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VOLUME X

JANUARY-FEBRUARY-MARCH

NUMBER 1

|Jrooutt& fag 6% National Ijiatoriral CUompang, in (fuarfrrlu, lEniiiona,
3Fonr looka to iJj? Holnnw, at 3ffour iollara Annually,
Hollar a dopu. for £>inn> HnntbFrH, for

National ftatnrtral

(COLOR WORK ON THE COVER OF THIS NUMBER EXECUTED BY STOCKINGER PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND
PRINTING COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY)

Publication Office: Greenfield, Indiana. John Fowler Mitchell, Jr., Manager
Editorial and Subscription Offices: Forty-Second Street Building, New York

ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO THE NEW YORK OFFICES

National

3}iStOriral

FRANK ALLABEN, President
LEWIS A. WILLIAMS, Vice-President
MABEL T. R. WASHBURN, Secretary
DUDLEY BUTLER, Treasurer

fflounril of

3Eoitorial iimtora

FRANK ALLABEN, Editor-in-Chief
MABEL T. R. WASHBURN, Genealogical Editor
WALTER WHIPPLE SPOONER, Associate Editor
JOHN FOWLER MITCHELL, JR., Associate Editor

Ex-California Representa-

PHILANDER KEEP ROOTS

George Washington Memorial As-

sociation
MRS. Louis FLICKINGER

State Recording Secretary Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution

California
ROY MALCOM, A. M., PH. D.

Professor of History, University of

Southern California
MRS. CYRUS WALKER
HONORABLE NATHAN W. BLANCHARD,

[5]

A. M.
live

MRS. JOHN LLOYD McNEiL

past Regent, Colorado, Daughters
of the American Revolution

SDfgttftt ot Columbia
MRS. HENRY F. DIMOCK

President George Washington Me-

modal Association

CAPTAIN ALBERT HARRISON VAN
DEUSEN. Holland Society, Sons of
the American Revolution

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

LEWIS HORN FISHER, LL. M.

Secretary United States Civil Serv-
ice, Fourth District
MRS. MARY STUART SMITH

JFIotiba

MRS. CLAUDE STELLE TINGLEY, B. S.,
M. A.

t^toait

GEORGE P. CASTLE
WILLIAM D. WESTERVELT

Illinois

SAMUEL S. BUTLER
HONORABLE CHARLES E. WILSON
HONORABLE JOHN H. HUNGATE
President First National Bank, La

Harpe
MRS. WASHINGTON HESING

Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Founders and Patriots
MRS. GEORGE A. LAWRENCE
MRS. HENRY CLAY PURMORT
Life-Member Society Mayflower
Descendants in Illinois

Jnbfana

JOHN FOWLER MITCHELL

President William Mitchell Printing

Company
HONORABLE GEORGE H. COOPER

Cashier Greenfield Citizens' Bank

Jotoa

SHERMAN IRA POOL

Sons of the American Revolution,

Iowa State Historical Society
EDWIN WELCH BURCH

First President Iowa Baptist Bro-
therhood
HEMAN C. SMITH

Editor Journal of History

luntuefc?

CHARLES ALEXANDER KEITH, B. A.
OXON.
History and Civics, East Kentucky

Normal School
MRS. WILLIAM H. THOMPSON

Vice-President General, National
Society Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution
Miss MARY NATHALIE BALDY

SBaitu

Miss NELLIE WOODBURY JORDAN
Instructor in History, State Normal

HUGH MACLELLAN SOUTHGATE, B. S.
American Institute Electrical Engi-
neers

ALPHONZO BENJAMIN BOWERS, C. E.
President Atlantic Harbor Railroad

Company
MRS. Louis PRANG

President Roxbury Civic Club
MRS. SARAH BOWMAN VAN NESS
Honorary Life Regent, Lexington,
Daughters of the American Rev-
olution
HENRY Louis STICK, M. D.

Superintendent Grafton State Hos-

pital
Miss CAROLINE BORDEN

Trustee American College, Constan-
tinople

FREDERICK W. MAIN, M. D.

Jackson Chamber of Commerce
MRS. JAMES H. CAMPBELL

State President, United States
Daughters of 1812

[6]

GRAND COUNCIL OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

MRS. FORDYCE HUNTINGTON ROGERS

Ex-Dean Women, Olivet College
MRS. FREDERICK BECKWITH STEVENS
Miss MARCIA MARIA RICHARDSON

Mayflower Descendants, Colonial
Dames

MRS. MARY ELIZABETH BUCKNUM
Minneapolis Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution

Miss LUELLA AGNES OWEN

Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science and
American Geographical Society

T. J. FlTZPATRICK, M. S.

Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science

ELEANOR HAINES, M. D.

Life-Member, New Jersey Historical

Society

MRS. ERASTUS GAYLORD PUTNAM
Honorary Vice-President General,
National Society Daughters of
American Revolution
MRS. EX-GOVERNOR JOSEPH DORSETT

BEDLE

Past President New Jersey Colonial
Dames

HONORABLE L. BRADFORD PRINCE,

LL. D.

Ex-Governor, President Historical
Society of New Mexico

j2cto flork
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON

President Hispanic Society of Amer-
ica

REVEREND GEORGE CLARKE HOUGH-
TON, D. D.
Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of

the Revolution
CHARLES JACKSON NORTH

Life-Member Buffalo Historical So-
ciety
HENRY E. HUNTINGTON

President Los Angeles Railway Cor-
poration
JOSEPH A. MCALEENAN

Associate Member Explorers' Club
FRANK JOSEPH Louis WOUTERS.
Stockinger Photo-Engraving and

Printing Company
MRS. BENJAMIN SILLIMAN CHURCH
Incorporator Colonial Dames of

America
MRS. FREDERICK F. THOMPSON

Vice-President George Washington

Memorial Association
MRS. DANIEL S. LAMONT

President Army Relief Society
MRS. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN

Philanthropist, Trustee Barnard

College

MRS. JOHN CARSTENSEN
MRS. ALICE B. TWEEDY

National Society, Daughters of the

American Revolution
MRS. MELVILLE AUGUSTUS JOHNSON
Director Onondaga County Histor-
ical Association
MRS. CORNELIA E. S. HOLLEY

Chapin Association
MRS. HENRY A. STRONG
Life-Member George Washington
Memorial Association

F7l

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Miss MAY OSBORNE

National Society Daughters of the

American Revolution
MRS. VIOLA A. BROMLEY

Fort Greene Chapter, Daughters of

the American Revolution
MRS. W. B. SYLVESTER

Founder and Honorary Regent,
Monroe Chapter, Daughters of the
American Revolution
MRS. NELLIS MARATHON RICH
National Society Founders and Pa-
triots of America

j^ortt) SDafcDta
C. HERSCHEL KOYL, PH. D.

Fellow John Hopkins University

SDttson

DAVID N. MOSESSOHN .

Lawyer, Publisher and Editor The
Oregon Country

HONORABLE B. F. WIRT

President Equity Savings and Loan
Company

S. O. RICHARDSON, JR.

Vice-President Libbey Glass Com-
pany

MRS. OBED J. WILSON

Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
MRS. HOWARD JONES
Life-Member Ohio Archaeological

and Historical Society
MRS. JOHN GATES

Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
MRS. JOHN SANBORN CONNER

Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
Miss MARIE A. HIBBARD

Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Toledo Art Museum Associa-
tion

ABBOT S. COOKE

President Cooke-Wilson Electric
Supply Company

FRANCIS AUGUSTUS LOVELAND
President Chrome and Beck Tanning
Companies

PERCEVAL K. GABLE

JOSEPH J. DESMOND

President Corry Citizens' National
Bank

GEORGE T. BUSH

Life-Member Sons of the Revolu-
tion

Vermont

HONORABLE HENRY DWIGHT HOLTON,
M. D., A. M.

Ex- Senator, Ex-President Vermont
Society Sons of the American
Revolution

Mcfteta

MRS. BALDWIN DAY SPILMAN

Past Vice-President General, Na-
tional Society Daughters of the
American Revolution

MRS. LEVIN THOMAS CARTWRIGHT
Virginia Historical Society, Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution,
United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy

[8]

GRAND COUNCIL OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

C. M. BOGER, M. D. MRS. ANDREW M. JOYS

Ex-President International Hahne- Honorary Life-President, Wisconsin
rnann Association Chapter, Daughters of Founders

COLONEL WILLIAM H. COBB

Director General, Knights of Wash-

and Patriots of America

ington

MRS. ALFRED B. SCOTT

[9]

Arttrlea

3ft0ttfrinil

3nrorporai?& untor tlje Karon of ifyr SiHtrirt of (Eolntnbia
at 3®aaljtngton, on tb.? (Hut? ntjj-8>ixtb. lag of April, in tb.?
fear of (!iha: Soro, 2ftnetwn ijunorefc ani> Jftftmt, "Iffor
% Purpoap of promoting Ijiatortral Knowbogp an5
^atriotiaw, ano ttfp pparp of Sigljtrouanfaa Among

Nations"

| HE NAME by which the Society is to
be known is "The National Historical So-
ciety."

The Society is to continue in perpetuity.
The particular business and objects of
the Society will be:

(a) To discover, procure, preserve, and perpetuate
whatever relates to History, the History of the Western
Hemisphere, the History of the United States of America
and their possessions, and the History of Families.

(b) To inculcate and bulwark patriotism, in no par-
tisan, sectional, nor narrowly national sense, but in recog-
nition of man's high obligation toward civic righteousness,
believing that human governments are divinely ordained
to bear the sword and exercise police duty for good against
evil, and not for evil against good, and recognizing, as be-
tween peoples and peoples, that "God has made of "one
blood all nations of men.*'

(c) To provide a national and international patri-
otic clearing-house and historical exchange, promoting by
suitable means helpful forms of communication and co-op-
eration between all historical organizations, patriotic or-
ders, and kindred societies, local, state, national, and inter-

national, that the usefulness of all may be increased and
their benefits extended toward education and patriotism.

(d) To promote the work of preserving historic
land-marks and marking historic sites.

(e) To encourage the use of historical themes and
the expression of patriotism in the Arts.

(/) In the furtherance of the objects and purposes
of the Society, and not as a commercial business, to acquire
The Journal of American History, and to publish the same
as the official organ of the Society, and to publish or pro-
mote the publication of whatever else may seem advisable
in furtherance of the objects of the Society.

(g) To authorize the organization of members of
the Society, resident in given localities, into associated
branch societies, or chapters of the parent Society, and to
promote by all other suitable means the purpose, objects,
and work of the Society.

The Foundership-body of The National Historical
Society consists of —

1 i ) Original Founders, contributing five dollars
each to the Founders' Fund, and thus enrolling as pioneer-
builders of a great National Institution to energize the
patriotism of America, preserve her records, study her
achievements, and hold aloft the torch of her ideals ;

(2) Original State Advisory Board Founders, con-
tributing twenty-five dollars each to the Founders' Fund,
from whom will be elected for five-year terms the Mem-
bers of the State Advisory Boards;

(3) Original Life-Member Founders, contributing
one hundred dollars each to the Founders' Fund, from
whom will be elected the Grand Council of the Vice-Presi-
dents, a number representing each State and each foreign
country, particularly all the American Republics.

The Founders form the Phalanx of Honor around
whom The National Historical Society is working to co-
ordinate the patriotic forces of All- America.

. Journal of Ampriran fjiaioru, 5jaa ppaanr? in Expressing 3ta
Appmtation of % ifplpful <Eo-op?ration of <Hb.i? 03* ntnru, ^iatorn,
(ftotnpang in Jlluriiw in QUjia •Number of % fiagazine, for $tenna-
tmtt National ipreamration, tlje lEnuramnga of &rpn?a ano Efao-
pra of tlj* Earlg Wfat, from tljp ^tatorg of (01jio by Smilina ©.
Kanoall ana ianul 31. Un,un

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL BUILD-
ING—FUTURE HOME OF THE NATIONAL HIS-
TORICAL SOCIETY. ENGRAVED IN COLORS . . . Front Cover

SEAL OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY-
ENGRAVED IN COLORS Back Cover

TITLE-PAGE DESIGN 3

OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY 5

BOARD OF EDITORIAL DIRECTORS 5

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE NATIONAL
HISTORICAL SOCIETY. INCORPORATED UNDER THE
LAWS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AT WASHINGTON, ON
THE TWENTY-SIXTH DAY OF APRIL, IN THE YEAR OF OUR
LORD, NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTEEN, "FOR THE PUR-
POSE OF PROMOTING HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PATRIOT-
ISM, AND THE PEACE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS AMONG NATIONS" 10

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING
-FUTURE HOME OF THE NATIONAL HISTORI-
CAL SOCIETY 17

ARCHITECTS' PLANS FOR THE GEORGE WASHING-
TON MEMORIAL BUILDING 20

PLAN FOR AUDITORIUM OF THE GEORGE WASH-
INGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING. A MEMORIAL TO
THE SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE .... 21

MRS. HENRY F. DIMOCK, PRESIDENT OF THE
GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIA-
TION AND VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL
HISTORICAL SOCIETY 24

THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND THE
SPLENDID MEMORIAL BUILDING TO BE ERECT-

[12]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ED IN HONOR OF THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF
THE UNITED STATES BY THE GEORGE WASH-
INGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. THE INCEP-
TION AND ORGANIZATION OF A GREAT NATIONAL MOVEMENT
To EXTEND THE IDEALS OF AMERICAN PATRIOTISM MAIN-
TAINED BY THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY AND To
BROADEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR PATRIOTIC SERVICE. THE
FIRST GREAT NATIONAL ENTERPRISE UNDERTAKEN BY THE
NEW SOCIETY, ASSISTANCE IN INTERESTING ALL AMERI-
CANS WHO REVERE THE NAME OF WASHINGTON IN THE
ERECTION, IN His HONOR, OF A BEAUTIFUL MEMORIAL
BUILDING, IN THE CAPITAL OF THE NATION HE BROUGHT
INTO BEING — The Editor-in-Chief 25

ACHIEVEMENT IN PATRIOTIC "GOOD WORKS" BY A
PATRIOTIC AMERICAN WOMAN. THE SPLENDID
SERVICE OF MRS. HENRY F. DIMOCK IN AROUSING NATION-
WIDE ENTHUSIASM FOR THE ERECTION OF THE GEORGE
WASHINGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING. HER WORK FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF AMERICAN COLONIAL RECORDS — Frank
Allaben 31

PRACTICAL WAYS TO HELP IN BRINGING TO THE
GOAL OF SUCCESS TWO GREAT PATRIOTIC EN-
TERPRISES—The Editor-in-Chief 35

WILLIAM H. WAY 37

HENRY STEPHEN HAWLEY 39

HENRY S. HAWLEY, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE NA-
TIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. PORTRAIT 41

WILLIAM H. WAY, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE NA-
TIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. PORTRAIT 44

SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN, "FATHER OF NEW
FRANCE," NAVIGATOR, EXPLORER, FOUNDER
OF QUEBEC IN 1608, DISCOVERER OF THE LAKE
WHICH BEARS HIS NAME, SPLENDID CHEVA-
LIER, AND NOBLE CHRISTIAN 45

JACQUES MARQUETTE, THE GREAT JESUIT MIS-
SIONARY AND EXPLORER OF THE MIDDLE

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

WEST OF THE UNITED STATES. FROM THE STATUE

IN THE CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON 48

WHO BUILT THE FIRST UNITED STATES NAVY?
JOSHUA HUMPHREYS, PROVEN BY DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
THE DESIGNER OF "OLD IRONSIDES" AND HER FIVE SISTER
SHIPS. "CONSTRUCTOR OF THE NAVY OF THE UNITED
STATES," HE PLANNED AND BUILT THE FRIGATES WHICH
WERE THE FORERUNNERS OF OUR PRESENT SUPERDREAD-
NAUGHTS — Colonel Henry H. Humphreys, U. S. A., Re-
tired, Great-Grandson of Joshua Humphreys 49

GENERAL KNOX TO MR. HUMPHREYS. DOCUMENT A.

FAC-SIMILE 51

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO ROBERT MORRIS. DOCU-
MENT B. FAC-SIMILE 52

GENERAL KNOX TO JOSHUA HUMPHREYS. DOCU-
MENT C. FAC-SIMILE 55

GENERAL KNOX TO JOSHUA HUMPHREYS. DOCU-
MENT D. FAC-SIMILE 56

GENERAL KNOX TO JOSHUA HUMPHREYS. DOCU-
MENT E. FAC-SIMILE 57

GEORGE WASHINGTON PARKE CUSTIS, MARTHA
WASHINGTON'S GRANDSON, TO COLONEL HUM-
PHREYS, GRANDSON OF JOSHUA HUMPHREYS.
DOCUMENT F. FAC-SIMILE 58

GENERAL KNOX TO JOSHUA HUMPHREYS. DOCU-
MENT G. FAC-SIMILE 61

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO JOSIAH FOX. DOCUMENT

H. FAC-SIMILE 62

ROBERT SMITH TO JOSHUA HUMPHREYS. DOCU-
MENT I. FAC-SIMILE 64

ROBERT SMITH TO JOSHUA HUMPHREYS. DOCU-
MENT J. FAC-SIMILE 67

FROM JOSHUA HUMPHREYS' CORRESPONDENCE,

AUGUST 20, 1827. DOCUMENT K. FAC-SIMILE 74

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO TIMOTHY PICKERING.

DOCUMENT L. FAC-SIMILE 75

[14]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FROM TOSHUA HUMPHREYS' LETTERS CONCERN-
ING EQUIPMENT OF VESSELS FOR THE DEY OF
ALGIERS. DOCUMENT M. FAC-SIMILE 77

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO OLIVER WOLCOTT. DOCU-
MENT N. FAC-SIMILE 79

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO TENCH FRANCIS. DOCU-
MENT O. FAC-SIMILE 81

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO RICHARD O'BRIEN. DOCU-
MENT P. FAC-SIMILE

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO TIMOTHY PICKERING.

DOCUMENT Q. FAC-SIMILE 83

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO TENCH FRANCIS. DOCU-
MENT R. FAC-SIMILE 85

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO RICHARD O'BRIEN. DOCU-
MENT S. FAC-SIMILE 86

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO TENCH FRANCIS. DOCU-
MENT T. FAC-SlMILE 87

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO THOMAS TRUXTON. DOC-
UMENT U. FAC-SIMILE

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL

SOCIETY 90

LOUIS JOLIET. BORN IN CANADA, 1645, WHERE HE DIED
IN 1700, HE WAS ONE OF THE MOST DARING AND SUC-
CESSFUL OF THE FRENCH VOYAGEUERS 113

JEAN NICOLET, COMPANION OF CHAMPLAIN,
LANDING ON THE SHORES OF GREEN BAY, WIS-
CONSIN, ABOUT 1637. NICOLET WAS SEEKING A
ROUTE TO CHINA THROUGH THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE, AND,
BELIEVING THAT HE WAS To FIND ASIATICS, INSTEAD OF
INDIANS, HE CAME ARRAYED IN GORGEOUS ROBES AND WITH
CEREMONIAL POMP. THE RED MEN WERE DEEPLY IM-
PRESSED, AND IT WAS NOT LONG BEFORE A FRENCH MIS-
SION, SETTLEMENT, AND FORT WERE ESTABLISHED 116

DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI BY PERE MAR-
QUETTE AND JOLIET, 1673. THE FlRST DISCOVERY
OF "THE FATHER OF WATERS," BY WHITE MEN, WAS

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

MADE BY HERNANDO DE SOTO IN 1541. SOME HISTORIANS
THINK THAT ALONZO PINEDA ENTERED THE MOUTH OF
THE RIVER IN 1619. THE FRENCH DISCOVERERS ENTERED
IT FROM THE MOUTH OF THE WISCONSIN RlVER 117

LEAD PLATE BEARING THE CLAIM OF FRANCE TO
THE OHIO COUNTRY, 1745. THIS PLATE, DISCOV-
ERED IN 1798, WAS BURIED AT WHAT Is NOW WARREN,
PENNSYLVANIA, BY CAPTAIN BIENVILLE DE CELORON, AND
BEARS His INSCRIBED STATEMENT THAT HE HAD TAKEN
POSSESSION, FOR THE KING OF FRANCE, OF THE OHIO RIVER,
THE RIVERS EMPTYING THEREIN, AND THE LANDS UP TO
SUCH RIVERS' SOURCES 120

SUPPLEMENTAL LIST OF ORIGINAL FOUNDERS OF
THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. NAMES
OR DATA RECEIVED Too LATE FOR INCLUSION IN THE ROS-
TER OF THE FOUNDERS APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN THIS
MAGAZINE 135

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIA-
TION 138

DANIEL BOONE. REPRODUCED FROM THE PORTRAIT, PAINT-
ED FROM LIFE, BY CHESTER HARDING, WHEN THE GREAT
PIONEER AND INDIAN FIGHTER WAS OVER EIGHTY YEARS
OLD 153

PONTIAC, THE GREAT CHIEF OF THE OTTAWAS,
LEADER OF THE INDIANS OF THE MIDDLE
WEST IN THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR 156

COLONEL ROBERT ROGERS, LEADER OF THE EXPE-
DITION, IN 1760, TO RECEIVE THE FORTS SUR-
RENDERED BY THE FRENCH, ON LAKE ERIE
AND WESTWARD, AT THE CLOSE OF THE
SEVEN YEARS' WAR 157

THE MEETING, IN NOVEMBER, 1760, AT THE MOUTH
OF THE CUYAHOGA RIVER, BETWEEN COLONEL
ROBERT ROGERS AND PONTIAC, WHEN THE
PEACE PIPE WAS SMOKED AND THE INDIAN
CHIEF CONSENTED TO THE PASSAGE OF THE
AMERICANS THROUGH THE SAVAGE COUNTRY,
ON THEIR WAY TO THE SURRENDERED
FRENCH FORTS 160

[16]

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FLAX FOR AUDITORIUM OF THE GEORGE WASHINGTON' MEMORIAL BUILDING
Memorial to tlie Signers of the Declaration of Independence

MRS. HKNHY K. DIMilCK. 1'K E-:SI I (K.NT (•!•• THK CFOOIJGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL
ASSOCIATION AXU VICK-l'RKSIDKXT OK THK XATIDXAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

mmnm

VOLUME X
NINETEEN SIXTEEN

NUMBER 1
F"*ST QUARTER

Nalumal

iietmmai lutUrtng to
tn 2j0tt0r 0f tlj^ Jtrat
tottt 0f % Itttt^b §tat^0 bg

®ifp Jwrrpttnn ani ©rgattizatton of a (fcreat National ^ootnifnt to Ex-
t?ni» tltf 36f ata of Antfrtran Patriotism Maintains i» bg ®V 3ournal of
Amfttran ijistorg ani ®o Sroaipn ©pportunitira for ^atriotir
itjp Jffirat (great National Entfrprtap Hnojrtabrn bg % iN>rn
Aaaiatanrp in Jntmatino, all Am? rirana tob,fl Hfurr? \\\t namf of
gton in % Emtion, in ^iia Ifonor, of a S^autiful UJptnorial
luilninn, tn th,P Capital of % Nation If? Srougljt into

BT
THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

HIS NUMBER of The Journal of American History,
the First Number of the Tenth Volume, is notable in the
history of the Magazine. When the Magazine began
its career in 1907, presenting our history in an entirely
new and fascinating way, in a setting of interesting
and valuable historical illustrations, unaccompanied by
the ordinary magazine pages devoted to commercial advertising, it was
generally feared that such a Magazine could not find sufficient sitp-

[25]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

port to establish itself and live. There was reason for this fear ; but
I do not propose here to go into the story of the struggle of The Journal
of American History "for existence" during the nine years just past.

Along with the needs of the Magazine, to place it upon a basis of
permanency, there was also recognized the great need of a national
historical organization to carry on, more perfectly, the popular, patri-
otic and historical work begun by The Journal of American History.
It was realized that the Magazine would be the ideal official organ of
such a society, through which its activities could be carried on, and
that the support of such a society would in turn insure the continuance
of the Magazine. This situation was placed by me before the sub-
scribers of The Journal of American History, in several circular let-
ters sent out in December, 1914, and the early part of 1915, and, in
numerous responses received, the organization of a national historical
society, to take over The Journal of American History, was enthusias-
tically urged with promises of hearty co-operation.

Acting upon the various suggestions offered, the work of enroll-
ing Founders of such a national organization was begun, and such
progress was made that The National Historical Society was incor-
porated at Washington, D. C., under the laws of the District of Colum-
bia, on April 26, 1915. Elsewhere in this Number are printed the
objects of this society taken from the Articles of Incorporation, one of
its objects being "to acquire The Journal of American History, and to
publish the same as the official organ of the Society, and to publish or
promote the publication of whatever else may seem advisable in furth-
erance of the objects of the Society." By November, 1915, the Foun-
dership body of The National Historical Society had become so con-
siderable that the Executive Committee decided to take over The Jour-
nal of American History, in accordance with the wishes of the So-
ciety's Founders, and this was accordingly done. With the present
Number, therefore, the Founders of The National Historical Society
are receiving the first Issue of their own Magazine.

All those who have joined in the notable patriotic work of found-
ing The National Historical Society will have their names permanently
enrolled upon the Society's books, and recorded in The Journal of
American History, as Original Founders of The National Historical
Society. It is also deemed advisable that the period of enrolling Orig-
inal Founders be extended, throughout the formative period, until The
National Historical Society shall have acquired as its permanent home
suitable national headquarters.

A prospect of ideal national headquarters is held out to us in the

[26]

THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

George Washington Memorial Building, spacious and beautiful de-
signs for which have been accepted, to occupy a site provided by Act
of Congress in "The Mall," near the National Capitol Building, in
Washington, D. C.

Immediately following is a letter, written while in Washington
last December, when the need for the George Washington Memorial
Building was so painfully apparent in the lack of facilities for the con-
gresses and conventions then meeting in that city. This letter was
published in the Washington Star on January i, 1916, and is here
given for the information which it contains concerning the Building.
A view of this Building, reproduced from the accepted designs, ap-
pears on the front cover of this Number of The Journal of American
History, which also contains other views, including some of the in-
ternal details. The entire Building, designed to carry out desires ex-
pressed in Washington's will, not alone will be a beautiful memorial
to Washington, the father of all our patriotic efforts, but the large
Convention Hall, supplying a need which the City of Washington
now lacks, will be a special Memorial to the Signers of the Declaration
of Independence, who now are without a memorial of any kind in
Washington.

Besides providing conventional facilities for Washington, D. C.,
in its great Convention Hall, seating 7,000 people, and its six or seven
smaller convention halls, seating from 600 to 2,500 people each, the
George Washington Memorial Building, with its hundreds of rooms
and suites, will provide permanent national headquarters for all the
national patriotic, scientific and artistic societies that wish to take
advantage of these facilities. By reference to the Articles of Incor-
poration it will be found that one of the objects of The National His-
torical Society is "to provide a national and international patriotic
clearing-house and historical exchange, promoting by suitable means
helpful forms of communication and co-operation between all histor-
ical organizations, patriotic orders, and kindred societies, local, state,
national, and international, that the usefulness of all may be increased
and their benefits extended toward education and patriotism."

The natural relation of The National Historical Society to the
George Washington Memorial Building is thus apparent. This beau-
tiful Memorial Building will be the material expression in Washington
of that affiliation and co-operation between all patriotic forces of the
country which it is one of the chief objects of The National Historical
Society and The Journal of American History to promote, the Build-

[27]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

ing providing headquarters and facilities for all such activities. Un-
der these circumstances I trust that every Founder of The National
Historical Society will do everything possible to further and hasten
the erection of this Memorial Building.

For the splendid beginning in this diction already made, the
entire Country owes a debt of gratitude to the George Washington
Memorial Association; to its patriotic and devoted President, Mrs.
Henry F. Dimock, who is also one of the Vice-Presidents of The Na-
tional Historical Society, and to whose remarkable efforts the great
success obtained is principally due; and to other officers and mem-
bers of the George Washington Memorial Association, who have been
Mrs. Dimock's devoted helpers in this great enterprise.

The time has arrived for the Nation, as a whole, to rally to the
support of this labor of love of patriotic and far-seeing American
women, and as the beginning of a national movement to this end we
have made this Number of The Journal of American History a special
George Washington Memorial Number. In this Number will be
found a double Roll of Honor. In one list appear the names of the
Founders of The National Historical Society, complete up to the time
of going to press. In the other list will be found the names of Mem-
bers and Contributors of the George Washington Memorial Associa-
tion. Those whose names are enrolled in both causes are to be especially
congratulated; and in future Numbers of The Journal of American
History we shall be glad to add the names of others who join these
Honor Rolls by contributing to The National Historical Society or the
George Washington Memorial Building.

[28]

THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

FOR NATIONAL CONVENTIONS

GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING

FACILITIES FOR ALL SOCIETIES

IN A LETTER TO THE WASHINGTON STAR, THE PRESIDENT OF THE
NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY CALLS ATTENTION TO THE
GREAT BUILDING PLANNED FOR CONVENTIONS IN
WASHINGTON AND FOR PERMANENT HEAD-
QUARTERS FOR NATIONAL SOCIETIES
To the Editor:

The make-shifts to accommodate the Congresses and Associations
now meeting in Washington impress all with the tremendous need for
convention facilities in Washington. The crisis in Europe has aroused
every Western Nation, the resulting conferences have only just begun,
and Washington must prepare as the intellectual capital and meeting-
place of the Western Hemisphere.

Within a few days question concerning a convention hall has been
raised and a Women's Auxiliary Pan American Building has been
suggested. Should we not remind ourselves, therefore, that a con-
vention building is already planned, architect's drawings accepted, a
site in the Mall provided by Congress, and more than a quarter of a
million of dollars raised, largely by patriotic women? A united effort
by the patriotic forces of the whole country, or of Pan America, is
alone needed to increase the present fund to the million dollars re-
quired by act of Congress before work is begun, and the foundations
may be laid by next Spring.

I refer to the George Washington Memorial Building, which will
at the same time be a Memorial to Washington and carry out the
desires expressed in his will and elsewhere to promote "the diffusion
of knowledge in all lines of human activity that will conduce to the
advancement of the welfare of mankind."'

The architects' accepted plans reveal an exquisite building, un-
surpassed by anything in Washington, the beautiful. The large Audi-
torium will seat 6,000 people on the floor, 1,000 in the gallery, and 350
on the stage, while grouped around this will be 6 or 7 other conven-
tion halls, accommodating from 600 to 2,500 persons, each hall with
two committee or reception rooms.

The other floors will contain a large banquet hall and hundreds

[29]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

of rooms, or suites, which may become permanent national headquar-
ters for the scientific, historical, educational, patriotic, literary and art
associations of the country.

Many organizations have passed resolutions strongly endorsing
the plan and purpose of the building, while a number have already
perfected arrangements to make it their permanent headquarters. It
has been suggested that each State and American Republic have a spe-
cial room. Just as the building as whole is a memorial to Washington,
the large Auditorium is to be a special memorial to the Signers of
the Declaration of Independence. Might not each State here com-
memorate its great men, and each American Republic its national
heroes ?

Director-General Barrett has just called attention to the remark-
able social intimacy which the whole Western Hemisphere is now rep-
resentatively enjoying in Washington. The George Washington
Memorial Building presents an opportunity for the close linking to-
gether of the co-operative associations of the New World, as intimate
neighbors, gathered beneath the name of Washington under one roof.
Shall not, then, All- America join hands in completing this mucC,
needed memorial building? Then, as the Pan American Puildin^ is
the material expression of co-operation of our Republican Govern-
ments, the George Washington Memorial Building v. i!1 be ihe material
expression of co-operation in all the internal activities of the peoples
of the Western Hemisphere.

Officers of The National Historical Society, of which I am Presi-
dent, regard the completion of this building as so desirable, as so timely
a service to all our American peoples, that we have decided to devote
our energies as largely as possible in its behalf ; and through your col-
umns I respectfully urge the merits of this great patriotic undertaking
upon all the societies and individuals who are now, like myself, en-
joying the hospitality of Washington.

FRANK ALLABEN.
Washington, D. C, December 28, 1915.

[30]

in fatrtattr
Ifeka" bg a ftotrurttr Amm-
nm Woman

©tfp &plruoio §>Fnrir? of JSra. %nrg 3L Sttttork in Arottaino,

•Nation- Wtto l-ntljuaiaam for % lEmiion of tb.? <£wirn.e OTaah.-

tttgton Memorial Sntloina, 3$ 2j?r Work for

of Amtriran (Colonial

FRANK ALLABEN

[HEN the George Washington Memorial Building
stands complete, in Washington, D. C, a Memorial to
George Washington and the Signers of the Declara-
tion of Independence, and a home, the meeting-place,
and national headquarters for the patriotic activities
for the entire Country, this magnificent structure, the
plans for which are said to provide for the most beautiful building so
far designed for Washington, will also be a memorial to the inspired
initiative and untiring zeal of a devoted band of American women,
preeminent among whom is Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, of New York and
Washington.

Some years ago Mrs. Dimock accepted the Presidency of the
George Washington Memorial Association, at a time when the pros-
pect seemed hopeless of achieving the purpose of the Association to
provide some Memorial to George Washington which would carry out
the desires in behalf of the American people expressed in his will. In
Mrs. Dimock's mind the conception of the George Washington Memo-
rial Building took shape and grew until she had a clear vision of a
great and beautiful building which should afford the entire Country
the convention facilities so much needed in Washington, while at the
same time providing permanent national headquarters for the patri-
otic, scientific and artistic organizations of the Land.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

This conception inspired the Association with renewed zeal and
enthusiasm; an architectural competition to secure the best plans was
inaugurated ; the exquisite designs submitted by Tracy & Swartwout,
New York City, were accepted; the interest and endorsement of the
most distinguished public men were obtained ; an ideal site in the Mall,
at Washington, was secured by special Act of Congress ; and the work
of raising funds was prosecuted with such energy and success that
already more than $260,000 have been provided toward the building's
erection. This is the achievement of women, and the supreme achieve-
ment of Mrs. Dimock.

The fact that Mrs. Dimock's life has been filled with the arduous
burdens and responsibilities of a "society woman" has not kept her
from undertakings which we are not accustomed to associate with
"society" nor to expect from those engrossed by the constant demand
of social functions. Her remarkable success in organizing and di-
recting the energies of the George Washington Memorial Association
have revealed a "business woman," with an astonishing talent for exe-
cutive generalship ; her conception and elaboration of the plan of the
George Washington Memorial Building disclose a woman of inspired
vision and imagination; while the perfect character of her technical
historical work in connection with the South Coventry Town Records,
eliciting.the unqualified admiration of the highest experts and special-
ists, has manifested the rarest aptitude for detailed and painstaking
application in historical research.

Suffering in 1897, so as to be almost an invalid, Mrs. Dimock
spent that and succeeding summers in the house where her husband
was born in South Coventry, Connecticut, which town was also the
birthplace of the famous patriot spy of the American Revolution, Na-
than Hale. Well or ill, it is not in Mrs. Dimock's constitution to be idle,
and she interested herself in the Town Records of South Coventry,
which date from early in the Eighteenth century. The records of
those early times are often extremely difficult to decipher; and, in
order to extract the complete records of births, deaths, and marriages,
to which task Mrs. Dimock set herself, it was necessary to read entire
tomes, from cover to cover, as the vital records are often found in
small paragraphs concealed among the longer documents — the doings
at the town meetings, the numberless cattle-brandings registered by
the owners of herds, etc.

By indefatigable labor Mrs. Dimock transcribed exactly all the
vital records covering a period of 140 years, arranged them alphabeti-
cally, and at her own expense published them in a work of which 250

[32]

ACHIEVEMENT BY A PATRIOTIC AMERICAN WOMAN

copies were printed and donated to public libraries throughout the
country. This valuable volume is now difficult to procure, and upon
its appearance was recognized by the New England Register, organ
of the New England Genealogical Society, as containing historical
work of the highest order of its kind which had anywhere appeared in
print.

Mrs. Dimock's work did not stop here, however ; but, as the com-
piler of the South Coventry vital records, she found herself appealed
to from all parts of the Country by those with genealogical puzzles
who implored her, for $25, $50, $100, any amount, in reason, she
might wish to charge, to render assistance. Imagine a wealthy so-
ciety woman importuned as if a professional genealogist. But appeal
was not made to her in vain. Although the petitioners retained all
their fees, Mrs. Dimock freely devoted her time and expert knowledge
to resolve their difficulties, and straightened the crooked trunks and
wandering branches of a large number of family trees for anxious
descendants in all parts of the Country.

But all this involved new original research. Mrs. Dimock soon
recognized that the required solution of problems could only come, very
largely, from the additional information stored up in old deeds, and
in order to work out suitable Indexes of Grantors and Grantees, she
read, page by page, some 19 volumes of the local records, transcribed
every name appearing in the deeds, with whatever context gave genea-
logical information, and arranged them alphabetically. She then
copied, or had copied, the inscriptions from nine or ten cemeteries ;
employed the Town Clerk of the neighboring Town of Mansfield to
transcribe the births, deaths, and marriages, of that town, and took
transcriptions of the records of the two neighborhood churches ; all of
which she printed for distribution.

She also had the genealogical information from the Mansfield
deeds, covering 150 years, extracted, as she had taken it from the
South Coventry deeds had this indexed alphabetically, and placed on
record in the office of the Town Clerk of Mansfield for easy access to
any applicant; while she also had the cemetery inscriptions copied
throughout the town of Mansfield.

She thus made herself the authority on South Coventry and Mans-
field genealogy ; from which it may be inferred that Mrs. Dimock does
not lightly drop any work which she takes in hand. These character-
istics not merely suggest a peculiar appropriateness in her selection for
the patriotic task of serving the entire Country as President of the
George Washington Memorial Association, but also indicate, we judge,

[33]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

something of that tremendous energy, perseverance, thoroughness,
and talent for organizing the efforts of others which have enabled her
first to plan a great patriotic creation, and then to secure, already,
more than a quarter of a million of dollars to carry it into execution.
Such an effort will assuredly be supported by the patriotism of the
American people as soon as its character and importance are gen-
erally realized.

[34]

frarttral WagB tn 3f ?lp tn Iringmg

(ftratt Jfairtnttr

THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF THE JOURNAL OF
AMERICAN HISTORY

N THIS NUMBER of The Journal of American His-
tory we present the claims of two great patriotic causes ;
and if you contribute to them your contribution will
be a permanent investment, turning itself over and
over, and yielding constant returns in the support and
encouragement of our highest American ideals.
One of these causes is the George Washington Memorial Build-
ing, for which $2,250,000 is yet required.

The other of these causes is The National Historical Society,
which requires a large permanent endowment in order to grapple with
the great need to place The Journal of American History in a million
homes, to inspire patriotism, and to secure the conservation of the his-
torical and genealogical records of the country now deteriorating and
in danger of total destruction.

Can you do one of the following things?

i. Can you make a considerable contribution to advance Ameri-
can patriotism, one-half to the George Washington Memorial Build-
ing, and the other half to The National Historical Society? If you
make your contribution to the Memorial Building through The Na-
tional Historical Society it will render a double service. We will for-
ward it to the George Washington Memorial Association, which will
acknowledge it, with proper certificate, to you, while The Journal of
American History will also acknowledge it. But, as forwarded
through us, it will also be credited toward providing suitable perma-
nent headquarters for The National Historical Society in the George
Washington Memorial Building.

[35]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

2. Can you contribute $200, $100 for the George Washington
Memorial, and $100 to make you an Original Life-Member Founder
of The National Historical Society?

3. Can you contribute $100, $50 to the George Washington
Memorial Building, and $50 to make both you and some friend Origi-
nal State Advisory Board Founders of The National Historical
Society ?

4. Can you contribute $50, $25 to the George Washington Memo-
rial Building, and $25 to make you an Original State Advisory Board
Founder of The National Historical Society ?

5. Can you contribute $20, $10 to the George Washington Memo-
rial Building, and $10 to make both you and some friend Original
Founders of The National Historical Society?

6. Can you contribute $10, $5 to the George Washington Memo-
rial Building, and $5 to make you an Original Founder of The Na-
tional Historical Society?

7. If you yourself already have contributed all that you feel
you can toward these two causes, can you, and will you, bring to the
attention of your friends the George Washington Memorial Building
and The National Historical Society, as patriotic causes which deserve
the support of every American ?

William

[ILLIAM H. WAY was the son of Henry D. Way and
Betsy Smith Way. He was born in Ashfield, Massa-
chusetts, October 22, 1861, and died in Meriden, Con-
necticut, May 16, 1915.

His parents settled in Meriden when he was four
years old, he was educated in the schools there, and
nearly all his life was passed there.

At the age of twenty-one he began his career as a printer in the
Holyoke Envelope Company. He remained there for a few years, and
then became Editor of The Echo, a newspaper of Huntington, Massa-
chusetts. In 1891 Mr. Way returned to Meriden, to assume the charge
of the Converse Publishing Company. On the death of Mr. A. J. Con-
verse, the head of this organization, the business was re-established,
under the name of the Curtiss-Way Company in 1899, and Mr. Way
was elected Secretary and Manager. In January, 1913, he became
the President of the Curtiss-Way Company, and held this office until
his retirement from business, April 26, 1915, a few weeks before his
death.

Mr. Way was an officer of the corporation which owned and
published The Journal of American History, prior to May, 1911. He
always retained the most sympathetic interest in The Journal, and
when The National Historical Society was formed to support and ex-
tend the work of The Journal he was one of the first to become an
Original Life-Member Founder of the Society, and he was one of the
first elected to the Grand Council of the Vice-Presidents of The Na-
tional Historical Society, representing the State of Connecticut.

He was survived by his wife, Mrs. Lena Tyler Way, a step-
daughter, Miss Pearl Allen Way, and two sisters, Mrs. Elfie Roys of
South Meriden, Connecticut, and Mrs. Arthur L. Clark of Bridge-
port, Connecticut.

The Board of Directors of The National Historical Society
passed the following Resolution as an expression of their earnest sense
of loss at the death of Mr. Way.

"Whereas the sympathetic interest in the welfare and success of

[37]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

The Journal of American History, always manifested by William H.
Way, who was at one time part-owner of the magazine, was indirectly
a potent factor in the work of the present Editors, through whose
agency The National Historical Society had its inception ; and

"Whereas the same kindly consideration and spirit of co-opera-
tion was shown by Mr. Way to The National Historical Society, of
which he was an Original Life-Member Founder and Vice-Presi-
dent ; and

"Whereas the Directors of the Society feel that his counsel and
friendship would have been of great service to the Society, had it been
the Will of God that "his life should be prolonged;

"Therefore, be it resolved, that the Directors of the Society ex-
tend earnest sympathy to the family of William H. Way in their grief
at his death.

"And be it further resolved that these present resolutions be re-
corded in the minutes of the Society, and a copy thereof sent to Mrs.
William H. Way."

[38]

iraurlnj

ENRY STEPHEN HAWLEY, Vice-President of
The National Historical Society, was in a special sense
a Founder of the Society. When the plans for such an
organization were laid before the friends of The Jour-
nal of American History by the magazine's Editors,
______ his wise counsel and understanding sympathy were a

bulwark of encouragement, whose value will never be forgotten. He
was elected an Original Life-Member Founder and a Vice-President
of the Society, at its first Directors' meeting held for such elections.

By force of character he impressed himself on all with whom he
had intimate relations. The Raihvay Revieiv, in a memorial article,
said: "In the death of Mr. Henry S. Hawley the world loses a man
of a high type, the city of Chicago one of its most valued citizens, and
the railway supply business one of its most respected leaders."

Of Mr. Hawley as an eminent business leader much might be
said, for "the name of Henry Stephen Hawley stood for sparkling
honesty, absolute financial integrity, and unswerving honor ;" but per-
haps the justest estimates of him as a man came from his associates
in his spiritual life. For Henry Stephen Hawley was a strong, de-
voted Christian, who "lived his religion in health and strength." The
Rector of the Episcopalian Church of the Redeemer in Chicago, of
which he was Senior Warden, wrote: "When I think of our noble
friend with the greatest help and comfort, I think of him as I used to
see his fine, strong face in two particular places. One was in church,
as I used to look upon him from chancel or pulpit, when seriousness
and reverence mingled loftily with the keen intelligence that always
characterized his feaures, and the other was in his home, when genial-
ity and cordiality, generosity and kindliness, beamed from every look
and made him a prince of truest cordiality."

He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, August 12, 1851, and
died at his summer home, in Saunderstown, Rhode Island, July 22,
1915. He was educated in Bridgeport, but in 1874 removed to Chi-
cago, becoming connected with bridge construction work. He was
elected President of the Chicago, Wisconsin, and Minnesota Railroad,

[39]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

and later held high offices in other railroads. In 1906 he reorganized
the Railroad Supply Company and became its President.

Mr. Hawley took an active interest in politics, being a member
of the Republican Party. He belonged to several clubs, but his chief
interest, outside of his business duties, was his church life. "He was
a man of strong convictions, which he backed up courageously."

On November 3, 1880, he married Miss Lillie Leah Ferguson,
who survives him, with two sons, Royal Duncan Hawley of San Fran-
cisco, and Philip Ferguson Hawley of Chicago. Another son, Henry
Stephen, died in infancy.

The following Resolutions were passed by the Directors of The
National Historical Society after Mr. Hawley's death.

"Whereas, The National Historical Society owes a debt of deep
gratitude to Henry Stephen Hawley, an Original Life-Member
Founder and Vice-President of the Society, for his cordial encour-
agement and wise counsel at the inception of the Society, and whereas
the Directors of the Society esteem it a blessing to have had such co-
operation from a man whose kindly virtues and admirable judgment
were enlightened by his strong faith as a devout servant of our Lord
Christ;

"Therefore, be it resolved, that the Directors of The National
Historical Society extend their heartfelt sympathy to the family of
Henry Stephen Hawley in their grief at his death.

"And be it further resolved, that these present resolutions be re-
corded in the minutes of the Society, and a copy thereof sent to Mrs.
Stephen Hawley."

[40]

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

WILLIAM H. WAY. VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL
HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN, "FATHER OF NEW FRANCE"

Navigator, explorer, founder of Quebec in 1608, discoverer of the lake

which bears his name, splendid Chevalier, and noble Christian.

1'fiUK MAKQl'KTTK

Jacques Marquette, the great Jesuit missionary and explorer of the Middle West of the
United States. Frum the statue in the Capitol at Washington.

lutlt

Naug?

3 008 u a ^umpSags!, proton bg SDocuimntatg
t|e £>c3ijjnrr of "Qlb JronStbcs" anti l?ct jfibe

onj3tfurtoi of rl)c j.^aby ot rfjc anitcb
lie plannfb anb Built tfjr jFritjims t<Hf)irl)
CClrrr tljf formmnrtG ot Out present fe>ttprrbmib=

COLONEL HENRY H. HUMPHREYS, U. S. A., RETIRED

Great-Grandson of Joshua Humphreys

SKETCH of the designer and builder .of our Super-
dreadnaughts of the past accompanies photographic
copies of letters over one hundred years of age. One
letter, dated January 6, 1793, enunciates the principles
of their construction which, in spite of the derisive
term applied to them of "fir built frigates," were vic-
torious in combat. Their victories, nevertheless, caused some nations
to cut down their naval ships to conform to ours. To this day our
navy, with slight changes of expression, is constructed upon the prin-
ciples in the letter to be set forth. Their production herewith pre-
sented in this article proves who was the designer of these vessels, will
set at rest for all time the claims of others for their conception.

Daniel, the grandfather of Joshua Humphreys, Welsh by birth,
in religion a Quaker, came to the Province of Pennsylvania in the year
1682, settling near Philadelphia. He married Hannah Wynne, daugh-
ter of Doctor Thomas Wynne, first Speaker of the Provincial Assem-
bly of that Province. The subject of this sketch, Joshua Humphreys,
was also a Quaker, but read out of Meeting, because of giving his
aid in the Revolution of the Colonies against Great Britain. Being
Welsh, he married Mary David of Welsh parentage.

[49]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Among many papers in possession of the family is one yellow with
age, but the writing legible. That paper is dated the 27th day of the
fifth month of the year 1683, and issued from the Quarterly Meeting
of the Society of Friends at Merionethshire, Wales ; is signed by six-
teen persons, all Quakers, who vouch for the orderly walkings of one
Elizabeth Humphreys, widow of Samuel Humphreys, and her four
children, who intend to remove to Pennsylvania in America and join
her son, Daniel. That paper describes the widow in this manner. "As
to herself, the said Elizabeth is a woman worthy of our recommenda-
tion, for an honest faithful woman, that has been serviceable in
her place, and praiseworthy in her conversations among us."

The children, Benjamin, Lydia, Amy and Gobitha, are mentioned
as being educated, and as "children of honest parents and whom we
have known as tender Plants, growing in that work, the knowledge of
which is the truth and grace of God." Her son, Daniel, is mentioned
as "already gone into Penn., about twelve months since."

Daniel had by his wife sons and daughters, one of whom,
Joshua, married Sarah, daughter of Edward and Eleanor Williams
of Blockley, September n, 1742, and had among other children, one
named Joshua, the designer of "Old Ironsides" and her five sister
ships.

Joshua was born June 17, 1751, in the township of Merion, now
Haverford, in the County of Delaware, Pennsylvania. At fourteen
years of age his parents moved to Philadelphia. Joshua was appren-
ticed to a shipbuilder, Mr. James, or Jonathan, Penrose, "a gentleman
of the highest respectability." Mr. Penrose dying before the appren-
ticeship of Joshua expired, Mrs. Penrose gave him his time. A vessel
was then on the stocks. The owner requested the "young apprentice"
to finish her which was done to the satisfaction of the owner.

Before reaching twenty-one years he entered into business with
a cousin, Mr. John Wharton of Philadelphia, building several ships.
Soon afterwards he received an appointment "at the Continental ship-
yard," to build a frigate of certain dimensions, the Randolph (of un-
happy name), but according to his views of what would be correct.

He was also commissioned by "the Committee of Safety of Phila-
delphia" to build a galley, the first armed vessel built in the Revolu-
tion ; and he was employed by the "Marine Committee" to fit out a
fleet of war vessels, which sailed in 1776 under Commodore Ezek
Hopkins. While Congress was debating whether a national navy
should be built or not, a letter, dated January 6, 1793, addressed to

[50]

WHO BUILT THE FIRST UNITED STATES NAVY?

Robert Morris, was written by Joshua Humphreys, then an experienced
shipbuilder, wherein he set forth the provisions which should govern
the construction of a class of vessels not hitherto in existence. It is
needless to say, those views, being sound, were accepted by the Gov-
ernment. Drafts and moulds of the proposed frigates were directed
to be prepared and sent to selected cities for their building. ( See ac-
companying reproduction of this letter, Document A.)

jw^Y\\A»>j% «»

GENERAL KNOX TO MR. HUMPHREYS
Document A

Joshua Humphreys, accepting the foregoing invitation of General
Knox, relates the subjects under discussion. "I attended; the subject
under consideration was the construction of a navy, whereat I set
forth the principles on which I recommended frigates should be built,
as expressed in a letter which I had addressed to Hon. Robert Morris.
The act of March 27th, 1794, was discussed." Resuming, he says:

[Si]

fc.

<•

jflc-

^ /t

36 j

JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO ROBERT MORRIS
Document B

e.trmsL+*4]

-i f

^j/r^ccct. $fa***^isA*<€.*f4

Document B Concluded

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

"Shortly after the passage of this act I received a letter of which the
following is a copy." (See the reproduction herewith, Document C.)

Resuming, he states: "I have mislaid the copy of my letter to
Genl. Knox of the I2th April, 1794, to which the preceding letter from
him to me of same date replies. This must account for its omission
immediately preceding his. It in effect propounds to construct the
frigates on the same principles as set forth in my letter to Hon. Rob-
ert Morris of the 6. of January 1793, & propounds models for the con-
struction of the frigates in conformity thereto, which were adopted;
& the frigates with the exception of the Chesapeake, built thereon.
On the 2ist and 28th of June 1794, I received instructions as follows:"
(See Documents D and E.)

Humphreys' pen states : "The frigate then built<Jby me, the United
States, was frequently visited during the progress of her building by
President Washington, who expressed deep interest in all that related
to her, & the intended navy." (Document F.)

Further instructions were received July 24, 1794. (See Docu-
ment G and Document H.)

As to the title, "Constructor of the Navy of the United States,"
the correspondence does not show it was withdrawn during the contin-
uance in office of Joshua Humphreys as such. From the instructions
contained in the letter of July 24, 1794, Mr. Fox was not independent
of his chief. From him, he received general or special directions to
carry out. Possibly Mr. Fox offered suggestions in the building of the
frigates which, being considered feasible, were accepted by his chief
and carried out, but that Mr. Fox did build the frigates is rejected in
toto. In all business establishments one head is responsible for the suc-
cess or failure of the work, not the subordinate. Blame for this or that
failure can not be shifted from the shoulders of the chief, unless the
subordinate did not carry out the orders received from the head.

Our frigates of forty-four and thirty-six guns in single combat
were always victorious with the exception of one, the Chesapeake.
Why was that ? It is believed her loss is attributable to the following
reasons.

First, there was violation of the Act of Congress of March 27,
1794, which prescribed the number of frigates, four to carry each for-
ty-four guns, and two frigates each to carry thirty-six guns. Conse-
quently there were three of each class. Secondly, there was radical
departure in the Chesapeake' s construction upon a new plan, differing
from the one sent, which failure will be explained further on. Third,

[54]

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JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO JOSIAH FOX
Document H

WHO BUILT THE FIRST UNITED STATES NAVY?

there was the loss of eight guns, quite an important factor in combat.
Why should not Mr. Fox be held responsible for her loss?

Humphreys, resuming, states: "I had also to provide rough
moulds & instructions to Mr. Morgan, who was sent to Georgia to cut
timber for the frigates. After the drafts, moulds & instructions were
completed & forwarded to the different agents as directed in Genl.
Knox's letter, it was found there was not any person at Norfolk sup-
posed to be capable of building a frigate. Mr. Fox was appointed to
build her. Before he arrived at Norfolk, the keel had been spliced &
laid for the 44 gun ship to be built there. The keel was afterwards cut
to that of a 36 gun ship, on a new draft drawn by Mr. Fox, differing
from the one I had forwarded. By what authority the alteration was
made I never could ascertain. The ship so built was the Chesapeake.
The duties of naval constructor were performed by me, & I was in cor-
respondence with several secretaries of the department, from my ap-
pointment in May 1794, throughout the Washington Administration,
the whole period of the elder Mr. Adams' term, & for a short time un-
der that of Mr. Jefferson. On the 29th of January, 1800, I received
an order from the secretary of the navy to examine the ports of New
London, Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, N. H., Portland & Wicas-set
in Casco Bay, for the purpose of selecting the most suitable place for a
dockyard. This I performed, & duly reported upon. I was also directed
to purchase the navy yard at Philadelphia & to lay out one at Wash-
ington. These things were ordered as I understood, because the elder
Mr. Adams, the President of the United States, was aware of Mr. Jef-
ferson's hostility to an efficient navy, & was resolved to secure all these
points before he went out of office. On the I3th of August, 1801, I
received a letter from the secretary of the navy, from which I insert
the following." ( Document I. )

Humphreys, continuing, states: "A short time afterwards
brought me the following letter dated October 24th, 1801." (See Doc-
ument J.)

In the year 1836 a letter addressed by Joshua Humphreys to Josiah
Barker, naval constructor at Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, Massa-
chusetts, thanks him for a cane made from some timber taken from
the Constitution when first repaired there.

"Harve township, Delaware county, Pa. : Dear Sir — On my son
Samuel's return from Boston, he presented me with a very handsome
walking cane, made out of a part of the frigate Constitution (Old Iron-
sides), which was taken out of her while under your repairs. This cane

[63]

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is of double value to me on account of its having been taken from one
of the frigates I constructed in the year 1794, forty- two years ago, un-
der the administration of the ever memorable Washington, and General
Knox, his then Secretary of War. The five frigates, the United
States, the President and Constitution, forty-fours; the Constitution
and Congress, thirty-sixes, were all built by the drafts and molds
sent on by me to the different posts where they were to be built.

"The molds and drafts for the Chesapeake were also sent on by me
to Mr. Pennock, navy agent at Norfolk, for a forty-four, the same size
as the large frigates, and the keel laid. But as there was no person
there who understood the drafts and molds, a Josiah Fox, an English-
man, who was in the mold loft with me, who copied some of the drafts
that were sent out from here to these different builders, was sent to
build her, but instead of conforming to the drafts and instructions
from me, he curtailed the dimensions of that ship from a forty-four to
a thirty-six; but by whose authority the alterations were made I was
never able to find out. This ship always spoke for herself as well as
the others did. Old fellows like myself like to tell what they did in
their younger days, and I will say to you that I built the first frigate
(Randolph), and fitted out the first fleet under Commodore Hopkins,
that sailed under the United States, in the year 1776. The great mark
of attention you have shown men in sending me so beautiful a present
has made me proud, although in my eighty-sixth year of age, a time of
life when I ought to be more humble. The cane I shall leave as a talis-
man to my grandson and namesake, son of my son Samuel, that, should
he ever come into action he will recollect the bravery of the officers of
Old Ironsides. Should you ever come this way I should be most glad
to see you, and spend some time with us. I live in Haverford town-
ship, Delaware county, Pa., seven miles west of Schuylkill bridge. I
am with very great respect, yours, etc., sd. Joshua Humphreys. Ad-
dressed Josiah Barker, Naval Constructor, Charlestown, Mass."

These ships, commanded by gallant captains, manned by good
crews, their fine sailing qualities, magnificent fighting, the universal
successes which attended them in all their encounters with England
and France, caused the United States to be respected abroad. Their
peculiar lines and build created a revolution in all naval vessels which
were subsequently built by foreign nations. Whether this Government
has in its possession a model of the ships is a matter of which the
writer has no positive knowledge, but the family had at its country
place, Pont Reading, Pennsylvania, a model of some size of a ship in

WHO BUILT THE FIRST UNITED STATES NAVY?

wood, fashioned by the hands of Joshua Humphreys. This model hung
in the mould-loft of the navy yard in Philadelphia, before its abandon-
ment. It was sent to the family by the then chief naval constructor
of the United States, Mr. John Lenthall. The model was subsequently
presented to Independence Hall at Philadelphia, where it is displayed.
On the back of the board to which the model is attached will be found
this: "J. H. fecit 1777."

The construction of the frigate United States, built by Joshua
Humphreys, is typical of her five sister ships with the exception of the
Chesapeake.

The drafts and moulds for the six frigates were closely modeled
after the best French practice of that time and resembled a razeed 74
gun-ship of the line, following closely that curious feature called the
"tumble home," an inward curving of the sides above the water line,
which secured the much desired load line beam without corresponding
bulk above board. Below their water line, their lines were sharp, clean
and clear, cutting the water like a rapier, which in the hands of skillful
fencer glides without effort into the body of the opponent.

Of the six frigates but two remain: the Constitution at the Bos-
ton Navy Yard, and the Constellation at Newport News, Rhode Island,
used as a receiving ship. The President, under command of John
Rodgers, had the honor of firing the first shot in the war with Eng-
land. When under Decatur, in the spring of 1814, near New York
City, she encountered four English frigates which attacked her. After
a terrific contest she was captured and taken to London, England,
where she is to this day exhibited as a trophy. The United States won
renown in action, being classed with the Constitution and Constella-
tion. Long ago she was condemned and broken up. The Congress,
bearing an honorable part in the war of 1812, was blown up in Hamp-
ton Roads, Virginia, in the engagement with the Confederate ram Mer-
rimac, March, 1862. The Chesapeake under Lawrence in the encoun-
ter with the Shannon was captured.

The following points should be noted in the construction of the
frigates. Of the Constitution. — "Her model & armament were copied
by England, & before the naval ward of 1812 had closed, as it was im-
perative to build something that could overtake her." (See pages 2 and
3, chap, i, "The frigate Constitution.") It was important in construct-
ing the frigates to have their decks as far as practicable from eight
to nine feet above the water line with a steady platform, and in that
respect our frigates were superior to the English, ship for ship. Our

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

sailors were handy in all kinds of work; quick to repair any damage
to the ship; apt in gunnery, and improvising sights for guns. The
frigates were heavily sparred. The hardness of the timber and weight,
with the planking, was an advantage. The frigates could go into ac-
tion in weather which rolled the gun ports of the ordinary frigate and
line of battleship under water. It is said that Nelson remarked
on Commodore Dale's squadron, then in the Mediterranean, "There is
in the handling of those trans-atlantic ships a nucleus of trouble for the
Navy of Great Britain." (See page 23, chapter I, "The Constitu-
tion.")

Can the advocates for other claimants to the building of the first
American Navy produce a letter with this address, "Constructor of the
Navy of the United States?" Can they produce any letter showing the
plans of their clients for the construction of our navy were approved
and ordered built by the authorities then in power in preference to
those of Joshua Humphreys? Can they show, if their clients had
plans, why those of Joshua Humphreys were accepted, and not theirs ?
Can they show that'the duties as related in this article were not per-
formed by Joshua Humphreys, but by them ? Why were the plans of
Joshua Humphreys accepted and no notice made of other plans ? If
their clients designed, moulded, built the first navy of the United
States, why do not writers on that subject mention their names? Ex-
cepting the name of Joshua Humphreys, as the designer and builder of
the navy, no other names are mentioned. Such could not have come
from design.

The advocate for one claimant states : "he introduced into the ser-
vice the improved mode of drafting the ships of war & likewise the
manner of making the moulds & taking bevellings of the timber, & he
has reason to believe he was the first person who ever directed putting
togeather a stern frame from moulds of war before it was raised in the
United States." The party states he arrived at Dumfries, Virginia,
October 9, 1793.

In connection with the above claim re-read the letter of January
6th, 1793, wherein is stated : "The greatest care should be taken in the
construction of such ships and particularly all her timbers should be
framed and boulted togeather before they raised." The views just
called to the reader's attention antedate the arrival of that claimant
in this country over nine months.

Attention is invited to two letters from Mr. Timothy Pickering,
Secretary of War, to Mr. Fox, dated May 12, 1795 ; also to one from

[72]

WHO BUILT THE FIRST UNITED STATES NAVY?

Ben Stoddard, likewise Secretary of that department, of August i,
1798, which letters are printed on page 106, of The Journal of Amer-
ican History, First Quarter of the year 1908; also to photographic
copies of letters from Humphreys' correspondence, dated August 2oth,
1827; also to the letter of Humphreys to Secretary Pickering, on learn-
ing from Mr. Fox of that letter. ( Documents K and L. )

Attention is directed to the same Number of The Journal of Amer-
ican History, where, on page 108, third paragraph from the top, it is
said that the "State Department applied to Fox by permission of the
Secretary of war to draft and direct the building of a frigate to carry
36 guns for the Dey of Algiers."

In connection with the above, there are herewith submitted photo-
graphic copies of letters dated July 19, August n, September i, 2 and
25 ; and November 6 and 10, of the year 1797. These letters pertain to
the drafts, building, and equipment of a frigate, brig, and schooner for
the Dey of Algiers. (See accompanying reproductions, Documents M,
N, O. P,Q, R, S,T, andU.)

Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Honorable Franklin D. Roose-
velt, before a meeting of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine
Engineers, held in New York, December 10 and n, 1914, addressed
that body on "Our First Frigates: Some Unpublished Facts about
Their Construction." Accompanying the printed address are draw-
ings, illustrating, first, the body plan of the frigates Constitution,
United States, Constellation and Congress; elevation and one-half
breadth of the Constellation; ditto for the Constitution and United
States. These copied drawing are taken from the originals of Joshua
Humphreys on file in the Navy Department of the United States.

This article treats of the Act of Congress, dated March 27, 1794,
which created a navy for the United States of America and none other.
It does not treat of the navy of the United Colonies, or its captains
commanding their vessels of war.

The following citation of eminent works of value give to but one
person the title of "Father of the American Navy,*' he of whom we
have written : Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Volume
3, page 313; Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States,
Volume 4, page 239; Scharr and Wescott's History of Philadelphia,
published in 1884; Simpson's Lives of Eminent Philadelphians, pub-
lished in 1859, page 587; Edward S. Maclay's History of the Navy,
1775 to 1803, two Volumes, 1890, page 159, Volume i.; New Interna-
tional Encyclopedia, 1907; The Frigate Constitution, published in the

[73]

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FROM JOSHUA HUMPHREYS' CORRESPONDENCE,

AUGUST 20, 1827

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JOSHUA HUMPHREYS TO TIMOTHY PICKERING
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FROM JOSHUA HUMPHREYS' LETTERS CONCERNING EQUIPMENT OF

VESSELS FOR THE DEY OF ALGIERS

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Document N

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Document O

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Document P

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Document U

WHO BUILT THE FIRST UNITED STATES NAVY?

year 1890, chapter 2, page 33; Battles of the British Navy from the
Year 1000 to the Year 1840, by Joseph Allen, Esq., of Greenwich Hos-
pital, London, England, pages 369, 370, 371.

From the last authority cited is taken the following : "The Amer-
ican Navy insignificant, yet as a whole was composed of large & heavy
frigates. Describes a 44 gun frigate ; for many years their actual force
remained a mystery & would probably have never been accurately de-
termined but for praiseworthy patriotic research & inquisitiveness of
the late Mr. James. The added four feet to the extreme breadth of the
President (one of the six frigates built upon the plan of Joshua Hum-
phreys), makes her a larger ship than the generality of British 743,
her yards are square, her masts as stout as theirs. Some idea may be
formed of the size & formidable appearance of the American 44 gun
frigate. In scantlings also, that which the American acknowledge to
be the Slightest built of the frigates (the President) is at least equal
to a British 74 of the largest class." Mr. James proceeds to prove his
case and is successful, winding up with this conclusion. "In fact the
American gun frigates were as they were aptly named by British Offi-
cers, line of battle ships in disguise."

Mr. Upham, the biographer of Timothy Pickering, late Secretary
of War, in Volume 3, page 154, quotes a letter from that Secretary,
dated March 14, 1795, which is addressed to President Washington,
and here condensed. The letter states, the carved work for the frigates
should be relative to their names; but a single carver here competent
(probably W. Rush, marine sculptor), for the work of the frigates
building at Philadelphia, Baltimore and Norfolk ; the captains with Mr.
Humphreys (Joshua), represent the necessity for an early designation
of the names of the frigates; submits to Washington twenty-one se-
lected names in which those of the United States, Constitution, Con-
stellation, President and Congress appear. In reports of the Secretary
of War in January and June, 1797, the names of the first three frigates
mentioned above are applied to them. (See American State Papers,
Naval Affairs, Volume i, pages 25 and 31.) In the Journals of the
United States Senate and House of Representatives for those years
those names are used in proceedings relative to the Navy. From the
above-mentioned letter, it is assumed President Washington approved
the names of the first three frigates, and probably those for the other
two.

Authority for the above is a letter in possession of the writer of
the present article, received from the Congressional Library, Washing-
ton, D. C., dated February 23, 1915.

[89]

Jfawttora uf (Sty Naiumal

SDtiginal Life^embet jFounDers

FLICKINGER, MRS. LOUIS, LITTLE ROCK. State Recording Secretary Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution; State Vice-Regent Daughters of Founders and Patriots
of America; State Registrar Daughters of 1812; Member Colonial Dames, Daughters of
the Revolution, Huguenot Society, New England Historical and Genealogical Society, New
York Genealogical and Biographical Society.

ROOTS, PHILANDER KEEP, LITTLE ROCK. George Washington Memorial
Association and Contributor to George Washington Memorial Building.

California

BLANCHARD, HONORABLE NATHAN W., A. M., SANTA PAULA. President
Nathan W. Blanchard Investment Company; Trustee Pomona College; Ex-Member Cali-
fornia House of Representatives ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MALCOM, ROY, A. M., PH. D., LOS ANGELES. Professor of History University
of Southern California ; Member American Association of Political Science, American
Historical Association, Historical Society of Southern California.

SCRIPPS, MISS E. B., LA JOLLA.

WALKER, MRS. CYRUS (EMILY TALBOT), SAN FRANCISCO.

Colorado

MCNEIL, MRS. JOHN LLOYD (ELLA AGNES THOMPSON), DENVER. Colo-

rado State Regent Daughters of the Amercan Revolution ; Colorado Vice-President Poca-
hontas Memorial Association ; Colorado Commissioner Atlanta Exposition ; Vice-President
San Juan Pioneers' Association of Colorado; Life-Member Woman's Army and Navy
League, American Flag Association, Society for Preservation of Virginia Antiquities ;
Member Archaeological Institute of America, American Folk Lore Society ; Charter Mem-
ber George Washington Memorial Association.

Connecticut

GILLAM, MASTER WILLIAM RICHMOND, SOUTH MANCHESTER.
WAY, WILLIAM H.,* MERIDEN. President Curtiss-Way Company.

£n'3tuct of Columbia

FISHER, LEWIS HORN, LL. M., WASHINGTON. Secretary Fourth United States
Civil Service District; Member of Bar of Court of Appeals, District of Columbia.

SMITH, MRS. FRANCIS HENRY (MARY STUART), WASHINGTON.

VAN DEUSEN, CAPTAIN ALBERT HARRISON, WASHINGTON. Examiner
Bureau of Pensions; Captain p;th New York Infantry, Civil War; Member Sons of the
American Revolution, Holland Society of New York, Military Order of the Loyal Legion,
Grand Army of the Republic, Ontario Historical Society; Author "Van Deursen Family."

*Died May 16, 1915.

[90]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

TINGLEY, MRS. CLAUDE STELLE (HELEN ELOISE BOOR), B. S., M. A., DE
LAND. Secretary Colonel Arthur Erwin Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

CASTLE, GEORGE P., HONOLULU.

WESTERVELT, WILLIAM D., HONOLULU. Corresponding Secretary and Past
President Hawaii Historical Society.

Illinois

BUTLER, SAMUEL SMITH, OAK PARK.

HAWLEY, HENRY STEPHEN * CHICAGO. President Railway Supply Company.

HESING, MRS. WASHINGTON (HENRIETTA C. W.), CHICAGO. Daughters
of the American Revolution, Society of Founders and Patriots, Martha Washington Society,
Society of New England Women.

HUNGATE, HONORABLE JOHN H., LA HARPE. President First National Bank,
La Harpe ; President La Harpe School Board ; President Board of Trustees Gittings Semi-
nary; Past Recorder of McDonough County, Illinois, and Clerk of Circuit Court.

LAWRENCE, Mrs. GEORGE A. (ELLA PARK), Galesburg.

PURMORT, MRS. HENRY CLAY (LILLIAN M.), CHICAGO. Life-Member So-
ciety of Mayflower Descendants ; Member Order of Descendants of Colonial Governors,
Daughters of the American Revolution, United States Daughters of 1812, American His-
torical Association, National Geographic Society.

WILSON, HONORABLE CHARLES E., MATTOON. Ex-Mayor Mattoon, Illinois,
and of Charleston, Illinois ; Member Illinois Historical Society, National Geographic So-
ciety; Author History of Coles County, Illinois.

Jnbfana

COOPER, HONORABLE GEORGE H., GREENFIELD. Cashier The Citizens' Bank,
Greenfield.

MITCHELL, JOHN FOWLER, GREENFIELD. President William Mitchell Print-
ing Company.

BURCH, EDWIN WELCH, ROCKWELL CITY. First President Baptist Brother-
hood of Iowa; Past Treasurer Iowa State Baptist Educational Society; Member Sons of
American Revolution, Sons of Veterans.

POOL, SHERMAN IRA, WAVERLY. Sons of the American Revolution, Iowa
State Historical Society.

SMITH, HEMAN C, LAMONI. Editor The Journal of History; Official Historian
Reorganized Church of Latter Day Saints; Secretary Decatur County, Iowa, Historical
Society; Member State Historical Society of Iowa, Mississippi Valley Historical Society,
Nebraska State Historical Society.

CARTER, MRS. L. S., WICHITA.

luntucfc?

BALDY, MISS MARY NATHALIE, BOWLING GREEN. Formerly Teacher An-
drew Female College and Southwest Georgia Agricultural College, Cuthbert, Georgia.

*Died July 22, 1915.

[91]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

KEITH, CHARLES ALEXANDER, B. A. OXFORD UNIVERSITY (RHODES
SCHOLARSHIP), RICHMOND. Professor of History and Civics, Eastern Kentucky
State Normal School ; Member American Historical Association.

THOMPSON, MRS. WILLIAM H. (MAY RINGO), LEXINGTON. Vice-Presi-
dent General National Society Daughters of the American Revolution ; State President
United States Daughters of 1812, Kentucky; Member American Historical Association,
Kentucky Historical Society, Virginia Historical Society.

JORDAN, MISS NELLIE WOODBURY, PRESQUE ISLE. Instructor in History
and Physical Education, Aroostook State Normal School ; Member Maine Teachers'
Association.

S^arplanb

SOUTHGATE, HUGH MACLELLAN, B. S., CHEVY CHASE. Society of Colonial
Wars, Sons of the Revolution, American Institute of Electrical Engineers ; Life-Member
New England Historic Genealogical Society.

BORDEN, MISS CAROLINE, BOSTON. Member Board of Trustees American
College for Girls, Constantinople, of Euphrates College, and of American International
Institute for Girls, Madrid; Life-Member American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions, of American Home Missionary Society, and of American Bible Society

BOWERS, ALPHONZO BENJAMIN, C. E., M. R, H. R, LYNN. President Atlantic
Harbor Railroad Company; Inventor of art of hydraulic dredging, of hydraulic dredge, and
of hydraulic system of dredging, transporting, and filling or reclaiming land ; Member and
a Founder Technical Society of Pacific Coast, and of California Association of Civil Engi-
neers; Member Sons of the American Revolution, International Congress of Navigation,
Association for the Advancement of San Francisco, Lynn Historical Society, National For-
estry Association.

PRANG, MRS. LOUIS (MARY DANA), ROXBURY. President Civic Club of Ward
19, Roxbury; President Roxbury Woman Suffrage Club; Past Director Prang Normal
Art Classes ; Member George Washington Memorial Association.

STICK, HENRY LOUIS, M. D., WORCESTER. Superintendent Grafton State
Hospital; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

VAN NESS, MRS. JOSEPH (SARAH BOWMAN), LEXINGTON. Founder, First
Regent and Honorary Regent for life, Lexington Chapter Daughters of the American Revo-
lution ; Member of Council Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America.

CAMPBELL, MRS. JAMES H. (CAROLINE P.), GRAND RAPIDS. President
United States Daughters of 1812 for State of Michigan; Honorary Life-Regent Sophie de
Marsac Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; President Michigan State Federa-
tion of Arts; Honorary Life-Member Michigan State Historical Society; Member Colonial

HSTT?£^ri™Jc?a?AVTf^thAe Loyal Legion- Grand RaP'ds Historical Society.
HIBBARD, MISS MARIE A., SHEPHERD. Daughters of the American Revolution,
Sodet Museum Association, Toledo Teachers' Association, National Geographic

of Veterans FREDERICK W" M' D- JACKSON. Jackson Chamber of Commerce, Sons
RICHARDSON MISS MARCIA MARIA, PONTIAC. Society Mayflower De-

fnn iTr 'S; H °^T n amt,S; DesQcendants Colonial Governors, Daughters American Revolu-
tion, United States Daughters 1812

ROGERS MRS. FORDYCE HUNTINGTON (GRACE HAYNES), DETROIT.
-Dean of Women and Teacher of English Literature, Olivet College, Michigan; Chair-
man Art Department of Woman's Club, Ocala, Florida; Member College Club, Detroit

[92]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

STEVENS, MRS. FREDERIC BECKWITH (ANNE E. SHIPMAN), DETROIT.
Past Regent Louisa St. Clair Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution; Past Presi-
dent Mount Vernon Society in Detroit.

BUCKNUM, MRS. KARNER KNAPP (MARY ELIZABETH), MINNEAPOLIS.
Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society of New England Women.

OWEN, MISS LUELLA AGNES, ST. JOSEPH. Geologist and Geographer; Fellow
American Association for the Advancement of Science and of The American Geographic
Society; Member International Geographical Congresses, American Forestry Association,
Societe de Speleologie of Paris, National Geographic Society; Contributor George Washing-
ton Memorial Building.

FITZPATRICK, T. J., M. S., BETHANY. Fellow American Association for the
Advancement of Science, and of Iowa Academy of Science ; Member American Historical
Association, State Historical Society of Iowa, Botanical Society of America; Author
botanical works; has been Principal Iowa City High School, Professor Mathematics and
Science Graceland College, Professor Physics and Chemistry Cotner University, Librarian
Mechanic Arts Library LTniversity of Nebraska.

BEDLE, MRS. JOSEPH DORSETT (ALTHEA F. RANDOLPH), JERSEY CITY.
Past President New Jersey Society Colonial Dames of America ; Past Vice-President Gen-
eral National Society Daughters of the American Revolution ; Regent for New Jersey
National Pocahontas Memorial Society; Third Directress General Daughters of Holland
Dames ; Member George Washington Memorial Association, Society of Founders and
Patriots, Mary Washington Memorial Association, Patriotic Women of America, New
Jersey Historical Society.

HAINES, ELEANOR, M. D., NEWARK. Life-Member New Jersey Historical
Society ; Charter Member George Washington Memorial Association ; Member Society
of Colonial Dames, Daughters of the American Revolution, Essex County Medical Society.

PUTNAM, MRS. ERASTUS GAYLORD (MARY NICOLL), ELIZABETH. Hon-
orary Vice-President General National Society Daughters of the American Revolution ;
Life-Member Colonial Dames of America, Mary Washington Memorial Association, Daugh-
ters of Holland Dames, Order of the Crown, Order of Americans of Armorial Ancestry,
Huguenot Society, Association for Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Pocahontas Society,
Society of New England Women ; Member George Washington Memorial Association.

PRINCE, HONORABLE L. BRADFORD, LL. D., SANTA FE. Ex-Governor of
New Mexico ; Ex-Chief Justice of New Mexico ; Ex- Assemblyman and Senator of New
York ; President Historical Society of New Mexico ; President Society for Preservation
of Spanish Antiquities ; Trustee Church Historical Society ; Corresponding Member Texas
and Minnesota Historical Societies ; Honorary Member American Numismatic Society, and
of Missouri, Kansas, and Wisconsin Historical Societies.

ALLABEN, FRANK, NEW YORK CITY. Editor-in-Chief The Journal of American
History; Member George Washington Memorial Association.

[93]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

BROMLEY, MRS. HENRY (VIOLA ANNETTE), BROOKLYN. Colonial Daugh-
ters of the Seventeenth Century, Daughters of the American Revolution, Society of New
England Women; Author Derby and Bromley Genealogies.

BUTLER, DUDLEY, NEW YORK CITY.

CARSTENSEN, MRS. JOHN (ADELE THACHER ROBIN), SCARSDALE.

CHURCH, MRS. BENJAMIN SILLIMAN (MARY V. A.), NEW YORK CITY.
Incorporator Colonial Dames of America.

HAVEMEYER, HENRY OSBORNE, NEW YORK CITY.

HITCH MRS. FREDERICK DELANO (ANNIE DELANO), NEWBURGH-ON-
HUDSON.

HOLLEY, MRS. CORNELIA E. S., TROY.

HOUGHTON, REVEREND GEORGE CLARKE, A. M., D. D., NEW YORK CITY.
Rector Church of the Transfiguration; Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the Revolution,
Municipal Art Society.

HUNTINGTON, ARCHER MILTON, NEW YORK CITY. Founder and President
of Hispanic Society of America; President American Numismatic and Archaeological
Society ; Member New York Chamber of Commerce, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History, New York Zoological Society; Author "A Notebook in
Northern Spain," etc. ; Editor Spanish and Portuguese reproductions and translations.

HUNTINGTON, HENRY EDWARDS, NEW YORK CITY. President Los Angeles
Railway Corporation, etc.

JOHNSON, MRS. MELVILLE AUGUSTUS (MARY E. WIETING), SYRACUSE.
Builder and owner Wieting Opera House, Syracuse ; Director Onondaga County Historical
Society; Patron of the drama, author, traveler.

LAMONT, MRS. DANIEL S. (JULIET K.), NEW YORK CITY. George Wash-
ington Memorial Association.

McALEENAN, JOSEPH A., NEW YORK CITY. Life-Member Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick ; Associate Member Explorers' Club ; Member Zoological Society.

NORTH, CHARLES JACKSON, BUFFALO. Society of Mayflower Descendants,
Society of Founders and Patriots, New England Historic Genealogical Society, National
Geographic Society; Life-Member Buffalo Historical Society.

OSBORN, MRS. HENRY FAIRFIELD (LUCRETIA MUMFORD THATCHER
PERRY), NEW YORK CITY. Philanthropist; Trustee Barnard College, Columbia Uni-
versity ; President Ladies' Auxiliary New York Zoological Society ; President Hudson River
Committee American Red Cross ; a Founder People's Institute of Music ; Member Society
of Mayflower Descendants, Colonial Dames of America ; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

OSBORNE, MISS MAY, BINGHAMTON. Daughters of the American Revolution.

RICH, MRS. NELLIS M. (ANNA INGERSOLL), SYRACUSE. Honorary National
Vice-President National Society Children of the American Revolution ; Vice-Regent for
Syracuse Pocahontas Memorial Association ; Past Regent Onondaga Chapter Daughters
of the American Revolution and New York State Vice-Regent; Member Founders and
Patriots of America, Patrotic Women of America, Archaeological Institute, Onondaga
County Historical Society; Author.

SIBLEY, HIRAM W., ROCHESTER.

STRONG, MRS. HENRY A. (HATTIE M.), ROCHESTER. Member Advisory
Board United Charities Board of Rochester; Life-Member George Washington Memorial
Association.

SYLVESTER, MRS. W. B. (HELEN SEYMOUR), BROCKPORT. Founder and
Honorary Regent Monroe Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, Brockport;
Society for Preservation of Adirondacks.

THOMPSON, MRS. FREDERICK F. (MARY CLARK), NEW YORK CITY.
George Washington Memorial Association.

TWEEDY, MRS. ALICE B., NEW YORK CITY. Daughters of the American
Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

WASHBURN, MISS MABEL THACHER ROSEMARY, NEW YORK CITY.
Genealogical Editor The Journal of American History.

WOUTERS, FRANK JOSEPH LOUIS, NEW YORK CITY. Stockinger Photo-
Engraving and Printing Company.

[94]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

KOYL, CHARLES HERSCHEL, PH. D., WILLISTON. Fellow Johns Hopkins
University; Ex-Professor of Physics Swarthmore College; Winner of John Scott Legacy
Medal, 1889, for invention of Parabolic Illuminated Semaphore; Delegate to International
Congress of Electricians, 1884; Member Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, St. Paul Society
of Civil Engineers.

CONNER, MRS. JOHN SANBORN (LEVIETTA BARTLETT), CINCINNATI.
Charter and Life-Member Cincinnati Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ;
Hereditary Life-Member Mary Washington Memorial Association; Life-Member George
Washington Memorial Association ; Member Society of Colonial Dames, Society of Colonial
Governors, Society of Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence.

GATES, MRS. JOHN (FRANCES A. WHITE), CINCINNATI. Life-Member
George Washington Memorial Association ; Member Board of Directors Ohio Society
Colonial Dames of America; Member Board of Directors Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra
Association ; Member Society of Colonial Governors.

JONES, MRS. HOWARD, CIRCLEVILLE. Life-Member Ohio Archaeological and
Historical Society; Member Daughters of the American Revolution.

RICHARDSON, S. O., JR., TOLEDO. Vice-President and General Manager Libbey
Glass Company, Toledo ; President The Fifty Associates, Toledo ; Member Sons of the
American Revolution, Navy League.

WILSON, MRS. OBED J., CINCINNATI. MEMORIAL TO OBED J. WILSON.
Life-Member George Washington Memorial Association.

WIRT, HONORABLE B. F., YOUNGSTOWN. President Equity Saving and Loan
Company, Youngstown; Ex-Ohio Senator; Ex-President Nathan Hale Chapter Sons of
the American Revolution.

flDwjon

MOSESSOHN, DAVID N., LL. B., PORTLAND. Editor and Publisher Portland
"Chamber of Commerce Bulletin — The Oregon Country ;" President Prudential Realty
Corporation ; Ex-Deputy District Attorney, Portland ; Member Jewish Historical Society,
Shipping Society of America.

BUSH, GEORGE TOME, BELLEFONTE. Sons of the Revolution; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building; Dramatic Critic; Author "Forty Thousand
Miles Around the World."

COOKE, ABBOT S., PITTSBURGH. President Cooke-Wilson Electric Supply Com-
pany; Member Sons of the American Revolution, National Geographic Society, Pittsburgh
Art Society.

DESMOND, JOSEPH J., CORRY. President Citizens' National Bank, Corry.

GABLE, P. K., NORRISTOWN. Proprietor Rambo House.

LOVELAND, FRANCIS AUGUSTUS, CORRY. Joint Proprietor J. W. and A. P.
Howard and Company Ltd. ; President Beck Tanning Company ; Director Citizens' National
Bank.

TRACY, WILLIAM RICHMOND, SCRANTON.

Ufjobc Jgflanfc

TUCKERMAN, ALFRED, A. B., PH. D., NEWPORT. American Association for
the Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building; Scientist
and Author.

[95]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Wetmont

HOLTON, HONORABLE HENRY DWIGHT, A. M., M. D., BRATTLEBORO.
President Vermont National Bank ; Consulting Surgeon Mary Fletcher Hospital ; President
Leland and Gray Seminary ; Member Executive Committee American Public Health Associa-
tion • Ex-Vermont Senator and Representative ; Ex-President Vermont Society Sons of the
American Revolution; Ex-Trustee University of Vermont; Ex-Vice-President American
Medical Association; Member American Association for the Advancement of Science,
American Academy of Medicine, British Medical Association, American Academy of Politi-
cal and Social Science, American Geographical Society.

Pftgfltft

CARTWRIGHT, MRS. LEVIN THOMAS (SARAH ACKLIN BROOKE), (Post
Office Address, Washington, D. C). Daughters of the American Revolution, United
Daughters of the Confederacy, Virginia Historical Society.

SPILMAN, MRS. BALDWIN DAY (ANNIE CAMDEN), WARRENTON. Past
Vice-President General for Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

tttttft Pirginia

BOGER, C. M., M. D., PARKERSBURG. Co-Editor Medical Advance; Past Presi-
dent International Hahnemann Association.

COBB, WILLIAM H., ELKINS. Director General Knights of Washington; Mem-
ber Virginia Historical Society, National Genealogical Society.

JOYS, MRS. ANDREW M. (ALMA MERWIN), MILWAUKEE. Organizing and
Honorary President for life Wisconsin Chapter Daughters of Patriots and Founders of
America ; Member Society of Colonial Dames, Daughters of the American Revolution, Order
of Americans of Armorial Ancestry.

SCOTT, MRS. ALFRED B., GENEVA.

SDtfginal ^tate aotiisorp TBoaro JFounDers

3o to a

POOL, MRS. SHERMAN IRA (MINNIE A. LEWIS), WAVERLY. State His-
torian Iowa Daughters of the American Revolution ; Founder Clock Reel Chapter Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution, Waverly, Iowa ; Member Pocumtuck Valley Memorial
Association of Massachusetts.

gorfc

DOW, MRS. FRANK FOWLER (HARRIET E. BROWN), ROCHESTER. Regent
Irondequoit Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Secretary Woman's Educa-
tional and Industrial Union; Member Society of Mayflower Descendants, Colonial Dames
of America.

EMERSON, HONORABLE GEORGE D., BUFFALO. Ex-Member New York
State Senate.

[96]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

PARSONS, HENRY, NEW YORK CITY. Attorney; Captain Company G, I34th
Regiment, New York Volunteers, in Civil War ; Member Military Order of the Loyal Legion,
New York County Lawyers' Association; Author "Parsons Family."

SANDS, MRS. GEORGE GEDNEY (FANNIE SHREWSBURY ADAMS), NEW
YORK CITY.

SIDWAY, FRANK ST. JOHN, BUFFALO. Sons of the American Revolution;
Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

Original JFounDers
Alabama

PETER-BRYCE, MRS. ELLEN, TUSCALOOSA. President R. E. Rhodes Chapter
United Daughters of the Confederacy; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

CHALMERS, MRS. L. H. (LAURA E.), PHOENIX.

HEARD, MRS. DWIGHT B. (MARIE BARTLETT), PHOENIX. Chairman Board
of Trustees Woman's Club of Phoenix.

SHINE, FRANCIS EPPES, M. D., BISBEE. Superintendent and Chief Surgeon
Hospital Department, Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company, Bisbee; Member Sons
of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

CALDWELL, REVEREND JAMES E., TULIP.

HOLLENBERG, MRS. HENRY GEpRGE (AMELIA SALTER COLGIN BINNS),
LITTLE ROCK. Chairman Arkansas Division Ellen Wilson Memorial ; Arkansas Com-
missioner Atlanta Exposition 1895, Tennessee Centennial Exposition 1897, Pan American
Exposition 1003, Jamestown Ter-Centenary Exposition 1907 ; Director-General Ladies'
Hermitage Association Exhibits Chicago World's Fair ; Honorary Life-Member Woman's
Democratic Club, New York City, and Harmony Fellowship Club, New York City; Member
Daughters of the American Revolution, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Southern
Industrial Educational Association, Woman's National Democratic League.

RANDELL, MISS NELLIE G., CONWAY.

ROOTS, MRS. LOGAN H. (EMILY M.), LITTLE ROCK. Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution ; George Washington Memorial Association.

California

BARNARD, MISS HILDA FLETCHER, LOS ANGELES. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

BEHYMER, MISS ELSIE, LOS ANGELES.

BEHYMER, GLENARVON, LOS ANGELES.

BEHYMER, L. E., LOS ANGELES. Manager The Great Philharmonic Courses,
Trinity Auditorium.

BEHYMER, MRS. NETTIE, LOS ANGELES.

BOSLEY, WILLIAM BRADFORD, SAN FRANCISCO. Attorney.

CALIFORNIA STATE LIBRARY, SACRAMENTO.

CHURCHILL, MRS. JULIA PATTERSON, YREKA. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

COTTMAN, NICHOLAS ROMANOFF, OXNARD. American Association for the
Advancement of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building

CROCKER, WILLIAM H., SAN FRANCISCO.

[97]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

DARLING, MRS. CLARA L., SAN FRANCISCO.

DRAKE, HARRY ABRAM, LOS ANGELES.

FARXSWORTH, MISS MERCY C, SACRAMENTO.

GRAY, MISS ANNA S., BERKELY.

HOTCHKISS, EDWARD A., POMONA.

HUIE, W. H. T., SAN FRANCISCO. Sons of the American Revolution; Contribu-
tor George Washington Memorial Building.

JUDSON, C. H., BERKELEY.

LITTLFJOHN, MISS G. W., BERKELEY. Archaeological Institute of America;
American Library Association.

MARSH, CAPTAIN C. C, U. S. N., SAN FRANCISCO.

MATTHEWS, MRS. THOMAS B. (ANNIE ALLARI), SELMA. Treasurer Board
of Trustees, Selma Library; Ex-Treasurer Federation of Clubs, San Joaquin, California.

MOLONY, JAMES ROBY, BERKELEY. Manager Western Branch Aetna Life
Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut, San Francisco.

MOLONY, MRS. KATHERINE UNCLES, BERKELEY.

MONNETTE, ORRA EUGENE, B. A., LOS ANGELES. President Citizens' Trust
and Savings Bank; Governor California Society of Colonial Wars; Vice-President Califor-
nia Sons of the Revolution ; Chairman International Genealogical Congress Panama-Pacific
International Exposition; Member New England Historic Genealogical Society, New York
Genealogical and Biographical Society, New Jersey Historical Society, Maryland Historical
Society, Old Northwest Genealogical Society, California Genealogical Society, Genealogical
Society of Pennsylvania, Huguenot Society of America.

RENWICK, MRS. WILLIAM (HELEN GOODWIN), CLAREMONT.

SLAUGHTER, MRS. MARTIN (STELLA BEESON), CARPINTERIA. Past
Regent Zebulon Pike Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, Colorado Springs,
Colorado; Life-Member The Woman's Educational Society of Colorado.

SLAUGHTER, MRS. MARTIN (STELLA HOLLYWOOD), LOS ANGELES.
Past Regent Zebulon Pike Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Past Acting
Treasurer and on Board of Managers Young Women's Christian Association of Colorado
Springs; Past President The Woman's Literary Club.

TOMB, MRS. THOMAS B., LOS ANGELES. Past State Regent Missouri Daughters
of the American Revolution; Member Daughters of Holland Dames, United States Daugh-
ters of 1812, Pocahontas Memorial Society, Huguenot Society, Order of Americans of
Armorial Ancestry.

Colorado

CASPAR, MRS. STANLEY M. (NETTIE E.), DENVER.

CHASE, MRS. P. M. (OCTAVIA W.), DENVER. Colonial Dames, Daughters of
the American Revolution, Daughters of 1812.

GALE, MRS. J. S. (MARGARET M.), GREELEY. Colonial Dames, Daughters of
the American Revolution, Daughters of 1812, General Federation of Women's Clubs.

GODDARD, MRS. FRANCIS W. (ELIZABETH CASS LEDYARD), COLORADO
SPRINGS. Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HOWBERT, HONORABLE IRVING. COLORADO SPRINGS. Vice-President
First National Bank.

HURLBUT, WALTER S., DENVER.

SMITH, H. ALEXANDER, COLORADO SPRINGS.

SPRAY, MRS. RUTH HINSHAW, SALIDA. Honorary Vice-President American
Peace Society; Officer Colorado State Bureau of Child and Animal Protection.

ZANG, ADOLPH J., DENVER.

Connecticut

ALLYN, MISS LOUISE HURLBUT, NEW LONDON. Daughters of the American
Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association, New London County Historical
Society.

BANKS, MISS CAROLINE, GREENWICH. George Washington Memorial Asso-
ciation.

[98]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

BARLOW, MRS. JOHN W., NEW LONDON.

BERRY, FRANK B., ROXBURY.

CAMMANN, HENRY L., GREENWICH.

CARPENTER, CRAYTON FARNSWORTH, WATERBURY.

CHASE, CHARLES E., HARTFORD. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

ELDRIDGE, MISS ISABELLA, NORFOLK. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

ENGLISH, BENJAMIN R., NEW HAVEN. Contributor George Washington Memo-
rial Building.

HALL, MISS MARY, HARTFORD. Attorney.

HARRAL, MRS. E. W. (ELLEN B.), BRIDGEPORT.

HIGHET, MRS. FRANK B. (ISABELLE BOUDINOT), GREENWICH.

MOORE, JAMES BUNCE, HARTFORD. Banker.

OSGOOD, MRS. H. H. (MAY R.), NORWICH. Daughters of the American Revo-
lution, Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

PALMER, MRS. ISAAC EMERSON, MIDDLETOWN. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

PIERCE, AIFRED LAWRENCE, WALLINGFORD. Contributor George Washing-
ton Memorial Building.

PRINCE, MRS. JACOB VAN BRUNT (ELLEN H. BABCOCK), SOUTH COVEN-
TRY. Daughters of the Revolution.

RANSOM, MRS. GEORGE R., COLCHESTER. Daughters of the American Revo-
lution.

SEYMOUR, HONORABLE HORACE SPENCER, HARTFORD. Councilman and
Alderman of the City of Hartford, Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

SMITH, DOCTOR EDWARD W., MERIDEN. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

TYLER, MRS. WILLIAM ROGER (SARAH P.), NEW HAVEN.

WICKHAM, CLARENCE HORACE, HARTFORD. Sons of the American Revo-
lution, Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

WILSON, DOCTOR J. SEWARD, BRISTOL.

SDdatoate

ASH, MRS. CHARLES G, DELAWARE CITY. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

BARKSDALE, H. M., WILMINGTON.

BARKSDALE, MRS. H. M., WILMINGTON.

BIRD, JOHN B., WILMINGTON. Society of Colonial Wars, Historical Society of
Delaware, Swedish Colonial Society of Philadelphia, Military Order of the Loyal Legion,
Society of Mechanical Engineers.

COOK, REV. RICHARD BRISCOE, D. D., WILMINGTON. Vice-President Ameri-
can Baptist Historical Society.

DU PONT, MRS. VICTOR, SR., WILMINGTON.

GARRETT, MISS HELEN S., WILMINGTON. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

MENDINHALL, MRS. WILLIAM G. (ESTELLE M.), WILMINGTON.

Disttict of Columbia

AYRES, MISS SUSAN CAROLINE, WASHINGTON. Past Historian Elizabeth
Jackson Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution.

BAILEY, VERNON, WASHINGTON. Chief Field Naturalist, Biological Survey,
United States Department of Agriculture; Fellow American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science; Member George Washington Memorial Association, American Forestry
Association, American Ornithologists' Club.

BIEN, HONORABLE MORRIS, PH. B., LL. B., LL. M., WASHINGTON. Supervising
Engineer and Counsel in United States Reclamation Service ; Former Town Councillor Takoma

[99]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Park, Maryland ; Member Washington Society of Engineers ; Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

BIXBY, BRIGADIER GENERAL W. H., WASHINGTON. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

BOWMAN, JOHN A., WASHINGTON.

BUCKINGHAM, MRS. BENJAMIN H., WASHINGTON. Life-Member and Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Association.

CAMPBELL, MRS. H. H., WASHINGTON.

CARMODY, MAJOR JOHN DOYLE, WASHINGTON. Attorney and Counselor at
Law ; Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

CASEY, MISS SOPHIE PEARCE, WASHINGTON. Society of Descendants of
Colonial Governors, Society of Colonial Dames, Daughters of the American Revolution,
Daughters of the Cincinnati, Dames of the Loyal Legion.

DIMOCK, MRS. HENRY F. (SUSAN WHITNEY), NEW YORK CITY. President
George Washington Memorial Association.

DUVEL, DOCTOR J. W. T., WASHINGTON. Bureau of Plant Industry, United
States Department of Agriculture.

EVANS, MRS. ROBLEY D. (CHARLOTTE T.), WASHINGTON. George Wash-
ington Memorial Association.

FREEMAN, MISS ISABEL COLEMAN, WASHINGTON. Life-Member and Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Association.

GRANGER, J. T., WASHINGTON.

HAGUE, ARNOLD, PH. D., SC. D., LL. D., WASHINGTON. Past President Geo-
logical Society of America; Vice-President International Geological Congresses, Paris,
1900, Stockholm, 1910 ; Geologist of expeditions under U. S. Government, and that of
China, etc.; Member National Academy of Sciences, Geological Society of London, Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, George Washington Memorial Association.

HEMMICK, MRS. CHRISTIAN, WASHINGTON. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

HUME, MRS. FRANK (EMMA R.), WASHINGTON. George Washington Memo-
rial Association.

KIBBEY, MISS BESSIE J., WASHINGTON. Vice-President General George Wash-
ington Memorial Association and contributor to Building.

KOBER, DOCTOR GEORGE M., WASHINGTON. Professor of Hygiene and Dean
of Medical School, Georgetown University; Vice-President Board of Charities; Secretary
Association of American Physicians ; Past President National Association for Study and
Prevention of Tuberculosis, Anthropological Society of Washington, Medical Society of
District of Columbia ; Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science, and
of American Medical Association; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building;
Member Historical Society of the District of Columbia, American Public Health Associa-
tion, Washington Academy 'of Sciences.

MERRITT, LEONARD ATKINS, LL. M., M. DIP., WASHINGTON. Sons of the
American Revolution.

PENNINGTON, MRS. LOUIS (MARY VANDERPOOL), WASHINGTON.

PHILLIPS, MRS. DUNCAN CLINCH, WASHINGTON. Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association.

POTTS, BRIGADIER-GENERAL R. D., U. S. A., WASHINGTON.

ROOME, MRS. LILIAN PIKE, WASHINGTON. Regent Thirteen Colonies Chapter
Daughters of the American Revolution.

SMALL WOOD, MRS. GEORGE THOMAS (DELLA GRAEME ROBINSON),
WASHINGTON. Vice-President General Daughters of the American Revolution.

STRAIT, MRS. N. A. (HELEN B.), WASHINGTON.

THOMPSON, MRS. EMMA S., WASHINGTON.

TRAIN, MRS. CHARLES J., WASHINGTON.

WOOD, REVEREND CHARLES, WASHINGTON. Minister Church of the
Covenant.

ftatfki

JOHNSON, MELVILLE EDWARD, PALATKA.

PAUL, JOHN J., WATERTOWN. Second Vice-President East Coast Lumber
Company.

[100]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

RUTHERFORD, MISS MILDRED LEWIS, ATHENS. Historian General United
Daughters of the Confederacy; Principal Lucy Cobb Institute, Athens, Georgia.
SANDERS, REVEREND ROBERT STUART, THOMASVILLE.

COLEMAN, MRS. HARRIET CASTLE, HONOLULU.

COOKE, AMOS FRANCIS, HONOLULU.

KATSUKI, ICHITARO, M. D., HONOLULU. Fellow American Academy of Medi-
cine and of American Medical Association ; Member Hawaiian Medical Society, American
Therapeutic Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, National
Geographic Society.

LOWREY, FREDERICK J., HONOLULU. Sons of the American Revolution; Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Building.

ELDRIDGE, WILLIAM HENRY, A. B., TWIN FALLS. Vice-President and Histo-
rian Idaho Society Sons of the American Revolution ; Member Society of Colonial Wars,
New England Historical and Genealogical Society.

AKERLEY, A. W., M. D., DANVILLE. American Association for the Advancement
of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

BALDWIN, MATTSON H., PROPHETSTOWN.

BLATCHFORD, PAUL, OAK PARK.

BLISS, S. E., CHICAGO. Sons of the American Revolution; Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

BLOCK, WILLIARD T., CHICAGO.

BOGERT, W. B., CHICAGO. President Bogert, Maltby, and Company, Commission
Merchants ; Past President Illinois Society Sons of the Revolution ; Member Society of
Colonial Wars, Huguenot Society.

BOYLES, MISS KATHERINE, WINNETKA.

BRINKERHOFF, DAVID CASSATT, SPRINGFIELD. Past Commander, Stephen-
son Post, Grand Army of the Republic ; Member Sons of the American Revolution, Francis
Scott Key Memorial Association ; Life-Member Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society.

BROWN, MRS. HELEN HULBURD, CHICAGO. Society of Colonial Dames,
Daughters of the American Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association.

BROWN, I. E., OAK PARK.

BROWN, MRS. WILLIAM L., EVANSTON. Society of Mayflower Descendants,
Daughters of the American Revolution.

BUFFALO TOWNSHIP PUBLIC LIBRARY, POLO.

BURR, RICHARD, CHICAGO.

CHASE, MRS. HENRY M., GALESBURG.

CUMMINGS, MRS. ROBERT FOWLER, CHICAGO.

DAVIS, DAVID JOHN, M. D., PH. D., WILMETTE. American Association for
the Advancement of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

DICKINSON, ALBERT, CHICAGO. President The Albert Dickinson Company; Direc-
tor Chicago Dock Company; Member Chicago Historical Society, Academy of Science,
Grand Army of the Republic.

DISBROW, LEWIS W., WARRENSBURG. Sons of the American Revolution.

ELWOOD, MRS. JAMES G. (MARGARET PEARCE),* JOLIET.

ENGSTROM, E. W., ROCKFORD.

*Died November 30, 1915.

[101]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

ESKRIDGE, MISS AMMOROY, CHICAGO.

FOOTE, JOHN C, BELVIDERE.

FULLER, O. F., CHICAGO. Chairman of Board, Fuller-Morrison Company; Honor-
ary President for life Chicago Veteran Drug Association ; Life-Member Chicago Art Insti-
tute Chicago Academy of Science, Illinois Historical Society, Chicago Historical Society.

'GALLENTINE, MRS. c. D. (OLIVE GREEN), MORRISON.

GRAY, CHARLES GILMER, SPRINGFIELD.

HAWLEY, PHILIP FERGUSON, CHICAGO.

HOLDOM, HONORABLE JESSE, CHICAGO.

HUMPHREYS, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL HENRY H., U. S. A., RETIRED,
EVANSTON. Member Army of the Potomac, Civil War, 1862-1865 ; retired after Spanish-
American War as Lieutenant-Colonel 22nd Infantry; Member Sons of the American Revo-
lution, Society of the Army of the Potomac, Naval History Society, National Geographical
Society.

JENSEN, JENS, CHICAGO. President Friends of Our Native Landscape; Life
Governing Member Chicago Art Institute; Fellow American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

LAWRENCE, GEORGE A., LL. D., GALESBURG.

LEDNUM, E. T., CHICAGO. Sons of the American Revolution, American Institute
of Mining Engineers ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

LINN, MRS. WILLIAM R., CHICAGO.

LITTLEJOHN, W. J., CHICAGO. CONTRIBUTOR GEORGE WASHINGTON
MEMORIAL BUILDING.

LYON, MRS. THOMAS R. (HARRIET R.), CHICAGO.

MARSHALL, CAPTAIN TOM A., EVANSTON. Editor Trap, Gun, and Rod De-
partment, Chicago Examiner.

LYON, MRS. THOMAS R. (HARRIET R.), CHICAGO.

McFERREN, MRS. LOTTIE L., HOOPESTON.

MITCHELL, MRS. JAMES K., GALESBURG. George Washington Memorial Asso-
ciation.

MORGAN, REVEREND CHARLES L., ELGIN.

MORRIS, HENRY CRITTENDEN, LL. B., A. M., LIT. D., CHICAGO. Former
U. S. Consul to Ghent ; Attorney ; Trustee Lombard College ; Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

PACKARD, MRS. THADDEUS B. (JENNIE BRIGGS), BLOOMINGTON. Past
President William T. Sherman Relief Corps of Bloomington ; Member Daughters of the
American Revolution, United States Daughters of 1812, Ladies of the Grand Army of the
Republic, McLean County Historical Society.

PADDOCK, HONORABLE JAMES H., SPRINGFIELD.

PADDOCK, J. H., SPRINGFIELD.

PADDOCK, MRS. MARY L., SPRINGFIELD.

PADDOCK, HONORABLE PORTER, SPRINGFIELD.

PAGE, EDWARD CARLTON, DE KALB.

PIERSON, A. V., LEXINGTON. Sons of the American Revolution, Illinois State
Historical Society, McLean County Historical Society.

RANDLE, JOHN E., SHIPMAN.

REID, MRS. PATRICK GORDON (ELIZABETH DORRANCE FISH), CHICAGO.
Member Society of Mayflower Descendants, Daughters of the American Revolution, United
States Daughters of 1812.

ROLF, A. A., CHICAGO.

ROOSA, EDWARD DE HAVEN, SPRINGFIELD. Sons of the American Revolu-
tion, Society of the War of 1812; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

ROWLAND, MISS CLARA ALDEN, EVANSTON.

SABIN, MRS. D. D. (HARRIET FOOTE), BELVIDERE. Society of Mayflower
Descendants, Daughters of the American Revolution.

[102]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SALTER, ALLEN, M. D., LENA. American Association for the Advancement of
Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

SECHLER, THOMAS M., MOLINE.

SHEPARDSON, FRANCIS W., CHICAGO.

SHERMAN, MRS. E. B., CHICAGO. President National Society Dames of the
Loyal Legion ; Member Society of Colonial Daughters of American Founders and Patriots,
Daughters of the American Revolution.

SNYDER, MRS. K. F., FREEPORT.

THAYER, STEPHEN AUSTIN, BLOOMINGTON.

TUTTLE, H. H., M. D., SPRINGFIELD.

VAN NORMAN, MRS. GEORGE B. (MARIA A. BOOTH), CHICAGO. Member
Committee on Patriotic Education, Daughters of the American Revolution, Chicago Colony
of New England Women.

WALDO, MRS. OTIS H. (KATE IVES), CHICAGO.

WEIMER, EDWIN A., M. D., PEORIA.

WILLIAMS, MISS CORNELIA BARTOW, CHICAGO. Society of Mayflower
Descendants, Illinois Society Colonial Dames of America, Daughters of Founders and
Patriots of America, Daughters of the American Revolution.

WINN, COLONEL CHARLES A., CHICAGO. Lieutenant Colonel Fifty-eighth Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry ; Past Post Commander Grand Army of the Republic ;
Sons of the American Revolution.

Snbiana

BLACK, JAMES CHURCHILL, PH. D., ANDERSON. American Historical Asso-
ciation, Mississippi Valley Historical Association, State Teachers' Association, Northern
Indiana Teachers' Association.

CONLEY, HONORABLE W. F,, VALPARAISO. Past State Senator, 32nd District,
Ohio ; Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

DINWIDDIE, LEE, FOWLER.

EICHELBERGER, MRS. OCTAVIA B., TERRE HAUTE. Lecturer, connected with
Reciprocity Bureau of Indiana Federation ; Daughters of the American Revolution, Society
of Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic.

ELKH ART-CARNEGIE LIBRARY, ELKHART.

FISH, MRS. FREDERICK S., SOUTH BEND.

HOWAT, DOCTOR WILLIAM FREDERICK, HAMMOND. American Association
for the Advancement of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MILLER, HUGH TH., COLUMBUS.

NILES, WILLIAM, LA PORTE.

VON KNAPPE, WILHELM T., A. M., M. D., VINCENNES. Sons of the American
Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

Jotoa

ANKENY, MISS HARRIET L., DES MOINES. Past Recording Secretary Abigail
Adams Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution; Member Pocahontas Memorial
Association, Mary Ball Washington Memorial Association.

CHARLTON, DOCTOR THOMAS B., CLINTON.

CHILDS, MISS ANNA GERTRUDE, CEDAR FALLS.

CLOCK-REEL CHAPTER, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION,
JANESVILLE.

COLLINS, MISS MARY C, KEOKUK.

DEACON, MRS. C. J. (SYLVIA M.), CEDAR RAPIDS.

DIVER, JAMES BRICE, KEOKUK. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

DOWLING, RIGHT REVEREND AUSTIN, D. D., DES MOINES. Bishop of Des
Moines.

EATON, Colonel F. L., SIOUX CITY. President and General Manager Sioux City
Stock Yards Company; Vice-President The Live Stock National Bank, Sioux City; Past

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Aide-de-Camp on Staff of Governor Woodbury of Vermont; Member Sons of the
American Revolution, Sons of Veterans.

FAXON, HONORABLE RALPH H., DES MOINES. Secretary-Treasurer Interna-
tional Farm Congress; Chairman Kansas State Conservation Commission; Past Publicity
and Industrial Commissioner, Wichita, Kansas ; Past Editor and Owner The Evening Tele-
gram, Garden City, Kansas; Member Sons of the American Revolution, Kansas Historical

S°C1GAYLORD, MRS. CHARLES HENRY (MARY JANE LOOMIS), D. O., DES
MOINES Past Regent Abigail Adams Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

HAVEN, MERWIN, OTTUMWA.

JACKS, FRANK N., FARMINGTON. Lawyer.

KIBBEY, MRS. WILLIAM BECKFORD, MARSHALLTOWN. George Washing-
ton Memorial Association.

LINDLY, HONORABLE JOHN M., WINFIELD. State Senator loth District Iowa.

LYON, GEORGE A., ESTHERVILLE. Sons of the American Revolution, Sons of
Veterans of the Civil War; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MASON, JAMES ELAINE, DES MOINES. Past Governor Society of Colonial
Wars, State of Iowa; Past Commander Grand Army of the Republic; Member Sons of
the Revolution, State Historical Society of Iowa ; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

PINNEY, E. E., CEDAR RAPIDS.

RICE, PROFESSOR SARA FINDLAY, M. A., CEDAR RAPIDS. Professor of
History, Iowa State Teachers' College; Daughters of the American Revolution, American
Historical Association, Iowa State Historical Association, Mississippi Valley Historical
Association.

RIGGS, PROFESSOR SARA M., B. L., CEDAR FALLS. Head of Department of
History, Iowa State Teachers' College; American Historical Association, Iowa Historical
Society, Mississippi Valley Historical Association.

SCHOONOVER, GEORGE L.( ANAMOSA. Secretary National Masonic Research
Society.

STEIN, DOCTOR S. G., MUSCATINE. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

VAN EVERA, MRS. ELEANOR, GRINNELL.

WATERMAN, H. L., OTTUMWA. Sons of the American Revolution, Grand Army
of the Republic.

DILLON, MRS. H. P. (SUSIE BROWN), TOPEKA.

ELLIOTT, CHARLES S., TOPEKA. Secretary Capitol Building and Loan Association.

FAXON, HONORABLE RALPH H., WICHITA. Executive Secretary-Treasurer of
International Dry Farming Congress ; Founder of first interstate highway in West, the
New Santa Fe Trail; Secretary National Irrigation Congress, 1909; Past Director
Kansas Historical Society; Member Sons of the American Revolution, Sons of Veterans,
American Humane Association.

FROST, JOHN E., TOPEKA.

PURCELL, MRS. E. B. (ELIZABETH HOYT), MANHATTAN. President Colonial
Dames of America, Kansas; Director Kansas State Historical Society; Registrar Daughters
of Patriots and Founders, Kansas; Regent Emeritus Polly Ogden Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution; Vice-President Board of Directors, Carnegie Free Public Library;
Member Mayflower Society, Massachusetts and Kansas.

WELLMAN, FLOYD E., KINSLEY. Trustee of Kinsley Township; Member Sons
of the American Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial Association.

luntucfcj?

CRAIK, VERY REVEREND CHARLES E., D. D., LOUISVILLE. Dean of Christ
Church Cathedral ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

[104]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

GOODLOE, MRS. JOHN KEMP (MARY L,), LOUISVILLE. First Treasurer
George Washington Memorial Association ; Member Filson Historical Society.

GRAND LODGE (THE) OF KENTUCKY, F. AND A. M., LOUISVILLE.

JONES, MISS SALLIE F., WINCHESTER.

JONES, HONORABLE LEWIS H., LOUISVILLE. Past Judge Probate Court
Clark County, Kentucky; was Captain in Kentucky State Guards; Life-Member Virginia
Historical Society; Member Filson Club of Louisville; Author "Jones of Virginia."

KEITH, MRS. CHARLES ALEXANDER (ANNA DICKINSON ROE), A. B.,
RICHMOND. Regent James Roe Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

KELLEY, MORRISS DE WITT, M. D., LA GRANGE. President Butte and Spo-
kane Mining Company, Spokane, Washington.

LONGNECKER, BEN, MAYSVILLE.

PARK, MRS. ROBERT BUCKNER (AGNES SHERLEY), ELIZABETHTOWN.
United Daughters of the Confederacy.

PETER, HONORABLE ARTHUR, LOUISVILLE.

THRUSTON, ROGERS CLARK BALLARD, LOUISVILLE. Ex-President General
Sons of the American Revolution. .

WARREN, REVEREND EDWARD L., D. D., LOUISVILLE.

CLINE, ISAAC MONROE, M. D., A. M., PH. D., NEW ORLEANS. Meteorologist
United States Weather Service since 1882; District Forecaster West Gulf District and
Section Director Louisianian Section since 1901 ; Member American Association for the
Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, Louisiana Historical Society,
National Institute of Social Sciences, Pan American Scientific Congress (1915-1916) ; Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Building; Author.

FEINGOLD, DOCTOR M., NEW ORLEANS. American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HART, W. O., NEW ORLEANS. Attorney. Vice-Chairman Executive Committee
American Peace Centenary Association; Delegate National Peace Congress, 1909, 191 1, 1913,
1915 ; Member Executive and other Committees Louisiana Historical Society, American
Historical Association, Naval Historical Society of the United States, Lake Mohpnk Inter-
national Conference on Arbitration, American Peace Society, American and Louisiana Bar
Associations, Historical Societies of Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico,
Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, New York, South Carolina, and Virginia.

HOWARD MEMORIAL LIBRARY, NEW ORLEANS.

QUINCY, MRS. ROGER BRADSHAW, NEW ORLEANS.

WATT, MRS. JOHN (EDNA BARTLETT CONNER), NEW ORLEANS. Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association.

ftpttec

CARPENTER, MISS ABBIE F., PORTLAND.

DAVIS, MRS. GEORGE R. (ANNIE TRUE), PORTLAND. Society of Mayflower
Descendants, Daughters of the American Revolution.
EATON, HENRY B., CALAIS.
FELLOWS, DANA W., M. D., PORTLAND.

FLANDERS, ALBERT ALLEN PIERCE, BANGOR. Society of Colonial Wars,
Sons of the American Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HACKETT, MISS FANNIE M., BIDDEFORD. Chapter Registrar Daughters of the
American Revolution.

HANSON, HONORABLE GEORGE M., CALAIS. Judge of Supreme Judicial Court,
State of Maine.

HASKELL, E. J., WESTBROOK.

NEWCOMB, LINCOLN H., EASTPORT.

[105]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

RICE MRS NORA CLAIRE GRANT, GARDINER. Member Daughters of the
American 'Revolution, and Founder and first Regent of Samuel Grant Chapter of Gardiner
Maine- Past Vice-Regent of Maine Daughters of the American Revolution, and holder of
other offices therein ; Member Pocahontas Society of Virginia, National Red Cross Society,
Eastern Maine Historical Association, L' Alliance Francaise.

STEWART, HONORABLE JOHN C., YORK VILLAGE. Attorney; Past Maine
Senator; President and Treasurer S. S. S. Building Association; President Arizona and
Boston Smelting and Reduction Company, and President, Treasurer, or Director other
business organizations; Vice-President Maine Society Sons of the American Revolu-
tion ; Past Vice-President York County National Bank ; Member Maine Historical Society,

^"wOODBURY, GEORGE ASA, WOODBURYTpN MANOR, SEBAGO LAKE.
Contributor George Washington Memorial Building; Life-Member Lord's Day League of
New England.

COOK, JOHN GLENN, BALTIMORE. American Association for the Advancement
of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building,

COURTENAY, A. D. B., BALTIMORE. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

DAWKINS, HONORABLE WALTER I., MARYLAND. Judge, Supreme Bench,
Baltimore; Past President Maryland Bar Association; Member American Bar Association,
Maryland Historical Society, American Historical Association, National Economic League,
Academy of Political and Social Science.

FIELD, CHARLES W., BALTIMORE. Lawyer.

HIGGINS, FRANK, ROCKVILLE. Attorney.

SHUCK, GEORGE C, CUMBERLAND. Assistant Postmaster of Cumberland.

STRAUS, AARON, BALTIMORE. Contributor George Washington Memorial Build-
ing.

THOMAS, JAMES W., CUMBERLAND. Counselor-at-Law.

VAN VORST, W. B., CAMBRIDGE.

ALDEN, JOHN, ANDOVER. Contributor George Washington Memorial Buffiing.

BALDWIN, LOAMMI F., WOBURN. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

BELKNAP, HENRY W^CKOFF, SALEM. American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, Essex Institute, New England Historic Genealogical Society, New York
Genealogical and Biographical Society, National Genealogical Society, New York Historical
Society, Connecticut Historical Society, Society for Preservation of New England Antiqui-
ties, American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, Modern Historic Records Associa-
tion, New York; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

BOND, KENNETH BACON, BOSTON. George Washington Memorial Association.

BOWEN, MRS. J. A. (FANNY M. C), FALL RIVER. Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution.

BROWN, DOCTOR PLUMB, SPRINGFIELD.

CAPTAIN JOSEPH HOOKER CHAPTER, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION, ENFIELD.

CHAPPLE, JOE MITCHELL, BOSTON. Editor The National Magazine ; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

COLONEL HENSHAW CHAPTER, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVO-
LUTION, LEICESTER.

COMEY, HENRY NEWTON, DANVERS.

CROPLEY, MRS. SARAH DELINA, DORCHESTER. Life-Member New England
Historic Genealogical Society; Member Society of Mayflower Descendants, Society for
Preservation of Antiquities of Boston, Maine Genealogical Society, Essex Institute, Society
of Genealogy of London.

CULBERTSON, EMMA VALERIA PINTARD BICKNELL, A. M., M. D., F. A. C. S.,

[106]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

BOSTON. Attending Surgeon New England Hospital for Women and Children; Member
American College of Surgeons, American Academy of Medicine, American Medical Asso-
ciation, New England Medical Society, Massachusetts Medical Society; Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

CURRIER, MARLON D., LAWRENCE. General Superintendent Champion Inter-
national Company.

CUTLER, MRS. N. S. (HATTIE I.), GREENFIELD.

DORR, HENRY ISAIAH, SOMERVILLE.

DUTCHER, FRANK J., HOPEDALE.

DUTCHER, MISS GRACE M., HOPEDALE. Boston Daughters of Vermont.

ESTABROOK, ARTHUR F., BOSTON. American Association for Advancement
of Science ; American Political Science Association ; American Humane Association, Metro-
politan Art Museum; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

FAIRBANKS, MISS H. G., WESTBORO. Daughters of the American Revolution,
and Daughters of the American Revolution Nurse in the United States Army during Span-
ish-American War ; Isthmian Canal Commission Nurse ; Charter Member Society of the
Chagres.

FOSTER, JOHN W., CAMBRIDGE.

FOURTIN, DOCTOR EDMUND R. P., WALTHAM. Massachusetts Medical So-
ciety ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

GIFFORD, O. P., BROOKLINE.

GILMAN, JOHN E., ROXBURY. Commissioner Soldiers' Relief Department, City
of Boston ; Past Commander-in-Chief Grand Army of the Republic ; Past President Rox-
bury Historical Society; Member George Washington Memorial Association, Cork (Ireland)
Historical Society.

GLEASON, JAMES M., BOSTON.

GRANGER, FRANK CLARK, M. D., RANDOLPH.

GRANGER, LUCIUS DWIGHT, WORCESTER.

HARTLEY, MRS. EDWARD MARSLAND (MARY PIERCE), FALL RIVER.
Past Regent Quequechan Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Past Vice-Presi-
dent Union Hospital, Fall River.

HEDGE, FREDERIC H., BROOKLINE. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

HOLMAN, MRS. CHARLES B. (MARY C), HOPKINTON.

HOUGHTON, CHARLES E., HYDE PARK.

HOWE, REVEREND GEORGE MILTON, GROTON.

KAUFMANN, MRS. CARL F. (ELIZABETH CHENEY), BOSTON.

KIMBALL, FRANK REED, SC. B., LEXINGTON. Society of Colonial Wars, Sons
of the American Revolution, Boston Scientific Society; Past Director General Theological
Library, Boston.

KNAPP, GEORGE B., AUBURNDALE.

LOWE, ARTHUR H., FITCHBURG. Treasurer Parkhill Manufacturing Company.

LUNT, WILLIAM WALLACE, HINGHAM. President Massachusetts Society of
the War of 1812, and Vice-President General of the General Society of the War of 1812;
Vice-Commander General of General Commandery of the Society of American Wars ; Secre-
tary Hingham Historical Society; Member Sons of the Revolution; Honorary Member So-
ciety of the Cincinnati (New Hampshire).

MEAD, DOCTOR GEORGE NATHANIEL PLUMER, WINCHESTER. Massa-
chusetts Medical Society : Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MERCHANT, HONORABLE GEORGE E., GLOUCESTER. Ex-Mayor of Glouces-
ter; has been President Gloucester Common Council, Alderman, Chairman of Water
Board, etc.

MERRILL, MISS HELEN A., WELLESLEY. American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MILLER, MISS NANCY, NORTHAMPTON.

NEWHALL, CHARLES LYMAN, CHELSEA. George • Washington Memorial
Association.

PALMER, MISS ELLEN F., ENFIELD.

PARISH, ROSWELL, BROOKLINE.

PARSONS, WILLIAM EMERSON, GLOUCESTER.

PARTRIDGE, HARVEY W., PITTSFIELD.

[107]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

PEABODY INSTITUTE LIBRARY, PEABODY.

PIERCE, MRS. A. MARTIN (LIZZIE J.), NEW BEDFORD. George Washington
Memorial Association.

PIERCE, ROSCOE, BOSTON. Sons of the American Revolution, New England
Historic Genealogical Society.

RICE, FRANCIS H.,* MILBURY.

RICHMOND, J. B., BOSTON.

ROE, HONORABLE ALFRED S., WORCESTER.

SHELDON, JUDGE GEORGE, DEERFIELD. Founder and President Pocumtuck
Valley Memorial Association.

SILSBY, T. JULIEN, BOSTON. Sons of the American Revolution; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

SMITH, MARY ALMIRA, M. D., A. M., SC. D., F. A. C. S., BOSTON. Senior
Surgeon New England Hospital ; Consulting Surgeon New Hampshire Memorial Hospital ;
Member Clinical Congress of Surgeons ; American College of Surgeons, American Medical
Association, Massachusetts Medical Society, American Art Society; Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

SOUTHBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY, SOUTHBRIDGE.

SPRAGUE, MRS. CHARLES H. (EMELINE WINSHIP), MALDEN.

STICKNEY, MISS SARAH E., NEWBURYPORT.

THAYER, CHARLES I., BOSTON. Treasurer Sons of the Revolution; Treasurer
Order of Founders and Patriots (for Massachusetts) ; Member Society of Mayflower De-
scendants, Society of Colonial Wars; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

THOMAS CRANE PUBLIC LIBRARY, QUINCY.

THOMPSON, JUDGE FRANCIS McGEE, GREENFIELD. Vice-President Pocum-
tuck Valley Memorial Association.

TODD, THOMAS, CONCORD. President Thomas Todd Company, Boston; Member
Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

TOWER, MRS. RICHARD G. (HENRIETTA W.), LEXINGTON.

TREFRY, HONORABLE WILLIAM DAVIS THAYER, A. M., MARBLEHEAD.
Massachusetts Tax Commissioner and Commissioner of Corporations ; Past Auditor State
of Massachusetts and Chairman Massachusetts Commission of Savings Banks; President
Marblehead Historical Society ; President Bibliophile Society of Boston ; Member Sons of the
American Revolution, Essex Institute of Salem; Phi Beta Kappa Tufts College.

TROWBRIDGE, MISS LIZZIE JANE, WHITINSVILLE. Director Whitinsville Hos-
pital; Member Daughters of the American Revolution, Mendon Historical Society, Na-
tional Geographic Society.

UNDERWOOD, EDWARD L., CANTON. Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the
American Revolution; Trustee Canton Public Library.

VAN NOSTRAND, A. G., BOSTON. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

WESSON, JAMES L., BOSTON.

WHEELER, MRS. C. H., CONCORD.

WOODBURY, MRS. IDA VOSE, BOSTON. Field Representative American Mission-
ary Association; Member Daughters of the American Revolution, National Indian Rights
Association.

ASHBAUGH, MRS. R. H. (DELPHENE D.), DETROIT. President State Federa-
tion of Women's Clubs.

NTINE' MRS' SILAS L- (CAROLINE WHITMAN FARRAND), PORT

BENNETT, MRS. ALBERT D. (LOUISE HOWARD), PORT HURON.

BISSELL, MRS. M. R. (ANNA), GRAND RAPIDS.

BLAKE, WILLIAM F., GRAND RAPIDS. Ex-Deputy U. S. Consul and Consular
gemv,m 9?*?*! Member Sons of the American Revolution.

BRADY, SAMUEL, ROCKLAND.

FRROWS, MRS. JULIUS C.,** KALAMAZOO. Past Vice-President General, Cor-
espondmg Secretary General, and Michigan State Regent Daughters of the American Revo-

*Died January 15, 1916.

**Died January 13, 1916.

[108]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

lution ; Past National President Children of the American Revolution ; Past Member Colonial
Dames of America.

DUCHARME, FREDERICK T., DETROIT.

EMERSON, MRS. JUSTIN E. (WILIMENA H. ELIOT), A. M., M. D., DETROIT.
Chairman Historic Research and Landmarks Committee, Detroit Daughters of the American
Revolution; Past Vice-President Society of Colonial Dames; Past State Chairman Daugh-
ters of Colonial Governors.

GRANT, MRS. GEORGE, SAGINAW.

HACKLEY (THE) PUBLIC LIBRARY, MUSKEGON.

HALL, MRS. C. B. (ELIZABETH POMEROY), LANSING.

HASTINGS, MRS. MARY L., DETROIT. George Washington Memorial Association.

HASTINGS, MISS SARAH B., DETROIT. George Washington Memorial Association.

JUDSON, WILLIAM, GRAND RAPIDS. President Grand Rapids Chapter Sons of
the American Revolution; Director Michigan Trust Company; President Judson Grocer
Company ; Vice-President Old National Bank, Grand Rapids.

KELLOGG, DOCTOR J. H., BATTLE CREEK. Superintendent Battle Creek Sani-
tarium ; Member American Association for the Advancement of Science ; Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

KEPHART, WALTER DOWNING, PETOSKEY. Past First Vice-President Mary
Washington Chapter Children of the American Revolution ; Member Betsy Ross Memorial
Association.

LYONS, A. B. M. D., DETROIT.

MATHER, ENOCH, M. SC, M. D., LL. D., MOUNT CLEMENS. Vice-President
American Medico-Pharmaceutical League ; Vice-President International, National, Michi-
gan State, California State, and Missouri State Eclectic Medical Associations ; Member
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Medico-Legal Society of New York,
Royal Institute of Public Health, London, England.

MOORE, LINDSAY COATES, D. D. S., DETROIT. Past Commander Michigan
Division Sons of Veterans; Member Sons of the American Revolution.

MOULTON, MRS. ROY KENNETH (EDITH POWERS), GRAND RAPIDS.
State Corresponding Secretary National Society United States Daughters of 1812 ; State
Recording Secretary Michigan Equal Suffrage Association ; Member Daughters of the
American Revolution, Dames of the Loyal Legion, Mt. Vernon Society, Society of Pioneers
of Michigan, Michigan Historical Society, Woman's Press Association.

NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS OF 1812 FOR
THE STATE OF MICHIGAN.

PUBLIC LIBRARY, KALAMAZOO.

SMITH, DUDLEY WETMORE, DETROIT. President The T. B. Royal Company
(Hardware), Detroit; Member Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the American Revolution;
Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

STONE, MRS. WILLIAM A., KALAMAZOO.

TAYLOR, FRANK DWIGHT, DETROIT. Past President Michigan Society Sons
of the American Revolution; Member Society of Pioneers of Michigan, Michigan Histori-
cal Society.

THOMPSON, JAMES H., LANSING. Counselor-at-Law.

WARREN, EDWARD K., THREE OAKS. President and Chairman of Board of
Trustees, International Sunday School Association; President E. K. Warren and Company,
Bankers ; President Warren Featherbone Company.

WITHINGTON, MRS. WILLIAM H. (JULIA CHITTENDEN BEEBE), JACKSON
Honorary Life Regent Sarah Treat Prudden Chapter, Daughters of the American Revo-
lution, Jackson.

CLARKE, MISS MARIANNE, ST. CLOUD.

DODGE, LOUIS L., MINNEAPOLIS. Sons of the American Revolution ; Contribu-
tor George Washington Memorial Building.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

DONAHOWER, COLONEL JEREMIAH CHESTER, SAINT PAUL. Lieutenant-
Colonel Second Regiment Minnesota National Guard; Captain (Civil War) Second Regi-
ment Minnesota Infantry; Senior Vice-Commander Minnesota Commandery Loyal Legion;
Member Saint Paul Board of Water Commissioners ; Cashier First National Bank, Saint
Peter, Minnesota; Life-Member Minnesota Historical Society.

ENGEL, RIGHT REVEREND PETER, O. S. B., COLLEGEVILLE. Abbot of St.
John's Benedictine Abbey; President St. John's University.

HALL, DARWIN S.,. OLIVIA. President Fort Ridgely State Park and Historical
Association ; Life-Member Minnesota Historical Society, Minnesota State Agricultural
Society, Minnesota State Horticultural Society ; Member Mississippi Valley Historical
Society.

MANDIGO, W. R., SAINT PAUL. Sons of the American Revolution, American Red
Cross Society; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MERRIAM, W. N., DULUTH. Geologist Oliver Iron Mining Company.

PHELPS, EDMUND J., MINNEAPOLIS. Banker and Manufacturer; Past Presi-
dent Minneapolis Park Board ; Member Society of Colonial Wars.

PHILLIPS, G. M., NORTHFIELD.

POOLE, REVEREND CHARLES AUGUSTUS, M. A., B. D., S. T. D., FARIBAULT.
Professor Emeritus of Divinity and Professor of Ethics and Apologetics Seabury Divinity
School.

QVALE, HONpRABLE GAUTHE E., WILLMAR. Judge of District Court, Twelfth
Judicial District, Minnesota.

REGAN, WILLIAM M., MINNEAPOLIS. President Regan Brothers

SAYLES, CHARLES N., FARIBAULT. Official Shorthand Reporter Fifth Judicial
District of Minnesota ; Member Society of Colonial Wars.

SWEATT, MISS ADA L., FERGUS FALLS. Daughters of the American Revolution

WATSON, JOHN J., SAINT PAUL.

WHITNEY, HARRY EDWARD, FARIBAULT.

ATWOOD, DOCTOR LE GRAND, FERGUSON. Formerly Superintendent St.
Louis Hospital of the Insane and State Asylum of Insane at Fulton, Missouri

BLISS, DOCTOR M. A., ST. LOUIS.

BROWN, GEORGE WARREN, ST. LOUIS. Missouri Historical Society

CLARKE, ENOS, KIRKWOOD.

DAWSON, JAMES P., WEBSTER GROVES.

DELAFIELD, MRS. WALLACE (ELIZABETH THOMSON HANENKAMP) ST
LOUIS. Honorary Vice-President General for Life National Society Daughters of the
American Revolution ; Recording Secretary Missouri Society of Colonial Dames ; President
Missouri Chapter Daughters of Founders and Patriots; Member Board of Managers Mis-
souri Historical Society ; Past Vice-President Missouri Society United States Daughters of
1812; Member Order of the Crown, Huguenot Society of South Carolina

DEVOY, EDWARD, ST. LOUIS

DUNCAN, MRS. JOHN H., ST. LOUIS.
NIBALTTE> MRS' CAROLUS MOLLENKOTT (JEANNIE MAY DUBACH), HAN-

HAEUSSLER, HERMAN A., ST. LOUIS. Attorney.

REISER, PROFESSOR E. H., CLAYTON.

LARKIN, E. H., ST. LOUIS

MECHIN, GUS. V. R., ST. LOUIS.

MISSOURI STATE LIBRARY, JEFFERSON CITY

CHARLES' ST- LOUIS- Ex-United states Secreta^ of

ORR, OWEN C, ST. LOUIS.

(I°A MAY WARDEN>- KANSAS CITY. Society of

RUMSEY, 'MRS. W. C. (LOUISE K), WEBSTER GROVES. Regent Webster
'' DaUghterS °f the Am"ican Revolution; Member Wellesley Association

[no]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SALISBURY, MRS. MARK S. (MARY), INDEPENDENCE. Missouri State Regent
Daughters of the American Revolution; Member United States Daughters of 1812, United
Daughters of the Confederacy, Old Trails Road Association, State Historical Society of
Missouri, National Child Labor Committee; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

SPENCER, DOCTOR H. N., ST. LOUIS.

WATERS, THOMAS BUCKLEY, CONWAY. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

WILLIAM JEWELL COLLEGE LIBRARY, LIBERTY.

Montana

CAMPBELL, DONALD, M. D., BUTTE. Third Vice-President American Medical
Association; Member Montana State Medical Association, National Society for Study and
Prevention of Tuberculosis ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

COLLINS, J. B., MILES CITY. Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MILES, MRS. IDELLA DRAPER. LIVINGSTON.

CURRY, MISS MINNIE S., OMAHA.

JONAS, DOCTOR A. R, OMAHA.

LOOMIS, GEORGE L., FREMONT. Attorney; Collector Internal Revenue District
of Nebraska; Past President Nebraska Sons of the American Revolution.

McGILTON, HONORABLE EDMUND G., OMAHA. Attorney; Ex-Lieutenant
Governor of Nebraska ; Member American Bar Association, Commercial Law League of
America, Nebraska State Historical Society.

McGIVERIN, MRS. ROSE SAXTON, FREMONT. Daughters of the American
Revolution.

STEM, ARTHUR C, CHADRON.

BLAISDELL, CARL R, LAKEPORT.

BROWN, ETJSHA RHODES, DOVER. President Strafford Savings Bank.

FLATHER, MISS ALICE VIRGINIA, NASHUA. Member of firm Flather and
Company, Inc., Nashua (Machine Tool Builders), and of Flather Foundry Company, Nas-
hua; Member American Association for the Advancement of Science, Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

HAM, JOHN THOMAS WENTWORTH, DOVER. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

LAMSON, ALBERT HENRY, ELKINS. Secretary Piscataqua Pioneers, Portsmouth,
New Hampshire; Member New England Historic Genealogical Society, New Hampshire
Genealogical Society, Topsfield Historical Society.

SABINE, MRS. SILAS ALLAN (CLARA ARABELLBARDWELL), CLAREMONT.
Daughters of the American Revolution.

WEBSTER, KIMBALL, HUDSON.

WEED, MRS. CHARLES H. (HATTIE M.), CLAREMONT.

BAYLES, W. HARRISON, VERONA. Author "History of Banks and Banking"
"Old Taverns of New York," "The Old Post Road," Etc.

BELLEVILLE PUBLIC LIBRARY, BELLEVILLE.

BLACKFAN, MISS AGNES, ELIZABETH. New Jersey Society Colonial Dames of
America, Daughters of the American Revolution, Society of Descendants of Colonial Gov-
ernors, Society of Daughters of Holland Dames, Daughters of Founders and Patriots of
America, Woman's Branch New Jersey Historical Society; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

["I]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

BONNELL, MISS ADELAIDE, ELIZABETH.

BOOTH, FERRIS COBB, JERSEY CITY .

BRADLEY, EDWIN A., MONTCLA1R.

CLARK, MISS MARY S., BELVIDERE.

COLLINS, GILBERT, JERSEY CITY. Attorney; Sons of the Revolution.

COMSTOCK, ANTHONY,* SUMMIT. Secretary Society for Suppression of Vice.

CRUM, FREDERICK H., RIVER EDGE. First Vice-President and Secretary North
River Insurance Company, New York City ; Member New York Historical Society, Bergen
County (New Jersey) Historical Society, Holland Society of New York.

DISBROW, WILLIAM S., M. D., NEWARK. American Association for Advance-
ment of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

EMERY, JOHN RICHARDSON, MONTCLAIR.

HAMILTON, GEORGE A., ELIZABETH. Fellow American Institute of Electrical
Engineers ; Charter Member Societe Internationale des Electriciens ; Member American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, Societe Francaise de Physique, Societe Beige
d'Astronomie, Institute of Electrical Engineers ; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

KOERNER, MRS. HENRY JUSTUS (ANNIE MARTIN), NEWARK. State Sec-
retary New Jersey Daughters of the American Revolution; Life-Member New Jersey So-
ciety of Colonial Dames; Member Board of Managers and Acting Secretary Woman's
Branch New Jersey Historical Society; Member United States Daughters of 1812; Contrib-
utor George Washington Memorial Building.

HOMANS, SHEPPARD, ENGLEWOOD.

KEIGHLEY, MRS. CHARLES, VINELAND.

MARTIN, MRS. AUGUSTUS F. R. (ABBY ELIZA BALDWIN), NEWARK.
George Washington Memorial Association.

MCGREGOR, MRS. AUSTEN HALL (EMILY R.), NEWARK

MEAD, HONORABLE CHARLES ADRIANCE, UPPER MONTCLAIR. Com-
missioner Board of Public Utility and Chief Inspector Division of Bridges and Grade Cross-
ings, State of New York ; Member Sons of the Revolution, Order of Founders and Pa-
triots of America, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses

MEEK, MRS. WILLIAM S. (ADELAIDE NEWELL), ELIZABETH. Historian
Boudinot Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Member Society of Mayflower
Descendants, Society of Colonial Dames, Huguenot Society, Monmouth County Historical
Society.

MINOT, JESSE, RED BANK. Treasurer and Secretary Red Bank Trust Company;
Member Sons of the American Revolution, Monmouth County Historical Society.

MOUNT, MISS" CHRISTIAN A, B.' A., HOBOKEN. New Jersey Humane Society

O'CONNOR RIGHT REVEREND JOHN J., D. D., SOUTH ORANGE Bishop of
the Diocese of Newark.

PEARSALL, JAMES W., RIDGEWOOD.

POPE, MRS. JAMES EDWARD, EAST ORANGE. Daughters of the American
Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association, Mary Washington Association Navy
League, Naval History Society, Patriotic Women of American, Museum of Natural History
Numismatic Society, Historical Society of New Jersey

RpBERTS, MRS. THOMAS (ELIZABETH H. B.), RIVERTON. Historian Penn-
sylvania Society of New England Women.

ROWAND, MRS. AUGUSTA W., COLUMBUS.
SCHAUFFLER, DOCTOR WILLIAM G., LAKEWOOD
SMITH, WALTER F., TRENTON.
SNEDEN, GEORGE VIRGINIUS,* RED BANK

SonfnfPtEV,R>AALE-XAN1PE^ 9" \ *?" Lakew°°d- Trustee Hamilton College; Member

nn M AmTc?,n Revolution Society of Political Research, American Forestry Asso-

Building y Hlstonca! Sodety: Contributor George Washington Memorial

*Died September 21, 1915.
**Died December 24, 1915.

[112]

LOUIS JOLIET

Born in Canada. 1645, where lie died in 1700. he was one of the most
daring and successful of the French voyageuers.

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LKAD PLATE. BEARING THE CLAIM OF FRANCE TO THE OHIO COUNTRY, 1749
This plate, discovered in 179S, was buried at what is now Warren. Pennsylvania, hy Captain
Bienville de Celoron, and bears his inscribed s atement that he had taken possession for the
King of France, of the Ohio River, the rivers emptying therein, and the lands up to such

ri\ ers" sourrt s.

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

STAGG, MISS PAULINE H., WEST ORANGE. American Historical Association,
Vassar Alumnae Historical Association ; Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania.

WELCH, DOCTOR GEORGE T., PASSAIC. Trustee and Ex-President New Jersey
State Medical Society ; Author "Delaware in Colonial Days," "An Age Hence," "Phantom
Days," Etc.

WIKOFF, MISS ANNA I., PRINCETON.

WILLIAMS, MRS. J. B. (GERTRUDE E.), WEEHAWKEN.

WILSON, MRS. HENRY B., EAST ORANGE.

ADAMS, H. J., VERMEJO PARK. Vice- President Adams Cattle Company; Mem-
ber Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

TWITCHELL, COLONEL RALPH E., SANTA FE. Editor "Old Santa F6 ;" Attor-
ney-at-Law; Author "Leading Facts New Mexican History."

j^cto florfc

AUERBACH, MRS. MAURICE (MATILDA RICE), OLEAN.

BARNES, ALBERT A., NEW YORK CITY.

BARUCH, MRS. SIMON (BELLE S.), NEW YORK CITY. Regent Knickerbocker
Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Member George Washington Memorial
Association.

BAYLIES, BRADFORD LE BARON, M. D., BROOKLYN. Ex-President Interna-
tional Hahnemann Association and Kings County Homeopathic Medical Society; Corres-
ponding Member New York County Medical Society.

BELLER, WILLIAM F., NEW YORK CITY. American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, New York Academy of Science, American Political Science Asso-
ciation, New York Academy of Political Science, New York Horticultural, Zoological,
and Aquarian Societies, American Economic Association, American Genetic Society, Na-
tional Association of Audubon Societies, American Sociological Society, National Geo-
graphic Society, American Numismatic Society, American Society for Judicial Settlement
of International Disputes ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

BERWIND, MRS. EDWARD J., NEW YORK CITY.

BIGELOW, MRS. DANA W., UTICA.

BLISS, MISS FRANCES A., JAMESTOWN. Daughters of the American Revolution.

BLOOMFIELD, REVEREND A. W., OWEGO.

BOOMER, MRS. EUGENE H. (ANNA D. COOPER), ADAMS. Daughters of the
American Revolution.

BORDWELL, HONORABLE ERNEST R., PENN YAN. President Village of
Penn Yan ; Ex-Member State Assembly ; Member Sons of the Revolution.

BROADHEAD, MISS STELLA FLORINE, JAMESTOWN. Regent Jamestown
Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

BROWNE, CHARLES ALBERT, M. A., PH. D., NEW YORK CITY. Fellow Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science ; Member American Chemical Society,
Louisiana Historical Society, National Geographic Society ; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building; Chemist in charge New York Sugar Trade Laboratory, Inc.

BROWNING, MRS. JOHN HULL, NEW YORK CITY. George Washington
Memorial Association.

BROWNING, WILLIAM, M. D., BROOKLYN.

BRUNDAGE, ALBERT H., M. D., BROOKLYN. American Association for the
Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

BURR, DOCTOR D. S., BINGHAMTON.

CARMER, BERTRAM H., PLEASANTVILLE. President Pleasantville Board of
Education; Cashier Mt. Pleasant Bank.

CARTER, MRS. V. PERRY (LOTTIE K), FRIENDSHIP.

GARY, MRS. TRUMBULL (ALABAMA T.), BATAVIA.

CLARK, MRS. JOHN W. (HARRIET J. WEED), MILLERTON.

CLAUSEN, MRS. GEORGE C, PORT CHESTER. George Washington Memorial
Association.

[121]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

CLOSE, MISS FRANCES H., CROTON FALLS.

CLOSE, STUART, M. D., BROOKLYN.

CLUTE, JESSE HOWARD, NEW YORK CITY. Manager New York Branch Royal
Worcester Corset Company; Secretary Empire State Society Sons of American Revolution;
Member Holland Society.

CONABLE, OSCAR F., FULTONVILLE.

CORBIN, MISS SARAH EMILY, OWEGO.

CRAGIN, IRVING F., BUFFALO. Sons of the American Revolution; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

CROCKETT, MRS. STUART (ADELINE ELIZABETH SUTPHEN), NEW YORK
CITY. Daughters of the American Revolution, Navy League, American Museum of
Natural History, Columbia Institute of Arts and Sciences.

CROFT, MISS EMMA B., PEEKSKILL.

CRUTTENDEN, MRS. WILLIAM H. (MAY LUCRETIA ARNOLD), CAZENO-
VIA. Past Regent Owakgena Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

CURTIS, MRS. F. C. (CHARLOTTE B.), ALBANY.

DAVIS, EDWARD M., MOUNT VERNON.

DAVIS, FRANKLIN T., MOUNT VERNON.

DAVIS, W. D., BROOKLYN. Examiner United States Army Dept, Port of New York;
Member Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

DEMING, MRS. HORACE EDWARD (CAROLINE S.), NEW YORK CITY.

DINSMORE, MRS. W. B., STAATSBURGH.

DIVEN, JOHN M., TROY. Secretary American Water Works Association; Member
American Association for the Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

DODGE, MRS. ARTHUR MURRAY, NEW YORK CITY.

DOUGLAS, MISS MARTHA TREAT, NEW YORK. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

DUDLEY, HARWOOD,* JOHNSTOWN. Lawyer; Member Sons of the American
Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

DWIGHT, MRS. M. E. (HELEN M.), NEW YORK CITY. American Association
for the Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

EISEMAN, SAMUEL, FAR ROCKAWAY.

FISH, DOCTOR ELBERT L., WEST VALLEY. Vice-President West Valley Tele-
phone Company; Member Sons of the American Revolution, Buffalo Historical Society,
American Optical Association, National Eclectic Medical Society, Society of Mechano-
Therapeutics.

FISKE, HONORABLE EDWIN W., MOUNT VERNON. Mayor of Mount Vernon.

FORCE, WILLIAM H., NEW YORK.

FOX, ROYAL E., SYRACUSE.

FURNESS, GEORGE C, NEW YORK.

GAGE, MRS. SIMON HENRY,* ITHACA. Life-Member and Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

GARRISON, MRS. WILLIAM FRAZIER, NEW YORK CITY. George Washington
Memorial Association.

GARVEAU, MRS. LINA, NEW YORK CITY.

GIFFORD, MISS FRANCES P., SYRACUSE. Daughters of the American Revolution.

GORSLINE, MRS. RALPH HENRY (HATTIE MARILLA DEWEY), ROCHES-
TER. Daughters of the American Revolution.

GREEN, MARY WOLCOTT, A. B., LITT. D., WEST NEW BRIGHTON. Regent
Staten Island Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Member Association of Arts
and Sciences, Cooper Union Chemical Society, National Educational Association ; Author
"The Women Who Did ;" Co-Author "The Pioneer Mothers of America."

*Died October, 1915.
**Died October 5, 1915.

[122]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

GREENMAN, MRS. ANNA L., UTICA.

GRIFFITH, MISS MARGARETTE ELIZABETH, NEW YORK CITY.

GRIFFITH, MISS SUSAN DANNAT, NEW YORK CITY.

GUINZBURG, RICHARD A., NEW YORK CITY. President and Treasurer Gem
Paper Box Company; Member American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Committee of One Hundred American Public Health Association, National Geographic So-
ciety ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HAMMOND, GEORGE TILLINGHAST, BROOKLYN. American Association for
the Advancement of Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HANDMAN, NATHAN, NEW YORK CITY.
HAVEMEYER, JOHN C, YONKERS.
HAWKINS, MRS. W. S., WATERVILLE.
HEADLEY, RUSSEL, ALBANY.
HEIDE, HENRY, NEW YORK CITY.
HENRY, MRS. CHARLOTTE C., FLUSHING.
HOLDEN, ALEXANDER M., HONEOYE FALLS.
HOLMES, DANIEL, BROCKPORT.

HORTON, MRS. JOHN MILLER, BUFFALa Regent Buffalo Chapter Daughters
of the American Revolution ; Member George Washington Memorial Association.

HYDE, HENRY ST. JOHN, PH. B., A. M., NEW YORK CITY. Life-Member Sons
of the Revolution, American Geographical Society, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences;
Member New York Historical Society, American Association for the Advancement of
Science, New York Academy of Sciences, Military Society of the War of 1812, Navy
League of the United States ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

IVES, MISS A. A., NEW YORK CITY.

JACKSON, VICTOR HUGO, M. D., NEW YORK CITY. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

JARRETT, MRS. FLOYD (EMMA HOWELL), NEW YORK CITY.

JEWETT, JOSIAH, SKANEATE'LES.

KENER, EDWARD, JUNIOR, BUFFALO.

KERNAN, JOHN D., UTICA.

KIMBALL, MRS. LAURA M., ROCHESTER.

LAMBERT, SAMUEL W., M. D., NEW YORK CITY. Dean of College of Physicians
and Surgeons, Columbia University ; Fellow New York Academy of Medicine ; Member
New York Historical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science,
American Medical Association, Association of American Physicians, New England Society
of New York ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

LANSING, MRS. ABRAHAM, ALBANY. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

LARKIN, JOHN D., BUFFALO.

LAW, B. W., COLLINS. American Association for the Advancement of Science;
Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

LEVENE, P. A., M. D., NEW YORK. Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

LIFE, MRS. S. J., RYE.

LIGHTFOOTE, WILLIAM G., CANANDAIGUA. Deputy Clerk Ontario County;
Trustee New York State Sunday School Association.

LINDSLEY, MRS. SMITH M. (DORLISSA JOHNSTON), UTICA. Colonial
Dames of New York, Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society of New
England Women, Huguenot Society of America.

MACHEN, MRS. CHARLES WILLIAM (ADELE BENNETT), NEW YORK CITY.

MALLORY, MRS. HENRY ROGERS, PORT CHESTER. Vice-President George
Washington Memorial Association; Member Daughters of the American Revolution.

MANIER, ROBERT W., BINGHAMTON.

MARKHAM, HONORABLE W. G., AVON.

MARSELLUS, JOHN, SYRACUSE.

MARSH, JOSEPH A., NEW YORK CITY. Contributing Member Museum of Natural
History and Metropolitan Museum of Art.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

MAYNE, EARL H., M. D., F. A. C. S., BROOKLYN. American Association for the
Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

McKAY, MRS. NATHANIEL (JENNIE WILSON WASHINGTON POPE),
BROOKLYN. George Washington Memorial Association.

MEREDITH, MISS MARY A., PENNELLVILLE.

MIDDLETON, MRS. AUSTIN D. (CATHARINE CORNELL), NEW YORK. CITY.
New York Society of Colonial Dames, Society of Daughters of Holland Dames; Contribu-
tor George Washington Memorial Building.

MOLYNEUX, MRS. ROBERT A. (NELLIE Z.), SYRACUSE. Daughters of the
American Revolution, New York State Historical Association, New York Genealogical
and Biographical Society, Onandaga Historical Association.

NEEDHAM, HENRY C., BROOKLYN.

NEUMAN, ALLEN M. THOMAS, NEW YORK CITY.

NICHOLS, MISS ADA F., FAYETTEVILLE.

NORTHROP, MISS AMANDA CAROLYN, NEW YORK CITY. Assistant Pro-
fessor of History Hunter College ; Member American Historical Association, National
Geographical Society.

O'CONOR, JOHN CHRISTOPHER, NEW YORK CITY.

ODELL, MRS. J. THEODORE (ROZA I.), NEW ROCHELLE. Treasurer James
Henry Parker Chapter United Daughters of the Confederacy ; Director National Society
of California Women ; Member George Washington Memorial Association.

OLCOTT, DUDLEY, ALBANY. President Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, Albany,
New York; Member Albany Art and History Society; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

PECKHAM, PROFESSOR STEPHEN FARNUM, A. M., BROOKLYN.

PHILLIPS, BRADLEY H., BUFFALO.

PHILLIPS, DUNCAN CLINCH, JR., NEW YORK CITY.

PHILLIPS, JAMES LAUGHLIN, NEW YORK CITY.

PHILLIPS, MRS. WILLIAM HACKETT, NEW YORK CITY.

PIERCE, CHARLES R., HONEOYE FALLS.

PIKE, MRS. JEROME (ELIZABETH PIERCE TROWBRIDGE), CAMDEN.
Registrar Camden Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Co- Author "Pioneer
History of Camden, New York."

PRATT, MRS. GEORGE D., NEW YORK CITY.

PRENDERGAST, HONORABLE WILLIAM A., BROOKLYN. Comptroller of
New York City.

PUGSLEY, HONORABLE CORNELIUS AMORY, PEEKSKILL. President West-
chester County National Bank ; Ex -United States Congressman ; Ex-President General
Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

QUINCY, MISS ADA IVES, NEW YORK CITY.

QUINCY, CHARLES F., NEW YORK CITY. George Washington Memorial Associa-
tion.

QUINCY, MRS. EDMUND, NEW YORK CITY.

QUINCY, MISS POLLY. NEW YORK CITY.

ROBERTSON, MRS. VICTOR ARTHUR (MARIA LOUISA COCHRAN), BROOK-
LYN.

ROBBINS, MISS HARRIET L., NEW YORK CITY. George Washington Memorial
Association.

ROBERTS, MRS. W. C. (MARY L.), NEW YORK CITY. President National
Needlework Guild ; President Arts and Crafts Society.

SEAMAN, MAJOR-SURGEON LOUIS LIVINGSTON, U. S. V., M. D., LL. B.,
A. B., F. R. G. S., NEW YORK CITY. American Association for the Advancement of
Science ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

SEYMOUR, ORIGEN S., NEW YORK CITY.

SMITH, MRS. ABRAM D. (HARRIET WILSON), NEWARK. Lecturer: Member
Daughters of the American Revolution, United States Daughters of 1812, New York State
Historical Society.

SMITH, FRANCES MARY, CHAPPAQUA. Author "Colonial Families of America."
SMITH, KARL C, NEW YORK CITY.

[I24]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

STEVENS, PLOWDON, NEW YORK CITY. Author "Stephens-Stevens Gene-
alogy."

STEVENSON, MISS AMELIA, BUFFALO.

STEWART, MRS. JOHN KNOX, AMSTERDAM.

STONE, I. F., NEW YORK CITY.

THACHER, MRS. RALPH W. (LOUISA H.), UTICA.

THAYER, MISS ESTELLE, BURNSIDE. Registrar Blooming Grove Chapter
Daughters of the American Revolution ; First Vice-President Needlework Guild of America ;
Member New York State Historical Society.

THOMAS, DOCTOR ALLEN M., NEW YORK CITY. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

THOMAS, JACK, A. M., NEW YORK CITY. Sons of the Revolution ; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

THOMPSON. REVEREND GEORGE L., BROOKLYN. Sons of the American
Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

TOWLE, WILLIAM MASON, B. S., POTSDAM. Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science and of Royal Society of Arts; Member American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, Society for Promotion Engineering Education, Vermont Historical
Society, National Geographic Society.

TURRELL, EDGAR ABEL, NEW YORK CITY.

TUTTLE, MRS. EDWARD AUSTIN, NEW YORK CITY. Daughters of the Amer-
ican Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association.

VAN WINKLE, EDGAR B., NEW YORK CITY. American Association for the
Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

VASSAR COLLEGE, POUGHKEEPSIE.

WALES, CHARLES M., NEW YORK CITY. New York Historical Society, New
England Historic Genealogical Society, American Association for the Advancement of
Science, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

WALL, W. HERBERT, ROCHESTER. Sons of the American Revolution, Rochester
Historical Society.

WATSON, HONORABLE JOHN JAY, JR., NEW YORK CITY. President Rubber
Goods Manufacturing Company; Officer and Director many corporations; Member New
York Chamber of Commerce, Union League Club, New England Society, Rhode Island
Historical Society.

WHITTEMORE, F. M., NEW YORK CITY.

WHITTEN, MRS. JOEL (A. EMILY), PINE BUSH. Trustee and Secretary of
Board Pine Bush Library Association ; Member Executive Board Orange County Branch
State Charities Aid Association.

WILKIN, MRS. CHARLES HENRY (ANNA MARIE CUNNINGHAM), ROCH-
ESTER. George Washington Memorial Association.

WILLIAMS, MISS ANNA WESSELS, NEW YORK CITY. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

WILLIAMSON, MISS JANE E., NEW YORK CITY.

WOOD, DOCTOR ALFRED TRENCHARD, CENTRAL ISLIP.

WOODIN, MRS. CLEMUEL RICKETS, NEW YORK CITY. Philadelphia Society
of Colonial Dames, Daughters of the American Revolution, Society of Americans of
Armorial Ancestry.

YERDON, MRS. WILLIAM (VINA BARKER), FORT PLAIN. Charter Member
and first Secretary Fort Plain Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

YOUNG, MRS. HORACE GEDNEY (CORNELIA H.), ALBANY.

Carolina

RAY, MRS. JOHN EDWIN (MARY STINGFIELD), ASHEVILLE. Custodian
of Relics North Carolina Society Daughters of the Revolution ; Historian Asheville Chapter
Number 104 United Daughters of the Confederacy.

REINHARDT, MRS. ROBERT S., LINCOLNTON. Past President United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy (Lincolnton).

[125]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

SDafcota

BANGS, TRACY R., GRAND FORKS.

COOLEY, HONORABLE CHARLES MALCOLM, PH. B., GRAND FORKS. Judge
First Judicial District : Member Sons of the American Revolution.
HAMILTON, MISS H. N.. GRAND FORKS.

ARMS, WILFORD P., YOUNGSTOWN.

BARBER, MRS. MARY B., CANTON.

BATTELLE, J. G., COLUMBUS. President Columbus Iron and Steel Company;
Member Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the Revolution, L. ; al Legion, Navy League of
the United States, American Academy of Political and Social Science, Academy of Political
Science, American Civic Association, American Forestry Association, National Association
of Manufacturers, Ohio State Board of Commerce, Columbus Chamber of Commerce,
Columbus Associated Charities.

BEAUCHAMP, LOU J., HAMILTON. Lecturer, author, editor; Honorary Life
President International Lyceum Association.

BLACKMORE, ANDREW HINKENLOOPER, CINCINNATI.

BURKE, M. D., CINCINNATI. Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

CARPENTER, DOCTOR W. B., COLUMBUS. Vice-President and Medical Direc-
tor Columbus Mutual Life Insurance Company ; Clinical Lecturer Ohio State University ;
Member Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims, Sons of the American Revolution, Old
Northwest Genealogical Society, Ohio State Historical and Archaeological Society.

CHATFIELD, A. H., CINCINNATI.

DUNHAM, MISS AMELIA, CINCINNATI. Contributor George Washington Me-
morial Building.

DUNHAM, HARRY HICKENLOOPER, CINCINNATI. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

ENGELHARDT, HARRY E., NORWOOD.

FORAKER, MRS. JOSEPH BENSON, CINCINNATI. Vice-President, Ohio State
Chairman, and Life-Member George Washington Memorial Association.

FORD, MRS. EDWARD (CARRIE J.), TOLEDO.

GIBSON, W. T., YOUNGSTOWN.

GOODMAN, MRS. WILLIAM AUGUSTINE, JR., CINCINNATI. Past Vice-Regent
Cincinnati Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Member George Washington
Memorial Association.

HALE, MRS. W. R. (AMY FULLER), WILMINGTON. Historian George Clinton
Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Trustee and First Vice-President Wil-
mington Public Library; Member Pocahontas Society; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

HAMILTON, JOHN L., COLUMBUS.

HANSEN, MRS. HERMINE Z., AKRON.

HARPER, MRS. GEORGE W., CINCINNATI. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

HEALY, MRS. ELLEN M., GREENWICH. Daughters of the American Revolution.

HUNT, MRS. EDWIN M. (LYDIA S.), CINCINNATI. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

JACKSON, C. R, NORWALK.

JACKSON, E. EVERETT, FINDLAY.

JACOBY, J. WILBUR, MARION.

KENNEDY, THOMAS GRADY, B. A., CINCINNATI. Contributor George Wash
ington Memorial Building.

KING, EDMUND B., SANDUSKY.

LA MONTE, JOHN, COLUMBUS.

LAWS, MISS ANNIE, CINCINNATI. Secretary and Treasurer Cincinnati Chapter
American National Red Cross: Past Regent Cincinnati Chapter Daughters of the American
Revolution ; Life-Member Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio ; Member Cincinnati
Board of Education; Charter Member George Washington Memorial Association.

[126]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

LLOYD, JOHN URI, PH. D., LL. D., CINCINNATI. Founder and President Lloyd
Library; Writer on chemistry and of fiction; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

LYON, CHARLES W., FREDERICKTOWN.

MACK, MRS. JOHN TALMAN (FLORA ALICE DAVENPORT), SANDUSKY.
State Historian Ohio Daughters of the American Revolution; Vice-Regent Peter Navarre
Chapter United States Daughters of 1812; Past President Federation of Women's Organ-
izations, Sandusky.

MARTIN, MRS. EDWIN S. (MARIA E.), NEW STRAITSVILLE. Librarian
New Straitsville Public Library.

McKELVEY, JOHN,* SANDUSKY. Vice-President Toledo Fire and Marine
Insurance Company.

MEYERS, C. H., CINCINNATI. Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

NEW CONNECTICUT CHAPTER, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVO-
LUTION, PAINESVILLE.

NEWELL, MRS. JOHN E., WEST MENTOR.

OGDEN, MRS. GUSSIE DEBENALH, CINCINNATI. Life-Member The Mercan-
tile Library ; Member Civic League ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

PERROTT, R. O., BUCYRUS.

POMEROY, COLONEL ALBERT A., SANDUSKY. Treasurer Ohio Soldiers' and
Sailors' Home Hospital ; Author "Genealogy of the Pomeroy Family."

POMEROY, GEORGE E., TOLEDO.

PRINCE, B. F., SPRINGFIELD. Professor History and Political Science Wittenberg
College.

RANDALL, HONORABLE EMILIUS O., COLUMBUS. Secretary and Editor Ohio
State Archaeological and Historical Society.

RYAN, HONORABLE DANIEL J., COLUMBUS.

SCOTT, MISS DAISY M., COLUMBUS.

SEIBERLING, F. A., AKRON.

SMITH, WILLIAM GRANT, CLEVELAND. Manager American Express Company
(Central Depot) ; Member Sons of the American Revolution, Cleveland Chamber of Com-
merce; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

SNYDER, C. F., DAYTON.

SPARROW, JACKSON WOLCOTT, CINCINNATI. President Ohio Society Sons
of the Revolution ; Trustee Widows' and Old Men's Homes of Cincinnati ; Past Governor
Society of Colonial Wars in State of Ohio; Past First Vice-President National Conference
of Church Ginks; Member Cincinnati Bar Association, Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce,
New England Society, George Washington Memorial Association.

SPOONE*, WALTER WHIPPLE, CLEVELAND. Associate Editor The Journal
of American History ; Editor Historic Families of America.

STANAGE, MRS. W. H., SR. (JANE B.), CINCINNATI.

STODDARD, JOHN W., DAYTON.

THURSTON, AZOR, PH. C, GRAND RAPIDS. State Chemist Ohio Dairy and
Food Division ; Past President Ohio State Pharmaceutical Association ; Member American
Chemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Pharm-
aceutical Association, Society of Chemical Industry (London) ; Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

VIALL, MRS. C. C. (ADA OSBORN), PAINESVILLE.

WORTHINGTON, EDWARD, CINCINNATI.

YOUNG, MORRISON W., TOLEDO.

CARPENTER, ROBERT P., OKLAHOMA CITY.

HUME, MRS. CHARLES ROBINSON (ANNETTE ROSS), ANADARKO. Regent
Anadarko Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution; Director Oklahoma Society of
Colonial Dames of America; President Oklahoma State Federation of Women's Clubs;
Member New England Historic Genealogical Society.

*Died summer of 1915.

[127]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

McCOY, MRS. W. R., TULSA.

LAWSON, MRS. EUGENE B. (ALBERTA), NOWATA.

VON KELLER, FREDERICK P., A. M., M. D., ARDMORE. American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

BENDER, MRS. ELLEN FELLOWS, PORTLAND.

CLARKE, DAVID DEXTER, PORTLAND. Engineer of Water Bureau ; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

FAILING, MISS HENRIETTA E., PORTLAND. Life-Member George Washington
Memorial Association.

SHEVLIN, MRS. E. C, PORTLAND.

ALEXANDER, MRS. ROBERT (MARY C. R.), GERMANTOWN. Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

BELIN, HENRY, JR., SCRANTON.

BOAL, MRS. M. A. B., BOALSBURG.

BREED, REVEREND DAVID R., D. D., LL. D., PITTSBURGH.

BROWN, THOMAS STEPHEN, A. M., PITTSBURGH. President Pennsylvania
Society Sons of the American Revolution; Member American Bar Association, Allegheny
County Bar Association, Western Pennsylvania Historical Society, Pittsburgh Academy of
Science and Art.

BUTCHER, MRS. HENRY C. (ELLEN PAGE), PHILADELPHIA. Pennsylvania
Society Colonial Dames of America, Daughters of the American Revolution, George Wash-
ington Memorial Association.

COCHRAN, MRS. J. H., WILLIAMSPORT.

CONNELL, FRANK, ERIE. Secretary and Treasurer Skinner Engine Company.

CRANFORD, MRS. BYRON HUGH (ADDIE WATTS), CANTON. Historian
Bradford Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

CULVERHOUSE, CHARLES S., BUTLER.

CURTIS, WILLIAM L., BRADFORD.

DARLING, CARLOS PARSONS, B. L., LAWRENCEVILLE. Manager and Owner
Darling Telephone Company; Clerk of Borough of Lawrenceville ; Charter Member Tioga
County Historical Society.

DEMPWOLF, J. A., YORK

DOYLE, MISS MARY HAYDEN, CONSHOCKEN.

EBERT, MRS. HENRY A., YORK.

EGE, MISS SARAH KATE, CARLISLE.

FORNEY, MISS MARY, HANOVER.

GIRVIN, DOCTOR JOHN H., PHILADELPHIA. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

GRAFF, CHARLES F., PHILADELPHIA. Sons of the American Revolution ; Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HALE, MISS JULIA L., PHILIPSBURG.

HALL, REAR ADMIRAL REYNOLD T., UNITED STATES NAVY. Sons of
the American Revolution, Sons of the Revolution, Military Order of Foreign Wars, Naval
Order of the United States ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HAYWARD, REVEREND WILLIAM L., PHILADELPHIA. Assistant Priest St.
Michael's Catholic Church.

HEATH, HONORABLE GUY D., CORRY.

HELLER, WILLIAM JACOB, EASTON. George Washington Memorial Association.

HELM, T. G., LANCASTER.

HINCHMAN, MRS. CHARLES S. (LYDIA S.), PHILADELPHIA. Society of
Mayflower Descendants, Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames of America, Daughters
of the American Revolution, Pennsylvania Society of Descendants of Colonial Governors ;
Author "Early Settlers of Nantucket."

[128]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

HOWARD-SMITH, MRS. R. S., GERMANTOWN. Pennsylvania Society Colonial
Dames of America, Daughters of the American Revolution, United States Daughters of
1812, Mary Washington Memorial Association.

HUNTER, MRS. LILLIAN, TIDIONTE.

HOLMES, MISS MARY S., PHILADELPHIA. American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

HUTCHINSON, MRS. F. M. (SOPHIA C), SEWICKLEY.

JONES, ELMER E., NORRISTOWN. Civil Service Reform League; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

KENNEDY, MRS. WILLIAM DE WITT (AMELIA M. CARTER), SCRANTON.
Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames, Society of Patriots and Founders, Daughters of
the Revolution, United States Daughters of 1812.

MAGRUDER, MISS SUSAN LARKIN, BRYN MAWR.

McCORMICK, HENRY B., HARRISBURG.

McKEAN CHAPTER, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION,
SMETHPORT.

MELLOR, ALFRED, GERMANTOWN. American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

MITCHELL, MRS. SARA PATTERSON SNOWDEN, PHILADELPHIA. Presi-
dent Pennsylvania Society Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America; Chairman
Valley Forge Memorial Committee Pennsylvania Society Colonial Dames of America;
Chairman Independence Square Committee Philadelphia Chapter Daughters of the American
Revolution ; Honorary State President and Regent General Robert Patterson Chapter
United States Daughters of 1812 ; Historian Pennsylvania Society Dames of the Loyal
Legion; Member Pennsylvania Historical Society.

MOTTER, MRS. ROBERT L., YORK.

MOULTON, MRS. BYRON P. (ELIZABETH R.), ARDMORE.

OSGOOD, MRS. M. ANNA, PHILADELPHIA. Daughters of the American Revo-
lution, National Geographic Society.

PEARSON, MISS CAROLINE, HARRISBURG. Charter Member, Past Regent and
Historian, Harrisburg Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution ; Member Mary
Washington Memorial Association ; Life-Member Red Cross ; Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

PIOLLET, MRS. LOUIS (GEORGIA MOWRY), WYSOX.

PLATT, F. E., SCRANTON.

POLLOCK, COMMANDER EDWIN T., UNITED STATES NAVY, PHILADEL-
PHIA. Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the American Revolution, Military Order of
the Carabao.

PORTER, H. K, PITTSBURGH. Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

RICHMOND, WILLIAM HENRY, SCRANTON. President Elk Hill Coal and Iron
Company. Member Sons of the American Revolution ; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

ROSE, WILLIAM J., HARRISBURG.

RUTTER, WILLIAM IVES, JR., PHILADELPHIA. Auditor Federal Reserve Bank
of Philadelphia; Deputy Vice-Commander Order of Washington for Pennsylvania; Mem-
ber Pennsylvania Historical Society, Historical Societies of Berks and Montgomery Counties.

SANES, K. I., M. D., F. A. C. S., PITTSBURGH. American Medical Association,
American College of Surgeons, American Association for the Advancement of Science,
American Federation of Arts, Academy of Science and Art of Pittsburgh, College of
Physicians of Pittsburgh; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

SHAW, SAMUEL, PHILADELPHIA. Treasurer Board of Home Missions and
Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Member of Board and Past Presi-
dent Philadelphia Conference Historical Society.

SMITH, PHILIP H. WADDELL, E. E. PITTSBURGH. Vice-President Standard
Underground Cable Company; Member Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the Revolution,
Baronial Order of Runnymede, New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, His-
torical Society of Western Pennsylvania.

STINSON, MRS. SAMUEL B. (KATE B.), PHILADELPHIA. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY LIBRARY, GETTYSBURG.

[129]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

WILKES-BARRE. Con-

tributor George Washington Memorial Building.
WIERMAN, THOMAS T., HARRISBURG.
WILCOX, W. A., SCRANTON.
WOOD, JARVIS A., PHILADELPHIA.
WYOMING HISTORICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, WILKES-BARRE.

ttfjofer Jglanb

BALLOU, H. MATURIN, A. M., WOONSOCKET.

BUELL, WILLIAM C, SLOCUM.

DEBORAH COOK SAYLES PUBLIC LIBRARY, PAWTUCKET.

DENNIS, ARTHUR W., PROVIDENCE. Sons of the American Revolution; Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Building.

DURFEE, MRS. A. G. (EMILY E.), WICKFORD. Past Regent Gaspee Chapter
Daughters of the American Revolution, Providence; Member Rhode Island Society of
Colonial Dames.

EVANS, MRS. ROBLEY D. (CHARLOTTE T.), NEWPORT. George Washington
Memorial Association.

FITZ, HOWARD W., PAWTUCKET.

FLAGG, MRS. CHARLES OTIS (CELINDA EVELYN ALEXANDER), ABBOT-
RUN.

FOSTER, CHARLES S., CENTRAL FALLS.

FREEMAN, JOSEPH W., CENTRAL FALLS.

HARRIS INSTITUTE LIBRARY, WOONSOCKET.

HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM H., NEWPORT. Sons of the American Revolution,
Sons of Veterans, United Spanish War Veterans, American Pharmaceutical Association;
Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

LANGWORTHY, MRS. A. H., WESTERLY.

LAWTON, MRS. THOMAS (IDA), NEWPORT. Society of Mayflower Descend-
ants, New Hampshire Society Colonial Dames of America, Society Descendants of Colonial
Governors, Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Society of Americans
of Armorial Ancestry, New England Historic Genealogical Society, Patriotic Women of
America.

LONGLEY, MRS. C. E. (HENRIETTA A.), PAWTUCKET. Daughters of the
American Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association.

PAINE, MISS ADAH E., FOSTER.

RATHBUN, MRS. EDWARD HARRIS (ANNA REED WILKINSON), WOON-
SOCKET.

SHERMAN, MRS. A. K., NEWPORT.

SHERMAN, DUFF FRANK, PROVIDENCE.

WILKINSON, MRS. HENRY WASHINGTON, PROVIDENCE. Society of May-
flower Descendants, Colonial Dames of America, Rhode Island Historical Society.

WILLIAMS, MRS. FIELDING L. (ABBY LOUISA), BRISTOL.

feotitf) Carolina

PEMBERTON, MISS FRANCES, GREENWOOD. State Chairman Children of the
Confederacy (South Carolina) ; Member Daughters of the American Revolution.

MILLIGAN, A. F., ABERDEEN.

NORTHERN NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (THE), ABERDEEN.

PETTIGREW, GEORGE ATWOOD, DOCTOR, SIOUX FALLS. President Sioux
Falls Board of Education ; Grand Secretary and Grand Recorder South Dakota Sons of
the American Revolution ; Trustee Sioux Falls College.

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

SMITH, CAPTAIN HARVARD PAYSON, MADISON. Commanded Company Ber-
dan's United States Sharpshooters in Civil War; Member of First State Senate of South
Dakota.

YANKTON COLLEGE LIBRARY, YANKTON.

DOZIER, MRS. NATHANIEL BELL (TENNIE PINKERTON), A. M., FRANK-
LIN. Regent Old Glory Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution; Past President
Tennessee Woman's Historical Association; Past State Historian Tennessee United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy; Member Tennessee Historical Society.

DYAS, MISS ALICIA F., NASHVILLE.

HICKS, MRS. JOHN FRANKLIN, BRISTOL.

LINDSEY, WILLIAM H., NASHVILLE. President Dealers' Fuel Company, and of
Tennessee Mining and Manufacturing Company; Vice-President Napier Iron Works,
Nashville ; Director Tennessee Hermitage National Bank, etc.

MITCHELL, MRS. ROBERT W. (REBECCA P.), MEMPHIS. Society of Colonial
Dames of America, United Daughters of the Confederacy; Contributor George Washing-
ton Memorial Building.

PINKERTON, MISS MARY, L. I., FRANKLIN. Librarian Old Glory Chapter
Daughters of the American Revolution ; Historian Franklin Chapter United Daughters of
the Confederacy; Member Tennessee Historical Society, Tennessee Woman's Historical
Association, Tennessee Teachers' Association.

BUMOND, MRS. JOHN (JULIE A. SWART), AUSTIN. Treasurer Texas Society
Colonial Dames of America ; Member Daughters of the American Revolution.

CARNEGIE LIBRARY, CLEBURNE.

CLINE, MRS. HENRY A. (ELIZABETH WOOTEN), WHARTON. Chairman
Daughters of the American Revolution Committee for Marking Historic Spots ; Past His-
torian Texas United Daughters of the Confederacy ; Member United States Daughters of
1812, Texas Historical Society.

CONNOR, AUGUSTUS CAMILLUS, M. D., LEXINGTON. American Association
for the Advancement of Science, American Medical Association, National Geographic So-
ciety ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

DAVISS, EDWARD PAXTON, M. D., SAN ANGELO. Contributor George Wash-
ington Memorial Building.

HOBART, T. D., PAMPA.

MULLIKEN, HARRY SANDERSON, S. B., EL PASO. Sons of the American
Revolution : Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

NORVELL, MRS. BENJAMIN RUSH (AURELIA PETERS McCUE), BEAU-
MONT. Treasurer Colonel George Moffett Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution.

RICHARD ROY ALL CHAPTER DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLU-
TION, McKINNEY.

ROCHE, MRS. FRANK TEMPLEMORE (JOSEPHINE WINGFIELD), GEORGE-
TOWN. United Daughters of the Confederacy.

ROTAN, MRS. EDWARD, WACO. Daughters of the American Revolution.

SCOTT, MRS. L. A., McKINNEY. Regent Richard Royall Chapter Daughters of
the American Revolution, McKinney.

STEVENS, MRS. C. NEWCOMB, GAINESVILLE. Regent Rebecca Crockett Chap-
ter Daughters of the American Revolution, Gainesville.

WESTBROOK, MRS. T. C, HEARNE. Second Vice-President Texas United Daugh-
ters of the Confederacy.

WENDELKEN, MRS. JOHN M., (SARAH SISSON), DALLAS. State Secretary
Descendants of Colonial Governors ; Past First Vice-President Texas Society of Colonial
Dames ; Past Regent Jane Douglas Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Mem-
ber National Geographic Society.

WOODSON, MRS. JAMES (ANNA BURBANK), TEMPLE. Texas Society of
Colonial Dames of America, Daughters of the American Revolution.

[131]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

ntti

EMERY W L SALT LAKE CITY. American Association for the Advancement
of Science, 'American Electro-Chemical Society, Utah Society of Engineers ; Contributor
George Washington Memorial Building.

GARDNER, J. P., SALT LAKE CITY.

WOODRUFF, DOCTOR E. D., UTAH. Ex-President Sons of the American Revo-
lution; Ex-President Salt Lake Commercial Club.

Petmont

BUTTERFIELD, GENERAL FRANKLIN G., DERBY LINE.

CLARK, MISS SUSAN E., WEST BRATTLEBORO.

EDWARDS, MISS NELLIE LOUISE, NEWPORT.

ESTEE, HONORABLE JAMES B., MONTPELIER. Commissioner to Investigate
Educational System of Vermont; Ex-Mayor Montpelier; Ex-Second Vice-President National
Life Insurance Company; Member Society Descendants of Founders and Patriots of Amer-
ica, Vermont Historical Society, National Geographic Society.

FOSTER, COLONEL HERBERT SIDNEY, UNITED STATES ARMY, RETIRED,
NORTH CALAIS. Representative Vermont General Assembly; Past Commander Military
Order of Foreign Wars (Vermont), of Sons of Veterans (Vermont), and of Military Order
of the Loyal Legion (Vermont) ; Member Sons of the American Revolution, Society of
Santiago de Cuba, Society of the Army of the Philippines.

GRIFFITH, MRS. SILAS L. (KATHERINE T.), DANBY. Daughters of the Amer-
ican Revolution.

HASKELL, COLONEL HORACE STEWART, DERBY LINE. Society of Colonial
Wars, Sons of the American Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

LEE, MISS BERTHA MARY, PH. B., SAINT JOHNSBURY.

ST. JOHNSBURY ATHENAEUM, ST. JOHNSBURY.

Ptt&tnfa

AUNSPAUGH, FREDERICK, NORFOLK.

BARBOUR, JOHN S., FAIRFAX.

BOUTELLE, MRS. J. T. (L. F. M.), HAMPTON. Daughters of the American
Revolution, Association for Preservation of Virginia Antiquities.

BROOKE, COLONEL S. S., ROANOKE. Clerk of Corporation, Law and Chancery,
and Circuit Courts; Member Virginia Historical Society, National Historical Society.

CAMP, MRS. ELIZABETH G., LYNCHBURG.

CAMP, MRS. W. H., PETERSBURG.

COX, MRS. WILLIAM RUFFIN (KATHERINE CABELL), RICHMOND. George
Washington Memorial Association.

DARLING, MRS. FRANK W. (MARY GORTON), HAMPTON.

EMERSON, FREDERICK ELTON, NORFOLK. Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

GOODWYN, MRS. W. SAMUEL (DORA H.), EMPORIA. Regent Joseph Hedges
Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, Emporia; Regent First Virginia Chapter
United States Daughters of 1812, Emporia; Member Virginia Society Colonial Dames of
America, Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America, Order of Americans of Armo-
rial Ancestry, Society Americans of Royal Descent, Daughters of Holland Dames, Colonial
Daughters of the Seventeenth Century, National Genealogical Society, Virginia Historical
Society.

GROOME, MAJOR H. C, WARRENTON. National Guard Pennsylvania Retired;
First Lieutenant and Adjutant United States Volunteers (War with Spain) ; Veteran Com-
panion Military Order of Foreign Wars; Companion Order of Spanish-American War;
Recorder Fauquier (Virginia) Historical Society; Member Navy League, Naval History
Society, Virginia Historical Society.

LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY.

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETV

MOFFITT, MRS. E. E., RICHMOND.

PARRISH, R. L. * COVINGTON.

PECHIN, MRS. MARY SHELLEY, BUCHANAN. Daughters of the American
Revolution.

ROBERTSON, THOMAS B., EASTVILLE.

ROLLER, HONORABLE JOHN E., HARRISONBURG.

SAYRE, MRS. SAMUEL HUNTTING (ANNIE MORRIS), HAMPTON. Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution.

TURMAN, DOCTOR A. E., RICHMOND. Demonstrator Obstetrics Medical Col-
lege of Virginia ; Member American Association for the Advancement of Science, Ameri-
can Medical Association, Southern Medical Association, Richmond Academy of Medicine
and Surgery; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

VALENTINE, MRS. MANN SATTERWHITE, JR. (SALLIE GARY FINCH),
RICHMOND. George Washington Memorial Association, American Archaeological Asso-
ciation, Society for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities.

HEERMANS, HARRY C, OLYMPIA.

MEARS, W. A., SEATTLE. Sons of the American Revolution, Archaeological Insti-
tute of America.

MUNSON, JOHN P., M. S., PH. D., ELLENSBURG. Professor Biology and Soci-
ology Washington State Normal School; Fellow Chicago University; Royal Society (Eng-
land), American Association for the Advancement of Science; Member American Academy
of Political and Social Science, Association of American Anatomists ; Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

PARKER, MRS. DWIGHT LYMAN, MT. VERNON. MEMORIAL TO DWIGHT
LYMAN PARKER.

PILES, HONORABLE S. H., SEATTLE.

PHELPS, MRS. M. A., SPOKANE.

RAYMOND, ALFRED, M. D., C. M., F. A. C. S., SEATTLE. President Seattle
Branch Archaeological Institute of America ; Fellow American Medical Association ; Mem-
ber North Pacific Surgical Association, State Medical Society.

STEARNS, JOSIAH O., HOQUIAM.

COreJt Pivtrfnia

BOREMAN, R. J. A., PARKERSBURG.

HAZLETT, HONORABLE ROBERT, WHEELING. Secretary and Director Dollar
Savings and Trust Company, Wheeling; Ex-State Senator; Ex-Vice-President National
Rivers and Harbors Congress.

LEE, MRS. ARTHUR, ELKINS. George Washington Memorial Association.

McKINNEY, HONORABLE OWEN S., FAIRMONT. Editor Fairmont Times;
Ex-Member State Legislature ; Member Sons of the Revolution.

MEYERS, MRS. J. C. (LAURENE), RONCEVERTE. Daughters of the American
Revolution, United Daughters of the Confederacy.

SCHERR, HARRY, WILLIAMSpN. American Bar Association, West Virginia Bar
Association, American Academy of Political and Social Science, Virginia Historical Society.

COATE, MRS. DAVID ORLAND, A. B., LA CROSSE. Wisconsin Historical Society
COPELAND, FREDERICK ALLEN, LA CROSSE.
DICKINSON, NATHAN, LAKE GENEVA.

FERGUSON, MRS. EDWARD (MARCIA BRYANT BROWN), MILWAUKEE.
Corresponding Secretary United States Daughters of 1812 (Wisconsin) ; Past Regent Mil-

*Died 1915.

[133]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

waukee Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution; Member Wisconsin Society
Colonial Dames of America, Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America.

GALLUP, MRS. BENJAMIN E. (DELIA S.), ROCHESTER. Daughters of the
AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America.

GOODMAN, ROBERT FRANKLIN, MARINETTE. Wisconsin Historical Society.

GRAEBNER W. H., MILWAUKEE. Member Wisconsin State Board of Control.

HARRIS, MRS. N. W. (EMMA GALE), LAKE GENEVA. Daughters of the Amer-
ican Revolution.

HEAD, DANIEL O., KENOSHA.

KIMBERLEY, MRS. EDWIN O. (ADA PRATT MURDOCK), JANESVILLE.
Honorary State Regent Daughters of the American Revolution ; Past Department Senior
Vice-President and National Aide Woman's Relief Corps.

MESSMER, MOST REVEREND SEBASTIAN GEBHARD, D. D., D. C. L., MIL-
WAUKEE. Archbishop of Milwaukee.

RACINE PUBLIC LIBRARY, RACINE.

SCHUETTE, H. GEORGE, MANITOWOC. State Historical Society of Wisconsin,
Wisconsin Archaeological Society.

SHOW ALTER, V. L., LANCASTER. Vice-President Union State Bank.

THOMAS, WINFIELD WENTWORTH, MILWAUKEE. Sons of the American
Revolution, National Geographic Society; Contributor George Washington Memorial
Building.

THURMAN, JOHN C., GREEN BAY. General Auditor Green Bay and Western
Railroad.

WALKER, E. W., DELAVAN. Superintendent Wisconsin School for the Deaf.

WILLIAMS, MRS. ROBERT A., MILWAUKEE. Recording Secretary Benjamin
Tallmadge Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution ; Recording Secretary Daughters
of Founders and Patriots of America ; Member Society of Mayflower Descendants.

QBgomtag

WYOMING STATE LIBRARY, CHEYENNE.
YOUNG, J. F., FORT WASHAKIE.

CCUot Jnbirs

REED, EBEN WILDER FARLEY, PORT ANTONIO, JAMAICA. Sons of the
American Revolution; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

Cana&a

WARNER, CLARENCE M., NAPANEE, ONTARIO.

LEWIS, COLONEL I. N., UNITED STATES ARMY, RETIRED, LONDON.
American Association for the Advancement of Science; Contributor George Washington
Memorial Building.

BOOTH, REVEREND EUGENE S., M. A., YOKOHAMA. Principal of North
Japan Mission of Reformed Church in America.
BOOTH, FRANK STELLE, B. A., TOKIO.
BOOTH, HUGH ST. LEGER, B. A., YOKOHAMA.

DE VOTIE, FRANK D., GUANAJUATO.

JslanbS

WALKER, MRS. BARBOUR (MARY ADELAIDE), BAGINO. Contributor George
Washington Memorial Building.

Potto IBUco

TOLL, MRS. A. C, BAYAMON.

[134]

ICtat 0f Original
0f

ot fiData J&mibcb 'CToo iatc tot Inclusion in ttjc ivosrct
of rfjr jrotuitictg apprartng (ElSrtoljerr in CS«S 9?affa?tnr

Sltijona

COPPER QUEEN LIBRARY, DOUGLAS.

California

DYER, Miss LAURA ELIZABETH, A. B., BERKELEY. Head of History De-
partment San Diego High School ; American Historical Association ; Lecturer.
LIBRARY, COLLEGE OF NOTRE DAME, SAN JOSE.

Connecticut

TALCOTT, Miss MARY KINGSBURY, HARTFORD.

District ot Columbia
MCCASKEY, H. D., WASHINGTON.

jflonba

MEIGS, Miss LOUISE C, JACKSONVILLE.

JUinoi*

ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY, MRS. JESSIE PALMER WEBER, LI-
BRARIAN, SPRINGFIELD.

Sotoa

DAVENPORT PUBLIC LIBRARY, DAVENPORT.
LUTHER COLLEGE LIBRARY, DECORAH.

Urntattg

BLACKBURN, Miss JEANIE DAVIESS, BOWLING GREEN. Kentucky State
Vice-Regent National Society Daughters of the American Revolution.

[135]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

CRANDON, MRS. LUCY H., COLUMBIA FALLS.
PATTERSON, WILLIAM D., WISCASSET.

FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY, NEW BEDFORD.
LEICESTER PUBLIC LIBRARY, LEICESTER.

ANDRUS, CHARLES A., PETOSKEY.

StfMntusota
IRELAND, MOST REVEREND JOHN, ST. PAUL. Archbishop of St. Paul.

BROWN, HAROLD W., DOVER.
EXETER PUBLIC LIBRARY, EXETER.

LADD, WILLIAM WHITEHEAD, SECOND, RUTHERFORD.
VOSSELLER, ELIAS, FLEMINGTON.

j^rto gotfc

BETTS, CHARLES H., LYONS. Editor Lyons Republican.
BUCKLEY, WILLIAM A., ROCHESTER.

FRANCHOT, MRS. NICHOLAS VAN VRANKEN (ANNIE W.), OLEAN.
L'AMOREAUX, HONORABLE J. S., BALLSTON SPA.

LUDINGTON, MAJOR-GENERAL MARSHALL I., UNITED STATES ARMY, RE-
TIRED, SKANEA TELES.

PUBLIC LIBARY AT ST. GEORGE, NEW BRIGHTON.
PUTNAM, FREDERICK W., BINGHAMTON.
SAGE, MRS. RUSSELL, NEW YORK CITY.

THERESA FREE LIBRARY, THERESA.

VAN DEUSEN, Miss FANNIE LOUISE, BROOKLYN.

j5ortl) Carolina

BLACKMER, WALTER STEELE, SALISBURY.

[136]

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

DAWLEY, JAY P., CLEVELAND.

FOSTER, Miss ANNIE, TIFFIN.
GAMBLE, JAMES N., CINCINNATI.
HALFHILL, JAMES N., CINCINNATI.
MORSE, MRS. NATHAN, AKRON.
THOMAS, Miss FLORENCE FARRAR, LONDON.

LEFFLER, WILLIAM HARRISON, M. D., MCKEESPORT. Sons of the Amer-
ican Revolution, George Washington Memorial Association, McKeesport Acad-
emy of Medicine ; Contributor George Washington Memorial Building.

PHILADELPHIA MUSEUMS, THE, PHILADELPHIA.

SEMINARY OF ST. CHARLES BORROMEO LIBRARY, OVERBROOK.

ST. MARY'S COLLEGE, NORTH EAST.

LIBRARY OF BROWN UNIVERSITY, PROVIDENCE.

MEMORIAL AND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF WESTERLY, WESTERLY.

REDWOOD LIBRARY AND ATHENAEUM, NEWPORT.

VtfMl
WACO PUBLIC LIBRARY, WACO.

Vermont

FONDA, MRS. W. BEECHER (ANNIE B. SMITH), ST. ALBANS.

Pfrgtma

COCHRAN, MRS. C. C. (SALLY R.), BIG STONE GAP.

LIBRARIAN, THE, GONZAGA UNIVERSITY, SPOKANE.

carer

BURNSIDE, CAPTAIN EDWIN A., POINT PLEASANT. Vice-President, Na-
tional Board of Steam Navigation, New York; Manager of Transportation
The Campbell's Creek Coal Company; Member Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers.

GRAFTON HALL, FOND DU LAC.
RIESS, MRS. MARIE V., SHEBOYGAN.

[137]

MRS. HENRY F. DIMOCK

MRS. DANIEL MANNING, MRS. JOSEPH B. FORAKER, MRS. HENRY R. MAL-
LORY, MRS. FREDERICK THOMPSON, MISS BESSIE J. KIBBEY, MRS. CHARLES

J. BELL

MRS. CHARLES S. HAMLIN, MRS. CHARLES RICHARDSON, MRS. TEN EYCK

WENDELL

MRS. NELSON HENRY

MRS. FRANK NORTHROP

<Htw&tet ot permanent jfunft

MR. CHARLES J. BELL

flbtoioorp Council

HONORABLE ELIHU ROOT, DOCTOR WILLIAM WELCH, GENERAL HORACE
PORTER, DOCTOR CHARLES D. WALCOTT, HONORABLE WILLIAM HOW-
ARD TAFT, DOCTOR IRA REMSEN, PROFESSOR H. FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
DOCTOR CHARLES W. DABNEY, MR. CHARLES J. BELL, DOCTOR JOHN A.
WYETH, DOCTOR THOMAS NELSON PAGE, HONORABLE HENRY CABOT

LODGE

Anderson, Mrs. Nicholas, Washington, District of Columbia ; Ault, Miss Hildegarde Von
Steinwehr, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Ault, Mrs. L. A., Cincinnati, Ohio ; Balch, Mrs. George R., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio; Bell, Mrs. Charles J., Washington, District of Columbia; Black, Mrs. Elmer
E., New York, N. Y. ; Elaine, Mrs. John Ewing, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Breitung, E. N., Mar-
quette, Michigan; Breitung, Mrs. E. N., Marquette, Michigan; Bringhurst, Miss Mary T.,
Wilmington, Delaware ; Burtis, Mrs. Arthur, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Bushnell, Mrs. Asa S.,
Springfield, Ohio; Butler, Joseph G., Jr., Youngstown, Ohio; Carpenter, Mrs. Miles B.,
New York, N. Y. ; Carter, Mrs. William T., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Choate, Mrs. Joseph
H., New York, N. Y.; Church, Mrs. Benjamin S., New York, N. Y.; demons, Mrs. Albert

[138]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

A., Washington, District of Columbia ; Coxe, MacGrane, New York, N. Y. ; Crane, Mrs.
Clinton, Cincinnati, Ohio; Deere, Mrs. Charles H., Illinois; Dimock, Henry F., New York,
N. Y. ; Dimock, Mrs. Henry F., New York, N. Y. ; Dittmann, Mrs. George W., Cincinnati,
Ohio; Ely, Mrs. Richard S., Washington, District of Columbia; Eustis, Mrs. George, New
York, N. Y. ; Failing, Miss Mary F., Portland, Oregon ; Fleischmann, Mrs. Charles, Cincin-
nati, Ohio ; Foraker, Mrs. Joseph Benson, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Fuller, W. W., New York,
N. Y. ; Gage, Mrs. Simon Henry, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Gardner, Mrs. Edmund Le B., New York,
N. Y. ; Garrett, Mrs. T. Harrison, Baltimore, Maryland ; Godwin, Miss Nora, New York,
N. Y. ; Goff, Miss Isabella Graves, Orange, New Jersey; Graydon, Mrs. Thomas W., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio ; Hanna, H. M., Thomasville, Georgia ; Harriman, Mrs. E. H., New York,
N. Y. ; Henry, Mrs. Nelson Herrick, New York, N. Y. ; Hersey, George Milbank, Melrose,
Massachusetts; Hicks, Mrs. James R., Amelia, Ohio; Hinkle, Mrs. A. Howard, Cincinnati,
Ohio; Hinkle, Mrs. Thornton Mills, Cincinnati, Ohio; Hinton, Miss Mary Hilliard, Raleigh,
North Carolina; Hobart, Mrs. Garret A., Paterson, New Jersey; Holmes, Mrs. Christian R.,
Cincinnati, Ohio ; Houghton, Mrs. C. B., Maine ; Houston, Mrs. T. Edgar, Cincinnati, Ohio ;
Ingalls, Mrs. Melville E., Washington, District of Columbia ; Julian, Mrs. W. A., Cincin-
nati, Ohio ; Kane, Mrs. John Innes, New York, N. Y. ; Kibbey, Miss Bessie J., Washington,
District of Columbia; King, Miss Hetty M., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Kinney, Mrs.
Dwight, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Kuhn, Mrs. Ella M., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Lee, Mrs. Arthur,
Elkins, West Virginia ; Levy, Mrs. Harry M., Cincinnati, Ohio ; Manning, Mrs. Daniel,
Albany, New York. ; Martin, Mrs. George Washington, Cincinnati, Ohio ; McMiillin, Mrs.
Frank R., Lake Forest, Illinois ; Montgomery, Mrs. J. B., Portland, Oregon ; Mooney, Mrs.
Martha, Woodsfield, Ohio; Osborn, Professor H. F., New York, N. Y. ; Pauls, Gustav,
St. Louis, Missouri ; Peebles, Mrs. Joseph Staub, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Perin, Mrs. Frank L.,
Cincinnati, Ohio; Pyne, Mrs. M. T., New York, N. Y. ; Richards, Miss Annie Louise, Boston,
Massachusetts ; Richardson, Mrs. Charles W., Washington, District of Columbia ; Rich-
ardson, Mrs. Frank H., New York, N. Y. ; Seasongood, Mrs. Lewis, Cincinnati, Ohio ;
Scrymser, Mr. James A., New York, N. Y. ; Seely, Mrs. W. W., Cincinnati, Ohio ; Sherlock,
Mrs. John C., Cincinnati, Ohio ; Shinkle, Miss Katharine Davis, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Smith,
Mrs. Samuel W., Cincinnati, Ohio ; Snowdon, Miss Marian, Indianapolis, Indiana ; Steed-
man, Mrs. Dora Harrison, St. Louis, Missouri ; Stetson, Mrs. F. L., New York, N. Y. ;
Stran, Mrs. Thomas Parramore, Baltimore, Maryland ; Taft, Mrs. Samuel H., Cincinnati,
Ohio ; Taylor, Mrs. Helen Hughes, Cincinnati, Ohio ; Thomas, Mrs. Langdon, Augusta,
Georgia ; Thompson, Mrs. Sarah Gibbs, Washington, District of Columbia ; Washington,
W. D'H., New York, N. Y.; Wendell, Mrs. Ten Eyck, Washington, District of Columbia;
White, Doctor I. C., Morgantown, West Virginia; White, Mrs. M. Morris, Cincinnati, Ohio;
Wheeler, Mrs. Charles Yandes, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio ; Wood, Mrs. Charles Boughton, Wash-
ington, District of Columbia; Wood, Miss Eleanor Thornton, Pawtucket, Rhode Island;
Yorktown Historical Society, Yorktown, Virginia.

Alabama

Alabama Society of Colonial Dames of America, Birmingham.

arfjona

Gage, Mrs. E. B., Prescott.

Sheridan, Mrs. Philip, Fort Huachuca.

Tritle, Mrs. Fred A., Prescott.

Barlow, Frances A., Helena.

Gaines, Miss Mary Proctor, Hot Springs.

Kellar, Mrs. J. M., M. D., Hot Springs ; Knox, Mrs. R. M., Pine Bluff

McClure, Mrs. John D., Little Rock ; Morton, Mrs. Helen M., Little Rock.

[139]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

California

Apperson, Miss Annie D., Sunol ; Apperson, Randolph, Sunol.

Clark, Albert, Alameda ; Clark, Austin W., Alameda ; Clark, Miss Jessie, Alameda ;
Clark, Miss Margaret, Alameda ; Qark, Miss Mildred B., Alameda ; Clark, Morris R.,
Alameda.

Dean, Miss Frances A., San Francisco ; Dichman, Mrs. Bessie Grattan, St. Helena.

Grattan, Mrs. Angeline, St. Helena.

Hamlin, Miss Sarah D., San Francisco ; Hamlin School, Academic Department, San
Francisco ; Hamlin School, Intermediate Department, San Francisco ; Hearst, Mrs. Phoebe
A., Pleasanton ; Howell, Fred S., Hopeland ; Hubbard, Colonel A. S., San Francisco.

Jewett, Miss Fidelia, San Francisco ; Jones, Mrs. John P., Santa Monica ; Jones, Mrs.
Roy, Santa Monica; Jordan, Mrs. David J., Stanford University.

Lake, Miss Mary, San Francisco ; Leonard, Mrs. Agnes Lane, Pleasanton.

Merrill, Mrs. John F., Menlo Park; Mills College, Junior Class, 1899, Mills College Post
Office; Mills College, Preparatory Department, Mills College Post Office; Mills College,
Seminary Department, Senior Class, Mills College Post Office; Mills College, Senior Class,
1899, Mills College Post Office ; Mills, Mrs. C. T., Mills College Post Office ; Monro, Arthur
B., Berkeley ; Monro, Elbert E., Berkeley ; Morrison, Mrs. A. F., San Francisco.

Parlor Lecture Club, Fresno ; Payne, Robert Eugene, D. D. S., San Francisco ; Payne,
Mrs. Theodore F., Menlo Park.

Selbie, Mrs. William, Pasadena; Shafter, Miss Bertha; SIoss, Mrs. Louis, San Fran-
cisco ; Spear, Mrs. Joseph S., Jr., San Francisco ; Stanbridge, Charles ; Swift, Mrs. John F.,
San Francisco.

Tscheppe, Mrs. Adolph S., Whittier; Truesdell, Mrs. O. P., San Francisco.

Wheeler, President Benjamin Ide, Berkeley; Whitmore, Miss Hazel, San Jose; Whit-
more, Miss Mary, San Jose ; Wiggans, Mrs. Frank, Los Angeles.

Colorado

Baker, Mrs. James H., Boulder; Brinsley, Miss Ellen T., Colorado Springs.
Carpenter, Mrs. Franklin R., Denver; Collins, Mrs. Edward W., Denver.
Guggenheim, Honorable Simon, Denver; Guggenheim, Mrs. Simon, Denver.
Herman, John J., Denver ; Hobson, Mrs. Henry W., Colorado Springs.
Johnson, Mrs. Malcolm V., Denver.

Palmer, Miss Elsie, Colorado Springs ; Patterson, Mrs. T. M., Denver ; Peavy, Mrs.
A. J., Colorado Springs ; Pierce, Mrs. John, Denver.

Scott, Mrs. George L., Denver; Stoiber, Mrs. Edward G., Silverton.
Thatcher, Mrs. M. D., Pueblo ; Thomas, Mrs. Charles S., Denver.
Watt, Henry C., M. D., Colorado Springs.

Connecticut

Adams, Captain Henry J., Greenwich ; Alexander, Mrs. Lawrence D., New Canaan ;
Ashforth, Mrs. Albert, Greenwich.

Baldwin, Mrs. William H., Washington ; Barnes, Miss Elizabeth M., Hartford ; Barrett,
Miss Helen A., Greenwich ; Barrett, Mrs. John D., Greenwich ; Belden, Mrs. Frederick,
Norwalk ; Boardman, Mrs. Dixon, Ridgefield ; Bunce, Mrs. J. H., Middletown.

Chase, Charles E., Hartford; Chase, Mrs. Charles E., Hartford; Chase, Porter, Hart-
ford; Clowes, Mrs. George H., Waterbury; Coffin, Mrs. Arthur D., Windsor Locks; Coffin,
Mrs. H. R., Windsor Locks ; Coffin, Mrs. O. Vincent, Middletown ; Cowles, Mrs. William
Sheffield, Farmington.

Dexter, Miss Barnetta, Danbury; Dexter, Byron, Danbury.

Elmer, Mrs. William T., Middletown ; English, Mrs. James, New Haven.

Ga Nun, Mrs. Stephen M., Greenwich ; Glover, Mrs. Henry S., Fairfield ; Graham,
Mrs. Charles P., Essex.

Hewes, Mrs. Thomas, Hartford.

Kent, Miss Jennie E., Greenwich.

Liebler, Harold B., Riverside ; Liebler, Theodore A., Riverside ; Liebler, Mrs. Theodore
A., Riverside; Liebler, Theodore A. Jr., Riverside; Liebler, Willard Walther, Riverside.

[140]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Mallory, Clifford Day, Greenwich; Mallory, Mrs. Clifford Day, Greenwich; Mary
Wooster Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Danbury; Maxim, H. P., Hart-
ford; Maxim, Mrs. H. P., Hartford; Meeker, Miss Helen, Danbury; Millicent Porter Chap-
ter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Waterbury; Monday Club, Danbury.

Perry, Mrs. William H., Bridgeport; Platt, Miss Marion Erskine, Darien; Pope, Mrs.
Stamford.

Rawolle, Mrs. Frederick, Greenwich ; Raymond, Mrs. Irving E., Stamford ; Ridington,
Mrs. Joseph A.

Shoemaker, Mrs. Henry F., Riverside; Slocomb, Mrs. A. D., Groton; Smith, Mrs. Mary
A.,* Milford ; Stevens, Mrs. James L., Norwalk.

Thorne, Miss Emma, Greenwich ; Thorne, Mrs. Lavinia, Greenwich ; Travelers' Club,
Danbury ; Trowbridge, Mrs. Rutherford, New Haven ; Tucker, Mrs. Mary Bayliss, Stamford.

Weed, Mrs. Samuel Richards, Norwalk.

SDdatoare

Ash, Mrs. Charles G., Delaware City.

Bringhurst, Frederick, Wilmington ; Bringhurst, Mrs. Edward, Wilmington ; Bringhurst,
Miss Mary T., Wilmington.

Caesar Rodney Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Claymont; Causey,
Mrs. John W., Wilmington ; Churchman, Mrs. Caleb, Claymont ; Colonel Haslett Chapter,
Daughters of the American Revolution, Dover; Crawford, Miss A. L., Wilmington; Craw-
ford, Miss Florence M., Wilmington.

Delaware Federation of Clubs, Wilmington ; Dover Century Club, Dover ; Du Pont, Mrs.
L., Jr., Wilmington.

Elizabeth Cook Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Smyrna.

General Dabney H. Maury Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Wilmington.

Mendinhall, Mrs. W. G., Wilmington.

Tunnell, E. W., Georgetown.

Wilmington Century Club, Wilmington ; Wilson, Miss Elizabeth E., Newark.

District of Columbia

Abert, Mrs. William Stone, Washington ; Addison, Mrs. Arthur D., Washington ;
Allen, Mrs. Frederick L, Washington ; Anderson, Miss Sophie, Washington ; Andrews, Mrs.
George L., Washington ; Audenreid, Mrs. Mary C, Washington ; Austin, Doctor O. P.,
Washington.

Baker, Doctor Frank, Washington ; Bates, Mrs. A. E., Washington ; Bates, Ralph,
Washington; Becker, Conrad, Washington; Bell, Miss Aileen, Washington; Bell, Alexander
G., Washington ; Bell, Mrs. Alexander G., Washington ; Bell, Charles J., Washington ; Bell,
Mrs. Charles J., Washington ; Belrose, Mrs. Louis, Washington ; Bigelcw, Professor Frank
H., Washington ; Boal, Mrs. Mary A. B., Washington ; Boardman, Mrs. W. J., Washington ;
Brown, Mrs. George W., Washington ; Brown, Mrs. H. K. Bush, Washington ; Bugher, Mrs.
Frederick, Washington.

Capehart, Mrs. B. Ashbourne, Washington ; Carroll, Miss Grace E., Washington ; Car-
roll, Mrs. James M., Washington; Carroll, Mitchell B., Washington; Carroll, Mrs. Mitchell
B., Washington ; Chew, Mrs. Robert S., Washington ; Church, Honorable Melville, Wash-
ington ; Cissel, Mrs. George Washington, Washington ; Clover, Mrs. Richardson, Washing-
ton ; Codman, Miss Martha C., Washington ; Cof fey, Mrs. Titian J., Washington ; Cole, Mrs.
Charles C., Washington ; Cole, Mrs. Theodore L., Washington ; Copelin, Miss Elizabeth
Guthrie, Washington; Coville, Frederick V., Washington; Crawford, Mrs. Joseph, Wash-
ington ; Crane, Mrs. Murray, Washington ; Cropper, Mrs. John, Washington ; Cross, Mrs.
Whitman, Washington.

Davis, Mrs. John Thomas, Washington ; De Caindry, William A., Washington ; Dewey,
Admiral George, Washington ; Dewey, Mrs. George, Washington.

Emmons, F. T., Washington; Emmons, Mrs. Samuel F., Washington; Evermann,
Doctor Barton W., Washington.

[141]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Fisher, Mrs. Robert Strettle Jones, Washington ; Foulke, Miss Eleanor, Washington ;
Fowler, Mrs. Amos H. Washington ; Fremont, Mrs. John C, Washington.

Gage, Mrs. H. C, Washington ; Gill, Theodore N., Washington ; Gilliland, George E.,
Washington ; Gilliland, Mrs. George E., Washington ; Goldsborough, Mrs. Edmund Kennedy,
Washington ; Goodloe, Mrs. Green Clay, Washington ; Greely, Mrs. A. W., Washington ;
Green, Mrs. James Williams, Washington.

Halliday, Mrs. Edward W., Washington ; Harlan, Mrs. John Marshall, Washington ;
Harlan, Justice John Marshall, Washington ; Harries, General George H., Washington ;
Henshaw, H. W., Washington ; Hersey, Mayo Dyer, Washington ; Hobspn, Mrs. Joseph,
Washington ; Holmes, J. A., Washington ; Hooke, Mrs. William H., Washington ; Hornsby,
Mrs. Isham, Washington ; Howry, Mrs. Charles B., Washington ; Hughes, Mrs. Charles E.,
Washington ; Hunt, Mrs. Livingston, Washington ; Hunt, Mrs. Minnie J., Washington ;
Hutchins, Mrs. Stilson, Washington.

Janney, B. T., Washington ; Janney, Mrs. B. T., Washington.

Kibbey, Miss Elizabeth C. E., Washington; Kober, Doctor George M., Washington.

Larcombe, John S., Washington : Larcombe, Mrs. John S., Washington ; Lamer, John B.,
Washington ; Larrabee, Mrs. Charles F., Washington ; Lee, Mrs. S. Perry, Washington ;
Ludlow, Mrs. Nicoll, Washington ; Lundgren, Waldemar, Washington.

Maddox, Samuel, Washington; Magruder, Mrs. John H., Washington; Matthews, Mrs.
Stanley, Washington ; Mattingly, Honorable William Francis, Washington ; Munro, Philip,
Washington ; Munro, Mrs. Philip, Washington ; Maynard, Mrs. George Colton, Washington ;
Mendenhall, W. C., Washington ; McCarnmon, Honorable Ormsby, Washington ; McCauley,
Mrs. Edward, Washington ; McGee, W. J., Washington ; McGuire, Mrs. Frederick B.,
Washington ; McKee, Mrs. David R., Washington ; McKim, Mrs. Randolph H., Washington ;
McNeil, Mrs. John Lloyd, Washington ; Merriam, Doctor Clinton Hart, Washington ; Mer-
riam, Mrs. Clinton Hart, Washington ; Moten, Doctor Lucy E., Washington ; Muncaster,
Doctor Steuart B., Washington.

Neil, Miss Harriet, Washington ; Nelson, E. W., Washington ; Newcomb, Mrs. Simon,
Washington ; Noble, Mrs. William Belden, Washington.

Palmer, Doctor T. S., Washington ; Parsons, Mrs. Herbert, Washington ; Patten, Miss
Mary Elizabeth, Washington ; Peckham, Mrs. Rufus W., Washington ; Peelle, Chief Justice
Stanton J., Washington ; Peelle, Mrs. Stanton J., Washington ; Pellew, Mrs. Henry E.,
Washington ; Pinchot, Gif ford, Washington ; Pinchot, Mrs. James, Washington ; Plead-
well, Mrs. Frank L. Washington.

Rayner, Mrs. Isidor, Washington ; Reamey, Mrs. L. L., Washington ; Reyburn, John
E., Washington ; Reyburn, Mrs. John E., Washington ; Richardson, Mrs. Charles W., Wash-
ington ; Richardson, Mrs. Thomas F., Washington.

Sargent, Mrs. Nathan, Washington ; Schenck, Mrs. Adrian V., Washington ; Schenck,
Miss E. R., Washington ; Schneider, Mrs. C. W., Washinjtom ; Sharpe, Mrs. Henry Gran-
ville, Washington; Sherrill, Miss M. J., Washington; Spencerian Business College, Wash-
ington ; Sternberg, Mrs. George M., Washington ; Stevens, Miss Elizabeth, Washington.

Talbot, Mrs. Thomas M., Washington ; Thoron, Benjamin Warder, Washington ; Thoron,
Miss Louise, Washington ; Thoron, Mrs. Ward, Washington ; Tiffany, Mrs. Lyman, Wash-
ington ; Tyler, Mrs. Richard K., Washington.

Upton, Miss Sarah C., Washington.

W'adsworth, Mrs. Herbert, Washington ; Walcott, C. D., Washington ; Ward, Mrs. John
S., Washington ; Weber, Mrs. George W., Washington ; Weldpn, Mrs. Lawrence, Wash-
ington ; Wells, Henry, Washington ; Wells, Mrs. Henry, Washington ; Wendell, Mrs. Ten
Eyck, Washington ; Whiting, Mrs. Guy Fairfax, Washington ; Whittemore, Mrs. W. C.,
Washington ; Willis, Bailey, Washington ; Willis, Mrs. Bailey, Washington ; Wilson, Honor-
able James, Washington ; Woodhull, Miss Ellen M. E., Washington ; Woodward, Robert S.,
Washington ; Woodward, Mrs. Robert S., Washington ; Woodward, Samuel W., Washing-
ton ; Woodward, Mrs. Samuel W., Washington ; Worthington, Mrs. Augustus S.. Wash-
ington.

Yarrow, Mrs. Harry C., Washington ; Young, Mrs. S. B. M., Washington.

florid a

Connor, Mrs. Washington Everett, New Smyrna.
Duke, Mrs. James, Orlando.

[142]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Knowles, Mrs. William H., Pensacola.
Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Leslie, Orlando.

Boyd, Mrs. Isaac S., Atlanta.

Horton, Mrs. Corinne S., Atlanta.

Reefer, Mrs. D. H., Atlanta.

Sage, Mrs. Ira Yale, Wallace.

Woman's Club, Rome.

Xavier Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Rome.

Jtmljo

Cobb, Mrs. Calvin, Boise.

JIUnofc

Adams, Mrs. George E., Chicago; Ash, E., Twells, Chicago.
Blanchard, Professor F. M., Chicago.
Childs, Mrs. G. W., Chicago.

Day, Mrs. Albert M., Lake Forest; Dewitz, Charles E., Chicago; Doud, Mrs. Levi B.,
Chicago.

Farwell, Mrs. Francis C, Lake Forest; Farwell, Mrs. Walter, Chicago.

Henry, Charles Seton, Chicago.

McMullin, Mrs. Frank R., Lake Forest.

Ristine, Mrs. George W., Chicago.

Steele, Mrs. F. M., Chicago.

Underwood, Mrs. William T., Chicago.

Ward, Mrs. Henry Baldwin, Champaign; Watkins, Mrs. George, Chicago.

Jnbiana

Alumni Association of the Terre Haute High School, Terre Houte.

Dreier, Miss Loretta, Fort Wayne.

Eigenmann, Mrs. Carl H., Bloomington.

Fairbanks, Mrs. Charles W., Indianapolis.

Harcourt, Mrs. Alice F., Terre Haute.

Irwin, Miss Helen, Goshen.

Keel, Miss Ella F., Fort Wayne.

Lambert, Mrs. J. Newton, Indianapolis.

Sewell, Mrs. May Wright, Indianapolis.

Jotoa

Adams, Mrs. Mary Newbury, Dubuque.

Ingerson, Mrs. Harvey, Sioux City.

Johnston, Mrs. Mary H. S., Humboldt.

Kibbey, Mrs. John D., Marshalltown ; Kibbey, Mrs. William B.( Marshalltown.

Peck, Mrs. Marie Purdy, Davenport.

tuntucfcg

Breckenbridge, Mrs. E. L. D., Lexington ; Bruce, Mrs. Helm, Louisville.

Castleman, Mrs. Alice B., Louisville; Cowan, Mrs. Andrew, Louisville.

Gamble, Miss Rose, Louisville.

Linderberger, Mrs. J. H., Louisville.

Odell, Mrs. Joseph Theodore, Louisville.

Richardson, Miss Caroline H., Louisville ; Rutledge, Mrs. Arthur M., Louisville.

[H3]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Sherrill, Mrs. Benjamin M., Richmond; Simrall, Mrs. John, Louisville; Speed, Mrs.
John J, Louisville; Stewart, Miss Jessie, Louisville; Strater, Mrs. Charles G., Louisville;
Swyser, Jacob Louis, Louisville.

Vaughn, Mrs. Quentin D., Louisville.

Whiteside, Mrs. H. R., Louisville.

EotUKUuti

Bush, Mrs. Reuben G., New Orleans.
Carre, Mrs. W. W., New Orleans.

Foster, Mrs. James M., Shreveport; Freret, Mrs. F. G., New Orleans.
Matthews, Mrs. George B., New Orleans; Matthews, Mrs. William H., New Orleans;
Miles, Miss Betty Beirne, Burnside; Monroe, Mrs. Frank A., New Orleans.
O'Connor, Mrs. John H., New Orleans.
Smith, Miss Mary M., New Orleans.
Walmsley, Mrs. R. M., New Orleans.

fit^atnc

Anderson, Mrs. William Henry, Togus.

Frye, Mrs. George C, Portland.

Gerrish, Doctor Frederick H., Portland; Gerrish, Mrs. Frederick Henry, Portland.

Libby, Mrs. Charles F., Portland.

McCobb, Miss Mary S., Portland; Methebesic Club, Rockland.

Palmer, Mrs. John E., Portland; Perkins, Mrs. John C., Portland.

Robinson, Miss Martha S., Portland.

Shaw, Mrs. Sarah Smith, Portland.

Woman's Literary Union, Portland.

Agnus, Miss Elise Carroll, Baltimore.

Bond, Miss Christine, Baltimore; Brown, J. Wilcox, Baltimore; Brown, Mrs. William
H., Baltimore.

Coleman, Mrs. B. W., Roland Park.

Duval, Mrs. M. Rebecca, Baltimore.

Ellicott, Mrs. William M., Roland Park.

Hall, Mrs. Eliza W., Baltimore; Holloway, Miss Anna Elizabeth, Baltimore.

Reed, Mrs. William, Baltimore ; Rieman, Mrs. Annie L., Baltimore.

Selden, C., Baltimore; Sioussat, Mrs. Albert, Baltimore; Stadter, Mrs. J. S., Baltimore.

Tyson, Mrs. Frederick, Baltimore.

Weil, Mrs. Albert, Baltimore; Wight, Charles S., Baltimore; Wight, Mrs. Charles S.,
Baltimore.

Achorn, Doctor Kendall Lincoln, Boston ; Agassiz, Mrs. G. R., Boston ; Andrews, Miss
Ellen M., Rqxbury; Anthony, Arthur C., Boston; Anthony, Mrs. Benjamin, New Bedford;
Anthony, Miss Clara R., Brookline; Anthony, Mrs. Edmund, Jr., Fairhaven; Anthony,
Mrs. S. R., Boston ; Apsley, Mrs. L. Dewart, Hudson.

Bancroft, Mrs. Eden D., Hopedale; Blood, Mrs. Frank L., Groton; Bond, Mrs. Charles
H., Boston ; Bond, Master Charles Lawrence, Boston ; Bond, Miss Edith Louise, Boston ;
Bond, Miss Mildred M., Boston; Bond, Miss Priscilla Isabelle, Boston; Bonette, Miss C.
Barbara, Bradford; Borden, Mrs. Jerome C., Fall River; Butler, Mrs. Delia F., Dighton ;
Butterick, Emma T., Lowell.

Carter, Miss Mary Elizabeth, Boston ; Carter, Miss Nellie P., Boston ; Chamberlain, Mrs.
Lucy Parker, Medford ; Chamberlin, Miss Gertrude, Boston ; Chamberlin, Mrs. William
H., Pittsfield; Chapman, Mrs. James L., Brookline; Cheney, Professor Albert B., Boston;

[144]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Cole, Mrs. E. B., Wenham Depot; Cook, Mrs. W. H., Milford; Copeland, Mrs. George W.,
Middleboro ; Crocker, Miss Minerva Gushing, Fitchburg.

Dawes, Miss Anna Laurens, Pittsfield ; Dewey, Miss Maria N., Worcester ; Dole, Miss
Ellen E., Haverhill; Dring, Miss Caroline Augusta, Fall River; Duffiel, John, Boston;
Dwight, Theodore F., Kendall Green ; Dwinnell, Mrs. B. D., Fitchburg.

Emerson, President Charles W., Boston ; Emerson, Mrs. Susie R., Boston.

Ferris, Mrs. Alexander M., Newton.

Goodrich, Miss Mary J., Stockbridge; Graves, Mrs. Samuel, Fitchburg; Gray, Mrs.
Horace, Boston ; Gray, Mrs. Mary E. Jepson, Dorchester.

Hammond, Mrs. John Hays, Gloucester; Hathaway, Mrs. James F., Brighton; Heinzen,
Miss Henrietta, Boston ; Heinzen, Mrs. Henrietta S., Boston ; Heinzen, Miss Rosa H., Bos-
ton ; Heinzen, Mrs. Rosa Prang, Boston ; Hemenway, Mrs. Harriet L., Boston ; Henderson,
Miss Mabel, Cambridge ; Hersey, Mrs. George M., Cambridge ; Hersey, George Milbank,
Cambridge; Hicks, Mrs. John, New Bedford; Hodder, Mrs. Halie Riley, Winthrop; Hodg-
don, Doctor F. A., Maiden; Homans, Mrs. C. D., Boston; Horsford, Miss Cornelia C. F.,
Cambridge ; Howland, Miss Rachel, Fairhaven ; Hunt, Miss Sarah E., Salem.

Jackson, Mrs. Mary Chapin, Newtonville ; Johnson, Mrs. Harriet C., Auburndale.

Kenny, William H., Leominster ; Kidder, Charles W., Boston ; Kimball, M. Elizabeth,
Fitchburg; King, Miss Julia T., Boston.

Lamprell, Miss Sadie F., Boston; Lebowick, L. A., Dorchester; Leonard, Arthur H.,
Middleboro ; Lesser, Mrs. Alice Parker, Boston ; Loud, John J., Weymouth ; Lowe, Mrs.
Arthur H., Fitchburg.

Maclntyre, Miss Blanche L., Boston ; Macomber, Mrs. Frank Gair, Boston ; Marion, Mrs.
Carrie E., Alliston ; Mclntire, Mrs. Charles J., Cambridge ; Mink, Mrs. Oliver W., Boston ;
Morton, Mrs. James M., Fall River; Munn, Mrs. Charles A., Beverly.

Nash, Herbert, Boston.

Oakes, Miss Marcia, Roxbury.

Page, Mrs. Henry T., Fitchburg ; Perry, Miss Anna J., Melrose ; Pierce, Mrs. A. Martin,
New Bedford ; Pierce, Mrs. James E., Middleboro ; Pope, Mrs. Albert A., Boston ; Powers,
Miss Elsie S., Boston ; Prang, Louis, Roxbury ; Pratt, David G., North Middleboro ; Pratt,
Mrs. David G., North Middleboro ; Prince, Mrs. John Tucker, West Newton.

Reed, Mrs. Henrietta, Fairhaven ; Reed, Mrs. J. S., Dorchester ; Rice, Mrs. Mary
Pamela, Boston ; Richardson, A. M., Winthrop ; Richardson, Miss Edith, Winthrop ; Richard-
son, Miss Helena, Winthrop ; Richardson, Miss Leontine, Winthrop ; Risley, Mrs. H. A.,
Stony Brook ; Robbins, Miss Anne M., Boston ; Rodman, Mrs. Alfred, Dedham ; Rogers,
Miss Catherine G., Boston ; Rogers, Miss Catherine L., Boston ; Rogers, Miss Clara Bates,
Boston ; Rogers, Mrs. Henry H., Fairhaven ; Ross, Harry Seymour, Boston ; Ruggles, Mrs.
H. S., Wakefield.

Shaw, E. P., Brookline ; Shaw, Mrs. E. P., Brookline ; Sheldon, Mrs. George, Deerfield ;
Sherman, Mrs. Mary L., West Somerville; Smith, Mrs. A. E., Leicester; Smith, Mrs. C. W.,
Smith, Lillia E., Boston; Smith, Miss Sara W., Nantucket; Southwick, Mrs. Henry L.,
Boston ; Southwick, Professor Henry L., Boston ; Sprague, Mrs. Charles M., Maiden ; Stearns,
Mrs. John G., Brookline ; Swift, Miss Elizabeth, New Bedford.

Thatcher, Mrs. Henry L., Middleboro; Todd, Mrs. David P., Amherst; Tucker, Mrs.
Isaac N., Allston.

Upham, Miss Susan, Boston ; Ussher, Right Reverend Brandeau Bodeau, Dedham.

Vincent, Miss Susan W., Boston ; Vining, Miss Floretta, Boston.

Wadsworth, Mrs. Thomas B., Boston ; Wakefield, Mrs. Mary B., Topsfield ; Wallace,
Rodney, Fitchburg ; Waring, Mrs. G. H., Fall River ; Wead, Mrs. Leslie C., Brookline ; West,
Mrs. Charles D., Boston ; Westinghouse, Mrs. George, Lenox ; Weyman, Mrs. M. L., Fitch-
burg; Wheeler, Mrs. Eleanor P., East Milton; White, Mrs. E. M., Farmingham ; Whitney,
Miss E. P., West Newton; Whitney, Miss M. A., Brookline; Williams, Miss E. M., Newton;
Winship, William H., Maiden.

Alger, Mrs. Russell A., Detroit.

Curtiss, Charles B., Bay City; Curtiss, Charles B., Jr., Bay City; Curtiss, Mrs. Charles
B., Bay City ; Curtiss, Mrs. Jennie McGraw, Bay City.
Dyar, Miss Clara E., Detroit.
Hastings, Miss Elizabeth K., Detroit; Hollister, Mrs. Lillian M., Detroit.

[H5]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Industrial Pleasure Club of East Side, Detroit.
Schryver, Miss Anna A., Ann Arbor.
Turner, Miss Mary E., Detroit.
Whitney, Mrs. Beatrice L.

Auerbach, Mrs. Maurice, St. Paul.

Biddleman, Mrs. John H., St. Paul ; Bishop, Mrs. Judspn W., St. Paul.

Distaff Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, St. Paul.

Grover, Miss Myra, St. Paul.

Hills, Mrs. Henry, Minneapolis.

Kenyon, Mrs. Sophie Greve, St. Paul.

Smith, Reverend Samuel G., D. D., LL. D., St. Paul; Stickney, A. B., St. PauL

Blattner, Mrs. Henry, St. Louis; Burnham, Miss Clara Avery, Kansas City.

Calhoun, Miss Josephine Giles, St. Louis; Carr, Mrs. Payton T., St. Louis.

Emmott McDowell Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Sedalia.

Kehlor, Mrs. J. B. M., St. Louis.

Lucas, Mrs. Joseph D., Kinloch.

Stilwell, Arthur E., Kansas City.

Whittaker, Mrs. James T., St. Louis; Wyeth, Miss Sarah Corson, St. Joseph.

Montana

Bonner, Edward L., Missoula.

Clark, Mrs. Charles W., Butte; Connell, Mrs. M. J., Butte.

Homer Club, Butte.

Largey, Mrs. P. A., Butte.

Noyes, Mrs. John, Butte.

Rosecrans, Miss Anna D., Helena.

Wethey, Mrs. A. H., Butte; White, Mrs. J. M., Butte.

Young, Mrs. John R., Helena.

Anthony, Mrs. May Wadsworth, Central City.

Bryan, Mrs. William, Lincoln.

Conard, Henry Ward.

Dickinson, Edward, Omaha ; Dickinson, Mrs. Edward, Omaha.

Lomax, Edward Lloyd, Omaha ; Lomax, Mrs. Edward Lloyd, Omaha.

Thurston, Honorable J. M., Omaha.

Wessels, Mrs. Francis W.

Bellows, Mrs. Josiah G., Walpole.
Fuller, Mrs. Thomas, Lakeport.
Gargan, Mrs. Henri Lucien, Lakeport.
Morrill, Mrs. Jennie Folsom.
Tinker, Mrs. Catherine Matson, Concord.

Anderson, Mrs. Leroy, Princeton; Ashley, William Bevier, Demarest; Athena Club,
Bayonne; Athenian Club, Rahway.

Bell, Mrs. Henry G., Rutherford; Benziger, Mrs. Louis G., Montclair; Breese, Mrs.

[I46]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Josephine Ormsby, Trenton ; Broad Seal Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution,
Trenton ; Captain Jonathan Oliphant Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution,
Trenton ; Chapin, William B., Englewood.

Colles, Mrs. Julie Keese, Morristown ; Craven, Mrs. Thomas, Salem ; Cunningham,
Joseph L., Paterson ; Cushman, Major Austin S., East Orange.

Dahlgren, Mrs. Charles Bunker, Trenton ; Dayton, Miss Anna L., Trenton ; Dickinson,
Miss Mary, Trenton ; Doane, Mrs. William H., South Orange ; Dunlap, Miss Mary J., M. D.,
Vineland.

Field, Mrs. Albert O., East Orange ; Fisk, Mrs. Henry G., Englewood ; Fiske, Mrs.
Jane M., Jersey City; Fowler, Mrs. Charles N., Elizabeth.

Gaddis, Mrs. Elisha B., Newark; General David Foreman Chapter, Daughters of the
American Revolution, Trenton ; General Frelinghuysen Chapter, Daughters of the American
Revolution, East Millstone; General Lafayette Chapter, Daughters of the American Revo-
lution, Atlantic City.

Hamill, Mrs. Hugh H., Trenton; Hobart, Garrett A., Jr., Paterson; Holmes, Miss
Frances M., West Summit ; Hook, Mrs. Cornelius, Trenton ; Hopkins, Mrs. Franklin W.,
Alpine; Humphreys, Doctor Frederick, Morristown; Humphreys, Mrs. Frederick, Morris-
town ; Huntingdon, Mrs. J. Henry, Newark.

Lane, Mrs. F. A., West Englewood.

McCarter, Thomas N., Rumson ; McCurdy, Richard A., Morris Plains ; McCurdy, Mrs.
Richard A., Morris Plains ; Monday Afternoon Club, Passaic ; Monmouth Chapter, Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution, Red Bank.

Naething, Mrs. Charles Frederick, Lakewood ; National Society New England Women,
Rutherford; Newark Working Girls' Club, Newark; Nott, Mrs. Charles C, Princeton.

Oliphant, Mrs. S. Duncan, Trenton ; Orange Chapter, Daughters of the Revolution,
Orange.

Perrine, Mrs. Lewis, Trenton ; Post, Mrs. A. J., Englewood, Princeton.

Rose, Mrs. Wilbur Fisk, Camden ; Ryan, Miss Mary Cecilia, Elizabeth.

Salem High School, Salem ; Sinnickson, Mrs. Andrew, Salem ; Smith, Miss Dora, Ho-
boken; Stanton, Walter, Hillsdale; Stanton, Mrs. Walter, Hillsdale; Steele, Mrs. Robert
William, South Orange.

Taylor, Mrs. Henry B., Newark; Thompson, Mrs. Joseph, Atlantic City; Thorne, Miss
Dorothy, Rutherford ; Thorne, Mrs. Louise, Rutherford ; Trimble, Mrs. Lucy Weekes, Mont-
clair: Truesdell, Mrs. W. N., Newark.

Walker, Mrs. George W., East Orange ; Wednesday Morning Club, Cranford ; Wilson,
Mrs. S. Kirkbride, Trenton ; Woodstown High School, Woodstown ; Wygant, Mrs. Henry,
Cranford.

Yardley, Mrs. Charles B., East Orange.

Clare Guilford Academy, Santa Fe.
Prince, Mrs. L. Bradford, Santa Fe.

Abbe, Mrs. Robert, New York ; Agnew, George Bliss, New York ; Albright, W. B., New
York; Albright, Mrs. W. B., New York; Alexander, Mrs. Charles B., New York; Alex-
ander, Mrs. Eliza N., New Brighton; Allaben, Frank, New York; Allen, Mrs. Townsend,
Fort Washington; Andrews, Mrs. Charles, Syracuse; Armstrong, Judge James, New York;
Atkinson, Mrs. George F., Ithaca.

Backus, Mrs. Samuel D., Canandaigua ; Banks, Mrs. Florence W., Barker, Miss Frank
E., New York; Barrett, Mrs. John D., New York; Barren, Mrs. George, Rye; Barthold,
Rudolfo G., New York; Beckwith, Mrs. Samuel Corner, Brooklyn; Bennett, Mrs. J. A.
Nyack; Bergh, Miss Lillie De Angelo, New York; Bernheimer, Mrs. Jerome, New York;
Bertron, Samuel R., New York; Bertron, Mrs. Samuel R., New York; Birdsall, Mrs.
Earnest, Brooklyn; Black, Mrs. John Austin, New York; Black, Mrs. Robert C., Pelham
Manor; Blood, Mrs. Samuel Shipley, New York; Boas, Mrs. Emil L., New York; Boorman,
Mrs. T. H., New York; Bradley, Mrs. Alexander J., New Rochelle; Brady, George W.,

[147]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

New York; Breitung, E. N., New York: Breitung, Mrs. E. N., New York; Brice, Captain
Walter Kirkpatrick, New York; Brice, Miss Helen O., New York; Brown, Mrs. Hebbard K.,
New York; Brown, Mrs. Samuel Queen, New York; Bruce, Mrs. Dwight H., Syracuse;
Bruce, Miss Mary Langley, Burden, Miss Evelyn B., New York ; Burden, Mrs. I. Townsend,
New York; Burdick, Mrs. D. Waite, Ithaca; Burt, Mrs. George A., New York; Butler,
Miss Francetta.

Campbell, Mrs. Robert J., New York; Carleton, Mrs. Edmund, New York; Carroll,
Mrs. Howard, New York; Casey, Mrs. Joseph J., New York; Choate, Mrs. James D.
(Sarah J. Hassett), Clagget-Shotwell, Mrs. Romonia A., New York; Clark, Edward, Jr.,
New York; Cleveland, Mrs. Clement, New York; Clews, Mrs. Henry, New York; Colbron,
Mrs. William Townsend, New York; Collamore, Miss Betty, New York; Comstock, Mrs.
John Henry, Ithaca; Copp, Mrs. William A., New York; Courtney, Mrs. William J., New
York; Cowing, Mrs. William K., Buffalo; Craigie, Mrs. Charles O'H., Baldwin; Cravath,
Mrs. Paul D., Locust Valley.

Dana, Mrs. Arnold G., Brooklyn; Daughters of the Revolution General Society, New
York; Day, Mrs. Henry Mills, New York; Demorest, Mrs. William Curtis, New York;
Dey, Miss Mary Laidlie, New York ; Dick, Mrs. J. Henry, New York ; Dickerman, Mrs.
Watson B., Mamaroneck ; Dickenson, Mrs. Sarah Spicer, Brooklyn ; Diehl, George H.,
New York ; Dike, Mrs. Camden Crosby, Brooklyn ; Dillon, Judge John F., New York ;
Dingee, Miss Nellie, Brooklyn; Dominick, Mrs. George F., New York; Donahue, Mrs.
John Vincent, New York; Doty, Miss Ada Louise, Yonkers; Dougherty, Mrs. Andrew,
New York; Douglas, Miss Martha Treat, New York; Downing, Mrs. Hamilton F., New
York; Drumm, Miss Le Baron, New York; Du Puy, Mrs. Raymond, New York; Duryea,
Mrs. Samuel Browne, Brooklyn; Dwight, Mrs. M. E., New York.

Earle, Mrs. Eugene Mortimer, New York ; Earle, Mrs. Ferdinand P., New York ;
Egan, Miss Emma A., New York; Ely, Mrs. William S., Rochester.

Fairbanks, Mrs. Leland, New York ; Farwell, Miss Julia Hutchins, Tarrytown ; Fleish-
man, Mrs. Henry, New York; Foster, Mrs. Edward W., New York; Frank, Mrs. Henry,
New York ; Friedlander, Mrs. Rebecca, New York ; Fryer, George G., Syracuse.

Gage, Henry Phelps, Ithaca; Gardner, John Milton, Brooklyn; Gibbs, Mrs. John Wilson,
New York ; Gibson, William J., New York ; Gibson, Mrs. William J., New York ; Coin, Mrs.
James D., New York ; Gould, Doctor George M., Ithaca ; Graef , Edward L., Brooklyn ;
Graef, Mrs. Edward L., Brooklyn ; Graef, Miss Grace Harriet, Brooklyn ; Graef, Miss Nellie
Trinette, Brooklyn ; Gray, Mrs. Olin D., New York ; Green, Mrs. Ashbel, Mount Kisco ;
Grossman, Arpad Sandor, New York; Guernsey, Miss Florence, New York; Gulden,
Mrs. Charles, New York.

Hamlin, Mrs. Teunis S., New York ; Harmon, Mrs. Edward V., New York ; Hartt, Miss
Mattie, Northport ; Hastings, Mrs. G. S., New York ; Helmuth, Mrs. William Todd, New
York; Henry, General Nelson Herrick, New York; Henry, Mrs. Nelson Herrick, New York;
Hess, Mrs. Jacob, New York ; Hilton, Miss Ida L., Nyack ; Hiscock, Mrs. Frank, Syracuse ;
Hitchcock, Mrs. Thomas, New York; Hoadley, Mrs. George, New York; Holden, Mrs.
Hendrick S., Syracuse ; Hollister, Mrs. Douglas, New York ; Hopkins, Mrs. Dunlap, New
York ; Howland, Miss Isabel, Sherwood ; Humphreys, Frederick E., New York ; Hum-
phreys, Miss Jayta, New York; Humphreys, Mrs. Wolcott, Jr., Warsaw; Huppach, Mrs.
Winfield A., Sandy Hill ; Hutton, Mrs. Edward, New York.

Ide, Mrs. Charles W., Brooklyn ; Ingraham, Mrs. Daniel Phoenix, New York.

Jennings, Mrs. Walter, New York ; Judge, Mrs. John H., New York ; Judson, Mrs.
Walter.

Kanatenah Club, Syracuse; Kane, Mrs. John Innes, New York; Kellogg, Mrs. Jane B.,
Auburn; Kling, Mrs. Charles Porter, New York; Knower, Mrs. Benjamin, New York;
Kress, Mrs. Claude W., New York.

Land, Mrs. Caroline L., New York; Lane, Miss Charlotte T., New York; Landstreet,
Fairfax S., New York; Landstreet, Mrs. Fairfax S., New York; Lanier, Sidney, New York;
Lawton, Mrs. George P., New York ; Lawton, Mrs. James M., New York ; Leavenworth,
Mrs. Henry C, Syracuse ; Le Due, Mrs. Janvier, New York ; Leeds, Mrs. Warner, New
York ; Leslie, Mrs. Donald T., Buffalo ; Lindsley, Mrs. Van Sinderen, Garden City ; Lindsley,
Mrs. John H., Saratoga ; Livingston, Mrs. S. Otis, New York ; Luchetti, Madame S., New
York.

Mallory, Mrs. Charles, Port Chester; Mallory, Philip Rogers, Rye; Mallory, Mrs.
Philip Rogers, Rye; Manning, Mrs. Daniel, Albany; Marston,«Mrs. Edgar L., New York;

[I48]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Martin, Mrs. T. Dwight, New York; Martin, Mrs. W. R. H., New York; Mason, Miss
Cassity E., Tarrytown-on-Hudson ; Mason, William, Brooklyn ; Mason, Mrs. William,
Brooklyn; McCartney, Mrs. Katherine Searle, New York; McConnell, Mrs. Noble, "New
York; McCoon, Mrs. Adelia, New York; McDonald, Mrs. John W., New York; McGuire,
Mrs. George W., New York ; McKie, George N., Cambridge ; McLanahan, Mrs. George Wil-
liam, Catskill; McLean, Mrs. Donald, New York; McLean, Mrs. Eugene E. McMillin,
Emers'on, New York; McMillin, Mrs. Emerson, New York; McPherson, Mrs. E. Day,
Merrill, Mrs. Ralph U. S., Brooklyn ; Miles, Mrs. A. Graham, New York ; Monroe, Colonel
Robert G., New York; Moore, Mrs. Charles A., Brooklyn; Morris, Mrs. L. R., New York;
Mostert, Mrs. Edward J., New York; Motley, Thornton Nevins, New York; Mulliner, Mrs.
Walter Girdwood, New York ; Munson, Mrs. F., Brooklyn ; Munson, Mrs. Walter D.,
Brooklyn.

Nesmith, Mrs. Benjamin I., Brooklyn ; New York State Society of Colonial Dames, New
York; Northrop, Frank, New York; Northrop, Mrs. Frank, New York; Noyes, Miss
Dorothy, Brooklyn ; Noyes, Miss Mary, Brooklyn.

O'Brien, Miss Anna, Watertown; Olean Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Olean ; Osborn, Mrs. H. Fairfield, New York ; Osborn, Professor H. Fairf ield, New
York ; Osborne, Miss Josephine F., Auburn ; Oppenheim, Mrs. Ansel, New York.

Page, Francis H., Brooklyn; Palmer, Mrs. Francis Sterne, Plattsburg; Parks, Mrs.
William C, Brooklyn; Parmly, Mrs. Jahial, New York; Parsons, Mrs. Edwin, Northport;
Parsons, Mrs. Herbert, New York; Parsons, Mrs. John E., New York; Parsons, William H.,
New York ; Patten, Mrs. William, New York ; Peck, Mrs. Charles E., New York ; Pell-Clarke,
Mrs. Leslie, Schenectady; Penfield, Miss Georgia May, New York; Penfield, Mrs. Raymond
C.F New York; Perkins, Mrs. James B., Rochester; Phillips, Miss Mary A., New York;
Phipps, Mrs. Henry, New York ; Pierce, Mrs. Robert T., New York ; Pinkus, Mrs. Fred-
erick S., New York ; Platt, Isaac Stephen, New York ; Platt, Mrs. Isaac Stephen, New
York; Platt, Miss Jane Wallace, Poillon, Mrs. J. E., New York; Post Parliament Club,
Brooklyn; Potter, Mrs. A. Charles, Southampton; Potter, Mrs. Orlando B., New York;
Powell, Mrs. Henry A., Brooklyn; Powers, Mrs. Walter H., Rye; Pumpelly, Josiah Collins,
New York ; Punderford, Mrs. James A., Pupin, Professor Michael I., New York ; Putnam,
Mrs. John Bishop, Rye; Putnam, Mrs. William A., Brooklyn.

Quennell, Miss Elizabeth, New York.

Randolph, George F., New York; Randolph, Mrs. Thompson E. F., West Nyack;
Rathbone, Mrs. Estes G., Wellsville; Reid, Mrs. Ogden Mills, New York; Reid, Mrs.
Whitelaw, New York; Remick, Mrs. Charles E., Oneida; Riggs, Mrs. George D., New
York; Ritter, Mrs. John Francis, New York; Robison, Mrs. William, Massapequa; Root,
Mrs. Arthur L., New York; Rutter, Mrs. Thomas, New York.

Sackett, Miss Gertrude Tredwell, Rye; Sackett, Miss Helen L., Rye; Sage, Mrs. Dean,
Albany ; Sargent, Miss Eliza A. ; Savage, Mrs. Richard Henry, New York ; Schelling
Ernest, New York; Schelling, Mrs. Ernest, New York; Schmid, Mrs. Josephine, Tany-
town ; Schneider, Mrs. J. Frederick, Schurman, Mrs. Jacob Gould, Ithaca ; Schwartz, Adolph
Anton Charles, New York ; Schwarzenbach, Robert J. F., New York ; Scott, Mrs. Charles
R., New York ; Scott, Mrs. Francis M., New York ; Scrymser, Captain James A., New York ;
Sears, Mrs. Francis Gordon, Binghamton ; Seeley, Mrs. Frank B., Kingston ; Sen-Nightly
& Aftermath Club, Ithaca; Shepard, Miss Dorothy B., New York; Sherman, Mrs. Herbert
A., New York; Sherman, Mrs. James, Utica ; Shrady, Mrs. George F., New York; Sibley,
Mrs. Hiram W., Rochester ; Silver, Albert de, Brooklyn ; Slade, Mrs. William Gerry, New
York ; Smalley, Mrs. Elizabeth A., Corinth ; Smith, Mrs. C. Bainbridge, New York ; Smith,
Mrs. Clarence Ednor, New York ; Smith, Colonel George W., New York ; Smith, Mrs. George
A., New York; Smith, Miss Mary Augusta, Brooklyn; Smith, Mrs. Percival C., New York;
Snow, Mrs. Henry Sanger, Brooklyn; Sprague, Mrs. Charles Ezra (Ray E.), New York;
Stebbins, Mrs. John Cazenovia; Stewart, Mrs. N. Coe (Gabrielle Townsend), New York;
Stickney, Mrs. Charles D., New York; Street, William A., New York; Studwell, Mrs.
George E., New York ; Swan, Mrs. Alden S., Brooklyn ; Sylvester, J. W., Albany.

Tanner, Mrs. John M., Ithaca ; Tarbell, Miss Ida, New York ; Terrell, Mrs. Herbert L.,
New York; Terry, Mrs. Charles H., Brooklyn; Thayer, Mrs. John Van Buren, Brooklyn;
Thompson, Mrs. J. T., New York; Thompson, Mrs. Willard Tisdell, Brooklyn; Thurber,
F. B., New York; Tilton, Doctor, Benjamin T., New York; Tilton, Mrs. Benjamin T.,
New York ; Toomey, Mrs. William Jerome, New York ; Treat, Mrs. Charles F., Forest Hills
Gardens ; Tucker, Mrs. Mary Bayliss, New York.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Vanderpoel, Miss Mary Van Buren, New York; Vaughn, Richard Harrison, New York;
Vogel, Herman, New York; Vogel, Mrs. Herman, New York; Vogel, James Parker, New
York ; Vogel, Miss May Frances, New York ; Vynne, Mrs. Emma Mann, New York.

Washington Heights Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, New York;
Washington, William de Hertburn, New York; Watson, Mrs. Thomas H., New York;
Wayside (The), Ithaca; Weatherbee, Mrs. Edwin H., New York; Weld, Mrs. Francis M.,
New York; Wednesday Club, Morrisville ; Wentworth, Mrs. George Edmund, New York;
Westcott, Mrs. Clarence L., New York; Whaley, Mrs. Edwin D., New York; Wheeler, Miss
Lilla C., Portville ; White, Mrs. Stephen Van Culen, Brooklyn ; Williams, Miss Mary H.,
Ithaca; Wilson, Mrs. William, Jr., Mount Vernon; Witherell, Mrs. Nathaniel, New York;
Wright, Mrs. J. Hood, New York; Wright, Mrs. Parry L., New York.

j5ortt) Carolina

Chamberlain, Mrs. Joseph R., Raleigh.
Hinton, Miss Mary Hilliard, Raleigh.
Tucker, Mrs. R. W., Raleigh.

Andrews, Loring, Cincinnati.

Bailey, Mrs. John W., Cincinnati ; Baker, Mrs. Charles W., Cincinnati ; Bapst, Mrs.
Bertha S., Crestline; Battelle, John Gordon, Piqua; Battelle, Mrs. John Gordon, Piqua;
Battelle, Miss Sarah Frances, Piqua; Baxter, Mrs. Samuel A., Lima; Beach, Mrs. Lucy E.,
London; Bell, Mrs. Charles Walter, Cincinnati; Black, Mrs. Samuel Laccock, Columbus;
Bogart, Mrs. Elias A., Lima ; Bole, Mrs. Joseph Kirkpatrick, Cleveland ; Bowler, Mrs. Robert
B., Cincinnati; Brandon, Mrs. Frank A., Lebanon; Brice, Herbert L., Lima; Brice, John
Francis, Lima; Brice, Mrs. Jonathan K., Lima; Brice, Miss Margaret, Lima; Bromhall,
Mrs. A. F., Tray ; Brotherton, Mrs. John F., Lima ; Brown, Mrs. Hugh W., Cincinnati ;
Buchwalter, Mrs. Edward L., Springfield; Burke, Colonel Clarence E., Cleveland; Burton,
Senator Theodore E., Cleveland.

Catherine Green Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Xenia; Chew, Mrs.
Anna McBurney, Xenia; Conger, Mrs. A. L., Akron; Cook, Mrs. Beth Little, Steubenville;
Cooke, Mrs. Harry L., Bridgeport; Coryell, Mrs. Lucy McBusing, Lebanon; Crowell, Mrs.
J. S., Springfield; Cullen, Mrs. James Kenmore, Hamilton.

Dabney, President Charles W., Cincinnati ; Dandridge, Miss Lena, Cincinnati ; Daniels,
Mrs. John W., Piqua ; De Golyer, Mrs. George H., Cincinnati ; Doron, Mrs. J. W., Hamilton ;
Dow, Miss M. Cora, Cincinnati; Draper, Mrs. Edgar F., Portsmouth.

Eavey, Mrs. Hebry H., Xenia; Elliott, Mrs. Andrew A., Steubenville; Evans, Mrs.
Richard, Hillsboro.

Ferris, Mrs. Howard, Cincinnati; Filton, Mrs. Samuel D., Hamilton; Fisher, Colonel
Charles R., Wilmington; Forney, Mrs. Elizabeth Beatty, Steubenville; Frame, Doctor Adol-
phus Benjamin, Piqua; Frick, Jacob, Wooster; Frick, Mrs. Jacob, Wooster: Friday Club,
Hillsboro.

Gallagher, Mrs. Rolla M., Lebanon; Gath, Mrs. Charles W., Hamilton; Gilchrist, Mrs.
Katherine Probasco, Lebanon; Gill-Kirk, Mrs. Nancy, Steubenville; Good, Mrs. Arthur
Taylor, Hamilton; Goodman, Mrs. S. M., Hamilton; Greve, Mrs. T. L. A., Cincinnati;
Groesbeck, Mrs. Telford, Cincinnati; Guilbert, Mrs. Walter Downey, Columbus.

Harrison, Miss Mary Torrence, Cincinnati ; Harrison, Mrs. W. H., Cincinnati ; Heath,
Mrs. Fletcher S., Hamilton; Heinlein, Mrs. Charles, Bridgeport; Hicks, Mrs. James Edwin,
Piqua; Hill History Club, Lebanon; Hilliard, Miss Laura, Cleveland; Hirsch, Miss Stella,
Cincinnati ; Holden, Mrs. Albert F., Cleveland ; Holdridge, Mrs. H. A., Lima ; Hooven, Mrs.
J. Clinton, Hamilton; Hough, Mrs. Charles A., Lebanon; Hulbert, Mrs. W. P., Cincinnati.

Irwin, Mrs. Lewis, Cincinnati.

Jones, Mrs. Elijah P., Findlay.

Kellerman, Mrs. W. A., Columbus; Kelly, Mrs. Caroline Medill, Steubenville; Kendall,
Mrs. Flora Rice Thrift, Toledo ; Kennedy, Miss Joan Miner, Hamilton ; Keyes, John B.,
Cincinnati; Kilgour, Mrs. John, Cincinnati; King, Miss Emma C, Xenia; King, Rufus, Jr.,

[150]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Cincinnati; King, Mrs. Rufus, Cincinnati; Kingsley, Adjutant-General Herbert L., Columbus;
Knox, Colonel Harry D., Marietta ; Koehler, R. A., Cincinnati ; Kohlsaat, Mrs. John E. C,
Cincinnati.

Ladies' Centennial Book Club, Ottawa ; Laidlaw, Mrs. Robert, Cincinnati ; Law, Charles
H., Cincinnati ; Lee, Mrs. Mary E., Westerville ; Leiter, Mrs. S. Brainard, Mansfield ;
Lewis Corps 29, Woman's Relief Corps, Xenia ; Lincoln, Miss Charlotte E., Cincinnati ;
Lincoln, Mrs. George B., London ; Lincoln, Mrs. J. Ledyard, Cincinnati ; Lowes, Surgeon
General Joseph E., M. D., Dayton; Lowes, Mrs. Joseph E., Dayton.

Macbeth, Mrs. Charles Edgar, Hamilton; Matlack, Mrs. Harry C., Cincinnati; Maxwell,
Mrs. Lawrence, Jr., Cincinnati ; Mayo, Mrs. William B., Hamilton ; McCullough, Miss Daisy,
Oxford; McCullough, Mrs. Mary Beatty, Steubenville ; McDougal, Mrs. Thomas, Cincinnati;
McKinney, Mrs. Robert C., Hamilton ; Michael, Mrs. William, Franklin ; Miller, Miss Grace
Maitland, Cincinnati ; Miller, Mrs. J. D., Franklin ; Milliken, Mrs. Dan, Hamilton ; Mitchell,
Mrs. Jethro, Cincinnati; Motter, Mrs. Isaac S., Lima; Murat, Princess Michel, Cincinnati;
Murphy, Mrs. John A., Cincinnati.

Neal, Mrs. James Erskine, Neave, Miss Kate, Cincinnati ; New Century Club, Columbus ;
Newton, Miss Clara Chipman, Cincinnati.

Oglesby, Mrs. Charles B., Middletown ; Olney, Charles Fayette, Cleveland ; Orton,
Mrs. Edward, Jr., Columbus ; Oxford College for Women, Oxford.

Parsons, Mrs. George M., Columbus; Peaslee, John Bradley, Cincinnati; Platter, Mrs.
Nannie, Wooster ; Prettyman, Mrs. Henry H., London ; Pugh, Miss Cynthia, Ottawa.

Rambler's Club, Middletown; Ranney, Henry C., Cleveland; Rhodes, Mrs. Robert R.,
Lakewood ; Rice, Mrs. Americus V., Richards, Mrs. Joseph H., Hillsboro ; Richey, Miss
Jennie L., Oxford ; Richey, Mrs. S. C., Oxford ; Rifenberick, Mrs. Richard P., Cincinnati ;
Ritchie, Mrs. Walter B., Lima ; Rose, Mrs. W. G., Cleveland ; Ross, Miss Helena, Hamilton ;
Ruder, Mrs. Ernest, Hamilton ; Ryall, Mrs. George Wooster.

Sarah L. Richard's Altruistic Association, Hillsboro ; Sawyer, Miss Mary Alma, Oxford ;
Self ridge, Mrs. O. B., Lima; Senior, Mrs. Edward, Cincinnati; Sheldon, Mrs. Annie Jud-
kins, Cincinnati ; Silverthorne, William H., Cleveland ; Sneath, Mrs. S. B., Tiffin ; Sorg,
Miss Ada Gruver, Middletown ; Sorg, Paul Arthur, Middletown ; Sorg, Mrs. Paul Arthur,
Middletown ; Springfield Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Springfield ;
Squires, Mrs. Andrew, Cleveland ; Stanage, Mrs. Harry, Jr., Cincinnati ; Stanage, Mrs.
William Henry Harrison, Cincinnati ; Stewart, Mrs. Gilbert Holland, Columbus ; Stewart,
Mrs. J. O., Cedarville.

Taine Club, Bryan; Thompson, Mrs. Joseph C., Lima; Thompson, Mrs. William O.,
Columbus; Thrift, Mrs. Angerona Rice, Lima; Thrift, Miss Julia Mabel Rice, Lima; Thrift,
Robert Wilson, Lima; Thrift, Mrs. R. W., Jr., Lima; Thurston, Mrs. Johnson, Toledo;
Tibbals, Mrs. Semour, Franklin ; Tobey, Mrs. Walter L., Hamilton ; Tullidge, Mrs. Frank,
Cincinnati.

Vicary, Mrs. George S., Lima.

Wah-Wil-A-Way Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Hillsboro ; Weis,
Mrs. Joseph B., Franklin ; Welch, Mrs. James B., Oxford ; Western College Seminary,
Oxford ; White, Miss Helen, Cincinnati ; White, Miss Susan, Cincinnati ; Whittaker, Mrs.
James T., Cincinnati ; Williams, Mrs. L. V., Ripley ; Wing, Colonel Charles B., Cincinnati ;
Wing, Mrs. Charles B., Cincinnati ; Woman's Literary Club, Lebanon ; Wright, Mrs. Lot,
Lebanon.

Oregon

Cabell, Mrs. Henry Coalter, Portland; Clarke, Francis P., Portland.

Adams, Mrs. Henry H., Bethlehem ; Afternoon Club, Chambersburg ; Alricks, Mrs.
Levi B., Harrisburg.

Bates, Ernest, Philadelphia ; Beaston, Miss Annie, Philadelphia ; Bellefonte Academy,
Bellefonte; Billman, Miss Sarah Elizabeth, Philadelphia; Blankenburg, Mrs. Rudolph, Phil-
adelphia ; Bole, John C., Pittsburgh ; Bole, Robert A., Pittsburgh ; Boyd, Miss Eleanore

[151]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Gilmore, Harrisburg; Boyd, Jackson Heir, Harrisburg; Boyd, James, Jr., Harrisburg; Boyd,
Mrs. J. Y., Harrisburg; Boyd, Miss Louise Yeomans, Harrisburg.

Calder, William J., Jr., Harrisburg; Caldwell, J. Albert, Philadelphia; Carter, Miss
Lucile Polk, Philadelphia.

Dall, Helen Boyd, Harrisburg.

Fitch, James E., Haverford ; Foote, Mrs. Laura Redington, Scranton.

George, Ralph M., Bradford ; Griscom, Mrs. Clement A., Philadelphia.

Hall, B. Frank, St. Mary's; Hall, Mrs. Eliza W., Harrisburg; Harrisburg Chapter,
Daughters of the American Revolution, Harrisburg; Hastings, Miss Edith, Philadelphia;
Heller, Miss Bessie Evelyn, Easton; Herr, Mrs. A. J., Harrisburg; Hippie, Mrs. Frank H.,
Philadelphia; Huidekoper, Mrs. Frances L., Meadville; Hutchinson, Edward L., Newtown;
Hutchinson, S. Pemberton, Philadelphia.

King, Miss Margaret Scott, Chambersburg ; Kingsley, Mrs. Edward F., Philadelphia;
Kisterbock, Mrs. John, Philadelphia ; Kunkel, Miss Elizabeth Crane, Harrisburg.

Lamberton, Mrs. R. A., Harrisburg; Leidy, Miss Cornelia Carter, Philadelphia; Leidy,
Mrs. Joseph, Philadelphia; Leidy, Philip Ludwell, Philadelphia; Lewis, Albert, Bear Creek;
Linn, Miss Mary Hunter, Bellefonte ; Longstreth, Doctor Morris, Philadelphia ; Long-
streth, Mrs. Morris, Philadelphia.

Mackey, Charles W., Franklin; Mackey, Mrs. Charles W., Franklin; Mann, Mrs. Annie
L., Lock Haven.

National Council of Jewish Women, Bradford ; Newell, Mrs. Phoebe L., Bradford.

Pearson, Miss Mary Harris, Harrisburg; Pitcairn, Mrs. Robert, Pittsburgh.

Ramsey, Mrs. George D., Harrisburg ; Reed, Judge J. H., Pittsburgh ; Reed, Mrs. J. H.,
Pittsburgh; Rider, W. D., Jr., Cambridge Springs; Robb, Miss Ella, Philadelphia; Rosen-
garten, Mrs. Frank H., Philadelphia.

Sargent, Winthrop, Philadelphia ; Sibley, Mrs. Edwin Henry, Franklin ; Sibley, Mrs.
Joseph C, Franklin ; Stryker, Mrs. Samuel S., Philadelphia.

Trunkey, Mrs. John, Franklin.

Welsh, Mrs. William J., Franklin ; Whelen, Mrs. Alfred, Philadelphia ; Woman's Liter-
ary Club, Bradford.

Barus, Mrs. Carl, Providence ; Beeckman, Mrs. R. Livingston, Providence.
Chace, Mrs. Henry R., Providence; Colonial Dames, Providence.
Goddard, Mrs. R. H. J., Providence.

Phoebe Green Ward Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Westerly.
William Ellery Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Newport; Williams,
Mrs. Fielding Lewis, Bristol.

&outf) Carolina

Jones, Mrs. E. G., Rock Hill.
McNeill, Mrs. M. K., Greenville.
Palmer, Mrs. George G., Cartersville.

Sotitf) SDafcota

Bennett, George P., Rapid City; Buell, Mrs. Charles, Rapid City.

Cheairs, Mrs. Henry Pointer, Coad, Mrs. William T., Rapid City; Connor, Miss Helen
Houghton, Hot Springs; Corson, Judge Dighton, Pierre; Culture Club, Deadwood; Dead-
wood Woman's Club, Deadwood; Dickinson, Mrs. D. K., Lead City; Dillger, Mrs. Charles,
Rapid City.

Fayel, Mrs. Alma Lampert, Hot Springs ; Flick, Mrs. Daniel W., Rapid City ; Ford, Mrs.
Maria J. Williams, Deadwood ; Franklin, Mrs. Harris, Deadwood.

Gamble, Mrs. Robert J., Yankton ; Gaston, Mrs. Marie G. Jones, Deadwood ; Grier,
Thomas Johnston, Lead City; Grier, Mrs. Thomas Johnston, Lead City; Grier, Thomas
Johnston, Jr., Lead City.

Halley, Mrs. James, Rapid City; Houghton, Harold Clemens.

Keith, Mrs. J. G., Hot Springs; Kellar, Mrs. Andrew Jackson, Hot Springs; Kellar,
Philip Rutherford, Hot Springs; Kellar, Miss Werdua, Hot Springs.

[152]

DANIEL BOONE

Reproduced from the portrait, painted from life, by Chester Harding,
when the great pioneer and Indian fighter was over eighty years old

/i-y

THE GREAT CHIEF OF THE OTTAWAS, LEADER OF THE IN-
DIANS OF THE MIDDLE WEST IN THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR

COLONEL ROBERT ROGERS, LEADER OF THE EXPEDI-
TION, IN 1760, TO RECEIVE THE FORTS SURRENDERED
BY THE FRENCH, ON LAKE ERIE AND THE WESTWARD,
AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR

8 fflS

" . «

SWott

^5,

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Lee, Governor Andrew E., Vermillion; Lee, Mrs. Andrew E., Vermillion; Lee, Miss
Jessamine, Vermillion.

Mead, Doctor Leonard Charles, Yankton; Mead, Mrs. Leonard Charles, Yankton;
Moody, Mrs. Gideon C, Forest Hill.

Schrader, Mrs. John F., Rapid City ; Shakespeare Club, Hot Springs ; Sheldon, Ex-
Governor Charles Henry, Pierpont; Smith, Mrs. George Carroll, Hot Springs; Stewart,
Mrs. Wilbert Walter, Hot Springs; Swander, Mrs. Harry, Rapid City.

Tripp, Mrs. Jarrett D., Yankton.

Waite, Mrs. Charles.

Beard, Mrs. William D., Memphis.

Cunningham, S. A., Nashville.

Temple, Miss Mary Boyce, Knoxville ; Thorndike, Mrs. Edward, Harriman.

Washington, Joseph E., Wessyngton; Washington, Mrs. Joseph E., Wessyngton.

Beers, Mrs. William, Galveston.

Fowler, Mrs. Charles, Galveston.

Groce, Mrs. Thomas J., Galveston.

Sealy, Miss Ella, Galveston ; Sealy, Mrs. George M., Galveston.

Allen, Mrs. Clarence E., Salt Lake City.

Bailey, Mrs. Thomas C., Salt Lake City; Bamberger, Mrs. Bertha, Salt Lake City;
Bancroft, Mrs. William H., Salt Lake City; Bennett, Mrs. Charles Washington, Salt Lake
City; Bannister, Mrs. Emma W., Ogden; Brown, Mrs. Henry W., Salt Lake City.

Caine, Mrs. Margaret A., Salt Lake City; Caine, Miss Margaret Nightingale, Salt Lake
City ; Cannon, Mrs. Frank J., Ogden ; Chisholm, Mrs. W. W., Salt Lake City ; Crawford,
Miss Helen, Salt Lake City.

Downey, Mrs. George Mason, Salt Lake City; Ducat, Captain Arthur C., Salt Lake City.

Gilmer, Mrs. Mary E., Salt Lake City.

Hardness, Miss Hester, Salt Lake City ; Holman, Miss Emma Rounds, Salt Lake City.

Keith, Mrs. David, Salt Lake City ; King, Mrs. Annie Lyman, Salt Lake City ; Kings-
bury, Mrs. Jane M., Salt Lake City.

Ladies' Literary Club, Salt Lake City; Lowe, Miss Catherine Aurelia, Salt Lake City.

Mitchell, Miss Ida R., Salt Lake City.

Nelden, Mrs. W. A., Salt Lake City.

Pierce, Mrs. Frank, Salt Lake City.

Rawlins, Mrs. Joseph L., Salt Lake City; Reapers Club, Salt Lake City; Richards,
Mrs. Emily S., Salt Lake City.

Salisbury, Mrs. Orange J.-, Salt Lake City; Siegel, Mrs. Solomon, Salt Lake City;
Smedley, Mrs. William Edward, Salt Lake City.

Thompson, Mrs. Ezra, Salt Lake City.

Utah's Woman's Press Club, Salt Lake City.

Wallace, Mrs. Inez C., Salt Lake City; Webber, Mrs. Mary E. R., Salt Lake City;
Wells, Mrs. Emeline B., Salt Lake City; Woman's Club, Salt Lake City.

Gurnsey, Miss Anna J., Montpelier.
Jones, Calista R., Bradford.

Picginia

Axtell, Decatur, Richmond; Axtell, Mrs. Decatur, Richmond.

Barksdale, Mrs. F. Dallam, Richmond ; Branch, Mrs. J. Kerr, Richmond ; Brodt, Mrs.
Charles L., Dunloring; Bruce, Mrs. Albert Casson, Richmond.

[161]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Cabell, Mrs. J. Alston, Columbia ; Carter, Mrs. Thomas Nelson, Richmond ; Chichester,
Mrs. Arthur Mason, Leesburg ; Claiborne, Hamilton Cabell, Richmond ; Claiborne, Herbert
A., Jr., Richmond ; Coles, Mrs. Walter, Lexington.

Daniel, Mrs. James R. V., Richmond ; Dooley, Mrs. James H., Richmond ; Dunlop,
Mrs. John, Richmond.

Ellett, Mrs. Virginia Randolph, Richmond ; Ellyson, Mrs. J. Taylor, Richmond ; Eppes,
Miss Emily Horner, City Point.

Fitzhugh, Miss Janetta Ravenscroft, Fredericksburg.

Gray, Mrs. Alfred, Richmond ; Green, Lina Harrison, Richmond.

Harrison, Mrs. George E., Brandon ; Harrison, Mrs. John W., Richmond ; Harrison,
Mrs. Matthew Bland, Richmond; Holladay, Miss Mildred Maupin, Portsmouth.

Jef fress, Robert Miller, Richmond ; Jef fress, Thomas F., Richmond ; Jef f ress, Mrs.
Thomas F., Richmond; Jones, Doctor Henry C, Richmond.

Leigh, Mrs. B. Watkins, Williamsburg, Lewis, Mrs. Lunsford L., Richmond ; Long,
Miss yirginia M., Leesburg; Lyons, Mrs. James, Buckingham.

Minor, Mrs. E. C., Richmond; Montague, Mrs. Virginia Eubank, Saluda; Morgan, Cap-
tain Charles S., Cheriton Station; Morgan, Mrs. Charles S., Cheriton Station.

Pace, Mrs. James B., Richmond ; Paul, Charles Wakefield, Charlottesville.

Randolph, Mrs. Norman V., Richmond ; Robinson, John Enders, Richmond ; Robinson,
Mrs. John Enders, Richmond; Robinson, Morgan Poitiaux, Richmond; Robinson, Mrs.
Russell, Wingo; Roosevelt, Mrs. Kermit, Fairfax.

Scott, Miss Elizabeth Lowndes, Ewell; Shields, Miss Grace H., Smith, Miss Margaret
V., Strause, Mrs. Charles, Richmond.

Thomas, Mrs. Fannie B., Smithfield; Thomas, Mrs. W. D., Richmond.

Valentine, Mrs. Mann S., Richmond.

Werth, Mrs. James R., Richmond; White, Mrs. William H., Norfolk; Willard, Miss
Mary Elizabeth, Fairfax; Willard, Joseph E., Fairfax; Willard, Mrs. Joseph E., Fairfax;
Williams, Mrs. E. V., Richmond.

CUrct

Davis, Miss Elizabeth J., Davis.
Elkins, Miss Katherine Hallie, Elkins.
Lee, Mrs. Arthur, Elkins.

McCandlish, Mrs. Margaret Lindsay, Piedmont ; McGraw, Miss Rose, Grafton.
Warfield, Mrs. Harry Ridgeley, Elkins ; White, Mrs. I. C., Morgantown ; Woolf , Mrs.
W. E., Keyser; Wyatt, Mrs. Charles Russell, Huntington.

Spokane Chapter, Daughters of the Revolution, Spokane.

Warren, Miss Frances Helen, Cheyenne.

Sltsentine HepubHc

Catalan!, Giuseppe, Buenos Ayres.

Naon, Romulo S., Buenos Ayres ; Naon, Romulo, Jr., Buenos Ayres.

Canafia

Fletcher, Mrs. John, Katherine J. D., Montreal.
Powers, Francis Fischer, Toronto.
Robson, Miss May, Ontario.

Cnslanb

Bell, William A., Esq., Surrey.

[162]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

jftanw

Collins, Mrs. Charles H. T., Paris.

flStrmanj?

Gaffney, T. St. John, Dresden ; Gaffney, Mrs. T. St. John, Dresden.

Brewster, William Cullen, Rome.

Comritwrors
Alabama

Battle, Herbert B., Montgomery; Bondurant, E. D., Mobile.

Caine, W. P., Ensley.

Gay, Samuel G., M. D., Selma; Gielow, Miss Martha S., Greensboro.

Hinds, W. E., Auburn.

Jackson, William R., Mobile.

Kellum, William G., Glen Carbon.

Lloyd, F. E., Auburn ; Lovelace, B. F., University.

Peabody, Mrs. James. Prouty, William F., University.

Ross, Frank L., Mobile.

Sewell, John Stephen, Gantt's Quarry.

Turner, William Franklin, Auburn.

Wheeler, Miss Annie, Wheeler; Whiting, J. W., Mobile; Williams, P. F., Auburn.

Hume, J. W., Chignik.

Keller, E. Etta, Council; Keller, S. A., Council.

Robe, Lucien Stevens, Iditarod.

fltfjona

Bolton, Thaddeus L., Temple.

Christy, Lloyd B., Phoenix; Curtis, Bracey, Nogales.

Grow, A. L., Tombstone.

Harris, E. F., Tucson; Hill, L. C., Phoenix; Hubbell, J. L., Ganado.

MacDougal, D. T., Tucson; Merrill, A. W., Phoenix.

Pearson, Gustaf, A., Flagstaff.

Scott, Winfield, D. D., Scottsdale; Sturges, W. S., Arioaca.

Wilkinson, Rufus H., Phoenix.

fttfcandag

Barlow, Miss Frances A., Helena.

Duke, Charles T., Monticello.

Halliburton, W. H., De Witt ; Humphreys, Henry H., Silvan Springs.

Pickel, F. W., Fayetteville ; Prairie Grove Chapter, Prairie Grove.

Smith, Willis Roswell, Little Rock; Steel, A. A., Fayetteville.

Walker, Ernest, Fayetteville.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

California

Albrecht, Sebastian, Mount Hamilton; Allen, Charles Lewis, Los Angeles; Allen,
James M., San Francisco; Allison, George W., Berkeley; Appel, D. M., San Francisco;
Arnold, Ralph, Los Angeles ; Atkinson, J. W., Betteravia ; Aue, Joseph E., San Francisco.

Bagg, C. P., San Francisco; Bagg, John D. Bicknell, Los Angeles; Bailey, J. D., San
Francisco; Barkan, A. M. D., San Francisco; Baruch, Edgar, Los Angeles; Beckett, B. B.,
San Francisco ; Bekeart, Philip B., San Francisco ; Bigelow, C. E., Santa Barbara ; Bixby,
E. M., San Francisco ; Boardman, S. H., San Francisco ; Boardman, T. D., San Francisco ;
Bonnell, Edwin, San Francisco ; Boothe, C. B., South Pasadena ; Bostwick, Mrs. Mary A., Elk
Grove; Boyd, Doctor Walter M., Los Angeles; Brackett, F. P., Claremont; Brandenstein,
Martin, San Francisco; Brewer, Reverend W. A., Burlingame; Briggs, Doctor W. A., Sacra-
mento; Brown, Doctor Philip King, San Francisco; Brown, Rexwald, M. D., Santa Barbara;
Browning, Charles C., M. D., Monrovia ; Brush, Frank S., Almeda ; Bunker, Henry C, San
Francisco ; Burlingame, L. Lance, Stanford University ; Burnham, Doctor Clark, Berkeley ;
Butterfield, F. D-, South Pasadena; Byrkett, Mrs. Clara, Santa Monica.

Campbell, John M., Coalinga; Campbell, W. W., Mount Hamilton; Capwell, H. C,
Oakland ; Carpenter, Ford Ashman, San Diego ; Chapman, Pearson, Long Beach ; Chappel,
H. G., Oakland ; Chenery, Leonard, San Francisco ; Clark, Alvah K., Oakland ; Claypole,
Miss Edith J., Pasadena; Cole, F. P., San 'Francisco; Collins, Reverend Henry C., Ventura;
Currey, John, Dixon ; Cutting, Lewis M., Stockton.

Davis, Hallock, Davis, Paxton, Dennison, W. E., Alameda; Dobie, C. W., San Fran-
cisco; Dorr, L. L., San Francisco; Drake, Bryant S., Oakland; Dudley W. R., Stanford
University; Dutton, W. J., San Francisco.

Edwardes, Vance P., Oakland; Edwards, D. B., Oakland; Eldredge, Zoeth S., San
Francisco ; Ellerman, Ferdinand, Mount Wilson ; Ellinwood, C. N., San Francisco ; Ever-
sole, Mrs. Rachel A., Santa Monica.

Fenn, R. W., San Francisco ; Flint, William H., M. D., Santa Barbara ; Fly, Edward M.,
M. D., National City; Fonda, John G., Los Angeles; Franklin, E. C, M. D., Stanford
University; Fury, Charles F., Petalutna.

Gane, Henry Stewart, Santa Barbara ; Gibbons, Doctor Henry, Jr., San Francisco ; Gil-
bert, J. Z., Los Angeles ; Gormley, George Gray, San Francisco ; Gray, Frank P., M. D.,
San Francisco; Gray, R. S., Oakland; Griffith, Miss Alice S., San Francisco; Griffith,
John T., Los Angeles.

Hale, Marshall, San Francisco ; Hall, Charles L., Sacramento ; Hall, J. U., M. D., San
Jose ; Hamilton, W. R., San Francisco ; Haven, Charles D., San Francisco ; Hawks, H. D.,
San Francisco; Hawks, J. D., San Francisco; Henshaw, Tyler, Oakland; Hersam, Ernest
A., Berkeley ; Hirschfelder, J. O., M. D., San Francisco ; Hood, William, San Francisco ;
Hoskins, L. M., Palo Alto ; Howison, George H., Berkeley ; Hughes, D. E., Los Angeles ;
Hull, Clinton T., San Francisco; Hume, W. R., Oakland; Hulbut, Howard R., South
Berkeley.

Innes, Captain John C., San Francisco.

Johnson, James H., M. D., Los Angeles ; Johnson, Miss Janette Newall, Berkeley ;
Johnson, S. A., South Pasadena.

Kahn, Adolph J., Napa ; Keep, Josiah, Mills College ; Kimball, Roy T., San Francisco ;
Kinne, Colonel C. Mason, San Francisco ; Klipphahn, E. O. E., Dobbins.

Larkin, Edgar Lucien, Mount Lowe ; Lavagnino, G., Pasadena ; Le Conte, L. J., Oak-
land ; Lehmer, D. N., Berkeley ; Lipman, Miss Mary Edith, Berkeley ; Louderback, George D.,
Berkeley.

Maddrill, James D., Ukiah ; Manson, Marsden, San Francisco ; Marshall, W. F., San
Francisco; Marston, S. I., Alameda; Martin, Charles D., Merced; Mathews, H. E., San
Francisco ; Mattison, Fitch C. E., Pasadena ; McCrocken, I., Stanford University ; McFar-
land, San Francisco ; Merrill, George A., San Francisco ; Meyer, Arthur W., Palo Alto ;
Minot, Vredenburgh, Point Loma ; Mitchell, George, Los Angeles ; Mitchell, W. L., Napa ;
Mof fatt, Herbert C., San Francisco ; Molera, E. J., San Francisco ; Morse, W. H., Santa
Barbara ; Mott, Ernest J., San Francisco ; Moulton, Irving F., San Francisco.

Noble, Patrick, San Francisco.

[I64]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Oldberg, Oscar, La Jolla ; Otis, Harrison Gray, Los Angeles ; Outwater, Samuel, M. D.,
Riverside.

Page, Alexander G., Patton, Charles L., San Francisco ; Posey, A. C., M. D., San Jose ;
Pottenger, F. M., M. D., Monrovia.

Raht, August, San Francisco; Rigdon, R. L., M. D., San Francisco; Ringwalt, Lansing
Mizner, San Francisco; Rogers, J. N., Vacaville; Ross, Doctor John W., Pasadena.

Sanford, Fernando, Stanford University; Seaver, W. H., Oakland; Shreve, W. J., San
Francisco; Simpson, J. A., San Francisco; Slonaker, J. Rollin, Ph. D., Palo Alto; Smith,
Dudley, M. D., Oakland ; Smith, Q. C, M. D., San Diego ; Sprague, Francis R., M. D., San
Francisco; Standish, Miles, San Francisco; Stevenson, H. G., San Francisco; Stoney, Donzel,
San Francisco ; Stookey, Lyman B., Los Angeles ; Stone, Robert Cameron, San Diego ;
Sumner, S. B. ; Swan, Percy K., San Francisco ; Symmes, Frank J., San Francisco.

Taber, G. Major, Los Angeles; Taff, J. A., Palo Alto; Taft, Henry Clay, Oakland;
Tompkins, Perry T., Berkeley; Torrey, Harry Beal, Berkeley; Turner, L. H., San Francisco;
Tuttle, Hiram D., San Jose.

Van Valer, Peter, Hanford ; Van Zwalenburg, Cornelius, M. D., Riverside ; Vining,
Everald Augustus, Palo Alto ; von Hoffman, C, M. D., San Francisco ; Vorhies, Mrs. Alfred,
San Francisco.

Wagener, Samuel H., San Jose; Ward, Doctor James W., San Francisco; Ward, Rich-
ard P., South Pasadena; Warren, Harvey R., Los Angeles; Whiting, Randolph V., San
Francisco ; Whiting, Mrs. Randolph V., San Francisco ; Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton, Los
Angeles ; Wood, Henry H., Oakland ; Wright, Consuelo.

Colotabo

Anderson, George Lewis, Ault ; Anderson, Miss Helen, Colorado Springs ; Argall,
Philip, Denver.

Barker, Edward Day, Colorado Springs ; Bishop, Edward A., Denver ; Bogue, Lutnan
Moody, Denver; Bowie, Alexander, Bowie; Boyd, E. T., M. D., Leadville; Butler, Clar-
ence M., Pueblo; Butler, Simpson D., Denver.

Caldwell, Samuel Le Nord, Colorado Springs ; Central High School, West Denver ;
Chase, John, Denver; Chew, E. R., Pueblo; Clifford, Miss J. C., Denver; Crawford, R. D.,
Boulder.

Damon, John C., Ames ; Delong, Ira M., Boulder.

Edwards, E. Card, M. D., La Junta.

George, Professor R. D., Boulder; Gilbert, O. M., Boulder; Gilham, Edward, Denver;
Graded Schools, Greeley.

Hale, Irving, Denver; Harlow, Doctor W. P., Boulder; Harsh, S. A., Denver; Hender-
son, Junius, Boulder ; Hersey, Henry Johnson, Denver ; High School, Greeley ; Holt, Harry
J., Manitou ; Hover, Charles L., Longmont ; Howe, Herbert A., Ph., D., University Park.

Johnson, Herbert Earl, Denver; Johnson, Joseph S., Denver; Johnson, S. Arthur, Fort
Collins ; Jones, Charles R., Fort Collins.

Keim, Edward T., Denver; Kelly, Herbert L., Denver; Kimball, George, K., Jr., Idaho
Springs ; Knowles, W. S., Greeley.

Lockwood, Captain John A., Denver.

Marshall, John McConnell, Denver; Marshall, Theodore L., Denver; Martin, S. F.,
Gurley; Mauzy, James H., Morse, Irving S., Denver.

Osterhout, George E., New Windsor.

Pastorius, C. Sharpless, Colorado Springs ; Patton, Horace B., Golden ; Peck, W. A.,
Denver; Phelps, A. C., Denver.

Rankin, James Heber, Denver.

Snedaker, James A., Denver; State Normal School, Greeley; Stickney, Charles D.,
Pueblo.

Tarbell, Mrs. Winfield Scott, Denver; Taylor, Colonel Charles W., U. S. A., Denver;
Toppan, C. B., Denver; Trowbridge, Henry W., Denver.

Vaile, J. F., Denver.

Wheeler, Edward B., Wilson ; White, Charles A., Greeley ; Williams, Wardner, Denver ;
Worcester, Philip G., Boulder.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Connecticut

Allen, H. S., Waterbury; Ailing, David R., New Haven; Armstrong, Mrs. Agnes, South
Coventry ; Atwater, Edwin B., New Haven.

Baker, Isaiah, Jr., Hartford ; Barney, Mrs. Danforth N., Farmington ; Bartlett, Warren
Tower, Hartford ; Bassett, William H., Torrington ; Beach, Henry L., Hartford ; Beecher,
L. Wheeler, New Haven; Belknap, Leverett, Hartford; Bennett, V. R., South Coventry;
Bennett, Mrs. V. R., South Coventry ; Billard, Mrs. J. L., Meriden ; Bissell, Frederic Clar-
ence, Hartford ; Blake, William Phipps, Sc. D., New Haven ; Bliss, Frederick S., Hartford ;
Blumer, George, New Haven ; Boardman, Thomas, Jr., Hartford ; Boardman, William F. J.,
Hartford ; Bradley, Edward E., New Haven ; Bradley, Fred T., New Haven ; Bridgeman,
Mrs. Alice B., Norfolk; Briggs, Mrs. Walter, South Coventry; Bronson, Robert A., New
Haven : Brooker, Charles F., Ansonia ; Brown, Robert, New Haven ; Browning, Philip E.,
New Haven.

Call, George E., Torrington ; Campbell, Mrs. B., New Haven ; Carmen, Mrs. J. B., South
Coventry; Cash, Walter S., Bridgeport; Chamberlin, Frank D., Hartford; Chaplin, Mrs.
J. S., South Coventry; Chase, Augustus Sabine, Waterbury; Chase, Mrs. Charles E., Hart-
ford ; Chase, Miss Genevieve, Hartford ; Cheney, Louis R., Hartford ; Cheney, Walter L.,
Meriden; Chase, Porter B., Hartford ; Chesson, Frederick W., Waterbury ; Chittenden, Russell
H., New Haven ; Clapp, George I., Hartford ; Clark, Charles M., Waterbury ; Clark, Dwight
N., Woodbridge; Clark, Noyes D., Woodbridge; Cleveland, Lemuel W., Plainfield : Colton,
Olcott B., Hartford ; Converse, A. W., Windsor Locks ; Cooper, Frank L., New Haven ; Cor-
bin, A. F., New Britain ; Couch, George Winchell, Meriden ; Cowles, B. S., Hartford ; Cowles,
Sidney M., Kensington ; Crawford, George E., Bridgeport ; Cross, Morelle F., New Haven.

Davis, Richard G., New Haven; Denison, Frederic, Mystic; Doolittle, Edgar J., Meri-
den ; Dyer, Daniel T., Collinsville.

Eaton, George F., New Haven ; Eldridge, Miss Mary, Norfolk ; Elkin, W. L., New
Haven ; Elmore, Samuel E., Hartford ; Elton, J. S., Waterbury ; Emmons, E. J., New
Milford.

Farnum, Henry W., New Haven ; Fay, Charles E., Stamford ; Fenn, John Roberts,
Hartford ; Fine, Morris S., New Haven ; Fisher, Irving, New Haven ; Fitts, George H., Wil-
limantic ; Flint, Joseph Marshall, New Haven ; Foote, David Thompson.

Gallond, J. Merrick, Waterbury; Gallup, Charles D., Norwich; Gilbert, C. E., Hartford;
Gildersleeve, Ferdinand, Gildersleeve ; Gillett, A. B., Hartford ; Glazier, Daniel J., Hart-
ford; Godfrey, Doctor Charles G., Bridgeport; Gooch, F. A., New Haven; Goodrich, E. S.,
Hartford ; Goodsell Kalmon, Bridgeport ; Goodwin, Charles L., Hartford ; Grant, James M.,
Hartford ; Graves, Charles B., M. D., New London ; Greenway, James C., Greenwich ;
Grower, George G., Ansonia.

Hall, O. Howard, Bridgeport; Halligan, William E., Bridgeport; Hallock, Frank K,
M. D., Cromwell ; Hard, William G., Naugatuck ; Harmon. John Milton, Meriden ; Harrison,
Professor Ross G., New Haven; Hartford Courant (The), Hartford; Heminway, Louis M.,
Litchfield; Henderson, Yandell, M. D., New Haven; Higgins, Mrs., South Coventry;
Hitchcock, A. C., Bristol ; Holmes, R. E., Winsted ; Hooker, Davenport, New Haven ;
Hooker, Edward Beecher, Hartford ; Hooker, E. N., Hartford ; Hopson, W. F., New Haven ;
Hotchkiss, E. E., Naugatuck; Howland, M;«s Betty, Norwichtown; Hubbard, E. Kent,
Middletown ; Hungerford, Newman, Hartford ; Hurlbutt, J. Belden, Norwalk.

Ives, Frederick A., Cheshire.

Jameson, A. H., Branford ; Jamieson, George S., New Haven ; Johnston, Howard A.,
Stamford ; Jones, Frederick S., New Haven ; Judd, George E., Waterbury.

Keep, Howard H., Hartford ; Kellogg, William Williams, Mystic ; Kingsbury, Mrs.
A., South Coventry ; Kingsbury ; Mrs. L., South Coventry.

Ladd, George Trumbill, New Haven ; Lapsley, Mrs. Samuel, Pomfret ; Deavenworth,
Charles S., Hamden ; Ledoyt, Mrs. Sam, South Coventry ; Lee, W. H., New Haven ; Levi,
Henry B., Meriden ; Lewis, Albert N., New Britain ; Lewis, R. C., Stamford ; Lines, H.
Wales, Meriden ; Lyman, Doctor David R., Wallingford ; Lyon, Ernest P., Bridgeport.

MacCurdy, George Grant, New Haven ; Mason, Mrs. Henry, South Coventry ; Mason,
Mrs. Mary, South Coventry ; Mathewson, Albert McClellan, New Haven ; McFarland,
Doctor B. N., New Haven ; McKinney, Fred E., Hartford ; Merwin, J. N., New Haven ;

[166]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Metcalf, William Henry, New Haven ; Mills, Lyman A., Middlefield ; Moody, Mrs. Mary
Blair, M. D., New Haven; Morgan, E. J., Bridgeport.

Nason, Frank L., West Haven ; Nettleton, Arthur T., Newtown ; Noble, Charles H.,
New Milford.

Orcutt, Willis F., Rockville.

Parker, G. A., Hartford ; Parker, Henry F., Norwich ; Parrott, Henry Wheeler, Bridge-
port; Pearl, Edward, Mansfield; Perkins, Miss Lucy M., South Coventry; Perry, Mrs. Wil-
liam Hunt, Bridgeport; Peterson, Mrs., South Coventry; Pettee, Charles L. W., Hartford;
Phillips, Mrs. G., South Coventry ; Potter, Robert A., Bristol ; Prince, Christopher E.,
New Haven.

Quintard, Charles A., Norwalk.

Randall, Herbert, Hartford ; Rathbun, Miss Beriah S., Norwich ; Redfield, Henry S.,
Hartford ; Reid, William H., Lakeville ; Rettger, Leo F., New Haven ; Reynolds, Edwin,
Norwich ; Rice, William North, Ph. D., Middletown ; Riggs, R. B., Hartford ; Ripley, Charles
E., Hartford ; Robbins, Charles S., Hartford ; Root, Edwin P., New Haven ; Russell, Gordon,
Waterbury.

Sanford, Charles E. P., New Haven ; Schuchert, Charles, New Haven ; Sears, Thomas,
South Coventry ; Seymour, Robert T., Hartford ; Sheldon, Charles A., New Haven ; Simp-
son, Ernest C, New Haven ; Smith, Harry A., New Haven ; Smith, Joel W., East Hamp-
ton; Smith, William Greenleaf, Waterbury; Stagg, Henry P., Stratford; Stanley, William F.,
Steiner, Walter R., M. D., Hartford; Sterling, Mrs. C. C, Rockville; Stillman, Henry A.,
Hartford ; Stratton, Edward C., Bridgeport ; St. John, H. W., Hartford ; Stoeckel, Carl, Nor-
folk ; Stoll, Doctor Henry F., Hartford ; Swan, Edward A., Pomf ret Center.

Taylor, Edward, New Haven ; Thompson, Paul S., New Haven ; Tileston, W., New
Haven ; Tominson, Wilbur F., Danbury ; Toquet, B. H., Westport ; Townsend, J. H., New
Haven; Townsend, William B., Middlebury; Tracey, Mrs. Frank, South Coventry; Tracy,
Herbert D., Hartford; Treadway, Charles F., New Haven; Treadwell, John P., Norwalk;
Thorn, Charles, Stores; Trowbridge, Rutherford, New Haven; Trowbridge, Mrs. Ruther-
ford, New Haven ; Twiss, Waldo C, Meriden.

Upson, Theron, New Haven.

Van Vleck, John M., Middletown; Veeder, Curtis H., Hartford.

Wakeman, Alfred J., Greenwich ; Waldo, Mrs. C. G., Bridgeport ; Walker, Charles
Monson, New Haven; Ward, Frederick S., New Haven; Watson, T. L., Bridgeport; Webb,
Rodolphus L., Mystic; Weber, George A., Stamford; Weed, I. De Witt, New Haven; Welles,
Doctor J. N., Wethersfield ; Welton, Frank P., Waterburv ; Wetherbee, William S., Middle-
town; White, George L., Waterbury; White, Herbert H., Hartford; Whitney, Eli, New
Haven; Wiard, Martin S., New Britain; Wickham, Almeron W., New Haven; Wilcox, Miss
Emily T., Middletown ; Wiley, J. Allen, Hartford ; Williams, George G., Hartford ; Williams,
James S., Glastonbury ; Wood, Arthur W., New Haven ; Wood, Mrs. John W., South Cov-
entry; Wood, Mrs. T. H., South Coventry; Wright, Asabel J., Hartford; Wright, Fayette
L., Pomfret Center.

SDdatoate

Albertson, E. T., Wilmington.

Bancroft, John, Wilmington ; Bancroft, Mrs. John, Wilmington ; Betts, Alfred, Wil-
mington ; Betts, Edward, Wilmington ; Biggs, John, Wilmington ; Biggs, Mrs. John, Wil-
mington; Bissell, Alfred Elliott, Wilmington; Bissell, George P., Wilmington; Bradford,
H. B., Wilmington; Bringhurst, Henry R. Jr., Wilmington; Bringhurst, Miss Mary T.,
Wilmington; Brown, Joseph G., Odessa.

Causey, Mrs. Annie Bell, Milford ; Chambers, George W., Wilmington ; Coppage, Mrs.
B. D., Wilmington ; Corbit, Alexander P., Odessa ; Crawford, A. L., Wilmington ; Craw-
ford, Miss Florence M., Wilmington.

Dallett, E. James, Wilmington ; Draper, Miss Elizabeth, Wilmington ; du Pont, Miss
Alice, Wilmington; du Pont, Miss Amy E., 2nd, Wilmington.

Elliott, Mrs. George S., Wilmington.

Garrett, Mrs. Eli, Wilmington ; Gibson, Mrs. Joseph, Odessa ; Gluckman, Barnet, Wil-
mington ; Gray, The Honorable George, Wilmington.

Hof f ecker, Francis H., Wilmington ; Hoopes, Miss Helen Massey, Wilmington ; Hos-

[167]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

singer, Miss Charlotte R., Newark; Hossinger, Miss Josephine H., Newark; Rowland, Miss
Susan, Wilmington ; Hughes, James H., Dover.

Jackson, Oscar P., Wilmington ; Jackson, Willard C, Wilmington.

Kent, Lindley C., Wilmington ; Krebs, Henry J., Wilmington ; Kurtz, William F., Wil-
mington.

Marshall, George W., M. D., Milford ; Marvel, Josiah, Wilmington ; Mendinhall, W. G.,
Wilmington ; Mustard, Mrs. Lewis, Lewes.

Nones, Susan R., Wilmington ; Nowland, Otho, Wilmington.

Penniville, Mrs. Mary, Dover.

Richardson, John, Wilmington ; Robin, Miss Eva, Wilmington ; Rumf ord, Samuel, Wil-
mington.

Smith, Mrs. Gait, Wilmington ; Smyth, Miss Alice P., Wilmington ; Smyth, Miss Sarah
S., Wilmington ; Speakman, Willard A., Wilmington ; Springer, J. Willard, Wilmington ;
Spruance, S., Wilmington.

Tallmen, F. G., Wilmington.

Warner, Mrs. E. Tatnall, Wilmington ; Warner, Miss R. Josephine, Wilmington ; Webb,
Wesley, Dover ; Wilson, Horace, Wilmington ; Wilson, Miss Katherine, Wilmington ; Wood,
C. E., Wilmington.

District of Columbia

Abbe, Cleveland, Washington ; Abbott, Charles G., Washington ; Acker, George N.,
Washington ; Acker, Swope, Adams, M. I., Washington ; Ainslie, C. N., Washington ; Al-
bright, James B., Washington; Alden, William C., Washington; Allen, H. Jerome, Wash-
ington ; Altemus, Frederick, Anderson, Robert, Washington ; Andrews, Miss Emily K.,
Washington ; Andrews, George L., Washington ; Archibald, James F. J., Washington ; Armes,
Colonel George A., Washington ; Ashley, George H., Washington ; Atwood, N. M., Wash-
ington.

Bailey, Vernon, Washington ; Baird, G. W., Washington ; Baker, Doctor Frank, Wash-
ington ; Baker, Frank, Washington ; Baker, R. W., Washington ; Baker, T. M., Washington ;
Baldwin, M. W., M. D., Washington; Ball, Max W., Washington; Ballock, E. A., Wash-
ington ; Bancroft, Rowland, Washington ; Barclay, Frederick H., Washington ; Barnett, V.

H., Washington
H., Washington
H., Washington

Bassler, R. S., Washington ; Basten, Edson S., Washington ; Bates, Henry
Bauer, L. A., Washington ; Baxter, Mrs. Kate C., Washington ; Beal, W.
Beaman, W. M., Washington ; Becker, Doctor George F., Washington ;

Bell, A. D., Washington; Benjamin, Marcus, Washington; Benjamin, Doctor Marcus, Wash-
ington ; Bennett, Claude N., Washington ; Bennett, R. R., Washington ; Berry, F. V., Wash-
ington; Beyer, Henry G., Washington; Bigelow, Frank H., Washington; Biscoe, H. E.,
Washington ; Bixby, Colonel W. H., Washington ; Bloss, John B., Washington ; Blount,
Henry F., Washington ; Boardman, Miss Mabel T., Washington ; Boston, Miss Rosetta A.,
Washington ; Boughton, Daniel Hall, Washington ; Bradford, Doctor Fenton, Washington ;
Bradford, R. B., Washington ; Bradt, Miss Jane, Washington ; Braucher, R. W., Washing-
ton; Brockett, Paul, Washington; Brooks, Alfred H., Washington; Brown, Miss Dorothy
F., Washington ; Brown, Honorable Elmer E., Washington ; Brown, Thomas, J. W., Wash-
ington ; Bruce, John C., Washington ; Bruce, Roscoe C, Washington ; Bryant, Charles M.,
Washington ; Burkland, A. O., Washington ; Burling, L. D., Washington : Burton, The
Honorable Theodore E., Washington ; Bush-Brown, H. K., Washington ; Butts, Charles,
Washington.

Calkins, Frank C., Washington ; Campbell, M. R., Washington ; Capps, S. R., Washing-
ton ; Casey, Thomas L., Washington, Chancy, Lucien W., Washington ; Chapman, R. H.,
Washington ; Chase, Mrs. Agnes, Washington ; Chickering, J. W., Washington ; Chipman,
A. J., Washington ; Chittenden, F. H., Washington ; Clark, A. Howard, Washington ; Clark,
Burton W., Washington ; Clark, Miss Emma Rebecca, Washington ; Clarke, F. W., Wash-
ington ; Clawson, Arthur B., Washington ; Clementson, Vida K., Washington ; Coleman,
A. B., Washington ; Coleman, Mrs. George E., Washington ; Collier, Arthur J., Washington ;
Cook, O. F., Washington ; Copenhaver, W. A., Washington ; Cox, W. V., Washington ;
Cramptoh, C. A., Washington ; Cresap, Logan, Washington ; Crowell, D. C., Washington ;
Crozier, General William, Washington ; Cushman, Allerton, Washington ; Cushman, Victor
N., Washington.

Daish, John B., Washington ; Darton, N. H., Washington ; Davis, A. P., Washington ;
Davis, Charles A., Washington ; Davis, Rear Admiral C. H., U. S. N., Washington ; Davis,

[168]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Lieutenant Commander Cleland, U. S. N., Washington; Davis, Henry G. Jr., Washington;
Day, David T., Washington ; Diller, J. S., Washington ; Diller, Mrs. Laura Paul, Washing-
ton ; Dodge, Mrs. Harrison H., Washington ; Dole, R. B., Washington ; Dorsey, H. W.,
Washington ; Dorsey, N. W., Washington ; Douglas, E. M., Washington ; Drain, General
James A., Washington ; Draper, Amos G., Washington ; Du Bois, Charles L., Washington ;
Du Bois, R. C, Washington ; Dunbar, Chaplain George Ward, U. S. A., Washington ; Duvel,
J. W. T., Washington ; Dyar, Miss Dorothy, Washington.

Edie, Mrs. Carrie Hillis, Washington ; Edward, William, Ely, Charles R., Washington ;
Emmons, S. F., Washington ; Erney, Charles A., Washington ; Evans, Miss Isabel P., Wash-
ington ; Evans, R. T., Washington ; Evermann, Doctor B. W, Washington ; Ewing, E. C.,
Washington.

Paris, Robert L., Washington ; Fisher, C. A., Washington ; Fisk, H. W., Washington ;
Fletcher, F. F., Washington ; Fletcher, Doctor Robert, Washington ; Flint, James M., Wash-
ington ; Folkmar, Daniel, Washington ; Fontaine, Miss A. M., Washington ; Forwood, Brig-
adier General W. H., U. S. Army, Washington ; Foster, S. W., Washington ; Fowler, George
S., Washington; French, Miss Alice L., . Washington ; French, O. B., Washington; Frisby,
Professor Edgar, Washington.

Gaff, Thomas T., Washington ; Gait, Robert, Gannett, Henry, Washington ; Gates,
Barton N., Washington ; Gerald, Herbert Parvin, Washington ; Gidley, J. W., Washington ;
Gilbert, G. K., Washington ; Gilbert, Walter M., Washington ; Gill, Theodore, M. D., Wash-
ington ; Glazebrook, L. W., Washington ; Gore, J. H., Washington ; Gove, Albert J., Wash-
ington; Green, Bernard R., Washington; Griffiths, David, Washington; Glide, Miss Amelia,
Washington ; Gude, Ernest, Washington ; Gude, Granville, Washington ; Gude, Miss Louise,
Washington ; Gunnell, Leonard, Washington. '

Hall, Miss Katherine May, Washington ; Hall, William A., Washington ; Hall, Will P.,
Washington; Hamilton, W. A., Washington; Harban, Mrs. Walter S., Washington; Harder,
E. C., Washington ; Harrison, Doctor B. H., Washington ; Hawley, Mrs. F. S., Washington ;
Hay, Mrs. John, Washington ; Hayes, C. W., Washington ; Hays, Honorable W. M., Wash-
ington ; Hazard, Daniel L., Washington ; Hazen, Doctor H. H., Washington ; Hedrick, Wil-
liam A., Washington ; Heiberger, Miss Ida G., Washington ; Heidemann, Otto, Washington ;
Henderson, John B. Jr., Washington ; Henshaw, H. W., Washington ; Henson, Mrs. George
R. S., Washington; Herron, W. H., Washington; Hess, F. L., Washington; Hill, J. M.,
Washington ; Hillebrand, W. F., Washington ; Himmel, Reverend Joseph J., S. J., Wash-
ington ; Hodge, F. W., Washington ; Hoeke, Mrs. Elizabeth, Washington ; Hoffman, Charles
G., Washington ; Holmes, Joseph A., Washington ; Hornsby, Mrs. Isham, Washington ;
Hough, Miss Catherine, Washington ; Hough, Williston S., Washington ; Howard, Miss
Annie B., Washington ; Howell, Edwin E., Washington ; Hoyt, John C., Washington ; Hub-
bell, Brigadier General H. W., Washington ; Hughes, P. M., Washington ; Humphreys, W.
J., Washington ; Huston, C. A., Washington ; Hyde, John, Washington.

Jenks, Mrs. N. S., Washington ; Jenne, E. L., Washington ; Jennings, Hennen, Wash-
ington ; Johannsen, Albert, Washington ; Johnson, B * L., Washington ; Jones, Grandville R.,
Washington ; Judd, George H., Washington.

Kearney, T. H., Washington ; Keith, Arthur, Washington ; Kendall, W. C, Washington ;
Kern, Charles E., Washington ; Kimball, Sumner Increase, Washington ; Kindle, E. M.,
Washington : King, Doctor A. F. A., Washington ; King, Claude Franklin, Washington ;
Knapp, Martin A., Washington ; Knopf, Adolph, Washington ; Knowlton, F. H., Washing-
ton ; Kramer, S. A., Washington ; Kubel, S. J., Washington.

Lamb, Daniel S., M. D., Washington ; Lamb, Robert Scott, Washington ; Larson, E. S.,
Jr., Washington ; Le Clerc, J. A., Washington ; Lee, Henry Davis, Washington ; Leighton,
M. O., Washington ; Leupp, Francis E., Washington ; Lewis, Frank J., Washington ; Lewis,
K. O., Washington ; Liggons, Miss Martha, Washington ; Lindenkohl, H., Washington ;
Litchfield, Miss Grace D., Washington ; Littell, Frank B., Washington ; Ljungstedt, C. A.,
Washington ; Lloyd, M. G., Washington ; Lockwood, Thomas W., Washington ; Lodge, H. C.,
Washington ; Lucas, A. F., Washington ; Lucas, Miss Minnie A., Washington ; Ludlow,
Doctor C. S., Washington ; Lupton, Charles T., Washington ; Lyon, M. W., Jr., Washington.

Mackall, Doctor Louis, Washington ; Mackell, Louis, Washington ; Magruder, Doctor G.
Lloyd, Washington; Mann, B. Pickman, Washington; Marsh, Millard C, Washington;
Marshall, Collins, Washington ; Marshall, R. B., Washington ; Marvin, Miss Cornelia, Wash-
ington ; Marvin, C. F., Washington ; Matson, George C., Washington ; Matthes, Francis E.,
Washington ; Maynard, George C., Washington ; McCaskey, H. D., Washington ; McCullough,

[169]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Max, Washington ; McGuire, Frederick B., Washington ; McGuire, Mrs. Frederick B.,
Washington ; McKelvy, Ernest C., Washington ; McKenney, R. E. B., Washington ; Mc-
Laughlin, Doctor T. N., Washington ; McNerney, T. H., Washington ; Meinzer, O. E., Wash-
ington ; Merriam, C. Hart, Washington ; Merrill, George P., Washington ; Merritt, L. A.,
Washington ; Millet, F. D., Washington ; Mof fitt, Fred H., Washington ; Mooney, James,
Washington; Moore, C. C, Washington; Moore, John H., Washington; Moseley, George
Van Horn, Washington; Moss, L. J., Washington; Moten, Miss Lucy C., Washington; Mus-
sey, Miss Ellen Spencer, Washington.

Nelson, James A., Washington ; Newell, F. H., Washington ; Nickles, J. M., Washington.
O'Gara, P. J., Washington ; Ognew, P. G., Washington.

Paige, Sidney, Washington-; Palmer, T. S., Washington; Pardee, J. T., Washington;
Park, Miss Louise, Washington ; Parker, E. W., Washington ; Parker, H. N., Washington ;
Patterson, Mrs. F. W., Washington ; Payne, A. S., Washington ; Paxton, Wilson N., Wash-
ington ; Paxton, Mrs. Wilson N., Washington ; Pendexter, Ralph S., Washington ; Pergande,
Theodore, Washington ; Peters, E. T., Washington ; Phalen, W. C., Washington ; Phelps,
Miss Pauline, Pilling, J. W., Washington; Pillsbury, Rear Admiral J. E., Washington;
Pishel, Max A., Washington ; Pittier, H., Washington ; Pratt, J. F., Washington ; Pres-
vitt, George T., M. D., Washington ; Prindle, L. M., Washington ; Prindle, Louis M., Wash-
ington ; Proctor, John C, Washington.

Ramsay, Arthur, Washington ; Ramsburgh, Jesse H., Washington ; Ransome, F. L.,
Washington ; Rathbun, Richard, Washington ; Read, Miss Ef fie A., Washington ; Reeve,
Felix Alexander, Washington ; Reily, Philip Key, Washington ; Richards, R. W., Wash-
ington; Richardson, G. B., Washington; Richardson, Miss Harriet, Washington; Ridgway,
J. L., Washington ; Rittenhaus Rives, Doctor William C, Washington ; Rizer, H. C., Wash-
ington ; Rizer, Miss Ruth, Washington ; Robinson, Miss Frances, Washington ; Roosevelt,
Miss Lilie, Washington ; Roosevelt, Robert B., Washington ; Root, The Honorable Elihu,
Washington; Rosenbusch, Miss Louise A., Washington; Ross, Sam, Washington; Rothermel,
John Jacob, Washington ; Russell, Reverend Monsegnor William L., Washington.

Saunders, J. Moria, Washington ; Schaller, W. T., Washington ; Schley, W. Scott,
Washington ; Schmidt, Miss Charlotte H., Washington ; Schrader, F. C, Washington ;
Schultz, Alfred R., Washington ; Scott, Mrs. Matthew T., Washington ; Seaman, William
H., Washington ; Shadd, Miss Marion P., Washington ; Sharpe, Mrs. Mary A., Washington ;
Shaw, Harry B., Takoma Park; Shear, C. L., Washington; Sherman, Hoyt, Washington;
Shidy, Leland P., Washington ; Shoemaker, C. W., Washington ; Skinner, Aaron N., Wash-
ington ; Slade, Miss Katherine H., Washington ; Smith, Carl D., Washington ; Smith, Miss
Ellen Hamilton, Washington ; Smith, Philip S., Washington ; Smith, Robert Atwater, Wash-
ington ; Snif fen, C. C., U. S. A., Washington ; Snow, Charles C., Washington ; Sosman,
Robert B., Washington ; Spangler, Albert D., Washington ; Stantpn, J. W., Washington ;
Stedman, J. M., Washington ; Steiger, George, Washington ; Stejneger, L., Washington ;
Stephenson, L. W., Washington ; Sternberg, George M., Washington ; Sterrett, D. B., Wash-
ington ; Stetson, G. K., Washington ; Stevenson, J. McAllister, Jr., Washington ; Stewart, J.
McDonald, Washington ; Stoes, G. W., Washington ; Stone, R. W., Washington ; Strong, G.
Veajoy, Washington; Stuart, William, Takoma Park; Sutton, Frank, Washington; Swan-
ton, J. R., Washington ; Swartout, Abram L., Washington ; Sweeney, Thomas W., Wash-
ington.

Talbott, Mrs. Laura O., Washington ; Taylor, L. Stoddard, Washington ; Thiessen,
Reinhardt, Washington ; Thorn, W. T., Washington ; Thomas, Mrs. Ellen, Washington ;
Thompson, Miss Anna E., Washington ; Thompson, Colonel Robert Means, Washington ;
Todd, William Edward, Washington ; Tolson, M. A., Washington ; Torbert, John B., Wash-
ington ; Torbert, William S., Washington ; True, F. W., Washington.

Ulrich, E. O., Washington; Ulrich, Mrs. E. O., Washington.

Van Horn, F. B., Washington ; Van Orstrand, C. E., Washington ; Van Schaick, Rev-
erend John, Jr., Washington ; Vaughan, T. Wayland, Washington Veatch, A. C., Washing-
ton ; Vickery, R. A., Washington ; Vinal, W. Irving, Washington ; Voorhies, S. S., Wash-
ington.

Walcott, Doctor Charles D., Washington ; Walcott, C. D., Washington ; Walsh, Mrs.
Thomas F., Washington ; Weedon, Thomas Augustine, Washington ; Wells, Walter A.,
Washington ; Wheeler, C. V., Washington ; Wheeler, Miss Matilda Ann, Washington ; Whip-
pie, Brigadier General Charles H., U. S. Army, Washington; White, David, Washington;
Wiley, H. W., Washington ; Wilkins, L., Washington ; Wilkinson, A. G., Washington ; Wil-

[170]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

liams, Gardiner F., Washington ; Willis, Bailey, Washington ; Wilson, Downs L., Washing-
ton; Wilson, H. M., Washington; Wilson, Leo, Washington; Worcester, Miss Mabel, Wash-
ington ; Wright, Fred E., Washington ; Wyman, Walter, Washington.
Young, J. A., Washington.

Back, E. A., Orlando ; Bennett, F. M., Key West ; Berger, E. W., Gainesville.

Gary, R. M., Pensacola ; Corry, William Merrill, Quincy.

Davidson, W. H., Quincy.

Foster, J. Clifford R., St. Augustine.

Keppel, H. G., Gainesville; Knight, P. D., Tampa.

Mayer, Alfred G., Tortugas ; McGinnis, R. H., Jacksonville ; Milton, John, Jr., Marianna ;
Wilton, W. H., Marianna.

Rannie, Mrs. Lilie E. Goodloe, Jacksonville ; Read, W. Nash, Pensacola ; Renshaw,
Frank G., M. D., Pensacola; Richtmann, W. O., Satsuma Heights; Roehr, Doctor Charles
G., Fort Pierce.

Smith, Frederic J., Pierce ; Strong, Doctor Frederick F., St. Petersburg.

Weed, Edwin Gardner, Jacksonville ; West, G. M., Panama City.

Yothers, W. W., Orlando.

Cfcotgia

Beeson, J. L., Milledgeville ; Boggs, G. H., Atlanta; Bradley, J. Chester, Atlanta; Brown,
Colonel Julius, Atlanta.

Clark, M. A., Macon ; Cohen, Harry, Collins, Katherine M., M. D., Atlanta.

De Loach, Professor R. J. H., Athens ; Dillon, B. F., Atlanta.

Fleming, James L., Augusta.

Gaines, Frederick Frelinghuysen, Savannah ; Garvin, E. C, Savannah ; Goodrich, Miss
Edith M., Augusta; Goodrich, James H., Augusta; Gurney, Doctor C. H., Rossville.

Horton, Mrs. Corinne S., Atlanta.

Inman, Miss Jennie, Atlanta; Inman, Mrs. Samuel Martin, Atlanta.

Lamar, Mrs. C. P., Augusta.

Martin, William Lyon, Augusta ; McHatton, Doctor Henry, Macon ; McHatton, T. H.,
Athens ; McLendon, C. A., Experiment ; Mell, P. H., Atlanta.

Orme, Doctor F. H., Atlanta.

Sellers, James Freeman, Macon; Slack, Doctor Henry R., La Grange; Smith, Claude A.,
Atlanta ; Stephens, R. P., Athens.

Thomas, Miss Ann, Augusta ; Thomas, Miss Ellen, Augusta ; Thomas, Miss Emily,
Augusta.

von Herrmann, C. F., Atlanta.

Warren, Benjamin, Saint George; Webster, Edgar H., Atlanta; Whitney, Mrs. G. S.,
Augusta; Worsham, E. L., Atlanta.

Jbaljo

Bland, Curtis, M. D., Preston ; Brownell, Marion Harold, Hailey.

Church, Daniel W., Pocatello.

Easton, Stanley A., Kellogg.

Horn, Frank C.,. Twin Falls.

Kimball, Nelson F., Weiser.

Stayner, B. L., Boise.

Illinois*

Abt, Joseph L., Chicago ; Adams, J. Q., Chicago ; Akerlind, G. A., Chicago ; Albright, C.
W., D. C, Danville ; Anderson, Alexander P., Andrews, Clement W., Chicago ; Andrus, John
Archibald, Ashton ; Ash, E. Twells, Chicago ; Atkins, L. R., Chicago ; Austin, H. W., Chicago.

Babcock, E. B., Chicago; Baker, Frank C, Chicago; Balcomb, Jean Bart; Chicago;
Banga, Henry, M. D., Chicago ; Barger, Thomas M., Cicero ; Barnhart, Arthur M., Chicago ;
Cartow, Edward, M. D., Urbana; Bartram, Wheeler, Evanston; Beatty, W. T., Flossmore;

[171]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Becker, Irwin A., Chicago; Beidler, Francis, Chicago; Bevier, Miss Isabel, Urbana; Black,
George Marshall, Oak Park ; Bliss, G. A., Chicago ; Boerner, W. R., Ravinia ; Booth, Amasa
S., Jr., Springfield; Boulton, E. E., M. D., Chicago; Bowman, Louis A., Chicago; Boyce,
James, Chicago ; Bradish, Walter Chambers, Jacksonville ; Brady, William, Chicago ; Brown,
Miss Leila C, Chicago ; Brown, Paul, Chicago ; Bryant, Clifford W., Chicago ; Bryant, Dixie
Lee, Chicago ; Burrill, T. J., Urbana.

Caldwell, C. P., Chicago; Caldwell, F. C, Oak Park; Caldwell, John D., Oak Park;
Campbell, M. R., Chicago ; Carlson, A. J., Chicago ; Carter, Charles W., Clinton ; Cedarburg,
W. A., Rock Island ; Chamberlin, Rollin Thomas, Chicago ; Chamberlin, T. C., Chicago ;
Chenery, William Dodd, Springfield ; Cheney, Charles Edward, Chicago ; Chicago Colony
New England Women, Chicago; Christie, R. J., Quincy ; Clausen, H. P., Chicago; Cole,
W. D., Paris ; Connelly, Henry C., Rock Island ; Cook, Edward, Oak Park ; Cowdry, E. J.,
Chicago ; Crary, Lewis J., Chicago ; Crew, Professor Henry, Evanston ; Culver, Miss Helen,
Chicago ; Curtiss, Richard S., Urbana ; Gushing, F. J., Chicago.

Danforth, George L., Chicago; Davis, Charles Gilbert, Chicago; Dickinson, Charles,
Chicago; Dixon, Miss Kitty, Chicago; Dreyer, George P., Dubs, Rudolf S., M. D., Chicago;
Dunn, Miss Elizabeth H., Chicago.

Eckhart, P. B., Chicago; Eddy, J. M., Berwyn; Ensign, William O., M. D., Rutland;
Ewell, Marshall Davis, Chicago.

Fish, Charles M., Joliet; Fitch, W. H., M. D., Rockford ; Flinn, Lawrence Leon,
Springfield; French, G. H., Carbondale; Fuller, Charles G., Chicago; Fuller, H. C, Chi-
cago ; Futterer, Doctor Gustav, Chicago.

Gerhard, William J., Chicago ; Girault, A. A., Urbana ; Glessner, J. J., Chicago ; Godfrey,
Franklin H., Bloomington; Godfrey, Doctor Henry T., Galena; Golden, Doctor I. J. K.,
Chicago ; Goldthwaite, N. E., Urbana ; Gordin, H. M., Chicago ; Graydon, Thomas J.,
Chicago; Grindley, H. S., Urbana; Gudeman, Edward, Chicago.

Hagenow, C. F., Chicago ; Haines, George M., Durand ; Hall, Doctor Winfield Scott,
Chicago; Harding, A. J., Evanston; Hardy, Cyrus A., Chicago; Harper, R. B., Chicago;
Hawes, C. W., Rock Island: Hayt, Walter V., Chicago; Hegler, Mrs. W. W., Peoria;
Heinemann, P. G., Chicago ; Henius, Max, Chicago ; Herrick, C. Judson, Chicago ; Hessler,
John C., Decatur ; Hodges, C. L., Chicago ; Holmes, Manfred J., Normal ; Hoops, Mrs.
Thomas B., Chicago ; Hopkins, Louis J., Winnetka ; Hoskins, William, Le Grange ; Hottes,
Professor Charles F., Urbana; Hubbard, C. W., Oak Park; Huey, Edmund B., Lincoln;
Hunter, George E., Elgin ; Huntington, Charles Griswold, Chicago ; Huyck, John H.,
Chicago.

Iknayan, N. C., Charleston.

Johnson, Frank S., Chicago; Jordan, Edwin O., Chicago; Judd, Charles H., Ph. D.,
Chicago.

Kelsey, Horatio N., Chicago; Kent, H. R., Chicago; Kent, Ralph C., Chicago; Klaus,
C. F., Chicago; Knipp, Charles T., Urbana; Korssell, Doctor C. F. P., Chicago; Kreider,
George Noble, Springfield ; Kuh, Sydney, M. D., Chicago.

Lake, Richard C., Evanston : Lamb, Charles A., Chicago ; Lane, H. M., Chicago ; Lang-
land, James, Chicago; Lawler, D. F., Green Valley; Logan, F. G., Chicago; Long, J. H.,
Chicago ; Loomis, C. J., Joliet ; Loomis, John H., Chicago ; Lowenstein, Arthur, Chicago ;
Lukens, Herman L., Chicago; Lyman, George A., Amboy.

Mammen, E., M. D., Bloomington ; Manning, John L., Chicago ; Manning, William J.,
Warrenville ; Maynard, Alfred F., Chicago ; McClary, Nelson A., Chicago ; McClellan, John
H., McClelland, Thomas S., Chicago ; MacNeal, Doctor W. J., Urbana ; Michelson, Pro-
fessor A. A., Ph. D., Chicago ; Miller, Charles K., Chicago ; Miller, G. A., Urbana ; Miner,
Reverend E. B., Camp Point; Montgomery, E. B., Quincy; Moore, William J., Chicago:
Moulton, William A., Chicago; Munn, C. H., Springfield.

Nason, William A., Algonquin ; Neal, W. V., Galesburg ; Neiler, Samuel G., Chicago ;
Nof , J. U., Chicago ; Norbury, Frank P., M. D., Hospital ; Noyes, La Verne, Chicago.

Ochsner, Doctor A. J., Chicago; Ohrsur, Doctor Edward H., Chicago; Ostrom, Mrs.
James A., Chicago; Owen, Charles L., Chicago.

Paddock, George E., Prophetstown ; Paddock, H. E., Prophetstown ; Palmer, Claude I.,
Chicago ; Patterson, J. C, M. D., Batavia ; Patterson, C. A., Chicago ; Platt, F. W., Chicago ;'
Podlesak, Henry J., Chicago ; Porter, James F., Hubbard Woods ; Puckner W A Chicago '
Putnam, A. A., Highland Park.

[172]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Rew, Irwin, Chicago ; Richards, W. P., Jerseyville ; Richardson, Louis Gray, Chicago ;
Riddle, Oscar, Chicago ; Robb, Norman King, Robertson, Charles, Carlinville ; Robinson,
L. A., Chicago ; Rudnick, Paul, Chicago ; Rummler, William R., Chicago ; Rutkanskas, An-
thony Kazis, Chicago.

Sachs, Doctor Theodore B., Chicago ; Sargent, Homer B., Chicago ; Schapper, Ferdi-
nand C, Chicago ; Schmidt, Albert H., Chicago ; Schoonmaker, Augustus, ; Schulz, William
F., Urbana ; Scott, G. W., Wyoming ; Seymour, Dudley S., Oak Park ; Shambaugh, George
E., Chicago ; Shattuck, Professor S. W., Champaign ; Shaw, James Byrine, Decatur ; Shep-
herd, John, Chicago ; Siebel, J. E., Chicago ; Simonds, O. C., Chicago ; Slaught, H. E., Chi
cagp ; Slocom, A. W., Chicago ; Smith, Doctor A. E., Freeport ; Smith, Henry T., Chicago ;
Smith, Frank, Urbana ; Smith, George McP., Champaign ; Smith, L. H., Urbana ; Smith, T.
H., Chicago ; Stieglitz, Julius, Chicago ; Stolz, Rabbi Joseph, Chicago ; Swain, Percy M.,
Peoria ; Swain, Verne Lee, Peoria ; Sweet, Frederick E., Chicago.

Talbot, Eugene S., Chicago ; Talbot, John Saunders, Chicago ; Talbot, Marion, Chicago ;
Taylor, Charles H., Chicago ; Teller, Frederick, Chicago ; Thatcher, J. E., ; Thayer, S. A.,
Bloomington ; Tolman, Edgar B., Jr., Chicago ; Torbet, L. K., Chicago ; Tucker, C. E., Joppa ;
Turck, Doctor Fenton B., Chicago; Turnley, Lilbourn G., Lake Forest; Turnley, Colonel
P. T., Highland Park.

Usher, Susannah, Urbana.

Vail, H. S., Chicago.

Wait, Horatio L., Chicago ; Waldron, E. D., Elgin ; Warren, N. H., St. Charles ; Wash-
burn, Edward W., Urbana ; Webb, George D., Chicago ; Webster, Ralph W., Chicago ; West-
cott, C. D., M. D., Chicago; Whitman, C. O., M. D., Chicago; Willette, Mrs. Joseph H.,
Chicago ; Wilson, William L., Chicago ; Winne, W. N. D., Chicago ; Wynekoop, G. H., M. D.,
Chicago.

Zetek, James, Urbana.

Jnfciana

Andrews, Frank Marion, Ph. D., Bloomington ; Archer, Beza, Princeton.

Beede, J. W., Bloomington ; Bitting, Miss Katherine Golden, La Fayette ; Bodine, Don-
aldson, Crawfordsville ; Brooks, Paul P. B., State Line; Bronson, Henry M., Indianapolis;
Brown, H. B., Valparaiso; Bruner, H. L., Indianapolis; Burrage, Severance, La Fayette;
Butler, Amos W., Indianapolis ; Butterfield, A. S., Evansville.

Carter, Doctor Amos, Plainfield ; Clickener, Charles, Silverwood ; Cox, Doctor Edgar,
Kokomo; Cummings, E. R., Bloomington; Cutter, George, South Bend.

Dawson, Charles F., Indianapolis.

Emerson, John Tetestus, Brazil; Evans, P. N., La Fayette; Evans, S. G., Evansville.

Fitch, Charles Byron, Fort Wayne.

Gilbert, Edward, Terre Haute ; Goodrich, Percy Edgar, Winchester ; Green, E. V., M. D.,
Martinsville ; Greene, F. G., New Albany ; Greene, George Kennard, New Albany.

Hamilton, W. A., Terre Haute ; Hanna, Professor Ulysses S., Bloomington ; Hathaway,
Arthur S., Terre Haute ; Heckman, George C., Fort Wayne ; Hessler, Robert, A. M., M. D.,
Logansport ; Hodges, E. W., La Fayette ; Holder, R. E., M. D., Columbus ; Hovey, Charles
James, Mount Vernon ; Hudnut, B. G., Terre Haute.

Johnson, Aaron G., La Fayette.

Kahlo, George D., M. D., French Lick; Kemper, Will W., Muncie.

Lasher, Clinton De Vere, Indianapolis ; Laughlin, C. E., M. D., Evansville ; Logan, Ivy
Green, Martinsville.

McDonald, Daniel, Plymouth ; McKenzie, J. H., Howe ; Millard, Robert, Fort Wayne ;
Mottier, Professor David M., Bloomington ; Myers, Charles, Gosport.

New, Harry S., Indianapolis ; Nichols, William C, Lowell ; Nicholson, Meredith, Indian-
apolis.

Payne, Earl H., Rushville ; Phillips, W. J., La Fayette ; Pulskamp, B., M. D., Rome City.

Robie, Guy Scott, Richmond ; Robie, William J., Richmond.

Sargent, C. S., Indianapolis ; Sargent, James F. T., Indianapolis ; Simons, Lev! L., War-
ren ; Sleeper, F. P., Richmond ; Smith, H. L., Bloomington ; Somes, Henry V., Sr., Vin-
cennes; Spinning, A. L., M. D., Covington.

Taylor, Frank B., Fort Wayne ; Thompson, Walter N., Sulli-van ; Topping, Wilbur,
Terre Haute; Troop, James, La Fayette; Tune, Horace E., Terre Haute.

[173]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Van Hook, J. M., Bloomington.

Wayne R J., Wells, Livingston D., Indianapolis; White, John, Ph. D., Terre Haute;
Williamson, E. B., Bluffton; Willson, O. J., Fort Wayne.

Jotoa

Allen, Madison Clay, Nevada; Andrews, John H., Boone.

Banks, Wesley, Centerville; Beyer, S. W., Ames; Blunt, A. W., M. D., Clinton; Breck
enbridge, R. J., Brooklyn ; Broeksmit, Miss Helen, Cedar Rapids ; Brown, Mrs. Milner, Des
Moines; Bushnell, Drayton Wilson, Council Bluffs.

Calvin, Samuel, Iowa City; Camp, James F., La Porte City; Chesley, Frank Ephraim,
Iowa City; Clark, Reverend Arthur M., Dubuque; Clark, H. Walton, Fairport; Clingan,
William A., Sioux City; Corey, S. A., Hiteman; Cornwell, Loren, Denison; Curtiss, C. F.,
Ames.

Dulany, G. W., Jr., Clinton.

Eaton, F. L., Sioux City; Edmundson, James Depew, Des Moines; Enfield, Charles,
Jefferson; Ewing, H. E., Ames.

Frye, Oscar Bell, Des Moines.

Hamill, David Brown, Keokuk; Hay ward, E. B., Davenport; Herrmann, Richard, Du-
buque; Heustis, Mrs. James Walter, Dubuque; Hill, J. W., Des Moines; Hoffman, A. H.,
Ames; Hollister, F. J., Waterloo; Hooper, Frank B., Colfax.

Jeffs, R. E., Ames; Johnston, Mrs. R. J., Humboldt.

Lane, William A., Guthrie Center; Leffingwell, Mrs. A. M. E., Muscatine.

McKenzie, R. Monroe, Fairfield ; Meigs, M., Keokuk.

Ness, H., Ames.

Page, Professor A. C., Cedar Falls ; Patterson, James Harris, Denison ; Prouty, Lloyd
Wendell, Council Bluffs ; Prouty, Doctor Shirley Brooks, Council Bluffs.

Ross, L. S., Des Moines ; Rume, Wentzle, Cedar Rapids.

Sherman, E. Amelia, A. B., M. D., McGregor ; Soper, Erastus B., Emmetsburg ; Spin-
ney, L. B., Ames; Starbuck, Edwin D., Iowa City; Strong, Jesse Woodhull, Des Moines;
Sumner, Guilford H., Des Moines.

Walker, Carl Roland, Waterloo; Webster, Clement L., Charles City; Wentworth, Ed-
ward N., Ames; Wickham, H. F., Iowa City; Will, Doctor F. J., Des Moines; Williams,
Ira A., Ames; Williams, John C., What Cheer.

Zimmerman, John, Dubuque.

Agrelius, Frank U. G., Lawrence.

Bergen, Frederick Grant, Summerfield; Bergin, Alfred, Lindsborg; Buck, Morrison,
Manhattan.

Clements, Joseph, M. D., Crumbine, S. J., M. D., Topeka.

Davis, Charles S.

Havenhill, L. D., Lawrence.

Jeffrey, Doctor Alexander B., Topeka.

Kelly, E. O. G., Wellington ; Knaus, Warren, McPherson.

Latta, J. M., M. D., Wichita ; Lee, Robert L, Topeka ; Lininger, W. H., Topeka.

Nelson, F. M., Burlingame ; Nighswonger, Frank, Wichita ; Norton, Jonathan D.,
Topeka.

Ozias, Joseph W., Lawrence.

Shelly, E. T., Atchison ; Stauffer, Doctor T. F., Emporia; Sternberg, Charles H.,
Lawrence.

Todd, J. E., Lawrence; Tyler, De Witt C., Clifton.

Woodford, W. D., Topeka.

J&entutty

Ames, Frederic A., Owenstow; Atwood, L. R., Louisville.

Ballard, Fielding M., Covington; Barker, Richard H., Louisville; Breckinbridge. Mrs.
Desha, Lexington; Burton, George Lee, Louisville.

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Clark, Friend E., Danville; Coffman, W. H., Georgetown; Creel, Doctor Milton P.,
Central City.

Dietrich, Charles H., Winchester.

Harris, Alfred Wallace, Louisville; Hayes, F. Eugene, Jr., Louisville; Hillman, S. I.,
Louisville; Hubley, George Wilbur, Louisville.

Kelley, Morriss D., M. D., La Grange.

Marvin, J. B., Louisville.

Ohneck, Miss Velma Mary, Covington.

Pennington, Doctor M., Bertha; Peter, Alfred M., Lexington; Pickett, Thomas E.,
Maysville ; Pope, Curran, M. D., Louisville.

Rodgers, Mrs. Charles G., Covington; Russell, J. M., Paris.

Sanders, Mrs. William Reynale, Covington ; Scovell, M. A., Lexington ; Sherley, Douglas,
Louisville; Shull, Charles A., Lexington; Stillman, H. M., Jr., Lexington.

Tate, J. Waller, Danville; Terry, Alvah L., Louisville; Todd, George D., Louisville.

Watson, J. C, U. S. N., Louisville; Wilson, George H., Louisville; Witherspoon, Mrs.
Lister, Versailles.

EouisStana

Anderson, Professor Douglas S., New Orleans ; Archinard, P. E., M. D., New Orleans.

Barber, T. C, New Orleans; Beattie, Charlton R., Thibodaux; Beers, Harris Walker,
New Orleans; Brian, Alexis, New Orleans; Brice, The Honorable A. G., New Orleans.

Chaille, Stanford E., M. D., New Orleans.

Dalrymple, Professor W. H., Baton Rouge; Dock, George, M. D., New Orleans; Down-
man, Robert H., New Orleans; Dyer, Isadore, M. D., New Orleans; Dyer, J. M., Morgan
City.

Garrett, J. B., Baton Rouge; Gautreaux, Miss Doriska, New Orleans.

Harper, Dover, New Orleans; Henry, S. L., M. D., New Orleans.

Knapp, Arthur, Houma.

Leverson, M. R., New Orleans.

Matas, Rudolph, New Orleans ; Moore, Charles V., Schirever.

Pescud, Peter F., New Orleans ; Pharr, John A., Berwick.

Robinson, H. W., New Orleans.

Sawyer, Reverend John Talbott, LL. B., D. D., New Orleans; Scott, Mrs. John Pinck-
ney, Shreveport : Slack, A. L., Tallulah ; Smith, William Benjamin, New Orleans.

Van Dine, D. L., New Orleans.

Weis, Joseph D., M. D., New Orleans ; Williamson, Roland, Shreveport.

Youree, Mrs. Mary R. A., Shreveport.

St^ainr

Arthur, Marion Abrahams, South Poland.

Bartlett, J. M., Orono; Bassett, Norman L., Augusta; Birch, Miss Ida,; Boyd, Charles
Harrod, Portland; Britt, Richard H., Rockland; Brown, Mrs. John Marshall, Portland.

Candidates Class of Girls', Bar Harbor ; Chase, George C., Lewiston ; Chester, Web-
ster, Waterville; Church, Henry J., Portland; Colonial Dames of the State of Maine, Port-
land ; Copeland, Manton, Brunswick ; Corning, Mrs. Clarence A., Portland ; Craig, Wallace,
Orono; Cressey, Ernest W., Buxton.

Davis, Thomas McParlin, South Poland ; Day, J. H., Portland ; Dolliver, Mrs. Ella S.,
Scarsport ; Drew, Gilman A., Orono ; Drew, Merrill N., Portland ; Drummond, Everett R.,
Waterville ; Dyer, Tho'mas F., Foxcroft.

Ellis, William G., Gardiner; Emerson Grammar School, Bar Harbor; Engel, Mrs.
William, Bangor.

Fairbanks, H. N., Bangor ; Finney, Miss Mary Elizabeth, South Poland ; Folsom-Jones,
Charles, Skowhegan ; Folsom, Mrs. David, South Poland ; Frye, William P., Lewiston.

Gardner, Fred L., Dennysville ; Gardner, R. F., Caribou ; Gordon, Seth Chase, M. D.,
LL. D., Portland; Gregory, Miss Evelyn Carolyn, South Poland.

Hale, Oliver G., Augusta; Hanson, H. H., Orono; Harvey, Chandler C., Fort Fair-
field; Harvey, A. B., Bath; Holt, Doctor E. E., Portland; Hutchings, E. F., Waterville;
Hutchins, C. C, Brunswick.

[175]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Johnston, Edward Everett, South Poland; Jones, Roswell, South Poland; Jordan, Fritz
H., Portland ; Jordan, Lyman G., Lewiston.

Kallcch, Charles M., Rockland ; Kendall, Alfred A., Portland ; Kendall, W. B., Bowdoin-
ham ; King, H. P., Portland.

Lewis, George, South Berwick ; Lewis, Miss Jane Catherine, South Poland : Lewis,
Philip P., Gorham; Literary Club of Bar Harbor, Bar Harbor; Lyon, Rear Admiral Henry
M., Paris.

Maling, H. M., Portland ; Maltbie, Miss Margaret McCurley, South Poland ; Manning,
Prentice C, Portland ; Marsh, Dexter Henry, South Poland ; Matthews, Francis Dukehart,
South Poland ; McCeney, George Bowie, South Poland ; McCeney, Robert Sadler, South
Poland; McCurley, Miss Kate Stran, South Poland; McCurley, William Stran, South Po-
land; Mixer, Charles A., Rumford; Moody, William A., Brunswick; Morrell, Herbert Nel-
son, South Poland ; Motley, E. A., Portland ; Munoz, William Parke Curtis, South Poland.

Noyes, H. Wallace, Portland.

Pancoast, Omar, South Poland ; Parker, Miss Anne Brererton, South Poland ; Parker,
Francis Jameson, South Poland ; Parker, William Jameson, South Poland ; Parmenter,
George F., Ph. D., Waterville ; Payson, Mrs. Herbert, Portland ; Perkins, Arthur W., Farm-
ington ; Perry, Jarvis Crochett, Rockland.

Rich, Charles M., Bangor ; Ricker, Mrs. Amelia A., South Poland ; Ricker, Edward Pay-
son, Jr., South Poland ; Ricker, James Westley, South Poland ; Russell, Albert, Portland ;
Russell, E. W., M. D., Lewiston.

Sampson, Moses Henry, Portland ; Sargent, Paul D., Augusta ; Scannell, Mrs. Joseph
W., Lewiston ; Seawards, Horace Mitchell, Frittery Point ; Shaw, Frank K., Waterville ;
Smith, A. Ledyard, Madison : Spear, Fred R., Rockland ; Stubbs, Albert R., Portland ; Stur-
gis, John, M. D., Auburn ; Summers, Thomas Stran, South Poland.

Talbot, Harlan Maxwell, Bangor ; Thomas, Miss Ruth Stran, South Poland ; Thomson,
Ferris, South Poland ; Thomson, Roszel Cathcart, South Poland ; Thomson, William Edward,
South Poland ; Tubbs, Frank Dean; Lewiston.

Walker, Elmer Frank, South Poland: Whittier, Frank N., Brunswick; Wilson, J.
Howard, M. D., Castine; Woods, Charles D., Orono.

Baker, B. N., Baltimore ; Barker, Lewellys F., Baltimore ; Bartlett, Harley Harris, Beth-
esda; Base, Daniel, Baltimore; Bates, James W., Baltimore; Bergland, Major Eric, Balti-
more : Bernard, Alfred D., Baltimore ; Bicknell, Reverend Jesse Richards, Baltimore ; Black,
H., Crawford, Baltimore ; Blackiston, A. Hooton, Cumberland ; Bloodgood, Joseph C., Bal-
timore ; Boulden, Charles N., Baltimore ; Bowyer, J. M., Annapolis ; Breckenbridge, Henry
S., Baltimore ; Broadrup, George L., M. D., Cumberland ; Brodel, Max, Baltimore : Brod-
erick, D. I., Catonsville ; Burbank, John E., Cheltenham ; Bussey, Robert H., Towson.

Cattell, Daniel Webster, Baltimore: Coad, J. F., Charlotte Hall; Cohen, A., Baltimore;
Corning, Charles F., Baltimore ; Cowles, R. P., Baltimore ; Crosby, W. W., Baltimore ;
Crouch, Mrs. J. Frank, Baltimore; Cullen, Victor F., State Sanatorium; Gushing, Doctor
Harvey, Baltimore.

Dallam, Henry Gough, Baltimore; Dashiell, Doctor N. L., Baltimore; De Baufre, Wil-
liam L., Baltimore ; Derr, Eugene Leugenbeel, Frederick City ; Derr, John S., Roland Park.

Edmunds, Charles K., Baltimore ; Egerton, John B., Ellicott City ; Ellicott, Mrs. William,
Baltimore ; Elmer, George H., Baltimore.

Field, I. A., Westminster; Follis, Doctor R. H., Baltimore; Friedenwald, Doctor Harry,
Baltimore.

Gardner, Miss Julia, Baltimore; Garrett, Robert, Baltimore; Glaser, C., Baltimore;
Goldman, Marcus I., Baltimore ; Gorter, Nathan R., Baltimore : Grave, Caswell, Baltimore ;
Graves, William B., Baltimore ; Grindall, Doctor Charles S., Baltimore.

Hachtel, F. W., Baltimore; Halsted, Doctor W. S., Baltimore: Hamman, Doctor Louis,
Baltimore; Hanly, William W., Cumberland: Heops, William James, Baltimore; Hirsch-
felder, A. D., M. D., Baltimore ; Hirshberg, Doctor L. K., Baltimore : Hits, Drayton Meade,
Baltimore; Hodgdon, Doctor Alexander L., Pearson; Holland, W. W., Baltimore; Homer,
Harry L., Baltimore; Hunner, Guy Leroy, M. D., Baltimore.

Innidle, W. B., Baltimore.

[I76]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Jacobs, Doctor Henry Barton, Baltimore ; Jenkins, E. Austin, Baltimore ; Jones, Albert,
Baltimore; Jones, Arthur L., Baltimore; Jones, C. Hampson, Baltimore.

Kendig, C. R., Baltimore ; Kierle, N. G., M. D., Baltimore ; Knox, Doctor J. H. M., Jr.,
Baltimore.

Lamed, Charles W., Baltimore; Lawford, J. M., Baltimore; Lemley, C. McC, Balti-
more ; Levering, Robert M., Baltimore.

Martin, Frank, M. D., Baltimore ; Maryland Line Chapter, Daughters of the American
Revolution, Baltimore; Maryland Society Sons of American Revolution, Baltimore; Max-
well, William Steele, Still Pond ; McCammon, Joseph Kay, third, Chevy Chase ; McGlannan,
Doctor Alexius, Baltimore; Mellus, E. Lindon, Baltimore; Miller, Frank Z., Westminster;
Moore, Benjamin P., Baltimore.

Neilson, R. Musgrave, Baltimore; Newcomber, Benjamin Franklin, Baltimore; Norton.
J. B. S., College Park.

Orem, William L., Baltimore.

Page, Miss Virginia Dandridge, Baltimore ; Parke, R. Abner, Westminster ; Patterson,
H. J., College Park ; Paul, Professor H. M., U. S. N., Annapolis ; Penrose, Doctor Clement
A., Baltimore; Perry, Thomas, Port Deposit; Pole, R. C, Baltimore; Post, J. E. H., Balti-
more; Potts, Thomas G., Baltimore; Prince, Charles L., Baltimore.

Reynolds, George B., M. D., Baltimore; Riggs, A. R., Baltimore; Riggs, J. B., Catons-
ville ; Riggs, Lawrason, Baltimore ; Rohde, Miss Alice, Baltimore ; Rohrer, C. W. G., M. D.,
Baltimore; Russell, Bert, Forest Glen.

Schenck, Charles C., Baltimore ; Sellman, Doctor W. A. B., Baltimore ; Shoemaker, Mrs.
Edward, Baltimore ; Shriver, Henry, Cumberland ; Silvester, R. W., College Park ; Simon,
Doctor W., Catonsville; Siemens, J. Morris, Baltimore; Smith, Doctor Henry Lee, Balti-
more ; Smith, Laytpn F., Baltimore ; Stevens, Eugene E., Chevy Chase ; Stirling, Yates,
Baltimore ; Stockbridge, Henry, Baltimore ; Stockbridge, Henry, third, Baltimore ; Stran,
Mrs. Thomas Parramore, Baltimore.

Thomas, H. M., Baltimore; Thomas, J. Bosley, Baltimore; Thomas, John B., Balti-
more; Thomas Johnson Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Baltimore; Thomp-
son, Miss Elizabeth Y., Baltimore.

Voshell, J. K., Baltimore.

Washington-Custis Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Baltimore ; Webb,
Francis Lae, Baltimore ; Weems, Mrs. R. A. D., Oakland ; Wellington, A. G., Baltimore ;
White, Richard J., Baltimore ; Whiting, Henry Augustus, Baltimore ; Wilcox, Henry B.,
Baltimore; Williams, George H., Baltimore; Williams, W. F., Annapolis; Wilson, Gordon,
M. D., Baltimore.

Young, Hugh H., M. D., Baltimore.

Abbot, Edwin H., Jr., Cambridge; Abbot, E. Stanley, Waverley; Abbott. Doctor Ed-
ward Stanley, Belmont ; Adams, A. C., Boston ; Adams, Professor C. A., Cambridge ; Adams,
Frank Sydney, Brookline ; Adams, Doctor James F. A., Pittsfield ; Adams, John W., Meth-
uen; Albrer, Edward C., Swampscott; Alcott, William P., Boxford ; Alden, Ralph P., Spring-
field ; Allen, Miss E. W., Boston ; Allen, Doctor Gardner Weld, Boston ; Allen, Mrs. Ralph,
Roxbury ; Ames, Oakes, North Easton ; Amsden, F. D., Brookline ; Andrew, Miss Edith,
Boston ; Andrews, H. L., Woburn ; Anthony, Reed P., Boston ; Appleton, Captain Charles
B., Brookline; Appleton, William Sumner, Boston; Armington, S. W., Holden ; Arms,
B. L., M. D., Boston.

Bacheller, E. F., Lynn ; Bacon, A. L., Roxbury ; Bacon, Augustus, Boston ; Bacon, Doc-
tor Jonas Edward, Brockton; Bagg, Aaron, Jr., West Springfield; Bailey, Alvin R., Boston;
Bailey, James R., Lawrence ; Baker, Doctor David Erastus, Newtonville ; Balch, Francis Noyes,
Boston ; Barron, C. E., Westminster ; Basset, G. C, Worcester ; Bassett, Charles Howard, Wor-
cester ; Batchelder, Geo. H., Lynn ; Bates, Frederick Russell, Melrose ; Bates, Samuel, Boston ;
Bates, Walter C., Jamaica Plains ; Beach, H. H. A., Boston ; Beardsell, George Richardson,
Lynn ; Beckford, F. S., Beverly ; Beckley, Doctor Chester Charles, Lancaster ; Becknell,
G. G., Worcester; "The Bee" (Sewing Class), Cambridge; Benecke, A. O., Foxboro; Ben-
neson, Miss Cora A., Cambridge; Berry, John C., Worcester; Bisbee, William H., Boston;
Bixby, Joseph S., Lynn ; Blaisdell, Charles E., Lowell ; Blaisdell, Doctor George Warren,

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Manchester; Blake, Clarence John, Boston; Blodgett, Edward E., Boston; Blood, Arthur
J., Lynn ; Blunt, Stanhope E., Springfield ; Boardman, Doctor Waldo E., Boston ; Bodge,
George M., West Roxbury; Boling, George E., Brockton; Booth, Miss M. A., Springfield;
Born, R. C, Longmeadow ; Boston Turnverein, Boston ; Boutwell, Doctor Horace Keith,
Boston ; Bowditch, G. M., Chelsea ; Bowers, Doctor Walter Prentice, Clinton ; Bowman,
Henry Hubbard, Springfield ; Boylston-Schul-Verein, Boston ; Brackett, John G., Boston ;
Brackett, J. R., Boston ; Brewster, Doctor George Washington, Boston ; Briggs, Doctor
Edward Cornelius, Boston; Briggs, William C., Boston; Brinckerhoff, W. R., Boston;
Brooks, Ethan, West Springfield ; Brooks, L. Loring, Boston ; Brooks, Peter C., Boston ;
Brown, Charles A., Lowell; Brown, Charles A., Lynn; Brown, Leroy S., Lexington; Brown,
Doctor Lloyd Thornton, Boston ; Brown, Doctor Percy Emerson, Boston ; Bryant, A. S.,
Springfield; Bryant, Owen, Cohasset; Burchmore, George D., Maiden; Burgess, Mrs. Starl-
ing, Marblehead ; Burke, Charles E., Pittsfield ; Burleigh, Charles B., Maiden ; Burley, Ben-
jamin T., M. D., Worcester ; Burrage, Archie H., Boston ; Butterfield, Arthur D., Wor-
cester ; Buxton, Frank W., Worcester ; Byrne, Charles Augustus, Hatfield.

Cabot, Doctor Arthur Tracy, Canton ; Calkins, C. H., Springfield ; Cannon, Walter B.,
Boston ; Carhart, Paul W., Springfield ; Carley, Alfred G., Northampton ; Carter, Charles H.,
Needham ; Carter, Charles N., Needham ; Carter, Edwin A., Springfield ; Carter, Miss Nellie,
Boston; Cartotto, Hercules, Boston; Cervell, Edwin T., Dorchester; Chamberlain, Henry
G., Chelsea ; Chandler, Doctor Thomas Evans, Boston ; Channing, Doctor Walter, Brook-
line ; Chapin, Clifford S., Great Barrington ; Chase, M. W., Lynn ; Cheever, Doctor David
Williams, Boston; Chester, Charles Edward, Boston ; Choate, Isaac B., Boston; Clapp, Charles
H., Boston ; Clapp, Doctor Howard, Boston ; Clark, Chester W., Boston ; Clark, E. A., Pitts-
field ; Clark, Horace L., Easthampton ; Clark, John E., Springfield ; Clark, Leonard B., M. D.,
Waverly ; Cobb, Doctor Frederick Codman, Boston ; Cohren, Joseph B. V., Lowell ; Colby,
Arthur D., Lowell; Conant, Charles H., Lowell; Conant Doctor Thomas, Gloucester; Cone,
Doctor Dwight E., Fall River ; Cone, Frank Whithed, Cambridge ; Cook, Ebed Stoddard,
North Scituate ; Coolidge, F. S., M. p., Pittsfield ; Cooper, Jacob Francis, Brockton ; Cope-
land, Doctor Horatio Franklin, Whitman ; Corey, Edwin Henry, Jr., Newton Highlands ;
Cousens, Elmer Ellsworth, Boston ; Craigin, Doctor George Arthur, Boston ; Crane, Bayard
T., M. D., Rutland ; Crapo, William W., New Bedford ; Crocker, George G., Boston ; Crocker,
Doctor Susan Elizabeth, Boston ; Crockett, Doctor Eugene Anthony, Boston ; Crosby, John C.,
Pittsfield; Crosby, W. O., Boston; Crosby, William S., Brookline; Cross, Professor C. R.,
Boston ; Cummings, Mrs. Charles A., Boston ; Curtis, Miss Ellen Sears, Boston ; Cushman,
Doctor Ella R. Wylie, Boston; Cutler, Doctor Elbridge Gerry, Boston.

Daggett, H. C, Boston; Daly, Doctor M. Ordway, Boston; Dana, Edmund T., Cam-
bridge; Danby, John D., Dorchester; Daniels, Doctor Edwin Alfred, Boston; Danielson,
Miss C. M., Boston ; Davenport, F. H., Boston ; Davis, Bradley M., Cambridge ; Davis, Hon-
orable Charles Thornton, Boston ; Davis, Natt A., Lowell ; Davis, Nathaniel A., Lowell ;
Davis, W. M., Cambridge ; Deane, John M., Fall River ; Demnler, Fred A., Boston ; Denig,
Doctor Blanche A., Boston ; Derby, Miss Helen Maria Booth, Springfield ; Devens, William,
Roslindale ; Dewick, F. A., Boston ; Dinsmore, M. L., Springfield ; Dixon, Doctor Lewis
Seaver, Boston ; Dodd, George L., Roxbury ; Dohmen, F. J., Cambridge ; Dorr, Doctor Henry
I., Boston ; Dow, Joseph, Cambridge ; Dow, Richard S., Boston ; Drew, Herbert S., North
Cambridge; Durkee, Frank W., Tufts College; Durrell, Harold Clarke, Cambridge.

Eldridge, Colonel Edward H., Boston ; Eldridge, Edric, Boston ; Eliot, Charles W., Cam-
bridge ; Ellis, F. W., M. D., Monson ; Ellsworth, George Albert, Boston ; Emerson, Doctor
Nathaniel W., Boston ; Endicott, Eugene F., Chelsea ; Evans, Edgar I., Brookline ; Eveleth,
Doctor Edward Smith, East Gloucester.

Fall, George Howard, Maiden ; Farlow, Harry, Roxbury ; Farwell, Lorenzo Chase, Dor-
chester; Faulkner, Miss Margaret, Pittsfield: Fenner, John K., Hopedale ; Ferber, Jacob
Bernard, Boston; Fernald, Charles A., M. D., Boston; Fernard, C. H., Amherst; Fessenden,
Edward Stanley, Arlington ; Field, Vernon Ashley, Chelsea ; Fisk, Everett O., Boston ; Fiske,
Miss Gertrude, Boston ; Fitz, Doctor R. H., Boston ; Flanders, Dana J., Maiden ; Forbes,
Alexander, Milton ; Forbes, Doctor Alexander, Milton ; Forbes, Amelia, Milton ; Forbes,
Mrs. J. Malcolm, Woods Hole ; Forbush, Frank M., Boston ; Fox, Russell, Lowell ; Franklin
P. Shemway Co., Boston ; Fraser, Doctor John Chisholm. East Weymouth ; Freundschaft,
Loge D. O. H., Hyde Park ; Fuller, Daniel H., M. D., Boston ; Fuller, William, Auburndale ;
Furness, Dawes Eliot, Boston.

Gaff, Thomas T., Osterville ; Gage, Homer, Worcester ; Gallagher, Charles T., Boston ;

[178]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Gallagher, Edward Biskeley, Dorchester; Garfield, James F. D., Fitchburg; Gates, Samuel
P., Bridgewater; Gay, Frederick P., Boston; Geisse, W. F. G., Great Barrington; Germania
Lodge, F. & A. M., Roxbury ; Gerrish, Orville Knight, Lakeville ; Gilbert, Ralph D., Boston ;
Gill, Augustus H., Boston; Ginn, Doctor David Richard, Dennisport; Glidden, George B.,
Dighton ; Godfrey, Mrs. C. O., Boston ; Goodale, Doctor Joseph Lincoln, Boston ; Goodwin,
H. M., Boston; Goodwin, William H., Dedham; Gordon, Doctor John Alexander, Quincy;
Gould, Edwin C, Melrose ; Gould, George L., Maiden ; Gould, Levi S., Melrose ; Graham,
Douglas, M. D., Boston ; Graham, James C., Andover ; Grainger, Doctor William Henry, East
Boston ; Gray, Francis Alonzo, Winter Hill ; Green, Charles M., M. D., Boston ; Greene, Levi
R., Boston ; Griffin, Doctor Arthur George, Maiden ; Griffin, Frederica, Methuen ; Grossman,
Charles A., Amherst ; Grover, Theodore, Revere ; Gould, George B., Chelsea ; Gutterson,
George P., Beverly.

Haines, John, Waltham ; Hall, Charles T., Lowell ; Hall, Doctor H. Porter, Leominster ;
Halloran, Doctor Michael J., Worcester; Hanus, Paul H., Cambridge; Harding, Doctor
George Franklin, Boston ; Harleston, Edwin A., Boston ; Harrington, Elmer A., Williams-
town ; Harrington, Doctor Francis Bishop, Boston ; Hastings, Frank W., Cambridge ; Haw-
ley, William D., Maiden ; Haynes, Winthrop P., Hyde Park ; Hayward, Fred P., Boston ;
Hayward, G. Warren, Dorchester ; Hayward, Jonathan P., East Braintree ; Heath, Edwin L.,
Boston ; Hemenway, Miss Clara, Boston ; Henchman, Miss Annie P., Cambridge ; Hender-
son, George D., M. D., Holyoke ; Hersey, Charles H., Roxbury ; Hicks, Reverend L. W.,
Wellesley; Hinkley, R. H., Boston; Hite, Lewis Field, Cambridge; Hodgdon, Charles Ells-
worth, Swampscott; Hoff, Mrs. William Bainbridge, Boston; Holland, Bert E., Boston;
Hood, William O., Davenport; Horton, Major E. S., Attleboro; Houghton, C. S., M. D.,
Boston ; Houghton, Richard H., M. D., East Boston ; Howard, Alfred H., Boston ; Howe,
David, Rockland ; Howe, Elmer P., Boston ; Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, Boston ; Howe, Doctor
Oliver Hunt, Cohasset ; Howe, Walter C., M. D., Boston ; Howland, Shepard, Cambridge ;
Huie, Herbert E., Springfield ; Hull, James Wells. Pittsfield ; Humphreys, Richard C., Bos-
ton ; Huntoon, George L., Lowell ; Hutchinson, E. B., Cambridge ; Hyams, Miss Isabel F.,
Dorchester ; Hyde, Charles Henry, Maiden ; Hyde, Miss Mary Elizabeth, Springfield.

Ines, Miss Helen B., Boston.

Jack, Professor John G., Jamaica Plains; Jackson, W. Harold, Boston; Jenkins, Mrs.
George Otis, Whitman ; Jenks, Elisha T., Middleboro ; Jenney, Bernard, South Boston ; Jen-
ney, Walter, Johns, Francis H., Nahant ; Johnson, Charles W., Boston ; Johnson, Emery W.,
Salem ; Johnson, Frederick W., Boston ; Johnson, Melville E., Lynn ; Johnson, Doctor Peer
Prescott, Beverly; Jones, Boyd B., Boston; Jones, Doctor Daniel Fiske, Boston; Joslin, Doc-
tor Elliott Proctor, Boston.

Keene, Paul M., Lynn ; Kellen, William V., Boston ; Kelley, James Edward, Boston ; Kel-
man, John H., Brant Rock ; Kendrick, Arthur, Newton ; Kerr, C. H., Southbridge ; Kidder,
Nathaniel T., Milton; Kilburn, Doctor Henry Whitman, Boston; Kimball, A. L., Amherst;
Kimball, Herbert W., Boston ; Kinnicutt, Leonard P., Worcester ; Kinnicut, Doctor Roger,
Worcester; Kittridge, Miss Hannah A., North Andover.

Laird, Miss Elizabeth R., South Hadley ; Lane, A. C., Boston ; Lanza, Gaetano, Boston ;
Lawrence, Doctor Robert Means, Boston ; Lawton, Honorable Frederick, Boston ; Leete,
Theodore W., Longmeadow ; Leland, G. A., M. D., Boston ; Leonard, Frederick M., Win-
throp ; Leonard, F. M., Winthrop ; Lewis, Frederic T., Cambridge ; Lewis, George L., West-
field ; Libby, Charles F., Lowell ; Lilly, John M., Weston ; Lincoln, Francis H., Boston ;
Lipke, Joseph, Boston ; Litchfield, Wilford Jacob, Boston : Littlefield, Charles Clement,
South Boston ; Lloyd, Henry W., Springfield ; Locke, C. B., Cambridge ; Locke, Edwin C.,
M. D., Boston ; Locke, Isaac H., Belmont ; Logan, Robert, Boston ; Lord, Samuel C., Pea-
body ; Lovett, Doctor Robert Williamson, Boston; Low, David H., Gloucester; Lowell, Miss
Lucy, Boston ; Lyman, Mrs. Ada Schermerhorn, Springfield : Lyon, David G., Cambridge.

MacKay, Doctor Gurdon R., Boston; Mahoney, Doctor Stephen Andrew, Holyoke;
Maiden Turnverein, Maiden ; Mallory, F. B., Boston ; Mandell, Samuel Pierce, Boston ; Mar-
con, John B., Princeton ; Marion, Horace E., M. D., Boston ; Marrett, Miss Edna, Brookline ;
Marsh, Francis, Dedham; Marshall, Isaac N., Wareham ; Martin, Miss E. N., South Hadley;
Martin, Waldo A., Milton ; Mason, Harvey, Jr., Melrose ; Mason, H. C., Boston ; Maynard,
Herbert F., Boston ; McGown, A. B., Worcester ; McGown, Joseph E., Clinton ; McGown,
Joseph & Son, Clinton ; Mead, Adelbert F., Boston ; Mead, Doctor Julian Augustus, Water-
town ; Means, John H., South Boston ; Mercy Warren Chapter, Daughters of the American
Revolution, Springfield ; Merrill, Doctor William Howe, Lawrence ; Miles, George W.,

[179]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Boston; Miller, Edith Louise, Wakefield; Minns, Miss Susan, Boston; Mixter, Doctor S. J.,
Boston; Mixter, Doctor William Jason, Boston; Moeckel, Mrs. M., Maiden; Monks, Doctor
George Howard, Boston; Moody, Benjamin, Boston; Moore, Doctr Enos W., Maiden; Mor-
gan, Paul B., Worcester ; Morison, Miss Nancy Olive, Boston ; Morrell, George Corydon,
Boston ; Morrison, Alva, Braintree ; Morse, Robert M., Boston ; Morseley, John Graham,
Boston; Munro, John C, M. D., Boston; Munsterburg, Hugo, Cambridge: Murdock, John,
Boston; Murphy, John J. A., Dorchester; Murphy, Miss Randall, Boston.

Nagle, Frank L., Boston ; Nash, Nathaniel C., Cambridge ; Newell, Claude P., Brook-
line; Newhall, Charles L., Southbridge; Newhall, T. A., Lynn; Nickerson, Walter I., Mel-
rose ; Norton, Doctor Eben Carver, Norwood ; Noyes, Arthur A., Boston.

Oakman, Henry P., Boston ; Oakman, Henry Phillips, Neponset ; Ogden, Hugh W., Bos-
ton ; Old Essex Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, Lynn ; Olmsted, John C., Brook-
line ; Olney, L. A., Lowell ; Osborn, Miss Marion B., Middleton ; Osgood, Doctor Robert
Bayley, Boston ; Otis, Nerbert Foster, Brookline ; Otis, Doctor Walter Joseph, Boston ;
Ottley, Miss Alice M., Wellesley ; Overlock, M. G., M. D., Worcester.

Page, Doctor Calvin Gates, Boston ; Page, Dudley L., M. D., Lowell ; Page, Mrs. Nellie
K., Lowell ; Page, Walter Gilman, Boston ; Paine, Doctor Nathaniel Emmons, West Newton ;
Palache, Charles, Cambridge ; Palfrey, Doctor Francis Winslow, Boston ; Palmer, Honorable
Moses P., Groton ; Pan-Hellenic Union of America, Boston ; Park, Miss Edith, Brookline ;
Parker, Charles S., Arlington ; Parker, G. H., Cambridge ; Parker, Herbert, Boston ; Parker,
Walter E., Lawrence; Parker, William Lincoln, Boston; Parkhurst, Charles E., Somerville ;
Parlin, Frank E., Cambridge ; Parsons, Charles Sumner, Boston ; Parsons, Samuel B., Wor-
cester ; Parsons, William Emerson, Gloucester ; Parsons, William E., Springfield ; Patten,
Miss Jane B., South Natick ; Pauliub, Lucius F., Lowell ; Payne, Doctor George H., Boston ;
Pear, Charles M., Cambridge ; Pearson, Arthur Emmons, Roxbury ; Peirson, Frank E.,
Pittsfield; Pendleton, Miss Ellen F., Wellesley; Pepper, Ellis S., Boston; Percy, Doctor
George E., Salem ; Perkins, Edward C., Boston ; Perry, Ernest, Brookline ; Perry, Thomas
S., Boston ; Peterson, Lawrence B., Somerville ; Phillip, R. A., Boston ; Phillips, John C.,
Wenharn ; Pickering, Edward C., Cambridge ; Pickman, D. L., Boston ; Pierce, Alfred, Bos-
ton ; Pierce, A. H., Northampton ; Pierce, C. H., Northampton ; Pierce, Roscoe ; Pierson,
Charles Lawrence, Boston ; Pillsbury, Albert E., Boston ; Pillsbury, William H. C., Brook-
line; Pittay, John C. S., New Bedford; Pooke, Miss Marion, Natick; Pope, William Carroll,
Boston; Porter, J. P., Worcester; Porter, Thomas L., Worcester; Potter, Doctor William
H., Boston ; Pratt, Doctor Charles Augustus, New Bedford ; Pratt, F. H., M. D., Wellesley ;
Priest, John F., Auburndale ; Prince, C. J., Boston ; Pritchard, W. P., Fall River ; Puffer,
H. C., Springfield ; Putnam, F. W., Cambridge : Putnam, Samuel H., Worcester.

Read, Charles F., Boston ; Read, Robert L., Maiden ; Read, Mrs. R. M., West Medford ;
Reed, Lynnel, Magnolia ; Render, Alfred, Jamaica Plains ; Rhodes, James Ford, Boston ;
Rice, F. H., Millbury ; Rice, George Maury, Worcester ; Richards, Mrs. Ellen H., Boston ;
Richards, Theodore W., Cambridge ; Richards, Mrs. Waldo, Boston ; Richards, William D.,
Winchester ; Richardson, G. K., Boston ; Richardson, Doctor Maurice Howe, Boston ; Rich-
ardson, Russell, Brookline; Richardson, William K., Boston; Ripley, Ebed L., Boston; Ripley,
Doctor Frederick Jerome, Brockton ; Ripley, Fred J., M. D., Brockton ; Roak, Millbury F.,
Dorchester ; Robbins, Charles M., West Harwich ; Roberts, Miss Charlotte F., Wellesley ;
Roberts, Leonard G., Boston ; Robertson, Miss Alice, Wellesley ; Robertson, W. R. B., Cam-
bridge; Robinson, H. S., Andover; Robinson, John, Salem; Robinson, Roswell R., Maiden;
Rogers, Mrs. William Barton, Boston ; Ropes, Miss Elizabeth, Salem ; Rotch, Doctor Thomas
Morgan, Soston ; Roth, Otto, Boston ; Russell, H. S., Pittsfield.

Salinger, Alexander D., Newtonville ; Saltonstall, Leverett, Boston ; Saltonstall, Miss
Muriel, Boston ; Saltonstall, Miss Nora, Boston ; Saltonstall, Master Richard, Boston ;
Saltonstall, Mrs. Richard M., Chestnut Hill; Sands, Louis Joseph, Boston; Sanford, Doctor
Edmund Clark, Worcester ; Savage, George Hubbard, Worcester ; Savory, George E., Aller-
ton ; Sawtell, Frank M., Boston ; Sawtelle, William O., Cambridge ; Sawyer, Frank E., New-
tonville ; Sawyer, Frederic Hayward, Boston ; Sayles, Robert W., Chestnut Hill ; Scribner,
Charles F., Greenfield ; Sears, Doctor George G., Boston ; Sears, Henry F., Beverly ; Seaver,
Francis E., Cambridge ; Seaver, Henry M., Pittsfield ; Sharpies, Stephen, Boston ; Shattuck,
Doctor Frederick Cheever, Boston; Shaw, Charles Russell, Cambridge; Shaw, Henry L.,
M. D., Boston ; Shaw, Miss S. W., Boston ; Sheffield, G. S. J., Attleboro ; Sheldon, Doctor
Chauncey Coolidge, Lynn ; Sheldon, Jennie Arms, Deerfield ; Shepard, Mrs. George, Brook-
line; Sherman, Doctor C. T., Quincy; Shinier, Professor H. W., Boston; Shockley, Doctor

[180]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

A. L., New Bedford ; Sibley, Charles Willard, Athol ; Simes, Olive, Boston , Slmes, Mrs. Wil-
liam, Boston ; Sise, Doctor Lincoln Fleetford, Medford ; Slade, Elisha, Somerset ; Slocum,
Miss Anna D., Jamaica Plains ; Slocum, Miss Laura, Jamaica Plains ; Smith, Edward F.(
Boston; Smith, H. Carlton, Natick; Smith, H. H., Holyoke; Smith, H. P., Boston; Smith,
James Henry, Methuen ; Smith, Doctor M. C., Lynn ; Smith, Sedgwick, Cambridge ; Smith,
Theobald, Jamaica Plains; Smith, William H., Springfield; Snow, Rachel P., Watertown;
Southard, Doctor E. E., Boston ; Spencer, William F., Chelsea ; Sprague, Charles T., Lynn ;
Sprague, Doctor Francis Peleg, Boston ; Stearns, Albert Henry, Dorchester ; Stearns, A.
Maynard, Boston ; Stevens, Edmund H., Cambridge ; Stevens, Miss Eleanor B., Milton ; Stev-
ens, Honorable Solon W., Lowell; Stevens, William L., Boston; Stoddard, George H., Bos-
ton; Stone, John S., Boston; Stone, Lincoln R., M. D., Newton; Stone, William C., Spring-
field ; Storrs, L. B., Springfield ; Stout, A. K., Boston ; Sullivan, William B., Boston ; Suter,
Hales W., Winchester; Sweet, Henry N., Boston.

Tafley, Henry F., Boston ; Talbot, Miss Mignon, South Hadley ; Tapley, G. Arthur,
Revere ; Temple, Jackson L., North Adams ; Thayer, Ezra R., Boston ; Thayer, John E.,
Lancaster ; Thomas, Mrs. Frank R., Boston ; Thomas, J. B., Lowell ; Thompson, Caroline B.,
Wellesley ; Thomson, Elihu, Swampscott; Thorndike, Doctor T. W., Boston; Thornton,
James Brown, Boston ; Thresher, Elton E., Taunton ; Thurston, John H., Boston ; Tinkham,
Samuel Everett, Boston ; Titcomb, Doctor George Eugene, Concord ; Todd, Thomas, Boston ;
Todd, Thomas, Jr., Boston ; Torrey, Doctor Samuel William, Beverly ; Townsend, Doctor
Charles Wendell, Boston ; Trefry, William D. T., Marblehead ; Tuckerman, Frederick, Am-
herst; Turner, Henry E., Boston; Tuttle, Charles D., Boston; The Twentieth Century
Medical Club of Women Physicians of Boston, West Roxbury ; Tyler, Harry W., Boston ;
Tyrode, Doctor Maurice Vejux, Boston.

Underwood, Miss Mary E., Arlington ; Underwood, William Lyman, Boston ; Upham,
Roger F., Worcester.

Van Da Linda, Frank, Boston ; Vannce, C. H., Chelsea ; Van Vlack, Charles, Spring-
field ; Varney, Burton M., Lawrence ; Verein, D. A. Gesang, South Boston ; Victorian Club,
Boston ; Victor, Doctor Agnes C., Boston ; Vose, George Atherton, Brookline ; Vose, Mrs.
Willard A., Brookline.

Wade, Henry F., Cambridge ; Wadsworth, P. F., M. D., Boston ; Wadsworth, R. G.,
Boston; Wait, Honorable William Gushing, Medford; Wales, Thomas B., Wellesley; Wales,
Thomas B., Jr., Newtonyille ; Walker, Clarence O., Maiden ; Walker, Frank C., M. D., Nan-
tucket; Walsh, Miss Elizabeth, Lowell; Ware, Charles Eliot, Fitchburg; Ware, Horace E.,
Milton ; Warner, Miss Elizabeth, Jamaica Plains ; Warren, Doctor John Collins, Boston ;
Warren, Nathan, Boston; Warren, Miss Winifred B., Cambridge; Waterman, D. S., Bos-
ton; Waterman, Frank S., Boston; Watson, Miss Caroline A., North Andover; Watson,
Frank E., Worcester ; Watson, William, Boston ; Wead, Leslie C., Boston ; Weed, George
M., Boston ; Weld, Fred C, Lowell ; Wellman, Arthur M., Boston ; Wells, F. Lyman, Waver-
ley ; Wesselhoeft, Doctor Walter, Cambridge ; West Roxbury Liederkranz, East Dedham ;
Westbrook, John Buckman, Brookline ; Weston, David B., Sharon ; Wetherell, Doctor Arthur
Bryant, Boston; Wharfield, Williston Clifford, Holyoke; Wheeler, Frank E., Springfield;
Wheeler, Doctor Leonard, Worcester; Wheeler, W. M., Ph. D., Boston; White, Doctor
Robert, Boston ; White, Walter H., Boston ; Whitney, Miss Beatrice, Medway ; Whitney,
Cyrus Henry, Somerville ; Whitney, Miss Etta P., West Newton ; Whitney, Janies F., Spm-
erville ; Whitney, Miss Mary A., Brookline ; Whittemore, Miss Gertrude, Boston : Whitte-
more, H. S., Cambridge ; Wick, Fred H., Ashland ; Wigglesworth, Edward, Cambridge ;
Wigglesworth, George, Boston; Wilcock, John, Belmont; Wilder, Charles P., Worcester;
Williams, David W., Roxbury ; Williams, Enos D., Taunton ; Williams, Francis H., Boston ;
Williams, Frank B., Ph. D., Worcester; Williams, Henry J., Boston; Williams, L. L., Chel-
sea ; Williams, W. G., Boston ; Williamson, T. Wilson, New Bedford ; Winchester, J. F.,
Lawrence; Winkley, Samuel H., Boston: Winslow, G. M., Auburndale; Wise, Howard P.,
Maiden ; Wolcott, Doctor Grace, Boston ; Wood, E. E., Jr., Northampton ; Woodruff, Doc-
tor Richard Allen, Pittsfield; Woods, Frederick Adams, Brookline; Woodward, F. H.,
Boston; Woodward, S. B., Worcester; Wright, Walter C., Boston; Wyman, Frank W.,
Boston.

Yoosuf, Doctor Arthur Kevork, Worcester ; York. George A., New Bedford ; Young,
Miss Anne S., South Hadley; Young, Charles L., Springfield.

[181]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Moriarty, G. A., Jr., Mexico City ; Mulliken, H. S., Mapini.

Amberg, Doctor Emil, Detroit; Anderson, Thomas R., Battle Creek.

Baldwin, Mrs. Stephen, Detroit ; Bancker, Enoch, Jackson ; Barnum, H. G., Port Huron ;
Bartlett, George M., Ann Arbor; Bennett, Charles W., Coldwater; Bissell, G. W., East
Lansing; Blish, W. G., Niles ; Brady, Samuel, Rockland ; Brainerd, Chauncey N., Detroit;
Brenton, S., V. S., Detroit; Burritt, Dwight F., Detroit.

Cady, Burt D., Port Huron ; Cady, W. B., Cement City ; Campbell, E. D., Ann Arbor ;
Cole, Harry N., Ann Arbor; Coolidge, Brigadier General Charles A., Detroit; Crampton,
W. A., Detroit; Cressey, E. Wilson, Bay City.

Daniel, J. Frank, Ann Arbor; de Nancrede, C. B. G., Ann Arbor; Denison, Charles
S., Ann Arbor ; Dodge, Charles K., Port Huron ; Dunlap, William, Detroit ; Dunster, Carl
B., Marquette; Dyar, Miss Clara E., Detroit.

Emery, Ralph, Kalamazoo.

Faught, J. B., Marquette.

Gage, William T., Detroit.

Haight, Louis P., Muskegon ; Hall, Freeman, M. D., Kalamazoo ; Hastings, William W.,
Battle Creek; Hayward, L. B., Detroit; Herbert, P., M. D., Iron Mountain; Hemphill, R. W.,
Jr., Ypsilanti ; Henry, William Louis, Detroit ; Hobbs, William H., Ann Arbor ; Holmes, Ar-
thur L., Detroit; Hornbogen, A. W., Marquette; Houghton, E. M., Detroit.

Jenks, Russ S., St. Clair; Johnson, Mrs. C. H., Flint; Jones, R. L., Saginaw.

Keep, William John, Detroit ; Kelly, Willia, Vulcan ; Kemp, Geo.-ge, Sault Ste Marie ;
King, Edward, Leonidas ; Knappen, Loyal E., Grand Rapids ; Knowlton, Benjamin B., Detroit.

Landon, Lucius H., Niles: Lichty, Doctor David M., Ann Arbor; Locke, C. E., Detroit;
Loveland, H. H., Republic ; Lyman, Doctor Richard P., East Lansing ; Lyons, A. B., Detroit.

Marshall, Charles E., East Lansing; McSouth, Sydney Cook, Marine City; Millar, John
M., Escanaba; Miller, Edwin C., Detroit; Moore, Charles, Detroit: Munson, George Wash-
ington, Grand Rapids.

Newcomb, William W., M. D., Detroit; Novy, F. G., Ann Arbor.

O'Brien, Miss Mary Editha, Detroit.

Parker, D. L., M. D., Detroit; Pettit, R. H., East Lansing: Pollock, Professor James
B., Ann Arbor.

Radford, George W., Detroit; Reed, C. F., Detroit; Rice, George S., Putoskey ; Roper,
Miss Gertrude L., Detroit.

Schuster, Bruno L., M. D., Port Huron ; Seaman, A. E., Houghton ; Shafer, George D.,
East Lansing ; Shepard, John F., Ann Arbor ; Singer, J. D., Brighton ; Smeaton, W. G., Ann
Arbor; Smith, James Costell, Detroit; Stevens, Horace J., Houghton.

Taylor, Frank D., Detroit; Thrall, George, Detroit; Tinkham, Frederick K., Grand
Rapids; Turner, Miss Mary E., Detroit.

Van Antwerp, Reverend Francis J., Detroit; Vaughan, V. C., Jr., Detroit.

Wade, B. F., Ludington ; Warren, Levi S., Albion ; Watson, Miss Flora Chariot, De-
troit ; Watson, Miss Jeanette Whittier, Detroit ; Wetherbee, George C., Detroit : Whitman,
J. J., Freeland ; Willard, H. H., Ann Arbor ; Williams, C. B., Kalamazoo ; Williams, G. Mott,
Marquette ; Woodruff, Fremont L., Detroit.

Barker

Aldrich, Henry C., Minneapolis: Alexander, H. S., St. Paul; Anneke, Percy S., Duluth.
Ball, Ashley L., Minneapolis; Banister, Lieutenant Colonel William B., Fort Snelling:
, Henry F., Cambridge; Barrett, William P., Mahtomedi ; Beeman, E. R.. ; Bill, Earl

M., Minneapolis; Bill, Fred A., Minneapolis; Boxell, R. H., St. Paul: Brooke, W. E., Min-
neapolis ; Brown, Calvin L., Morris ; Brown, Edgar D., Minneapolis ; Bussey, W. H., Minne-
apolis ; Butters, S. H., Minneapolis.

Castle, Charles W., St. Paul ; Castle, Henry A., St. Paul ; Chamberlin, J. W., M. D., St.
Paul; Chute, Fred B., Minneapolis; Chute, Louis P., Minneapolis; Chute, Louis P., Minne-

[182]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

apolis ; Cook, Doctor Henry W., Minneapolis ; Coolbaugh, Frank Eastman, Cloquet ; Corser,
Elwood S., Minneapolis; Covey, William E., Minneapolis; Cowling, Donald J., Northfield;
Crosby, George H., Duluth ; Curtiss-Wedge, Franklin, Red Wing ; Cutler, Fred A.,
Minneapolis.

Daggett, Freeman L., St. Paul ; Darling, J. H., Duluth ; Darling, W. P., St. Paul ; Dean,
William J., St. Paul; Doty, Paul, St. Paul; Drew, Doctor C. W., Minneapolis.

Ehmke, W. C., M. D., Willow River ; Erdmann, Charles A., Minneapolis.

Fellows, C. S., Minneapolis ; Flather, J. J., Minneapolis.

Graham, William J., Minneapolis.

Hansen, James, Collegeville ; Haynes, A. E., Minneapolis ; Hill, Honorable James J.,
St. Paul; Hodge, Fred A., Pine City; Holcombe, Edwin R., St. Paul; Holzinger, Professor
John M., Winona ; Howard, W. E., Eveleth.

Johnson, Albert N., Benson; Johnson, Charles Eugene, Minneapolis; Johnson, Charles
W., St. Paul.

Kennedy, A. H., Minneapolis ; Kingsbury, David L., St. Paul.

Lundholm, Doctor E. M., St. Paul.

Mallen, F. H., Minneapolis; McGiffert, J. R., Duluth; McKeehan, L. W., Minneapolis;
Meeds, A. D., Minneapolis ; Merrill, B. J., Stillwater ; Merrill, Burton J., Stillwater ; Merrill,
John F., Red Wing ; Monfort, F. D., St. Paul ; Moore, Orrin P., Hawley ; More, Doctor
C. W., Eveleth; Moyer, L. R., Montevideo.

Nickerson, Winfield S., Minneapolis.

Oestlund, O. W., Minneapolis.

Pattee, William S., Minneapolis ; Peabody, Eunice D., St. Paul.

Randal, Frank L., St. Cloud; Rogers, A. C., Faribault.

Scott, F. H., Minneapolis ; Stnersh, Francis M., Owatonna ; Smith, Abbot E., Minneapo-
lis; Spear, C. Treat, St. Paul; Spelman, Frederick B., Duluth.

Varney, Herbert C., St. Paul.

Ware, Joseph Edwin, Minneapolis ; Wesbrook, F. F., M. D., Minneapolis ; Willis, John
W., St. Paul ; Willson, Charles C, Rochester ; Winchell, N. H., Minneapolis ; Wulling, Fred-
erick J., Minneapolis.

Zapffe, Carl, Brainerd.

Brown, Calvin S., University Post Office.

Dabney, T. J., Clarksdale.

Harned, R. W., Agricultural College.

Lindholm, Paul P., Lexington.

Pepper, A. McDowell, Lexington.

Stansbury, J. A., Lexington ; Sullivan, Professor J. Magruder, Jackson.

Tracy, S. M., Biloxi.

Unger, Jacob W., West Point.

Weston, H., Logtown.

Abodie, Eugene H., St. Louis.

Bagnell, Mrs. William, St. Louis ; Barret, Anthony H., Cuba ; Boverie, John L., Ste
Genevieve ; Brennan, Reverend M. S., St. Louis ; Brichett, Doctor J. C., Cardwell ; Buch-
anan, Mrs. A. S., Kansas City.

Cadle, Henry, Bethany; Case, Doctor Zophar, Warrensburg; Chauvenet, W. M., St.
Louis ; Cockefair, E. A., Cape Girardeau ; Cole, Amedee B., St. Louis ; Crane, Mrs. H. W.,
Kansas City.

Danenhower, Edward, St. Louis; Defoe, L. M., Columbia; Dodd, S. M., St. Louis;
Drushel, J. Andrew, St. Louis ; Duffer, Charles H., St. Louis.

Eyers, Doctor Edward, St. Louis ; Ewins, Mrs. Fannie Butler, Kirkwood.

Fields, Mrs. Samuel M., St. Louis ; Fischel, Doctor Washington E., St. Louis ; Fleet,
R. R., Liberty ; Francis, Professor C. K., Columbia ; Furney, E. E., M. D., St. Louis.

Gross, Julius H., M. D.

Haynes, E. S., Columbia ; Hays, W. H., Columbia ; Hempelmann, W. L., St. Louis ;
Hill, A. Ross, Columbia ; Holtgrewe, Frederick W., St. Louis ; Hornbrook, Mrs. E. D., Kan-
sas City; Hughes, Doctor Charles H., St. Louis.

[183]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Irwin, Charles B., M. D., Kansas City.

Kent, J. M., Kansas City.

Langsdorf, A. S., St. Louis; Lewis, Mrs. A. B., Kansas City; Liebstatter, Mrs. B.,
Kansas City; Lightner, C. R., M. D., St. Louis; Lovejoy, A. O., Columbia; Lynch, William
Henry, Ozark.

Mallinckrodt, Edward, Jr., St. Louis ; Mayfield, W. H., St. Louis ; Maynard, Mrs. M. A.,
Kansas City; McAllister, Cloyd N., Warrensburg; McClurkin, Mrs. Lizzie Kirby, St. Louis;
Miller, Professor M. F., Columbia ; Monfort, W. F., St. Louis ; Moore, Robert, St. Louis ;
Mudd, H. G., St. Louis; Mulford, A. Isabel, St. Louis; Murphy, Franklin E., Kansas City;
Murphy, Lee, Kansas City.

O'Reilly, Andrew J., St. Louis ; Overman, David Reece, St. Louis ; Overman, Eunice
R., St. Louis; Owen, Juliette A., St. Joseph.

Paine, Linn, St. Louis ; Pauls, Gustav, St. Louis ; Porter, Mrs. Allen L., Kansas City ;
Porter, H. L., Seneca; Pulsifer, H. B., Kansas City.

Reed, George M., Columbia ; Ro Bards, John L., Hannibal.

Seyster, Arthur M., Kansas City; Simonds, N. P., Kansas City; Smith, Lansing F.,
St. Louis ; Stokes, J. S., Kirksville ; Summa, Hugo, M. D., St. Louis ; Suppan, Leo, St.
Louis ; Swift, Edgar James, St. Louis.

Tainter, William Henry Harrison, St. Louis ; Thomson, William H., St. Louis ; Treat,
Barton A., Hannibal ; Treat, James Wilbur, Hannibal ; Trelease, William, St. Louis ; Trocon,
Albert A., Kansas City ; Tuttle, Thomas Benton, Carthage.

Waddell, J. A. L., Kansas City ; Walbridge, C. P., St. Louis ; Weeks, Edwin R., Kansas
City; Will, Mrs. Frida, South St. Louis; Winch, Mrs. M. R., Kansas City; Wulfing, J. M.,
St. Louis.

Bengston, Reverend Carl J., Missoula ; Brown, Herbert Benton, Butte.
Gregg, Miss Harriet Hahn, Helena.
Hedges, Wyllys A., Lewistown.
Loud, Charles H., Miles City.
Mills, W. P., M. D., Missoula.

Sandsten, E. P., Stevensville ; Sharpe, Francis Wright, Lewistown ; Smith, Frank
Marshall, East Helena.

Almy, John E., Lincoln ; Aycrigg, William A., Omaha.

Barbour, Miss Carrie A., Lincoln ; Barbour, Erwin H., Lincoln ; Bates, John M., Red
Cloud ; Bessey, Charles E., Lincoln ; Brady, John S., Omaha ; Bruner, Lawrence, Lincoln ;
Burrell, R. H., M. D., Creighton.

Carson, W. T., Holstein.

Daniel, Z. T., M. D., Ruchville; Davis, Ellery W. Lincoln; Dellinger, H. R., Hyannis;
Duncanson, H. B., Peru.

Flack, John F., Omaha ; Funkhauser, Willard F., Omaha.

Gault, A. K., Omaha ; Gif ford, H., Omaha ; Gof f, John W., Fremont.

Halstead, E. O., Omaha; Harding, N. S., Nebraska City; Harding, Willard S., Nebraska
City.

Long, A. F., Madison ; Ludington, Horace, Omaha ; Lyman, Doctor Rufus A., Lincoln.

McCord, W. H., Omaha.

Neely, H. D., Omaha ; Nye, Ray, Fremont.

Palmer, Henry Emerson, Omaha ; Pollard, C. W., Omaha.

Ransom, C. L., Omaha ; Richards, Fred H., Fremont ; Richards, L. D., Fremont ; Ripley,
Major H. L., Fort Robinson.

Tyler, A. A., Bellevue ; Tyndale, J. H., Lincoln.

Van Gaasbeek, J. H., Neligh.

Wattles, G. W., Omaha ; Wilcox, Professor E. Mead, Lincoln.

Eager, Charles P., Reno.

Hall, Louis W., Hazen ; Hunting, Reverend George C., Ely.

Kelly, Luther Sage, Lida.

[I84]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Lewis, Robert S., McGill ; Loring, C. K., Tonapah.

Shawk, Doctor William L., Stewart ; Smith, W. S., Tangier, Reno.

Wheelock, R. P., Searchlight.

Abbott, Andrew J., West Concord; Aldrich, John, Lakeport; Arms, F. T., Portsmouth.

Bailey, James H., Littleton; Bradley, Arthur C, Newport; Buck, Professor A. M.,
Durham.

Chase, William M., Concord.

Dawson, Percy M., Riverdale; Dumond, Oilman H., Penacock.

E. S. C., Peterborough.

Flather, Miss Alice V., Nashua; Frost, Miss Lilla M., Center Sandwich.

Green, William C., Concord.

Harris, Ira T., Nashua ; Hyland, Clinton A., Keene.

Jaques, W. H., Little Boar's Head ; Junkins, Doctor W. O., Portsmouth.

Knowlton, John G., Exeter.

Lamson, Albert Henry, Elkins ; Lathrop, Doctor N. C., Dover.

Manning, Charles H., Manchester ; Martin, Charles H., Antrim ; Moody, Andrew J.,
Amherst.

Neal, E. C., Rochester; Neally, B. Frank, Dover.

Patten, Willis Chase, Manchester; Poor, John M., Hanover; Prouty, Ira J., M. D.,
Keene.

Richardson, W. B., Keene.

Sanderson, E. D., Durham ; Segerblom, Professor Wilhelm, Exeter ; Shedd, Charles Gale,
Keene.

Tebbetts, Theodore C., Maplewood.

Whitcomb, Jonas Fred, Keene ; White, C. H., Center Sandwich ; Wright, Jerome Edward,
Keene.

Ackerson, James B., Passaic; Ackerson, Mrs. James B., Passaic; Agens, Thomas Victor,
East Orange ; Allen, W. F., South Orange ; Ailing, Madison, Newark ; Anderson, Miss Cor-
nelia H., Hackensack; Andrews, Miss Lucille,* Woodbury; Austin, Mrs. Francis B., Summit;
Austin, Francis Duane, Summit; Austin, Frederick Pass, Summit; Austin, William Morris,
Jr., Summit; Ayres, Mrs. Sylvanus, Bound Brook.

Bachmar, A. P., Orange; Baldwin, A. H., Newark; Bancroft, Miss Margaret, Haddon-
field ; Banister, Blair, Newark ; Barnes, Edward W., Perth Amboy ; Beach, Frederick H.,
Morristown; Biddulph, H. H., Montclair; Blair, Miss Marie Louise, Peapack; Bradley, Ed-
win Alphonso, Montclair ; Buerman, William, M. D., Newark.

Campbell, Benjamin Howell, Elizabeth; Cannon, Henry B., Teaneck; Carr, Lovell H.,
Elizabeth ; Chandler, Walter, Elizabeth ; Chapman, Frank Tomes, Montclair ; Christie, E. W.,
Sewaren ; Clark, A. Wayne, New Brunswick ; Coe, Theodore, Newark ; Coit, Henry Gwin-
nell, Newark; Colie, Edward M., East Orange; Collens, Miss Katherine, Plainfield; Condit,
Aaron P., Madison ; Condit, O. E., East Orange ; Condit, T. M., East Orange ; Condit, Wil-
liam E., West Orange; Cook, Joshua O., Camden ; Corbusiere, William H., Plainfield; Cor-
nish, Robert Harrison, Montclair; Corwin, Theodore W., M. D., Newark; Cowgill, Joseph C.,
Mount Holly ; Coykendall, John, Newark ; Cragin, Miss Marguerite, Trenton Junction ;
Crane, Augustus S., Elizabeth ; Crane, Israel, Montclair.

Davis, K. C., New Brunswick ; Day, James, Newark ; Day, Wilbur F., Morristown ; Day,
William Scofield, Summit; De Comp, Harold Sydney, Garwood; Demarest, Benjamin G.,
Montclair ; Doremus, Henry M., Newark ; Du Bois, Mrs. George W., Plainfield ; Duncklee,
Henry H., East Orange ; Dunham, Doctor H. E., Glen Gardner.

Emery, John Richardson, Montclair; Epstein, B., Newark; Essex Chapter of the
Oranges, East Orange.

Farrington, E. A., M. D., Haddonfield; Ferris, Frank A., Montclair; Flanders, James
A., Orange; Flanigan, John A., Paterson; Flemming, Dudley D., Jersey City; Foster, Wil-
liam, Princeton.

Garretson, Samuel G., Perth Amboy ; Gest, A. P., Trenton ; Gledhill, Mrs. William, Pat-

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

erson ; Goddard, Henry H., Vineland ; Gray, Thomas T., Bayonne ; Green, Mrs. Helen
Wood, Jr., Trenton ; Green, Mrs. James Monroe, Trenton ; Gunther, Charles O., Hoboken.

Hageman, Reverend A. J., Somerville; Hale, Samuel H., Roselle Park, Halsted, A. F.,
Ridgewood ; Hammerschlag, Henry A., Newark ; Hampton, John, Hecht, John P., Somerville ;
Henry, James Gordon, Englewood ; Hobbie, Mrs. A. D., Newark ; Holden, Horace, Madison ;
Holdbridge, Dwight P., Passaic ; Holmes, Joseph, Cream Ridge ; Howe, Caroline G., Bloom-
field ; Howe, George R., Newark ; Howe, Herbert Barber, Paterson ; Hubbell, John J.,
Newark: Hutchinson, Miss Emily Bell, Jobstown ; Hutchinson, Richard B., Jobstown ; Hut-
ton, A. B., Monmouth ; Hutton, Mrs. A. B., Monmouth.

Jamieson, Mrs. Alexander F., Lawrenceville ; Johnson, Mrs. William M., Hackensack.

Keller, Doctor Edward, Perth Amboy ; Kinsley, M. H., Hoboken ; Koch, William
Francis, Jersey City ; Krause, O. H., Hackensack ; Kummel, Henry B., Trenton.

Ladd, Mrs. Walter G., Far Hills; La Monte, George, Bound Brook; Libbey, William,
Princeton ; Livermore, Miss Baby ; Livermore, Miss Hazel ; Loomis, E. H., Princeton.

Macloskie, George, Princeton ; Mailer, George C, East Orange ; Martin, Mrs. George
W., Columbus ; Mayhew, Mrs. F. Le Baron, South Orange ; McCann, Thomas H., Hoboken ;
McCay, Leroy W., Princeton ; McGregor, Graham Bradford, Newark ; Meeker, Charles A.,
West New York; Merriam, Homer F., Jersey City; Milard, A., Elizabeth; Miller, Lebbeus
B., Elizabeth; Minot, Jesse, Asbury Park; Moore, Henry D., Haddonfield; Moore, Mrs. M.
J. S., Haddonfield ; Morgan, Miss Elizabeth S., East Orange ; Morgan, Mrs. Julius S.,
Princeton; Morgan, Lloyd G., East Orange; Morgan, William Fellowes, Short Hills;
Morse, Arthur Metcalf, Montclair; Mullikin, Colonel James R.. Newark; Murdock, George
John, Newark ; Murphy, Franklin, Newark ; Myer, William C., South Orange.

Nicholson, Joseph L., Camden ; Nicholson, Miss Louise, Madison.

Obert, B. H., Asbury Park ; Osborne, Horace S., Newark.

Paine, George Clinton, Newark ; Palmer, John H., East Orange ; Parker, Neilson T.,
New Brunswick ; Perkins, Merritt G., Newark ; Petrunkevitch, Alexander, Ph. D., Mont-
clair; Pfordte, Otto F., Rutherford; Phillips, Alexander H., Princeton; Pierson, David L.,
East Orange ; Pinney, Augusta R., Orange ; Plunkitt, Mrs. M., Rutherford ; Poor, Charles
Austin, Summit ; Presby, Frank Henry, Montclair ; Price, Luther Edmunds, Montclair ; Put-
nam, Erastus Gaylord, Elizabeth.

Quackenbush, Peter, Paterson.

Rankin, Professor W. M., Princeton ; Riker, C. B., Maplewood ; Risk, J. Boyd, Sum-
mit; Rock, Burton; Rock, Miss Florence; Rockwood, Charles G., Princeton; Rodman, Mrs.
Lewis, Edgewater Park; Roessler, Franz, Perth Amboy.

Schultze, Arthur, Ph. D., Rutherford; Schumann, George Washington, Caldwell; Selby,
William, Newark ; Sewaren History Club, Sewaren ; Shafer, W. E., Newark ; Sharp, W. C.,
Orange ; Shultz, Charles S., Hoboken ; Sickenberger, Ernest F., Carlstadt ; Sister Helen An-

fela, Convent Station; Skellenger, Eleazer L., East Orange; Smith, Miss Dora, Hoboken;
mith, Eugene, Hoboken; Smith, Herbert S. S., Princeton; Smith, Junius, Montclair;
Smock, Daniel Du Bois, Red Bank; Sneden, George Virginius, Red Bank; Sonneborn, J.
Harold, Deal Beach ; Sonneborn, Miss Laurena, Deal Beach ; Sprague, Miss Anna A., Ridge-
wood ; Sputh, Henry, West New York ; Strasse, August Adrian, Arlington ; Stratton, Alfred
H., Little Falls ; Street, Miss Anna L., Seabright ; Street, Arthur F., Seabright ; Street, Miss
Susan W., Seabright; Streeter, T. G., Jersey City.

Taintor, C. C, Elizabeth; Taylor, Walter W., Montclair; Taylor, Mrs. William John-
ston, Orange; Titsworth, Alfred A., New Brunswick; Truman, Henry H., Orange; Turner,
A. B., Montclair; Turtle, William P., Madison.

Van Ness, Wallace, Newark ; Van Nest, John R., East Orange ; Vick, Walker Whiting,
Rutherford; Voorhees, Louis A., New Brunswick; Vreeland, F. K., Montclair.

Wackenhuth, F. C., Jr., Newark ; Wade, John W., Millville ; Waller, Elwyn, Morris-
town ; Waring, Tracy D., Perth Amboy ; Wesson, David, Montclair ; Wheeler, Frederick
Meriam, Montclair ; Whittier, Charles T., Jersey City ; Willson, Frederick N., Princton ;
Wilson, Richard Tenibrook, Elizabeth ; Winans, James Freeman, East Orange ; Windsley,
John N., Orange ; Wood, F. Elliott, Rutherford ; Wood, Harrison, Rutherford ; Wormser,
Moritz, Montclair ; Wortendyke, Miss Caroline, Jersey City ; Wortendyke, Howard B.,
Jersey City; Wortendyke, Reynier J., Jr., Jersey City.

[186]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Angle, George K., Silver City.

Booth, Olin R., Fort Bayard; Bosworth, Robinson, M. D., Asientos; Bullock, Earl
Sprague, Jr., Silver City; Bushnell, George E., Fort Bayard.

Cahoon, Edward A., Roswell.

Foraker, Burch, Albuquerque ; Foraker, Creighton M., Albuquerque ; Foraker, Creigh-
ton M., Jr., Albuquerque; Foraker, Mrs. Creighton M., Albuquerque; Foraker, Miss Mar-
garet Hall, Albuquerque ; Foraker, Miss Mary Louise, Albuquerque.

Galloway, D. H., M. D., Roswell.

Hewett, Edgar L., Santa Fe.

Matson, Orville A., Albuquerque; McGaffey, Lucius Kimball, Roswell.

Shaler, M. K., Santa Rita ; Shields, Reverend Harvey Milton, Ph. D., Dawson ; Springer,
Frank, East Las Vegas ; Stamm, Raymond B., Albuquerque.

Woodman, I. N., Virsylvania.

/|5*to got*

Abbe, Doctor Robert, New York ; Acheson, E. G., Niagara Falls ; Adams, Charles Jeni-
fer, New York; Adams, Mrs. M. F., New York; Adams, Mrs. W. S., New York; Adams,
Mrs. Walter Wood, New York; Adler, Doctor I., New York; Adler, Isaac, Rochester;
Ainsworth, Doctor H. R., Addison; Aldrich, Mrs. William P., New York; Aldridge, Fred-
erick T., Brooklyn; Alexander, Mrs. Charles B., New York; Alexander, Harry, New York;
Alkier, Doctor S. J., Brooklyn ; Allen, Freeman H., Hamilton ; Ambrecht, M., New York ;
Anderson, A. J. C, New York; Andrews, George Osgood, New York; Armitage, Miss Maud,
New York; Armstrong, S. T., M. D., Katonah; Armstrong, Mrs. William L., New York;
Ashley, W. Osborne, Rochester ; Atkins, Robert, Esopus ; At Lee, William Edwin, Patcho-
gue; Atwood, G. E., New York; Auchincloss, Mrs. Edgar S., New York; Averill, C. J.,
Syracuse.

Backus, Miss Cordelia, New York; Bacon, Rathbone, New York; Bailey, F. H., Brook-
lyn; Baker, Eugene, M. D., Ithaca; Baker, George F., New York; Baker, Doctor Smith,
Utica ; Baldwin, E. R., M. D., Saranac Lake ; Baldwin, Miss Eliza S., Utica ; Baldwin, Miss
Sybil A., New York; Baldwin, Wesley M., New York; Ball, Albert, New York; Ball, S. H.,
New York; Bancroft, Wilder D., Ithaca; Bangs, Doctor L. Bolton, New York; Baker,
Benjamin, New York; Barnard Class of 1911, New York; Barnard Class of 1912, New York;
Barnard Class of 1913, New York; Barnes, Charles H., Syracuse; Barnes, Mrs. Edward,
New York; Barnes, Fred Asa, Ithaca; Barnhart, J. H., New York; Barnum, Miss Kate V.,
Brooklyn ; Barnum, Nathaniel C., Rochester ; Baron, Albert, Jr., Fall Rockaway ; Barry,
William, New York; Barstow, J. W., New York; Bartlett, John P., New York; Bartlett,
Miss Maud W., Brooklyn ; Bartlett, Doctor William Alvin, New York Mills ; Bartlett, Mrs.
William Alvin, New York Mills ; Barton, Samuel G., Potsdam ; Bascom, George J., New
York; Bausch, Edward, Rochester; Beal, Miss Carrie Phelan, New York; Behr, Edward,
Brooklyn; Belden, Mrs. James, New York; Benedict, Mrs. Theodore Hudson, New York;
Benedict, W. de L., New York; Benkard, Mrs. J., Phillip, Tuxedo; Bennehoff, James D.,
Alfred; Bennett, Leslie J., Buffalo; Bennett, Lewis J., Buffalo; Bennett, Matthew L.,
M. D., Watkins; Benson, Charles B., Hudson; Bentenmuller, W., New York: Bergh, Mrs.
Henry, New York ; Betts, Mrs. Frederic H., New York ; Bevin, Leander A., Northport ; Bier-
baum, C. H., Buffalo; Biggs, William Richardson, New York; Bill, Edward Lymari, New
York; Billings, Miss E., New York; Blackman, William R., Rochester; Blackwood, N. J.,
Brooklyn ; Blair, J. G., Jr., Brooklyn ; Blair, Mrs. John N., New York ; Blair, Mrs. M. A.,
New York; Blake, Doctor Joseph A., New York; Blackeman, Mrs. Birdseye, New York;
Blaker, Ernest, Ithaca; Blanchet, Sidney F., M. D., Saranac Lake; Bliss. Mrs. William H.,
New York: Bloodgood, Miss Josephine, New York: Blum, Colonel Emile M., New York;
Blumenthal, Sidney, New York; Bogert, Marston Taylor, New York; Bogue, E. A., New
York ; Bolles, F. D., New York ; Bombard, G. A., Saranac Lake ; Bookstaver, Mrs. Henry
W., New York; Borden, Miss Mary Moffitt, New York; Borgee, Miss Mary T., New York;
Bostwick, W. W., New York ; Bosworth, Mrs. Francke, New York ; Bowdoin, George S.,
New York; Bowen, Mrs. Clarence W., New York; Bowman, Walker, New York; Brace, Mrs.
R. N., New York; Brackett, Miss Mary M., New York; Bradley, Michael J., Brooklyn ; Brady,

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Miss Lucy, New York; Breckenridge, Mrs. John C., New York; Breitwieser, J. V., New
York ; Breneman, A. A., New York ; Brereton, Denny, Lake George ; Brewster, Harry L.,
Rochester; Briganti, Doctor P., New York; Briggs, James E., New York; Bristol, John I.
D., New York; Broadhead, Mrs. George, New York; Brookfield, Mrs. William, New York;
Brown, Archibald M., New York; Brown, Mrs. Charles S., New York; Brown, Lawrason,
M. D., Trudeau; Brown, S. P., New York; Brown, Mrs. William A.. New York: Brownell,
E. H., Brooklyn ; Browning, J. Hull, New York ; Brubaker, William, Baldwin ; Bruce-
Brown, Mrs. George A., New York ; Buckbee, M. S., White Plains ; Buckingham, Miss Eva,
New York; Buckle, John, New York; Bull, William Lanman, New York; Bullock, Miss
Florence, New York; Bullock, Miss Matilda Elizabeth, New York; Bullock, Richard, New
York ; Bullock, William Robert, New York ; Bumpus, Herman Carey, New York ; Burch,
Charles P., New York; Burden, Mrs. Henry, New York; Burdett, John L., New York; Bur-
dick, Lewis D., Oxford ; Burgess, Professor Edward S., New York ; Burkham, Miss Mary
S., New York; Burnham, Elliott R., Brooklyn; Burnton, Maurice E., New York; Burr, Carll
Smith, Jr., Commack ; Burton-Opitz, Doctor R., New York ; Butler, Doctor Glentworth
Reeve, Brooklyn ; Butler, Mrs. J. K., Brooklyn ; Butler, Lawrence Smith, New York ; Butler,
Mrs. P. H., New York; Butler, Mrs. Prescott Hall, New York; Butler, Mrs. William A., Jr.,
New York.

Cady, Miss Harriette, New York; Cadler, John Walcott, Utica; Camp, Frederick A.,
New York ; Canfield, George F., Peekskill ; Carman, Albro R., New York ; Carrington,
Thomas Specs, M. D., New York; Carter, Mrs. Ernest T., New York; Carty, J. J., New
York; Caryl, Julius Henry, Yonkers; (Cattes, James, New York; Chamberlain, C. W.,
Poughkeepsie ; Chamberlin, Emerson, New York ; Chambers, Frank R., New York ; Chap-
man, J. Francis, Katonah ; Charles, Miss Elizabeth Glover, West Point ; Chauncey, Mrs.
Elihu, New York ; Cheesman, Francis L., Garrison ; Chickering, Mrs. Charles F., New
York; Childs, Doctor Henry M., Brooklyn; Chittenden, John L., Buffalo; Church, Mrs. L.
D., New York ; Churchill, Jesse L., Elmira ; Clark, Mrs. Jefferson. New York ; Clark, Doctor
William B., New York ; Clarke, Miss Anna M., New York ; Clarke, Edward S., Rochester ;
Clarke, John M., Albany; Clarkson, Mrs. Bayard, New York; Clements, Isaac N., Cazenovia;
Close, Doctor Stuart, Brooklyn ; Clute, J. H., New York ; Cochrane, C. A., Mount Vernon ;
Coe, George A., New York; Coffin, Mrs. Henry, Brooklyn; Cohen, W. H., New York;
Coleman, E. P., Buffalo ; Coleman, W., New York ; Colgate, Mrs. Gilbert, New York ; Colket,
J. Hamilton, Brooklyn ; Collier, Robert J., New York ; Collins, George K., Syracuse ; Colony,
R. J., New York; Colton, George W., Brooklyn; Colyer, Harry G., Brooklyn; Colyer, Wil-
liam T., Brooklyn ; Comes, Washington Irving, New York ; Conklin, Douglass, Huntington ;
Connell, J. Harvey, New York; Connelly, Mrs. Edward, New York; Conner, Doctor Lewis
A., New York; Connors, Miss Katherine; Connors, Miss Mabel; Connors, Sabrina,
Converse, E. C., New York; Cook, Charles D., Brooklyn; Cook, John H., Albany;
Copp, Mrs. William A., New York; Corthell, E. L., New York; Corvell, Doctor
C. C, New York ; Cottis, G. W., M. D., Batavia ; Cotton, John, Burnt Hills ; Covilla, Luzerne,
Ithaca ; Cox, Mrs. Wilmot T., New York ; Cozzino, Mrs. Joseph Augustine, New York ;
Crane, William M., New York ; Cravath, Mrs. Agnes M., New York ; Cremens, Miss Mar-
jorie, Pelham Manor ; Crombie, William A., New York ; Cromwell, David W., Piermont ;
Cross, J. W., New York; Curran, Miss Beatrice, New York; Curran, Miss Helen, New York;
Curran, Miss Kate, New York; Curtis, Carlton C, New York; Cutler, John N., Albany;
Cutler, W. H., Freeport.

Daeid, Harry Percy, New York ; Daly, Archibald S., Hudson Falls ; Darrell, E. F.,
New York ; Darrow, John Coleridge, Peekskill ; Davies, Mrs. William G., New York ; Davis,
Miss Eleanor B., Buffalo; Davis, G. Richard, New York; Davis, Miss Hanna B., Buffalo;
Davis, William T., New Brighton ; Davison, John M., Pittsford ; Day, Mrs. Henry M., New
York; Decker, Doctor William More, Buffalo; de Coppet, E. J., New YOI-K; Deeves, Mrs.
Richard, New York: De Forest, Mrs. Lockwood, New York ; De Lacey, M., New York; Del-
roy, Arthur, New York ; Detwiller, Doctor Albert Knecht, New York ; De Witt, Andrew H.,
New York; Dexter, Edward B., Marlborough ; Dexter, William Vail, Brooklyn; Dickerson,
William H., New York : Dix, John A., Albany ; Dodge, Professor Charles Wright, Rochester ;
Dodge, Miss Charlotte, Rochester ; Dodge, Richard E., New York ; Doherty, Henry L., New
York ; Dold, Doctor William E., Astoria ; Dominick, George F., New York ; Donovan, A., New
York; Dorsey, H. G., Ithaca; Douglas, William Harris, New York; Dowd, Willis Bruce,
New York; Dowell, Philip, Port Richmond; Draper, Mrs. Henry, New York; Draper,
Colonel T. Wain-Morgan, New York; Draper, William H., New York; Draper, Mrs. William

[xflB]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

H., New York; Dreyfous, Albert G., New York; Droxler, Miss Kathryn E., Duane, Alexan-
der, M. D., New York ; Dudley, Edgar S., Johnstown ; Dudley, Harvey J., Malone ; Duester,
Mrs. Minnie, Brooklyn; Duffey, Honoria, New York; Duffey, Miss Manon, New York;
Duke, Mrs. E. Gibbeon, New York ; Duke, J. B., New York ; Duncan, W. Butler, New York ;
Dunham, Carroll, M. D., Irvington-on-Hudson ; Dunscombe, G. E., New York; Durston,
Harry C, Manlius ; Duryea, Chester B., New York; Dutton, W. L., New York; Dwight,
Elihu, Brooklyn.

Eagle, Clarence H., New York ; Eastman, Joseph, New York ; Eaton, Mrs. F. F., New
York; Eaton, Frederick H., New York; Eccles, David C., Brooklyn; Eccles, R. G., M. D.,
Brooklyn; Edelman, Peter J., New York; Edwards, Daniel M., Syracuse; Edwards, Mrs.
J. R., Brooklyn; Eidlitz, Otto M., New York; Eilers, A., Brooklyn; Einstein, Mrs. William,
New York ; Ellis, William D., New York ; Elwell, H. W., New York ; Embree, F. Lawrence,
New York; Emerson, Edwards D., Buffalo; Emerson, H., New York; Engelhardt, F. E.,
Syracuse; Eno, John Chester, New York; Eno, Miss Mary P., New York; Enright, M.,
New York ; Eppley, Miss Marion, New York.

Fairchild, H. L., Rochester ; Fairchild, John F., Mount Vernon ; Famulener, L. W.,
New York; Fanning, John R., Rochester; Fargo, Mrs. Alice M., Buffalo; Farrand, Oliver
M., New York ; Fellowes, Mrs. F. Mayland, New York ; Felt, E. P., M. D., Albany ; Fend-
rick, Mrs. Katharina, New York ; Fink, Colin, New York ; Fish, Charles H., Wappingers
Falls; Fish, P. A., Ithaca; Fisher, George J., M. D., New York; Fisher, John Henry, New
York; Fitch, Henry A., M. D., Utica; Fite, Mrs. E. M. S., New York; FitzGerald, Francis
A. J., Niagara Falls ; Fitzgerald, M., New York ; Fleming, Walter S., M. D., Mount Vernon ;
Fletcher, Horace, New York ; Flint, Doctor Austin, New York ; Floyd, C. Harold, New York ;
Foot, Miss Katherine, New York; Foran, George J., New York; Ford, Mrs. Willis E., Utica;
Forsyth, John, Kingston ; Foster, A. O., Utica ; Foster, Macomb G., New York ; Fox, Mrs.
Austin G., New York ; Fraley, John N., New York ; Frank, William, New York ; Franklin,
Mrs. Christini Ladd, New York; Frasch, Hans A., New York; Frederick, C. C, M. D.,
Buffalo; Frelt, Alfred Maurice, Jr., New York; French, Thomas, Jr., Buffalo; Frugone,
Frank L., New York; Fulda, Clemens, M. D., Brooklyn; Fuller, Frank, New York; Furness,
C. E., Poughkeepsie.

Gade, Mrs. Ruth Sibley, New York ; Gage, Simon Henry, Ithaca ; Gage, Mrs. Susanna
Phelps, Ithaca ; Gallatin, Mrs. A. R., New York ; Galloway, Charles T., New York ; Galpin,
William A., Buffalo; Gannon, J., New York; Gannon, N. S., New York; Ganter, Mrs. Hen-
rietta, Irvington-on-Hudson ; Gardner, Corliss B., Spencerport ; Gatchell, Mulford Helmer,
Lancaster ; Cause, Fred Taylor, New York ; Gee, George Washington, New York ; Geisler,
Joseph F., New York; Gibbons, W., New York; Gilbert, Miss Sarah Elizabeth, Utica; Gil-
christ, Robert, New York ; Gilchrist, Mrs. Robert, New York ; Giles, Stephen Weart, Brook-
lyn ; Gillespie, J., New York ; Gillett, Henry W., New York ; Gilley, William Cantine, M. D.,
New York; Gilman, Theodore, Yonkers; Gleitsmann, J. W., New York; Glenny, W. H.,
Buffalo; Goddard, Mrs. J. Warren New York; Goldan, S. O., M. D., New York; Golds-
borough, Mrs. Charles B., New York ; Goldsborough, J. B., Croton-on-Hudson ; Goldschmidt,
S. A., Brooklyn; Goodwin, Mrs. J. J., New York; Goodwin, W. A., Syracuse; Goold, Paul P.,
New York ; Gorey, Miss Mary, New York ; Gosman, Richard H., Long Island City ; Gossett,
Thomas Henry, New York; Gould, Miss Helen, New York; Gouldy, Miss Jennie A., New-
burgh; Gouled, Peter, New York; Gratacap, L. P., New York; Greef, Doctor J. G., New
York; Green, Douglas N., Syracuse; Green, Joseph D., Syracuse; Greet, Benjamin, New
York; Greve, J. G., New York; Greves, Mrs. John C., Elmira ; Grey, Mrs. A., Flushing;
Grey, J. C., New York; Grey, Mrs. John Clinton, New York; Griffith, Mrs. C. M., New
York; Griffith, Mrs. E. D., Jamestown; Groat, William A., Syracuse; Grove, Charles C.,
New York ; Grubbs, Mrs. H. R., New York ; Guyer, Doctor F. N., Albany ; Gwathmey, James
Taylor, M. D., New York.

Hager, Stansbury, New York; Hahn, C. W., New York; Hailferd, Raymond, New
York; Hale, William H., Ph. D., Brooklyn; Hall, James P., New York; Halsey, Robert H.,
New York ; Handy, Parker D., New York ; Hanly, Miss Ann, Bay Side ; Hanselman, Rev-
erend J. F., New York; Harding, Josiah W. S., Jr., Amityville; Hare, Miss Mary M., Tux-
edo ; Hargitt, Charles W., Syracuse ; Harkness, Edward S., New York ; Harmon, Mrs.
Edward V., New York ; Harpor, John F., Niagara Falls ; Harriman, Miss Mary, New York ;
Harris, Miss Anna P., Harrison, Bernard J., Brooklyn ; Harrison, Miss Katherine I., Brook-
lyn ; Harrison, Miss Sarah A., Brooklyn ; Hart, George H., New York ; Hart, Doctor Mae
V. D., Albany; Hartsock, J. L., New York; Hartz, J. D., August.,. College Point; Hartzell,
Frederick Z., Fredonia ; Harwood, W. H., Malone ; Hasbrouck, Mrs. Frederick, New York ;

[189]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Hascy, Oscar L., Albany; Hasslacher, Jacob, New York; Hastings, Thomas W., M. D., New
York ; Hatch, Elmore A., West Webster ; Haupt, Louis, M. D., New York ; Hawkes, Forbes,
New York; Hawkins, Nathaniel T., New York; Hawley, Mrs. H. G., Broadalbin ; Hayden,
Mrs. Harriet P., New York; Hayden, John E., New York; Hays, B. Frank, Bensonhurst;
Hayt, J. Towner, Corning; Hazen, Miss Adele Hyde, New York; Hazen, Mrs. J. C, Pelham
Manor; Hearst, Mrs. Phoebe A., New York; Heavey, William H., Jr., New York; Hedges,
Job E., New York; Hemsicke, Walter O., New York; Henderson, R. L., Richmond Hill;
Henessey, Thomas A., New York; Henley, Miss Elizabeth, New York; Henning, Gus. C.,
New York; Hering, D. W., New York; Hermann, Ferdinand, New York; Herrick, J. C,
Yonkers; Hess, Miss Selmer, New York; Hewins, Miss Nellie P., Elmhurst; Hickman, Miss
Jessie, New York; Hilditch, W. W., Syracuse; Hill, A., New York; Hill, George, Buffalo;
Hill, S., New York; Hills, Alfred K., New York; Himes, Jehial W., Cohoes; Himowich, A.
A., M. D., New York; Hoch, August, M. D., Ward's Island; Hodgkins, Miss Abby, New
York; Hoff, Olaf, New York; Hoffman, Mrs. Francis Furrall, New York; Hoffman, Frank
S., Schenectady; Hoffman, Mrs. M. B., New York; Holden, W. A., Syracuse; Holland,
A. F., New York; Hollick, Arthur, New York; Holmes, C. O., New York; Holmes, Daniel,
Brockport; Holt, Judge George C., New York; Holt, H., New York; Holt, Miss Winifred,
New York ; Homer, Mrs. Charles S., New York ; Hooker, Warren, Fredonia ; Hooton, Wil-
liam A. G., New York; Hotchkiss, Mrs. Clark B., New York; Hotchkiss, Lucius W., New
York; Houghtaling, Mrs. David H., New York; Hovey, E. O., New York; Howard, Charles
T., Rochester; Howard, Harold Shafter, New York; Howard, H. Edward, New York;
Howard, William Colman, Brooklyn ; Howe, J. Morgan, New York ; Howe, Marshall A.,
New York; Hoyt, Colgate, New York; Hubbard, Walter C, New York; Hudson, C. L,
New York; Hudson, C. I., New York; Hughes, William S., Brooklyn; Hugill, Ashton C,
New York; Hull, Edward F., New York; Hunter, Dwight W., New York; Hunter, Mrs.

D. W., New York; Huntting, T. D., New York; Hussakof, L., New York; Husted, Albert
N., Albany; Hutchinson, Mrs. S. D., New York; Huyck, Edward Niles, Albany; Huyck,
Miss Emily N., Albany; Hyatt, A. M., New York; Hypes, Lincoln R., New York.

Illoway, H., M. D., New York ; Imlay, L. E., Niagara Falls ; Isham, Edward Pierpont,
New York; Isham, Edward Swift, New York; Isham, Miss Frances Pierpont, New York;
Isham, Mrs. Laura Miller, New York; Isham, Mrs. Susan Dimock, New York.

Jaches, Doctor Leopold, New York; Jackson, George T., M. D., New York; Jackson,
H. H., New York; Jackson, Mrs. H. H., New York; Jackson, James Arthur, Jr., Dans-
ville; Jackson, Theodore F., Brooklyn; Jacobi, A., New York; James, Doctor W. B., New
York; Janeway, Mrs. Edward G., New York; Janeway, H. H., New York; Jenkins, Mrs.
Helen H., New York; Jenks, W. J., New York; Jennings, Miss Annie B., New York;
Jennings, Miss Constance, New York ; Jennings, F. B., New York ; Jennings, Fred Hunting-
ton, Watertown ; Jennings, Miss Jeanette, New York ; Jennings, Oliver B., New York ;
Jennings, Walter, New York; Jennings, Mrs. Walter, New York; Jermain, Miss M. C.,
Albany; Jesup, Mrs. Morris K., New York; Jewett, Jpsiah, Skaneateles; Jewett, Rutger B.,
New York; Johnson, M. H., Utica; Johnston, Frederick A., Prince Bay; Johnston, W. A.,
Prince Bay ; Jones, David, New York ; Jones, Dwight A., New York ; Jones, Edward F.,
Binghamton ; Jones, Miss Frances Ogden, New York ; Jones, Mrs. Frank Cazenove, New
York ; Jordan, Frederick A., New York ; Judge, Mrs. Arthur H., New York ; Judson, Mrs.
A. M., New York; Juillard, Mrs. Helen C, New York; Junior League of Albany Branch Op-
posed to Woman's Suffrage, Albany.

Kahn, Otto H., New York ; Kane, Mrs. John Innes, New York ; Kaufmann, Doctor F.
J., Syracuse; Kaufmann, Jacob, M. D., New York; Kaufmann, Mrs. Juliet A., New York;
Keith, Horace G., M. D., Yonkers ; Keith, Marcia A., New York ; Keller, F. C, New York ;
Kellogg, Charles D., Hudson Falls; Kellogg, Justin, Troy; Kelly, Henry A., New York;
Kelly, Thomas, Riverdale ; Kemble, Miss Mary W., New York ; Kenefick, J. A., M. D., New
York; Kennedy, Mrs. John S., New York; Kenney, Miss Julia O., New York; Kerr, A. T.,
Ithaca: Kessler, Edwin, New York; Keyes, Alexander Hamilton, New York; Keyes, Mrs.

E. L., New York; Keyes, Edward Lawrence, New York; Keyes, Miss Elizabeth Hewlett,
New York; Keyes, Miss Emma Willard, New York; Keyes, Miss Louise Loughborough,
New York; Kiddle, Mrs. Henry Forbes, New York; Kieran, Sister Mary P. H., Gabriels;
King, Joseph E., Fort Edward; Kingsland, Mrs. William M., New York; Klapp, Miss
Elinor, New York ; Klein, Edward N. E., College Point ; Kleindienst, Augusta, New York ;
Knapp, Miss Caroline Miller, New York; Knapp, Miss Emma W., New York; Knapp, Miss
Mary E., New York; Knapp, Percy W., New York; Knapp, Wallace Percy, New York;

[IQO]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Knopf, Doctor S. Adolphus, New York; Kolb, Miss Paula, New York; Kraft, Mrs. Harry,
New York; Krahbe, K., New York; Kress, Miss Elizabeth, New York: Kress. Miss Rosa-
lind, New York; Kunz, George F., New York.

Ladd, Coit, New York ; Ladd, Henry Manchester, Jr., New York ; Ladd, William White-
head, Second, New York; La Fetra, Doctor Linnaeus E., New York; Laeai. Doctor George
Richmond Hill ; Lamb, Anthony, Syracuse ; Lamb, Charles R., New York ; Lamb, Edwin F.,
New York; Langmuir, Irving, Schenectady; Lau, Mrs. Robins Allen, New York; Lavas,
Miss Delia, New York ; Lawrence, Henry E., Rochester ; Lawton, George Perkins, New York ;
Leary, Montgomery, Rochester ; Le Clear, Thomas, New York ; Lee, Frederic S., New York ;
Lee, Homer, New York; Leeds, Warner M., New York; Le Fevre, Doctor Robert, New
York ; Leitz, Ernest, New York ; Leland, O. M., Ithaca ; Leng, Charles W., West New Brigh-
ton ; Leonard, Clarence Ettienne, Yonkers ; Lesser, Doctor A. Monoe. New York ; Letch-
worth, O. P., Buffalo ; Lewis, Albert B., Yonkers ; Lewis, Ransome T., Elmira ; Lewis,
Theodore G., Buffalo; Libman, E., M. D., New York; Lielenthal, Howard, M. D., New York;
Linch, Charles, Albany ; Lindsay, Walter, M. D., Huntington ; Lineips, Frederic W. P.,
Ithaca; Lines, Mrs. Theodore, New York; Littauer, Miss C., New York; Lomb, Adolph,
Rochester ; Loomis, Alfred L., New York ; Loomis, Mrs. H. O., Brooklyn ; Loomis, Miss
Julia A., New York ; Loomis, Mrs. Julia S., New York ; Loud, Miss J. W., New York ; Love,
E. G., New York; Lovett, Mrs. Robert Scott, New York; Lowie, Robert H., New York;
Ludington, Herbert C., Hamilton; Lull, Warren A., New Berlin; Lummis, B. R., New York;
Lummis, William, New York.

Mace, Doctor H. Monroe, Peekskill ; Mack, Jacob W., M. D., New York ; Maclay, James,
New York ; Macy, Josiah, Scarborough ; Mager, F. Robert, Yonkers ; Main, William, Pier-
mont; Marble, W. A., New York; Marks, Miss Lucy B., New York; Marlow, F. W., Syra-
cuse ; Marquand, Mrs. John Frederic, Utica ; Martin, H. M., Ithaca ; Martin. Mrs. James,
Albany ; Marvin, Walter, New York ; Mason, Doctor William P., Troy ; Matausch. Ignaz, New
York ; Mathews, Doctor John A., Syracuse ; Matthew, W. D., Hastings-on-Hudson ; May-
hew, Miss Caroline, Elmhurst; McAlpin, Mrs. W., New York; McBurney, Charles, New
York : McCabe, K., New York ; McCartney, J., New York ; McCartney, Doctor James H.,
Rochester; McClure, Archibald J., Albany; McCrory, Charles, Hudson Falls; McCroskery,
John, M. D., New York ; McDowell, John D., Brooklyn ; McGregpry, J. F., Hamilton ; Mc-
Guire, Miss Mary, New York; McKay, John S., Brooklyn; McKeever, J. L., New York;
McMahon, James, Ithaca; McNulty, George W., New York; McNutt, Doctor Julia G.,
New York ; Medbury, Charles D., New Berlin ; Meltzer, S. J., New York ; Mendes, S. Peiera,
New York; Mercer, A. Clifford, Syracuse; Mercer, Mrs. George, Tr.. Mamaroneck; Merle
E. H., New York; Merrill, R. H., Medina; Merritt, D. S., Tarrytown; Merwin, E. F., New
York; Meserole, Abraham, New York; Messer, Miss Helen, Brooklyn; Metzler, W. H.,
Syracuse ; Meyer, Willy, M. D., New York ; Milburn, Mrs. John G., New York : Miles, Edwin,
Jr., New York; Millard, Dewitt C, New York; Millard, Mrs. De Witt C, New York; Miller,
Mrs. Charles Addison, New York; Miller, Mrs. Charles David, New York; Milton, Mrs.
William F., New York; Mitchell, Mrs. William P., New York; Mixer, Fred K., Buffalo;
Moetz, E., New York; Moetz, L., New York; Moffitt, Mrs. John Newland, New York;
Monroe, Robert Grier, New York; Montrelle, Mrs. Marie, New York; Moore, Miss Faith,
New York ; Moore, Frank C., Brooklyn ; Morehead, S. D., New York ; Morgenthau, G. L.,
New York ; Morris, Dave Hennen, Jr., New York ; Morris, Miss Emily Hammond, New
York ; Morris, Miss Louise, New York ; Morris, Marion Lawrence, New York ; Morris,
Ralph Noel, New York; Morris, Walter K., U. S. N., New York; Morton, H. S., New
York; Morton, Paul, New York; Morton, Mrs. Paul, New York; Mott, Howard S., New
York; Mowe, Mrs. William R., New York; Mowry, Eugene C., M. D., New York; Munier,
Doctor Vincent M., New York; Munn, Doctor John P., New York; Munson, Mrs. Susan
Babcock, Albany ; Myles, Beverly R., New York ; Myles, Mrs. Edith R. P., New York ; Myles,
Robert C, Jr., New York ; Myles, Doctor Robert C., New York.

Nathan, Clarence S., New York; Nathan, Robert F., New York; Neilson, John, New
York; Nellis, Doctor W. J., Albany; Nettleton, A. E., Syracuse; New York Chapter
of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, New York; Nichols, E. L., Ithaca; Nolty,
Miss Alice L., Brooklyn; Norrie, Mrs. E. L., Breese, New York; Northrup, W. P., New
York ; Nottingham, Edwin, Syracuse ; Nottingham, William, Syracuse.

O'Brien, Miss Anna, Watertown ; O'Brien, Miss Louise, Watertown ; Of, Charles, New
York; Ogilvie, Miss I. H., New York; Olander, Eric Olaf, Olander, Karl Francis, Olin,
S. H., New York; Olsen, Miss Emma, New York; Olsen, Mrs. L., New York; Olyphant,

[191]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Robert, New York: O'Neil, Honorable George F., Binghamton; Oppenheim, Mrs. Ansel,
New York; Osburn, Emory W., Rochester; Osburn, R. C., New York; Osttinger, P. J.,
New York; Oswald, William H., New York.

Paf fard, Doctor Frederic C, Brooklyn ; Page, Howard, New York ; Palmer, Francis
Lynde Stetson, New York ; Paltsits, Victor H., Albany ; Park, William H., -New York ; Parker,
Herschel, Clifford, Brooklyn; Parker, Mrs. James H., New York; Parks, C. W., Schenec-
tady; Parrott, Percival J., Geneva; Parsons, J. L., New York; Partu, Petule, Jr., North
Tonawanda: Pascal, Doctor Henry S., New York; Patterson, G., Jr., Patterson, Rufus L.,
New York ; Peabody, Mrs. Charles A., New York ; Peabody, Frederick F., Albany ; Pearce,
Richard M., New York ; Pearse, Miss Anna Battershal, Albany ; Pearse, Walter Battershall,
Albany ; Pearse, Herbert D., New York ; Peck, Charles H., Albany ; Peck, Mrs. John Hud-
son, Troy ; Pellew, Mrs. Charles E., New York ; Perkins, Miss Elizabeth, New York ; Per-
kins, Mrs. Xewton, Perkins, William H., New York; Perkins, Mrs. W. M., Brooklyn;
Perry, Arthur C, Brooklyn; Perry, W. H., New York; Peterson, Mrs. Wilson, New York;
Pettibone, Mrs. Asa G., New York Mills; Philipps, A., New York; Phillips, Lewis, New
York; Phillips, Sydney A., New York; Pichel, Mrs. C. J., New York; Pierrepont, H. E.,
Brooklyn; Pierson, Henry L., Lawrence; Pischoff, L., New York; Planten, I. R., Brooklyn;
Platt, Mrs. E. E., New York; Plan, Mrs. Eben E., New York; Poetschke, Paul, Corona;
Polk, Doctor W. M., New York; Pollitzer, Doctor S., New York; Porter, Asbury G., Brook-
lyn ; Porter, H. Hobart, New York ; Porter, J. Edward, Syracuse ; Porter, Professor R. A.,
Syracuse ; Porter, Mrs. William H., New York ; Post, Charles A., Bayport ; Potter, Mrs. A. C,
Southampton; Powel, S. W., Buffalo; Powers, George A., Brooklyn; Pratt, John Nale,
New York; Pratt, Mrs. Minnie G., New York; Prentiss, Miss Henrietta, New York; Price,
J. Meday, Buffalo; Prime, E. S., Huntingdon; Pritchard, William B., M. D., New York;
Proctor, Miss Anne Dalusia, Utica ; Pruyn, Hendrick, New York ; Pruyn, Robert C., Albany ;
Pulips, N. T., New York ; Pumpelly, Josiah C., New York ; Pupin, Professor M. L, New
York; Purcell, W., New York; Putnam, Miss Alice, Rye; Putnam, H. S., New York;
Putney, Mrs. William B., New York; Pyne, Moses Taylor, New York; Pyne, Mrs. Moses
T., New York.

Quackenbos, Doctor John D., New York ; Quinlan, Mrs. Leonard Green, New York.
Rain, Mrs. K., Brooklyn ; Ralph, Mrs. George Frederick, Utica ; Ramsperger, Gustav,
New York; Randall, Frank M., New York; Ransom, Frank H., Buffalo; Raymond, George
H., Brooklyn; Read, Daniel P., New York; Reddick, Donald, Ithaca; Redmond, Mrs.
Francis D., New York ; Reilly, Charles, Brooklyn ; Reinoso, Ezequiel A., New York ; Reyn-
olds, Sylvanus VerNooy, Kingston ; Rhett, Miss Florence M ., New York ; Rhinelander, T. J.
Oakley, New York; Rice, Marcus, New York; Rich, John L., Ithaca; Rich, John S., Marion;
Rich, Doctor M. P., New York; Richardson, Mrs. Harriet M., New York; Rieger, Joseph,
M. D., Dunkirk ; Riggs, Mrs. Kate D., New York ; Robbins, Wallace, Glendale ; Robert, Gen-
eral Henry M., Oswego ; Roberts, Miles, New York ; Robinson, Winifred J., Poughkeepsie ;
Robinson, William, New York; Rochester, Doctor De Lancey, Buffalo; Rockwell, Charles
H., New York ; Roe. E. D., Jr., Syracuse : Rokenbach, Mrs. Henry S., New York ; Roosa,
De Ditt, Kingston ; Roosa, Mrs. De Witt, Kingston ; Rosener, Alfred L., New York ; Roths-
child, Mrs. Simon F., Brooklyn; Roy, Arthur J., Albany; Rubenstein, J. L., M. D., New
York ; Ruedeman, Rudolpf, Albany ; Rupp, August, New York ; Russell, Mrs. Charles,
New York; Russell, Miss Grace E., Brooklyn; Rutter, Mrs. Jennie F., New York; Ryan, Miss
M., New York; Ryder, Ely M. T., New York; Ryle, Arthur, New York: Rvle, Robert
Walker, New York.

Sabin, A. H., Flushing; Sachs, B., M. D., New York; Sadler, John T., Elmira ; Sadlier,
J. E., M. D., Poughkeepsie ; Dage, Mrs. Russell, New York ; Sage, Mrs. William ; Sage, Wil-
liam H., Albany ; Sammis, Edwin W., Huntington ; Sampson, Mrs. E. Pope, New York ; Sar-
fent, William D., Brooklyn ; Saxton, H. N., Albany ; Schaef fer, Doctor J. Parsons, Ithaca ;
chimpf, H. W., M. D., New York; Schlitz, Miss Frances A., M. D., Brooklyn; Schloss,
Miss Annie, New York ; Schloss, Arthur, New York ; Schloss, Charles J., New York ;
Schloss, Fred, New York ; Schloss, Harold, New York ; Schniewind, Doctor F., New York ;
Schoellkopf , Jacob F., Buffalo ; Schoonhoven, J. J., Brooklyn ; Schuyler, Miss Katharine S.,
New Rochelle; Schuyler, Mrs. Philip V. R., New York; Schwartz, Fred W., Albany; Scott,
George G., New York ; Scripture, Arthur M., New Hartford : Seaman, Miss Sara F., New
York; Seeligson, Mrs. Harry G., New York; Seitz, C, New York; Seldner, Rudolph,
Brooklyn ; Senior, H. D., New York ; Setzer, Abraham, New York ; Sever, George Francis,
New York; Sewell, Mrs. Kate Strong, Albany; Shaffer, Newton M., M. D., New York;

[192]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Shaffer, Philip A., New York; Shannon, Mrs. John Porter, New York; Shaw, Mrs. John
C, New York ; Sheffield, Mrs. Frederick, Utica ; Sheldon, Edwin B., Delhi ; Sherer, D. B.,
New Rochelle ; Sherman, Miss Anna, New York ; Sherman, Miss Elizabeth, New York ;
Sherman, Miss Rosamund, New York; Shields, William Henry, New York; Shields, Miss
Stella C., New York; Shirley, Rufus G., New York; Shober, Mrs. Samuel L., Saranac Lake;
Shoemaker, Henry W., New York ; Shull, George H., Ph. D., Cold Spring Harbor ; Sickels,
Doctor Irvin, New York ; Sillman, Miss Hulda, New York ; Simons, Charles Dewar, New
York ; Slocumb, Colonel J. J., Albany ; Small, Doctor John K., New York ; Smith, Doctor

A. Alexander, New York ; Smith, Mrs. Andrew H., Geneva ; Smith, Mrs. Annie Morrill,
Brooklyn; Smith, Mrs. Arthur Cassett, Rochester; Smith, Eugene R., Brooklyn; Smith,
Fred A., Peekskill ; Smith, Fred M., Shelter Island; Smith, Howard Caswell, New York;
Smith, Isabella, New York; Smith, James A., New York; Smith, Jesse M., New York;
Smith, J. W. T., Syracuse ; Smith, John, New York ; Smith, Thur, Newark Valley ; Smith,
Captain T. W., New York; Smith, Walter Chester, Dunkirk; Smith, Willard P., New York;
Smith, William Alexander, New York ; Snedeker, Colomel I. S., Richmond Hill ; Snow, E. G.,
New York; Solley, F. P., M. D., New York; Soper, George A., New York; Soalding, A.,
New York; Spaulding, S. S., Buffalo; Speakman, Charles Arthur, Mount Vernon ; Spofford,
Paul N., New York; Spurr, J. Edward, New York; Squibb, Edward H.. M. D.. Brooklyn;
Stanley-Brown, J., Cold Spring Harbor; Stanton, F. M., New York; Stanton, Miss Mae,
lTew York; Steensland, H. B., Syracuse; Stella, Antonio, M. D., New York; Sterne, Leopold
H., New York; Stevens, Miss Elizabeth, New York; Stevens, Mrs. Elizabeth W., New
York; Stevens, Frank A., New York; Stevens, Ledyard, New York; Stevens, Miss Made-
line, New York ; Stewart, Ira B., New York ; Stillman, Doctor William O., Albany ; Stilwell,

B. C. W., New York; Stilwell, G. H., Syracuse; Stockton, Doctor Charles G., Buffalo; Stod-
dard, Mrs. Frances, New York ; Stokes, Doctor Horace, New York ; Stone, Clarence G.,
Mount Vernon ; Storey, Thomas A., M. D., New York ; Storm, Samuel, New York ; Storrs,
Henry J., New York; Street, Charles, New York; Sublin, Mrs. Josephine, New York;
Suzzallo, Henry, New York; Swenartpn, N. H., New York.

Taft, F. E., Binghamton ; Takamine, Doctor Jokichi, New York ; Tanner, Mrs. John
H., Ithaca ; Taucbell, D. C, Saranac Lake : Taylor, Edward R., Penn Yan ; Taylor, Doctor
Fielding L., New York ; Taylor, James M., Hamilton ; Taylor, Mrs. Thomas, Mount Vernon ;
Taylor, Walter F., New York ; Taylor, William, New York ; Tew, J. Dinsmore, New York ;
Thacher, Doctor John S., New York ; Thiele, Miss Marie Louise, New York ; Thomas, Paul
K. M., New Rochelle ; Thompson, Fellowes, New York ; Thompson, Mrs. J. F., New York ;
Thompson, Mrs. J. T., New York ; Thompson, Doctor William G., New York ; Thorne, Miss
Dorothy, Yonkers ; Thorne, Mrs. Howard E., Yonkers ; Thorne, Mrs. William H., New
York; Tillman, Colonel Samuel K, West Point; Timberlake, Mrs. M. E. W., New York;
Titchener, E. B., Ithaca; Titus, E., Jr., New York; Titus, Rudolph L., Cold Spring Harbor;
Todd, Arthur C., New York; Tomlinson, Daniel W., Batavia; Tonnele, Theodore, New
York; Towl, Forrest M., Brooklyn; Towle, William Mason, Potsdam; Townsend, F. J.,
Painted Post: Trabold, M., New York; Tracy, M., New York; Treat, E. B., New York;
Trowbridge, Mrs. Luther H., New York ; Trumbull, Mrs. Frank, New York ; Tucker, Ernest
E., D. O., New York ; Turner, Mrs. Albert, Chappaqua ; Turner, George B., Auburn ; Tuttle,
Mrs. Edward A., New York : Tweed, Mrs. Charles H., New York ; Twombly, Mrs. Arthur,
New York ; Tynan, Miss Anna, New York.

Uhlig, Edward C, Brooklyn.

Vail, Miss Anna Murray, New York; Valentine, Mrs. Henry, New York; Van Buren,
F. T., M. D., New York ; Vanderpoel, George, New York ; Vander Veer, A., Albany ; Van-
der Veer, Edgar A., M. D., Albany : Van Duyn, John, Syracuse ; Van Etten, E., New York ;
Vannier, Charles H., Buffalo ; Van Reed, Mrs. G. M., New York ; Van Wagenen, Bleecker, New
York; Van Wagner, Ernest L., New York; Villard, Mrs. Henry, New York; Violett, At-
wood, New York; Von Gontard, Miss Elizabeth Rowe, New York; Von Gontard, Miss
Kathleen Evelina, New York; Von Isakovics, Alois, Monticello; Voorhees, Sheldon, M. D.,
Auburn.

Wade, John O., New York;. Wainwright, St. John D. ; Waite, Willis W., M. D., Syra-
cuse; Walcott, F. C., New York; Walker, George L., New York; Wallace, George B., New
York, Waller, E. P., Schenectady ; Wallerstein, M., M. D., New York ; Walling, J. H., New
York; Walsh, Thomas, New York; Walther, Frank O., New York; Walton., Miss Louise,
New York; Walton, Miss S. Josephine, New York; Warbasse, James, Gloversville ; War-
basse, J. P., M. D., Brooklyn; Ward, J. Langdon, New York; Ward, R. H., Troy; Ward,

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Samuel R., Albany; Ward, Willard P., New York; Wardwell, Miss Clarissa, New York;
Wardwell, Edward Rogers, New York; Wardwell, Miss Mary M., Buffalo; Warner, J.
Foster, Rochester; Warren, Mortimer, New York; Warth, Albin H., Stapleten ; Washburn,
Julian J., Batavia ; Washington Club of Franklin, Franklin ; Washington Continental Guard,
New York ; Washington, Miss Emma G., New York ; Washington, George A., New York ;
Waterman, Mrs. Edwin N., Albany; Watjen, Louis, New York; Watson, Doctor S. P.,
North Brother's Island ; Watson, Mrs. William H., Utica ; Weaver, George O. B., Brooklyn ;
Webb, Leonard, M. D., New York ; Webber, Herbert J., Ithaca ; Weber, L. G., M. D., New
York; Weed, J. N., Newburgh ; Weedlen, M., New York; Weeks, John E., New York;
Weinrich, M. F., Ph. D., Yonkers; Wells, G. A., New York; Wells, Miss Margery, Brook-
lyn; Wemple, Mrs. Alonzo Earle, New York; Werner, Charles M., New York; Wesendonck,
Walter, New York; West, Dewitt Clinton, Lowville; West, Mrs. Dewitt Clinton, Lowville;
Westerburg, Emil, New York; Westervelt, W. Y., New York; Wetmore, Livingston, New
York; Wetmore, William H., New York; Wetzel, Reinhard A., New York; Wheeler, Her-
bert L., New York; Whitbeck, John F. W., Rochester; White, Miss Emma, New York;
White, H. S., Poughkeepsie ; Whiting, P. A., New York; Whiting, William H., New York;
Whitmore, Francis E., Cortland ; Whitney, Miss Mary W., Poughkeepsie; Whittemore,
George W., Brooklyn; Wickes, W. K., Syracuse; Wight, John B., New York; Wilbur,
Albert B., Middletown; Wilder, Burt Green, Ithaca; Wildman, Arthur D. F., Yonkers; Wil-
gus, William J., New York; Willard, Bryant, New York; Willcox, W. F., Ithaca; Williams,
Mrs. Clifford, New York ; Williams, Mrs. Frank S., New York; Williams, Prof essor Henry S.,
Ithaca ; Williams, Mrs. James H., Brooklyn ; Williams, J. W., New York ; Wilson, Louis B.,
New York; Wimpfheimer, Charles A., New York; Wood, Mrs. Charles Boughton, New
York; Wood, Mrs. Francis G., Utica; Wood, Frank S., Batavia; Wood, Mrs. William B.,
New York; Wooden, Miss Elizabeth, New York; Wooden, Mrs. William H., New York;
Wormser, Mrs. Isador, New York; Wright, Jonathan, M. D., New York; Wright, Miss
Lucy, New York; Wright, Miss Margaret A., New York; Wunderlich, F. W., M. D., Brook-
lyn ; Wyant, A. L., New York ; Wyeth, John S., New York.

Yawger, Mrs. John Francis, New York; Yeaton, Moses, Brooklyn; Young, D. B., Al-
bany.

Carolina

Alexander, Miss Violet G., Charlotte.

Barlow, B., Raleigh ; Bilstein, Miss Emma L., Highlands ; Brownson, Doctor W. C,
Asheville.

Confederate Gray Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, Mount Olive.

Frazer, Doctor Thompson, Asheville.

Herty, Charles H., Chapel Hill; Hinton, Miss Mary Hilliard, Raleigh.

Ives, Judson D., Wake Forest.

Patterson, Mrs. Lindsay, Winston-Salem.

Stevens, Martin L., Asheville.

Von Ruck, Silvio, Asheville.

Whitford, D. N., New Bern.

SDakota

Alexander, Kay, Mandan.

Bartley, W. M., M. D., Sheyenne; Bolley, H. L., Agricultural College; Brandt, Albert
M., Bismarck; Brannon, M. A., Grand Forks; Brownson, E. R., Willistoa.
Chandler, Professor E. F., University.
Healy, Doctor Henry H., Grand Forks.
Leonard, A. G., Grand Forks.
Quain, E. P., M. D., Bismarck.
Ruediger, Gustav F., Grand Forks.

Shepperd, J. H., Fargo ; Stearns, Wallace N., Grand Forks.
Ulsaker, Henrik H., Kindred.
Westgate, Doctor S. S., Mott.

Abraham, Victor, Cincinnati ; Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, Cincinnati ; Ach,
Samuel, Cincinnati ; Achey, Mrs. Frances L., Dayton ; Ackerman, Morris, Cleveland ; Adams,

[194]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Mrs. W. H., Cincinnati ; Allen, Mrs. Patterson, Cincinnati ; Altruistic Association, Hills-
boro ; Ambler, Ambrose, Miss Lucy D., Cincinnati ; Anderson, Mrs. Mary D., Huron ; An-
derson, Miss Sadie B., Bainbridge; Andrews, Mrs. W. W., Cincinnati; Atkinson, A. A.,
Athens ; Avery, Mrs. Elroy M., Cleveland ; Avey, Miss E., Gertrude, Cincinnati ; Ayres, Mrs.
Stephen C, Cincinnati.

Babcock, Mrs. E. C., Cleveland; Bailey, T. O., Cleveland; Baldwin, Fay, Greenfield;
Baldwin, J. N., Niles; Baldwin, M. Helen, Youngstown; Ball, Miss Anna St. Clair, Ports-
mouth ; Ballard, Miss Eda, Lima ; Banta, Roy, Lima ; Barger, Mrs. William H., Cleveland ;
Barr, Mrs. James H., Cincinnati ; Barrett, R. B., Cincinnati ; Barrows, W. M., Columbus ;
Bartlett, Mrs. Benjamin De Wolf, Glendale ; Batavia Womans Club, Batavia ; Baumgardner,
Carlton Morey, Toledo ; Baumgardner, Mrs. Edson W., Toledo ; Baur, Master Adelbert,
Cincinnati ; Baur, Miss Bernice, Cincinnati ; Beardsley, Jesse H., Bainbridge ; Beaton, Mrs.
Eleanor K., Columbus ; Bechtel, Mrs. Henry H., Cincinnati ; Bechtel, Miss Nellie Agnew,
Cincinnati ; Beetham, Miss Mary Isabella, Cadiz ; Beetham, Mrs. Rupert R., Cadiz ; Bell, Cora,
Hillsboro; Bell, Mrs. C. S., Hijlsboro; Bellinger, L. J., D. O., Bucyrus; Bentley, William B.,
Athens; Berg, Mrs. George, Hillsboro; Best, A. E., D. O., Newark; Bidleman, Miss Louise,
Dayton; Bienfang, Mrs. H. E., Wyoming; Bingham, Miss Edith E., Cleveland; Bishop, Mrs.

D. L., Cincinnati; Bissell, Miss Charlotte, Toledo; Bissell, Mrs. Walter S., Toledo; Blair,

E. H., Ripley; Blair, Mrs. E. H., Ripley; Blake, Joseph M., Canton; Bolger, William C. B.,
Cleveland; Booth, E. P., Cincinnati; Booth, E. .P., D. O., Cincinnati; Boring, Mrs. Alice
Orcutt Kemper, Cincinnati ; Bosworth, Charles Ankeny Second, Cincinnati ; Bosworth, Mrs.

C. A., Cincinnati ; Bosworth, Charles Weasner, Cincinnati ; Bosworth, Erwin Parsons, Cin-
cinnati ; Bosworth, Mrs. L. F., Cleveland ; Bosworth, Miss Natalie Breed, Cincinnati ; Bower,
Buckland P., Cleveland ; Boyle, William C., Cleveland ; Boyle, Mrs. William C., Cleveland ;
Bradford, Miss Blanch L., Cincinnati ; Bradford, Miss Eleanor, Cincinnati ; Brady, Miss
Mary M., Dayton; Breed, Miss Emma, Cincinnati; Brinkerhoff, Rocliff, Mansfield; Brooks,
David W., Columbus ; Brooks, Herbert, Columbus ; Brooks, O. ., Cleveland ; Brown, Mrs.
H. A., Cincinnati ; Brown, Mrs. H. Wilson, Cincinnati ; Browne, Reverend George S. J., D. D.,
Cincinnati ; Brush, C. F., Cleveland ; Brush, E. C., M. D., Zanesville ; Bumpstead, L. A.,

D. O., Delaware ; Bumpus, G. W., D. O., East Liverpool ; Bumpus, J. F., D. O., Steubenville ;
Burckhardt, Miss Elizabeth, Cincinnati ; Burgheim, Mrs. Louise, Cincinnati ; Burgheim, Max,
Cincinnati ; Burkham, Miss Anne P., Cincinnati ; Burnam, Miss Florence Kennedy, Cincin-
nati ; Burnam, Miss Jessie Graddy, Cincinnati ; Burnet, Miss Mary Coleman, Cincinnati ;
Burt, Miss Juliet, Cincinnati ; Burton, Mrs. G. S., Cleveland ; Bushnell, Miss Charlotte,
Cleveland.

Cadle, Mrs. Cornelius, Cincinnati ; Cadwalader, Richard Bacon, Cincinnati ; Cairns, Mrs.
G. S., Cincinnati ; Caldwell, Atha Haydock, Cincinnati ; Caldwell, Mrs. Augusta St. John,
Cincinnati ; Campbell, Mrs. Esther J., Youngstown ; Campbell, Frances C., Bainbridge ; Camp-
bell, Mrs. Hattie De Garmo, Cincinnati ; Caperton, Mrs. James, Cincinnati ; Card, MacGregor
S., Cleveland ; Carnes, A. L., New Richmond ; Carnes, Mrs. Ira, Lima ; Carney, Frank,
Granville; Carpenter, Doctor Willard B., Columbus; Carrington, Miss M. Belle, Cleveland;
Carter, Edward Perkins, Jr., Cleveland ; Carter, Mrs. Ira, Bellefontaine ; Carver, Mrs. Eliza-
beth D., Troy ; Cass, Edward, Dresden ; Catherine Greene Chapter, Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution, Xenia ; Cave, Mrs. John H., Cincinnati ; Chambers, D. B., Cleveland ; Chancy,

E. S., Hillsboro ; Chase, Miss Theodore, Cincinnati ; Chatfield, Mrs. William H., Cincinnati ;
Cheney, W. A., East Orwell ; Chenoweth, Mrs. S. C., Cincinnati ; Chestnut, Miss Jeannette,
Jackson; Chew, Mrs. J. P., Xenia; Christian, Mrs. Alice Chase, Cincinnati; Christie, Charles
J., Cincinnati ; Cincinnati Dental Society, Cincinnati ; Cincinnati Women Teachers Associa-
tion, Cincinnati ; Cist, Mrs. H. N., Cincinnati ; Clark, Mrs. Alexander, Cincinnati ; Clark, Doc-
tor Colin R., Youngstown ; Clark, Doctor Harriet B., Columbus ; Clark, Jesse R., Cincinnati ;
Clermont Country Club, Amelia ; Cleveland, Mrs. J. L., Cincinnati ; Cloud, A. W., D. O. Canton ;
Cogshall, Mrs. M. S., Cleveland ; Columbus Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution,
Columbus ; Comrie, F. M., Cleveland ; Conger, Miss Emily B., Akron ; Conger, Kenyon B.,
Jr., Akron ; Conkling, Mrs. Cornelia Marie Whetsel, Cincinnati ; Conrey, D. W., Cincinnati ;
Cook, Louis E., Cincinnati ; Cooper, Mrs. Martha K., Cincinnati ; Cooper, Mrs. William C.,
Mount Vernon ; Cormany, Mrs. George W., Hartwell ; Cory, C. H., Lima ; Cosner, E. H.,
D. O., Dayton ; Cottle, Mrs. Emma Stevens, Cincinnati ; Cottle, P. D., Cincinnati ; Cover,
Mrs. William W., East Hazelton ; Cowing, Mrs. Hattie J. A., Cleveland ; Cramer, John
Luther, Cincinnati ; Crane, Mrs. Reuben, Cincinnati ; Crawford, Mrs. J. M., Cincinnati ;
Crayton, Mrs. W. E., Lima; Crile, G. W., Cleveland; Crouse, George W., Akron; Grouse,

[195]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

George W., Jr., Akron ; Grouse, George W., Third, Akron ; Cullen, Mrs. James, Cincinnati ;
Currance, B. C, D. O., Tiffin ; Curry, William L., Columbus ; Gushing, Doctor Edward F.,
Cleveland ; Gushing, H. P., Cleveland.

Dabney, Doctor Charles W., Cincinnati ; Dachnowski, Alfred, Ph. D., Columbus ; Dakin,
Robert B., Toledo : Dana, Mrs. Charles S., Marietta ; Davey, Wheeler P., Cleveland ; David-
son, Mrs. E. E., Cincinnati ; Davis, Clara, D. p., Bowling Green ; Davis, Honorable David,
Norwood ; Davis, Mrs. E. Ellsworth, Cincinnati ; Deeds, Wilbur C., Cuyahoga Falls ; Deemy,
Mrs. Bessie Riddle, Denny, Mrs. John Littleton, Lancaster ; Detmers, Freda, Columbus ; De-
vereaux, Miss Marion, Cincinnati ; De Witt, J. P., Canton ; Dice, W. G., M. D., Toledo ;
Dimick, Mrs. Helen Wolcott, Toledo : Dinsmore, Campbell, Cincinnati ; Doan, Mrs. James
Burton, Cincinnati ; Doron, Mrs. J. W., Hamilton ; Doyle, Mrs. John H., Toledo ; Drury, Mrs.
Doctor, Cincinnati; Duf field, Mrs. W. H., Lima; Dunathan, Miss Rose, Lima; Dunn, Miss
Mary Charlotte L., Bainbridge.

Earl, Miss Julia, Cincinnati ; Earl, J. T., Cincinnati ; Ebbert, Mrs. Edward S., Cincinnati ;
Ebersole, William V., Cincinnati ; Ebersole, Mrs. William V., Cincinnati : Edwards, Eliza,
D. O., Cincinnati; Edwards, H. Edwin, Cleveland; Elliott, J. B., Greenfield; Elliott, Mrs.
J. B., Greenfield ; Ely, Mrs. Agatha E., Cincinnati ; Euwer, Mrs. Walter D., Youngstown ;
Evans, Mrs. D. J., Athens ; Evans, Nelson W., Portsmouth ; Eversman, Mrs. Walter, Toledo.

Fagin, W. G., Amelia ; Failing, Miss Minnie L., Fremont ; Fanning, Mrs. M. A., Cleve-
land ; Farnham, Gordon, Mount Airy ; Fenneman, Mrs. Nevin M., Cincinnati ; Filton, Mrs.
S. D., Hamilton ; Firestone, C. D., Columbus ; Firestone, Mrs. C. D., Columbus ; Fleisch-
man, Mrs. Charles, Cincinnati ; Florence, Mrs. John, Plain City ; Flowers. Mrs. V. G., Nor-
wood ; Fobes, Mrs. Julia R., Barberton ; Foraker, Arthur, Cincinnati ; Foraker, Mrs. Arthur
St. Glair, Cincinnati ; Foraker, Burch, Hillsboro ; Foraker, Mrs. Burch, Hillsboro ; Foraker,
Mrs. Emily R., Hillsboro ; Foraker, J. B., Jr., Cincinnati ; Foraker, Joseph B., Cincinnati ;
Foraker, Miss Louise, Cincinnati ; Fordyce, Mrs. George S., Youngstown ; Fort Findlay
Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Findlay; Fort Industry Chapter, Toledo;
Foster, Miss Julia Resor, Cincinnati ; Fountain, C. R., Gambier ; Freiberg. Mrs. Albert H.,
Cincinnati ; French, Mrs. Harry, Hamlet ; Fridman, Mrs. William N., Norwood ; Fry, Harry
Shipley, Cincinnati.

Gallagher, Miss Eleanor, Cincinnati ; Gallagher, John Collins, Cincinnati ; Gallagher, Mrs.
John Collins, Cincinnati : Gallagher, Miss Mary C., Cincinnati ; Gamble, Charles Dr, Spencer-
ville ; Ganson, George H., Cleveland ; Gardner, Miss Grace G., Cincinnati ; Gaskins, Doctor
J. C., Amelia ; Gast, Miss Cornelia A., Fremont ; Gates, Mrs. James A., Cincinnati ; Gath,
Mrs. C. W., Hamilton ; George Clinton Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution,
Wilmington ; Giddings, Mary, D. D., Cleveland ; Gilbert, Mrs. L. L., Salem ; Goodman, Wil-
liam A., Jr., Cincinnati ; Goodman, Mrs. William A., Jr., Cincinnati ; Goodrich. Miss Flor-
ence, Cincinnati ; Gordon, Mrs. Charles A., Cincinnati ; Gores, Guido, Cincinnati ; Goshorn,
Miss Adele, Cincinnati ; Gosline, Mrs. W. A., Jr., Toledo ; Gossard, H. A., Wooster ; Gpulder,
Mrs. H. D., Cleveland ; Granger, Mrs. Walter, Cincinnati ; Grant, Mrs. O. B., Cincinnati ;
Gravett, H. H., D. O., Piqua ; Gray, Mrs. Adam, Cincinnati : Greene, Mrs. D. W., Dayton ;
Greenman, E. G., Cincinnati ; Gregory, Giles R., Norwalk ; Greve, Mrs. T. L. A.. Cincinnati ;
Griffin, Miss Carrie G. S., Bainbridge ; Grover, Professor Frederick O., Oberlin.

Hager, Miss Sarah B., Xenia ; Hailmann, W. N., Cleveland ; Halsey, Charles, Cincin-
nati : Hamann, C. A., M. D., Cleveland ; Hansen, Mrs. Hermine S., Cincinnati ; Harmon, Leo
F., Cincinnati ; Harmon, Mrs. William, Tiffin ; Harper, Mrs. Corwin Dewey, Cincinnati ;
Harper, John W., Cincinnati ; Harriet, Miss Fanny, Toledo ; Harriet, Mrs. Mary Sheldon,
Toledo : Harris, Mrs. Edward L., Cleveland ; Harrison, Mrs. Charlotte K.. Cincinnati ; Har-
rison, Mrs. George T., Cincinnati ; Harrison, Miss Mary Torrence, Cincinnati ; Hart, O. B.,
Akron; Hartman, Samuel D, Tippecanoe City: Harvey, Mrs. William T., Cincinnati; Has-
kell, Miss Ruth E., Toledo; Haskell, Mrs. Walter L., Toledo: Hawes, Mrs. Martha C.,
Dayton ; Haydock, George Sewell, Cincinnati ; Haydock, Thomas Carmichael. Cincinnati ;
Haydock, Mrs. Thomas T., Cincinnati ; Hazard, C. C., D. O., Washington Court House ;
Hazard, Mrs. C. C., Washington Court House ; Head, J. R., Bainbridge : Healy, Mrs.
Francis A., Cincinnati ; Heath, Mrs. Homer, Toledo ; Hein, Miss Caroline, Cincinnati ;
Heintzman, Joseph W., Cincinnati ; Henkel, Mrs. R. G., Cincinnati ; Herman, Arthur M., D.
O., Cleveland ; Herron, Mrs. William C., Cincinnati ; Hicks, Gordon B., Amelia ; Hicks,
James R., Amelia ; Hicks, Lewis, Batavia ; Hicks, W. Morse, Amelia : Hill, Mrs. Alice M.,
Lima; Hills, Mrs. Howard B., Youngstown; Hine, Miss Emma K., Poland: Hine, James S.,
Columbus ; Hinkle, Frederick Wallis, Cincinnati ; Hinkle, Miss Helen, Cincinnati ; Hinkle,

[196]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Philip, Third, Cincinnati ; Hinkle, Philip, Fourth, Cincinnati ; Hinnen, G. A., M. D., Cincin-
nati; Hitch, F. A., Amelia; Hobart, Mrs. Lowell F., Milford; Hoffman, Mrs. Frederick L.,
Cincinnati; Hoffman, Mrs. Matilda Von Laer, Cincinnati; Hogg, Mrs. C. M., Cadiz; Hollen-
beck, Miss Anna M., Springfield; Hollingsworth, D. A., Cadiz; Hollings worth, Mrs. D. A.,
Cadiz ; Holloway, Miss Bessie M., Lyndon ; Holters, John G., Cincinnati ; Hooven, Mrs.
J. C., Hamilton ; Hopkins, Miss Belle, Batavia ; Hornung, Professor Christian, Tiffin ; Hos-
mer, Mrs. Edward H., Youngstown ; Houston, T. Edgar, Cincinnati ; Houston, Mrs. T. Ed-
gar, Cincinnati; Howald, Ferdinand, Columbus; Howanen, Mrs. Emily Fuller, Belle fontaine;
Hoyt, Charles, Chillicothe ; Hoyt, Miss Cornelia Brown, Cleveland ; Hoyt, Elton, Second,
Cleveland ; Hoyt, Mrs. James H., Cleveland ; Hoyt, William, Hillsboro ; Hubbard, George D.,
Columbus; Hughes, Mrs. H. E., Cincinnati; Hughes, Mrs. Kent, Lima; Hulett, C. M.
Turner, D. D., Cleveland; Hulett, M. F., D. O., Columbus; Hunt, C. B., Salem; Hunt,
Edward P., Cleveland ; Hunt, Mrs. Randall, Hillsboro ; Hunt, Thomasa Haydock, Cin-
cinnati ; Hurd, E. O., Cincinnati ; Hyp?s, Oran F., Springfield.

Ingersoll, J. M., Cleveland ; Iredell, Mrs. Charles, Cincinnati ; Irwin, Mrs. W. T., Cin-
cinnati ; Israel, James, Mount Vernon ; Israel, Mrs. James, Mount Vernon.

Jackson, Mrs. S. D. L., Youngstown ; Jamieson, Charles, Wellington ; Jeffrey, J. A.,
Columbus ; Jellef f, Miss Elizabeth, Toledo ; Jenney, Mrs. Herbert, Cincinnati ; Jewett, F. F.,
Oberlin; Jones, Elizabeth, Greenfield; Jones, Mrs. Frank J., Cincinnati; Jones, Mrs. George
P., Findlay ; Jones, Miss Gertrude Ward, Findlay ; Jones, Mrs. I. D., Cincinnati ; Jones,
Mrs. Robert Ralston, Cincinnati ; Jordan, Mrs. Lillie Seymour, Cincinnati ; Jordan, William
Henry, Cincinnati ; Judd, Horace, Columbus ; Judson, Lewis R., Toledo ; Judson, William L.,
Toledo ; Julian, W. A., Cincinnati ; Julian, Mrs. W. A., Cincinnati.

Kayser, William, Wapakoneta ; Kearns, C. C., Amelia ; Kelley, Joseph B., Cincinnati ;
Kellogg, Mrs. Edgar R., Toledo ; Kendrick, Miss Helen F., Cincinnati ; Kennedy, Miss Ann
Rogers, Cincinnati ; Kennedy, Mrs. Anna Noonan, Cincinnati ; Kennedy, Miss Edith Noonan,
Cincinnati ; Kennedy, Thomas Graddy, Jr., Cincinnati ; Kennedy, William Maxwell, Cin-
cinnati ; Kennedy, Winfield Scott, Cincinnati ; Kennelly, Bruce, Cincinnati ; Kennelly, Miss
Cynthia, Cincinnati ; Kerper, Mrs. George B., Cincinnati ; Kerr, Clarence V., D. O.. Cleveland ;
Keys, John Baker, Cincinnati ; Keys, Mrs. N. D., Lima ; Kidd, Mrs. Robert B., Cincinnati ;
King, Mrs. H. L., Kings Mills; Kinsey, Miss Frances, Toledo; Kinsey, Mrs. Isaac, Toledo;
Kirk, Miss Jean, Findlay ; Kite, Mrs. Thomas, Delhi ; Klappert, Mrs. William, Cincinnati ;
Kneier, Miss Mary, Cincinnati ; Knight, Arthur L., Madisonville ; Knight, George W., Colum-
bus ; Knight, Mary A., Akron ; Knight, T. S., Cleveland ; Kohlsaat, John E. C., Cincinnati ;
Koontz, Ef fie, D. O., London ; Kumler, Mrs. John F., Toledo ; Kurtz, Miss lone, Columbus.

Laidlaw, Mrs. Robert McDougal, Cincinnati; Landman, Otto, Toledo; Langdon,
Mrs. Perin, Cincinnati; Larkin, John C., M. D., Hillsboro; La Rue, Charles M., D. O.,
Lancaster; Lasher, G. W., Cincinnati; Laws, Mrs. Harry L., Cincinnati; Laylin, Mrs.
L. C., Columbus; Lea, Mrs. Marianna Pauly, Cincinnati; Leas, Lucy, D. O., Akron;
Lee, Albert G., Steubenville; Lenghaus, Reverend W. S., Jewett; Lentz, Charles A.,
East Palestine; Leonard, Miss Louise H., Cleveland; Lesher, Mrs. Wilson N., Youngs-
town; Leyman, Mrs. H. S., Cincinnati; Leyman, Mrs. W. N., Cincinnati; Liddle, Mrs.
James, Poland; Link, Joseph A., M. D., Springfield; Livingood, Mrs. Charles J., Cincin-
nati; Locke, W. S., Cincinnati; London Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, London; Lowe, Houston, Dayton; Lowe, William A., Massillon; Luft, C. G.,
D. O., Fremont; Lybarger, E. L., Warsaw; Lyon, C. W., Fredericktown.

MacAlister, Mrs. W. H., Cincinnati; Mackenzie, Miss Ella Grace, Lima; Mackenzie,
Miss Florence H., Lima; Macleod, J. J. R., Cleveland; Maire, Miss Frances, Lima;
Mannheimer, Miss Jennie, Cincinnati; Marsh, W. E., Cleveland; Marshall, C. C., Sid-
ney; Marshall, Miss Jessica M., Toledo; Marshall. Symmes, Cincinnati; Marstellar,
Charles L., D. O., Youngstown; Martin, Mrs. James Foster, Cook Post Office; Mason,
F. H., Akron; Mather, Mrs. Amasa S., Cleveland; Mather, Miss Katharine Stone, Cleve-
land; Mather, Samuel, Cleveland; Matlack, Mrs. Cora Tebbs, Cincinnati; Matlack, Miss
Elizabeth Tebbs, Cincinnati; Matson, James B., Cincinnati; Matthews, Miss Caroline,
Paine, Cincinnati; Matthews, Miss Florence, Cincinnati; Matthews, Miss Florence For-
aker, Cincinnati; Matthews, Foraker, Cincinnati; Matthews, Miss Mary Randolph, Cin-
cinnati; Matthews, Randolph, Jr., Cincinnati; Maxwell, Mrs. Lawrence, Cincinnati;
Mayo, Mrs. William B., Hamilton; McClain, Mrs. E. L., Greenfield; McClellan, Mrs.
Julia Read, Cleveland; McCoppin, Mrs. R. F., Bainbridge; McCullough, Mrs. J. Charles,
Pleasant Ridge; McCurdy, Mrs. Kate C, Jackson; McFadden, George G., Cadiz; Me-

[1971

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Fadden, L. H., Dayton; McGee, J. B., M. D., Cleveland; Mclntosh, Mrs. George T.,
Cleveland; McKee, E. S., M. D., Cincinnati; McKee, Mrs. R. H., Bainbridge; McKinney,

C. De Gress, D. O., Cincinnati; McLaughlin, Mrs. J. A., Lima; McNeill, Miss Charline,
Cincinnati; Mead, Mrs. G. L., Cleveland; Melish, Mrs. William B., Cincinnati; Mercer,
W. F., Athens; Mercke, Mrs. A. E., Cleveland; Messenger, Mrs. A. C., Xenia; Metcalf,
Maynard M., Oberlin; Michael, Mrs. N. L., Lima; Miller, Mrs. Clifford H., Cincinnati;
Miller, Mrs. C. R., Cleveland; Miller, D. O., Greenfield; Miller, D. S., Upper Sandusky;
Miller, E. H., Greenfield; Miller, Miss Louise K., Cleveland; Miller, Miss Mary May,
Columbus; Mills, Mrs. Edward, Norwood; Mitchell, Mrs. E. B., Lima; Mitchell, Mrs.
Jethro, Cincinnati; Mitchell, Miss Mary Ellis, Cincinnati; Montgomery, Mrs. C. B., Cin-
cinnati; Montgomery, Edward M., Cleveland; Mooney, Mrs. Martha, Woodsfield;
Moore, Richard H., Cincinnati ; Morgan, Mrs. Charles R., Cleveland ; Morrison, W. E.,
Youngstown; Morrow, D. Q., Hillsboro; Murdock, Mrs. James Riley, Cincinnati.

Nash, C. W., Amelia; Neff, C. Gordon, Cincinnati; Neff, Mrs. C. Gordon, Cincin-
nati; Newell, Miss Margaret R. F., Bainbridge; Newell, W. C., Bainbridge; Ney, Mrs.
Robert W., Cleveland; Nicholas, Mrs. F. M., Cleveland; Nicholas, Miss Marjorie, Cleve-
land; Nichols, Mrs. C. C., Wilmington; Nichols, S. P., Oberlin; Nichols, Miss Viola M.,
Cleveland; Niles, Mrs. Louis Edward, Springfield; Norris, Myron A., Youngstown; Nye,
Miss Sue E., Dayton.

Oberlin Chapter, Oberlin; Ohler, Mrs. James O., Lima; Ohler, Miss Katherine,
Lima; Omwake, John, Cincinnati; Order of Eastern Star, No. 183, Bainbridge; Orr,
George B., Cincinnati; Osborn, Herbert, Columbus; Outcalt, Honorable Miller, Cin-
cinnati; Overman, Vernon Elias, Hillsboro; Overpeck, Mrs. J. W., Hamilton.

Paddock, Wendell, Columbus; Paige, D. K., Akron; Paine, James H., Cleveland;
Patterson, Austin M., Xenia; Pauly, Mrs. Charles A., Cincinnati; Pease, A. Per Lee,
Manillon; Peebles, Joseph Staub, Cincinnati; Peebles, Mrs. Joseph Staub, Cincinnati;
Penfield, Louis Wakeman, Willoughby; Pennell, W. W., Mount Vernon; Peskind,
Doctor A., Cleveland; Phibb, Miss Anna M., Bainbridge; Phillips, W. D., Cincinnati;
Phipps, Mrs. L. F., Cincinnati; Pierce, Mrs. Stephen L., Cleveland; Pike, Stanley,
Greenfield; Pine, Mrs. C. J., Popenoe, Cincinnati; Pogue, Mrs. Samuel, Cincinnati;
Porter, Mrs. William D., Cincinnati; Porter, W. H., London; Powell, Miss Mary E.,
Bellefontaine; Prescott, A. J., D. O., Lorain; Price, W. A., Cleveland; Prosser, Charles
S., Columbus; Puchta, Miss Anna M., Cincinnati; Puchta, Miss Ella, Cincinnati;
Puchta, George, Cincinnati; Puchta, Lawrence G., Cincinnati.

Radcliffe, G. C., Peninsula; Ramsey, Mrs. Stanley M., Cincinnati; Ranchous, Walter
E. M., Columbus; Randolph, Mrs. Fannie Burgoyne Jones, Cincinnati; Ranly, Doctor
John, Cincinnati; Ratterman, Mrs. Bernard J., Cincinnati; Ravogli, Doctor Augustus,
Cincinnati; Ray, Mrs. Victor, Cincinnati; Read, Roger Burkam, Cincinnati; Reece, Da-
vid, Cincinnati; Reece, Mrs. Ella, Cincinnati; Reece, Miss Ellen, Hillsboro; Reed, Doc-
tor Charles A. L., Cincinnati; Reed, Mrs. Charles S., Cleveland; Reeder, Charles Wells,
Columbus; Reeder, Mrs. E. G., Hamilton; Rehberg, H. D., Middle Bass; Reid, J. F.,

D. O., Warren; Renner, Mrs. O. J., Cincinnati; Return, Jonathan Meigs Chapter, Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution, Pomeroy; Reynolds, Mrs. Thomas J., Cincinnati;
Rhines, Mrs. George, Toledo; Rice, Edward L., Delaware; Richards, Mrs. J. H., Hills-
boro; Richards, Mrs. R. L., Cleveland; Richardson, Charles L., D. O., Cleveland; Rich-
ardson, S. O., Jr., Toledo; Richman, George Hays, Cleveland; Riddle, Mrs. Margaret J.,
Bellefontaine; Rifenbereck, Miss Eleanor, Cleveland; Rifenberick, Mrs. R. P., Cincin-
nati; Robb, Hunter, Cleveland; Robinson, Mrs. J. A., Cleveland; Robinson, Professor
S. W., Columbus; Rockhold, Georgiana B., Bainbridge; Rodgers, Miss Bertha N., Day-
ton; Rodgers, Miss Esther V., Dayton; Rodgers, Miss Harriet E., Dayton; Rodgers.
J. W., Dayton; Rodgers, James William, Jr., Dayton; Rodgers, Miss Mabel Ruth, Day-
ton; Rodgers, Miss Martha C., Dayton; Rodgers, Miss Olive, Dayton; Ross, Miss
Helena, Hamilton; Roth, Mrs. Edward N., Cincinnati; Rowe, Mrs. James W., Cincin-
nati; Rowland, Mrs. Charles E., Toledo; Royce, William D., Cleveland; Rubel, Miss
Imogene, Cincinnati; Rucker, Mrs. Edward P., Cincinnati; Ryan, Miss Effie Virginia,
Cincinnati.

Sackett, Doctor William A., Akron; Sagmeister, Mrs. Edith M., Cincinnati; San-
born, R. W., Akron; Santee, Leon B., M. D., Limaville; Saxby, Howard, Cincinnati:
Scarff, Mrs. Gorton Riddle, Bellefontaine; Schaffner, John H., Columbus; Schenck, Doc-
tor W. E., Cincinnati; Schmidt, Miss Elizabeth Adams, Cleveland; Schneider, Louis,

[I98]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Cincinnati; Scholle, Mrs. W. F., Cleveland; Schuster, Mrs. George R., Xenia; Schwartz,
Mrs. Albert, Cincinnati; Scott, Miss Jane, Hillsboro; Seamans, Mrs. F. M., Cleveland;
Seasongood, Mrs. Alfred, Cincinnati; Seely, Mrs. Helen, Cincinnati; Selfridge, Mrs.
Anna B., Lima; Sella, Mrs. W. B., Columbus; Seymour, Miss Katherine H., Bainbridge;
Sharp, Charles C., Nelsonville; Sheridan, Margaret, D. O., Cleveland; Sherwood, Mrs.
M. C., Cincinnati; Shillito, Miss Elizabeth, Cincinnati; Shotwell, Mrs. Walter G., Cadiz;
Shuff, John L., Cincinnati; Simpson, Mrs. William T., Cincinnati; Singleton, R. H.,
D. O., Cleveland; Slocum, Charles Elihu, M. D., Defiance; Smith, Mrs. Charles H., Cleve-
land; Smith, Mrs. Cora McDougal, Cincinnati; Smith, Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, Cincin-
nati; Smith, Mrs. E. C., Cincinnati; Smith, Mrs. George S., Cleveland; Smith, Samuel
Watson, Cincinnati; Smith, Mrs. Samuel W., Cincinnati; Smith, Mrs. William A.,
Youngstown; Snyder, Doctor F. D., Ashtabula; Sommer, Mrs. Maude Lauffer, Cincin-
nati; Sorenson, L. C., Toledo; Spargur, Mrs. H. W., Hillsboro; Sprankle, Mrs. A. E.,
Cleveland; Sprigg, R. L., Cincinnati; Springer, Doctor Alfred, Cincinnati; Stanage,
Mrs. H. W., Jr., Cincinnati; Stanage, Mrs. W. H., Cincinnati; Stelzer, Miss Lena, Lima;
Stevens, Doctor E. S., Lebanon; Stewart, Miss Olive, Dayton; Stewart, Robert W.,
M. D., Cincinnati; Stickney, Malcolm E., Granville; Stiles, L. C., Austinburg; Stilwell,
Mrs. Anna Davenport, Troy; Stivers, Mrs. J. R., Ripley; Stone, Julius F., Columbus;
Stout, O. G., D. O., Dayton; Strobridge, Mrs. William, Cincinnati; Stuart, William A.,
Cincinnati; Students of Ohio University, Athens; Sullivan, Mrs. S. G., Cincinnati;
Swartzel, Karl Dale, Columbus; Swetland, Mrs. Henry C., Mount Vernon; Swisher,
Harry, Newark.

Taft, Mrs. Samuel H., Cincinnati; Tate, Mrs. Magnus A., Cincinnati; Tatman, Mrs.
Annie Batavia; Taylor, Miss Helen Louise, Cincinnati; Taylor, Mrs. James F., Cincin-
nati; Taylor, Miss May Dudley, Cincinnati; Taylor, S. N., M. D., Cincinnati; Taylor,
W. D., Cleveland; Thomms, Mrs. Joseph C., Cincinnati; Thompson, Mrs. George, Cin-
cinnati ; Thompson, George H., Cincinnati ; Thomson, Mrs. Peter G., Cincinnati : Tilden,
Guy, Canton; Tilden, Roy E., D. O., Cleveland; Toby, Walter L., Hamilton; Toby, Mrs.
Walter L., Hamilton; Todd, Joe H., Wooster; Todd, Mrs. William R., Cincinnati;
Tower, O. F., Cleveland; Townsend, M. D., Conneaut; Tozier, Mrs. Charles B., Cleve-
land; Travis, Mrs. Virginia G., Youngstown; Trounstine, Oscar A., Cincinnati; Trout,
Mrs. W. W., Columbus; Truby, William, Painesville; Truesdall, Clayton R., Fremont;
Truesdall, Miss Elizabeth West, Fremont; Truesdall, Hiram Read, Fremont; Truesdall,
Miss Mary Elizabeth, Fremont; Trumper, Miss Jessie Smith, Cleveland; Trush, J.,
Cincinnati; Tuckerman, Miss Florence S., Youngstown; Turnipseed, Lutie, Cincinnati;
Tuttle, Horace B., Cleveland; Tyler, Mrs. Caroline B., Geneva; Twitchell, Ernst,
Wyoming.

Urban* Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Urbana.

Vail, Miss Charlotte, Cincinnati; Vail, Deelas, Cincinnati; Vail, Derrick T., Cincin-
nati; Vail. Harris H., Cincinnati; Vail, Mrs. J. B., Lima; Vail, Miss Rosalind, Cincinnati;
Vicary, Mrs. George S., Lima.

Waddell, John M., Greenfield; Waddell, Mrs. John M., Greenfield; Waddell. Mrs.
N. P., Greenfield; Wagar, Mrs. Mars, Cleveland; Wah-Wil-A-Way Chapter, Daughters
of the American Revolution, Hillsboro; Wainwright, Miss Julia Foraker, Cincinnati;
Walbridge, Carlton Barnes, Toledo; Walbridge, Mrs. Cornell, Toledo; Walbridge, Wil-
liam S., Toledo; Waldorf, George P., Toledo; Walsh, Mrs. John M., Cincinnati; Walther,
Elmore, Cincinnati; Walton, Mrs. Albert Howard, Cincinnati; Warner, Miss Maude L.,
Cincinnati; Warnock, W. R., Urbana; Washburn, Miss Daisy E., D. D., Port Clinton;
Washington, Reverend William Morrow, Cuyahoga Falls; Watson, Judge David K.(
Columbus; Watts, Mrs. Lou, Greenfield; Weachter, E. R., Mount Washington; Weach-
ter, E. R., Sr., Mount Washington; Weaver, Edwin O., Springfield; Weaver, Mrs. O. L.,
Cleveland; Weber, Mrs. Charles, Cincinnati; Weber, Mrs. Edna Watts, Toledo; Welch'
Mrs. Martha Lyons, Cadiz; Weld, Mrs. J. W., Cleveland; Wenger, J., D. O., Mount
Vernon; Werk, Louis, Cincinnati; Wernicke, Clara, D. O., Cincinnati; West, Miss Eliza-
beth Felton, Bainbridge; West Henry Hall, Fremont; West, Mrs. Nellie Johnson, Belle-
fontaine; West, Thomas D., Cleveland; Western Reserve Chapter, Daughters of the
American Revolution, Lakewopd; Wheeler, Mrs. Charles Yandis, Cuyahoga Falls-
Whitaker, Mrs. A. L., Cincinnati; Whitaker, Mrs. C. H., Toledo; Wickham, E. M., Dela-
ware; VVickham, Honorable Emmet M., Delaware; Wieman, Harry Lewis, Cincinnati-
Wilkinson, Rufus Herlius, Youngstown; Will Riddle Camp Sons of Veterans, Belle-

[199]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

fontaine; Willard, Mrs. Verrelle, Cincinnati; Williams, Mrs. L. Vern, Ripley; Williams,
Mrs. Rebecca R., Bellefontaine; Willson, Alfred L., Columbus; Wilson, D. T., Cleve-
land; Wilson, Mrs. George C., Youngstown; Wilson, Myron H., Cleveland; Wilson,
William Garrick, Cleveland; Wilson, Mrs. William H., Springfield; Wiltsee, Mrs. Percy
L., Cincinnati; Wiseman, H. C., Springfield; Wittman, James D., Jackson; Wolfe, Nor-
man M., Mansfield; Woodlief, J. R., Batavia; Woodman, Miss Charlotte, Youngstown;
Woodmansee, D. D., Cincinnati; Woods, Mrs. John Ewing, Cincinnati; Woods, Mrs.
William, Cincinnati; Wooley, Paul G., Cincinnati; Woolverton, Mrs. W. B., Columbus;
Wright, Samuel St. John, M. D., Akron.

Yergason, Mrs. H. C., Cincinnati; Young, O. E., Greystown; Yowell, Everett I.,
Cincinnati.

Zink, Lavinia, Hillsboro.

£DklaIjoma

Dunlap, H. M., Caddo; Duval, E. P. R., Norman.

Grumbine, Grant B., Alva.

Hammar, Karl, Oklahoma City.

Lawrence, William E., Stillwater; Lockwood, Marcus L., Tedda.

Rissman, Otto, Bartlesville.

Simons, C. J., Grimes; Spilman, E. G., Guthrie.

Winton, W. M., Edmond.

Alvord, W. U., Portland.

Bates, H. L., Forest Grove; Bonser, Porter, Portland; Bovard, John F., Eugene;
Boynton, W. P., Eugene; Bryant, C. W., Portland.

Dabney, P. P., Portland ; Dunn, Frederic S., Eugene.

Fenton, William D., Portland.

Gray, Miss Margaret V., Oswego; Grover, L. F., Portland.

Lathrop, F. H., Portland; Lawrie, H. N., Portland; Leonard, Herman Burr, Eugene.

Malcolm, P. L., Portland; McBride, George W., Portland; McCamant, Wallace.
Portland; Muir, William T., Portland.

Ober, Doctor Marion Helena, Milwaukee.

Power, Frank W., Portland.

Ray, John B., Necanicum; Rockey, Alpha E., M. D., Portland; Rogers, Lewis Alton,
Portland.

Sampson, W. R., Portland; Saunders, William C., Portland.

Taverner, William, Ashland; Thompson, C. H., Portland; Thompson, Eugene V..
Portland.

Voorhies, Mrs. Gordon, Portland.

Wheelwright, William D., Portland; Wight, E. B., Portland; Wood, A. B., Cottage
Grove; Woodward, Tyler, Portland.

Addison, Doctor W. H. F., Philadelphia; Albright, Mrs. Annie D., Conshohocken
Post Office; Atterbury, W. W., Radnor; Attix, J. C., M. D., Philadelphia.

Babasinian, V. T., South Bethlehem; Baird, Arthur C., Pittsburg; Baird, Miss Lucy
H., Philadelphia; Baker, John J., Jr., White Haven; Balch, E. S., Philadelphia; Baldwin,
Bird T., West Chester; Bancroft, J. Sellers, Philadelphia; Earth, Doctor Carl G., Phil-
adelphia; Bascom, Miss Florence, Bryn Mawr; Behrend, B. A., Pittsburg; Bergey, D. H.,
Philadelphia; Betton, Samuel, Philadelphia; Biddle, Miss Christine, Westchester; Bon-
ham, Miss Elizabeth S., York; Bosbyshell, Charles Albert, West Philadelphia; Braman,
W. W., State College; Bredin, George S., Westchester; Broadhead, Mrs. Robert, King-
ston; Brown, Amos P., Philadelphia; Brown, Charles J., Arnold City; Brown, Thomas
Stephen, Pittsburg; Brown, William Wallace, Bradford; Bruegel, A. Theodore, Phil-
adelphia; Buchanan, James Isaac, Pittsburg; Buckhout, W. A., State College; Buckman,
Doctor Ernest U., Wilkes-Barre; Burnham, William, Philadelphia; Busch, Miers,
Philadelphia.

Cadwalader, Richard M., Philadelphia; Campbell, W. A., Sewickley; Cassard, Mrs.

[2OO]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Herbert, Philadelphia; Chalfaut, Miss Sarah W., West Chester; Chambers, George Gai-
ley, Lansdowne; Chambers, Will Grant, Pittsburg; Chambers, W. H., M. D., McKees-
port; Charlton, John Pascal, Sr., Philadelphia; Christie, James, Philadelphia; Clark,
James M., Pittsburg; Clarke, J. Alexander, A. M., Philadelphia; Clutz, Frank H., Cham-
bersburg; Coca, Doctor A. F., Philadelphia; Cohen, Doctor S. Solis, Philadelphia; Col-
ket, G. Hamilton, Philadelphia; Colton, Harold S., Ph. D., Philadelphia; Comerer, Doc-
tor J. Alden, Vintondale; Condit, E. A., Jr., Pittsburg; Converse, Charles A., Philadel-
phia ; Cornman, Oliver P., Philadelphia ; Corwin, D. Porter, Pittsburg ; Cox, John L.,
Philadelphia; Craig, Alex R., Philadelphia; Cresson, Ezra T., Jr., Swarthmore; Crispin,
Benjamin Gaton, Berwick; Crispin, Frederick Gaton, Berwick; Cunningham, Miss Susan
J., Philadelphia; Currie, Doctor Thomas R., Philadelphia.

Daecke, V. A. E., Harrisburg; David, William King, Philadelphia; Davis, W. Wai-
ley, Harrisburg; Davison, Alvin, Easton; Dery, D. George, Catasauqua; Detwiller, John
K., Easton; Didier, Paul, N. S. Pittsburg; Diehl, Tilghman H., Allentovrn; Dolt, Maurice
L., South Bethlehem; Donaldson, Henry H., Philadelphia; Drew, David A., Philadelphia;
Dutton, W. Forest, M. D., Carnegie.

Emory, Mrs. Ella, Wilkes-Barre; Eshner, Augustus A., Philadelphia; Ewing, E. C,
West Chester.

Farnham, Miss Catherine, Wilkes-Barre; Farnham, Miss Penelope Mercer, Wilkes-
Barre; Farr, William W., M. D., Philadelphia; Farrar, Silas Clarke, N. S. Pittsburg;
Ferguson, Professor J. A., State College; Flick, Lawrence F., Philadelphia; Fox, Henry,
Collegeville; Frazer, John, Philadelphia; Freeman, Edward C., Cornwall; Freeman, Wal-
ter J., M. D., Philadelphia; Fries, J. August, State College.

Gagsby, George W., New Castle; Carman, Honorable John M., Wilkes-Barre;
Gensemer, George W., Pine Grove; Genth, F. A., Philadelphia; Gildersleeve, Nathaniel,
Philadelphia; Gilliland, S. H., Marietta; Gilmore, R. W., Dunbar; Goldsmith, Doctor E.,
Philadelphia; Green, Miss Sarah Letty, Chambersburg; Green, William H., Philadel-
phia; Gucker, Frank T., Philadelphia; Guernsey, Doctor Joseph C., Philadelphia.

Haimbach, Frank, Philadelphia; Halberstadt, Baird, Pittsville; Hale, H. W. K.,
Philadelphia; Hall, Lyman Beecher. Ph. D., Haverford; Hall, William T., M. D., Taren-
tum; Hammond, Doctor Julian T., Jr., Philadelphia; Happer, Mrs. Matilda M. W.,
Washington; Harman, Miss Mary T., State College; Harmon, H. W., Grove City;
Harshberger, Doctor John W., Philadelphia; Harris, N. R., Philadelphia; Hartfield,
Charles J., M. D., Philadelphia; Hartline, D. S., A. M., Bloomsburg; Harvey, Mrs. Olin
F., Wilkes-Barre; Hawes, Doctor John W., Windsor; Hawkesworth, Reverend Alan
Spencer, Pittsburg; Heisler, John C., M. D., Philadelphia; Heller, Doctor J. B., Easton;
Heller, William John, Bethlehem; Herron, Harry J., Pittsburg; Hibbard, Walter R.,
Chester; Hicks, Edwin F., Philadelphia; Hiltebeitel, A. M., Trappe; Hoopes, Homer E.,
Media; Hornbeck, Doctor James L., Catasaqua; Hornor, H. A., Philadelphia; Hostetter,
D. Herbert, Pittsburg; House, J. A. G., Pittsburg; Hubbell, Charles, Philadelphia; Huff,
William B., Bryn Mawr; Hunsicker, Edwin S., Norristown; Husik, Isaac, Philadelphia;
Hustead, James M., Uniontown; Hutchinson, Mrs. Clay L., Newtown; Hutchinson, S.
Pemberton, Philadelphia; Hynicka, L. R., Lebanon.

Ingram, Professor E. L., Philadelphia.

Jackson, Mrs. Letitia B., Wilkes-Barre; James, J. H., Pittsburg; Jayne, Doctor Hor-
ace, Wallingford; Jeffries, William K., Philadelphia; Jennings, Otto E., Pittsburg; John-
son, Charles Morris, Avalon; Johnson, J. C., Philadelphia; Johnson, Thomas H., Pitts-
burg.

Karsner, Charles Waugh, Philadelphia; Keen, Doctor W. W., Philadelphia; Keller,
Mrs. Chauncey Reynolds, Scranton; Kennedy, Mrs. Amelia Carter, Scranton; Kennedy,
W. D., Scranton; Kershner, Jefferson E., Lancaster; Klein, Arthur W., Bethlehem;
Knox, William F., McKeesport; Koch, J. A., Pittsburg; Kraemer, Henry, Ph. D., Phil-
adelphia.

Landstreet, Barent, Philadelphia; Landstreet, S. J., Philadelphia; Laramy, R. E.,
Phoenixville; LaWall, Charles H., Philadelphia; Lee, Benjamin, Harrisburg; Leeds,
Charles Carley, Pittsburg; Leeds, Morris E., Philadelphia; Leffler, William Harrison,
M. D., McKeesport; Lewis, Doctor Bertha, Malvern; Lewis, John Dennis, Philadelphia;
Lindsay, Mrs. James G., Germantown; Lindsay, Miss Mildred, Germantown; Litchfield,
Doctor Lawrence, Pittsburg; Logan, Albert J., Pittsburg; Logan, William Thomas,
Philadelphia; Longaker, Daniel, M. D., Philadelphia; Love, Ozro T., Germantown;
Lusher, Professor A. N., Berwick; Lyon, J. D., Pittsburg.

[201]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Macfarlane, John M., Philadelphia; Mariott, W. R., Swarthmore; Martin, C. E.,
Titusville; Martin, James, Philadelphia; Martin, James William, Elizabeth; McAdam,
D. J., Washington; McCamant, Bruce, Harrisburg; McClelland, J. H., Pittsburg; Mc-
Connell, W. R., State College; McCreath, Andrew S., Harrisburg; McCutcheon, Thomas
P., Jr., Philadelphia; McDonald, Miss Margaret, White Haven; McLean, J. Donald,
Pittsburg; McLure, Norman R., Phoenixville; McNary, Joseph R., Burgettstown; Mc-
Nary, W. James, Burgettstown; Menges, Franklin, Ph. D., York; Merrick, E. D., New
Brighton; Mickley, Miss Minnie F., Allentown; Miles, George K., Allegheny; Miller,
John A., Swarthmore; Miller, Joseph, Philadelphia; Miller, William M., Wilkes-Barre;
Mitchell, Walter N., Philadelphia; Moerk, Frank X., Philadelphia; Moffitt, Miss Mar-
tha, Wilkes-Barre; Moore, J. Percy, Philadelphia; Morton, A. N., Rutledge; Moulton,
Mrs. Byron P., Ardmore; Mulford, H. K., Company, Philadelphia; Murray, J. F., Phil-
adelphia; Musser, John Herr, M. D., Philadelphia; Myers, Wilbur A., Wilkes-Barre.

Nassau, Robert Hamill, Ambler; Noble, Doctor Harriet I., Philadelphia; Nolan,
Edward J., Philadelphia; Nutt, Barry L., South Bethlehem; Nye, Andrew A., Ellwood
City.

O'Donnell, Mrs. Charles, Sharpsburg; Oliphant, F. H., Oil City; Ortmann, A. E.,
M. D., Pittsburg.

Palmer, Harry M., Pittsburg; Pardee, Mrs. Mary C., White Marsh; Parish, Fred,
Wilkes-Barre; Partridge, Edward A., Philadelphia; Passmore, Mrs. Lincoln K., Ger-
mantown; Pearson, Mrs. Frank, Philadelphia; Pease, Frederick B., Easton; Pease, F. N.,
Altooma; Penrose, R. A. F., Jr., Philadelphia; Peterson, O. A., Pittsburg; Phillips,
George R., Pittsburg; Pierce, Miss Bessie Gillespie, Conshohocken; Piersol, George A.,
Philadelphia; Pinkerton, Andrew, Pittsburg; Potter, Colonel T., Jr., Philadelphia; Pren-
tiss, Miss Harriet Doane, Philadelphia; Prichard, Miss Margaret I., Philadelphia.

Rafferty, Mrs. W. C., Pittsburg; Randolph, Miss Harriet, Bryn Mawr; Raymond,
Percy E., Pittsburg; Reckefus, Doctor Charles H., Philadelphia; Reeds, Chester A.,
Bryn Mawr; Reno, George E., Sewickley; Reynolds, Mrs. Benjamin, Wilkes-Barre;
Ricketts, Colonel R. B., Wilkes-Barre; Riesman, Doctor David, Philadelphia; Riggs,
N. C., Pittsburg; Ritchie, Craig D., Philadelphia; Roberts, Edward George, Pittsburg;
Rosengarten, George D., Philadelphia; Rosenthal, Doctor Edwin, Philadelphia; Ross,
Mansfield A., Coraopolis; Rothermel, John G., Philadelphia; Sadler, S. S., Morrisville;
Samson, Harry G., Pittsburg; Sandblad, A. G., M. D., McKeesport; Saunders, Wil-
liam E., Philadelphia; Sawyer, Miss Eleanor, Allegheny.

Sawyer, Miss Mary, Allegheny; Scharar, C. H., Scranton; Schiedt, R. C., Lancaster;
Schmucker, S. C., Westchester; Scott, H. G., Pittsburg; Scott, Thomas, Pittsburg;
Scott, Mrs. William J., Wilkes-Barre; Scull, Miss Sarah A., Smethport; Seal, Alfred N.,
Germantown; Searight, James A., Uniontown; Selden, E. V. D., Oil City; Shaw, Charles
F., State College; Shaw, George E., Pittsburg; Shaw, W. A., Pittsburg; Shinn, O. L.,
Philadelphia; Shortz, Edwin, Wilkes-Barre; Shortz, Mrs. Edwin, Wilkes-Barre; Simp-
son, F. M., Lewisburg; Skinner, Henry, Philadelphia; Small, G. G., Aspinwall; Smith,
Edgar F., Philadelphia; Smith, J. Hammond, Pittsburg; Smith, Miss Jennie M., Alle-
gheny City; Smith, Brigadier General, Joseph R., U. S. A., Philadelphia; Snpwden, A.
Lowdon, Philadelphia; Snyder, Monroe B., Philadelphia; Sorber, E. R., Philadelphia;
Spear, David Robins, Pittsburg; Spencer, William, Erie; Spitzka, Doctor Edward An-
thony, Philadelphia; Stapleton, Mrs. Harriet Richardson, Philadelphia; Stapleton, Miss
Helen, Philadelphia; Sterling, Mrs. Addison, Wilkes-Barre; Stevens, C. L., Athens;
Stevens, N. M., Bryn Mawr; Stewart, Miss Agnes G., Allegheny.

Taylor, Mrs. Charles L., Pittsburg; Taylor, Edward B., Pittsburg; Taylor, John J.,
M. D., Philadelphia; Taylor, S. A., C. E., Pittsburg; Thaw, Mrs. William, Pittsburg;
Thomas, J. Fred, Sharon; Thomson, Miss Anne, Philadelphia; Thomson, Clarke, Phil-
adelphia; Thomson, Frank G., Philadelphia; Tilghman, B. C., Philadelphia; Torrance,
Charles E., Pittsburg; Travis, James Herbert, Pitcairn; Trowbridge, Reverend C. R.,
Easton.

Ulman, Joseph F., M. D., Philadelphia.

Veeder, Andrew T., Pittsburg; Veeder, Herman Greig, Pittsburg.

Wainwright, Joseph Benson Foraker, Philadelphia; Wagner, Samuel, West Chester;
Walkinshaw, D. R., Greensburg; Walsh, Doctor Joseph, Philadelphia; Walter, Miss
Emma, Philadelphia; Wardle, H. Newell, Philadelphia; Washington Camp, Berwick;

[2O2]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Watson, Miss Elizabeth Thompson, Washington; Weckesser, Mrs. Frederick J., Wilkes-
Barre; Weida, Charles A., Redding; Wells, Miss Charlotte, Forty Fort; Welsh, Francis
Ralston, Philadelphia; Wenner, John F., Allentown; Wenner, Thomas P., Allentown;
Westinghouse, George, Pittsburg; Wheeler, Miss Ruth W., Pittston; Wherry, Edgar
T., Philadelphia; White, Doctor Roland T., Pittsburg; Whittlesey, John E., Pittsburg;
Wiener, Mrs. Charles A., Wilkes-Barre; Wilfong, M. F., Philadelphia; Williams, John C,
Ridgway; Wills, George W., Philadelphia; Wilson, J. C., Philadelphia; Wister, Jones,
E. M., Philadelphia; Wood, Williston P., Grand Valley; Worden, Mrs. Thomas B.,
Wilkes-Barre; Wren, Christopher, Plymouth; Wrightmoor, J. S., D. D., Scranton;
Wyeth, Brenton, Rosemont; Wyeth, Francis Maxwell, Rosemont.
Zuber, William H., Jeannette; Zulich, Mrs. S. S., Valley Forge.

Lvfjofir JShmti

Allen, Charles H., East Greenwich; Austin, Amory, Newport; Austin, A. William,
Providence.

Barnes, Doctor Harry Lee, Wallum Lake; Barus, Carl, Providence; Bourn, A. O.,
Providence; Bowen, Henry, Providence; Bowen, William, M. P., Providence; Brown,
Robert P., Providence; Browning, William A., East Greenwich; Burlingham, H., New-
port.

Cady, William H., Providence; Claflin, Albert W., Providence; Crooker, G. H.,
Providence.

Daniels, Captain George M., Providence; Davis, Jeffrey, Providence; Davis, Na-
thaniel F., Providence; Dennis, John R., Providence; Drown, Charles L., Providence.

Easton, N. Howard, Pawtucket; Emmons, Arthur B., Newport; Erastus, Fred W.,
Pawtucket.

Fenner, H. N., Providence; Francis, E. Charles, Woonsocket; Fulton, Doctor
Frank T., Providence.

Gammell, William, Providence; Gay, William H., Providence; Godd, Isaac L.,
Providence; Greene, Samuel Ward, East Greenwich.

Harris, Ernest Ayres, Providence; Hazard, Honorable R. G., Peace Dale; Hough,
Walter S., Providence; Rowland, Miss Alice M., Hope.

Irons, Charles F., Providence.

Kalloch, Lewis H., Providence; Kenyon, Albert F., Providence; Kenyon, Edwin
A., Carolina.

Mason, Fletcher S., Providence; Maynard, Washburn, Narragansett Pier; Merrow,
Miss Harriet Lathrop, Kingston; Moody, R. C., Newport.

Nightingale, George C., Providence; Nightingale, William G., Providence.

Page, Doctor Charles Whitney, Watch Hill; Paine, Henry J., Foster; Painter,
Park, Watch Hill; Palmer, A. DeF., Ph. D., Providence; Pearce, E. D., Providence;
Peck, Allen M., Providence; Peck, Frederick S., Barrington; Pierce, Byron A., Provi-
dence; Porter, Henry Perry, Providence.

Remington, Charles Howard, East Providence; Rhodes, Christopher, Providence;
Richards, Edgar, Newport.

Sayles, Albert H., Pascoag; Sheldon, Philip C., Pawtucket; Slade, William Lloyd,
Providence; Society of Colonial Dames, Providence; Stone, Ellen A., M. D., Provi-
dence, Straight, Charles Tillinghast, Pawtucket.

Tillinghast, George L., Providence; Tillinghast, Lodowick H., Providence.

Wheeler, H. J., Kingston; White, William R., M. »., Providence; Wilbour, Mrs.
Joshua, Bristol.

Carolina

Ainslie, George G., Clemson College.

Baker, Leonard F., Columbia; Barre, H. W., Clemson College.
Cole, Lieutenant Colonel Eli K., U. S. M. C., Port Royal; Corbett, John W., M. E>.,
Camden.

Earle, Baylis H., M. D., Charleston.
Jones, John F., Blacksburg.

[203]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Keith, T. E., Clemson College; Kendall, Francis Drake, M. D., Columbia; Knox,
F. H., Spartanburg.

Lonman, William R., Orangeburg.
Milroy, Miss Ina A., Columbia.
Poats, Thomas Grayson, Clemson College.
Watson, W. F., Greenville.

&outl) DaKotn

Beadle, W. H. H., Madison.
Countryman, F. A., Watertown.
Fessenden, T. S., Hurley.
Gross, Doctor C. C., Yankton.
Lavery, Charles J., Fort Pierre.

McClure, Pattison Francis, Pierre; McDaniel, A. B., Vermilhoix; Minot, Jonas,
Beresford.

Olive, Edgar M., Brookings.

Peabody, Miss Mary B., Sioux Falls; Perisho, Ellwood C., Vermillion.

Severin, Harry C., Brookings; Sharwood, W. J., Lead.

UttattMtt

Andrews, Mrs. Thomas B., Memphis.

Balcom, Doctor R. W., Nashville; Blake, Thomas B., Memphis.

Caples, Miss Helen Hutchinson, Johnson City; Caples, Miss Mary Lloyd, Johnson
City; Childers, Miss Gracey, Clarksville; Clark, L. C. U., Chattanooga; Claxton, P. P.,
Knoxville; Colburn, W. J., Chattanooga; Converse, W. H., Chattanooga; Cotton, E. C.,
Knoxville.

Day, Mrs. Thomas, Memphis; Dresser, Miss Prudence S., Gallatin.

Gardner, Mrs. Edwin S., Jr., Saundersville; Glenn, L. C., Nashville; Goltman, M.,
M. D., Memphis; Gordon, Charles H., Knoxville.

Hinds, J. I. D., Nashville.

Krauss, William, Memphis.

Lea, Mrs. Overton, Nashville.

Martin, Mrs. Fred, Memphis; McCall, Joseph W., M. D., Huntingdon; McGill, Doc-
tor J. T., Nashville; Metcalf, W. V., Nashville.

Nottingham, Mrs. Annie Rathburn, Chattanooga.

Ogden, R. M., Knoxville.

Perkins, Mrs. Calvin, Memphis.

Rockwell, Warren A., Harriman.

Sample, James, Johnson City; Scheibler, J. W., Jr., Memphis; Scheibler, Doctor
J. W., Memphis; General A. P. Stewart Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy.

Taylor, Franck, Bristol.

Walker, E. R., M. D., Copperhill; Watson, Mrs. James H.. Memphis; White, W. C,
Knoxville; Winchester, Mrs. James R., Memphis.

Benedict, H. Y., Austin; Bliem, W. J., San Antonio; Bratton, Clarence Stuart, Pales-
tine; Braunagel, Doctor J., San Antonio; Briggs, Clay S., Galveston; Bundy, Doctor
Z. T., Milford.

Carley, Mrs. W. T., San Antonio; Clark, Charles H., San Antonio; Curtis, George
W., Fort Worth.

Dallam, Isaac Shelby, Palestine; Dudgeon, H. R., Galveston.

Ellis, A. Caswell, Austin.

Fraps, Doctor George S., College Station.

Gillespie, Charles Brown, Houston; Girardeau, E. R., Galveston.

Harper, H. W., M. D., Austin; Heald, F. D., Ph. D., Austin; Hoffmaster, James
Taylor, Galveston; Hofstetter, G. A., M. D., Corsicana.

[204]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Lankford, J. S., San Antonio; Levy, E. L., Galveston; Littlefield, Wells, Bay City;
Lovett, E. O., M. D., Houston; Lowber, James W., Austin.

Mahoney, J. O., Dallas; Mezes, S. E., Austin; Montgomery, Edmund, Hempstead;
Munson, Joseph Theodore, Denison.

Nason, W. A., Dallas.

Otis, Reverend Alph E., Galveston.

Pacius, Eitle Fritz, Alpine; Pacius, Mrs. Oscar, Alpine; Patten, Frank C., Galves-
ton; Pearce, J. E., Austin.

Rice, E. E., Galveston; Rightor, Fred Elmer, El Paso; Robertson, H. A., Jr., Gal-
veston.

Schuster, Michael P., M. D., El Paso; Selkirk, William Mann, Galveston; Sheppard.
Morris, Texarkana; Sutton, W. S., Austin.

Tallman, P. B., Houston.

Waties, Thomas, Houston; White, Woodson T., Waco.

CUdt)

Ball, E. D., Logan; Bennion, Milton, Salt Lake City.
Kingsbury, J. T., Salt Lake City.
Talmage, James E., M. D., Titus, E. G., Logan.
Wright, E. S., M. D., Salt Lake City.

Vermont

Adams, J. Pinckney H., Fair Haven; Albe, A. M., Bellows Falls.

Bancroft, Charles A., Newport; Bingham, Doctor Leroy M., Burlington; Butter-
field, Charles W., Bellows Falls; Butterfield, F. L., Derby Sim.

Davenport, Mrs. Elizabeth B., Brattleboro; Dewy, William T., Montpelier; Dickin-
son, A. J., Benson; Dillingham, W. P., Montpelier.

Farnan, Willard, Westfield; Ferrin, Albert W., Montpelier; Flint, John W., Bellows
Falls; Foley, Miss Nellie, Burlington.

Gilson, W. D., Brattleboro; Griggs, John C., Barre.

Haskell, H. S., Derby Line.

Mathews, Edward J., Middlebury; Moody, W. A., Bethel.

Nelson, C. E., Derby Line.

Putnam, W. E., Bennington.

Seely, Henry M., Middleburg; Senton, Benjamin C., M. D., Rutland; Slayton, H. A.,
Morrisville; Stickney, VVilliam B. C., Bethel.

Taft, Elihu B., Burlington; Thomas, Evan, Burlington; Thompson, Miss Leila E.,
Brattleboro; Town, William L., Poultney; Turalley, Mrs. B. B., Burlington.

Waite, Herschel N., M. D., Johnson; Walker, Alexander C., West Brattleboro;
Wells, Charles, Burlington; Wells, F. H., Burlington; Wells, Henry, Burlington.

Ackiss, Amos Johnson, Norfolk; Alwood, William B., Charlottesville; Andrews,

E. F., Jr., Theological Seminary; Andrews, Miss Mary Lord, Theological Seminary.

Barrow, B., M. D., Barrow's Store; Bechtel, Mrs. John Adams, Williamsburg; Bill,
David S., Spencer; Bosher, Robert S., Jr., Richmond; Brock, R. A., Richmond.
Crawford, George E., Richmond.
Davis, Decatur O., Richmond; Dunlop, D. B., Petersburg; Dunnington, Professor

F. P., Charlottesville.

Fulton, R. B., Miller School.

Grandy, Charles R., Norfolk; Guthrie, Charles C., Charlotte; Guthrie, J. A., Ports-
mouth.

Heaton, A. G., Skyland; Henry, Alfred J., Bluemont; Horsley, Doctor J. Shelton,
Richmond; Hough, Professor Theodore, University; Humphreys, David C., Lexington

Johnson, T. C., Norfolk.

Knowles, Frank P., Newport News.

[205]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Leake, J. Jordan, Richmond; Levy, Doctor E. C., Richmond; Lewis, L. L., Rich-
mond.

Macon, L. S., Orange; Magruder, E. W., Richmond; Mallet, Doctor J. W., Char-
lottesville; Mason, J. P. H., Accolink; Mayo, Edward Carrington, Richmond; Miller,
John G., Richmond; M'Laughlin, T. N., Herndon.

Parker, William H., Richmond; Pomeroy, E. H., Black Mountain; Price, Robert
C, Miller School.

Reed, Howard S., Blacksburg; Reynolds, Major F. P., Fort Monroe; Rogers, Frank
Ellsworth, Norfolk.

Saeub, John, Richmond; Scott, Miss Frances, Richmond; Spencer, J. H., Martins-
ville; Steer, Albert B., Richmond; Stone, Professor Ormond, Charlottesville.

Tree, F. B., Richmond.

Watson, Thomas L., Charlottesville; White, J. A., Richmond; Williams, E. G.,
Richmond; Williams, J. E., Blacksburg; Wolfes, Louis F., Clifton Forge; Wright,
H. D., Pocahontas.

American Myth Chapter of Mu Theta Delta, Seattle; Anderson, Thomas M., Van-
couver; Ankeny, Rollin V., Seattle; Armstrong, Lyndon K., Spokane; Augustine, J. W.,
Seattle.

Banks, Harry P., Seattle; Brainerd, Erastus, Seattle; Bretz, J. Harlan, Seattle;
Brooke, George S., Spokane; Byers, Ovid A., Seattle.

Cole, Irving T., Seattle.

Davidson, H. J., Seattle ; Doolittle, Doctor George T., Spokane.

Eagleson, J. B., M. D., Seattle; Elliott, Charles P., Spokane; Ely, Smith, Spokane.

Fielde, Miss Adele M., Seattle; Fulmer, Elton, Pullman.

Glazier, Mrs. H. P., Wenatchee; Gowey, F. M., Korea; Griggs, Herbert S., Tacoma.

Hanford, A. E., Seattle; Hanford, Frank, Seattle; Hayes, James A., Tacoma; Hohne,
C. S., Seattle; Horr, Christopher W., Seattle.

Lovejoy, George A., Spokane; Luhn, Doctor Henry B., Spokane.

Olson, George A., Pullman.

Paine, W. Grant, Spokane; Pierce, Henry J., Spokane; Pott, John H., Tacoma;
Prosch, Thomas W., Seattle.

Raser, H. A., Seattle; Rieves, George I., Pullman; Renick, Frank H., Seattle; Rob-
bins, Charles P., Spokane; Rockwell, D. H., Tacoma; Rowland, H. G., Tacoma.

Sheffield, William M., Seattle; Shepard, Charles E., Seattle; Sturtevant, C. K.,
Seattle; Suttner, Doctor C. N., Walla Walla.

Walker, Robert G., Tacoma; Waiters, Daniel M., E. M., Seattle; Wight, E. J.,
Seattle; Winans, Doctor W. P., Walla Walla.

Yeaton, Cyrus F., Crystal Springs.

caret Pii-ffinia

Bigelow, Jay W., Hensley; Brook, Luther S., M. D., Morgantown; Brooks, Fred E.,
Morgantown; Brown, W. McCulloh, Bayard.

Clemson, Miss Hallie, Keyser.

Davis, Colonel T. B., Piedmont; Dye, Doctor W. T. W., Grantsville.

Ensign, John W., Huntington.

Giddings, N. J., Morgantown.

Jones, C. R., Morgantown.

Lincoln, Miss Elizabeth Hutchinson, Elkhorn; Lincoln, John J., Elkhorn; Lincoln,
Lloyd Stanley, Elkhorn.

Mathews, William Burdette, Charleston; McCune, Miss Mary Virginia, M. D.,
Martinsburg; Monroe, S. G., Clarksburg.

Newcomb, Reverend James Francis, Parkersburg.

Rathbone, Mrs. Mary E., Parkersburg; Rumsey, W. E., Morgantown.

Sutherland, Miss Virginia, Elkins.

Wingerter, Charles A., Wheeling.

[206]

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION

Barnard, E. E., Williams Bay; Blackwelder, Eliot, Madison; Bossert, Gottlob, Mil-
waukee.

Clementen, George B., Lancaster; Cole, Leon J., Madison; Collins, Doctor D. B.,
Madison; Culver, G. E., Stevens Point.

Daland, William C, Milton; Dresden, Arnold, Madison.

Egdahl, A., M. D., Menomonie.

Fitch, Grant, Milwaukee; Freschl, Carl, Milwaukee.

Haines, George C., Beloit; Hall, Doctor S. S., Rippn; Hankerson, Frederick H., La
Crosse; Head, Dan O., Kenosha; Holmes, S. J., Madison; Hooker, Charles G., Warr-
saw; Hooker, Charles G., Warrsaw; Hopkins, B. Smith, Waukesha; Humphrey, C. J.,
Madison.

Jones, L. R., Madison; Juday, Chauncey. Madison.

Kahlenberg, Louis, Madison; Kennan; K. K., Milwaukee; Kibbe, Ralph M., Mil-
waukee; King, Charles, Milwaukee; King, F. H., Madison; Kipper, H. B., Milwaukee;
Kremers, Edward, Madison.

Lasche, A. J. M., Milwaukee; Levenhart, A. S., Madison.

Marschall, A. J., Madison; Mason, John T., Milwaukee; Maurer, Eugene D., Madi-
son; McMinn, Miss Amelia, Milwaukee; Mead, Louis Henry, Shell Lake; Miller, Eric
R., Madison.

Nolte, Lewis G., M. D., Milwaukee; Noyes, George H., Milwaukee.

Orton, R. E., Darlington.

Pabst, Gustave, Milwaukee; Patitz, J. F. Max, Milwaukee; Perkins, Eugene G.,
La Crosse.

Sando, Will J., Milwaukee; Schallert, P. O., M. D., Johnson Creek; Schulte, G. H.,
Milwaukee; Sidenberg, Paul, Milwaukee; Slocum, Frederick, Williams Bay; Snow, Ben-
jamin W., Madison; Stevens, Miss Amelia F., Madison.

Thiers, Louis M., Kenosha; Trux, Melville E., Sparta.

Voje, John H., M. D., Oconomowoc.

Waters, T. B., Oshkosh; Wiedman, Samuel, Madison; Wing, E. M., La Crosse;
Wingate, W. O. B., M. D., Milwaukee; Woodbury, Frederick E., Milwaukee; Wright,
Arthur Justin, Milwaukee.

Ullpoming

Buffum, B. C., Worland.
Freeman, Gay N., Thermopolis.

Canal Zone

Angel, J. C., Cristobal.

Bray ton, R. A., Cristobal; Burgeon, B. J., Cristobal.

Carlson, R. S., Cristobal.

Erskine, William A., Cristobal.

Greenman, A. A., Cristobal.

Magerhans, Adolphe W., Cristobal; Maggard, L. B., Cristobal; Maxwell, W. H.,
Cristobal; Mock, R. W., Cristobal.

Reynolds, T. M., Cristobal.

Schildhauer, Edward, Culebra; Schwalenberg, H. J., Cristobal; Stewart, John R.,
Cristobal; Stilson, J. H., Jr., Cristobal; Stone, A. K., Cristobal.

Tucker, Herman Franklin, Culebra.

Wheelan, R. E., Cristobal.

Alexander, W. Bouglas, Honolulu.

Baldwin, E. D., Honolulu; Bond, Elias C, Honolulu; Brigham, William T., Hon-
olulu.

Chamberlain, W. W., Honolulu; Clark, Ernest B., Honolulu.

Damon, S. M., Honolulu; Dickey, C. H., Honolulu; Dickey, Lyle A., Honolulu;
Duncan, Robert A., Honolulu.

[207]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Eaton, William Lewis, Honolulu; Ehrhorn, E. M., Honolulu.

Greene, R. J., Honolulu.

Hitchcock, C. H., Honolulu; Home, Perlay Leonard, Honolulu; Hustace, C., Jr.,
Honolulu.

Juen, Henry Arthur, Honolulu.

Kennon, Colonel L. W. V., Schofield Barracks; Kingsbury, Selden B., Wailuku;
Kluegel, C. H., Hilo; Krauss, Frederick G., Honolulu.

Lyman, Eugene Hollis, Hilo; Lyman, Frederick Snowden, Oahu; Lyon, Harold L.,
Honolulu.

Mariner, H. B., Honolulu.

Parke, William C., Honolulu; Pratt, John Scott Boyd, Honolulu; Pratt, Robert J.,
Honolulu.

Snow, F. G., Mountain View.

Taylor, James T., Honolulu; Terry, Frank W., Honolulu.

Wilder, Gerrit Parmile, Honolulu; Willfong, Nathan Crosby, Hilo; Woods, S. P.,
Mahukona.

Philippine Jglanb*

Barber, George H., Olongapo; Bull, James A., Olongapo.

Case, J. F., Manila.

Dean, Lieutenant H. N., P. C., Cagayan.

Howard, Captain John, Manila.

Sheldon, Raymond, Manila.

Worcester, Dean C., Manila; Wright, Fred H., Manila.

Potto Eico

Igaravidez, Doctor P. Gutierrez, San Juan.

Cana&a

Barnes, Wilfred M., Montreal; Byers, J. Roddick, M. D., Ste. Agathe des Morts.

Charter House Chapter of Theta Ma Delta, Vancouver; Chilton, Miss Mary E., Co-
bourg; Chilton, R. S., Jr., Cobourg; Cornell, Miss Lydia H., Cobourg.

Fitzhugh, Henry, Cobourg; Foss, H. C.. Sydney.

Goulden, Miss Edith M., Montreal.

Hoppin, G. A., Sydney.

Kehl, John E., Sydney.

Leek, A. A., Sydney.

Mackley, J. C., Sydney; Milliken, E. L., Sydney; Mitchell, W. C., Montreal; Mont-
gomery, Henry, Toronto.

Primrose, Alex., Toronto.

Ralston, Mrs. George, Port Hope; Risley, W. S. Sydney.

Sappenfield, Reverend J. V., Sherwood.

Cuba

Allright, Mrs. Augustus, Vedado; Austin, C. F., Jovellanos.

Fair, Mrs. William, Havana.

Harris, Mrs. Edward G., Vedado; Harris, Miss Marion Barron, Vedado; Harris,
Thomas H., Havana; Henrickson, H. C., Havana.

Jackson, John Brinckerhoff, Havana.

Lychenheim, Mrs. Jennie, Vedado.

Springer, Miss Annie Grace, Vedado; Springer, Miss Inez V., Vedado; Springer,
Miss Mary E., Vedado; Springer, J. A., Vedado.

Whitaker, DeBerniere, Santiago de Cuba.

[208]

PUBLISHED BY THE

THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY

ENTERED AT THE POST OFFICE AT GR
AS MAIL MATTER OF THE SE

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fc4r^%

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3C, S»prnnl» (Quarter, Number 2

LONDON B. P. Stevens & Brown ST. PETERSBURG. .Watkina and Company

4 Trafalgar Square, W. C. Marskala No. S6

PARIS Brentano's CAIRO P. Dlemer

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Adrian Romo, Alcala 5 Place de la Constitution

ROME L. Plale BUENOS AYBE8 . . . John Grant and Son

1 Piazza dl Spagna Calle Cangallo 469

iflttnral 0f Ammran

VOLUME X

APRIL-MAY-JUNE

NUMBER 2

bg 0% National Ifiatoriral (Comiiamt, in QjHtarterlg lEoitiona,
Sooka In % $olum?, at 3Fonr iollara Annuallg,
Dollar a (Eopg for Single Humbpra, fnr

National ijtBinriral

(COLOR WORK ON THE COVER OF THIS NUMBER EXECUTED BY STOCKINGER PHOTO-ENGRAVING AND
PRINTING COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY)

Publication Office: Greenfield, Indiana. John Fowler Mitchell, Jr., Manager
Editorial and Subscription Offices: Forty-Second Street Building, New York

ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO THE NEW YORK OFFICES

(Mwra nf (Eh,? •National
ijtatnrUal

£ottortal itmtora

FRANK ALLABEN, President

FRANK ALLABEN;

MABEL T. R. WASHBURN, Genealogical Editor

DUDLEY BUTLER, Treasurer

JOHN FOWLER MITCHELL, JR., Associate Editor

(grand (CmutrU of

Ex-California Representa-

PHILANDER KEEP ROOTS

George Washington Memorial As-

sociation
MRS. Louis FLICKINGER

State Recording Secretary Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution

California
ROY MALCOM, A. M., PH. D.

Professor of History, University of

Southern California
MRS. CYRUS WALKER
HONORABLE NATHAN W. BLANCHARD,

A. M.
tive

MRS. JOHN LLOYD McNEiL

past Regent, Colorado, Daughters
of the American Revolution

SDfgfttftt Of Columbia
MRS. HENRY F. DIMOCK

President George Washington Me-

morial Association

CAPTAIN ALBERT HARRISON VAN
DEUSEN. Holland Society, Sons of
the American Revolution

[213]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

LEWIS HORN FISHER, LL. M.

Secretary United States Civil Serv-
ice, Fourth District
MRS. MARY STUART SMITH

jflottta
MRS. CLAUDE STELLE TINGLEY, B. S.,

M. A.

SISTER ESTHER CARLOTTA, S. R.
Ex-President Florida Division Unit-
ed Daughters of the Confederacy

Uatoati

GEORGE P. CASTLE
WILLIAM D. WESTERVELT

Jllinoio

SAMUEL S. BUTLER
HONORABLE CHARLES E. WILSON
HONORABLE JOHN H. HUNGATE
President First National Bank, La

Harpe
MRS. WASHINGTON HESING

Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Founders and Patriots
MRS. GEORGE A. LAWRENCE
MRS. HENRY CLAY PURMORT
Life-Member Society Mayflower
Descendants in Illinois

Jn&iana

JOHN FOWLER MITCHELL

President William Mitchell Printing

Company

HONORABLE GEORGE H. COOPER
Cashier Greenfield Citizens' Bank

Job) a
SHERMAN IRA POOL

Sons of the American Revolution,

Iowa State Historical Society
EDWIN WELCH BURCH

First President Iowa Baptist Bro-
therhood
HEMAN C. SMITH

Editor Journal of History

l&entutty

CHARLES ALEXANDER KEITH, B. A.
OXON.
History and Civics, East Kentucky

Normal School
MRS. WILLIAM H. THOMPSON

Vice-President General, National
Society Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution
Miss MARY NATHALIE BALDY

Miss NELLIE WOODBURY JORDAN
Instructor in History, State Normal

HUGH MACLELLAN SOUTHGATE, B. S.

American Institute Electrical Engi-

neers

ALPHONZO BENJAMIN BOWERS, C. E.
President Atlantic Harbor Railroad

Company
MRS. Louis PRANG

President Roxbury Civic Club
MRS. SARAH BOWMAN VAN NESS
Honorary Life Regent, Lexington,
Daughters of the American Rev-
olution
HENRY Louis STICK, M. D.

Superintendent Grafton State Hos-

pital
Miss CAROLINE BORDEN

Trustee American College, Constan-
tinople

[214]

FREDERICK W. MAIN, M. D.

Jackson Chamber of Commerce
MRS. JAMES H. CAMPBELL

State President, United States
Daughters of 1812

GRAND COUNCIL OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

MRS. FORDYCE HUNTINGTON ROGERS

Ex-Dean Women, Olivet College
MRS. FREDERICK BECKWITH STEVENS
Miss MARCIA MARIA RICHARDSON

Mayflower Descendants, Colonial
Dames

MRS. MARY ELIZABETH BUCKNUM
Minneapolis Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution

Miss LUELLA AGNES OWEN

Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science and
American Geographical Society

T. J. FITZPATRICK, M. S.

Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science

ELEANOR HAINES, M. D.

Life-Member, New Jersey Historical

Society

MRS. ERASTUS GAYLORD PUTNAM
Honorary Vice-President General,
National Society Daughters of
American Revolution
MRS. EX-GOVERNOR JOSEPH DORSETT

BEDLE

Past President New Jersey Colonial
Dames

HONORABLE L. BRADFORD PRINCE,

LL. D.

Ex-Governor, President Historical
Society of New Mexico

|2eto got*
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON

President Hispanic Society of Amer-
ica

REVEREND GEORGE CLARKE HOUGH-
TON, D. D.
Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of

the Revolution
CHARLES JACKSON NORTH

Life-Member Buffalo Historical So-
ciety

HENRY E. HUNTINGTON

President Los Angeles Railway Cor-
poration
JOSEPH A. MCALEENAN

Associate Member Explorers' Club
FRANK JOSEPH Louis WOUTERS,
Stockinger Photo-Engraving and

Printing Company
MRS. BENJAMIN SILLIMAN CHURCH
Incorporator Colonial Dames of

America
MRS. FREDERICK F. THOMPSON

Vice-President George Washington

Memorial Association
MRS. DANIEL S. LAMONT

President Army Relief Society
MRS. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN

Philanthropist, Trustee Barnard

College

MRS. JOHN CARSTENSEN
MRS. ALICE B. TWEEDY

National Society, Daughters of the

American Revolution
MRS. MELVILLE AUGUSTUS JOHNSON
Director Onondaga County Histor-
ical Association
MRS. CORNELIA E. S. HOLLEY

Chapin Association
MRS. HENRY A. STRONG

Life-Member George Washington
Memorial Association

[215]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Miss MAY OSBORNE

National Society Daughters of the
American Revolution

MRS. VIOLA A. BROMLEY

Fort Greene Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution

MRS. W. B. SYLVESTER

Founder and Honorary Regent,
Monroe Chapter, Daughters of the
American Revolution

MRS. NELLIS MARATHON RICH
National Society Founders and Pa-
triots of America

MRS. NATHANIEL McKAY

Member Executive Board National
American Flag Association

C. HERSCHEL KOYL, PH. D.

Fellow John Hopkins University

HONORABLE B. F. WIRT

President Equity Savings and Loan
Company

S. O. RICHARDSON, JR.

Vice-President Libbey Glass Com-
pany

MRS. OBED J. WILSON

Life-Member George Washington
Memorial Association

MRS. HOWARD JONES

Life-Member Ohio Archaeological
and Historical Society

MRS. JOHN GATES

Life-Member George Washington
Memorial Association

MRS. JOHN SANBORN CONNER

Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
Miss MARIE A. HIBBARD

Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Toledo Art Museum Associa-
tion

DAVID N. MOSESSOHN

Lawyer, Publisher and Editor The
Oregon Country

ABBOT S. COOKE

President Cooke-Wilson Electric
Supply Company

FRANCIS AUGUSTUS LOVELAND
President Chrome and Beck Tanning'
Companies

PERCEVAL K. GABLE

JOSEPH J. DESMOND

President Corry Citizens' National
Bank

GEORGE T. BUSH

Life-Member Sons of the Revolu-
tion

Ixtjobr Jglanti
ALFRED TUCKERMAN, PH. D.

American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science

Vermont

HONORABLE HENRY DWIGHT HOLTON,
M. D., A. M.

Ex-Senator, Ex-President Vermont
Society Sons of the American
Revolution

[216]

GRAND COUNCIL OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

MRS. BALDWIN DAY SPILMAN

Past Vice-President General, Na-
tional Society Daughters of the
American Revolution

MRS. LEVIN THOMAS CARTWRIGHT
Virginia Historical Society, Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution,
United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy

ettcst Virginia

C. M. BOGER, M. D.

Ex-President International Hahne-
rnann Association

COLONEL WILLIAM H. COBB

Director General, Knights of Wash-
ington

UlUGConSin

MRS. ANDREW M. JOYS

Honorary Life- President, Wisconsin
Chapter, Daughters of Founders
and Patriots of America

fetottjrrhmo
MRS. ALFRED B. SCOTT

of rijc State flbbisovp Bo arts

MRS. SHERMAN IRA POOL

State Historian Iowa Daughters of
the American Revolution

ARTHUR F. ESTABROOK

American Academy of Political and
Social Science

FRANK ST. JOHN SIDWAY

HENRY PARSONS

Military Order of the Loyal Legion

MRS. FRANK FOWLER Dow

Regent Irondequoit Chapter Daugh-

ters of the American Revolution
MRS. GEORGE GEDNEY SANDS

gorfc

HONORABLE GEORGE D. EMERSON
Ex-Member New York State Senate

MRS. CHARLES EDMUND LONGLEY
State Regent Rhode Island Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution

[217]

National

Jtarorporafefc unfor % Earns of tlj? Statrtrt of (Eolnmbia
at Washington, on tty QJronttg-IS'ixtb, Hag of April, in tfyp
$par of QiHtr ICoro, iNtnFt«n ijtmnrpfc anb Jffiftrcn, "Jffor
tltr fjitrposr of |Iromnltuy iptstforiral ICnotubonr ani»
^atrtotlam, anb tljf ppare of StgljlPOUHnfBB Among

! HE NAME by which the Society is to
be known is "The National Historical So-
ciety."

The Society is to continue in perpetuity.
The particular business and objects of
the Society will be:

(&) To inculcate and bulwark patriotism, in no par-
tisan, sectional, nor narrowly national sense, but in recog-
nition of man's high obligation toward civic righteousness,
believing that human governments are divinely ordained
to bear the sword and exercise police duty for good against
evil, and not for evil against good, and recognizing, as be-
tween peoples and peoples, that "God has made of one
blood all nations of men."

national, that the usefulness of all may be increased and
their benefits extended toward education and patriotism.

(d) To promote the work of preserving historic
land-marks and marking historic sites.

(e) To encourage the use of historical themes and
the expression of patriotism in the Arts.

The Membership-body of The National Historical
Society consists of —

(1) Original Founders, contributing five dollars
each to the Founders' Fund, thus enrolling as pioneer-build-
ers of a great National Institution ;

(2) Original State Advisory Board Founders, con-
tributing twenty-five dollars each to the Founders' Fund,
from whom are elected the Members of the State Advisory
Boards ;

(3) Original Life-Member Founders, contributing
one hundred dollars each to the Founders' Fund, from
whom are elected for life the members of the Grand Coun-
cil of the Vice-Presidents ;

(4) Patrons, who contribute one thousand dollars
to further the work of the Society ;

(5) Annual Members, who pay two dollars, annual
dues, receiving The Journal of American History.

Original Founders receive The Journal of American
History for one year, and thereafter for two dollars, an-
nual dues. State Advisory Board Founders receive The
Journal for five years, and thereafter for two dollars, an-
nual dues. Life-Member Founders and Patrons receive
The Journal for life.

THE WASHINGTON COAT-OF-ARMS. ENGRAVED IN

COLORS Front Cover

SEAL OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY. EN-
GRAVED IN COLORS Back Cover

TITLE-PAGE DESIGN 211

OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY 213
BOARD OF EDITORIAL DIRECTORS 213

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE NATIONAL
HISTORICAL SOCIETY. INCORPORATED UNDER THE
LAWS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AT WASHINGTON, ON
THE TWENTY-SIXTH DAY OF APRIL, IN THE YEAR OF OUR
LORD NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTEEN, "FOR THE PURPOSE
OF PROMOTING HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PATRIOTISM,
AND THE PEACE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS AMONG NATIONS" 218

WASHINGTON'S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY. HISTORIC
PAST OF THE RACE WHICH PRODUCED THE GREAT PATRIOT
OF. AMERICA. BLOOD ROYAL OF THE MAN WHO CHANGED A
KING'S COLONY INTO A NATION, STRONG AND INDEPENDENT.
SOME OF THE LIFE-TRANSMITTING FORCES WHOSE ANALY-
SIS, BRINGING A FULLER COMPREHENSION OF His GENIUS,
SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN BY AMERICANS WHO RECOGNIZE
THEIR DEBT TO GEORGE WASHINGTON. REPRODUCED FROM
THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY, VOLUME VI, NUM-
BER i, THE EDITION OF WHICH HAS LONG BEEN RARE AND
Is Now OUT OF PRINT, IN RESPONSE TO THE DESIRE OF
THOSE WHO CANNOT Now OBTAIN THAT ISSUE, BUT WHO
WISH THIS STUDY OF WASHINGTON'S ANCESTRY, THE EVI-
DENCES OF WHICH WERE FIRST ASSEMBLED IN THE JOUR-
NAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY — Mabel Thacher Rosemary

Washburn 241

[221]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE OLD WASHINGTON MANOR HOUSE, SULGRAVE, ENGLAND. . 225
WASHINGTON ARMS FORMERLY ON THE GARSDEN MANOR

HOUSE, NOW ON A FARM HOUSE THREE MILES DISTANT 228

ARMS AND INSCRIPTION OF LAURENCE WASHINGTON AND MAR-
GARET BUTLER 229

GOLD LOCKET-MEDAL CONTAINING A LOCK OF GEORGE WASH-
INGTON'S HAIR 232

ST. LEONARD'S CHURCH, ASTON-LE-WALLS, WHERE WERE MAR-
RIED LAURENCE WASHINGTON AND MARGARET BUTLER 233

KITCHEN IN THE WASHINGTON MANOR HOUSE, SULGRAVE. . . . 236

A VIEW OF THE WASHINGTON MANOR HOUSE, SULGRAVE 237

WASHINGTON READING A LETTER 240

CHURCH OF ST. ANDREW, ENFIELD, ENGLAND 257

HANNAH BUSHROD 260

COLONEL JOHN AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON 26l

COLONEL SAMUEL WASHINGTON, OF "HAREWOOD," JEFFERSON

COUNTY, VIRGINIA, BROTHER OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 264

ARMS OF SIR LAURENCE WASHINGTON, IMPALING THOSE OF
HIS WIFE, ANNE LEWYN, SURMOUNTING A MURAL MONUMENT
IN GARSDEN, WILTSHIRE 267

TO WOODROW WILSON— Frank Allaben 270

TO CONGRESS— Frank Allaben 271

MAP SHOWING AMERICAN ACCESSIONS IN LOUISI-
ANA TERRITORY, ALASKA, TEXAS, AND THE
WESTERN COUNTRY 272

SHOULD INTERNATIONAL LAW BE CODIFIED? PRES-
ENT CODIFICATION To BE CONSIDERED NOT AS A RESULT, BUT
AS A PROCESS. URGENT NEED OF THE WORK CAUSED BY
SWIFT MOVING OF EVENTS AMONG THE NATIONS. THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE LOVE LIBERTY, JUSTICE, THE INDEPEND-
ENCE OF NATIONS, NOT ONLY FOR THEMSELVES BUT FOR ALL
MANKIND. A GREAT SPEECH DELIVERED BEFORE THE
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, ON DECEM-
BER 31, 1915, AT WASHINGTON, D. C. — The Honorable Elihu
B. Root 273

FAC-SIMILE TITLE-PAGE OF THE FIRST BOOK PUB-
LISHED IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 278

MAP SHOWING PRINCIPAL SITES CONNECTED WITH

THE HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO 279

FAC-SIMILE LOTTERY TICKET ISSUED BY THE

SATE OF OHIO IN 1828 280

[222]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON, SUPERINTENDENT OF IN-
DIAN AFFAIRS IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES,
COMMANDER OF THE PROVINCIAL FORCES
AGAINST CROWN POINT AND OF THE INDIANS
IN THE EXPEDITION AGAINST MONTREAL, 1760 281

A LONG HOUSE OF IROQUOIS INDIANS 284

THE MOUND BUILDERS OF OHIO— Emilius O. Randall. . . 289

ILLUSTRATIONS

WALLS OF FORT ANCIENT, OHIO, MOST FAMOUS OF THE HILL-
TOP DEFENSES OF THE MOUND BUILDERS 285

PART OF THE WALL OF FORT ANCIENT 285

GREAT GATEWAY OF FORT ANCIENT 285

THE SERPENT MOUND 288

PREHISTORIC BURIAL-PLACE OF THE MOUND BUILDERS, KNOWN

AS THE EDWIN HARNESS MOUND 288

PLAN OF SPRUCE HILL FORT, ROSS COUNTY, OHIO 2Q2

SKELETON OF A MOUND BUILDER FOUND IN A STONE GRAVE IN

FORT ANCIENT 292

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF OHIO, SHOWING THE LOCATION OF
THE PRINCIPAL MOUNDS OF THE PREHISTORIC INHABITANTS 332

HARMAN BLENNERHASSETT 305

AARON BURR 308

THEODOSIA BURR ALSTON 309

THE HOME OF THE BLENNERHASSETTS 312

FAC-SIMILE COMMISSION OF GOVERNOR EDWARD
TIFFIN OF OHIO, AUTHORIZING MATTHEW
NIMMO OF CINCINNATI TO ACT AS HIS AGENT
IN ISSUING WARRANTS AGAINST THOSE CON-
CERNED IN AARON BURR'S ACTIVITIES, AND TO

CALL OUT THE STATE MILITIA 313

DAVID ZEISBERGER, MORAVIAN MISSIONARY TO

THE IROQUOIS INDIANS 316

THE REVOLUTIONARY CAMPING-GROUNDS OF THE
CONNECTICUT BRIGADES IN MORRIS COUNTY,
NEW JERSEY, THE WINTER OF 1779-80— The Rever-
end Andrew M. Sherman 321

ILLUSTRATIONS

HEAP OF WHITE CHIMNEY-STONES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY
CAMPING GROUNDS OF THE CONNECTICUT BRIGADES IN MORRIS

COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, WINTER OF 1779-80 317

RUINS OF STONE BAKE OVEN ON THE REVOLUTIONARY CAMPING
GROUNDS OF THE CONNECTICUT BRIGADES IN MORRIS COUNTY,

NEW JERSEY, WINTER OF 1779-80 32O

[223]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

MAP SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE BRIGADES OF
WASHINGTON'S ARMY IN MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, WIN-
TER OF 1779-80 324

THE ARNOLD TAVERN, MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY 329

APRIL — Georgia Cooper Washburn 331

THE FORTRESS — Georgia Cooper Washburn 331

THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SO- *
CIETY 333

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL ASSOCIA- *
TION 335

THE FIRST STATE HOUSE AT COLUMBUS, OHIO 337

THE FIRST STATE HOUSE AT CHILLICOTHE, OHIO. . . 340

FAC-SIMILE REPRODUCTION FROM A PAGE OF THE v
FIRST ISSUE OF THE FIRST NEWSPAPER PUB-
LISHED IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY 341

COLONEL HENRY BOUQUET IN A CONFERENCE "
WITH THE OHIO INDIANS ON THE BANKS OF
THE MUSKINGUM RIVER, 1764, WHEN THE SAV-
AGES AGREED TO SURRENDER THEIR PRISON-
ERS TO THE AMERICAN FORCES 344

BOUQUET RECEIVING THE CAPTIVES WHOM HE *
HAD INDUCED THE INDIANS TO RELEASE 345

DEFEAT OF GENERAL EDWARD BRADDOCK BY THE
FRENCH AND INDIANS, NEAR THE SITE OF
PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, JULY 9, 1755 348

BRADDOCK'S BATTLEFIELD 349

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL GEORGE CROGHAN, VICTO-
RIOUS DEFENDER OF FORT STEPHENSON, OHIO,
IN THE WAR OF 1812 352

MEDAL PRESENTED BY THE CONGRESS OF THE
UNITED STATES TO LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
GEORGE CROGHAN, IN COMMEMORATION OF HIS
FEARLESS DEFENCE, AGAINST GREAT ODDS, OF
FORT STEPHENSON, IN AUGUST, 1813 353

PLAN OF FORT STEPHENSON, ON THE SITE OF FRE-
MONT, OHIO 354

PLAN SHOWING THE SIEGE OF FORT MEIGS, OHIO,
APRIL 27 TO MAY 9, 1813 355

GENERAL GEORGE ROGERS CLARK AND HIS LITTLE
ARMY IN THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY— Charles Gilmer

Gray 356

[224]

0
z
H

o
5

WASHINGTON ARMS FORMERLY ON THE GARSDEN MANOR HOUSE. NOW ON A FARM
HOUSE THRF.E MILES DISTANT

HLREUETH-TItBODi'OF-LAVRENCE

WASHiNGTON-SONNE-&-HEiRE-OF

ROBERT- WASHINGTON • OF-SOVLGRM

IN-TltCOVNTiE-OFNORTHAMTON

ESQV'lER-WHOMARiED-MARGARET

TFE- ELDES T DAVGH TER-OFWilliAM

BYTLER-OF-TEES-iN-TK-COVNTiE

OFSVSSEXE-ESQVIER-WHO-HAD-iSSV

BY-FER-8-SONNS-&-9-DAVCHTERS

WHlCH-LAVRENCE-DECESSED-TH:-13

OF-DECEMBER-A:DNJ: 6l6

TlOV-THAT'BY-CHANCE-OR-CHOYCE
OF-THIS-HAST-siGHT

KNOW-LIFE-TO-DEATH-RESiGNES

AS-DAYE-TO-N1GHT

BVT-AS-TH:-SVNNS-RETORNE

REVIVES -ThE-DAYE

SO-CHRiST-SHALL-VS

THOVGH-TVRNDE-TO-DVST-8CCLAY

ARMS AND INSCRIPTION OF LAURENCE WASHINGTON AND MARGARET BUTLER

These memorials of the grandparents of John Washington, who emigrated to Virginia, are upon a slab
of blueish-gray sandstone in the parish of Brington near Althorp, Northamptonshire.

GOLD LOCKET-MEDAL CONTAINING A LOCK OP GEORGE WASHINGTON'S HAIR

A remarkable trophy given as a prize for marksmanship to the Light Guard, One Hundred and
Sixth Regiment, New York State Militia, by Mr. Perrie, a hair-dresser in Philadelphia, at the time
when Washington, as President, resided In that city. The medal was won by Captain David D.
Hart of New York, from- whose niece, Mrs. Josephine A. Hart, It parsed to Its present owner. Mr.
W. Lanier Washington. The medal is engraved: "The Enclosed Lock of Gen'l Washington's Hair
resented to the Light Guard by Mr. Perrie of Philadelphia"

ST. LEONARD'S CHURCH, ASTON-LE-WALLS, WHERE WERE MARRIED LAURENCE WASH-
INGTON AND MARGARET BUTLER
It was Margaret Butler who brought Blood Royal into the ancestry of George Washington.

KITCHEN IN THE WASHINGTON MANOR HOUSE sn.GRAYE

A VIEW OF THE WASHINGTON MANOR HOUSE, SULGRAVE

WASHINGTON READING A LETTER

This most remarkable portrait of America's great President was painted by Alexandre Casarin and
was for the first time reproduced from the original canvas owned by Mr. W. Lanier "Washington,

(Copyright. 1912. by Frank Allaben Genealogical Company)

VOLUME X

NINETEEN SIXTEEN

NUMBER 2
SECOND QUARTER

Washington 'a ®to Unrto Ann»Btrg

Past of tijc mace Cfllljicl) probuceti tljr csrcat patriot
of amcricai*Sl0oD Hoyal of tljc a?an Ctlljo CijanarJi a
Ixing'S Colony into a Ration, Strong anb Jnbepenbenti^r
Some of t§e £ifc='artan0mtttfng jfotttg m^o&e analj010,
Stinging a fuHcc Comp«5tn0ion of ^i0 (Kcnitig, &S"uIn Be
CJnUertafecn b^ ^meticand CQfjo E,ecogni|e ^|eir Debt to
(Beotge C£lasfjingtoni«L\cpfD&tirrrs from Cfjc Journal of
American litotorp, Volume V$, jRumbet 1, tge (Coition of
Eong Been laare ana 30 |2oto flDut of print, in
to tfic SDe^ire of 'C^osJc COfio Cannot j2oto Otitatn
SGSUC, But Uiifyo mtsb 'CTfjiS Stub? of taasfjmgton's
Slncegtrp, tfie (Ebibenceg of Mlfjicfi MHere jfirsft a^sfembleD in
title Ipottrnal of American ^ig«tor?

MABEL THACHER ROSEMARY WASHBURN

:HERE IS NO AMERICAN, with the possible excep-
tion of Lincoln, whose name today means so much
to his countrymen as does that of Washington. The
energies of his enemies during his lifetime were un-
able to weaken the bond which existed between the
_ supreme leader of our struggle for independence and

the people who were freed thereby ; and even the impossible tradition
which has, to a certain extent, displaced the real Washington in our

[241]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

minds has but placed a mist of exaltation about him as a halo. Wash-
ington, the man, we know but vaguely. Washington, the patriot, the
soldier, the hero, lives forever in the visions of the people whose dream
of liberty he made come true.

Yet, curiously, few Americans have any knowledge of the historic
past of the race that produced George Washington. Most of us know
that it was his family Coat-of-Arms which gave the motif for the
American Flag. Even those of us who are uninterested in heraldry,
perhaps considering the subject itself as outside the scope of interest
for citizens of a Republic, can hardly avoid the conclusion that "the
Father of his Country" possessed a right to Arms, that he exercised
that right, and that the founders of the Nation bestowed upon the Ar-
morial Achievements of her First Citizen the supreme honor in their
gift.

During Washington's life, the matter of his English ancestry was
of sufficient interest to evoke enquiries from Sir Isaac Heard, Garter
King-of-Arms, who, in 1791, wrote to the President for datd on his lin-
eage. He learned of the American ancestry of the family, which began
with two brothers, John and Lawrence Washington, who came to Vir-
ginia in 1657.

.The Garter King-of-Arms, however, was satisfied with merely cir-
cumstantial evidence — or, at any rate, he apparently did not pursue his
research after finding in the Heralds' Visitation of Northamptonshire,
1618, a John and Lawrence Washington, sons of Lawrence Washing-
ton of Sulgrave. These two brothers could not possibly have been the
Virginia colonists, for, according to the Visitation, they would have
been men of over sixty years of age in 1657, the year when the Vir-
ginians came over ; and the latter, it is known, were young men on their
arrival.

The error in identification continued to be repeated and believed
until 1863, when an article calling attention to the inconsistencies in
the theory was written for The New England Historical and Genealog-
ical Register by Jsaac J. Greenwood, Junior. Three years later, Colonel
Joseph L. Chester contributed a paper to The Herald and Genealogist,
a London publication, which was later reprinted in two American mag-
azines, this article also referring to the erroneous supposition first haz-
arded by Sir Isaac Heard. Colonel Chester proved conclusively that
the John Washington, son of Lawrence of Sulgrave, far from being the
John Washington of Virginia, was Sir John Washington of Thrapston ;
that both of his wives died in England, the second surviving her hus-

[242]

WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

band. It is known that John Washington of Virginia was twice mar-
ried, but that his first wife died in Virginia, and that his second wife,
Ann Pope, who was co-executor of his will, was living in Virginia at
his death and after. Sir John of Thrapston had children, Mordaunt,
John, and Philip. John of Virginia had John, Lawrence, and John. In
addition to this array of facts, Colonel Chester made it clear that Law-
rence Washington, the brother of Sir John of Thrapston, was a clergy-
man of the Established Church of England, and Lawrence Washing-
ton, the Virginia colonist, brother of John of Virginia, was not a
clergyman.

But these demolishers of the false theory failed to offer any evi-
dence in support of a true theory. In 1889 Henry F. Waters published
a paper in The New England Historical and Genealogical Register,
setting forth the results of researches made by him in England on the
Washington ancestry. He found, first of all, that when Lawrence
Washington died in Virginia, although his will was proved there, let-
ters of administration on his property were granted in England, May,
1677, to Edmund Jones, and in the document it was stated that Law-
rence Washington, deceased "in partibus transmarinis," was formerly
of Luton, Bedfordshire, England.

The next discovery was of a bond of John Dagnall, of Grove, in
the Parish of Tring, Hertfordshire, and William Roades of Middle
Claydon, Buckinghamshire, dated 29 January, 1649-50, for adminis-
tration of the property of Andrew Knowling of Tring, deceased, the
administration to continue during the minority of Lawrence Washing-
ton, "the younger," who was stated to be at that time fourteen years
old; the bond being also for their guardianship of this same Lawrence.
Tring is about twelve miles from Luton, where it had been shown
Lawrence Washington of Virginia had lived. The will of Andrew
Knowling was then examined. It. was made 13 January, 1649-50. In
it is the following: "Item I will, give and bequeath unto Lawrance
Washington the younger (my godsonne) All my freehould Landes and
Tenemtes whatsoeu1" lying and being within the pish of Tring aforesaid
or else where within the Realm of England. To haue and to hould the
same to him and his heires for euer. Item I give and bequeath unto
Amphilis Washington my daughter in lawe (& mother of the said Law-
rance, the some of Threescore poundes of Curr1 mony of England to be
paid her within six months after my decease."

Further on in the will, he says: "Item I give and bequeath unto
John Washington, William Washington, Elizabeth Washington, Mar-

[243]

Tin; JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

garett Washington & Martha Washington (children of the said Am-
philis Washington my daughter in Lawe) The some of Eight and
Twenty poundes a peece of Curr1 mony to be paid to them att theire
seu'all & respective Ages of One and Twenty years," etc. He makes
his Godson, Lawrence Washington, the younger, his Executor, with
John Dagnall, John Lake, William Roades, and Elizabeth Fitzherbert
as Administrators.

Amphilis Washington, whom Andrew Knowling calls his daugh-
ter-in-law, could hardly have been to him in the relationship we should
understand by the term — wife of his son — or her name would have
been Knowling and not Washington. She was evidently his step-
daughter. In his will he speaks of Elizabeth Fitzherbert also as his
daughter-in-law, of William Roades as his son-in-law, and leaves a be-
quest to the two daughters of Susan Billing, his deceased daughter-in-
law, whose husband was John Billing, also deceased at the time of An-
drew Knowlton's will. He gives fifty shillings to Susan Emmerton of
Tring, but does not mention her relationship, if any existed, to him.

It seems evident that Andrew Knowling had married a widow,
whose former married name was Roades, and that her children (and,
consequently, his step-children) were William Roades, Amphilis Wash-
ington, Elizabeth Fitzherbert, and Susanna Billing.

But who was the husband of Amphilis Washington, and the father
of Lawrence and John Washington of Virginia? From Lawrence be-
ing called "the younger" it seemed probable that his father had borne
the same name. The Parish Registers at Tring were searched. The
register of 1634 was entitled: "A Regester Booke conteaning all the
names hereafter Named either Baptized, Married or Buried. Bought
by Maister Andreu Knolinge, Richard Hunton," and others who are
named as Churchwardens. Under the baptismal records appeared the
following:

"Crisames sene our Ladie daye Anno Dom 1635 Layarance sonn
of Layarance Washington June the xxiiid':

"Baptized sene our Ladie daye Anno dom 1636 Elizabeth da of
Mr. Larrance Washington Aug xvii "

"Baptized sene Mickellmas daye Anno dom 1641 William sonn of
Mr Larrance Washenton baptized the xiiijth daij"

We have seen that Lawrence Washington was fourteen years old
in January, 1649-50, when John Dagnall and William Roades were
bonded as his guardians and as Andrew Knowling's administrators.
This would make his birth about 1635, and his baptism evidently oc-
curred soon after his birth.

[244]

WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

The baptisms of John, Margaret, and Martha Washington, the
other children of Lawrence and Amphilis Washington, named in An-
drew Knowling's will, were not found. John was probably the eldest
son, for in February, 1655-56, there were issued to him Letters of Ad-
ministration on the estate of his mother, Amphilis Washington, whose
burial on 19 January, 1654-55, was recorded in the Registers of Tring.
From the baptismal records quoted above we have seen that Lawrence
was born in 1635, Elizabeth in 1636, and William in 1641. John could
hardly have been under twenty-one when in 1656 he became his
mother's administrator, which would make his birth at least as early as
1634, since his brother, Lawrence, was born in 1635. He was, there-
fore, at least twenty-three years old when he sailed for Virginia, and
Lawrence was then twenty-two.

From the fact that her son, rather than her husband, administered
Amphilis Washington's estate, it is apparent that she was a widow at
the time of her death. The identity of her husband, father of the first
Virginian Washingtons, was established as follows. As noted above,
Andrew Knowling, the step-father of Amphilis Washington, in his will
bequeathed a legacy to the daughters of another step-daughter, Susan,
wife of John Billing. A document was found, wherein John Dagnall,
brother-in-law to the deceased Susan Billing, was bonded as guardian
to Susan Billing's daughters — the daughters who were legatees in An-
drew Knowling's will. With this bond was discovered a little memo-
randum, written in Latin on 'a small piece of paper. It was signed
"Laurentio Washington in Art: ma-gro Surro-g: Offilis" The little
document showed that Lawrence Washington, Master of Arts, was
at its date, 29 January, 1649-50, acting as Surrogate in the Archdea-
con's Court at Whethampsted, and that he was almost certainly a
clergyman, since the office of Surrogate in this Court, — an ecclesiasti-
cal one, — was scarcely ever held at that time by a layman. He appeared
at the Whethampsted Court in connection with the bonding of John
Dagnall as guardian to Susan Billing's daughters, — Susan Billing be-
ing Andrew Knowling's step-daughter, and the sister of Amphilis
Washington. It seems clear that this Lawrence Washington was the
husband of Amphilis Washington, the father of Lawrence "the
younger," and consequently the brother-in-law of Susan Billing regard-
ing whose daughters' guardianship he appeared at the Archdeacon's
Court.

The only Lawrence Washington of whom any record was found,
who was of suitable age to have been in 1649-50 the father of a boy

[245]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

some fourteen years old, as was Lawrence, "the younger," at this time,
and who held the Degree of Master of Arts, and was a clergyman, was
the Lawrence Washington, son of Lawrence Washington of Sulgrave.
This was the man who had appeared in the Northamptonshire Heralds'
Visitation of 1618, and whom Sir Isaac Heard, Garter King-of-Arms,
and later genealogist, assumed to be the Virginia colonist, who came
over with his brother, John, in 1657. We have seen already that the
John Washington, son of Lawrence of Sulgrave, was not the Virginia
colonist, but was Sir John Washington of Thrapston, who lived and
died in England.

Here, then, largely as a result of Mr. Waters' indefatigable and
scientific -researches, was a chain of excellent circumstantial evidence
which seemed to establish as all but absolutely proven the fact that
John and Lawrence Washington of Virginia (the former the great-
grandfather of George Washington) were sons of Reverend Lawrence
Washington, son of Lawrence of Sulgrave, and whose ancestry for
several generations back was recorded in the Heralds' Visitation of
Northamptonshire of 1618. Yet, convincing as were the reasoning and
array of evidence, there lacked the touch of finality which should for-
ever put the subject of Washington's English ancestry beyond ques-
tion.

But in 1892 Mr. Worthington Ford made a wonderful discovery.
In the archives of the State Department at Washington was the will of
Mrs. Martha Hayward of Stafford County, Virginia, which was
proved December, 1697. In it she mentions her "two cousins John &
Augustine the sons of my cozn Lawrence Washington of Westmore-
land County," her "cozen Lawrence Washington son of Mr John
Washington of Westmoreland County," "cozn Nathaniel Washington
son of the said John Washington," "Cozn" Hen: Washington, son of
the said John Washington," and "kinsman Mr John Washington of
Stafford County," She also says : "Item it is my will and desire that my
Exectrs with all Conven1 speed send to England to my Eldest sister Mrs
Elizabeth Rumbold a Tunne of good weight of Tobacco, & the same I
give to her and her heirs forever." She bequeaths a like legacy to "my
other sister Mrs Marg4 Talbut."

The "Cozens" referred to in her will were really nephews and
grand-nephews, for Martha Hayward was before her marriage Mar-
tha Washington, and she was the sister of John and Lawrence Wash-
ington, the Virginia immigrants.

In his will, made "21st of 7ber 1675" and proved "Ye nth Jana:

[246]

WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

1677,'' John Washington, the Virginia colonist, says: "Item I doe
giue unto my sister Marthaw Washington ten pounds out of ye mony
I haue in England wl soeuer else she shall be oweing to me for trans-
porteing herselfe into this Country — & a year's accommodation after
her Comeing in & four thousand pounds of tobb00 and Caske."

It will be recalled that in the will of Andrew Knowling Elizabeth
Washington was the first-named daughter of Amphilis Washington,
and Martha the last-named of the daughters.

Lawrence Washington of Sulgrave, father of Reverend Lawrence
Washington, had among other children a daughter, Margaret, who
married, first, Samuel Thornton, and, second — Sandys. Samuel
Thornton's will, made and proved in 1666, had for two of its witnesses,
"Eliza: Mewce," and "Margaret Talbott." It was proved by "Dame
Margaret Sandis als Thornton his Relict & executrix named in the
will." In 1673 Dame Margaret Sandys made her will, which was
proved in 1675, and in it she makes a bequest to "my dear sister
Mewce," while "Elizabeth Mewce" appears as a witness. In 1676
"Elizabeth Mewce in the Co. of Middlesex, widow," made her will
which was proved the same year. She refers to her sister, "the Lady
Washington," her uncle, Robert Washington, her sister, "Mrs. Alice
Sandys," her sister, "Mrs. Frances Gargrave," several other relatives,
and bequeaths five pounds to "Mrs. Elizabeth Rumball, my niece.''

As we have just seen, Martha (Washington) Hay ward, sister of
John and Lawrence Washington of Virginia, calls Mrs. Elizabeth
Rumbold her eldest sister. Elizabeth Mewce was, therefore, aunt to
the Virginia immigrants, as were Dame Margaret Sandys, Mrs. Alice
Sandys, Mrs. Frances Gargrave, and Mrs. Margaret Talbott. As
noted above, Margaret Talbott was, with Elizabeth Mewce, a witness
to the will of Samuel Thornton, the first husband of Dame Margaret
Sandys, who was born Margaret Washington; and Mrs. Martha
(Washington) Hay ward in her will refers to her sister, Mrs. Margaret
"Talbut."

There remains, therefore, but to prove that Mrs. Elizabeth Mewce,
Dame Margaret Sandys, Mrs. Alice Sandys, and Mrs. Frances Gar-
grave, — whose niece, Mrs. Elizabeth Rumbold, was the eldest sister of
Martha (Washington) Hay ward and her brothers, John and Lawrence
Washington of Virginia, — were the daughters of Lawrence Washing-
ton of Sulgrave, whose lineage is traced back in the Northampton-
shire Visitation of 1618.

In this Visitation, Lawrence Washington of Sulgrave and his

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THE JOtRXAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

wife, Margaret Butler, are recorded as having the following children:
William, John, Richard, Lawrence, Thomas, George, "Elizabeth, ux.
Francis Mewce of Holdenby," "Joane, ux. Francis Pill of Maidf ord, co.
Xorhampton," Margaret, Alice, Frances. Here then we have Law-
rence (the Reverend Lawrence Washington, M. A., father of the Vir-
ginia immigrants) ; Mrs. Elizabeth Mewce (whose niece, Mrs. Eliza-
beth Rumbold, was sister to the immigrants) ; Margaret (Dame Mar-
garet Sandys, as is evidenced by the fact that Mrs. Elizabeth Mewce
was her sister) ; Alice (Mrs. Alice Sandys, as showrn by the will of her
sister, Mrs. Mewce) ', Frances (Mrs. Frances Gargrave, as in this same
will).

In the Visitation it is shown also that Lawrence Washington of
Sulgrave, grandfather of the immigrants, had one sister, Elizabeth,
and one brother, Robert Washington. This was the "Uncle Robert
Washington," mentioned in the will of Mrs. Elizabeth Mewce. Dame
Margaret Sandys, in her will, also speaks of her uncle, Robert Wash-
ington.

The ancestry of George Washington, down to the first of his line
in America, is traced to the Visitation of Northamptonshire, made by
the Heralds in 1618, for seven generations. It begins with John Wash-
ington of Tuwhitfield, Lancashire, w:ho lived probably in the middle
part of the Fifteenth Century. His son, Robert, lived at Warton, Lan-
cashire. He married — Westfield, and had issue, John Washington.
The latter was also of Warton. His wife was Margaret, daughter of
Robert Kitson. Her brother was a Knight, Sir Thomas Kitson of
London.

Lawrence Washington, son of John and Margaret (Kitson)
Washington, removed to Northamptonshire. He was evidently en-
gaged in the profession of trie law, as the Visitation records him as of
Gray's Inn, one of the Inns-of -Court of London. He became Mayor of
Northampton. In 1538 or 1.539 he received a grant of the Manor of
Sulgrave in Northamptonshire. This land had belonged to the' Priory
of Saint Andrew, which had been seized by Henry the Eighth. Law-
rence Washington received at the same time other land which had been
the Priory's — in Sulgrave Woodford, Stotesbury, and Colton. He had
also other land in Sulgrave which belonged to the Priories of Canons
Ashby and Catesby. His second wife was Amy, the daughter of Rob-
ert Pargiter of Gretworth, Gentleman. She died 6 October, 1564. Her
husband made his will 18 October, 1581, and it was proved n Feb-
ruary, 1584-85.

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WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

Lawrence Washington, and his wife were buried in Saint James'
Church at Sulgrave, and were commemorated by a stone with brass
plates, on one of which were the Washington Arms. There were also
effigies of Lawrence and Amy Washington, and of their eleven chil-
dren, and an inscription relating the deaths of the husband and wife.

A son of the foregoing was Robert Washington of Sulgrave. He
sold Sulgrave Manor to, his nephew, Lawrence Makepeace, in 1610.
The latter's son, Abel, sold the Manor to Edward Plant. He disposed
of it to the Reverend Moses Hodges, to whose descendants it passed
down, and by them is owned at the present time. Sulgrave was listed in
Domesday Book, and in 1330 was recorded as belonging to the Prior
of St. Andrew.

Robert Washington's first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Rob-
ert Light of Radway, Warwickshire. He made his will 7 February,
1619-20, and it was proved the following January. His eldest son was
Lawrence Washington. After the sale of Sulgrave Manor by his
father he removed to Brington, a few miles from Northampton. It
was through the marriage of Lawrence Washington to Margaret But-
ler that royal ancestry belonged to the man who, above all others, made
successful America's revolt against the King of England. The outline
of Washington's Butler descent, and his lineage in the other notable
families brought into his ancestry through the marriage of Lawrence
Washington to Margaret Butler, will appear below.

The marriage took place in Saint Leonard's Church, Aston-le-
Walls, Northamptonshire, 3 August, 1588. One of their children was
Thomas Washington, who was a page of Prince Charles, later King
Charles I, and died in Madrid in 1623, while attending the Prince on
the latter's romantic visit to Spain to see and woo for himself the Span-
ish Infanta.

Lawrence Washington died 13 December, 1616, and was buried
in the Church of the Blessed Virgin at Brington, where a memorial
stone tablet may still be seen, recording his death, and emblazoning the
Washington Coat-Armor with the Arms of his wife, Margaret Butler,
impaled. In the church is also a tablet recording the deaths of Robert
Washington, the brother of Lawrence, and Robert's wife, Elizabeth.
Fac-similies of these two stones were in 1860 presented to Charles
Sumner by Earl Spencer. The Spencer estate of Althorp is near Bring-
ton, and the family's parish-church is at Brington, many Spencer me-
morials being therein. Mr. Sumner gave the stones to the State of
Massachusetts, and they are now in the State House at Boston.

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THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Lawrence Washington, son of Lawrence and Margaret (Butler)
Washington, the father of the Virginia colonist, was matriculated at
Brasenose College, Oxford, 2 November, 1621, according to the Col-
lege Registers, but it is said he entered Brasenose about two years be-
fore. In 1623 he received the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, and later
became a Fellow of Brasenose. He served as Lector of the College
from 1627 to 1632, and was appointed a Proctor of the University 20
August, 1631. In March, 1632-33, he became Rector of Purleigh, in
Essex. Sometime after this he married Amphilis Roades.

When the Civil War between the King's Party and the Parlia-
mentarians broke out the Washingtons seem to have been without
exception ardently loyal to the King. Lawrence Washington suffered
for his convictions as to patriotism, for in November, 1643, he was
ejected from his rectorship by order of the Parliament. Partisan feel-
ing in those days, as in every age, excited men's prejudices to fever
heat. In the eyes of the extremists among the Cavaliers the Parliamen-
tarians,— practically all Puritans, — were disloyal citizens both as to
Church and State. Their peculiar religious views and customs were re-
garded as hypocritic cant. On the other hand, the Puritans in many
cases believed all King's Men to be dissolute in morals and conscience-
less as to religion. Their fidelity to the Throne was called time-serv-
ing sycophancy; their conformity to the State Church was but a blind
following of forms and ceremonies. Both sides were bitter and un-
charitable, and it was but natural that they should be so.

So it is with understanding of this factional spirit of the times
that we must read the following accusation of Lawrence Washington,
the charge against him being utterly denied by other contemporary ac-
counts. In 1643, tne Year °f his expulsion from Purleigh Church, a
violent diatribe was published by one John White and printed by order
of the Parliament. It was entitled "The First Century of Scandalous,
Malignant Priests Made and Admitted into Benefices by the Prelates
in Whose Hands the Ordination of Ministers and Government of
the Church hath been." In this book was the following:

"The Benefice of Lawrence Washington, Rector of Purleigh in
the County of Essex, is sequested, for that he is a common f requenter
of Ale-houses, not onlley himselfe sitting dayly tippling there, but also
incouraging others in that beastly vice, and hath been often drunk, and
hath said, That the Parliament have more Papists belonging to them in
their Annies than the King had about him or in his Army, and that the
Parliaments Armie did more hurt than the Cavaliers and that they did

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WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

none at all; and hath published them to be Traitors, that lend to or as-
sist the Parliament."

As an offset to the foregoing is this, from the contemporary "Suf-
ferings of the Clergy," by John Walker, published in London, 1714.

"Purleigh, R., one of the Livings in these Parts :

"To which he had been Admitted in March, 1632, and was Se-
questered from in the Year 1643, which was not thought Punishment
enough for him, and therefore he was also put into the Century, to be
transmitted to Posterity, as far as that Infamous Pamphlet could con-
tribute to it, for a Scandalous, as well as a Malignant Minister, upon
these weighty Considerations. That he had said 'the Parliament have
more Papists belonging to them in their Armies, than the King had
about him, or in his Army, and that the Parliament's Army did more
Hurt than the Cavaliers, and that They did none at all, and had Pub-
lished them to be Traytors, that lent to, or assisted the Parliament.'

"It is not to be supposed, that such Malignant could be less than
a Drunkard, and accordingly he is charged with frequent Commissions
of that Sin, and not only so, but with Encouraging others in that Beast-
ly Vice. Altho' a Gentleman (a Justice of the Peace in this County)
who Personally knew him, assures me, that he took him to be a Worthy,
Pious Man, that as often as he was in his Company, he always appeared
a very Modest, Sober Person, and that he was Recommended as such,
by several Gentlemen, who were acquainted with him before he himself
was. Adding withal that he was a Loyal Person, and had one of the
best Benefices in these Parts, and this zvas the ONLY Cause of his Ex-
pulsion, as I verily believe. After which, he subjoyns, that another
Ancient Gentleman of his Neighborhood, agrees with him in this Ac-
count. Mr. Washington was afterwards permitted to Have, and Con-
tinue upon a Living in these Parts, but it was such a Poor and Miser-
able one, that it was always with Difficulity that anyone was pur-
suaded to Accept of it.*'

A letter, preserved in the Bodleian Library and written by Henry
Ayloffe, says of the Rector of Purleigh: "I doe not remember that
ever I knew or heard of Mr. Washington after he had been sequestered,
but there was then one Mr. Roberts a neighbor of mine who was owner
and patron of a parish so small that nobody would accept of his church
(but with difficulty) and Mr. Roberts entertained Mr. Washington,
where he was suffered quietly to preach. I have heard him and took
him to be a very worthy pious man. I have been in his company there,
and he appeared a very modest sober person, and I heard him recom-

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THE JOURXAI. OF AMKKICAX HISTORY

mended as such- by several gentlemen who knew him before I did. He
was a loyal person, and had one of the best benefices in these parts,
and this was the only cause of this expulsion as I verily believe."

It was this letter which was evidently the basis for the statements
in the "Sufferings of the Clergy," quoted above. Mr. Waters, who
found the letter, was able to make out the name of Braxted in the last
paragraph, which was only partly decipherable, and this makes it very
probable that Braxted Parva, in Essex, was the parish to which Law-
rence Washington retired after leaving Purleigh. Thomas Roberts
owned this living, which was a very small and unimportant one. But
in the Parish Registers of All Saints' Church at Maiden, in Essex, is
recorded the death in 1652 of "Mr. Lawrence Washington," who is
believed to have been the Reverend Lawrence Washington, former
Rector of Purleigh.

The above-quoted letter was written by Henry Ayloffe. He was
undoubtedly of the family of Sir Benjamin Ayloffe of Braxted, whose
wife was Martha Tyrell. Her mother was Martha Washington, the
daughter of Sir Lawrence Washington. He was the son of Lawrence
Washington, whose father, Lawrence, was the great-grandfather of
the Rector of Purleigh. The latter was, therefore, in the relation to
Martha Tyrell, wife of Sir Benjamin Ayloffe, of second cousin once
removed.

As has been seen, the Reverend Lawrence Washington married
Amphilis Roades. She died in January, 1654-55. Their children
were: John and Lawrence, the Virginia immigrants; Elizabeth, who
married — Rumball or Rumbold; William; Margaret, who married—
Talbott ; and Martha, who followed her two brothers to America, mar-
ried Nicholas ( ?) Hayward, and died in 1697.

Before tracing the line of George Washington's ancestry in
America, it will be of interest to follow back his lineage from Mar-
garet Butler, the grandmother of John Washington, the first of the
line here, for she brought to the Washingtons, to be transmitted down
to the greatest of American patriots, the strain of blood royal.

The Plantagenet dynasty descended from the Counts of Anjou in
France, whose ancestry begins with Ingelgerius. He was father of
Fulk the Red, who was Count or Viscount of Anjou. He was succeeded
by his son, Fulk the Good, who reigned from 941 or 942 to about 960.
The latter's son, Geoffrey "Greytunic," was the next Count, reigning
till 987. He enlarged by conquest the borders of Anjou, and his valor-
ous deeds were sung in the ballads of the time. His wife was Adela
of Vermandois.

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WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

"Greytunic's" son, Fulk the Black, succeeded his father in 987. He
began the conquest of Touraine for Anjou, and built a great line of
castles for defence. He was a man of violent passions, but with a
noble capacity for penitence. In order to give token of his sorrow for
a great crime he went three times on pilgrimages to the Holy Land,
and an old legend tells that he caused his servants to scourge him all
the way with branches of the Broom plant, the "Plantagenista," from
whence the name of Plantagenet is said to have come to his race. He
founded the Abbeys of Beaulieu, near Loches, of Saint Nicholas at
Angers, and of Ronceray at Angers, and built other religious houses.
He died at Metz, on his way home from his third pilgrimage, in 1040.
His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Bouchard the Venerable,
Count of Vendome. He married, second, Hildegarde of Lorraine.

Geoffrey "Martel," — "The Hammer,"— was the son of Fulk the
Black and Hildegarde of Lorraine. He was born in 1006, and on his
father's death became Count of Anjou, the only issue of Fulk's first
marriage being a daughter. He was a wild, turbulent figure of a dark
and lawless period, wherein only the golden-lambent torch of the Chris-
tian Faith made bright places in the gloom. Geoffrey married Agnes,
the widow of William the Great, Duke of Aquitaine, but died without
issue in 1060.

The next Count of Anjou was Geoffrey's nephew, Geoffrey III,
"The'Bearded," who was the son of Ermengarde, the daughter of Fulk
the Black and Hildegarde of Lorraine. Ermengarde married Geof-
frey, Count of Gatinais. The right of Geoffrey the Bearded was dis-
puted by his younger brother, Fulk le Rechin, "The Cross-Looking."
He imprisoned Geoffrey, for which deed of violence and usurpation
he was called to account by the Pope and was compelled to release his
brother. He was, however, finally successful in his efforts and was
recognized as Count of Anjou. His successor was Fulk V, "The
Young," his son by Bertrade de Montfort.

It was during his reign that war broke out between England and
Anjou. The English King, Henry I, was also Duke of Normandy,
and both Normandy and Anjou claimed Maine. The struggle was
brought to an end, for the time, at least, by a series of diplomatically
arranged marriages between the two claimant families. Henry's eld-
est son, William the Aetheling, married Fulk's daughter, Matild'a. The
Count's second daughter, Sybil, became the wife of William Clito, the
son of Robert "Curthose," whose father was William the Conqueror.
Fulk gave his daughter Maine for a wedding dowry. In 1127 the

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THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

daughter of Henry I, Matilda, married Fulk's son, Geoffrey the Fair,
— Geoffrey Plantagenet.

Count Fulk visited the Holy Land in 1120, and in 1129 he married
Melisinda, the daughter of Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, receiving
the right of succession to the throne. He became King of Jerusalem
in 1131. He died in 1133 after a wise and prosperous reign. Two of
his sons, Baldwin III and Amalric, followed him on the throne of the
Holy Land.

Geoffrey the Fair, son of Fulk, was the next Count of Anjou. As
stated above, he married Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England.
He was an able, energetic ruler, and did much for Anjou. He sup-
pressed revolts of the great nobles who were his feudal vassals, and
left the Countship to his son, Henry, in a strong, prosperous condi-
tion. It was Geoffrey's soubriquet of "Plantagenet" which gave its
name to the great dynastic house of England. He is said to have worn
frequently the Broom flower as an ornament in his cap.

Henry in 1 1 54 succeeded, through right of his mother, to the
English crown as Henry II. He married Eleanor of Aquitaine and
thus was ruler, not only of England, but of a large territory in France
—Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine. His history as England's king
is well known. His abilities no one can question. He put down with
a strong hand the Barons who had waxed daringly bold in their inde-
pendence during the turbulent times of Stephen and Matilda. It was
in his reign that Ireland came under the rule of England. Henry
seems to have been a typical Plantagenet, — or, perhaps, one should say
a typical Angevin, for the characteristics we associate with many of
the Plantagenets seem to have been derived from their Angevin an-
cestors. They loved wildly, hated ruthlessly, sinned terribly, and—-
some of them — repented with deep and noble contrition. Henry's long
struggle against Saint Thomas a Becket, his instigation to the Arch-
bishop's murder, were followed by acknowledgment of his guilt, and
humble penance at the Saint's shrine at Canterbury.

The next in the line of Washington's royal ancestry was John,
who ascended the throne in 1 199. His memory has been a hateful one
to the English people, although in some respects he does not appear to
have been much worse than many other monarchs of his time, — which
is, however, perhaps but "faint praise." Certainly he played against
all parties and kept faith with none, except when he was forced to do so.
He was married three times, to Alice of Morlaix, to Isabel of Glouces-
ter, and to Isabel of Angouleme. Isabel of Angouleme was the mother
of Henry III.

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WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

Henry succeeded his father in 1216, — the year after Magna Char-
ta. He seems to have been a man of good character personally, but was
not a popular monarch. He was largely concerned with the governance
of his lands over-seas in France, and was quite as much of a French-
man as an Englishman, which might be said of all the early Norman
rulers of England.

Edward I, the eldest son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence,
was named after Saint Edward the Confessor, the last of the Saxon
kings of England, for whom Henry had earnest devotion. His was one
of the great reigns of English monarchs. The conquest of Wales and
the victorious war with Scotland are the chief activities which most of
us associate with Edward. He was a wise ruler and has always held
his place as a noble figure in English history. His first wife was
Eleanor, daughter of Saint Ferdinand, King of Castile. She, as will
appear below, was also an ancestress of George Washington, but it is
with his descent from King Edward's second wife that we are now con-
cerned.

She was Margaret, daughter of Philip III of France, and grand-
daughter of Saint Louis. Through her, Washington descended from
Hugh Capet, founder of one of the greatest dynasties of France, which
ruled the kingdom for six centuries.

Edmund, the son of Edward and Margaret, was known as Ed-
mund of Woodstock, from his birth there on 5 August, 1301. In 1321
his half-brother, King Edward II, made him Earl of Kent, and
throughout the King's life he displayed the greatest favor and brotherly
affection for Edmund. He was a member of the Council at the acces-
sion of Edward III, but soon after became involved in a conspiracy to
restore Edward II, who, through the enmity of Queen Isabel and
Roger Mortimer, the Queen's lover, Edmund was tricked into believing
was alive. He was accused of treason to the reigning king, and was be-
headed on 19 March, 1330.

The Earl's wife was Margaret, daughter of John, Lord Wake. Of
their children, the eldest son, Edmund, was recognized as Earl of Kent,
but died in childhood. He was succeeded by the second son, John, who
died without issue. The next holder of the Earldom was a woman,
Joan, the daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, son of Edward I. "The
Fair Maid of Kent," as she was called, was thrice married. Her first
husband was Sir Thomas de Holland, who attended Parliament as Earl
of Kent. He died in Normandy in 1360. Joan married, second, Mon-
tague, Earl of Salisbury, and after his decease she became the wife of

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TI:;-; JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Edward, "the Black Prince," and was the mother of King Richard II.

Thomas de Holland, son of Joan and Sir Thomas de Holland, suc-
ceeded his father in the Earldom of Kent. He was born in 1350 and
died in 1397. He was always held in high esteem and favor by his half-
brother, Richard II, and was Marshal of England from 1380 to 1385.
He married Alice, the daughter of Richard, Earl of Arundel, one of
the noblest of England's great families. There is an old Sussex rhyme :

"Since William rose and Harold fell
There have been Earls of Arundel."

Washington's ancestry in this interesting line may be briefly sum-
med up as follows :

John, Lord of Arundel, Clun, and Oswaldestre, was prominent in
the reign of Henry III, and died in 1267. His son, John, Lord of
Arundel, had issue, Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. He fought gal-
lantly in the wars of Edward I in France and Scotland, and died in
1302. His son, Edmund, married Alice, the sister of John, Earl de
Warenne. Their son, Richard, served under Edward III in his wars
in the Low Countries, and was at many of the famous sieges and battles
of the period. He inherited the estate and title of his uncle, the Earl
de Warenne, and in 1361, became Earl of Warenne or of Surrey.

The Earldom of Surrey belonged to the family of de Warenne
since the time of William de \Varenne, a Norman companion of the
Conqueror, on whom the latter bestowed this English rank and pos-
session. The titles of Earl of Surrey and Earl de Warenne seem to
have been used interchangeably. Through the de Warenne ancestry
Washington had another royal lineage, — but one "of the left hand."
An illegitimate half-brother of Henry II, Hamelin Plantagenet, mar-
ried Isabel de Warenne, and assumed her name.

It was this Richard, Earl of Arundel and of Surrey, whose
daughter, Alice, married Thomas de Holland, Earl of Kent. Eleanor,
the daughter of the latter, — the Earl of Kent and his wife, — died in
1405. She married Edward Charlton, Baron of Powys, who died in
1421.

Through this marriage George Washington was descended from
the ancient Welsh princes. The Barony of Powys was created for
John de Charlton, who married Hawys. She was born in 1291, and
was the daughter of Owen de la Pole and Joanna, daughter of Robert
Corbet of Morton. Owen de la Pole was the great-great-grandson of
Gryffith, Lord of Powys. Gryffith was the son of Meredith, Prince
of Powys, who died in 1 129, and was called "Meredith ap Blethyn," —

[256]

CHURCH OF SAINT ANDREW, ENFIKLD, ENGLAND

Church built in 1110, in an excellent state of preservation, where Joyce Tiptoft worshipped,
a descendant of King Edward I of England and an ancestress of George Washington

HANNAH BUSHROD
Wife of Colonel John Augustine Washington, brother of George Washington

COLONEL JOHN AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON

Full brother of George Washington and father of Jane Washington, wife of Colonel
William Augustine Washington

COLONEL SAMUEL WASHINGTON OP "HAREWOOD," JEFFERSON COUNTY, VIRGINIA.
BROTHER OF GEORGE WASHINGTON

WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

"son of Blethyn." This Blethyn descended from Mervin, Prince of
Powys, whose line stretches far back to Cadwan, 635, King of the
Britons who fled to the wild Welsh mountains after the final establish-
ment of the Saxon power in Britain.

The Charlton ancestry begins with John de Charleton or Charlton,
who died in 1353. His son and heir, John, married Maud, daughter of
Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March. They had issue, John, who mar-
ried Joan, daughter of Ralph, Lord Stafford. Edward de Charlton,
son of John and Joan de Charlton, married Eleanor, daughter of the
Earl of Kent, as stated above.

The lineage of Joan de Stafford, wife of John de Charlton, goes
back to Robert de Stafford and his wife, Avice de Clare, their son,
Nicholas de Stafford, being Sheriff of Staffordshire in the reign of
Henry I.

Through the Staffords Washington inherited a second strain of
royal ancestry. Ralph Stafford (father of Joan, who married John
Charlton), married Margaret Audley. She was the daughter of Hugh
Audley, who became Earl of Gloucester, and Margaret de Clare, whose
first husband was Piers Gaveston, the favorite of Edward II. Mar-
garet de Clare's father was Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Hertford and
Gloucester, whose wife was the Princess Jane, daughter of King Ed-
ward I and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile.

Eleanor brings into the brilliant background of Washington's an-
cestral past, already so vivid with heroic and romantic figures — Kings
and Queens and Knights, reckless, half-pagan nobles and devoted Saint
—the flashing glory of Spain in her days of splendid adventure against
the Moorish invaders of her Christian land.

It would need a supreme intelligence to seek out and discover the
character-results through blood-inheritance of a man like George
Washington — or of any human being. . The hereditary influences
which have come down through the myriad streams of generating force
act and re-act upon each other, and upon that mysterious Energy which
is distinctive and separate in each individual, in a way too subtle to be
accurately estimated in a finite balance. But even if we cannot analyze
the occult processes of life-transmission through successive ages, yet
we can trace some of the external channels through which the multitud-
inous streams of life have flowed down and together into one per-
sonality.

Eleanor was the daughter of St. Ferdinand, the King of Spain,
whose lineage begins with Sancho III, of Navarre, who married Nuga

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THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Elvira, Heiress of Castile. He began to reign, with the title of Em-
peror of Spain, about the year 1000.

The Mortimer family, which comes into Washington's pedigree
through the marriage of another John de Charlton with Maud de Mort-
imer, as mentioned in the above summary of the Charlton line, was one
of the greatest in England and Wales. They descended from Hugh,
a Norman, who in early life was married to a niece of Herfast the
Dane. Later he entered the Church and became Bishop of Contances
in the latter part of the Tenth Century. One, and perhaps two, of his
grandsons fought at Hastings with the Conqueror.

Roger de Mortimer, the first Earl of March, whose daughter,
Maud, married John de Charlton, was the great-grandson of Ralph de
Mortimer, who married Gladuse (Gladys) Dhu, a daughter of Prince
Llewellyn of Wales. Llewellyn's wife was Joan, daughter of King
John of England, which brings another strain of royal ancestry into
the Washington blood. Prince Llewellyn was descended from the
Kings of Wales, tracing back to the same King Cadwan, from whom
it has been seen Hawys, who married John de Charlton, was also de-
scended.

Returning to the lineage through the Charlton family of Wash-
ington's English ancestry, we find that Edward de Charlton and his
wife, Eleanor, daughter of the Earl of Kent, had a daughter, Joyce
Charlton, born in 1403. She became the wife of Sir John Tiptoft.

The Tiptoft name seems originally to have been Tibetot, or Tybe-
tot, and the line goes back to Henry de Tibetot, living in the reign of
King Henry III. His son, Robert, was Governor of several great cas-
tles, among them Nottingham, and, as the King's Lieutenant in Wales,
won important victories against the Welsh. He married Eve, the
daughter of Pain de Chaworth, and their son, Sir Pain de Tybetot, also
called Tiptoft, was a Knight, and was summoned to Parliament as a
Baron. His wife was Agnes, daughter of William, Baron de Ros of
Hemlake. The line goes down thence through Sir John, Knight and
Baron, then Sir Pain de Tybetot, and another Sir John, who held sev-
eral high offices, among them those of Treasurer of the Royal House-
hold, Seneschal of Aquitaine, and Treasurer of Normandy. His sec-
ond wife was Joyce Charlton.

Their daughter, Joyce Tiptoft, married Edmund de Sutton. As-
ton-le-Walls, in whose church Lawrence Washington and Margaret
Butler, grandparents of George Washington's first American ancestor,
were married, came down to the Butlers through their Sutton inheri-

[266]

ARMS OF SIR LAURENCE WASHINGTON, IMPALING THOSE OP HIS WIFE, ANNE LEWYN,
SURMOUNTING A MURAL MONUMENT IN GARSDEN, WILTSHIRE

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

tance, and, still further back, through the marriage of Rowland dc
Sutton, to Alice, daughter and co-heiress of Richard de Lexinton.

Richard de Lexinton of Tuxford, Nottinghamshire, lived in
the reign of King John and was the son of Robert de Lexinton. Row-
land de Sutton, son of Hervey de Sutton of Sutton-on-Trent, Notting-
hamshire, who married Alice de Lexinton, as noted above, was de-
scended from one Hervey or Hervius, a tenant of the Earl of Richmond
in the Conqueror's time. He was known, it is said, as Hervius of South
Town, then of Sudtown, the name finally becoming Sutton.

William de Sutton, son of Rowland de Sutton and Alice de Lex-
inton, became the possessor of the estates of Warsop in Nottingham-
shire and Aston-le- Walls, Northamptonshire, the first coming to him
through his Sutton inheritance, and Aston-le-Walls through his mother.

One of Washington's ancestors in this family, Sir John de Sut-
ton, who lived in the reigns of Edward II and Edward III, married
Margery, daughter of Roger de Somery, Baron of Dudley. She was
the co-heiress of her brother, John de Somery, and thus the title of
Baron Sutton de Dudley came to her husband and their descendants.
It was one of the latter, John de Sutton, the sixth Baron Sutton de
Dudley, who in 1456 presented Aston-le-Walls to his son, Edmund,
who married Joyce Tiptoft.

Edmund Sutton pre-deceased his father, and Edmund's son, Ed-
ward, became the owner of Aston-le-Walls. He entered into an agree-
ment in 1530 with his brother, John, that the latter should hold this
Manor during his lifetime, but that it should afterwards pass to John's
daughter, Margaret. Margaret Sutton married John Butler, son of
Ralph Butler of Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire, and thus Aston-le-
Walls came into the Butler family's possession.

John Butler died in 1563 and his wife, Margaret Sutton, in the
same year, the burials of both being recorded on 17 April. Their third
son, William Butler of Tighes, Sussex, was the next ancestor in Wash-
ington's pedigree. He had three sons and two daughters, and one of
the latter was Margaret Butler, who, on 3 August, 1558, in the Church
of Saint Leonard at Aston-le-Walls, became the wife of Lawrence
Washington of Sulgrave.

Aston-le-Walls passed down to a great-grandson of John Butler
and Margaret Sutton, Alban Butler, who died leaving a daughter,
Elizabeth, as sole heir. She married Francis Plowden of Plowden,
Shropshire, and so the Manor became a part of the Plowden estates
which it is at the present time. The owner in 1909 was William Fran-

[268]

WASHINGTON S OLD WORLD ANCESTRY

cis Plowden, Esq. The Plowdens were one of the families of the Eng-
lish gentry who remained Catholic at the time of the Protestant Refor-
mation and some of the Butlers also of this branch were Catholics.
One of these was the Reverend Alban Butler, the famous biographer
of the Saints, born in Northampton in 1710.

So here has been briefly told an outline story of the English ances-
tors of George Washington, — the men and women who helped to give
to America the greatest of her sons. It will be asked doubtless by
many, what interest have Americans in this winding thread of gene-
alogical lore. But if Pope was right, that "the noblest study of man-
kind is man," then it is surely of a vital interest to all true patriots to
learn all that can be learned as to the forces which were united in
Washington. Only the merest condensation of his ancestral record has
been possible to give here; yet even that may well furnish subject for
reflection upon the fact that he was what he was to a great extent be-
cause of what his ancestors were before him. It is true that each soul
possesses a Something, indefinable and separate, which is the result of
a special creative act, so far as we can judge ; and it is also true that en-
vironment and education do much towards the development of a char-
acter. But, in addition to the character-results of individual type and
of environment, it is manifest, not only to biologists and physiologists,
but to any observing mind, that tendencies, habits, tastes, instincts — all
that go to make up personality — are more than anything else the out-
come of heredity.

An inheritor of the blood which flowed and still flows in most of
the royal dynasties of Europe, heir through his ancestry to the forceful
men who, for good or evil, were the conquerors, the monarchs, the auto-
crats, of the Old World, it remained for George Washington to use all
this accumulated capacity for dominance and for conquest for the sole
and glorious purpose of freeing his country from the rule of tyrants
and establishing her, the Queen of Liberty, among the great nations
of the earth.

[269]

BY
FRANK ALLABEN

•

Wilson, a voice a few times heard before,

When violence clenched his corded fist to smite

Humanity and elemental right,
As through an angel-trumpet, singing o'er
The threatened sea to warn the threatening shore

WTith golden-throated counsel, fit to light

The black ferocity of savage night,
Rings from the white house of the stars once more !
And at the solemn chime, as pealing word

Swears innocents shall cease to join the drowned,

Avengeless, in unpitying murder's maw,
We to our souls the sword of conscience gird,

A hundred million, consecrated round
Justice, enermined in eternal law !

April 19, 1916.

BY
FRANK ALLABEN

Not peace at any price !

Not war for any lust

Of empire, glory, glebe, or gold,

But only to be just !

Not peace at any price !

Not war on passion tost !

But the sword that from his scabbard leaps

For right at any cost!

April 19, 1916.

MAP SHOWING AMERICAN ACCESSIONS IN LOUISIANA TERRITORY, ALASKA, TEXAS, AND

THE WESTERN COUNTRY

Utttmtaitmtal IGaro

Cobification 'CEo Be Congibmb |2ot ag a IU0ult, but
ad a ptott0s!.ijr?!fltscnt j12«b of tfic WHotfe Caugtb ftp Sstoftt
S^obing of (Ebntts among tfj* f^ation&^^e american pco=
pit Eobe Eiftntg, iugftfct, tljc Jnb*p*nbtnce of jlJationg, Bot
for tP&cmgrlbfjS ftut fot ail a?anfefnb.tya C5wat

ftcf ow t^r anwcican Institute of 3ntf tnatfonal
on 2Dmmbfr 31, 1915, at WHaiS|)tnston fl>. C.

THE HONORABLE ELIHU B. ROOT

R. CHAIRMAN, Ladies, and Gentlemen: I shall not
at this hour detain you by any extended remarks, and
I should apologize for having no prepared address.
The subject is one which is very interesting to me, and
must be very interesting, I think, to everyone who
thinks about international affairs or who thinks about
the possibilities of the future of his country. Should international
law be codified; and, if so, should it be done through governmental
agencies or by private scientific societies?

If that means, should we undertake to put the law of nations
into a single body which shall be the rule and guide for international
relations, I think we must answer, no ; that it is impossible at the pres-
ent time. Mr. Field made a valiant attempt, Bluntschli a great effort,
but the formation of international law, still in its infancy, is a process
only just begun, and it has not reached a point where the rules can be
embodied in a code. <*-

On the other hand, codification, considered not as a result, but as
a process, seems to me plainly should be attempted and pressed for-
ward and urged with all possible force. It is curious that codification
should be especially necessary in a system of law which is based upon
custom more exclusively even than municipal law, but that is necessa-

[273]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

rily so in the case of the law of nations, because there are no legisla-
tures to make the law and there are no judicial decisions to establish by
precedent what the law is.

One great weakness of international law has been that, to ascer-
tain what it was, you have to go to text writers and to a great variety
of statements, differing, inconsistent, many of them obscure and
vague, capable of different interpretations, so that, the instant that the
occasion for the application of a law conies, there is pressed upon con-
flicting nations or disputing nations the question as to -what the law
is, without any clear and definite standard from which to ascertain it.

Recent events — or, rather, the realization of the truth which
comes from a great war in Europe — compel us to consider the great
shortcomings of what we think of as international law, to consider how
narrow the field which it covers, how vague and uncertain it is within
its own field, and how difficult it is to compel in any way a recognition
of its rules of right conduct.

There is but one way in which that weakness of international
law can be cured, and that is by the process of codification, a process
which must be extended through long periods, which has been going
on very gradually for many years. The Declaration of Paris was a lit-
tle bit of codification. The three rules of the Treaty of Washington
constituted a little bit of codification as between the United States and
Great Britain, and they have been, in substance, accepted and adopted
by the nations of Europe and at The Hague. The Geneva Convention
covered a certain field by codification, and The Hague conventions a
much wider field. So, I say, considered as a conclusion, there can be no
codification ; but, considered as a process, there must be codification-
codification pressed forward and urged on by all possible means.

The very fact that there are no courts to establish precedents,
and no legislatures to make laws, make this necessary. All interna-
tional law is made, not by any kind of legislation, but by agreement.
The agreement is based upon customs, but the ascertainment and
recognition of the customs is the subject of the agreement, and how
can there be agreement that is possible, unless the subject matter of
the agreement is definite and certain?

I say that recent events indicate that we must press forward
toward codification. I can go a step further than that. The changes
in the conditions of the earth, the changes in international relations
which have been so rapid in recent years, have outstripped the growth
of international law. I think it quite right to say that the law of na-

[274]

SHOULD INTERNATIONAL LAW BE CODIFIED?

tions does not come so near to covering the field of national conduct
to-day as it did fifty years ago. The development of international
relations in all their variety, in the multitude of questions that arise,
goes on more rapidly than the development of international law, and,
if you wait for customs, without any effort to translate the customs
into definite statements from year to year, you will never get any law
settled, except by bitter controversy. The pressing forward of codifi-
cation of international law is made necessary by the swift moving of
events among nations. We can not wait for custom to lag behind the
action to which the law should be applied.

Mr. Chairman, I want to express entire harmony with what Gov-
ernor Baldwin said a few moments ago upon the other branch of this
question, as to whether it should be by government or by private so-
cieties. It is not practicable that governments should do the thrashing
out of questions necessary to reach a definite statement of a conclu-
sion. That has to be done with freedom from constraint by the pri-
vate individual doing his work in a learned society or in private inter-
course. I think it is not generally understood that the first Confer-
ence at The Hague would have been a complete failure, if it had not
been for the accomplished work of the Institut des fitats Internationale.

The first Conference was called by the Czar of Russia for the
purpose of agreeing upon disarmament, and for the purpose of avert-
ing what the Czar saw coming in the future, and which has now come.
But there were powers in Europe which would not have it. They re-
fused to enter a conference for the purpose of considering that sub-
ject. Something had to be done. Here was a conference called by this
great power which was to meet, and something was to be done, and
they took the accomplished work of the Institut des fitats Internation-
ale, which it had thrashed out through the labors and discussions of
most learned international lawyers of Europe, including most of the
technical advisers of the foreign offices of Europe, meeting in their
private capacity, and that first conference at The Hague embodied
those conventions in the conventions of the first Hague conference.
It would have been impossible for The Hague conference to do that
work or one tithe of it if they had not had -the material already pro-
vided.

So I think it is quite clear that the process of codification, step by
step, subject by subject, point by point — the process of codification
must begin with the intellectual labor of private individuals, and it
must be completed by the acceptance of governments. All of the hun-

[275]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

dreds of thousands of pages that have been written upon international
law by private individuals go for nothing unless governments accept
them. A wilderness of text writers one has to wander through in en-
deavoring to get at what the law of nations is, and all that they wrote
is of no consequence except as it exercises a force in bringing about
action and agreement by the governments of the earth. So, Mr. Chair-
man, this process must have both private initiative and governmental
sanction.

Mr. Chairman, there is one other subject which I think we should
consider in dealing with the subject of codification, and that is this:
Are the small nations of the earth to continue ; is it to be any longer
possible for the little people to maintain their independence? That is
a serious question with many of us in this joint meeting of the Subsec-
tion 6 of the Society of the Pan-American Congress and the American
Society. The large nations can take care of themselves by the exercise
of power if they are willing to be armed to the teeth always, but the
small countries — what are they to do? There is no protection for
them but the protection of law. And there is no protection in law
unless the law be made clear and definite and certain, so that a great
bully can not escape it without running into the condemnation of that
law. So I say that every dictate of humanity should lead us to urge
forward that process by which in its better moments mankind may be
led to agree to the setting up of clear and definite and distinct rules of
right conduct for the control of the great nations in their dealings
with the small and weak.

The presence here of Doctor Matura, whom it is a great pleasure
for me to hail as a colleague in the faculty of political and administrative
science of the University of San Marcos, at Lima, and of the distin-
guished Ambassador from Brazil, my old friend from Rio de Janeiro,
leads me to say something which follows naturally from my reflec-
tions regarding the interests of the( smaller nations.

It is now nearly ten years ago when your people, gentlemen, and
the other peoples of South America were good enough to give serious
and respectful consideration to a message that it was my fortune to
take from this great and powerful Republic of North America to the
other American Nations. I wish to say to you, Gentlemen, and to all
my Latin American friends here in this Congress, that everything
that I said in behalf of the Government of the United States at Rio de
Janeiro in 1906 is true now as it was true then. There has been no
departure from the standard of feeling and of policy which was de-

[276!

SHOULD INTERNATIONAL LAW BE CODIFIED?

clared then in behalf of the American people. On the contrary, there
is throughout the people of this country a fuller realization of the
duty and the morality and the high policy of that standard. Of course,
in every country there are individuals who depart from the general
opinion and general conviction, both in their views and in their con-
duct, but the great, the overwhelming body of the American people
love liberty not in the restricted sense of desiring it for themselves
alone but in the broader sense of desiring it for all mankind.

The great body of the people of these United States love justice,
not merely as they demand it for themselves, but in being willing to
render it to others. We believe in the independence and the dignity of
nations, and, while we are great, we estimate our greatness as one of
the least of our possessions, and we hold the smallest State, be it upon
an island of the Caribbean or anywhere in Central or South America,
as our equal in dignity, in the right to respect, and in the right to the
treatment of an equal. We believe that nobility of spirit, that high,
ideals, that capacity for sacrifice, are nobler than material wealth.
We know that these can be found in the little State as well as in the
big one. In our respect for you who are small, and for you who are
great, there can be no element of condescension or patronage, for that
would do violence to our own conception of the dignity of independent
sovereignty. We desire no benefits which are not the benefits ren-
dered by honorable equals to each other. We seek no control that we
are unwilling to concede to others, and so long as the spirit of Amer-
ican freedom shall continue it will range us side by side with you,
great and small, in the maintenance of the rights of nations, the rights
which exist as against us and as against all the rest of the world.

With that spirit we hail your presence here to co-operate with
those of us who are interested in international law. We hail the for-
mation of the new American Institute of International Law and the
personal friendships that are being formed day by day between the
men of the north and the men of the south, all to the end that we may
unite in such clear and definite declaration of the principles of right
conduct among nations, and in such steadfast and honorable support
of those principles, as shall command the respect of mankind and in-
sure their enforcement.

[277]

LAWS

or T H E

TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES
NORTH-WEST OF THE OHIO

Jiopttd and maJt tj tl>t Govuwoi/t and JUDGES, im tteir Lt-
gipitiae Capvctty, at a Se/tf* tegitn on Fridar, the xxjx aay
of Majt one thwfaifd.e/even bitfitirtd and ntnetf-fvtj and
eni'tfg on ¥uef3ay the t-utntj ffib daj »f Ai<gu$ /of/owing, t

WITH AM

A P P E N D I X

RESOLUTIONS

atio TUB

ORDINANCE

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
TERRITORY*

By Authority.

CINCINNATI:

PRINTED BY W. MJXWELL.

M,DCC,XCV)L

FAC-SIMILE TITLE-PAGE OF THE FIRST BOOK PUBLISHED IN THE NORTHWEST

TERRITORY

MAP SHOWING PRINCIPAL SITES CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO

SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON. SUPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN
AFFAIRS IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES. COMMANDER
OF THE PROVINCIAL FORCES AGAINST CROWN POINT
AND OF THE INDIANS IN THE EXPEDITION AGAINST
MONTREAL, 1760

Q i£~
2 °^S

O Wfi 3
P = - =

a -a*

O I" u>

2 fa§

H ?l^
B o «_

II-

60-
C iw

o o

WALLS OF FORT ANCIENT.
OHIO, MOST FAMOUS OF
THE HILL-TOP DEFENSES
OF THE MOUND BUILDERS

PART OF THE WALL OF
FORT ANCIENT

GREAT GATEWAY OF
FORT ANCIENT

THE SERPENT MOUND

A mysterious and impressive monument of the Mound Builders, in
Adams County. Ohio

PREHISTORIC' BURlAlj-PljACE OF THE MOUND BUILDERS. KNOWN AS
THE EDWIN HARNESS MOUND

Here are Interred charred human bones, together with ancient ornaments.

lutltera nf OWjto

BY
EMILIUS O. RANDALL

Secretary of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical

Society

O ENTER upon the domain of the Mound Builder, won-
derful and enigmatical in his works, is like seeking to
grope one's way through the fabled labyrinths of
Egypt and Crete, for one is soon lost in a maze of
alluring speculation, from which the guiding hand of
knowledge is withheld. The Mound Builder is the
riddle of the American race, and the countless manifestations of his
handiwork defy explanation, while they ever excite our admiration and
amazement.

The earliest European explorers, in their travels through the un-
broken wilds of North America, found these earthen structures of a
prehistoric people intact and perfect, but solitary and lifeless, with no
living being to tell aught of their origin, age, or purpose. Who were
these people that came, wrought, and disappeared into the impenetrable
mists of the past?

"Let the mighty mounds
That overlook the rivers, or that rise
In the dim forest crowded with old oaks,
Answer. A race, that long has passed away,
Built them ; — a disciplined and populous race
Heaped, with long toil, the earth, while yet the Greek
Was hewing the Pentelicus to forms
Of symmetry, and rearing on its rock
The glittering Parthenon."

Just what relation, ethnological and archaeological, the builders of
the mounds bore to the Mississippi Valley and its branch basins will
probably never be fully known. So far as the vestiges, discovered by
the early European intruder, can testify, the portion of the United
States embraced within the central valley named and its tributaries,

[289]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

was the chief domain and centre of those peculiar people. Whether
this territory was the land of his origin, a great way-station in the pil-
grimage of his race through its earthly existence, or was the terminus
of prolonged peregrinations, has not been determined.

Concerning the inscrutable Mound Builder and his monuments,
the accumulated literature, by official authorities, voluntary scientists,
amateur investigators, poetic romancers, and irresponsible and illiter-
ate dreamers, is appalling in quantity, contradictory in statement and
theory, conflicting in conclusions, and often amusing and absurd.
Being without the Pale of definite knowledge, the Mound Builder and
his achievements afford untramelled scope for the imagination. He
literally left "foot-prints on the sands of time," but their trail leads
only to oblivion. He bequeathed to the succeeding ages no written rec-
ords, and his temples tell no tales as to their time or purpose. His only
answer to every conceivable guess concerning his origin, age, and des-
tiny, is his unbroken silence. The Mound Builder is the Race with the
Iron Mask.

But, whoever he was, the Mound Builder displayed his activities
in a spacious arena, and, if the whole North American Continent was
not his, a large part of it was, for his habitations extended from the
Allegheny River to the Rocky Mountain range, and in some instances
on to the Pacific Slope. He is almost unknown in New England. He
is found in lower Canada, but he evidently avoided the colder climates
and in the South he is much in evidence, for his works dot the shores
of the Mexican Gulf, from Texas to Florida, and are found in Ala-
bama, Louisiana, Mississippi, the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Kentucky.
The Northwest Territory, however, produces evidences of his densest
population ; at least, there his achievements were the most numerous
and important. In Wisconsin, along its river courses and about the
shores of its lakes, he adorned the sides and summits of the hills with
innumerable effigies of animals, birds, reptiles, and even human beings,
—presumptively tributes to his superstitious belief, symbols of his crude
worship, or possibly emblematic totems of his various tribes. Michi-
gan did not greatly merit his attention, but his mounds are frequently
found in Indiana and are numerous in Illinois.

Ohio, however, was a region for which he displayed most remark-
able partiality. The banks of "La Belle Riviere," as the early French
called the majestic Ohio, and picturesque and fertile valleys of the
Miamis, the Scioto, the Muskingum, the Cuyahoga, and lesser tributary
streams, were the scenes of his most numerous, most extensive, and

[290]

THE MOUND BUILDERS OF OHIO

most continuous settlements. It has been asserted that the localities in
Ohio, which testify to the Mound Builders' presence, far out-number
the total localities of his evidential habitation in any other State, in-
deed almost equal those in all the rest of the country. Ohio was the
great "State" in prehistoric times, for over twelve thousand places in
the present State-limits have been found and noted, where the Mound
Builder left his testimonial.

It is not the purpose of this study to attempt any exhaustive or
minute account of detailed enumeration of the vestiges left by this peo-
ple. Rather, it is the intention to mention, with brief portrayal, the
masterpieces of the different classes of their exploits. We will classify
these works and note their features in the following order : ( i ) Walled
enclosures; (2) Single mounds; (3) Village sites and burial grounds;
and (4) Theories respecting the identity of the Mound Builders.

The so-called enclosures which cap the hill-tops are usually re-
garded as forts or military defenses. These are built of stone or earth
and, in rare instances, of both. The hill-top defenses are not relatively
numerous, but exhibit in their construction great engineering sagacity
and skill and almost inconceivable labor. The enclosures on the plains
or river bottoms are almost exclusively of earthen material and are
either walled towns or structures for refuge or safety. Possibly, some
were religious temples. They are of all dimensions and forms, many
of them presenting combinations of circles, squares, and geometrical
figures of great variety.

The largest stone edifice of the Mound Builders was erected on
Spruce Hill, in the southern part of Ross County, Ohio. This work oc-
cupies the level summit of a hill some four hundred feet in height. The
elevation is a long, triangular-shaped spur, terminating a range of
hills with which it is connected by a narrow neck or isthmus, which
affords the only accessible approach to the fort, for the hillsides at
all other points are remarkably steep and in places practically perpen-
dicular. Spruce Hill was admirably chosen for the purpose of defense
and observation, for its summit commands a panoramic view of the en-
circling valley through which runs Paint Creek. It was a mound
building neighborhood ; the site of Chillicothe, a great mound building
centre, was only eleven miles distant, to the northeast.

The magnitude of Spruce Hill Fort exceeds any similar construc-
tion attributed to the Mound Builders. It evinces tremendous labor
and unusual ingenuity of arrangement, and the wonder at this stupen-
dous work grows when it is remembered that it was erected without the

[291]

PLAN OF SPRUCE HILL

FORT. ROSS COUNTY,

OHIO

The largest stone fort ex-
tant of the Mound Builders

SKELETON OF A MOUND BUILDER FOUND
IN A STONE GRAVE IN FORT ANCIENT

THE MOUND BUILDERS OF OHIO

aid of beasts of burden or any mechanical assistance. It was literally
built by manual labor.

It was in a fair state of preservation less than a generation ago.
But to-day the walls are in a sad state of demolition, caused by the
thrifty farmers who make spoil of the displaced stones for the repara-
tion of their fences.

Less extensive, though more impressive, than the Spruce Hill
Fort is the. fortification in Brush Creek township, Highland County.
It is the best preserved of the stone defensive works of the Ohio Mound
Builders. Fort Hill rises abruptly about five hundred feet above the
river bottom. Only at two points can the summit be reached. Encirc-
ling the top of the hill, which presents a level area of some fifty acres,
is an embankment of earth and stones. The wall, which mainly follows
the brow of the hill, at some points reaches a height of fifteen feet, and
is over a mile and a half in length. The openings originally made in
the wall, thirty-three in number, are spaces ten to fifteen feet in width,
arranged without apparent order or regularity. The purpose of these
openings is inexplicable, as few of them could be used for ingress or
egress, most of them being at points where the approach to the fort is
an almost impossible ascent.

What would one not give for the story of this primitive fortress,
its patient and painstaking builders, their life within its precincts, their
feats of daring and suffering! Could they have been recorded and
preserved, might not the annals of these people have left us subjects
for epics as thrilling and dramatic as the Iliad and the Aeneid? But
their heritage to us is oblivion.

A fortification known as the Glenford Stone Fort is another most
interesting and important hill-top enclosure, because of its admirable
location and the fact that its remains are still sufficient for its form to
be easily traced and its construction understood.

The southwest portion of the State, especially the valleys of the
Great and Little Miamis, was a region thickly dotted with the habi-
tations and monuments of the Mound Builders. Within the present
limits of Hamilton County, between four and five hundred mounds
and some fifteen important enclosures were noted by the early trav-
elers and settlers. One of the most notable of these is located on Fort
Hill, at the mouth of the Great Miami. It has been generally desig-
nated as the Miami Fort. It was first brought into notice in the liter-
ature concerning the Mound Builders by William Henry Harrison,
who, though a Virginian by birth, became an Ohioan by adoption,

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marrying a daughter of John Cleves Symmes, and settling at North
Bend, where his remains are now buried. He intently studied the
Ohio Mound Builders and the Ohio Indians, and we are indebted to him
for much valuable investigation and information on those subjects. He
surmises the Mound Builders may have been the Aztecs, in which case
"the direct course of their journey to Mexico and the facilities which
that mode of retreat would afford seem to point out the descent of the
Ohio as the line of that retreat. It was here (Miami Fort) that a fee-
ble band was collected to make a last effort for the country of their
birth, the ashes of their ancestors, and the altars of their gods."

Several archaeological authorities, particularly General M. C.
Force, in his interesting essay on the Ohio Mound Builders, point out
that, from this elevation, a line of signals could be put in operation,
which in extent would cover the southwestern portion of the State.
This signal system of wireless telegraphy included, according to Gen-
eral Force, the numerous prehistoric works on the Great Miami, dotting
the banks of which they stretched in a line as far north as modern
Piqua, "all put in communication with each other by signal mounds
erected at conspicuous points."

Fort Ancient, on the Little Miami, stands as a citadel in the rear
of the centre of this line. It is easily foremost among the prehistoric
fortifications for ingenuity of design and perfection in construction.
The site selected for this fortress, temple, or walled city, whichever
it may have been, was most advantageously chosen, on a slightly roll-
ing plateau, overlooking the panoramic valley of the Little Miami
River, in central Warren County. The contour of the hill plateau is
like that of a dumb-bell, two almost evenly sized fields united by a
long, narrow neck, on each side of which the declivity is too steep for
ascent. This narrow connection divides the defences into what are
known as the north or New Fort, the Middle Fort, and the South or
Old Fort. The terms "new" and "old" were suggested by the idea that
the South Fort on the apex of the peninsula was naturally the first one
to be constructed, as it, utilized alone, would be more secure and inac-
cessible than the new one which was later taken in to protect the entire
hill-top. The entrance to the Old Fort is called the Great Gateway.
Just within the entrance, on the west side, is a conical mound, ten feet
high with a base diameter of forty feet, near which were found heaps
of stones, used both as coverings for graves and to strengthen the wall.
Human bones in great quantities were found here, a few inches below
the surface soil. Near the centre of the Old Fort was located the larg-

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THE MOUND BUILDERS OF OHIO

est burying-ground of this fort people. Within a radius of a hundred
feet, some three hundred graves were found.

That the great enclosure was, to a certain extent, at least, a walled
city, is attested by the remains of a "village" therein. The evidences
were the circles of burned earth, ash heaps, pottery, and animal frag-
ments, bones of the bear, deer, etc., charcoal, burnt stones, etc. No
metal implements of any kind were found, except a few pieces of beaten
copper. Thousands of primitive implements of war, the chase, and do-
mestic life were found in the fort precincts.

Like all other works of this early people, Fort Ancient was un-
mistakably the product of builders who wrought only with the tools of
a stone age. There were no steam shovels, no derrick scoops to lift the
earth and dump it into position. Not even horses, mules, or oxen fa-
cilitated the labor. It should be said, however, that there is one theory
in favor of animal aid. Doctor Frederick Larkin, in his "Ancient Man
in America," introduces the suggestion that the mastodon, the bones
of which are found in Ohio and elsewhere, contemporaneously with
those of the Mound Builder, was "a favorite animal and used as a
beast of burden by them." He adds: "We can imagine that tremen-
dous teams have been driven to and fro in the vicinity of their great
works, tearing up trees by the roots or marching with their armies into
the fields of battle amidst showers of poisoned arrows."

The lowland enclosures of the Mound Builders abound in the val-
leys of the Muskingum, Scioto, and Little Miami, though a few are
found in other parts of the State. The earth-wall structures have an
endless variety of forms, and appear to have been used for different
purposes which are now past determination. The most common fig-
ures are the square and the circle, portions of each of which are em-
ployed in endless combinations. The walls themselves contain no bury-
ing-grounds or articles of any kind whatever, and therefore give no
hint of the mystery locked in the grass-grown, weather-defying earthen
ramparts.

The most intricate of these nondescript works are located in the
Licking Valley, near the city of Newark. In Licking County there are,
or were, probably five hundred earth works of various descriptions.
Those which comprise the most famous groups occupy a plain between
Raccoon Creek and the south fork of Licking Creek. The earth-walls,
shaped into a score or more of different designs, extend over an area of
four square miles. No word description is adequate to convey to the
mind of the reader a just idea of the magnitude and puzzling character

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of these works. The growth of the city of Newark has encroached
upon the original works, portions of which were thus obliterated; but
the group, as remaining to-day, surpasses all others in this country in
size and intricacy of construction.

That the country round about the present site of Newark was a
populous one with the Mound Builder is partially accounted for by the
location of the great flint quarries in the southeast corner of the pres-
ent Licking County. The Mound Builder, belonging to the Stone Age,
knew nothing of metals and much less of the art of reducing ores to
useful implements. His crude utensils were solely of stone, bone, and
wood — save in rare instances he made use of beaten copper. Flint was
his most valued and most employed raw material, because of its com-
pact, homogenous, durable texture. This rare geologic composition,
that Shakespeare calls "the everlasting flint," existed in vast quantities
in a vein that caps the hill-tops in a range between the present sites of
Newark and Zanesville, this vein giving to this locality the name of
"Flint Ridge." This Flint Ridge is literally honey-combed in every
quarter with hundreds of pits and cavities of all dimensions, from that
of a scoop-out a few feet across to those a hundred feet in diameter
and sunk the full depth of the vein. Chips of all sizes are still found
in myriad numbers over the area of the Ridge, proving the immensity
of the work done in these quarries, which were the exhaustless mines
for both the Mound Builder and his successor, the Indian.

The Muskingum Valley is rich in prehistoric remains. When the
Ohio settlers came to the place they named Marietta, they found, not
the ruins, but the undisturbed remains of a town, founded and left by
a prehistoric people, of whom the Indian delegation which greeted the
Ohio Company of Associates upon their arrival could give no knowl-
edge or surmise.

Dropping down the Ohio to Portsmouth, the mouth of the Scioto
brings us to one of the most remarkable series of works in the State.
A curious arrangement of circles, semi-circles, and horse-shoe figures
is located east of the present city upon the terrace above the river.
From this puzzling group, parallel walls extend two miles due west to
no apparent destination, while a second pair of walls stretch southwest
to the city limits. Still a third set of parallel embankments, starting
from the same central group, extend three miles southeast to the Ohio
River bed. Immediately opposite the terminus of the Ohio graded way,
the parallels are resumed on the Kentucky side, near the mouth of
Tygart River, and continue a mile and a half to and into the centre of a

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series of four concentric earthen circles, the outside one of which is
probably over a mile in circumference. This river-divided scheme de-
fies explanation. Squier and Davis, after describing the works, con-
clude: "And it is easy, while standing on its summit (Kentucky conical
mound) to people it with the strange priesthood of ancient supersti-
tion, and to fill its avenues and line its walls with the thronging de-
votees of a mysterious worship. Whatever may have been the divinity
of their belief, order, symmetry, and design were among his attributes;
if, as appears most likely, the works that most strongly exhibit these
features were dedicated to religious purposes, and were symbolical in
their design." Indeed, it would seem that no other motive than relig-
ious zeal would impel a people to the creation of works so enigmatical
and so vast.

As alre'ady noted, the southwestern portion of the State, the val-
leys of the Scioto and the Miamis and the intervening territory, was the
chief land of the Mound Builder, the region where "his name was le-
gion." One of the probable theories concerning the migratory course
of this mysterious people, is that they came from the far South, up the
Mississippi ; thence ascended the Ohio, and, because of the equable cli-
mate, fertility of soil, suitable contour of land, and advantages of the
water courses, chose for their settlements the hill-tops and valley bot-
toms skirting the Ohio streams.

If the fifteen hundred "enclosures," existing, or known to have
existed until recently, in Ohio, present an inexhaustible study in their
extent and variety, then the isolated mounds, the estimated total num-
ber of which in the State exceeds, or did but a few years ago, the appall-
ing number of ten thousand, must surpass our comprehension. The
mounds are comparatively scarce in the northwestern and southeastern
part of the State ; in the northeast they are often found ; but in the cen-
tre and southwest they prevail in almost countless numbers. In size
they vary from a knoll three feet in height and less than twenty feet
in base diameter to the largest one, that at Miamisburg, sixty-eight feet
in perpendicular altitude, eight hundred and fifty feet in base circum-
ference, and containing over a million cubic feet of earth. The most
of these mounds are conical shaped, with a "flat dome or segment of a
sphere." They are simply piles of earth, — except where, rarely, stones
are used, — heaped together without the slightest evidence of any me-
chanical assistance.

The erection of the mounds, so far as known, was for two pur-
poses:, first, as watch-towers, this usually when they were built on the

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hill-tops; and, second, those on the lowlands, as tombs or sepulchres,
the receptacles of the dead. The burial mound was the first, and the
universal architectural expression of primitive man, and the earliest
glimpse we get of any people is the earthen mound containing the re-
mains of the tribal hero or chief, or departed kin. These burial
mounds, of crudest form, everywhere more or less similar in shape and
material, are found in the uttermost parts of the earth: in Russia,
China, Japan, India, Egypt, Greece, — wherever man has found habita-
tion. Homer recounts in the Odyssey how, over the ashes of Patro-
clus and Antilochus, "a great and symmetrical tumulus" was raised
that "it might be seen from afar by the living and by future genera-
tions of men." Likewise, "a mound, with all speed, was erected over
the grave" of Hector.

It should be understood that we are examining only tumuli belong-
ing to prehistoric man, and not the mounds attributed to later Indians.
The Indians — the historic Indians — did occasionally engage in mound
building, but so seldom that, for the purposes of our study, we do not
take their works into consideration.

The researches in the ancient mounds establish the fact that more
than nine-tenths of them contain human remains, thereby demonstrat-
ing that their prime purpose was sepulchral. The interiors of the
mounds disclose altars — low tables or basins — differing in form, size,
and material, the latter being clay, sand, stone, or ashes. Again, the
remains revealed modes of incineration either before or at the time of
burial. More often than otherwise ornaments, war implements, domes-
tic utensils, were buried with the dead. It is from these that we learn
much of the nature and life of the Mound Builders.

The Mound Builder seems to have been universally a smoker, for
his pipes, stone and clay, were everywhere in evidence, and the art of
their manufacture must have been a favorite one.

On the Scioto River, six miles north of Chillicothe, was before its
destruction, the Gartner Mound. This mound, standing on the site of
a prehistoric village with an area of four acres, was a triple structure,
comprising three separate mounds, the intervening spaces having been
subsequently filled in so as to complete the triple composite elevation,
which was eight feet high and seventy-five in diameter. All three sec-
tions were replete with skeleton burials, or the charred remains of cre-
mated bodies. The village site surrounding this mound is known to
have been a residence centre, from the evidential remains, such as te-
pee pole holes, ash and storage pits, bake cavities or ovens, and the

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countless articles buried beneath the surface or scattered promiscuously
above the ground. Vast quantities of animal — no less than seventeen
varieties — and bird bones were strewn about. There were fine speci-
mens of stone hammers, shell, flint, and bone scrapers, whetstones to
sharpen objects made of bone and shell, pipes, pendants, beads, pestles
and mortars, bone fish-hooks and net sinkers, the latter pebbles notched
or grooved so that the fibre or skin string might be fastened about
them. The Mound Builder was an expert in the piscatorial art.

The storage pits of this village exhibited the food productions
and "bill of fare" of the primitive man. More than one hundred of
these large holes sunk in the ground were uncovered. In these pits,
sometimes several feet in depth and diameter, often with a flooring of
straw or bark that also lined the walls, were found beans, shelled corn
in woven bags, or ears of corn laid in regular order upon the bottom,
seeds of the pawpaw, hickory nuts, walnuts, chestnuts, seeds of the
wild red plum, etc. But more interesting still were the two "clam
ovens," or mussel "bakes," made by digging an opening in the ground
five feet deep and four in diameter. Each oven had been burned until
the clay on the bottom and sides was red to the depth of several inches.
The baking process was simple. A fire was started in the oven, quan-
tities of small boulders were thrown upon the fire, and upon these
heated stones mussels of small size were heaped till the pit was filled,
when the top was, no doubt, covered over with grass, and the mussels
left to bake. After the feast, the shells were thrown into the empty
pits. Thousands and thousands of these shells lay near the two ovens.

Another of the chief village sites that proved a mine of informa-
tion for the explorer is that of Baum Village, on Paint Creek, a few
miles from its entrance into the Scioto, and within sight of the Spruce
Hill fortification. The village extends over more than ten acres of
ground, in the centre of which is a large square mound. Immediately
adjoining the village are extensive wall enclosures in circular and
square form, embracing some seventy acres. In Baum Village the evi-
dence is that the domiciles in which the prehistoric man lived were
permanent and not temporary abodes, evidencing that the Mound
Builder was stationary rather than migratory in his habits. This con-
clusion is further sustained by the magnitude and permanency of his
fortifications and enclosures. The largest tepee in the village was
twenty-two feet long and twelve feet wide. In its centre was the great
fireplace, four feet in diameter and six inches deep, the hearth being
bowl-shaped, and the packed earth forming it burned to a brick red to

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the depth of eight inches. The accumulated debris about this hearth
was filled with implements and ornaments, polished stones, broken pot-
tery, hammer stones, a large mortar, and bones of animals.

The village was a cluster of tepees, all smaller than the one de-
scribed. Adjacent to each one was, usually, a subterranean storehouse
and a burial place. These three, the tepee, the store-cellar, and the
grave, completed the home requirements of the Mound Builder.

Here were found in great numbers the bones of the prehistoric
dog, the only domestic animal attributed to these ancient people. Pro-
fessor Putnam, of Harvard University, who has collected bones of the
prehistoric canine in all parts of the world, and found the same type
everywhere, says "this variety of dog is apparently identical with the
pure blood Scotch Collie of to-day," and he f uther comments, "if this is
the case, the prehistoric dog in America, Europe, and Egypt, and its
persistence to the present time as a thoroughbred, is suggestive of a
distinct species of the genus can is, which was domesticated several
thousand years ago, and also that the prehistoric dog in America was
brought to this continent by very early emigrants from the old world."

The Harness Mound was one of the largest of a group, eight miles
south of Chillicothe. Judging from the material and craftsmanship
here discovered in great profusion, one may readily infer that the Har-
ness Mound Builders were people capable of artistic taste and delicate
workmanship. The copper plates, one nine inches in length by five in
breadth, were the finest found in the Ohio mounds. Beautiful copper
axes, one being half a foot in length, and proportionately broad, were
removed from the sepulchre graves. Copper earrings were plentiful,
their construction evidencing rare skill and ingenuity. They consisted
of two similar copper disks, varying in size from a silver quarter to a
dollar, made bulging or concavo-convex, the two disks being connected
in the centre by a uniting bar. These earrings, produced with many
diverse details as to size, shape, form of rim, etc., were attached to the
ear by thrusting the connecting bar through the perforated ear-lobe.

There must not be omitted mention of the Madisonville cemetery
and village site, located in the eastern section of Hamilton County,
about thirty miles southwest from Fort Ancient. The village site is on
a level plateau. The cemetery is On a spur reaching out and down from
the plateau, which is bounded on two sides by deep and precipitous ra-
vines. This cemetery is the great "city of the dead" of the prehistoric
people. It covers an area of fifteen acres, all over-grown with stately
trees, the roots of many of which held in their firm grasp the crumbling

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THE MOUND BUILDERS OF OHIO

bones of the ancient dead. The explorations of these catacombs have
been conducted at intervals over a period of forty years, and nearly
four thousand skeletons, entire or in portions, have been removed,
though a large section of the cemetery is still undisturbed.

These prehistoric people were speechless save in their monuments
and the mementoes they contain. True, it has been claimed that in-
scribed tablets have been found in these mounds, evidencing that the
Mound Builder had a written language. Several alleged records have
been unearthed in the Ohio mounds, but in every instance these so-
called hieroglyphics have been proven to be modern intrusions, or de-
ceptions, or unintelligible scrawls. The "Cincinnati Tablet," removed
from a mound once standing in the precincts of that city, was undoubt-
edly genuine as to its place of exhumation and its antiquity, but no one
has ever been able to determine that the inscriptions carved thereon
are other than mere fanciful and meaningless lines.

But, if the Mound Builder was unlettered, he was a religious be-
ing. He had his faith, his sanctuaries, and undoubtedly his ceremonial
worship. The Serpent Mound, the greatest effigy structure of the
Mound Builders in America, is a huge earthen bas-relief, representing
a serpent resting his curving folds upon the summit of a bluff that rises
a hundred feet above Brush Creek in Adams County. This bluff pro-
jects abruptly into the valley, which, with its flanking hills, forms an
open arena or amphitheatre some two miles in diameter. Upon the
crest of this high ridge lies in graceful and gigantic undulations the
Great Serpent, so located that it may be seen in its majestic length and
snake-splendor from far and near in the plains below. The serpent,
beginning with its tip end, starts in a triple coil of the tail on the most
marked elevation of the ridge and extends along down the lowering
crest in beautiful folds, curving gracefully to right and left in easy and
natural convolutions, with head and neck stretched out serpent-like and
pointed to the west. The head is apparently turned upon its right side,
with the great mouth wide open, the extremities of the jaws united by
a concave bank, immediately in front of which is a large oval or egg-
shaped hollow, eighty-six feet long and thirty feet wide at is greatest
inside transverse. The head of the serpent across the point of union of
the jaws is thirty feet wide, the jaws and connecting crescent five feet
high. The entire length of the serpent, following the convolutions, is
thirteen hundred and thirty-five feet. Its width, at the largest portion
of the body, is twenty feet. At the tail the width is no more than three
feet. Here the height is from three to four feet, which increases to-

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THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

ward the centre of the body to a height of five or six feet. Such is
the size of the enormous earthen reptile, as it has lain, basking in the
suns or shivering in the snows of many centuries. The effect the sight
of it produces, from close inspection or from distant view, can scarcely
be imagined or described.

Professor Putnam, to whom is due the credit of the restoration
and preservation of the mound, says, in his account of his first visit:
"The graceful curves throughout the whole length of this singular
effigy give it a strange, life-like appearance; as if a huge serpent,
slowly uncoiling itself and creeping silently and stealthily along the
crest of the hill, was about to seize the oval within its extended jaws.
Late in the afternoon, when the lights and shades are brought out in
strong relief, the effect is indeed strange and weird ; and this effect is
heightened still more when the full moon lights up the scene and the
stillness is broken by the 'whoo-whoo, hoo-hoo' of the unseen bird of
night."

Examination into various sections of the serpent demonstrated
that nothing was buried therein. The mound was ingeniously con-
structed in layers of different natural material, there being stone at the
base, covered with yellow clay, over which came a stratum of dark soil,
and then the final topping of sod.

It is the teaching of ethnology that primitive man, at one time wor-
shipped inanimate nature, rocks, sun, and stars, and also the trees;
then, advancing a stage, worshipped nature in animal forms. Of these,
the serpent was foremost, the "mysterious stranger in the grass, who
overcame with honey words" the Mother of the human race.

While the explorer found in the Serpent Mound no secret of its
age or purpose, much was revealed as to the Mound Builders in the
small mounds and isolated sub-surface burials on the hill summit, not
far from the serpentine structure. Here Professor Putnam found
inhumations, the most ancient of any discovered in Ohio, as proven by
their relative placements in the strata of the various clays and subse-
quent coverings by other soils and vegetation deposits and layers, the
formation of which must have been due to nature, the slow work of
which required centuries of time to thus cast its coverings over the arti-
ficial work of ancient man.

From archaeological, chemical, geological, and botanical testi-
mony, scholars conclude these earthen works are at least hundreds of
years old, and perhaps thousands. They were unquestionably com-
pleted and abandoned before the Columbian discoveries of America.

[302]

THE MOUND BUILDERS OF OHIO

No European articles are found in any of the mounds; except where,
in some instances, there have been injections into the mounds of his-
toric burials, sometimes Indian interments, with accompanying modern
ornaments or implements.

And still the query arises : Who were the Mound Builders? And
still the query is unsolved and insolvable. Until a generation ago, the
general opinion of archaeologists was that the Mound Builders were a
distinct and separate race from the American Indian, and that the
skillful and ingenious architects of these earthen structures fled the
field before the Indian appeared, or possibly were driven out by the
invading and conquering Redmen.

The later, more thorough, and more scientific study of the mounds
and their contents has led the archaeologists to revise their former the-
ory, and they now mainly agree that the Mound Builder was the ances-
tor or progenitor of the American Indian, the remoteness of the rela-
tionship, however, being undetermined. The Indian progenitor theory
is supported by the similarity of the artifacts found in the prehistoric
mounds to the implements made by the historic Indian. But the reply
to this undoubted resemblance is that the first products of primitive
man's handiwork are the same the world over. The peace and war
stone implements exhumed by Schliemann from the ruins of Troy can-
not be distinguished, when placed side by side, from those found in the
mounds of Ohio.

Not a few writers, in favor of the Indian theory, point to the claim
that certain Indian tribes were known to erect mounds, and the Chero-
kees, Mandans, and Natchez are especially cited. The chroniclers who
accompanied de Soto in his journey (1540) from Florida to the Missis-
sippi noted that the Cherokees built mounds, upon the summits of which
they located their dwellings. The Mandans of the West are said to
have lived in circular earth lodges, partly under ground. Likewise, the
Natchez, in the territory of the Lower Mississippi, "raised mounds of
earth upon which to erect their dwellings and temples." Many schol-
ars who have studied the innumerable effigy mounds of Wisconsin at-
tribute those monuments, though their age is unknown, to the Winne-
bago tribe of Indians.

But, whatever may be the inferences of relationship between the
Mound Builders and the Indians elsewhere, the Ohio mounds suggest
meagre, if any, cultural similarity to the Ohio Indians or to the tribes
of any other sections ; nor had the Ohio tribes any tradition, much less
knowledge, of the builders of the mounds, that could throw any light
upon the obscurity of the subject.

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THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

If the Indian theory be correct, it must be admitted that the North
American historic Indian, who was discovered by the invading Euro-
pean, must have been a degenerate and unworthy descendant of his
distant forbear, the Mound Builder. "A broad chasm is to be spanned
before we can link the Mound Builders to the North American In-
dians," says a leading scholar of the American races, for the North
Indian, in his best historic periods, never displayed an architectural
talent, an artistic ingenuity, or a trait of industry, at all comparable to
those characteristics so unquestionably the possession of the Mound
Builder.

Volumes have been written upon the origin and racial identity of
the Mound Builders. Arguments have been put forth that they were
the Lost Tribes of Israel ; that they came in the twilight of ancient his-
tory from Japan, China, and other Oriental race centres; that they
were the lineal predecessors of the Toltecs ; that they later emigrated
from North to South America and displayed there in wonderful tem-
ples the constructive powers they inherited from their mound building
ancestors ; reversely, that the Mound Builders were the descendants of
the Toltecs, and from Mexico ascended the Mississippi Valley and dot-
ted that great basin and its tributary, the Ohio Valley, with their count-
less monuments of earth ; again, that they were the kin of the Aztecs,
perhaps a branch of that warlike and art-loving people ; again, that the
prehistoric Americans were the descendants of the South American
Indians ; and so on, until speculation and conjecture have been ex-
hausted. But all in vain ! The Mound Builder's identity, the time of
his entry and his exit, the duration of his stay, — all belong to the realm
of the unknown.

[304]

HARMAN BLENNEKHASSETT

A romantic figure in the chronicles of Ohio, whose life of
.scholarship, cultured wealth, and domestic serenity, drawn
into the dark whirlpool of Aaron Burr's political scheming,
ended in poverty in 1831. An Irishman of good lineage,
though born in England, he and his wife canrre to Ohio in
1798. He supplied Burr with funds and joined in his activi-
ties. Indicted for treason against the United States, he was
released in 1807, on Burr's acquittal of the same charge.

AARON BURR

Much of his activity, believed to be for the treasonable pur-
pose of separating a part of the country from the Union, took
place in Ohio, where, during 1806 and 1807, he was in Mari-
etta. Chillicothe. and Cincinnati. According to general belief,
his plot was aided by funds and support from Harman Blen-
nerhassett of Ohio.

THEODOSIA BURR ALSTON

The beautiful and brilliant daughter of Aaron Burr, perhaps
the only person on whom he ever bestowed a devoted and pure
affection, which she returned with an ardor of filial love
rarely surpassed, she became the wife of Joseph Alston, after-
ward the Governor of South Carolina. Her death is folded in
tragic mystery. Lost at sea, in 1813, it has been believed that
she was forced by pirates, who had captured the ship, to
walk off a plank into the ocean.

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DAVID XKISIIF.UCKK. MORAVIAN MISSIONARY TO THE
IROQUOIS INDIAN'S

M< \va.; IHIMI in .Moravia in 1721, came to Georgia, in America.
1737, first visits <1 the Ohio I n<;i;nis in 1771, establishing a
mis<nn ill" foliowiiiK y«-ar. H-- died at (loshen, Ohio, in 1808.

HEAP OF WHITE CHIMNEY-STONES ON THE REVOLUTIONARY CAMPING

GROUNDS OF THE CONNECTICUT BRIGADES IN MORRIS COUNTY, NEW

JERSEY, WINTER OF 1779-80

0f % (Etmtttttitttt Irigatoa tn
ilnrra Otomig, Nm lerarg,
Winter 0f ir?9-0fl

BY
REVEREND ANDREW M. SHERMAN

Author of Life of Captain Jeremiah O'Brien, Machias,
Maine; Phil Carver ; A Romance of the War of 1812 ; His-
toric Morristown, New Jersey; The O'Briens of Machias,
Maine; Historic New England Towns Revisited; Etc.

WAS born so near Plymouth Rock that in making my
initial appearance in this increasingly wonderful
world my tiny toes, figuratively speaking, grazed
the smoothly worn side of the now world-famous land-
ing-place of the Pilgrim Fathers.

__ __ In the Old Bay State, and in historic Plymouth

County, I passed my superlatively happy earlier boyhood, of which I
still cherish the fondest recollections; of the exquisite pleasure, espe-
cially, of hanging May baskets and June boxes in their respective
months.

My later boyhood, however, was spent in New Haven County,
Connecticut; and from that County, in 1862, 1 entered the Union Army
as one of Lincoln's Boys in Blue, in which, with the exception of about
five months, I served until July, 1865, when, by reason of the close of
the four years' struggle for the preservation of national unity, I was
mustered out of Uncle Sam's service and resumed my residence amid
the scenes of my later boyhood.

It was in the "Nutmeg State," and in grand old Litchfield County,
that I began my work as a Christian minister, though I have since oc-
cupied fields of labor in Massachusetts, my native State, New York,
and New Jersey ; in which latter State I have continuously resided for
more than a quarter of a century.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

In 1894 I delivered an historical discourse commemorative of the
sixtieth anniversary of the dedication of the church edifice in which
there worshipped the religious organization of which I was the regu-
larly installed pastor. This discourse was subsequently published in
pamphlet form by the officials of my church, and has found its way
into public and private libraries.

In the preparation of this historical discourse I made careful and
thorough research of town and county annals, which I found to be of
truly absorbing interest, especially those portions of county history
treating of the Colonial and Revolutionary periods. My attention,
however, was more especially drawn to the annals of Morristown, the
County-seat of Morris County; and, being strongly impressed with
the idea that no suitable nor adequate history of Morristown had been
written, I resolved that at some future time I would undertake that
work. I therefore began to gather materials for my contemplated his-
tory ; and, at the end of about fourteen years I put the materials accum-
ulated into shape for a book, which in 1905 was published under the
title of "Historic Morristown, New Jersey: The Story of its First
Century."

In connection with the gathering of materials and photographs for
that portion of Morristown's rare history including the Revolution, I
again and again visited the sites of the various camping-grounds of the
American army encamped in Morris County, New Jersey, in the win-
ters of 1776-77 and 1779-80; and among the camping-ground sites vis-
ited was that of the two brigades of Connecticut troops encamped there
during the last winter mentioned.

I have a most distinct recollection of the first time I visited the
site of the camping-grounds of the Connecticut brigades. It was on a
day following a copious spring rain, and the leaf-strewn ground was so
thoroughly wet that, after a two hours' tramp, I returned home with
water-soaked shoes and socks ; but, if it had been necessary for me to
stand in a running stream, I would not have missed the opportunity of
seeing and experiencing what I saw and experienced on that interesting
spring morning.

The gentleman who guided me to and over the site of the camping-
grounds of the Connecticut brigades on the occasion mentioned was
Emory McClintock, LL. D., an eminent mathematician, who for sev-
eral years was an honored and efficient official of the Mutual Life
Insurance Company, of New York. Mr. McClintock, at the time of our
memorable visit to these camping-grounds, was a resident of Morris-

[322]

THE REVOLUTIONARY CAMPING GROUNDS

town, and he had devoted no inconsiderable amount of time to research
along not only local but general historical lines, the fruitful results of
which were embodied in addresses, pamphlets, etc., which will mate-
rially aid future historians.

Thus much I have deemed it proper to say in explanation of the
fact that a native and lover still of New England is now a resident of
New Jersey and has made a special and exhaustive study of the rare
history of Morris County, New Jersey, and more especially of Morris-
town, its beautiful County-seat, and the residence, by the way, of mil-
lionaires and multi-millionaires by the scores.

Than Morristown and vicinity, I am impelled, as an ardent lover
of our marvellous national history, to say in passing, there is no more
interesting section, historically, in the United States ; not that any bat-
tles were fought there, or in the immediate vicinity, but that in this sec-
tion of the State Washington and his patriot army were twice en-
camped during the Revolution. In the winter of 1776-77 the American
army was encamped at Lowantica Valley, about two and a half miles
to the southeastward of Morristown village ; and in the winter of 1779-
80 it was encamped on the Kemble and Wick farms, from two and a
half to four miles to the southwestward of Morristown village. Knox's
brigade of heavy artillery, however, was encamped on the hills, about a
mile to the westward of Morristown village, on the road to Mendham.

During the encampment of Washington's army in Morristown
and vicinity very much transpired in connection with these sojourns
which is of great interest to all true Americans.

I have said that no battles were fought in Morristown or in its
immediate vicinity during the Revolution, but, in justice to Washing-
ton's army which wintered there, this statement should be modified by
adding — no battles save those fought with cold and hunger and ex-
treme privation; for the second winter of the patriot army in this sec-
tion of the State was the severest ever experienced by the inhabitants
of Morris County. Indeed, the story of the sufferings of the Amer-
ican army during that awful winter is sufficient to stir to white heat
the slumbering emotions of every lover of his country and of its dearly
purchased independence !

If we go to the southwestward from the Morristown Green, or
Park, as some prefer to call it, down what, since Colonial days, has
been known as the Jockey Hollow Road, about four miles, and at its
terminus turn to the left and go about a mile to the southward, and then
turn again to the left, or east, and go a short distance into a piece of

[323]

r. Fort Kill
P. Rceo&im,

2.. F«rv«r
3. flo^U*
V. CS.tU.
y. Gol.U,

Relative Positions of 'the Ten Brigades.

MAP SHOWING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE BRIGADES OF WASHINGTON'S ARMY IN
MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, WINTER OF 1779-80

THE REVOLUTIONARY CAMPING GROUNDS

woods, we shall find ourselves on the site of the camping-grounds of
the two Connecticut brigades encamped in Morris County, New Jersey,
in the winter of 1779-80.

The first brigade of Connecticut troops lay nearest to and parallel
with the road still known as the Fort Hill road ; while the second bri-
gade lay further away from the same road.

The camp of the first brigade ran northeasterly and southwesterly
and the camp of the second brigade ran about north and south. The
location chosen for the Connecticut camps was almost an ideal one
in essential respects.

From Mr. McClintock the following is quoted: "Each camp" — of
the entire army — "was like all the others, except for variations com-
pelled by inequalities of ground. The brigade parade was, if possible,
in front of the jhes of huts. The huts of the officers, each accom-
modating three or four, were in a line by themselves. Before reaching
the grounds selected by General Greene for the camps, the whole army
had received from Washington this emphatic warning: 'Any hut not
exactly conformable to the plan, or the least out of line, shall be pulled
down and built again.' The result is shown in the description given on
December 22, 1779, by the writer from Baskingridge already quoted:
'The encampments are exceedingly neat ; the huts are all of a size and
placed in more exact order than Philadelphia. You would be sur-
prised to see how well they are built without nails.' The 'plan' pre-
scribed for the huts does not seem to have been preserved. They seem
to have been at least sixteen feet long, with a chimney at one end and
bunks for ten or twelve men at the other. * * * The fire-places
were of stone, surmounted by chimneys of plastered wood. That
windows were not always provided is shown by an order in the spring
commanding that an opening for ventilation should be made in each
hut not already supplied with a window or other such opening."

The first brigade of Connecticut troops was composed of the first
regiment, Colonel Starr, commanding; the third regiment, Colonel
Wyllys; the fifth regiment, Colonel Bradley; and the seventh regiment,
Colonel Swift.

The second brigade of Connecticut troops was composed of the
second regiment, Colonel Butler ; the fourth regiment, Colonel Durkee ;
the sixth regiment, Colonel Meigs (commanded in the winter of 1779-
80 by Colonel Gray), and the eighth regiment, Colonel Sherman. An-
other regiment, commanded by Colonel Samuel B. Webb, was subse-
quently added to the brigade.

[325]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

The two brigades of Connecticut troops formed a division and
was in command of Major General Samuel S. Parsons, who was made
a General early in the war.

One Thomas Jones, a Loyalist, and a contemporary of General
Parsons, is recorded to have said of the Connecticut General : "He
was esteemed by the rebels as a bold, resolute, enterprising soldier, and
by British prisoners as a man of the most humane and benevolent dis-
position, by whom they were always treated with politeness, civility,
and humanity. * * * I saw him in Hartford, in 1780; he had long
hair, which hung about his ears, a brown homespun coat, buck-skin
breeches, a red laced waistcoat, blue yarn stockings, a pair of shoes I
fancy were made by himself, and an amazing long, silver-hilted sword."

On the site of the camping-grounds of the Connecticut division, as
they now appear, may be seen numerous heaps of stones weighing from
fifteen to fifty pounds each, which once formed the lower part of the
rude chimneys and the huge fire-places of the equally rude log huts,
which provided but a meagre shelter for the Connecticut soldiers of
Washington's army in the severe winter of 1779-80.

These piles of hut chimney-stones seem, for the most part, to have
lain undisturbed since they fell away from the decaying log huts of
which they were once an important part.

The heaps of hut chimney-stones mark with almost startling def-
initeness the camp streets of the Revolutionary days, streets once alive
with the presence of the brave men who helped to achieve the inde-
pendence of the American Colonies.

Several times during the already-mentioned morning tramp under
the guidance of Mr. McClintock over these camping-ground sites of
the Connecticut division, did the alert and well-informed guide turn to
the no less alert writer and exclaim, with evident enthusiasm : "Here
was a camp street; here was another;" and the distinct alignment of
the hut chimney-stones to be seen undisturbed, for the most part, since
they fell, was a sufficient corroboration of the opinion expressed.

But to the writer the most interesting objects to be seen on the
camping-ground sites of the Connecticut troops are the ruins of two
stone ovens, in which bread was baked for the soldiers during the awful
winter they were encamped on the eastern slope of Fort Hill. The re-
mains of one of these bake ovens still preserves its former circular
shape, indicating that it fell inward from its own weight and has lain,
undisturbed, seemingly, for one hundred and thirty-six years.

Not a few of the stones comprising one of the ovens on the Connec-

[326]

SaNQOHO ONIJKV3 AHVNOIXmOAHH 3HX

ticut camping-grounds, as guide and writer were agreed, still exhibit
the effects of fire as do those of other oven ruins elsewhere found on
the camping-ground sites of other brigades of the patriot army, not-
ably that of one of the Maryland brigades, about a mile distant.

The writer has a picture of the ruins of the bake oven above men-
tioned, and when I tell the reader that, in order to get a photograph of
these ruins, I was obliged to trample and break down great quantities
of underbrush, remove several large pieces of decayed wood, and bend
and hold down by main force one or two vigorous saplings, in order
that the photographer I had taken with me could get a photograph,
and especially when I add that, in clearing the way for the unobstructed
sweep of the camera, I scratched and tore my hands until they bled,
perhaps the picture will be the better appreciated by those who may see
it. When, however, I learned from the photographer a few days later
that "we have a good photo," I was completely resigned to the lacera-
tions inflicted upon my "paws."

The road one now takes from the terminus of the Jockey Hollow
Road to reach the site of the Connecticut camping-grounds of Revo-
lutionary days is not the same as that of those former days. I consider
myself fortunate in having an excellent eight by ten photograph, taken
under my personal supervision, showing distinct and thought-provok-
ing traces of the military road of Revolutionary days, over which, dur-
ing the winter of 1779-80, the soldiers of the Connecticut brigades trav-
eled, in going to and from their camps. To the student of Revolution-
ary history, the traces even of this old road are of rare interest.

The Fort Hill mentioned in this article, it should be said, was a hill,
or promontory, on the left-hand side of the Jockey Hollow Road as one
goes from Morristown, and lay to the westward of the camping-ground
of the Connecticut brigades. This hill was so named from the fact
that on this promontory General Anthony Wayne, while encamped in
the vicinity with his Pennsylvania troops, threw up a double line of
fortifications, one of stone, and another of logs and brush, for protec-
tion against possible British attack; and from this hill the entire sur-
rounding country and every approach to the American camps were
commanded by the guns mounted on these hastily-constructed fortifi-
cations. Traces of these Revolutionary fortifications may still be seen
by the careful observer.

It was the rare privilege of the writer to visit the site of the forti-
fications on Fort Hill in company with the then Sheriff of Morris
County, Mr. Abram Ryerson, who, in the Civil War, was an officer in

[327]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

a regiment of artillery, and hence acquainted with the construction of
fortifications; and it was really illuminating to me to listen to his con-
versation as he pointed out, here and there, the distinct traces of the
Revolutionary fortifications still to be seen. It has ever since been a
matter of regret to me that the underbrush was so thick and heavy as
to prevent me from getting a photograph of the spot ; but I may yet pro-
cure such a picture.

It is worthy of remark in this connection that the British were
never able to reach the vicinity of the American camps down the Jockey
Hollow Road; and, had they been able to do so, it would, so military
experts have said, have required an army of at least fifty thousand
troops to dislodge the patriot army from the fastnesses which nature
had so generously and kindly furnished them.

Soon after the arrival of Washington's army in Morris County,
in the early part of December, 1779, a meeting of the Military Union
Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, Number i, composed very largely
of Connecticut officers and men, was convened. The meeting was
held, perhaps, in the Arnold Tavern, in Morristown village, but more
probably on the camping-grounds of the Connecticut brigades down on
the Jockey Hollow Road. The object of this meeting was the election
of officers, and the making of preparations for the approaching Fes-
tival of St. John the Evangelist. At this meeting, probably held at
"Colonel Gray's quarters," the officers elected were as follows, nearly
all of whom were Connecticut men: Worshipful Master, Captain-
Lieutenant Jonathan Heart, of the Third Connecticut Regiment;
Senior Warden, Lieutenant and Paymaster Richard Sill, of the Eighth
Connecticut Regiment ; Junior Warden, Captain Robert Warner, of the
Third Connecticut Regiment; Treasurer, Captain William Richards,
of the First Connecticut Regiment ; Secretary, Surgeon John R. Wat-
rous, of the Third Connecticut Regiment ; Senior Deacon, Lieutenant-
Colonel Thomas Grosvenor ; Junior Deacon, Captain Henry Champion,
of the First Connecticut Regiment. The Tylers appointed were Jo-
seph Lorain and Thomas Binns, of Captain Pond's Company, Sixth
Connecticut Regiment.

The Festival of St. John the Evangelist was held in the Assembly
Room at the Arnold Tavern, in Morristown village, on December 27,
1779, and the officers of the Lodge present were: Heart, Sill, War-
ner, Richards, Watrous, Grosvenor, Little, and Lorain and Binns,
Tylers.

The members of the Lodge present were: Stilwell, Higgins,

[328]

: .' \ i/-

ARNOLD TAVERN, MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Worthington, Curtis, Barker, Gray, Sherman (probably Colonel Isaac
Sherman, of the Eighth Connecticut Regiment), Craig, Wilson, Bush,
Judd, Heath, S. Richards, S. Wyllys, Fitch, Pierce, Sargeant, Graham,
Fitch, and Whiting.

These officers and members, as might be shown if space permit-
ted, were men distinguished by their patriotic and efficient services in
the American army. A sketch of their lives and services would prove
of unusual interest ; but the scope of the present article does not allow
of this.

Among the visiting brethren at this historic meeting were Wash-
ington, Hamilton, Maxwell, Dayton, White, Gist, Lawrence, and many
others whose names cannot now be mentioned.

After the usual Lodge ceremonies had been performed, a proces-
sion was formed and marched across the village green to the First
Presbyterian Church, where the Reverend Abraham Baldwin, D. D.,
then Chaplain of the Connecticut Division of troops, delivered an ap-
propriate address, which was subsequently published and which is, no
doubt, still extant among the archives of some Connecticut Lodge of
Free Masons.

Doctor Baldwin was a native of Guilford, Connecticut. He was
graduated from Yale College and was a tutor there until the beginning
of the Revolution, when he entered the Service.

Than the camping-ground sites of the Connecticut Division, none
are more distinctly marked; and a personal examination, under the
guidance of one acquainted with the grounds, by the lover of Revolu-
tionary history, would convince him that no other camp-sites of the
patriot army, during the trying winter of 1779-80, furnish greater sat-
isfaction than those on the easterly slope of Fort Hill. Twice, since my
initial visit to these grounds, have I, with growing interest and with
fresh discoveries, gone over them. In the quietude of these grounds an
active imagination again peoples them with the forms of the blue and
buff from Connecticut somewhat as they appeared nearly a century
and a half ago.

If any resident of the "Nutmeg State" ever visits Morris County,
New Jersey, he should not miss going over these historic grounds, once
alive with the Connecticut soldiers, to remind him of the services and
sacrifices and sufferings of the men who exhibited their love of na-
tional independence no less in camp on the eastern slope of Fort Hill in
the winter of 1779-80 than on the battle-fields of the Revolution.

[330]

April

A quivering breath that speaks

Of smile and tear
The budding leaflets kissed :
The brook's low murmured song,

The rushing of the weir,
The sunbeam through the mist —
And Spring is here.

— Georgia Cooper Washburn.

The voiceless hours' mystery
Lies over hill and down.
All helpless lie the weak, the strong, —
But though the night be dark and long,
The Sentinel stands guard
Before the sleeping town.

— Georgia Cooper Washburn.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF OHIO, SHOWING THE LOCATION OF
THE PRINCIPAL MOUNDS OF THE PREHISTORIC INHABITANTS

Naiumal

Contfnurt from t:i)c Journal of American liistorp, Uoltmtr T, Uumbfr t

SMITH, HONORABLE S. W., PONTIAC. Ex-United States Representatiye.

gorfc

McKAY, MRS. NATHANIEL (JENNY WILSON WASHINGTON-POPE),
BROOKLYN. Member Executive Board National American Flag Association ; Charter
Member George Washington Memorial Association, and Contributor to Building; Charter
Member Fort Greene Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society
Patriotic Women of America, National Society Daughters of America, National Security
League, Kings County Historical Society; Member United States Daughters of 1812, New
York Historical Society, Allies' Hospitals Relief Commission.

BAILEY, EDWIN MONTGOMERY, BELOIT.

Alabama

GIELOW, MRS. MARTHA SAWYER, GREENSBORO. Founder Southern Indus-
trial Educational Association ; Member and Contributor George Washington Memorial
Association ; Member Authors' League of America, League of American Pen Women ;
Author and Lecturer.

California

ALAMEDA FREE LIBRARY, ALAMEDA.

LONG, GENERAL OSCAR F., UNITED STATES ARMY, PIEDMONT.

PERKINS, THOMAS A., SAN FRANCISCO. Attorney and Counselor-at-Law.

Colorado

HEMMING, MRS. CHARLES C. (LUCY K.), COLORADO SPRINGS. Daughters
of the American Revolution.

jfloriba

ESTHER CARLOTTA, SISTER, S. R., ST. AUGUSTINE. President Florida State
Division, United Daughters of the Confederacy.

BELLEVILLE PUBLIC LIBRARY, BELLEVILLE.
ESKRIDGE, MISS AMMAROY, CHICAGO*
GENEVA PUBIC LIBRARY, GENEVA.

EMMETSBURG PUBLIC LIBRARY, EMMETSBURG.

in The

[333]

•Founder's name appeared incorrectly in The Journal of American History, Volume X,
Number i.

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

l&ntticfep

CHENAULT, MRS. S. G. H., LEXINGTON.

BRUCE, OLIVER HERMAN, WESTENPORT.* Principal Westernport High and
Public School; Town Clerk; Member Society War of 1812, Maryland Historical Society,
National Educational Association.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, MARYVILLE.

Bfba&a

NEVADA STATE LIBRARY, CARSON CITY.

CYPHERS, EDWARD O., M. D., BELLEVILLE. President Belleville Public Library.

HOERNER, MRS. HENRY JUSTUS (ANNIE MARTIN), NEWARK.** State
Secretary New Jersey Daughters of the American Revolution ; Life-Member New Jersey
Society of Colonial Dames ; Member Board of Managers and Acting Secretary Woman's
Branch New Jersey Historical Society; Member United States Daughters of 1812; Con-
tributor George Washington Memorial Building.

gotfc

SEARS, MRS. L. E. HOSMER, DELEVATST.

Carolina

HOUSTON, WILLIAM SHELTON, GREENSBORO.
PUBLIC LIBRARY, GREENSBORO.

GALLIPOLIS PUBLIC LIBRARY, GALLIPOLIS.

HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO, CINCINNATI.

URBANA PUBLIC LIBRARY, URBANA.

CONNELL, MRS. ELECTA ORTON, ERIE.

tletati

ROGERS, MRS. R. B., BROWNWOOD.

SPOKANE PUBLIC LIBRARY, SPOKANE.

WASHINGTON STATE TRAVELING LIBRARY, OLYMPIA.

Cuba

CRAIG, MISS MARGARET EMELYN, CARDENAS. Head of Presbyterian School,
Cardenas.

'Omitted by error from Volume X, Number I.

"Founder's name appeared incorrectly in The Journal of American History, Volume X,
Number i.

[334]

(ifotrg? Italftitgiiw

(Eottitt«»& from Qlife 3tour«al nf Ammnm ^tatonj, Hohutt*3C, Numfor 1

Cnglanb

Akam, Benjamin, Bradford; Astbury, T. B., Bramley; Astin, T. G., Shipley.

Bairstow, James, Cross Hills; Booth, J., Bradford; Briggs, Miss Helen S., London.

Cawthra, Edwin, Bradford; Chase, Benjamin F., Leeds; Clough, Samuel, Steeton.

Denison, F. Inloes, Bradford; Denison, R. W., Bradford.

Foulds, C. H., Keighley.

Hammond, Frederic, Bradford; Hardaker, J., Bradford; Haserick, E. F., Ilkley;
Holtzmann, Hermann, Bradford; Holtzmann, Waldemar, Bradford; Huntley, W. A.,
Guiseley.

Ingram, Augustus E., Bradford.

Jackson, George A., Bradford; Jackson, J. E., Bradford; James, Harry, Bradford.

Koch, Simon, London.

Lambert, D., Bradford.

Mawson, J. S., Bradford; McDonnell, James, Bradford; McEwan, J. H., Bradford;
Meyers, S. P. & Co., Bradford; Moss, T., Bradford; Myers, George, Bradford.

Nathan, B., Bradford; Nathan, Mrs. Bradford; Nicholls, Richard B., Bradford.

Parker, J., Shipley; Pike, Miss Delia, Bradford; Pike, James, Bradford; Power,
Frederick R., Shipley; Power, Miss Hannah Ruth, Shipley; Power, Harry R., Shipley;
Power, Thomas E., Shipley; Priestly, Sir William, Bradford.

Rawlings, William, Bradford; Rentons, T. Leavens, Bradford; Richards, C. E., Har-
rogate; Rieschke, Percy B., Bradford; Rogers, Charles L., Leeds; Rycroft, R. H., Bing-
ley; Rycroft, W. W., Bradford.

Scatterty, Doctor, Keighley ; Smith, Fred, Cleckheaton ; Smith, George H., J. P.,
Halifax; Smith, Harry, Cleckheaton; Smith, Miss Hattie S. F., Halifax; Smith, Miss
Lizzie, Cleckheaton; Smith, Miss Minnie, Cleckheaton; Snow, J. B., Leeds; Speight, H.,
Bradford.

Towers, H. H., Cross Hills.

Walker, Arthur Cecil C., Ben Rhydding; Walker, Douglas H. C., Ben Rhydding;
Walker, Henry Noel C., Ben Rhydding; Walker, Phillip H. C., Ben Rhydding; Walker,
W. A. G., Ben Rhydding; Whitehead, Arthur, Bradford; Willey, Francis, Rotherham;
Willey, Francis Vernon, Rotherham; Williams, Herschel, London; Wood, Thomas H.,
Brighouse; Woodhead, Miss Beatrice, Baildon; Woodhead, Bernard D., Baildon; Wood-
head, Miss Clara, Baildon; Woodhead, Miss Kathleen, Baildon; Woodhead, Thomas M.,
Baildon.

Bardel, W., Rheims; Benet, Lawrence V., Paris; Brodt, Mrs. Charles L., Paris.

de Neveu, Edward, Asnieres.

Jackson, George H., Cognac; Jouard, Elis^e, Cognac.

Robinson, William Moore, Paris.

dfotmang

Baker, Hugh Potter, Munich.
Freytag, Woldemar, Breslau.
Spahr, Herman L., Breslau.
Wackerow, Richard, Breslau.

[335]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

Jtalg

Scaife, Walter B., Florence.

Panama

Barnett, B., Colon; Beal, J. M., Colon; Blackburn, W. A., Colon; Blane, J. G., Colon.
Carrington, W. H., Colon.
Dorand & Truesdell, Colon.
Fairman, C. P., Colon.
Goldstein, Isidor, Colon.
Hyatt, J. M., Colon.

Kellogg, James C., Colon; Kerr, J. L., Colon.
Linczer, A. E., Colon; Luckett, T. O., Colon.

Marcuse, S. H., Colon; Morales, F. A., Colon; Morrill, George A., Colon.
O'Brien, Joseph M., Colon; Oldstein Brothers, Colon; Owens, William J., Colon.
Perez, J. B., Colon.
Stilson, J. H., Colon.
Vance, S. L., Colon.

Wilcox, Robert, Colon; Wilford, H. R., Colon; Williams, C. R., Colon; Wright,
Charles R., Colon.

Holstein, Otto, Lima.

Acuff, Harmon O., Glasgow.
Burke, F. A., Glasgow.
McCunn, J. N., Glasgow.

Strait Srttlrmrnrs

DuBois, James T., Singapore.

Keene, Francis Bowler, Geneva.

Patterson, Miss Caroline H., Vevey; Patterson, Miss Jessie, Vevey.

Blackler, Francis, Smyrna; Blackler, F., Smyrna.

Jndia Islands

Martin, Chester W., Barbados.

[336]

THE FIRST STATE HOUSE AT COLUMBUS, OHIO

Erected In 1816, it was destroyed by fire, February 1, 1852. The building to the
left, used for various State offices, was taken down in 1S57.

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COLONEL HENRY BOUQUET IN A CONFERENCE WITH THE OHIO INDIANS
ON THE BANKS OF THE MUSKINGUM RIVER, 17<H. WHEN THE SAVAGES
AGREED TO SURRENDER THEIR PRISONERS TO THE AMERICAN FORCES

Bouquet, formerly an officer of the Swiss Guards, had entered England's service
and was sent to America, where he btcame Colonel of the Royal American Regi-
ment In the French and Indian War. In 1764 he was appointed by General Thomas
Gage, commander-in-chief of British forces in America, to lead an expedition
against the Ohio Indians. This picture is a reproduction of an engraving, made
in 17G5, from a drawing by Benjamin West.

BOUQUET RECEIVING THE CAPTIVES WHOM HE HAD INDUCED THE
INDIANS TO RELEASE

Reproduction of an engraving made in 1765 from a drawing hy Benjamin West

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LIEUTENANT-COLONEL GEORGE CROGHAN, VICTORIOUS DE-
FENDER OF FORT STEPHENSON, OHIO, IN THE WAR OF 1812

Born near Louisville, Kentucky, November 15, 1791, his father an Irishman
and his mother a sister of General George Rogers Clark, he died at New
Orleans, January 8, 1849. He was but twenty -one year.s old, in August,
1813, when, as Major, he HO gallantly repulsed the British besieging Fort
Stephenaon, for which he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.
He served also with distinction under General Taylor In the Mexican War.

MEDAL PRESENTED BY THE CONGRESS OP THE UNITED STATES TO LIEU-
TENANT-COLONEL GEORGE CROGHAN, IN COMMEMORATION OF HIS FEARLESS
DEFENCE, AGAINST GREAT ODDS, OF FORT STEPHENSON, IN AUGUST, 1818

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CHARLES GILMER GRAY

ISTORIANS are generally agreed that the conquest
of the Illinois Country by Colonel George Rogers
Clark, early in the period of the war of the American
Revolution, and its retention under American rule
until the war's close, had much to do with this whole
______ Mississippi Valley country being held under the nego-

tiations of 1782, as part of that territory constituting the present
United States. But for this, the whole vast region, lying north of
the Ohio and east of the Mississippi, and reaching even further down
along the east banks of the river, to touch the Spanish possessions,
in extent of greater area than all that lying east of the Alleghany
range of mountains, would have remained British territory, along
with Canada at the north.

It often happens that less danger attaches to the conquering
than to the keeping the conquered territory. It was a brave accom-
plishment, — the gaining this far-off enemy's country: the holding
it required no less bravery. After the surprising success of the cam-
paign in which Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Post St. Vincent's, and the
smaller posts of the Illinois Country came into the possession of the
Americans, a situation presented itself calculated to cause serious
concern, especially to the leader who had been instrumental in bring-
ing it about. To him, looking around, peril threatened on every
side. Colonel Clark and his little army were here in the very heart
of the enemy's country, a thousand miles or more from the centre
of population of Virginia whence they came, with high ranges of
mountains intervening, cut off from sources of supply, hostile sav-

[356]

GENERAL CLARK IN THE ENEMY S COUNTRY

ages on every hand, and with the British from Canada threatening
to attack.

Ever since 1763, when France relinquished her claim, British
rule had extended over this whole northwest country, Detroit on the
Lakes as the active centre of operations and seat of government.
Here lived the Lieutenant Governor, who, under the Governor of
Quebec, exercised authority both civil and military in the Illinois
Country. The present Lieutenant Governor was Henry Hamilton,
a man of energy and address, who, during his incumbency, had bent
his efforts to gain the friendship and aid of the many Indian tribes
residing in the territory under his rule ; and indeed, by means of fair
promises and lavish gifts, he had succeeded fairly well in establish-
ing friendly relations with many of them.

In consideration of all these facts, two things appeared to Colonel
Clark most important to be done — equally important they seemed:
First, the conciliating of the savages in all the surrounding country;
and, next, the capture of Detroit.

As to the latter, it had long been looked upon as a military neces-
sity, having been regarded as the only means of securing permanent
tranquility for the Illinois and Kentucky settlements. In one of his
letters to Colonel Clark, Governor Patrick Henry, of Virginia, had
said, "Our peace and safety are not secure while the enemy are as
near as Detroit," and in another, looking forward to a situation exactly
such as at present, "I know therefore of but two objects for next
summer's operations: — these are an expedition against Detroit, and
another against those tribes of Indians between the Ohio and Illinois
rivers which have harassed us with eternal hostilities."

But this taking of Detroit away to the north was full of dangers.
Aside from the great distance and the strong line of fortifications,
a garrison numbering several hundred was maintained there. Before
undertaking this expedition, additional forces must be secured. There-
fore some time must be taken gathering them together, as well as in
strengthening the positions already taken.

While this was being done, Clark set himself the task of win-
ning over from the British interests the numerous neighboring savage
tribes, considering this in itself to be an accomplishment worth his
while, and an essential in a successful campaign against the English
at Detroit. For the carrying out of this design he was well fitted by
his experience in dealing with Indians in the Kentucky settlements,
and by his natural quick perception and sagacity. Through long

[357]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

acquaintance, he was thoroughly familiar with Indian customs and
•I a good understanding of Indian nature.

Entering on this difficult work, he had outlined a policy which
^i^ved immensely successful in its working out. The basal idea was
that the Indian by nature was subservient, was impressed by prowess,
and that he would attach himself to whichever side seemed most likely
to afford him protection. By his policy Clark hoped to gain the
ascendancy over these Indian tribes by a display of power, and by
tact, rather than by war.

There were a dozen or more strong tribes in this territory, whose
friendship must be gained and whose Chiefs and Sachems must be won
over to his cavtse. The British had gained and held them by gifts be-
stowed, as had the French before them. It was not in Clark's plan to
gain favor by buying it, for then, he said, the Indians would think him
weak. His purpose was to convince the Indians that the government
he represented was stronger than the English government, and could
afford them better protection. In his harangues before their coun-
cils he claimed he represented the "good father," the government of
Virginia, and the King of France, who had sent him out to look after
their children; that he was fighting the British because they had not
treated the Americans fairly;- and that, if the Indians wanted to be
friends to the British, they should go and fight with them, but, if they
did, it would not be long till they would be driven from the face of
the earth, because they could see how the Americans had taken all
the forts from the British ; that they were not able to defend them-
selves ; that when fighting the British the Americans considered they
were fighlting squaws. By such speeches, well pressed by his strong
personality, he made telling appeals for friendly relations to these red
men of forest and streams.

The success of this policy is indicated in a letter of Clark, giving
an account of these events, written to his friend, Mr. George Mason
of Virginia, in the year 1779, where he says: "It was with aston-
ishment that we viewed the great number of savages that flocked
into the town of Cahoos [Cahokia] to treat for peace, many of them
coming from 500 miles distant." Governor Henry, too, in his letters
to the Legislature, informing them of the great success of the enter-
prise, says: "Colonel Clark has not only reduced the English posts
in the Illinois Country, but has struck such terror into the Indian
tribes between the lower settlements and the lakes that no less than
five of them, — the Puans, the Sacks, the Renards, the Powtowanta-

[358]

GENERAL CLARK IN THE ENEMY S COUNTRY

mies, and the Miamies, who had received the hatchet from the English
emissaries, — have submitted to our arms, given up all their English
presents, and bound themselves by treaties and promises to be peacea-
ble in the future. The great Blackbird, the Chippewan chief, has
also sent a belt of peace to Colonel Clark, also the Peankishows, the
Towows, Peorias, Delawares, Pillikishaws, Marketans, and some of
the Shawnese chiefs, have also given up all their tokens of attachment
to their enemies, and pledged their fidelity to us."

Their extracts show in a graphic manner the changed attitude
of the Indians as between the English and the Americans.

These councils, assembled for the making of treaties and securing
pledges of peace, were events of much importance amongst the tribes,
and were made much of, being very often preceded and followed by
dancing and feasting and accompanied by long-drawn-out ceremonials,
with the giving and receiving of presents as the usual, not-to-be-for-
gotten accompaniment.

The assemblies frequently occurred at night, with a setting to
make for the impressiveness of the occasion, in the Chief's tent or
council house, maybe lit up only by the fitful flame of the council fire.
Skins of wild animals, — the bear, the wolf, the shaggy buffalo,—
spread on the ground, furnished seats for these dusky warrior-coun-
selors.

Presently, the set time having arrived, Colonel Clark, with some
of his officers detailed for the duty, enter, taking places near the
centre in seats prepared for them. Then come the representatives of
the tribes, the Chiefs, the Sachems, the ambassadors, if any there
are, and any others, all entering single file and silently seating them-
selves, some squatting, some sitting, others reclining, savage fashion.
They are all bedecked and bedaubed with feathers and vermilion or
ochre paints, and clothed in deer or bear skin suits.

In such assemblies, along with other representatives, there was
one gifted with the tongue and the arts of the orator, who, at the
proper time, was put forward to speak for the tribe. He was usually
straight, and well formed as to body, with mind well filled with his
people's history, and memory stored with Indian metaphor and
imagery, and ready speech and gesture to set it forth.

Now the ceremonials begin by the passing of the calumet and the
smoking by all, if they will, of the peace pipe. In due course the ora-
tor arises. His first words are some compliment to the white men
who have invited them, to the Great Father, the Governor of Virginia,

[359]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

and to the King of France. As he begins his set speech, a string of
wampum belts is produced to make binding the pledges he is to make
on behalf of his tribe. He holds one up, offering it as a present to
the white man, the representative of the Great Father, the Governor
of Virginia, and the King of France, to show him that the Indians
want peace, that they are done with war. Here he becomes dramatic.
Snatching up a hatchet and brandishing it like mad, he flings it with
great violence into the fire, saying: "Thus is my anger against
the Americans thrown away." A second belt is now held up and
handed over as a present to show that the sun is bright, the air
clear, the stream smooth. The third is passed over to declare that
his tribe had sent presents to the other tribes, to recall their war
parties, looking forward to the future time of peace. A fourth belt
is to open the rivers and streams to the passage of the boats of the
Americans. A fifth is to drive away the hostile canoes from their
rivers; a sixth to smooth away the rapids, and calm the whirlpools,
so the boats of the Americans can pass safely. All these much-
to-be-wished-for things, — the peaceful passage of the rivers, the driv-
ing away of the hostile canoes, the smoothing away of the rapids,—
are made to pass before the hearers as a drama by the wild art of
the orator. "Look," he says, waving his hands, "the sky is clear,
the streams are open, the cataracts are smoothed away." Another
belt is handed over, maybe of unusual size and splendor, to bind
together his tribe with the Americans and French, as allies, as one
man, making the union of these people vivid, by bringing forward
one of his tribe setting them close and binding these two with one
of the American officers by joining arms; making them appear as
one man. The next belt invites the Americans to feast with them,
saying their country is full of fish and game of every kind. The
last belt is to scatter the clouds, that the sun may shine on the hearts
of the Americans and Indians, showing their sincerity and truth in
these thoughts of peace, and their proffer of peace with the Americans.

His speech being done, the orator sits down, with the grunts of
approval of his red followers.

Then comes the response of the American commander, and his
distribution of gifts — if he bestows any, for it was not in his plan to
gain favor by gifts. Then, after other periods of speech-making,
and smoking and silences, the council comes to a close, to be followed
by another in a day or two to conclude and sign the treaties.

It occurred sometimes in these council meetings, that Colonel

[360]

GENERAL CLARK IN THE ENEMY S COUNTRY

Clark and his fellow Commissioners were placed in positions of much
personal danger. Of all the tribes the Shawnees remained longest
hostile to the Americans. As some one said, they were "the first in bat-
tle, the last in treaty." It is related of this tribe that at last they
agreed to bury the hatchet and sue for peace.

A Council having been called, the American Commissioners,
headed by Colonel Clark, were seated at the table in the centre — a
scant half dozen of them. When it came time for the Indian dele-
gation to appear, much to their surprise, three hundred Shawnees,
their finest warriors, in full paint and feathers, filed into the council
house and took seats around. The unusual number excited suspicion
of their peaceable intentions. Then there were only seventy Ameri-
can soldiers in the stockade adjoining. What follows shows the fear-
lessness of Colonel Clark, as well as his art in bringing these unruly
savages to his terms.

The Indians put forward an old Sachem and a young war Chief
to speak for them. The latter made a boisterous harangue, which
aroused the angry passions of his savage hearers, who responded
with loud whoops at every pause. In closing he placed on the table
a black and a white wampum belt, indicating by this that they were
ready for either event, peace or war.

While all this was in progress, Colonel Clark, with head resting
on his left hand and elbow on table, had shown the utmost uncon-
cern. But now, taking up his cane, he pushed the belts off the table
on to the floor. At this, the astonished savages all started to their
feet, uttering sounds all together to frighten the bravest heart. At
this juncture, Clark arose, swept the line with a withering glance,
stamped the belts under his foot, and ordered them all to leave the
hall. This they did, though with reluctance. All night they were
heard parleying among themselves. The younger warriors were for
war, the older for peace. The next morning they came together in
council again and sued for peace.

These frontier wars waged during this period were of a very
different character from wars as usually carried on between civilized
peoples. It was not a body of trained soldiers battling with another
trained body. They partook more of the nature of raids ; of the sur-
prise of a family, or of a cluster of families; of attacks on some
weak unprotected settlement; of the massacre of innocent women
and children ; of scalpings ; of tortures ; and such-like barbarities and
inhumanities. By these raids the border communities were kept in
a constant state of alarm and terror.

[36i]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

History bears out the statement that ever since the commence-
ment of the Revolutionary War the British had been in many instances
the instigators of these raids, and had made use of the savages as
allies in carrying them out. It was so in the Carolinas and in the
borders of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and New York. This same policy
they were now employing in the Illinois Country.

It would please us better to believe this accidental, a wrong
understanding of orders, a mistake of some subordinate officer. But
it was none of these, as clearly appears. Correspondence exists
between English officers high in authority showing this a part of
their settled policy in the conduct of thle war. There is a letter even
from the Secretary of State, Germain, approving of the same. In a
letter of General Haldemand, with date August 26, 1778, he says:
"Some of the Indians might easily be induced to undertake expediti-
tiously to clear all of the Illinois Country of these invaders."

Lieutenant Governor Hamilton appears in the first place to have
urged the use of the savage allies, and it was met with the endorsement
of those high in authority. Here are some facts:

Hamilton, of Detroit, under orders of Germain, Secretary of
State, sent out fifteen several parties, in all two hundred and eighty-
nine red men, under thirty white officers, to prowl on the frontiers
of Pennsylvania and Virginia. In his report to Governor Guy Carl-
eton, on their return, he says the Indians had brought in seventy-three
prisoners alive, and one hundred and twenty-nine scalps. In a later
report to Governor Haldimand, who had now replaced Carlton, he
says that since last May the Indians in this district had taken thirty-
four prisoners and eighty-one scalps.

On June 30, 1778, four hundred English soldiers and seven hun-
dred Seneca Indians entered the Wyoming Valley lying along the
beautiful Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania, finding there only a
small band of three hundred males, made up of old men and boys,
unsuited, on account of age, for military service, the able-bodied men
being with Washington and his army.

On July 3, this brave but doomed band, under the leadership of
Colonel Zebulon Butler, deeming their only hope to be in defiance,
marched out to meet their enemy. The British, with their savage
allies, greatly outnumbering the opposing force, under pretense of
retreating, drew them into an ambuscade, in which they suffered
total defeat, with two hundred and twenty-five scalps taken, pris-
oners all massacred, and very few escaping to tell the tale.

[362]

GENERAL CLARK IN THE ENEMY S COUNTRY

Early in 1779, the traitor Simon Girty, with Captain Bird of the
King's Regiment, and a small band of British officers, leading a
horde of savages, — the Wyandots and the Mingoes, — ravaged the
country surrounding Pittsburgh, going to the extent of besieging
Fort Pitt itself for a month.

On May 26 a force of what was supposed to be three hundred
Indians, under the direction of Major de Peyster, Commandant at
Detroit, and led by a British officer, Sinclair, appeared in the vicinity
of St. Louis, at that time a French town, expecting to capture it;
but failed to attack, on account of the defection of some of the Indians.

Another division, under Langlade, similarly made up, with some
traitors added, were expected to fall upon Kaskaskia, capital of the
Illinois, and capture it. These two divisions contained fifteen hun-
dred savages.

A third division was expected to come up into the Illinois Coun-
try from the south, led by a Scotchman, Colvert, and supported by a
horde of savages from the Cherokee and Chickasaw tribes. Each
of these three expeditions was part of a concerted plan to attack
Colonel Clark and his forces from all these different directions, and
either destroy or drive them out of the country.

The controlling thought underlying this barbarous mode of war-
fare seems to have been that it would strike terror into the hearts of
the rebels, — as the Americans were called, — especially those on the
frontiers, and bring them to a quick submission. But it must, in
fairness, be said, that this course met much opposition, even amongst
the British Army officers in this country. Governor Abbott himself
opposed the policy, except in a modified form, as did Governor Guy
Carleton before him, and many others.

Lieutenant Governor Hamilton of Detroit, more than any one
else, had put in practice this inhuman feature of the war, even going
to the extent of offering standing reward for scalps; and he, more
than anyone else, had to bear the opprobrium of such a course.

The policy of Colonel Clark in this respect was in marked con-
trast to that of Hamilton. Time and again he refused the offers
of noted Indian warriors with their followers, asking them to sit
still, that he did not need them to fight.

Kaskaskia had been occupied on July 4, 1778. On August 4
word reached Hamilton that the Illinois Country was in the hands
of the rebels. He at once despatched Monsieur Caleron, with war
belts for the Wabash Indians, half-way down to St. Vincent's. The
next few weeks he devoted to getting ready for the campaign.

[363]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

In organizing his forces, he depended largely on the help of the
Indians. On October 7 the expedition, with Hamilton in command,
set out for the retaking of the fallen fort. His force consisted of
one hundred and eighty men, of whom sixty were Indians. At Miami
Town, now Fort Wayne, they were met by several tribes, to whom
they made presents, at the same time asking their aid. On resuming
their march, many of these Indians joined them, to whom they
furnished guns and ammunition.

At the end of seventy-two days, Hamilton reached his destina-
tion, where he found Captain Helm in command of the American
forces. The fort was in a bad situation for defense. There had been
a garrison of seventy men, made up almost entirely of French adher-
ents ; but, at the sight of the superior enemy, these "folded their tents
like the Arabs, and as silently stole away."

In a letter to Captain Helm to Colonel Clark, he says: "The
enemy in sight with their 500 or 600 men — I have 21 men but what
have left me and not 4 that can really depend upon."

But, nothing daunted, the Captain put up as good a show of
defense as possible. He had a loaded cannon wheeled to the entrance
to the fort, manned and ready to fire at command. When the Brit-
ish Commander demanded surrender, Helm ordered them to halt,
and asked the terms. On being accorded the honors of war, he gave
up the fort.

In due course, the news of St. Vincent's fall came to Colonel
Clark at Kaskaskia, while in the midst of his preparations against
Detroit. He at once decided that, instead of Detroit, he must direct
his efforts to the retaking of the fallen fort at St. Vincent.

His situation seemed now doubly full of peril; but, brave man
that he was, he determined to win success by some bold stroke. He
wrote to Governor Henry, February 3, 1779: "I am resolved to take
advantage of his [Hamilton's] present situation, and risk the whole
in a single battle. I know the case is desperate but, Sir, we must
either quit the country, or attack Mr. Hamilton. Who knows what
fortune may do for us: Great things have been effected by a few
men well conducted."

Within a few days, he set out, with not over one hundred and
seventy men, to make a perilous march in dead of winter from Kas-
kaskia to Vincennes, a full two hundred miles, taking twenty-three
days to traverse, making a journey that tried men's souls, and sue-

[364]

GENERAL CLARK IN THE ENEMY S COUNTRY

ceeding above expectations in capturing the fort, along with the
persons of Hamilton and a train of British officers and soldiers.

By this bold stroke he relieved himself of present peril, threat-
ening on all sides, and the more firmly established himself in the
very heart of the enemy's country.

[365]

"7.

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Nineteen

VOLUME X

JULY-AUGUST-SEPTEMBER

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past Regent, Colorado, Daughters
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the American Revolution

[373]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

LEWIS HORN FISHER, LL. M.

Secretary United States Civil Serv-
ice, Fourth District
MRS. MARY STUART SMITH

jflotiUa
MRS. CLAUDE STELLE TINGLEY, B. S.,

M. A.

SISTER ESTHER CARLOTTA, S. R.
Ex-President Florida Division Unit-
ed Daughters of the Confederacy

feateatt

GEORGE P. CASTLE
WILLIAM D. WESTERVELT

SHinote

SAMUEL S. BUTLER
HONORABLE CHARLES E. WILSON
HONORABLE JOHN H. HUNGATE
President First National Bank, La

Harpe
MRS. WASHINGTON HESING

Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Founders and Patriots
MRS. GEORGE A. LAWRENCE
MRS. HENRY CLAY PURMORT
Life-Member Society Mayflower
Descendants in Illinois

Jnbiana

JOHN FOWLER MITCHELL

President William Mitchell Printing

Company

HONORABLE GEORGE H. COOPER
Cashier Greenfield Citizens' Bank

3o to a
SHERMAN IRA POOL

Sons of the American Revolution,

Iowa State Historical Society
EDWIN WELCH BURCH

First President Iowa Baptist Bro-
therhood
HEMAN C. SMITH

Editor Journal of History

CHARLES ALEXANDER KEITH, B. A.
OXON.
History and Civics, East Kentucky

Normal School
MRS. WILLIAM H. THOMPSON

Vice-President General, National
Society Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution
Miss MARY NATHALIE BALDY

Miss NELLIE WOODBURY JORDAN
Instructor in History, State Normal

HUGH MACLELLAN SOUTHGATE, B. S.
American Institute Electrical Engi-
neers

ALPHONZO BENJAMIN BOWERS, C. E.
President Atlantic Harbor Railroad

Company
HENRY Louis STICK, M. D.

Superintendent Hospital Cottages for

Children, Baldwinsville
J. VAUGHAN DENNETT

New England Historical and Genea-

logical Society
MRS. Louis PRANG

President Roxbury Civic Club
MRS. SARAH BOWMAN VAN NESS
Honorary Life Regent, Lexington,
Daughters of the American Rev-
olution
Miss CAROLINE BORDEN

Trustee American College, Constan-
tinople

FREDERICK W. MAIN, M. D.
Jackson Chamber of Commerce

[374]

GRAND COUNCIL OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

MRS. JAMES H. CAMPBELL

State President, United States
Daughters of 1812

MRS. FORDYCE HUNTINGTON ROGERS

Ex-Dean Women, Olivet College
MRS. FREDERICK BECKWITH STEVENS
Miss MARCIA MARIA RICHARDSON
Mayflower Descendants, Colonial
Dames

Sfltnncsotii

MRS. MARY ELIZABETH BUCKNUM
Minneapolis Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution

Miss LUELLA AGNES OWEN

Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science and
American Geographical Society

T. J. FlTZPATRICK, M. S.

Fellow American Association for
the Advancement of Science

ELEANOR HAINES, M. D.

Life-Member, New Jersey Historical

Society

MRS. ERASTUS GAYLORD PUTNAM
Honorary Vice-President General,
National Society Daughters of
the American Revolution
MRS. EX-GOVERNOR JOSEPH DORSETT

BEDLE

Past President New Jersey Colonial
Dames

HONORABLE L. BRADFORD PRINCE,
LL. D.

Ex-Governor, President Historical
Society of New Mexico

gurfc

ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON

President Hispanic Society of Amer-
ica

REVEREND GEORGE CLARKE HOUGH-
TON, D. D.
Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of

the Revolution
CHARLES JACKSON NORTH

Life-Member Buffalo Historical So-
ciety
HENRY E. HUNTINGTON

President Los Angeles Railway Cor-
poration
JOSEPH A. MCALEENAN

Associate Member Explorers' Club

FRANK JOSEPH Louis WOUTERS,
Stockinger Photo-Engraving and

Printing Company
MRS. BENJAMIN SILLIMAN CHURCH
Incorporator Colonial Dames of

America
MRS. FREDERICK F. THOMPSON

Vice-President George Washington

Memorial Association
MRS. DANIEL S. LAMONT

President Army Relief Society
MRS. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN

Philanthropist, Trustee Barnard

College

MRS. JOHN CARSTENSEN
MRS. ALICE B. TWEEDY

National Society Daughters of the

American Revolution
MRS. MELVILLE AUGUSTUS JOHNSON
Director Onondaga County Histor-
ical Association
MRS. CORNELIA E. S. HOLLEY
Chapin Association

[375]

THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY

MRS. HENRY A. STRONG
Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
Miss MAY OSBORNE

National Society Daughters of the
American Revolution

MRS. VIOLA A. BROMLEY

Fort Greene Chapter, Daughters of

the American Revolution
MRS. W. B. SYLVESTER

Founder and Honorary Regent,
Monroe Chapter, Daughters of the
American Revolution
MRS. NELLIS MARATHON RICH

National Society Founders and Pa-

triots of America
MRS. NATHANIEL McKAY

Member Executive Board National
American Flag Association

J5ortlj SDafcota
C. HERSCHEL KOYL, PH. D.

Fellow Johns Hopkins University

HONORABLE B. F. WIRT

President Equity Savings and Loan

Company

S. O. RICHARDSON, JR.
Vice-President Libbey Glass Com-
pany

MRS. OBED J. WILSON

Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
MRS. HOWARD JONES
Life-Member Ohio Archaeological
and Historical Society

MRS. JOHN GATES

Life-Member George Washington
Memorial Association

MRS. JOHN SANBORN CONNER

Life-Member George Washington

Memorial Association
Miss MARIE A. HIBBARD

Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, Toledo Art Museum Associa-
tion

MRS. GUSSIE DEBENATH OGDEN
Life-Member Mercantile Library,
Cincinnati

fiDtegon
DAVID N. MOSESSOHN

Lawyer, Publisher and Editor The
Oregon Country

ABBOT S. COOKE

President Cooke-Wilson Electric

Supply Company
FRANCIS AUGUSTUS LOVELAND
President Chrome and Beck Tanning

Companies
PERCEVAL K. GABLE
JOSEPH J. DESMOND

President Corry Citizens' National
Bank
GEORGE T. BUSH

Life-Member Sons of the Revolu-
tion

IRfjobc Joiant)
ALFRED TUCKERMAN, PH. D.

American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science

toetnrot

HONORABLE HENRY DWIGHT HOLTON,
M. D., A. M.

Ex-Senator, Ex-President Vermont
Society Sons of the American
Revolution

[376]

GRAND COUNCIL OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS

Virginia

MRS. BALDWIN DAY SPILMAN

Past Vice-President General, Na-
tional Society Daughters of the
American Revolution

MRS. LEVIN THOMAS CARTWRIGHT
Virginia Historical Society, Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution,
United Daughters of the Confed-
eracy

CUrst Pitgfnia

C. M. BOGER, M. D.

Ex-President International Hahne-
mann Association

MAJOR WILLIAM H. COBB

Director General, Knights of Wash-
ington

CClieconoin

MRS. ANDREW M. JOYS

Honorary Life-President, Wisconsin
Chapter, Daughters of Founders
and Patriots of America

MRS. ALFRED B. SCOTT

a?rmtms ot tf)r &tatt

Soattosl

Colotabo

MRS. PHILLIPS M. CHASE
Society of Colonial Dames

Jotoa

MRS. SHERMAN IRA POOL

State Historian, Iowa, Daughters of
the American Revolution

JOHN GLENN COOK

American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science

9?a0sarf)itsrtts

ARTHUR F. ESTABROOK

American Academy of Political and

Social Science
CHARLES LYMAN NEWHALL

George Washington Memorial As-
sociation

HONORABLE GEORGE D. EMERSON

Ex-Member New York State Senate
FRANK ST. JOHN SIDWAY

HENRY PARSONS

Military Order of the Loyal Legion

MRS. FRANK FOWLER Dow

Regent Irondequoit Chapter Daugh-

ters of the American Revolution
MRS. GEORGE GEDNEY SANDS

MRS. CHARLES EDMUND LONGLEY
State Regent, Rhode Island, Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution

MRS. EDWARD ROTAN

Daughters of the American Revo-
lution

[377]

Naitatral

nntor % ICawa of tlj? Siatrirt 0f GJolnmbia
at Waaljington, on tlf? ®niMttti-&ixtlj lag of April, in tb,e
$tar of QDur IGoro, •Ntnrtwn Ijunorth an& JFiftwn, "Jffor
tlit JJurposr of promoting ISiatnrtral iKuoiuU^iir anb
^patrtotiam, ano tiff ^tart of SigljtfouHnfBa Among

Hattona"

HE NAME by which the Society is to
be known is "The National Historical So-
ciety."

The Society is to continue in perpetuity.

The particular business and objects of
the Society will be :