may also be found to other types and figured
specimens in the museum, collected by Dr. Arthur HoUick in
Long Island, Block Island and Martha's Vineyard.
The meeting of the various scientific societies of the country
at Washington during Christmas week was a notable one and
well attended. The botanists had very full programs, as well
as a dinner and a smoker, in which between one hundred and
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17
two hundred took part. The Garden was represented by Dr.
N. L. Britton, Dr. W. A. Murrill, Professor R. A. Harper, and
Mr. A. B. Stout. A movement to unite all American botanical
associations under the Botanical Society of America was auspi-
ciously inaugurated. The next meeting of the societies will be
held in Cleveland; and the one following in Atlanta.
The Field Museum of Natural History, which has cooperated
with the Garden in explorations in the Bahamas, will shortly
erect a new museum building costing about five million dollars.
The collections will be grouped in it under Anthropology, Botany,
Geology, and Zoology. The California Academy of Sciences
is also to have a new building in time for the Panama Exposition.
A new tropical laboratory for botanical and zoological re-
search is soon to be established at Mayaguez, Porto Rico, with
Dr. F. L. Stevens as director.
Dr. W. J. Gies, consulting chemist of the Garden and professor
of biological chemistry in Columbia University, is one of the
editors and has been very active in the establishment of the
Biochemical Bulletin, volume I, No. i of which appeared re-
cently. This publication which is to appear quarterly, each
volume containing about five hundred pages, is the official organ
of the Columbia University Biochemical Association for the
publication of papers of a biochemical nature. In addition to the
publication of biochemical research, some of the aims of the
Bulletin are the extension of general biochemical knowledge and
to furnish a means of keeping the workers in the home laboratories
in closer touch with those who have gone out to other fields of
labor. The first number of the bulletin contains i6o pages and
is devoted to scientific papers and notes and news of a biochemical
nature. One of the papers (pp. 7-41, with three plates) is by
Professor Francis Ernest Lloyd and is entitled, "The tannin-
colloid complexes in the fruit of the persimmon, Diospyros.*'
We understand that the Biochemical Bulletin will aim to give
special encouragement to the development of chemical studies
in botany and that chemical papers on botanical subjects will
be welcomed to its pagefe. Botanists are accordingly invited to
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18
contribute to the success and usefulness of the Bulletin.
Among the editors and collaborators we note the names of
the following botanists: Carl L. Alsberg, Gertrude S. Burling-
ham, E. D. Clark, C. A. Darling, C. Stuart Gager, Benjamin
C. Gruenberg, William T. Home, Homer D. House, J. E.
Kirkwood, Elsie A. Kupfer, Burton E. Livingston, Winifred J.
Robinson, Fred J. Seaver and A. D. Selby.
Many of the orchids in range i are now flowering freely. In
house no. 15, next to the large dome, many of the Venus-slip-
pers, represented by the genera Paphiopedilum and Phragmi-
pedium are in bloom. Among these may be mentioned, as espe-
cially attractive, Paphiopedilum Alcides and P. " Wm. McKin-
ley,'' of hybrid origin, and an unusually fine form of Paphiopedi-
lum insigne, known as Harefield Hall. The flower of this variety
is especially large, with the standard broad and flat and beauti-
fully marked with large spots. It is one of the best of the P.
insigne {orms. Many of the genus Phragmipedium are also in
bloom. One of these, of hybrid origin, is P. Cleola, a pure white
flushed with rose, and resembling, in general form, the native
white lady-slipper, Cypridedium reginae. The rosy flowers of
iMlia ancepSf a Mexican species, are just making their appear-
ance, and the striking Laelia superbiens, well described by its
specific name, is coming into flower, its bright flowers borne, as
in many others of the genus, in bunches at the top of long naked
stems. It is a native of Guatemala. In strong contrast to this
is Laelia flava, of Brazil, with its smaller yellow flowers. A plant
of the Javanese orchid, Vanda tricolor suaviSy with large white
flowers spotted with purple, is attractive, not only on account of
the beauty of its colorings, but also for its pleasing fragrance.
In the far-away Philippines grows Platyclinis glumacea. An ex-
cellent plant of this is now in full bloom with many long slender
drooping racemes of yellowish flowers. Oncidium Kramerianum,
wild in northern South America, is striking in its coloring of
orange and brown. The flower, with its long tail-like petals, is
at the end of a long naked stem, resembling much a butterfly at
rest, hence its name of the butterfly orchid. There are many
other interesting orchids in this house. In house no. 12 are
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19
many plants of the Himalayan, Paphiopedilum insigne, in a
number of color varieties, now in a profusion of bloom; and next
to these a collection of the Andean genus, Masdevallia, some of
which are now flowering.
Meteorology for December, — ^The total precipitation for Decem-
])er was 4.09 inches of which 1.48 inches fell as snow. The
maximum temperature of 65** was recorded on December 12 and
a minimum temperature of 10.5® was recorded on December 5.
ACCESSIONS.
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM.
14 specimens of hepatics from Quebec. (Given by Dr. C. B. Robinson.)
4 specimens of mosses from Missouri. (By exchange with Dr. John Davis.)
2 specimens of Leskea algarvica from Portugal. (By exchange with Dr. George
Roth.)
3 specimens of mosses from Guadeloupe Island, Lower California. (Collected
by Dr. J. N. Rose.)
18 specimens of Andrraea from Greenland, Sweden and Spitzbergen. (Given by
Dr. A. LeRoy Andrews.)
13 specimens of flowering plants from the eastern United States. (Given by
Mr. E. E. Steele.)
2 specimens of Chamaesyce glyptosperma from Ontario. (Given by Mr. John
Dearness.)
I specimen of Chamaesyce from Italy. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
1 specimen of Kneiffia Sumstinei from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with the
Ccu-negie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.)
2 specimens of Linaria Linaria from Ontario. (Given by Mr. William Scott.)
2 specimens of mosses from Saguenay County, Quebec. (Given by Dr. C. B.
Robinson.)
4 specimens of Riccia from Connecticut. (Given by Miss Annie Lorenz.)
4.500 specimens from Cuba. (Collected by Dr. J. A. Shafer.)
I specimen of Parlhtnium HysUrophorus from Louisiana. (Given by Mr. E. C.
Wurzlow.)
1 specimen of Festuca oclojlora from Alabama. (Given by Dr. R. M. Harper.)
60 specimens of ferns from eastern North America. (Distributed by Dr. Philip
DoweU.)
2 specimens of fungi from Siberia. (Given by the United States Department of
Agriculture.)
3»700 specimens of fungi from Washington, Oregon and California. (Collected
by Dr. and Mrs. W. A. Murrill.)
II specimens of ferns from the vicinity of New York City. (Given by Dr.
Philip Dowell.)
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20
86 herbariuni specimens from British America. (By exchange with the Geo-
logical Survey of Canada.)
2 herbarium specimens from New York. (Given by Mr. K. P. Janson.)
49 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr-
George E. Osterhout.)
4 specimens of fungi from North America. (By exchange with Professor J. C.
Arthur.)
164 herbarium specimens from British Columbia and Hudson Bay. (By ex-
change with the Geological Survey of Canada.)
4 specimens of Amaranthaceae from Ohio. (By exchange with Professor John
H. Schaffner.)
2 specimens ol Xanlhium from Colorado. (By exchange with Professor J. C.
Arthur and Dr. F. D. Kern.)
5 specimens of PoUnHlla. (By exchange with the Seed Laboratory, Ottawa..
Canada.)
48 specimens of mosses from Washington and Oregon. (By exchange with
Professor A. S. Foster.)
407 specimens from SL Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin^ West Indies. (By
exchange with the Botanical Garden. Utrecht, Holland.)
PLANTS AND SEEDS.
12 plants for conservatories. (By exchange with National Museum, through
Dr. J. N. Rose.)
2 plants of Agave, (Given by Mrs. C. Cole Bradley.)
3 plants of Campanula isophyUa. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton,)
I plant of Primula. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
1.260 lily bulbs for decorative plantations. (Purchased.)
1 plant of Cycas revoluta. (Given by Mrs. J. H. T. Stempd.)
6 plants of Cordyline australis. (Given by Mr. H. Schniewind. Jr.)
3 orchids for conservatories. (By exchange with Messrs. Lager & HurrelT.)
2 plants for conservatories. (By exchange with Messrs. Knight & Struck.)
6 orchids for the conservatories. (By exchange with Mr. J. A. Manda.)
66 plants for conservatories, derived from seeds from various sources.
2 packets of seeds of Manihot. (Given by Mr, F. H. Hunicke.)
1 packet of seed. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
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^^^H Aembers of tbe Corporation. ^^|
^^^H Edward D. Adams,
Edw, V. Z. Lane, ^^^|
^^^H John D* Arc it bold,
Prof. Frederic S. Lee, ^^^^|
^^^H G£Qitc£ F. Bakea,
Hon. Seth Low, ^^^^|
^^^H Eugene P. Bickkell,
David Lydig, ^^^H
^B George S. Bowi>oik,
Edgar L. Marston, ^^^^^
^^^^ Pstor. N. L. Britton,
W, J. Matheson, ^^^^I
^^^H Hon. Addison Browk,
OcD£N Mills, ^^^^|
^ Prof. Edw. S, Bihguss.
J. PiERPONT Morgan, ^^^^H
^^^^- Dr. Nicholas M. Butlizu,
Theodore W. Myers. ^^^^H
^^^H Andrew Carnegie,
Frederic R. Kewbold. ^^^^H
^ Prof. C F. Chandler,
Prof. Henry F. Os&orn. ^^^^|
^H William G. Chqate.
Lowell M. Palmer, ^^^^H
^m Charles F. Cox,
George W. Perkins, ^^^^H
^H Paul D. Cravat h,
James R, Pitcher, ^^^^|
^H W. Bayard Cutting,
M. F. Plant, ^^H
^B Cleveland H, Dodge.
John D. Rockefeller, ^^M
^m A. F. Estabroox.
William Rockefeller, ^^^H
^M H. C* Fahnestocx,
Prof. H. H. Rusby, ^^^H
^M Samuel W. Fairchild,
Jacob H. Schiff, ^^^^|
^M James B. Ford,
Mortimer L. Schiff, ^^^^|
^m Hekmy W* de Forest,
James A, Scrymser, ^^^^B
^H Robert W, de Forest,
Henry A. Siebrecht, ^^M
H Prof, W. J, Giea,
William D, Sloane, ^^^^^
^H Prof, R. A. HARreR,
Nelson Smith, ^^^^^|
^H Edward S. IIarxness,
James Speyer, ^^^^|
^M Henry R. Hoyt,
Francis L. Stetson, ^^^^|
^H Tuos. H, Hubbard,
Charles G. Thompson, ^^^^|
^B Adrian Iselik, Jr,,
Dr. W. Gilman Thomps^ ^^^H
^H Walter B, Jennings,
Samuel Thorne, ^^^H
^H John I, Kane,
Mylfs Tierney, ^^^^I
^H Eugene Kelly, Jr.,
Louis C Tiffany, ^^^^|
^M Prof. James F. Kemp,
George W. Vanoerbilt, ^^M
^^^_^ Hon. Egertqn L.
Wintbrop, Jr, ^^^^P
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York, by Dr. Arthur Hollick and Dr. Edward Charles Jeffrey, viii + 138 pp., with
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148. List of Plants Collected on the Peary Arctic Expedition of 1905-06, etc.,
by P, A. Rydberg. ^ ^0 f f
NKw York Botamioal Garokji
'5ffS«Bgle
Vol. Xfll
FEBRUARY, 1912
No. 146
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
FRED J. SEAVER
Curator
CONTENTS
Charles Finney Cox • , . , . ai
Botanical Exploration In Cuba , . , . , ...,.,.. 33
The Flowering of the Jamaica Candle-wood Tree . , aj
Conference If ote» . a^
Publicationa of the Staff, Scbolara and Students of the ITew York Botamcal
Garden during the Year 1911 . aS
Notea, Wew8 and Comment 35
Acctaalone , . , -37
Published for thr Garden
At 41 No»T« Qvsuf Stasbt. L&ncAsrai* Pa
«T Thb Nbw Era PmtmNa CoMr*inr
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Of^riokrs 1912.
PsEStDENT— HON. ADDISON BROWN,
Vice-President— ANDREW CARNEGIE,
TREASURER— JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Seceetahy— DR. N. L. BRITTON.
Board ok NIanagerq.
1. elected managers.
Term expJrcft January, 19 1 J.
THOMAS H, HUBBARD, J. PIERPONT MORGAN.
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON, GEORGE W. PERKINS.
MYLES TIERNEY.
Tcnn expiftm Jmmiary, 1914*
EDWARD D. ADAMS, W. lUyARD CUTTING,
ADDISON BROWN. ROBERT W. de FOREST.
JAMES A, SCRYMSER.
Term explrei January, IQ15.
N. L, BRITTON, JOHN I. KANE.
ANDREW CARNEGIE, W. J, MATHESON,
W. GILMAN THOMPSON.
2. EX-OFFICtO MANAGERS.
The PHESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OP PUHLIC PakKS,
HON. CHARLES B. STOVER.
The Mayor of the City of New York,
HON. WILLIAM J. GAYNOR.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
PROF. H. H. RUSBY, Chairman.
PROF. EDWARD S. BURGESS, PROF. R. A. HARPER,
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF. JAMES F. KEMP.
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES, PROF, FREDERIC S. LEE,
HON. E. L. WINTHROP, Ji.
Oarosm Sxakk.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief,
DR. W. A. MURRILL. Assistant Director,
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of ike Museums.
BR. P. A. RYDBERG. Curator.
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator.
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Curator,
FRED J. SEAVER, Curator,
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, A>imims1rative AssistanK
PERCY WILSON, Assistant Curator.
DR. C B. ROBINSON. Assistant Curator,
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener.
A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Librarian.
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections,
DR. WILLIAM J, GIES, Consulting Chemist.
COL. F. A. SCHILLING. Mt^seum Custodian.
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer,
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant.
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent.
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JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vol. XIII February, 1912. No. 146.
CHARLES FINNEY COX.
Charles Finney Cox, Treasurer of the New York Botanical
Garden since 1899, an originsd member of the Corporation, and
a member of the Board of Managers since the formation of that
Board in 1895, died at his residence. No 5 Delavan Terrace,
Yonkers, N. Y., on Wednesday, January 24; he was a little
more than sixty-six years old, having been born on Staten Island,
January 16, 1846. He studied at the College of the City of
New York, and subsequently at Oberlin College, where he
obtained the degree of A.B., and that institution, of which he
was later a trustee, subsequently conferred upon him the honorary
degree of A.M. Lafayette College awarded him the degree of
LL.D. in 191 1.
Mr. Cox had a keen appreciation of the progress of modern
science, and for a man not professionally within the scientific
ranks, an extraordinary knowledge of its details in many branches.
He was a member of many learned societies and an officer of
several from time to time, having been president of the New
York Microscopical Society in 1888; of the Council of the Scien-
tific Alliance of New York from 1891 to 1906; of the New York
Academy of Sciences 1908 and 1909, treasurer of that body for
several years previously, and again accepted the duties of that
position in December, 191 1.
Microscopy was his favorite subject for personal investiga-
tion, and his studies with the microscope of plant and animal
life extended over many years; the instrument itself, and the
history of its development and perfection were of great interest to
21
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him from the standpoint of the wonderful additions to knowledge
obtained by its use, and their applications to the welfare of man-
kind. This acquaintance with the facts and methods of micro-
biology made him, most fittingly, the first chairman of the
Charity Oi^anization Society's Committee on the Prevention
of Tuberculosis, following the discovery of the bacillus which
causes that human affliction, the vast importance of which he
at once recognized; his service, in this position, has been of
inestimable value to humanity. To all the work of the Charity
Organization Society he rendered signal service over a long
period of time, accepting membership on many of its important
committees.
A close and critical student of the facts and observations on
which the theory of evolution is based, he formed one of the
most complete collections of Darwiniana ever brought together.
In 1909 he represented the New York Academy of Sciences at
the centennial celebration of Darwin's birth, held at Oxford,
England, and he has spoken of this as one of the most interesting
episodes of his life.
He was one of the incorporators of the New York Botanical
Garden, named in the charter granted by the Legislature in
1891, and had previously been active in advocating the establish-
ment of the institution. The subscription of the guarantee fund
required by this charter was successfully accomplished, largely
through his efforts; he became a member of the Board of Man-
agers at its formation on February 12, 1895, and his service in
that capacity has been continuous; at the annual meeting in
January, 1899, he was elected treasurer, and this position he has
held ever since, besides serving on the finance committee and the
executive committee; his advice and counsel have been of the
wisest and always helpful. The Garden has received important
gifts from him, including his collection of microscopes, illustrating
the history of that instrument, many books on microscopy and
botany, and contributions to its funds.
When we consider that all these public services were given
freely, while he was continually engaged in the most confining
type of a business career as the manager of vast financial in-
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terests, we can but wonder how it was possible; he was modest
and unassuming in all his relationships, a most lovable character,
and a perfect gentleman.
Whereas, Charles Finney Cox, one of the original promoters of
the New York Botanical Garden, and its Treasurer from 1899
until his recent death, departed this life on January 24, 191 2,
after long and faithful service.
Resolved: That the Board of Managers, mourning his un-
timely death, hereby places on record its appreciation of his
noble, manly character; his engaging personal qualities; his
invaluable services to this institution during so many years; his
zeal and intelligent interest, amid many pressing business cares,
in the prc^ess of natural science; his own personal studies and
able contributions therein; and his devotion and ready assistance
at all times by counsel, advice and pecuniary means towards the
successful development of the Garden enterprise.
Resolved: That in his death, we mourn the loss of an in-
valuable associate and an endeared friend, and that we extend
our sympathies to his bereaved family, to whom a copy of these
resolutions is directed to be sent.
The foregoing memorial and resolutions were approved by the
Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, at a
meeting held January 30, 191 2.
N. L. Brixton,
Secretary.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN CUBA.
Dr. N. L. Brixton, Director-in-Chief,
Sir: The following brief report on botanical exploration on
the Sierra de Anafe, a small mountain range in the province of
Pinar del Rio, Cuba, between Caimito and Guanajay, is here
presented.
Sailing from New York on December 9, I arrived at Havana
on the morning of the 13th, and the following day, accompanied
by Brother L6on of the Colegio de la Salle, Vedado, went by
rail to Guayabal which is at about the center of the range. We
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were very hospitably received at the home of Mr. Arthur Shaler
Williams, where I made my headquarters during my stay of a
little over two weeks. Having, on several occasions, the kind
cooperation of Brother L6on and the comfortable quarters at
Mr. Williams', my work was greatly facilitated.
The tree-like cactus of this region, a species of Leptocereus (L.
Leoni), was observed only on the southern slope. A small colony
containing several large individuals, one of which was fourteen
feet tall, was found on December 19 on a hillside near Caimito,
and an excellent wood section from one of these specimens was
prepared for the museum. The bark of this species is very thin
and of a grayish-green and unlike many other castuses, the wood
is very heavy and close-grained. Many individuals were care-
fully examined for flowers and fruits, as these are rather im-
perfectly known, but, unfortunately, the plants were neither in
flower or in fruit at this season. A species of Selenicereus, a
vine-like cactus, was also collected, together with specimens of
a species of A gave ^ which bore showy yellow flowers.
Another floral feature of the range is a species of Thrinax {T.
punctulata), which is confined to the jagged rocky slopes and per-
pendicular cliffs on the north side. Specimens from five to thirty-
five feet tall were growing from the shallow pockets of some of
the cliffs. The observer can but wonder how these palms, with
apparently so insecure a foothold on the sides of such vertical
walls, have been able to withstand the severe storms that occa-
sionally sweep across the island.
Of the shrubs, Myginda uragoga, a member of the Staff- tree
family, and a plant which appears to be of rather local distribu-
tion in Cuba, was frequently seen on the cool, shaded slopes,
also hanging from the faces of the cliffs. On some of the more
exposed hillsides, a Malpighia (Af. cubensis), is very plentiful.
This species, together with a variety of other shrubs, forms a
dense thicket through which one is obliged to proceed with great
caution. Many of the stinging, needle-like hairs that are ap-
pressed to the under surface of the leaves soon found a lodging
place and caused me much discomfort.
Several apparently uncommon species of Passiflora were found
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in the dense hillside thickets, the fruit of one of these being much
sought after by birds.
Between the two ridges the surface is relatively flat and for
the most part used for pasture-lands, or is under cultivation.
In the vicinity of small habitations two familiar weeds, the pepper-
grass (Lepidium virginicum) and the common plantain {Plantago
major), are established.
This entire range was thoroughly explored between December
14 and January i, and the collection obtained here will un-
doubtedly prove of much interest.
Returning to Havana on the afternoon of January i, I visited
the following day the valley of the Rio Bacuranao in company
with Brother L6on, and on the 3d, we had the pleasure of his
colleague, Brother Victorin's, company to Cumbre Hermosa,
where several plants not represented in our herbarium from the
province of Havana, were obtained.
The afternoon of January 4 was given to exploration of the
Jata Hills at Guanabacoa, where many interesting small grasses
were found, and several shrubs among which were two species
of Malpighia, and an Erythroxylon (E. alaternifolium) which
grew very plentifully.
The large collection of plants brought together by Dr. J. A.
Shafer during November and December, in the extreme western
part of the province of Pinar del Rio, was placed in my care at
Havana, and included with my collection which I brought
through to New York on January 9.
Respectfully submitted,
Percy Wilson,
Assistant Curator.
THE FLOWERING OF THE JAMAICA CANDLE-WOOD
TREE.
Among some of the rare and little-known species brought from
the West Indies by the various expeditions of the Garden, and
installed in the living-plant collections, are a number of specimens
of the Jamaica candle-wood {Peltostigma pteleoides), one of which
flowered at Conservatory Range 2, on January 6, 1912.
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This plant, a member of the Rue family, was discovered on
the Santa Cruz Mountains, Jamaica, by William Purdie in 1844,
who was making a botanical collection for the Royal Gardens
at Kew, and plants grown from seed collected by him flowered
there in February, 1849. In his Icones Plantarum, Sir William
Hooker described and figured (plates 6g8 and 6gg) this new plant
under the name of Pachystigma pteleoides. As the name Pachy-
stigma had been used for a South African genus in the Madder
family, Hooker's plant was renamed two years later by Walpers
as PeUostigma pteleoides. Subsequent collectors in Jamaica
failed to find this species until its rediscovery, after a long search,
by Dr. N. L. Britton and Mr. William Harris in September,
1907, on a wooded hill at Potsdam, on the Santa Cruz Mountains,
probably the original locality, at about 2,600 feet elevation.
The trees were in young fruit at the time of their visit, and
numerous seedlings were obtained from which the specimens
at the Garden were grown.
The Jamaica candle-wood, or ptelea-leaved peltostigma is a
slender tree, sometimes attaining a height of eight meters. The
leaves are alternate, the dark-green leaflets usually three, and
closely resemble those of the hop-tree, Ptelea trifoliata, a native of
the United States, sometimes grown in our parks. The flowers
are an inch or more in diameter and sweet-scented, with the petals
of a creamy white and nearly equal, and the sepals deciduous and
unequal, the interior ones large and somewhat petal-like, the
outer smaller. The stamens are numerous and inserted on a
thick, fleshy disk, and the ovary is covered with short hairs giving
it a velvety appearance. This species appears from the history
of the living material at Kew and here to flower when at the age
of five years.
Herbarium specimens from southern Mexico and Guatemala
from altitudes up to 5,500 feet appear identical with the Jamaica
plant.
Percy Wilson.
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CONFERENCE NOTES.
The January conference of the scientific staff and registered
students of the New York Botanical Garden was held in the
laboratory of the Museum Building, Monday, January 15, at
4 P.M.
A general synopsis of the work on the mosses for the first part
of Vol. 15 of North American Flora, was presented as follows:
1. Sphagnaceae, Dr. A. Le Roy Andrews lOo species reduced to 37
2. Andreaeaceae, Miss Julia T. Emerson 12 species reduced to ii
3. Archidiaceae, Mrs. N. L. Britton 8 species reduced to 4
4. Dicranaceae, Mrs. Britton and R. S. Williams:
1. Bruchiaeae, Mrs. N. L. Britton 22 species reduced to 20
2. Ditricheae, Mrs. N. L. Britton 19 species enlarged to 25
3. Bryoxiphieae, Mrs. N. L. Britton i species enlarged to 2
4. Seligerieae. Mrs. N. L. Britton 6 species enlarged to 9
5. Dicranelleae. Mr. R. S. Williams 55 ^ecies reduced to 29
6. Rhabdoweisieae, Mr. R. S. Williams 2 species 2
7. Dicraneae, Mr. R. S. Williams 230 species reduced to 117
5. Leucobryaceae, Mr. R. S. Williams:
1. Leucobryum 26 species reduced to 8
2. Leucophanes 3 species reduced to 2
3. OctobUpharum 5 species reduced to 3
Dr. A. Le Roy Andrews, of Cornell University, stated that the
number of species of Sphagnum recorded for North America had
been increased from 19 listed by Lindberg in 1882 to 100 in Warn-
storf's treatment in Pflanzenreich, just issued. After critical
studies and comparisons with W. I., C. and S. A. forms, he had
been able to reduce this number to 37 species and 8 varieties.
He also stated that *'With reference to nomenclature, where the
facts seemed clear he has followed the principle of priority starting
with Linnaeus, involving the adoption of 6 old names only, and
no new changes are made."
Miss Julia T. Emerson followed with notes on Andreaea in
which she stated that 4 species of this genus had been recorded
by Lesquereux and James in 1884. This number had been
increased to 12 since, which she had been able to reduce to 10
and added one new species from Toccoa Falls, collected by
Dr. Small.
Mrs. Britton stated that in the genus Archidium the species
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resemble each other so closely that it is difficult to separate them
but that there seemed to be little doubt that of the 8 species
listed for N. A. only 4 could be clearly distinguished.
The Dicranaceae including 33 genera and 204 species have
been arranged for the sake of convenience in the sequence of
Engler and Prantl Pflanzenfamilien, though a few changes and
additions have been recorded ; notably the addition of Pringleella
from Mexico. This family has required a great deal of critical
study and many comparisons have been made including much
sectioning of leaves and reduction of species. In most cases
original specimens have been seen and our thanks are due to
Professor Macoun for enabling us to study all of Kindberg*s
species. Mr. Williams has devoted much time and labor and
skill to making sections and slides of the more critical species
and will be prepared to print drawings of many of these should
it become desirable.
When printed, this part will include 5 families, 38 genera and
269 species as at present recorded.
A. B. Stout. .
PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND
STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL
GARDEN DURING THE YEAR 191 1.
Andrews, A. L. Notes on North American Sphagnum — I.
Bryologist 14: 72-75. Jl 191 1.
Arthur, J. C. New Species of Uredineae — ^VII. Bull. Torrey
Club 37: 569-580. /.I. II Ja 191 1 ;— VIII. Bull. Torrey
Club 38: 369-378. 21 Au 191 1.
Bamhart, J. H. Report of the librarian. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
7: 324-347- 16 Mr 191 1.
Benedict, R. C. Hough's Leaf Key to the Trees. Torreya n:
17-19- 3ijai9ii. (Review.)
A new Cuban fern. Am. Fern Jour, i: 40-43. pL 2.
13 F 1911.
Do ferns hybridize? Science II. 33 : 254, 255. 17 F 1911 .
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The genera of the fern tribe Vittarieat: their external
morphology, venation and relationships. Bull. Torrey Club
38: 133-190. pi. 2-8. 5 My 1911.
A new Antrophyium from Luzon. Am. Fern Jour, i:
71-74. pL 4. 3 My 1911.
Botrychium Jenmani in Cuba. Am. Fern Jour, i : 98, 99.
7 Au 1911.
Britten, E. G. Reviews, current literature. Bryologist 14:
38,39. Mr 191 1.
Fern collecting in Cuba. Am. Fern Jour, i: 75-77.
3 My 191 1.
Review of Desmier's Revision of PhilonoUs. Bryologist
14:43,44. My 191 1.
Reviews, African mosses. Bryologist 14: 89. S 1911.
Fungi on mosses. Bryologist 14: 103. N 191 1,
Britten, N. L. Rediscovery of Tillandsia Swartzii Baker.
Torreya 11: 31-33./. /. 14 F 191 1.
Report of the secretary and director-in-chief for the year
1910. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7: 271-293. 16 Mr 1911.
Botanical exploration in Cuba. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Card.
12: 89-95. 31 My 191 1.
The botanical name of the wild sapodilla. Torreya 11 :
128, 129. 19 Je 1911.
An undescribed Opuntia from Jamaica. Torreya 11 :
130. I9jei9ii.
Opuntia Traceyi sp. nov. Torreya 11: 152. 19 Jl 191 1.
A second species of Hernandia in Jamaica. Torreya 11 :
174. 14 Au 191 1.
Report on a visit to the Royal Gardens, Kew, England,
and to the British Museum of Natural History. Jour. N. Y.
Bot. Card. 12: 215-218. O 191 1.
Clark, E. D. The nature and functions of the plant oxidases,
Torreya 11: 23-31. 14 F 1911; 11: 55-61. 21 Mr 1911; 11: 84-
92. 19 Ap 1911; 11: loi-iio. 17 My 1911.
Clark, E. D., & Kanter, J. L. Toxicological experiments with
some of the higher fungi. Mycologia 3: 175-188. pL 52+
f.i. 27JI1911.
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30
Coker, W. C. Additions to the flora of the Carolinas — II.
Torreya ii: 9-11. 31 Ja 1911.
The garden of Andr6 Michaux. Jour. Elisha Mitchell
Sci. Soc. 27: 65-72. pi. J, 2, Jl 191 1.
Coker, W. C, & Wilson, L. Schizosaccharomyces ociosporus.
Mycologia 3: 283-287. pi. 55. 20 N 191 1.
Eggleston, W. W. Habenaria ciliaris in Vermont. Vermont
Bot. Club Bull. 6: 16. Ap 191 1.
New Crataegi of the northern manual range. Bull.
Torrey Club 38: 243, 244. 15 Je 191 1.
Fairman, C. E. Fungi Lindonvillenses novi vel minus cogniti.
Series II. Ann. Myc. 9: 147-152./. 7-7. Mr 1911.
Fink, B. Notes on a collection of Boletaceae. Ohio Nat. 11:
267-270. 16 Ja 191 1.
The nature and classification of lichens — I. Views and
arguments of botanists concerning classification. Mycologia
3: 231-269. S 1911. .
Harper, R. M. The plant life of Maryland. Torreya 11: 36-
42. 14 F 1911. (Review.)
Notes on the distribution of some plants observed in
traveling through the coastal plain from Georgia to New York
in July, 1909. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 591-603. ii Ja 1911.
A new plum from the lake region of Florida. Torreya
11: 64-67. 21 Mr 1911.
Chondrophora virgata in West Florida. Torreya 11:
92-98./. 7. 9 Ap 191 1.
The Hemstead Plains, a natural prairie on Long Island.
Bull. Am. Geog. Soc. 43: 351-360./. 1-5. My 1911.
Early spring aspects of the coastal plain vegetation of
South Carolina, Georgia and Northeastern Florida. Bull.
Torrey Club 38: 223-236. 15 Je 191 1.
River-bank vegetation of the Lower Apalachicola and a
new principle illustrated thereby. Torreya 11: 225-234.
10 N 1911.
Hollick, A. Results of a preliminary study of the so-called Kenai
Flora of Alaska. Am. Jour. Sci. 31 : 327-330. Ap 191 1.
The paleobotanical collections of the N. Y. Bot. Card.
Proc. Am. Assoc. Mus. 4: 43-52. My 1911.
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31
Notes on introduced plants collected near Arlington,
Staten Island. Proc. Staten I. Assoc. 3: 62-65. 2 My 191 1.
A rare and little-known publication. Torreya 11: 150-
152. 19JI1911.
Stangeria or Stangera and Stangerites or Strangerites?
Two questions of nomenclature. Torreya 11: 174, 175.
14 Au 191 1.
Howe, M. A. A little-known mangrove of Panama. Jour.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 61-72. Ap 191 1.
The Codiaceae of the Siboga expedition, including a
monograph of the Flabellarieae and Udoteae. Torreya 11:
133-137- I9jei9"- (Review.)
Some recent University of California publications.
Torreya 11: 176-180. 14 Au 1911. (Reviews.)
The plant photograph exhibit. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
12: 218-230. O 1911.
Phycological studies — ^V. Some marine algae of lower
California, Mexico. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 489-514. pi.
27-34. I D 191 1.
Howe, R. H. The genus Usnea and its Linnean nomenclature.
Bull. Torrey Club 37: 605-609. 11 Ja 1911.
American species of Alectoria occurring north of the
fifteenth parallel. Mycologia 3: 106-150. pi. 41-47. 3 Je
1911.
The genus Evernia as represented in North and Middle
America. Bot. Gaz. 51: 431-442. pi. 24, 25. 19 Je 1911.
List of lichens collected in the Yukon region by Mr. R. S.
Williams. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 287-293. 6 Jl 191 1.
A correction. Bryologist 14: 91, 92. S 191 1.
Kern, F. D. The rusts of white and red clover. Phytopathology
1:3-6. F 1911.
A biologic and taxonomic study of the genus Gymnospo-
rangium. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 391-483. pi. 151-161 -f /.
1-36. 12 O 191 1.
Two submerged species of Uromyces. Torreya 11: 211-
214. 18O1911.
The rusts of Guatemala — II. Mycologia 3: 288-290.
20 N 1911.
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Maxon, W. R. A remarkable new fern from Panama. Smith-
sonian Misc. Coll. 56^*: 1-5. pL 1-3. 22 N 191 1.
Murrill, W. A. The Agaricaceae of tropical North America — I.
Mycologia 3: 23-36. 31 Ja 191 1; — II. Mycologia 3: 79-
91. 18 My 1911; — III. Mycologia 3: 189-199. 27 JI 1911;
— IV. Mycologia 3: 271-282. 20 N 191 1.
Report of the assistant director. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
7: 294-300. 16 Mr 191 1.
Studying tropical American fungi in European herbaria.
Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 43-54. pL 82+f. 7-75. Mr 191 1.
Illustrations of fungi — VIII. Mycologia 3: 97-105.
pL 40, 3 Je 191 1 ; — IX. Mycologia 3: 165-169. pi, 49,
27 Jl 1911.
Mushroom poisoning Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 204-
207. S 1911.
Nash, G. V. The Funkias or day-lilies. Torreya 11: 1-9.
31 Ja 1911.
Apgar*s ornamental shrubs of the United States. Torreya
11: 42, 43. 14 F 191 1. (Review.)
Report of the head gardener. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7:
301-307. 16 Mr 1911.
Cypripediums or lady-slippers. Gard. Chron. Am. 12:
140-142. Mr 1911.
Observations on the hardiness of plants cultivated at
the N. Y. Botanical Garden. Gard. Chron. Am. 12: 172-175,
177. Mr 1911.
Desert and aquatic plants. Gard. Chron. Am. 13: 51.
Je 1911.
Transforming a swamp. Gard. Chron. Am. 13: 73-76.
Jl 1911.
The rhododendron banks. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12 :
157, 158-/. J2- Jl 19".
The Gladiolus exhibition. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12:
207, 208. S 191 1.
The Funkias or day-lilies. Jour. Hort. Soc. New York i:
164-171. O 1911.
Robinson, C. B. Philippine Urticaceae. Philip. Jour. Sci. 5:
(Bot.) 465-543. D 1910; 6: (Bot.) 1-31. pL i-j. Mr 191 1.
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Philippine hats. Philip. Jour. Sci. 6: (Bot.) 93-131.
pi. 4-11, Je 1911.
Botanical notes upon the Island of Polillo. Philip.
Jour. Sci. 6: (Bot.) 185-228. Jl 191 1.
Corn-leaf blight in the Philippines. Philip. Agric. Rev.
4:356-358. Jl 1911.
Urticaceae from the Sarawak Museum. Philip. Jour.
Sci. 6: (Bot.) 291-298. S 191 1.
Rusby, H. H. Some useful plants of Mexico. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 12: 1-16./. 1-6. Ja 191 1.
Report on recent collections in Mexico. Jour. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 12: 27, 28. F 191 1.
Some obstacles to the purification of our food and drug
supplies. Report nth annual meeting Nat. Civ. Fed. 153-
159. 1911.
Annual report of Honorary Curator of Economic Col-
lections of N. Y. Bot. Garden. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7:
313, 314. 16 Mr 1911.
Report of the chairman of the Scientific Directors of
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 364-369. 16 Mr
1911.
Two new species of edible fruits from Mexico. Bull.
Torrey Club 38: 145, 146. 7 Ap 191 1.
Some floral features of Mexico — I. Torreya 11 : 77-84.
Ap 191 1 ; — II. Torreya 11: 110-117. My 191 1.
Bulletin of information of the College of Pharmacy of
the City of N. Y. for the year 1911-12. 1-56. 12 Je 191 1.
Government rectification of unfit drugs before admission.
Am. Drug and Pharm. Rec. 59: 27-29. 10 Ju 191 1.
Defense against criminally libelous charges made by
committee on personnel of U. S. Dept. of Agric. N. Y. Times.
I, 13JI1911.
Resignation of Prof. Virgil Coblentz. Drug Cir. and
Chem. Gaz. 55: 371. Ju 191 1.
Basic principles of the Food and Drug Act. Drug Cir.
and Chem. Gaz. 55: 405-408. Au 191 1.
Uses of Cactuses. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 195-204.
12 S 1911.
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Manual of Structural Botany; An Introductory Text
Book for Students of Science and Pharmacy. 1-248 (599
illustrations). 21 O 191 1.
Necessity for standards in the administration of the Food
and Drugs Act. Newark Evening News. 16 N 191 1 .
What an efficient administration of our food and drug
laws would mean for the people. Newark Evening News.
9 D 1911.
Annual report of the Dean of the College of Pharmacy
of the City of N. Y. Ann. Rep. Columbia University for 1910.
Rydberg, P. A. Studies in the Rocky Mountain flora — XXV.
Bull. Torrey Club 38: 11-23. 15 F 1911.
Notes on Rosaceae — V. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 79-89.
7 Mr 1911; — VI. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 351-367. 21 Au
1911.
Report of a trip to Southeastern Utah in the summer of
191 1. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Card. 12: 237-253. N 1911.
Seaver, F. J. Stevens' Diseases of economic plants. Torreya
11:19,20. 31 Ja 1911. (Review.)
Report of director of laboratories. Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Card. 7: 315-323. 16 Mr 191 1.
Studies in Colorado fungi — I. Discomyceies, Myco-
logia 3: 57-66. 18 Mr 191 1.
The lichens of Minnesota. Mycologia 3: 162. 3 Je
191 1. (Review.)
The Genus Fimetaria. Mycologia 3: 162, 163. 3 Je
1911.
The Hypocreales of North America — IV. Mycologia 3 :
207-230. pL S3f 54' 21 S 191 1.
Small, J. K. Additions to the tree flora of the United States.
Torreya 11: 11-14. 31 Ja 191 1.
Report of head curator of museums arid herbarium.
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 7; 308-312. 16 Mr 191 1.
Simaroubaceae. N. Am. Fl. 25: 227-239. 6 My 191 1.
Exploration in southern Florida. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Card.
12: 147-156./. 26-31. Jl 191 1.
Sumstine, D. R. Studies in North American Hyphomycetes — I.
Mycologia 3: 45-56. pL 37-39- 18 Mr 191 1.
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Williams, R. S. Trichodon borealis n. sp. Bryologist 14: 5, pi,
2. Ja 1911.
Panama mosses. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 33-36. 15 F
1911.
Austinella gen. nov. Bryologist 14: 70, 71./. i, Jl 1911.
Wilson, P. Rutacea. N. A. Fl. 25: 173-224. 6 My 191 1.
Surianaceae. N. A. Fl. 25: 225. 6 My 191 1.
Notes on Ruiaceae — V. Species characters in PUlia
and Taravalia. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 295-297. 6 Ju 191 1.
Report on Cuban exploration. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Card.
12: 171-174. Au 1911.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Dr. Roland M. Harper recently spent several days at the
Garden following his return from a ten months stay in Alabama.
Dr. David R. Stmstine, of Pittsburgh, has been awarded a
research scholarship for the month of July to enable him to
continue his researches on certain groups of imperfect fungi.
Dr. E. P. Meinecke, forest pathologist in the Bureau of Plant
Industry, and at present stationed at San Francisco, California,
recently spent several days at the Garden consulting that part
of the mycological herbarium relating to the diseases of forest
trees.
At a meeting of the Board of Managers, held January 30, 1912,
Mr. James A. Scrymser was elected Treasurer of the New York
Botanical Garden to succeed Mr. C. F. Cox. Mr. Scrymser has
been Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board of
Managers since the organization of the Garden, and by his
acceptance of the office of Treasurer continues and supplements
his valuable services to the institution.
Professor R. A. Harper has given to the Garden his collection
of California fungi consisting of 232 numbers, made during the
winter and spring of 191 1, while he was at the University of
California. A large majority of the specimens are polypores or
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36
gill-fungi. The latter are also represented by a collection of
about 60 excellent photographs secured by Professor Harper
some years ago at Berkeley.
Among recent visitors at the Garden were Dr. Charles Brooks,
of New Hampshire State Agricultural College, Dr. Mel. T. Cook,
of Rutgers College, New Jersey, and J. M. Greenman, assistant
curator in the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago.
In house no. 4, conservatory range i, on a post near one of the
columns, is a woody vine, now in bloom, known to botanists
as Norantea guianensis. This is growing vigorously, its long
rambling branches reaching out in all directions for support,
following its native habit of growing on trees. On the end of
some of these branches is a long inflorescence, looking at a dis-
tance like a thick red rod. A closer inspection, however, will
reveal that this is made up of numerous rather insignificant
flowers, borne mainly upon the upper side of tke axis, each pedicel
bearing at its apex a pendulous body over an inch long. This is
attached by a short slender stalk, the remaining portion being a
curved hollow cylinder. This organ is technically known as a
bract, and it is these bracts which make the inflorescence so
conspicuous and showy. Their use to the plant is problematic.
This vine is a native of Guiana and northern Brazil, and is
one of the fourteen species comprising the genus Norantea^ all
with the exception of one species on the island of Guadeloupe»
confined to tropical continental America, the greater number
being peculiar to Brazil. They are either trees or vines with
spirally arranged leaves. The flowers are inconspicuous, as
compared with the large showy bracts, which are either saccate
or spoon-shaped.
The genus Norantea is one of five genera comprising the
Marcgraviaceae, a family of plants confined to the tropics of
America. Most of the other species belong to the genus Marc-
gravia^ also mainly confined to the tropics of continental America.
Of the sixteen known species three are found in the West Indies.
One of these, M. oUgandra^ is confined to Cuba, another, M.
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37
Sintenisii, is known only from Porto Rico, and the third, M.
umbellata, occurs in both the West Indies and Brazil. Specimens
of the two last mentioned will be found at conservatory range 2.
These are sometimes known as the West Indian ivy, from the
habit of the sterile branches clinging closely to the bark of trees,
or to the faces of cliffs, much after the manner of the ivies of
temperate regions. — Geo, V. Nash,
Meteorology for January. — ^The total precipitation recorded
for the month was 2.44 inches of which 1.25 inches fell as snow.
Maximum temperatures were recorded of 53° on the 23d, 49°
on the 19th, and 42° on the 3d and 9th. Minimum temperatures
were recorded of —6° on the 12th, 3° on the i6th, 5° on the 7th
and 5.5° on the 28th.
ACCESSIONS.
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM.
1,083 specimens from western Cuba. (Collected by Mr. Percy Wilson.)
65 museum specimens of marine algae from California. (Collected by Mr. H. B.
Snyder.)
2 specimens of mosses from the Everglades, Florida. (By exchange with Mr.
George B. Kaiser.)
1 specimen of Thelia hirteUa from Greencastle, Indiana. (By exchange with
Professor Howard J. Banker.)'
200 specimens "Fungi Columbian!," fascicles 35 and 36. (Distributed by Mr.
Elam Bartholomew.)
5 specimens of ferns from tropical America. (By exchange with Mr. C. Bel.-
hette.)
2 specimens of Oenothera grandiflora from Alabama. (By exchange with Pro-
fessor Bradley M. Davis.)
12 specimens of mosses from North America. (By exchange with the United
States National Museum.)
72 specimens from British Columbia and the Hudson Bay region. (By ex-
change with the Geological Survey of Canada.)
3,748 specimens from western Cuba. (Collected by Dr. John A. Shafer.)
40 specimens of mosses from the Southern States. (Given by Dr. John K.
SmaU.)
148 specimens from New Mexico and Arizona. (By exchange with the United
States National Museum.)
37 specimens of hepatics. (By exchange with Mr. Franz Stephani.)
25 specimens of fungi from Lafayette, Indiana. (By exchange with Professor
J. C. Arthur.)
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38
20 specimens of fungi from the Isle of Pines. (By exchange with the Carnegie
Museum.)
8 specimens of fungi from North Carolina. (By exchange with Mr. E. R.
Memminger.)
2 specimens of fungi from Toronto, Canada. (By exchange with Mr. Thomas
Langton.)
1 specimen of Hapalopilus gilvus from California. (By exchange with Pro-
fessor C. F. Baker.)
4 specimens of polypores from Trinidad. (By exchange with Mr. J. B. Rorer.)
3 specimens of fleshy fungi from Hope Gardens, Jamaica. (Given by Mr.
WiUiam Harris.)
2 specimens of fungi from Colorado. (Given by Professor Ellsworth Bethel.)
I specimen of Calyptospora Goeppertiana from Oregon. (Given by Dr. H. D.
House.)
4 specimens of fungus from Seattle, Washington. (By exchange with Mr. S. M,
Zeller.)
35 specimens, *' Ascomycetes," fascicle 49. (Distributed by Dr. Heinrich Rehm.)
1 specimen of Stictis radiata from Ohio. (By exchange with Dr. Bruce Fink.)
PLANTS AND SEEDS.
2 orchids for the conservatories. (By exchange with Mr. J. A. Manda.)
2 palms. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
40 Cuban plants. (Collected by Dr. J. A. Shafer.)
14 cactuses. (By exchange with U. S. National Museum, through Dr. J. N.
Rose.)
114 orchids. (By exchange with Messrs. Lager & Hurrell.)
4 plants derived from seed.
4 packets Mexican seed. (Given by Dr. Francis C. Nicholas.)
I packet of Cuban seed. (Given by Brother lAon.)
I packet of seed of Aloe hereroensis. (By exchange with Dr. Paul Range.)
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^^^^^^^B /Dembera ^^^^^^^H
^V Edward D* Asams,
^^^^^^^^^^H
^H John D. Archbold,
David ^^^^^^^^^^M
^^^^ Geo KGB F. Bakek,
Edgar U Marston, ^^^^^^^|
^^^H £UG£NE P. BlCKNCL,
W. J. Matheson. ^^^I
^^^^ GCORGE S. BOWDOIK,
Ogden Mills, ^^^^^
^^^^ Pkof. N* L. BeittoNp
J. PiERPONT Morgan, ^^^^H
^^^H Hojt, Addisok Btowir,
Theodore W. Myers, ^^^^|
^^^^ Prof. Edw. S. Bukgess,
FREDERtC R. NeWBOLD, ^^^^|
^H Dr. Nicholas M. Butlee,
Prop. Henrv F. Osborn, ^^^^|
^H Andkcw Carkegik,
Lowell M. Palmer, ^^^^|
^^K Pbof. C F. Chandler,
George W. Perkins, ^^^^|
^^^H William G. Choate.
Henry Pbifps, ^^^H
^^^H Paul D. Cravath,
James R. Pitcrer, ^^^^^
^^^H W. Bayaiu) Currif^G,
^^H
^^^H Ci^vELAKD H, Dodge.
John D, Rockefeller, ^^^^H
^^^H A. F. ESTASBOOK.
William RocitEFELLER, ^^^H
^^^^B H. C Fahkestock,
Prof, H. H. Rusby, ^^^^^
^^^^B Samuel W, Fairchild,
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, ^^^^H
^^^^B James B, Ford,
Jacob H. Schipp, ^^^^M
^^^^B Henry W. dk Forest^
Mortimer L. Schifp, ^^^^H
^^^^H Robert W. de Forest*
James A. Scrymser, ^^^^H
^^^H Prof, W. J. Gt£S,
Isaac N* Seligman, ^^^^H
^^^H Prof. R, A. Harper,
Henry A* Stebrecht, ^^^^H
^^^^H Edward S. Harkness,
William D, Sloane, ^^^^B
^^^^H h, Heckscber,
Nelson Smith. ^^^H
^^^H Henry R. Hovt,
James Sfeyer, ^^^^I
^^^H Thos. H. Hubbarj),
Francis L. Stetson, ^^^^|
^^^^H Adrian Iselin, Jr.,
Charles G* Thompson, ^^^^^
^^^H Walter B. Jennings,
Dr. W. GiLMAN TH0MP«6it ^^^^1
^^^^B John L Kane,
Samuel Thorne, ^^^^H
^^^^1 Eugene Kelly, Jb.,
Myles Tierney, ^^^^H
^^^H Prop. James F. Kemp,
Louis C Tiffany, ^^^^H
^^^H Edw. V. Z, Lane,
George W» Vanderbilt, ^^^^|
^^^^1 Prop. Frederic S. Ln,
W. K. Vandebbilt, ^^^^H
^^^^^^L Hon. Egexton L.
WiNTHROr, Jr. ^^^H
^^^^^B
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^^^^^H^^^^i^^B^^I
PUBI^ICATIONS
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New Toik BotaMeal Oardazii monthly, illusimted, con-
taining notes, and non- technical articles of general interest. Free to members of the
Garden. To others, lo cents a copy; $i.0O a year. Now in its thirteenth volume.
Myoologta, bimonthly^ illustrated in color and otherwise ; devoted to fungi,
including lichens ; containing technical articles and news and notes of general in-
terest, I3.00 a year ; single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now
in its fourth volume.
BulletlB of the New York Botanical Gardes, containing the annual reports
of the Director-in Chief and other official documentSp and technical arlicles embodytng
results of investigations carrie<! out in the Garden. Free to all members of the
Garden ; to others, I3.C1O per volume. Now In its eighth volume.
North Amerlcati Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America,
including Greenland, the VVcst Indies and Central America. Planned to be cora-
pletL'd in 32 volumes. Roy. Svo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts.
Subscription price, $1.50 per part ; a limited number of separate parts will be sold
for $2 00 each, [Nol offered in exchange.]
Vol. 3, part I, 1910. Ncctriaceae — Fimeta.riaceae,
VoL 7, part i, 1 9061 part 2, 1907. Ustilagiuaceae — Aecidiaceae (pars).
Vol. 9, parts I and i, 1907? p»^rt 3, 1910. Polyporaceae — Agaricaceae (pArs),
( Parts I and 2 no longer sold separately. )
Vol. i6» part I, 190Q. Ophioglossaceae — Cyatheaceae (pars).
Vol. 17, part I, 1909. Typhaceae — ^I'oaceae (pars).
Vol. 22, parts I and a, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 190S. Podosteroonaceae — Rosaceae
(pars)*
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 191 1. Geraniaceae — Burseraceac.
Memolre of the New York Botanical Garden, Price to members of the
Garden, $1.00 per volume. To others, ^2.00, [Not offered in exchange.]
Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Velio wstooe
Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix -f 492 pp.» with detailed map, 1900,
Vol. II, The Influence of Light and DarkneiS ujx)n Growth and Development,
by D. T. MacDougal. xvi -f- 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1 903,
VoL 111, Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New
York, by Arthur Hollick and Edward Charles Jeffrey, viii + 138 pp., with 29
plates. 1909,
Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager.
viii -}- 27S pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1 908.
ContrlbutionB from the New York Botanical Garden, A series of tech*
nical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals
Other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. 85.00 per volume. Five volumes.
RBCBNT NUfiCBBRS 25 CENTS BACH.
146. Phycological Studies— V. Some Marine Algae of Lower California,
Mexico, by Marshall A. Howe.
147. Studies of West Indian Plants— IV, by N. L. Britton.
148. List of Plants CoJlected on the Peary Arctic Expedition of 1905-06, etc*,
by P. A. Rydberg.
NEW York Botanical Gardem
Bhonx Pauk, New yomtc 6itv
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Vol. XIII
JULY, 1912
Mo. 151
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
FRED J. SEAVER
Curator
CONTENTS
WUa PlanU Weeding Protection.— ni» Wild Pink (6V/.^
Wliit«r-EUlms of E^ergreena
Noles, News and Comment ,
Accessions ..,.....,.
PAGI
/inhtta Walt.) .109
......*« no
. . I2C
r ,.,.... Ill
Published for the Gardcm
At 41 North Qcfkcm STsBrr, Lakcastbh, Pa
•T Tnm New Era PiuirrrnQ ComrAww
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Google
Orimohjrs 1912.
President— HON, ADDISON BROWN,
VtCB-PRESiDENT-=-ANDREW CARNEGIE,
Trkasureb^JAMES A, SCRYMSER,
Secretaby— DR. N. L. BRIXTON.
BO^RD OF- IVI/VNAGRRS,
1. ELECTED MANAGERS.
Term expiree January, 1913.
THOMAS H. HUBBARD, /. PIERPONT MORGAN,
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON. GEORGE W. PERKINS.
MYLES TIERNEY.
Tcnn expires Jaitnary, 1914.
EDWARD D. ADAMS, ROBERT W. oe FOREST.
ADDISON BROWN. JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Terin cxplret Janaary. 1915.
N. L. BRITTON, JOHN I, KANE,
ANDREW CARNEGIE, W. J. MATHESON,
W. GTLMAN THOMPSON,
2, EX-0FFIG10 MANAGERS.
Tas President op the Department of Public Parks,
HON, CHARLES B. STOVER.
The Mayor op the City of New York,
HON. WILLIAM J. GAYNOR.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
PROF. H. H. RUSBY. Chairman.
PROF. EDWARD S, BURGESS. PROR R. A. HARPER,
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER. PROF, JAMES F, KEMP.
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES. PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE.
HON. E. L. WINTHROP. Jr.
Oji^i^osk Starr.
DR. N, L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief. (Development. Administralion,)
DR. W. A, MURRILL. -Assistant Director. (Administration.)
DR. JOHN K, SMALL. Head Curator of the M%tseums, (Flowering Plants.)
DR. P, A. RYDBERG, Citraior. (Floweringr Plants.)
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE. Curator. (Flowcrlcss Plants.)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator. (Flowerless Plants,)
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK. Curator. (Fossil Plants,)
ROBERT S, WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant.
PERCY WILSON, ^Assistant Curator,
DR. C. B. ROBINSON, Assistant Curator.
GEORGE V, NASH. Head Gardener,
DR. A. B, STOUT. Director of the Laboratories,
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART. Librarian.
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections^
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses,
DR. WILLIAM J, GIES, Consuiting Chemist,
COL. F. A SCHILLING. Museum Custodian,
JOHN R. BRINLEY. Landscape Engineer,
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant.
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds.
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Journal of the New York Botanical Garden.
Plate XCV.
SPRING BEAUTY.
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JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vol. XIII June. 1912. No. 150.
WILD PLANTS NEEDING PROTECTION.*
2. "Spring Beauty" {Claytonia virginica L.).
(With Plate XCV.)
In wet meadows, on grassy banks and even shady woodlands
the Spring Beauty covers the ground in May with quantities of
white flowers. It blooms consecutively for two or three weeks,
opening a new blossom each day, gradually lengthening out its
racemes, till sometimes they have borne as many as fifteen flowers.
These measure half an inch or more across, have five white or
pale pink petals, veined with rose-color; the stamens are five
with pink anthers, and the style is three-lobed. There are two
fleshy spreading sepals and the pedicels lengthen gradually from
one half to an inch in length and become reflexed as the three-
angled capsule matures. Half-way down the stem below the
raceme, two narrow fleshy leaves, three or four inches long,
clasp the stem, and a few basal ones arise from the large tuberous
root which is buried rather deeply in the ground. Usually only
the flowering stems are picked, so that the plant survives, but
it will make no seed and stand little chance of spreading. The
seeds are brown, reniform, slightly roughened, and the embryo
is curved.
The Spring Beauty was named by Linnaeus in 1753 in honor
of John Clayton, an American botanist and correspondent, who
wrote, in 1743, a flora of Virginia. It was first figured by Plu-
kenet in his Phytographia in 169 1. There are about twenty-five
> Illustrated by the aid of the Stokes Fund for the Preservation of Native Plants.
91
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species of Claytonia known to grow in northern North America,
of which three occur in the eastern United States, one of these
with broader leaves, C. caroliniana Michx.i having about the
same range as C, virginica, from Nova Scotia southward along
the Alleghanies to Georgia and Texas.
They belong to the Purslane family, or Portulacaceae, with
which they agree in their fleshy leaves, and flowers that bloom
for a short time. The family is a large one, but the plants are
usually small, few of them with showy flowers like Portulaca
grandiflora^ which occasionally escapes from cultivation.
Elizabeth G. Brixton.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN ORIENTE, CUBA.
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: Embarking from New York November 15, 1910, 1 arrived
at Antilla November 21. Crossing Nipe Bay next morning to
Preston, there to await the uncertain arrival of the coast-wise
steamer to Baracoa, which was reached on the evening of Novem-
ber 25, I soon found myself comfortably installed in the house
of my good friend and fellow-townsman, Mr. Charles Rees, of the
Piloto Mining Company.
Owing to the heavy rains of an unusually late rainy season,
the trails were all but impassable, and the streams frequently
unfordable, so that no satisfactory arrangement could be made
for the establishment of a base on El Yunque, and I concluded it
would be more practicable to go there afoot with the least equipage
possible. Leaving Baracoa at noon, accompanied by two stout
boys, wading Rio Duaba, thence to and up the narrow but very
fertile valley of Arroyo Henequen, which stream it was necessary
to cross twenty-one times before reaching the bohio of a tenant on
Tabajo, we reached the finca of Mr. W. H. Bemis, situated high up
in the foothills and close to the base of El Yunque. Some collec-
tions were made along the aforementioned arroyo and in the hills
before nightfall. As it rained heavily during the night, my host,
who was also to be my guide, informed me next morning that it
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would be impracticable to go to the summit for several days;
consequently the morning was spent in collecting among the
foothills, but as it still continued to rain, thus decreasing the
prospects of an early ascent, and as the intervening streams
would respond accordingly and probably make it impossible to
return to Baracoa when desired, it seemed best to return at once.
On the way back we found that Rio Duaba had risen considerably
and was unfordable afoot. Fortunately a friendly Cuban with
a mule happened along and assisted us in crossing and Baracoa
was reached about dusk.
Through the kindly offices of Mr. J. G. Diesend, of the Baracoa
Fruit Company, passage was secured to Rio Yamuri on a passing
fruit steamer during the night of December 5. Here I was
welcomed by Mr. Thomas Forrestal, of the Banana Elevator
Company, whose kindly hospitality and wise guidance greatly
facilitated my work among the high coastal cliffs and deep river
gorge in the vicinity, also the region eastward to Cape Maisi,
from which I returned by a more southerly route to Rio Yamuri
and finally, after a delay of some three days due to flooded
streams, returned overland to Baracoa, passing through Mata,
a small hamlet situated on a beautiful little bay of the same
name. This is undoubtedly the Mata referred to by Charles
Wright in a letter to Dr. Asa Gray from Baracoa.
On December 18, I started on another and more successful
attempt to reach the summit of El Yunque, which was accom-
plished the following day, but as there was attractive collecting
all the way up, there was little opportunity to explore much of
the top, which is flat and mostly covered with a second growth
of shrubbery, having been a caffetal previous to the Ten Years
War.
Another opportunity to get into the Sierra de Moa region,
from which so much interesting material was secured the previous
winter, presented itself on December 22, Mr. Rees having invited
me to accompany him to Camp La Gloria of the Piloto mining
properties. The trip westward along the north coast by a small
motor boat to a point on Moa Bay was a very rough one, but
the route into the mountains was over a much better trail than
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that traversed a year ago. The heavy rains, however, together with
the traffic of pack animals, had played such havoc that we were
frequently compelled to dismount and finally it was necessary
to abandon our mounts before camp was reached just about
dusk the following day. The camp was situated by a small
stream on an irregular plateau lying between the mountain
range and Rio Yaguani at an altitude of about 2,500 feet. It
was in charge of Mr. E. La Londe, assisted by Mr. W. H. Bemis,
whose kindly interest in our work I had experienced on former
occasions. The camp was conducted according to American
standard of comfort, in so far as that was possible under the
adverse conditions encountered, and they did all that was in
their power to aid me during the eight days that I remained
there. The region is covered with a dense growth of shrubs and
small trees, a few large trees occurring along the streams. There
is also an occasional old pine tree, apparently the remnant of an-
ancient forest, younger pine trees occurring only along some of
the mountain sides. There is little or no soil, but the surface is
covered with a. water-soaked mat of moss and humus; trunks
and branches are generally enveloped in moss also. Beneath
this is a layer of earthy Hmonite (iron ore) deposited upon the
foundation of serpentine rock. The object of the camp was to
ascertain the depth of this deposit and estimate the quantity
of ore available. This was done by drilling to rock bottom at
the intersection of parallel lines one kilometer apart running at
right angles and as every third one of these was cut through the
jungle, this afforded access to an otherwise inaccessible area*
Most of the collecting was done along these trochas, but the
mountain sides were examined on the way to the camp and again
on my return to the coast. A very rocky stream was also
visited and its course examined for some distance. Incidentally,
I got as far east as to site Camp San Benito, visited last winter*
The little clearing was covered with a dense growth of fireweed
(Erigeron) and small-fruited tomatoes. On this occasion Mr*
La Londe accompanied me and we were overtaken by rain and
nightfall several miles from camp on a rough and rocky trocha
with the dismal prospects of spending the night in the bush in
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misery. This, however, was obviated by one of the searching
parties with lanterns, etc., sent out from camp to find us, but
it was well toward midnight before we reached camp.
I left Camp La Gloria January i, 191 1, in a drenching rain,
and, as it had been raining during most of my stay, the trail
became all but impassable, so that of the seven mules starting
for the coast that morning but four reached it; the others becom-
ing exhausted were abandoned at various grassy plots along the
trail. It was nearly dark when the storage canip on the coast
was reached, and I was informed that the small sailboat which
was to take me back to Baracoa had arrived a short time before
and was anchored in the bay. Next morning the weather con-
ditions were such that the captain would not venture out to sea
that day or the following day, thus giving me an opportunity
to examine the vegetation along the shore of Moa Bay. The
coastal formation is of conglomerate limonite or iron stone and,
to my great surprise, carried with it the vegetation known to
me heretofore only from the mountains; thus tree-ferns grew
within fifty feet of salt water and many mountain shrubs almost
touched an occasional mangrove, Khizophora^ which occurred
very sparingly at this point.
E^rly next morning our little craft ventured out and beat ita
way eastward with difficulty, reaching Taco Bay, the protection
of which we sought for the night; Baracoa was reached late in
the afternoon of January 5. My anxiety as to the condition of
the moisture-laden specimens was greatly relieved when I found
that they were in good condition. It required about a week of
constant attention to get the material properly dried under the
adverse weather conditions. The driers were kept dry and
warm by a process new to me, Lizzie, the cook, having suggested
the bake-oven as the proper medium to secure the desired results.
In the meantime, I succumbed to an attack of a low, enervating
fever, which wholly incapacitated me for about ten days and
left me in no condition to attempt the contemplated trip overland
to Guantanamo, which I was informed was very tedious and
difficult and would take over a week's time. But as I desired
very much to collect across the island, I arranged with a boatman,
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who was to sail around to Guantanamo, to take my luggage to
that place and to stop at the town of Imias on the south coast
and pick me up, I having intended to cross over on foot con-
suming several days to collect along the route, but when the time
came for doing this, the boat-man insisted on postponing the
trip for a week; to this I could not agree, so this scheme was also
abandoned. As there was a coast-wise steamer for Guantanamo
in three or four days, I concluded to make the trip, at least
as far as Bermejal, well across the divide near which there is
said to be a grove of Juniperus^ specimens of which it is very
desirous to obtain, as the relationship of this Cuban tree is not
well understood. This was attempted on January 30, going on
horseback to Sabanilla, after experiencing considerable difficulty
in crossing the swollen waters of Rio Miel. From here I pro-
ceeded into the hills afoot, up a very muddy and difficult trail
until after dark before coming to the shack of a friend of the
Cubano I had with me. Here I swung my hammock for the
night. Next morning the weather conditions were by no means
encouraging, and it was with difficulty that I secured an addi-
tional man to accompany me. The weather turned out to be
worse than predicted, heavy rains and cold winds continuing
all day, so that progress was slow and collecting difficult. It
was after three o'clock before the next shack was seen. This we
entered for shelter and as we had taken no rations with us, we
were glad to partake of the meager food that the occupants
provided. In lieu of coflfee they served a concoction of the
leaves of some zinziberaceous plant, well sweetened and very hot.
This the woman assured me was very good for colds and to
prevent fever, which (as said by these people) is sure to follow
such exposure as we had passed through unless some precaution
is taken. No further attempt was made to proceed. We re-
mained here until the next day, building a fire in the open room,
in which we swung our hammock, to keep warm during the night.
Realizing that it would be impossible to proceed fufther and
hoping to return to Baracoa in time to catch the steamer which
was due the next day, we started back in the morning, progress
being impeded by the illness of one of the men; and it was with
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difficulty that we reached the home of his friend, where I hired
two mules, divided our water-soaked collections, and proceeded
to Baracoa, arriving there late at night. The region passed
through is a very rough one after leaving Sabanilla, between
which and Baracoa a good road leads up the valley of Rio Miel,
through a gravelly and conglomerate region. The hills south
of Sabanilla are of serpentine formation, reaching, an altitude of
about i,ooo feet; many of the higher ones are covered with
earthy, red limonite supporting groves of Pinus cubensis. South
of the divide the soil is light-yellow, containing numerous small
angular particles of milky-white quartz and supporting a rich
vegetation.
On the evening of the next day, I embarked for Guantanamo,
reaching the port of Caimanera on the morning of February 3 and
Guantanamo that evening. The next day being Sunday, I could
not get my baggage until Monday morning. I occupied the time
until February 6 in drying the wet material brought from Baracoa
and making arrangements to get into the hills to the northward.
In the latter, our very good friend, Mr. Theodore Brooks,
aided me greatly.
Leaving Guantanamo in the morning with a guide, two horses,
and a pack animal, I arrived at La Perla, an extensive coffee
estate in the prosperous times before the Ten Years War and
adjoining Monte Verde, another coffee estate, famed as being
the eastern headquarters of Mr. Charles Wright. The region is
one of limestone, and virgin forests abound. The old caffetals
have also become reforested with coffee, pimento, various species
of Citrus and an occasional Morus, prominent members of the sec-
ond growth. The altitude is about 2,000 feet; the atmosphere is
very humid and it is said to rain about three hundred days in
the year. Ferns, orchids, and Peperomias abound everywhere
and the forest floor is covered with a luxuriant growth. There
are large groves of Palma Bobo, Euturpe sp. The high and
extensive limestone cliffs known as the Farallones de La Perla,
with its various and peculiar exposures, supported a rich and
interesting flora. A small area of serpentine formation a few
miles northward is covered by a pine-land flora. Monte Verde
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itself is very hilly and contains much old pasture-land of no
great botanical interest. In the ruins of the old stone mansion
in which Wright lived, several large trees are now growing and
the walls are covered with a great variety of ferns. The falls of
Rio Palenque, also known as Monte Verde Falls, were visited
and some interesting collecting was had in the rich tropical
forest above the falls. The deep gorge below the falls, which
is cut through a peculiar stratified formation the like of which
I had not heretofore seen in Cuba, no doubt affords plant species
unusually encountered elsewhere. It was impracticable, however,
to make an examination of it at this time. My stay of about
ten days in this region was under unusually favorable circum-
stances, as my host, Mr. Charles Maurel, not only provided me
with unusual comforts, but took the greatest interest in my work
and accompanied me on most of the excursions made in this
prolific region. We secured an unusually large number of
specimens in spite of the almost constantly rainy weather
encountered while there.
I returned to Guantanamo, February 28, with a large lot of
damp or wet material which required several days to dry and
make ready for shipment to Santiago. Here, Mr. Jennings S.
Cox, Jr., of the Spanish American Iron Company, supplied me
with much valuable information concerning some of the places
visited by previous botanists. He also advised me as to the
most advantageous route to reach the summit of Gran Piedra, the
high mountain lying some distance east of Santiago and reported
to have an altitude of 5,000 feet, which, however, is probably
somewhat exaggerated. Gran Piedra was approached by way
of Firmeza, which was reached by the railroad of the Juragua
Iron Company, whose mines are situated there. Passage on
the railroad and accommodations at the officers' clubhouse were
kindly provided for me by Mr. De Beruirn Whitaker, vice-
president and general manager of the company, and the various
officials at the mines advised and entertained me while at Firmeza.
^I started for the mountain top on the morning of February 4
with a very indifferent guide and a boy, going up steep grassy
hillsides. Mango in stunted form is frequent and about the only
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tree met with, as it is very dry for the first 2,000 feet of elevation,
after which the ravines become more interesting, frequently
have water in them, and tree-ferns and other moisture-loving
plants become more numerous as the altitude increases. The
tree-fern, of which there are several species, is quite abundant
about the summit, especially on the north side of some of the
lower ridges. The big rock was reached late in the afternoon
and a considerable collection was secured by nightfall. The night
was spent under an overhanging rock, which afforded protection
from rain and wind, but it was necessary to build a fire to keep
comfortable. Collecting was resumed shortly after daybreak
next morning in a dense fog and a dripping vegetation, and many
kinds of ferns, orchids, and other plants that I had not seen
elsewhere were secured. I started on the descent about one
o'clock, collecting on the way down through the upper and
moister region, reaching Firmeza shortly after dark with all the
party well loaded with plants, but regretting that I had not made
arrangements providing for several days* stay at the summit.
Monday morning I returned to Santiago, dried and packed my
material, and left for Antilla, from which port I embarked,
arriving in New York on the morning of March 15, 191 1.
Respectfully submitted,
J. A. Shafer.
JACQUIN'S SELECTARUM STIRPIUM HISTORIA
ICONIBUS PICTIS.
Through the liberality of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the library
of the New York Botanical Garden has been able to secure a
copy of what is undoubtedly the most valuable single volume in
modem botanical literature, that is, in the botanical literature
of the last one hundred and fifty years. It is of especial value
to the New York Botanical Garden, in view of the systematic
botanical exploration of the West Indies by this institution for
some years past, in that it is devoted exclusively to the plants of
the Antillean region and adjacent South America.
In the year 1752, Nicolaus Joseph Jacquin, then 25 years of
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age, went to Vienna to complete his medical education. He was
already an enthusiastic student of natural history, especially
botany, and attracted the attention of the emporor, who com-
missioned him to visit the West Indies for the purpose of collect-
ing materials for the imperial cabinet. With several assistants,
he spent about four years (1755-59) i" carrying out this task,
collecting a large amount of material, especially plants, both
living and dried. The year following his return he published a
brief enumeration of the plants observed which were either new
or otherwise noteworthy; this was followed in 1763 by a folio
work in which were given full descriptions of the plants men-
tioned in the earlier enumeration, and copper-plate illustrations
of many of them.
Our recent acquisition is a later edition of the last-mentioned
work, issued without title-page date in 1780 or 1781, in which
the text has been entirely revised, and instead of 183 copper-
plates there are 264 colored plates copied entirely by hand from
the author's original paintings. The work is beautifully done,
and a number of species are illustrated which did not appear
on the plates of the first edition.
Of this work with hand-painted plates the edition is stated by
different authorities as 12 or 18 copies, and of course it has always
been extremely scarce. A copy was sold in 181 8 for about
$400.00, and probably not more than two or three have changed
hands since that time; it is not unlikely that ours was the last
to remain in private hands. There are copies in Vienna, Berlin,
G5ttingen, Dresden, the library of the British Museum, and the
Library of Congress at Washington; but there is none at Kew,
and it is possible that ours is the only copy in a strictly botanical
library.
John H. Barn hart.
SPRING AND SUMMER FLOWER SHOWS.
The floral exhibitions of The Horticultural Society of New
York, given in co5peration with the Garden, were inaugurated
with the exhibition of May eleventh and twelfth. A special
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exhibition was held on May twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth, con-
sisting primarily of a large display of lilacs by Mr. T. A. Have-
meyer. The exhibition for June occurred on the eighth and
ninth, and the regular July exhibition will also be held this year
in June, on the twenty-ninth and thirtieth. There will therefore
be no regular exhibition in July, and that for August will occur
toward the end of the month. The exhibitions are held in
the halls devoted to paleobotany on the ground floor of the
Museum building. The prizes at these exhibitions are offered
by the New York Botanical Garden, and are awarded through
the exhibition committee of the council of The Horticultural
Society of New York.
The flowers exhibited, after delighting the many who come to
view them, are donated at the conclusion of the exhibitions
to hospitals and other similar institutions, thus giving many more,
unable to attend, the opportunity of seeing these beautiful
products of the art of the horticulturist.
At the exhibition on May ii and 12, prizes were offered for
collections of the flowers of shrubs and trees, herbaceous plants,
bulbs, and for wild flowers and other plants. The F. R. Pierson
Co. took the first prize for the classes of shrubs and trees, Mr.
T. A. Havemeyer, A. Lahodny, gardener, taking the second.
Mr. Havemeyer took the first prize for a collection of narcissus.
For a collection of wild flowers, the first prize went to Mr. E. B.
Southwick, who also secured a special prize for an interesting
collection of the English daisy, Bellis perennis. Special prizes
were also awarded as follows: Lager & Hurrell, for orchids; Jas.
A. Macdonald, Richard Wagner, gardener, for gloxinias; L. C.
Tiffany, John Miller, gardener, for four plants of self-colored
calceolarias; Adolph Lewisohn, John Canning, gardener, for
three excellent plants of Calceolaria kybrida.
The exhibition of May 25 and 26 had for its main feature a
large display of lilacs, over sixty kinds, exhibited by Mr. T. A.
Havemeyer, who has a very large collection of these delightful
shrubs at his place at Glen Head, Long Island. The gem of this
display was Mad. Antoine Buchner, with its lavender buds,
opening to a white, daintily flushed with rose. Its flower clusters
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are large and well-formed, its color clear and crisp, and the
foliage perfect. Among others, the following were especially
noteworthy: Dame Blanche and Miss Ellen Willmott, pure
white, double; Montaigne, white flushed with lilac; Sieboldi, with
creamy white buds, opening almost white, with just a faint in-
dication of cream; Montgolfier, dull lilac, the involute margins
exposing the paler outer surface, giving the flowers a margined
appearance; Cristophe Colomb, pale lavender, large clusters;
Edmund Boissier, large flowers of deep bright lilac; Reaumer,
bright lilac, full clusters; Milton, deep lilac; Pasteur, deep bright
lilac; Monument Carnot, almost a light blue; Volcan, full clusters
of deep bright lilac flowers; and Negro, deep red purple. Mr.
Havemeyer also made large exhibits of the flowers of shrubs
and trees, azaleas, and of tree peonies. An interesting exhibit
was a seedling hybrid of the tree peony, Paeonia Moutan, with
Paeonia lutea, decorative in its fully double flowers, the petals
yellow, ruby at the base.
Mr. John Lewis Childs exhibited an attractive vase of Glddiolus
Panama, the flowers a bright pink; also vases of Silver Sheen
and Niagara, of the same genus. The New York Botanical
Garden arranged an exhibit of trees and shrubs, herbaceous
plants, and tulips.
The exhibition held on June 8 and 9 was the largest ever
given by the Society during the summer. The largest exhibitor
here was again Mr. Havemeyer. The most attractive feature
of this exhibition was a large and magnificent display of her-
baceous peonies made by him. Over two hundred vases were
shown, containing over twelve hundred blooms. There were
many delightful things among these, ranging all the way from
the purest white, through pink and rose, to the deepest crimson,
and in every form, from the single flower, with its center of
yellow stamens, to the large fully double ones in which the
stamens were entirely replaced with petals. This collection
entirely filled one of the center tables, and also considerable
floor space.
The first prize was awarded to Mr. Havemeyer for the largest
and best collection of these flowers, not less than six flowers of
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each variety; his display contained about one hundred and
ninety vases. The first prize also went to him for the best six
flowers each of white, light pink, rose and crimson varieties,
and for the best collection of singles, three flowers of each. The
F. R. Pierson Co. took second in all of these.
Being a little too early for roses, only three entries were made
in this class. Gen. E. A. McAlpin, J. Woodstock, gardener,
took first prize with a choice collection of sixty-five varieties, the
second prize going to Mr. H. Darlington, P. W. Popp, gardener,
for a collection of fifty-nine varieties. A large collection of
flowering shrubs and trees secured the first prize for Mr. Have-
meyer, A. Lahodny, gardener, the second going to Mrs. F. A.
Constable, Jas. Stuart, gardener. Among the notable things in
the collection of Mr. Havemeyer were some charming forms of
the genus Philadelphus, commonly known as mock orange or
syringa: Lemoine's Glory, with large striking flowers; Mer de
Glace; Coquette; Manteau d'Hermine, very graceful and florifer-
ous. Another pleasing plant was an azalea with pure white
crowded flowers, delightfully fragrant. It resembled a compact
form of Azalea viscosa.
The first prize for the best collection of rhododendrons and aza-
leas, or either, went to the F. R. Pierson Co., for a fine display of
rhododendrons, the second being secured by Mr. Havemeyer.
The class of herbaceous plants was not well represented, the
single collection taking the first prize for Mr. Henry Siegel, Thos.
Aitchison, gardener. Of irises, there were several entries. A
large collection of fine flowers, some ninety odd vases, brought
the first prizes to Mr. Havemeyer; a smaller collection of
twenty-seven vases, of fine flowers, gave the second prize to
Mrs. F. A. Constable.
While there was not a large exhibit of orchids, there were some
very choice plants displayed. Lager & Hurrell took the first
prize for the best six orchid plants, six varieties. For three orchid
plants, three varieties, the first prize went to the same parties,
the second to Mr. Clement Moore, J. P. Mossman, gardener. A
superb plant of CaUleya Gigas gave the first prize for the best
single orchid plant to Mr. Moore, an unusual form of the same
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species securing second prize for Lager & Hurrell. Mr. Moore
also took first prize for a collection of cut orchids.
A ^special prize was awarded to Mr. Henry Siegel for Lilium
micraphyllum, a recent introduction from China by Mr. Wilson,
and exhibited in May at the International Flower Show in
London. Other special prizes were awarded as follows: Mrs.
F. A. Constable, for vases of campanulas; John Lewis Childs,
for a collection of yellow callas; H. Darlington, for a collection
of gladiolus and sweet peas.
An attractive display of herbaceous peonies and of flowering
shrubs and trees was made by the Garden.
George V. Nash.
SUMMER LECTURES, 1912.
Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of the Museum
Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, on Saturday afternoons, at
four o'clock, as follows:
July 6. '' The Botanical Exploration of Cuba,'' by Dr. N. L.
Brit ton.
July 13. *' Aquatic Flowering Plants," by Dr. John H. Barn-
hart.
July 20. '* Fossil Plants and Their Significance," by Dr.
Arthur Hollick.
July 27. *' Some Floral Features of Southern Florida," by
Dr. Marshall A. Howe.
August 3. '* Indian Agriculture," by Dr. A. B. Stout.
August 10. '' City Trees: Their Planting and Protection,"
by Mr. Carl Bannwart.
August 17. *' Exploring the Pacific Coast — H. Washington
to (Jregon," by Dr. W. A. Murrill.
August 24. *' Grasses and Some of Their Uses," by Mr.
George V. Nash.
August 31. *' Exploring the Pacific Coast — HL Oregon to
California," by Dr. W. A. Murrill.
September 7. '' Plant Parasites and Some Means of Con-
trolling Them," by Dr. F. J. Seaver.
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The lectures, which occupy an hour, will be illustrated by
lantern slides and otherwise. The doors will be closed at 4:05,
and opened again at 4:15 to admit those arriving late.
The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of
the New York Central and Hudson River Railway to Botanical
Garden Station, by trolley cars to Bedford Park, or by the
Third Avenue Elevated Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx
Park. Visitors coming by the Subway change to the Elevated
Railway at 149th Street and Third Avenue.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Mr. Fred J. Seaver, curator, received the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy at the Iowa State University on June 12.
Professor Eduard Strasburger, the eminent plant cytologist
of the University of Bonn, Germany, died May 20, at the age of
sixty-eight.
Dr. A. B. Stout, director of the laboratories, spent a week
during June in Washington and Philadelphia, where he inspected
various lines of work being done in plant breeding.
Miss Emily Topp has been granted a research scholarship at
the Garden for the month of August to continue her studies on
variegation in Miscanthus.
Professor Douglass H. Campbell, of Leland Stanford Univer-
sity, California, visited the Garden June 15, on his way around
the world in search of special plant material for studies in mor-
phology and systematic botany.
Dr. John K. Small, head curator of the museums and herba-
rium, was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Science at the
one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of Franklin College,
at Lancaster, Pa., June 13.
Dr. B. O. Dodge, of Columbia University, was awarded a
research scholarship for the month of June to assist him in
investigations on the Ascobolaceae, a family of inconspicuous
fungi not very well known in this country.
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Mr, Fred D. Fromme has been awarded a grant of $50 from
the Students Research Fund to assist him in collecting and
studying the local parasitic fungi, especially those belonging to
the group of plant rusts.
Mr, W. W. Eggleston, of the United States Department of
Agriculture, was awarded a research scholarship at the Garden
for the month of May to assist in carrying on research on various
poisonous plants and on the taxonomy of the plants of the
apple family.
The water-lilies in the aquatic garden are now in full bloom.
The first blossoms appeared about June i, and they will con-
tinue in great profusion until checked by the cold weather.
CaslaUa Marliacea carnea has flesh-colored flowers, while the
varit^ty rosea has flowers a little deeper in color, making it
more striking. Of most vigorous habit, is Castalia alba candi-
dissimay with pure white flowers of great size. Castalia tuberosa
is another white-flowered form.
Dr. E. B. Copeland, dean of the College of Agriculture, Los
Banos, Philippine Islands, paid a visit to the Garden on June 13.
The college is one of the branches of the University of the
Philippines, and is situated in a beautiful locality at the base of
Mount Maquiling, about forty-five miles from Manila. Al-
though work began only three years ago, the institution has
made very great progress, and lasting results of a most beneficial
nature to the islands are rightly expected, as the work is at once
scientific and highly practical. Dr. Copeland leaves San Fran-
cisco on his return to the East at the end of the month.
Through the assistance of Professor P. Baccarini of Florence,
Italy, the New York Botanical Garden has recently secured two
Bizzaria plants. One of these plants is now about four feet in
height and is bearing fruits which show decidedly the mixture
of orange and lemon tissue. The Garden has also purchased
living plants of the following chimeras (graft hybrids) ; Cytisus
Adami^ Craiaego-mespilus Asnieresii and Crataego-mespilus
Dardari,
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The American Association of Museums held its seventh annual
meeting in New York during the week beginning June 3. On
Tuesday, June 4, sessions were held and the members were
entertained at the American Museum of Natural History. On
Wednesday, a morning session was held at the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, where the members were the guests of the
Museum until evening, when a session was held at the Museum
of Natural History. Thursday was Brooklyn day, the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences being the host; the forenoon was
spent at the Central Museum and the afternoon at the Children's
Museum. An evening session was held at the Museum of
Natural History, after which the Association adjourned to meet
next year in Philadelphia.
A large number of the members, however, remained until the
end of the week. On Friday, they were the guests of the New
York Zodlogical Park during the morning and at luncheon. In
the afternoon, arrangements were provided for an inspection of
the grounds, conservatories, and museum of the New York
Botanical Garden, followed by a complimentary dinner in the
evening by the director-in-chief. Dr. N. L. Britton, at the
"Hermitage" in Williamsbridge. Dr. W. P. Wilson, director
of the Philadelphia Museums and treasurer of the Association^
in responding to the toast of **our guests," recalled the fact that
the first meeting, at which the association was organized, was
held in New York in 1906, and that it was at the Museum of the
New York Botanical Garden that the report of the committee
on organization was submitted and adopted. On Saturday, the
Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences provided an
automobile trip through Staten Island, followed by a reception
at the museum building of that institution.
Meteorology for April. — ^The total precipitation recorded for
the month was 2.28 inches. Maximum temperatures were
recorded of 80° on the 6th, 61^ on the nth, 75° on the i6th, and
70** on the 24th. Also minimum temperatures were recorded of
25° on the 4th, 28° on the 9th, 35° on the 20th, and 36° on the
27th.
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Meteorology for May, — The total precipitation for the month of
May was 3.45 inches. Maximum temperatures were recorded
as follows: May 7, 77°; May 21, 90°; May 27, 85°. Minimum
temperatures were as follows: May I, 33°; May 14, 42°; May
23,49''; May 31, 50°.
ACCESSIONS.
Museums and Herbarium.
414 specimens of lichens, hepatics and mosses from Canada. (Distributed by
Mr, John Macoun.)
I spcchTK'H of Tetraplodon australis from Massachusetts. (By exchange with
Mr. Frank Dobbin.)
I I specimens of Fissidens from South America. (By exchange with the Natural
History Museum, Paris.)
I specimen of Grimmia calyptrata from Arizona. (By exchange with Dr. C. F.
Millsfiaugh.)
1 specimens of marine algae from California. (By exchange with the University
of California.)
9 gpevimens of mosses from Missouri and Arkansas. (Given by Mr. B. F. Bush.)
3 specitnens of mosses from Newfoundland. (By exchange with Mrs. A. R.
Northrop.)
3 speclmenB of Bruchia from North America. (By exchange with Mr. Jules
Cardot,)
J specimejiB of mosses from Washington. (By exchange with Mr. George B.
Kaiser.)
1 specimens of hepatics from New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. (Given
by Miss C. C. Haynes.)
12 ^specimens of mosses from Montevideo, Uruguay. (By exchange with Dr.
Fbreiitino Felippone.)
1 spedmen of Grimmia tenuicaulis from Alberta, Canada. (By exchange with
Mr. George B. Kaiser.)
2 specimens of the fruits of Strychnos spinosa from Miami. Florida. (Given by
Mr. Ed%^^td SLmmonds.)
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^^^^^^^^^^ /iDemtietB tbe ^^^^^^^^^^^|
^^^H Edwaiu) D. Adams,
David ^^^^^^^^^^M
^^^^H John D. Aichbold,
Edgar L. Marston, ^^^^^^^|
^^^H GftoitCE P. Bakmm,
W» J. Matbeson, ^^^^H
^^^V Eugene P. BicicNSiXp
Ogden Mills, ^^^^H
^^^H ^GEOkGE S« BOWDOIIV,
J. FiERpoNT Morgan, ^^^^H
^^^H PjtOf. N« L. BEITTOlf,
Theodore W. Myers, ^^^^H
^^^H Hon. A0OISDN Brown,
Frederic R. Newbold, ^^^^H
^^^V Prop. Edw. S. Bym<iEAS,
Prof. Henry F, Osborn, ^^^^^
^^^H Dk. Nicholas M, Butler,
LowRT T. M. Palmer, ^^^^H
^^^^^B And«ew Carnegie*
George W. Perkins, ^^^^H
^^^H Prof. C. F. Chandler,
HSNRY PhIPFS, ^^^^H
^^^H William G. Choate.
James R. Pitcher, ^^^^|
^^^^H Paul D* Cravat h«
^^^1
^^^^1 Cleveland H. Dodge.
John D, Rockbfeller, ^^^^H
^^^H A* F. ESTABROOK.
William Rockefellkb, ^^^^H
^^^B H. C Fahnestock,
Prof. H. H. Rusby, ^^^^^
^^^H Samuel W. Faircriu>,
Dr. Reginald H. Savrs, ^^^^|
^^^H James B. Ford,
Jacob H. Schiff, ^^^H
^^^H Henry W. de Forest,
Mortimer L. Schift, ^^^^|
^^^H Robert W. de Forest,
James A. Scrymser, ^^^^|
^^H Prof. W. J. Gies,
Isaac N. Seligman, ^^^^^
^^^H Prof. R. A. HAtPEm.
Henry A. Siebrecht, ^^^H
^^^H Edward S. Harkness,
William D, Sloane, ^^^^|
^^^H A. Heckscher,
Nelson SMrru, ^^^H
^^^H Henry R. Hoyt,
James Speyek, ^^^^|
^^^^H Thos. H. Hubbard,
Francis L. Stetson, ^^^H
^^^^H Aprian Iselih, Jr.,
Charles G. Thompson, ^^^|
^^^H Walter B. Jeknikos,
Dr. W. GiLMAN Thompson, ^^^H
^^^^H John I. Kane,
Samusl Thorkk, ^^^H
^^^H Eugene Kklly. Jr.,
MyLCS TtERNEY. ^^^H
^^^H Prop. James F. Kxmp,
Louis C Tiffany, ^^^^|
^^H Z, Lane,
George W. Vanderbilt, ^^^H
^^^H Prop. Frsdbrjc S. Ln,
W. K. Vanderbilt, ^^^|
^^^H Hon. Sxth Low»
Hon, Egerton L. Wikthrop, Jr. ^^^^^
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
i»UBr4rcATi*>ivs
The New York Botanical Garden
Joornal of the New Tork Botanical Garden, monthljr, illustrated, con-
taining notesj and non- technical ertides of general interest. Free to members of the
Garden. To others^ lo cents a copy ; ;$i,oo a year. Now in its thirteenth volume.
Mycologla* bimonthly, illush-ated in color and other vyise; devoted to fungi,
including lichens ; containing technical articles and news and notes of general in*
t crest 5^3.00 a year j single copies not for sale. [Not ofFcred in exchange.] Now
in its fourth volume.
Btillettn of the New Tork Botanical Garden, contaming the annual reporu
of the DirectoT-in Chief and other official docoments, and technical articles embodying
results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all membcn of the
Garden ; to others, S3.Q0 per volume^ Now in its eighth volume,
North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America,
including Greenland^ the We^t Indies and Central America. Planned to be com-
ptetcd in 32 volumes, Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts.
Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold
for $2 00 each. [Not offered in exchange.]
Vol. 3, part I, 1910* Nectriaceae — Kimetaritceae.
Vol. 7, partly 1906; porta, X907, part 3, 1912. Ustilagioaceae—Accidiaceae
(pars).
Vol. 9, i^arti I and 2, [907; part j^ 1910. Folyporaceae — Agaricaceae (pars).
( Parts I and 2 no longer sold separately. )
Vol. 16, part t, 1909. Opbioglossaceae — Cyatheaceae (pars).
Vol. 17, part I, 1909. Typhaceac — Poaceae (pars).
Vol. 22» parts I and 2, I905; parts 3 and 4, 190H. Podosteroonaceae — Rosaceae
(pars).
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, igii, Geraniaceae^-Burscraceae.
MemoUs of the New York Botanical Garden , Price to members of the
Garden, 5t ooper volume. To others, ^2.00. [Not oflTcred in exchange,]
Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Vellowstooe
Paik. by Per Axel Rydberg. ix -f 492 pp.» with detailed map. 1900.
Vol, II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Developmeat.
by D. T. MacDougal. xvi -f- 320 pp., nith 176 figures, I903.
Vol, III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischervillc^ New
York, by Arthur HolHck and Edward Charles Jeflfrcy* viii -f 138 pp., with 29
plates. 1909.
VoL IV. Effects of the Rays ol Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager.
viii 4- 27S pp , with 73 figures and 14 plates, 1908.
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A scries of tech-
tiical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each, ;$5,oo per volume. Six volumes.
RBCEIffT NUMBERS 35 CENTS EACH.
146, Phycological Studies— V. Some Marine Algae of Lower Califoroiat
Mexico, by Marshall A. Howe.
147, Studies of West Indian Plants— IV, by N. L. Brittofi.
148, List of Plants Collected on the Peary Arctic Expedition of 1905-06, etc.,
by P. A. Rydberg.
149, Studies in Pyrophilous Fungi — IIL The Viability of the Spores of Pyro-
nema, by Frwl J, Scaver,
NKW YOflK BOTANICAL GAROKN
BnoNX Park, N«W TOMlc Orrir
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,<UV 8 \^
Vol. XIII
OCTOBER, 1912
No. 154
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
FRED J. SEAVER
Curator
CONTENTS
The Leoptrd-Moth . , , ,
Botanizing in Yellowitone P&rt
Notei, Hews utd Comni«nt
Accesticxu. ...
FAOK
155
. i6o
. 103
. i6S
Published for the Gaadem
A.r 41 KOBTll QJTWMM StKKBT, L&IDCASTBft, P^
Wf Turn Zt«w Ema PuvTurc Coiir&vr
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ORKIOHiRS 1912.
"PaESiDENT— HON. ADDISON BROWN,
Vice-President— ANDREW CARNEGIE,
Tmeasureb— JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
SECitETARY— DR. N. L. BRITTON.
BoJlRO OP" Manaoers.
1. ELECTED MANAGERS.
Term ezptrea Jflnuary, 1913.
THOMAS H. HUBBARD, J. PIERPQNT MORGAN,
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON, GEORGE W. PERKINS,
MYLES TIERNEY.
Term expires January, t9t4.
ROBERT W. DK FOREST,
JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Terra explrei Jaauaryi 1915.
JOHN I. KANE.
W, J. MATHESON.
W. OILMAN THOMPSON.
EDWARD D. ADAMS,
ADDISON BROWN,
N. L. BRITTON.
ANDREW CARNEGIE,
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS.
The PKESIPENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLlC PARKS,
HON. CHARLES B. STOVER.
The Mayok of the City of New York,
HON. WILLIAM J. GAYNOR.
3« SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
PROF. H. H. RUSBY, Chairman.
PROF. EDWARD S. BURGESS, PROF. R. A. HARPER.
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF, JAMES F. KEMP,
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES, PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE.
HON. E. L. WINTHROP, Jr,
Oardedn Sxarf^.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief, (Development, AdminiatraiionJ
DR. W. A. MURRILL, -Assistant Director. (Administration.)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums, (Flowering Plant».>
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator. (Flowering Plants.)
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE. Curator, (Flowerless Planti.)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER. Curator. (Flowcrlcsa Plants.)
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK. Curator. (Fossil Plants.)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS. Administrative Assistant.
PERCY WILSON, ^Assistant Curator.
GEORGE V. NASH. Head Gardener,
DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Lihrarian,
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic CoUectitms,
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses.
DR. WILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist.
COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Museum Custodian.
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer,
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Ctcrk and Accountant.
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds.
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JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vol. XIII. November, 1912. No. 155.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATIONS IN SANTA CLARA AND
ORIENTE.
Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: Arriving at Sancti Spiritus, February 13, where I had
gone by rail from Havana, I found that the quarters at the
hotel were such that it would have been impractical to remain
there, so I had some difficulty in finding a suitable stopping-place
until the Rev. H. G. Smith solved my problem by taking me
into his own home, where he and his good wife did everything to
make me comfortable. To them I owe much gratitude. Mr.
Smith also helped me in various ways during the time I remained
there.
The surrounding region, which is given over almost exclusively
to pasturage, was, at this time, quite dry. The various thickets
on grass-covered serpentine hills were examined with rather
poor results. Rio Yayabo and several of its tributaries were
also examined, but little was found along their banks. One
little brook north of town, about a mile from the railroad station,
was found to be quite rich, especially as to the variety of small
trees and shrubs. A small peculiar outcropping of soft, white
lime rock, several miles to the eastward, supported a different
plant association. Here an upright cactus, probably a Harrisia,
was of interest.
The chief object of my coming here, however, was to examine
the flora of the Banao Hills, but I found that I was at a poorly
selected base for that purpose, being too far distant, so that
little information concerning them seemed available and no one
169
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170
appeared to know of a guide with knowledge of the region. The
meeting of Seiior Rafael Garcia-Rijo, who has large holdings in
the region, resulted in suitable arrangements to get into these
distant hills. He became greatly interested in my work, and
introduced me to Mr. John B. Roosevelt, a retired American
engineer, who had done considerable surveying in that region
and was pleased to accompany me.
Accordingly we left Sancti Spiritus at daybreak on February
27, with two good horses provided by Mr. Roosevelt, going
southward through a series' of pasture-lands, crossing several
small rivers and low ridges of what appeared to be micaceous
shist formation, the flora of which was examined from time to
time and some collections made. The town of Banao consists
of a very few cheap houses, and like many other rural towns of
the island has seen better days, but it would probably make a
tolerable base for a more complete examination of the hills. To
the north and west the hills are principally of limestone formation.
Eastward and northward toward Sancti Spiritus, the hills seem
to be of serpentine and micaceous shist. Lomo Obispo is the
most prominent and highest of these, but as it looked very dry
and was said to be entirely under pasturage, I did not think it
advisable to spend the time necessary to reach and ascend it.
From Banao we passed around the southern side of the hills,
crossing over some of the foot-hills covered almost exclusively
by **coro]Oj'* Acrocomia fusiformis (Swartz) Cook, intermingled
with low spreading trees of **guao," Comocladia sp., the rough
bark of which is a favorite habitat for a bright rose-colored
orchid, probably a Broughtoniay which grew in considerable
abundance and by its bright rose-colored flowers, added a
brilliancy to portions of the otherwise dull landscape. A variety
of small shrubs but scarcely any herbaceous plants were seen in
this association. Passing northward, after having forded Rio
Higuarojo, across an old and long-abandoned sugar plantation,
La Seiba, through forests, most of it seemingly of second growth,
we reached the home of Mr. William R. Harrison, on the banks
of Rio Unimaza, just before dark, having, it was said, traveled
sixty miles that day. Mr. Harrison, his father and a brother
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each have a home on the old Pitajones tract, and are engaged in
planting coffee in the forests, both virgin and second growth.
Their method is quite different to that practised in Oriente, as
they remove very little of the forest growth the first year and
then they gradually thin out the tall trees and remove the
undergrowth as the coffee plant requires the space. This
method is an inexpensive one and is used by the Cubans, some of
whom it is said have been very successful with coffee.
The valley of the Rio Unimaza is quite broad and fertile in
this vicinity, its altitude being about i,ooo feet. It is very
thinly settled, but there are abundant evidences of a former
prosperity, such as a very large individual of the Mexican rain
tree, Pithecolibium Saman, in the forests and that African pest,
Dichrosiachys nutans, locally called "aroma," forming thorny,
impenetrable thickets of great extent, some of these trees attain-
ing a trunk diameter of six inches. In the forests, especially
along the streams many interesting plants were seen and collected.
The surrounding hills vary considerably; some are very rocky,
quite dry and barren; others being moister, support a rich
growth of trees and smaller plants. I got as far north as Ciegos
de Pondano where, in a rich rocky valley, I saw for the first
time the Cuban walnut, Juglans cubensis, a fine large tree with a
trunk diameter of three to four feet.
I remained here until the morning of March 3, during which
time the Harrisons did all they could to aid me. One of them
usually accompanied me on my excursions into the forests, and
to them I owe my sincere thanks. Returning to Sancti Spiritus
by the same route, with frequent stops for collecting and at a
place called Rincon, secured specimens of the leaf fiber of the
"corojo" in two grades; the finest called ** pita corojo" is stripped
from very young leaves of this spiny palm. It is plaited into
bridles, and various other parts of harnesses. '*Cascara corojo"
is a coarser grade and is used to make rope. Several days were
required to dry and pack the collections preparatory to moving
on to Manzanillo in Oriente, the environs of which are mostly
sugar-cane plantations or pasture-lands and little was obtained
in the hill or coastal thickets which I examined. I operated as
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far inland as the town of Yara mostly through pasture-land
on dry savannas with discouraging results until March 14, when
I moved on to the historic town of Bayamo, the immediate
vicinity of which I found to be quite similar to that of Man-
zanillo, and as the foot-hills of the Sierra Miestra are a con-
siderable distance to the south and as I was due to join your
party at Santiago, I spent but two days — February 15 and 16 —
afield there, passing on to Santiago where I made an excursion
to San Juan Hill and the river valley beyond, until I joined you
on March 21, after which I participated in the various excursions
by yourself and Professor Cowell as far as Ensenada de Mora
from which place I returned to Santiago April i, packed and
shipped to Antilla my own collections, and those of your party
left at Santiago.
Having a day to spare, I went as you suggested to Holguin in
quest of a further supply of that rare little cactus, Coryphantha
cubensis Britton, discovered by me several years ago on a ser-
pentine hill northwest of town. This was secured on March 4
with the kindly assistance of my good friend Angus Campbel
after five hours of diligent search. A few other plants not
collected in this region heretofore by me were also secured. Next
evening I arrived in Antilla and sailed the following day from
Nipe Bay, and arrived in New York, April 10, 1912.
Respectfully submitted,
J. A. Shafer.
CHINESE TEA PAINTINGS GIVEN TO THE
MUSEUM.
A series of twelve Chinese paintings representing the culti-
vation and preparation of tea were presented to the Garden early
in the year by Dr. Reginald H. Say re, of this city, one of the
members of the Garden Corporation. They were brought from
China for Mr. Charles H. Hall by Mr. John L. Grosvenor about
a century ago, and were probably painted about the middle of
the eighteenth century. Dr. Sayre says they used to hang in a
large hall in his old home and are associated with the earliest
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recollections of his childhood. The pictures are in their original
frames and measure 23 X 28 inches; the canvas used is of very
high grade and the brush work exceedingly delicate. The
perspective is excellent, showing that the generally accepted
idea that Chinese artists are lacking in this respect is incorrect.
These paintings have been renovated and carefully mounted
in four panels placed on the broad landing between the main
floor and the second floor of the museum, directly opposite the
main entrance of the building. At present, they are not arranged
in series, but are grouped so as to give harmonious and pleasing
effects and to display each picture in the best light. Taking the
panels in order from left to right and the pictures from top to
bottom, the subjects represented are, as follows:
Tea leaves being carried from the fields in baskets by laborers.
Tea leaves being tasted by women to determine their quality.
Women receiving baskets of green leaves from the field and taking them to the
curing house.
Field of tea plants with women picking the leaves.
Tea leaves being dried over slow fires, mainly by women.
Women assorting the finer grades of tea.
Laborers planting tea.
Cheaper grades of leaves being dried over fires by men.
Grading, packing, and shipping the dried tea.
Laborers preparing the soil for the planting of tea.
Sprinkling the small tea plants with liquid manure.
Bringing tea from a rural plantation to a tea merchant, the ceremonies accom-
panying a sale being indicated.
The usual tea-picking scene, reminding one of cotton-picking
in the southern United States, is notably absent from this series.
The presence of so many women and the comfortable houses
figured indicate that the better grades of tea are being handled.
The word "tea" in China may represent a wide range of vari-
ations, from the costliest products of the real tea plant to the
cheapest substitutes made from the leaves of willows and other
wild shrubs and herbs.
W. A. MURRILL.
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COLLECTING FUNGI IN THE ADIRONDACKS.
Dr. N. L. Brixton, Director-in-Chief.
Sir: Following your instructions, I spent the last half of July
and the first half of October, of the season just passed, in the
Adirondack Mountains making a general collection of fungi. Art
attempt was made to get complete descriptive notes from the
fresh specimens of most of the gill-fungi collected, to be used
later in publication, and in this I was assisted by Mrs. Murrill,
who made sketches of many of them in their natural colors.
Lake Placid was selected as a base and excursions were made
by boat and otherwise to desirable collecting regions in the
vicinity. Many different kinds of localities were visited, such
as pure forests of pine, balsam, and spruce, tamarack swamps,
sphagnum bogs, sugar-maple groves, deciduous woods, mixed
coniferous and deciduous woods, open fields, and exposed, mossy
hilltops. The higher mountains were not visited because we
were not there at the proper season for collecting above three
thousand feet. It was not our expectation to add many novelties
to the known fungous flora of North Elba after the long and
brilliant work of Dr. Charles H. Peck, state botanist, in that
region, but we hoped to increase our knowledge of this flora
and to enrich the Garden herbarium with well selected and well
preserved specimens of as many species as possible.
The collection obtained was greater than we had expected,
comprising 1,175 ^^Id numbers and about 2,000 specimens.
Many of these grew on living tree trunks and fallen timber and
are of special interest in connection with the care and protection
of the state forests situated in the Adirondacks. Others repre-
sent edible or poisonous species of gill-fungi and are interesting
to those who advocate a wider use of members of this group of
plants for food. A majority of the species are different from
those found in the vicinity of New York City, belonging as they
do to a more northerly phytogeographic area extending from
eastern Canada and New England westward to the prairies and
southward along the Alleghanies. The fungi of this area have
Digitized by VjOOQIC
175
many points in common with those of northern Europe, being
largely of common origin, and the two areas must be studied
together before either can be properly understood mycologically.
Our thanks are due the manager of the Grand View Hotel and
the officials of the Lake Placid Club for many courtesies extended
during our stay in that delightful region.
On our return from Lake Placid, we stopped at Albany to
represent the Garden at the dedicatory exercises of the magnifi-
cent new State Education Building. The ceremonies, held
October 15 to 17, were very elaborate and were attended by
several hundred delegates from educational institutions located
in various parts of the world.
A list of the polypores and boletes collected at Lake Placid
is here appended. It contains most of the wood-destroying
species of the region and may serve as a check list for foresters
and others interested in this destructive group of fungi.
The Polypores and Boletes of the Lake Placid Region.
Numbers below 400 refer to July collections, and those above
400 to collections made in October. The list of boletes is rather
small because most of these plants appeared in August.
POLYPORACEAE.
Antrodla. mollis (Sommerf .) Karst. 318. On deciduous wood.
Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) Karst. J7J, 466, 575- On dead
deciduous wood ; not common.
Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill. 332, 630. On deciduous
wood.
CoLTRiciA perennis (L.) Murrill. 385, Common.
Coltricia tomentosa (Fr.) Murrill. 4/p, 8qq, About conifer-
ous stumps.
CoRiOLELLUS SERiALis (Fr.) MurriU. 3S5, 587. On coniferous
wood.
CoRiOLUS ABIETINUS (Dicks.) Qu61. J20. Very common on
dead balsam fir and other coniferous trees.
CoRiOLUS BiFORMis (Kl.) Pat. 364, Seen only once.
CoRiOLUS NiGROMARGiNATUS (Schw.) Murrill. 32g,
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176
CoRiOLUS PROLiFiCANS (Fr.) Murrill. Very destructive to fallen
timber.
CoRiOLUS PUBESCENS (Schum.) Murrill. 423, 7$^^ 1046. One
beech log was covered with milk-white sporophores which
threw down a distinctly cream-colored spore-print, while an-
other beech log nearby bore avellaneous sporophores which
were thinner and yielded no spore-print, possibly because
immature.
CoRiOLUS VERSICOLOR (L.) Qu6l. Very destructive both to
living and dead timber.
Daedalea confragosa (Bolt.) Pers. J25. An interesting and
very variable species.
Elfvingia fomentaria (L.) Murrill. A common and con-
spicuous species.
Elfvingia megaloma (L^v.) Murrill. 376, A very common
and conspicuous species.
Fomes populinus (Schw.) Cooke. 302, goo. On sugar maple
trunks and stumps.
Fomes roseus (Alb. & Schw.) Cooke. 841. Common on
coniferous logs.
Fomes ungulatus (Schaeff.) Sacc. A very common and con-
spicuous species.
FoMiTiPORiA pereffusa MurriU. ISQ. This species sometimes
covers the entire under surface of deciduous logs. This speci-
men grew underneath a beech log.
FoMiTiPORiA PRUNicoLA Murrill. 3^8, Common on standing
trunks of Prunus pennsylvanica.
FuscoPORiA FERRUGINOSA (Schrad.) Murrill. 821. On decidu-
ous logs.
Gloeophyllum hirsutum (Schaeff.) Murrill. 74, 742, 742}^,
Common on coniferous stumps and logs. Also found on a
dead spot caused by borers in a trunk of Prunus pennsylvanica
growing at the edge of coniferous woods.
Hapalopilus rutilans (Pers.) Murrill. 333, Collected once,
on birch.
Hexagona striatula (Ell. & Ev.) Murrill. 352, 365, 374. On
beech and maple logs.
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177
Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby) Karst. 649, 6S3, 66q, 876, The
typical form was found on birch and alder, while the variety
described by Peck in 1873 from Indian Lake as Polyporus
glomeratus occurred only on maple.
Irpiciporus lacteus (Fr.) Murrill. 305, 065,
ISCHNODERMA FULIGINOSUM (Scop.) Murrill. 403, 54I, 660.
The usual dark, resinous form occurred on stumps and logs of
conifers, while the paler, larger form so common on the under
side of basswood logs was here found about four feet above the
ground on a dead standing sugar maple trunk in an open field.
Phaeolus sistotremoides (Alb. & Schw.) Murrill. 274, At
the base of a living larch.
PiPTOPORUS SUBEROSUS (L.) Murrill. 375. Common on birch
trunks.
Polyporus elegans (Bull.) Fr. j/j, 348, Not common.
Polyporus fissus Berk. 982. Seen only once. This species
develops much better farther south.
Polyporus Polyporus (Retz.) Murrill. 690, 737, 1077, Com-
mon on birch sticks and other dead deciduous wood.
PoRiA attenuata Peck. 64. A resupinate species described
from Croghan, New York. It occurs throughout the eastern
United States on deciduous logs and is distinguished by its
beautiful rosy-isabelline color.
PoRODAEDALEA PiNi (Thore) MurriU. 303, 346, 386, Very
destructive to conifers.
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Karst. 371, Not rare.
Pyropolyporus igniarius (L.) Murrill. A very common and
conspicuous species.
Tyromyces anceps (Peck) Murrill. 879, On the south side of
a balsam fir stump in a field. Described in 1895 from speci-
mens collected by E. A. Burt on a dead hemlock trunk at
Stony Brook, Massachusetts. T. Ellisianus Murrill is related,
but has larger tubes.
Tyromyces balsameus (Peck). Tyromyces crispellus (Peck) Mur-
rill. 839, Cespitose on coniferous stumps. Described from
the Adirondacks by Peck in 1878 as Polyporus balsameus,
and from Osceola, New York, by the same author in 1885, as
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178
Polyporus crispellus. By a study of fresh specimens, it was
possible to combine the two names and to place the species
definitely in the genus Tyromyces.
Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) Karst. 310, 487, 578, 1026. Not
rare on dead deciduous wood.
Tyromyces guttulatus (Peck) Murrill. J5J, S74t 68g, 824,
8qo, This exceedingly well named species was rather often
seen on the tops of stumps of various conifers. It is fragrant,
and astringent and slightly add at first to the taste, becoming
bitter after being held in the mouth about two minutes.
Tyromyces semipileatus (Peck) Murrill. 133. Collected only
once, but not rare on deciduous wood in the eastern United
States.
BOLETACEAE.
BoLETiNUS cavipes (Opat.) Kalchb. g7o. Abundant in one
spot in low coniferous woods.
BoLETiNUS PiCTUS Peck. 812,
Boletus Clintonianus Peck. 780. Under a white pine in
moss and grass.
Ceriomyces auriporus (Peck) Murrill. 561, iioi.
Ceriomyces communis (Bull.) Murrill. 2^5, 361, 362, 5g2.
Common.
Ceriomyces subglabripes (Peck) Murrill. 116. In dry maple
woods.
Ceriomyces subtomentosus (L.) Murrill. 238, 317,
Ceriomyces viscidus (L.) Murrill. 2g6, Common.
Gyroporus cyanescens (Bull.) Qu61. 1082,
RosTKOViTES granulatus (L.) P. Karst. jpo. Rather com-
mon.
SuiLLELLUS LURIDUS (SchaefT.) Murrill. 2g8.
Tylopilus felleus (Bull.) P. Karst. 400. Common and
large.
Tylopilus gracilis (Peck.) P. Henn. 34. On dead coniferous
wood. Tubes melleous, becoming brownish when bruised;
context cremeous, unchanging, of nutty flavor.
Respectfully submitted,
W. A. Murrill,
Assistant Director.
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179
FLOWER EXHIBITIONS.
The Horticultural Society of New York, in codperation with
the Garden, held its exhibitions as usual during the summer and
fall, in the halls devoted to paleo-botany on the ground floor of
the Museum. The premiums for the July and August exhibitions
were offered by the Garden, to be awarded by the exhibition
committee of the council of The Horticultural Society of New
York. The exhibitions were well attended and gave pleasure to
many people. This was especially the case on Sunday afternoons.
The flowers at the close of the exhibitons were distributed to
hospitals and other similar institutions.
The usual July exhibition was held a little earlier this year,
taking place on the last two days of June. The premiums offered
were for roses, Japanese irises, sweet peas, herbaceous plants,
shrubs and trees, and vegetables. Open-to-all and non-com-
mercial classes were provided for irises and sweet peas.
Mr. A. P. Stokes, of Noroton, Ct., Andrew Whitelaw, gardener,
won the first prize for roses, the second going to Mr. H. Darling-
ton, of Mamaroneck, N. Y., P. W. Popp, gardener. Scott Bros,
secured the first prize, open to all, for twelve vases of Japanese
irises, with an exhibit of superb blooms, Mr. John Lewis Childs,
of Floral Park, N. Y., taking second.
Six vases of sweet peas, in the open to all class, won the first
prize for Miss M. T. Cockcroft, of Saugatuck, Ct., Adam Pater-
son,gardener, the second going to Mrs. J. B. Trevor, of Yonkers,
N. Y., Howard Nichols, gardener. Miss Cockcroft also took the
first prize for a vase of sweet peas, Mr. H. Darlington, second.
To Mrs. F. A. Constable, Mamaroneck, N. Y., James Stuart,
gardener, was awarded the first prize for a collection of flowers of
herbaceous plants. A large collection of the flowers of shrubs
and trees gave the first prize to Mr. T. A. Havemaeyer, of Glen
Head, N. Y., A. Lahodny, gardener, the second to Mr. H.
Darlington.
To Mr. James A. Macdonald, Flushing, N. Y., Richard Hughes,
gardener, was awarded the first prize for six vases of Japanese
irises, in the class for non-commercial growers, the second to Mr.
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180
T. A. Havemeyer. Among non-commercial growers, for three
vases of sweet peas, the first prize was secured by Miss M. T.
Cockcroft, the second by Mrs. J. B. Trevor.
The classes for vegetables were open to all. Twelve vegetables
gave Mrs. J. B. Trevor the first prize, and Mrs. F. A. Constable
the second. Six vegetables brought the first prize to Mr. James
A. Macdonald, the second to Mr. T. A. Havemeyer. Special
mention was made of a collection of miscellaneous plants exhibited
by Mr. John Lewis Childs. Special prizes were awarded to:
Mr. Louis C. Tiffany, of Oyster Bay, N. Y., John Miller, gar-
dener, for twelve chrysanthemum blooms; and to Mr. T. A,
Havemeyer, for collections of lilies and hydrangeas.
The Garden exhibited large collections, not for competition, of
the flowers of herbaceous plants and of shrubs and trees.
The August Exhibition was held Saturday and Sunday, August
thirty-first and September first. On account of Monday, the
second, being Labor Day, the exhibition was continued through
that day. It was primarily an exhibition of gladioli, for which
most of the premiums were offered ; a few premiums were offered
for montbretias. Prizes were offered in classes open to all and
for non-commercial growers. There was a large and magnificent
display of these attractive flowers, filling the two long center
tables- and several side tables. The flowers were in excellent
condition at the close of the exhibition and were sent to hospitals
and other institutions.
A large collection of gladioli, excellent flowers, exhibited by
Mr. John Lewis Childs, almost filled one of the long center tables,
and secured for him the first prize for a collection of named
varieties, in the open to all class. For twelve varieties, three
spikes of each, in the same class, the first prize was awarded to
Mr. Arthur Cowee, of Berlin, N. Y., for a collection of superb
flowers, the second going to Mr. T. A. Havemeyer. Mr. Cowee
also captured the first prize, in the class open to all, for the best
vase of any white variety of gladiolus, twenty-five spikes. The
first prize for a table center piece went to Mr. T. A. Havemeyer.
The prizes offered to non-commercial growers were won as
follows: For a collection of named varieties of gladioli, the first
Digitized by VjOOQIC
181
by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, the second by Mr. H. Darlington.
For six varieties of gladioli, two spikes of each, the first by Mr.
Havemeyer, the second by Mr. Darlington. For a vase of any
white variety, six spikes, the first by Mr. Havemeyer, the second
by Mr. Darlington. For a vase of any pink variety, six spikes,
by Mr. Havemeyer.
The first prize for a collection of montbretias, in the class open
to all, was won by Mr. John Lewis Childs; that for non-com-
mercial growers by Mr. H. Darlington.
The exhibition of Saturday and Sunday September twenty-
eighth and twenty-ninth, was also held in the Museum building.
New York Botanical Garden. This was arranged mainly for
dahlias and asters. The inclement weather just previous to the
time of the exhibition so damaged these flowers that few were fit
for exhibition purposes. Mr. H. Darlington won first prizes for
the following: collection of fifty dahlias; collection of twenty-five
dahlias; and for five each of show, decorative, cactus, and peony-
flowered ; vase of ten single dahlias.
The Garden made an exhibit of the flowers of herbaceous
plants. George V. Nash.
LATE AUTUMN LECTURES, 1912.
Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of the Museum
Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, on Saturday afternoons, at
four o'clock as follows:
Nov. 23. ** Recent Exploration in Bermuda," by Dr. N. L.
Britton.
Nov. 30. '*A Botanical Expedition to Cuba," by Dr. W. A.
Murrill.
Dec. 7. **Some Floral and Scenic Features of Jamaica," by
Dr. M. A. Howe.
Dec. 14. "The Vegetation of Southern Florida," by Mr.
G. V. Nash.
The lectures, which occupy an hour, will be illustrated by
lantern slides and otherwise. The doors will be closed at 4:00,
and opened again for a moment at 4:15 to admit those arriving
late.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
182
The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of
the New York Central and Hudson River Railway to Botanical
Garden Station, by trolley cars to Bedford Park, or by the Third
Avenue Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. Visitors
coming by the Subway change to the Elevated Railway at 149th
Street and Third Avenue.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Dr. P. A. Rydberg, curator, is spending several weeks studying
in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Dr. John K. Small, head curator, left New York^ October 31,
for southern Fk)rida, where he will spend several weeks studying
the flora of that region. Professor Hugo de Vries will accompany
him on this expedition.
Dr. Arthur HoUick, curator, has a three months' leave of
absence from the Garden and will spend the time in a continu-
ation of his studies of the fossil flora of Alaska. The work will
be carried on at the United States National Museum.
Mr. Stewardson Brown, curator of botany in Philadelphia
Academy of Sciences, spent several days at the Garden in October
and November studying recent collections of Bermuda plants.
Dr. Fred J. Seaver gave a lecture before the Horticultural
Society at the American Museum of Natural History, October
26 on "Insect Parasites and Some Means of Controlling Them."
Miss Vera Charles, of the United States Department of
Agriculture, visited the Garden in October to examine the
collections of fungi.
Dr. W. A. Murrill, assistant director, represented the Garden
at the dedicatory exercises of the new State Education Building
held in Albany, October 15 to 17.
Mr. Frank Meyer, agricultural explorer for the United States
Department of Agriculture, visited the Garden recently. He
will soon sail for China where he will conduct botanical explora-
tion in the interior for the next three or four years.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
183
The regular meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club held in the
museum on October 30 consisted of a symposium on the flora of
Bermuda. The subject was introduced by Dr. Britton and
the discussions were participated in by the various persons who
have collected and studied the plants of those islands.
Professor Jules de Schokalsky, president of the Section of
Physical Geography in the Imperial Geographical Society of
Russia, and Major General of the Imperial Russian Marine, and
Professor Vladimir Doubiansky, curator of the Imperial Botan-
ical Gardens of St. Petersburg, visited the Garden on October 21
to examine the herbarium and museum and to arrange for an
exchange of museum material from desert regions.
Dr. N. L. Britton, director-in-chief, accompanied by Mrs.
Britton, attended and participated in the exercises in connection
with the unveiling of the tablet on the oldest and largest tree on
the island of Manhattan at Inwood. The tree is a tulip and
measures 19 feet in circumference and is probably more than two
hundred years old.
The autumn lectures to the 4B and 5B pupils of the public
schools were held during the latter part of October and early
November. The weather was unusually favorable and the
lectures were well attended.
Meteorology for October, — The total precipitation recorded for
the month was 3.44 inches, of which two inches fell within two
hours on the 23d. Maximum temperatures were recorded of
82.5** on the 6th, 73** on the i8th, 69** on the 21st, and 74® on
the 30th. Also minimum temperatures were recorded of 39** on
the 2d, 42^ on the 9th, 36^ on the i6th, and 38** on the 26th.
There was no killing frost during the month.
ACCESSIONS.
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM.
256 specimens of flowering plants from Quebec. (Given by Professor C. S.
Williamson.)
I specimen of Drepanocladus uncinalus from Connecticut. (By exchange with
Dr. George E. Nichols.)
Digitized by VjOOQIC
184
3 specimens of mosses from Ithaca, Wisconsin. (By exchange with Dr. J. M.
Greenman.)
3 specimens of mosses from Oregon and Michigan. (Given by Dr. H. D. House.)
34 specimens of mosses from Washington. (By exchange with Mr. A. S. Forster.)
115 specimens of mosses from the herbarium of J. J. Crooke. (Given by Dr. N.
L. Britton.)
I specimen of Galactia nummularia from St. Martin, West Indies. (By exchange
with the Botanical Garden, Utrecht, Holland.)
I I specimens of hepatics from New England. (Given by Miss Annie Lorenz.)
6 specimens of fleshy fungi from Mantoloking, New Jersey. (Given by Mrs. F.
M. P. Pearse.)
II specimens of fleshy fungi from Bronx Park. (Collected by Miss Mary E.
Eaton.)
1 specimen of Vaccinium SinUnisii from Porto Rico. (By exchange with the
Royal Botanical Garden, Berlin, Germany.)
2 photographs Cavendishia Endresii and C latifolia. (By exchange with the
Royal Gardens, Kew, London, England.)
2 specimens of Rubus from tropical America. (By exchange with the Royal
Botanical Garden, Berlin, Germany.)
13 specimens of flowering plants from Guatemala. (By exchange with Professor
T. D. A. Cockerell.)
13 specimens of gill-fungi from Plandome, New York. (Given by Dr. W. S.
Thomas.)
15 specimens of fleshy fungi from Stockbridge, Massachusetts. (Given by
Mr. D. D. Field.)
I specimen of Fissidens crassipes pennsylvanicus from Pennsylvania. (Given by
Dr. A. F. Krout.)
I photograph of the type specimen Vaccinium caracasanum. (From the Botani-
cal Garden, Brussels, Belgium.)
1 photograph of the type specimen of Vaccinium pachyphyUum. (From the
Royal Gardens, Kew, London, England.)
2 specimens, Thibaudia costaricensis and T. domingensis. (By exchange with the
Royal Botanical Garden, Berlin, Germany.)
I photograph of Satyria clonantha. (From the Royal Gardens, Kew, London,
England.)
I specimen of fungus from California. (Given by Professor J. C. Arthur.)
60 specimens of fleshy fungi from the Bronx. (Collected by Dr. W. A. Murrill.)
19 specimens of flowering plants from Utah. (By exchange with Professor A. O.
Garrett.)
3 specimens of flowering plants from Vermont. (Given by Miss Margaret
Slosson.)
I specimen of Pinus Banksiana from Michigan. (Given by Dr. R. M. Harper,
through the United States Forest Service.)
I photograph of Ostrya virginica from New York. (Given by Mr. M. J. Breiten-
bach.)
I trunk of Hevea bra6iUensi5 from Ceylon, (Given by Mr. F. Crosbie Roles.)
2,152 specimens from Pinar del Rio, Cuba. (Collected by Dr. J. A. Shafer.)
93 specimens of flowering plants from Porto Rico. (By exchange with the
Agricultural Experiment Station, Porto Rico, West Indies.)
Digitized by VjOOQIC
185
10 specimens of Rosa from North Dakota. (By exchange with Dr. John Lunnell.)
534 specimens of flowering plants from South Dakota. (By exchange with
Professor S. S. Visher.)
a.ooo specimens of fungi from the Adirondacks. (Collected by Dr. W. A.
Murrill.)
PLANTS AND SEEDS.
I plant of Per sea Per sea. (Given by Mrs. Noble.)
I plant of Crinum sp., from Vera Cruz, Mexico. (By exchange with Dr. J. C.
Harvey.)
10 plants of Opuntia. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. J.
N. Rose.)
142 plants for conservatories, from Bermuda. (Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton
and Mr. Stewardson Brown.)
96 cactus plants from western Kansas. (Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose and Mr.
Wm. R. Fitch.)
I plant of Marica. (Given by Mrs. John P. Althoff.)
3 plants for outside collections. (Given by Miss E. Kittredge.)
21 plants of Hevea brasiliensis. (Given by Federated Malay States, through
Rubber Exhibition.)
4 plants of Hevea brasiliensis. (Given by N. Y. Commercial Co.)
24 plants for conservatories. (Given by Carman Kali Works.)
6 cycads. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.)
4 plants for outside collections. (Given by Mrs. W. Gilman Thompson.)
I plant of Beaucamea recurvata. (Given by Dr. C. Nicolai.)
I plant of Peristeria elaia from Panama. (Given by Dr. J. F. Kemp.)
4 plants of Epidendrum from Jamaica. (By exchange with Department of
Agriculture, Jamaica.)
24 plants derived from seeds from various sources.
I packet seed of Passiflora from Bermuda. (Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton
and Mr. Stewardson Brown.)
I packet seed of Cocos Datyh from Mexico. (By exchange with Dr. J. C.
Harvey.)
I packet of Cuban seed. (Collected by Dr. J. A. Shafer.)
1 packet of seed of Xiphidium xanthorrhizon. (Collected by Dr. J. A. Shafer.)
2 packets palm seeds from Mexico. (By exchange with Dr. J. C. Harvey.)
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM JULY 15 TO OCTOBER 15.
Arden, Stanley. UHevea brasiliensis dans la Peninsule Malaise. Paris, 1904.
Bailey, Frederick Manson. A synopsis of the Queensland flora. Third
supplement. Brisbane, 1890.
Bailey, Frederick Manson. Catalogue of the indigenous and naturalized plants
of Queensland. Brisbane, 1890.
Bailey, Frederick Manson. Lithograms of the ferns of Queensland. Brisbane,
1892.
Bailey, Liberty Hyde. The principles of agriculture. New York, 1898.
Bary, Heinrich Anton de. Lectures on Bacteria. Ed. 2. Oxford, 1898.
Bernays, Lewis Adolphus. Cultural directions for Queensland. Papers on the
cultivation of useful plants suited to the climate of Queensland. First series. Bris-
bane, 1883.
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186
Brown, John Croumbie. Forestry in Norway: vfith notices of the physical
geography of the country. Eklinburgh, 1884.
Brown, John Croumbie. Forestry in the mining districts of the Ural mountains
in eastern Russia. Edinburgh, 1884.
Brown, John Croumbie. Forests and moisture. Edinburgh, 1877.
Brown, John Croumbie. Hydrology of South Africa. London, 1875.
Brown, John Croumbie. Introduction to the study of modem forest economy.
Edinburgh, 1884.
Brown, John Croumbie. Pine plantations on the sand-wastes of France,
Edinburgh, 1878.
Brown, John Croumbie. Reboisement in France . . . with a view to arresting
and preventing the destructive consequences and effects of torrents, London, 1880.
Brown, John Croumbie. School of forest engineers in Spain, indicative of a type
for a British national school of forestry. Edinburgh, 1886.
Brown. John Croumbie. Water supply of South Africa and facilities for the
storage of it. Edinburgh, 1877.
Buiten. Vols. 1-5. Amsterdam, 1907-11.
Conn, Herbert William. Agricultural bacteriology. Philadelphia. 1901.
Cooke, Mordecai Cubitt. Illustrations of British fungi. (Hymenomyutes.)
Vols. 3 and 4. London, 1884-86.
CoRRENS, Carl Joseph Erich. Die neuen Vererbungsgesetze. Berlin, 1912.
Crookshank. Edgar M. A text-book of bacteriology. Ed. 4. London. 1896.
Detmer. Wilhelm. Das kleine pflanzen-physiologische Praktikum. Ed. 4.
Jena, 1912.
Ferguson. John. All about rubber and gutta-percha. Ed. 3. Colombo, 1899.
Garden annual, almanack and address book for 1882. London [1882].
GiBBS, Joseph. Cotton cultivation . . . the barrage of great rivers . . . adapted
to the cultural soils of India. London, 1862.
Handboek ten dienste van de suikerriet-cuUur en de rietsuiker-fabricage op Java.
Vol. 4. Amsterdam, 1911.
Hand-list of ferns and fern allies cultivated in the Royal Gardens [Kew]. London,
1895.
Hand-list of orchids cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew] . Ed. 2. London.
1904.
Holtermann, Carl. In der TropenveU. Leipzig, 191 2.
Hooker, Joseph D ALTON. Himalayan journals. London, 1 891.
Hooker, William Jackson, & Baker, John Gilbert. Synopsis filicum.
Ed. 2. London, 1874.
International rules of botanical nomenclature adopted by the international botanical
congresses of Vienna, 1905, and Brussels, igio. [Ed. 2.] Jena, 191 2.
Kossowicz, Alexander. EinfUhrung in die AgrikuUurmykologie. Part i:
Bodenbakteriologie. Berlin, 191 2.
List of the Linnean society of London. 1905-11.
Lubbock, John. A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings. Popular edi-
tion. London, 1896.
Maigne, . Nouveau manuel complet du fabricant d'objets en caout-
chouc . . . suivi de Vimpermeabilisation des itoffes papiers, cuir, etc. 2 vols. Paris,
1880.
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187
Mathuse. Otto. Bau und Lebenslkmigkeit der Pfianzen. Ein Leitfaden fUr
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Mededeelingen uU 'stands plantentuin. Vols. 1-12. Batavia, 1884-1894.
Meyer, Arthur. Die ZeUe der BakUrien, Jena, 1912.
MObius, Martin. Mikroskopisches PrakUkum fUr systematische Boianik
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Morris, Daniel. Cantor lectures on the plants yielding commercial india-rubber.
London, 1898.
Morris, Daniel. The colony of British Honduras. London, 1883.
Myers, William Shields. Food for plants. [Ed. lo.] New York [1907I.
Nathansohn, Alexander. AUgemeine Botanik. Leipzig, 1912.
Nave, Johann. The collector's handbook of algae, diatoms, desmids, fungi,
lichens, mosses . . . with instructions for the formation of an herbarium. Ed. 3.
London, n. d.
Nicholls, Henry Alfred Alford. Text-book of tropical agriculture. London,
1892.
Official guide to the museums of economic botany. [Royal Gardens, Kew.] No. 2.
Monocotyledons and cryptogams. London, 1895.
Official guide to the museums of economic botany. [Royal Gardens, Kew.] No. 3.
Timbers. London, 1886.
Official guide to the north gallery. [Royal Gardens, Kew.] Ed. 5. London, 1892.
Pearson, Henry C. Crude rubber and compounding ingredients. Ed. 2. New
York, 1909.
Prestoe, Henry. List of duplicate plants in the government botanic gardens,
Trinidad. November, 1894. Port-of-Spain, 1874.
Prodromus florae Batavae. [Ed. 2.] Vols, i and 2 [incomplete].
Queensland agricultural journal. Vols. 1-25 [incomplete].
Report on the progress and condition of the royal gardens at Kew during the year
1882. London, 1884.
RiKLi, Martin Albert. Lebensbedingungen und Vegelationsverhdltnisse der
Mittlemeerldnder und der atlantischen Inseln. Jena, 191 2.
RObel, Eduard. Pflanzengeographische Monographic des Berninagebietes .
Leipzig, 191 2.
Saussine, G. La premihe annie d* agriculture tropicale. Paris, 1900.
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[Sinclair, Augustus Constantine, & Fyfe, Laurence R.] Handbook of
Jamaica for 188 1. Kingston, 188 1.
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Stahl, Christian Ernst. Die Blitzgefdhrdung der verschiedenen Baumarten.
Jena, 1912.
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skopischen Uniersuchung von PJlanzenfasem. Berlin, 191 2.
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and uses of the vegetable astringents, with an index to the literature of the subject,
2 vols. Philadelphia, 1892-94.
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the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradiniya, Ceylon, Colombo, 1888.
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Vries, Hugo db. Het verdelen van kultuur-planten. Haarlem, 1908.
Wagner, Adolf. Vorlesungen Uber vergleichende Tier- und Pjiantenkunde,
Leipzig, 1912.
Warming, Johannes Eugenius BOlow. A handbook of systematic botany.
London, 1904.
WiECHMANN, Ferdinand Gerhard. Sugar analysis. Ed. 2. New York,
1893.
Wright, Herbert. Hevea brasiliensis , , , its botany, cultivation, chemistry
and diseases, Ed. 2. Colombo, 1906.
Wright, Herbert. Rubber cultivation in the British empire. London, 1907.
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Vol. XIII
DECEMBER, 19)2
No. 156
JOURNAL
ov
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
FRED J. SEAVER
Curator
CONTENTS
EoUfiic«l Szploratioii In Bermuda 189
Confcrcoc© Note« , , 194
Niturft-Study LecturM to PoMic 8cbool Cldldreii 196
Ifotci, News and Comtnent. ....,, . 19O
Accessiona , » . , , , 197
Index. ..,.,,., 900
Published for the Garden
At 41 North Qv^mst Srtmn, Lamcastbji, Pa
■T TlH NSW ZtLA PRIirnKG CoM^AKV
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Okf^iobdrs 1912.
pRBsiDiNT— HON, ADDISON BROWN,
Vice-President— ANDREW CARNEGIE,
Teeasuiei— JAMES A. SCRYMSER,
Seceitaey— DR. N. L. BRITTON.
1. ELECTED MANAGEHS,
Term enplrec dmnumry^ 1913«
^ THOMAS H. HUBBARD, J. PIERPONT MORGAN.
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON, GEORGE W. PERKINS,
MYLES TIERNEY,
Tem expire* J»oa*ry, 1914.
EDWARD D, ADAMS. ROBERT W. dk FOREST,
ADDISON BROWN, JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Term eiplrea Januarj, 1915.
N, L. BRITTON. JOHN L KANE.
ANDREW CARNEGIE, W. J. MATHESON,
W. OILMAN THOMPSON.
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS,
Th« Peesioent of the Department of Public Parks,
HON. CHARLES B. STOVER.
The Mavor of the City of New York,
HON. WILLIAM J. QAYNOR.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
PROF. H, H. RUSBY, Chairman.
PROF, EDWARD S. BURGESS. PROF. R. A, HARPER,
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER. PROF, JAMES F. KEMP.
PROR WILLIAM J. GIES, PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE.
HON. E. L. WINTHROP, Je.
DR. N. L. BRITTON. Director-in-Chief, (Development. Administralion.)
DR. W. A. MURRILL, ^Assistant Director. (Administration.)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Htod Curator of tht Museums. (Flowering PlaDta.)
DR. P. A, RYDBERG. Curator. (Flowering Plants.)
DR. MARSHALL A HOWE. Curator. (Flowcrlew Plants.)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER. Curator. (Flowcrless Plants.)
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Curator. (Fossil Plants.)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant.
PERCY WILSON. Astistattt-Curator.
GEORGE V, NASH. Head Gardener.
DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the laboratories.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Librarian.
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections,
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses.
DR. WILLIAM J, GIES, Consulting Chemist.
COL. F, A. SCHILLING. Museum Custodian.
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer.
WALTER S. GROESBECK. Clerk and Accountant.
ARTHUR J. CORBETT. Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds.
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JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vol. XIII. December, 1912. No. 156.
BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN BERMUDA.
With Plates CIII, CIV, CV. CVI. CVII.
To THE Scientific Directors,
Gentlemen: For the purpose of further studying the flora of
Bermuda, and the presumable origin of the plants composing
that flora, I spent the period from August 26 to September 21
on those islands, accompanied by Mrs. Britton and by Mr.
Stewardson Brown, curator of botany in the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences; and accompanied by Mr. Brown,
and by Dr. Fred J. Seaver, a curator of our museums, the
period from November 29th to December 14th, was given to the
same investigation ; I had previously given three weeks to this study
with Mrs. Britton and Mr. Brown, in the autumn of 1905,* during
which period a large portion of the land area of about iqJ^
square miles was studied and collections aggregating 427 field
numbers were made. These were supplemented by Mr. Steward-
son Brown in the winter of 1908 by 231 field numbers and again
by him in the spring of 1909 by 66 field numbers,t and further
by a collection of 85 field numbers by Miss Delia West Marble,
also in the spring of 1909. The two expeditions of 1912 obtained
over 650 field numbers. A total of more than 1,450 separate
collections of plants have thus been made during the progress of
this investigation and these aggregate over 5,000 specimens.
Previous to 1905, the collections of Bermuda land plants avail-
able for students in New York consisted only of a few specimens
*See Journal N. Y. BoL Gard. 6: 153-158. 1905.
t See Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1909: 486-494. 1910.
189
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190
preserved in the herbarium of Columbia University, obtained by
Mr. I. F. Holton in 1854 and presented by him to Dr. Torrey,
and a small lot brought back by Professor James F. Kemp in
1885, contained in the same herbarium.* The collections ob-
tained during the present expedition have made the representa-
tion of the Bermuda flora at the New York Botanical Garden the
best in the world; a nearly complete duplicate set of the her-
barium specimens has been deposited at the Academy of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia.
Attention has been given to the study and collecting of all
land plants, cryptogams as well as phanerogams.
To Mr. Benjamin D. Gilbert's '* Revision of the Bermuda
Ferns'* published in 1898,! we have added no species.
Mrs. Britton's work on the mosses has added greatly to the
known species growing in Bermuda.
An account of the liverworts was published by Professor A. W.
Evans in 1906 ;t one species has since been added.
Dr. Marshall Aver>' Howe of our staff visited Bermuda in the
summer of 1900, and made large collections of marine algae, but
other visits at different times in the year are necessary to make
his knowledge of the algal flora measurably complete. There is
little known as yet about the microscopic algae.
The numerous lichens collected are now being studied by
Professor L. W. Riddle and others.
The fungus flora is not completely known. A considerable
number of specimens have been collected and partly studied by
specialists. The *' Challenger" Expedition obtained only 2^
species of fungi, but there are very many more. Mr. and Mrs.
Bernard O. Dodge collected some 40 species in the summer of
191 1. Our second trip of 1912 was especially organized for the
study and collection of these plants by the presence of Dr.
Seaver, who obtained over 150 species, which are now being
studied.
Biologically, and as regards origin, interest centers on the
species native to this little archipelago, so far separated from
♦See Bull. Torrey Bot. Club la: 45-48. 1885.
t See Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 593^^04. 1898.
X See Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 129-135. 1906.
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Journal of the New York Botanical Garden.
Plate CIV.
Bermuda Red Cedar (Juniperus bermudiana) Harrington House, Bermuda.
ENDEMIC Bermuda Species.
An
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191
other land both in distance and by the abysses of the ocean. The
approximate number of these known up to the present time is
indicated in the following table.
Flowering plants 150 species, of which about 10 are endemic.
Ferns and fern allies 19 " " " 4
Mosses and moss allies 51 " •• •• 3 ••
Lichens 50 " " '* some 6 *'
Fungi 175 " " " at least 8 '* **
Algae 250 ** " " some _5 **
About 695 About 36
Some species of land plants recorded as observed in Bermuda
many years ago cannot be found there now, and these have either
been obliterated by the destruction of their habitats, or some of
the old records are erroneous. Some species previously regarded
as native, seem more likely to have been introduced.
The endemic flowering plants, ferns and mosses now increased
by subsequent study from my estimate of 11 in 1905 to 16 or 17
are related in greater or lesser degree to species of the West
Indies, the southeastern United States or tropical continental
America, the two apparent exceptions to this relationship noted
in my report of 1905 having since been found to have American
congeners. They are not nearly as closely related to old world
types as to American, and the conclusion that they have beea
derived from American ancestors by modification or mutation-
during long periods of isolation from their relatives seems in-
evitable. Knowledge of the endemic lichens and fungi is as
yet too imperfect to yield a similar conclusion, but this appears
likely, and the five endemic algae are American in affinity.
Excluding the endemic lichens, fungi and algae, the nearest
living relatives of the endemic species appear to be as follows;
this suggested relationship need not imply that the Bermuda
species have been derived from the others, but common ancestry
is probable.
I. Eleocharis bermudiana Britton,* Bermuda Spike-rush,
nearest to Eleocharis albida Torrey, of the southeastern
United States and West Indies.
* Eleocharis bermudiana Britton, n. sp. Culms slender, weak. 3 dm. long or
less; spikelet thicker than that of E, albida, the black trigonous achene short-
beaked. Marshes. Type from South Shore Road, Bermuda {Brown and Britton,
No. 240),
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192
2. Carex bennudiana Hemsley, Bermuda Sedge, nearest to
CarexWalteriana Bailey, of the southeastern United States.
3. Sabal Blackbumianum Glasebrook, Bermuda Palmetto,
nearest to Sabal Palmetto (Walt.) Lodd., of southeastern
United States, Bahamas and Cuba.
4. Peperomia septentrionalis S. Brown, Bermuda Peperomia,
nearest to Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) Dietr., of Florida and
the West Indies.
5. Sisyrinchium bermudianum L., Bermuda Iris, related to
Sisyrinchium alatum Hooker of Mexico more closely than
it is related to any species of the United States or the
West Indies.
6. Eleaodendron Laneanum A. H. Moore, Bermuda Olive-
wood, nearest to Eleaodendron attenuatum A. Rich., of
Cuba and the Bahamas.
7. Ascjrrum macrosepalum S. Brown,* Bermuda St. Andrew's
Cross, nearest of A. Hnifolium Spach of Florida and the
Bahamas.
8. Chiococca bermudiana S. Brown, Bermuda Snowberry,
Blolly, nearest to Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc, of Florida
and the West Indies.
9. Erigeron Darrellianus Hemsley, Bermuda Fleabane, ap-
parently related to Aster falcatus Klatt., of Central
America.
10. Juniperus bennudiana L., Bermuda Red Cedar, nearest to
Juniperus lucayana Britton, of the Bahamas.
'II. Adiantum bellum Moore, Bermuda Maidenhair-fern, nearest
to Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. & Fisch., of South Amer-
ica. Recently recorded from Guiana, but the equiva-
lency not yet proven.
12. Diplazium Laffanianum (Baker) Christensen, Governor
Laflfan's Fern, nearest to Asplenium Mildei Kuhn, of the
South American Andes, according to Gilbert.
'i' Ascymm macroiepalum S. Brown, n. sp. Differs from i4. /tm/o/fum Spach,
by the larger leaves; broadly ovate, heart-shaped sepals which are ia-12 mm.
long and 7-9 mm. broad and in the seeds which are greenish brown instead of
black and larger, nearly i mm. long, and broader in proportion to their length.
Frequent in marshes and on hillsidea. Tvoe from Paget Marsh, Bermuda {Brown
<ind Britton, No, 11 36),
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Journal of the New York Botanical Garden.
Plate CVI.
Bermuda Tan-bark {Elaeodendron Laneanum) near Castle Harbor, Bermuda.
ENDEMIC Bermuda Species.
An
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193
13- Dryopteris bennudiana (Baker) Gilbert, Bermuda Shield-
fern, nearest to Dryopteris asplenioides (Sw.) Kuntze, of
Jamaica, and perhaps not specifically distinct from it,
14. Dryopteris Speluncae (L.) Underwood, Ten-day Fern, ap-
parently nearest related to Dryopteris ampla (H. & B.)
Kuntze, of the West Indies and tropical continental
America.
15. Campylopus bermudianus R. S. Williams,* Bermuda Cam-
pylopus, nearest to Campylosus tortuosus (Hampe) Paris^
of the West Indies.
16. Tortula bennudiana Mitten. The affinity of this presum-
ably endemic Bermuda moss has not yet been satis-
factorily determined.
17. Crossotolejeunea bennudiana Evans, Bermuda Hepatic,
nearest to Crossotolejeunea paucispina (Spruce) Steph., of
Brazil and Guadeloupe.
The following species have been described from Bermuda
specimens and supposed to be endemic:
1. Rjrnchospora domuccensis A. H. Moore is Rynchospora
distans (Michx.) Vahl, of the southeastern United States
and Cuba.
2. Limonium Lefro3ri (Hemsl.) Britton is Limonium carolin-
ianum (Walt.) Britton, of the eastern United States.
3. Euphorbia bennudiana Millsp. is Euphorbia Blodgettii
Engelm., of Florida, Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica.
4. Galium bermudianum L. is the same as Galium hispidulutn
Michx. of the Southeastern United States and the Baha-
mas.
The native species of flowering plants, ferns and mosses, other
than the endemic ones, all exist on the American mainland or on
West Indian islands. About eighty per cent, of them grow in
Florida or the West Indies, or in both these regions. The greater
portion of the native land flora has, then, come to Bermuda from
the southwest.
* CampylopttB bermttdiantts R. S. Williams, n. sp. Forming dull green tufts
about 4 cm. high, smaller than C. tortuosus; leaves 6 mm. long or less, about one-
third as long as those of C. tortuosus, the costa only about one-half as wide.
Paget Marsh, Bermuda (Stewardson Brown, No, 651),
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194
I reject, as merely fanciful, the theory that Bermuda area of
land and shoal has ever had land connection, either with the
continent or with the West Indies.
An analysis of the native flora excluding the thallophytes,
indicates that the transportation of all its species may reasonably
be referred to one or the other of three methods.
1. All the halophytic (salt-loving) species, and those with
fruits which can retain vitality in salt water have floated
to Bermuda. These number 41. All the marine algae
have come in the same way.
2. Hurricane winds sweep all light objects in the course of the
storm to great heights in the atmosphere, from which they
slowly fall over very wide areas. To this transportation
through the air may confidently be referred spores of all
land cryptogams, and seeds and fruits of flowering plants
appended so as to float readily in the air, such as those
of some grasses and composites. In this category some
83 species are to be included.
3. To migratory birds, carrying seeds and fruits swallowed by
them for food, or mechanically attached to their bodies
and thus transported in flight, are to be referred the
function of bringing the smaller-seeded species of the
native flora, other than those transported by water or
wind. These number about 97.
N. L. Brixton,
Director 'in-Chief.
CONFERENCE NOTES.
The November conference of the scientific staff and registered
students of the New York Botanical Garden was held in. the
laboratory on the afternoon of November 4, with Dr. Murrill
presiding.
Mr. F. D. Fromme gave a report of the studies which he made
during the past summer under a scholarship granted by the New
York Botanical Garden. In the collection and study of parasitic
fungi particular attention was given to the rusts. Collections
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Journal of The New York Botanical Garden.
Plate CVII.
Bermuda Palmetto {Sabal Blackburnianum) , Pembroke Marsh, Bermuda,
endemic Bermuda Species.
An
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195
were made in the vicinity of New York City, at several points
in New Jersey and at Woods Hole and the nearby islands on the
coast of Massachusetts. Some fifty species of rusts in all were
collected on seventy hosts. All forms were collected in duplicate.
One set will be added to the herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden and the other will be sent to Professor Arthur. Some of
the forms obtained are especially interesting and will prove a
valuable addition to the collection in the herbarium.
There was also given by Dr. A. B. Stout a summary of his
observations during the past year on bud variation in Coleus
Blumei. In these studies two plants which produced bud sports
during the autumn of 191 1 were used as parents and cuttings
from both the parent stock and from the bud sports were grown
to determine the constancy of the leaf coloration and the tendency
to produce new bud variations.
The leaves of the parent plants have a color pattern of green,
red, and yellow with the yellow strongly developed toward the
margins of the leaves. On these plants, and on plants grown
from cuttings, several branches appeared with the leaves lacking
the yellow blotches. One parent plant has produced two bud
sports, one with no yellow in the leaves and one with the leaves
almost entirely red in color. This plant now possesses three
different kinds of branches in regard to leaf coloration.
One of the plants grown from the first series of cuttings hcis
produced several branches bearing leaves with the green at the
margin and the yellow in the center. The color pattern has been
reversed. Two other plants have produced branches showing the
color pattern arranged in the stem and leaves as a sectorial
chimera.
Living plants showing these different kinds of variation were
exhibited.
Pedigreed cuttings of these plants will be grown for a continued
and a more intensive study of the phenomena of bud variation.
A. B. Stout.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
NATURE-STUDY
196
LECTURES TO
CHILDREN.
PUBLIC SCHOOL
The nature-study lectures, with accompanying demonstra-
tions, to the pupils of 4B and 5B grades of the Public Schools of
the Bronx were given in the lecture hall of the Museum Buildings
of the Garden during October and November.
The course included ten lectures which were delivered by
Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. H. H. Rusby, Dr. M. A. Howe, Mr. G. V.
Nash, and Dr. F. J. Seaver, assisted by six teachers as dem-
onstrators.
With the exception of the lecture on the afternoon of November
7, which was abandoned on account of inclement weather, two
lectures were held on each lecture day, the first commencing at
10:15 A.M. and the second at 1:45 P.M.
The accompanying table of attendance was prepared by
Principal Stevens of Public School 44.
4B Lectures.
5B Lectures.
A.M. ;
P. M. j
Total.
A. M. Lectures.
P. M. Lectures.
Total.
Lectures. 1
Lectures.
00 1
Vi
CO
CO
E
to
CO
S ! ^
s
ja
to
to
&
.2
'5.
•g 1 '^
J3
u
B.
•g
a
•g
a
JS
Q.
s £i
g , £ 1
^
a.
s
Cu
2
s.
s
3
CU
H 1 1
H '
H
H
H
H
14 403 '
26 1 634
40
1037
9
241
16
436
25
677
13 255 •
00 1 000
13
255
II
349
18 1 465
29
814
II
329
13
312
24
641
53
1292
Grand total, both grades
78 ^132
131 3424
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Dr. Ezra Brainerd, of Middlebury College, Vermont, spent
several days at the Garden in November in continuation of his
work on violets.
Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, curator of botany in The Field Museum
of Natural History, Chicago, spent several days at the Garden in
November compiling notes for a second edition of his "Flora of
West Virginia.*'
Digitized by VjOOQIC
197
The Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden volume 8,
number 28, was issued November 23. This number contains the
following papers: '*New Species from Bolivia Collected by R. S.
Williams/* by Dr. H. H. Rusby ; "The Polyporaceae of Mexico,"
by Dr. W. A. Murrill, and ** Additions to the Paleobotany of the
Cretaceous Formation on Long Island," by Dr. Arthur Hollick.
This number contains the descriptions of 143 species previously
unpublished.
The regular annual meeting of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science was held in Cleveland, Ohio, Decem-
ber 31, 1912, to January 3, 1913. Representatives from all of
the leading scientific institutions were in attendance and partici-
pated in the reading and discussions of scientific papers.
Meteorology for November. — The total precipitation recorded
for the month was 2.47 inches. Maximum temperatures were
recorded as follows: 65® on the 6th, 74° on the 12th, 68® on the
2 1 St, and 52° on the 30th. Minimum temperatures were
recorded of 25° on the 4th, 32.5° on the loth, 26° on the 19th,
and 22° on the 28th. The first killing frost of the season was
on November 3.
ACCESSIONS.
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM.
I specimen of Herpotrichia nigra from Colorado. (By exchange with Dr. F. D.
Kern.)
75 specimens, ** Fungi Dakotenses." fascicles 5. 6 and 7. (Distributed by Dr.
J. F. Brenckle.)
I specimen of Nectria Ipomoeae from New Jersey. (By exchange with Dr. M. T.
Cook.)
I specimen of Tubercularia vulgaris from Indiana. (By exchange with Dr. F. D.
Kern.)
4 specimens of fleshy fungi from Staten Island. New York. (Given by Dr. B.
O. Dodge.)
1 specimen of Hydnum Caput-ursi from Staten Island, New York. (Coll. by
Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
30 specimens of fungi from Marshfield, Oregon. (By exchange with Dr. H. D.
House.)
IS specimens of fleshy fungi from New Jersey. (By exchange with Mrs. F. M.
Pearse.)
2 specimens of fungi from Indiana. (By exchange with Dr. F. D. Kern.)
Digitized by VjOOQIC
198
I specimen of fungus from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Dr. F. D. Kern.)
ISO specimens of fungi from New York. (Collected by Dr. F. J. Seaver.)
I specimen of Porodd cuius pendulus from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
Mr. Paul J. Anderson.)
34 specimens of fungi from Washington. (By exchange with Mr. S. M. Zeller. )
4 specimens of fleshy fungi. (Collected by Professor R. A. Harper.)
36 specimens of fleshy fungi from Yellowstone National Park. (By exchange
with Dr. W. J. Robinson.)
22 specimens of fungi from Seattle, Washington. (By exchange with Mr. S. M .
Zeller.)
960 specimens of flowering plants from Jamaica, West Indies. (Collected by
Mr. William Harris.)
18 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Brother Hioram.)
6 specimens of Drepanocladus from Montreal, Canada. (By exchange with
Professor H. Dupret.)
1 si>ecimen of PapiUaria nigrescens from Florida. (By exchange with Mr.
Severin Rapp.)
7 specimens of mosses from South Dakota. (By exchange with Mr. S. S. Visher. )
4 specimens of mosses from Pictou, Canada. (Given by Dr. C. B. Robinson.)
68 specimens of flowering plants from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Brother
Hioram.)
2,500 specimens from Cuba. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton. Mr.
John F. Cowell and Miss Harriet L. Britton.)
93 specimens of flowering plants from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, San Piedras, Porto Rico.)
53 specimens of flowering plants from Cuba. (By exchange with Brother Leon.)
120 specimens of mosses from North America. (From the herbarium of J. H.
Hart.)
2 specimens of A triplex and Eriogonum from the western United States. (Given
by Dr. E. L. Greene.)
353 specimens of flowering plants from Nevada. (Collected by Dr. A. A.
Heller.)
1 specimen of Phlox suhulata from New York. (Given by Professor J. F. Kemp.
2 specimens of mosses from Quebec, Canada. (By exchange with Professor
H. Dupret.)
40 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr. George
Osterhout.)
1 specimen of Linaria Linaria showing spurred and spurless peloria. (Given
by Mr. John Macallum.)
3 specimens of Chamaesyce from Louisiana. (Given by Mr. E. C. Wurzlow.)
2 museum specimens of Holacanlha Emoryi from Arizona. (Given by Dr. R. E.
Kunze.)
I specimen of Juniperus bermudiana from Harrington Sound, Bermuda. (Given
by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
6 specimens of drugs. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
I specimen of Melochia corchorifolia from Louisiana. (Given by Mr. E. C.
Wurzlow.)
85 specimens, mostly Cadi. (By exchange with the Smithsonian Institution.)
Digitized by VjOOQIC
199
1 2 sp^mens from Stockbridge, Massachusetts. (Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton. )
350 specimens of Cacti. (Collected from plants under cultivation in the green-
houses, mostly by R. S. Williams.)
3 photographs of Macleania insignis, Thibaudia laurifolia, and Vaccinium
cordatum. (From the Botanical Garden, Brussels, Belgium.)
I specimen of Sophoclesia nummularifolia. (By exchange with the Botanical
Garden, Berlin, Germany.)
5 specimens, with photographs, of Cavendishia glutinosa, C. Graebneriana, C.
Wercklei, C. costaricensis, and C. Hoffmanni, (By exchange with the Botanical
Garden, Berlin, Germany.)
6 specimens of flowering plants from Russia. (By exchange with the United
States Department of Agriculture.)
I specimen of Eugenia unifiora from Harrington House, Bermuda. (Given by
Dr. N. L. Britton.)
I specimen of Japanese plum. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
I specimen, with photograph, of Vaccinium fissum. (By exchange with the
Royal Botanical Museum, Munich, Germany.)
3 photographs of Vaccinium eriocladum and V. micranlhum. (From the De-
Candolle Herbarium.)
1 photograph of Vaccinium Myrsiniles. (From the Museum of Natural History,
Paris. France.)
2 specimens, with photographs, of Vaccinium angustifolium and V. angusti-
folium glaucescens. (From the Royal Gardens, Kew, England.)
7 specimens of mosses from North and South America. (By exchange with
Mr. Jules Cardot.)
5 specimens of Hepaticae from Maine. (By exchange with Miss Annie Lorenz.)
10 specimens of marine algae. (By exchange with Mrs. A. Weber- van- Bosse.)
14 specimens of ferns from America. (By exchange with the Bonaparte Her-
barium, Paris, France.)
4 specimens of lichens from Washington. (By exchange with Mr. A. S. Foster.)
1,500 specimens from Bermuda. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton,
Mr. Stewardson Brown, and Fred J. Seaver.)
100 specimens "Uredineen," fascicles XLIX and L. (Distributed by H. & P.
Sydow.)
25 specimens '* Phycomyceton et Phycometen," fascicle VII. (Distributed by
H. & P. Sydow.)
35 specimens " Ascomycetes," fascicle 51. (Distributed by Dr. Heinrich Rehm.)
6 museum specimens from Bermuda. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
280 specimens of flowering plants from Texas. (Distributed by Mr. Albert Ruth. )
2 specimens of peat from the Everglades and Miami River, Florida. (Given
by Mr. C. F. Sulzner.)
1 root of Ficus aurea from an open well near Miami, Florida. (Given by Mrs.
Russell H. Nevins.)
2 museum specimens from Cuba. (Collected by Mr. Percy Wilson.)
114 specimens of flowering plants from Tobago, West Indies. (Distributed by
Mr. W. E. Broadway.)
Digitized by VjOOQIC
INDEX.
Abies no
balsamea in
brachyphylla in
cephalonica in, 117
cilicica in, 117
concolor in, 117
firma in, 113
Fraseri in
grandis 4
homoUpis in, 112, 117
lasiocarpa in
nobilis in, 117
Nordmanniana in, 117
numidica in
PfV^o in
Pinsapo in
sibirica 112
umbellala 112, 117
Veitchii 112, 117
Abrams, Prof. L. R. n, 12
Abyssinian banana 79
Accessions, see N. Y. Botanical Garden
i4c«' macrophyUum 3
^cowi<Mm Fischer i 164
ylcrocomia 147
fusiformis 170
Adder *8-tongue 160
Adianlum bellum 192
cuneatum 192
Adirondacks, Collecting fungi in the 174
i4gai'* 24, 57, 70
Ageratum 164
conyzoides 164
Aitchison, Thos. 103
Alder 2, 3, 10, 177
Alecioria 6
Aleuria 45
Alfalfa 150, 160
i4/o« 57
Aloes 8s
Alpine violets 135
Alpinia nutans 79
offircinarum 79
vUatta 79
Alsberg, C. L. 18
Alsophila 14
Amanita muscaria 8
Amanitopsis vaginata 5
American hemlock 115
yew 114
Ames, Miss Adeline 46
Anacardium occidentale 73
Anderson, Mr. P. J. 130
Anderson, Prof. H. W. 130
Andreaea 27
Andrews, Dr. A. L. 27
Anemone 161 ^
Anhalanium 57
i4n/A^afi/AM5 70
Antrodia noUis 175
A pier a 56
Apple tree 1 1
Aquilegia 124
canadensis 123, 124
Arboretum, The Letchworth Park 35>
Archidium 27
Arisaema triphyUum 67
ArmiUaria 55
albolanaripes 5
Arthur, Prof. J. C. 16. 61, 84, 195
ilmm 68
triphyUum 68
Arundinaria macrosperma 55
-45cyn<m linifolium 192
macroiepalum 192
Ash 55, 157-159
Asimina 165
triloba 164
Aspens 2
Aspergillus flavtis 126
fumigatus 126
nf^«' 126
nigricans 126, 127
Asplenium Mildei 192
i45/« falcatus 192
Asters 139, 164, 181
Azalea viscosa 103
Azaleas 102, 103
Baccarini, Prof. P. 106
Bald cypress 55
Ballenger 126
Balsam 174
fir III, 175, 177
Banana 78
Abyssinian 79
Chinese dwarf 78, 85
common 78
house. The 78
Bancroft, Dr. W. D. 61
Banker, Dr. H. J. 120
Bannwart. Mr. Carl 104
200
Digitized by VjOOQIC
201
Barbados gooseberry 58
Barnes 148
Barnes, P. T. 58
Bamhart, Dr. J. H. 104
Jacquin's Seiectarum stirpium his-
toria iconibus pictis 99
Barratt, Mr. S. A. 7a
Barrigona palm 143
Basswood 157. 177
Btaucamea 57
Beech 176
Begonia 73
BeUis perennis loi
Bemis, Mr. W. H. 93, 94
Benedict. Mr. R. C. 15
Bermuda. Botanical exploration in
(Pis. CIII.-CVII.) 189
campylopus 193
fleabane 193
hepatic 193
iris 193
maidenhair-fern 193
olive-wood 193
palmetto 193
peperomia 193
red cedar 193
St. Andrew's cross 193
sedge 193
shield-fern 193
Snowberry 193
spike-rush 191
Berry, Mr. E. W. 16, 84
Bessey. Prof. C. E. 139, 148
Bihai 79
aureO'Striata 79
geniculata 79
iUustris rubricaulis 79
Birches i, 3. 176, 177
Bird-of-paradise-flower 78
Queen's 78
Bird's-foot violet 135
Wild plants needing pro-
tection (PI. XCIX.) 13s
Bizzaria plants 106
Bjerkandera adusta 175
Blair. Prof. J. C. 16
Blakeslee. Dr. A. F. 16
Blodgett. F. H. 83
Blolly 193
Blue spruce, Colorado ii3
Boletes of the Lake Placid region, The
polypores and 175
BoUHnus cavipes 178
pictus 178
Boletus 163
ClinUmianus 178
ItUeus 5
Bombax ^emarginaium 139
Boote, iAr. G. M. 73
Borden. T. E. 58
Borscht. Dr. von 84
Botanical exploration in Bermuda
(Pis. CIII.-CVII.) 189
exploration in Cuba 33
exploration in Cuba, Further 69
exploration in Oriente, Cuba 93
exploration in Pinar del Rio, Cuba
136
explorations in Santa Clara and
Oriente 169
Botanizing in the Yellowstone Park 160
Bottle-brush tree 85
Box-elder 157
Brainerd. Dr. Ezra 45. 196
Brandegee, Mrs. 9
Brett, Colonel 160
Britton, E. G. Thoughtless destruction
of jack in the pulpit (PI. XCIV.)
68
Wild plants needing protection, i.
Jack in the pulpit (PI. XCIII.)
67; 3. Spring beauty (PI. XCV.)
91; 3. wad Pink (PI. XCVII.)
109; 4. Wild columbine (PI.
XCVIII.) 133; 5. Bird's-foot
violet (PI. XCIX.) 135
Britton. Miss H. L. 69
Britton, Dr. N. L. i. 17. 33, 36, 45,
47, 60, 93. 104, 107. 136, ISO,
169, 174, iSi, 183. 196
Botanical exploration in Bermuda
(Pis. CIII.-CVII.) 189
Charles Finney Cox 31
Development of the path S3r8tem
of the Garden 134
Further botanical exploration in
Cuba 69
William Bayard Cutting 77
Britton. Mrs. N. L. 37, 46, 69, 150. 183,
189, 190
Bromeliads 57
Bronx River flood 63
Brooks. Dr. Charles 36
Brooks. Mr. Theodore 97
Brougktonia 170
Brown, Prof. J. G. 47
Brown, Mr. Stewardson 183, 189
Bryhn 81
Buchanan, Mr. G. R. 73
Buckwheat 164
Burbank, Mr. Luther 10, 151
Burlingham. G. S. 18, 45
Burrill, Prof. T. J. 60. 61
Burt. E. A. 177
Butterfly orchid 18
Cacti, spineless 10. 151
Caaus 57
Harlowii 74
Cactus, hedgehog 57
Digitized by VjOOQIC
202
Cactus, melon- 74
mistletoe 57, 64
semaphore 73
Turk's-head 57
Calabash tree 143
Calceolaria hyhrida loi
Calceolarias loi
CalcyophyUum 72
Callas, yellow 104
Callistemon 85
Camel 58
Campanulas 104
Campbel, Angus 172
Campbell, Prof. D. H. 105
Campion, starry no
Campylopus bermodiAiitis 193
iortuosus 193
Campylopus. Bermuda 193
Candle-wood, Jamaica 25, 26
tree. The flowering of the Ja-
maica 25
Cafiizares, Dr. F. G. 76
Canker, chestnut 41-43, 46, 130
convention. The chestnut 41
Canning, John loi
Cardiff, Dr. I. D. 163
Car ex bermudiana 192
Walteriana 192
Carnegie, Mr. Andrew 99
Carnegiea 47
giganlea 57
Carrion-flowers 56
Carter, Mr. 6
Ca^cara 3
Sagrada 3
Cashew-nut 73
Caslalia alba candidissitna 106
Marliacea carnea 106
rosea 106
tuberosa 106
Catalpa 71
Caitleya Gigas 103
Cedar-apple rus^ts 61
Ccrlar, Japanese 114
red 12, 116
Bermuda 192
white r, 3, 6, 55, 56, 116
Cedar? 115
Ccdrus 113
atlantica 113
atlantica aurea 113, 114
glauca 113, 117
Deodara 113, 114
Century plants 57
Cephalocereus 57
Cephalolaxus 114
drupacea 114
Fortunei 114
pcdunculala fasligiata 114
Ccreus 57
Cereus. night-blooming 57
Ceriomyces auriporus 178
communis 178
subglabripes 178
subtomtntosus 178
viscidus 178
Cerrena unicolor 175
Chamaecyparis 112, 113
Lawsoniana 112, 113
Alumi 112, 113
Nootkalensis 112, 113
obtusa 113, 117
JUicoides 113
lycopodioides 113
pisifera 113
plumosa sulphurea 1 13
squarrosa 113
VeiUhii 113
thyoides 113
Andelyensis 113
Chora 145
Charles, Miss Vera 182
Chestnut 42, 44
canker 41-43. 46, 130
convention, The 41
Childs. Mr. J. L. 102, 104, 179-181
Chimeras 106
Chinese dwarf banana 78, 85
Chinese ginger plant 79
tea paintings given to the Museum
172
Chiococca alba 192
bermudiana 192
Chrysanthemum 71, 180
Chrysobalanus 140, 141
Cinchona 72
Citrus 97
Clark. E. D. 18
Clayton, John 91
Claytonia 92
caroliniana 92
virginica 91, 92
Clemens, Mrs. M. S. 59
Clinton, Dr. G. P. 16
Clitocybe 55
Clover 5
red 150
white 150
Coast. Collecting fungi on the Pacific
(Pis. LXXXV.-XC.) I
Coccolhrinax 140
Cockcroft, Miss M. T. 179, 180
Cocos crispus 147
Coffee 97, 171
Coker, Dr. W. C. 120
CoUus Blumei 195
Collecting fungi in the Adirondacks 174
on the Pacific coast (Pis.
LXXXV.-XC.) I
Collections, The succulent plant $6
Digitized by VjOOQIC
203
Colorado blue spruce 112
Colpothrinax Wrighlii 137, 143
Coltricia perennis 175
iomentosa 175
Columbine, wild 123
Wild plants needing protection
(PI. XCVIII.) 123
Common banana 78
plantain 25
silver fir in
Comocladia 170
Conference notes 14, 27, 44. 58, 80, 194
Conoclinium coelesUnum 164
Constable. Mrs. F. A. 103, 104, 179. 180
Construction work, see N. Y. Botanical
Garden
Convention, The chestnut canker 41
Ccok, Dr. M. T. 36, 151
Cooke 126
Copeland. Dr. E. B. 14. 58. lod
Copemicia 75, 137, 143
Coral honeysuckle 162
CorioUUus ser talis 175
Coriolus abieiinus 175
bifortnis 175
nigromarginaiui 175
prolificans 176
puhescens 176
versicolor 176
Corn 12
Cornuti 124
Coryphantha cubensis 172
Costus 79
igneus 79
Malorlieanus 80
Cottonwoods 12
Cowee, Mr. Arthur 180
Cowell, Mr. J. F. 46, 69, 172
Cox, Mr. C. F. 21, 23. 35
Cox. Charles Finney 21
Cox, Mr. J. S. 70, 72, 73, 98
Craig, Prof. John 130
Crandall, Prof. C. D. 16
Crataego-mespilus Asnieresii 106
Dardari 106
Craterellus cornucopioides 5
Crescentia 143
Crocuses 63
Crossotolejeunea bermudiana 193
pauci spina 193
Cryptomeria japonica 114
Cuba. Botanical exploration in 23
Botanical exploration in Oriente 92
Botanical exploration in Pinar del
Rio 136
Botanical explorations in Santa
Clara and Oriente 169
Further botanical exploration in 69
Cuban live-oak 144
walnut 171
Cuervo, Sr. A. F. 142
Cuming 58
Cup-fungi 45
Curran, H. M. 58
Currants, wild 162
Curtis. Prof. C. C. 163
Cutting, R. F. 77
Cutting. Mr. W. B. 77
Cutting, William Bayard 77
Cyaihea 14
Cycads 9, 69
Cyclamen 161
Cyperus 140
Cypress, bald 55
Cypripediutn reginae 18
Cytisus Adami 106
DaedaUa confragosa 176
Daffodils 63
Dahlias 181
Daisy. English loi
Darling, Dr. C. A. 18, 163
Darlington. Mr. H. 103, 104, 179, i8i
Darwin 22
Darwiniana 22
Davis. Prcf. B. M. 16, 163
Destruction of Jack in the pulpit.
Thoughtless (PI. XCIV.) 68
Development of the path system of the
Garden 124
Dichrosiachys nutans 171
Diesend, Mr. J. G. 93
Diospyros 17
Diplazium Laffanianum 192
Dismal Swamp of Virginia, Some
features of the (Pis. XCI.,
XCII.) 53
Dodge. Dr. B. O. 105, 190
Dodge, Mrs. B. O. 190
Donors
Althoflf. Mrs. J. P. 185
Andrews, Dr. A. L. 19
Arthur. Prof. J. C. 184
Bartlett. Mr. H. H. 48
Batchelor, Mr. S. G. 166
Bethel, Prof. Ellsworth 38
Blenkinsop. Mr. L. 49
Boeder, Mr. R. 167
Bradley, Mrs. C. C. 20
Breitenbach, Mr M. J. 184
Britton, Dr. N. L. 19, 184. 198, 199
Britton, Mrs. N. L. 20, 38, 121,
131, 152. 167, 168
Broadhurst, Miss Jean 165
Broadway, Mr. W. E. 165
Brown, Mrs. Francis 168
Bush, Mr. B. F. 108, 132. 152. 166
Clark, Dr. E. D. 64
Clark, Mr. J. L. 86
Clarke. Hon. G. H. 121
Digitized by VjOOQIC
204
Donors — Continued
CockereU, Mrs. W. P. i68
Cuesta. Dr. Eugenio. 152
CockereU, Prof. T. D. A. 165. 168
Curtis, Dr. C. C. 167
Davis, Rev. John 121
Deamess, Mr. John 19
Delafield. Mrs. J. R. 167
Dodge, Dr. B. O. 166. 197
Donlevy, Miss Alice 165
Dowell. Dr. Philip 19
Dnimmond, Mr. J. W. 167
Eggleston, Mr. W. W. 49
Federated Malay States 185
Ferguston. Miss 167
Field. Mr. D. D. 166, 184
Fisher, Mr. G. C. 168
Frank, Mrs. G. L. 168
Frank. Mrs. L. E. 167
Frith, Mr. C. B. 167
Gates, Mr. M. F. 167
German Kali Works 185
Greene, Dr. E. L. 198
Hallock, Mrs. W. A. 86
Harper, R. A. 49
Harper, Dr. R. M. 19. 153, 184
Harris. Mr. William 38
Harvey, Mr. J. C. 165
Haynes, Miss C. C. 48, 49, 108
Henderson & Kom, Messrs. 167
House, Dr. H. D. 38, 184
Howe, Jr., Dr. R. H. 121
Hunicke, Mr. F. H. 20
Hunt, B. W. 168
Janson, Mr. K. P. 20
Keitt, Mr. G. W. 168
Kelsey, Mr. H. P. 168
Kemp, Prof. J. F. 121, 185. 198
Kittredge, Miss E. 168, 185
Klein, Mr. M. F. von 167
Kom, Messrs. Henderson & 167
Krout. Dr. A. F. 184
Kunz^, Dr. R. E. 166. 198
Kupfer, Miss E. M. 166
Leon, Brother 38, 86, 167
Long, Mr. Bayard 121
Lorenz, Miss Annie 19, 184
Macallum, Mr. John 198
MacDougal, Dr. D. T. 167
Mackenzie. Mr. K. K. 166
MacNeil, Mr. W. J. 167, i68
Manda, Mr. W. A. 166
Monterey Tree Growing Club 86
Mulford, Miss Fanny 168
Murrill, Mrs. W. A. 121
Natural History Museum, Vienna,
Austria 65, 86
Kevins, Mrs. Russell H. 199
N. Y. Commercial Co. 185
Nicholas, Dr. F. C. 38
Donors — Continued
Nichols, Dr. G. E. 48
Nicolai, Dr. C. 185
Nix. Mr. H. J. 167
Noble. Mrs. 185
Otis, Mr. J. P. 168
Overholts, Mr. L- O. 153, 166
Pearse, Mrs. F. M. P. 184
Pierson Co., F. R. 167
Rautenberg, Mrs. 49
Robinson, Dr. C. B. 19, 121, 153.
198
Roles. Mr. F. C. 184
Roorback. Mrs. Eloise 166
Rusby, Dr. H. H. 20, 48, 86, 153.
166-168. 198, 199
Schilling. Col. F. A. 49
Schniewind, Jr.. Mr. H. 20
Scorup, Miss Edna 64, 65
Scott, Mr. William 19
Seaver, Dr. F. J. 121. 166
Simmonds, Mr. Edward 108
Slosson, Miss Margaret 184
Small, Dr. J. K. 37
Snyder, Mr. H. B. 48
Stearn, Mr. E. P. 65
Steams, Mr. Elmer 49
Steele, Mr. E. E. 19
Stempel, Mrs. J. H. T. 20
Stout, Dr. A. B. 86
Sulzner, Mr. C. F. 199
Sumstine. Prof. D. R. 152. 166
Swingle, Mr. W. T. 152
Sykes, Mr. G. 167
Thomas, Dr. W. S. 184
Thompson. Mrs. W. G. 185
Tracy, Mr. S. M. 49
Tricker, Mr. Wm. 49
U. S. Department of Agriculture 19
Walcott. Mr. W. O. 152, 165
Werckl4. Mr. C. 168
White. Mr. W. A. 165
Willey, Miss Florence 166
WilUamson. Prof. C. S. 183
Wurzlow, Mr. E. C. 19, 198
Yasuda, Prof. A. 166
Doubiansky. Prof. Vladimir 183
Douglas spmce 116
Dow C. M. 39, 40
Drosera 137
Dryopteris ampla 193
asplenioides 193
bermudiana 193
Speluncae 193
Dwari banana. Chinese 78. 85
yellow evening-primrose 161
Dyck, Prof, von 84
Eads 13
Ear, A fungous infection of the 126
Digitized by VjOOQIC
205
Earle. Prof. F. S. 14a, 143
East Indian garland flower 79
Eastwood. Miss Alice 63
Echinocaaus 57
Echinocereus 57
Echinopsis 57
Edible fungi i. I3, 174
Eggleston, Mr. W. W. 106
Elder, box- 157
EUaodendron aiUnualum 193
Lantanum 193
EUocharis 140, 141
aUnda 191
bennodiana 191
Eifvingia fomentaria 176
megaloma 176
Ellis 148
Elm 158
Elmer, A. D. E. 58
Emerson, Miss J. T. 37, 160
Engelmann 13
English daisy loi
yew 114
EpiphyUum 57
Erigeron 94
Darrellianus 193
Erythroxylon 35
tUaUrnifolium 35
Eucalyptus 9, 11
Eupaloriwn coelesUnum 164
Euphorbia bermudiana 193
BlodgeUii 193
Eulurpe 97
Evans, Prof. A. W. 80, 83» 190
Evening-primrose 160, 161
dwarf yellow 161
Evergreens, Winter-killing of no
Exchanges
Agricultural Experiment Station,
Porto Rico, West Indies 184, 198
Anderson, Mr. P. J. 198
Arthur, Prof. J. C. 30, 37
Ashe, Mr. W. W. I3i
Atkinson, Prof. G. F. 153
Baker, Prof. C. F. 38
Banker, Prof. H. J. 37
Bartholomew, Mr. E. 64
Belhatte, Mr. C. 37. 64
Bethel, Prof. Ellsworth 64, 153. 166
Biological Survey, Washington,
D. C. 86
Bonapeurte Herbarium, Paris,
France 199
Botanical Garden, Utrecht, Hol-
land 30, 131, 184
Botanic Garden, Bonn, Germany
65
Botanic Garden, Budapest 65
Botanic Garden, Karlsruhe, Ger-
many 65
Exchanges — Continued
Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg,
Russia 86
Botanic Garden, Tabcr, Bohemia
65
Botanic Garden, Zurich, Switzer-
land 65
Brace, Mr. L. J. K. 86
Brenckle, Dr. J. F. 166
Brotherus, Prof. V. F. 48
Buffalo Botanic Garden 49. 167
Bureau of Agriculture, Manila 168
Bureau of Plant Industry, Wash-
ington. D. C. 49, 65, 86, 131, 167,
168
Bush, Mr. B. F. 86
Cardot, Mr. Jules 108, 199
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 19, 38
Chamberlain. Dr. C. J. 167
Clements, Prof. F. E. 153
CockereU. Prof. T. D. A. 184
Cook, Dr. M. T. 197
Cornell University 153
Cuesta> Dr. Eugenio 133
Davis, Dr. John 19
Davis, Prof. B. M. 37
Department of Agriculture, Ja-
maica 185
Dixon, Mr. H. N. 131
Dobbin, Mr. Frank 108
Dodge, Dr. B. O. I3i
Dupret. Prof. H. 198
Fairman, Dr. C. E. I3i
Fairmont Park 167
Fawcett, Mr. G. L. 166
Felippone. Dr. Florentino 108
Field Museum of Natural History
165
Fink, Prof. Bruce 38. 85, 153, 166
Foster. Prof. A. S. 30. 49. 65. I3i,
131. 184. 199
Frye. Dr. T. C. IS3
Garrett, Prof. A. O. 166. 184
Geological Survey of Canada 30,
37.64
Gould, Miss H. M. 167
Greenman. Dr. J. M. 184
Harvey. Dr. J. C. 167. 185
Hedgcock. Dr. G. G. 133
Herbarium of Harvard University
86
Hioram. Brother 198
House. Dr. H. D. 85, I33. 153, 197
Hurrell & Lager. Messrs. 30, 38*
167
Johnston, Mr. J. R. 49. I33
Kaiser. Dr. G. B. 37. 49. 65, io8
Kem. Dr. F. D. 30. 85, 166. 197.
198
Digitized by VjOOQIC
206
Exchanges — Continued
Knight & Struck. Messrs. 20, 167
Lager & Hurrell, Messrs. 20. 38, 167
Langton, Mr. Thomas 38
Leon, Brother 198
Long. Prof. W. H. 122
Lorenz. Miss Annie 199
Liinell, Dr. John 64. 166. 185
MacMillan, Mr. H. G. 152
Manda. Mr. A. J. 86
Manda. Mr. J. A. 20, 38
Merominger. Mr. E. R. 38
Mills. Mr. H. R. 121
Millspaugh, Dr. C. F. 108
Missouri Botanic Garden 167
Natural History Museum, Paris
108
Nelson. Prof. Aven 49
Nichols, Dr. G. E. 131, 152, 183
Northrop, Mrs. A. R. 108
Osterhout, Mr. G. E. 20, 198
Overholts. Mr. L. O. 64
Pearse, Mrs. F. M. 197
Pennington, Prof. L. H. 85
Public Gardens, Jamaica, W. L 49
Range, Dr. Paul 38
Rapp, Mr. Severin 198
Robinson. Dr. C. B. 153
Robinson, Dr. W. J. 198
Roorbach, E. 153
Rorer, Mr. J. B. 38
Roth, Dr. George 19
RoyaJ Botanical Garden. Berlin,
Germany 165. 184, 199
Royal Botanical Museum. Munich.
Germany 199
Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta,
India 167
Royal Botanic Garden. Glasnevin,
Dublin, Ireland 49. 65. 185
Royal Gardens, Kew, London,
England 85. 184
Schaffner, Prof. J. H. 20
Seed Laboratory, Ottawa. Canada
20
Sheldon. Prof. J. L. i66
Smithsonian Institution 198
Stanford University 49
Stephani, Mr. Franz 37
Struck & Knight, Messrs. 20. 167
Sumstine, Prof. D. R. 153
Tricker, Mr. Wm. 167
Umemura, Mr. J. 166
U. S. Department of Agriculture
167. 199
U. S. National Museum 20, 37, 38.
65, 86, 121, 131, 132. 152. 165-
168. 185
University of California loS, 121
University of Michigan 49
Exchanges — Continued
University of Wyoming 152
Urban, Prof. Ignatius 152
Visher. Prof. S. S. 185, 198
Weber-van Bosse. Mrs. A. 199
Wolf. Prof. F. A. 153
Zeller, Mr. S. M. 38, 49, 85. 198
Exhibitions, Flower 179
Exploration in Bermuda. Botanical
(Pis. CIII.-CVII.) 189
in Cuba, Botanical 23
in Cuba. Further botanical 69
in Oriente. Cuba. Botanical 92
in Pinar del Rio, Cuba, Botanical
136
Explorations in Santa Clara and
Oriente, Botanical 169
see N. Y. Botanical Garden
Fairchild. Dr. David 127
Features of the Dismal Swamp of
Virginia. Some (Pis. XCI..
XCII.) S3
F6nix. E. 58
Fern. Bermuda maidenhair- 192
shield- 193
Governor Laffan's 192
ten-day 193
tree- 9. 14. 95. 99. I44
Fig-marigolds 56
Fir 2, 4-7, 10, no, 1 12, i6a
balsam in. 175, 177
common silver in
red 3. 6. 7
yellow 6
Fire-pink no
Fireweed 94
Fleabane, Bermuda 192
Fleshy fungi 8, 45, 46, 129, 160. 162, 163
Flower exhibitions 179
shows. Spring and summer (PI,
XCVI.) 100
Flowering of the Jamaica candle-
wood tree. The 25
Flowery raspberry, white 162
Fomes Laricis 4
populinus 176
roseus 176
ungulatus 176
Fomitiporia pereffusa 176
prunicola 176
Forget-me-not 161
Forrestal. Mr. Thomas 93
Foxworthy. F. W. 58
Fringe tree 74
Fringed gentians 161
Fromme, Mr. F. D. 106, 194
Frullania 82
Frye, Prof. T. C. 3
Fungi, cup- 45
Digitized by VjOOQIC
207
Fungi, edible i,. 12, 174
fleshy 8, 45, 46, 129, 160. 162, 163
gill- 4. S, 11, 36. 46. 148. 174
in the Adirondacks, Collecting 174
on the Pacific coast. Collecting
(Pis. LXXXV.-XC.) I
parasitic 106. 120. 151, 194
poisonous I, 12
Fungous infection of the ear. A 126
Further botanical exploration in Cuba
69
Fuscoporia ferruginosa 176
Gager. Dr. C. S. 18. 47. 60. 61
Galium bermudianum 193
hispidulum 193
Garcia-Rijo, SeRor Rafael 170
Garden, Development of the path
system of the 124
Garland flower, East Indian 79
GasUfia 56
planifolia 85
Gasterias 85
Gates, Mr. & Mrs. 145
Gaussia princeps 139
Gay-wings 74
Gelsemium sempervirens 55
Gentians, fringed 161
Geonoma 137
Gerardia 161
Gesneria 72
Gies, Prof. W. J. 17. 129
Gilbert, Mr. B. D. 190, 192
Gill-fungi 4, 5, II, 36, 46, 148, 174
Ginger plant 79
Chinese 79
Gladioli 104, 180. 181
Gladiolus Niagara 102
Panama 102
Silver Sheen 102
Gloeophyllum hirsuium 176
Glory-of-the-snow 63
Gloxinias loi
Gooseberry 162
Barbados 58
Governor LafTan's fern 192
Grass, pepper- 25
Gray. Dr. Asa 93
Greenman, J. M. 36
Grisebach, Prof. 71
Grosvenor, Mr. J. L. 17a
Grub, Lawns ruined by the white 149
white 149, 150, iss
Gruenberg, B. C. 18
Gum, sour- 55
Gymnosporangium 61
Gyroporus cyanescens 178
Hall, Mr. C. H. 172
Halsted, Supt. E. W. 142
Hannington, Bishop 82
Hapalopilus rulilans 176
Hariota 57
Harkness 9, 11
Harper, Prof. R. A. 17, 35, 36, 80, 151
Harper, Dr. R. M. 35
Harris. Mr. William 26
Harrisia 141. 169
Harrison, Mr. W. R. 170, 171
Harshberger, Prof. J. W. 163
Hasse 148
Havemeyer. Mr. T. A. 101-103, 130,
179-181
Hawkweeds 4
Haworthia 56
Haynes, Miss C. C. 80. 82
Heald, Dr. F. D. 163
Hedgcock. Dr. G. G. 120
Hedgehog cactus 57
Hedychium coronarium 79
Gardnerianum 79
Helianlhus Maximiliani 164
Heliconia 79
Hemitelia 14
Hemlock 3. I77
American 115
Sargent's 115
Hemp, Manila 79
Hepatic, Bermuda 193
Herbarium, The McClatchie 147
Hexagona strialula 176
Historia iconibus pictus, Jacquln's*
Selectarum stirpium 99
HoUick, Dr. Arthur 16, 83, 104, i8a, 197
Some features of the Dismal
Swamp of \lrginia (PU.
XCL. XCn.) S3
Hollyhocks 131
Holly, Japanese 116
Holton, Mr. I. F. 190
Honduras sarsaparilla 84
Honeysuckle 162
coral 162
Hooker, Sir William 26
Hops 9
Hop-tree 26
Home, W. T. 18
Horticultural Society 100. loi, 179, 182
Houard. Dr. C. 151
House. H. D. 18
Howe, Dr. M. A. 48. 60. 62. 80, 82, 104.
129, 181. 190. 196
Howe, Mr. R. H. 45
Huber, Dr. Jacques 163
Hughes, Richard 179
Hutchinson. W. I. 58
Hyacinth, water 140
Hydnum Auriscalpium 5
Hydrangeas 180
Hygropkorus ebumeus 5
Digitized by VjOOQIC
208
Hylocereus 57
Icaco 140. 141
Ilex crenaia ii6. 117
Indian turnip 67
Infection of the ear, A fungous 126
Inonotus radiatus 177
Iris, Bermuda 192
Spanish 63
Irises 103, 179
Japanese 179
Irpiciporus lacUus 177
Ischnoderma fuliginosum 177
Jack-in-the-pulpit 67, 69
Thoughtless destruction of (PI.
XCIV.) 68
Wild plants needing protection
(PI. XCIII.) 67
Jackson Prof. H. S. 57
Jacquin. N. J. 99
Jacquin's Selectarum stirpium historia
iconibus pictis 99
Jamaica candle-wood 25, 26
tree. The flowering of the
25
James 27
Japanese cedar 114
holly 11 6
irises 179
yew 114
Jassemin 55
Javanese orchid 18
Jenman 14
Jensen. C. 81
Johnson, Dr. D. S. 47
Jonquils 63
Juglans cubensis 171
Juniperus 96. 115
bermudiana 192
chinensis 116, 117
Pfitzeriana 116, 117
communis 115
hibernica 115
hcrizontalis 115, 117
lucayana 192
prostrata 115
rigida 115
Sabina 115, 116, 117
virginiana 116, 117
glauca 11 6, 117
Kaffir orange 128
The (fig. i) 127
Kearney, Mr. T. H. 60
Kemp, Prof. J. F. 190
Kent, Mr. 10
Kern, Dr. F. D. 16, 61, 84
Keyser, Mr. J. G. 145
Killing of evergreens, Winter- no
Kindberg 28
Kirkwood. J. E. 18
KUinia 56
Kupfer. E. A. 18
Lachnea 45
Lactaria 45, 162
deliciosa 5
Lady-slipper, white 18
LcLelia anceps 18
Jlava 18
superbiens i8
Laeliopsis 75
Laffan's fern, Governor 192
Lager & Hurrell loi. 103. 104
Lahodny. A. loi, 103. i79
Lake Placid region, The polypores and
boletesof the 175
La Londe, Mr. E. 94
Larch 177
Large-leaved maple 3
Larkspur 161
Lawns ruined by the white grub 149
Leaf -miners, oak 130
Lectures, see N. Y. Botanical Garden
to public school children, Nature-
study is)6
Leek, purple 162
Lejeuneae 82
Lcmaireocereus 57
Leon, Brother 24, 25. 71. 76, 147
Leopard-moth, The (Pis. C.-CII.) 155
Lepidium virginicum 25
Leptocereus 24, 71, 74
arbor eus 71
assurgens 71
Leoni 24, 71
Lesquereux 27
Letchworth. Hon. W. P. 41
Park Arboretum. The 39
LeuchUnbergia 57
Leucobryum 27
Leucophanes 27
Lewisohn, Adolph loi
Libocedrus decurrens 9
Lilacs loi, 130
Cristophe Colomb 102
Dame Blanche 102
Edmund Boissier 102
Mad. Antoine Buchner loi
Milton 102
Miss Ellen WiUmott 102
Montaigne 102
Montgolfier 102
Monument Carnot 102
Negro 102
Pasteur 102
Reaumer 102
Sieboldi 102
Volcan 102
Digitized by VjOOQIC
209
Lilies 63. 161, 180
pond- 162
water- 106, 140, 142
Lilium microphyUum 104
Limonium carolinianum 193
Lefroyi 193
Lindberg 27
Linnaeus 27. 68. 91, no, 124, 136
Live-oak 9, 11
Cuban 144
Liverwort 162
Livingston, B. E. i8
Lloyd, Prcf. F. E. 17, 84, 120, 163
Loblolly pine 115
Lodge pole pine i6a
Loher, A. 59
Long-spurred pansy 135
Lupine 162
Macdonald, Mr. J. A. loi, 179, 180
Macoun. Prof. 28
Magnolia 55
MagriAa. Don Ramon 76
Maguey 70
Maidenhair-fern. Bermuda 192
Malpighia 24, 25
cubensis 24
Mamillaria 57
MammaricUa 139
Mangrove 95, 138, 143
Manila hemp 79
Maple 3. 5, 10, 157. 176-178
large-leaved 3
red 55
silver- 156, 157
sugar- 157, 174, 176. 177
Maraflon 73
Marasmius 60
siccus 5
Marble, Miss D. W. 189
Marcgravia 36
oligandra 36
SinUnisii 36
umbellata 37
Marchaniia 162
Masdevallia 19
Maurel, Mr. Charles 98
Maxon, Mr. W. R. 14, 15, 71
McAlpin, Gen. E. A. 103
McClatchie, Prof. A. J. 12, 147
herbarium. The 147
McGill, Mr. 71
McGregor, R. C. 58
Meadow beauty 84
Medinilla magnifica 84
Meinecke. Dr. E. P. 35
Melon-cactus 74
Merrill, E. D. 58
Merritt. M. L. 58
Mesembryanthemum 56
Meteorology, see N. Y. Botanical
Garden
Mexican rain tree 171
Meyer, Mr. Frank 182
Meyer, R. 58
Michaux, Andr6 no
Micrococcus 127
Miller. John loi, 180
Miller, Dr. Oscar von 84
Mills. Mr. Ogden 136
Millspaugh, Dr. F. C. 196
Miscanthus 105
Mistletoe 6, 8
cactus 57, 64
Mitten, Mr. William 82, 83
Mock orange 103
Molcn, Prof. Girolamo 150
Monbretias 180, 181
Montezuma pine 9
Moore, Mr. Clement 103, 104
Moore, Prof. G. T. 11. 13, 61
Morgan 148
Morus 97
Moss, resurrection 4
Spanish 6
Mossman, J. P. 103
Moth, The leopard- (Pis. C.-CIL) 155
Muir, John 10
Murrill, Dr. W. A. 17, 44-46, 60, 104,
128, 129, 163, 181, 182. 194. 197
Chinese tea paintings given to the
museum 172
Collecting fungi in the Adiron-
dacks 174
Collecting fungi on the Pacific
coast (Pis. LXXXV.-XC.) i
Lawns ruined by the white grub 149
The chestnut canker convention 41
The McClatchie herbarium 147
The pclypcres and boletes of the
Lake Placid region 175
Murrill, Mrs. i, 6, 45, 174
Musa 78
Cavendishii 78, 85
coccinea 79
Ensete 79
paradisiaca 78
rosacea 79
sapientum 78
textilis 78
zibrina 79
Museum, Chinese tea paintings given
to the 172
Myginda uragoga 24
Myrica 141
Narcissus 63, loi
Nash, Mr. G. V. 37. 60, 63, 64. 85, 104,
128. 129, 151, 165, 181. 196
Flower exhibitions 179
Digitized by VjOOQIC
210
Nash, Spring and summer flower shows
(PI. XCVI.) 100
The banana house 78
The Letchworth Park Arboretum
39
The succulent plant collections56
Winter-killing of evergreens no
Nature-study lectures to public school
children 196
Newberry 16
New York Botanical Garden
Accessions 19, 37, 48, 64. 85. 108.
121, 131. 152. 165. 183. 197
Bronx River flood 62
Construction work 124
Explorations i, 23. 69. 92, 136,
169, 174. 189
Lectures
Autumn 128
Late Autumn 181
Spring 60
Summer 104
To public school children, 183,
196
Meteorology', 1911, December 19;
1912, January 37; February 48;
March 85; April 107; May 108;
June 121; July 131; August
152; September 165; October
183; November 197
Precipitation, see Meteorology
Publications of the staff, scholars
and students for 191 1 28
Rainfall, see Meteorology
Reports r, 23, 69, 92, 136, 169, 174.
189
Temperature, see Meteorology
Nichols, Howard 179
Night-blooming rereus 57
Nix, Mr. H. J. 74
Nopalea 57
NortanUa 36
guianensis 36
North American Flora 15, 16. 27, 60,
61, 84, 151
papaw 164
Notes, news and comment 15, 35, 45,
60, 83, 105, 120, 129, 150, 163,
182, 196
Nyctocereus 57
Oak I, 3. 5. 6, 8, 9. 76, 130, 131
leaf-miners 130
live- 9, II
Cuban 144
pin 157
tan-bark 10
willow- 55
Octoblephartim 27
Oenothera 16
Olive, Dr. E. W. 16, 120
Olive wood. Bermuda 192
Oncidium Kramerianum 18
Opuntia 47, 57
macracaniha 72
Orange, Kaffir 128
The Kaffir (fig. i) 127
-trees 12
Orcldd, butterfly 18
Javanese 18
Oriente. Cuba, Botanical exploration in
92
Botanical explorations in Santa
Clara and 169
Overholts, Mr. L. O. 130
Overton, Prof. J. B. 129
Pachycereus 57
Fachystigma 26
puleoides 26
Pacific coast. Collecting fungi on the
(Pis. LXXXV.-XC.) I
Paeonia lutea 102
Moiitan 102
Paintings given to the Museum.
Chinese tea 172
Palm 9, II. 12, 24, 75, 8s, 140, 144,
147. 171
barrigona 143
royal 137. I39. 140, 14S
Palmetto 76
Bermuda 192
Pansy 135
long-spurred 135
Panus 55
Papaw, North American 164
Paphiopedilutn 18
Alcides 18
insigne 18, 19
Harefield hall 18
Wm. McKinUy 18
Parasitic fungi 106. 120, 151, 194
Par ilium elaiutn 139
Pas si flora 24
Paterson, Adam 179
Path system of the Garden, Develop-
ment of the 124
Pauroiis 137. 140
Paxillus involuius 5
Pear, prickly- 72
PezLS, sweet 104, 179, 180
Peck, Dr. C. H. 148, 174, 177
Peck, Prof. M. E. 4
Peltostigma pteleoides 25
Peltostigma, ptelea-leaved 26
Pennington, Dr. L. H. 60
Peonies 102, 104, 130
tree 102
Peperomia oblusifolia 192
septentrionalis 192
Digitized by VjOOQIC
211
Peperomia, Bermuda 193
Pepper-grass 25
-trees 12
Pereskia $8
BUo s^
cubmsis 58, 74
Pereskia 58
Pereskiopsis 57
Perrier, M. Edmond 48
Persimmon 17, 55
Pfeiflfer, Mr. G. W. 71
Phaeolus sisMremoides 177
Philadelphus 103
Coquette 103
Lemoine's Glory 103
Manteau d'Hermine 103
Mer de Glace 103
PhUbotaenia 74
Phlox, white 161
Pkragmipedium 18
Cleola 18
Piaropus azurea 140
Picea 112
Abies 112
ajanensis 112
alba 112
brevifolia 112
canadensis ii2» 117
Engelmannii 112, 117
excelsa 112
Mariana 112
Maximowiczii 112
obovata 112
Omorika H2, 117
orientalis 112, 117
^/i7a 112, 117
pungens 112, 117
glauca 112
rubens 112
Pierson Co.. F. R. loi, 103
Pimento 97
Pinar del Rio, Cuba, Botanical explora-
tion in 136
Pine 2, 3, 72, 94, 115, 137. 138. 140,
143, 144. 146. 162, 174 ,
loblolly 115
lodge pole 162
Montezuma 9
white 115, 178
yellow 55
Pineapple plants 79
Pinguicula 137
Pink, fire- no
wild 109, no
Wild plants needing protection
(PI. XCVII.) 109
Pin oak 157
Pifion 12
Pinus 115. 143
austriaca 115, 117
Pinus, Banksiana 115, 117
Cembra 115, 117
contorta 4, 115
cubensis 97
dcnsiflora 115
nana 115
excelsa 115. 117
koraiensis 115, 117
montana Mughus 115. 117
moniicola 115
PaUasiana 115. 117
parvi flora 115
P«t<:« lis, 117
ponderosa 9, iiS
pungens 115, 117
resinosa 115
rigfda 115
Sabiniana T15
Strobus 115, 117
sylveslris 115, 117
Tfl^rfa 115
Thunbergii 115, 117
Piptoporus suberosus 177
Pisonia 75
Pithecolibium Saman 171
Plagiochila 82
Plant collections. The succulent 56
Plant, ginger 79
Chinese 79
sensitive 75
Plantago major 25
Plantain 78
common 25
Plants, Bizzaria 106
century 57
needing protection. Wild. i. Jack
in the pulpit (PI. XCIII.) 67;
2. Spring beauty (PI. XCV.) 91;
3. Wild Pink (PI. XCVII.) 109;
4. WUd Columbine (PI.
XCVIII.) 123; 5. Bird's-foot
violet (PL XCIX.) 13s
pineapple 79
Platyclinis glumacea 18
Plukenet 68, 91, 136
Plumiera 73
Podewils-Duemitz, Count 84
Poisonous fungi i, 12
Pole pine, lodge 162
Polygonum polysiachyum 164
Poly podium 15
podocarpum 14
Polypores and boletes of the Lake
Placid region. The 175
Pdyporus balsameus 177
crispellus 178
elegans 177
fissus 177
glomeraius 177
Poly poms 177
Digitized by VjOOQIC
212
Pond, Dr. R. H. 83
Pond-lily 162
Poplars I. 2. 162
Popp, P. W. 103. 179
Porella 83
Porta attenuata 177
Porodaedalia Pint 177
Portulaca grandiftora 92
Precipitation, see N. Y. Botanical
Garden
Price. O. W. 40
Prickly-pear 72
Primrose, dwari yellow evening- 161
evening- 160, 161
PringUeUa 28
Prunus pennsylvanica 176
Pseudotsuga mucronata n6, 117
taxifolia 3
PUlea trifoliaia 26
Ptelea-leaved peltostigma 26
Public school children, Nature-study
lectures to, 196
Publications of the staff, scholars, and
students of the New York Botan-
ical Garden during the year
1911 28
Puccini a malvacearum 131
Puffballs 4
Purdie, William 26
Purple leek 161
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus 177
Pyropoly porus igniarius 177
Queen's bird-of-paradi?e flower 78
Querciis Garryana 6
RadioviUaria 15
Radula 82
Rain tree, Mexican 171
Rainfall, see N. Y. Botanical Garden
Ramos, Maximo 58
Raspberrj% white flowery 162
Ravenala madagascariensis 78
Red cedar 12, 116
Bermuda 192
clover 150
fir 3, 6, 7
maple 55
spider ii6
Redwood 10, 11
Reed, Dr. G. M. 121
Rees, Mr. Charles 92, 93
Reid 148
Reports, see N. Y. Botanical Garden
Resurrection moss 4
Reiiniipora 112, 113
Rhamnus Purshiana 3
Rhexia virginica 84
Rhipsalis 57. 63
alata 64
Rhipsalis, Cassutha 64
pentaptera 64
RegneUii 64
rhombea 64
sulcata 64
Rhisophora 95
Rhododendron catawbiense 116. 117
maximum 116, 117
Rhododendrons 103, 116
Riccardia 82
Riccia 82
Richards. Prof. H. M. 60
Riddle. Prof. L. W. 190
Robinson. Dr. C. B. 16. 58. 150
Robinson, Miss W. J. 18, 160
Roosevelt, Mr. J. B. 170
Rose. Dr. J. N. 47, 71
Rosenbluth. R. 58
Roses, 12. 103, 179
Rossati, Mr. Guido 150
RosikoviUs granulalus 8, 178
Royal palm 137, 139, 140, 145
Rusby, Dr. H. H. 60. 129. 196. 197
Rush, Bermuda spike- 191
Russula 45, 162
nigricans $
Rusts, cedar-apple 61
Rydberg, Dr. P. A. 60, 129. 182
Rynchospora distans 193
domuccensis 193
Sabal 137, 143
Blackbumianum 192
Palmetto 76, 192
Sage-brush I2
-bush 162
St. Andrew's cross, Bermuda 192
Santa Clara and Oriente, Botanical
explorations in 169
Sargent's hemlock 115
Sarsaparilla. Honduras 84
Saxifrage 109
Sayre, Dr. R. H. 172
Schokalsky, Prof. Jules de 183
Scholars, and students of the New
York Botanical Garden during
the year 191 1. Publications of
the staff. 28
School children. Nature-study lectures
to public 196
Schwarze, Mr. C. A. 151
Scott Bros. 179
Scrymser, Mr. J. A. 35
Seashore. Prof. C. E. 130
Seaver, Dr. F. J. 18. 45, 104, 105, 182,
189,190, 196
The leopard-moth (PIp. C.-CII.)
15s
Sedge, Bermuda 192
Sedum 160
Digitized by VjOOQIC
213
Selby. A. D. i8
Selectarum stirpium historia iconibus
pictis, Jacquin's 99
SeUnicereus 24, 57
Semaphore cactus 73
Senecio 56
Sensitive plant 75
Sequoia giganUa 114
sempervirens 10
Setchell, Prof. 9. 148
Shafer. Dr. J. A. 25, 75
Botanical exploration in Pinar del
Rio, Cuba 136
Botanical exploration in Oriente,
Cuba 92
Botanical explorations in Santa
Clara and Oriente 169
Shattuck, Prof. 160
Shaw, Henry 46
Shear. Dr. C. L. 83
Shell flower 79
Shield-fern, Bermuda 193
Shooting-star 161
Shows, Spring and summer flower (PI.
XCVI.) 100
Shreve, Dr. Forrest 47
Siegel, Mr. Henry 103, 104
Silene no
caroliniana 109
pennsylvanica no
sUUata no
virginica no
Silver fir, common in
Silver-maple 156. 157
Simmonds, Mr. Edward 128
Sisyrinchium alatum 192
bermudianum 192
Small, Dr. J. K. 27. 105, 182
The Kaffir orange (fig. i) 127
Sroartweed 161
Smilax ornata 84
Smith. Rev. H. G. 169
Snowberry, Bermuda 192
Snowdrops 63, 161
Society, Horticultural 100, loi. 179, 182
Some features of the Dismal Swamp of
Virginia (Pis. XCI., XCH.) S3
Sour-gum 55
Southwick, Dr. E. B. loi, 129
Spanish moss 6
iris 63
Sphaerocarpos 82
Sphagnum 27. 174
Spike-rush, Bermuda 191
Spineless cacti 10. 151
Spiraea 157, 162
Spiral-fiags 79
Spring and summer flower shows (PI.
XCVI.) 100
-beauties 67, 91
Spring beauty. Wild plants needing pro-
tection (PI. XCV.) 91
Spruce 3, 112, 162, 174
Colorado blue 112
Douglas 116
tiger-tail 112
Spurges 57
Squills 63
Staff, scholars, and students of the
New York Botanical Garden
during the year 191 1, Publi-
cations of the 28
Stapdia 56
Starry campion no
Stevens, Dr. F. L. 17
Stevens, Principal 196
Stirpium historia iconibus pictis, Jac-
quin's Selectarum 99
Stokes. Mr. A. P. 179
Stone, Mr. R. E. 16
Stonecrop 161
Stout, Dr. A. B. 17, 104. 105, 195
A fungous infection of the ear 126
Conference notes 14. 27, 44, 58,
80, 194
Stover, Prof. W. G. 130
Strasburger, Prof. Ekluard 105
Slrelitzia Nicolai 78
reginae 78
Strychnos 127
spinosa 127
Stuart, James 103, 179
Students of the New York Botanical
Garden during the year 191 1,
Publications of the staff, scholars,
and 28
Succulent plant collections. The 56
Sugar-cane 145, 171
-maple 157. i74. 176, I77
SuiUeUus luridus 1 78
Summer flower shows. Spring and
(PI. XCVI.) 100
Sumstine, Dr. D. R. 35. 129
Sunflowers 164
Swamp of Virginia, Some features of
the Dismal (Pis. XCI., XCII.) 53
Sweet peas 104, 179, 180
Sycamore 158
Syringa 103
Tabebuia 75
Tamarack 174
Tan-bark oak 10
Taxodium disUchum 55
Taxus 114
baccata 114
canadensis 114
cuspidata 114, 117
brevi folia 114
nana 114, 117
Digitized by VjOOQIC
214
Taylor, Mr. Norman 60, 84
Tea 172, 173
paintings given to the museum,
Chinese 172
Temperature, see N. Y. Botanical
Garden
Ten-day fern 193
Tener. Governor 41
Thorn, Dr. Charles 16
Thomson, Prof. R. B. 16
Thomber, Prof. J. J. 130
Thoughtless destruction of jack in the
pulpit (PI. XCIV.) 68
Thrinax 24
punctulata 24
Thujopsis Standishii 113
Thuya 113
japonica 113, 117
occidentalis 113
orientalis 113
plicata 3
Standishii 113
Tiffany, Mr. L. C. loi. 180
Tiger-tail spruce 112
Tomatoes 94
Topp, Miss Emily 105
Torre. Prof. Carlos de la 76
Torrey, Dr. 190
Torreya nicifera 115
Tortula bermudiana 193
Trachycarpus excelsus 8$
Traveler's tree 78
Tree, apple 1 1
bottle-brush 85
calabash 143
-ferns 9, 14, 95, 99, 144
fringe 74
hop- 26
Mexican rain 171
orange- 12
peonies 102
pepper- 12
The flowering of the Jamaica
candle- wood 25
traveler's 78
tulip 158. 183
Trelease, Prof. William 13. 46, 61
Trevor, Mrs. J. B. 179, 180
Tricholoma 4
Trumpet vine 75
Tsuga canadensis 115
pendtda 115, 117
Tulips 63, 102
Tulip tree 158, 183
Tumion nuciferum 115
Turk's-head cactus 57
Turnip, Indian 67
Twin-fiower 161
Tylopilus felUus 178
gracilis 178
Tyromyces 178
anceps 177
balsameut 177
chioneus 5. 178
criiptUus 177
EUisianus 177
guUulatus 178
semipileatus 178
Underwood, Prof. 80. 81, 83, 148
Ulricularia 137
Vanda tricolor suavis 18
Vanilla vine 75
Vanoverbergh, Father M. 59
Venus-slippers 18
Viburnum 162
opulus 157
Victorin, Brother 25
Vidal, Sebastian 58
Vine, trumpet 75
vanilla 75
Viola calcarata 135
pedata 135. 136
virginiana bicolor 136
tricolor 136
Violet, bird's-foot 135
Wild plants needing pro-
tecUon (PI. XCIX.) 13S
VioleU 4. 67, 13s, 136, 160. 196
Alpine 135
Virginia. Some features of the Dismal
Swamp cf (PU. XCL. XCII.) 53
Viltaria 15
Gardneriana 15
lalifolia 15
minima 15
Moritziana 15
remota 15
stipitata 15
Williamsii 15
Vries, Prof. Hugo de 128, 151. 182
Waby, Mr. J. F. 163
Wagner, Richard loi
Waldron. Mr. L. R. 151
Walnut. Cuban 171
Walpers 26
Walter, Thomas no
Warnstorf, 27
Water hyacinth 140
-lilies 106. 140. 143
Webb, G. 131
Wheat I, 5. 9, 12
Whitaker, Mr. De Beruim 98
White cedar i. 3, 6, 55. 56, 116
clover 150
flowery raspberry 162
grub 149. 150, 155
grub. Lawns ruined by the 149
Digitized by VjOOQIC
215
White lady-slipper i8
phlox i6i
pine IIS, 178
Whitelaw, Andrew 179
Whitford, H. N- 58
Wild columbine 123
Wild plants needing protection
(PI. XCVIII.) 123
currants 163
pink, 109, no
Wild plants needing protection
(PI. XCVII.) 109
plants needing protection, i. Jack
in the pulpit (PI. XCIII.) 67;
2. Spring beauty (PI. XCV.) 91;
3. WUd Pink (PI. XCVII.) 109;
4. WUd columbine (PI.
XCVIII.) 123; s. Bird's-foot
violet (PI. XCIX.) 135
WiUiams. Mr. A. S. 24
Williams, Mr. R. S. 15, 27, 28, 59, 197
Willow 2, 3, s, 162, 173
-oak 55
Wilson. Mr. 104
Wilson. Mr. Daniel 12
Wilson. Prof. G. W. 151
Wilson, Mr. Percy 15, 142, 145
Wilson, Mr. Percy. Botanical explora-
tion in Cuba 23
The flowering of the Jamaica
candle-wood tree 25
Wilson. Dr. W. P. 107
Winter-killing of evergreens no
Woodstock, J. 103
Wright. Mr. Charles 93. 97. 98, 146. I47
Xyris 137
Yasuda. Prof. A. 46
Yellow callas 104
evening-primrose, dwarf 16 1
fir6
pine 55
Yellowstone Park. Botanizing in the 160
Yew 114
American 114
English 114
Japanese 114
Yuua 12. 57
Zamia 69
media 69
Zeller. Mr. S. M. 3
Zingiber Zingiber 79
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Digitized by VjOOQIC
/Dembcra of tbe Corpotatton,
Edward D, Adaub,
JoHK D. AttCHmouj,
Georgk F* Bamma,
EUGINE P. BiCKNKLt.,
GeoRC* S. BOWDOIN,
PlOF. N. L. BlITTOH,
Hon. Addison Biowk,
PtoF. Edw. S. BcmGi««,
Dk. NicHOLAi M. BurtEM^
Akdhiw Carnegik,
Prof. C F. Cuandlia,
William G. Choatx,
Paul D. Cravat a,
Cliveland H, Dodgk.
A* F. Est ab ROOK,
H* C Fabkestocx,
Samuel W, FASscniLD,
James B. Foio.
HmHRY W. DE FOESST,
Robert W, de Forest,
Peqf. W. J. GiES,
Prof. R. A. Haefui,
Edward S. HarekbsSp
A. HlCE^SCHER,
EiENRY R, HOYT,
Thos, H. Huseakd,
Adrjak IfiELiir, Jr.,
Waltkb B. Jrkninqi.
John I, Kane,
Eugene Keixt, Jr..
Prof. James F. Rkkf,
Edw, V, Z. Lawi,
Prof. Frederic S. Ls^
Hon, Seth Low,
Davtd Lrmc,
Edgar U Marston,
W. J. Matbeson,
Ogdew Mills,
J. Ptebpomt Morgaw,
Theodore W. Myers,
Frederic R. Ksweold^
Prof. Hekry F. Ossorn.
Lowell M, Palmer,
George W. Pereins,
Hbkry Phifps,
James R. Pitcher,
M. F. Plant,
JoBTT D» Rock:efeller,
William Rockefeller,
Prop. H. H. Russy,
Db. RsGtKALD H, Say RE.
Jacob H. Schiff,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
James A. Scrymser,
Isaac N. Seligman,
Hkkry a. Siebrxcht,
William D. Sloane,
Kelson Smith,
James Speye^
Francis U Ststsox,
Charles G. Thompsoit,
Dr, W. Gilman Thompson,
Samuel Thornb,
Myles Tikrney,
Louis C Tiffahy,
GsORGC W. VANDftRSlLT^
W. K- V ANDERS I LT,
Hon. Egexton L. Winthrop, ||»
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