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JOURNAL 


OF   THE 


NEW  YORK 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


^tvoUii  to  '^ntomoXoQv;  in  ^ettjeval 


/    JAN  '^  ^  "^" 

Voluime  XXVIII,  1920  ^  5-^  ( /  o 


NEW   YORK 

Published  by  the  Society 

Quarterly 

1920 


PRESS  OF 

THE  NEW  ERA  PRINTING  COMPANY 

LANCASTER,  PA. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  XXVIII. 


Page. 

ALEXAxnER.  Chas  p., 

Records    and    Descri])tions    of    Neotropical    Crane-Flies 

(  Tipulids,  Diptera).     II i 

Barber.  Geo.  W.,  and  Ellis.  Wm.  O., 

The   Beetles  of  the  Family  Cupedidae  of   America  north 

of    Mexico    197 

Bell,  E.  L.. 

Winter  Collecting  Notes  on  Florida  Rhopalocera 235 

B  latch  LEY,  W.  S., 

Some  new  Rhyncophora  from  eastern  North  America  with 
Additions  to  and  Corrections  of  the  "  Rhyncophora  of 

Northeastern   America "    161 

Chamberlin,  W.  J., 

Notes  on  two  little  known  wood-boring  Beetles.     Chryso- 
bothris    sylvania    Fall    and    Melasis    rufipennis    Horn. 

(Buprestidae,   Elateridse.)    15  ^ 

Davis,  Wm.  T., 

The  true  Katydid  nearly  extinct  in  New  York  City 78 

North  American  Cicadas  belonging  to  the  Genera  Platy- 

pedia  and  ]\Ielampsalta 95 

Book  Reviews    ....•; 239 

Dawson,  R.  W., 

New  Species  of  Serica.     ( Scarabseidse. )     III 208 

Dickerson.  Edgar  I.,  and  Weiss,  Harry  B.. 

The  Insects  of  the  Evening  Primroses  in  New  Jersey  ....     32 
Forbes.  W.  T.  M.. 

Notes  on  the  Crambin;c.      (  Lcpidoptera. )    214 

Hallinan.  Thomas. 

General   Notes   on   the   Lepidoptera   of   the   Canal    Zone, 

Isthmus  of  Panama   -23^ 

Nicola Y.  Alan  S.,  and  Weiss.  Harry  B.. 

The    Group    Traches    in    North    America.     Part    I.     The 

Genera  Pachyschclus  and  Taphrocerus  136 

NoTMAN,  Howard. 

Coleoptera  collected  at  Schoharie.  N.  V.,  Juno  9-14.  19' 8, 
with  Descriptions  of  new  Species I4 

iii 


iv  Contents. 

Legs  in  the  Carabidae •  •     ^o 

Coleoptera  collected  at  Windsor,  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  with 

Notes  and   Descriptions    17° 

Petrunkevitch,  Alexander,  Ph.D., 

Description  of  Orchestina  saltitans  Banks.     (Arachnida.)   157 

Sharp,  D., 

Studies  in  Rhyncophora.     IX.  The  sexes  of  Conotrachelus 

brevisetis  Champ 74 

Watson,  Frank  E., 

•      Miscellaneous   Notes   and   Records   of    local    Lepidoptera 

with  the  Description  of  a  new  Form 227 

Woodruff,  Lewis  B., 

Further    Notes    on    the    Membracid    Genus    Ophiderma 

Fairm.     (Hemip.-Homop.)      212 

Miscellaneous   Notes    °9 

Proceedings  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.  90,  194,  241 


Vol.  XXVI II. 


N<..   I 


JOUR  N AL 


OF  THE 


NEW  YORK 


BntomologicaJ  Society. 


S>evoteC»  to  lEutomoloovi  in  (5a 


'O/i    ,        K    * 


JUN2  1  1920  ) 


MARCH,  1920. 

Edited  hy  HOWARD  N(  )TMAN 

/'lil'lualion  Coinuiittrr. 
Hi'WAKu  NiiiMAN  K.  t.  Lur«. 

NV.   P.  COMSTOCK.  CH\m.RS  SCIIABPPKK. 


Rublished   Quarterly    by    the   Society. 
I,.\NC.\STKR,   1\\.  NEW  YORK  CITV. 

1920. 

Apnl  :i,  1/04,31  I,a'>c«*!»r,  Ta.  as  »econd-claji  matter   un.lcr  Act  ot  Congre»»  ol  July  i*-.  1*^,4 
THC  NtW  tHA  f«lNr 


CONTENTS 


Records   and   Descriptions   of  Neotropical  Crane  Flies,  Diptera, 

Tipulidae.      II.      By  Chari.es  P.  Alexander ...        i 

Coleoptera  collected  at  Schoharie,  N.  Y.,  June  9-14, 1918,  with  De- 
scriptions of  New  Species.     By  Howard  NoTMAN.  .    .  .    ••   •    14 
The  Insects  of  the  Evening  Primroses  in  New  Jersey.     By  Edgar 

I..  Dickerson  and  Harry  B.  Weiss.      .    .  32 

Studies  in  Rhynchophora.     IX.  The  Sexes  of  Conotrachelus  brevi- 

Setis  Champ.     By  D.  Sharp.  ...        /   .  74 

The  True  Katydid  nearly  extinct  in  New  York  City.     B\  \\  m.  T. 

Davis 78 

Legs  in  the  Carabidae.     By  Howard  Notman. 80 

Miscellaneous  Notes.  89 

Proceedings  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     90 


JOURNAL 


Pt\a  i]0oFk  ^n^omologiral  HoriFfg, 


Vol.  XXVIII.  March,  1920.  No.  1. 

RECORDS   AND    DESCRIPTIONS   OF   NEOTROPICAL 
CRANE-FLIES    (TIPULID^,   DIPTERA).     II. 

By  Charles  P.  Alexander, 

Urbana,  III. 

The  crane-flies  discussed  in  the  present  article  are  ahnost  without 
exception  from  South  America.  They  are  based  largely  on  collect- 
ions made  in  1919  near  Para,  Brazil,  by  Mr.  Herbert  S.  Parish,  the 
veteran  insect  collector  of  the  American  Tropics.  Several  other 
interesting  species  were  sent  me  by  Seiior  Charles  Bruch.  collected 
near  La  Plata,  Argentina,  and  a  few  others  taken  by  Dr.  Witte  in 
the  Province  of  Santa  Cruz,  Southern  Patagonia.  The  types  are 
preserved  in  the  collection  of  the  writer ;  parat>'pes  of  several  Ar- 
gentinian species  in  the  Museum  at  La  Plata. 

Genus  Geranomyia  Curtis. 
Geranomyia  argentinensis  new  species. 

Head  gray,  the  gcnx  more  buffy ;  mesonotum  dull  yellow,  the  pra:scutum 
with  three  very  broad  brown  stripes  that  are  nearly  confluent ;  femora  with 
an  indistinct,  narrow,  brown  subterminal  ring;  wings  subhyaline,  the  stigma 
dark  brown,  vein  Sc  long,  the  basal  deflection  of  C«i  before  the  fork  of  M. 

Male. — Length  (excluding  rostnim),  5.8-6  mm.;  wing,  6.3-6.8  mm.; 
rostrum,  3.2-3.4  mm. 

Female. — Length  (excluding  rostrum),  7.5  mm.;  wing.  -.5  mm.;  rostrum, 
3.3  mm. 


2  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     fVoi.  xxviii. 

Rostrum  dark  brown,  rather  elongate,  the  tips  of  the  paraglossae  compara- 
tively short.  Antennae  with  the  scapal  segments  brown,  the  flagellum  dark 
brown;  basal  flagellar  segments  oval,  the  terminal  segments  cylindrical.  Head 
pale  reddish,  heavily  gray  pruinose,  the  gense  buflfy.  Vertex  between  the  eyes 
rather  narrow. 

Mesonotum  dull  yellow,  the  prascutum  with  three  very  broad  brown 
stripes  that  are  practically  confluent ;  scutum  with  the  lobes  largely  dark 
brown ;  scutellum  dark  brown,  broadly  margined  with  yellow  or,  in  some  cases, 
entirely  yellow ;  postnotum  dark  brown.  Pleura  uniformly  dull  yellow,  the 
mesonotum  whitish  pruinose.  Halteres  brown,  the  base  of  the  stem  paler. 
Legs  with  the  coxse  and  trochanters  yellow ;  femora  pale  yellowish  brown,  the 
tips  a  little  brighter  and  with  a  very  indistinct  and  narrow  brown  annulus ; 
tibiae  light  brown,  the  tips  narrowly  darker ;  tarsi  dark  brown.  Wings  sub- 
hyaline  ;  stigma  oval,  dark  brown ;  veins  dark  brown.  Venation :  Sc  long,  Sci 
extending  to  about  opposite  two  thirds  the  length  of  the  long  sector,  Sc2  not 
far  removed  from  the  tip  of  Sci ;  a  supernumerary  crossvein  in  cell  Sc  a  short 
distance  before  the  origin  of  the  sector;  Rs  long,  about  three  times  as  long  as 
the  basal  deflection  of  Ri  +  ^;  basal  deflection  of  C«i  some  distance  before  the 
fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  the  lateral  margins  of  the  tergites  more 
yellowish ;  sternites  yellowish.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ventral  pleural  ap- 
pendage large,  greatly  exceeding  the  pleurites;  two  acute  needle-like  points  on 
either  side  at  the  base  of  the  ventral  pleural  appendage. 

Habitat. — Argentina. 

Holotype,  J*,  Province  of  Buenos  Aires  (C.  Bruch). 

Allotype,  5. 

Paratopotypes,  S  (^>2- 

Geranomyia  argentinensis  belongs  to  the  group  of  G.  canadensis 
(Westwood)  and  is  most  nearly  allied  to  G.  guatemalensis  A\Q-x.a.ndtr 
from  which  it  may  be  told  by  the  shorter  rostrum,  the  different  tho- 
racic and  abdominal  pattern,  the  less  distinct  brown  femoral  ring, 
and  other  details. 

Genus  Dicranomyia  Stephens. 
Dicranomyia  amazonica  new  species. 

Size  large  (wing  of  ,^  over  8  mm.)  ;  general  coloration  black,  the  prsescu- 
tum  reddish  with  a  shiny  black  median  stripe ;  wings  grayish  brown,  the  costal 
region  and  narrow  seams  along  the  cord  darker  brown,  Sc  long,  cell  ist  M^ 
small,  subquadrate. 

Male. — Length,  7.8  mm. ;  wing,  8.5  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brown.  Antennae  black  throughout,  the  last  seg- 
ment elongate  subulate.  Head  dark  brown,  gray  prviinose,  the  vertex  narrowed 
between  the  eyes,  the  latter  with  large  coarse  ommatidia. 


Nlarch,  1920. 1  ALEXANDER:    NEOTROPICAL    CrAXE-FlIES.  3 

Mesonotal  prsscutum  reddish  with  a  conspicuous  black  median  stripe  that 
is  broadest  and  most  distinct  in  front,  becoming  obliterated  before  the  suture ; 
scutum,  scutellum  and  postnotum  black.  Pleura  mostly  black,  the  mesepimera 
a  little  paler.  Halteres  dark  brownish  black.  Legs  with  the  coxae  dull  reddish, 
the  fore  coxae  black  ;  trochanters  dull  reddish  ;  femora  black,  the  bases  nar- 
rowly reddish  ;  remainder  of  the  legs  black.  Wings  grayish  brown,  the  wing- 
base  indistinctly  brighter;  the  costal  region,  stigma,  tip  of  the  wing  and  narrow 
seams  along  the  crossveins  and  deflections  of  veins  dark  brown  ;  veins  dark 
brown,  R,  Cti  and  2d  A  more  yellowish.  Venation :  Sc  long,  extending  to  be- 
yond midlength  of  the  long  sector,  Sco  at  the  tip  of  .S"<r, ;  r  at  the  tip  of  R^, 
longer  than  the  apex  of  /?i  beyond  it;  cell  ist  M,  small,  subquadrate;  basal 
deflection  of  Cu^  before  the  fork  of  M ;  Cu„  shorter  than  the  deflection  of  Cui. 

Abdominal  tergites  black,  the  caudal  margins  of  segments  two  to  five 
broadly  but  indistinctly  paler;  stcrnitcs  reddish  brown.  Hypopygium  conspic- 
uously reddish  orange  ;  pleurites  elongate,  much  longer  than  the  relatively  small 
appendages;  penis-guard  conspicuous,  about  as  long  as  the  pleurites. 

Habitat. — Brazil. 

Holotype,  J*.  Igarape-Assu,  Para,  July  i6,  1919  ( H.  S.  Parish). 

Paratype,  J*,  Obidoo,  September  10,  1919   (H.  S.  Parish). 

Dicranomyia  sanctae-cruzae  new  species. 

General  coloration  reddish  yellow ;  antennal  flagellum  dark  brown ;  legs 
yellow,  only  the  terminal  tarsal  segments  darker;  wings  yellowish  subhyaline 
with  sparse  dark  brown  marks  at  the  stigma,  along  the  cord,  at  crossvein  m 
and  on  the  2d  Anal  vein. 

Male. — Length,  8.4  mm.  ;  wing,   12  mm. 

Female. — Length,  9—9.3  mm.;  wing,  11. 5— 12.6  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  light  yellow.  Antennae  with  the  scapal  segments  brown- 
ish yellow,  the  flagellar  segments  dark  brown,  the  intermediate  flagellar  seg- 
ments oval  in  shape.  Head  reddish  brown  with  a  microscopic  dense  white 
pubescence,  the  median  line  of  the  vertex  darker.  Eyes  rather  widely  sepa- 
rated  by   the  vertex. 

Thorax  reddish  yellow,  the  mesonotal  pr.xscutum  with  very  indistinct 
darker  reddish  stripes.  Pleura  reddish  brown.  Halteres  pale.  Legs  with  the 
coxcc  and  trochanters  dull  yellow  ;  remainder  of  the  legs  pale  yellow,  the  two 
terminal  tarsal  segments  dark  brown ;  last  tarsal  segment  longer  than  the 
penultimate ;  claws  with  three  teeth.  Wings  subhyaline,  the  yellow  veins  sur- 
rounded by  a  pale  yellow  tinge;  stigma  brown,  connected  with  a  brown  seam 
at  the  fork  of  Rs;  Cm^  and  the  basal  deflection  of  Cm,  seamed  with  brown;  a 
large  brown  area  on  crossvein  mi  ;  the  distal  half  of  vein  2d  A  with  a  large 
dark  brown  seam.  Venation  :  5"c,  ending  opposite  the  origin  of  Rs,  Scz  a  short 
distance  back  from  the  tip  so  that  Sc^  alone  is  a  little  longer  than  r;  basal 
deflection  of  /?4*s  about  one  half  the  length  of  the  feebly  sinuous  sector;  cell 
1st  A/j  closed  ;  basal  deflection  of  Ci<,  at  or  some  distance  before  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  reddish  brown,  the  sternites  yellowish,  the  subtcrminal 


4  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'oi-  xxviii. 

sternites  a  little  darker.  Male  hypopygium  rather  large,  the  pleurites  slender, 
on  the  ventral  inner  face  produced  proximad  into  a  prominent  lobe  that  is 
covered  with  appressed  hairs;  ventral  pleural  appendage  large.  Ovipositor 
with  the  valves  nearly  equal  in  length,  or  the  tergal  valves  a  little  shorter  than 
the  sternal  valves,  the  tips  acute;  the  tergal  valves  are  blackened  and  with  the 
dorsal  edges  minutely  serrate. 

Habitat.— Argentina   (Patagonia)  ;  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Holotype,  J*,  Valle  Tunel,  Santa  Cruz   (Dr.  Witte). 

Allotopotype,  2- 

Paratopotype,  $;  paratype,  $,  Tierra  del  Fuego  (Ohlin). 

Dicranomyia  sanctcc-cruza  is  a  large,  vigorous  species  that  re- 
sembles D.  chlorofica  (Philippi),  but  is  readily  told  by  the  hand- 
somely spotted  wings. 

The  paratype  is  in  the  Reichsmuseum  in  Stockholm. 

Genus  Rhipidia  Meigen. 
Rhipidia   (Rhipidia)  costaloides  new  species. 

Antennae  black ;  general  coloration  black,  the  anterior  part  of  the  praescu- 
tum  more  reddish  brown ;  wings  pale  gray  with  a  grayish  brown  pattern  along 
the  veins. 

Female. — Length,  4.8  mm. ;  wing,  5.3  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brownish  black.  Antennae  black  throughout. 
Head  dark. 

Mesonotal  prasscutum  reddish  brown,  becoming  darker  posteriorly,  the  re- 
mainder of  the  mesonotum  likewise  dark.  Pleura  dark,  the  sternum  more  yel- 
lowish. Halteres  pale  brown,  the  knobs  darker.  Legs  with  the  coxae  dark 
basally ;  trochanters  brown ;  femora  brown ;  remainder  of  the  legs  broken. 
Wings  pale  gray  subhyaline  with  a  moderately  heavy  grayish  brown  pattern  as 
follows :  six  costal  blotches  that  are  approximately  as  large  as  the  interspaces 
between  them,  the  first  at  the  arculus,  the  third  at  the  origin  of  Rs,  the  fifth 
subocellate,  at  the  stigma,  the  sixth  at  the  end  of  vein  ^^2  +  3;  broad  paler  gray 
seams  along  the  cord  and  outer  end  of  cell  ist  Mj.  Venation :  Sc  ending  just 
beyond  midlength  oi  Rs ;  r  at  the  tip  of  R^;  deflection  of  R4  +  B  about  as  long  as 
cell  1st  M,;  inner  end  of  cell  ist  M.^  not  conspicuously  arcuated;  basal  deflec- 
tion of  Cmi  some  distance  before  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  reddish  brown,  the  caudal  margin  of  the  segments 
broadly  dark  brown  ;  sternites  dull  yellow,  the  segments  conspicuously  ringed 
with  blackish  brown  as  an  annulus  on  the  caudal  margin  of  the  segments  and 
on  the  cephalic  margin  of  the  following  segment ;  genital  segment  dull  yellow. 
Ovipositor  with  the  valves  short  but  heavily  chitinized ;  tergal  valves  slender, 
strongly  upcurved  at  the  acute  tips ;  sternal  valves  long,  ending  about  on  a 
level  with  the  tergal  valves,  straight,  the  tips  acute. 

Habitat. — Panama. 


March,  i9-'o.]  ALEXANDER:     XeOTROPICAL    CrANE-FlIES.  5 

Holotype,  J.  Quebrada  Richa,  a  branch  of  the  Rio  Tapaliza,  a 
branch  of  the  Rio  Puero,  altitude  1.300  feet,  July  24,  1918  fAxel 
Olsson). 

This  small  species  is  closest  to  Rhipidia  costalis  W'illiston  of  Cen- 
tral America  and  the  Lesser  Antilles.  In  order  to  supplement  Wil- 
liston's  brief  description,  which  applies  equally  well  to  more  than 
one  species  in  the  Neotropical  fauna,  ^Mr.  W.  D.  Lang,  of  the  British 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  has  very  kindly  sent  me  an  enlarged 
accurate  drawing  of  the  wing  of  the  type  specimen  of  R.  costalis. 
This  figure  agrees  in  all  the  essentials  with  the  fly  determined  by  the 
writer  as  costalis  in  an  earlier  paper  (JouRX.  N.  Y.  Ext.  Soc,  Vol. 
22,  pi.  3,  fig.  2;  1914),  the  dark  markings  along  the  costal  margin 
being  considerably  larger  than  the  pale  interspaces,  the  radial  sector 
very  long,  the  basal  deflection  of  R^..  comparatively  short,  basal  de- 
flection of  C»i  just  beyond  the  fork  of  .1/  and  other  characters.  In 
Mr.  Lang's  figures,  cell  first  M„  is  shorter  and  broader  than  in  the 
specimen  above  mentioned.  R.  costaloidcs  is  readily  told  by  the 
reduced  costal  pattern  and  the  venational  details. 

Genus  Teucholabis  Osten  Sacken. 
Teucholabis  mendax  new  species. 

General  coloration  reddish,  the  pn-escutum  with  three  broad  black  stripes ; 
head  shining  black;  pleura  with  large  black  blotches;  legs  yellow  throughout; 
wings  subhyaline,  the  apex  and  a  broad  seam  along  the  cord  slightly  brownish. 

Male. — Length,  7  mm. ;  wing,  6.4  mm. 

Rostrum  pale  brown,  the  palpi  dark  brown.  Antennre  dark  brown,  the 
basal  segments  only  a  little  paler.     Head  intense  shiny  black. 

Pronotum  shiny  dark  brown,  the  scutellum  more  reddish.  Mesonotal  prae- 
scutum  reddish  yellow  with  three  intense  black  stripes  that  are  very  extensive, 
the  interspaces  restricted;  median  stripe  ending  before  the  suture;  lateral 
stripes  very  broad,  nearly  circular  in  outline,  continued  caudad  onto  the  scutal 
lobes ;  remainder  of  the  mesonotum  reddish,  the  postnotum  with  a  distinct 
median  and  less  distinct  lateral  stripes  on  the  caudal  half.  Pleura  orange- 
yellow  with  large  jet  black  areas,  smallest  on  the  propleura  ;  two  large  blotches 
on  the  mesopleura,  the  largest  on  the  mesepisternum,  extending  from  the  ster- 
num to  the  dorsopleural  membranes ;  a  smaller  oval  area  immediately  cephalad 
of  the  halteres.  Halteres  small,  reddish,  the  stems  a  little  darker.  Legs  dull 
yellow  throughout,  the  femora  somewhat  thickened.  Wings  subhyaline  with 
the  apex  and  a  broad  diffuse  seam  along  the  cord  very  indistinctly  darker  ; 
stigma  dark  brown  ;  veins  dark  brown,  the  basal  and  costal  regions  more  yel- 
lowish.    Venation :  Sc  rather  long,  extending  to  about  midkngth  of  the  sector ; 


6  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^'o'-  xxviii. 

r  inserted  a  short  distance  beyond  the  line  of  the  cord ;  cell  ist  M„  long  and 
narrow,  about  as  long  as  vein  Mj  +  o  beyond  it,  longer  than  M^  beyond  it;  basal 
deflection  of  Cmi  at  about  one  fourth  the  length  of  cell  ist  M,. 

Abdomen  reddish.  Hypopygium  weakly  armed ;  an  outer  flattened  pale 
blade  that  bears  a  few  long  setae ;  a  long-curved  appendage  that  terminates  in 
a  blackened  needle-like  point ;  an  inner,  bifid  heavily  chitinized  appendage  with 
the  anterior  blade  flattened,  the  edge  indistinctly  two-toothed,  truncated  or 
slightly  concave ;  penis-guard  stout,  the  tip  blackened. 

Habitat. — Brazil. 

Holotype,  J*,  Prata,  Para,  June  30,  1919  (H.  S.  Parish). 
Teucholabis  mendax  is  readily  told  from  all  its  relatives  by  the 
unusually  pale  banded  wings  and  the  shining  black  head. 

Teucholabis  persimilis  new  species. 

General  coloration  light  brown,  the  pleura  yellow,  wings  yellow,  crossvein 
r  lacking,  veins  issuing  from  cell  ist  Mn  long. 

Female. — Length,  4.6  mm. ;  wing,  4.5  mm. 

Rostrum  pale  brown,  the  palpi  darker.  Antennae  unusually  long  for  this 
genus  of  flies,  if  bent  backward  extending  to  beyond  the  wing-root ;  brown,  the 
basal  segment  a  little  paler;  flagellar  segments  long-cylindrical  with  long  ver- 
ticils and  a  dense  white  pubescence.  Head  brownish  yellow,  sparsely  white 
pruinose ;  vertex  between  the  eyes  broad. 

Pronotum  yellowish  medially,  the  scutellum  more  whitish,  the  pleural 
regions  more  brownish.  Mesonotum  light  brown,  sparsely  pollinose,  the 
median  area  of  the  scutum  and 'postnotum  more  yellowish.  Pleura  yellow,  the 
dorsal  pleurites  somewhat  darker.  Halteres  brown,  the  knobs  dark.  Legs  dull 
yellow,  the  terminal  three  or  four  tarsal  segments  dark  brown ;  claws  small, 
untoothed,  empodia  conspicuous.  Wings  with  a  strong  yellowish  tinge ;  stigma 
indistinct,  grayish ;  veins  brownish  yellow.  Venation :  Sc  rather  long,  Scj^  very 
long,  extending  to  beyond  midlength  of  the  long  sector,  Sc2  far  from  the  tip 
of  Sci  and  slightly  proximad  of  the  origin  of  Rs;  r  lacking;  veins  i?2+3  and 
i?4+5  long,  curved  caudad  and  running  parallel  at  their  ends ;  cell  ist  Af,  nar- 
row, shorter  than  the  veins  issuing  from  it;  basal  deflection  of  Cu^  a  short  dis- 
tance beyond  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  the  sternites  more  yellowish.  Ovipositor 
with  the  valves  long  and  slender,  strongly  upcur-ved,  the  tips  acute. 

Habitat. — Brazil. 

Holotype,  5,  Igarape-Assii,  Para,  July  15,  1919  (H.  S.  Parish). 

This  curious  little  fly  is  referred  to  the  genus  Teucholabis  with 
considerable  doubt.  The  radial  cross-vein  is  completely  lacking  and 
vein  Sc^  is  very  long  for  a  member  of  this  genus  of  flies.  T.  per- 
similis bears  a  great  resemblance  to  T.  parishi  Alexander  (Psyche, 


March,  1920.]  ALEXANDER:    NEOTROPICAL    CrAXE-FlIES.  7 

Vol.  20,  pp.  46,  47;  1913J  which  must  likewise  be  considered  a  doubt- 
ful member  of  the  genus.  The  present  species  may  be  told  by  the 
long  antennae  and  the  details  of  venation,  especially  the  shorter  sub- 
costa,  the  lack  of  a  spur  of  vein  7?,.,  and  the  shorter  cell  first  M^  with 
the  longer  veins  issuing  from  it.  That  the  spur  on  Z?,.,  in  T.  parishi 
is  a  normal  condition  for  this  species  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  it 
bears  a  macrotrichia  on  this  spur  in  both  wings  of  the  unique  type, 
this  undoubtedly  representing  the  origin  of  vein  R^. 

Genus  Gonomyia  Meigen. 
Gonomyia  (Gonomyella)  paraensis  new  species. 

Antennse  with  the  basal  segments  light  yellow,  the  flagellum  brown  ;  head 
yellow,  silvery  pollinose ;  mesonotum  lead-colored,  the  lateral  margins  narrowly 
light  yellow  ;  wings  strongly  tinged  with  brownish  yellow,  cell  R^  very  short, 
cell  A/j  very  deep. 

Male. — Length,  about  4  mm. ;  wing,  4.5  mm. 

Female. — Length,  4.5  mm. ;  wing,  4.7  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brown.  Antennae  with  the  first  scapal  segment 
light  yellow,  stout,  moderately  elongated  ;  second  segment  tumid,  dull  yellow  ; 
flagellum  slender,  brown,  the  segments  with  a  dense  white  pubescence,  in  the 
male  with  long,  secund  verticils.  Head  light  yellow,  darker  on  the  occiput, 
covered  with  a  sparse  silvery  white  pollen  that  is  m.ost  distinct  on  the  anterior 
part  of  the  vertex. 

Pronotum  yellow  medially,  the  sides  d^rk.  Mesonotal  praescutum  dark 
lead  color,  sparsely  pollinose,  the  lateral  margin  narrowly  but  conspicuously 
light  yellow,  two  indistinct  brownish  stripes  occupy  the  region  of  the  inter- 
spaces; remainder  of  the  mesonotum  dark  plumbeous.  Pleura  dull  yellow, 
with  a  broad,  ill-defined,  dusky,  dorsal  stripe.  Halteres  dark  brown.  Legs  dull 
yellow,  darkening  on  the  tibiae  and  tarsi,  the  latter  dark  brown.  Wings  strongly 
brownish  yellow,  the  costal  region  more  saturated ;  stigma  indistinct ;  veins 
brown,  the  costal  veins  more  yellowish.  Venation :  Sci  ending  slightly  before 
the  fork  of  Rs ;  fusion  of  /?j  +  ,  very  long,  the  cell  R,  being  shorter  than  in  any 
other  described  American  species  of  Gonomyella;  r  at  about  two  fifths  the 
length  of  ^j  +  j;  cell  A/j  very  deep;  basal  deflection  of  Cm,  just  beyond  the 
fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dull  yellowish  brown,  the  sternites  more  yellowish; 
hypopygium  dull  brownish  yellow.  In  the  female  the  antennae  are  shorter, 
the  abdomen  dark  brown.  Ovipositor  horn-colored,  the  tergal  valves  very  long, 
slender,  upcur\-ed  at  the  tip. 

Habitat. — Brazil. 

Holotype,  J*,  Prata,  Para,  June  30,  1919  (H.  S.  Parish). 

Allotype,  $. 


8  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     tVoi.  xxviii. 

The  holotype  male  has  the  wings  very  much  darker  brown  than 
in  the  female,  the  costal  margin  being  especially  suffused;  in  addi- 
tion, the  venational  details  are  somewhat  different,  r  being  placed 
before  one  third  the  length  of  R^^;  R^  considerably  longer,  slightly 
more  than  one  half  the  length  of  R^;  basal  deflection  of  Cii^  some 
distance  beyond  the  fork  of  M.  With  the  exception  of  these  rather 
conspicuous  alar  differences,  the  two  flies  are  very  similar  to  one 
another  and  until  further  material  becomes  available  they  must  be 
considered  as  representing  a  single  variable  species. 

Genus  Erioptera  Meigen. 

Erioptera  {Erioptera)  micromyia  new  species. 

Size  very  small  (wing  of  5  under  3  mm.)  ;  general  coloration  pale  brown, 
the  thoracic  dorsum  unstriped  ;  wings  grayish ;  ovipositor  very  long  and  slender. 

Female. — Length,  3.3  mm. ;  wing,  2.8-2.9  mm. 

Rostrum  yellowish  brown  ;  palpi  dark  brown.  Antennae  moderately  long 
and  slender,  brown.     Head  light  brown,  sparsely  gray  pruinose. 

Mesonotum  light  brown,  the  prsescutum  without  stripes ;  tuberculate  pits 
black,  separated  by  a  distance  about  equal  to  one  and  one  half  times  the  diam- 
eter of  one.  Pleura  light  brown,  heavily  light  gray  pruinose.  Halteres  with 
the  knobs  large,  dark  brown,  the  base  of  the  stems  pale.  Legs  with  the  coxae 
small,  pale  testaceous,  sparsely  gray  pruinose ;  trochanters  testaceous ;  re- 
mainder of  the  legs  brown.  Wings  grayish  subhyaline ;  veins  dark  brown. 
Venation :  As  in  the  subgenus  Erioptera ;  26.  anal  vein  moderately  sinuate  on 
its  outer  third. 

Abdomen  with  the  tergites  dark  brown ;  sternites  more  yellowish.  Ovi- 
positor with  the  valves  very  long  and  slender,  acicular,  gently  upcurved ; 
sternal  valves  similar  in  appearance  to  the  tergal  valves  but  more  elongate, 
ending  but  a  short  distance  before  the  tips  of  the  tergal  valves. 

Habitat. — Brazil. 

Holotype,  5,  Prata,  Para,  June  30,  1919  (H.  S.  Parish).' 

Paratopotypes,  2  J's. 

Genus  Ozodicera  Macquart. 
Ozodicera  attenuata  new  species. 

Antennal  segments  four  to  nine  with  a  single  short  pectination;  segments 
ten  to  thirteen  very  long  and  attenuated  ;  dorsum  of  the  prascutum  with  four 
brown  stripes ;  lateral  margins  of  the  abdominal  tergites  brown. 

Male. — Length,  about  20  mm.;  wing,   16.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  the  head  reddish,  shiny,  narrowly  darker  dorso- 
mcdially ;   nasus  short ;   palpi   black.     Antennae   rather  long   for  this  genus   of 


March,  1920.]  ALEXANDER:    XeOTROPICAL    CrANE-FlIES.  9 

flies,  the  three  basal  segments  orange,  thence  passing  into  black ;  segments  four 
to  nine  each  bears  a  single  short  pectination  which  is  shorter  than  the  seg- 
ment that  bears  it ;  the  last  four  flagellar  segments  are  greatly  elongated, 
filiform,  their  combined  length  considerably  exceeding  the  remainder  of  the 
antenna.     Head  yellowish  tawny,  the  vertex  very  narrow  between  the  large  eyes. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  yellowish  tawny  with  four  dark  reddish  brown 
stripes;  remainder  of  the  mesonotum  brown,  sparsely  pruinose,  especially  the 
postnotum.  Pleura  light  reddish  brown,  sparsely  white  pruinose.  Haltcres 
brown,  the  knobs  a  little  darker.  Legs  with  the  coxae  reddish  brown,  gray 
pruinose;  trochanters  and  femora  dull  brownish  yellow;  tibiae  yellowish  brown; 
tarsi  dark  brown,  very  long  and  slender.  Wings  light  gray,  the  base  of  the 
wing  and  the  costal  region  more  brownish  yellow;  stigma  elongate,  grayish; 
veins  yellowish  brown,  C,  Sc  and  Cu  more  yellowish.  Venation :  tip  of  7?, 
pale ;  r-m  very  short  to  almost  obliterated  by  the  approximation  of  veins 
i?4  +  5  and  Mi  +  o;  cell  Mj  broadly  sessile;  »i-ci«  obliterated  by  the  punctiform 
contact  of  Cu^  on  Mj  +  4. 

Abdominal  tergites  yellow,  the  lateral  margins  of  the  segments  broadly 
brown,  this  mark  widening  on  the  fourth  and  succeeding  segments  to  include 
most  of  the  segments;  sternites  reddish  yellow,  segments  seven  and  eight 
darker.  Hypopygium  reddish,  the  pleurites  long,  slender,  bearing  the  com- 
pressed pleural  appendages  at  their  tips. 

Habitat. — Brazil. 

Holotype,  (^,  Prata,  Para,  July  5,  1919  (H.  S.  Parish). 

Ozodicera  attcnnata  is  closest  to  O.  gracilis  (Westwood)  and 
O.  griscipcnnis  Loew.  It  is  characterized  by  the  very  short  antcnnal 
pectinations,  the  attenuated  apical  flagellar  segments,  the  quadrivit- 
tate  thorax-  and  the  dark  lateral  margins  to  the  abdominal  tergites. 
O.  gracilis  has  the  apical  flagellar  segments  less  elongated  and  the 
thorax  subvittate;  O.  griseipennis  has  the  median  priescutal  stripe 
entire  and  the  abdomen  with  a  dark  brown  dorso-median  stripe. 

Pectinotipula  new  genus. 

Antennae  13-segmented,  in  the  male  with  the  terminal  ten  seg- 
ments each  with  two  long  pectinations  that  exceed  in  length  the  seg- 
ments that  bear  them;  flagellar  segments  verticillatc.  Venation 
with  cell  first  M„  small  as  in  Tipula;  cell  .U,  long-petiolatc.  Male 
hypopygium  as  in  Tipula,  the  ninth  tergite.  pleurite  and  stcrnitc  being 
entirely  distinct;  eighth  sternite  with  a  long,  conspicuous  median 
appendage.  Coloration  as  in  species  of  the  monilifcra  group  of  the 
genus  Tipula,  the  body  with  a  capillary  brown  dorso-median  line,  the 
praescutum  with  the  interspaces  set  with  tiny  brown  sctigerous 
inmctures. 


10  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'oi-  xxviii. 

Genotype. — Ozodiccra  argcntina  van  der  Wulp  (Argentina). 

Enderlein  (Zool.  Jahrb.,  Vol.  32,  pt.  i,  p.  27;  1912)  places  argen- 
tina  in  his  restricted  genus  Osodicera  under  the  mistaken  belief 
that  the  antennae  are  unipectinate.  In  reality,  the  antennae  in  the 
male  sex,  at  least,  are  long-bipectinate  and  of  a  structure  that  di- 
verges widely  from  all  species  of  the  genus  Ozodicera.  Likewise  in 
its  wing-venation  which  is  almost  identical  with  the  normal  type  of 
the  genus  Tipula  and  the  simple  male  hypopygium  this  species  de- 
parts from  the  compact  type  of  Ozodicera.  The  presence  of  ten 
pectinate  flagellar  segments  and  the  petiolate  cell  M^  are  ample  char- 
acters upon  which  to  remove  this  fly  from  Ozodicera  to  a  position 
nearer  the  genus  Tiptda,  to  which  it  is  obviously  more  nearly  allied. 
The  genitalia  and  color  of  the  body  closely  resemble  those  of  species 
of  the  monilifera  group  of  the  genus  Tiptda  and  it  seems  probable 
that  the  true  affinities  of  this  fly  are  not  far  distant  from  this  group. 

I  am  indebted  to  Senor  Jorgensen  for  a  specimen  of  this  interest- 
ing fly,  taken  at  Esquina  Grande,  Catamarca,  Argentina.  April  7, 
1915- 

Genus  Tipula  Linnaeus. 
Tipula  bruchi  new  species. 

Antennae  bicolorous  ;  mesonotal  praescutum  with  dark  brown  stripes ;  legs 
very  long  and  slender,  the  tips  of  the  femora  and  tibiae  black ;  wings  with  the 
costal  margin  yellowish,  the  membrane  clouded  with  gray  and  with  four  dark 
brown  blotches  in  the  subcostal  cell. 

Male. — Length  about  17-18  mm.;  wing,  18-19. 2  mm. 

Hind  leg,  femur,  14.2  mm.;  tibia,   16  mm.;  metatarsus,  21.6  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  the  head  slender,  buffy,  the  sides  darker;  nasus 
slender  with  long  yellow  hairs.  Antennae  short,  the  three  basal  segments  dull 
yellow,  the  remaining  segments  yellow  with  the  basal  enlargement  black;  ter- 
minal segments  more  uniformly  darkened  ;  verticils  longer  than  the  segments 
that  bear  them.  Head  yellowish  buff  with  a  long  dark  brown  medidn  mark  on 
the  vertex ;  vertical  tubercle  rather  conspicuous,  brown  medially,  with  an  im- 
pressed median   furrow. 

Pronotum  pale  yellowish  brown  with  three  dark  brown  marks.  Mesonotal 
praescutum  light  buff  with  three  dark  brown  stripes,  the  median  stripe  divided 
by  a  broad  pale  line  which,  in  turn,  is  split  by  a  capillary  dark  brown  median 
line ;  humeral  region  dark ;  scutum  buffy  gray,  each  lobe  with  two  large  dark 
brown  marks;  scutellum  light  brown  with  a  dark  brown  median  line;  post- 
notum  grayish,  the  posterior  margin  and  median  area  more  grayish,  the  latter 
with  a  capillary  dark  brown  line.     Pleura  light  buff,  indistinctly  spotted  with 


March.  1920.]  ALEXANDER:     XeOTROPICAL    CraNE-FlIES.  11 

darker.  Mesostcrnum  indistinctly  dark  gray.  Halteres  rather  long,  the  knobs 
dark  brown  with  the  apices  dull  yellow.  Legs  with  the  coxa;  and  trochanters 
brownish  yellow;  femora  yellowish  brown,  the  tips  broadly  black;  tibiae  dark 
brown,  the  tips  narrowly  blackened ;  tarsi  very  long,  dark  brown,  the  metatarsi 
longer  than  the  tibiae.  Wings  subhyaline,  with  four  dark  brown  subcostal 
blotches  and  a  heavy  grayish  brown  clouding  in  all  the  cells ;  cells  C  and  Sc 
strongly  yellowish  ;  the  first  dark  brown  subcostal  mark  is  at  h  and  also  in- 
cludes the  bases  of  cells  R  and  M  and  extends  into  the  costal  cell ;  the  re- 
maining three  marks  do  not  reach  the  costal  cell  but  send  paler  clouds  caudad 
into  cell  R ;  the  third  mark,  at  the  origin  of  Rs.  is  the  largest,  stigma  rather 
pale  brown  ;  the  grayish  brown  clouds  include  the  apical  half  of  cells  R,  and 
/?s ;  most  of  cells  ^5  to  Cm,,  conspicuous  zigzag  areas  in  cells  Af .  Cm  and  ist  A  ; 
cell  2d  A  more  uniformly  darkened.  Venation :  Veins  R-^  and  R^  strongly  di- 
vergent, the  base  of  cell  Z?.  being  very  narrow ;  cell  ist  M^  much  longer  than 
broad  ;  m-c\i  distinct. 

Abdomen  with  the  first  tergite  buffy  with  a  dark  brown  median  mark ;  sec- 
ond tergite  dark  with  only  the  basal  half  pale  laterally ;  remaining  tergites 
darker  brown,  indistinctly  ringed' caudally  with  paler;  the  lateral  margins  are 
marked  with  a  brown  streak ;  sternites  similar  to  the  tergites.;  ninth  segment 
pale.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  extensive,  pale,  with  a  deep 
and  narrow  V-shaped  median  notch,  the  broad  lateral  lobes  irregularly  notched 
and  toothed,  the  most  lateral  tooth  largest.  Ninth  pleurite  complete,  the 
pleural  appendages  being  long  and  slender;  outer  appendage  cylindrical,  clothed 
with  long,  coarse  yellow  hairs ;  inner  appendage  with  the  posterior  margin 
beautifully  fringed  with  long  flattened  hairs.  Ninth  sternite  with  the  caudal 
inner  angle  with  a  pale,  roughly  oval  lobe  which  is  covered  with  a  pale  ap- 
pressed  pubescence  and  whose  ventral  angle  bears  a  pencil  of  long  reddish 
hairs  that  are  decussate  with  those  of  the  opposite  side  across  the  genital 
chamber.  Eighth  sternite  bearing  a  broad,  flattened,  heart-shaped  median  lobe 
that  is  provided  with  long,  coarse,  yellow  hairs. 

Habitat. — Argentina. 

Holotype,  J*,  Province  of  Buenos  Aires  ( C.  Bruch). 

Paratopotypes,  2  ^^. 

Tipiila  brncJii  is  named  in  honor  of  Senor  Charles  Bruch.  to 
uhom  I  am  indebted  for  many  favors.  The  species  agrees  fairly 
well  with  the  description  of  T.  nubifcra  van  dcr  Wulp,  but  the  pat- 
tern of  the  thorax  and  wings  is  very  different  in  the  two  species. 

Tipula  wittei  new  species. 

Antcnnal  flagcllum  indistinctly  bicolorous ;  mesonotum  dark  gray  with  five 
brown  stripes,  the  three  intermediate  stripes  capillary,  the  lateral  stripes 
broader;  wings  grayish,  the  stigma  pale  yellowish  brown;  abdominal  tergites 
brownish  yellow  with  three  dark  brown  stripes. 

Female. — Length,  about  26  mm.;  wing,  19.2  mm. 


12  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  the  head  pale  brownish  yellow,  more  pruinose 
above;  palpi  dark  brown.  Antennae  with  the  first  segment  gray  pruinose;  sec- 
ond segment  yellow;  flagellar  segments  with  the  basal  enlargement  dark  brown, 
the  remainder  of  each  segment  a  trifle  paler  to  produce  a  very  indistinct  bi- 
colorous  effect ;  flagellar  verticils  long.  Head  brownish  gray  with  a  very  in- 
distinct brown  line  on  the  vertical  tubercle. 

Pronotum  brownish  with  an  indistinct  capillary  dark  brown  median  line. 
Mesonotal  praescutum  dark  gray  with  five  brown  stripes,  the  three  intermediate 
very  narrow,  being  formed  by  the  lateral  margins  and  capillary  median  vitta 
of  the  usual  broad  median  stripe;  lateral  stripes  broad;  humeral  region  yellow; 
prsescutal  interspaces  with  a  few  dark  setigerous  punctures ;  scutum  dark 
gray  ;  scutellum  dark  testaceous  brown  ;  postnotum  light  gray  with  a  capillary 
black  median  line.  Pleura  light  yellow,  gray  pruinose ;  dorsopleural  mem- 
branes dull  yellow.  Halteres  long,  dark  brown,  the  base  of  the  stem  paler. 
Legs  with  the  coxae  pale  reddish,  sparsely  gray  pruinose ;  trochanters  dull  yel- 
low; femora  reddish  brown,  the  tips  indistinctly  darker;  tibiae  yellowish  brown, 
the  tips  narrowly  dark  brown ;  metatarsi  yellowish  brown,  the  tips  darkened ; 
remainder  of  the  tarsi  dark  brown ;  metatarsi  shorter  than  the  tibiae ;  claws 
small,  simple.  Wings  grayish,  the  apical  cells  grayish  brown,  the  costal  and 
subcostal  cells  more  yellowish;  stigma  pale  yellowish  brown;  an  obliterative 
streak  before  and  beyond  the  stigma,  the  latter  in  the  bases  of  cells  R.,  and  R3. 
Venation:  Cell  R^  rather  broad  at  the  base;  basal  deflection  of  ^4  +  5  short; 
cell  1st  M2  small,  almost  regularly  pentagonal ;  petiole  of  cell  M^  short,  about 
as  long  as  cell  ist  M„ ;  ni-cu  punctiform. 

Abdominal  tergites  brownish  yellow  with  three  broad  dark  brown  stripes, 
the  lateral  margins  of  the  segments  rather  broadly  pale,  the  caudal  margins 
indistinctly  ringed  with  yellowish,  most  evident  on  segments  six  and  seven ; 
sternites  pale  yellow,  the  terminal  segments  indistinctly  pruinose.  Ovipositor 
with  the  long  dorsal  shield  and  the  valves  light  chestnut  brown,  the  straight, 
slender  tergal  valves  greatly  exceeding  the  sternal  valves,  along  the  ventral 
margin  with  scattered  erect  setae. 

Habitat. — Argentina  (Patagonia) . 

Holotype,  $,  Valle  Tunel,  Santa  Cruz   (Dr.  Witte). 

Tipula  philippiana  new  species. 

Antennns  indistinctly  bicolorous ;  mesonotal  praescutum  dark  brown  with 
three  broad  bluish  gray  stripes  that  are  narrowly  and  incompletely  margined 
with  pale  gray  and  dark  brown  ;  pleura  with  a  broad  brown  dorsal  stripe ; 
wings  white,  sparsely  streaked  with  brown,  the  costal  and  subcostal  cells  more 
yellowish  ;   abdomen  dull  yellow,  trivittate  with  dark  brown. 

Female. — Length,  about  23  mm. ;  wing,  19.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  the  head  reddish  testaceous;  palpi  dark  brown. 
Antennae  with  the  basal  flagellar  segments  indistinctly  bicolorous,  the  basal 
swelling  brown,  the  terminal  flagellar  segments  more  unicolorous  bro\yn  ;  ver- 


March,  19^0.]         ALEXANDER:    NEOTROPICAL    CrAN  E-I'lieS.  13 

ticils  conspicuous.     Head  light  gray,  more  brownish  adjoining  the  inner  margin 
of  the  eyes. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  dark  brown,  the  praescutum  stripes  clear  bluish  gray, 
margined  with  dull  whitish  gray ;  the  median  stripe  is  split  by  a  capillary  dark 
brown  line  that  broadens  out  behind,  just  before  the  suture  enlarging  into  a 
blotch  ;  immediately  laterad  of  this  and  occupying  the  praescutal  interspaces  a 
similar  short  brownish  line  extending  from  the  suture  cephalad ;  interspaces 
sparsely  dotted  with  brown  setigerous  punctures ;  lateral  margins  of  the  median 
stripe  at  about  midlength  of  the  sclerite  narrowly  and  indistinctly  margined 
with  brown ;  lateral  margins  and  the  humeral  region  of  the  dark  brown  ground 
color ;  scutum  dull  gray,  the  lobes  with  a  linear  dark  brown  stripe ;  median 
lobe  of  the  scutellum  and  the  postnotum  gray  pruinose,  the  latter  with  an 
indistinct  brown  median  line.  Pleura  brown,  grayish  pruinose;  a  dark  brown 
longitudinal  stripe  on  the  dorsal  pleurites ;  a  dark  brown  velvety  spot  imme- 
diately dorsad  of  the  base  of  the  halteres  on  the  sides  of  the  postnotum  and  a 
small  white  area  immediately  before  the  halteres ;  dorso-pleural  membranes 
dull  yellowish.  Halteres  dark  brown,  the  base  of  the  stem  and  the  base  of  the 
knob  paler.  Legs  with  the  coxae  pale,  grayish  pruinose ;  trochanters  and  femora 
dull  brownish  yellow,  the  latter  with  an  indistinct  brownish  ring  immediately 
before  their  apices;  tibiae  yellowish  brown,  the  tips  darker;  tarsi  brown;  meta- 
tarsi considerably  shorter  than  the  tibiae.  Wings  white,  sparsely  streaked  and 
lined  with  brown  ;  cells  C  and  Sc  strongly  yellowish ;  stigma  brown  ;  small  dark 
brown  marks  at  h,  at  the  origin  of  Rs,  midway  between  the  two  latter,  and  at 
the  tip  of  Sc  ;  larger  but  slightly  paler  clouds  at  the  fork  of  Rs,  connecting 
with  the  stigmal  spot,  a  large  blotch  in  the  end  of  cell  R^  and  the  middle  of  cell 
i?j;  a  large  blotch  at  the  base  of  cells  R  and  M  and  along  vein  Cu  in  cells  M 
and  Cu  for  almost  the  whole  length  of  this  vein  ;  grayish  clouds  in  the  ends  of 
the  anal  cells ;  the  ends  of  veins  A/,,  A/,,  A/3,  Cui  and  1st  A  are  seamed  with 
brown.  Venation :  Base  of  cell  /?.  broad ;  cell  ist  M.  subpentagonal ;  tn-cu 
obliterated  by  the  fusion  of  Cu,  on  -Uj,,;  cells  R.  and  .U,  are  somewhat  broader 
than  in  T.  wittei. 

Abdomen  with  the  first  tergite  gray  pruinose ;  remaining  tergites  dull  yel- 
low with  three  dififuse  dark  brown  stripes  that  almost  obliterate  the  ground 
color  except  at  the  base  of  the  sclerites ;  sternites  dull  yellow,  sparsely 
pruinose.  Ovipositor  almost  as  in  T.  wittei  but  the  dorsal  basal  shield  less 
elongate. 

Habitat. — Argentina  (  Patagonia ) . 

Holot\-pe,  $,  Valle  Tunel.  Santa  Cruz  (Dr.  WitteV 


14  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 


COLEOPTERA  COLLECTED   AT  SCHOHARIE,  N.   Y., 

JUNE  9-14,  1918,  WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF 

NEW  SPECIES. 

By  Howard  Notman, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CICINDELID^. 
Cicindela  scxguttata  Fabr.  (i) 

CARABID^. 

Omophron  amcricanum  Dej.  (16) 
Omophron  tcsscllatum  Say.  (3) 
Elaphriis  ruscarius  Say.   (4) 
Nebria  pallipcs  Say.  (2) 
Dyschiriiis  sphccricollis  Say.  (5) 
Dyschirius  aureolus  n.  sp. 
Schizo genius  lineolatus  Say.  (6) 
Bembidium  incequale  Say.  (6) 
Bembidium  chalceum  Dej.  (3) 
Bembidium  nigrum  Say.  (12) 
Bembidium  planiusculum  Mann.  (7) 

These  specimens  are  indistinguishable  from  specimens  collected 
in  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains  of  Montana  and  agree  .with  the  de- 
scription of  the  species. 

Bevibidium  planum  Hald.   (7) 
Bembidium  picipcs  Kby.  (16) 
Bembidium  postremum  Say.  (2) 
Bembidium  oberthiiri  Hayw.  (19) 
Bembidium  patruele  Dej.  (18) 
Bembidium  posticum  Hald.  (5) 
Bembidium  versicolor  Lee.  (4) 
Bembidium  quadrimaculatum  Linn.  (2) 
Tachys  scifuhis  Lee.  (5) 
Tachys  corruscus  Lee.  (i) 


March,  1920.]       NOTMAN  :    COLKOPTKRA    COLLECTED    AT    SCIIOHARIE.  15 

Tacliys  Iccz'us  Say.  (2) 
Tacliys  flavicauda  Say.  (i) 
TacJiys  tripunctatus  Say.  (2) 
Tacliys  vivax  Lee.  (3) 
Tachys  incurvus  Say.  (18) 
Patrobus  longicornis  Say.  (i) 
Pterostichus  luciihlandus  Say.   (9) 
Ptcrostichus  Uictiiosiis  Dej.  (i) 
Pterostichus  corvinus  Dej.  (i) 
Pterostichus  mutus  Say.  (2) 
Amara  angustata  Say.  (2) 
Amara  impuncticollis  Say.  (i) 
Amara  ohcsa  Say.  (4) 
Dicalus  dilatatus  Say.  (i) 
Diccelus  elongatus  Bon.  (i) 
Dicalns  teter  Bon.  (2) 
Badisfer  nofatus  Hald.  (i) 
Calathus  grcgarius  Say.  (3) 
Platynus  cincticollis  Say.  (4) 
Platynus  extcnsicollis  Say.  (5) 
Platynus  aiiclioiicnoides  Rand.   (2) 
Platynus  cupripcnnis  Say.   (i) 
Lehia  viridis  Say.  (i) 
Brachynus  janthinipcnnis  Dej.  (i) 
Brachynns  minutus  Harr.  (i) 
Brachynus  cyanipcnnis  Say.  (2) 
Brachynus  gracilis  Blatch.  (i) 
Brachynus  ballisfarius  Lee.  (i) 
Brachynus  fumans  Fabr.  (i) 
Brachynus  cordicoUis  Dej.  (5) 
Chlcrnius  scriccus  Forst.   (6) 
Chlccnius  tricolor  Dej.  (2) 
Brachylohus  lithophilus  Say.  (i) 
Agouodcrus  comma  Fal)r.  (7) 
Harpalus  pcnusylvanicus  DeG.  (5) 
Harpalus  hcrbivagus  Say.  (i) 
Bradyccllus  rupcstris  Say.  ( i ) 
Anisodactylus  rusticus  Say.   (l) 


16  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     fVoi.  xxviii. 

Anisodactylus  discoicicits  Dej.  (2) 
Anisodactyhis  iutcrstitialis  Say.  (i) 

DYTISCID^. 

Laccophilus  maculosus  Germ,  (i) 
Ccclamhus  dissimilis  G.  &  H.  (i) 
Agabiis  scmivittatus  Lee.  (i) 

gyrinid;e. 

Dineiites  discolor  Auhe.  (12) 

HYDROPHILID^. 

Helophorns  Uncatns  Say.  (31) 
Helophorns  inquinatus  Mann.   (3) 
Laccobius  agilis  Rand.  (2) 
Cymbiodyta  lacnstris  Lee.  (i) 
Cercyon  occllainm  Say.  (i) 
Cercyon  unipiinctmn  Linn,  (i) 

SILPHID^. 
Hydnobins  laticeps  n.  sp. 

SCYDM^NID^. 
Eucojinns  fatmis  hec.  (i) 

PSELAPHID^. 
Tyrus  humcralis  Aube.  (i) 

STAPHYLINID^. 

Tachynsa  cavicollis  Lee.  (9) 
Atheta  pahistris  Kies.  (11) 
Atheta  dcntata  Bern,  (i) 
Myllccna  vulpina  Bern.  ( i ) 
Staphylinus  badipes  Lee.  (i) 
PhUonthns  fusiformis  Mels.  (i) 
Philonthiis  viridanus  Horn.  (2) 


March,  I920.]       NoTMAX  :    CoLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SCHOHARIE.  17 

Actobius  sobrinus  Er.   (i) 
Actobius  fulvicornis  n.  sp. 
Actobius  pccderoidcs  Lee.  (6) 
Actobius  terminalis  Lee.  (i) 
Baptolinus  amcricanus  Csy.   (i) 
Stcnus  bipunctatus  Er.  (4) 
Stcnus  renustus  Csy.  (i)- 
Stcniis  morio  Grav.   (2) 
Stenus  flavicornis  Er.  (4) 
Cryptobiiim  bicolor  Grav.  (4) 
Scopcciis  quadriceps  n.  sp. 
Mcdon  corticinus  Grav.  (i) 
Medon  ochraccus  Grav.  (i) 
Pccdcrus  littorarius  Grav.  (4) 
Conosoma  crassum  Grav.  (i) 
Blcdius  stabilis  Csy.  (i) 
Blcdius  cmarginatus  Say.  (4) 
Bledius  honestus  Csy.  (i) 
Trogopldccus  morio  Er.  (2) 
Gcodromicus  nigritus  Miill.   (4) 

TRICH0PTERYGID.3E. 

Pteryx  duvalii  Matth.  (i) 
Trichoptcryx  sericans  Heer.  (2) 
Trichopteryx  discolor  Hald.  (i) 
Trichoptcryx  haldcmani  Lee.  (2) 

scaphidiid;e. 

Scaphidium  pic  cum  Mels. 

PHALACRID.^. 

Stilbus  obtusus  Lee.  (i) 
Stilbus  atomarius  Linn.  (5) 

COCCINELLID.^. 

Coccinella  Q-notat a  Yirhst.  (i)  , 

Coccinella  trifasciata  Linn,   (i) 


18  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 

Psyllobora  20-maculata  Say.  (5) 
Brachyacantha  ursina  Fabr.  (i) 
Brachyacantha  lo-ptistulata  Mels.   (i) 
Scymnus  fraternus  Lee.  ( i ) 
Scymnus  puncticollis  Lee.  (i) 
Scymnus  tenehrosus  Muls.  (i) 

COLYDIID^. 
Cerylon  castaneum  Say.   (i) 

CUCUJID^. 
Lamophlccus  adustus  Lee.  (i) 

CRYPTOPHAGID^. 
Tomarus  pulchellus  Lee.  (5) 
Agathengis  lincola  n.  sp. 
Atomaria  ovalis  Csy.  (i) 
Atomaria  pusilla  Sehon.   (i) 
Atomaria  ohlongiila  Csy.  (4) 

Atomaria  ochracea  Zimm.  var.  pennsylvanica  Csy.   (2) 
Atomaria  ephippiata  Zimm.  (3) 

DERMESTID^. 
Anthrenus  scrophidarice  Linn.  ( i ) 
Anthrenns  museorum  Linn,  (i) 
Anthrenus  castanew  Mels.  (i) 

HISTERID^. 
Histcr  merdarius  Hoffm.  (i) 

NITIDULID^. 

Brachypterus  urticce  Fabr.  (26) 
Heterostomtis  mordelloides  n.  sp. 
Omosita  colon  Linn.   (3) 

LATHRIDIID^. 
Lathridius  liratus  Lee.  (2) 
Cartodere  argiis  Rttr.  (i) 


March,  1920.]       NoTMAN  :    CoLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SCHOHARIE.  19 

Corticaria  elongata  Gyll.  (i) 
Melanophthaltna  picta  Lee.  (i) 
Melanophthalma  distingiienda  Com.  (5) 
MelanopJithalma  pumila  Lee.  (3) 

BYRRHID^. 
Limnichus  punctatiis  Lee.   (i) 

GEORYSSID^. 
Georyssus  pusillus  Lee.  (3) 

PARNID^. 

Psephenus  lecontei  Lee.  (10) 
Dryops  lithophilns  Germ,  (i) 
Elmis  latiusculiis  Lee.  ( i ) 
Stenelmis  linearis  Zimm.  (9) 
Stenelmis  sinuatus  Lee.  (2) 
Stenelmis  crenatus  Say.  (5) 
Stenelmis  4-maculatus  Horn.  (2) 

HETEROCERID^. 
Heterocerus  tristis  Mann,  (i) 

DASCYLLID.E. 

Ectopria  nervosa  Mels.  (46) 
Cyphon  ohscuriis  Guer.  (5) 
Cyphon  variabilis  Thunb.  (i) 

ELATERID.E. 

Hypnoidtis  ahhreviatus  Say.  (i) 
CEdostcthus  femoralis  Lee.  (2) 
Elater  socer  Lee.  (i) 
Elater  areolatus  Say.   (i) 
Glyphonyx  rccticollis  Say.  (i) 
CEstodes  tenuicollis  Rand.  (3) 
Mclanotus  divarcarinus  Blateh.  (l) 


20  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

Limonius  crger  Lee.  (i) 
Lndius  (Corymbites)   exilis  n.  sp. 
Ludins  hieroglyphicus  Say.  (2) 
Lndius  inflatus  Say.   (2) 
Oxygoniis  ohesiis  Say.  (2) 
Asaphes  decoloratus  Say.  (i) 

THROSCID^. 
Throscus  constrictor  Say.  (i) 

BUPRESTID^. 

Dicerca  lurida  Fabr.   (2) 
Anthaxia  viridicornis  Say.   (i) 
Anthaxia  qnercata  Fabr.  (i) 
Agrilus  otiosiis  Say.  (i) 
Agrilus  masadimis  Horn,  (i) 
Agrilus  arcuatus  Say.  (i) 
Agrilus  politus  Say.  (i) 
Agrilus  obscnro-giittatus  Gory,   (i) 
Agrilus  lacustris  Lee.  (4) 
Agrilus  cgenus  Gory.  (2) 
Brachys  cerosa  Mels.  (14) 

LAMPYRID^. 

Calopferon  rcticulatum  Fabr.   (i) 
Lucidota  punctata  Lee.  (6) 
Photinus  consanguineus  Lee.  (4) 
Photinus  pyralis  Lee.  (i) 
Photinus  marginellus  Lee.  (i) 
Photuris  pennsylvanica  DeG.   (10) 
Podabrus  rugidosiis  Lee.  (i) 
Podabrus  basillaris  Say.   (2) 
Podabrus  brunnicollis  Fabr.  (2) 
Telephorus  dentiger  Lee.  (2) 
Telephorus  fraxini  Say.   (i) 
Telephorus  vilis  Lee.  (2) 
Telephorus  carolinus  Fabr.   (2) 


March,  1920.]       XoTMAX  :    COLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SCHOHARIE.  2] 

Tdephorus  nigritultis  Lee.  (2) 
Telephorus  flavipcs  Lee.  (2) 
Telephoriis  rotitndicollis  Say.  (3) 
Telephorus  tubcrculatus  Lee.  (i) 
Malthodes  spado  Lee.  (2) 
Mai  til  odes  frag  His  Lee.  (i) 

MALACHIID^. 

Pseudebccus  oblittts  Lee.  (4) 
Pseudebcciis  piisillus  Say.  (2) 
Attains  pallifrons  Mots,  (i) 

CLERIDJE. 

Clerus  thoracicus  Oliv.  (2) 
Hydnoccra  verticalis  Say.   (l) 
Hydnocera  longicollis  Ziegl.  (13) 

PTINID^. 
Hadrobregmus  carinatus  Say.  (2j 

CIOID.E. 
C/.y  punctatus  Mellie.  (  i ) 

LUCANID.5:. 
Dorciis  parallclus  Say.  (  i ) 

SCARAB-tlD^. 

Aphodius  ruricola  Mels.  (  l) 
Aphodius  granarius  Linn.   ( r ) 
Hoplia  modesta  Hald.  (i) 
Dichelonycha  diluta  Fall,  (i) 
Xyloryctes  satyrus  Fabr.  ( i ) 
Crcmastochilus  canaliculatus  Kby.  (2) 
Trichius  piger  Fabr.  (2) 
Trichius  affinis  Gory.  ( I  ) 


22  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

CERAMBYCID^. 
Callimoxys  sanguinicollis  Oliv.  ( i ) 
Cyrtophorus  verrucosus  Oliv.  (2) 
Euderces  picipes  Fabr.  (8) 
Ency clops  ccrruleus  Say.  (2) 
Pachyta  monticola  Rand,   (i) 
Gaurotes  cyanipennis  Say.  (13) 
Leptura  lincola  Say.  (8) 
Leptura  exigua  Newm.  (4) 
Leptura  pubera  Say.  (4) 
Lephira  vibex  Newm.  (i) 
Lepttira  mutabilis  Newm.  (5) 
Saperda  lateralis  Fabr.   (i) 
Oberea  basalts  Lee.   (i) 

CHRYSOMELID^. 
Lema  trilincata  Oliv.  (i) 
Anomoea  laticlavia  Forst.  (i) 
Coscinoptera  dominicana  Fabr.   (i) 
Babia  quadriguttata  Oliv.  (i) 
Xanthoma  lo-notata  Say.  (i) 
Xanthoma  villosula  Mels.  (i) 
Rhahdopterus  picipes  Oliv.  (3) 
Nodonota  puncticollis  Say.  (16) 
Labidomera  clivicolUs  Kby.  (2) 
Calligrapha  philadelphica  Linn.  (2) 
Calligrapha  bigsbyana  Kby.  (7) 
Gastroidea  polygoni  Linn,  (i) 
Phyllodecta  vitellince  Linn.  (2) 
Cerotoma  trifurcata  Forst.  (4) 
Luperodes  thoracicus  Mels.   (7) 
Luperodes  meraca  Say.  (i) 
Diabrotica  vittata  Fabr.  (2) 
Galerucella  cavicollis  Lee.   (4) 
Galerucella  decora  Say.  (i) 
Disonycha  xanthomela-na  Da\m.  (i) 
Haltica  ignita  111.  (8) 
Crepidodera  rufipes  Linn.  (12) 


March,  1920.]       NoTMAX  :    COLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SciIOllAKlK.  23 

Crepidodera  hclxines  Linn.  (7) 
Epitrix  cucumcris  Harr.  (6) 
Orthaltica  copalina  Fabr.  (13) 
Systena  hudsonias  Forst.  (8) 
Systcna  tcrniata  Say.  (i) 
Longitarsus  pygnicrus  Horn,  (i) 
Phyllotrcta  amoracicc  Koch,  (i) 
Chcrtocucma  coitfinis  Cr.  (i) 
Dibolia  bor calls  Chev.  (3) 
Chalcpus  dorsalis  Thunb.  (i) 
Chalcpus  rubra  Web.  (i) 

CISTELID^. 

Isomira  quadristriata  Coup,  (i) 
Mycetocharcs  binotata  Say.  (i) 

LAGRIID^. 

Arthromacra  ccnca  Say.  (3) 

MELANDRYID^. 

Canifa  pallipcs  Mels.  (i) 

CEPHALOID^. 
Cephaloon  lepturides  Newm.  (2) 

MORDELLID^. 
Anaspis  nigra  Hald.  (6) 
Anas  pis  rufa  Say.  (16) 
Mordella  marginata  IMels.  (3) 
Mordellistena  biplagiata  Helm,  (i) 
Mordellistcna  aspcrsa  Alels.  (4) 

ANTHICID^. 

Corphyra  lugubris  Say.  (8) 
Macratria  confusa  Lee.   (12) 
Notoxus  anchora  Hentz.  (i) 
Anthicus  obsctirus  Laf.   (4) 


24  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     tVoi.  xxviii. 

MELOID^. 
Macrobasis  unicolor  Kby.   (2) 
Pomphopcca  sayi  Lee.  (3) 

CURCULIONID^. 

Polydrusus  americaniis  Gyll.  (i) 
Sitona  hispidula  Fabr.  (i) 
Apion  griseum  Smith.  (45) 
Apion  atripes  Smith,  (i) 
Apion  turbulentum  Smith,   (i) 
Apion  porcatum  Boh.  (i) 
Phytonomus  meles  Fabr.  (6) 
Phytonomus  nigrirostris  Fabr.  (i) 
Lixus  crassulns  n.  sp. 
Tanysphyrus  lemnce  Fabr.  (i) 
Otidocephalus  chevrolatii  Horn.   (2) 
Orchestes  ephippiatus  Say.  (i) 
Tychius  picirostris  Fabr.  (13) 
Cryptorhynchus  lapathi  Linn.  (2) 
Psomus  politus  Cay.  ( i ) 
Coeliodes  flavicauda  Boh.  (6) 
Ceutorhynchus  punctiger  Sahl.  (3) 
Ceutorhynchus  puheridiis  Lee.  (i) 
Pelenomus  aspertdus  Dietz.   (i) 
Rhinoncus  pyrrhopus  Boh.  (i) 
Limnobaris  rectirostris  Lee.  (i) 
Sphenophorus  sea:  Walsh,  (i)  .     . 

Dryophthoriis  americaniis  Bedel.   (5) 
Stenoscelis  brevis  Boh.   (i) 

Records  in  Othef  Orders. 

HYMENOPTERA. 
MUTILLIDiE. 
Spha-rophthalma  simillima  Smith,  (i) 

.   ICHNEUMONIDyE. 
Exochus  semirufus  Cress,  (i) 
Thalessa  atrata  Fabr.  (i) 


March,  igio.l       XoTMAN  :    COLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SCHOHARIE.  25 

DIPTERA. 

mycetophilid;e. 

Mycctobia  divcrgcns  Walk.   (l) 

STRATIOMYID.^. 

Sargiis  viridis  Say.  (i) 
Macrosargus  clavis  Will,  (i) 
Stratiomyia  discalis  L\v.  (  i  ) 

SYRPHID.E. 
Pyrophana  granditarsiis  Forst.  ( i ) 

LEPIDOPTERA. 
AGAPETID.E. 
Cissia  etirytits  Fabr.  (i) 

HESPERIID.^. 
Ancyloxypha  numitor  Fabr.  (i)   (identified  by  F.  E.  Watson,  A. 
M.  N.  H.) 

Epargyrcus  tityrus  Fabr.   (2) 

HEMIPTERA. 

PEXTATOMID.E. 
Nczara  hilaris  Say.  (l) 

ARADID^. 
Anciiriis  inconstans  Uhl  (i) 

TINGIDID^. 
Corythtica  arcuata  Say.  (i) 

MIRID.E. 
Plagiognathus  politus  Uhl.  (i) 

CICADID.E. 
Okanagana  canadensis  Prov.  (i)   (identified  by  W.  T.  Davis) 


26  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o^-  xxviii. 

MEMBRACID^. 

Cyrtolohus  vau  Say.  ( i ) 
Puhlilia  concava  Say.  (2) 

ORTHOPTERA. 

BLATTID^. 

Ischnoptera  pennsylvanica  DeG. 
Ischnoptera  uhleriana  Sauss.  (i) 

ACRIDID^. 

Paratettix  cucnllatns  Burm.  (7) 

Tettix-  granulatus  Kby.   (i) 

Tettix  granulatus  Kby.,  v.  variegatus  Hanc.  ( i ) 

ODONATA. 
AGRIONID^. 

Argia  putrida  Hagen.  (26) 

This  species  was  very  abundant  in  a  dry,   sunny  hillside  road, 
several  hundred  feet  above  Schoharie  Creek. 
Amphiagrion  saucium  Burm.  (3) 

^SCHNID^. 

Gomphus  quadricolor  Walsh. 
Ophiogoniphus  caroliis  Needh.   (2) 
These  specimens  were  captured  in  a  dry  hillside  road. 
Dromogomphus  spinosiis  Selys.  (i) 

MECOPTERA. 
PANORPID^. 
Panorpa  rufescens  Ramb.  (3) 

Descriptions  of  New  Species. 
Dyschirius  aureolus  new  species. 

Form  elongate,  convex,  subcylindrical.  Color  black  with  gold-bronze 
lustre;  antennae,  mouth  parts  and  legs  dark  rufo-piceous ;  basal  joint  of  the 
antennae  paler.  Head,  omitting  the  mandibles,  as  broad  as  long,  as  wide  as 
the  thorax  at  apex ;  eyes  large,  very  convex,  front  with  a  distinct  transverse 


March.  1920.]       XOTM.W  :    CoLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SCHOHARIE.  27 

impression  between  the  eyes ;  clypeus  emarginate,  feebly  bidentate ;  occiput 
smooth,  impunctate.  Thorax  slightly  longer  than  wide,  widest  a  little  behind 
the  middle ;  sides  in  front  nearly  straight  and  slightly  convergent,  posteriorly 
rather  strongly  convergent  and  slightly  arcuate.  Elytra  at  base  very  slightly 
wider  than  the  thorax,  widest  at  the  middle,  twice  as  long  as  wide,  two  and 
one  half  times  as  long  as  the  thorax ;  sides  evenly  and  feebly  arcuate  from  base 
to  the  semicircularly  rounded  apex;  base  not  margined;  stria  strong,  entire, 
rather  finely  and  distantly  punctured  on  basal  half,  indistinct  and  evanescent 
posteriorly;  the  third  stria  bipunctate,  anterior  puncture  a  little  before  the 
middle,  posterior  at  apical  one  third.  Length,  4-4.25  mm.;  width,  1-1.25 
mm.      2  (^. 

In  LeConte's  table  of  the  genus,  this  species  would  be  placed  with 
spliccricoUis,  from  which  it  is  distinguished  by  its  smaller  size,  slightly 
elongate  thorax  with  the  sides  in  front  nearly  parallel.  D.  edcntnlus 
Putz.  also  placed  with  sphocricoUis,  is  a  large  species,  "mm.  in  length, 
with  impunctate  third  elytral  interval  and  the  striae  obliterated 
posteriorly. 

Hydnobius  laticeps  new  species. 

Form  oblong  oval,  strongly  convex.  Color  uniform  rufo-testaceous.  Head 
broad,  finely  and  sparsely  punctate,  labrum  bilobed.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as 
long,  scarcely  narrower  at  apex  than  at  base,  widest  at  middle,  sides  evenly 
but  not  strongly  arcuate ;  distinctly  and  rather  sparsely  punctate.  Elytra  oval, 
rather  oblong;  sides  gradually  narrowed  and  arcuate  from  base  to  apex; 
sutural  stria  obsolete  at  base,  gradually  more  strongly  impressed  to  the  apex 
where  it  approaches  the  margin  ;  surface  with  rows  of  rather  coarse  and  closely 
placed  punctures,  very  feebly  impressed  ;  intervals  with  more  or  less  irregu- 
larly placed  punctures  of  equal  size.  Body  beneath  not  distinctly  punctured. 
Length,  2  mm.;  width,  1  mm.     i  ^. 

Male. — Anterior  and  middle  tarsi  not  distinctly  dilated,  posterior  femora 
with  a  rather  broad  tooth,  obliquely  truncate  at  apex;  posterior  tibiae,  straight, 
rather  strongly  dilated  at  apex. 

Female. — Unknown. 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  from  substriatiis  and  latidcns 
by  its  large  head  and  thorax  not  distinctly  narrowed  in  front  and 
by  the  shorter  tooth  of  the  posterior  femora  and  the  more  strongly 
dilated  tibiae. 

Actobius  fulvicomis  new  species. 

Form  slender,  elongate,  parallel,  subdepressed.  Color  black,  elytra  piceous 
brown,  indefinitely  darker  on  the  suture  and  basal  third  ;  antcnnx.  mouth  pans 


28  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^  o^-  xxviii. 

and  legs  reddish  yellow.  Head  omitting  the  mandibles  as  long  as  broad,  as 
wide  as. the  thorax,  punctures  rather  coarse,  sparse  and  somewhat  indistinct; 
antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  joints  five  to  ten  strongly  transverse, 
eight  and  nine  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  others  not  so  wide.  Thorax  one 
fourth  longer  than  wide;  sides  parallel;  posterior  angles  strongly  rounded, 
anterior  angles  obtuse  and  very  narrowly  rounded ;  punctate  like  the  head,  a 
distinct  row  either  side  of  the  middle,  elsewhere  sparse  and  irregularly  placed. 
Elytra  one  fourth  wider  than  the  thorax,  slightly  wider  at  apex  than  at  base, 
nearly  one  third  longer  than  wide,  surface  shining,  more  coarsely,  closely  and 
distinctly  punctate  than  the  head  and  thorax.  Abdomen  gradually  wider  to  the 
fifth  segment  where  it  is  as  wide  as  the  elytra ;  sides  scarcely  arcuate ;  rather 
sparsely  and  very  finely  punctate ;  pubescence  long  even  and  rather  coarse ; 
beneath  more  distinctly  punctured.     Length,  4  mm. ;  .75  mm.      1  5- 

Male. — Unknown. 

Female. — Terminal  abdominal  segment  broadly  rounded  ;  anterior  tarsi  not 
distinctly  dilated. 

A.  semipmictattis  F.  &  G.  is  the  only  species  listed  from  North 
America  or  Europe  which  the  above  at  all  resembles.  The  antennae 
in  that  species  are  described  as  short,  ''  barely  reaching  the  middle 
of  the  thorax"  and  the  outer  joints  "quite  transverse."  The  an- 
tennae and  legs  are  differently  colored.  A.  scmipiinctatus  is  not 
included  in  the  Junk  Catalogus. 

Scopseus  quadriceps  new  species. 

Form  rather  slender,  parallel,  somewhat  depressed.  Head  and  elytra  rufo- 
piceous,  the  latter  paler  at  apex,  abdomen  darker,  blackish ;  thorax,  antennae, 
palpi  and  legs  dull  rufo-testaceous.  Head  one  fifth  longer  than  wide ;  neck 
one  fifth  the  width  of  the  head ;  the  latter  behind  the  eyes,  square  ;  base  straight, 
posterior  angles  moderately  rounded ;  eyes  distant  from  the  base  two  and  one 
half  times  their  diameters;  antennae  very  nearly  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax, 
outer  joints  subquadrate ;  gular  sutures  moderately  separated,  straight  and 
parallel ;  head  finely,  densely  and  evenly  punctate.  Thorax  very  slightly  nar- 
rower than  the  head,  one  fourth  longer  than  wide ;  anterior  angles  at  apical 
third,  sides  thence  straight  and  very  slightly  convergent  to  the  round  posterior 
angles ;  a  little  less  densely  punctate  than  the  head  with  a  narrow  median 
smooth  line.  Elytra  scarcely  wider  than  the  thorax,  equal  to  or  narrower  than 
the  head ;  the  head,  thorax  and  elytra  subequal,  if  anything  the  head  being  the 
widest.  Elytra  one  fourth  longer  than  wide,  less  than  one  fourth  longer  than 
the  thorax,  a  little  more  coarsely  and  less  densely  punctate  than  the  head. 
Abdomen  very  slightly  wider  to  the  apical  margin  of  the  fourth  segment  where 
it  is  slightly  wider  than  the  head.  First  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  longer  than 
the  second  but  shorter  than  the  second  and  third  together,  two,  thre'e  and  four 
equal,  as, long  as  wide.     Length,  2.3  mm.;  width,  .35  mm.     i  J. 

Male. — Unknown. 


March,  1920.]       XOT.MAN  :    CoLF.OPTERA    CoLLFXTF.D    AT    ScHOHARIE.  29 

Female. — Anterior  tarsi  scarcely  dilated,  sixth  ventral  segment  broadly 
triangular  at  apex. 

This  species  seems  closely  related  to  S.  niaciloitiis  Csy.  CRcv.  N. 
Am.  Psederini,  1905,  p.  208).  It  is  distiiii^uished  by  the  elytra  not 
wider  than  the  head,  more  elongate  thorax  with  the  anterior  an.t,dcs 
farther  removed  from  the  apex. 

Agathengis  lineola  new  species. 

Form  very  elongate,  moderately  convex.  Head  and  thorax  black,  beneath 
dark  piceous ;  elytra  brownish  yellow,  two  nubilous  dark  spots  on  each  elytron 
on  basal  half  near  the  suture,  the  posterior  spot  larger  and  elongate ;  antennae 
and  legs  rufo-tcstaceous.  Head  rather  sparsely  and  not  coarsely  punctate; 
front  between  the  antennne  sharply  but  obtusely  angulate  ;  antenn.x  more  widely 
separated  from  each  other  at  base  than  from  the  eyes;  first  joint  equal  in 
length  to  the  next  three;  fifth  joint  elongate,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  wide;  club 
joints  not  distinctly  transverse.  Thorax  one  fourth  wider  than  long,  strongly 
impressed  from  side  to  side  at  the  basal  margin,  not  foveate  laterally;  sides 
feebly  arcuate  and  convergent  from  basal  fourth  to  the  apex,  a  little  more 
strongly  convergent  to  the  basal  angles  which  are  obtuse  but  distinct;  coarsely, 
evenly  and  somewhat  closely  punctate.  Elytra  twice  as  long  as  wide,  not  more 
than  one  sixth  wider  than  the  thorax ;  sides  evenly  arcuate  from  base  to  apex, 
a  little  more  strongly  on  apical  third ;  humeri  minutely  denticulate ;  scutellum 
more  than  twice  as  wide  as  long;  punctuation  not  quite  so  coarse  and  distinct 
as  that  of  the  thorax  on  the  basal  half,  evanescent  at  the  apex.  Pubescence 
rather  short,  fine  and  appressed.  First  ventral  segment  at  middle  equal  in 
length  to  the  following  two.     Length,  i. 3-1.4  mm.;  width,  .35-45  mm.     (2.) 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  those  hitherto  described  by  its 
more  elongate  form  and  proportionately  narrower  elytra. 

Heterostomus  mordelloides  new  species. 

Form  oval,  very  convex,  slightly  compressed  and  narrowed  posteriorly. 
Color  black,  scarcely  shining;  antennae,  mouth  parts  and  legs  dark  rufous. 
posterTor  femora  and  tibiae  darker,  nearly  black.  Surface  rather  coarsely,  very 
densely  and  uniformly  punctured;  scutellum  with  the  posterior  half  of  its  side 
margins,  smooth,  shining  and  impunctate.  Head  slightly  less  than  one  half  .is 
wide  as  the  thorax,  antennx  subcapitate,  club  elongate ;  joints  one  and  two 
subequal,  globular,  three  elongate,  nearly  as  long  as  the  next  two,  ten  twice 
as  wide  as  long.  Thorax  three  fifths  wider  than  long,  male;  three  fourth.";, 
ft  male;  apex  a  little  more  than  one  half  the  width  of  the  base,  strongly  emar- 
ginate  and  bisinuate,  sides  parallel  in  basal  half,  strongly  arcuate  in  apical  half: 
anterior  angles  acute,  posterior  sharply  rectangular,  strongly  produced  ;  base 
trisinuatc.  median  sinuation  less  marked,  disk  evenly  and  strongly  convex, 
slightly  impressed  either  side  at  the  basal  margin.     Intcrcoxal  process  of  the 


30  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     IVoi.  xxviii. 

presternum  narrow,  not  dilated  nor  elevated  at  tip,  coarsely  and  densely  pubes- 
cent posteriorly.  Elytra  conjointly  a  little  transverse,  apex  truncate,  apices 
separately  broadly  rounded ;  humeri  slightly  prominent ;  elytra  not  margined, 
epipleurse  indistinct;  scutellum  arcuate-triangular,  apex  distinct.  Abdomen 
with  two  dorsal  segments  exposed  second  and  third  ventral  segments  very 
short,  combined  not  as  long  as  the  first,  fourth  or  fifth,  the  latter  the  longest. 
Middle  and  posterior  legs  compressed ;  tibiae  strongly  dilated  at  apex  with  a 
dense  fringe  of  equal  spinules.  Tarsi  dilated  and  spongiose  beneath ;  second 
and  third  joints  emarginate ;  claws  appendiculate.  Length,  2.6-2.75  mm.; 
width,  1. 25-1. 45  mm.      i  (5*,  i  $. 

(1^ — Keene  Valley,  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  28  June,  igi8.) 
Male. — Additional  abdominal  segment  visible  from  above. 

This  species  seems  closely  allied  to  the  European  H.  pulicarius 
Linn.  In  the  latter  the  punctuation  of  the  head  and  propygidium 
are  said  to  be  evidently  ("  merklich  ")  finer.  (Gangl.  Kaf.  Mitt.-Eu., 
Vol.  Ill  (II),  p.  455-)  In  mordclloides  the  punctuation  of  the  head 
is  not  at  all  finer  and  that  of  the  propygidium  only  very  slightly  finer. 

The  genus  Heterostomus  has  not  been  reported  hitherto  from 
North  America.  In  Dr.  Horn's  table  of  the  Brachypterini,  it  would 
be  placed  as  follows : 

Claws  distinctly  toothed  at  base. 

Prosternum  elevated  at  tip;  elytral  epipleurse  distinct Brachypterus 

Prosternum  not  elevated  at  tip  ;  elytral  epipleurae  indistinct. .  . Heterostomus 

Claws  simple  or  nearly  so. 

(^Cerciis,  Amartus,  Anthonccus.) 

Ludius  (Corymbites)  exilis  new  species. 

Form  very  elongate,  elytra  subdepressed.  Head,  thorax  and  underside 
plumbeous  black,  elytra  ochreous  yellow;  base  and  underside  of  the  first  anten- 
nal  joint,  mandibles,  labrum  and  prosternal  lobe  rufous,  anterior  angles  of  the 
thorax  narrowly  and  obscurely  rufescent ;  posterior  angles  and  narrow  basal 
margin  and  the  legs  rufo-testaceous.  Head  concave  and  unmargined  at  middle 
in  front ;  punctures  above  coarse,  close  and  umbilicate ;  antennae  strongly  ser- 
rate, the  second  joint  very  short,  scarcely  longer  than  wide,  third  joint  trian- 
gular, similar  to  the  fourth,  terminal  joint  constricted  near  the  apex.  Thorax 
as  wide  as  the  head  at  apex,  about  three  fourths  longer  than  wide,  sides 
parallel,  rounded  anteriorly  near  the  angles,  posterior  angles  produced,  strongly 
divaricate  and  distinctly  carinate ;  strongly  sulcate  on  the  median  line,  sulcus 
not  attaining  the  anterior  margin,  indistinct  impression  on  the  lateral  declivi- 
ties ;  punctures  coarse,  dense  and  umbilicate  on  the  sides,  finer  and  sparser 
on  the  disk.  Elytra  very  slightly  wider  than  the  thorax,  sides  parallel  to  the 
middle,  thence  very  gradually  and  evenly  attenuate  to  the  apex ;  striae  fine, 
not    distinctly    punctate,    intervals    slightly    convex,    rugulose    and    finely    and 


March,  1920.]       NOTMAX  :    COLEOPTERA    COLLECTED    AT    SciIOIIARIE.  31 

sparsely  punctate.  Pubescence  short,  sparse  and  pale.  ScutcUum  elongate, 
obtuse  at  apex,  closely  and  finely  punctate.  First  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi 
a  little  longer  than  the  second.     Length,  13.5  mm.;  width,  3.5  mm.     (i.) 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  L.  fulvipes  Bland.  In  addition 
to  the  differences  in  color,  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  more  elon- 
gate and  parallel-sided  thorax  with  the  anterior  angles  rounded  and 
narrowly  depressed  and  the  more  strongly  divaricate  posterior  angles 
and  by  the  elytra  distinctly  wider. 

In  the  latest  classification  of  the  Elaterid.-e  by  Schwarz  in  Genera 
Insectorum,  Ludiiis  Esch.  is  used  in  place  of  Corymhitcs,  Limonius, 
etc.,  a  change  justified  by  the  fact  that  Corymhitcs  Latr.  was  defined 
to  include  only  the  species  with  semi-pectinate  antcnncC  in  the  male, 
and  that  Ludius  Esch.,  an  older  genus,  is  defined  to  include  species 
with  unmargined  front,  simple  claws,  unlobed  tarsi  and  narrow  coxal 
plates. 

Lixus  crassulus  new  species. 

Form  elongate,  cylindrical,  moderately  slender.  Color  black,  shining, 
antennas  and  tarsi  picescent.  Pubescence  short,  scale-like,  yellowish,  more  dense 
on  the  sides.  Head  and  beak  finely  and  rather  densely  punctate,  a  deep  rounded 
fovea  between  the  eyes  and  a  short  stria  between  the  antennae;  beak  cylin- 
drical, as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  strongly  arcuate;  antennae  inserted  at 
apical  two  fifths,  scape  not  as  long  as  the  remaining  joints ;  first  two  joints  of 
the  funical,  elongate,  subequal,  second  as  long  as  the  following  two.  Thorax 
one  third  wider  than  long;  sides  rather  strongly  arcuate  and  convergent  from 
base  to  a  little  more  than  apical  one  fourth  where  they  are  rather  strongly 
constricted;  apex  one  half  the  width  of  the  base;  disk  impressed,  impression 
wider  and  deeper  at  the  base;  finely  and  densely  punctured;  sides  of  the  im- 
pression coarsely  rugose-punctate  at  base,  a  few  coarse  punctures  on  the  apical 
half.  Elytra  slightly  wider  than  the  thorax  and  three  and  one  half  times  as 
long;  sides  parallel  to  apical  third  and  thence  obliquely  rounded  to  the  con- 
jointly rounded  apex ;  a  rather  deep  scutellar  impression  ;  surface  very  finely 
and  indistinctly  punctulate  with  rows  of  coarse,  well  separated  punctures, 
becoming  smaller  apically.     Length,  13.5  mm.;  width,  4.5  mm.     i  $. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  L.  concavus  Say  by  its  slightly 
broader  form,  wider  thorax  with  sides  more  strongly  rounded  and 
constricted  and  the  much  less  numerous  coarse  punctures  on  the 
apical  half  of  the  disk. 


32  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

THE   INSECTS    OF   THE   EVENING   PRIMROSES    IN 
NEW   JERSEY. 

By  Edgar  L.  Dickerson  and  Harry  B.  Weiss, 
New  Brunswick,  N.J. 

The  observations  recorded  in  this  paper  were  made  in  various 
parts  of  New  Jersey  on  the  evening  primroses  which  are  commonly 
and  as  v»^ill  be  shown  later  incorrectly  known  as  CEnothera  biennis 
L.,  and  probably  such  additional  species  as  oakesiana  and  cleistantha. 
Most  of  the  work  was  done  during  the  season  of  1919  and  it  might 
be  added  that  it  was  carried  on  incidental  to  regular  duties  of  an 
inspection  nature. 

OEnothera,  according  to  Bailey's  Standard  Cyclopedia  of  Horti- 
culture is  said  to  be  Greek  for  wine-scenting  in  allusion  to  an 
ancient  use  of  the  roots.  The  Oenotheras  are  mostly  dry  soil  plants 
and  are  chiefly  North  American.  In  a  letter  Dr.  George  H.  Shull 
writes  as  follows:  "The  true  CEnothera  biennis  L.  has  not  been 
found  in  America  but  is  very  widely  distributed  in  Europe.  It  is 
generally  understood  of  course  that  all  of  the  Oenotheras  are  of 
American  origin  but  that  this  particular  species  has  no  known  native 
American  habitat,  which  probably  means,  merely  that  the  American 
Oenotheras  are  still  only  very  imperfectly  known.  The  number  of 
species  occurring  in  America  and  formerly  included  under  the  name 
biennis  in  the  manuals  is  very  large.  I  have  not  the  least  doubt  that 
when  the  CEnothera  species  of  the  eastern  United  States  are  fully 
known  taxonomically,  there  will  be  hundreds  of  them." 

In  this  paper,  therefore,  the  term  evening  primrose  should  be 
taken  to  mean  in  the  main,  those  species  commonly  known  and 
grouped  together  under  the  name  biennis.  These  species  are  mostly 
biennial  and  make  only  a  rosette  of  leaves  during  the  first  year. 
According  to  Stone  (Plants  of  Southern  New  Jersey,  N.  J.  St.  Mus. 
Rept.,  1910)  dry,  open  ground  is  preferred.  They  are  common  in 
the  northern,  middle  and  coast  districts  south  to  Cape  May,  being 
largely  weeds  in  waste  places  and  cultivated  ground.  In  this  char- 
acter they  are  occasionally  found'  in  the  pine  barrens.  Flowers  occur 
from  late  June  into  October  and  fruits  from  late  July  through 
autumn. 


March,  i9^o.]       DiCKERSON    &    VVeISS  :    EVEXING    PklMKOSE    INSECTS.        33 

Before  taking  up  the  accounts  of  the  insects  associated  with  the 
evening  primroses,  it  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  call  attention  to  a 
paper  by  Alice  Adelaide  Knox  on  "  The  Relation  of  Injury  to  Fascia- 
tion  in  the  Evening  Primroses,"  which  appeared  in  The  Plant  World 
(Vol.  10,  No.  7,  July,  1907).     Parts  of  this  paper  are  quoted  below. 

"Examination  of  species  of  CEnothera  by  cutting  or  splitting 
the  axes,  reveals  within  many  of  them  comparatively  large  numbers 
of  the  larvae  of  a  small  moth  named  Moniplia,  which  suljsist  on  the 
pith  toward  the  end  of  summer,  and  winter  in  the  hollow  stem. 
Some  of  the  larvK  develop  in  the  ovary  and  emerge  in  the  winged 
state  from  the  ripened  capsule.  Still  others  hatch  in  the  leafy  tip 
of  the  flowering  stalk  or  in  the  rosette,  and  in  the  latter  bind  together 
the  leaves  to  make  a  protective  covering  and  feed  in  its  heart  during 
the  cold  months.  In  each  case  the  eggs  are  laid  in  the  growing 
region,  so  that  the  initial  meristem  is  subject  to  injury  from  the  ovi- 
positor. In  the  last  instance  large  mutilations  may  be  caused  by  the 
devastations  of  the  feeding,  and  such  ravages  account  for  the  fre- 
quent abortion  of  the  main  axis  among  the  fasciatcd  plants.  On  tlie 
other  hand  many  plants  remain  unaffected,  for  the  new  leaves  fur- 
nish sufficient  food,  the  larva  does  not  penetrate  the  center  of  the 
axis,  and  never  reaches  the  meristem.  In  still  a  third  case  the 
meristem  may  be  barely  touched  or  irritated,  and  the  injury  may  be 
a  one  in  its  effects  similar  to  those  caused  by  the  ovipositor.  Where 
the  wound  is  inflicted  by  the  mouth  parts  of  the  larva  it  is  ordinarily 
more  easily  detected  than  when  made  by  the  ovipositor  of  the  imago, 
for  it  frequently  interferes  with  procambial  development  in  such  a 
way  that  the  bundle  ring  is  symmetrical,  or  there  is  a  conspicuous 
callus  formation,  or  other  signs  are  evident,  by  which  its  course  may 
be  traced  and  its  origin  ascertained.  When  the  tissues  are  pierced 
by  the  ovipositor  the  injury  is  so  small  that  it  is  impossible  to  find  it 
after  any  considerable  amount  of  growth  has  occurred.  A  compara- 
tively deep  incision  measures  1.25  mm.  in  longitudinal  section;  it 
disappears  almost  immediately  upon  the  consequent  enlargement  of 
the  surrounding  cells,  and  it  is  useless  to  look  for  traces  of  it  at 
advanced  stages  of  development.  Fasciated  tips  so  young  that  their 
flattened  character  can  only  be  determined  microscopically  show- 
wounds  in  the  meristem  at  the  apices,  but  as  the  banding  of  the  stem 
becomes   conspicuous,   aJl   traces   of   the   disturbance   are   gradually 


34  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [VoI.  xxviii. 

lost.  The  time  of  the  attack  makes  a  great  difference  in  the  devel- 
opment. If  the  injury  is  to  a  growing  region  of  a  biennial  plant 
still  in  the  rosette  stage,  the  plant  fasciates  during  the  rosette  period, 
and  the  growing  region  becomes  linear  before  the  time  of  the  elonga- 
tion. The  stems  are  then  flat  from  the  base.  If  the  plant  is  adult 
at  the  time  of  the  invasion  the  injuries  are  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
stems  which  have  already  completed  their  first  growth.  These  fas- 
ciated  stems  are  round  below  and  flat  above.  In  a  given  field  of 
plants  it  will  also  be  noticed  that  most  of  the  fasciated  individuals 
begin  to  flatten  from  the  same  relative  point  on  the  axis.  This  seems 
to  indicate  that  the  banding  is  stimulated  in  all  of  them  at  the  time 
of  the  advent  of  the  new  swarm,  or  its  less  penetrating  mode  of 
attack  may  account  for  the  absence  of  any  degree  of  fasciation 
whatever. 

'■  The  importance  of  conditions  of  culture  correlates  well  with  the 
above  observations  and  the  character  of  the  environment  is  signifi- 
cant in  the  production  of  the  fasciation  in  two  ways :  namely,  in 
providing  a  favorable  habitat  for  the  insect,  and  in  promoting  vigor 
in  the  individual  plant,  such  that  it  will  recover  from,  and  not  suc- 
cumb to,  the  mutilations.  Degrees  of  moisture,  isolation,  and  light 
all  influence  the  activities  of  the  insect  as  well  as  the  development  of 
the  plant  itself.  Healthy  plants  may  be  more  attractive  to  the 
insects;  damp  or  rainy  weather  may  drive  the  insects  into  the  flow- 
ering heads,  or  under  the  young  leaves;  isolated  plants  in  full  sun- 
light may  be  better  exposed  for  the  hatching  of  the  eggs.  An  ento- 
mological study  of  the  habits  of  these  animals  would  be  of  interest 
in  this  connection,  and  would  throw  light  on  the  exact  relation  of  the 
insect's  life-history  to  the  life-history  of  the  plant.  There  always 
remains  the  further  necessity  that  the  plant  shall  be  '  susceptible,' 
but  we  are  assured  by  de  Vries  that  the  degree  of  susceptibility  of  the 
normal  and  flourishing  primrose  is  superior  to  that  of  the  ailing 
plant,  and  that  the  physiological  responses  of  the  two  are  not  alike." 

Without  attempting  to  explain  the  relation  of  insect  injury  to 
fasciation  in  these  plants,  we  wish  to  state  that  the  "  Mompha"  re- 
ferred to  by  Miss  Knox  consists  of  several  distinct  species,  which 
confine  their  attacks  almost  exclusively  to  certain  parts  of  the  plant ; 
also  that  these  insects  belong  to  the  Lepidoptera,  the  members  of 
which  do  not  possess  a  true  ovipositor  and  that  the  eggs  of  these 


March,  i9-'o.]       DiCKERSON    &    WeISS  :    EvENIXG    PRI.MROSE    INSECTS.         35 

species  are  laid  as  the  case  may  be,  on  the  stem,  leaves,  and  develop- 
ing tips  and  buds  and  not  inserted  in  the  tissue.  In  view  of  this 
we  do  not  see  how  the  initial  meristem  could  be  injured  by  the  ovi- 
positor. It  would  be  possible,  however,  for  the  larva  of  the  species 
breeding  in  the  tip  to  injure  this  tissue  by  feeding.  During  the  past 
summer,  hundreds  of  infested  plants  were  examined  in  various 
parts  of  New  Jersey  and  the  amount  of  visible  fasciation  found  was 
very  small.  It  therefore  appears  to  us  as  if  the  primrose  insects  do 
not  play  such  an  important  part  in  fasciation  as  Miss  Knox's  paper 
would  indicate. 

The  following  species  of  insects  were  found  associated  with  the 
primroses  during  the  second  year  of  their  growth,  or  in  other  words, 
with  the  adult  plants.  As  a  rule  little  w^as  found  on  the  rosettes. 
The  tip  moth,  Phalonia  CEnotherana,  winters  over  in  the  rosette,  as 
will  be  shown  later  and  it  is  quite  probable  that  some  of  the  leaf 
feeders  utilize  this  stage  of  the  plant  for  food  purposes.  The  ro- 
settes also  should  afford  hibernation  quarters  for  miscellaneous  spe- 
cies. Primrose  roots  were  examined  and  with  one  exception  the 
results  were  negative.  This  exception  consisted  of  aphids  which 
were  found  on  roots  at  Hightstown,  N.  J.,  by  Mr.  West.  Unfor- 
tunately no  specimens  were  saved  and  the  identity  of  the  species  is 
unknown  to  us. 

Lepidoptera. 
Rhodophora  florida  Gn. 

This  prettily  colored  moth  is  one  of  the  species  intimately  asso- 
ciated with  the  evening  primrose,  the  larva  feeding  on  the  unopened 
buds  and  to  a  much  lesser  extent,  the  seed  capsules  and  the  adults 
visiting  the  flowers  by  night  and  resting  within  the  partially  closed 
blossoms  during  the  day.  It  has  been  considered  an  apparently  rare 
insect  by  collectors  until  the  characteristic  habits  of  the  larva  or 
adult  were  known  when  it  became  an  obviously  common  species 
within  the  limits  of  its  distribution. 

The  Flowery  Primrose  ^Moth  was  the  popular  name  used  by  Dr. 
Asa  Fitch  (12th  Rept.  Nox.  Ben.  Ins.  St.  N.  Y.,  pp.  900-906)  as  the 
title  of  a  paper  in  which  he  gives  a  very  complete  account  of  the 
life-history  and  habits  of  the  insect.  The  species  was  descrilied  by 
Guenee  in  1857  (Hist.  Xat.  Ins.  Lep..  Vol.  VI,  p.  71)  from  a  single 
female  taken  in  New  York  bv  Mr.  Edward  Doubledav  while  collect- 


36  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 

ing  in  that  state  in  1837.  Since  its  original  description  it  has  been 
noted  in  various  lists  and  papers,  notably  by  Fitch  (loc.  cit.),  by 
Saunders  (Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  2,  p.  6,  1869)  '(Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  3,  p.  76, 
1871),  who  studied  it  in  Ontario,  Canada,  and  by  Smith  (Brook.  Bui., 
IV,  p.  28,  1881). 

The  insect  is  apparently  confined  to  the  eastern  part  of  North 
America  ranging  from  Canada  south  through  the  Atlantic  States. 
Saunders  records  it  from  Ontario  in  July.  Winn  records  it  from 
Montreal  and  other  places  in  Quebec,  July,  August  (Prel.  List  Ins. 
Quebec  Lep.)  ;  Dyar's.  List  gives  Atlantic  States  and  Smith  (Ins. 
N.  J.)  throughout  New  Jersey,  July,  August.  In  the  latter  state 
where  our  own  observations  have  been  made,  we  have  collected  it  in 
a  number  of  localities  from  mid  July  until  mid  August.  We  have, 
also  collected  it  in  Connecticut  and  Mr.  W.  T.  Davis  records  it  from 
Staten  Island  in  July  and  August. 

The  larva  destroys  or  injures  many  blossoms  by  its  characteristic 
feeding  habit  of  "boring  a  round  hole  in  the  bud"  of  sufficient  size 
to  admit  its  head  which  it  sinks  downward  farther  and  farther,  eating 
through  the  folded  mass  of  petals,  nearly  or  quite  cutting  them 
asunder  and  severing  also  the  stamens  and  pistil."  Thus  when  the 
flower  comes  to  burst  forth  from  its  bud  at  the  close  of  the  day,  it 
is  but  half  its  normal  size  and  presents  a  most  rueful  aspect  with 
the  outer  end  of  its  petals  gnawed  and  ragged,  and  all  the  beauty  of 
their  natural  appearance  destroyed."  (Fitch,  I.  c).  Foliage  may 
also  be  eaten  to  a  slight  extent. 

The  following  descriptions  of  the  different  stages  and  life  history 
notes  have  been  taken  from  the  papers  already  referred  to  and  from 
our  own  observations  in  the  field. 

Egg.— "Length  one  fortieth  of  an  inch;  width  one  forty-fifth. 
Form  nearly  round,  flattened  a  little  at  the  base,  where  it  is  also 
somewhat  contracted  in  size,  and  slightly  conical  above,  with  numer- 
ous raised  strias,  about  36  in  all,  which  run  into  each  other  before 
they  reach  the  tip,  where  they  are  reduced  to  less  than  half  the 
number,  and  terminate  at  the  base  of  a  small  ring  which  crowns 
the  tip:  this  ring  has  a  depression  in  the  center,  and  the  space  around 
the  cavity  is  finely  punctured.  The  striae  are  irregularly  crossed 
by  numerous  fine,  raised  lines,  and  thus  the  whole  surface  is  mi- 
nutely  reticulated,   but   the  meshes   are   irregular  in   form,   with   a 


March,  1920.]       DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         37 

slight  depression  in  the  center  of  each.  The  color  of  the  egg  is 
dull  yellowish  pink"  (Saunders). 

Young  Larva. — "  Length  about  one  fifteenth  of  an  inch,  cylin- 
drical. Head  large  and  black,  with  a  few  black  and  brown  hairs. 
Body  above  of  a  dull  shining  yellow,  with  a  wide  dorsal  band  of 
dull  white.  On  each  segment  there  are  from  eight  to  twelve  shining 
black  dots,  from  each  of  which  arises  a  single  black  or  brown  hair. 
The  upper  portions  of  second  and  terminal  segments  have  each  a 
large  patch  of  black.  Under  surface  similar  to  the  upper,  but  with 
fewer  dots;  feet  black;  prolegs  pale  greenish,  faintly  tipped  with 
brown"   (Saunders). 

Full-Grozvn  Larva. — ''  Cylindrical,  tapering  slightly  at  each  end 
and  one  inch  in  length,  when  crawling  elongating  itself  to  1.15,  and 
0.18  thick.  It  is  clothed  with  fine,  shortish,  scattered  hairs  which 
are  placed  symmetrically.  Its  ground  color  is  pale  green,  of  a  yel- 
lowish or  apple  green  tint  when  full  grown,  but  usually  pea  green 
when  it  is  smaller.  Along  the  middle  of  its  back  is  a  stripe  of  a 
deeper  grass  green  color,  and  a  similar  one  upon  each  side  of  the 
back.  These  three  stripes  extend  from  the  neck  to  the  middle  of 
the  penultimate  segment.  Each  of  the  lateral  stripes  has  a  dull 
cherry  red  spot  at  its  anterior  end,  placed  on  each  side  of  the  middle 
of  the  neck  or  first  ring,  and  in  rare  instances  the  anterior  ends  of 
these  lateral  stripes  are  of  this  color  for  a  short  distance.  Before  it 
is  full  grown  the  lateral  stripes  are  sometilnes  faint  or  wholly  want- 
ing; and  low  down  on  each  side  is  an  elevated  fold  of  the  .skin 
which  forms  a  faint  stripe  of  a  paler  color  than  the  ground.  The 
head  is  a  third  narrower  than  the  neck  and  is  held  obliquely  down- 
ward and  forward.  It  is  slightly  paler  than  the  body  and  is  clothed 
with  fine  erect  hairs. 

"A  variety  of  the  larva  occurs,  of  a  dull  pale  brownish  yellow 
color,  with  the  stripe  olive  or  dull  brownish  green.  In  one  instance 
a  young  larva  0.60  long  was  observed  wholly  destitute  of  the  red 
spots  upon  the  neck"  (Fitch). 

Adult. — Rhodophora  florida.  This  was  described  by  M.  A.  Guenee 
(/.  c).  whose  description  follows:  "32  mm.  Ailcs  super,  ayant  la 
cote  et  les  deux  premiers  tiers  de  leur  surface  d'un  rose  vif.  et  le 
dernier  tiers,  ainsi  que  la  frange.  dun  jaune-ochrace  uni :  Ic  tout 
sans  taches  ni  lignes.     Ailes  infer,  blanches  teintees  d'ochrace.     Des- 


38  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [^'°1-  xxviii. 

sous  des  quatre  ailes  ochrace,  avec  la  cote  rose,  sans  autre  dessin. 
Corps  ochrace  en  dessus  et  rose  en  dessous. 

"  Etat  de  New  Yorck.     Coll.  Dbday.  Une  female." 

The  eggs  are  laid  singly,  usually  on  the  outside  of  the  bud  mid- 
way between  the  base  and  the  tip,  but  the  location  may  vary  and  they 
may  occur  on  the  inner  side  or  elsewhere  on  the  bud,  on  the  outer 
side  of  blossoms  at  base,  on  upper  surface  of  leaf  (none  noted  on 
lower  surface),  on  the  stem  or  even  on  the  seed  capsules  and  as 
many  as  four  have  been  noted  on  a  single  bud.  Material  collected 
at  Nutley,  N.  J.,  on  July  23  was  examined  and  the  following  num- 
bers of  eggs  and  young  larvae  were  found  on  various  "  heads "  or 
short  shoots, — 4  e.,  i  1. ;  i  1. ;  5  e.,  2  1. ;  4  e.,  i  1. ;  2  e. ;  2  e.,  i  1. ;  6  e., 
I  1. ;  2  e.,  3  1. ;  i  e.,  3  1. ;  2  e. ;  3  e. ;  8  e.  These  were  found  for  the 
most  part  on  the  buds. 

As  the  adults  emerge  irregularly  during  the  summer,  apparently 
fresh  specimens  being  found  from  early  July  to  mid  August,  eggs 
will  be  found  during  about  this  same  period  and  in  early  or  mid 
August,  eggs  and  various  stages  of  larvae  may  be  found  on  one  plant 
at  the  same  time.  In  about  three  days  time  the  young  larvae  emerge 
from  the  eggs  and  begin  feeding  on  the  buds.  The  habit  of  the  larva 
of  making  a  hole  into  the  inside  of  the  bud  has  already  been  referred 
to.  If  all  of  the  bud  were  eaten  not  many  would  be  needed  to  bring 
the  larva  to  maturity,  but  its  tendencies  are  wasteful  and  many  buds 
and  some  seed  capsules  may  be  injured  before  its  development  has 
been  completed.  Resting  as  it  feeds  with  the  exposed  portion  of  its 
body  resting  longitudinally  on  the  bud  and  being  somewhat  protec- 
tively colored,  it  may  be  easily  overlooked. 

About  a  month  is  required  for  the  larva  to  mature  and  so  they 
may  be  found  on  the  plants  from  middle  July  to  late  September. 
When  full  grown  they  enter  the  ground  at  the  base  of  the  plant  to 
remain  until  the  following  season.  While  they  feed  singly  they 
show  little  tendency  to  wander  and  Dr.  Fitch  notes  that  the  larvae 
will  enter  the  soil  of  even  a  hard  trodden  walk  of  a  garden  rather 
than  seek  softer  soil  at  a  greater  distance. 

The  adults  are  inactive  during  the  day  and  are  found  resting 
on  the  flowers  within  the  partially  closed  petals.  From  this  position 
one  is  easily  captured  and  it  was  in  this  way  that  a  considerable 
series  of  specimens  was  obtained  in  various  parts  of  New  Jersey. 


March.  19^0.1       DiCKERSOX    &    W'eISS  :    EVENIXG    PrIMROSE    InSECIS.         39 

This  moth,  like  many  other  species,  is  attracted  to  light.  The  first 
specimen  seen  by  Dr.  Fitch  in  1858  was  brought  to  him  from  Adam. 
Mass..  where  it  was  taken  at  light  and  four  years  later  he  captured 
a  second  specimen  at  light  in  his  own  home  in  New  York  state. 

We  have  not  bred  any  specimens  and  find  no  record  of  parasitic 
enemies  in  the  literature  relating  to  this  species.  Triphlcps  insid- 
iosits,  a  common  predaceous  hemipteron,  however,  was  observed 
feeding  on  the  egg  of  this  species.  The  lancets  of  the  beak  were 
inserted  in  the  side  of  the  tgg,  the  tip  of  the  beak  scarcely  pene- 
trating the  covering  and  in  this  position  it  rested  for  thirty  minutes. 
The  egg  gradually  collapsed  on  one  side  and  then  the  base  cracked 
open,  the  contents  having  been  practically  exhausted. 

Desmia  funeralis  Hubn. 

This  species,  known  as  the  grape  leaf-folder,  has  long  been  recog- 
nized as  a  pest  of  the  vine.  It  is  widely  distributed  in  the  United 
States  and  probably  occurs  in  nearly  every  locality  where  wild  or 
cultivated  grapes  grow.  At  first  its  occurrence  on  primrose  at 
Princeton  Junction,  N.  J.,  appeared  somewhat  unusual,  but  when  it 
was  later  found  on  the  same  plant  at  Monmouth  Junction  and  in 
fairly  large  numbers  at  Washington's  Crossing.  N.  J.,  we  concluded 
that  the  primrose  could  be  included  in  its  short  list  of  recorded  food 
plants. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  grape  leaf-folder  has  been  known  to 
entomologists  in  this  country  since  1855  and  has  been  treated  in 
various  publications,  it  is  not  necessary  to  go  into  details  here  con- 
cerning its  life-history  and  habits.  Therefore  the  following  account 
except  where  its  occurrence  is  mentioned  in  connection  with  evening 
primrose,  has  been  drawn  from  what  appears  to  be  the  latest  publi- 
cation on  this  insect  by  J.  F.  Strauss.^ 

It  was  first  noted  by  us  in  New  Jersey  at  Princeton  Junction  on 
July  2,  when  small  and  almost  full  grown  larvje  were  taken  from  the 
foliage  of  evening  primrose.  The  young  larv'oe  were  found  feeding 
on  leaves  which  had  not  been  folded,  while  the  older  ones  were 
always  within  a  folded  or  rather  rolled  leaf.  The  leaves  were  rolled 
either  from  the  tip  back  or  lengthwise  up  or  down  and  the  larvae 
fed  within  the  cylinder  either  on  the  upper  or  lower  epidermis,  de- 

iThe  Grape  Leaf-Folder.  Bui.  419.  U.  S    D     \.    Rur.  Ent. 


40  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 

pending  on  the  way  the  leaf  was  rolled.  Sometimes  the  entire  tissue 
was  eaten.  Strauss  makes  no  mention  of  the  leaf-rolling  habit  in 
connection  with  its  injury  to  grape  foliage  in  the  east,  but  according 
to  Quayle,2  in  California  the  leaf  is  distinctly  rolled  and  not  folded 
over  on  the  upper  surface  and  fastened  down  by  strands  of  silk  as 
it  is  in  the  east.  In  addition  Quayle  states  that  the  free  edge  is 
consumed.  On  primrose  in  New  Jersey  both  the  free  edge  and  the 
inner  surface  of  the  rolled  leaf  were  eaten. 

During  the  first  week  of  July  our  specimens  became  full  grown 
and  each  pupated  in  a  cocoon  formed  by  the  cutting  of  the  leaf  in 
two  places  from  the  midrib  to  the  edge  and  the  folding  of  this  flap 
over  to  the  opposite  edge  of  the  leaf.  About  twelve  days  were  re- 
quired for  the  pupal  stage,  the  first  moths  issuing  on  July  i8.  Ac- 
cording to  Strauss,  the  full-grown  first  brood  larvse  leave  their 
shelters  on  grape  and  drop  to  the  ground  where  they  transform 
among  the  fallen  leaves,  trash,  etc.,  and  in  exceptional  cases  a  larva 
may  web  several  leaves  together  and  pupate  within  or  it  may  pupate 
within  the  folded  leaf  where  it  has  fed.  The  pupae  of  the  second 
brood  are  also  found  among  dead  leaves  and  hibernation  takes 
place  in  this  stage. 

Unfortunately  the  second  brood  pupae  on  primrose  were  not  ob- 
served, and  it  is  not  known  whether  a  cocoon  is  made  or  not.  A 
second  brood  undoubtedly  occurs  in  New  Jersey  because  adults 
were  found  during  the  middle  of  July  and  larvse  during  August. 
From  the  foregoing  it  is  apparent  that  the  habits  of  the  larvse  vary 
considerably  within  certain  limits.  In  addition  to  wild  and  culti- 
vated grapes,  other  recorded  food  plants  are  Virginia  creeper  and 
redbud.     The  following  brief  descriptions  are  adapted  from  Strauss. 

Egg. — Length  0.7  mm.,  elliptical,  membranous  chorion  presenting 
under  high  magnification,  delicate,  hexagonal  markings. 

Full  Grown  Larva. — Length  about  i  inch;  widest  in  middle  and 
tapering  toward  either  end;  glossy,  transluc'ent  yellow  green  on 
sides  and  somewhat  darker  above,  with  scattered,  fine,  yellow  hairs 
on  each  segment;  the  head  and  prothoracic  shield  are  light  brown 
and  there  are.  light  brown  spots  on  the  sides  of  the  first  two  thoracic 
segments. 

2  Quayle,  H.  J.,  Bui.  192,  Cal.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta. 


March,  19-0.1       DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         41 

Adult. — Dcsmia  juncralis. 
Pyralis  funcralts  Hubn.,  Pyral.  f.,   103,   1796. 
Anania  funeralis  Hubn.,  Verz.  Schm.,  360,  3449- 
Botys  bicolor  ?  Swain.,  Zool.  Illustr.,  II,  pi.  tt,  1821-2. 
Desiiiia  maculatis  Westw.,  Mag.  Z06I.  Class,  IX,  pi.  2,  1832. 
Desmia  funeralis  (Hubn.)  Gucn.,  Delt.  et  Pyral.,  No.  124,  p.  190,  1854. 

Expanded  tlie  wings  of  the  moth  measure  about  nine  tenths  of 
an  inch.  They  are  very  dark  brown  with  an  opalescent  or  silvery 
reflection  and  border  with  white.  In  both  sexes  the  forewings  have 
two  nearly  oval,  white  spots.  The  hind  wings  of  the  male  bear  one 
spot,  which  may  be  divided  in  the  female.  The  body  is  black  crossed 
by  two  white  bands  in  the  female  and  by  one  band  in  the  male. 

Strauss  reared  seven  species  of  hymenopterous  and  tliree  species 
of  dipterous  parasites  from  the  larvae  and  pupae  of  Dcsmia  funeralis 
and  an  account  of  these  together  with  a  bibliography  of  26  titles 
can  be  found  in  his  publication. 

Celerio  lineata  Fabr. 

This  well-known  species  is  known  to  feed  on  purslane,  buckwheat, 
turnip,  watermelon,  chickweed,  dock,  apple,  currant,  grape,  goose- 
berry and  evening  primrose  according  to  Beutenmuller  (Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  His.  Guide  Leaflet  No.  10,  1903)  and  is  recorded  by  Smith  (Ins. 
N.  J.,  N.  J.  St.  Mus.  Rept.,  1909)  as  being  common  throughout  New 
Jersey,  July  to  November. 

During  the  summer  of  1919  it  was  abundant  at  Princeton  on 
evening  primrose  being  grown  for  experimental  purposes,  but  ap- 
peared to  be  rare  on  this  plant  in  other  parts  of  the  state.  During 
the  1918  season,  it  was  found  on  primrose  at  Nutley,  N.  J.  Accord- 
ing to  Mary  C.  Dickerson  (Moths  and  Butterflies,  1901)  the  cater- 
pillars are  three  inches  long  and  vary  greatly  in  coloring  and  mark- 
ings. There  appears  to  be  two,  kinds,  one  being  yellowish  green 
with  a  series  of  connected  spots  along  each  side  of  the  back,  each 
spot  being  colored  crimson,  yellow  and  black,  the  other  being  black 
with  a  yellow  line  down  the  middle  of  the  back  and  yellow  spots  of 
various  sizes  along  the  sides.  These  two  styles  may  vary  in  many 
ways.     Pupation  takes  place  in  the  soil,  this  stage  hibernating. 

The  moth  is  a  beautiful  one,  known  as  the  White  Lined  Sphinx. 
Two  broods  occur,  the  first  appearing  during  June  and  July  and  the 
second  during  the  latter  part  of  .\ugust  and  early  in  .September. 


42  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^'o'-  x.wiii. 

Apantesis  arge  Dru. 

Forbes  (23d  Rept.  St.  Ent.  111.,  1905,  p.  75)  states  that  this  is 
especially  a  southern  species  reported  many  years  ago  as  destructive 
to  Indian  corn  in  the  southern  states.  In  addition  to  corn  it  is 
known  to  feed  upon  plantain,  smartweed,  dock,  cactus,  lamb's  quar- 
ters and  evening  primrose.  According  to  Forbes  the  species  is 
double  brooded,  passing  the  winter  in  the  latitude  of  Illinois  as  a 
partly  grown  larva  and  changing  to  a  pupa  in  March  and  April  of 
the  following  year.  After  a  pupal  period  of  15  days  the  moths 
emerge  and  lay  eggs  until  late  in  May.  These  hatch  in  15  days, 
producing  a  second  brood  of  caterpillars  in  the  middle  of  June  and 
the  pupae  from  these  are  formed  early  in  July.  Late  in  July  and 
early  in  August  the  moths  appear  after  a  20-day  pupal  period  and 
deposit  eggs  which  in  September  produce  the  hibernating  brood  of 
caterpillars. 

Smith  (Insects  of  New  Jersey,  N.  J.  St.  Mus.  Rept.,  1909)  records 
it  from  Sussex  to  Cape  May  counties,  reporting  that  Mr.  Grossbeck 
found  eggs  at  Paterson  May  5,  larvae  from  May  18  to  June  20,  feed- 
ing on  grass,  plantain,  Chenopodhim,  Polygonum  and  other  low 
plants.  Edwards  (Bui.  35,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  gives  numerous  refer- 
ences to  this  species  and  lists  O.  bieuiiis  as  the  food  plant. 

Euthisanotia  unio  Hubn. 

This  species,  known  as  the  Pearl  Wood-nymph,  is  also  recorde4 
as  a  feeder  on  evening  primrose  and  grape,  although  Saunders  (In- 
sects Injurious  to  Fruits,  p.  261)  states  that  the  larva  of  this  species 
closely  resembles  that  of  Euthisanotia  grata,  long  known  as  a  grape 
feeder,  and  that  Dr.  Fitch,  who  first  announced  grape  as  a  food 
plant  of  E.  unio,  may  have  mistaken  the  larva  of  gi-ata  for  unio. 
Smith  (Insects  of  New  Jersey)  states  that  E.  tmio  occurs  through- 
out the  state,  locally,  more  or  less  abundant,  June  and  July,  the 
larvae  being  found  on  evening  primrose  and  Epilohium.  Beuten- 
muller  (Annals  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  V,  March,  1890)  furnished  these 
food  plants  for  Smith's  List.  Edwards  (Bui.  35,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.) 
gives  numerous  references  to  this  species  and  mentions  vitis  as  the 
food  plant. 


March,  1920.]       DicKERSOX    &    W'eISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE   InSECTS.        43 

Phalonia  oenotherana  Riky. 

This  gayly  colored  member  of  the  Tortricidce  was  described  by 
Riley  in  1881  (Tr.  St.  Louis  Acad.  Sci.,  IV,  316)  from  four  speci- 
mens bred  from  CEnothcra  in  Missouri  by  Miss  Murtfeldt.  Smith 
(Ins.  N.  J.)  lists  it  from  Essex  County,  VII,  25  (Kf.),  and  Clemen- 
ton,  IV,  30  (Haim.),  together  with  the  statement,  "larva  on  evening 
primrose."  In  addition  to  these  localities  we  have  found  it  at  Wood- 
bury. Highland  Park,  Hackensack,  Riverton,  Monmouth  Junction, 
West  End  and  Asbury  Park.  The  larva  lives  in  the  tender,  devel- 
oping, leafy  tip  of  the  stalk,  pulling  the  small  leaves  together  more 
or  less. 

Egg. — Not  observed. 

Full  Grozvn  Larva. — Length  6.8  mm.  Width  1.7  mm.  Light 
tawny  yellow,  not  elongate,  comparatively  broad;  surface  finely 
shagreened;  divisions  between  segments  and  transverse  lines  on 
dorsal  surfaces  of  segments  usually  strongly  impressed;  each  body 
segment  bearing  several,  comparatively  long  hairs,  with  dark  or  light 
tuberculate  bases;  head  similar  in  color  to  body  except  spot  around 
which  ocelli  are  clustered  and  apical  portion  which  are  darker  (in 
some  specimens  entire  head  is  dark  brown)  ;  thoracic  and  anal  plates 
brownish  or  light;  each  leg  bearing  several  minute  hairs. 

Pupa. — Length  5.5  mm.  Width  1.6  mm.  Elliptical,  chestnut 
brown. 

Adult. — Phalonia  a-notlicrana.  Tlie  following  is  the  original  de- 
scription by  Riley:  "  ]\Iale  and  female.  Expanse  9-10  mm.  Basal 
half  of  primaries  yellow,  apical  half  rose-red.  Head  gxay.  Thorax 
yellow,  the  patagia  tipped  with  gray:  primaries  with  the  basal  hall 
yellow,  the  costa  and  apical  half  rose-red,  the  yellow  extending  as 
a  broad  median  emargination  into  the  red ;  the  red  portion  more  or 
less  dotted  or  fasciate  witli  black  shining  scales,  these  scales  not 
encroaching  upon  a  central  patch  which  contains  a  yellow  spot  of 
variable  size;  some  abbreviated  black  and  white  costal  streaks;  pos- 
terior margin  and  fringes  yellow,  becoming  gray  at  the  anal  angle ; 
secondaries  and  under  surfaces  fuscous;  legs  silvery,  the  tibi;c  and 
tarsi  mostly  black  or  fuscous.  Abdomen  silvery-fuscous,  paler  be- 
neath ;  ovipositor  laterally  compressed." 

This  species  appears  early  in  the  season  and  evidently  deposits 
eggs  on  the  developing  terminal  leaves  or  heads.     The  larva?  cat  out 


44  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

a  central  cavity  and  pull  the  small  leaves  together.  When  full  grown, 
about  the  last  week  in  June,  each  constructs  a  rather  dense,  whitish 
cocoon  and  anchors  it  to  a  partly  folded  over  section  of  a  leaf, 
usually  near  the  tip.  Moths  emerge  during  the  last  of  June  and  first 
part  of  July  and  full-grown  larvae  are  again  in  evidence  during  the 
last  half  of  August. 

About  September  15  moths  again  appear  and  probably  deposit 
eggs  on  the  tips  of  the  rosettes  as  Mr.  West  discovered  at  Hacken- 
sack,  N.  J.,  on  November  5,  very  small,  half-grown  and  several  full- 
grown  larvae  at  the  bases  of  the  young  leaves  in  the  centers  of  large 
rosettes.  These  leaves  showed  evidence  of  feeding  and  some  of  the 
larvae  had  webbed  up  the  tender  foliage  somewhat.  Others  were 
encased  in  loosely  spun  cocoons  in  the  fold  of  a  leaf.  It  is  thus  evi- 
dent that  overwintering  takes  place  in  the  partly  to  full  grown  larval 
stages  in  the  rosette. 

On  June  20  at  Riverton,  N.  J.,  Crcmastus  cpagoges  Cush.  (identi- 
fied by  R.  A.  Cushman)  was  bred  from  the  larva  and  on  July  10  at 
the  same  locality  Actia  pilipcnnis  Fall,  (identified  by  J.  M.  Aldrich). 
At  Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  August  8,  Tachniphyto  ccnca  Coq.  (det.  J.  M. 
Aldrich)  was  bred  from  the  larva. 

Mompha  eloisella  Clem. 

This  is  a  common  and  widespread  species  which  was  described  by 
Clemens  in  i860  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  171,  i860).  Winn 
(Lep.  Quebec)  lists  it  from  Montreal  VI  (W.)  and  Rosemere  VI 
(W:)  in  the  pith  of  evening  primrose.  Smith  (Insects  of  New  Jer- 
sey) records  it  as  occurring  throughout  New  Jersey,  the  larva  in  the 
stalks  of  evening  primrose  throughout  the  winter  and  states  that 
pupation  takes  place  in  late  May,  the  adults  issuing  in  June. 

This  is  the  most  abundant  of  all  the  species  of  Mompha  associated 
with  the  evening  primrose  and  occurs  at  practically  every  place  in 
New  Jersey  where  its  food  plant  grows.  The  larvae  develop  in  the 
stems  and  overwinter  in  the  dried  stalks. 

Egg. — Length,  0.41  mm.  Width  0.27  mm.  Oval,  translucent, 
chorion  with  interrupted,  somewhat  irregular,  longitudinal  ridges. 

Full  Grozvii  Larva. — Length  13  mm.  Width  0.17  mm.  Yellow- 
ish white  ;  elongate  ;  segmentation  distinct ;  constriction  between  seg- 
ments   prominent;    head    light    reddish    brown,    irregularly   mottled; 


March,  19-^0. J       DiCKERSOX    &   WeISS  :    EVENIXG    PrIMROSE   InsECTS.        45 

each  body  segment  bearing  a  few  minute,  fine  hairs,  the  dorsal  ones 
being  equidistant,  more  prominent  and  forming  a  transverse  row; 
hairs  more  niunerous  on  anal  segment,  head  and  legs;  hooks  of  anal 
prolegs  forming  an  apparently  continuous,  straight  or  slightly  curved 
line. 

Pupa. — Length  5.8 mm.  ^^'idth  1.5  mm.  Reddish-brown;  seventh 
abdominal  segment  tuberculate  laterally;  last  abdominal  segment 
terminating  in  two  ^orsally  pointed  tubercles,  each  of  which  bears  a 
posteriorly  pointed,  smaller  tubercle  below  it ;  each  abdominal  seg- 
ment bears  a  couple  of  hairs  on  the  side. 

Adult. — Mompha  eloiscUa.  In  Dyar's  Catalogue,  the  following 
synonyms  are  noted:  magnatclla  Zeller,  ccnotherccclla  Chambers,  and 
lyoncticlla  Chambers.  Clemens's  description  of  this  species  follows: 
"  Head,  face  and  thorax  silvery  white,  the  latter  spotted  with  black- 
ish. Labial  palpi  white  with  a  dark  brown  spot  on  the  middle  of 
second  joint  and  tw^o  dark  brown  rings  on  the  third  one  at  the  base 
and  one  at  tip.  Antennae  tawny  yellow,  white  at  base.  Forewings 
silvery  white  with  a  small  tuft  of  tawny  scales  at  the  basal  joint  of 
the  third  fold  and  a  larger  patch  of  the  same  hue  on  the  inner 
margin  at  the  end  of  and  above  the  fold.  Between  the  tufts  in  an 
oblique  dark  brown  costal  streak  nearly  joined  at  an  angle  by  another 
of  the  same  hue  in  the  middle  of  the  w-ing  and  exterior  to  the  first 
tuft  is  a  blackish  brown  streak  wdiich  becomes  diffuse  behind  the 
above  while  the  apical  portion  of  the  costa  midway  between  these 
latter  is  a  rather  faint  dark  spot.  Cilia  yellowish  gray.  Hind  wings 
tawny  grayish,  cilia  ochreous." 

As  has  been  stated,  this  species  overwinters  in  the  larval  stage  in 
cells  in  the  stalks  of  evening  primrose.  Most  of  these  cells  are 
found  in  the  main  stem,  but  the  side  shoots  which  arise  near  the 
ground  are  often  infested.  The  lateral  shoots  near  the  top  or  middle 
of  the  stem  are  evidently  too  small  to  afford  suitable  quarters.  These 
cells  occur  in  all  parts  of  the  main  stem  except  the  extreme  tip  and 
in  most  cases  except  the  lower  portion.  The  first  twelve  inches  of 
stem  above  the  ground  and  in  some  cases  more  is  very  often  taken 
up  with  the  channels,  excrement,  etc..  of  Tylodcrma  fovcolatum, 
which  l)red  there  during  the  summer  and  as  a  rule  cloisclla  cells  are 
scarce  in  this  section. 

The  cells  may  be  close  together  in  a  stem  or  far  apart  and  the 


46  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'"'-  x.wiii. 

number  ranges  from  one  or  two  to  as  many  as  thirty  or  more.  Some- 
times the  entire  pith  of  the  stem  is  taken  up  by  them  and  each  cell 
contains  a  larva.  Only  in  rare  cases  have  two  been  noted  in  a  single 
cell.  Cells  varied  in  length  from  9  to  30  mm.,  in  the  same  stem  and 
the  width  was  3.5  mm.,  this  being  the  width  of  the  pith.  The  width 
of  the  cells  depends  on  the  diameter  of  the  pith  as  they  are  never 
found  in  the  woody  part.  In  one  or  two  cases  cells  were  found 
which  occupied  only  one  half  of  the  diameter  of  the  pith.  The  cells 
in  side  shoots  are  usually  long  because  the  diameters  of  such  shoots 
are  small  and  those  of  the  pith  comparatively  smaller.  Each  cell 
consists  of  a  cavity  in  the  pith  which  is  plugged  at  each  end  with 
what  appears  to  consist  of  dark  excrement-like  material,  in  layers, 
closely  packed  together,  each  layer  being  intermixed  with  threads. 
The  cell  is  usually  but  not  always  lined  inside  with  a  thin  layer  of 
silk. 

The  yellowish  larvse  in  the  stems  varied  considerably  in  size,  some 
being  rather  small,  but  most  of  them  appeared  to  be  full  grown  or 
nearly  so.  Central  stems,  three  and  one  half  high,  were  found  to 
contain  larvee  as  follows:  2,  i,  6,  2,  2,  3.  Stems  from  four  to  five 
feet  high  housed  the  following:  4,  9,  5,  4,  3,  3,  4,  7,  I,  7,  14,  20,  10,  8, 
18,  II,  8,  12,  16,  4,  9,  5,  8.  In  a  few  instances  stems  six  feet  long 
contained  as  many  as  thirty  or  more. 

During  April  and  May  the  larva  spins  a  rather  loose  and  roomy 
cocoon  which  fills  a  considerable  portion  of  a  small  cell.  After  this 
is  completed  the  larva  cuts  a  circular  hole  through  the  wall  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  cell,  usually  close  to  the  roof,  almost  to  the  out- 
side, leaving  only  the  thin  epidermis  which  is  found  on  the  outside 
of  the  stem.  The  large,  loose,  roomy  cocoon  connects  with  this  cir- 
cular hole.  After  this  the  larva  spins  a  compact,  white,  elongate 
cocoon  in  which  it  transforms,  this  cocoon  also  connecting  at  its 
upper  end  with  the  circular  opening  through  the  cell  wall.  These 
cocoons  are  usually  placed  more  or  less  diagonally  in  the  cells  and 
are  anchored  to  the  large,  loose  cocoon  by  threads.  Sometimes, 
however,  the  larger  cocoon  is  absent. 

Pupation  takes  place  during  the  last  of  May  and  continues  until 
the  middle  of  June  and  in  the  central  part  of  the  state,  the  first  moths 
emerged  on  June  4.  In  the  northern  part,  however,  pupation  and 
emergence  take  place  later.     In  fact,  pupation  and  emergence  take 


March,  19^0.]      DiCKERSON    &    WeISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE   InSECTS.        47 

place  during  all  of  June  and  the  first  half  of  July.  However,  the 
moths  which  emerged  on  July  15  were  in  all  probability  stragglers 
as  the  majority  appeared  during  June.  The  first  eggs  were  noted 
on  June  21,.  Under  laboratory  conditions  these  were  laid  on  the 
upper  leaf  surfaces  and  hatched  in  about  one  week.  In  the  field  they 
are  probably  deposited  on  the  stems  in  addition  to  the  leaves.  After 
hatching  the  larva;  enter  the  stem  tissue  and  feed,  making  longi- 
tudinal cavities  just  under  the  bark  and  between  the  bark  and  pith. 
At  this  time  the  larva  is  greenish  and  except  for  the  head,  which 
is  light  brown,  resembles  the  tissue  in  which  it  feeds.  During  the 
last  of  July  and  first  of  August  and  before  they  are  full  grown,  they 
start  to  excavate  the  pith  and  construct  a  cell.  By  the  time  cool 
weather  arrives,  all  are  in  their  completed,  hibernation  cells  at  which 
time  they  are  of  a  decidedly  yellowish  cblor. 

The  following  parasites  of  eloisclla  can  be  noted: 
Scambus  inqnisitoriellus  (Dalla  Torre).     Reared  from  larvae  feeding 

externally  on  cloisella  larvae.     (Hymen.  Conn.,  p.  321.) 
Chcloniis  laverncc  Ash.     Parasitic  on  Mompha  eloisella  (Smith,  Ins. 
N.  J.,  p.  612).     Also  bred  from  cloisella  larvc-e,  Riverton,  N.  J., 
June  12  (det.  R.  A.  Cushman). 
Eiirytoma  sp.     Emerged  March  22,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  from  cells 

of  eloisella.     Numerous  (det.  R.  A.  Cushman). 
Epiurus  pterophori  Ash.     Emerged  from  cells  of  eloisclla  collected 
at  Xew  Brunswick  and  Morristown,  N.  J.    Very  abundant.    Emerged 
in  laboratory  from  middle  of  ]\Iarch  to  middle  of  April. 
Microbracon  sp.  from  cloisella  cells  (det.  Cushman). 
Pimpla  inquisitor  Say.     According  to  Weed  in  Insect  Life  (Vol.  3, 
p.  275),  the  larva  of  this  species  is  externally  parasitic  upon  eloi- 
sclla larvse. 
At   Lakehurst,    X.   J.,   on   April   4,    eloisella  cells   were   collected 
which  contained  numerous  clusters  of  the  mite  Pcdiculoidcs  rcntri- 
cosits  N.  together  with  dried  larval   skins  of   cloisella.     Later  tlvie 
mite  made  its  appearance  in  our  breeding  cages  and  killed  many  of 
the  larv?c.     (Mite  det.  by  Dr.  Nathan  Banks.) 

Mompha  stellella  Eusck. 

This  insect  was  described  by  Busck  in  1906  (Canad.  Ent.,  Vol.  38, 
p.  123)  from  Pennsylvania  and  District  of  Columbia  specimens  and 


48  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'oi-  xxviii. 

the  larvK  recorded  by  him  as  feeding  in  the  bases  of  the  flowers  of 
evening  primrose.  Winn  (Lep.  Quebec)  states  that  it  occurs  at 
Montreal,  Canada,  September  lo,  the  food  of  the  larvae  being  the 
seed  capsules  of  evening  primrose.  It  is  not  recorded  by  Smith  in 
his  "  Insects  of  New  Jersey,"  and  this  seems  strange  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  we  have  found  this  species  to  be  generally  distributed  over 
New  Jersey,  the  larvae  living  in  the  flower  buds  and  causing  them  to 
swell  conspicuously. 

Egg. — Length  0.42  mm.  Width  0.26  mm.  Oval,  yellowish- white, 
translucent,  larva  showing  through  transparent  chorion  which  is 
apparently  smooth. 

Ftill  Grown  Larva. — Length  10  mm.  Width  1.7  mm.  Elongate, 
cylindrical,  tapering  slightly  anteriorly  and  more  so  posteriorly. 
Ground  color  light  yellow.  All  body  segments  broadly,  transversely 
banded  with  pink,  this  band  being  not  so  apparent  on  anterior  seg- 
ments because  of  it  being  more  diffused.  Pink  coloration  varies 
considerably  and  in  some  specimens  is  barely  visible  so  that  the  larva 
has  a  light  creamy-yellow  appearance.  Head  brown,  somewhat  mot- 
tled and  variable  in  intensity,  dark  around  the  margins.  Ocelli  lat- 
eral, six  in  number,  grouped  around  a  dark  center.  Head  and  each 
body  segment  bears  a  few  minute  hairs,  some  of  which  are  arranged 
in  a  more  or  less  transverse  row.  Head  bears  several  long  hairs. 
Cervical  shield  brown,  covering  much  of  middle  portion  of  dorsal 
surface  of  prothorax,  front  margin  straight,  posterior  margin 
rounded,  divided  longitudinally  in  center. 

Pupa. — Length  5.5  mm.  Width  1.6  mm.  Elliptical,  smooth, 
chestnut-brown. 

Adult. — Mompha  stellella.  Busck's  description  follows:  "An- 
tennae unicolored,  dark  brown.  Labial  palpi  whitish  ochreous, 
sprinkled  with  black  scales  and  with  a  black  annulation  just  before 
the  tip  of  terminal  joint.  Face  silvery  white.  Head  and  thorax 
light  ochreous,  mottled  with  brown  and  black  scales,  costal  edge 
evenly  mottled  with  black  and  entire  aprcal  part  of  .wing  sprinkled 
with  sparse  black  scales,  two  oblique,  ill-defined  and  indistinct  shades 
of  light  brown  stretch  across  the  wing,  one  from  the  base,  the  other 
from  the  middle  of  costa.  There  are  six  tufts  of  raised  ochreous 
scales  in  two  longitudinal  rows,  one  through  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
the  other  below  the  fold.     The  central  of  the  latter  tufts  which  is 


March,  1920.]      DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVENIXG    PrIMROSE   InSECTS.        4I> 

found  just  before  the  tornus  is  the  largest  of  them  and  is  terminated 
by  and  followed  by  intense  black  scales,  the  most  conspicuous  mark- 
ing on  the  rather  evenly  mottled  wing.  Abdomen  ochreous.  Legs 
ochreous,  mottled  with  black.  Alar  expanse  11-12  mm.  ...  It  is 
nearest  and  quite  similar  to  the  other  (Enothcra  feeder,  Mompha 
hrevivitella  Clemens,  but  lacks  the  longitudinal  black  streaks  on  the 
fore-wings  and  is  at  once  recognized  by  the  black  tornal  patch." 

This  species  appears  when  the  green  flower  buds  have  just  started 
to  develop  and  deposits  eggs  on  them  and  on  the  tips  of  the  small 
leaves  surrounding  the  buds.  The  larvae  feed  on  the  outside  for  a 
short  time  and  then  enter  the  buds.  Larv3e  were  found  in  buds  rang- 
ing in  size  or  rather  length  from  3  to  9  mm.  The  first  feeding  inside 
the  bud  is  near  the  tip.  but  the  larva  soon  works  downward  and 
feeds  on  the  style  and  stigma,  the  stamens  and  the  inner  folded  parts 
of  the  petals.  As  a  result,  the  bud  swells.  As  development  con- 
tinues, the  upper  portion  of  the  swollen,  closed  bud  becomes  filled 
with  excrement.  Sometimes  the  inner  part  of  the  green  calyx  is 
eaten  out.     As  a  rule,  a  bud  contains  only  one  larva. 

When  full  grown,  the  larva  cuts  a  small  round  hole  about  i  mm. 
in  diameter  in  one  side  of  the  bud  and  crawls  out,  finally  dropping 
to  the  ground  where  it  constructs  an  elongate,  white  cocoon,  either 
on  top  of  or  slightly  beneath  the  surface.  Particles  qf  soil,  etc.,  are 
fastened  and  adhere  to  the  outer  surface  so  that  the  cocoon  is  effec- 
tively hidden. 

i^ull-grown  larvx  can  be  found  in  Xew  Jersey  during  the  last 
half  of  July  and  most  of  August,  but  during  the  last  of  August  they 
become  scarce,  having  left  many  of  the  buds  by  this  time.  During 
the  last  half  of  August  and  first  part  of  September,  the  pupae  are 
plentiful  and  the  adults  issue  from  the  middle  of  August  to  the 
middle  of  September,  a  few  stragglers  even  emerging  as  late  as  the 
first  few  days  of  October.  Part  of  the  brood  may  overwinter  in  the 
cocoons. 

On  August  27,  adults  of  Bassiis  gibbosus  (Say)  and  Microbracon 
vicllitor  (Say)  (det.  R.  A.  Cushman)  were  bred  from  larvae  collected 
at  Riverton,  N.  J.,  both  being  larval  parasites  of  stellclla.  On  sev- 
eral occasions  adults  of  .1/.  mcllitor  were  observed  ovipositing  in  the 
buds  of  primrose. 


50  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     fVoi.  xxviii. 

Mompha  circumscriptella  Zell. 

This  species  was  described  by  Zeller  from  Texas  specimens  in 
1873  (Verh.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xxiii,  312,  1873).  Chambers  (Can. 
Ent.,  X,  239,  1878)  writes  of  Texas  specimens  having  been  received 
from  Miss  Murtfeldt,  who  informed  him  that  the  larvae  fed  upon 
the  immature  seeds  of  (Enothera  and  pupated  within  the  capsules. 
Smith  (Ins.  N.  J.)  records  it  from  Anglesea,  N.  J.,  August  30,  rare, 
the  larva  in  the  seed  capsules  of  evening  primrose. 

The  species  is  really  not  so  rare  in  New  Jersey  provided  one 
looks  for  it.  We  have  found  it  occurring  at  New  Brunswick,  Bound 
Brook  and  Egg  Harbor.  The  larva  lives  in  the  seed  capsules,  con- 
fining its  feeding  to  the  seeds  in  a  few  of  the  compartments  and 
destroying  only  from  one  fourth  to  one  third  of  the  seeds  in  a  single 
capsule. 

Egg. — Not  observed. 

Full  Grozvn  Larva. — Length  5.7  mm.  Width  i  mm.  Subcylin- 
drical ;  whitish;  head  dark  brown;  on  either  side  of  front  of  head 
is  a  light  band,  meeting  on  apex;  ocelli  lateral  near  ventral  margin 
of  head,  seven,  arranged  in  a  ring;  each  segment  beginning  laterad 
of  the  ventral  surface  bears  a  row  of  fine  hairs,  equidistant  but  not 
in  a  straight  line ;  on  head,  first  body  segment  and  legs  are  several 
fine  hairs;  in  partly  grown  larvae  last  body  segment  shows  a  dorsal, 
dark  anal  plate  which  is  lighter  and  hardly  apparent  in  older  larvse. 

Pupa. — Length  3.8  mm.  Width  i.i  mm.  Shape  similar  to  that 
of  other  micro-pupae ;  reddish-brown  with  middle  portion  of  abdo- 
men slightly  lighter ;  dorsal  surface  of  anal  segment  bears  two  mi- 
nute tubercles. 

Adult. — Mompha  circumscriptella.  Chambers  (Can.  Ent.,  X,  239, 
1878),  in  writing  of  this  species,  gives  the  following  description  and 
remarks :  "  I  have  not  seen  Prof.  Zeller's  specimens,  but  I  have 
received  from  Miss  Murtfeldt  specimens  which,  with  the  aid  of 
Prof.  Zeller's  figure  and  description,  I  recognize  without  difficulty 
as  belonging  to  this  species.  The  thorax,  head  and  palpi  are  white, 
except  that  the  basal  part  of  the  second  joint  of  the  palpi  is  stained 
with  brownish.  The  fore  wings  are  of  a  pale  grayish  ochreous,  with 
the  dorsal  margin  from  the  base  nearly  to  the  middle  snowy  white, 
the  white  crossing  the  fold  at  the  base,  and  further  back  again 
crossing  the   fold  and   reaching  almost  to   the   costal  margin ;   it  is 


March,  19^0.]       DiCKERSON    &    WeISS  :    EVEXING    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         51 

margined  behind  by  two  small  tufts  of  raised  brown  scales,  as  repre- 
sented in  Zeller's  figures,  and  there  is  another  one  on  the  costa  not 
represented  in  the  figure,  which  again  has  a  minute  brown  spot  in 
the  white  at  about  the  basal  fourth,  which  I  do  not  find  in  my  speci- 
mens. The  figure  also  gives  a  very  distinct  white  streak  which 
leaves  the  white  of  the  dorsal  margin  at  the  fold  and  curves  to  the 
costal  margin  before  the  cilioe;  this  streak  is  absent  in  one  of  my 
specimens  and  much  less  distinct  in  the  other  than  it  is  in  the  figure. 
There  is  a  black  speck  at  the  hinder  angles  (indistinct  in  my  speci- 
mens) and  the  apex  is  dusted  indistinctly  with  brown.  Al.  ex.  5^ 
lines." 

It  is  not  known  just  how  this  species  passes  the  winter  nor  how 
early  it  appears  in  New  Jersey.  On  August  4,  primrose  seed  cap- 
sules collected  at  Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.,  which  is  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  state,  were  found  to  contain  small  and  medium  sized  larvae. 
These  appeared  to  have  entered  the  seed  capsule  at  its  distal  end  in 
the  depressed  part,  although  from  the  character  of  the  injury  it 
seemed  as  if  some  had  entered  the  base  of  the  capsule  close  to  the 
stem. 

Some  capsules  contained  two  larvae,  but  one  was  the  rule.  In 
most  cases  the  larva  had  confined  its  attention  to  the  immature  seeds 
in  only  one  or  two  compartments,  such  compartments  being  filled 
with  partly  eaten  seeds  and  excrement.  Upon  reaching  maturity, 
which  takes  place  usually  during  the  last  three  weeks  of  August,  the 
larva  spins  a  whitish,  elongate  cocoon  within  the  capsule  compart- 
ment where  it  has  been  feeding,  attaching  the  upper  end  to  the  inner 
side  of  the  outer  wall.  These  cocoons  are  covered  with  reddish- 
brown  particles  of  excrement  and  are  somewhat  cigar-shaped. 
Either  after  or  before  spinning  the  cocoon  the  larva  cuts  a  circular 
hole  almost  to  the  outside  of  the  capsule.  This  opening  leads  to  the 
upper  end  of  the  cocoon  which  is  fastened  over  it  and  is  covered  only 
with  a  thin  film  of  tissue,  which  breaks  readily  and  allows  the  pupa 
to  protrude  slightly  so  as  to  facilitate  the  emergence  of  the  adult. 

The  exit  holes  are  usually  found  in  the  upper  half  of  the  seed 
capsules.  From  material  collected  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state 
we  secured  adults  from  the  seventh  to  the  last  of  August.  It  is 
likely  that  all  of  the  moths  emerge  before  cool  weather  because  many 
of  the  seed  capsules  split  during  Septeml)er  and  October  and  allow 


52  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     tVoi.  xxviii. 

the  seeds  to  fall.  Numerous  seed  capsules  examined  during  the  win- 
ter were  found  to  contain  only  the  empty  cocoons  and  pupal  shells. 
From  this  it  appears  that  the  adults  hibernate.  In  the  spring  and 
early  summer,  no  trace  of  this  species  was  found.  Its  habits  prior 
to  the  appearance  of  the  seed  capsules  are  therefore  unknown  to  us. 
It  is  quite  probable  that  the  first  brood  develops  in  the  immature 
flower  buds. 

A  species  of  Microhracon,  which  Mr.  Cushman  states  requires 
further  study,  was  bred  from  the  dry  seed  capsule. 

Other  Species  of  Mompha  Associated  with   Evening  Primrose. 

Mompha  brevivittella  Clem. 

syn.  ccnotherivorella  Chambers, 
syn.  (rnotheraseininella  Chambers. 

Chambers  described  this  species  in  1864  in  the  genus  Wilsonia 
(Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.,  11. '428.  1864).  Smith  (Ins.  N.  J.)  lists  it 
from  Lucaston,  October  18  (Dke.),  and  states  that  the  larva  lives 
in  the  seed  capsules  of  evening  primrose,  also  that  the  species  is 
probably  generally  distributed.  According  to  Dyar's  Catalogue  it 
occurs  in  the  Atlantic  States. 

In  our  work  with  primrose  insects  this  species  was  bred  from 
seed  capsules  collected  at  Rutherford,  Oradell,  Tenafly  and  Spring- 
field, N.  J.,  the  adults  issuing  during  the  last  of  August  and  first 
part  of  September. 

Mompha  murtfeldtella  Chambers. 

syn.  albocapitella  Cham, 
syn.  grisscrella,  Cham, 
syn.  obscurusella  Cham, 
syn.  parvicristafella  Cham. 

This  was  described  by  Chambers  in  1875  (Cinn.  Quar.  Jn.  Sci., 
Vol.  II,  p.  237)  from  a  specimen  received  from  Professor  Riley  and 
Miss  Murtfeldt.  In  the  Canadian  Entomologist  for  1879,  Vol.  XI, 
p.  6,  Chambers  gives  the  following  information  about  the  habits  of 
this  species:  "Miss  Murtfeldt  favors  me  with  the  following  notes 
upon  the  larva  of  this  species :  Feeds  upon  the  flowers  of  Oenotheras 
both  wild  and  cultivated  and  is  especially  destructive  to  O.  viissouri- 
ensis.     Eggs  laid  singly  on  sticky  surface  of  calyx  and  larvae  as  soon 


March,  1920.]       DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVEXIXG    PrIMROSE    IxSECTS.         53 

as  hatched  make  their  way  to  the  center  of  the  bud  and  feed  on  petals 
and  stamens.  Full  grown  larva  is  about  one  quarter  of  an  inch  in 
length,  cylindrical,  tapering  slightly  posteriorly  and  anteriorly. 
When  young  it  is  of  a  dull,  brownish  green  color,  gradually  assuming 
a  reddish  tint  until  at  maturity  the  sides  are  of  a  deep  dull  pink 
arranged  in  wavy  shaded  stripes,  which  are  more  intense  on  the  sub- 
dorsal spaces.  Head  oblique,  round,  pale  glossy  grayish  brown 
with  the  dark  brown  mandibles  and  the  triangular  face  outlined 
with  the  same  color.  Cervical  collar  entirely  covering  top  of  first 
segment,  of  glossy  dark  grayish  brown  marked  on  dorsum  with  a 
narrow  but  distinct  longitudinal  line  of  white.  Anal  plate  brown 
and  horny.  Legs  and  prolegs  well  developed.  Pupates  in  dense, 
tough  yellowish  cocoon  on  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Moths  issue 
in  about  ten  days.  There  are  at  least  two  distinct  broods  in  a  season, 
the  second  of  which  hibernates  in  cocoons." 

We  did  not  find  this  species  in  New  Jersey  and  Mr.  August  Busck 
suggests  that  it  may  not  occur  this  far  north. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Tyloderma  foveolata  Say. 

Of  the  insects  associated  with  the  evening  primrose,  the  weevil 
Tyloderma  foveolata  Say  is  one  of  the  commonest  and  most  widely 
distributed.  This  species  was  described  by  Say  in  1831  (Desc.  N. 
A.  Cure,  p.  19,  Lee,  ed.  I,  p.  284),  since  when  its  occurrence  on  the 
evening  primrose  has  been  recorded  at  various  times.  Webster 
briefly  mentions  (Ins.  Life,  Vol.  2,  p.  11,  1890)  the  habits  of  the 
insect  especially  in  regard  to  oviposition  while  Girault  (Ent.  News, 
Vol.  XXII,  p.  112,  191 1 )  gave  a  further  and  more  detailed  account 
of  the  insect  as  he  observed  it  in  Illinois.  The  writers  have  had 
it  under  observation  in  New  Jersey  for  the  past  few  years  and  the 
account  here  given  is  a  result  of  their  observations  as  well  as  those 
in  the  papers  noted. 

The  species  is  widely  distributed  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  coun- 
try. Blatchley  and  Leng  (Rhyn.  N.  E.  Amer.,  19 16)  state  that  it 
"  ranges  from  New  England  to  Nebraska  and  south  to  Florida." 
Smith  (Ins.  N.  J.  St.  Mus.  Rept.,  1909)  reports  it  as  occurring 
throughout  New  Jersey,  May,  June,  and  in  our  observations  wc  have 
found  it  to  be  more  or  less  common  wherever  the  primrose  grows. 

It  is  said  to  breed  in  willow  herb  {Epilobium  sp.)  as  well  as  the 


54  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  xxviii. 

evening  primrose  although  we  have  no  definite  records  nor  have  we 
observed  this  plant  to  be  infested  with  it.  All  of  our  observations 
have  been  made  on  the  evening  primrose.  The  insect  hibernates  as 
an  adult,  both  sexes  living  through  the  wnnter,  as,  the  beetles  have 
been  noted  in  copulation  during  the  spring  and  early  summer. 
Blatchley  and  Leng  (loc.  cit.)  state  that  it  hibernates  beneath  boards 
and  rubbish  and  Mr.  Stafford  obtained  two  specimens  while  sifting 
material  in  the  grass  along  the  edge  of  a  peach  orchard  at  Vineland, 
N.  J.,  March  i. 

As  soon  as  the  weather  becomes  sufficiently  warm  in  the  spring 
the  insects  leave  their  hibernation  quarters  and  after  feeding  and 
mating,  the  females  oviposit.  Most  of  the  egg  punctures  occur  on 
the  main  stem  of  the  plant,  but  a  number  of  them  may  be  found  on 
the  branches.  The  number  occurring  on  this  latter  place  depends 
on  the  size  of  the  plant  and  the  amount  of  oviposition.  The  seed 
capsules  also  serve  as  a  place  for  oviposition  at  times  and  even  the 
underside  of  the  leaf  petiole  is  utilized  although  it  is  questionable 
whether  any  of  the  eggs  located  in  the  latter  situation  produce  adults. 

The  egg  scar  consists  of  an  oval  area  of  which  the  surface  tissue 
at  both  ends  has  been  pulled  back  in  fine  strips  and  pressed  down 
over  the  egg  which  is  located  in  a  cavity  at  the  center  of  the  scar. 
These  threads  or  strips  are  of  a  considerable  number.  They  are  not 
drawn  back  parallel  with  the  stem  but  some  are  drawn  more  or  less 
.laterally.  Gradually  they  dry  and  as  fine  particles  of  dirt  collect  on 
them,  they  become  dark  in  color.  The  scars,  especially  those  located 
on  the  lower  part  of  the  stem,  gradually  change  their  appearance,  as 
the  stem  grows,  becoming  more  or  less  rounded ;  the  surface  in  some 
cases  becomes  split  above  and  below  and  ridged  on  both  sides  of 
the  scar  and  the  covering  of  matted  threads  becomes  loose  and 
falls  off. 

These  scars  may  vary  from  5  to  8  mm.  long  and  from  3  to  8  mm. 
wide.  Measurements  of  seventeen  scars  gave  an  average  of  7  mm. 
long  by  5.7  mm.  wide.  The  egg  cavity  has  a  diameter  of  approxi- 
mately 1.5  mm.  The  insects  has  been  observed  ovipositing  on  more 
than  one  occasion  and  Girault  (loc.  cit.)  has  also  noted  it.  The  fol- 
lowing observation  made  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  June  18,  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  modus  operandi. 

A  female  unaccompanied  by  a  male  was  noted  in  the  act  of  ovi- 
position on  the  stem.     Part  of  the  egg  cavity  had  been  eaten  out 


March,  19^0.]       DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EvEXIXG    PRIMRUSE    IxSECTS.         55 

when  the  insect  was  first  ohserved.  Tlie  insect  was  facing  upward 
with  its  feet  well  braced  and  continued  the  work  of  excavating  the 
cavity  for  about  five  minutes.  Having  completed  this  operation,  it 
reversed  its  position  so  that  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  fitted  in  the 
cavity,  spent  about  a  minute  in  depositing  the  tgg  and  then  again 
reversed  its  position  and  assumed  one  similar  to  that  which  it  main- 
tained in  making  the  cavity  except  that  now  the  cavity  was  more 
nearly  under  the  center  of  its  body.  Having  resumed  its  position, 
the  beetle  reached  forward  as  far  as  it  conveniently  could  without 
moving  its  legs  and  began  tearing  minute  strips  of  tissue  one  after 
another  from  the  surface,  pulling  them  back  over  the  cavity  and  con- 
tained egg  and  pressing  them  down.  The  first  few  strips  were  en- 
tively  removed  and  pushed  into  the  cavity  over  and  about  the  egg. 
After  continuing  in  this  operation  for  about  ten  minutes  with  the 
result  that  a  number  of  the  minute  strips  had  beeit  turned  back  over 
the  egg  cavity  and  a  half -oval  space  marked  off  above  the  egg  punc- 
ture, the  beetle  again  faced  about  and  assuming  a  like  position  began 
tearing  up  strips  from  below  the  egg  puncture  and  folding  them 
back  over  it.  This  it  continued  for  thirty  minutes  with  the  result 
that  a  number  of  strips  had  been  folded  back  and  the  oval  completed 
below  the  puncture.  Then  assuming  its  previous  position,  it  renewed 
the  operation  of  tearing  up  and  folding  back  the  strips  above  the 
egg  cavity  and  continued  this  for  some  25  minutes  and  finally  very 
briefly  pressed  down  and  smoothed  over  the  whole  mass.  The  whole 
operation  thus  occupied  more  than  75  minutes. 

As  oviposition  occurs  over  a  considerable  period  it  results  that 
some  plants  become  pretty  well  covered  with  egg  scars.  As  a  rule 
the  lowest  placed  eggs  are  the  earliest  laid,  while  the  upper  part  of 
the  stem  is  more  apt  to  be  free  from  punctures,  but  there  are  excep- 
tions. The  following  records  will  give  an  idea  of  the  amount  of 
infestation.     The  stems  were  collected  at  Trenton,  X.    T..    Tunc  28. 


Averages 


Tot.^1  Stem 
(in  Inch( 

Lee 

:s). 

igth 

Length  of  Part 
Punctures  ( in 

Bearing 
Inches). 

Number  of 
Punctures. 

21 

IS 

44 

26 

19 

70 

29 

25 

82 

29 

18 

25 

23 

20 

44 

30 

22 

44 

fes..  .  .26 

19 

51 

56 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     t^oL  xxviii. 


Again  on  July   13,   at  Trenton,   N.   J.,   the   following  conditions 
were  noted: 


Number  of 
ictures. 

93 

42 

67 

87 
55 


Total  Stem  Length 
(in  Inches). 

Length  of  Part  Bearing 
Punctures  (in  Inches). 

Nu 
Pui 

42 

32 

20 

13 

28 

22 

27 

23 

42 

32 

Averages..  .  .32 

24 

Other  plants  were  in 

ifested 

as  follows : 

Length  of  Plant 
(in  Inches). 

Number  of 
Punctures. 

27 

84 

42 

55 

42 

93 

'                                      44 

183 

48 

152 

Girault  records  one  plant  as  having  267  punctures  and  another  115. 

In  the  course  of  a  few  days  the  larva  hatches  from  the  ^%%,  eats 
its  way  in  the  woody  portion  toward  the  pith  which  it  soon  enters 
and  there  develops.  The  larva  migrates  little  if  any  but  simply  eats 
out  an  irregularly  oval  place  in  the  pith  and  gradually  becomes  more 
or  less  surrounded  with  the  dark  excrernent  and  other  material  and 
it  is  in  this  chamber  that  pupation  takes  place.  By  late  July  pup?e 
may  be  found  in  some  of  the  earlier  infested  stems.  Pupation  is  of 
short  duration  and  in  early  August  adults  may  be  observed  in  some 
infested  plants.  These  are  as  usual  white  at  first.  They  gradually 
darken  and  soon  the  adult  emerges  through  a  circular  exit  hole  cut 
through  the  side  of  the  stem  near  the  pupal  chamber.  The  descrip- 
tions of  the  different  stages  follow. 

Egg. — "  Length  .80  mm.,  width  .65  mm.  Short  oval  to  oval ;  sur- 
face covered  with  a  grayish  deciduous  substance  not  unlike  a  cover- 
ing of  thin  sugar  and  which  is  opaque  and  without  sculpture.  When 
this  is  rubbed  ofif,  the  surface  of  the  t.g%  is  polished  yellow,  with  no 
marked  sculpture  but  slightly  coriaceous  or  like  the  surface  of  some 
leathers.  Soft,  pliable,  easily  crushed.  Inconspicuous.  General  color 
grayish  yellow;  when  seen  i^i  natural  position  the  upper  side  (and 
also  the  lower)   is  slightly  flattened.     Deposited  singly.     When  ex- 


^farch,  i9::o.]       DiCKERSON    &    WeISS  I    EVENING    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         57 

amined  with  transmitted  light  the  egg  is  liquid  yellow  or  amber 
opaque  centrally;  this  color  persists  until  hatching.  The  pruinose 
coating  is  easily  removed  by  gently  rolling  the  eggs  between  the 
fingers.     The  micropyle  is  not  conspicuous"  (Girault). 

Fiill-Grozvn  Larva. — Length  7  to  8  mm.  Width  2.2  mm.  Typical 
curculio-shaped,  creamy  white ;  head  small,  brownish,  mouth  parts 
darker ;  body  strongly  convex  above,  somewhat  flattened  beneath ; 
skin  transversely  wrinkled;  apodous;  hairs  on  head  and  body  short, 
sparse;  thoracic  ambulatory  tubercles  present. 

Pupa. — Length  6.5  mm.  Width  2.1  mm.  Creamy  white;  head 
and  thorax  bearing  a  few  hairs  with  pronounced  tuberculate  bases; 
dorsal  surface  of  each  abdominal  segment  bears  a  transverse  row  of 
few  hairs;  tuberculate  bases  of  hairs  l)ecome  larger  toward  anal 
segment ;  body  terminated  by  two  parallel  spines. 

Adult. — Tyloderma  foz'colato.  The  following  is  the  original  de- 
scription: "Body  black,  with  dilated  punctures;  head  with  dense, 
small  punctures,  a  frontal  indentation,  and  a  yellow  spot ;  rostrum 
robust,  moderately  arcuated,  punctured  like  the  head;  antennae 
jointed;  first  joint  hardly  reaching  the  eyes;  thorax  with  three  small" 
yellowish  spots  and  one  before;  elytra  with  regular  series  of  large 
quadrate  punctures;  several  small  yellowish  spots  and  a  large,  irregu- 
lar one  behind;  feet  unarmed.  Length  less  than  one  fiftli  of  an 
inch." 

The  adults  vary  much  in  size  and  sculpture,  the  punctures  of  the 
elytra  sometimes  being  in  regular  rows  and  again  very  unevenly 
distributed. 

As  has  been  indicated  the  development  of  the  insect  is  very  ir- 
regular, oviposition  beginning  in  May  and  continuing  well  through 
July,  while  pupae  were  noted  in  some  stems  on  September  11.  The 
irregularity  of  development  is  well  shown  by  the  records  obtained 
from  some  stems  examined  on  June  29.  which  are  as  follows :  At 
Woodstown,  N.  J.,  5  small  larva?.  8  medium-sized  larvse,  8  large 
larvie,  i  parasitic  cocoon  were  found.  At  Springfield,  N.  J.,  on 
August  18  the  following  record  was  obtained:  4  small  larvas,  2 
medium-sized  larvae,  17  large  larvae,  10  pupas,  5  adults,  5  exit  holes 
from  which  adults  had  emerged,  4  parasitic  larvae,  4  parasitic  pupae. 
It  is  also  worth  noting  that  no  apparent  injury  is  done  to  the  prim- 
roses by  the  beetles  even  when  the  infestation  is  severe.  Infested 
plants  grow  and  flower  more  or  less  like  uninfested  ones. 


58  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  >^>iviii 

Another  interesting  point  is  that  there  are  as  a  rule  many  more 
egg  punctures  in  a  stem  than  will  be  adults  developing  from  that 
stem.  For  example  on  a  stem  examined  July  29,  of  85  egg  punc- 
tures, over  half  contained  collapsed  eggs  or  nothing.  This  is  due 
in  part  to  parasitism,  but  there  is  also  some  other  factor  concerned. 
Girault  has  described  a  species  which  he  bred  from  the  egg  of  Tylo- 
dcrma  foveolata,  known  as  Anaphoidea  sorditata  Gir.  (Jour.  N.  Y. 
Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  XVII,  p.  169,  1909).  We  have  obtained  this  species 
from  eggs  collected  at  Woodstown  and  several  localities  in  the 
northern  part  of  New  Jersey  during  June  and  July. 

In  addition  to  the  egg  parasites  there  are  also  several  species 
attacking  the  larvae.  Pierce  (Bui.  73,  Bui.  100,  U.  S.  Bur.  Ent.,  1908, 
1912)  has  recorded  several  parasites  of  this  species.  He  states: 
"It  is  highly  parasitized  by  Neocatalaccus  tylodermce,  Urosigalphus 
sp.,  Cerambycobius  cyaniceps,  Eurytoma  tylodermatis,  Microbracon 
mellitor,  and  Sigalphus  curctdionis.  The  four  last  species  are  also 
parasites  of  the  boll  weevil.  At  Trenton,  N.  J.,  on  September  7,  we 
bred  A^.  tyloderma  from  stems  of  primrose  infested  by  Tyloderma 
foveolata." 

The  parasites  infest  the  larvae  in  the  burrows.  On  several  occa- 
sions we  have  observed  the  parasitized  larvae  and  parasitic  cocoons 
in  the  burrows  as  late  as  November.  From  these,  adults  have  been 
secured  later.  From  this  it  appears  that  the  parasites  pass  the  winter 
as  pupae  in  the  burrows  and  emerge  the  following  spring. 

Acanthoscelis  acephalus  Say. 

This  species  has  long  been  known  as  a  frequenter  of  evening 
primrose  and  as  a  feeder  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  Hamilton  credits 
it  to  Polygonum,  especially  P.  hydropiper,  but  it  is  extremely  similar 
to  Acanthoscelis  curtus  which  lives  on  Polygonum,  there  is  here  a 
possibility  of  error.  It  ranges  according  to  Blatchley  and  Leng 
(Rhyn.  N.  E.  Amer.)  from  Canada  and  New  England  to  Michigan, 
Colorado  and  Kansas  south  to  Georgia.  It  is  frequent  throughout 
Indiana,  May  23  to  August  2,  on  evening  primrose.  Smith  (Ins. 
N.  J.)  records  it  as  common  all  along  the  shore  of  New  Jersey  from 
May  to  September  on  the  same  plant.  As  a  matter  of  fact  it  is  quite 
common  all  over  the  southern  half  of  the  state  and  occurs  more  or 
less  abundantly  at  such  inland  places  as  New  Brunswick,  Riverton, 


March,  1920.]       DiCKF.RSOX    &    W'kISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         59 

Princeton,  etc.  Early  in  the  season  the  adult  appears  to  prefer  feed- 
ing in  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  hut  later  it  will  he  found  in  addition 
on  the  developing  flower  huds  and  floUcrs.  The  larval  stage  is 
passed  in  the  developing  flower  huds. 

Egg. — From  dissected  female.  Length  0.65  mm.  Width  0.2  mm. 
Yellowi.sli  white  or  light  with  slight  yellow  tinge;  glistening;  elon- 
gate, hroadly  rounded  at  hoth  ends,  one  end  slightly  narrower  than 
the  other. 

Full  Grozi'ii  Larva. — Lengtli  6  mm.  Width  1.9  mm.  Typical 
curculio-shaped  form;  creamy  white;  head  reddish-hrown,  posterior 
portion  of  top  and  sides  darker,  anterior  portion  of  lahrum  and  man- 
dibles brownish  hlack ;  dorsal  surface  strongly  convex ;  ventral  sur- 
face weakly,  concave ;  head  and  hody  hearing  several  minute  hairs ; 
body  surface  minutely  shagreened.  Young  larva  more  strongly 
curved  than  older  one  and  somewhat  lighter  in  color. 

Pupa. — Length  3  mm.  Width  2.1  mm.  Whitish  or  creamy  white; 
elytra  and  wings  extend  strongly  ventrally  and  posteriorly,  the  wings 
extending  beyond  elytra  and  approaching  each  other  on  the  ventral 
surface.  The  doubled  up  femur  and  tibia  of  the  middle  leg  extends 
laterally  well  over  the  wing  pad  and  the  posterior  one  extends  be- 
neath and  beyond.  A  pair  of  well  separated  and  prominent,  com- 
paratively long  spine-like  iiairs  with  tuberculate  bases  is  borne  be- 
tween the  eyes;  anterior  to  this  pair  is  another  pair;  anterior  margin 
of  prothorax  bears  a  median  pair  and  another  pair  lateral  to  it ;  me- 
dian dorsal  portion  of  prothorax  bears  a  transverse  row  of  four 
hairs;  a  pair  of  median  separated  hairs  arises  toward  posterior  mar- 
gin of  prothorax  and  also  a  pair  lateral  to  these  and  closer  to  the 
posterior  margin ;  between  these  on  the  posterior  margin  is  a  single 
hair.     Each  femoral-tibial  joint  bears  a  pair  of  hairs. 

Adult. — AcantJioscelis  accphalus.  This  was  described  by  Say  in 
1824  (Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  IV,  p.  309;  Lee.  ed.  II,  173)  whose 
original  description  follows:  "Blackish,  spotted  with  cinereous;  tho- 
rax with  an  impressed  line,  an  obtuse  tubercle  on  each  side. 

"  Inhabits  the  United  States. 

"  Body  covered  with  short  robust  hairs  or  scales,  brownish-black, 
spotted  and  varied  with  cinereous,  imbricate ;  head,  when  at  rest,  com- 
pletely retracted  within  the  thorax,  somewhat  retuse  between  the  eyes; 
thorax  anterior  margin  abruptly  contracted  into  a  collar;  posterior 


60  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     ^^'°^-  xxviii. 

edge  minutely  dentate;  an  impressed  longitudinal  line  becoming 
canaliculate  towards  the  scutel ;  an  obsolete,  obtuse  tubercle  each 
side  of  the  middle ;  elytra  striate ;  striae  with  scales  concealing  the 
punctures,  interstitial  lines  with  elevated  and  acute  points  partially 
concealed  by  the  scales ;  tip  rounded  and  piceous  on  the  edge ;  anp.1 
segment  black;  feet  rufous;  thighs  mutic. 

"  Var.  a.  A  common  double  abbreviated  line  at  the  base  of  the 
suture. 

"  Length  more  than  one  tenth  of  an  inch. 

"  The  variety  occurs  in  Pennsylvania.  A  different  species,  which 
I  have  named  4-spinosus  inhabits  this  State,  remarkable  for  its  simi- 
larity to  the  accphaliis,  but  it  may  be  immediately  distinguished  by 
the  armature  of  two  upright  spines  on  the  anterior  edge  of  the  tho- 
rax.    (Belongs  Caiiodes.  Lee.)" 

In  New  Jersey  the  overwintering  weevils  appear  during  May  and 
frequent  the  axils  of  the  leaves  where  they  feed.  An  examination  of 
the  small  leaves  at  this  time  will  show  small  notches  where  the  tissue 
was  consumed.  These  notches  become  intensified  as  the  injured 
leaves  develop.  Later  in  the  season  when  the  flower  buds  are  devel- 
oping, eggs  are  evidently  deposited.  As  a  rule  a  bud  contains  only 
one  larva,  rarely  two.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  immature  floral  parts 
until  full  grown,  when  it  leaves  the  bud,  drops  to  the  soil  which 
it  enters  to  a  depth  of  about  one  half  inch  and  pupates,  this  stage 
requiring  about  ten  or  twelve  days.  Infested  buds  do  not  show  any 
outward  indication  of  infestation  except  perhaps  a  very  slight  swell- 
ing. Full-grown  larvae  appear  to  be  most  plentiful  from  the  middle 
of  July  on  through  to  the  last  of  August  and  during  the  last  of 
August  and  first  week  of  September  adults  appear  in  numbers  and 
feed  on  the  developing  heads  of  the  plants,  later  going  into  hiber- 
nation. 

Adults,  however,  can  be  found  throughout  the  entire  season,  part 
of  these  undoubtedly  being  the  overwintering  ones  which  persist  for 
a  long  time,  others  being  those  which  have  developed  from  the  first 
laid  eggs  and  the  remainder  being  later  members  and  stragglers  of 
this  brood.  In  many  instances  it  was  noted  that  partly  or  slightly 
eaten  buds  opened  and  the  larva  would  be  found  attached  to  the 
expanded  petal.  The  larva  was  found  to  be  parasitized  by  a  small 
hyrnenopterous  larva  which  we  were  unsuccessful  in  breeding  to  the 
adult  stage. 


March,  1920.]       DiCKERSOX    &   WeISS  :    EvEXIXG    PrIMROSE   IxSECTS.        61 

Haltica  marevagans  Horn. 

This  blue  flea  beetle  occurs  throughout  New  Jersey  but  is  most 
abundant  in  the  southern  part.  It  feeds  during  both  larval  and 
adult  stages  on  the  foliage  of  primroses,  skeletonizing  the  leaves 
from  either  the  upper  or  lower  surfaces. 

Egg. — Length  1.2  mm.  Width  0.4  mm.  Subcylindrical,  obtusely 
rounded  at  both  ends.  Color  buff  when  first  laid,  becoming  darker 
yellow  and  finally  orange  yellow  just  before  hatching.  Many  eggs 
streaked  lengthwise  with  a  thin  line  of  dark  excrement.  Outer  sur- 
face of  chorion  sculptured  with  slight  subcircular,  contiguous  de- 
pressions with  slightly  tuberculate  elevations  between  them. 

Full  Grown  Larva. — Length  5.8  mm.  Width  1.7  mm.  Ground 
color  olive  to  dark  olive,  which  with  dark  tubercles  cause  some  larvae 
to  appear  almost  black.  Subcylindrical,  somewhat  flattened  ven- 
trally,  tapering  at  both  ends.  Body  surface  finely  shagreened,  bear- 
ing many  tuberculous  spots  of  varying  shapes  and  sizes,  som".  of 
which  bear  one  and  others  two  bluntly  tipped  hairs.  Antennae  short. 
Head  rounded,  lobes  moderately  constricted  posteriorly;  front  with 
a  median,  shallow  depression.  Color  shining  black  except  for  a 
narrow  lateral  spot  including  and  dorsal  to  each  antenna.  Head 
bearing  several  hairs  on  front  and  sides.  Thoracic  plate  covering 
dorsal  surface  of  prothorax  which  bears  a  single  lateral  spot.  Tho- 
racic plate  is  of  same  ground  color  as  other  tuberculous  spots.  Fine 
median  line  divides  thoracic  plate  and  continues  through  median, 
dorsal  tuberculous  spots  of  meso-  and  metathorax.  Median  dorsal 
spots  of  meso-  and  metathorax  similar  to  those  of  abdominal  seg- 
ments. Lateral  to  each  of  these  is  a  single  spot  of  which  the  pos- 
terior one  is  much  the  larger.  Below  these  spots  is  a  longitudinally 
elongated,  spiracular  spot  and  below  this  a  pair  of  spots.  Each 
abdominal  segment  beginning  with  the  first  bears  two  transversely 
elongated,  median,  dorsal  spots  placed  one  behind  the  other,  of  which 
the  anterior  is  the  longer.  Lateral  to  each  of  these  on  each  side  are 
two  somewhat  more  circular  spots  thus  forming  two  transverse  rows 
of  tuberculous  spots  on  the  dorsal  surface.  Below  this  double  row 
on  either  side  is  a  tuberculous  spot  containing  the  spiracle,  below 
which  are  two  other  spots  arranged  transversely.  On  the  last  ab- 
dominal segment,  the  spots  are  united  so  as  to  form  single  dorsal 
and  ventral   spots.     On  each  ventral  abdominal  segment  is  an  elon- 


62  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^oi.  xxviii. 

gated,  median,  transverse  spot  posterior  and  lateral  to  which  is  a 
single  spot.  Ventral  spots  of  thoracic  segments  similar  to  those 
of  abdomen  except  that  the  median  spot  is  rounded  and  that  of  the 
prothorax  is  confluent  with  the  two  others  forming  an  irregular  one. 
Outer  portions  of  legs  dark  brown  except  for  apical  portions  of 
femora  which  are  light;  inner  surfaces  lighter.  Newly  hatched 
larvae  are  somewhat  lighter  in  color  than  mature  ones.  The  same 
spots  are  apparently  present  but  are  not  clearly  defined  and  appear 
more  confluent. 

Pupa. — Length  3.9  mm.  Width  1.75  mm.  Light  yellow.  Sur- 
face bearing  several  acutely  pointed  spine-like  hairs  arising  from 
minute,  darkened  tubercles  and  arranged  as  follows :  Head  bears 
one  at  base  of  each  antenna;  one  at  outer  margin  of  each  eye  and 
one  posterior  and  medianly  to  this.  Prothorax  bears  a  pair  on 
anterior  margin  on  both  sides  of  middle;  three  on  outer  angle  of 
lateral  margin  and  a  pair  of  somewhat  separated  ones  on  posterior 
margin  near  lateral  margin;  also  a  median  dorsal  pair.  Meso-  and 
metathorax  bear  a  single  one  toward  lateral  margin.  Each  abdomi- 
nal segment  bears  on  its  posterior  margin  a  transverse,  dorsal  row 
of  six  spine-like  hairs  (on  some  segments  several  of  these  hairs 
appear  to  be  missing).  Spiracles  dorsal,  prominent,  near  lateral 
margin  of  each  abdominal  segment  beyond  which  is  a  single  hair. 
Extremity  of  abdomen  terminating  in  a  pair  of  short  stout  spines. 
Apices  of  all  femora  bear  a  pair  of  hairs. 

Aditlt. — Haltica  marevagans.  This  was  described  by  Horn  in 
1889  in  his  paper,  "A  Synopsis  of  the  Halticini  of  Boreal  America" 
(Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  226)  and  his  description  fol- 
lows :  "  Oval,  slightly  oblong,  moderately  convex,  deep  blue,  rarely 
slightly  greenish,  shining.  Antenut'e  half  as  long  as  the  body,  ob- 
viously thicker  externally,  piceous,  bluish  at  base,  joint  four  dis- 
tinctly longer  than  third  and  equal  to  fifth.  Head  smooth,  frontal 
carina  scarcely  prominent,  the  tubercles  flat  and  indistinct.  Thorax 
more  than  half  wider  than  long,  sides  arcuately  narrowed  to  the 
front,  margin  very  narrow,  slightly  thickened  at  front  angles,  disc 
convex,  ante-basal  impression  extremely  indistinct,  often  obliterated, 
surface  sparsely,  finely  punctate  near  the  base,  an  oblique  series  of 
coarser  punctures  beginning  at  the  front  angles.  Elytra  a  little 
wider  at  base  than  the  thorax,  humeri  rounded,  umbone  feeble,  a 


March,  1920.]       DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         63 

slight  flattening  within  it,  surface  finely,  but  very  indistinctly  punc- 
tate, not  closely,  smoother  near  the  apex.  Body  beneath  and  legs 
colored  as  above;  abdomen  coarsely,  not  closely  punctate.  Length 
4-4.5  mm, 

"  The  last  ventral  of  the  male  has  a  very  distinct  sinuation  each 
side,  the  middle  lobe  flat,  with  a  deep  longitudinal  impression  ex- 
tending over  half  the  segment  and  ending  abruptly.  In  most  of  the 
collections  examined  this  species  is  labelled  foliacea,  from  which  it 
differs  in  form,  sculpture  and  male  characters.  Occurs  along  the 
sea-coast  region  from  Florida  to  New  Jersey,  and  probably  farther 
north." 

In  Xew  Jersey  the  beetles  appear  during  the  first  part  of  June 
and  deposit  eggs  on  the  leaves  of  primrose.  As  a  rule  these  are 
placed  on  the  lower  surface  in  groups  of  two  or  three,  although  in 
some  few  cases  as  many  as  twelve  were  noted  in  one  batch.  In  a 
few  instances  eggs  were  found  on  the  stems.  The  eggs  are  laid  on 
their  sides  and  glued  to  each  other  and  to  the  leaf.  They  hatch  in 
about  one  week  and  the  larvae  skeletonize  the  leaves  usually  from  the 
under  surfaces.  When  full  grown  they  enter  the  soil  in  which  they 
pupate,  constructing  small  cells  for  this  purpose  about  one  half  inch 
below  the  surface. 

During  the  last  of  July  adults  appear  and  eggs  are  again  depos- 
ited during  the  first  of  August.  The  second  brood  of  larvae  feed 
mostly  on  the  leaves  but  many  of  those  which  mature  late  are  found 
feeding  on  the  small  flower  buds  and  even  on  the  green  seed  cap- 
sules. These  become  full  grown  about  the  last  of  August  and  then 
pupate,  about  two  weeks  being  required  for  this  stage,  the  hiber- 
nating brood  of  beetles  appearing  about  the  middle  of  September. 
On  account  of  the  overlapping  of  the  two  broods  adults  can  be 
found  throughout  the  state  from  June  through  September.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  some  beetles  were  found  in  the  pupal  cells  in  the  soil 
during  the  last  half  of  September,  it  is  quite  probable  that  some  over- 
winter in  such  places. 

Haltica  fuscoaenea  Mcls.  ,    '  ' 

This  species  is  another  flea  beetle  which  appears  to  confine  its 
attacks  to  evening  primrose.  It  occurs  in  various  parts  of  Xew 
Jersey  but  is  especially  abundant  in  the  southern  part.     Its  method 


64  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  xxviii. 

of  feeding  and  habits  are  similar  to  those  of  marevagans  and  very 
often  the  foliage  is  completely  riddled. 

Egg. — Length  0.7  mm.  Width  0.21  mm.  Except  for  its  smaller 
size  it  is  similar  to  the  egg  of  Haltica  marevagans. 

Full  Grown  Larva. — Length  4.5  mm.  Width  i  mm.  Somewhat 
like  that  of  H.  marevagans  in  general  appearance  and  number  and 
arrangement  of  tuberculous  spots.  However,  the  following  differ- 
ences are  to  be  noted:  the  larva  is  smaller;  shagreening  is  finer; 
ground  color  is  lighter,  being  yellowish  green;  the  spots  also  are  of 
a  lighter  brown  and  differ  in  some  cases  in  outline;  the  spiracular 
spot  is  closer  to  the  two  dorsal  lateral  spots  above  it  and  more  in  be- 
tween them;  when  the  spot  below  the  spiracular  spot  is  compared 
with  the  spiracular  spot,  a  greater  difference  in  size  will  be  found  in 
fuscocenea  than  in  marevagans;  the  median  line  dividing  thoracic 
plates  and  median  thoracic  spots  is  wider  in  fuscoccenea  than  in 
marevagans. 

Pupa. — Length  2.8  mm.  Width  1.4  mm.  Light  yellow;  smaller 
than  that  of  marevagans;  spine-like  hairs  on  head  similar  to  those  of 
marevagans;  prothorax  bears  a  single  spine-like  hair  on  posterior 
margin  instead  of  a  pair  as  in  marevagans  and  a  dorsal  pair  anterior 
to  median,  dorsal  pair;  meso-  and  metathorax  bears  a  pair  of  median 
ones  and  a  single  one  each  side  of  these ;  abdominal  hairs  placed 
similar  to  those  of  marevagans;  extremity  of  abdomen  terminating 
in  a  pair  of  stout  spines  which  are  more  elongate  than  those  of  mare- 
vagans and  slightly  incurved  at  the  tips. 

Adult. — Haltica  fuscocrnea.  This  was  described  by  Melsheimer 
in  1847  (Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Ill,  165).  The  following  re- 
description  is  by  Horn  (Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  229)  : 
"  Oblong  oval,  moderately  shining,  olivaceous  green,  antennse  and 
legs  rufotestaceous.  Antennse  a  little  longer  than  half  the  body, 
joints  2-3-4  gradually  increasing  in  length.  Head  finely  alutaceous, 
a  faint  transverse  groove  between  the  eyes  in  which  are  a  few  indis- 
tinct punctures,  frontal  carina  broad  and  obtuse,  the  tubercles  small. 
Thorax  transversely  subquadrate,  very  little  wider  than  long,  not 
narrower  at  apex  than  base,  sides  very  feebly  arcuate,  margin  very 
narrow,  slightly  thickened  at  the  front  angles,  disc  convex,  the  ante- 
basal  impression  fine,  but  moderately  deep,  extending  nearly  from 
side  to  side,  surface  finely  alutaceous  and  with  very  minute  sparse 


March,  1920.]      DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE   InSECTS.        (JO 

punctures.  Elytra  not  wider  at  base  than  the  thorax,  humeri  broadly 
rounded,  umbone  not  distinct,  surface  distinctly  sparsely  punctate 
near  the  base,  smoother  at  apex.  Body  beneath  piceous  with  icneous 
luster;  abdomen  sparsely  punctate.  Legs  rufotestaceous,  the  poste- 
rior femora  piceous  with  jeneous  surface  luster.  Length  .12-.  14 
inch;  3-3.5  mm. 

"  In  the  male  the  last  ventral  is  truncate  at  middle,  a  slight  sinua- 
tion  on  each  side,  the  middle  at  apex  flattened,  the  edge  slightly  re- 
flexed.  This  species  has  rather  the  habitus  of  a  ChcFtocnoita  than 
Haltica  in  general.  The  nearly  square  thorax,  together  with  the 
pale  antennae  and  legs  v\^ill  enable  it  to  be  distinguished  from  polita 
and  all  the  others  of  the  genus.  Occurs  from  ISIassachusetts  to 
Georgia." 

In  New  Jersey  it  occurs  from  ]\Iay  to  September  and  according  to 
Smith  (Ins.  N.J.)  it  is  especially  common  on  evening  primrose  along 
the  shore.  However,  we  have  found  it  also  common  as  far  inland 
as  the  Delaware  River  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state.  It  is  notably 
scarcer,  however,  in  the  northern  sections. 

In  the  southern  counties  it  appears  during  the  first  w'eek  of  ]\Iay 
and  deposits  eggs  on  the  foliage  of  primrose,  usually  on  the  lower 
surfaces.  These  are  placed  as  a  rule  in  groups  of  two  or  three.  The 
eggs  are  yellow  and  covered  with  a  whitish  envelope  which  some- 
times cracks  and  falls  off.  A  similar  covering  is  present  on  the  eggs 
of  viarevagans.  The  life-history  in  fact  appears  to  be  like  that  of 
marcvagans.  About  six  weeks  are  necessary  for  a  complete  life 
cycle.  Adults  appear  about  the  first  of  Alay.  About  the  middle  of 
June  and  again  during  the  first  week  of  August  adults  appear  in 
numbers.  Eggs  are  again  laid  at  this  time  and  the  larvae  when  full 
grown  enter  the  soil  and  pupate.  The  evidence  at  present  points  to 
the  winter  being  passed  in  this  stage.  During  the  summer  pupation 
requires  about  ten  days. 

Other  Primrose  Feeders. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  Prov. 

On  July  15  at  Lakehurst,  N.  J.,  nymphs  and  adults  of  this  leaf- 
hopper  were  observed  on  evening  primrose.  It  is  known  as  the 
clover  leaf-hopper  and  usually  confines  its  attacks  to  clover,  alfalfa, 
cowpeas  and  vetch.     However,  it  is  common  in  meadow  and  pasture 


66  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^oi.  xxviii. 

lands  and  feeds  on  a  number  of  cultivated  and  native  grasses.  Its 
occurrence  on  primrose  at  only  a  single  locality  in  New  Jersey  prob- 
ably indicates  an  accidental  infestation  due  perhaps  to  the  absence 
of  its  favorite  food  plants.  This  species  and  its  control  have  been 
covered  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Gibson  in  a  recent  Farmers'  Bulletin  (Bui. 
737,  U.  S.  D.  A.). 

Thecodiplosis  zauschneriae  Felt. 

Rosette  galls  on  the  heads  of  several  plants  Were  noted  at  Mon- 
mouth Junction,  N.  J.,  on  July  lo  and  itonid  larvee  presumably  of 
this' species  were  taken  from  the  bases  of  the  leaves  of  the  rosette, 
eight  in  one  head  and  five  in  another.  In  no  other  locality  were 
such  rosette  galls  found.  T.  zanschneria:  was  described  by  Felt  in 
1912  (JouRN.  N.  Y./Ent,  Soc,  20:  146-56). 

Plant  Lice. 

According  to  the  ''  Food  Plant  Catalogue  of  Aphididse  of  World," 
Part  V,  by  Dr.  Edith  M.  Patch  (Me.  Ag.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  270,  1918) 
the  following  species  are  listed  under  CEnothera  biennis  L. 

Aphis  gossypii  Glover. 
Aphis  cenotherce  Oestlund. 
Myzus  biennis  Sanborn. 
Myzus  cenotherce  Williams. 
Pemphigus  cenotherce  Williams. 
Siphonophora  sp.  Williams. 

In  New  Jersey  we  have  noted  Aphis  ocnotherce  Oest,  (det.  Dr.  C. 
P.  Gillette  and  L.  C.  Bragg)  early  in  the  season  in  large  numbers 
on  primrose  leaves  and  stems.  Later  in  the'  season  MacrosipJium 
gaiircs  Will.  (det.  C.  P.  Gillette  and  L.  C.  Bragg)  occurred  abundantly 
on  the  stems  and  green  seed  pods.  At  Riverton,  N.  J.,  July  2, 
Paragus  tibialis  was  bred  from  larvae  feeding  on  plant  lice  infesting 
■  primrose.  A  number  of  lady-bird  beetles  were  noted  in  connection 
with  aphis  infestations  and  these  are  treated  under  the  list  of 
Coleoptera. 

Miscellaneous  Species  Found  on  Evening  Primroses. 

Unless  otherwise  noted  the  insects  named  in  the  following  lists 

were  taken  on  the  foliage  of  evening  primrose.     The  few  records 

from  outside  sources  are  followed  by  the  references.     It  is  realized 

of  course  that  many  of  the  species  mentioned  have  no  direct  asso- 


March,  1920.]       DiCKERSOX    &    WeISS  :    EVENIXG    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         67 

ciation   wilh  the   plants  and   are  probably  only   accidental    visitors. 
Further  collecting  would  add  many  names  to  this  list. 

HOMOPTERA. 

Ormenis  pruinosa  Say. 

Palmyra,  VII  29,  N.  J. 
Scolops  sulcipes  Say. 

Arlington,  VII  25,  N.  J. 
Phlepsius  irroratus  Say. 

Fairlawn,  X.  J.,  VII  5. 
Scaphoideus  immistus  Say. 

Eatontown,  VIII  9,  N.  J. 

Hemiptera. 

Euschistus  variolarius  Pal.  Beauv. 

Tuckerton,  X.  J.,  VIII  21. 
Thyanta  calceata  Say.       , 

West  Norwood,  N.  J.,  VII  24. 
Thyrecoris  pulicaria  Germ. 

Springfield,  VII  10;  Arlington,  VII  25,  X.  J. 
Thyrecoris  aterrima  r^lal. 

Arlington.  N.  J.,  VII  25. 
Lygus  pratensis  L. 

Woodbury,  N.  J. 
Ortholomus  longiceps  Stal. 

l-"airlawn,  VII  25;  ^Monmouth  Junction,  VII  8;  Riverton,  Lake- 
hurst.  VII  15,  N.  J.     Widely  distributed,  on  primrose. 
Jalysus  spinosus  Say. 

Riverton,  X.  J.,  August. 
Nabis  roseipennis  Reut. 

Fairlawn,  N.  J.,  VII  8. 
Sinea  diadema  Fab. 

Irvington,  N.  J.,  VII  2. 
Phymata  erosa  L. 

Arlington,  X.  J.,  VII  25. 
Triphleps  insidiosus  Say. 

Princeton  Jc  \'II  2.  X.  T.     Widely  distributed  on  primrose. 
Plagiognathus  politus  Uhl. 

Springfield,  \'II  10;  Riverton.  \'III  20,  X.  J. 


68  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [VoI.  xxviii. 

Resthenia  insignis  Say. 

Lakehurst,  N.  J.,  VII  17. 
Neurocolpus  nubilis  Say. 

Arlington,  N.  J.,  VII  25. 
Poeciloscytus  basalis  Reut. 

Lakehurst,  N.  J.,  VII  17. 
Poeciloscytus  lineatus  Fab. 

Uhlerstown,  Pa.,  VI  11,  seriously  injuring  the  foliage. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Hippodamia  convergens  Guer. 

Woodbury,  N.  J.,  VI  30.  feeding  on  plant  lice. 
Hippodamia  glacialis  Fabr. 

Plainfield,  VII  9,  N.  J. 
Coccinella  novemnotata  Hbst. 

Monmouth  Jc,  N.  J.,  V  30,  feeding  on  plant  lice. 
Adalia  bipunctata  L. 

Nutley,  VII  5,  N.  J. 
Cycloneda  sanguinea  L. 

Lyons,  VIII  4;  Atlantic  Highlands,  VIII  15,  N.  J. 
Coccinella  3-fasciata  L. 

Monmouth  Junction,  VIII  17,  N.  J.,  feeding  on  plant  lice. 
Brachyacantha  ursina  Fabr. 

Irvington,  N.  J.,  VII  12. 
Hyperaspis  undulata  Say. 

Arlington,  N.  J..  VII  25. 
Scymnus  fratemus  Lee. 

Woodbury,  N.  J.,  VI  30. 
Lebia  viridis  Say. 

Riverton,  VIII  20;  Eatontown,  VII  5;  Lakhurst,  VII  25,  N.  J. 
Scirtes  tibialis  Guer. 

Monmouth  Junction.  N.  J.,  VII  15. 
Pyropyga  decipiens  Harr. 

Plainfield,  N.  J.,  VII  9. 
Chauliognathus  marginatus  Fabr. 

Plainfield,  N.  J.,  VII  9. 
Podabrus  rugulosus  Lee. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  V  30. 


March,  1920.]      DiCKERSON    &   WeISS  :    EVENING    PrIMROSE   InSECTS.        69 

Lachnostema  lanceolata  Say. 

Feeding  on  evening  primrose  (W.  P.  Hayes)    (Jour.  Econ.  Ent., 
Vol.  12,  p.  115). 
Anomala  lucicola  Fab. 

Woodbury,   N.  J.,   VI   30;  Uhlerstown;   Pa.,   VI   ii,  plentiful  at 
latter  locality  and  injuring  foliage  considerably. 
Popilia  japonica  Ne\vm. 

Riverton,  N.  J.,  August,  feeding  on  foliage. 
Lema  3-lineata  OH  v. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  V  30;  this  is  the  old-fashioned  potato 
beetle. 
Graphops  marcassitus  Cr. 

Trenton.  V  26;  Rutherford.  VIII  19,  N.  J. 
Graphops  pubescens  Mels. 

Common  throughout  New  Jersey,  May  to  September  on  foliage 
of  evening  primrose.  This  is  one  of  the  strawberry  root  borers. 
Smith  (Ins.  N.  J.)  states  "at  roots  of  evening  primrose"  (CH.), 
but  we  were  unable  to  locate  it  there  in  any  stage,  althougli  it  was 
plentiful  on  the  foliage  and  buds. 
Colaspis  brunnea  Fab. 

Uhlerstown,  Pa.,  VII  8. 
Plagiodera  versicolor  Laich. 

Xew  Brunswick,  X.  J.,  VI  30,  on  primrose  near  willow. 
Diabrotica  12-punctata  Oliv. 

Tuckerton,  X.  J..  VIII  21. 
Galerucella  nympheae  L. 

Monmouth  Junction,  VII-7,  on  primrose  near  water. 
Epitrix  cucumeris  Harr. 

VI   10;  Woodbury,  VI  30;  Princeton,  VI  20,  X.  J.     Feeding  on 
foliage  of  primroses  near  potato  fields. 
Haltica  exapta. 

On  evening  j^rimrose.     (Ins.  Life,  Vol.  3,  p.  26.) 
Haltica  ignita  111. 

Atlantic  Highlands,  N.  J.,  VIII  25.  The  strawberry  flea  beetle. 
According  to  Chittenden  (U.  S.  Bur.  Ent.  Bui.  23,  pp.  70-78)  the 
beetle  also  deposits  eggs  on  the  leaves  of  primrose  and  related  plants 
and  the  larvje  feed  on  the  leaves  and  seed  pods  (Schwarz).  We 
have  not  found  this  species  breeding  on  primrose  in  Xew  Jersey,  but 


70  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^^o'-  xxviii. 

have  found  H.  fuscocrnca,  a  related  species  resembling  ignita,  very- 
abundant  in  places. 
Chaetocnema  denticulata  111. 

Springfield,  N.  J.,,  VIII  12. 
Systena  hudsonias  Forst. 

Trenton,  N.  J.,  V-18. 
Rhipiphorus  dimidiatus  Fabr. 

Palmyra,  N.  J.,  VII  29. 
Phyllotreta  sinuata  Steph. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  VI  10,  feeding  on  foliage. 
Coptocycla  bicolor  Fab. 

Trenton,  V  26,  N.  J. 
Mordella  8-punctata  Fabr. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  VII  18. 
Auleutes  ater  Lee. 

Monmouth   Junction,   N.   J.,   VI   10,   feeding  at  bases   of  young 
leaves. 

Otiorhynchus  ovatus  L.     Trenton,  N.  J.,  VI  26.     The  larva  of  this 
species  is  the  strawberry  crown-girdler. 
Sitones  hispidula  Germ. 

Woodbury,  N.  J.,  VIII  21. 
Gymnetron  teter  Fab. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J..  VI  10,  feeding  in  heads  and  in  axils 
of  leaves. 
Chalcodermus  coUaris  Horn. 

Occurs  on  evening  primrose  in  Illinois    (Hart).      (Rhyn.  N.   E. 
Amer.) 
Tyloderma  aerea  Say. 

Trenton,  N.  J.,  V  26;  Hackensack,  November,  in  rosettes. 
Acanthoscelis  curtus  Gyll. 

Monmouth   Junction,    N.   J.,    VI    10,    feeding   at  bases   of   young 
leaves. 
Ccelogaster  zimmermanni  Gyll.? 

Uhlerstown,  Pa.,  VI  11. 
Madarellus  undulatus  Say. 

Woodbury,  N.  J.,  VIII  21. 
Mecopeltus  scandens  Dietz. 

Anglesea,  N.  J.,  VII  12  (W.)    (Ins.  N.  J.).     Occurs  on  primrose 
(Robinson)   (Rhyn.  N.  E.  Amer.), 


March,  1920.]       DiCKERSOX    &    W'eISS  :    EVENIXG    PrIMROSE    InSECTS.         71 

Lepidoptera. 

Eupithecia  interruptofasciata  Pack. 

New  Brunswick,  X.  J.,  August  2^,  bred  from  larva  found  feeding 
on  foliage  (dot.  \\'.  Schaus). 
Sparganothis  sulfureana  Clem. 

Riverton,    N.    J..    September    19,    bred    from    larva    feeding    on 
primrose. 

Hy.menoptera. 

Monostegia  martini  INTacG. 

Larva  feeds  on  CEuoihcra   (Bui.  22,  Conn.  Geol.  Nat.  His.  Sur. 
Hymen.  Conn.,  p.  47). 
Inastemma  sp. 

West  Norwood,  N.  J.,  VH  24,  taken  on  head  of  evening  primrose 
(det.  A.  B.  Gaban). 
Monomorium  minimum  Emery. 

Riverton,   N.  J..  July  29.   in  flower  buds  which  had  been  partly 
eaten  out  by  other  insects. 
Cremastogaster  lineolata  Say. 

Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.,  August  3. 
Myrmica  scabrinodis  Nylander. 

Arlington,  N.  J.,  VH  25. 
Leptothorax  curvispinosus  j\Iayr. 

Trenton.  N.  J.,  \*I[  i,  in  primrose  stem.     Arlington.  X.  J.,  \'II  25. 
Tetramorium  caespitum  L. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  V  30. 
Tapinoma  sessile  Say. 

West  X'orwood,  X.  J..  \'n  24. 
Prenolepis  imparis  Say. 

Eatontown,  X.  J..  VHI  29;  Atlantic  High..  VHI  15.  N.  J. 
Formica  fusca  Linne  var.  subsericea  Say.^ 

Fairlawn.  VII  5;  Monmouth  Junction,  \'  30.  N.  J. 
Formica  pallide-fulva  var.  fuscata  Emery. 

Atlantic  TTi.':liIand>.  X.  J.,  VIII  16. 
Nysson  plagiatus  Cress. 

Eatontown,  X'.  J..  VITT  20.     Tn  flowers. 
Halictus  cressonii  Rob. 

Lakehurst.  X.  J..  \\\  17.  in  flower. 

1  Identified  by  Dr.  Wheeler. 


72 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     ["^^°'-  xxviii. 


Halictus  ligatus  Say. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  VIII  7,  in  flower. 
Halictus  sparsus  Rob. 

Atlantic  Highlands,  N.  J.,  VIII  15,  in  flower. 
Halictus  illinoisensis  Rob. 

Tuckerton,  N.  J.,  VIII  21,  in  flowers. 
Halictus  pilosus  Cress. 

Tuckerton,  N.  J.,  VIII  21,  in  flowers. 
Agapostemon  virescens  Fab. 

^lonnjouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  VII  7,  in  flowers. 
Melissodes  dentiventris  Smith. 

Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  VII  7,  in  flower. 
Prosopis  cressoni  Ck. 

Caldwell,  N.  J.,  VII  28,  bred  from  cell  in  dry  primrose  stem. 
Stelis  lateralis  Cress. 

Trenton,  N.  J.,  V  18,  in  flowers. 
Bombus  impatiens  Harris. 

Tuckerton,  N.  J.,  VIII-20  in  flowers. 

DiPTERA. 

Paragus  angustifrons  Loew. 

Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  September  i,  emerged  from  puparium  on  prim- 
rose stem  (det.  C.  T.  Greene). 
Sphaerophoria  cylindrica  Say. 

Irvington,  N.  J.,  August  5,  bred  from  larva  feeding  on  plant  lice 
on  primrose  (det.  C.  T.  Greene). 
Eristalis  tenax  Linn. 

Observed  in  various  parts  of  New  Jersey  visiting  flowers  during 
the  fall. 

Statistics  of  Primrose  Insects. 


Feeders  on  or  in 
During  One  or 
More  Stages. 

Flower  Visitors. 

Found  on  Foli- 
age or  Stems, 

Totals, 

Homoptera 

Hemiptera 

Coleoptera 

Lepidoptera 

8 

I 

13 

I 
I 

l2 
10 

I 

4 
15 
32 

9 
2 

12 
16 
45 
13 
20 

Dipteral 

4 

Totals 

37 

II 

62 

no 

1  Parasites  not  included. 


Also  a  feeder. 


March,  1920.]      DiCKERSON    &   WeISS  :   EVEXIXG    PrIMROSE   InSECTS.        73 

Acknowledgments 

We  are  greatly  indebted  to  the  following  persons  for  help  in  the 
preparation  of  this  paper :  to  Mr.  C.  W.  Leng  for  references  to  the 
literature  of  the  Coleoptera  and  identifications  in  this  order,  to  Mr. 
C.  A.  Frost  for  determinations  in  the  Coleoptera,  to  Mr.  H.  G.  Bar- 
ber for  identifying  the  Hemiptera,  to  Mr.  M.  R.  Smith  for  deter- 
mining the  ants,  to  Mr.  August  Busck  and  Mr.  Carl  Heinrich  for 
their  help  with  the  micros  and  other  Lepidoptera,  to  Dr.  C.  P.  Gillette 
and  Mr.  L.  C.  Bragg  in  connection  with  the  plant  lice,  to  Dr.  J. 
Bequaert  in  connection  with  the  Hymenoptera  except  the  parasites, 
and  to  the  specialists  named  in  the  text  who  through  the  courtesy 
of  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  identified  the  dipterous  and  hymenopterous 
parasites.  The  photographs  were  taken  by  Mr.  Erdman  West,  to 
whom  we  are  also  grateful  for  many  miscellaneous  observations  on 
primrose  insects. 


Explanation   of  Plates   I,  II   and  III. 

'A.  Adult,  Celerio  lineata. 
'  B.  Lan-a  of  Celerio  lineata. 

•  C.  Adult,  Rhodophora  florida. 
»  D.  Adult,  Apantesis  arge. 
ȣ.  Adult,  Eiithisanotia  unio. 

•  F.  Adult,  Desmia  funeralis  (after  Strauss). 

,  G.  Primrose  stem  split  lengthwise  showing  winter  cells  of  Mompha   eloisella 

lar\2e.     Third  cell  from  top  shows  the  silken  lining. 
*//.  Enlarged  view  of  I. 
•  /.   Single  larval  cell  of  Mompha  eloisella. 

J,   K.    Primrose   stem    split   showing  larv;e    and   larval   cavities   of    Tyloderma 
foveolata. 
.  L.  .\dult,  Mompha  eloisella. 
M,  N.    Primrose  leaves  showing  feeding  of  Haltica  marevagans  and  Haltica 

fuscocrnea  larvae  and  adults. 
.0.  Swollen  primrose  flower  bud  infested  by  the  larva  of  Mompha  stellella. 
.  P.  Folded  Jirimrose  leaf  containing  pupa  of  Desmia  funeralis, 
Q,  R.     Primrose  flower  buds  in  different  stages  of  development. 
5.  Seed  capsule  of  evening  primrose  in  different  stages  of  development. 


74  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

T,  U.     Dry  seed  capsules  showing  exit  holes  of  Mompha  circumscriptella  and 

Momplia  brevivittella. 
V.   Primrose  stem  during  the  winter  showing  the  dry,  open  seed  capsules. 


STUDIES  IN  RHYNCHOPHORA.     IX.  THE  SEXES  OF 
CONOTRACHELUS  BREVISETIS   CHAMP. 

By  D.  Sharp, 
Brockenhurst,  Engl.\nd. 

The  species  was  described  by  Champion  (Biol.  Centr.  Amer.,  4, 
pt.  IV,  p.  402,  pi.  20,  figs.  14,  14a,  h,  and  c),  who  recognized  it  as 
occurring  in  Guatemala,  Panama  and  Venezuela.  I  have  recently 
received  a  series  from  French  Guiana  which  are  apparently  this 
species;  Mr.  Champion  after  comparison  of  a  pair  of  the  Guiana 
examples  has  decided  that  they  are  the  same  as  the  Central  American 
form.  The  species  is  remarkable  externally  on  account  of  the  last 
dorsal  being  unusually  extended  forwards  on  the  venter,  as  described 
by  Champion,  "  in  the  male  the  pygidium  exposed  and  becoming  ven- 
tral." This  character  induced  me  to  dissect  some  of  my  specimens, 
as  I  have  found  that  unusual  shape  of  the  last  body-segment  in  the 
male  is  usually  accompanied  by  peculiar  conformation  of  the  internal 
sexual  apparatus.  And  on  making  dissection  I  found  so  strange  a 
structure  that  I  forwarded  specimens  to  Mr.  F.  Muir  in  Honolulu. 
He  and  Mrs.  Muir  examined  them  carefully,  and  were  so  good  as  to 
make  drawings,  which  are  reproduced  on  the  plate  accompanying 
this  paper. 

The  male,  figures  2  to  6,  has  the  apex  of  the  median  lobe  deflexed 
so  that  it  is  at  right  angles  with  the  body  of  the  lobe,  the  struts  ms. 
are  very  short.  The  tegmen,  tg.,  is  a  ring,  without  strut,  but  the 
sides  of  the  ring  are  prolonged  as  two  delicate  superior  appendages, 
tgt.,  the  dorsum  of  the  ring  has  only  a  very  slender  connection  with 
the  side  (fig.  3  shows  this  angle  rather  too  robust).  The  body,  ml., 
of  the  median  lobe  shows  a  depression,  mo.,  commencing  before  the 
deflexed    apex   and   continued    for    some    distance   on   the   deflexed 


(JouRX.  N.  V.  Ext.  Soc. 


Vol.  x.wiii.  (Plate  I.) 


PklMKoSl-:    INSECTS. 


loi  KN.   N.   N'.   Km.  Soc.)  \"i..  X.W  111. 


IM.AI1-;   11. 


Mi 


rklMRosj-:    INsIXTS. 


(Joi  R\.   N.  \'.  Km.  Soc.)  \')|-.  XXMii.  (Platic  III.; 


Z^'- 


u' 


PRIMROSK    1\SK(   rs. 


March,  1920.]  ShARP  :     STUDIES     IX     RhYXCHOPHORA.  75 

process;  ventrally  opposite  to  the  median  orifice  is  a  membranous 
bulge,  d.  If  the  median  orifice  be  looked  at  as  perpendicularly  as 
possible,  it  presents  somewhat  the  appearance  shown  in  fig.  4,  which 
shows  a  central  chitin  sclerite,  c,  and  a  median  one,  ta.;  the  latter 
varies  in  appearance  according  to  whether  the  sac  is  greatly  retracted. 
When  the  sac  is  extended  it  is  found  to  be  a  bladder-like  structure 
with  a  lobe  at  its  base ;  this  lobe  consists  of  very  complex  hard  pieces 
partially  shown  in  fig.  6,  and  through  it  runs  the  ejaculatory  duct,  ej., 
opening  on  a  spot  fo.,  in  the  middle  of  this  transfer  apparatus;  this 
spot  is  the  functional  orifice  where  the  sperm  leaves  the  male  struc- 
ture for  transference  to  the  female.  The  extreme  hardness  and  the 
very  complex  shape  of  this  transfer  apparatus  is  unusual  in  the  Cur- 
culionids;  but  in  the  Tomicidse  division  of  the  Scolytidse  there  exist 
very  remarkable  analogous  formations,  the  "  Auf satz  "  of  Lindeman, 
which  I  anticipate,  when  carefully  examined  to  find  the  ejaculatory 
duct,  will  also  be  found  to  bear  the  functional  orifice. 

The  position  of  this  transfer  apparatus  at  the  base  of  the  main 
division,  is.,  of  the  sac  is  also  remarkable,  as  it  is  usually  closely  con- 
nected with  the  wall  of  the  main  sac,  and  placed  more  or  less  at  its 
apex. 

The  shape  and  nature  of  the  transfer  apparatus  differs  greatly  in 
the  various  forms  of  Rhyncophora,  so  that  it  will  be  difficult  to  gen- 
eralize it  for  the  purpose  of  definition  of  the  great  groups,  but  it  will 
be  found  very  important  in  the  case  of  definition  of  genera  and  tribes. 

Much  mystery  at  present  surrounds  the  male  genitalia,  which  is 
a  sign  of  our  ignorance.  We  say  that  as  regards  the  great  modi- 
fications of  the  outer  skeleton  of  an  insect  that  they  are  "  adapta- 
tions." But  no  one  so  far  as  I  am  aware  has  endeavored  to  account 
for  the  great  diversities  we  find  in  the  male  organs.  If  they  are  the 
results  of  "adaptations,"  what  is  the  nature  of  these? 

The  first  idea  that  suggests  itself  is  that  there  will  be  found  to  be 
a  correlation  between  male  and  female  peculiarities,  and  I  believe 
that  this  will  prove  to  be  the  case  to  a  considerable  extent.  Unfor- 
tunately we  know  but  little  of  the  female  structures  in  Coleoptera. 
In  1847  Stein  published  a  very  valuable  work  on  the  subject.  "Die 
weibliche  Geschlectsorgane  der  Kafer,"  Berlin,  and  this  remains  the 
only  general  work  on  the  subject,  but  deals  with  only  3  or  4  Rhynco- 
phora; Niisslin  has  since  given  up  particulars  of  the  structure  of  15 


76  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

or  1 6  forms,  but  they  all  belong  to  the  Scolytidse,  which  is  a  very 
exceptional  and  limited  division  of  the  Rhyncophora  (Zeitschr.  wiss. 
Ins.  biol.,  7,  191 1,  p.  306,  etc.). 

Our  means  of  forming  a  conclusion  on  the  point  I  am  alluding 
to  are  therefore  very  limited,  and  the  question  will  have  to  be  an- 
swered by  concomitant  considerations  of  the  males  and  females  of 
particular  species.  The  female  structures  are  more  difficult  of  inves- 
tigation than  the  male,  and  I  have  paid  comparatively  little  attention 
to  them,  still  I  have  formed  the  opinion  that  there  exists  a  correlation 
of  the  kind  I  have  suggested  and  that  Conotrachelus  offers  an  exem- 
plification of  it. 

Figure  i  gives  a  representation  of  the  female  structure  of  the 
species,  where  ut.  is  the  bursa,  spt.  the  spermatheca  and  ovd.  the 
common  oviduct;  as  regards  the  parts  near  the  anal  aperture  the 
figure  is  diagrammatic,  but  the  other  parts  are  fairly  exact. 

The  sperm  has  to  be  lodged  in  the  spermatheca,  which  is  con- 
nected with  a  long,  slender  duct  to  the  bursa  at  the  spot  where  it 
joins  the  oviduct.  The  sac  in  the  male,  fig.  5,  is.,  enters  the  bursa, 
and  brings  the  functional  orifice  of  the  transfer  apparatus  to  the 
mouth  of  the  duct  of  the  spermatheca;  there  is  thus  formed  a  con- 
tinuous canal  extending  from  the  testes  of  the  male  to  the  sperma- 
theca of  the  female. 

Of  course,  one  swallow  does  not  make  a  summer,  and  one  case  in 
which  we  can  imagine  a  correlation  does  not  show  that  such  a  corre- 
lation is  general,  but  I  may  mention  that  in  the  Celenthetides,  where 
the  male  sac  is  extraordinarily  long  and  slender  (see  Trans.  Ent.  Soc. 
London,  1918,  pi.  IX,  f.  7),  there  is  a  corresponding  elongation  of 
the  female  passages.  It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  these  mem- 
branous parts  are  extremely  elastic  in  both  the  female  and  the  male 
and  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  restore  them  to  their  natural  functional 
shapes. 

But  if  it  be  granted  that  there  is  a  correlation  between  male  and 
female  structures  this  only  increases  our  difficulty  in  understanding 
their  variety  and  complication. 

In  the  primitive  condition,  exemplified  in  Archotennopsis  of  the 
Termitidae  the  female  possesses  a  short  oviduct,  with  a  sperrriatheca 
having  a  very  short  duct,  and  colleterial  glands  having  a  separate 
orifice  on  the  ninth  sternite,  while  the  male  has  no  copulatory  appa- 


March,  1920.]  Sharp :    Studiks   IX    Rhyxchopiiora.  77 

ratus,  except  the  short  muscular  ductus  ejaculatorius.  (Imms., 
Trans.  R.  Soc.  London,  B,  No.  361,  1919.)  It  is  a  long  step  from 
this  simple  condition  to  the  state  we  find  in  the  Riiyncophora,  and 
yet  during-  the  evolution  of  this  complex  condition  a  successful  cor- 
relation is  maintained  between  the  male  and  female  structures,  and 
this  in  spite  of  their  ever-increasing  divergence.  It  would  appear 
at  first  sight  that  it  would  have  been  better  to  retain  the  original  sim- 
plicity of  the  sexual  structures. 

At  present  I  can  see  no  way  to  comprehending  the  great  compli- 
cation of  the  copulatory  structures  that  prevails  in  the  higher  insects, 
and  that  perhaps  reaches  its  greatest  extent  in  the  Lamellicornia  and 
Rhyncophora  in  Coleoptera. 

One  slight  suggestion  may  be  made  as  to  the  complexity  of  func- 
tion of  the  female  portion  of  the  genital  conduit,  for  its  most  impor- 
tant function  is  the  transmission  of  the  egg  to  a  suitable  position  for 
its  successful  development ;  and  it  has  also  to  receive  the  sperm  from 
the  male,  to  preserve  it  in  a  special  receptacle,  and  also  to  fertilize 
each  egg  before  its  extrusion. 

For  each  of  these  purposes  special  structures  exist ;  but  at  present 
we  know  very  little  about  the  functions.  Especially  obscure  is  the 
process  of  fertilizing  the  egg.  The  spermatozoon  has  to  pass  along 
the  duct  from  the  spermatheca  which  is  sometimes  of  extraordinary 
length,  much  longer  than  in  Conofracheliis  hrevisctis,  while  in  other 
cases  it  is  quite  short.     The  function  of  the  bursa  is  also  obscure. 

We  now  know  that  in  some  species  of  Rhyncophora  males  are 
not  known  to  exist  though  females  are  abundant;  hence  partheno- 
genesis undoubtedly  occurs,  and  it  is  clear  that  in  the  history  of  the 
species  the  female  is  more  important  than  the  males,  and  it  seems 
probable  that  in  the  evolution  of  the  structures  under  consideration 
the  female  has  led  the  way,  and  the  male  structures  have  developed 
in  correlation  with  the  changes  in  the  female.  But  as  to  how  this 
necessary  correlation  has  been  brought  about  I  am  unable  to  offer 
any  suggestion  of  real  importance. 

If  this  paper  has  any  value  it  is  chiefly  due  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F. 
Muir  of  Honolulu,  who  made  the  drawings  and  took  considerable 
pains  to  ascertain  difficult  points  of  the  anatomy. 


78  J-ouRNAL  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^oi.  xxviii. 

Explanation  of  Plate  IV. 
Genitalia  of  Conotilachelus  brevisetis  Champion. 

Fig.   I.     The  female  parts:  a,  space  where  the  area  is  somewhat  contracted, 
corresponding  with  the  space  b  in  fig.  5  ;   an,  anal  orifice ;   ovd,  the  common 
oviduct;  spt,  spermatheca  with  its  gland;  ut,  bursa. 
•    Figs.  2,  3,  4,  5  and  6.    The  male  parts. 

Fig.  2.  Profile  of  the  adsegus  with  the  sac  indrawn,  but  with  tegmen 
extended. 

Fig.  3.     Tegmen  dissected  off  the  median  lobe. 

Fig.  4.  Apical  portion  of  the  median  lobe,  showing  median  orifice  for  the 
protrusion  of  the  sac  and  transfer  apparatus. 

Fig.  5.     Apical  portion  of  median  lobe,  profile  with  sac  extended. 

Fig.  6.     Face  of  transfer  apparatus. 

In  figures  2  to  6  the  lettering  is  uniform,  as  follows :  b,  contracted  part  of 
the  sac ;  c,  hinge  or  volet ;  cm,  connecting  membrane ;  d,  membranous  bulge 
accommodating  the  transfer  apparatus  when  the  sac  is  retracted  ;  e,  outer  shield 
of  transfer  apparatus;  ej,  ejaculatory  duct;  fo,  functional  orifice;  is,  the  sac; 
ml,  median  lobe;  mo,  median  orifice;  nis,  strut  of  median  lobe;  ia,  transfer 
apparatus  ;  tg,  tegmen  ;  tgl,  tegminal  lobe. 


THE  TRUE   KATYDID   NEARLY   EXTINCT   IN   NEW 

YORK    CITY. 

By  Wm.  T.  Davis, 
New  Brighton,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

The  true  katydid,  Pferophylla  camellifolia  Fabr.,  is  either  extinct 
or  nearly  so  on  Staten  Island,  a  borough  of  New  York  City.  It  used 
to  be  very  common  there,  and  as  late  as  August  14,  1908,  the  writer 
noted  it  "  quite  numerous  and  very  noisy  in  the  tall  trees  in  the 
Egbertville  ravine"  near  the  central  part  of  the  Island.  There  are 
still  considerable  forested  areas  on  Staten  Island  that  would  seem 
to  be  as  suitable  for  the  insect  as  similar  places  on  Long  Island  and 
in  New  Jersey,  and  indeed  it  used  to  frequent  these  very  same  trees. 
Why  it  has  died  out  is  not  known,  except  ppssibly  the  air  is  no 
longer  as  pure  as  formerly,  for  there  are  now  numerous  factories 
along  Arthur  Kill,  the  smoke  from  which  may  have  affected  the 
foliage  on  which  it  feeds.  However,  it  is  no  longer  present  even  on 
the  ocean  side  of  the  Island.     In  our  investigation  that  carried  us 


(JouRX.  X.  Y.  Ext.  Soc.) 


Vol.  XXVIII. 


(Plate  IV.) 


cin. 


COXOTRACHELUS   BREX'ISETIS  CHAMP. 


March,  1920.]       Davis  :  Truf.  Katydid  Xearly  Extinct.  79 

over  about  fifty  miles  of  the  most  rural  parts,  Mr.  Edward  J.  Burns 
and  I  were  unable  to  hear  any  true  katydids  on  the  warm  nights  of 
September,  1919,  though  the  tree-frequenting  Microccntrum  rhombi- 
folinm  was  present,  as  were  also  the  several  native  species  of  Scud- 
dcria,  Amhlycorypha  and  Ncoconoccphalus. 

It  has  been  shown  by  Dr.  Joseph  L.  Hancock  in  Entomological 
News  for  February,  1916,  that  the  eggs  of  Amhlycorypha  oblongifoUa 
may  not  hatch  until  the  second  or  third  year  after  they  have  been 
laid.  If  those  of  Ptcrophylla  can  remain  dormant  for  a  like  period, 
it  is  possible  that  some  small  colonies  may  still  exist  on  Staten  Island, 
but  we  think  their  presence  unlikely.  While  we  have  not  the  same 
conclusive  evidence  for  other  areas  of  forested  country  lying  in  New 
York  City  as  we  have  for  those  on  Staten  Island,  from  our  observa- 
tions it  would  appear  that  the  true  katydid  is  either  extinct  or  is 
rapidly  becoming  less  common  in  most  localities  within  the  limits 
mentioned.  From  I\Ir.  S.  Harmsted  Chubb  of  the  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History  we  learn  that  about  four  katydids  were  heard 
singing  on  the  evening  of  October  6,  1919,  in  some  tall  trees  a  short 
distance  west  of  Broadway  at  about  255th  Street.  This  locality  is 
near  the  northern  limit  of  Van  Cortlandt  Park.  In  the  collection  of 
the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  there  are  six  specimens 
collected  many  years  ago  at  West  Farms,  New  York  City,  by  John 
Angus.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  true  katydid  is  still  so  common 
on  parts  of  Long  Island,  it  may  possibly  be  found  in  the  eastern  part 
of  one  of  the  boroughs  of  the  greater  city  situated  on  that  island. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  but  six  specimens  of  camelUfolia  are 
preserved  from  Staten  Island,  where  at  one  time  the  species  was  so 
abundant.  Most  of  these  were  found  on  the  trunks  of  trees  after 
storms,  for  when  the  wind  blows  hard  the  katydid  often  descends 
to  the  main  trunk.  They  are  easily  collected  where  the  forest  growth 
is  low,  as  at  Lakehurst,  N.  J.,  for  instance,  by  following  up  the  song 
of  the  male  and  locating  the  insect  with  the  aid  of  an  acetylene  lan- 
tern. Then  if  the  katydid  is  gently  touched  with  a  long  stick,  it  will 
let  go  its  hold  and  fall  to  the  shrubbery  below.  Mr.  George  P.  En- 
gelhardt  and  I  have  thus  collected  many.  The  insect,  however,  will 
not  let  go  its  hold  if  the  trees  are  simply  shaken :  it  has  to  be  touched. 

While  the  true  katydid  does  not  often  frequent  the  tops  of  pitch 
pines,  it  docs  lay  its  eggs  in  the  bark  of  that  tree,  and  we  have  photc- 


80  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 

graphed  a  female  while  so  engaged,  and  seen  a  number  of  others, 
especially  in  the  mixed  woods  of  pines  and  oaks  on  Long  Island, 
N.  Y.  Many  lay  their  eggs  during  the  latter  part  of  September  on 
Long  Island,  and  it  is  then  also  that  the  males  sing  often  in  the 
davtime  when  the  sunshine  is  warmest. 


LEGS  IN  THE  CARABID^. 

By  Howard  Notman, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  coxae  of  the  anterior  and  intermediate  legs  are  globular  in 
form  and  exhibit  the  same  structure  throughout  the  Carabidse.  The 
apex  or  upper  end  of  the  joint,  viewing  the  beetle  as  it  lies  on  its 
back,  contains  a  circular  cavity  which  holds  the  condyle  of  the  tro- 
chanter. Adjoining  this  cavity  on  the  outer  side  is  another  cavity 
or  depression  in  the  outer  face  of  the  coxa.  This  second  cavity 
reaches  the  outer  edge  of  the  joint  and  is  bounded  by  a  more  or  less 
carinate  edge  except  at  the  outer  end  where  the  carina  is  obliterated. 
Where  the  two  adjoin,  the  wall  of  the  central  cavity  is  deeply  emar- 
ginate.  This  structure  gives  the  leg  a  greater  radius  of  transverse 
motion  and  allows  it  to  be  drawn  closer  to  the  body  in  repose. 

The  anterior  and  posterior  edges  of  the  outer  depression  are  not 
similar  in  form.  The  former,  viewed  from  the  front,  is  straight  and 
continuous  with  the  edge  of  the  central  cavity.  The  latter,  viewed 
from  the  opposite  direction,  is  strongly  concave  and  elevated  in  a 
prominent  blunt-pointed  tooth  where  it  joins  the  edge  of  the  central 
cavity.  This  tooth  is  bent  slightly  over  the  condyle  and  strengthens 
the  hold  on  the  latter  at  the  point  where  the  emargination  between 
the  cavities  tends  to  weaken  it.  Considering  this  to  be  a  description 
of  the  anterior  coxae,  the  arrangement  in  the  intermediate  is  exactly 
the  reverse;  that  is,  the  tooth  is  on  the  anterior  edge  and  the  poste- 
rior edge  is  straight.  When  it  is  considered  that  the  anterior  legs 
are  used  chiefly  to  pull  the  beetle  forward  and  the  intermediate  to 
push  it  in  the  same  direction,  the  reason  for  the  opposite  arrange- 
ment  is  explained  and   it   seems   probable  that   the  tooth  not  only 


March,  1920.]  NoTMAN  :     LeGS    IX     THE    CaRABID.E.  81 

Strengthens  the  hold  on  the  condyle  but  also  serves  as  a  fulcrum  in 
the  motion  of  leg.  The  tooth  on  the  intermediate  cox?e  is  not  so 
strong  not  much  more  than  a  distinct  angulation. 

While  the  anterior  and  intermediate  coxae  are  condyles  held  by 
the  sternal  plates;  the  posterior  are  plates,  being  immovable.  The 
upper  surface,  which  is  in  the  plane  of  the  metasternum,  corresponds 
with  the  anterior  surface  of  the  other  pairs;  the  apex  and  outer 
cavity  are  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  body,  and  the  posterior 
edge  of  both  cavities  is  the  suture  between  the  coxae  and  the  first 
ventral  segment. 

The  upper  surface,  called  the  coxal  plate,  is  triangular  in  form 
with  a  rounded  posterior  apex,  covering  the  base  of  the  trochanter 
and  restricting  the  hind  legs  to  a  forward  and  back  motion  like  that 
in  the  swimming  of  a  frog.  The  outer  portion  of  the  coxal  plate 
conjointly  with  the  under  plate  forms  a  point  extending  to  the  outer 
edge  of  the  metasternum  between  the  latter  and  the  first  ventral 
segment. 

The  coxal  or  upper  plate  is  fiat  and  extends  from  the  center  or 
near  the  center  of  the  body  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  metasternum. 
It  is  widest  near  the  inner  edge  and  tapers  rapidly  to  the  outer  ex- 
tremity. In  its  simplest  form  as  found  in  Dyschirins,  Clivina  and 
Bembidhim,  it  has  an  acute  edge  throughout  which  is  margined  on 
the  outer  half.  It  conceals  entirely  the  vertical  under  plate  when 
viewed  from  above.  In  this  form  the  coxae  differ  least  from  the 
anterior  and  intermediate  pairs.  It  is  also  found  in  Opisthius, 
Leistus,  PromecognatJiiis,  the  Pogonini,  four  species  of  Platynus — 
larvalis,  caudatus,  disscctus  and  piisillus,  in  Lcptofrachelus,  Casnonia 
hidoviciana  and  Zacotus. 

In  most  species  of  Carabidae  the  upper  plate  is  narrower  exter- 
nally and  the  under  plate  wider  and  oblique  so  that  the  latter  is  visible 
from  above.  In  Cychrus,  Carahus,  Calosoma,  Galcrita,  Cymindis, 
Helluomorpha  and  Brachyniis  the  plates,  which  are  of  this  type  are 
separated  by  an  entire  carina.  In  general,  however,  the  carina  is 
lacking  on  the  outer  half  of  the  coxae  and  the  plates  are  separated 
by  a  groove,  the  marginal  groove  of  the  upper  plate.  This  groove 
also  is  lacking  on  the  outer  fourth  or  third  in  Anomoglossus,  Brachy- 
lohus,  and  Lachuocrcpis.  In  the  remaining  genera,  including  the 
three  last  named  and  a  few  species  of  Cychrus — hcros.  clcratus.  bi- 


82  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 

carinatns,  Iccontei,  and  Carahtis — vinctns  and  limhatus,  the  outer 
part  of  the  coxae  is  also  flattened  in  part  or  wholly  to  the  plane  of 
the  metasternum  and  ventral  segments;  sometimes  only  the  extreme 
outer  point  as  in  the  species  of  Cychrns  and  Carahus  mentioned  and 
most  of  Pterostichus,  or  a  half  of  the  outward  extension  as  in  the 
subgenus  Poccilus  of  the  genus  Pterostichns,  in  the  subgenera  Amara 
and  Celia  of  the  genus  Amara,  in  the  genera  Loxandrus,  Diplochila 
and  Diccelus;  or  the  whole  of  the  extension  as  in  Chlccnhis. 

In  general  when  the  extension  is  flat,  the  outer  part  of  the  upper 
plate  is  very  narrow,  the  dividing  groove  then  being  close  to  the 
metasternal  suture.  The  extreme  examples  are  found  in  the  genera 
CaUida,  EiiprocHis,  Pinacodcra  and  Onota,  in  which  the  extension 
consists  almost  entirely  of  the  lower  plate.  In  these  genera  and 
Chlcenius,  therefore,  is  found  the  greatest  dissimilarity  in  structure 
and  function  between  the  two  front  pairs  and  the  posterior  pair  of 
coxae. 

Casnonia pcnnsylvanica  and  Casnonia  hidoviciana  show  the  great- 
est dissimilarity  in  the  structure  of  the  posterior  coxse  to  be  found 
in  two  closely  related  species.  In  the  former  the  under  plate  is  very 
oblique  and  slightly  flattened  at  the  outer  end,  in  the  latter  the  under 
plate  is  vertical  and  invisible  from  above. 

In  the  genus  Plochionus  the  groove  on  the  coxal  extension  is  very 
close  to  the  anterior  margin  near  the  middle  of  the  coxa,  but  curves 
away  from  the  margin  at  its  outer  extremity.  This  character  is  also 
found  in  a  greater  degree  in  the  genus  Oodes.  In  Oodes  amaroides, 
amcricanus  and  fluviaUs  the  groove  resembles  that  found  in  Plochio- 
nus. In  Oodes  elegans  the  groove  is  sinuate;  in  cuprccus  the  groove 
is  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle  in  its  outer  half;  in  quatuordecimsfri- 
atns  the  semicircle  occupies  the  whole  of  the  coxal  extension.  No 
known  coxal  structure  could  be  represented  by  this  groove,  which, 
therefore,  seems  to  have  lost  its  character  as  an  indicator  of  struc- 
ture and  become  merely  sculptural  ornamentation,  a  fact  which  de- 
notes a  remote  ancestry  for  the  genus. 

The  trochanters  of  the  anterior  and  intermediate  legs  like  the 
coxae  are,  with  one  known  exception,  invariable  in  form.  They  are 
short,  connate  with  the  femur  and  joined  obliquely  with  it,  their 
lower  edge  being  prolonged.  The  apices  are  supported  by  short 
prominences  in  the  basal  edge  of  the  femur.  The  joint  is  nearly 
rigid. 


March,  19^0.]  XoTMAX  :     LeGS     IN     THE    CaRABID.E.  83 

In  the  posterior  trochanters  the  prolongation  is  much  greater  and 
free  from  the  femur  at  its  apical  end.  In  Omophron  and  the 
Cychrini  it  is  short,  about  one  fittli  the  length  of  the  femur,  oval  in 
form,  with  a  strongly  rounded  end.  In  the  remaining  Carabinre,  ex- 
cepting the  Scaritini,  it  varies  from  two  sevenths  to  one  third.  In 
the  Scaritini  it  is  larger.  In  Ardistomis  only  is  it  as  small  as  one 
third.  In  the  other  genera  it  varies  from  three  sevenths  to  one  half 
the  length  of  the  femur.     In  Scarites  the  apex  is  acute. 

In  the  Harpalinse  bisetosse  it  varies  from  one  fifth  in  Platynus 
candatus  to  four  fifths  in  the  male  of  Patrohus  calif o miens,  in  which 
species  it  is  very  acutely  pointed.  It  is  also  acutely  pointed  in 
Patrobus  otcrrimus.  Elsewhere  in  the  subfamily  it  varies  from  one 
quarter  to  one  third.  In  Oodes  americamis,  however,  it  is  three 
sevenths  the  length  of  the  femur.  In  the  Harpalinse  unisetosse  the 
trochanters  are  longer,  three  sevenths  to  one  half  in  the  majority. 

The  femora  vary  in  size  and  sliape,  not  only  among  the  species 
but  also  in  the  three  pairs  of  an  individual,  for  the  anterior  femora 
are  the  shortest  and  stoutest  and  the  posterior  the  longest  and  most 
slender.  This  difference  in  the  three  pairs  is  always  distinct  but  is 
less  in  such  narrow  elongate  species  as  Pterosfichus  angnstus  or 
Zacotns  matthcwsii.  In  the  Cychrini,  excepting  the  genus  Sphccro- 
dcnis,  the  legs  are  very  slender  and  even  in  thickness.  Elsewhere 
the  posterior  femora  are  not  only  more  slender  but  also  more  clavate 
in  form. 

In  a  large  proportion  of  the  species  the  femora  are  grooved  for 
the  reception  of  the  tibicX  when  drawn  in  to  the  body.  The  grooves 
are  always  strongest  at  the  apical  end  and  are  often  confined  to  the 
apical  one  third  or  one  half.  The  natural  expectation  would  be  to 
find  the  grooves  strongest  in  those  species  with  short,  stout  legs. 
This  is  not  always  the  case,  however.  In  Promccognathus  the  ante- 
rior femora  are  stout  and  ungrooved;  in  Pasiiiiacliiis  the  anterior 
femora  are  very  stout  and  the  grooves  are  very  faint;  on  the  other 
hand,  in  the  closely  allied  genus  Scarites  the  grooves  are  strong. 
In  the  slender  legged  genus  Nebria  the  species  ovipcnnis,  mctalliea 
and  their  allies  have  the  femora  strongly  grooved,  but  in  the  species 
pallipcs,  sahlbcrgi  and  their  allies,  the  femora  are  ungrooved.  In 
Ptcrostichus  the  femora  are  stout  and  strongly  grooved;  in  Amara 
the  femora  are  somewhat  less  stout  but  no  less  stronglv  grooved. 


84  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  xxviii. 

In  Amara  ohesa  the  anterior  edge  of  the  grooves  on  the  anterior 
femora  is  sharply  carinate  from  the  apex  for  about  four  fifths  the 
length  of  the  joint;  the  posterior  for  one  quarter  only.  In  Badistcr 
pulchellus  the  anterior  carina  is  still  stronger  and  entire,  ending  on 
the  center  line  of  the  joint.  Unequal  carination  of  the  edge  of  the 
grooves  is  also  found  in  Loxandrns  and  Diplochila.  In  the  males  of 
Chlccnius  laticollis  the  anterior  caringe  of  the  anterior  femora  end 
in  a  prominent  acute  tooth  at  less  than  one  quarter  from  the  base. 
The  tooth  is  on  the  center  line  of  the  joint.  The  posterior  carinae 
vanish  a  short  distance  in  front  of  the  tooth.  In  the  males  of 
Chlccnius  prasimis  the  edges  of  the  grooves  are  not  carinate;  there 
is,  however,  a  short,  obtuse  tooth,  whose  apex  is  carinate  at  about 
one  third  from  the  base.  This  tooth  is  not  on  the  center  line  but 
anterior  to  it,  on  the  edge  of  an  evenly  outlined  groove.  In  Chlccnius 
ruficauda,  also,  the  edges  of  the  grooves  are  not  carinate.  In  the 
males  of  this  species  there  is  a  short,  acute  tooth  at  one  fourth  from 
the  base,  situated  as  in  prasinus.  In  Nehria  ovipennis  both  edges 
of  the  anterior  femoral  grooves  are  carinate  and  vuiite  in  a  distinct 
point  at  about  one  fourth  from  the  base;  in  the  closely  allied  Nehria 
gehleri  both  edges  of  the  grooves  are  strongly  carinate  and  entire 
to  the  basal  margin,  where  they  do  not  unite.  In  Pachyteles  tes- 
taceiis,  a  small  species  placed  in  the  tribe  Nomiini,  there  is  a  large, 
very  acute  tooth  on  the  anterior  edge  of  the  femoral  groove,  about 
two  fifths  from  the  apex.  Between  the  tooth  and  the  apex  the  edge 
is  not  carinate.  There  is  a  strong  carina,  however,  from  the  tooth 
to  the  base  of  the  joint,  which  is  continuous  with  the  strongly  com- 
presso-carinate  trochanter,  the  only  instance  known  of  a  modification 
in  the  form  of  the  latter. 

The  most  important  structural  modification  in  the  form  of  the 
tibiae  is  found  in  the  interior  groove  of  the  anterior  pair.  In  the 
Cychrini  there  is  a  long  straight  groove  on  the  interior  face,  evanes- 
cent toward  the  base  and  widest  and  deepest  at  the  apical  margin 
between  the  two  spurs.  In  Nehria  sahlhergi,  Leistus  ferrugineus  or 
Calosoma  calidnm,  the  groove  is  not  straight,  but  curved  apically 
against  the  posterior  spur,  which  is  slightly  higher  on  the  tibia  than 
the  other  spur.  The  curve  in  the  groove  is  still  more  pronounced 
in  the  genus  Blethisa,  and  the  groove  instead  of  terminating  on  the 
apical  margin  of  the  tibia  as  in  Cychrus,  terminates  in  the  lateral 


March,  1920.]  XoTMAN  :     LeGS     IN     THE    CaRABID.E.  85 

margin,  producing  an  emargination  therein.  In  these  genera  and 
all  the  genera  in  which  this  emargination  is  strong,  the  posterior  spur 
is  found  some  distance  above  the  apex:  in  Thalpiiis  pygmcciis  near 
the  middle;  in  Dyschirius  tridentatus  nearer  the  base  than  the  apex. 
In  the  remarkable  genus  Metritis,  however,  the  posterior  spur  is 
terminal,  although  the  groove  is  curved  into  the  lateral  margin  and 
produces  an  emargination  therein;  and  on  the  other  hand,  in  Omo- 
phron,  although  the  groove  is  straight  as  in  the  Cychrini,  the  poste- 
rior spur  occupies  a  strongly  ante-apical  position.  In  Pasimachiis 
the  groove  is  replaced  by  a  hemispherical  excavation,  which  cuts  the 
lateral  margin  close  to  the  apex,  between  the  base  of  the  tarsi  and 
the  posterior  spur,  which  is  slightly  ante-apical.  In  Scarites  the 
excavation  becomes  an  oblique  transverse  groove  cutting  both  lateral 
margins  of  the  joint.  In  this  form  it  is  found  throughout  the  sub- 
family Harpalinae. 

The  tibise  are  always  thicker  at  the  apex  than  at  the  base;  some- 
times only  slightly  so  as  in  Omophron  or  Brachynus;  sometimes 
suddenly  thicker  at  the  apex  as  in  the  Scaritini,  the  genus  Ptero- 
sticlms,  or  the  Dapti.  The  anterior  pair  are  always  thicker  and 
shorter  than  the  posterior. 

Although  the  anterior  pair  are  often  strikingly  modified  with 
teeth  and  apical  prolongations,  as  in  the  Scaritini  and  Dapti,  the 
intermediate  tibise  in  the  majority  of  the  genera  are  the  most  strongly 
modified  with  secondary  sculptural  ornamentation  in  the  form  of 
grooves,  carinas  and  spines. 

In  the  intermediate  and  posterior  tibiae,  some  traces  of  a  row  of 
spines  on  each  side,  often  accompanied  by  a  distinct  carination,  is 
always  found,  excepting  possibly  in  Casnonia,  Ziiphium,  Thalpius, 
Ega  and  Brachynus.  On  the  exterior  faces  of  these  tibise  is  rarely 
found  a  simple  longitudinal  groove,  stronger  on  the  intermediate,  as 
in  Leistus  ferrugineus.  In  Nehria  ovipennis  and  mefallica  this 
groove  is  found  on  the  intermediate  tibiae  only,  and  is  open  at  the 
apex.  In  Platymts  rcflcxus  a  weak  groove  is  found  on  the  inter- 
mediate tibiae  only;  it  is  placed  near  the  middle;  in  the  closely  related 
Platynus  brunneomarginatns  intermediate  and  posterior  tibiae  are 
both  grooved,  the  groove  extending  nearly  to  the  apex.  In  Callida 
viridipcintis  there  are  weak  grooves  near  the  apex  on  both  pairs  of 
tibiae.     The  grooves  are  most  strongly  developed  in /'/(7/_vH».y/»"t'&nV. 


86  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [^'°'-  xxviii. 

In  place  of  the  grooves,  the  intermediate  and  posterior  tibiae  may 
have  a  central  longitudinal  carina  as  in  Galerita  dccipiens  and  in 
Badister  piilchellus;  in  v\diich  case,  the  crest  usually  carries  a  row 
of  coarse  punctures  bearing  spinules.  In  Lebia  grandis  the  exterior 
faces  are  compresso-carinate  and  the  crest  carries  such  a  series.  .In 
HelliioDiorpha  bicolor  the  whole  tibia  is  compressed  and  the  narrow 
external  edge  is  sharply  and  deeply  grooved.  These  grooves  are 
open  at  the  apex.  The  carinate  edges  are  spinulose-punctate,  more 
strongly  in  the  intermediate  pair.  In  the  intermediate  pair  the  punc- 
tures are  exactly  on  the  crest;  in  the  posterior  pair  they  are  more  on 
the  outer  side  of  the  carinse.  In  Philophnga  viridicollis  both  pairs  of 
tibise  are  grooved,  but  the  limiting  carinse  are  indistinct  and  the 
grooves  are  not  open  behind.  The  row  of  punctures  on  both  pairs 
in  this  species  are  slightly  off  the  crests.  In  Tetragonoderus  fas- 
ciatits  a  row  of  spine-bearing  punctures  is  found  in  an  anterior  posi- 
tion on  the  intermediate  tibise,  though  no  groove  is  present.  The 
corresponding  posterior  row  is  less  numerous  or  entirely  absent.  In 
Pterostichus  stygicus,  coracinus  and  mocstus  there  is  a  row  of  three 
or  four  large  punctures  on  the  apical  third  of  the  intermediate  tibise. 
These  are  not  on  the  center  line  but  slightly  anterior  in  position. 

The  antero-exterior  apical  margin  of  the  intermediate  tibise  in 
Harpalus,  Chlcrnius,  Calosoma  or  Cychnis  bears  a  fringe  of  close-set 
spinules.  In  a  male  Platymis  angusfatns  or  a  male  Pterostichus 
ater  this  fringe  is  strongly  arcuate,  concave  to  the  margin.  The 
fringe  does  not  mark  an  emargination,  however,  for  the  apex  is 
entire  beneath  the  fringe.  In  a  male  of  Pterostichus  lucuhlandiis 
the  feature  is  most  strongly  developed.  In  that  species  it  is  further 
removed  from  the  apex,  straight  and  free  at  both  ends.  In  the 
males  of  the  subgenus  Cyrtonotus  of  the  genus  Amara  the  interior 
face  of  the  intermediate  tibise  is  dentate  or  bisinuate;  in  the  males 
of  the  genus  Discoderns  the  tibise  are  strongly  arcuate  and  denticu- 
late within. 

The  tarsi  in  the  Carabidse  are  five-jointed  and  the  last  joint  bears 
two  claws  at  its  apex.  The  first  joint  is  always  the  longest,  but  in 
the  Harpalinse  unisetosse  the  difference  between  the  first  and  second 
joints  is  sometimes  not  very  great.  In  Onota  floridana,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  first  joint  of  the  posterior  is  equal  in  length  to  the  next 
four.     The  tarsi   of  the  posterior   legs  are   always  the  longest  and 


March,  1920.]  XOTMAX  :     LeGS    IN     THE    CaRAEID-I:.  87 

those  of  the  anterior  the  shortest.  In  the  majority  of  the  species 
the  first  joint  is  equal  in  length  to  the  next  two  or  three.  The  first 
is  always  wider  at  the  base  than  the  others.  The  joints  of  the  ante- 
rior tarsi  are  more  or  less  flattened  and  triangular  in  form  and  the 
joints  of  the  posterior  more  or  less  cylindrical,  excepting  the  tribe 
Dapti  and  the  genus  Agonodcrus. 

The  fourth  joint  throughout  the  family  is  rarely  more  than 
slightly  longer  than  wide,  even  in  such  long-legged  species  as  Scaphi- 
notus  angusticolUs,  Platynus  caiidatus  or  Platynus  angustatus.  The 
genera  Laclinocrcpis  and  Oodcs  are  exceptions.  The  legs  in  these 
genera  are  only  moderately  long,  yet  the  fourth  joint  is  distinctly 
elongate.  In  the  subfamily  Carabinae,  except  in  the  genus  Prome- 
cognathus  and  the  Harpalid  genera  Nomiiis,  Psydrus,  Morio,  Bem- 
hidinm,  TacJiys  and  Trechns,  the  fourth  tarsal  joint  is  not  emarginate 
at  apex.  In  the  remaining  genera  the  fourth  joint  at  least  is  always 
more  or  less  emarginate.  In  Agonodenis  the  fourth  joint  of  the 
anterior  tarsi  only  is  emarginate,  but  usually  the  fourth  joint  of  the 
posterior  tarsi  is  not  perceptibly  less  emarginate  than  that  of  the 
anterior. 

In  the  males  of  the  genus  Ptcrostichiis  the  first  joint  of  the  ante- 
rior tarsi  is  nearly  as  strongly  emarginate  as  the  fourth  and  the  third 
is  the  least  sti^ongly  emarginate.  Elsewhere  the  third  joint  is  some- 
times very  slightly  emarginate  in  addition  to  the  fourth,  but  the 
second  and  first  are  always  truncate.  In  many  genera  of  the  Lebiini 
and  the  genus  Stenolophus  the  fourth  joint  is  bilobed;  in  Stcnolophus 
only  in  the  anterior  and  intermediate  legs. 

In  the  males  of  most  of  the  genera  of  the  family,  the  anterior 
tarsi  have  one  or  more  dilated  joints  bearing  squamulose  hairs  be- 
neath. In  Omophron  the  first  joint  only  is  dilated.  In  Bemhidiiim 
and  Tachys  the  first  two  Joints  are  dilated.  In  most  of  the  genera 
the  first  three  joints  are  dilated.  In  Tachycellus  the  first  dilated 
joint  is  slightly  narrower  than  the  second;  in  Anisodactylus  it  is  still 
narrower;  in  the  other  genera  the  first  is  equal  in  width  to  or  wider 
than  the  second  joint.  In  the  tribe  Dapti  and  the  genus  Agonoderus 
the  anterior  tarsi  are  similar  in  both  sexes.  In  the  Cychrini,  omit- 
ting the  genus  Sphccroderus,  and  in  the  genus  Platynus  the  anterior 
tarsal  joints  of  the  male  are  very  slightly  dilated. 

In  the  genera  Bcmhidium,  Tachys  and  Loxandrus  the  inner  angles 


88  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  xxviii. 

of  two  or  three  of  the  dilated  basal  joints  are  toothed  or  prolonged. 
In  these  species  the  squamules  beneath  are  arranged  symmetrically 
with  the  axis  of  the  leg.  In  Galerita  the  angles  are  similarly  pro- 
longed and  the  two  series  of  squamules  beneath  are  directed  toward 
the  prolonged  angle.  The  structure  is  similar  in  Lebia  grandis,  but 
in  Lebia  pulchella  and  furcata  the  joints  are  symmetrical,  yet  in  these 
species  also  the  double  series  of  squamules  is  directed  toward  the 
inner  angles  of  the  joints. 

Although  the  intermediate  tibise  are  more  strongly  sculptured  than 
the  posterior,  yet  the  reverse  is  the  case  in  the  tarsi.  The  sculpture 
of  the  tarsi,  which  is  found  in  a  few  genera  only,  consists  of  longi- 
tudinal grooves,  sometimes  with  an  intervening  carina.  These  are 
most  highly  developed  in  Platynus  funebris,  in  which  all  the  tarsal 
joints  on  the  three  pairs  of  legs  are  strongly  grooved.  Usually  the 
anterior  tarsi  are  ungrooved.  In  Pterostichiis  hicublandns  all  the 
tarsal  joints  of  the  posterior  legs  are  grooved,  but  only  the  first  three 
on  the  intermediate  legs.  In  Pterostichiis  ma^stns  or  patrnelis  the 
first  three  joints  of  the  posterior  tarsi  are  grooved  and  the  first  two 
of  the  intermediate.  However,  when  only  the  first  or  the  first  and 
second  joints  of  the  posterior  tarsi  are  grooved,  the  same  are  grooved 
on  the  intermediate.  In  Pterostichiis  coracimis  the  first  two  joints 
are  grooved  on  both  pairs;  in  Amara  subcvnea  the  first  one  only. 

The  anterior  trochanter  and  femur  have  setae  bearing  punctures 
on  them  which  are  often  arranged  in  a  distinct  order.  The  tro- 
chanter invariably  carries  one  seta  on  the  under  side  near  the  femoral 
joint.  The  setae  on  the  femur  are  usually  disposed  in  longitudinal 
rows,  often  more  or  less  irregular  or  indistinct.  They  are  most 
strongly  developed  in  the  genus  Calosoma.  In  that  genus  there  is 
a  longitudinal  row  of  setse-bearing  punctures  on  the  anterior  and 
posterior  faces  a  little  below  the  middle.  The  rows  are  about  equal 
in  numbers,  varying  from  nine  to  twenty-nine.  The  row  on  the 
posterior  face  is  continuous.  It  starts  at  the  basal  edge  of  the 
femur.  The  row  on  the  anterior  face  is  interrupted  at  about  the 
basal  one  fourth.  The  punctures  between  the  break  and  the  basal 
edge  are  usually  four  or  five  in  number  and  are  arranged  in  an 
irregular  group.  An  irregular  group  is  rarely  found  on  the  other 
side  of  the  break  at  the  basal  end  of  the  row.  In  Pasimachns  there 
is  an  irregular  group  of  about  six  punctures  on  the  anterior  face 


March,  19^0.]  XOTMAN  :     LeGS     IX     THi:     CaRAUID.Ii.  89 

near  the  apex ;  on  the  posterior  face  there  are  one  or  two  large  punc- 
tures very  close  to  the  l)asal  edge.  These  latter  punctures  are  found 
in  Scarites,  DyscJiirius,  Clivina  and  Aspidoglossa.  In  Anisodactylus 
piccus  there  is  an  irregular  group  of  eight  to  ten  punctures  near  the 
apex  on  the  anterior  face.  In  other  species  of  Anisodactylus  there 
is  a  more  or  less  distinct  transverse  row  of  three  to  four  in  this  posi- 
tion.    In  Cratacanthus  the  row  is  more  distinct. 

In  Clivina,  Aspidoglossa  and  Schizogcnins  there  is  one  large 
puncture  at  the  middle  of  the  posterior  face. 

In  most  of  the  genera  the  punctures  of  the  posterior  face  are  the 
more  distinct.  They  are  one  at  ahout  the  basal  fourth  at  or  below 
the  middle;  one  at  the  middle  at  or  near  the  lower  edge;  one  at  the 
apical  fourth  at  or  above  the  middle. 

In  Calatluis  and  a  number  of  genera  in  the  Lebiini  the  tarsal 
claws  are  ])ectinate  or  serrate  and  in  Sclii:zogcnius  there  is  an  ap- 
pendage between  the  claws  which  may  be  comparable  to  similar 
appendages  in  other  orders  of  insects. 

The  anterior  or  terminal  spurs  of  the  anterior  tibice  exhibit  modi- 
fications in  form  in  a  number  of  the  genera.  They  are  slender  and 
frequently  straight  in  Bcmhidinm,  but  elsew^here  are  more  often 
thickened  at  base  with  a  curved  acuminate  apex.  In  O'odes  cuprccns 
or  elegans  the  apex  is  strongly  curved.  In  some  species  of  Aniso- 
dactylus and  Amara  the  spurs  are  trifid;  in  other  species  of  Aniso- 
dactylus they  are  dilated  at  base;  and  in  others  they  are  simple, 
moderately  slender  and  nearly  straight.  In  the  Lebiini  the  spurs  in 
the  genera  Cyniindis  and  Apencs  are  moderately  large;  in  Tetra- 
gonoderus  and  Nemotarsns  they  are  long  and  slender;  in  the  other 
genera  they  are  very  small  and  straight.  They  are  also  straight 
and  slender  in  Brachynus. 


MISCELLANEOUS   NOTES. 

Necrophorus  Guttula  Motsch  and  its  color  Varieties. — In  his 
"Monograph  of  the  North  American  Silphidre,"  published  in  Trans. 
American  Entomo,  Soc,  Vol.  VIII,  October,  1880,  page  232.  Dr. 
George  Horn  says  regarding  Necrophorus  guttula  Motsch.  "  The 
color  of  the  elytra  is  extremely  variable  in  this  species,  in  the  typical 


90  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  xxviii. 

form  {gutHila)  the  elytra  are  entirely  black,  excepting  a  small  sub- 
humeral  red  spot.  ...  A  variety  of  this  form  also  occurs  with  a 
red  spot  on  the  elytra  posteriorly."  As  this  variety  is  at  present 
unnamed  and  hence  may  cause  confusion,  I  propose  for  it  the  name 
Van  Dykei,  in  honor  of  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Van  Dyke,  who  first  sent  me 
specimens  of  this  insect.  Another  form  not  previously  described 
also  occurs  with  four  red  spots  on  the  elytra,  two  on  each  elytron. 
For  this  form  I  propose  the  name  quadriguttata  to  distinguish  it 
from  hecate  Bland,  the  form  with  banded  elytra. — John  W.  Angell. 


PROCEEDINGS   OF  THE  NEW  YORK  ENTOMO- 
LOGICAL SOCIETY. 

Minutes  of  December  i6. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held 
in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  at  8:00  P.M.,  on  December  16, 
1919,  President  L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with  fifteen  members  present. 

Mr.  Leng  presented  a  photograph  of  Dr.  David  Sharp. 

Mr.  Comstock  read  a  paper  "  Notes  on  Lepidoptera  "  which  will  be  printed 
elsewhere. 

Mr.  Davis,  under  the  title  "  Notes  from  Virginia,"  recalled  his  visit  in 
June,  1919,  to  the  home  of  Col.  Wirt  Robinson,  at  Wingina,  and  the  pleasant 
rambles  they  had  together  through  Nelson  and  Buckingham  counties.  Mingled 
with  recollections  of  the  people  they  had  met  and  the  general  natural  history 
they  observed  were  many  entomological  notes.  Among  the  beetles  seen  were 
Ptosima  gibhicollis  on  red-bud,  Prionus  laticollis  active,  though  a  quarter  of 
her  abdomen  was  gone,  Cicindela  unipunctata  along  a  path  in  the  woods, 
Phengodes  larva  eating  a  millipede  and  Arthromacra  robinsoni,  which,  Mr. 
Davis  noted,  appears  to  have  a  very  limited  distribution ;  among  the  butter- 
flies were  Chlorippe  celtis,  Papilio  turnus  black  variety  and  very  large,  and 
Eudamus  cellus,  found  almost  exactly  where  it  occurred  in  191 7.  On  June  27 
the  first  specimens  of  Cicindela  rufiventris  were  seen.  This  constitutes  a  defi- 
nite date  of  appearance  as  the  species  had  been  diligently  sought  on  previous 
dates.  Of  the  cicadas,  Mr.  Davis  noted  Tibicen  pruinosa,  T.  lyricen,  T.  sayi, 
T.  davisi  and  the  Orthopteron,  Atlanticus  davisi,  so  that  both  he  and  Col.  Rob- 
inson were  catching  namesakes.  He  had  interesting  experiences  also  in  cours- 
ing honeybees  and  in  capturing  dragonflies  including  the  rare  species  Neuro- 
cordiilia  obsoleta.  Mr.  Davis  illustrated  his  account  of  his  visit  by  maps, 
photographs  and  four  large  boxes  of  the  insects  of  all  orders  that  he  had 
captured. 


March,  19^0.]  PROCEEDINGS     OF     THE     SOCIETY.  91 

Mr.  Burns  contributed  the  following  note  on  a  Diopsid  Fly  on  Staten 
Island :  Sphyracephala  brevicornis  Say  has  been  taken  in  a  number  of  locali- 
ties, but  every  occurrence  of  this  rare  fly  should  be  noted.  One  specimen  was 
taken  near  Richmond,  S.  I.,  New  York,  on  May  22,  19 19,  by  sweeping  skunk 
cabbage  along  the  borders  of  a  brook. 

Minutes  of  January  6. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held 
at  8:00  P.M.,  on  January  6,  1920,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, President  L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with  seventeen  members  and  two 
visitors,  Mr.  E.  A.  Chapin  and  Miss  Campbell,  present. 

The  Nominating  Committee  reported  the  following  nominations  for  officers 
for  1920:  President,  L.  B.  Woodruff;  Vice-President,  J.  D.  Sherman,  Jr.; 
Secretary,  Chas.  W.  Leng ;  Treasurer,  Wm.  T.  Davis ;  Librarian,  Frank  E. 
Watson;  Curator,  A.  J.  Mutchler;  Executive  Committee,  H.  G.  Barber,  Jos. 
Bequaert,  Geo.  P.  Engelhardt,  H.  B.  Weiss,  C.  E.  Olsen  ;  Publication,  Howard 
Notman,  W,  P.  Comstock,  F.  E.  Lutz,  Chas.  Schaeffcr;  Delegate  to  Neiv  York 
Academy  of  Sciences,  W.  T.  Davis.  There  being  no  other  nominations,  the 
Secretary  was  instructed  to  cast  one  affirmative  ballot. 

Letters  from  W.  C.  Dukes,  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  Rev.  H.  I.  J.  Bodley,  of 
Australia,  were  read. 

Dr.  Howard's  election  as  president  A.  A.  A.  S.  was  noted,  also  his  election 
as  president  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America. 

A  photograph  of  Mr.  Woodruff  was  presented. 

Dr.  Bequaert  spoke  on  "  Predaceous  Enemies  of  Ants,"  including  other 
insects,  toads,  birds,  mammals,  showing  specimens  and  photographs.  His  paper 
will  later  be  printed  in  full. 

It  was  discussed  by  Messrs.  Comstock,  Hallinan,  Davis  and  Weiss. 

Mr.  Leng  read  some  extracts  from  the  Bulletin  of  the  Entomological  So- 
ciety of  France,  of  50  years  ago,  showing  similarity  between  their  meetings 
and  our  own. 

Mr.  Chapin  spoke  of  there  being  possibly  too  much  importance  attached 
to  human  tastes  in  studying  insects,  for  it  was  rash  to  assume  that  our  tastes 
and  those  of  insects  were  identical. 

Mr.  Woodruff  exhibited  Telephorus  carolinus  and  the  newly  described  al- 
lied species  T.  neglectus  Fall,  pointing  out  the  differences  in  size  and  antennal 
structure.     The  specimens  of  neglectus  came  from  L.  L 

Minutes  of  January  20. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held 
at  8  :oo  P.M.,  on  January  20,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
President  L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with  seventeen  members  and  three 
visitors  present,  including  Professor  H.  C.  Fall. 

Mr.  .•Kdolf  Rccht,  430  E.  67th  St..  was  elected  a  member. 


92  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t'^'o'-  xxviii. 

Mr.  Bischoff  exhibited  his  collection  on  the  genera  Phytonomus  and 
Ceutorhynchus,  calling  attention  especially  to  his  capture  of  Phytoywmus 
exitnius  at  Caldwell,  N.  J.,  where  it  was  abundant  on  leaves  of  water  dock. 
He  pointed  out  also  how  certain  species  of  both  genera  were  found  only  in 
low  ground  and  some  that  feed  on  plants  of  low  growth  cannot  usually  be 
taken  by  sweeping  as  the  net  passes  over  such  plants. 

Dr.  Sturtevant  exhibited  living  specimens  of  various  species  of  Drosophila 
with  enlarged  colored  drawings  of  each  and  discussed  the  distribution  espe- 
cially of  introduced  species,  saying  in  part :  "  There  are  many  species  of  ani- 
mals that  are  '  weed-like,'  in  that  they  are  much  commoner  about  houses  or 
stables  than  in  woods  or  remote  places.  These  forms  are  usually  widely  dis- 
tributed, and  are  in  general  open  to  suspicion  of  being  introduced  species.  In 
the  Dipterous  genus  Drosophila  there  are,  in  this  region,  seven  such  species. 
Five  of  these  {D.  funebris,  D.  busckii,  D.  melanogaster,  D.  repleta,  and  an 
undescribed  species)  are  cosmopolitan  or  nearly  so.  Of  these,  D.  funebris  was 
the  only  one  known  from  this  country  to  Loew,  Say,  Harris  or  Fitch.  The 
other  four  have  probably  been  introduced  since  the  time  of  these  entomologists. 
The  earliest  dates  for  this  region  and  for  the  rest  of  the  world  with  respect  to 
these  five  species  were  discussed,  as  throw-ing  light  on  the  possible  sources 
from  which  they  might  have  come.  The  other  two  Nearctic  '  weed-like ' 
species,  both  undescribed,  range  from  New  England  to  South  America,  and 
have  probably  been  introduced  from  the  American  tropics.  All  these  species 
breed  on  fruit  or  on  decaying  vegetable  material,  s-o  that  they  might  easily  have 
been  accidentally  imported.  In  fact,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  some  of 
these,  as  well  as  at  least  four  other  species  common  in  the  tropics  about 
fruit,  especially  bananas,  are  constantly  being  imported.-  The  four  last  men- 
tioned tropical  species  have  never  been  taken  in  the  northern  states,  though 
two  of  them  are  established  in  southern  Florida.  Apparently  they  are  unable 
to  thrive  in  a  region  where  the  winters  are  cold." 

Mr.  Notman  exhibited  new  species  of  Bembidion,  found  last  summer  in 
the  Adirondacks  at  elevated  places  near  Mr.  Marcy,  describing  especially  the 
beaver  meadows  in  which  he  has  collected  and  the  characters  of  the  new 
species  and  their  nearest  allies.  These  descriptions  will  be  printed  in  the 
Journal. 

Mr.  Fall,  present  as  a  visitor,  referred  to  previous  taxonomic  work  in  the 
genus  Bembidion,  and  the  danger  of  working  from  uniques  or  small  series, 
especially  if  previously  described   forms  were  not  recognized. 

Mr.  Davis  and  Dr.  Bequaert  referred  to  much  successful  taxonomy  having 
been  done  under  such  conditions. 

Mr.  Davis  read  an  interesting  letter  from  our  member,  L.  R.  Reynolds, 
now  in  Mexico,  and  Mr.  Sherman  spoke  also  of  Mr.  Reynolds'  letters  to  him. 

Mr.  Weiss  distributed  specimens  of  Rhipidandrus  paradoxus,  which  he 
had  bred  from  fungus. 

Mr.  Fall  spoke  briefly  of  the  work  he  was  doing  in  the  genus  Hydroporus. 


March,  1920. 1  PROCEEDINGS     OF     THE     SOCIETY.  93 

Minutes  of  February  3. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held 
at  8:00  P.M.,  on  February  3,  1920,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, President  L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with  seventeen  members  present. 

Mr.  Notman,  as  chairman  of  the  Publication  Committee,  reported  the 
resignation  of  Charles  Schaeffer  as  editor  and  his  own  election  as  his  suc- 
cessor. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Leng,  the  Society  recorded  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr. 
Schaeffer  for  his  long  years  of  service  and  splendid  results. 

Letters  from  Dr.  Walther  Horn  and  Colonel  Casey  were  read. 

Mr.  Weiss  read  a  paper  on  "  Coleoptera  of  the  Evening  Primrose  "  which 
will  be  published  elsewhere.     He  showed  the  adults  and  larvae  and  their  work. 

Mr.  Bischoff  exhibited  "  Local  Species  of  Anthonomus,"  21  already  listed 
in  "  Insects  of  X.  J."  and  five  additional,  viz. :  A.  rufipennis,  A.  likensis,  A. 
molochinns,  A.  hamameUdis,  A.  robinsoni.  He  gave  also  copious  notes  on  the 
conditions  under  which  each  species  was  found. 

Dr.  Lutz  read  some  extracts  from  "  Philippine  Wasp  Studies  "  by  F.  X. 
Williams,  being  Bull.  14,  Report  of  work  of  the  Exp.  Sta.  Hawaiian  Sugar 
Planters  Association,  praising  it  highly. 

Dr.  Bequaert  also  praised  the  work,  referring  particularly  to  the  interest- 
ing account  of  Stenogaster  and  the  evidence  adduced  that  wasps  learn  some- 
thiniz  by  personal  excerience. 


NEW   YORK    ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY. 

Organued  June  29,  1892. — Incorporated  June  7,  1893. 


The  meetings  of  the  Society  are  held  on  the  first  and  third  Tuesday  of  each  montt 
(except  June,  July,  August  and  September)  at  8  P.  M.,  in  the  American  Museum  or 
Natural  History,  77th  Street  and  Eighth  Ave. 

Annual  dues  for  Active  Members,  $3.00. 

Members  of  the  Society  will  please  remit  their  annual  dues,  payable  in  January,  to 
the  treasurer. 


Officers  for  the  Year  1920. 

President,  L.   B.   WOODRUFF 14  East  68th  Street,  New  York. 

Vice-Fresidttit,  JOHN  D.  SHERMAN,  Jr Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

Secretary,  CHAS.  W.  LENO       33  Murray  St.,  New  York, 

Tr^.j^Mr/r,  \VM.  T.  D.VVIS 146  Stuyvesant  Place,  New  Brighton, 

Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

Z.»/i/-rtrijw,  FRANK  E.   \V.\TSON American  Museum  of  Natural  History 

New  York 

Curator,  A  J.   MUTCHI.ER.    .    .  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 
EXECUTIVE     COMMITTEE. 

H.  G.  Barber,  Geo.  P.  Engelhardt,  II.  B.  Weiss. 

Jos.  Bequaert,  C.  E  Olsen, 

PUBLICATION    COMMITTEE 

F.  E.  LuTZ,  W.  P.  COMSTOCK,  Howard  Notman, 

Chas.  Schaeffer. 

AUDITING    COMMITTEE. 

G.  W.  J.  Angei.i.,  H.  B.  Wieomann,  1 1.  Notman 

FIELD     COMMITTEE. 

A.  S.  NicoLAY,  Jos.  Bequaert. 

delegate  to  the  n.  y.  academy  of  sciexces 
William  T.  Davis. 


vJOURN  A.!. 


Published  quarterly  by  the  Society,  at  41  North  Queen  St.,  Lancaster 
Pa.,  and  New  York  City.  All  communications  relating  to  the  Journal 
shoild  be  sent  to  the  Publication  Committee,  New  York  Entomological 
Society,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York  City;  all 
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Vol.  XXVIII. 


No.  2. 


JOUR  N AL 


OF  THE 


NEW  YORK 


Entomological  Society 


H)ev>ote^  to  lEntomoloap  in  (Bcncral. 


JUNE,  1920. 

Edited  by  HOWARD  NOTMAN 

Publication  Committee. 

HOWAKU    NOTMAN  F.   E.  LuTZ. 

\V.  P.  CoMSTocK.  Charles  Schakfprr 

Publistied   Quarterly    by    the    Society. 
LANCASTKR,  PA.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

1920 

f  Entered  April  2t,  1904,31  I,a'  castrr,  Pa. .  as  second -claj»  matter   nnrler  Art  ol  Congreisot  July  :6,  18.^4  ) 


THE  NEW  ERA  PRINT 


CONTENTS 


North  American  Cicadas  belonging  to  the  Genera  Platypedia  and 
Melampsalta.     By  wm.  t.  Davis .  ...      95 

The  Group  Traches  in  North  America.  Part  I.  The  Genera 
Pachyschelus   and   Taphrocerus.      By  Alan  s.   Nicoi.ay  and 

Hakry  B.   Wei.ss 136 

Notes  on  two  little  known  wood-boring  Beetles.  Chrysobothris 
sylvania  Fall  and  Melasis  rufipennis  Horn.  (Buprestidae, 
Elateridae.)     By  w.  j.  chambekun 151 

Description  of  Orchestina  saltitans  Banks.      (Arachnida.)      By 

Alexander  Petrunkevitch,  Ph.D.  .    .  ...  157 

Some  new  Rhynchophora  from  Eastern  North  America  with  Ad- 
ditions to  and  Corrections  of  the  "  Rhynchophora  of  North- 
eastern America."     By  w.  s.  Blatchley  ...         161 

Coleoptera  collected  at  Windsor,  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  26  May  to 
5  June,  1918,  with  Notes  and  Descriptions.      By  Howard 

NOTMAN       ....  ....       178 

Proceedings  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  194 


JOURNAL 

OF    THE 

pptD  ]9oFh  €!nl'QnioIogirflI  ^oriFJ^g. 

Vol.  XXVIII.  JUNE,  1920  No.  2 


NORTH  AMERICAN   CICADAS   BELONGING  TO  THE 
GENERA   PLATYPEDIA  AND   MELAMPSALTA. 

By  Wm.  T.  Davis, 
New  Brighton,  Staten  Islaxd,  N.  Y. 

The  genus  Platypcdia  was  described  by  Uhler  in  Entomologica 
Americana,  Vol.  IV,  p.  23,  April,  1888,  and  Cicada  arcolata  Uhler, 
1861,  and  Cicada  pntiiaiiii  Uhler,  1877,  were  cited  as  belonging  to  the 
group.  The  original  description  of  the  genus  is  as  follows :  "  Elon- 
gate, acutely  tapering  posteriorly,  with  a  sub-carinate  ridge  on  the 
tergum,  extending  from  near  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle ;  wing- 
covers  when  at  rest  almost  vertical.  Head  bluntly  triangular,  hirsute, 
the  vertex  gently  sloping,  almost  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  with  the 
transverse  sulcus  deep  and  direct,  not  triangularly  parted;  the  an- 
terior ocellus  placed  in  a  longitudinal  groove,  which  latter  is  con- 
tinued upon  the  turmid  front ;  front  quite  prominent,  strongly  convex ; 
exterior  cheeks  long  and  narrow  ;  supra-antennal  plates  narrow,  thick, 
bounded  each  side  by  a  notch.  Pronotum  short,  moderately  hirsute, 
with  the  dorsal  surface  feebly  convex,  not  corrugated,  but  with  two 
oblique  grooves  each  side,  the  lateral  margins  almost  straight,  with 
the  anterior  angles  feebly  reflexed,  and  the  posterior  angles  narrowly, 
but  abruptly  turned  up;  epipleural  flaps  as  long  as  the  pronotum, 
broadly  crescentiform,  but  a  little  triangularly  produced  obliquely 
backwards  and  downwards.  Anterior  femora  short  and  stout,  swollen 
in  the  middle,  grooved  on  the  outside  near  the  tip.  Wing-covers  wide, 
strongly  bowed  on  the  costal  margin,  the  areoles  large  and  mostly 

!)5 


96  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    H'o'-  xxviii 

wide,  basal  areole  oblong,  the  radial  areole  occupying  more  than  one- 
half  the  length  of  the  wing-cover,  the  second  ulnar  areole  short,  wide, 
almost  triangular;  the  apical  areoles  narrow,  and  the  third,  fourth, 
and  sixth  of  equal  length,  with  their  inner  tip  triangular,  while  the 
inner  end  of  the  second,  fifth,  and  seventh  is  truncated;  wings  narrow, 
not  reaching  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  discoidal  areole  of  the  hemelytra, 
with  the  anal-flaps  broadly  rounded,  and  separated  by  a  deep  emar- 
gination  from  the  other  member  of  the  wing.  Anal  segment  of  both 
sexes  narrow  and  compressed,  acutely  tapering,  with  the  ovipositor 
of  the  female  almost  enclosed  therein.  Sonorous  valves  of  the  male 
rudimentary,  inconspicuous." 

To  the  .above  description  may  be  added  that  owing  to  the  great 
length  of  the  radial  cell  the  node  is  much  nearer  the  end  of  the  fore 
wing  than  in  any  other  genus  of  North  American  Cicadas.  In  Platy- 
pedia,  as  in  Clidophleps,  Okanagana,  Okanagodcs  and  Tibicinoides, 
the  metanotum  is  conspicuous  behind  the  mesonotum,  and  the  uncus 
cannot  be  withdrawn  into  the  abdomen. 

In  August,  1888,  Uhler  described  Platypodia  minor  m  Entomologica 
Americana,  which  made  the  third  species  of  the  genus.  Then  fol-' 
lowed  three  more,  namely  aperta,  intermedia  and  ampliata,  described 
by  Mr.  Edward  P.  Van  Duzee  in  1915  in  the  Journal  of  the  N.  Y. 
Entomological  Society. 

In  his  Synonymic  Catalogue  of  Homoptera,  Part  i,  CicadidcT,  1906, 
W.  L.  Distant  designated  areolata  as  the  type  of  the  genus  and  places 
putnami  as  a  synonym  of  that  species.  He  recognizes  minor  as  a 
valid  species.  In  the  Catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera  of  America  North 
of  Mexico,  1917,  iMr.  Van  Duzee  lists  the  six  species  mentioned  above, 
and  gives  areolata  as  the  logotype  of  the  genus. 

As  far  as  known  no  species  of  Platypedia  occur  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  but  from  western  Nebraska  and  Colorado  westward  to 
the  Pacific,  and  southward  to  the  Rio  Grande  there  are  at  least  ten 
species,  and  two  species  in  the  allied  genus  Neoplatypedia.  In  the 
Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America,  Vol.  XII,  pp.  1-12, 
1919,  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Van  Dyke  has  an  article  on  The  Distribution  of 
Insects  in  Western  North  America,  and  an  examination  of  the  locali- 
ties given  for  several  species  of  Cicadas  mentioned  in  this  paper,  sug- 
gests that  some  are  confined  to  the  faunal  areas  defined  in  the  article 


June,  T920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTII    A.MERICAX    CiCADAS.  97 

referred  to.  In  time,  as  more  is  learned  concerning-  the  distribution 
of  Cicadas,  this  will  no  doubt  prove  to  be  the  case. 

In  the  following  pages  each  species  is  considered  separately,  and 
all  specimens  mentioned  are  in  the  writer's  collection  unless  otherwise 
stated.  I  am  under  obligations  to  a  number  of  entomologists  and 
various  institutions  for  the  privilege  of  examining  specimens,  or  for 
material  received,  and  acknowledgment  is  made  in  connection  with 
the  notes  on  each  species. 

A  useful  table  for  tlie  determination  of  several  of  the  species  of 
Platyf^cdia  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Van  Duzee's  Preliminary  Review  of 
the  West  Coast  Cicadidc'e,  Journal  N.  Y.  Entomological  Society,  Vol. 
XXIII,  March,  191 5.  That  author  makes  the  helpful  statement  that, 
■' Normally  all  our  species  of  Platypcdia  have  the  following  pale 
markings :  Sides  of  the  face,  supra-antennal  plates  in  part,  median 
line  and  hind  edge  of  the  pronotum,  hind  margin  of  the  metanotum 
including  the  posterior  one  half  of  the  elevated  X>  the  costal  nervure 
as  far  as  the  node  and  tlie  propleura  superiorly." 

We  would  like  again  to  emphasize  the  importance  of  stretching 
the  specimens,  or  at  least  the  two  wings  on  the  left  hand  side  of  the 
body,  so  that  the  characters  can  be  more  plainly  seen.  Tlie  mem- 
branes at  the  base  of  the  wings  in  Platypcdia  and  N'coplatypcdia  are 
often  colored  in  a  manner  useful  in  the  determination  of  species,  and 
this  character  can  hardly  be  seen  when  the  wings  are  closed.  The 
reproduced  photographs  on  the  plate  accompanying  this  article  serve 
to  illustrate  the  size,  venation,  and  general  shape  of  wings  and  body, 
but  they  do  not  show  the  often  very  beautiful  and  strikingly  con- 
trasted colors  exhibited  by  some  of  the  species. 

Key  to  the  Genera  .\nd  Species  of  Platvpedia  and  Neoplatvpedia. 

.\pical  cells  of  fore  wing  eight ;  costal  vein  of  fore  wings  evenly  curved  except 
in  Platypcdia  barbata,  where  it  is  somewhat  suddenly  bent.  A  ventral  view 
chows  the  underside  of  the  abdomen  not  hidden  by  the  closed  winijs. 

Platypcdia  Uhler. 

Apical  cells  of  fore  wing  seven  ;  costal  vein  of  fore  wings  expanded  and  con- 
spicuously bent  beyond  the  middle  of  the  radial  cell.  In  ventral  view  the 
apical  portion  of  the  underside  of  the  abdomen  is  hidden  if  the  wings  are 
closed   Neoplatypedia  new  genus. 


98  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    [Vol.  xxyiii. 

Genus  Platypedia  Uhler. 
A.  Fore  wings  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad. 

B.  Large,    expanding   40   millimeters    or    over;    uncus   when   viewed   from 
above  long  and  narrow. 
C.  Head  narrow  across  eyes  with  front  strongly  produced. 

D.  Uncus  viewed  in  profile  very  thin  and  flattened  at  the  extremity. 
Body  black,  head  and  thorax  dull,  abdomen   shining,   reflec- 
tions bluish  black;  fore  femora  entirely  black,  pale  at  ex- 
tremities ;  membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  orange.     Ex- 
pands about  44  millimeters.     Occurs  in  Arizona,  Colorado, 

New  Mexico   mohavensis  new  species. 

DD.   Uncus  viewed  in  profile  slightly  arched  above,  sinuate  beneath, 
extremity  not  flattened  as  in  mohavensis. 
Body    blue    black,    particularly    the    head    and    thorax;    fore 
femora  chestnut  colored  above,  paler  at  extremities  ;  mem- 
branes at  base  of  fore  wings  bright  orange.     Expends  about 
40  millimeters.     Occurs  in  California.  .  .rufipes  new  species. 
CC.  Head  broader  across  the  eyes  with  front  not  as  strongly  produced. 
Uncus  viewed  in  profile  arched  at  top,  the  arch  extending  to 
the  extremity,  which  is  thickened  ;  uncus  also  deepened  near 
the  base  in  typical  putnanii  and  areolata. 
E.  Body  black  with  bluish  reflections  especially  on  the  pronotum 
and   mesonotum.     Fore  femora   in   mature   individuals   en- 
tirely black,  pale  at  extremities,  except  in  variety  occiden- 
talis  of  piitnami  which   has   chestnut   colored   fore   femora. 
Vein  separating  radial  cell  from  ulnar  cells  black  through- 
out its  length  in  mature  individuals. 
Costal    margin    of   fore   wings   to    end   of   radial   cell   brilliant 
orange  ;  membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  bright  orange  or 
blood  red.     Uncus  viewed  in  profile  with  distal  two  thirds 
of  lower  line  not  straight,  but  curved  so  that  the  extremity 
sometimes  appears  bent  downward.       Expands  about  50  milli- 
meters.    Occurs  in  Colorado,  Nebraska,  New  Mexico,  Ne- 
vada, California   putnami  (Uhler). 

Body  blue-black  and  marked  as  in  typical  putnami  except  the 
legs  which  are  pale,  the  fore  femora  not  blackened  above, 
and  the  other  legs  also  almost  wholly  chestnut  colored. 
Occurs  in   western   California. 

putnami  var.  occidentalis  new  variety. 
Body  blue  black  but  duller  than   in  putnami.     Costal  margin 
of  fore  wings  to  end  of  radial  cell,  and  membranes  at  base 
of  fore  wings  orange.     Expands  about  53  millimeters.     Oc- 
curs in  Utah,  Montana,  Arizona,  Wyoming. 

putnami  var.  lutea  new  variety. 


June,  1920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTH    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  99 

Body  almost  black,  bluish  reflections  faint.  Membranes  at 
base  of  fore  wings  pale,  often  almost  white.  Uncus 
viewed  in  profile  arched  at  top,  and  usually  with  distal  two 
thirds  of  lower  line  but  slightly  curved.  Expands  from  48 
to  54  millimeters.     Northern  California,  Oregon. 

putnami  var.  keddiensis  new  variety. 
EE.  Body  black  with  brassy  or  greenish  reflections.  Fore  femora 
almost  entirely  chestnut  colored.  Membranes  at  base  of 
fore  wings  pale,  often  almost  white.  Vein  separating  radial 
cell  from  ulnar  cells  usually  pale  throughout  its  length. 
Uncus  viewed  in  profile  arched  at  top,  distal  two  thirds  of 
lower  line  not  straight  but  curved  so  that  the  extremity 
sometimes  appears  bent  downward.  Front  of  head  usually 
quite  hairy.  Expands  from  48  to  54  millimeters.  Occurs 
in     British     Columbia,     Washington,     Oregon,     California, 

Idaho,  Montana areolata  (Uhler). 

Uncus  viewed  in  profile  arched  at  top  but  more  suddenly 
declivitous  near  the  tip  than  in  areolata  ;  distal  two  thirds 
of  lower  line  straight  or  nearly  so  with  a  subapical  sinu- 
ation.  Veins  of  fore  wings  almost  entirely  pale,  except 
those  surrounding  the  first  and  second  ulnar  areas,  and  the 
first  seven  apical  areas,  which  are  black  or  nearly  so. 
Expands  from  40  to  44  millimeters.     Occurs  in  California. 

similis  new  species. 

Uncus  when  viewed  in  profile  evenly  arched  at  top,  and  with 

lower  line  straight  for  part  of  its  length  before  the  hooked 

extremity.     Hairs  on   front  of  head  long  and  conspicuous. 

Costal  margin  of  fore  wings  chestnut  colored.     Expands  45 

millimeters.     Occurs  in  Texas falcata  new  species. 

BB.  Small,  expanding  about  38  millimeters ;  uncus  when  viewed  from  above 

broadly  ovate.     Fore  wing   17  X  6.5  mm. 

Uncus   when   viewed   from    above   '"  nearly   as   broad   as  long,  with    its 

apex  subacute."     Last  ventral  segment  in  female  with  notch  broadly 

V-shaped.     Membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  pale  orange.     Expands 

about  38  millimeters.     Occurs  in  California aperta  Van  Duzee. 

AA.  Fore  wings  much  broader,  the  breadth  being  equal  to  about  one  half  the 
distance  from  the  basal  cell  to  the  apex  of  the  wing. 
Uncus  when  viewed  from  above  broadly  lanceolate  and  subacute  at  apex, 
its  width  almost  half  the  length.  Last  ventral  segment  in  female  with 
notch  more  narrowly  V-shaped  than  in  aperta.  Membranes  at  base  of 
fore  wings  orange.     Expands  about  36  millimeters.     Occurs  in  California 

and  Nevada  vanduzeei  new  species. 

Uncus  when   viewed   from   above   long  and  slender ;   seen   in   profile  nearly 
straight  below,  arched  above.     Last  ventral  segment  in  female  with  notch 


100 


TouRXAL  New  York  Entomological  Society.    LVoi.xxviiL 


V-shaped.  Membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  almost  white.  Fore  wings 
proportionately  broader  than  in  vanduzeei.  Expands  about  41  milli- 
meters.    Occurs  in  California,  Nevada,  Colorado minor  Uhler. 

Uncus  when  viewed  from  above  narrow  ;  when  seen  in  profile  somewhat 
resembling  in  shape  that  of  pufnami.  Last  ventral  segment  in  female 
with  notch  U-shaped.  Costal  margin  of  fore  wing  slightly  bent  near  the 
end  of  the  radial  cell.  Membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  red.  Expands 
about  38  millimeters.     Occurs  in  California barbata  new  species. 

Platypedia  mohavensis  new  species.     Plate  V,  fig.   i. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female,  from  Trumble  Mountain,  Mohave  Co., 
Arizona,  19 19  (J.  A.  Crosby).     Davis  collection. 

Resembles  Platypedia  putnami,  but  is  much  slimmer,  has  a  narrower  head, 
and  very  protruding  front.  The  uncus  in  putnami  is  large  and  has  a  dorsal 
ridge  extending  to  the  thick  rounded  point ;  in  mohavensis  it  is  much  smaller, 
the  dorsal  ridge  is  low  or  almost  absent,  and  does  not  extend  to  the  thin  and 
flattened  rounded  extremity.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  narrow  and 
rounded  at  apex;  valve  not  as  long  as  in  putnami,  but  of  the  same  general 
shape.     Last  ventral   segment  in  the   female  with  the   notch   narrower  than   in 


Platypedia   mohavensis 


putnami,    which    results    in    the    extremities    on    each    side    of    the    notch    being 
much  more  broadly  rounded. 

The  body  is  dull  blue-black  covered  in  greater  part  with  white  hairs,  which 
are  particularly  long  behind  the  eyes,  about  the  mesonotal  X,  and  especially 
so  beneath.  The  following  markings  are  orange :  supira-antennal  plates  in 
part,  a  small  dot  at  the  base  of  the  vertex  continued  as  a  median  line  on  the 
pronotum,  which,  however,  does  not  reach  the  orange  colored  hind  margin  or 
collar;  hind  margin  of  the  mesonotum  including  only  part  of  the  mesonotal  X, 
and  hind  margin  of  the  metanotum.  Membrane  at  base  of  fore  wings  orange, 
also  the  costal  margin  to  end  of  radial  cell,-  remainder  of  venation  black  or 
nearly  so.     Veins  of  the  hind  wings  pale  except  about  the  apical  cells.     The 


June,  1920.] 


Davis:  Xortii  American  Cicadas. 


101 


femora  are  blackened  above  in  the  middle  and  hind  legs  except  at  the  extremi- 
ties, while  in  the  fore  legs  they  are  entirely  black  except  at  the  extremities. 
The  niercanthi  arc  long  and  pointed,  orange  in  color. 

Me.^surements  i.\  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length  of  body   21  19 

Width  of  head  across  eyes  5  5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   45  45 

Length  of  valve   5-5 

In  addition  to  the  type  and  allotype  there  have  been  examined 
twenty-nine  males  and  twenty-nine  females  from  Trumble  Mountain, 
Mohave  Co..  Arizona,  collected  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Crosby  in  the  spring  or 
early  summer  of  1919.  In  this  long  series  the  colors  are  exactly  as 
in  the  type  and  allotype. 

Stockton.  Utah,  May,  1916.  male  (Tom  Spalding). 

Bondad.  Colorado,  June  2.y,  1919.  about  6,100  ft.,  male -and  three 
females  (Dr.  F.  E.  Lutz),  collection  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Chaves,  New  ^Mexico,  female  (from  Prof.  H.  F.  W'ickham). 


Platypedia  -rufipes 


In  the  Utah,  Colorado  and  New  Mexico  specimens,  the  color  at 
the  base  of  both  pairs  of  wings  is  of  a  slightly  darker  orange  than  in 
the  types. 


Platypedia  rufipes  new  species.     Plate  V,  fig.  2. 

Type   male  and   allotype  female,   from   Los   Angeles   Co.,   California,    May 
(Coquillett).     Collection  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


102  Journal  Xew  York  Entomological  Society,    [^'oi-  xxviii. 

Resembles  Platypedia  luoliavensis  in  having  a  relatively  small  head  and 
protruding  front.  The  uncus  is  bent  downward  at  the  extremity,  slightly 
ridged  on  the  dorsal  surface;  when  seen  in  profile  the  lower  line  is  sinuate  and 
the  basal  third  is  without  the  deepened  area  to  be  found  in  putnami  and 
areolata.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  rounded  at  apex ;  valve  shorter 
and  more  robust  than  in  mohavensis.  Last  ventral  segment  in  the  female  with 
the  notch  somewhat  U-shaped  and  in  form  about  as  in  mohavensis,  that  is  not 
as  broadly  open  as  in  areolata  and  putnami.  The  pale  markings  of  the  body 
are  those  common  to  the  genus,  as  already  mentioned.  In  iiwJiavensis  the 
venation  of  the  fore  wings  is  almost  entirely  black  except  the  costal  margin  to 
the  end  of  the  radial  area,  while  in  the  present  species  the  vein  separating  the 
ulnar  areas  from  the  radial  area  is  orange  ;  the  veins  surrounding  the  last  two 
ulnar  areas  are  also  almost  wholly  orange,  while  the  veins  surrounding  the 
marginal  areas  are  nearly  all  black.  The  membranes  at  the  base  of  the  fore 
wings  are  bright  orange.  The  venation  of  the  hind  wings  is  pale,  except  about 
the  marginal  areas,  where  it  is  nearly  entirely  black. 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length    of   body    18.5  17.5 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 5  5.25 

Expanse  of  fore  wings    40  42 

Length  of  valve    3.5 

In  addition  to  the  type  and  allotype  five  females  have  been  ex- 
amined, collected  in  Los  Angeles  Co.,  California,  May   (Coquillett). 

In  the  collection  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  there  is  a 
large  male  with  wings  expanding  52  millimeters,  from  Bear  Lake, 
San  Bernardino  Mts.,  California,  May  17,  1919  (J.  O.  ^Martin),  that 
is  considered  here  on  account  of  the  form  of  the  uncus  which  resem- 
bles that  of  the  type  of  nifipcs  except  that  it  is  much  straighter  along 
the  lower  line.  The  front  of  the  head  is  prominent ;  the  fore  femora 
are  chestnut  colored,  darkened  beneath ;  femora  of  middle  and  hind 
pairs  of  legs  striped  with  black;  tibiae  blackened  at  the  basal  joints. 
The  fore  wings  have  the  costal  margin  bright  orange  to  the  end  of 
the  radial  cell,  but  the  remainder  of  the  venation  is  darker  than  in  the 
seven  specimens  of  nifipcs.  This  insect  may  belong  to  a  distinct 
species. 

Platypedia  putnami  (Uhler).     Plate  V,  fig.  3. 

1877.     Cicada  putnami  Uhler,  Bulletin  \].   S'.  Geological  and  Geographical 
Survey  of  the  Territories,  iii,  p.  455. 


June,  1920.] 


Davis:  North  American'  Cicadas. 


103 


The  original  description  of  this  species  states  that  the  head,  pro- 
notum  and  mesonotum  are  "  blue-black  " ;  the  "  hemelytra  and  wings 
hyaline  .  .  .  base,  tegulse.  and  costal  nervures  orange,  the  latter  long 
and  broadly  arcuated ;  the  marginal  nervure  beyond  the  anastomosis 
and  all  the  other  nervules  blackish-piceous."  The  legs  are  described 
as  having  the  "  femora  broadly  black  on  the  upper,  fore,  and  hinder 
sides;  the  anterior  pair  also  black  on  the  under  side."  "'Length  to 
end  of  genital  sheath  21  millimeters;  to  tip  of  closed  hemeKtra  26 
millimeters."  In  Entomologica  Americana,  Vol.  IV,  p.  23,  April, 
1888.  Uhler  says  of  pntnami:  "This  species  is  generally  of  a  bright 
steel  blue  color,  distinctly  marked  with  brilliant  orange.  It  has  been 
taken  at  Ogden,  Utah,  in  Clear  Creek  Canyon,  Col.,  and  in  several 
parts  of  the  mountainous  regions  of  Xevada."  In  the  original  de- 
scription the  types  are  said  to  have  been  "  collected  in  the  vicinity  of 
Clear  Creek,  Colorado,  by  Mr.  J.  Duncan  Putnam."    The  male  figured 


m 


Platypedia  putnami 


on  our  plate  came  from  Clear  Creek  Canyon.  Colorado,  about  thirty- 
five  miles  west  of  Denver,  from  which  Uhler's  types  also  came. 
A  male  labeled  ''  Platypedia  putnami  Uhler.  Clear  Creek.  Col.,"  is 
in  the  Uhler  collection,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  and  is.  no  doubt, 
one  of  the  specimens  from  which  the  original  description  was  made. 
A  female  from  Ogden,  Utah,  is  also  in  the  Uhler  collection  and  is 
probably  the  one  referred  to  by  him  in  1888  as  mentioned  above.  We, 
however,  regard  this  as  belonging  to  variety  liitea. 


104  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    t'^'o'-  xxviii. 

Specimens  have  been  examined  as  follows :  Colorado. — Clear 
Creek,  male  and  female  (Oslar).  Chimney  Gulch,  Golden,  7,500  ft., 
three  males,  four  females  without  date,  and  male  and  female  July  i, 
1913  (Oslar).  Bear  Creek,  Morrison.  July  2'j,  1913,  male  and  female 
(Oslar).  Platte  Cai]yon,  8,000  ft.,  July  10,  1913,  male  and  five  females 
(Oslar).  Golden,  June  26,  19 11,  male  (E.  A.  Frost).  Alamosa,  June 
21,  1912,  male  and  three  females  (Oslar).  Durango,  May  27,  1912, 
male;  June  3,  1912,  female;  June  10,  19 12,.  male,  and  three  males,  two 
females  without  date  (Oslar).  Some  of  the  specimens  from  Alamosa 
and  Durango  may  be  immature ;  the  wings  are  not  as  clear  as  usual 
and  the  fore  femora  are  not  as  black  except  in  one  male. 

The  following  Colorado  specimens  are  in  the  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum:  Fort  Collins,  June  16,  1899,  n^ale;  Canon  City,  male 
(Wickham)  ;  Chimney  Gulch,  May  13,  1901,  female  (Dyar  and  Cau- 
dell)  ;  Platte  Canyon,  May  25,  1901,  female,  and  June  i,  1901,  female 
(Dyar  and  Caudell)  ;  Boulder,  June  3,  1901,  male  and  female  (Dyar 
and  Caudell)  ;  Golden,  June  5,  1901,  female  (Dyar  and  Caudell)  ;  Mill 
Gulch,  Platte  Canyon,  May  30,  1919,  male  and  four  females  (L.  O. 
Jackson).  In  the  collection  of  the  Academy  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia  there  is  a  specimen  from  Manitou,  July  i. 

In  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  are  the  following 
Colorado  specimens  collected  by  Dr.  Frank  E.  Lutz :  Starkville,  June 
13,  1919,  about  6,800  ft.,  thirteen  males,  nine  females;  Pagosa  Springs, 
June  21-23,  19^9)  about  7.500  ft.,  male;  Bondad,  June  27,  1919,  about 
6,100  ft.,  male,  two  females;  Mesa  Verde,  July  3-7,  19 19,  about  7,300 
ft.,  three  males,  three  females.  Dr.  Lutz  noted  in  connection  with 
those  collected  at  Starkville,  that  their  song  was  a  ''  clicking  sound ; 
about  eight  clicks,  rapid  at  first,  but  slowing." 

Nebraska. — Hat  Creek  Valley,  Sioux  Co.,  July,  1896,  two  males, 
two  females  (H.  G.  Barber),  Davis  collection,  and  two  males,  three 
females  collected  at  the  same  place  and  time,  H.  G.  Barber  collection. 
Squaw  Canyon.  Sioux  Co.,  June,  1896  (Barber),  H.  G.  Barber  col- 
lection. Mr.  Barber  writes  that  there  were  great  numbers  of  putnami 
in  western  Nebraska  where  he  collected  in  1896.  Monroe  Canyon, 
Sioux  Co.,  June,  191 1,  male  and  two  females  (R.  W.  Dawson).  War 
Bonnet  Canyon,  Sioux  Co.,  May  20,  1901,  two  males  (L.  Bruner), 
and  June  2/,  191 1,  three  females  (R.  W.  Dawson).     Including  those 


June,  1920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTII    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  105 

just  mentioned  I  have  seen  ii8  specimens  from  Sioux  Co.  in  the 
northwest  corner  of  Nebraska,  'kindly  sent  to  me  for  examination 
from  the  University  of  Nebraska.  All  show  bluish  reflections  with 
red-orange  markings  including  the  costa  to  the  end  of  the  radial  cell. 

Nevada. — Four  females  labeled  '"  Nevada  "  from  collection  Uni- 
versity of  ^linnesota.  These  are  typical  putnauii.  In  the  Uhler  col- 
lection, U.  S.  National  Museum,  there  are  nine  females  and  two  males 
labeled  "  Nevada"  which  also  appear  to  be  typical  putnami. 

New  Mexico. — Jemez  Springs,  Sandoval  County,  6.400  ft.,  col- 
lected by  John  Woodgate,  May,  1916,  fifty-two  males,  thirty-eight 
females;  June,  1916,  three  males,  five  females;  July,  1916,  male  and 
two  females  at  7,500  ft.;  June,  1917,  female,  and  June  7,  1917,  female 
at  8.000  ft.;  May,  1918,  male;  June,  1918,  fifteen  males,  thirteen 
females;  July,  1918,  female;  ]\Iay,  1919,  eight  males,  three  females; 
June.  1919,  twenty-six  males  and  fifty-nine  females.  In  1916  Mr. 
\\'oodgate  wrote  "  the  cicadas  of  which  I  sent  you  so  many  specimens, 
swarmed  everywhere  here  this  summer."'  Cloudcroft,  9,000  ft., 
female  (Warren  Knaus).  Box  Canyon,  June,  19 12,  female.  Four 
miles  southeast  of  Santa  Fe,  N.  INI.,  on  the  old  Sante  Fe  trail,  7,000 
ft.,  on  scrub  pine  and  cedar,  June  15,  19 18,  male  and  three  females 
(Warren  Knaus).  Mr.  Knaus  writes:  "The  small  species  did  not 
attempt  to  fly,  except  an  occasional  short  flight;  did  not  sing,  but  made 
a  snap,  snap,  snap,  snap,  noise."  Ft.  Wingate,  ]May  4,  1908  (John 
Woodgate),  collection  Academy  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

California. — Los  Angeles  County,  two  females  without  date  (B. 
Neubarth).  These  specimens  have  the  legs  somewhat  lighter  colored 
than  typical  putnami.  They  expand  48  millimeters.  In  the  absence 
of  male  specimens  they  are  doubtfully  placed  here. 

Mr.  J.  Duncan  Putnam,  after  whom  this  species  was  named,  was 
connected  with  the  Davenport,  Iowa,  /\cademy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
and  in  the  proceedings  of  that  society.  Vol.  II,  1876-1878,  "Cicada 
putnami  Uhler  ''  is  figured  on  plate  IV,  figs.  2  and  3,  male  and  female. 
Figure  3  gives  a  side  view  with  wings  closed ;  figure  4,  with  wings 
expanded.  It  is  stated  that  the  figures  were  "  Drawn  and  engraved 
on  stone  by  Herman  Strecker."  The  figures  are  not  accompanied 
by  any  account  of  the  species. 


106  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xxviii. 

Platypedia  putnami  var.  occidentalis  new  variety. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female,  Carrville,  Trinity  Co.,  California,  June 
21,  1913   (Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke).     Collection  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

This  variety  has  the  head  and  thorax  blue-black,  marked  with  brilliant 
orange  as  in  typical  putnaiiii,  but  it  is  generally  larger  and  has  lighter  colored 
legs.  The  front  femora  are  not  shining  black  with  extremities  pale  as  is  the 
case  with  Nebraska,  Colorado,  Montana  and  New  Mexico  specimens  of 
putnami,  but  with  the  exception  of  being  slightly  darkened  beneath,  the  femora 
are  entirely  light  chestnut  colored  or  reddish  orange.  The  fore  wings  have 
slightly  yellowish  reflections;  costal  margin  is  brilliant  orange  to  the  end  of 
the  radial  cell,  the  remaining  veins  are  black  or  nearly  so,  and  the  membranes 
at  base  are  brilliant  orange. 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length  of  body   22.5  21 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 6.5  6.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   49  54 

Length   of  valve    6 

Specimens  of  this  variety  have  been  examined  from  the  western 
part  of  California  only.  They  are  as  follows : — Dunsmuir,  Siskiyou 
Co.,  July  20,  female  (Dyar  and  Caudell)  ;  Navarro,  Mendocino  Co., 
June  7,  female  (Behrens),  collection  United  States  National  Museum. 
Carrville,  Trinity  Co.,  June  i,  1913,  male,  and  June  3,  1913,  female 
(E,  C.  Van  Dyke).  Sonoma  County,  April,  1914,  two  females. 
Marin  County,  two  females  in  collection  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 

Platypedia  putnami  var.  lutea  new  variety.     Plate  V,  fig.  4. 

Type  male,  State  Canyon,  Provo,  Utah,  July  7,  19 16  (Tom  Spalding). 
Davis  collection. 

Allotype  female,  State  Canyon,  Provo,  Utah,  July  i,  1916  (Tom  Spalding). 
Davis  collection. 

This  variety  is  blue-black  but  not  so  much  so  as  in  typical  putnami,  and  has 
the  lighter  markings  orange-yellow  instead  of  the  brilliant  orange  or  blood-red 
of  typical  putnami.  The  fore  femora  are  entirely  black  except  the  extremities, 
as  in  putnami.  In  Colorado  and  western  Nebraska  the  colors  of  putnami  are 
remarkable  for  their  brilliancy,  the  membranes  at  the  base  of  the  fore  wings 
are  often  of  a  blood-red,  while  further  west  true  putnami  is  replaced  in  cer- 
tain areas  as  in  Utah  by  the  present  variety  with  orange-yellow  markings, 
which  contrast  strongly  with  the  somewhat  dull  blue-black  of  the  greater  part 
of  the  body. 


June,  1920.] 


Davis:  North  American  Cicadas. 


107 


03 

PlATYFEDIA  PUTNAMI   VAI?.    LUTEA 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length  of  body 23  23 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 6  7 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   S3  59 

Length  of  valve   6 

In  the  Uhler  Collection,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  there  is  a  male 
of  this  variety  from  "Am.  Fk.  Can.  Ut..  June  27,,  1891,''  laheled  "P. 
arcolata  Uhl.  Det.  by  Uhler,"  also  a  female  of  the  same  variety  and 
from  the  same  place  and  collected  at  the  same  time,  labeled  "  P.  piit- 
naml  Uhl.  Det.  by  Uhler."  This  goes  to  show  that  Uhler  was  un- 
certain about  the  form  which  we  have  here  called  littca. 

Other  specimens  examined  are  as  follows: 

Utah. — Ft.  Douglas,  July,  two  females  (Prof.  H.  I*".  Wickham). 
Provo,  June  4.  1910,  two  females;  June  17,  1912,  five  males,  one 
female  (Tom  Spalding).  State  Canyon,  Provo,  July,  1916,  thirteen 
males,  nine  females;  June  17,  1917,  six  males,  two  females;  June, 
1918,  male  (Tom  Spalding).  Stockton,  May,  1916,  female  (Tom 
Spalding).  Kaysville,  Davis  Co.,  June  23.  191 2.  two  females  (E.  R. 
Kalmbach).  Bellevue,  Washington  Co.,  4.000  ft.,  June,  19 17,  male 
and  female  (G.  P.  Engelhardt),  Davis  collection,  and  same  locality 
and  date  two  males  and  a  female,  collection  Museum  Brooklyn  Insti- 
tute of  Arts  and  Sciences.  In  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  are  the  fol- 
lowing:— Kamas.  two  females  (H.  E.  Burke)  ;  Ogden.  June  20,  1885, 


108 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 


male;  "Utah,"  June  i6,  1904,  three  females  (S.  L.  Vail);  Kaysville, 
June  23,  1912,  two  males  (E.  R.  Kalmbach). 

Wyoming. — Bridger    Basin,   male    and    female,    collection    ^Museum 
Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Montana. — Gallatin  Co.,  5,000  ft.,  July  10,  1902,  male  (R.  Berston), 
IMontana  Agri.  Experiment  Station. 

Arizona. — Top  of  Grand  Canyon,  June  6.  1916,  male  and  three  fe- 
males (G.  P.  Engelhardt).  Mohave  Co.,  1919,  male  (J.  A.  Crosby). 
Moran's  Point,  Grand  Canyon,  June,  1901,  two  females,  collection 
Am.  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Grand  Canyon,  June  16,  1907, 
7,000  ft.,  male  (H.  A.  Kaeber),  collection  Academy  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia.  Williams,  May  26-28,  four  males  (Barber  and 
Schwarz),  collection  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum. 

Platypedia  putnami  var.  keddiensis  new  variety. 

Type  male,  Keddie,  Plumas  Co.,  California,  May  16,  1919  (Mrs.  Luman). 
Davis  collection. 

Allotype  female,  Keddie,  Plumas  Co.,  California,  June,  1918  (Frank  Mor- 
ton Jones).     Davis  collection. 

The  front  femora  in  this  variety  are  black,  except  the  distal  extremities, 
and  the  vein  separating  the  radial  cell  from  the  ulnar  cells  is  black  throughout 
its  length.     It  is  a  darker  form   than   areolata  and  the   reflections   are   slightly 


m 


PlATYPID/A  putnami  VA-R,  KEDI1(£NS|S 


bluish  in  color.  The  membranes  at  the  Ijase  of  the  fore  wings  are  almost 
white  as  in  typical  areolata,  not  orange  as  in  variety  lutea,  and  the  costal 
margin  to  the  end  of  the  radial  cell  shows  a  brownish  tint,  not  the  brilliant 
orange    or   reddish-orange   of  putnami,   or   the   clear   orange    of    variety    lutea 


June,  1920.]  Davis:  Xortii  Ami-ricax  Cicadas.  109 

frona  Utah,   Montana,  and  Arizona.     The  uncus  approaches   in   shape   that  of 
Platypedia  siniilis  from  further  south. 

Me.\sl-rements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length   of  body 2i  23 

Width  of  head  across  eyes  6  6.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   49  52 

Length  of  valve    5.5 

In  addition  to  the  type  and  allotype  the  following  specimens  have 
been  examined,  from  California: — Keddie,  Plumas  Co.,  June  7,  1918, 
female,  June  24,  1918,  female,  June  28,  1918,  female  (Frank  Morton 
Jones)  ;  May  16,  1919,  male  (Mrs.  Luman).  Plumas  County,  June 
14.  1913,  female  (F.  W.  Xunenmacher).  Lassen  County,  June  5,  1913, 
male   (F.  W.  Nunenmacher). 

In  the  collection  of  the  Colorado  Agricultural  College,  there  is  a 
female  labeled  Corvallis.  Oregon,  July  8,  1896. 

Platypedia  areolata  (Uhler).     Plate  V,  fig.  5. 

1 86 1.     Cicada    areolata   Uhler.      Proceedings    Academy    Xat.    Sciences    of 
Philadelphia,  xiii,  p.  2S5. 

In  the  original  description  the  color  is  given  as  "  black,  with  a 
slightly  aeneous  tinge'";  the  "eyes  very  prominent";  the  "  hemelytra 


03 


Platypedia    areolata 


broad,  obtuse,  dilated  upon  the  costal  margin  to  the  tip  of  the  first 
marginal  areolet,  costa  and  two  posterior  longitudinal  veins  at  base, 
yellow,  remainder  of  the   veins  piceous,  veins  of  the  wings  yellow, 


110  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [^'°'-  xxviii 

piceous  at  the  tip,  excepting  the  middle  longitudinal  one,  which  is 
piceous  almost  to  the  base  " ;  the  "  legs  orange,  the  anterior  femora 
black  beneath  " ;  the  "  penis  cover  [uncus]  is  subfusiform,  carinated 
above,  and  with  an  interrupted  groove  exterior  to  the  concave  sulcus 
present  upon  each  side  of  the  middle."  The  length  is  given  as  21 
millimeters,  and  the  expanse  as  50  millimeters.  The  type  locality  is 
given  as  "  east  of  Fort  Colville  in  Washington  Territory."  In  the 
Uhler  collection,  U.  S.  National  Museum  there  is  a  single  female 
labeled  "Cicada  arcolata  Uhler,  E.  of  Ft.  Colville,  N.  W.  Bound. 
Surv."  This  is  no  doubt  one  of  the  types  mentioned  in  the  original 
description.  It  expands  56  millimeters  and  the  fore  wings  are  10 
millimeters  broad.  The  reflections  are  brassy.  The  fore  legs  are 
now  missing,  but  we  have  Uhler's  statement  in  the  original  descrip- 
tion, ''  legs  orange  the  anterior  femora  black  beneath." 

In  the  Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  and  Geographical  Survey 
of  the  Territories,  1874-1875,  Vol.  I,  p.  343,  Uhler  has  this  to  say  of 
the  distribution  of  arcolata:  "Collected  in  Cache  Valley,  Utah,  by  C. 
Thomas,  but  previously  known  from  San  Mateo,  Cal.  (A.  Agassiz)  ; 
from  Ogden,  Utah;  from  Virginia  City,  Nev.  (J.  Behrens)  ;  and  from 
Washington  Territory."  The  Cache  Valley  and  Ogden,  Utah,  speci- 
mens belonged  probably  to  what  is  described  in  this  paper  as  pntnami 
var.  Intea,  and  the  San  Mateo,  California,  material  no  doubt  belonged 
to  what  we  call  Platypodia  similis.  • 

Specimens  have  been  examined  as  follows : 

British  Columbia. — North  Bend,  June  6,  1892,  two  femafes,  U.  S. 
National  Museum.  Armstrong,  July,  1914,  male  (W.  Downes),  col- 
lection Dept.  of  Agriculture  Province  of  Nova  Scotia.  Lardo, 
Kootenay  Lake,  June  17,  1905,  male  (J.  Chester  Bradley),  Cornell 
University. 

Washington. — "  Wash.  T.,"  no  date,  female,  collection  U.  S. 
National  Museum.  Logie  Creek,  Yakima  Co.,  June  16,  191 3,  three 
males  and  two  females  (Clarence  H.  Kennedy).  Concerning  these 
specimens  Mr.  Kenned}^  writes  as  follows :  "  They  were  taken  on 
alder,  sumac  and  balsam  trees  along  Logie  Creek.  Their  call  is  not 
like  the  17-year  form,  nor  like  the  eastern  harvest  flies,  but  consists 
of  just  a  few  clicks.  Until  I  stumbled  on  to  one  clicking  it  had  not 
occurred  to  me  that  they  were  cicadas."  One  of  the  males  from 
Yakima  Co.  is  figured  and  genitalia  drawn. 


June,  1920.]  Davis:  Xokth  American-  Cicadas.  Ill 

Oregon. — Dilley,  female  in  tlic  collection  of  the  Museum  Brooklyn 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  female  in  the  writer's  collection,  and 
a  male  and  female  in  the  collection  of  H.  G.  Barhcr.  all  without  date. 
\\'ilson,  June  7.  1915,  female  (M.  M.  Rheer).  Corvallis,  May,  1901, 
male;  May.  1908,  female  (Elta  Baber)  ;  May  28,  Vnale  (Mark 
Wright)  ;  June  5,  1912,  male  (L.  G.  Gentner)  ;  male  without  date  (W. 
J.  Chamherlin).  Mary's  Peak,  Lincoln  Co.,  May.  three  males  and 
one  female  (W.  J.  Chamherlin).  Odell,  June  10,  1914,  male.  In  the 
collection  of  the  Oregon  Agricultural  College  there  is  a  long  series 
of  over  forty  specimens  of  arcolata  which  I  have  been  permitted  to 
examine  through  the  courtesy  of  Prof.  A.  C.  Lovett.  Those  from 
Corvallis  range  in  date  from  April  i  (1897)  to  June  16  (1896). 
There  is.  however,  a  single  male  from  Hood  River,  August  15,  19 13, 
and  another  male  labeled  Philomarth,  Sept.  14,  1906  (Schranck). 
Two  females  were  collected  in  the  Santiam  National  Forest,  April 
27,  1915,  by  W.  J.  Chamherlin. 

Idaho. — Wallace,  June  9,  1915,  male,  two  females;  ]\Iay  2,  1916, 
male;  'Sla.y  3.  1916,  male  and  female;  May  23,  1916.  female;  ]\Iay  31, 
1916,  female;  June  9,  1916,  female;  May  8.  1917.  male;  May  9,  1917, 
male;  May  14,  1917.  three  females;  ]\Iay  18.  1917.  male;  June  3,  1918, 
female;  June  9,  1918,  female;  June  18,  1918,  male;  June  24,  1918, 
female;  April  24.  19 19.  male;  April  2S,  1919.  male;  April  30,  1919, 
male;  May  12,  1919,  female;  May  14,  1919.  female;  May  16.  1919, 
male  and  female;  ]\Iay  18,  1919,  male;  May  25,  1919,  female;  June  i, 
19 1 9,  female;  June  22,  1919,  two  females  (Otto  Huellemann).  This 
long  series  of  twelve  males  and  nineteen  females  collected  during  the 
past  five  years  by  Mr.  Huellemann  show  no  variation.  Mt.  Moscow, 
female  (Frank  Magee).  ?iIoscow  !Mts.,  July  8,  1898,  female,  collec- 
tion Am.  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Troy.  May  31,  1908,  two 
females  (  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.),  collection  Academy  Natural  Sciences, 
Philadelphia. 

Montana. — Bonner,  May  26,  1904.  male,  collection  Brooklyn  Insti- 
tute of  Arts  and  Sciences.  Bear  Dance.  Flat  Head  Co.,  June  7.  191 2, 
male.  Four  other  specimens  from  Bear  Dance,  collected  June  7,  191 2, 
and  two  females  from  Thompson  Falls,  Missoula  Co.,  are  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  Montana  Agrictultural  Experiment  Station. 

California. — Humboldt  Co.,  May  22.   1911.  male   (F.  W.  Xunen- 


112 


TouR^^A.L  Xew  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xxviii. 


macher).  Siskiyou  Co.,  June  i,  1911,  female  (F.  W.  Nunenmacher). 
In  the  writer's  collection  there  are  also  two  males  and  three  females 
collected  in  Mariposa  Co.,  June  6  and  17,  1914,  that  may  not  be 
areolata  as  they  are  very  much  smaller,  expanding  from  40  to  46 
millimeters. 

Platypedia  similis  new  species.     Plate  V,  fig.  6. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female  from  Sonoma  Co.,  California,  ]March  15, 
1914.     Davis  collection. 

Resembles  Platypedia  areolata.  but  is  smaller  and  has  a  differently  shaped 
uncus. 

Shape  of  head  as  in  areolata,  except  that  the  front  is  usually  a  little  more 
prominent.  The  frontal  sulcus  is  well  defined  and  continuous,  whereas  in 
areolata  it  is  interrupted  at  about  the  seventh  or  eighth  transverse  ridge,  with 
the  ridge  itself  often  plainly  continuing  across  the  sulcus.  The  uncus  is  almost 
straight  for  the  distal  half  or  more  of  the  lower  line  except  for  a  subapical 
sinuation,  while  the  dorsal  arch  is  higher,  also  more  suddenly  declivitous  at 
the   extremity  than   in   areolata.     The  last  ventral   segment  in   the   male   is   not 


m 


V 


Platypedia    similis 


as  broadly  rounded  at  the  extremity  as  in  areolata.  The  notch  in  the  last 
ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  the  same  in  both  species,  that  is  V-shaped. 
The  body  is  black  with  a  brassy  tinge,  and  the  usual  paler  marks  are 
yellowish  orange  as  in  areolata  ;  the  legs  are  almost  wholly  chestnut  colored  ; 
the  membranes  at  the  base  of  the  fore  wings  are  almost  white,  and  the  venation 
of  both  pairs  of  wings,  except  about  the  marginal  cells,  is  pale  in  the  types. 
The  collar  or  hind  margin  of  pronotum  is  usually  more  broadly  pale  colored 
than  in  areolata 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 


Male  Type. 

Length    of   body    21.5 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 5.5 


Female  Allotype. 
18 

5-5 


June,i920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTII    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  113 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   43  43 

Length  of  valve   5.3 

In  addition  to  the  tyjjc  and  allotype  specimens  have  l)ccn  examined 
from  nimierous  localities  in  California,  wliicli  it  will  he  noted  are 
generally  near  the  western  part  of  the  state  and  west  of  the  Coast 
Ran.2:e. 

California. — Sonoma  Co..  Feliruary,  1913,  male  (Oslar);  March 
10,  1914,  male  and  five  females;  March  15,  1914,  two  males;  May  i, 
1914.  male  and  four  females;  April,  two  males,  four  females. 
Eldridge.  Sonoma  Co..  April  19.  191 7.  three  males.  Sonoma  Co., 
May  2,  191 7,  two  males.  San  Mateo  Co.,  June  8,  191 7,  two  females 
(F.  W.  Nunenmacher).  Crystal  Lake,  San  Mateo  Co.,  May  14.  191 6, 
male  (Dr.  F.  E.  Blaisdell).  Santa  Cruz  Co.,  April,  191 7,  male  (E.  R. 
Leach).  Palo  Alto,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  ^May  26,  1914,  male  and  female 
(Clarence  H.  Kennedy).  ]\Iilpitas,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  May  4,  male 
(  R.  J.  Smith).  Havilah,  Kern  Co..  June,  1913,  female.  Los  Angeles, 
May  20.  1918.  male,  and  Griffith  Park.  Los  Angeles,  May  13,  1918, 
male  (Frank  Morton  Jones). 

In  the  collection  of  the  Museum  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  there  is  a  male  from  Camp  Taylor.  Marin  Co..  Cali- 
fornia. June.  1906,  in  which  the  transverse  ruga;,  the  femora,  tihiai 
and  costal  margin  of  the  fore  wings  are  of  a  red-orange  color.  The 
transverse  ruga;  are  usually  black  in  siiiiilis,  but  except  in  color  the 
specimen  appears  to  be  a  similis. 

In  Mr.  E.  P.  Van  Duzee's  collection  there  are  the  following  from 
Marin  Co.,  California: — Lagunitas,  ]\Iarch  9.  1913,  male  (Dr.  E.  C. 
Van  Dyke);  Mt.  Tamalpais,  May  7.  191 1,  female  (Dr.  E.  C.  Van 
Dyke). 

While  this  species  resembles  arcolata  in  coloring,  the  uncus  differs 
more  in  shape  than  does  that  of  arcolata  from  pui)iami.  The  form  of 
the  frontal  sulcus  also  seems  to  be  a  good  character  whereby  similis 
may  be  separated  from  arcolata. 

Platypedia  falcata  new  species.     Plate  V.  fig.  7. 

Type  male.  El  Paso,  Texas,  .\ugust  (G.  \V.   Dunn).     Davis  collection. 
Head  narrow  across  the  eyes,  front  prominent  and  clothed  with  long  black 
hairs  on  face  with  silvery  hairs  beneath  the  eyes.     Top  of  head,  pronotum  and 


114 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [VoI.xxn'III. 


mesonotum  clothed  with  long  black  hairs.  Beneath  extremely  hairy,  the  hairs 
light  in  color.  The  uncus,  much  bent  downward  at  extremity  as  shown  in  the 
illustratioji.  The  usual  pale  markings  are  present  but  are  more  chestnut  col- 
ored than  they  commonly  are.  In  the  fore  wings  the  costal  margin  to  the  end 
of  the  radial  cell,  likewise  most  of  the  venation  except  about  the  marginal 
cells  is  chestnut  colored  :  the  basal  membranes  are  almost  white.     The  femora 


03 


Platypedia     falcata 

are  chestnut   colored,  those   of  the   first  pair   of  legs   blackish   beneath,   and   of 
the  other  two  pairs  striped  on  the  sides  with  black. 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type. 

Length  of  body 20 

Width  of  head  across  eyes   5.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings    46 

Length  of  valve   5 

This  species  may  be  known  from  the  other  members  of  the  genus 
by  the  differently  shaped  uncus,  and  the  long  stiff  black  hairs  on  the 
front  of  the  head,  and  on  other  parts  of  the  body.  Only  the  type  has 
so  far  been  examined.  ^ 


Platypedia  aperta  Van  Duzee.     Plate  V,  fig.  8. 

1915.     Journal  N.  Y.  Entomological  Society,  XXIII,  p.  29. 

Jn  the  original  description  this  species  is  said  to  be  "about  16  mm. 

to   tip   of   abdomen,   with   the   elytral   venation   black   and  the   inner 

margin  of  the  second  ulnar  areole  more   rectilinear,   scarcely  more 

angled  than  in  arcolata."     No  other  species  of  the  genus  so  far  ex- 


June,  1920.]  Davis:  XoRTH  American-  Cicadas.  115 

amined  has  the  uncus  "  nearly  as  broad  as  long,"  as  it  is  in  apcrta.  In 
the  female  the  notch  in  the  last  ventral  segment  is  broadly  V-shaped. 
In  this  species  the  fore  wings  are  of  the  same  general  shape  as  in 


SO 

Platvped/a   apekta 

putnami  and  arcolata,  that  is  proportionately  narrower  than  in  van- 
diiaeci,  minor  and  barbata. 

The  species  was  described  from  seven  males  and  two  females 
taken  by  ^Ir.  Van  Duzee  at  Alpine,  San  Diego  Co.,  California,  June 
8.  191 3,  and  June  6.  1914.  and  one  male  from  San  Diego  city,  taken 
May  20,  1913.  Three  of  the  cotypes.  taken  on  June  6,  1914,  have  been 
kindly  contributed  to  the  writer's  collection  by  Mr.  Van  Duzee.  The 
holotype,  San  Diego  Co.,  Calif.,  June  8.  1913.  male  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee), 
is  figured  on  the  plate.  Prof.  Wm.  S.  Wright  has  sent  three  females 
from  San  Diego,  Calif.,  collected  ]\Iay  24,  1913. 

Platypedia  vanduzeei  new  species.     Plate  V,  fig.  g. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female,  San  Diego  Co.,  California,  March  22,  1914 
(E.  P.  Van  Duzee).     Collection  California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

Front  of  head  moderately  produced,  with  the  sulcus  distinct  and  the  sides 
nearly  parallel,  not  expanding  below  the  middle  as  in  minor.  Head  broader 
across  the  eyes  than  the  front  margin  of  the  pronotum  ;  sides  of  the  pronotum 
nearly  parallel  until  just  before  the  posterior  angles  when  the  pronotum  is 
suddenly  widened  at  the  collar.  Body  very  hairy,  the  hairs  on  the  head  and 
pronotum  darker  than  those  on  the  rest  of  the  body,  especially  on  the  under 
side,  where  they  are  almost  white.  Fore  wings  with  the  front  margin  evenly 
but  considerably  curved  ;  the  wings  themselves  are  broader  across  the  middle 
than  in  aperta.  Uncus  when  viewed  from  above  broadly  lanceolate  and  sub- 
acute at  ape.x,  its  width  about  half  the  length;  seen  in  profile  when  raised 
above  the  valve  it  resembles  the  upturned  head  of  a  broad-headed  snake.  In 
the  female  the  notch  in  the  last  ventral  segment  \'-shaped. 


116  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [VoL  xxviii. 

General  color  bronze-black,  the  abdomen  more  shining.  Membranes  at 
base  of  fore  wings  orange ;  costal  margin  dull  orange  to  end  of  radial  cell ; 
veins  surrounding  the  apical  areas  of  both  pairs  of  wings  black  or  nearly  so. 
The  pale  marks  on  the  body  are  those  usual  to  the  genus.  The  fore  femora 
are  black  beneath,  paler  above,  usually  chestnut  colored,  sometimes  striped. 


ATYPEBIA    VANXIUZEEl 


Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length  of  body  14  i3-S 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 4.5  4.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings    35  36 

Length  of  valve    '.....        2.5 

In  addition  to  the  type  and  allotype  the  following  have  been  ex- 
amined from  California: — San  Diego,  May  5,  1891,  three  males,  and 
May  10,  1891,  one  female  (Dr.  F.  E.  Blaisdell)  ;  San  Diego  Comity, 
March  22,  1914,  four  females  (E.  P.  Van  Duzee).  In  Mr.  Van 
Duzee's  collection  there  are  three  males  and  one  female  also  collected 
by  him  in  San  Diego  County,  March  22,  1914.  Los  Angeles,  1887, 
male  (Coquillett).  Hills  near  Los  Angeles,  May  11,  1915,  female 
(Alonzo  Davis)  ;  Los  Angeles,  May  27,  1916,  two  males  (Alonzo 
Davis).  Griffith  Pa'rk,  Los  Angeles,  May  11,  1918,  male  and  two 
females,  and  May  13,  19 18,  male  (Frank  Morton  Jones).  Pasadena, 
June  19,  1916,  female  and  May,  1918,  male  (Alonzo  Davis).  Uni- 
versal City,  June  9,  1915,  male  (C.  A.  Hill).  Santa  Barbara,  May 
5,  1919,  sixteen  males  and  six  females.  May  20.  1919,  four  males  and 
two  females  (F.  E.  Winters).  "California,"  six  males  and  four 
females. 

Mr.  Winters  writes  of  the  cicadas  he  collected  at  Santa  Barbara 
as  follows :  "  In  the  first  week  of  May  I  caught  my  first  cicadas  on 


June,  1920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTII    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  117 

the  steep  embankment  of  a  hill  road  struck  by  the  afternoon  sun  and 
protected  by  the  hill  and  hutce  eucalptus  trees  from  the  sea  winds. 
They  were  sitting  on  wild  anise  or  dill,  preferring  the  stem  about  two 
feet  from  the  ground.  They  were  not  very  shy  and  picking  them  with 
my  fingers  I  found  the  best  method  of  collecting.  Sweeping  did  not 
prove  effective,  for  as  soon  as  the  outer  branches  of  the  wild  anise, 
which  reaches  a  height  of  three  or  four  feet,  were  hit.  they  would 
let  themselves  drop  before  llio  main  stem  was  reached  by  the  net. 
They  cling  to  the  stem  head  up."  The  cicadas  were  confined  to  the 
before-mentioned  embankment  of  the  short  hill  road,  about  300  yards 
in  length,  and  Mr.  Winters  was  unable  to  find  a  single  specimen  in 
any  other  locality.  He  continues :  "  Collected  on  the  20th  inst.  some 
more  of  the  cicadas,  six  in  all,  but  confined  to  one  bush,  and  not  a 
single  one  anywhere  else." 

In  the  Uhler  collection,  U.  S.  National  Museum  there  is  a  single 
male  labeled  "  Nevada." 

This  species  is  smaller  than  minor  and  resembles  in  size  both 
apcrta  and  barbata.  From  the  former  it  differs  in  having  broader 
fore  wings  and  a  narrower  uncus;  from  barbata  it  may  be  told  by  the 
'  front  margin  of  the  fore  wing  having  a  more  even  curve,  that  is  not 
as  bent  at  the  end  of  the  radial  cell,  and  by  tlic  shape  of  the  uncus  as 
figured.  In  the  female  the  notch  in  the  last  ventral  segment  is  not 
as  broadly  V-shaped  as  in  apcrta. 

In  his  Preliminary  -Review  of  the  West  Coast  Cicadida;  already 
referred  to,  Mr.  Van  Duzee  writes  of  this  species  under  the  name  of 
viiiior  Uhler,  as  follows:  "This  distinct  little  species  seems  to  be  con- 
•  fined  to  the  southern  portion  of  the  state  where  it  is  very  abundant 
at  times.  It  is  found  on  grassy  hillsides  from  tlie  last  of  March  to 
about  the  first  of  July  where  it  may  generally  be  found  resting  on  the 
stems  of  the  sage  bush.  It  has  a  short  peeping  note  which  is  difticult 
to  locate." 

The  reasons  for  having  first  identified  this  insect  as  minor  Uhler, 
are  considered  in  the  remarks  on  tliat  species. 

Platypedia  minor  IhKr.     Plate  V,  fig.  10. 

1888.     Entoniologica  Anuricana.  I\',  p.  81. 

In  the  original  descrijition  it  is  stated,  "  color  a  bronze-black,  more 
highly  jiolished  upon  the  tergum  than  elsewhere;  the  surface,  except- 


118 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    t'^'o'-  xxviii. 


ing  the  tergum  and  notum  invested  with  long  gray,  or  yellowish  hairs 
and  with  white  hairs  around  the  meso-thoracic  cross  .  .  .  front  having 
the  sulcus  distinct  from  the  base  to  below  the  middle,  and  thence  ex- 
panding and  becoming  effaced,  with  the  margins  distinctly  carinated, 
and  the  transverse  grooves  distinct  .  .  .  legs  flavo-piceous,  clothed 
with  long  remote  white  hairs  and  bristles,  the  coxse.  knees,  and  tarsi 
dark  piceous.  Wing-covers  hyaline,  somewhat  tinged  with  fulvous 
at  base,  .  .  .  membrane  of  base  of  wings  and  basal  portion  of  nervures 
white."  Length  of  body  16-17  ^'^^  >  to  tip  of  closed  wings  22-23  ^^-  ] 
width  of  base  of  pronotum  5^-6  mm.  The  type  material  is  said  to  be 
■■  Three  specimens  examined  from  Southern  California,"  all  males. 


m 


Platypodia    minor 


Recently  the  Uhler  collection  in  the  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum was  examined  to  see  if  the  three  males  used  in  the  original 
description  could  be  found.  A  male  was  discovered  bearing  three 
labels.  The  first  reads  '"  Cal.  S. " ;  the  second  "Platypodia  minor 
Uhler,  San  Mateo,"  and  the  third  "Platypcdia  minor  Uhler,  San 
Mateo,  Det.  Uhler."  The  fact  that  "  Cal.  S."  is  on  this  specimen 
would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  belonged  to  the  type  series,  though 
San  Mateo  is  only  about  half  way  down  the  coast  of  California. 
Though  now  old  and  slightly  broken  this  insect  answers  Uhler's  de- 
scription. A  figure  of  the  specimen  is  given  on  our  plate.  The  uncus 
it  rather  slender,  nearly  straight  below,  arcuated  above. 

In  his  note  on  Platypcdia  minor,  Journal  N.  Y.  Ento.  Soc,  Vol. 
XXIII,  p.  28,  191 5,  Mr.  Van  Duzee  stated  that  what  he  was  identify- 
ing as  jninor  was  somewhat  smaller  than  called  for  in  the  original 
description,  and  that  the  true  minor  might  be  one  of  the  other  species 


June,  i9::o.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTII    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  •  119 

mentioned  in  his  paper.  We  now  find  this  to  he  the  case  thus  making 
Platypcdia  intermedia  a  synonym  of  minor.  The  statement  hy  Uhler 
that  his  minor  came  from  Southern  California  was  misleading::. 

This  insect  seems  to  he  very  common  in  parts  of  California  and 
numerous  examples  have  heen  examined  as  follows : — Humholdt  Co., 
May  15.  191 1,  female;  May  22,  191 1,  female  (F.  \V.  Nunenmacher). 
Trinity  Co..  May  7.  191 7,  six  males,  four  females;  May  8,  191 7,  one 
male,  three  females;  May  30,  1917.  four  males,  five  females  (F.  W. 
Nunenmacher);  May  30,  1917.  three  females;  April  18.  1918,  male; 
June  16.  1918,  male  (E.  R.  Leaclij.  Mendocino  Co..  May  10,  1919, 
six  males  and  six  females  (E.  R.  Leach).  Ukiah,  Mendocino  Co., 
April  23.  1919.  six  males,  three  females;  April  30,  1919,  four  males, 
one  female;  May  2,  1919.  male;  May  6,  1919,  three  males,  three  fe- 
males; May  26,  1919,  male;  May  2^.  1919,  nine  males;  May  30,  1919, 
two  males  and  one  female  (Esther  P.  Hewlett).  Sonoma  Co.,  March 
15,  1914,  one  male,  four  females;  March  31,  1914,  six  males;  April, 
19 14,  three  males,  one  female;  May  i,  19 14.  two  males,  two  females; 
May  5.  1914,  two  males;  May  10,  1914,  three  males,  two  females; 
May  20,  1914.  female.  Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co.,  April  19,  1917,  male; 
April  20,  1917.  two  females;  April  28,  1917,  one  male,  four  females. 
Sonoma  Co.,  May  2,  1917,  five  males,  three  females  (J.  A.  Kusche) 
received  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Morgan  Hehard.  Fairfax, 
Marin  Co..  April  5.  1914.  male;  May  7,  191 1,  female  (Dr.  E.  C.  Van 
Dyke).  Muir  Woods,  Marirr  Co.,  April  23,  191 1,  male  (Dr.  F.  E. 
Blaisdell).  Contra  Costa  Co..  May  6,  1918,  male  (E.  R.  Leach). 
Mills  College.  Alameda  Co.,  April  25,  1908.  Alameda  Co.,  May  20, 
1909,  female  (F.  W.  Nunenmacher).  Palo  Alto,  Santa  Clara  Co.,  six 
males,  four  females  (Clarence  H.  Kennedy).  Crystal  Lake,  San 
Mateo  Co.,  May  7,  1916,  male;  May  14,  1916,  female  (Dr.  F.  E. 
Blaisdell).  San  ]\Iateo  Co..  June  8.  191 7,  female  (E.  R.  Leach).  San 
Louis  Ohispo.  April,  female. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  E.  P.  \'an  Duzee  the  writer  has  heen 
enabled  to  examine  the  following  from  his  collection : — Sohre  Vista, 
Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  May  12,  1910,  male  holotype  of  intermedia  Van  D. ; 
Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  May  15,  1914,  male  (J.  A.  Kusche)  ; 
Fairfax.  Marin  Co.,  Calif.,  ^L'ly  7,  191 1,  female  (E.  C.  \'an  r\vke). 
In   the   collection   of   the   Dei)t.  of   Agriculture.   Harri>l)urg,   Pa., 


120  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xxviii. 

examined  through  the  courtesy  of  Josef  N.  Knull,  there  are  two  males 
from  Corte  Madera,  Marin  Co.,  CaHf.,  April  17,  1915. 

In  the  United  States  National  Museum  there  are  the  following 
from  California : — Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  three  males  and  a  female ;  San 
Jose,  male  (A.  E.  Bush)  ;  Napa  Co.,  female  (J.  J.  Rivers). 

In  the  Academy  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  there  is  a  male 
from  Mt.  Diablo,  Pine  Canyon,  California,  May  10,  1893. 

In  the  writer's  collection  there  are  twenty-two  males  and  thirty- 
five  females  collected  at  Glenwood  Springs,  Colorado,  June,  19 19 
(Oslar).  Glenwood  Springs  is  on  the  Grand  River,  one  of  the  tribu- 
taries of  the  Colorado.  We  have  also  seen  a  female  of  this  species 
from  the  collection  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  labeled  Nevada. 
In  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  there  is  a  male  labeled 
Mazatlan,  Mexico.  It  is  an  old,  discolored  specimen,  but  the  charac- 
ters are  all  plain  including  the  shape  of  the  uncus.  It  appears  to 
belong  to  the  species  tuider  consideration. 

Platypedia  barbata  new  species.     Plate  V,  fig.  11. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female  from  San  Louis  Obispo,  California,  April. 
Davis  collection. 

Resembles  Platypedia  vanduzeei  in  size,  but  may  be  separated  by  the 
broader  fore  wings  which  have  the  costal  margin  rather  suddenly  bent,  and 
by  the  narrower  uncus,  as  mentioned  in  the  key. 

Front  of  head  moderately  prominent,'  about  as  much  so  as  in  vanditzeei; 
sides   of  pronotum   not   as   parallel   as   in  vanduaeei,  but   somewhat   converging 


PLATYPEDI/i     BAX^ATA 

toward  the  eyes.  Excepting  the  tergum  the  bpdy  is  covered  with  long  hairs 
both  above  and  below,  the  hairs  on  the  under  side  are  white  except  on  the 
face  where  they  are  almost  black.  The  pale  colors  of  the  upper  surface  are 
those  common  to  the  genus,  and  as  in  aperta  and  vanduseei,  except  that  the 
membranes  at  the  base  of  the  fore  wings  are  more  red  than  orange.  Beneath 
the   legs   are   mostly   chestnut   colored,    the    anterior   femora   darkened   beneath 


June,  1920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTII    AmF.RICAX    CiCADAS.  121 

and  all  of  the  femora  faintly  striped.  Tibiae  darkened  at  the  knees.  Uncus 
when  viewed  from  above  long  and  narrow,  riJiinded  at  the  extremity,  faintly 
keeled  near  the  base ;  seen  in  profile  sinuate  along  the  lower  margin.  Last 
ventral  segment  of  the  female  allotype  has  the  notch  U-shaped,  and  not 
broadly  V-shaped  as  in  afcria,  nor  more  narrowly  V-shaped  as  in  vanduseei. 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length   of   body    i5o  i6 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 4-"5  5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   36  40 

Length  of  valve    3-5 

Only  the  type 'and  allotype  have  so  far  been  examined.  Though 
it  resembles  minor  in  some  features  and  vanduzcci  in  others,  this  is  a 
very  distinct  species. 

Neoplatypedia  new  genus. 

In  this  genus  the  front  wings  have  seven  apical  areoles,  instead 
of  eight  as  in  Platypcdia,  and  the  costal  vein  is  strongly  expanded 
and  bent  beyond  the  middle  of  the  radial  cell.  When  the  insect  is 
turned  over,  the  wings,  if  closed,  are  seen  to  cover  about  the  apical 
third  of  the  abdomen;  in  Platypcdia  the  entire  under  side  of  the  ab- 
domen is  plainly  in  view.  The  uncus  is  remarkably  long  and  up- 
turned at  the  extremity.     Type  Platypcdia  aiiipliaia  Van  Duzee. 

Uncus  when  viewed  from  above  slipper-shaped,  the  sides  evenly  converging  to 
the  rather  sharp  point ;  when  seen  in  profile,  the  point  rather  suddenly  up- 
turned. Membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  almost  white.  Expands  38  to  43 
millimeters.     Occurs  in  California. ampliata  (Van  Duzee). 

Uncus  when  viewed  from  above  suddenly  constricted  at  about  one  third  of  the 
distance  from  the  rather  sharp  point ;  when  seen  in  profile  with  the  point 
gradually  and  moderately  upturned,  but  not  as  much  so  as  in  ai)ifliata. 
Membranes  at  base  of  fore  wings  orange.  Expands  40  to  44  millimeters. 
Occurs  in  Arizona,  Colorado,  Utah,  California constricta  new  species. 

Neoplatypedia  ampliata  (Van  Duzee).     Plate  V,  fig.  12. 

19 1 5.     Platyf'edia  ampliata  Van  Duzee.     Journal  X.  Y.  Entomological  So- 
ciety, XXin,  p.  29. 

The  original  description  states  that  the  remarkably  broad  fore 
wings  are  obviously  angled  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costal  areole,  and 
that  the  costal  nervure  is  broadly  expanded,  especially  in  the  male, 
reaching  a  width  of  nearly  one  millimeter.  Body  clothed  with  long 
blackish  hairs  which  become  gray  beneath  and  on  either  side  of  the 
mesonotal  X-     Front  strongly  produced;  last  ventral  segment  of  the 


122 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    ['^'o'-  xxviii. 


male  narrow  and  rounded  at  apex,  valve  moderately  long  and  ex- 
panded at  base ;  uncus  lanceolate  with  the  slender  point  upturned  and 
attaining  the  apex  of  the  valve.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female 
with  a  narrow  subacute  incision  reaching  nearly  to  its  base.  "  Color 
black;  supra  antennal  plates,  a  small  dot  at  the  b&se  of  the  vertex  con- 


Neoplatypedia  ampliata 


tinned  as  a  median  line  on  the  pronotum  which  does  not  reach  the 
hind  margin,  narrow  hind  edge  of  the  pronotum,  sides  of  the  meso- 
notal  X  posteriorly,  elytral  nervures  except  close  to  their  base,  de- 
pressed sides  of  the  pronotum  and  legs  in  part,  pale.''  Length  i6 
mm.,  expanse  38  mm.  The  species  was  "  described  from  one  male 
without  locality,  in  the  collection  of  the  University  of  California,  and 
two  females  from  Mary's  River,  Oregon,  received  from  Dr.  Wilson." 
Mr.  Van  Duzee  has  kindly  sent  me  the  male  holotype  for  examination, 
and  it  is  figured  on  the  accompanying  plate.  It  is  immature  which 
accounts  for  the  costal  nervure  being  so  flattened  out  in  mounting; 
usually  it  is  stiffer  and  less  pliable.  The  membranes  at  base  of  fore 
wings  are  white. 

The  following  specimens  have  been  examined : 

Oregon. — Mary's  River,  female,  collection  Oregon  Agricultural 
College.  In  this  individual  the  notch  in  the  last  ventral  segment  is 
a  "  subacute  incision  "  and  narrower  than  in  the  twenty  females  of 
constricta  examined  from  Arizona.  It  expands  38  mm. ;  membranes 
at  base  of  fore  wings  yellowish  white;  fore  femora  black  except  at 
extremities. 

California. — Contra  Costa  Co.,  May  6,  1918,  male.  The  genitalia 
of  this  specimen  have  been  drawn  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Olsen.     The  mem- 


June,  1920.] 


Davis:  M'orth  American"  Cicadas. 


123 


branes  at  the  base  of  the  fore  wiuijs  are  white.  In  the  Am.  Museum 
of  Natural  History  there  is  a  male  lal)eled  "'  California.'"  The  uncus 
is  tapered  s:radually  to  the  upturned  point;  membranes  at  base  of  fore 
winc;:s  white;  fore  femora  black,  upper  surface  with  longitudinal 
chestnut  colored  stripes. 

Neoplatypedia  constricta  new  species.     Plate  V,  fig.  13. 

Type  male  and  allotype  female  from  Trumble  Mountain,  Mohave  Co., 
Arizona,   1919  (J.  A.  Crosby).      Davis  collection. 

Resembles  Neoplatypedia  ainpliata  in  size  and  general  coloring,  but  may 
be  separated  by  the  following  characters:  The  uncus  instead  of  being  evenly 
narrowed  to  the  extremity  is  constricted  about  one  third  of  the  distance  from 
the  tip  ;  when  seen  in  profile  the  uncus  is  not  so  suddenly  upturned,  and  though 
bent  upward  the  curve  is  more  gradual.  The  head  is  narrower  across  the 
eyes  than  in  ainpliata.     In  the  male  the  abdomen  when  viewed  from  above  is 


m 


NfOPLATYPEB/A    CONSTRICTA 

rather  suddenly  constricted  beyond  the  sixth  segment,  whereas  in  ainpliata  it 
tapers  more  evenly  to  the  end  of  the  body.  In  the  female  allotype  the  notch 
in  the  last  ventral  segment  reaches  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  segment  and  is 
wider  open  than  the  notch  in  the  female  ainpliata  examined  from  Mary's  River, 
Oregon.  Fore  femora  black  or  nearly  so,  except  at  the  extremities.  Mem- 
branes at  base  of  fore  wings  orange ;  in  ampliata  they  are  white  or  yellowish 
white.  The  supra-antennal  plates,  a  median  line  on  the  pronotum,  narrow 
hind  edge  of  the  pronotum,  and  sides  of  the  mesonotal  X  posteriorly,  are  pale, 
as  is  usual  in  Platypedia. 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length    of   body    18  18 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 5.25  6 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   42  44 

Length  of  valve   4 


124  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    C^''^'-  ^xviii. 

In  addition  to  the  type  and  allotype  fifty-nine  males  and  twenty 
females  collected  by  J.  A.  Crosby  at  Trumble  Mountain,  Mohave  Co., 
Arizona,  in  the  spring  or  early  summer  of  1919,  have  been  examined. 
The  following  have  also  been  seen: — Stockton,  Utah,  May  16,  1916, 
female  (Tom  Spalding).  Beaver  Valley,  Utah,  male;  South  Creek, 
Beaver  Co.,  Utah,  male;  Washington  Co.,  Utah,  June,  1917,  male  (G. 
P.  Engelhardt),  collection  Museum  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Sciences. 

Bondad,  Colorado,  June  27,  1919,  about  6,100  ft.,  fifteen  males, 
twenty-two  females,  collection  Am.  Museum  of  Natural  History. 
When  these  specimens  were  collected  by  Dr.  F.  E.  Lutz,  he  noted  that 
they  "  sang  ::ip,  zip,  zip,  zip  for  a  long  time." 

In  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  there  is  a  male  and  female  labeled 
Los  Angeles  Co.,  Cal.,  May  (Coquillett).  These  are  blue  black  in 
•  color,  particularly  the  head,  pronotum  and  mesonotum ;  the  mem- 
branes at  the  base  of  fore  wings  are  bright  orange ;  the  uncus  in  the 
male  is  constricted  near  the  extremity,  though  not  as  much  so  as  in 
the  examples  from  Arizona,  Utah  and  Colorado.  The  notch  in  the 
last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  as  wide  as  in  the  female  allotype 
from  Arizona.  In  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  there  are  two 
immature  males  from  Bear  Lake,  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  Cali- 
fornia; May  13,  1919  (J.  O.  Martin),  which  have  the  membranes  at 
the  base  of  the  fore  wings  bright  orange. 

Genus  Melampsalta  Kolenati. 

In  Mr.  Distant's  Synonymic  Catalogue  of  Homoptera,  Part  I, 
Cicadidae  (1906),  the  type  of  the  genus  Melampsalta  is  given  as 
miisiva  Germar,  of  the  old  world,  and  other, species  of  the  genus  are 
^  recorded  from  continental  Europe,  Africa  and  Asia,  also  from  Japan, 
Australia  and  New  Zealand.  One  species  is  listed  doubtfully  from 
Surinam  and  Melampsalta  parviila  Say,  from  North  America.  In 
his  Rhynchotal  Notes,  XXXV,  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  His- 
tory, series  7,  1905,  Mr.  Distant  considers  Melampsalta  a  "congested 
genus." 

In  Melampsalta  the  median  and  cubitus  veins  coalesce  near  the 
base  of  the  fore  wing,  whereas  in  the  other  genera  of  Cicadas  in 
America  north  of  Mexico,  these  veins  reach  the  basal  cell  or  arculus 
separately.     Normally  in  calliope  {parviila)  there  are  six  apical  areas 


June,  1920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTH    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  125 

in  eacli  hind  wing,  but  there  are  occasional  specimens  with  but  five. 
Sometimes  one  wing  has  five  and  the  other  six.  In  the  wTiter's  col- 
lection two  female  calliope  from  Louisiana  have  five  apical  areas  in 
each  hind  wing,  and  a  male  from  Alabama  has  five  apical  areas  in  the 
left  hind  wing  and  six  in  the  right.  A  male  from  Clarke  Co.,  Mis- 
sissippi, has  five  apical  areas  in 'each  hiiul  wing.  I'his  specimen  is 
figured  on  the  plate.  In  Entomologica  Americana,  Vol.  IV,  p.  82, 
1888,  Uhler  states:  "Several  specimens  of  .1/.  parvnla  [calliope] 
have  been  examined  by  myself,  in  which  six  apical  areoles  were 
present  in  one  wing  and  five  in  the  opposite  one." 

While  in  kaiisa  the  median  and  cubitus  veins  unite  near  the  base 
of  the  fore  wing,  thus  placing  it  in  the  Division  Melampsaltaria  Dis- 
tant, the  fact  that  it  has  but  five  apical  areas  in  the  hind  wing  would 
seem  to  consign  it  to  the  genus  Panropsalta  Coding  and  Froggatt. 
In  the  original  description  of  the  genus  the  head  is  said  to  be  as 
■'  wide  or  a  little  broader  than  front  of  pronotum."  It  is  narrower 
than  front  of  pronotum  in  kansa,  and  the  illustration  of  the  venation 
and  shape  of  the  fore  wing  of  Icnrcnsis  Coding  and  Froggatt,  the  type 
of  the  genus,  from  Australia  and  Tasmania,  show  other- differences. 
So  it  has  been  thought  best  for  the  present  to  leave  kansa  in  the  genus 
Mclampsalta. 

As  the  gen,us  Mclampsalta  is  not  a  congested  one  in  North  Amer- 
ica, it  will  do  for  the  present  to  also  include  camcrona  therein,  though 
there  is  the  same  objection  as  in  kansa,  namely  the  small  number  of 
apical  fereas  in  the  hind  wing.  However,  this  character  has  here  been 
shown  to  be  variable  to  some  extent  in  the  same  species. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Melamps.alt.a. 

(Mentioned  in  this  paper.) 

Hind  wings  with  6  apical  areas;  rarely  there  are  specimens  with  but  five. 

Females  straw  colored,  occasionally  with  dark  marks  on  the  head  and 
thorax.     Males  usually  smaller  and  with  dark  marks.     Females  expand 

about  3,7  mm. ;  males  about  35  mm calliope  (Walker). 

Both   sexes  green,  immaculate,   or  nearly  so. 

calliope  var.  floridensis  new  variety. 
Hind  wings  with  4  or  5  apical  areas. 

Hind  wings  with  5  apical  areas;  body  slim,  of  the  same  width  across  the 
region  of  the  tympanal  openings  as  immediately  above  and  below.  Both 
sexes  immaculate  green  and  of  the  same  size ;  expands  about  32  mm. 

kansa  Davis. 


126  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    H'o'-  xxyiii 

Hind  wings  with  4  or  5  apical  areas  ;  body  broader  across  the  region  of  the 
tympanal  openings  than  above  or  below.  Both  sexes  greenish,  with  dark 
marks  on  the  head  and  thorax ;  and  of  the  same  size ;   expands  about 

25  mm camerona  new  species. 

Melampsalta  calliope  (Walker).     Plate  V,  figs.   14-15. 

In  1825  Thomas  Say  described  the  only  species  of  Melampsalta 
known  up  to  within  a  short  time  from  North  America,  under  the 
name  of  Cicada  parviila.  He  stated  that  the  body  was  ''  dull  testa- 
ceous "  with  some  indistinct  blackish  marks  on  the  thorax,  and  that 
the  insect  inhabited  Missouri.  He  gave  the  length  as  seven-tenths 
of  an  inch  [17.5  mm.],  adding  that  it  is  a  very  small  species,  and  that 
he  has  "  a  specimen  from  near  the  Rocky  Mountains,  which  is  en- 
tirely green,  it  is  a  female,  and  probably  of  the  same  species  with  the 
above.  Its  length,  to  the  tip  of  the  hemelytra,  is  four-fifths  of  an 
inch,"'  that  is,  20  millimeters.     The  first  mentioned  specimen  was  evi- 


Melampsalta  calliope 

dently  a  male,  judging  from  size  and  color,  though  the  sex  is  not 
mentioned  by  the  author. 

In  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  41,  p.  390,  1909,  G.  W. 
Kirkaldy  states  that  the  name  Cicada  parvnla  was  preoccupied,  and 
gives  calliope  Walker  as  the  name  of  the  species.  It  appears  that  in 
1798  Fabricius  described  in  Supplementum  Entomologi^e  Systematicse, 
p.  521,  a  "Cicada  parvnla"  from  Cayenne,  South  America. 

In  1830  E.  F.  Germar  described  Cicada  pall  esc  ens  in  Thon,  Ento- 
mologisches  Archiv,  ii,  p.  8,  from  Georgia,  Americse.  It  is  said  to  be 
small,  half  the  size  of  C  hccmatoda.  Head  pale,  front  impressed. 
Collar  pale  testaceous,  with  the  border  all  green.  IMesothorax  pale, 
variegated  with  green.  Abdomen  pale  at  base,  green  at  apex.  Body 
testaceous  beneath,  legs  variegated  with  green.  Wings  entirely 
hyaline,  costa  and  veins  green,  the  wavy  vein  parallel  to  hind  margin 
sometimes  black. 

This  name  was  also  preoccupied  according  to  Mr.  Van  Duzee's 


June,  1920.]  Davis:   Xorth  Americax  Cicadas.  127 

Catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera  of  America  North  of  Mexico  (1917),  for 
in  1776  Otto  Frederich  MuUer  described  in  his  Zoologise  Donicje 
Prodromus.  p.  102,  a  Cicada  pallcsccns  from  Denmark. 

In  1850  Francis  Walker  described  Cicada  calliope  in  List  of  the 
Specimens  of  Homopterous  Insects  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Museum.  Part  I,  p.  212.  and  gave  tlie  locality  as  "Warm  Springs, 
N.  Carolina."  ]\Ir.  Franklin  Sherman,  of  Raleigh,  N.  C,  does  not 
know  of  any  W'arm  Springs  in  North  Carolina,  nor  is  the  name  in  the 
postal  guide.  It  may  be  that  the  present  Hot  Springs  in  Madison 
County  was  the  locality.^  Walker  gives  among  other  characters,  body 
pale  ferruginous;  head  as  broad  as  the  "fore-chest";  face  slightly 
convex,  not  at  all  prominent,  adorned  with  a  tawny  stripe;  crown 
pitchy;  eyes  not  prominent;  "scutcheon  [])ronotum]  adorned  with 
two  parallel  pitchy  stripes,  its  sides  and  the  furrows  also  pitchy; 
hind-scutcheon  [hind  margin  of  pronotum  or  collar]  rather  narrow, 
above,  much  broader  and  rounded  at  the  base  of  each  fore-wing, 
convex  on  the  middle  of  each  side;  scutcheon  of  the  middle-chest 
[mesonotum]  adorned  with  three  broad  black  stripes;  the  side  pair 
slightly  oI)Conical  and  oI)lique;  hind  liorder  hardly  excavated;  ab- 
domen obconical,  very  little  longer  than  the  chest,  paler  beneath, 
adorned  with  three  rows  of  pitchy  spots,  which  are  much  longer  and 
more  distinct  on  each  side  than  in  the  middle;  hind  borders  of  the 
segments  pale  tawny."  The  "wings  colorless;  fore  border  ferru- 
ginous; veins  ferruginous,  black  towards  the  tips;  fore  membranes 
tawny ;  flaps  tinged  with  brown  at  the  tips,  buff  at  the  base  and  along 
the  middle  vein.  Length  of  the  body  6  lines  [13.5  millimeters],  of  the 
wings  17  lines,"  [expanse  of  wings  38  millimeters]. 

As  this  name  was  not  preoccupied  it  has  been  used  liy  Mr.  Van 
Duzee  in  his  catalogue  for  the  small  species  covered  by  the  descrip- 
tion, extending  from  the  Atlantic  through  the  southern  states  north- 
westward to  Nebraska  and  Colorado. 

1  Since  the  above  was  written  Mr.  Nathan  Banks  has  called  my  attention 
to  Edward  Doubleday's  "  Communication  on  the  Natural  History  of  North 
America."  Entomological  Magazine,  October,  1838,  where,  under  the  heading 
"Warm  Springs,  North  Carolina,  July  8,  1838,"  he  says:  "From  Asheville  I 
walked  most  of  the  way  to  this  place  ;  for  in  this  mountainous  country  the 
stage  scarcely  m^kes  four  miles  an  hour.  The  road  runs  mostly  by  the  side 
of  the  French  Broad    river,  between  high  and  wooded  mountains." 

Madison  Co.,  X.  C,  is  therefore  the  type  locality  for  calliope. 


128  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    t'^'o'-  ^^viii 

In  1888  P.  R.  Uhler  in  his  ''  Preliminary  Survey  of  the  Cicadsea 
of  the  United  States,"  Entomologica  Americana,  IV,  p.  22,  states  that 
"  This  neat  little  insect  is  of  a  pale  green  color  when  alive,  sometimes 
marked  with  fuscous,  but  speedily  becomes  straw  yellow  after  desica- 
tion  and  exposure  to  the  air.  It  inhabits  the  plateau-lands  of  Georgia, 
Tennessee,  Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Illinois,  Kansas  and  Texas;  but  it 
has  not  thus  far  been  reported  from  the  costal  plain  of  any  of  the 
States  in  which  it  has  been  found." 

In  1892  Uhler  in  his  "  Preliminary  Survey  of  the  Cicadidae  of  the 
United  States,  Antilles  and  Mexico,"  Trans.  Maryland  Academy  of 
Science,  I,  p.  165,  says  further  regarding  the  species:  "Common  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  quite  variable  in  color  and 
pattern  of  marking.  When  fresh,  the  ground  color  is  pale  green, 
with  the  marking  of  the  head,  thorax  and  tergum  brownish  black; 
but  when  dried  and  kept  for  some  time  in  the  cabinet  it  becomes  pale 
or  dark  straw-yellow.  Specimens  from  Florida  are  much  narrower 
than  those  from  Illinois,  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  A  male  from  Texas 
is  faded  straw  yellow,  with  a  little  black  on  the  vertex  and  about  the 
antennae.     The  males  are  sometimes  much  smaller  than  the  females." 

It  will  be  noted  from  the  foregoing  that  Say  thought  that  his 
parvnla  might  occur  either  ""  dull  testaceous "  or  green,  and  Uhler 
considered  parvnla  ''  quite  variable  in  color,"  and  that  the  fresh  green 
specimens  changed  in  the  cabinet  to  a  '"pale  or  dark  straw  yellow." 
The  series  of  specimens  now  in  the  writer's  collection  shows  that 
calliope  in  the  southeastern  United  States  is  marked  in  the  males  as 
described  by  Walker,  and  that  the  females  which  are  usually  larger 
are  often  lighter  colored  and  without  the  dark  marks  on  the  body. 
Specimens  examined  from  Florida  and  parts  of  Georgia  are  green, 
and  the  same  difference  in  size  usually  exhibits  between  the  males  and 
females.  Specimens  from  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  Iowa  are  usually 
lighter  colored  than  more  eastern  examples,  and  while  the  males  have 
dark  marks  on  the  body,  the  females,  which  are  usually  larger  than 
the  males,  are  generally  straw  yellow ;  some,  however,  show  faintly 
the  dark  marks  on  the  dorsum,  particularly  on  the  mesonotum. 

Specimens  of  Melanipsalta,  supposed  to  be  calliope  as  described 
by  Walker,  have  been  examined  as  follows : 

Virginia. — Opposite  Plummer's  Island  in  the  Potomac  River,  Au- 


June,  I92C.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTH    AMERICAN    CiCADAS.  129 

gust  9,  1915,  female  (H.  S.  Barber).  This  specimen  was  found  while 
looking  for  insects  at  night  with  a  lantern. 

North  Carolina. — From  Southern  Pines  and  collected  by  the  Rev. 
A.  H.  Manee,  two  males  and  two  females  (no  date),  the  females  are 
as  small  as  the  males  and  marked  like  them;  female,  July  7,  191 1, 
small  and  marked  like  male;  male.  July  7.  1914;  male.  July  8,  1914; 
two  males,  July  9,  1914;  sixteen  males,  July  12.  191 5,  and  all  marked 
as  is  usual  in  males.  Mr.  Manee  whites  that  he  finds  many  of  these 
cicadas  on  young  pines.  Wilmington,  August  i.  191 1,  female  (George 
P.  Engelhardt),  collection  Museum  of  the  F)rooklyn  Institute  of  Arts 
and  Sciences.  Two  females  collected  at  the  same  place  and  time  as 
the  last  by  Mr.  C.  L.  Pollard,  are  in  this  collection  of  the  Staten 
Island  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

Georgia. — De  W'ht.  Mitchell  Co..  male  (C.  S.  Spooner)  ;  has  the 
dark  markings  usual,  in  males.  Spring  Creek,  Decatur  Co.,  July, 
1912,  four  males,  three  females  (J.  Chester  Bradley),  collection  Cor- 
nell University.  In  the  Uhler  collection.  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  there 
are  a  male  and  two  females  labeled  "  Ga."  All  are  about  the  same  size 
and  straw  colored ;  the  male  with  black  marks  on  the  pronotum.  Al- 
bany, Dougherty  Co.,  August  i,  1913,  female  (Rchn  and  Hebard), 
collection  Acad.  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

Alabama. — Mobile,  five  males  and  five  females  (H.  P.  Loding). 
Grand  Bay,  Mo])ile  Co.,  May,  1913,  male  and  female;  ^lay  20,  1915, 
male  and  female;  May  22.  1915,  male,  all  collected  by  H.  P.  Loding. 
Irvington,  July  5,  1915.  male.  Mt.  Vernon,  May  13.  1917.  two  males 
(H.  P.  Loding).  Spring  Hill  (no  date),  female;  same  locality, 
Aug.  I,  19 17,  male  (T.  Van  Aller). 

Mississippi. — Through  the  kindness  of  Prof.  R.  \V.  Harned,  I 
have  been  able  to  examine  thirty-one  specimens  of  this  species  col- 
lected in  Mississippi  by  the  students  of  the  State  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College.  The  localities  range  from  near  the  northern 
part  of  the  state  to  the  Gulf  coast,  and  the  dates  of  capture  from  May 
14,  1915,  at  Fontainbleau,  to  August  5,  1916.  at 'Hattiesburg.  The 
localities  are: — Verona,  Houlka.  Egypt,  Stonewall,  Laurel,  Columbia, 
Hattiesburg,  Lucedale,  Anner.  Caesar,  Nugent,  Kiln,  Long  Beach, 
Ocean  Springs,  Fontainl)leau  and  Pascagoula. 

It  may  be  remembered  that  Uhler  reported  this  species  only  from 


130  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xxviii. 

"plateau  lands,"'  but  the  last  six  localities  mentioned  are  in  the  low 
lying  Gulf  strip  of  Mississippi,  which  rises  a  few  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea. 

Louisiana. — Alexandria,  August  22,  1915,  female  (Rehn  and  He- 
bard)  ;  two  females  labeled  "  La."  One  of  these  females  is  plain 
straw  colored  with  a  greenish  collar,  while  the  other  two  have  dark 
marks  on  pronotum  and  mesonotum. 

Indian  Territory. — Hughes,  June  20,  1907,  in  cotton  field,  male  (F. 
C.  Bishopp),  collection  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum. 

Missouri. — Hartville,  Wriglit  Co.,  June  20,  1873,  female,  collection 
Museum  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  aad  Sciences. 

Illinois. — In  the  Uhler  collection,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  there  are 
two  males,  one  labeled  "  N.  111.,"  and  the  other  "'  Ogle  Co.,  111."  They 
are  marked  with  dark  spots. 

Iowa. — Iowa  City,  June  24,  1898,  female  (Wickham).  This  is  a 
straw  colored  individual.  In  the  Uhler  collection,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum, 
there  are  three  males  and  one  female  from  Denison.  The  males  have 
the  usual  dark  marks,  while  the  female  is  straw  colored.  In  the  same 
collection  there  is  a  female  from  Dallas  Co.  that  has  blackish  marks 
on  the  thorax,  but  is  lighter  than  the  males. 

Kansas. — Wakefield,  Clay  Co.,  male  and  three  females;  Sheridan 
Co.,  2,650  ft.,  male  (F.  X.  Williams)  ;  Barton  Co.,  1,816  ft.,  June  22, 
19 12,  male  (F.  X.  Williams)  ;  Ellsworth  Co.,  July,  male  (Warren 
Knaus)  ;  Grove  Co.,  2,813  ft.,  male  (F.  X.  Williams)  ;  Topeka,  July 
II,  male  and  female  (E.  G.  Smyth)  ;  Clark  Co.,  June,  1,962  ft.,  male 
(F.  H.  Snow)  ;  Chautauqua  Co.,  841  ft.,  two  males,  two  females  (R. 
H.  Beamer)  ;  Miami  Co.,  1915,  male  (R.  H.  Beamer)  ;  Ness  Co.,  July 
5,  1912,  2,260  ft.,  female  (F.  X.  Williams)  ;  Douglas  Co.,  900  ft.,  two 
females  (F.  H.  Snow)  ;  Riley  Co.,  July  13,  two  females  (Popenoe). 

In  the  above  series  the  males  are  marked  with  black,  while  the 
females  are  larger  and  almost  wholly  straw  colored.  A  few  females 
have  indistinct  darker  marks,  particularly  on  the  mesonotum. 

Nebraska. — Lincoln,  June  25,  1908,  1,450  ft.,  two  males,  one  female 
(R.  W.  Dawson)  ;  South  Bend,  June  25,  1915,  female,  and  July  14, 
1915,  male  (E.  M.  Partridge)  ;  Omaha,  June  22,  1918,  female  (R.  R. 
Leussler). 

In  the  Uhler  collection,  U.   S.  Nat.   Museum,  there  is  a  female 


June,  1920.]  Davis  :  XoRTii  Amf.ricax  Cicadas.  131 

labeled  "  Nebraska,"  wbicli  lias  l)lackisb  marks  on  tbe  head  and 
thorax,  a  dorsal  row  of  dark  spots  on  abdomen,  also  a  row  of  dark 
spots  on  each  side  of  the  abdomen.  Wings  are  rather  narrow.  It 
expands  39  millimeters. 

In  the  collection  of  the  University  of  Nebraska  are  the  following: 
— Rulo,  Richardson  Co..  July  i,  191 5.  female  (E.  M.  Partridge). 
Crete,  Saline  Co.,  July  6,  i8<}3,  female.  Lincoln.  Lancaster  Co.,  June 
24,  female;  July,  male;  July  4,  1893,  male;  June  25,  1908,  1,150  ft., 
nine  males  and  two  females  (R.  W.  Dawson)  ;  June  25,  1908,  female 
(C.  H.  Gable)  ;  July  18,  1908,  male,  and  July  23,  1908,  male  and  female 
(J.  T.  Zimmer)  ;  July  15,  1909,  1,150  ft.,  female  (F.  A.  Burnham)  ; 
June  20,  191 1,  male  (L.  M.  Gates);  June  26,  1914,  male  (G.  W. 
Deming).  South  Bend,  Cass  Co..  June  24,  1915,  female;  June  25, 
1915,  female;  June  30,  1915,  male,  and  July  14,  1915,  male  (all  col- 
lected In'  E.  G.  Anderson).  West  Point,  Cuming  Co.,  three  males; 
June,  female;  June,  1887.  male;  July,  1888,  male  and  female.  Maskell, 
Dixon  Co.,  July  16,  1915,  male  and  female  (E.  G.  Anderson).  Cams, 
Keyapaha  Co..  July  9,  1902,  male;  July  11,  1902,  female;  July  25,  1902, 
female  (W.  D.  Pierce).  In  this  series  the  fifteen  females  are  all 
larger  than  the  twenty-four  males,  and  are  of  a  uniform  yellowish 
straw  color.  The  males  are  marked  in  every  instance  on  the  head, 
pronotum,  mesonotum  and  abdomen  with  dark  spots. 

Colorado. — In  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  there  is  a  male  and 
female  labeled  ■"  Granada,  Col."  This  locality  is  in  Prowers  Co.,  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  state  and  not  far  from  the  Kansas  state  line. 

Melampsalta  calliope  \ar.  floridensis  new  variety.     Plate  V,  fig.  16. 

Type  male.  Ft.  Meade,  Florida,  July  30,  1915  (Mrs.  F.  E.  Porter). 

Allotype  female.  Rye,  Florida,  July  9,  1919  (Joseph  Lienhart).  Both  in 
Davis  collection. 

In  the  writer's  collection  there  are  sixteen  specimens  from  peninsula 
Florida  of  what  is  considered  a  green  and  geographic  variety  of  calliope.  This 
variety  extends  to  southern  Georgia,  and  perhaps  beyond  along  the  coast, 
where  it  joins  the  darker,  typical  form,  in  which  the  males  especially  are 
marked  with  black,  or  nearly  black  spots  on  the  head  and  thorax.  The  Florida 
examples  in  addition  to  being  grass  green  are  immaculate  or  nearly  so.  In 
the  many  examples  examined  of  the  straw  yellow  or  dark  typical  form,  we 
have  seen  none  from  Florida,  though  it  should  be  found  in  the  northern  and 
especially   in   the   northwestern   part   of   the   state.     The   fact   that   there   is   a 


132  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    t^oL  xxviii. 

grass  green  Melainpsalta.  though  of  quite  a  distinct  species,  in  Texas,  Indian 
Territory,  Kansas  and  Colorado  has  confused  the  matter.  Prof.  Uhler  con- 
sidered the  Florida  insect  narrower  than  the  western  one,  but  the  considerable 
series  examined  does  not  confirm  this.  The  Florida  form,  however,  does  differ 
from  the  dark  specimens  from  Southern  Pines  in  the  Sand  Hill  region  of  North 
Carolina  in  having  shorter  and  broader  wings  in  proportion  to  the  size  of 
the  body. 

Measurements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length  of  body  13  13 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 4  4 

Expanse  of  fore  wings    33  32 

In  addition  to  tlie  type  and  allotype  the  following  green  examples 
have  been  examined : 

Florida. — Rye,  Manatee  Co..  May  12,  1919,  female;  May  15,  1919, 
male;  May  28,  1919,  male  and  female;  June  10,  1919,  male;  July  9. 
1919,  female  (all  collected  by  Joseph  Lienhart).  Gulfport,  June,  1915, 
male,  and  1915.  female  (A.  G.  Reynolds).  St.  Petersburg,  August, 
1915.  male  and  two  females  (Ludwig).  Lakeland,  May  5,  1912, 
female,  and  May  8,  191 2,  two  females  in  open  woods  on  low  vege- 
tation (W.  T.  Davis).  Jacksonville,  July  i,  1913,  collection  H.  L. 
Johnson.  Live  Oak,  August  10,  1903,  male,  collection  A.  P.  Morse. 
Cleveland,  April,  male  (C.  P.  Benedict),  collection  Staten  Island  Inst, 
of  Arts  and  Sciences.  The  following  are  in  the  collection  Acad.  Nat. 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia: — Enterprise,  April  20,  female;  Jackson- 
ville, August  25,  191 1,  female  (Rehn  and  Hebard).  Both  of  these 
specimens  are  green  with  indistinct  dark  marks. 

In  his  Observations  on  some  Hemiptera  taken  in  Florida  in  the 
spring  of  1908,  Bulletin  Buffalo  Society  Natural  History,  IX,  p.  184, 
1909,  Mr.  Edw.  P.  Van  Duzee  states:  "One  tiny  male  was  beaten 
from  a  small  tree  of  a  broad-leaved  oak  at  Tampa.  This  specimen 
made  a  surprisingly  loud  noise  for  so  small  an  insect.  It  is  pale 
green,  almost  immaculate  and  measures  scarcely  12  mm.  to  the  tip 
of  the  closed  elytra." 

Georgia. — Spring  Creek,  Decatur  Co.,  June,  191 1,  male  (J.  Chester 
Bradley),  collection  Cornell  University.  Four  typical  male  calliope 
and  three  females  were  also  taken  in  July,  1912,  at  Spring  Creek  by 
Prof.  Bradley,  as  previously  noted.  Spring  Creek,  July,  1912,  female 
floridcusis  ( C.  S.  Spooner),  Spooner  collection. 


June,  I920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTH    A>rKRICAX    CiCADAS.  133 

Melampsalta  kansa  Davis.     Plate  V,  fig.  17. 

This  small  green  species  was  described  in  the  Journal  N.  Y.  En- 
tomological Society,  Vol.  27,  p.  340,  December,  1919.  from  Kansas 
and  Texas  examples.  Say's  "  entirely  green  "  specimen  "  from  near 
the  Rocky  Mountains,"  probably  belonged  to  this  species.  It  may  be 
separated  from  calliope  Walker  {parvula  Say),  by  its  smaller  head, 
imcus  of  different  shape,  as  shown  in  the  illustration,  and  by  having 
five  apical  areas  in  the  hind  wing  instead  of  six.     In  the  female  of 


w 


Melampsalta  kansa 

calliope  the  abdomen  terminates  above  in  a  conspicuous  spine ;  in 
kansa  the  spine  is  very  small. 

Since  the  description  of  kansa  was  published,  additional  specimens 
have  been  examined  as  follows : 

Texas. — Sabinal,  Uvalde  Co.,  June  13,  1910.  male  (F.  C.  Pratt). 
Dallas,  May  19,  191 1,  female  (E.  S.  Tucker).  Grand  Prairie,  June 
19.  1905,  male  (C.  R.  Jones).  Delhart,  June  16,  1910,  male  (F.  C. 
Bishopp).    These  arc  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Indian  Territory. — Ardmore,  Chickasaws  Co..  June  i,  1905,  female 
on  Rudbcckia  (C.  R.  Jones),  collection  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum. 

Oklahoma. — Carnegie,  Caddo  Co.,  male,  collection  of  Warren 
Knaus. 

Colorado. — Lamar,  about  3,600  ft.,  June  4-1 1.  1919.  three  males 
(Dr.  F.  E.  Lutz).  Regnier,  P>aca  Co..  about  4.500  ft..  June  6-9,  1919. 
two  males  (Dr.  F.  E.  Lutz).  These  five  specimens  arc  in  the  Amer- 
ican Museum  of  Natural  History.  They  have  but  five  apical  cells  in 
each  hind  wing  as  mentioned  in  the  description. 


134  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxmil 

Melampsalta  camerona  new  species.     Plate  V,  figs.  i8,  19. 

Type  male,  Brownsville,  Cameron  Co.,  Texas,  "7-6"  (E.  A.  Schwarz). 
Collection  U.  S.  National  Museum.  ' 

Allotype  female,  Brownsville,  Cameron  Co.,  Texas,  June,  1903  (Charles 
Schaeffer).  .Collection,  Museum  Brooklyn  Inst,  of  Arts  and  Sciences. 

Head  small,  about  as  wide  as  the  ginuate,  anterior  margin  of  the  pronotum  ; 
sides  of  the  pronotum  not  parallel,  but  considerably  widened  toward  the  pos- 
terior angles,  which  are  rounded  and  lobiform.  Cavity  in  which  the  antenna 
starts  oblique,  with  the  margin  high  and  definite,  except  anteriorly.  Median 
sulcus  of  the  face  well  defined.  Inner  margin  of  eyes  more  rounded  than  in 
either  calliope  or  kansa.  Fore  wings  with  eight  apical  areas  in  type,  but  with 
only  seven  in  allotype,  and  the  single  paratype.  Hind  wings  with  five  apical 
areas  in  type,  but  only  four  in  allotype  and  the  paratype.  Tympanal  orifice 
rather  widely  open  ;  more  so  than  in  calliope  or  kansa.     Uncus  seen  in  profile 


m 

Melampsalta  camerona 

curved  inward,  claw-like ;  seen  from  behind  deeply  cleft.  Beneath,  the  oper- 
cula  rounded  at  the  extremities,  but  the  ends  not  touching ;  about  as  far  apart 
as  in  kansa,  and  nearer  together  than  in  calliope.  Last  ventral  segment  broad 
at  base  with  the  sides  rather  suddenly  converging  to  the  rounded  extremity. 
In  the  allotype  the  notch  in  the  last  ventral  segment  is  broad  and  deep.  While 
there  are  some  short  silvery  hairs  on  the  body,  this  is  rather  a  smooth  species. 
General  color  of  upper  surface  of  body  is  green  ;  head  variegated  with 
dark  brown  ;  a  dark  dot  each  side  not  quite  in  front  of  the  posterior  ocelli. 
Pronotum  green  ;  grooves  with  scattered  brown  marks ;  hind  margin  or  collar 
entirely  green.  Mesonotum  with  four  obconical  dark  marks,  the  inner  pair 
about  half  as  long  as  the  outer  pair.  The  outer  pair  broken  up  into  separate 
blotches,  especially  near  the  greenish  colored  elevated  X .  Hind  margin  of 
the  metanotum  green.  Both  pairs  of  wings  clear;  basal  membranes  almost 
white.  Tergum  green,  the  exposed  tymbals  darker.  Beneath  the  head  is 
variegated  with  brown,  the  median  sulcus  is  yellowish,  and  the  transverse 
rugse  are  brown.  The  legs  are  pale  variegated  with  brown  ;  the  opercula  are 
green  ;  the  abdomen  yellowish  green  with  the  usual  dark  spots  centsally  near 
the  base.  The  allotype  is  nearly  entirely  green  above,  the  head  slightly 
variegated  with  brown  along  the  front,  and  the  dots  nearly  in  front  of  the  hind 


(JOURN.    N.   Y.   Ent.   Soc.)  Vol.  XXVIII. 


(Plate  V.) 


/2. 
(CICADID^.) 


June,  1920.]  DaVIS  :    XoRTH    AmERICAX    CiCADAS.  135 

ocelli  are  conspicuous.  Beneath  it  is  greenish  except  the  transverse  rugae,  tip 
of  the  rostrum,  some  variegated  marks  on  the  legs,  and  ovipositor,  which  are 
brownish. 

Me.\surements  in  Millimeters. 

Male  Type.  Female  Allotype. 

Length   of  body    13  12.5 

Width  of  head  across  eyes 3-5  3-5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   25.5  25.5 

A  single  paratype  of  this  species  from  the  collection  of  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  has  been  examined.  It  is  a  male  and  labeled 
Brownsville,  Texas  (C.  H.  T.  Townsend). 

EXPLA.NATIOX    OF    Pl.ATE    V. 

Platypedia   mohavensis  Davis.     Type. 
Platypedia  rufipes  Davis.     Type. 
Platypedia  putnami   (Uhler). 
Platypedia  putnami  var.  liitea  Davis.     Type. 
Platypedia  areolata   (Uhler). 
Platypedia  similis  Davis.     Type. 
Platypedia  falcata  Davis.     Type. 
Platypedia  aperta  Van  Duzee.     Holotype. 
Platypedia  vanduzeei   Davis.     Type. 
Platypedia  wiN/or  Uhler.     Type? 
Platypedia  barbata  Davis.     Type. 
Neoplatypedia  ampliata  (Van  Duzee).     Holotype. 
Neoplatypedia  constricta  Davis.     Type. 

Melampsalta  calliope  (Walker).     Six  apical  cells  in  hind  wing. 
Melampsalta  calliope  (Walker).     Five  apical  cells  in  hind  wing. 
Melampsalta  calliope  var.  floridensis  Davis.     Type. 
Melampsalta  kansa   Davis.     Type. 
Melampsalta  camerona  Davis.     Type. 

Melampsalta  camerona   Davis.      Allotype.      Differs    from   type   in 
number  of  apical  cells  in  both  pairs  of  wings. 


Fig. 

I. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3- 

Fig. 

4- 

Fig. 

5- 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7- 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9- 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

II. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13- 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15- 

Fig. 

16. 

Fig. 

'7- 

Fig. 

18. 

•Fig. 

19- 

136  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [VoI.  xxviil 

THE  GROUP  TRACHES  IN  NORTH  AMERICA. 

PART  I. 

THE  GENERA  PACHYSCHELUS  AND  TAPHROCERUS. 

By  Alan  S.  Nicolay  and  Harry  B.  Weiss, 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Of  all  the  buprestid  genera  in  North  America,  not  any  are  in  more 
confusion  at  the  present  time  than  Pachysclichts,  Brachys  and  Taph- 
roccrus,  which  taken  together  comprise  the  group  Trachcs.  This 
name  was  used  by  Kerremans  to  cover  those  species  having  the 
median  coxae  more  distant  than  the  anterior  ones,  the  anterior  mar- 
gins of  the  posterior  coxse  slightly  concave  or  slightly  dilated  at  the 
sides  and  the  tarsi  very  short.  In  this  group  he  placed  seventeen 
genera  only  three  of  which  are  included  in  our  fauna.  Le  Conte  and 
Horn  referred  to  these  forms  as  Brachcs  but  Trachcs  has  priority. 
The  members  of  the  genus  Rhccboscclis  possess  confluent  eyes  and 
have  larval  habits  somewhat  similar  to  those  of  the  Brachcs  but  in 
structure  strongly  resemble  the  tribe  Agrilcs.  Here  they  were  placed 
by  Kerremans  following  the  genus  Agrilus  and  for  the  present  we 
think  it  is  best  to  keep  them  in  this  latter  group. 

Were  we  to  follow  the  correct  sequence  in  taking  up  these  genera, 
Pachyschcliis  would  come  first,  followed  by  Brachys  and  Taphroccrns. 
Unfortunately,  however,  this  paper  must  be  divided  into  two  parts 
and  as  the  Brachys  will  require  at  least  another  year's  study,  we  are 
taking  the  liberty  of  reversing  the  arrangement  to  the  extent  of  pre- 
senting the  genera  Pachyschcliis  and  Taphroccrns  together  with  a 
general  introduction  in  this  part.  Part  H^  will  deal  exclusively  with 
the  genus  Brachys. 

In  the  ''  Genera  Insectorum,"  Kerremans  lists  some  147  species  of 

Pachyschelus,  89  of  which  were  known  to  him.     All  but  a  very  few 

species   which   are   confined   to  the   Malay   Archipelago   and   one    in 

Madagascar,  occur  on  the  American  continent,  but  the  great  majority 

1  Part  il  on  the  genus  Brachys  will  appear  at  a  later  date. 


June,  I920.]         XlCOLAV   AND   WeISS  :    ThE   GrOUP   TrACHES.  137 

are  tropical.  The  Brachys  are  confined  entirely  to  the  Americas  and 
Kerremans  lists  94  species,  46  of  which  he  knew.  The  genus  Taphro- 
ccrus  is  restricted  to  the  New  World,  38  species  being  listed,  18  of 
these  being  known  to  Kerremans. 

In  the  following  treatment  the  original  description  is  included  after 
each  species,  but  where  this  is  very  brief  or  vague  it  is  followed  by  a 
more  complete  account. 

Key  to  the  Gexera. 

1.  Scutellum  large,  triangular,  tibia;  dilated Pachyschelus 

Scutelluni  small,  tibiae  linear - 

2.  Body  ovate,  presternum  obtuse  behind    Brachys 

Body  elongate,  prosternum  pointed  behind Taphrocerus 

Pachyschelus  Solier,  33-313. 
Mcfoiiiiis  Say,  36-264. 

Broad,  triangular  in  form;  scutellum  large,  triangular,  smooth; 
thorax  widest  at  base  tapering  toward  head ;  eyes  convex,  moderately 
prominent ;  head  large  with  a  faint  to  distinct  longitudinal  impression 
along  the  median  line;  antennas  short,  11 -jointed;  elytra  punctate  with 
a  large  marginal  depression  posterior  to  the  humerus  and  a  fainter 
one  between  the  scutellum  and  humerus;  legs  retractile,  tibi?e  dilated 
usually  sulcate  for  the  reception  of  the  tarsi  which  are  short ;  pro- 
sternum  broad,  almost  truncate  behind ;  ventral  surface  impunctate ; 
ventral  thoracic  surface  grooved  near  margin  for  reception  of  an- 
tennaj ;  puliescence  short  and  sparse.  Our  species  are  black  with  an 
reneous  lustre  or  bluish. 

\'ery  little  appears  to  be  known  concerning  the  biology  of  the 
genera  Pachyschelus  and  Taphrocerus.  Burke  in  1917  stated  that  so 
far  as  known  no  larvae  of  Taphrocerus  had  been  collected  and  sum- 
marized the  distribution  and  habits  of  members  of  the  Pachyschelus 
as  follows :  "  Eastern  States,  leaf  miner  in  leaves,  Hicoria  ? ,  Quercus  ? , 
and  Lcspedeza."  According  to  the  same  author,  the  larva  of  Pachy- 
schelus can  be  characterized  as  follows:  "First  segment  narrower 
than  following,  body  tapering  both  ways  from  about  the  middle,  more 
acute  at  the  posterior  end,  spindle-shaped.  Head  comparatively  small 
more  or  less  retracted  into  the  first  segment  of  a  body  composed  of 
13  fairly  well  defined,  flattened  segments;  antennrc  medium  sized  and 


138  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    ^^'°^-  xxviii. 

3-jointed;  ocelli  wanting;  labrum  rather  large,  arched  and  protruded; 
mandil)les  short,  strong,  usually  toothed  and  rather  spoon-shaped; 
maxillce  well  developed;  maxillary  palpi  two-jointed;  labium  well  de- 
veloped, arched,  protruded;  labial  palpi  minute  and  unsegmented, 
almost  obsolete ;  first  segment  with  a  large  well-developed  plate  on 
both  ventral  and  dorsal  surfaces;  true  legs  wanting;  cerci  wanting; 
spiracles  crescentic,  one  large  one  on  either  side  of  the  second  seg- 
ment and  one  small  one  on  either  side  of  each  of  the  fourth  to  eleventh 
segments,  on  the  anterior  dorso-lateral  surface." 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Pachyschelus. 

1.  Elytra  with  a  subtransverse  or  diagonal  line  of  whitish  pubescence  just  be- 

fore the  apices,  last  ventral  segment  of  male  with  three  small  teeth  (rarely 

trace  of  fourth)  on  each  of  two  prominent  processes purpureus  Say. 

Elytra  glabrous,  last  ventral  segment  of  male  with  four  small  teeth  on  each 
of  two  prominent  processes    2 

2.  Elytra  black  with  aeneous  lustre Isevigatus  Say. 

Elytra   blue    3 

3.  Head  and  thorax  blue  to  bluish  black schwarzi  Kerremans. 

Head  and  thorax  asneous   var.  oculatus  Schaeffer. 

Pachyschelus  purpureus  (Say),  36-164. 
auicricanus  Gory,  41-346. 

(Original  description.) 

"  Ovate,  black,  elytra  purple.  Inhabits  Indiana.  Body  black  ;  head  with 
distinct  punctures  ;  front  with  an  indented  abbreviated  line  placed  low  down  ; 
thorax  with  scattered  discoidal  punctures;  no  lateral  indentation;  elytra 
purple ;  indented  at  the  middle  of  the  base  and  behind  the  humerus ;  punctures 
rather  large  but  not  deeply  impressed,  placed  in  series  and  obsolete  behind, 
tibijc  angulated.     Length  under  three-twentieth  of  an  inch.* 

"  This  insect  is  certainly  cogeneric  with  the  preceding  but  it  cannot  be 
placed  in  the  Trachys  or  even  in  Aphanisticus  if  piisilhis  Olivier  can  be  con- 
sidered as  a  type  of  it." 

It  is  rather  remarkable  that  Say  did  not  mention  the  subtransverse 
or  diagonal  line  of  whitish  pubescence  just  before  the  apices  of  the 
elytra,  the  faint  spot  of  white  pubescence  slightly  above  the  centre 
near  the  suture  which  often  runs  into  a  line  nor  the  surface  being 
sparsely  clothed  with  white  hairs  which  are  shorter  and  not  as  close 
together  as  those  forming  the  spots  or  lines.    The  ventral  surface  is 


June,  1920.]         NiCOLAY    AND    WeISS  :    ThE    GrOUP    TrACHES.  139 

impunctate.  sparsely  clothed  with  short,  white  hairs,  which  are  ar- 
ranged in  transverse  lines  on  the  al)dominal  segments.  The  sexes 
may^  he  readily  separated  by  the  last  ventral  segment  which  on  the 
male  bears  an  oblong  impression  at  apex,  apical  margin  produced  in 
the  middle  into  two  prominent  processes  each  of  which  terminates  in 
three  small  teeth  (very  rarely  with  a  trace  of  a  fourth).  The  last 
ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  not  impressed,  the  a])ical  margin 
being  produced  in  an  acute  point.     Length,  2.5  mm.  to  3.5  mm. 

Localities. — Van  Cortlandt  Park  (Pearsall)  ;  Queens.  L.  I.,  Nov. 
28,  one  specimen  sifting  leaves  (Schott)  ;  Staten  Island;  New  York. 
Caldwell,  Sept.  20,  feeding  on  hickory  (Nicolay)  ;  Ramsey,  May  30 
(Nicolay)  ;  Ft.  Lee,  June  9  (Shoemaker)  ;  Greenwood  Lake,  May  17 
(Leng)  ;  Orange  Mts.,  June  4  (Bischoff)  ;  Hemlock  Falls,  May  28 
(Wenzel)  ;  New  Jersey.  Illinois.  Iowa.  Cypress  Mills,  April  2; 
Texas.  Lake,  Marshall  and  Stark  Counties,  June  11,  July  14.  rare 
(Blatchley)  ;  Indiana.  Larva  mines  leaves  of  Lespcdeza  (Smith). 
Borer  of  hickory  (?)  (Felt).  Larva  in  leaves  of  bush  clover,  Lespc- 
deza  and  adults  beaten  from  vegetation  in  marshy  places  (Blatchley). 

This  species  is  taken  around  New  York  City  by  sweeping  marshy 
places  during  the  spring.  It  occurs  locally  and  is  never  common.  The 
larvce  live  in  the  leaves  of  bush  clover.  Mr.  Schott  took  one  specimen 
while  sifting  leaves  in  November  and  the  authors  have  found  adults 
feeding  during  September.  From  this  it  appears  that  the  adults  hiber- 
nate. All  of  the  specimens  are  remarkably  constant  in  size  (3.5  mm.) 
with  the  exception  of  two  specimens  (male  and  female)  before  us 
from  Texas,  which  measure  only  2.5  mm.  Superficially  they  appear 
to  be  at  least  a  geographical  variety  but  after  studying  them  closely 
no  definite  characters  could  be  found.  In  view  of  this  and  until  more 
material  is  available,  we  think  that  they  had  better  be  placed  with 
purpiirciis.  The  dwarfed  size  may  have  been  due  to  under  nourish- 
ment of  the  larv?e. 

Pachyschelus  leevigatus  (Say),  36-164. 
ovatus  \\  (Say),  25-252. 
piinctatus  (Gory),  41-347. 
carbonatus  (LeConte),  59-252. 
poUtiis  Kerrenians,  96-322. 


140  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    C^^'oi-  xxviii. 

(Original  description.) 

"  Ovate,  black ;  head  without  indented  line ;  elytra  without  regular  punc- 
tures. Desc.  Body  very  short,  ovate,  black  ;  head  without  the  usual  dilated 
indentation  but  a  very  slight  indentation  may  be  observed  on  close  inspection, 
particularly  on  the  lower  part  of  the  front  ;  slightly  punctured  :  thorax  equal 
with  the  exception  of  a  dilated  indentation  on  each  side  with  distant  punctures 
in  which  is  a  raised  centre ;  scutel  large,  flat,  impunctured,  polished ;  elytra 
with  wide,  irregular  not  deeply  impressed  punctures,  without  any  appearance 
of  a  regular  series,  no  appearance  of  elevated  lines,  a  profound  excavation 
behind  the  humerus  without  any  sinus  of  the  edge,  humerus  prominent.  Length 
rather  more  than  one-tenth  of  an  inch.  This  is  the  smallest  species  I  have  met 
with  and  of  a  shorter  form. 

■'Afterwards  (Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  vol.  6,  p.  164)  made  the  type  of  a 
new  genus  Metoniits  which  is  identical  with  Pachyschelus.  T.  ovata  Weber 
is  a  very  different  insect  belonging  to  Brachys, — Lee. 

"  .1/.  ovatiis  nob.  (Trachys)  Ann.  Lye.  X.  Y.  Those  who  will  retain  this 
species  in  Trachys  must  change  the  name  of  Icrvigatits  as  the  other  is  pre- 
occupied in  the  genus." 

The  pubescence  of  the  ventral  surface  is  less  pronounced  than  that 
of  the  preceding  species.  The  sexual  characters  are  similar  to  those 
of  purpurens  except  that  in  the  males,  the  process  on  the  last  ventral 
segment  bears  four  instead  of  three  small  teeth.    Length,  2-3  mm. 

This  species  is  very  common  in  most  localities  and  ranges  from 
S.  E.  Canada  to  Florida  and  west  to  Iowa.  Late  May  to  August  11. 
Blatchley  records  it  on  the  foliage  of  black  gum  and  flowers  of  black 
haw,  milkweed,  etc.  According  to  Chambers  it  mines  Dcsmodium. 
This  species  was  redescribed  many  times.  Called  ovatiis  by  Say  in 
his  original  description  (1825)  the  name  was  preoccupied  in  the  genus 
Trachys.  Afterward  (1836)  discovering  his  error,  the  name  Iccvigatns 
was  proposed  and  although  since  put  in  another  genus,  to  comply  with 
the  laws  of  nomenclature  the  latter  name  must  be  retained.  Le  Conte's 
carbonatiis  is  merely  a  phase  of  this  species,  but  just  why  one  having 
such  a  universal  knowledge  of  the  family  as  Kerremans  should  re- 
describe  it  under  the  name  politiis  is  hard  to  understand. 

Pachyschelus  schwarzi  Kerremans,  92-298. 
ccrntleiis  \\  Schwarz,  78-364. 

(Original  description.) 

/ 

"  Short  ovate,  black,  head  and  thorax  bluish  black  or  black  with  seneous 
tinge,  scutellum  and  elytra  bright  blue,  shining.     Head  deeply  channeled,  alu- 


June.  1920.]         XlCOLAY    AND    W'eISS  :    ThE    GrOUP    TraCIIES.  141 

taceous,  obsoktcly  punctulate.  Thorax  without  lateral  depression  and  with 
sparse,  shallow  punctures  almost  obliterated  on  the  disc,  more  obvious  at  the 
sides,  finely  alutaceous  at  the  sides.  Elytra  with  a  deep  impression  on  the 
sides  before  the  middle  and  with  another  obsolete  one  near  the  suture  behind 
tfie  middle,  plainly  punctured  with  traces  of  regular  rows  on  the  disc.  Length 
2-3  mm.  ,o8-.i2  inch.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  with  an  oblong  impression 
at  apex,  apical  margins  produced  in  the  middle  into  two  prominent  processes 
each  of  which  terminates  in  four  small  teeth.  Female,  last  ventral  segment 
not  impressed,  apical  margin  produced  in  the  middle  in  an  acute  point. 

"  Very  al)uiidant  everywhere  in  Florida.  In  form  and  size  this 
species  resembles  P.  Iccvigatiis,  the  elytra  however  are  less  triangular 
and  more  rounded  at  the  sides :  it  differs  also  by  its  color  and  by  the 
thorax  not  being  impressed  at  the  sides.  Very  probably  there  will 
also  l)e  a  difference  in  the  sexual  characters  of  the  males  but  we 
have  not  seen  the  male  of  P.  Iccvigatiis.  In  P.  purpnrciis  the  last  ven- 
tral segment  of  the  male  has  a  similar  impression  but  the  two  processes 
are  more  separated  from  each  other  and  each  terminates  in  three 
teeth." 

In  this  species  the  ventral  pubescence  is  almost  obsolete  except  on 
last  abdominal  segment.  Easily  separated  from  preceding  species  by 
bluish  color  of  entire  dorsal  surface.    Length,  2-3  mm. 

Localities. — Arkansas  (Nicolay  collection).  Enterprise,  April  18; 
Tampa;  Key  West  (Nicolay  collection);  Sanford,  April  24  to  May 
9,  Crescent  City  (Van  Duzee)  ;  Dunedin,  March  16  (Blatchley)  ; 
Florida.  Billy's  Island,  Okefenokee  Swamp,  June  (Leng)  ;  Georgia. 
Harrisburg,  July  31  (Wenzel)  ;  Texas. 

This  is  a  strictly  southern  form  and  evidently  not  rare  where  it 
occurs.  The  name  cccnilcits  was  given  to  a  species  from  Guiana  by 
Gory  in  1841.  The  spelling  of  this  name  with  an  "  o  "  instead  of  an 
'■  a  "  by  Kerremans  is  incorrect. 

Pachyschelus  schwarzi  var.  oculatus  Schaeffer,  09-377. 
(Original  description.) 
"  Black,  head  and  thorax  ^eneous,  elytra  blue.  Head  distinctly  longitu- 
dinally impressed  along  the  median  line ;  finely  and  densely  punctate  with  some 
coarser  punctures  intermixed ;  eyes  rather  convex.  Thorax  at  apex  feebly 
emarginate ;  sides  obliquely  narrowing  to  apex,  almost  straight  to  about  apical 
fourth,  then  slightly  arcuate;  base  bisinuate,  median  lobe  almost  truncate; 
surface  finely   and   very  densely   punctate  especially   at   sides,   intermixed   with 


142  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    f^'o'-  x.w'iii. 

longer,  ocellate  punctures  which  are  more  feeble  on  the  disc  ;  laterally  on  each 
side  sharply  impressed.  Scutellum  large,  triangular,  smooth.  Elytra  coarsely 
punctate ;  inter\-al  between  the  punctures  more  or  less  wrinkled ;  basal  and 
lateral  impressions  deep  ;  apical  subsutural  impression  less  deep.  Sculpture  of 
underside  of  body  rather  finely  reticulate,  intermixed  on  the  pro-  and  meta- 
sternum  with  large  ocellate  punctures  ;  metasternum  at  sides  plicate ;  abdomen 
very  sparsely  pubescent.     Length  3  mm.     Nogales,  Arizona. 

"  This  species  is  very  close  to  carntlcus  but  is  more  slender  and  has 
the  eyes  more  convex  than  any  other  of  our  species." 

This  is  merely  a  geographical  variation  distinguished  by  the 
aeneous  lustre  of  the  head  and  thorax.  The  remarks  by  Mr.  Schaeffer 
about  it  being  more  slender  with  eyes  more  convex  are  misleading. 
In  the  large  series  of  schwarzi  before  us,  there  are  many  specimens 
which  are  certainly  more  slender  than  this  variety.  Also  the  eyes 
are  not  more  convex  but  the  median  line  is  more  deeply  impressed, 
which  might  give  them  that  appearance.  In  certain  specimens  of 
schwarzi,  however,  the  impression  of  the  median  line  is  even  deeper 
than  in  the  variety,  so  this  character  has  no  value. 

Localities. — 'Nogales,  Arizona  (Schaeffer).  Arizona  (Nicolay 
collection). 

There  are  only  two  specimens  of  this  variety  known  to  us.  The 
type  collected  by  Mr.  Schaeffer  is  in  the  collection  of  the  Brooklyn 
Museum  and  a  single  female  with  only  the  state  label  is  in  the  Nicolay 
collection.     There  is  no  variation  in  the  two  specimens. 

Taphrocems  Solier,  33-314. 

Body  elongate ;  scutellum  small,  smooth,  triangular ;  thorax  usually 
widest  at  base,  rarely  with  sides  parallel  {IccvicolUs  Le  Conte)  ;  head 
large  with  a  median  longitudinal  impression ;  eyes  large,  oval ;  an- 
tennae short,  eleven  jointed;  elytra  punctate,  sides  sinuate,  a  faint  de- 
pression between  scutellum  and  humerus ;  legs  less,  retractile  than  in 
preceding  genus,  tibiae  linear ;  tarsi  short ;  presternum  pointed  behind ; 
ventral  surface  of  thorax  grooved  near  margin  for  the  reception  of 
antennae ;  pubescence  short  and  sparse.  The  dorsal  surfaces  of  our 
species  are  entirely  black  to  coppery  in  color.  In  the  "  Biologia," 
Waterhouse  uses  a  key  to  separate  the  forms  giving  as  the  first  divi- 
sion, species  with  or  without  a  lateral  carina  on  the  elytra.  In  study- 
ing our  species,  we  find  that  all  are  without  it. 


June,  1920.]         XicOLAY    AXD    Wl-ISS:    TlIR    GrOUP    TrACHES.  143 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Taphrocerus. 

1 .  Elytra  glabrous    2 

Elytra    with    spots   or   lines   of   pubescence- ;    pubescence   rarely   wanting  and 

replaced  by  punctate  foves   5 

2.  Thorax  widest  at  and  depressed  at  base 3 

Thorax  not  depressed  at  base,  uniformly  rounded,  sides  parallel  or  widest  at 

centre    4 

3.  Robust,  black  with  a  slight  virescent  to  xneous  shine  ;  tips  of  elytrta  strongly 

serrulate  ;  length  4.5-5.5  mm puncticoUis  Schwarz. 

Depressed,  a?neous ;   head  shining,  deeply  impressed  ;   tips   of   elytra  not  or 
very  feebly  serrulate  :  elytra  coarsely  punctate  ;  length  3.5-4  mm. 

schaefferi  nov.  sp. 

4.  Subparallel,    coppery,    moderately   shining;    thorax   widest   at    middle;    head 

alutaceous,    feebly    impressed,    narrower    than    widest   portion    of    thorax; 

elytra  finely  punctate agriloides  Crotch. 

Sides  of  thorax  parallel  ;  head  as  wide  as  thorax IzevicoUis  Le  Conte. 

5.  Apical  half  of  elytra  with  two  , white  fascia  ;  black  with  sneous  rarely  vires- 

cent  lustre  to  entirely  aeneous gracilis  Say. 

Apical  half  of  elytra  with  six  isolated  dots  of  white  pubescence;  black  with- 
out aeneous  lustre   albonotatus  Blatchley. 

Taphrocerus  puncticoUis  Schwarz,  78-363,  Plate  VI  (Fig.  A). 

(Original  description.) 

"  Elongate  above,  blackish  blue  or  black  with  faint  aeneous  tinge,  shining. 
Head  less  strongly  excavate,  very  finely  alutaceous,  distinctly  moderately, 
sparsely  punctate,  punctures  deeper  than  in  T.  gracilis.  Thorax  transverse, 
narrowed  in  front  when  viewed  from  above,  sides  minute  before  the  hind 
angles  which  are  rectangular,  base  strongly  lobed  in  the  middle,  lobe  broadly 
emargin^te,  surface  uneven  with  the  distinct  carina  in  front  of  the  hind  angles 
very  finely  alutaceous,  coarsely  unequally  punctured,  each  puncture  bearing  a 
very  short  scale-like  hair.  Scutellum  transverse,  shining.  Elytra  impressed 
at  base,  impressions  on  the  disc  not  obvious,  serrate  at  outer  apical  angle,  an- 
teriorly moderately  strongly  striate  punctate,  punctures  obsolete  toward  the 
apex,  each  with  a  very  fine  short  hair,  interstice  on  the  disc  unequal,  the  striae 
therefore  appear  subgeminate,  humeral  carina  broadly  interrupted  at  middle. 
Beneath  bluish  black  or  black,  nietasternum  coarsely  punctured,  abdomen  with 
sparse  shallow  punctures,  last  segment  with  a  deep  semicircular  marginal 
sulcus.     Length  5  mm.     .20  inch. 

''  Enterprise  and  Cedar  Keys.  More  elongate  than  gracilis  and 
distinguished  hy  the  deeper  punctuation  of  head,  thorax  and  nieta- 
sternum and  hy  tlic  elytra  less  even  without  patches  of  puhescence ; 


144  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 

from  T.  agriloidcs  it  differs  cliiefly  by  the  form  of  the  thorax  which 
in  the  latter  species  is  not  narrowed  in  front  when  viewed  from 
above." 

Localities. — Biscayne,  :\Iay  23  (Schwarz)  (Leng  and  Schaeffer 
collections),  Paradise  Key  (Royal  Palm  Hammock),  February 
(Wetmore),  Florida.  Delchamps,  August  '  30;  Coden,  June  9 
(Loding)  ;  Alabama. 

This  is  the  largest  of  our  species  and  according  to  the  few  speci- 
mens known  seems  to  be  constant  in  size  and  punctuation.  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Chapin  informs  us  that  Mr.  Wetmore  has  taken  some  forty 
specimens  of  this  rather  rare  species,  all  from  the  same  locality. 

Taphrocerus  schaefferi  nov.  sp.,  Plate  VI  (Fig.  B). 

Depressed,  aeneous;  elytra  punctate  striate,  punctures  coarse,  each  one  with 
a  short,  white  reflexed  hair,  tips  usually  not  serrulate,  rarely  very  feebly  so. 
Umbone  prominent,  base  of  elytra  with  fovea,  sides  sinuate,  widest  at  base 
where  it  is  sharply  emarginate,  thence  broadening  to  center,  becoming  grad- 
ually narrower  toward  apex.  Thorax  widest  at  base,  distinctly,  transversely 
depressed  at  base  and  apex,  a  distinct  carina  just  inside  the  basal  angle; 
rather  sparsely  and  unevenly  and  finely  punctate,  each  puncture  with  a  reflexed 
hair.  Head  shining,  sparsely  punctate,  front  with  a  deep  longitudinal  impres- 
sion attaining  or  nearly  attaining  occiput.  First  and  second  antenna!  joints 
large  and  globular,  next  three  narrow  elongate,  last  six  wider,  strongly  ser- 
rate. Ventral  surface  jeneous,  legs  black  with  aeneous  lustre,  finely  and  dis- 
tinctly punctate,  pubescence  white,  arranged  in  usual  transverse  rows  on  the 
abdomen.     Length,  3.5  mm.  to  4  mm.     Width,   i  mm. 

Localities. — Brownsville,  August  26,  Texas.  Type  in  Nicolay  col- 
lection. One  paratype  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Howard  Notman  and 
two  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Charles  Schaeffer. 

This  species  appears  to  be  allied  to  piincticollis  but  is  at  once  dis- 
tinguished by  the  much  smaller  size,  more  flattened  form  and  aeneous 
color.  To  Mr.  Gilbert  Arrow  of  the  British  Museum  we  are  much 
indebted  for  comparing  this  as  well  as  our  other  species  from  the 
south  and  southwest  with  the  specimens  in  the  collection  of  that  in- 
stitution so  as  to  avoid  any  possibility  of  error.  The  species  is  named 
in  honor  of  Mr.  Charles  Schaeffer  of  the  Brooklyn  ]\Iuseum  to  whom 
we  are  greatly  indebted  for  many  favors. 


June,  1920.]         XlCOLAY    AND    W'kISS  :    ThE    GrOUP    TrACHES.  145 

Taphrocerus  agriloides  Crotch,  73-75.  Plate  VI  (Fig.  C). 

(Original  description.) 

"  Subclongate,  aeneous,  head  very  sparingly  punctate,  with  an  impressed 
line  on  the  front ;  thorax  alutaceous,  transverse,  sides  straight,  coarsely  and 
sparsely  punctate,  base  with  a  rounded  median  lobe ;  elytra  deeply  punctate 
striate,  the  punctures  decreasing  towards  the  apex.     L.  14,  Texas  (Bclfrage). 

"In  appearance  very  like  Agrilis  putillus." 

Superficially  this  species  is  very  close  to  schacffcri  and  undoubt- 
edly mixed  with  it  in  many  collections  as  it  occurs  in  the  same  locality 
but  has  a  more  extended  range,  specimens  having  been  taken  as  far 
north  as  Georgia.  It  will  be  necessary  to  add  the  following  to  the 
above  description  in  order  to  clearly  define  this  species.  Coppery, 
moderately  shining,  elongate,  elytra  gradually  narrowing  from  about 
the  apical  half,  more  finely  punctate  than  schacffcri,  tips  distinctly 
serrulate,  umbone  not  noticeable,  fovea  at  base  of  elytra  smaller  and 
less  distinct.  Thorax  widest  at  middle  evenly  rounded  when  viewed 
from  above;  a  more  or  less  distinct  fovea  on  each  side  near  base. 
Front  of  head  much  more  feebly  iinpressed,  alutaceous.  Ventral  sur- 
face reneous,  finely  and  moderately  punctate,  pubescence  sparse,  ar- 
ranged in  transverse  rows  of  short,  white  hairs  on  the  abdomen.  We 
can  not  see  that  this  species  resembles  Agrilis  putillus  in  any  very 
striking  point.    Length,  3.5  mm.    Width,  0.75-1  mm. 

Localities. — Coden,  June  9 ;  Mobile,  April  1 1  ;  Delchainps,  August 
30,  on  rushes  in  salt  marsh  (Loding)  ;  Alabama.     Georgia.    Texas. 

This  species  is  at  once  separated  from  schacffcri  by  the  thorax 
being  widest  at  centre,  not  impressed  at  base  and  without  carina  in- 
side the  basal  angle.  The  head  is  alutaceous,  more  feebly  impressed. 
Elytral  punctuation  is  finer  with  the  tips  strongly  serrulate  and  the 
body  is  more  elongate  and  parallel. 

Taphrocerus  laevicollis  Le  Conte,  7S-403,  Plate  VI  (Fig.  D). 

(Original  description.) 

"  Very  small,  slender,  convex,  narrower  behind,  black-bronzed,  shining. 
Head  and  prothorax  nearly  smooth,  the  former  large,  longitudinally  impressed ; 
the  latter  with  very  deep  oblique  impressions  towards  the  sides,  which  are 
nearly  straight  and  subparalltl.  Elytra  uneven  with  vague  rows  of  feebly  im- 
pressed striae.     Length  2.5  mm.;  .10  inch. 


146  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    t^'°^-  xxviii. 

"Enterprise  (Florida):  one  specimen.  Easily  recognized  bv  the 
small  size,  large  head,  not  narrower  than  the  prothorax  and  by  the 
latter  not  being  narrowed  in  front." 

Head  and  pronotum  shining  with  short,  white  pubescence.  Elytra 
sinuate,  smooth,  feebly  punctate  striate.  Ventral  surface  with  short 
sparse  hairs;  abdominal  vestiture  arranged  in  transverse  lines. 

Localities. — Haw  Creek,  April  6  (Schwarz),  Florida.  Coden. 
June  9   (Loding),  Alabama. 

This  species  is  quite  distinct  and  readily  recognized  from  the  orig- 
inal description.  It  appears  to  be  local  and  by  no  means  plentiful, 
being  represented  in  only  a  very  few  collections. 

Taphrocerus  gracilis  (Say),  25-252,  Plate  VI  (Fig.  E). 
alboguttaUis  (Mannerheim),  37-120. 
cylindricollis  Kerremans,  96—312. 
{f)  texanus  Kerremans,  96-312. 

(Original  description.) 

"  Oblong  blackish  :  elytra  with  regular  series  of  punctures.  Body  rather 
slender,  oblong,  blackish-brassy ;  head  a  little  concave,  but  not  profoundly  so  ; 
thorax  inequal,  with  a  slight  impressed  line  before,  and  a  wide  indented  space 
occupying  half  the  thorax  behind  ;  on  each  side  is  a  rai&ed,  arcuated,  obtuse 
line,  extending  nearly  from  one  angle  to  the  other ;  scutel  moderate ;  elytra 
with  regular  series  of  rather  large,  profoundly  impressed  punctures  which  are 
obsolete  at  tip.     Length,  less  than  three-twentieths  of  an  inch. 

"  A  comparatively  slender  species.  I  found  it  on  a  myrtle  bush  at 
Senipuxten  Island,  in  September.  It  exhibits  an  unusual  regularity 
in  its  series  of  punctures.''  (This  is  the  type  of  Taphrocerus  Sol.; 
the  name  under  which  it  was  known  to  him  is  the  synonym  Brachys 
albognttata  Lap.  and  Gory.-Lec.) 

On  fresh  and  unrul)I)ed  specimens  there  are  two  distinct  fascia 
of  white  pubescence  on  the  apical  half  of  the  elytra  and  occasionally 
a  spot  on  either  side  at  the  base,  but,  in  most  cabinet  specimens,  there 
is  but  one  band,  often  reduced  to  a  mere  spot.  The  variation  in  the 
sculpture  of  the  elytra  seems  unlimited.  The  commonest  form  is 
punctate  striate,  the  punctures  being  rather  unevenly  arranged,  coarse 
at  the  base  becoming  obsolete  after  the  first  fascia.  However,  some 
specimens   are   almost   smooth   while   others,   chiefly   those   from   the 


June,  1920.]         XlCOLAY    AND    WkISS:    TiIE    GrOUP    TraCHES.  147 

southwest,  have  the  stride  evenly,  finely  and  densely  punctate.  More- 
over specimens  are  often  met  with  which  luive  a  deep,  longitudinal 
sulcus  on  each  elytron.  There  is  a  deep  depression  at  the  base  and 
usually  a  distinct  fovea  just  before  the  apex.  Thorax  widest  and 
deeply  depressed  at  base.  Head  and  thorax  rather  smooth,  sparsely 
hairy.  Ventral  surface  black.  Metasternum  strongly  punctate.  Ab- 
domen finely  punctate,  slightly  to  densely  hairy,  hairs  not  arranged 
however  in  transverse  rows.    Length,  2.6-4.5  "^"^• 

Ranges  from  Canada  to  Florida  and  westward  as  far  as  Iowa, 
Texas  and  Arizona.  Around  New  York  City  specimens  have  been 
found  from  May  17  to  September  8.  Found  beating  in  swampy  places 
(Smith.  Ins.  N.  J.,  p.  295).  On  flowers  and  leaves  of  button  bush, 
Ccphalanthus  occidcntalis  and  on  herbs  in  low  wet  places  (Blatchley, 
Col.  Ind..  p.  805). 

Few  species  possess  such  a  great  individual  variation  as  this  one 
and  it  is  remarkable  that  more  names  have  not  been  erected.  The 
forms  from  Arizona,  New  Mexico  and  Colorado  upon  superficial  ex- 
amination appeared  so  distinct  in  having  well  defined,  finely  punctate 
striae  and  smooth  elytra  with  cCneous  lustre  that  we  at  first  considered 
them  as  a  valid  species  and  distinct  from  the  more  unevenly  sculp- 
tured blackish  insects  taken  in  the  east.  However  after  examining 
over  one  hundred  individuals,  we  could  discover  no  real  specific  dif- 
ference and  upon  receiving  several  from  Brownsville,  Texas,  possess- 
ing the  uneven  shape,  coarsely  punctured  striae  of  the  eastern  form, 
yet  retaining  the  brilliant  aeneous  color  of  the  western  insects,  we  felt 
that  it  would  be  best  to  regard  it  as  one  variable  species  as  Kerremans 
and  our  other  predecessors  did,  rather  than  name  the  extreme  forms, 
which  are  not  geographically  limited  and  if  consistently  followed  out 
would  mean  the  erection  of  at  least  six  new  species. 

The  Leng  collection  contains  a  very  peculiar  indixidual  from 
Florida,  which  has  the  elytra  broadly  and  deeply  sulcated.  the  sulci 
running  parallel  to  and  half  way  between  the  suture  and  sides  until 
just  before  the  apex,  where  they  converge  toward  the  suture,  each 
ending  in  a  deep  fovea.  A  specimen  from  Anglesea,  N.  J.,  collected 
by  us  has  the  entire  surface  marked  with  irregular  pits  and  cavities. 
From  Georgia,  are  specimens  almost  smooth  and  impunctate  with  a 
virescent  shine.     Mr.  Schaeffer  took  one  at  Pine  Island.  X.  Y.,  which 


148  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 

has  the  evenly  and  finely  punctured  stri^  of  the  typical  specimens 
from  the  southwest.  Therefore  we  prefer  to  consider  these  all  as 
aberrant  forms  of  gracilis.  In  a  very  few  individual  cases  there  are 
no  traces  of  the  fascia  but  these  we  regard  as  having  been  rubbed  off 
naturally  or  as  a  result  of  handling.  Punctate  foveae  replace  the 
pubescence  in  these  examples. 

From  the  description  it  would  appear  as  if  Kerremans  had  before 
him  one  of  these  extreme  forms  when  he  erected  the  name  tcxanus 
and  as  the  type  is  not  obtainable,  we  believe  that  it  is  best  placed  as  a 
synonym  of  gracilis.  However  at  the  end  of  the  text,  there  will  be 
found  a  translation  of  his  original  description,  for  those  not  satisfied 
with  this  admittedly  rather  uncertain  placing  of  his  species. 

Gracilis  is  our  most  abundant  and  widely  distributed  species.  It  is 
common  around  New  York  City  and  taken  while  sweeping  meadows 
usually  in  moist  places  where  the  vegetation  is  rank. 

Taphrocerus  albonotatus  Blatchley,  19-29.  Plate  VI  (Fig.  F). 

(Original  description.) 

"  Elongate,  slender,  strongly  tapering  behind.  Black,  shining,  very  sparsely 
and  finely  pubesicent ;  the  elytra  with  eight  isolated  white  pubescent  spots, 
arranged  in  three  cross  rows,  two  each  in  the  first  and  third,  and  four  in  the 
second  or  middle  row  ;  the  spots  of  the  third  row  crescent-shaped,  the  others 
rounded  or  oblong,  the  first  row  at  middle,  the  others  equally  spaced  behind  it. 
Head  as  broad  as  front  of  thorax,  finely  alutaceous,  not  punctate,  the  occiput 
with  a  wide,  shallow,  median  impression.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  lon^,  base 
slightly  wider  than  apex,  disk  uneven,  but  less  so  than  in  gracilis ;  surface 
minutely  alutaceous  and  with  large,  shallow,  scattered  ocellate  punctures. 
Elytra  at  base  slightly  narrower  than  base  of  thorax,  sides  broadly  sinuate  in 
front  of  middle,  straight  and  strongly  converging  from  apical  third  to  the 
obtusely  rounded  tips ;  disk  with  regular  rows  of  large  shallow  punctures,  these 
becoming  obsolete  towards  apex.  Abdomen  with  large  very  shallow  punctures, 
each  enclosing  a  small  oblong  white  scale.     Length,  3.5-4.5  mm." 

Localities. — Jacksonville  (Leng  collection).  Lakeland,  Ft.  Myers, 
La  Belle,  Dunedin,  October  20  to  April  10  (Blatchley),  Florida; 
Billy's  Island,  Okefenokee  Swamp,  June  (Leng),  Georgia. 

This  is  a  southern  species  taken  by  Mr.  Blatchley  on  huckleberry 
and  other  low  shrubs  in  late  fall  and  early  spring.  The  pubescence  is 
rather  an  uncertain  character  to  depend  upon  unless  the  specimens 


/une,  1920.]         XlCOLAY    AND    W'eISS  :    ThE    GrOUP    TrACHES.  149 

are  fresh  and  not  ruhhed.  but  the  lack  of  bronze  and  more  slender  and 
more  tapering  I)ody  should  make  it  easy  to  separate  from  gracilis, 
w^ich  also  occurs  in  I'lorida. 


Taphroceius  texanus  Kerrcmans,  96-312. 

(Translation  of  original  description.) 

Elongate,  subparallel.  cylindrical,  attenuated  before  and  behind,  entirely 
black,  very  lightly  bronzed. 

Head  punctate,  convex,  slightly  grooved  on  anterior  part  of  front.  Pro- 
notum  almost  square,  slightly  narrower  in  front  than  behind,  slightly  convex, 
covered  by  an  irregularly  spaced  punctuation  like  that  of  the  head ;  the  anterior 
margin  straight,  the  sides  nearly  straight,  obliquely  truncate  anteriorly,  the 
posterior  angle  straight,  the  base  weakly  bisinuate  with  the  median  lobe  pro- 
jecting and  sharp.  Shield  very  small.  Elytra  wider  than  pronotum  at  base, 
rugose  and  covered  with  a  series  of  longitudinal  dots,  scarcely  sinuate  on  the 
sides,  as  high  as  the  posterior  hips,  very  slightly  widened  toward  the  middle, 
attenuated  afterward  following  a  slightly  pronounced  arc  as  far  as  the  summit 
which  is  separately  rounded  and  finely  toothed.  Ventral  surface  very  finely 
granulated.     Length,  3.5  mm.     Width.  0.8  mm.     Texas. 

Mr.  Gilbert  Arrow  of  the  British  ^Museum  writes:  "We  have  only 
the  single  type  specimen  of  T.  tcxomis  so  that  it  is  not  possiI)le  to 
send  it,  but  it  seems  to  me  to  l)e  different  from  botli  T.  gracilis  and 
T.  agriloidcs.  It  is  like  the  former  in  size  and  shape  but  has  con- 
spicuous punctures  thinly  scattered  over  the  pronotum.  It  is  an  old 
specimen  from  which  the  original  labels  have  been  removed  so  that 
of  course  there  is  a  possibility  that  the  locality  may  be  incorrect." 


BiBLIOGR.XPHV. 


Blatchley,  1919,  Can.  Ent.,  vol.  51,  No.  2. 

Coleoptera  of  Indiana. 
Burke,  1917,  Bui.  437.  Bur.  Ent.,  U.  S.  D.  k. 
Chagnon,  1917,  Ins.  Quebec  (Col.). 
Crotch,  1873,  Proc.  -Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Phil. 
Deyrolle,  1864,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  vol.  8. 
Gory  (Castelnau  &  Gory),  1835-1841,  Mon.  Bup.  &  Suppl. 
Kerremans,  1892,  Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  vol.  I.        ^ 

1S93,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  vol.  37. 

1896,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.   Belg.,  vol.  40. 


150  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    ^'^'°^-  >'xviii. 

1903,   Genera  Insectorum. 
Lacordaire,  1857,  Gen.  Col.,  vol.  4. 
Le  Conte,   1859,  Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  (Rev.  Bup.). 

1878,  Proc.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  vol.  17  (Col.  Florida,  Mich.). 
Le  Conte  &  Horn,  18S3,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  507  (Class.  Col.). 
Mannerheim,  1837,  Bui.  Soc.  Nat.  Mosc,  vol.  VIII. 
Marseul,  1865,  L'Abeille,  vol.  2. 
Packard,  1890,  Fifth  Rept.  U.  S.  Ent.  Comm. 
Say,  1825,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  vol.  I. 

1836,  Tr.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  vol.  VI. 
Schaeffer,  1909,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.  Bui.,  vol.  I,  No.  15. 
Schwarz,  1878,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  vol.  17. 
Smith,   1909,  N.  J.  St.  Mus.  Rept.  (Ins.  N.  J.). 
Solier,  1833,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  2. 
Waterhouse,   1882-97,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Col.  Ser.,  vol.  3,  part  i. 

Acknowledgments 

We  are  especially  grateful  to  Mr.  C.  W.  Leng  and  Mr.  Chas. 
Schaeffer  for  placing  their  collections  at  our  disposal  and  for  refer- 
ences to  the  literature  and  helpful  criticism.  For  records,  specimens 
and  other  help,  we  take  pleasure  in  extending  our  sincere  thanks  to 
Mr.  C.  A.  Frost,  Mr.  H.  P.  Loding,  Mr.  W.  S.  Blatchley,  Mr.  Howard 
Notman  and  Mr.  Gilbert  Arrow.    ' 

EXPLAN.\TI0N    OF    PlATE    VI. 

Fig.  A.  T.  piincticollis. 

Fig.  B.  T.  schaefferi  n.  sp. 

Fig.  C.  T.  agriloides. 

Fig.  D.  T.  Iccvicollis. 

Fig.  E.  T.  gracilis. 

Fig.  F.  T.  albonotatns. 


fJouRX.  X.  ^^  Ext.  Soc.) 


Vol.  XWIII 


(Plate  VI.) 


TAI'llKOCl-.Rrs.) 


June,  1920.]  ChAMBERLIX  :    WoOD-BoRING    BEETLES.  151 


NOTES    ON    TWO    LITTLE-KNOWN    WOOD-BORING 

BEETLES.      CHRYSOBOTHRIS   SYLVANIA   FALL 

AND    MELASIS    RUFIPENNIS    HORN. 

(BUPRESTIDiE,    ELATERID^.) 

By  W.  J.  Chamberlin, 
Forest  Entomologist?  Oregon  Agricultural  College. 

Chrysobothris  sylvania  Fall. 

This  buprestid  was  described  by  Prof.  H.  C.  Fall  (1)1  as  follows:  Original 
Description  : 

"  C.  sylvania  new  species.  Closely  allied  to  trinervia,  but  rather  broader 
and  heavier,  the  color  beneath  bright  green  in  the  male,  dark  green  with 
cupreous  reflections  in  the  female;  prothorax  as  abruptly  or  even -more  ab- 
ruptly narrowed  behind  than  in  front ;  elytral  costs  not  as  distinctly  elevated 
as  in  typical  trinervia,  the  smooth  spaces  sharply  defined,  the  punctured  areas 
more  densely  punctate  than  in  trinerz-ia;  sexual  characters  as  in  trinervia. 
Length  11. 5-1 1.8  mm.;  width  5-5.1  mm." 

The  type  material  consisted  of  four  specimens,  two  of  each  sex, 
taken  by  Mr.  Ricksecker  at  Sylvania,  Calif. 

The  next  reference  to  this  species  is  in  Dr.  Woodworth's  ''  Guide 
to  California  Insects"  (2)  where  he  merely  lists  C.  sylvania  as  oc- 
curring- in  California. 

In  1916  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke  (3)  mentions  that  the  type  material 
was  taken  in  Sonoma  Co.,  and  that  ]\Ir.  Nunenmacher  had  taken  a 
specimen  in  Del  Norte  Co.,  also  that  specimens  had  been  taken  in 
Oregon  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Bridwell  and  myself.  In  191 7  (4)  I  summarized 
the  foregoing  information  and  added  some  Oregon  localities  to  the 
distribution  and  gave  Douglas  fir  as  a  host  tree. 

Aside  from  the  brief  notes  mentioned  there  has  been  nothing  con- 
cerning this  species  published. 

Adult.     Length  12  mm.;  width  5  mm. 

Antennae  green,  lobes  of  joints  4  to  1 1  purplish,  joints  i  to  3  more  slender 
than  4,  joints  4  to  1 1  gradually  narrowing,  third  joint  as  long  as  the  next  two. 
L'pper  front  brassy  green,  lower  portion  brilliant  green,  densely,  coarsely 
punctate   with   two   smooth   callosities.     Clypeus   broadly   emarginate.   acute   at 

1  Numbers  refer  to  the  bibliography. 


152  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    ^^'°^-  xxviii. 

sides.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  long,  sides  subparallel  at  middle,  narrowing 
rapidly  one-fourth  from  apex  and  base,  median  sulcus  deep  at  middle,  densely 
and  deeply  pvmctured,  obliterated  by  elevated  smoother  spaces  at  either  end, 
broad,  irregular,  broken,  elevated,  smooth  places  each  side  of  median  depres- 
sion. Elevated  spaces  irregular,  black  and  smooth,  punctured  areas  brassy 
green,  more  brilliant  green  along  lateral  margins.  Base  of  elytra  distinctly 
wider  than  thorax,  sides  parallel  for  slightly  more  than  one-half  their  length, 
then  narrowing  sharply  and  serrate.  Apices  rounded ;  first  costa  nearly  entire, 
prominent  and  smooth ;  others  obliterated  j^  jDasal  foveae  deep ;  remainder  of 
elytral  surface  composed  of  about  equal  areas  of  elevated,  smooth,  dark  areas 
and  depressed,  densely  punctured,  dark  green  areas  ;  under  parts  of  male  uni- 
formly bright  metallic  green. 

Female:  Bluish-purple  beneath,  prosternum  more  smooth  and  shining; 
anterior  tibia  arcuate,  not  suddenly  dilated  at  tip. 

Male  :  Prosternum  densely  hairy  ;  anterior  tibia  arcuate  and  suddenly  di- 
lated at  tip. 

Pupa.  The  pupa  (Plate  VII,  fig.  i)  is  of  the  common  CJiryso- 
hothris  type;  white  or  yellowish-white  in  color,  head  hent  sharply 
forward,  resting  on  the  breast  with  the  legs  and  wing  pads  folded  on 
the  ventral  surface.     Length,  lo  to  12  mm.;  width,  5  to  5.5  mm. 

Larva.  The  larva  (Plate  VII,  fig.  2)  is  whitish,  and  of  the  typical 
flathead  type,  sparsely  covered  with  fine  bristle-like  hairs.  The  ven- 
tral plate  is  oval,  roughened  and  marked  by  a  long  inverted  V,  formed 
by  two  deep  grooves,  the  apex  of  the  V  touches  the  anterior  margin 
of  the  plate  while  the  open  end  stops  about  one-sixth  from  the  pos- 
terior margin.  The  ventral  plate  is  of  the  same  oval  shape  but  slightly 
smaller  than  the  dorsal,  the  median  groove  does  not  reach  either  mar- 
gin. The  fourth  segment  is  shorter  and  narrower  than  the  fifth. 
The  last  segment  is  decidedly  constricted.  Length,  24-27  mm.  Width 
of  first  thoracic  segment,  4.5-5.5  mm. 

Egg.  The  egg  is  oval,  semitransparent,  flattened  on  the  side  which 
comes  in  contact  with  the  bark ;  average  measurements  are  about  i  by 
.6  mm.  The  eggs  are  deposited  singly,  in  crevices  or  under  the  edge 
of  bark  scales.  Observations  indicate  that  eggs  may  be  deposited  in 
clusters  or  near  to  one  another,  as  seven  young  larvae  were  found 
under  one  piece  of  bark,  roughly  6  by  8  inches,  and  three  full  grown 
larvse  making  pupal  cells  in  an  area  three  inches  square. 


June,  1920.]  ClIAMnF.RLIX  :    W'OOD-BORING    BEETLES.  153 

Seasox.vl  History. 

The  eggs  are  deposited  in  crevices  of  the  bark  in  late  April  and 
May,  in  the  vicinity  of  Corvallis;-  the  minute  larvx  enter  the  bark, 
work  to  the  cambium  and  extend  their  mines  through  the  cambium, 
bark  or  wood  during  the  summer,  fall  and  winter.  Pupation  takes 
place  in  ^larch  or  April  and  lasts  from  two  to  three  weeks.  Jhe 
first  adults  were  noted  April  i6. 

Work  and  Habits. 
The  hal)its  of  the  hirv?e  differ,  some  work  only  a  sliort  time  in  the 
cambium,  excavating  their  characteristic  oval  tunnels  whicli  are  about 
three-fourths  in  the  bark  and  one-fourth  in  the  wood;  they  then  enter 
the  sapwood  and  often  work  into  the  heart  wood;  others  seem  to 
spend  almost  their  entire  larval  stage  in  the  cambium.  Just  prior  to 
pupation  the  larva  digs  to  the  outer  portion  of  the  bark,  leaving  a 
thin  covering  over  the  future  exit  hole.  From  here  the  larva  in- 
variably returns  to  the  sapwood  to  pupate.  From  one-fourth  to  one- 
half  an  inch  below  the  cambium  will  he  found  the  pupal  cell,  which 
measures  from  7  to  lo  mm.  in  width  and  12  to  15  mm.  long,  always 
parallel  to  the  surface  and  with  the  grain  of  the  wood.  The  mines 
are  packed  with  borings  and  excrement  but  lack  the  concentric  ap- 
pearance of  the  packings  in  the  mines  of  many  of  the  group. 

Parasites. 

The  most  important  parasite  of  this  beetle  seem  to  be  a  predacious 
mite  Pcdiculoidcs  vcntricosus.^  These  mites  w'ere  found  in  great 
numbers  on  both  larv^  and  pupce.  The  males  are  hardly  visible  to  the 
unaided  eye,  while  the  females  appear  as  small  spherical  yellow  bodies, 
which  might  be  taken  for  eggs;  the  largest  are  almost  one  mm.  in 
diameter.  The  extent  of  the  ravages  of  these  mites  may  be  judged 
from  the  following  experiments. 

2  Elevation  400  ft.     Latitude  44°  32'.     N.  Longitude  123°   16'  \\. 

3  This  peculiar  species  belongs  to  the  small  family  T  ARSON  EM  I D  JE .  The 
male  and  female  differ  radically.  The  female  when  mature  has  the  abdomen 
enormously  swollen  so  that  it  is  20  to  100  times  greater  than  the  rest  of  the 
body  due  to  the  mass  of  eggs  within.  The  eggs  hatch  and  the  young  grow 
within  the  body  of  the  parent  and  are  born  sexually  mature.  The  male  has 
almost  no  abdomen,  the  body  is  short  and  angulate  behind.  Both  sexes  possess 
needle-like  mandibles  and  sucking  mouth  parts. 


154  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 

A  piece  of  wood  containing  larvae  of  C.  sylz'a)iia  was  collected  in 
March  and  put  in  a  breeding  cage.  On  April  7,  the  wood  was  opened 
to  get  larvae  for  study  and  the  first  specimen  encountered  was  dead, 
shriveled  and  covered  with  mites.  Upon  further  examination  12 
larvae  and  4  pupae  were  found,  all  dead  and  literally  covered  with 
mites.  Another  specimen  of  wood  collected  in  the  same  locality  at 
about  the  same  time  contained  fourteen  larvae,  ten  of  which  were 
either  dead  or  in  a  dying  condition  due  to  the  mites.  Two  were  unin- 
fested  and  emerged  April  22  and  April  24  as  male  beetles;  of  the 
remaining  two,  one  died  from  no  apparent  cause  and  the  other  was 
parasitized  by  an  ichneumon  fly.  Three  undetermined  species  of 
Ichneumonidae  were  found  to  be  parasitic  upon  the  beetles.  The 
largest  species  was  found  to  be  quite  common  in  certain  infested  logs. 
Breeding  experiments  indicate  that  about  20  per  cent,  of  the  beetles 
are  destroyed  by  these  ichneumon  flies. 

Melasis  rufipennis  Horn. 

Of  this  species  I  am  able  to  find  no  reference  in  our  literature  other  than 
the  original  description  by  Dr.  Horn*  followed  by  the  statement  that  it  occurs 
in  Nevada  and  Washington  Territory. 

There  are  two  species  of  this  genus  found  in  our  fauna  M.  pectinicornis 
Mels.  being  the  eastern  representative  and  M.  rufipennis  Horn,  the  western. 
Both  species  seem  to  be  quite  rare. 

Original  description  : 

"  M.  rufipennis  n.  sp. — Form  elongate,  subcylindrical,  slightly  narrowed 
behind,  piceous,  subopaque ;  pubescence  fulvous,  scarcely  visible,  elytra  and 
antennze  rufo-ferruginous ;  antennae  atttaining  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  the 
third  joint  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  visible  (in  front)  portion  of  the  second, 
joint  four  triangular,  broader  than  long,  five  to  ten  gradually  more  prolonged 
anteriorly,  but  less  so  than  in  pectinicornis:  eyes  small,  round,  feebly  convex; 
head  densely  and  rather  coarsely  punctate,  not  rough,  clypeus  slightly  concave, 
front  sometimes  with  a  slight  transverse  carina ;  thorax  a  little  wider  than 
long,  slightly  narrower  behind,  sides  straight,  slightly  arcuate  at  the  apical 
angles  and  with  a  feeble  sinuation  in  front  of  the  hind  angles,  which  are  acute 
and  slightly  divergent ;  disc  moderately  convex,  densely  punctured  and  roughly 
granulate,  with  a  narrow  median  smooth  line  very  distinctly  impressed  pos- 
teriorly ;  elytra  gradually  narrowed  posteriorly,  the  apices,  acute,  disc  deeply 
striate  with  coarse  punctures,  the  intervals  convex,  densely  punctured,  but 
more  shining  than  above:  legs  piceous,  tibis  and  tarsi  brown.  Length  .36-. 42 
inch  ;  9-19.5  mm." 

*  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  XIII,  p.  7   (1886). 


June,  1920.]  Ch  ANr  HF.RLI  N  :    WoOD-BoRING    BEETLES.  155 

In  addition  to  Horn's  description  it  is  well  to  note  that  the  thorax 
is  decidedly  darker  than  the  elytra,  usually  hlack.  In  the  male,  which 
is  smaller  than  the  female,  the  antenn?e  is  more  pectinate,  wider,  a 
little  longer.  The  thorax  is  decidedly  more  narrowed  posteriorly. 
The  last  ventral  segment  is  elevated  at  the  center  into  two  blunt 
spines,  in  much  the  same  manner  as  certain  Scolytidae.  These  spines 
are  present  in  both  sexes  but  more  highly  developed  in  the  male. 
Dr.  Horn  gives  the  length  9-19.5  mm.,  the  latter  figure  is  probably  an 
error.  In  examining  over  100  specimens  the  smallest  was  8.3  mm. 
and  the  largest '12. 2  mm.  long.      (Plate  VIII,  fig.  3.) 

Larva.  Yellowish  white,  first  segment  behind  head  is  flattened  and 
broader  than  the  others,  second  slightly  broader  tlian  third,  from  the 
third  on  the  segments  are  the  same  size  with  the  exception  of  the  anal 
segment  which  is  decidedly  constricted.  In  segments  5  to  1 1  the 
anterior  third  is  constricted;  the  p'osterior  two-thirds  more  rounded 
and  larger ;  length  26  to  29  mm. ;  width  of  first  thoracic  segment  3.5 
mm.  Mouth  parts  dark  brown  or  black  and  well  developed.  The 
dorsal  and  ventral  plate  of  the  first  thoracic  segment  is  marked  by  a 
double  '■  TT,"  dark  reddish  brown  in  color,  the  cross  arms  of  the  T's 
do  not  touch;  the  lateral  half  of  each  cross  arm  is  thickened,  Plate 
VIII.  fig.  5. 

Pupa.  The  pupa.  Plate  VII T,  fig.  4.  is  yellowish,  slender,  12  mm. 
long,  3  mm.  wide;  has  the  cylindrical  appearance  of  the  adult;  the 
head  is  bent  forward  on  the  breast  and  the  appendages  are  folded  on 
the  ventral  surface  in  the  same  manner  as  buprestid  pupa?. 

Seasonal  History. 
Larvre,  pupae,  and  fully  formed  adults  were  found  in  April.  The 
first  adults  observed  emerged  April  16  and  the  last  pupa  were  found 
June  2.  \\'hat  appeared  to  be  full-grown  larv;c  have  been  taken  in 
February,  April.  June.  September  and  November.  This  would  indi- 
cate that  more  than  one  year  is  spent  in  the  larval  stage. 

Life  History. 
No  eggs  were  observed  and  although  larva,  pupa  and  adults  were 
taken  from  the  same  tree  for  three  years  and  hundreds  of  beetles 
emerged,   no   indications  of   reinfestation  of  nearby   ttees   were  ob- 


156  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [^'°1-  xxviil 

served.  The  hundreds  of  larvae  seen  were  practically  all  the  same 
size,  no  small  specimens  being  observed.  The  larvae  do  not  work  in 
the  cambium  but  go  directly  into  the  wood. 

The  mines,  Plate  VIII,  figs,  i  and  2,  are  flat,  approximately  4  by 
1.5  mm.  in  cross  section,  very  long,  winding,  often  crossing  each 
other.  Before  pupation  the  larva  excavates  almost  to  the  surface 
then  retreats  back  into  the  wood,  enlarges  the  mine  and  pupates. 
When  ready  to  pupate  the  larva  is  always  found  doubled  back  on 
itself  with  the  head  and  anal  end  pressed  tightly  together.  The  newly 
formed  adult  makes  its  way  to  the  surface  along  the  mine  made  by  the 
larva.  This  flat  mine  is  too  small  to  allow  the  passage  of  the  body 
of  the  adult,  so  it  is  forced  to  enlarge  it,  emerging  through  a  perfectly 
round  tunnel  from  3.5  to  4  mm.  in  diameter. 

Work. 

The  flat  mines  of  the  larva  literally  honey-comb  the  wood  of 
trees  attacked. 

A  Grand  fir  tree,  sixteen  inches  in  diameter,  was  found  attacked 
from  the  base  to  a  height  of  eight  feet  and  there  was  hardly  a  square 
inch  of  the  wood  which  was  not  penetrated  by  at  least  one  mine.  This 
tree  was  living  when  first  noted  (1914)  and  the  colony  of  beetles  had 
been  in  it  for  some  time  as  there  were  numbers  of  emergence  holes 
present.  In  1916  the  tree  broke  off  at  a  point  four  and  one-half  feet 
from  the  ground ;  there  were  still  many  beetles  present  in  various 
stages.  The  tree  was  still  living  but  so  weakened  by  the  larval  mines 
that  it  was  an  ea^y  prey  to  the  wind.  The  only  other  colony  of  these 
beetles  observed  was  in  a  white  fir  and  the  tree  had  been  broken  off 
by  the  wind  in  the  same  manner.  A  few  dead  beetles  and  the  char- 
acteristic mines  gave  evidence  of  the  cause. 

Distribution:  Washington,  Oregon  and  Nevada.  In  Oregon  a 
few  dead  specimens  were  collected  on  Paddy  Creek  near  Sparta,  in 
the  Blue  Mountains  of  Grant  County,  and  a  large  colony  lived  for 
years  in  a  Grand  fir  tree  within  a  mile  of  the  Oregon  Experiment 
Station  at  Corvallis. 

Hosts:  Taken  from  Grand  fir  (Abies  graiidis)  and  white  fir  (Abies 
concolor) . 


(JouRN.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.) 


Vol.  XXVIII. 


(Plate  VI I. j 


(CHRYSOBOTHRIS  SILVANIA   FALL.) 


(JouRN.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.) 


Vol.  XXVIII. 


(Plate  VIII.) 


(MELAbll)   RUFIPENNIS   HORN.) 


June,  ip^o.l         Petruxkevitch  :  Orchestina  saltitaxs.  157 


191  o 

I9I3 
I9I6 

1917 
I8S6 


BlBLIOGR.\PHY. 

Fall.  Journ.  New  York  Ent.  Soc,  XVIII,  p.  50. 
Woodworth,  Guide  to  California  Insects,  p.  196. 
Van  Dyke,  Ent.  News,  XXVII.  p.  410. 
Chamberlin,  Ent.  News,  XXVIII,  p.    139. 
Horn.  Trans.  Anicr.  Ent.  Soc,  XIII,  p.  7. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATES. 
Plate  YU. 
Fig.    I.     Adult  and   pupa   of  Clirysobothris  sylvania   Fall,   in   their  cells   in 
sapwood  of  Douglas  fir.     Natural  size. 

Fig.  2.     Full  grown  larvae  of  Clirysobothris  sylvania.  attacked  by  larvae  of 
an  ichneumonid.     Slightly  enlarged. 

Fig.   3.      Same  as  fig.  2,  greatly  enlarged. 

Plate  VIII. 
Fig.   I.     Cross  sections   of  the  larval   mines   of  Melasis   rufipennis,   about 
natural  size.     Note  the  adult  emergence  hole  near  center. 

Fig.  2.     Grand  fir  wood  showing  longitudinal  sections  of  the  mines. 
Fig.  3.     Adult  of  Melasis  rufipennis  Horn.     (Greatly  enlarged.) 
Fig.  4.     Pupae  of  M.  rufipennis  Horn.     (Greatly  enlarged.) 
Fig.  5.     Larva  of  M.  riifipouus  Horn.     (Greatly  enlarged.) 


DESCRIPTION  OF  ORCHESTINA  SALTITANS  BANKS. 
(ARACHNIDA.) 

By  Alexander  Petruxkevitch,  Ph.D. 

The  family  Oonopidae  is  very  poorly  represented  in  the  United 
States.  Banks  has  described  in  1893  one  species  of  Gamasomorpha 
from  Florida  (G.  floridana),  and  in  1894  a  species  of  Orchestina 
from  New  York  (O.  saltitans).  In  1909  Emerton  described  a  male 
from  Massachusetts,  which  he  identified  as  O.  saltitans.  In  1910  I 
identified  a  male  caught  in  Xew  Jersey  as  O.  saltabtinda  Simon, 
a  species  occurring  regularly  in  Venezuela.  Comte  de  Dalmas  has 
published  a  revision  of  the  genus  Orchestina  in  Annales  de  la  Societe 
Entomologique  de  France  in  19 16.  He  makes  the  suggestion  that  the 
spider  described  by  Emerton  is  not  an  Orclicstiiia,  but  a  Tapinesthis. 
closely   related   to    Tapinesthis   i)ier]nis   Simon,    a   spider    found    fre- 


158  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    ["^'o'-  xxviii. 

quently  in  France,  and  possibly  representing  a  new  species.  In  the 
same  paper  Gomte  de  Dalmas  puts  forward  the  opinion  that  the  spider  , 
which  I  identified  as  O.  saltabimda  is  in  reaUty  the  male  of  O.  salti- 
tans.  That  this  male  is  not  O.  salfabtinda  is  quite  evident  from  the 
structure  of  the  palpus  which  Dalmas  figures  on  page  227  (figures 
24  and  25).  Whether  it  is  the  male  of  O.  salfifaiis  of  which  Banks 
has  described  only  the  female,  remains  an  open  question.  Since  how- 
ever I  omitted  to  give  a  description  and  merely  gave  two  figures,  I 
thought  it  advisable  to  give  now  a  detailed  description  of  my  speci- 
men and  measurements  and  drawings  of  the  most  important  parts.  To 
accomplish  this  I  have  cut  off  the  legs  and  palpi,  preserved  them  as 
microscopical  slides,  made  the  drawings  with  the  aid  of  an  Abbe 
drawing  apparatus  and  the  measurements  with  an  ocular  micrometer. 
For  the  convenience  of  the  reader  I  reproduce  here  first  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  female  given  by  Banks,  with  the  correction  as  to  its  size, 
given  by  Dalmas  (in  Banks's  description  a  decimal  point  is  omitted 
by  mistake). 

Orchestina  saltitans  Banks,  female.  "Length  i.i  mm.  Cephalothorax 
whitish,  with  a  black  marginal  line  and  a  black  spot  around  eyes  ;  mandibles 
pale;  legs  and  palpi  yellowish;  sternum  whitish;  abdomen  purplish  above,  quite 
dark  near  tip,  center  pale,  spinnerets  white.  Cephalothorax  quite  broad,  yet 
plainly  longer  than  broad,  and  broadest  a  little  before  the  middle;  highest 
behind  the  middle  and  sloping  to  the  narrow  clypeus  ;  no  dorsal  groove  nor 
radial  furrows;  three  rows  of  curved  hairs  above;  eyes  large,  subequal,  all 
close  together.  Mandibles  quite  long,  vertical ;  lip  quadrangular,  broader  than 
long;  sternum  triangular,  longer  than  broad,  emarginate  in  front,  tapering 
behind  and  prolonged  between  the  posterior  coxa.  Legs  long  and  slender, 
fourth  pair  as  long  as  first,  third  pair  much  the  shortest,  quite  thickly  clothed 
with  hairs,  two  prominent  claws;  posterior  femora  greatly  thickened,  fully 
twice  as  broad  as  femur  I,  and  not  much  over  four  times  as  long  as  broad. 
Abdomen  nearly  globose,  but  a  little  longer  than  high,  quite  thickly  clothed  with 
stiff  hairs  ;  spinnerets  all  close  together ;  region  of  epigynum  slightly  swollen, 
a  transverse  furrow,  beneath  which  is  a  pale  area  crossed  by  a  yellow  line." 

One  female  from  Sea-Cliff,  Long  Island,  New  York;  taken  in  the 
house.  When  touched  by  a  pencil,  leaped  backwards  three  centi- 
meters. 

Orchestina  saltitans  Banks,  male.  (Plate  IX.)  O.  saltabimda  Petrunke- 
vitch,  1910,  nee  O.  salfabunda  Simon,  1892,  nee  O.  saltitans  Emerson,  1909. 
Length   1.05   mm.     Cephalothorax  0.53  mm.  long,   0.44  broad  between   second 


June,  i93n.]         Petruxkevitch  :  Orchestina  saltitaxs. 


159 


and  third  pair  of  legs,  very  high  (figs,  i,  2,  8  and  9).  Chelicera  slender.  Max- 
illary plates  almost  parallel,  with  short  scopula  at  apical  quarter.  Lip  wider 
than  long,  its  shape  difficult  to  see.  Sternum  slightly  longer  than  wide,  emar- 
ginate  in  front,  cordiform,  narrowly  produced  between  the  hind  coxae  (fig.  3) 
and  very  convex  (fig.  8).  In  this  connection  I  should  like  to  point  out  that 
figure  I  is  a  reproduction  of  the  original  figure  which  I  published  in  1910  and 
represents  the  spider  in  a  position  in  which  its  back  is  considerably  inclined 
toward  the  observer.  After  the  legs  of  both  sides  have  been  removed  by  a  cut 
between  the  coxae  and  trochanteres,  fig.  8  was  drawn  with  the  aid  of  the  draw- 
ing apparatus  and  represents  the  exact  profile  of  the  cephalothorax.  From  an 
examination  of  this  figure  it  will  appear  that  the  carapace  is  highest  between 
the  second  and  third  coxae  and  that  in  front  of  the  first  coxae  the  carapace  is 
considerably  extended  downward  thus  forming  a  rather  high  clypeus.  It  will 
also  be  seen  that  the  convexity  of  the  sternum  is  greatest  in  the  region  of  the 
second  coxae.  The  carapace  slopes  therefore  more  gently  forward  and  the 
sternum  backward.  The  eyegroup  surrounded  by  black  pigment  (figs.  2,  8.  and 
9)  is  composed  of  six  eyes,  all  nocturnal  and  grayish  in  color.  The  middle 
eyes  which  are  probably  the  posterior  median  eyes  are  larger  than  the  side 
eyes.  From  above  they  appear  as  ovals,  but  viewed  from  in  front  they  have 
the  shape  of  a  somewhat  irregular  circle.  The  clypeus  is  about  two  and  a 
half  times  as  high  as  the  diameter  of  the  middle  eyes.  Abdomen  ovoid, 
higher  than  long  (fig.  i).  Anterior  spinnerets  slightly  heavier  than  posterior 
ones.  Legs  slender  II-I-I\'-III,  first  coxae  wide  apart  (fig.  3).  Hind  femora 
considerably  dilated,  being  only  3.2  times  as  long  as  their  width  in  middle 
(fig.  6).     Measurements  of  legs  in  millimeters: 


Leg.            1         Femur. 

Pat.  -1-  Tibia. 

Metatarsus. 

Tarsus. 

Total. 

I                        0.48 
II             1           0.49 

III  1           0.37 

IV  1         0.50 

0.62 
0.63 
0.40 
0.57 

0.43 
0.46 
0.32 
0.39 

0.23 
0.23 
0.17 
0.13 

1.76 
1. 81 
1.26 
1.59 

Feet  with  onychium.  Claws  two,  with  powerful  curved  teeth  at  base  (fig. 
7),  fine  teeth  in  middle  third  and  smooth  at  apical  third.  Palpi  heavy,  with 
very  large  bulb  (fig.  5).  Tibia  much  distended.  Tarso-mctatarsus  spoon- 
shaped,  half  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  bulb.  Both  figs.  4  and  5  were  drawn 
after  the  palpi  were  removed,  cleared  in  oil  and  preserved  as  permanent  micro- 
scopic preparations.  The  figures  Sre  easily  understood,  as  they  supplement 
each  other,  the  one  giving  a  sideview  of  the  entire  palpus  less  its  co.xa.  the 
other  a  front  view  of  the  bulb  and  tarso-metatarsus.  The  embolus  is  long  and 
thin  and  is  cuned  outward.  Inside  the  bulb  the  small  sperm  receptacle  may 
be  seen  close  to  its  base,  and  the  long  sperm  duct  forming  a  loop  in  its  middle. 
The  hair  covering  the  body  and  appendages  is  of  two  types:  simple  hair  of 
various  length  attaining  greatest  dimensions  on  the  abdomen,  and  minutely 
plumose  hair  found  only  on  the  legs  and  palpi. 


160  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    t"^'oi-  xx\'iii. 

Coloration.  The  general  appearance  of  the  spider  when  viewed  with  naked 
eye  is  such  as  if  he  had  a  black  abdomen  and  a  yellow  cephalothorax  and  legs. 
On  closer  examination  under  microscope  one  notices  that  the  coloration  of  the 
abdomen  is  complex.  Curved  interrupted  black  lines  the  only  ones  shown  on 
fig.  I  so  as  not  to  obscure  the  drawing,  are  on  a  general  field  of  purplish  spots 
and  dots  with  small  yellow  spaces  separating  them.  The  spinnerets  are  light 
yellow.  The  legs  are  yellow  including  coxae.  Sternum  is  dark  owing  to  irreg- 
ular pigmentation.  Lip  and  maxillary  plates  are  lighter  than  the  sternum,  yet 
show  pigmentation.  Palpi,  especially  their  tibia  mottled  with  black.  Bulb 
yellow.  Chelicera  yellow  with  some  black  pigmentation  in  front.  Cephalo- 
thorax yellow  with  a  narrow  black  margin,  very  regular  black  lines  and  spots 
as  shown  in  figs.  2  and  9,  black  area  around  the  eyes,  and  small  black  dots 
and  short  lines  all  over  the  surface. 

The  only  specimen  in  existence  was  caught  by  Mrs.  Petrunkevitch 
on  June  26,  1907,  in  our  home  at  Short  Hills,  New  Jersey,  where  we 
lived  at  the  time.  When  I  came  to  study  it  in  1910,  Emerton's  paper 
was  already  published.  Since  his  specimen  which  he  identified  as  the 
male  of  Orchestina  saltitans  had  evidently  no  resemblance  to  my 
specimen,  I  reluctantly  placed  my  specimen  as  O.  saltahunda.  Is  it 
after  all  the  male  of  O.  saltitans?  The  description  given  by  Banks  of 
the  single  female  which  he  collected  is  not  sufficient  to  clear  the  mat- 
ter. There  is  a  certain  similarity  both  in  structure  and  coloration  be- 
tween his  female  and  my  male,  but  also  not  inconsiderable  differences, 
as  may  be  seen  from  a  comparison  of  the  two  descriptions.  It  were 
perhaps  safer  to  give  my  male  a  new  name,  but  I  am  not  anxious  to 
increase  the  number  of  names.  It  is  strange  however  that  all  our 
knowledge  of  Oonopid  spiders  in  the  United  States  is  based  on  four 
specimens  only.  So  far  as  I  know,  no  other  specimens  have  been  col- 
lected. In  the  case  of  Gaii:aso)iwrpIia  it  is  very  likely  that  the  species 
really  occurs  in  Florida.  But  is  it  sure  that  the  other  specimens  be- 
long to  the  fauna  of  the  United  States  and  have  not  been  accidentally 
imported  with  fruit  or  some  other  goods  from  the  West  Indies  or 
Central  or  South  America  ? 


(JOURN.    X.   V.    Ent.   SoC.)  Vol    XXMII. 


(Plate  IX.) 


(ORCHESTINA   SALTI  FANS    I'.ANKS.) 


June,  1920.1  Blatchlev:  Xf.w  Rhynchophora.  KU 


SOME    NEW    RHYNCHOPHORA    FROM    EASTERN 

NORTH  AMERICA  WITH  ADDITIONS  TO  AND 

CORRECTIONS  OF  THE  "  RHYNCHOPHORA 

OF    NORTHEASTERN    AMERICA." 

By  W.  S.  P)Latc]iley, 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Since  the  "  Rhynchophora  of  Northeastern  America,"  prepared  by 
Chas.  W.  Leng  and  myself,  was  issued  in  September,  191 6,  a  number 
of  undescribed  forms  have  been  collected  by  me  or  sent  in  by  others. 
More  extended  collecting  in  southern  Florida,  especially  in  the  Cape 
Sable  and  Lake  Okeechobee  regions,  have  furnished  additional  notes 
on  the  distribution  and  habits  of  a  number  of  species  included  in  the 
work.  I  have  therefore  prepared  this  paper,  which  includes  descrip- 
tions of  new  forms  from  the  region  covered  by  us,  mention  of  those 
described  since  1916  by  other  authors,  notes  on  habits  and  extension 
of  range,  and  corrections  of  a  number  of  errors  which  were  bound  to 
occur  in  the  text  of  such  a  work  as  our  "  Rhynchophora." 

The  errors  mentioned  were,  for  the  most  part,  made  known  to  me 
i)y  Col.  Wirt  Robinson  of  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  who.  while  making  ex- 
tended use  of  the  work  in  naming  and  i)lacing  liis  species,  made  a 
manuscript  list  of  such  errors  or  suggestions  for  improvement  as 
were  found  or  occurred  to  him.     This  list  he  kindly  forwarded  to  me. 

In  the  pages  which  follow  the  number  before  each  species  is  that 
of  the  species  in  the  Rhynchophora.  Where  a  page  is  cited  in  paren- 
thesis it  is  also  that  of  the  Rhynchophora. 

I  have  found  in  recent  years  that  many  species  of  Rhynchophora 
occurring  in  Florida  hibernate  in  the  adult  stage  in  dead  branches, 
bunches  of  dead  twigs,  leaves  or  Spanish  moss,  dead  air  plants,  etc., 
in  or  about  the  edges  of  hammocks.  By  beating  these  various  objects 
above  an  open  umbrella  numerous  species  supposed  to  be  rare  have 
been  found  to  be  frequent  or  even  common  in  numbers.  Examples  of 
such  species  are  Honnops  abduccns  Lee,  Erodiscus  tinaiuus  Lee.  and 
Lcmhodcs  soUtarius  Boh.  At  Cape  Sable  in  late  February  more  than 
40  species  of  Rhyncho])hora  were  thus  found  hibernating. 


162  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    t^'o'-  xxviii. 

As  that  portion  of  the  "  Rhynchophora "  devoted  to  the  family 
Scolytidre  was  prepared  by  Mr.  Leng,  I  have  not  covered  it  in  this 
paper.  A  number  of  additional  Scolytids  have  been  taken  by  me  in 
Florida,  but  as  yet  I  have  not  found  time  for  their  determination. 

6.  Ormiscus  saltator  Lee. — This  small  Anthribid  evidently  occurs 
throughout  Florida  and  on  the  keys.  It  was  beaten  from  dead 
branches  at  Cape  Sable  and  Key  West. 

II.  Toxotropis  floridanus  Leng. — This  prettily  marked  species  was 
described  (p.  28)  from  two  specimens  taken  at  Enterprise,  Fla.  I 
have  since  taken  a  dozen  or  more  by  sweeping  ferns  in  a  dense  wet 
hammock  at  Dunedin. 

24.  Toxonotus  fascicularis  Schon. — I  found  this  a  common  species 
at  Cape  Sable  on  the  dead  branches  of  the  saffron  plum,  Bumelia 
angustifolia  Nutt.  About  Dunedin  it  hibernates  in  bunches  of  Span- 
ish moss. 

41.  Euxenus  piceus  Lee. — A  single  specimen  of  this  curious  little 
Anthribid  was  found  crawling  on  the  beach  at  Cape  Sable.  The  color 
ranges  from  dark  reddish-brown  to  deep  shining  black. 

42.  Rhinomacer  pilosus  Lee. — It  was  stated  (p.  49)  that  the  mem- 
bers of  the  subfamily  Rhinomacerinse  '"  occur  on  pine  and  other 
coniferous  trees."  About  Dunedin  I  find  this  species  frequent  during 
the  winter  months  in  the  seed  pods  of  a  low  shrubby  ericad,  XoUsma 
fruticosa  Michx. 

59.  Rhynchites  elusus  Blatch. — This  species  was  taken  at  Lakeland 
Feb.  II  by  beating  Spanish  moss.  About  Dunedin  a  half  dozen  or  so 
are  taken  each  season  in  March  by  sweeping  the  flowers  of  the  low 
myrtle  huckleberry,  Vaccinium  myrsinitcs  Lam.  It  also  occurs  at 
light  in  April. 

83.  Apion  tenuiforme  Fall. — This  species  was  originally  described 
from  specimens  in  the  Schwarz  collection  from  Florida,  without  more 
definite  locality.    A  single  specimen  from  Dunedin,  Nov.  8,  is  at  hand. 

92.  Apion  walshii  Smith. — A  single  specimen  is  at  hand  taken  in 
Porter  Co.,  Indiana,  May  9.     This  is  the  first  record  from  that  State. 

96.  Apion  importunum  Fall. — Specimens,  so  named  for  me  by  Mr. 
Fall,  were  taken  by  sweeping  in  Skinner's  Hammock  near  Dunedin. 
It  was  described  from  "  Georgia  and  Florida,"  without  more  definite 
locality,  though  Fall  stated  that  it  is  probable  that  his  types  came  from 
"extreme  southeastern  Florida  and  adiacent  resrion." 


June,  1920.]  Blatchlf.y  :  Xew  Rhyxchophora.  Ifi.S 

I2J.  Tachygonus  lecontei  Gyll. — In  addition  to  tlie  localities  men- 
tioned (p.  94)  this  curious  little  weevil  has  l)een  taken  at  Dunedin 
and  Lakeland,  Fla.,  Jan.  9,  Feb.  21,  so  that  it  passes  the  winter  in  that 
region  in  the  adult  stage. 

127.  Epicaerus  formidolosus  Boh. — Several  specimens  have  been 
taken  at  Dunedin  between  December  9  and  March  15  by  sweeping  low 
shrul)S  in  dry,  sandy  open  woods. 

140.  Paragraphus  setosus  Blatcli. — Both  genus  and  species  of  this 
handsome  Otiorhynchid  were  founded  on  a  unique.  Eight  specimens 
have  since  been  taken,  all  within  one  hundred  yards  of  the  type  local- 
ity on  Hog  Island,  not  more  than  three  on  any  one  day.  It  occurs  in 
company  with  four  other  weevils,  AyrapJins  bcllicus  Say,  Taiiymecits 
lacccna  Herbst..  Ban's  splcudcus  Casey  and  Chalcodcnniis  inccqiialis 
Horn,  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  of  a  yellow  flowered  thistle  Carduus 
spinossissimus  Walt.  By  cutting  the  thistles  oil  at  the  ground,  then 
holding  them  over  a  rublier  blanket  and  whacking  the  leaves  from  the 
stem  with  a  hatchet  or  trowel,  the  weevils  will  be  found  "  playing 
possum  ■'  in  the  debris  left  on  the  blanket.  One  hundred  thistles  will 
usually  yield  about  50  Barids,  30  of  the  A.  bcllicus,  ten  of  the  Taiiy- 
vicciis,  two  or  three  of  the  Chahodcrmns  and  perhaps  one  of  the 
Paragraphus.  A  hurricane  and  tidal  wave  swept  the  island  in  Sep- 
tember, 1918,  and  neither  thistle  nor  weevil  could  be  found  there  the 
ensuing  winter. 

151.  Pachnaeus  opalus  Oliv. — Frequent  at  Long  Key  and  Key 
West,  Feb.  2y  to  ^larch  3,  on  the  foliage  of  a  large  purple  morning- 
glory  and  that  of  various  shrubs.  Occurs  in  company  with  Arfipus 
floridanus  Horn,  the  latter  being  the  most  common  Rhynchophorid 
found  at  Key  West  in  early  March. 

207.  Listronotus  floridensis  Blatch. — This  species  was  found  in 
numbers  near  Moore  Haven,  Fla.,  March  2.  It  occurred  on  the  flow- 
ers of  an  arrow-head,  Sagittaria,  which  was  growing  in  the  low 
swales  left  by  the  receding  of  Lake  Okeechobee  at  that  point.  Fresh 
specimens  were  more  densely  and  conspicuously  scaly  than  any  of  the 
allied  species. 

217.  Hyperodes  crytops  Dietz. — This  species  also  occurs  in  some 
numbers  on  the  flowers  of  Sagittaria  and  allied  plants  about  Dunedin 
and  Moore  Haven. 


164  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii 

Hyperodes  poseyensis  new  species. 

Oblong-oval,  rather  robust.  Dark  reddish-brown  densely  clothed  with 
large  gray  scales,  those  of  beak,  occiput  and  femora  with  a  metallic  sheen  ; 
sides  of  thorax  with  a  rather  broad  stripe  of  larger  gray  scales,  these  also 
covering  the  humeri  and  gradually  evanescent  on  sides  of  elytra ;  disk  of  elytra 
with  scattered  vague  fuscous  blotches  formed  by  larger  scales.  Beak  slender, 
subcylindrical,  distinctly  longer  than  thorax,  but  feebly  tapering,  its  sculpture 
concealed  by  the  large  metallic  gray  scales  ;  antennal  grooves  deep,  narrow, 
sharply  defined.  -  Antennae  slender,  scape  not  reaching  eye.  joints  one  and  two 
of  funicle  slender,  subequal,  club  small,  oval.  Thorax  about  as  wide  as  long, 
sides  broadly  rounded,  front  margin  wider  than  base,  sculpture  concealed  by 
the  scales,  from  between  which  arise  numerous  slender,  pointed  inclined  black 
bristles.  Elytra  at  base  strongly  emarginate,  three-fifths  wider  than  thorax, 
humeri  prominent ;  sides  straight  and  parallel  to  middle,  thence  strongly  con- 
verging to  the  narrowly  rounded  apex;  disk  with  sculpture  concealed;  inter- 
vals wide,  feebly  convex,  each  with  a  single  row  of  slender  inclined  brownish 
bristles.  First  and  second  ventral  segments  coarsely  and  densely  punctate,  3-5 
finely  and  more  sparsely  punctate,  the  fifth  without  sexual  impressions. 
Length  3.8  mm. 

Posey  County,  Ind.,  April  27.  Two  specimens  taken  from  beneath 
logs.  Belongs  under  dd  of  Group  II  (p.  168)  of  the  Rhynchophora, 
but  size  larger,  beak  longer,  thorax  relatively  narrower  and  scales 
much  more  metallic  in  hue  than  in  iiioiifaiius.  The  bristly  hairs  of 
both  thorax  and  elytra  are  slender,  not  at  all  clavate.  By  Dietz's  key 
it  runs  to  his  Hyperodes  group,  which  contains  only  Pacific  slope 
species. 

Hyperodes  lodingi  new  species. 

Elongate-oblong,  slender,  subdepressed.  Reddish-brown ;  occiput,  tip  of 
beak,  middle  and  sides  of  thorax  and  middle  of  femora  darker ;  elytra  with  a 
submarginal  stripe  and  a  more  or  less  broken  subsutural  one  blackish.  Beak 
stout,  slightly  shorter  than  thorax,  subdepressed,  feebly  bicarinate,  densely 
reticulate-punctate;  upper  margin  of  antenna!  grooves  directed  toward  middle 
of  eyes.  Antennae  with  first  and  second  funicular  joints  slender,  subequal, 
scape  reaching  front  margin  of  eyes ;  club  large,  stout,  elongate-oval.  Thorax 
subcylindrical,  about  as  broad  as  long,  densely  and  coarsely  cribrately  punc- 
tate;  surface  with  a  row  of  small,  oval,  silvery  yellowish  scales  arranged 
transversely  each  side  of  disk  and  each  puncture  of  middle  and  sides  with  a 
curved  hair-like  fcale ;  ocular  lobes  covering  one-half  the  eyes  in  repose. 
Elytra  at  base  one-half  wider  than  thorax,  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide; 
sides  subparallel  to  beyond  middle,  thence  converging  gradually  to  a  conjointly 
rounded  apex ;  surface  without  setae  or  pubescence,  evenly  not  densely  clothed 


June,  I920.]  Blatchley:  Xew  Rhynchopiiora.  165 

with  very  small  oval  silvery  gray  scales ;  disk  with  rows  of  close-set  rather 
coarse  punctures,  these  much  wider  than  the  narrow  feebly  convex  inter^'als. 
Abdomen  rather  coarsely  and  closely  punctate,  each  puncture  enclosing  a  very 
small  gray  scale.     Length,  3.5-3.8  mm. 

Named  in  honor  of  H.  P.  Lotling  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  who  kindly  gave 
me  four  specimens  taken  near  Mobile,  August  i.  He  states  (Ms.) 
that:  "They  were  found  after  a  cloud-l)urst  on  grasses  and  other 
plants  on  the  site  of  an  old  dried-up  pond,  where  they,  with  many 
other  things,  were  trying  to  save  themselves  from  the  flood."  This 
species  belongs  under  aa  of  Group  III  (p.  171)  of  the  Rhyncliophora. 
It  differs  from  the  other  three  species  there  included  in  being  wholly 
without  setas.  The  scales  are  much  smaller  than  in  any  of  the  others 
and  are  so  arranged  that  the  surface  hue  is  plainly  visible.  Two  of 
them,  smaller  than  the  others,  are  probably  males,  though  no  sexual 
distinctions  are  evident. 

256.  Hormops  abducens  Lee. — A  colony  of  60  or  more  specimens 
of  this  rare  beetle  was  found  in  Skinner's  Hammock  near  Dunedin  in 
February,  1918.  It  was  in  a  large  bunch  of  dead  twigs  and  leaves  in 
a  tangle  of  vines  about  ten  feet  above  the  ground.^  A  single  specimen 
was  foimd  aliout  one-half  mile  distant  in  the  same  haniniock  in  191 9. 
Leng,  in  the  same  number  of  the  Journal  cited,  p.  209.  records  it  also 
from  Waco,  Texas. 

Smicronyx  halophilus  new  species. 

Elongate-oval,  convex.  Dull  rtd ;  head,  antennre,  suture  of  elytra  and 
tarsi  darker.  Sides  of  thorax  densely  clothed  with  large,  oval,  grayish-white 
scales  :  elytra  with  basal  fifth,  humeri,  and  a  large  oblique  patch  on  median 
third  thickly  clothed,  and  the  three  outer  intervals  and  apex  more  thinly  clothed, 
with  similar  scales;  entire  under  surface  thickly  clothed  with  circular,  ocellate, 
white  scales.  Beak  rather  stout,  of  nearly  equal  size  throughout,  feebly  cur\'ed, 
scarcely  as  long  as  thorax,  male,  as  head  and  thorax,  female,  thickly  reticulate- 
punctate.  Second  and  third  joints  of  funicle  subequal,  together  scarcely  as 
long  as  first.  Thorax  slightly  longer  than  wide,  narrowed  in  front  and  con- 
stricted near  apex,  sides  broadly  rounded,  disk  densely  and  finely  punctate. 
Elytra  oval,  conjointly  nearly  two-thirds  wider  than  base  of  thorax,  humeri 
prominent ;  sides  parallel  to  beyond  middle,  thence  gradually  curved  and  con- 
vergent to  the  narrowly  rounded  apex:  striae  narrow,  minutely  punctate;  in- 
tervals flat,  three  times  as  wide  as  stride,  minutely  rugose,  without  visible  punc- 
tures or  setae.  Under  surface  very  finely  and  thickly  punctate,  the  sculpture 
hidden  by  scales.     Length,  2.3-2.7  mm. 

1  Sec  Journ.  \.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  XX\'L  191S,  pp.  155-161. 


166  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    H'oi-  xxviii. 

Described  from  ii  specimens  swept  from  low  herbage  along  the 
margins  of  tidal  lagoons  at  Key  West,  March  i  to  3.  The  color  varies 
somewhat,  some  specimens  having  the  disk  of  thorax,  beak  and  basal 
half  of  elytra  blackish  like  the  head.  The  scales  are  easily  abraded, 
in  one  or  two  specimens  being  almost  absent.  Belongs  under  a  of 
Group  III  (p.  216).  Differs  from  5".  congcstus,  its  nearest  ally,  in  its 
shorter,  relatively  stouter  beak,  its  longer,  narrower  thorax,  and 
especially  in  the  shape  and  arrangement  of  its  scaly  vestiture. 

304.  Smicronyx  apionides  Casey. — A  single  specimen  of  this  very 
distinct  and  prettily  marked  species  was  swept  from  herbage  in  a  low 
moist  woodland  in  Knox  County,  Ind.,  Oct.  5,  191 7.  The  first  record 
for  the  State. 

Bagous  pictus  new  species. 

Elongate-oblong.  Reddish-brown,  densely  clothed  with  grayish-brown  and 
snow-white  scales,  the  latter  forming  a  narrow  median  and  a  broad  stripe  each 
fSide  of  thorax,  the  lateral  stripes  forking  in  front  of  middle;  the  white  scales  on 
elytra  covering  the  humeri  and  fifth,  sixth  and  seventh  intervals  to  beyond  the 
middle  ;  basal  portion  of  third  interval  and  a  common  spot  on  second  and  third 
at  apical  third  also  white.  Beak  stout,  as  long  as  thorax,  strongly  deflected, 
densely  scaly.  Head  without  frontal  fovea.  Thorax  nearly  as  broad  as  long, 
constricted  near  apex,  densely  granulate.  Elytra  oval,  one-third  wider  than 
thorax,  humeri  oblique  ;  intervals  feebly  convex,  without  tubercles  on  or  near 
the  declivity.     Length,  2.8  mm. 

Two  specimens  taken  at  Cape  Sable,  Feb.  24,  by  sweeping  low 
herbage  along  the  edge  of  the  beach.  Allied  to  obliquus  Lee,  but 
stouter,  without  declivity  tubercle  and  with  a  different  and  very  strik- 
ing arrangement  of  the  white  scales  on  elytra. 

360.  Paragoges  minimus  Blatch. — A  half  dozen  specimens  of  this 
minute  Tychiid,  which  was  described  from  a  unique  from  Ft.  Myers, 
were  taken  at  Key  West,  March  3.  They  were  swept  from  low  herb- 
age near  the  old  fort. 

361.  Erodiscus  tinamus  Lee. — This  was  a  common  species  at  Cape 
Sable  where  it  occurred  on  dead  branches  in  the  hammocks,  especially 
on  those  of  the  saffron  plum,  or  seaside  oak,  Bnmclia  angustifolia 
Nutt. 

367.  Otidocephalus  dichrous  Lee. — This  peculiarly  colored  species 
has  been  taken  on  several  occasions  in  June  at  porch  light  near  Dun- 
edin ;  also  by  beating  the  foliage  of  bay  in  a  dense  hammock. 


June,  1920.1  Blatciiley:   Xew  R'iiyxchophora.  1(i7 

Balaninus  parvidens  Chitt.=— A  male  of  what  Dr.  F.  H.  Chittenden 
pronounces  tliis  species  was  taken  at  light  at  Dunedin.  Fla.,  Sept.  20, 
and  sent  to  me.  This  form  was  mentioned  (p.  272)  but  not  described. 
The  surface  is  very  evenly  clothed  with  a  mixture  of  grayish  and  pale 
brown  scales.  These  are  so  arranged  that  no  color  pattern  is  evident. 
The  beak  is  , slightly  shorter  than  elytra.  Length  of  body  6.2  mm. 
\\"hether  it  is  a  variety  or  synonym  of  B.  Innncnilis  Casey  can  only  be 
told  by  direct  comparison  with  the  type  and  a  better  knowledge  of  the 
food  hal)its  of  both. 

A  female  of  another  species,  taken  at  Dunedin,  October  31.  Dr. 
Chittenden  states  is  probably  his  B.  vicforiciisis.  described''  from  Vic- 
toria and  other  points  in  Texas. 

Dr.  Chittenden  protests  (Ms.)  against  the  placing  (p.  267)  of  his 
B.  orthorhynchiis*  as  a  synonym  of  B.  rectus  Say,  and  has  sent  me  a 
female  of  the  former  bred  from  Qucrcus  rubra  for  comparison.  While 
the  color  and  general  facies  of  his  specimes  is  the  same  as  in  rectus, 
the  beak  is  one-fourth  shorter  and  distinctly  less  curved  in  its  apical 
fifth.  The  femoral  tooth  is  much  smaller,  more  acutely  produced, 
with  entering  angle  rounded,  not  obtuse  and  oblique  as  in  rectus. 
These  characters  indicate  specific  differences  where  only  a  small 
series  is  present  for  examination.  Whether  they  will  hold  throughout 
a  large  series  can  only  be  told  l)y  future  study  of  the  two  forms. 

414.  Anthonomus  scutellaris  Lee. — The  southern  range  of  this  spe- 
cies was  given  (p.  288)  as  "  Georgia  to  Texas."  It  has  since  been 
beaten  on  several  occasions  in  March  from  the  flowers  of  a  clump  of 
cultivated  plum  trees  near  Dunedin,  Fla. 

413.  Anthonomus  elegans  Lee. — This  handsome  sulnnaritime  spe- 
cies was  recorded  (p.  289)  only  from  the  east  coast  of  Florida.  A 
half  dozen  were  taken  at  Cape  Sable  from  the  buttonwood.  Conocar- 
pus  erccta  L.  Two  have  also  been  taken  on  the  same  shrub  on  Hog 
Island,  opposite  Dunedin. 

421.  Anthonomus  costulatus  Suffr. — This  is  a  common  species 
along  the  coasts  and  keys  of  southern  Florida  on  the  buttonwood  and 
the  mangrove,  RJiizoplwra  mangle  L. 

-  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  X,  1908,  24. 
•■'  Bull.  44.  U.  S.  Div.  Ent.,  1904,  31. 
*  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  X,  1908,  26. 


168  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    ^^'°^-  ^xviii. 

424.  Anthonomus  grandis  Boh. — This  destructive  species  has  not 
yet  done  much  damage  in  Florida.  A  specimen  from  Lake  City  is  at 
hand.    It  was  not  known  from  that  State  in  191 6. 

441.  Anthonomus  uniformis  Blatch. — A  number  of  examples  of 
this  species  have  been  taken  at  Dunedin  and  Lakeland,  Fla.,  in  Febru- 
ary and  March.  It  occurs  only  in  the  vicinity  of  ponds  and  lakes  on 
huckleberry  and  other  low  shrubs. 

446.  Anthonomus  unicus  Blatch. — Since  1916  this  species  has  been 
collected  at  Lakeland  and  Okeechobee  City,  Fla.  It  hibernates  in 
bunches  of  Spanish  moss  and  in  spring  occurs  on  foliage  about  the 
borders  of  hammocks. 

449.  Anthonomus  varipes  Duval. — This  well  marked  weevil  has 
been  taken  in  small  numbers  at  both  Cape  Sable  and  Key  West.  It 
was  beaten  from  foliage  of  saffron  plum  and  was  also  found'  beneath 
logs  on  the  beach. 

Baris  australis  new  species. 

Elongate-oblong ;  moderately  slender.  Black,  strongly  shining  with  a 
purplish  or  bronze  metallic  lustre.  Beak  two-thirds  the  length  of  thorax,  stout, 
feebly  curved,  very  finely  and  sparsely  punctate.  Head  alutaceous,  minutely 
and  very  sparsely  punctate.  Thorax  one-fourth  wider  than  long,  sides  straight 
for  three-fourths  their  length,  then  rounded  to  apex ;  disk  strongly  convex, 
coarsely  punctate,  the  punctures  separated  by  their  own  diameters,  those  near 
apex  gradually  smaller.  Elytra  elongate-oval,  as  wide  at  base  as  thorax, 
sides  straight  and  parallel  to  apical  fifth,  thence  rounded  into  apex  ;  striae  fine, 
deep,  impunctate ;  intervals  wide,  flat,  each  with  a  single  row  of  widely  spaced, 
rather  fine  punctures,  those  of  the  third  interval  slightly  confused.  Sterna 
coarsely  and  closely,  abdomen  finely  and  sparsely,  punctate ;  third  and  fourth 
abdominal  segments  each  with  only  a  single  post-median  cross-row  of  small 
punctures.     Length,  2.8-3  mm. 

Dunedin  and  Lakeland,  Fla. ;  Billy's  Island,  Ga. ;  Feb.  i  to  June. 
Swept  from  huckleberry  and  other  low  shrubs  along  the  margins  of 
ponds.  Allied  to  B.  hypcrion  Casey,  but  smaller,  relatively  broader, 
the  punctures  of  thorax  coarser,  much  less  numerous.  Specimens 
were  submitted  to  Col.  Casey  who  stated  that  they  were  unknown 
to  him. 

Pseudobaris  connectans  new  species. 

Elongate-oval,  robust.  Black,  shining;  femora  piceous  ;  antennae,  tibias  and 
tarsi  reddish-brown.     Beak  nearly  as  long  as  head  and  thorax  together,  stout, 


June,  1920.]  BlATCHLKY  :    Xf.W    Rh YXCHOPIIORA.  169 

Strongly  curved,  both  it  and  head  finely  and  sparsely  punctate.  Thorax  about 
as  wide  as  long,  sides  parallel  from  base  to  middle,  then  gradually  converging 
to  the  feebly  constricted  apex ;  disk  with  a  narrow,  smooth  median  line, 
coarsely,  evenly  and  closely  punctate,  the  punctures  ocellate,  separated  by  about 
two-thirds  their  own  diameters.  Elytra  conjointly  oval,  as  wide  at  base  as 
thorax ;  stria;  fine,  deep ;  intervals  longitudinally  concave,  each  with  a  single 
row  of  rather  large,  well  separated  punctures.  Pygidium,  under  surface  and 
femora  coarsely  and  densely  punctate.  Tarsal  claws  connate  for  three-fourths 
their  length.  Prosternal  groove  distinct  but  wide  and  rather  shallow  ;  front 
and  middle  coxas  widely  separated.     Length,  3.3  mm. 

Described  from  one  specimen  taken  at  Plummer's  Island,  Md., 
Sept.  10.  During  tlie  preparation  of  the  Barini  portion  of  tlie  Rhyn- 
chophora  the  generic  placement  of  this  specimen  was  the  subject  of 
quite  a  correspondence  between  Col.  Casey  and  myself.  Hoping  that 
additional  specimens  might  turn  up  it  was  not  included  in  that  work. 
It  seems  to  form  a  sort  of  connecting  link  between  Baris  and  Psciido- 
baris.  In  general  facies  it  resembles  the  former  group,  but  the  widely 
separated  front  coxae,  long  beak  and  pubescent  basal  joint  of  antennal 
club  preclude  its  being  placed  in  Baris.  On  the  other  hand  the  pro- 
sternal  groove  is  not  abrupt  and  narrow  as  in  typical  Pscudobaris.  It 
perhaps  should  serve  as  the  type  of  a  new  genus. 

598  (11,177).  Nicentrus  grossulus  Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci., 
VII,  1893,  599. — This  name  and  citation  should  replace  that  of  Ni- 
centrus canus  Lee.  (p.  392),  Casey  having  wrongly  identified^  speci- 
mens from  Enterprise  and  Haw  Creek,  Fla.,  as  Leconte's  Ccntrinus 
caniis.  His  correction  and  renaming  of  the  species  was  overlooked 
by  us.  A  specimen  of  N.  grossulus  was  swept  from  sea  blite.  Batis 
viarititna  L.,  on  Hog  Island  opposite  Dunedin  on  March  26.  It  is 
more  oblong  and  slender  than  Limiiobaris  caiia  Lee,  is  4.5  mm.  in 
length  and  densely  clothed  above  with  elongate-oval  brownish-yellow 
scales;  those  on  thorax  arranged  transversely.  Known  only  from 
Enterprise,  Haw  Creek  and  Dunedin,  Fla. 

Eisonyx  Lee.  1880,  216. 
This  genus  is  related  to  Microholus  Lee.  and  Oomorphidius  Casey, 
but   differs   from  both   in   having  the  body   rhomboidal ;   beak   thick, 
shorter  than  thorax,  feebly  curved;  middle  and  hind  tibiae  very  stout, 
5  .^nn.  X.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  VI,   1892,  614. 


170  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 

coarsely  pubescent ;  tarsal  claws   single.     Three   species  are  known, 
two  from  Texas  and  Missouri,  the  other 

Eisonyx  {Einnononycha)  picipes  Pierce,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  LI,  1916,  472. 
Rhomboidal,  convex,  widest  between  basal  third  and  fourth  of  elytra. 
Black,  feebly  shining,  sparsely  clothed  with  very  small  patches  of  linear  scales 
on  base  of  beak,  sides  of  thorax  and  bases  of  third  and  seventh  elytral  inter- 
vals. Beak  densely,  deeply  and  finely  punctate,  separated  "from  head  by  a  trans- 
verse, sharply  defined  groove.  Thorax  as  long  as  wide,  apex  half  as  wide  as 
base,  disk  deeply,  strongly  and  irregularly  punctate  with  median  and  discal 
smooth  areas.  Greatest  width  of  elytra  about  one-half  wider  than  that  of 
thorax ;  striae  strong  at  base,  gradually  evanescent ;  punctuation  extremely  fine 
and  sparse.  Abdomen  finely  and  sparsely  punctate,  the  first  and  second  seg- 
ments connate  at  middle.     Length,  2.5—3.7  mm. 

Described  by  Pierce  from  several  specimens  taken  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  in  August  and  September,  some  of  them  from  the  roots  of  an 
aster.  Belongs  to  Casey's  genus  Enuwnonyclia^^'  which  Pierce,  loc.  cit., 
reduces  to  a  subgenus  of  Eisonyx. 

Limnobaris  cana  Lee,  1876,  421. 

Black,  shining,  antennae  and  legs  dull  red;  upper  surface  rather  thickly 
clothed  with  small  Oval  gray  scales.  Beak  rather  stout,  shorter  than  thorax, 
deeply,  densely  lineato-punctate,  male,  as  long  as  head  and  thorax,  slender, 
slightly  curved,  polished,  punctured  only  at  base,  female.  Thorax  scarcely  as 
long  as  wide,  densely  and  rather  coarsely  punctate.  Elytral  striae  deep,  inter- 
vals flat,  rugosely  punctate,  the  scales  not  arranged  in  rows.  Fifth  ventral 
one-half  longer  than  fourth.     Length,  4.7-5   mm. 

This  name  and  description  should  be  inserted  above  Number  617, 
p.  402.  The  species  is  known  froin  St.  Augustine,  Tybee  Beach  and 
Enterprise,  Fla.,  and  Santo  Tomas, Texas. 

633.  Catapastus  albonotatus  Linell. — A  number  of  specimens  of 
this  little  Barid  were  taken  by  beating  in  the  midst  of  the  dense  ham- 
mocks at  Cape  Sable,  Fla.,  Feb.  21  to  2'^.  It  is  the  smallest  member 
of  the  genus. 

Barilepton  robusta  new  species. 

Elongate,  robust ;  subcylindrical.  Black,  shining ;  legs  and  antennae  dull 
reddish-brown ;  above  evenly  and  densely  clothed  with  slate-gray  scales,  those 
on  thorax  lanceolate-triangular  and  arranged  transversely,  their  margins  con- 
tiguous ;  those  on  elytra  elongate-oval,  smaller,   irregularly  overlapping  ;  under 

oAnn.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,   1893,  601. 


lune,  lojo.i  Dlatchley:  Xkw  Riiyxchophora.  171 

surface  thickly  clothed  with  still  smaller,  oval,  silver-gray  scales.  Beak  stout, 
compressed,  scarcely  half  as  long  as  thorax,  basal  half  coarsely  granulate- 
punctate,  gradually  smoother  towards  tip.  Head  alutaceous,  very  finely  and 
sparsely  punctate.  Thorax  one-half  longer  than  wide,  sides  parallel  from  base 
to  apical  third,  thence  converging  to  the  strongly  constricted  apex,  the  latter 
one-third  or  more  narrower  than  base ;  sculpture  hidden,  the  median  smooth 
line  narrow,  subcarinate,  almost  entire.  Elytra  as  wide  and  three  times  longer 
than  thorax,  sides  parallel  from  base  to  apical  fifth,  then  feebly  converging  into 
the  broadly  rounded  tips ;  strine  fine,  shallow  ;  intervals  flat,  alutaceous,  rather 
coarsely,  irregularly  punctate.  Single  tarsal  claw  stout,  as  long  as  third  tarsal 
joint,  feebly  cleft  at  tip.     Length,  6.7-8  i^m. 

This  handsome  weevil  was  first  taken  from  the  margin  of  a  lake 
three  miles  east  of  Lakeland.  Fla.,  Feb.  16,  1919.  Four  specimens 
were  secured  by  cutting  off  close  to  the  ground  clumps  of  a  coarse 
saw-grass  and  shaking  them  over  a  rubber  blanket.  With  the  w^vils 
were  found  a  half  dozen  specimens  of  a  rare  Buprestid  beetle, 
Taphroccnis  piiiicticollis  Schz.  These  two  beetles,  which  are  quite 
similar  in  form,  were  evidently  hibernating  between  the  bases  of  the 
leaves  and  stems  of  the  saw-grass.  On  March  2t„  nine  more  speci- 
mens of  the  weevil  were  found  in  clumps  of  a  similar  saw-grass  by 
the  side  of  Lake  Butler,  near  Tarpon  Springs,  50  miles  northwest  of 
Lakeland.  This  species  is  twice  or  more  larger  than  our  other  east- 
ern members  of  the  genus  Barilepton.  Its  dense  scaly  slate-gray 
vestiture  is  also  very  distinctive. 

710.  Perigaster  obscura  Lee. — It  is  very  doubtful  whether  this  is 
more  than  a  southern  race  or  \-ariety  of  P.  crctiira  Herbst.  Speci- 
mens have  been  taken  about  Dunedin  which  appear  to  be  intermediate 
between  the  two. 

The  paucity  of  species  of  the  tribe  Ceutorhynchini  in  b'lorida  is 
remarkable.  During  seven  winters'  collecting  I  have  taken  but  five 
species  in  the  State,  viz.,  Craponins  inccqualis  Say,  Aiilcutcs  ncbulosus 
Lee,  Ccutorhynchiis  floridanus  Leng,  Perigaster  cretiira  Herbst.  and 
P.  obscura  Lee.  Of  the  66  species  of  the  tribe  recognized  in  the 
Rhynchophora  34  were  recorded  from  Indiana  and  only  eight  from 
Florida,  three  being  common  to  both  states. 

697.  Ceutorhynchus  transversus  Blatch. — This  was  described  from 
a  unique  from  Starke  County,  Ind.  Three  additional  specimens  were 
taken  May  5.  1918.  by  sweeping  herbage  in  a  low  moist  spot  close  to 
White  River,  five  miles  northwest  of  Indianapolis. 


172  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 

733.  Conotrachelus  seniculus  Lee.  This  is  a  very  common  species 
in  the  Okeechobee  and  Cape  Sable  regions  in  early  spring.  It  occurs 
on  low  vegetation  and  is  also  attracted  to  light. 

'J2,'].  Conotrachelus  serpentinus  Boh. — This  has  been  taken  in  some 
numbers  about  Dunedin  and  Lakeland,  Fla.,  where  it  occurs  in  ham- 
mocks on  the  foliage  of  the  red  bay,  Pcrsca  horbonia  L. 

738.  Conotrachelus  helfragei  Lee. — Three  additional  examples  of 
this  prettily  marked  weevil  have  been  taken  since  1916,  one  at  Dun- 
edin, March  14,  by  beating  sea  grape,  Coccolobis  uvifcra  (L.)  on  Hog 
Island,  the  other  two  at  Cape  Sable  on  Conocarpiis  erecta  L.  It  was 
hitherto  known  only  from  Eustis,  Ela.,  and  Texas. 

.  Conotrachelus  maritimus  Blatch. — This  species  was  described''^ 

from  nine  specimens  taken  near  Dunedin  in  February  from  beneath 
debris  within  50  feet  of  the  beach  of  Clearwater  Bay.  The  species 
belongs  in  Group  III,  p.  476,  of  the  Rhynchophora.  Only  two  or 
three  additional  specimens  have  been  since  obtained. 

742.  Conotrachelus  floridanus  Fall. — Frequent  at  Cape  Sable  in  late 
February,  where  it  occurred  on  the  dead  branches  and  foliage  of  the 
saffron  plum,  Bumclia  angustifolia  Nutt.  This  common  shrub,  known 
to  the  natives  of  the  Cape  as  "  seaside  oak,"  grows  in  dense  clumps 
along  the  edges  of  the  hammocks  and  was  productive  of  more  species 
of  Coleoptera  than  any  other  half  dozen  forms  of  vegetation  in  that 
region.    One  of  the  specimens  of  C.  floridanus  was  6.3  mm.  in  length. 

.  Conotrachelus  biscayensis  Fall,  Can.  Ent.,  XLIX,  1917,  385. — 

This  species  was  described  from  a  unique  female  taken  by  Hubbard 
and  Schwarz  at  Biscayne,  Fla.  Fall  states  that  by  Le  Conte's  table  it 
would  fall  near  gcminatus,  but  more  nearly  resembles  floridanus  from 
whiph  it  differs  in  its  less  elongate  (4.1  mm.)  body  and  very  differ- 
ently sculptured  ventral  segments,  the  first  being  coarsely  and  sparsely 
punctate,  the  others  smooth  and  polished  at  middle,  punctate  only  at 
sides. 

.  Conotrachelus  ohesus  Fall,  loc.  cit.,  p.  386. — Described  from  a 

single  Georgia  specimen,  closely  allied  to  anaglypticus,  but  larger  (5 
mm..),  with  thorax  wider  and  elytral  costse  3,  5,  7  and  9  acutely  cari- 
nate,  the  carinse  of  the  third  and  fifth  abruptly  interrupted  before 
the  middle. 

7  Can.  Ent.,  XLIX,  1917,  278. 


June,  1920.]  Blatchley  :  New  Riiyxciiophora.  173 

74S.  Conotrachelus  coronatus  Lee. — A  single  specimen  was  taken 
near  Lakeland,  Feb.  16,  by  beating  clumps  of  saw-grass  over  a  rubber 
blanket.  It  is  notable  for  its  small  size  (3  mm.),  the  tubercles  of 
thorax  and  elytra,  and  by  having  the  beak  abruptly  obliquely  declivent 
at  apical  third.  Known  heretofore  only  from  two  specimens  taken 
by  Schwarz  at  Enterprise.  Fla. 

761.  Chalcodermus  inaequicollis  Horn. — A  dozen  or  more  specimens 
have  been  taken,  all  from  the  leaf  axils  of  a  thistle  on  Hog  Island. 

ydd.  Tyloderma  maculata  Blatch. — Described  from  a  unique  taken 
at  Little  River,  Ma.  Two  additional  specimens  have  been  taken,  one 
near  Moore  Haven,  Fla.,  ]\[arcli  3.  the  other  from  Hog  Island,  by 
sweeping  Balls  nuiritiiiui  L.,  March  26. 

76S.  Tyloderma  variegata  Horn. — Taken  since  19 16  at  La  Belle, 
Palm  Beach  Canal,  Lakeland  and  Dunedin.  Fla.,  by  sweeping  ferns 
in  dense  hammocks. 

.  Tyloderma   laevicollis    Blatch. — This    species    was   described^ 

from  two  specimens  taken  March  4  by  beating  at  the  point  where  the 
Palm  Beach  Canal  leaves  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Okeechobee.  Allied 
to  T.  variegata  Horn,  but  much  smaller.  The  elongate  slender  form, 
almost  smooth  thorax  and  deep  subapical  striae  of  elytra  readily 
separate  this  from  any  known  species. 

Tyloderma  minima  new  species. 

Oblong-oval.  Black,  more  or  less  bronzed,  strongly  shining ;,  legs,  and 
rarely  the  entire  surface,  dark  reddish-brown.  Beak  stout,  one-third  shorter 
than  thorax,  alutaceous,  finely  and  very  sparsely  punctate.  Head  smooth  but 
with  a  shallow  oval  fovea.  Thorax  oval,  its  front  margin  projected  forward, 
partly  covering  the  head,  very  finely  alutaceous,  usually  absolutely  smooth, 
rarely  with  a  few  vague,  shallow  punctures  on  front  margin.  Elytra  elongate- 
oval,  one-third  wider  at  base  than  thorax,  disk  with  rows  of  very  faint  punc- 
tures, these  evanescent  behind  the  middle,  the  subsutural  row  coarser  and 
nearly  entire.  Under  surface  minutely  alutaceous,  impunctate.  Length,  2.3- 
2.8  mm. 

Ormond,  Moore  Haven,  Bassenger,  Sarasota  and  Dunedin,  Fla., 
Jan.  II  to  April  14.  This  is  the  small  form  mentioned  (p.  494)  in  the 
notes  under  T.  punctata  Casey.  It  occurs  abundantly  in  southern 
Florida  beneath  cover  along  the  margins  of  fresh  water,  mating  in 
February  and  March.     T.  punctata,  which  also  occurs  in  small  num- 

8  Can.  Ent..  LI,   1919.  99- 


174     ■      Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    ["^'oi.  xxviii. 

bers  in  Florida,  is  always  larger,  not  less  than  3.5  mm.,  with  head  and 
subapical  constriction  of  thorax  distinctly  punctured,  and  the  punc- 
tures of  elytra,  especially  along  the  flanks,  very  coarse.  No  inter- 
mediate forms  have  been  found. 

775.  Lembodes  solitarius  Boh. — This  curious  Cryptorhynchid,  usu- 
ally considered  rare,  I  found  quite  frequent  about  Cape  Sable,  30  or 
more  specimens  having  been  taken,  mostly  by  beating  the  dead  limbs 
of  Bumelia  angustifolia  Nutt. 

780.  Pseudomus  inflatus  Lee. — Common  at  Key  West  on  the  foliage 
of  the  sea-grape,  Coccolobis  uvifera  L. 

781.  Pseudomus  sedentarius  Say. — A  single  example  was  taken  at 
Lakeland,  Fla.,  Feb.  13,  by  beating  bunches  of  Spanish  moss.  Known 
heretofore  only  from  Ormond  and  Enterprise,  Fla. 

784.  Acalles  granosus  Lee. — Two  specimens  of  this  handsome  and 
distinctively  marked  weevil  were  taken  Feb.  17,  beneath  chunks  of 
saw-palmetto  stems  along  the  edge  of  the  beach  of  Clearwater  Bay, 
one  mile  north  of  Dunedin.  Hitherto  known  only  from  the  east  coast 
of  that  State. 

791.  Acalles  minimus  Blatch. — Several  examples  of  this  pygmy  of 
the  genus  were  taken  at  Cape  Sable  by  beating  in  dense  hammocks. 

Acalles  sablensis  new  species. 

Oval,  robust.  Dark  reddish-brown,  above  densely  clothed  with  dirty  gray, 
white  and  fuscous  scales  ;  the  white  ones  forming  a  vague  stripe  each  side  and 
a  quadrate  spot  at  middle  of  base  of  thorax,  and  a  broad  common  V-shaped 
blotch  on  the  declivity  of  elytra;  this  bordered  in  front  by  an  irregular  cross 
band  of  fuscous  scales,  these  also  forming  several  scattered  blotches  on  disk  of 
thorax  and  basal  half  of  elytra  and  a  broad  common  one  on  middle  of  declivity. 
Under  surface  thickly  clothed  with  round  white  scales.  Beak  broad,  flattened, 
subspatulate,  about  as  long  as  thorax,  naked  except  at  base,  finely  and  sparsely 
punctate,  carinate  on  basal  third.  Thorax  slightly  broadfer  than  long,  strongly 
narrowed  and  broadly  constricted  in  front  of  middle,  sides  rounded.  Sculpture 
concealed,  disk  with  numerous  scattered,  very  short  forward-inclined  setse. 
Elytra  oval,  one-fourth  wider  at  base  than  thorax,  sides  parallel  to  apical  third, 
thence  gradually  converging  to  the  conjointly  rounded  apex  ;  sculpture  of  disk 
concealed  ;  intervals  convex,  each  with  a  single  row  of  short  white,  backward- 
inclined  bristles.     Length,  3-5  mm. 

Two  specimens,  differing  much  in  size  but  otherwise  very  similar, 
were  collected  at  Cape  Sable,  Fla.,  Feb.  21  to  23.  They  were  taken 
about  six  miles  apart  by  beating  dead  branches  in  dense  hammocks. 


June,  J020.]  Blatchlf.y:  Xkw  Rhyxchophora.  17.") 

No  sexual  differences  are  indicated.  The  larger  one  is  duller  colored, 
having  only  a  trace  of  the  basal  white  spot  of  thorax  and  with  the 
median  fuscous  spot  of  elytral  declivity  much  wider. 

Pseudoacalles  maculatus  new  species. 

Broadly  oval,  very  robust.  Blackish-piceous,  antennx  and  tarsi  reddish- 
brown  ;  thorax  sparsely,  elytra  densely,  clothed  with  dull  clay-yellow  and  white 
scales,  the  latter  forming  a  narrow  median  line  and  some  small  spots  on  thorax 
and  numerous  scattered  spots  on  each  elytron.  Under  surface  covered  with 
larger  similar  scales.  Beak  stout,  subdepressed,  as  long  as  thorax,  coarsely 
thickly  punctate,  striate  at  sides,  carinate  above  on  basal  half.  Head  coarsely 
punctate.  .  Thorax  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  sides  strongly  rounded,  apex 
distinctly  constricted,  disk  very  coarsely,  densely,  more  or  less  confluently 
punctate,  each  puncture  closed  by  a  round  scale.  Elytra  at  base  scarcely  as 
wide  as  middle  of  thorax,  sides  feebly  curved  from  humeri  to  apical  third,  then 
strongly  converging  to  the  rather  narrowly  rounded  apex  ;  strise  fine ;  intervals 
broad,  flat,  their  sculpture  concealed.  Second  and  fifth  ventral  segments  sub- 
equal  in  length,  each  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  third  and  fourth  which 
are  also  subeciual.     Length,  4.2  mm. 

Described  from  a  single  specimen  taken  February  25.  by  sweeping 
at  Cape  Sable.  Larger  and  much  more  robust  than  P.  nuchalis  Lee, 
with  thorax  much  wider,  its  apex  more  suddenly  constricted.  The 
elytra  are  prettily  mottled  and  witliout  seta',  but  each  interval  of  the 
declivity  has  a  median  row  of  slightly  larger,  more  projecting  pale 
scales. 

803.  Cryptorhynchus  lapathi  Linn. — Taken  in  some  numl)ers  on 
willow  near  In(liana])olis  in  June.  1917.    The  first  record  for  the  State. 

805.  Cryptorhynchus  helvus  Lee. — A  single  specimen  is  at  hand 
from  Gainesville.  Fla..  and  another  is  in  the  Leng  collection  without 
locality  label.  These  are  the  only  ones,  other  than  the  type,  so  far 
known. 

810.  Cryptorhynchus  apiculatus  Gyll. — .A.  few  specimens  are  taken 
each  spring  near  Dunedin  by  beating  dead  branches  in  wet  hammocks. 
One  was  also  taken  near  Okeechobee  City,  March  6. 

812.  Cryptorhynchus  schwarzi  Blatch. — Four  specimens  have  been 
taken  by  me  since  1916.  one  at  Moore  Haven,  another  at  Cape  Sable, 
from  between  grass  roots  close  to  the  beach,  and  two  by  beating 
buttonwood.  Conocarpus  crccta  L..  on  Hog  Island,  opposite  Dunedin, 
>Larch  8. 


176  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xxviii. 

8i8.  Anchonus  duryi  Blatch. — Taken  in  company  with  Cono- 
trachclus  maritimiis  Bl.  from  beneath  chunks  along  the  bay  front  at 
Dunedin. 

822.  Dryotribus  miraeticus  Horn. — Frequent  at  Cape  Sable  in 
company  with  Gonoiiotits  angnUcollis  Suft'r.  beneath  logs  along  the 
beach,  the  latter  species  occurring  by  hundreds. 

839.  Caulophilus  latinasus  Say. — Found  hibernating  in  large 
bunches  of  Spanish  moss  along  the  borders  of  lakes  near  Lakeland, 
Fla.,  a  dozen  or  more  specimens  having  been  taken  in  February. 

879.  Sphenophorus  chittendeni  Blatch. — Three  additional  speci- 
mens of  this  well  marked  species  have  come  to  hand  since  1916,  two 
from  Dunedin,  the  type  locality,  where  they  were  found  crawling  on 
the  sidewalk,  the  other  from  Billy's  Island,  Ga.  Chittenden  reports 
another  in  his  collection  from  Eaugallis,  Fla.  The  males  are  dis- 
tinctly the  smaller  and  more  slender  and  the  smooth  median  area  of 
thorax  varies  much  in  form  and  size. 

.  Sphenophorus  deficiens  Chitt.  Mss. — One  specimen,  to  which 

Dr.  Chittenden  gives  this  name,  was  taken  by  me  from  beneath  a  log 
on  the  ocean  beach  at  Ormond,  Fla.,  March  15.  His  type  is  from 
Crescent  City.  Fla.  It  is  closely  related  to  :;c(c  Walsh,  but  is  larger, 
with  beak  stouter  at  base  and  the  lateral  vitt^e  of  thorax  almost  ob- 
literated. 

Sphenophorus  omissus  new  species. 

More  slender  than  its  nearest  ally,  S.  at<r  Walsh.  Black,  feebly  shining  ; 
antennas  and  tarsi  dark  reddish-brown.  Beak  slender,  one-half  as  long  as 
thorax,  strongly  compressed  beyond  the  antennal  fossae,  both  it  and  head 
minutely  and  sparsely  punctate,  without  basal  or  frontal  groove.  Thorax  about 
one-third-longer  than  wide,  sides  parallel  from  base  to  apical  third,  then 
rounded  to  the  constricted  apex  ;  disk  without  elevated  vittas ;  rather  finely  and 
irregularly  punctate  and  with  a  narrow  smooth  median  line  on  apical  half, 
niuch  more  coarsely  and  sparsely  punctate  on  basal  portion.  Elytra  as  wide 
at  base  as  thorax,  widest  just  behind  humeri,  the  sides  thence  regularly  con- 
verging to  the  conjointly  narrowly  rounded  tips;  inter\'als  of  disk  flat,  sinuous, 
each  with  a  row  of  minute  punctures  ;  strije  with  very  coarse  punctures  which 
cause  the  sinuosity  of  the  intervals.  Pygidium  coarsely  and  shallowly  punctate. 
Abdomen  coarsely  and  sparsely  punctate,  the  first  and  second  segments  broadly 
and  shallowly  concave  in  male.     Length,  6.3  mm. 

Two  specimens  collected  March  31  from  beneath  log  near  border 
of  pond  at  Dunedin,  Fla.    Belongs  under  gg  of  Group  D  (p.  561),  but 


June,  19^0.]  Blatchley  :  Xew  Rhynchophora.  177 

in  general  facies  and  sculpture  of  elytra  resemhles  zccc;  from  wliich 
it  is  at  once  distiniruislied  by  the  lack  of  thoracic  vittie. 

885a.  Sphenophorus  callosus  sublaevis  Chitt. — Dr.  Chittenden  (Ms.) 
states:  ''This  species  (siiblcrz'is)  is  absolutely  not  a  variety  of  collosus. 
It  is  more  nearly  related  to  destructor  Chittn.,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  its  much  more  irre.cjular  elytral  surface.  I  freely  admit  that 
the>  distinction  (between  destructor  and  siibUcvis)  is  not  very  strong, 
but  I  find  no  specimens  which  intergrade  sufficiently  to  separate 
sublcrvis  as  a  race  of  the  other."  The  Vigo  County,  Ind.,  specimen 
recorded  (p.  568)  he  places  as  destructor,  the  Lake  County  ones  as 
subl<cvis.  He  al-so  adds:  "  S.  destructor  is  one  of  the  variable  species 
and  I  have  found  it  on  occasions  in  the  same  lot  with  callosus  but 
have  no  trouble  in  separating  it  from  that  species  by  the  characters  of 
the  thorax  alone,  the  middle  vitta  being  irregular,  elongate  fusiform. 
with  an  irregular  interrupted,  shining  black  elevated  line  extending 
from  apex  to  near  base.  This  finely  elevated  line  is  never  found  in 
callosus."  Basing  conclusions  on  small  series,  Dr.  Chittenden  is  justi- 
fied in  his  statement,  but  if  a  collection  from  the  entire  countrv  were 
brought  together,  it  would  perhaps  show  that  destructor,  callosus  and 
sublccvis  would  merge,  sublccz'is  being  the  northern  race  of  the  other 
two,  the  typical  form  being  callosus.  All  three  are  also  closely  related 
to  S.  zecv  Walsh. 

S89a.  Calandra  oryzse  zea-mais  Mots. — Of  this  form  Dr.  Chitten- 
den (Ms.)  says:  "This  is  an  absolute  synonym  of  oryza.  Years  of 
experience  in  rearing  this  insect  has  convinced  me  that  it  is  not 
divisible  into  distinct  species  or  even  races.  The  size  is  dependent 
upon  the  food  supply.  Large  specimens  are  usually  bred  from  com- 
paratively soft  corn  where  they  have  an  abundance  of  food;  small 
ones  from  small  grains  of  hard  rice." 

Err.ata  AND  Suggested  Changes  in  the  Text  of  the  Rhynchophora 
OF  Northeastern  America. 

Page. 

30.     Fourth    line    under    Eurymycter. — Change    "  from    above "    to 

'■  from  the  sides  and  below." 
47.     Fifth  line  from  bottom,  insert  "  bust." 
164.     Change  Roman  numeral  before  Hypcrodes  to  V. 


178  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [N'oI.  xx\'iii. 

268.  Col.  Robinson  suggests  that  "  Basal  part  of  "  should  be  inserted 
after  a  and  aa  of  key,  as  in  all  species  the  distal  part  of  the 
tooth  is  at  right  angles  with  femur.  He  also  suggests  that 
"  pubescence  condensed  on  and  behind  scutellum ''  should  be 
omitted  from  aa  as  this  is  true  of  all  members  of  the  group. 

299.     Insert  "  not  "  after  "  color  "  in  c  of  key. 

349.     Last  line  in  hb  of  first  key,  cut  out  "'  or  longer  than  "  and  in- . 
sert  "  as." 

386.     Change  numbers  and  name  of  second  species  to: 

587  (11,168).     Odontocorynus  pinguescens  Casey,  1892,  599. 

425.  Fourteenth  line,  insert  "usually"  before  "prolonged." 

426.  Second  line  of  bb  of  key,   insert  "to  cut  off  the  third"  after 

"  prolonged." 

431.  Exchange  the  second  line  of  the  description  of  Acanthoscelis 
curtus  Say  for  the  second  line  of  that  of  Acanthoscelis  men- 
dicus  Dietz.  In  making  corrections  of  the  two  lines  the 
printer  put  each  one  back  in  the  wrong  place. 

440.     First  line,  add  "  to  cut  off  the  third  "  after  "  sides." 

443.  Serial  number  694  should  be  684. 

444.  Line  beginning  with  "  channel  "  under  No.  686  should  take  the 

place  of  line  beginning  with  "  channel "  under  No.  687,  and 

vice  versa. 
454.     In  third  line  of  cc  of  key  add  "except  in  Rhinoncus." 
537.     Fifth  line  under  Rhyncolini,  change  "latter"  to  "former." 
540.     Insert  (11,227)  after  the  serial  number  847. 


COLEOPTERA  COLLECTED  AT  WINDSOR,  BROOME 

CO.,  N.  Y.,  26  MAY  TO  5  JUNE,  1918,  WITH 

NOTES  AND  DESCRIPTIONS. 

By  Howard  Notman, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

CiciNDELiD^.  Cicindela  purpurea, 

Cicindela  se.rgitttata  Fabr.  (lo)  var.  graminea  Schp.  (i) 

Cicindela  purpurea  Oliv.   (4)  Cicindela  repanda  Dej.   (9) 


June,  1920.] 


XOTMAX  :    COLEOPTERA,    X.    Y 


179 


Caribid.^. 
Carabus  linibatus  Say.   (i) 
Calosonia  caliduiii   Fabr.   (1) 
Elaphrus  cicatricosus  Lee.   (i) 
Elaphrus  ruscarius  Say.  (12) 
Nebria  palUpes  Say  (5) 
Dyscliirius  globulosus  Say.  (i) 
Clivina  inipressifroits  Lee.    (i) 
Schicogeniiis  lineolatus  Say.  (9) 
Schicogeiiitis  aniphibius  Hald.   (i) 
Bembidium  punctatostriatum  Say.  (8) 
Bembidium  iticcquale  Say.   (13) 
Bembidium  lionestum  Say.  (i) 
Bembidium  nigrum  Say.  (2) 
Bembidium  simplex  Lee.   (4) 
Bembidium  plauiusculnm   Mann.    (2) 
Bembidium  complaiuilum  Mann.   (2) 
Bembidium  basiconte  n.  sp.  (3) 
Bembidium  fugax  Lee.  (3) 
Bembidium  planum  Hald.  (17) 
Bembidium  grandiceps   Hayw.    (18) 
Bembidium  picipes  Kby.  (11) 
Bembidium  postremum  Say.    (i) 
Bembidium  oberthiiri  Hayw.  (i) 
Bembidium  variegatu>n  Say.  (i) 
Bembidium  posticum  Hald.   (3) 
Bembidium  patruele  Dej.  (49) 
Bembidium  decipiens  Dej.  (6) 
Bembidium'  versicolor  Lee.    (5) 
Bembidium  4-maculatum  Linn.   (10) 
Bembidium  semistriatum   Hald.    (8) 
Tachys  scitulus  Lee.  (6) 
Tachys  corruscus  Lee.  (4) 
Tachys  Iccvus  Say.  (11) 
Tachys  tripuuctatus  Say.   (18) 
Tachys  incurvus  Say.  (23) 
Pterostichus  honestus  Say.   (2) 
Pterostichus  stygicus  Say.  (3) 
Pterostichus  lucublaiidus   Say.   (17) 
Pterostichus  luctuosus  Dej.  (i) 
Pterostichus  erythropus  Dej.    (4) 
Amara  augustata  Say.  (3) 
Amara  pallipes  Kby.  (3) 
Amara  ccneopolita  Csy.  (i) 
Amara  edax  n.  sp. 


Platyuus  augustatus  Dej.   (1) 
Platynus  deceits  Say.  (i) 
Platynus  reflexus  Lee.  (i) 
Platynus  extensicollis  Say.   (15) 
Platynus  anchomenoides  Rand.  (5) 
Platynus  atratus  Lee.  (3) 
Platynus  melanarius  Dej.  (5) 
Platynus  cupripennis  Say.  (17) 
Platynus  nitidulus  Dej.  (2) 
Platynus  picipennis  Kby.  (i) 
Galerita  janus  Fabr.  (5) 
Lebia  atriventris  Say.  (i) 
Lebia  viridis  Say.  (7) 
Lebia  ornata  Say.  (5) 
Apristus  cordicollis  Lee.   (2) 
Brachynus  ballistarius  Lee.   (i) 
Brachynus  fumans  Fabr.   (i) 
Agonoderus  pallipes  Fabr.  ,(i) 
Agonoderus  comma  Fabr.  (7) 
Harpalus  vulpeculus  Say.  (i) 
Harpalus  viridicrneus  Beauv.  (3) 
Harpalus  compar  Lee.   (i) 
Harpalus  pleuriticus  Kby.   (i) 
Harpalus  viduus  Lee.  (i) 
Stenolophus  fuscatus  Dej.   (i) 
Sfenolophus  rotundatus   Lee.    (5) 
Bradycellus  rupestris  Say.   (i) 
Bradycellus  debilipcs  Say.  (6) 
Bradycellus  tantillus  Chd.    (i) 
Phil  odes  testaceus  Lee.   (i) 
Anisidactylus  harrisii  Lee.  (4) 
Anisodactylus  nigerrimus  Dej.  (2) 
Anisodactylus  discoideus  Dej.  (i) 

DYSTICID.E. 
Laccophilus  maculosus  Germ.  (13) 
Bidessus  affinis  Say.  (4") 
Hydroporus  modestus  .\ube.  (3) 
Ilybius  biguttulus  Germ,  (i) 

Cyrix  iD.E. 
Gyrinus  limbatus  Say.  (7) 
Gyrinus  dichrous  Lee.  (2) 
Dineutes  discolor  Aube.  (14) 


180 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,    t^'o'-  xxviii. 


Hydrophilid.e. 
Tropistenuis  glaber  Hrbst.   (i) 
Laccobius  agilis  Rand.   (8) 
Philhydriis  cinctits  Say.   (i) 
Pbilhydnts  per  plexus  Lee.  (i) 
Cymhiodyia  fiinbriata  Mels.   (2) 
Cymbiodyta  blanchardi  Horn.   (2) 
Creniphilus  digestus  Lee.  (9) 
Sphcrridhim  scarabccoides  Linn.   (2) 
Cercyon  uiiipitnctatits   Linn,    (i) 
Cercyon   iticrematits  n.  sp. 
Cercyon  basillaris  n.  sp. 
Cryptop!ejirum  iinuutnm  Fabr.   (i) 

SlLPHID^. 

Necrophorus  marginatus  Fabr.   (2) 
Saplia  i)i(rqua!is  Fabr.  (i) 
Silpha  noveboracensis  Forst.  (i) 
Colon  asperatiim  Horn,  (i) 
Anisoioma  punctatostriata  Kby.   (i) 
Liodes  obsoleta  Mels.  (i) 
Agathidiuui   exignum  ]\Iels.    (7) 

SCYDMAENID.5:. 

Scydmccntis  pcrforatus  Schm.   (2) 

PSELAPHID^. 

Pilopius  lacustris  Csy.  (i) 
Decarthron  exiguuin  n.  sp. 
Batrisodes  spretus  Lee.  (i) 
Rhexiiis  insculptus  Lee.  (3) 

Staphylixid.e. 
Paralesteva  pallipes  Lee.   (13) 
Geodromicus  brunneus  Say.  (2) 
Trogophlceus  quadripunctatus  Say.  (10) 
Trogophlccxts  morio  Er.   (11) 
Trogophlxns  rivularis  Mots.  (12) 
Trogophlceus  difficilis  Csy.  (i) 
Trogophlceus  t'olaiis  n.  sp. 
Trogophlceus  vcspertinus  n.  sp. 
Trogophlceus  subtiiis  Er.  (i) 
Trogophlcetts  pudicus  Csy.  (i) 
Oxytehts  laqueatns   Marsh,    (i) 
Oxytelus  nitidulus  Grav.   (2) 


Oxytclus  tetracarinatus  Block,   (i) 
Platystethus  americamts  Er.  (i) 
Bledius  fracticoniis  Payk.   (4) 
Bledius  emarginatus  Say.   (4) 
Stenus  bipunctatus  Er.   (10) 
Stenus  fulvoguttatus  n.  sp. 
Stenus  juno  Fabr.  (i) 
Stenus  edax  n.  sp. 
Stenus  perexilis  n.  sp. 
Stenus  obtrusus  Csy.    (10) 
Stenus  colonus  Er.  (7) 
Stenus  flavicornis  Er.  (9) 
Stenus  canadensis  Csy.  (i) 
Stenus  punctatus  Er.   (2) 
Stenus  ccenicohts  Ntm.   (5) 
Eucesthetus  aiiiericanus  Er.   (i) 
Gastrolobium  bicolor  Grav.  (2) 
Hesperobiuni  cribratuni  Lee.  (i) 
Pccderus  littorarius  Grav.  (10) 
Lathrobium  proceruni   Csy.    (i) 
Lathrobiuni  armatuin  Say.   (i) 
Lathrobioma  othioides  Lee.  (i) 
Lathrobionta  tenuis  Lee.    (i) 
Lathrobiella  collaris  Er.  (19) 
Lathrobiella  fragilis  Csy.  (2) 
Scopcrtis  quadriceps  Ntm.  (2) 
Astenus  discopunctatus  Say.  (6) 
Gyrohypnus  nielanops  Csy.  (i) 
Gyrohypnus  fusciceps  Lee.  (2) 
Neobisnius  sobrinus  Er.  (3) 
Neobisnius  pccderoides  Lee.  (2) 
Neobisnius  terminalis  Lee.   (3) 
Philonthus  quadricollis  Horn,   (i) 
Philonthus  lomatus  Er.  (2) 
Philonthus  blandus  Grav.  (i) 
Staphylinus  badipes  Lee.   (i) 
Staphylinus  macnlosus  Grav.   (i) 
Ontholestes  cingulatus  Grav.    (i) 
CreophihiS  maxillosus, 

var.  villosus  Grav.  (i) 
Acylophorus  pronus  Er.   (3) 
Tachinus  repandus  Horn,   (i) 
Tachyporus  jocosus  Say.  (2) 
Tachyporus  chrysomelinus  Linn.  (2) 
Tachyporus  brunneus  Fabr.  (3) 


June,  1920.] 


XOTMAX  :    COLEOPTERA,    X.    Y. 


1.^1 


Coiiosonia  opicum  Say.  (i) 
Boletobins  ciitcticollis  Say.   (i) 
Bolctobiits  quwsitor  Horn,  (i) 
Bryofonis  nifescciis  Lee.  (i) 
MyllfTiia  viilpiiia  Bernh.  (3) 
Siliisida  blanchardi  Csy.  (3) 
Gyrophcciia  flavicoruis  Mcls.   (34) 
Hoplandria  lateralis  Mels.  (8) 
Atltcta  nigritula  Grav.   (3) 
Atheta  dcntata  Bernh.  (6) 
Atheta  palustris  Kiesw.  (15) 
Pclurga  luridipennis  Mann,   (i) 
Daya  iiigratula  Csy.  (i) 
Metaxya  magniceps  Sahl.  (16) 
Alocoiiola  cambrica  Wollas.  (4) 
Pancota  panda  Csy.  (13) 
Coprothassa  sordida  Marsh.  (2) 
Colpodota  parva  Sahl.  (i) 
Giiypcta  baltifera  Lee.  (2) 
Tacliyitsa  cavicollis  Lee.  (14) 
Falagria  dissecta  Er.  ( i ) 
Aleochara  bimaculata  Grav.  (i) 
Oxypoda  schaefferi  n.  sp. 
Oxypoda  obliqua  Csy.  (i) 

Trichopterygid^. 
Ptoiidiiim  foveicolle  Lee.  (i) 
Triclwpteryx  aspera  Hald.  (i) 
Trichopteryx  discolor  Hald.  (16) 
Sniicnis  filicornis  Fairm.   (i) 

SCAPHIDIID.E. 

Scaphisoina  rubens  Csy.  (8) 

Ph.m.acrid.e. 
Stilbus  atoiiiarius  Linn.  (14) 

COCCINELLID^. 

Megilla  maciilata  DeG.  (i) 
Adalia  bipuitctata  Linn,   (i) 

Erotylid^. 
Laitguria  mozardi  Lat.  (3) 
Acroptcroxys  gracilis  Xewm.  (2) 
Tritoma   Ihoracica  Say.    (2) 


Tritoma  flavicollis  Lac.  (6) 

CoLYDlID.i:. 

Cerylon  caslaneum  Say.  (2) 
Pliilotlierinus  glabriculus  Lee.   (i) 

CUCUJID.E. 

Silvauus  planatus  Germ,  (i) 
Lamophlcrus  convexiilus  Lee.  (i) 
Lccmophl(uus  adiistiis  Lee.  (2) 

CRYPTOPHAGIDvE. 

Tomarus  pulchellus  Lee.  (26) 
Agatheugis  liueola  Ntm.  (i) 
Atoniaria  pusilla  Payk.  (i) 
Atomaria  ochracca  Zimm.   (i) 
Atoniaria  ochracea, 

var.  pennsylvanica  Csy.  (i) 
Atoniaria  oblongtila  Csy.  (11) 
AtoDtaria  ephippiata  Zimm.  (3) 

Mycetophagid^. 

Mycetophagns  picta  Csy.   (i) 

Dermestid.b. 
Dermestes  lardarius  Linn,  (i) 
Attageinis  deficiens  Csy.  (2) 

HiSTERID.E. 

Hister  abbreviatus  Fabr.   (i) 
Hister  lecontei  Mars.  (4) 
Aeletes  politus  Lee.  (i) 

NlTIDULID^. 

Epurcca  peltoides  Horn,  (i) 
Epuraa  labilis  Er.  (i) 
Soronia  undulata  Say.  (i) 
Cyllodes  biplagiatus  Lee.  (7) 
Cycliramus  adustus  Er.  (i) 
Cryptarcha  ampla  Er.  (i) 
Ips  quadriguttatus  Fabr.  (i) 

Lathridiid.e. 
Latliridiiis  liratus  Lee.  (2) 
Corticaria  serrata  Payk.  (i) 


182 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    f^'°'-  xx\'iii 


Melanophthalma  picta  Lee.  (2) 
Melanophthalma  villosa  Zimm.  (8) 
Melanophthalma  distinguendaCom.i?) 
Melanophthalma  longipennis  Lee.    (i) 
Melanophthalma  cavicollis  Mann.   (4) 

Byrrhid^. 

Cytilus  sericeiis  Forst.  (i) 
Syncalypta  spinosa  Rossi.  (4) 

Parnid.5:. 
Psephenus  lecontei  Lee.   (i) 

Heterocerid^. 
Heterocerus  ventralis  Mels.  (i) 

Dascyllid^. 
Cyplwn  obscunts  Guer. 

Elaterid^. 
Adelocera  obtecta  Say.   (i) 
Hypnoidus  planatus  Lee.  (i) 
Hy-pnoidus  striatulns  Lee.  (6) 
Hypnoidus  melsheimeri  Horn.   (4) 
Hypnoidns  obliquatuhis  Mels.  (3) 
Moiiocrepidius  auritns  Hbst.   (i) 
Elater  nigricollis  Hbst.   (i) 
Elater  z'itiosiis  Lee.   (  i ) 
Elater  nigricans  Germ.  (2) 
Elater  rubricus  Say.  (i) 
Elater  areolatus  Say.  (i) 
Agriotes  niancus  Say.   (2) 
Agriotes  pnbescens  Mels.  (12) 
Dolopius  lateralis  Esch.   (4) 
Melanotus  difficilis  Blatch.  (i) 
Limonius  griseus  Beauv.    (i) 
Limonins  anceps  Lee.  (12) 
Sericus  incongruus  Lee.  (5) 
Serious  silaceus  Say.  ( i ) 
Sericus  flavipennis  Mots,  (i) 
Ludins  tesselatns  Linn.    (2) 
Ludius  hieroglyphicus  Say.   (i) 

Throscid^, 
Throscns  constrictor  Say.   (3) 


BuPRESTIDiE. 

Dicerca  prolongata  Lee.   (6) 
Antha.via  qiiercata  Fabr.  (i) 
Chrysobothris  femorata    Fabr.    (13) 
Chrysobothris  soror  Lee.    (i) 
Agrilus  vittaticollis  Rand.   (3) 
Agrilus  acutipennis  Mann,   (i) 
Agrilus  politus  Say.   ( i ) 
Agrilus  obsoletoguftatus  Gory,   (i) 
Taphrocerus  gracilis  Say.  (4) 
Brachys  ovata  Web.   (2) 
Br  achy  s  drosa  Mels.  (8) 
Brachys  trruginosa  Gory.   (16) 
Pachyscelus  purpureus  Say.  (i) 

Lampyrid^. 
Lucidota  punctata  Lee.  (2) 
Ellychnia  corrusca  Linn,  (i) 
Pyractomena  angulata  Say.   (i) 
Photuris  pennsylvanica  DeG.  (2) 
Podabrus  rugulosus  Lee.  (2) 
Podabrus  basillaris  Say.   (3) 
Podabrus  modestus  Say.  (i) 
Podabrus  punctatits  Lee.  (2) 
Telephorus  den  tiger  Lee.   (2) 
Telephonis  fraxini  Say.   (i) 
Telephorus  carolinus  Fabr.    (4) 
Telephorus  nigrituliis  Lee.  (i) 
Telephorus  flavipes  Lee.  (6) 
Telephorus  rotundicollis  Say.  (i) 
Telephorus  bilineatus  Say.  (i) 
Malthodes  e.vilis  Mels.  (i) 
Malthodes  fuliginosus  Lee.   (2) 

Malachiid^. 
Malachius  aneus  Linrt.   (2) 
Pseudebaus  oblitus  Lee.   (i) 
Hydnocera  tabida  Lee.   (2) 
Hydnocera  longicollis  Ziegl.    (6) 

Ptinid^. 
Ernobius  mollis  Linn,   (i) 

LUCANID^. 

Platycerus  quercils  Fabr.  (i) 
Ceruchus  piceus  Web.  (i) 


June,  1920.] 


XOTMAX:    COLKOPTERA.    X.    Y 


183 


SCARAB.EID.E. 

Onthophagus  pennsylvanicus  Har.   (i) 
Onthophagus  hecate   Panz.   (i) 
Atanitis  strigalus  Say.   (i) 
Dialytes  strialulus  Say.  (i) 
Aphodius  fimetarius  Linn.  (2) 
Aphodius  fossor  Linn.  (4) 
Odotitcrus  filicontis  Say.   (i) 
Geotrupes  splendidus  Fabr.  (i) 
Hoplia  trifasciata  Say.  (2) 
Dichelonycha  diluta  Fall.  (5) 
Diclielottycha  testacea  Kby.  (4) 
Dichelonycha  elongata  Fabr.  (3) 
Serica  vespertina  Gyll.  (i) 
Diplotaxis  atlatttis  Fall,  (i) 
Lachnosterna  anxia  Lee.  (i) 
Euphoria  fulgida  Fabr.  (i) 
Creiiiastochiliis  canaliculatus  Kby.  (2) 
Trichius  affinis  Gory.  (4) 

Cer.\mbycid.^. 
Cyrtophorus  verrucosus  Oliv.  (3) 
Pachyta  monticola  Rand.  (3) 
Acmcrops  thoracica  Hald.  (4) 
Leptura  lineola  Say.  (5) 
Leptura  aurata  Horn,  (i) 
Leptura  iiiutabilis  Xewm.  (3) 
Pseuocerus  supernotatus  Say.  (i) 
Saperda  concolor  Lee.  (i) 
Oberea  biinaculata  Oliv.  (i) 
Oberea  filutn  Csy.  (4) 

Chrysomelid.e. 
Douacia  emarginata  Kby.  (i)  , 
Syitcta  ferruginea  Germ,  (i) 
Anomcca  laticlavia  Forst.   (2) 
Chlaiiiys  plicata  Fabr.  (i) 
Exema  dispar  Lac.   (3) 
Cryptocephalus  quadruplex  "Sewm.  (i) 
Pachybrachys  bivittatus  Say.  (19) 
Typophorus  canellus 

var.  sellatus  Horn,  (i) 

var.  sculellaris  n.  var. 

var.  puuiilus  Lcc.  (i) 

var.  quadriguttatus  Lee.    (i) 


var.  riltatus  Horn,  (i) 
Xanthottia  deceiiinotatus  Say.  (i) 
Graphops  marcassitus  Cr.  (i) 
Chrysodiiia  globosa  Oliv.   (3) 
Calligrapha  siiuilis  Rogers.  (4) 
Calligrapha  elegans  (i) 
Calligrapha  bigsbyana  Kby.  (2) 
Plagiodera  versicolor  Laich.  (i) 
Gaslroidea  polygoui  Linn,   (i) 
Z.t)ia  treninlcc  Fabr.  (4) 
Gonioctena  pallida  Linn,   (i) 
Phyllodecta  vitellincc  Linn.  (5) 
Luperodes  cyanellus  Lee.  (4) 
Diabrotica  vittata  Fabr.  (i) 
Galerucella  americana  Fabr.  (2) 
Galerucella  sexvittata  Lee.  (2) 
Galerucella  cavicollis  Lee.  (4) 
Galerucella  tuberculata  Say.   (i) 
Galerucella  decora  Say.  (7) 
Hypolampsis  pilosa  Illig.  (i) 
CEdionychis  limbalis  Mels.   (2) 
CEdionychis  qtiercata  Fabr.  (3) 
Haltica  ignita  Illig.  (8) 
Haltica  fuscoccnea  Mels.  (i) 
Crepidodera  helxines  Linn.  (13) 
Crepidodera  rufipes  Linn.    (2) 
Epitrix  cucumeris  Harris.  (6) 
Mantura  floridana  Cr.  (3) 
S.rj/e»;a  hudsonias  Forst.  (13) 
Microrhopala  excavata  Oliv.  (i) 
Microrhopala  vittata  Fabr.   (2) 
Chalepus  ruber  Web.  (2) 
Chalepus  nervosa  Panz.  (8) 
Physonota  unipunctata  Say.  (2) 
Coptocycla  bicolor  Fabr.   (2) 
Coptocycla  signifera  Hrbst.  (i) 

TeNEBRIONIDvC. 

Kyctobates  pennsylvanica  DeG.  (i) 
Iphthimus  opacus  Lee.  (i) 

CiSTELID.E. 

Isomira  quadristriata  Coup,  (i) 

L.\GRIID.€. 

Arthromacra  (rnca  Say.  (9) 


184  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviii. 


Melaxdryid^. 
Melandrya  striata  Say.  (i) 
Canifa  pallipes  Mels.  (2) 

CEPHAL01D.E. 
Cephaloon  Jepturides  Newni.   (i) 

M0KDELLID.5. 
Anaspis  riifa  Say.  (2) 
Mordellistena  aspersa  Mels.  (i) 
Mordellistena  pnstulata  Mels.  (i) 
Mordellistena  convicta  Lee.   (3) 
Mordellistena  morula  Lee.  (4) 

AXTHICID^. 

Corphyra  lugiibris  Say.  (i) 
AnthicKS  festinans  Csy.  (3) 

Meloid.e. 
Pouipliopa^a  sayi  Lee.  (4) 


Hypomolyx  piccns  DeG.  (i) 
Bagotts  mammillattis  Say.  (2) 
Anthononnis  robustulus  Lee.    (4) 
Anthonomiis  sycophanta  Walsh.  (2) 
Anthonomus  rufipennis   Lee.    (i)  •. 

Anthononnis  consimilis  Dietz.  (2) 
Anthonomus  mtisculus  Say.  (i) 
Orchestes  niger  Horn,  (i) 
Orchestes  pallicornis  Say.  (i) 
Ty chins  picirostris  Fabr.  (5) 
Tyloderma  foveolata  Say.  (2) 
Tyloderma  nigra  Csy.   (i) 
Cryptorhynchiis  lapathi  Linn,   (i) 
Auleutes  asper  Lee.  (3) 
Ceiitorhynchus  cyanipennis    Germ,  (i) 
Ceutorhynchus  piinctiger  Sahib.  (3) 
Ceiitorhynchus  semirnfus  Lee.  (i) 
Pelenomus  sulcicollis  Fabr.  (4) 
Rhinoncus  pyrrhopns  Lee.   (2) 
Sphenophorus  melanocephalusFahT.(2) 


CuRCULIONID.E. 

Attelabiis  rhois  Boh.  (7) 
Horniorus  undulatus  Uhler.  (2) 
Phyxelis  rigidus  Say.  (4) 
Apion  pennsylvanicum  Boh.  (i) 
Apion   impeditum  Fall,   (i) 
Phytonomits  meles  Fabr.   (i) 
Phytonomiis  polygoni  Fabr.    (i) 
Phytonomus  nigrirostris  Fabr.   (i) 
Hyperodes  sparstts  Say.  (i) 


SCOLYTID.E. 

Pityophthorits  consimilis  Lee.  (i) 
Xyloterus  politus  Say.  (i) 
Dryoca^tes  americanus  Hopk.  (i) 
Ips  grandicollis  Eich.   (i) 
Micracis  asperulus  Lee.  (i) 

ANTHRIBID.E. 
Eurymycter  fasciatits  Oliv.   (i) 
Brachytarsus  tomentosiis  Say.  (i) 


Notes  and  Descriptions. 

Bembidium  simplex  Lee. 
Bembidium  planiusculum  Mann. 
Bembidium  complanulum  Mann. 

Abundant  material  is  at  hand  which  is  separable  into  these  three 
species  as  defined  by  Hayward.  Though  not  abundant  at  Windsor, 
they  may  be  collected  in  some  numbers  along  the  more  elevated 
streams  in  the  Adirondack  Mts.  At  lower  elevations  they  are  re- 
placed by  B.  planum  Hald.  and  B.  grandiceps  Hayw.,  which  are 
similar  in  their  habits.     The  author  believes  that  the  species  named 


June,  1920.]  NoT^rA^• :  Coleoptera.  N.  Y.  185 

B.  nisficti))!  wliich  Col.  Casey  describes  from  the  Catskill  Mts.  is  the 
same  species  which  Hayward  describes  as  B.  planiuscnlum  ^[ann. 
(Mem.  Col.,  VIII,  p.  33).  Col.  Casey  believes  that  B.  planiuscnlum 
and  B.  coviplauulum  belong  in  the  next  group  of  his  synopsis  (1.  c.  p. 
37).  He  separates  the  two  groups  (erasum)  and  (planatum)  by  the 
convexity  of  the  body  and  the  strength  of  the  outer  stride  of  the  elytra. 
It  should  be  hoticcd.  however,  that  although  he  places  rusticum  in 
the  group  (erasum)  in  wliich  the  body  is  more  convex  and  the  outer 
strire  o])solcte.  he  descril)es  the  species  as  having  the  seventh  stria 
distinct  and  the  body  rather  depressed. 

Bembidium  basicorne  new  species. 

Form  rather  short  and  broad,  depressed,  not  very  distinctly  oval.  Color 
black,  rarely  with  a  feeble  metallic  shimmer  on  the  head  and  thorax ;  antenna;, 
side  margins  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  and  the  apical  half  of  the  sutural  margins 
of  the  latter  piceous ;  first  joint  of  the  antennae  bright  rufous  ;  femora  blackish 
piceous,  apices  of  the  latter  and  the  tibiae  paler,  tarsi  brownish  testaceous  :  palpi 
brownish.  Head  finely,  thorax  very  obsoletely  alutaceous.  Elytra  polished, 
shining,  distinctly  opalescent.  Head  about  three  fourths  the  width  of  the 
thorax,  distinctly  wider  than  the  thorax  at  apex;  eyes  strongly  convex,  frontal 
grooves  broad,  strong,  connected  with  the  foveate  punctures  of  the  clypeus  ; 
antennre  moderately  long  and  slender,  reaching  the  basal  third  of  the  elytra ; 
joints  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide.  Thorax  one  third  wider  than  long; 
about  three  fifths  the  width  of  the  elytra,  base  slightly  narrower  than  the 
apex  ;  sides  strongly  rounded  in  front,  oblique  and  slightly  sinuate  behind  the 
middle;  posterior  angles  sharp  and  minutely  rectangular,  apex  strongly  emar- 
ginate,  apical  angles  prominent,  rounded  ;  side  margins  rather  wide,  narrowly 
reflexed  at  edge ;  basal  impressions  broad  rather  deep,  bistriate,  obsoletely 
sculptured,  carina  rather  long  and  strong,  median  line  strong,  distinctly  im- 
pressed, subentire.  Elytra  about  one  third  longer  than  wide,  sides  feebly 
arcuate  and  divergent  to  apical  two  fifths,  thence  strongly  rounded  to  the 
apex;  the  first  four  striae  distinct  on  the  disk,  the  first  two  entire;  outer  striae 
apex ;  the  first  four  striae  distinct  on  the  disk,  the  first  two  entire ;  outer  stri.-e 
very  close  to  the  margin,  confluent  with  it  at  basal  fourth  ;  the  stria:  extremely 
minutely  and  indistinctly  punctate.  The  third  stria  bipunctate,  the  anterior  at 
basal  third,  the  posterior  at  nearly  apical  fourth.  Length  3.75  mm.:  width, 
1.5-1.6  mm.     (^  5.     Three  specimens. 

This  species  is  allied  to  B.  iridcsccns  Lee.  It  occurs  in  the  Adi- 
rondack Mts.  in  numbers  with  the  above  three  species  and  shows  no 
variation  of  importance.  It  dift'ers  from  iridcsccns  in  the  absence  of 
the  pale  area  at  the  apex  of  the  elytra,  its  dark  legs,  the  thorax  slightly 


186  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Voi.  xxviir. 

narrower  at  base,  the  elytral  apex  more  obtusely  rounded  and  its 
smaller  size.  It  differs  from  impiitm  Csy.  in  its  form  and  the  color 
of  its  legs. 

Amara  edax  new  species. 

Form  rather  short,  broad  and  convex.  Color  black  with  an  extremely 
feeble  metallic  lustre,  legs  black  ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  rufo-piceous,  three  basal 
joints  of  the  antenna  rufo-testaceous,  outer  joints  fuscous.  Head  and  thorax 
smooth,  strongly  shining,  very  finely  alutaceous  in  the  basal  angles ;  elytra  very 
finely  alutaceous  but  shining.  Head  scarcely  one  half  the  width  of  the  thorax, 
slightly  narrower  than  the  apex  ;  strioles  scarcely  apparent ;  antennae  not  quite 
reaching  the  base  of  the  thorax;  third  joint  strongly  carinate  on  basal  third. 
Thorax  one  half  wider  than  long,  just  perceptibly  narrower  than  the  elytra,  - 
widest  one  third  before  the  base,  sides  strongly  and  evenly  rounded,  apex 
about  one  half  the  width  of  the  base,  strongly  emarginate,  apical  angles  nar- 
rowly rounded ;  basal  angles  rounded,  rather  strongly  bent  back ;  puncture 
nearly  twice  as  far  from  the  side  as  from  the  basal  margin  ;  median  line  fine, 
distinctly  impressed  ;  anterior  transverse  impression  feeble,  basal  impressions 
and  fovese  altogether  obsolete,  basal  area  impunctate,  surface  evenly  convex. 
Elytra  one  third  longer  than  wide,  sides  evenly  arcuate  from  about  the  middle 
to  the  apex,  apical  sinuses  distinct.  Strias  fine,  impunctate  ;.  the  scutellar  with 
an  ocellate  puncture  at  base,  not  joined  to  the  first  at  apex;  punctures  of  the 
eighth  stria  with  three  wide  intervals  at  middle  ;  elytral  interva.ls  alrnost  flat. 
Length,  7.35  mm. ;  width,  3.5  bb.     (^.     One  specimen. 

This  species  is  probably  close  to  A.  lanrana  Csy.  described  from 
Boulder  Co.,  Col.  The  form  is  broader,  the  elytra  shorter,  the  thorax 
distinctly  wider  before  the  base  with  the  sides  more  evenly  arcuate, 
the  hind  angles  rounded,  punctures  nearer  the  basal  margin. 

Cercyon  incrematus  new  species. 

Form  oval,  widest  near  the  base  of  the  elytra,  moderately  convex.  Color 
black,  side  margins  of  the  thorax  rather  broadly  and  indefinitely  dark  rufous; 
elytra  dark  rufo-piceous,  apical  third  and  broad  side  margins  rather  indefinitely 
obscure  testaceous ;  antennae,  mouth  parts  ani  legs  rufo-piceous.  Head  mod- 
erately closely  and  somewhat  finely  punctate,  about  one  half  the  width  of  the 
thorax.  Thorax  more  than  twice  a^  wide  as  long,  sides  more  strongly  arcuate 
and  narrowed  in  front ;  basal'  marginal  line  extending  to  the  fourth  elytral 
stria,  surface  moderately  closely  and  somewhat  finely  punctate,  scarcely  less 
closely  on  the  sides.  Elytra  not  quite  three  times  the  length  of  the  thorax, 
one  third  longer  than  wide,  widest  at  basal  fourth  where  they  are  distinctly 
wider  than  the  thorax,  thence  narrowed  and  feebly  arcuate  to  about  apical 
third,  thence  acutely  rounded  to  the  apex ;   ten  striate,  striae  not  closely  punc- 


June,  1920.]  XOTMAX  :    CoLEOPTERA,    X.    Y.  187 

tate,  punctures  separated  by  about  their  diameters,  all  the  stride  abbreviated  at 
base,  the  first  four  very  faint  in  the  scutcllar  area  ;  intervals  more  finely  and 
less  closely  punctate  than  the  strije,  eighth  interval  with  a  somewhat  irregular 
double  row  of  punctures.  Body  beneath  black,  opaque.  Prosternuni  carinate ; 
metasternal  area  shining,  punctures  fine,  separated  by  about  twice  their  diam- 
eters ;  area  not  extended  by  an  oblique  line  to  the  anterior  angles.  Anterior 
tibise  not  emarginate  at  apex.     Length,  2.5  mm.  ;  width,  1.7  mm.     One  specimen. 

Cercyon  basillaris  new  species. 

Form  elongate-oval,  widest  near  the  base  of  the  elytra,  moderately  convex. 
Color  black,  elytra  rufo-piceous,  scarcely  indefinitely  paler  at  the  extreme  apex, 
narrow  basal  margin  and  the  first  interval  to  the  middle  blackish  ;  mouth  parts 
and  femora  piceous,  tibiae  and  tarsi  paler,  rufo-piceous.  Head  moderately 
closely,  somewhat  less  faintly  punctate  than  in  the  preceding;  one  half  the 
width  of  the  thorax.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  sides  evenly, 
gradually  narrowed  and  arcuate  from  base  to  apex  ;  basal  marginal  line  extend- 
ing inwards  only  as  far  as  the  sixth  stria,  surface  moderately  closely  and  some- 
what finely  punctate,  not  at  all  sparser  on  the  sides.  Elytra  rather  more  than 
three  times  the  length  of  the  thorax,  nearly  one  half  longer  than  wide,  widest 
at  basal  fourth  where  it  is  distinctly  wider  than  the  thorax  ;  form  just  per- 
ceptibly angulate  at  this  point  due  to  the  feeble  and  flattened  arcuation  of  the 
thorax  ;  sides  posteriorly  nearly  evenly  narrowed  and  arcuate  to  the  apex.  Elytra 
ten  striate,  tenth  subobsolete,  striae  punctate,  punctures  separated  by  about  their 
diameters,  punctures  of  the  intervals  finer,  not  at  all  dense,  less  distinct  to- 
wards the  apex.  Eighth  interval  narrow  with  a  single  very  irregular  row  of 
punctures.  Body  beneath  black,  subopaque,  metasternal  area  shining,  punctate, 
punctures  a  little  sparse  and  irregular,  area  not  extended  by  an  oblique  line 
to  the  anterior  angles.  Anterior  tibiae  not  emarginate  at  apex.  Length,  2.75 
mm.;  width,   1.7  mm.     One  specimen. 

The  species  wliich  Horn  describes  as  C.  quisquilius  does  not  agree 
at  all  well  with  the  descriptions  of  the  European  authors.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  the  above  described  C.  basillaris  may  be  Horn's  species. 
It  seems  doubtful,  however,  because  the  eighth  elytral  interval  is  nar- 
row and  uniseriately  punctate  and  the  sides  of  the  thorax  are  not 
pale.  In  C.  incrcmatiis  the  form  of  the  thorax  does  not  agree  with 
Horn's  description  and  the  elytra  have  a  distinct  apical  pale  area 
which  extends  along  the  sides  to  the  base. 

Decarthron  exiguum  new  species. 

Form  moderately  slender.  Color  uniform  brown,  legs  and  antennae  not 
paler.  Head  to  the  clypeal  margin  one  half  wider  than  long,  eyes  very  large 
and  convex,  occupying  the  whole  side  of  the  head,  tempera  lacking ;  head  be- 


188  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [^'°'-  xxviii. 

hind  the  eyes  very  oblique ;  occiput  with  two  large  foveje  which  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  little  less  than  twice  the  distance  between  them  and  the 
eyes;  antennae  rather  stout,  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  first  joint  one  half 
longer  than  wide,  obconic,  second  square,  as  long  as  wide,  third  and  fourth  as 
long  as  wide,  decreasing  slightly  in  size,  five  to  nine  transverse,  five  just 
visibly  so,  nine  twice  as  wide  as  long  and  about  twice  the  width  of  the  sec- 
ond ;  terminal  joint  wider  than  the  ninth,  slightly  elongate,  oval-conic.  Head 
finely  pubescent  but  not  visibly  punctate.  Thorax  one  fourth  wider  than  long, 
widest  at  apical  two  thirds  where  it  is  rather  broadly  rounded,  straight  and 
slightly  convergent  posteriorly.  Fovea  large,  round  and  deep,  surface  punctu- 
late.  Pubescence  not  dense,  pale  and  decumbent,  moderately  long.  Elytra  one 
fovirth  wider  than  long,  scarcely  wider  at  base  than  the  greatest  width  of  the 
thorax ;  humeri  oblique,  not  at  all  prominent,  sides  divergent,  feebly  arcuate, 
nearly  straight  in  front,  surface  moderately  convex,  discal  striae  distinct  to 
apical  third,  punctulate,  the  pubescence  rather  coarse,  dense  and  decumbent, 
pale  in  color.  Carinae  of  the  first  abdominal  segment  straight,  divergent,  half 
the  length  of  the  segment,  separated  by  half  the  width  of  the  segment  between 
the  margins.     Length,   1.2  mm.;  width,  .5  mm.     J.     One  specimen. 

This  species  resembles  D.  formaccti  Lee.  It  may  be  distinguished 
as  follows :  antennae  shorter  and  stouter,  funicular  joints  nearly  all 
transverse;  thorax  more  transverse  and  more  broadly  rounded  on  the 
sides.  Elytra  slightly  more  transverse,  less  convex,  sides  less  strongly 
arcuate,  humeri  mucli  less  prominent ;  color  yellow  brown  without  the 
strong  reddish  tinge  characteristic  of  formaccti;  pubescence  coarser. 

Trogophloeus  volans  new  species. 

Form  somewhat  slender,  piceous,  abdomen  black;  three  basal  joints  of  the 
antennae  and  the  legs  dull  rufous.  Pubescence  rather  short,  fine  and  dense, 
pale  cinereous,  more  conspicuous  on  the  abdomen,  less  so  on  the  head  and 
thorax.  Head  slightly  transverse,  slightly  narrower  than  the  thorax,  convex, 
prominences  moderately  strong;  punctures  rather  coarse,  very  dense  and  evenly 
distributed  but  distinct,  separated  by  slightly  more  than  their  diameters;  eyes 
large,  rather  strongly  convex ;  tempora  less  prominent,  broadly  rounded,  one 
half  the  diameter  of  the  eye;  antennae  slender,  feebly  and  gradually  incrassate, 
not  reaching  the  base  of  the  thorax,  third  joint  three  fourths  the  length  of  the 
second,  the  latter  twice  as  long  as  wide,  fourth  scarcely  elongate,  fifth  dis- 
tinctly so,  ninth  and  tenth  slightly  transverse.  Thorax  one  fifth  wider  than 
long,  widest  at  apical  third  where  it  is  three  fourths  the  width  of  the  elytra, 
sides  rather  broadly  rounded  anteriorly,  nearly  straight  and  convergent  pos- 
teriorly, base  nearly  four  fifths  the  width  of  the  apex ;  discal  impressions 
moderately  distinct,  more  or  less  interrupted  at  middle  ;  punctures  similar  in 
size    to   those    of    the    head,    evenly    distributed,    a    little    more    closely    placed. 


June,  1920.1  NoTMAX  :    CoLKOPTF.RA,    X.    Y.  IS'.I 

Elytra  one  fifth  longer  than  wide,  om-  half  longer  than  the  thorax;  punctures 
nearly  twice  the  size  of  those  on  the  thorax,  separated  by  about  their  diam- 
eters, interspaces  slightly  rugulose,  shining;  strongly  impressed  along  the 
suture  from  base  to  apical  third.  Abdomen  slightly  narrower  than  the  elytra 
at  base,  as  wide  at  the  apex  of  the  fifth  segment ;  surface  reticulate,  very  finely, 
moderately  punctate.     Length,  1.9-2.25  mm. ;  width,  .5-.6  mm.     Seven  specimens. 

This  species  is  an  intermediate  form  between  groups  IV  and  V  of 
Casey's  synopsis.  It  would  be  distinguished  from  dclicaliis  Csy.  by  its 
hirgcr  size,  narrower  thorax,  not  transverse  fourth  antennal  joint. 

Trogophloeus  vespertinus  new  species. 

Form  somewhat  slender,  rather  depressed  ;  ])iceous,  abdomen  Ijlack,  elytra 
somewhat  paler,  three  basal  joints  of  the  antenna:  and  legs  brownish  testa- 
ceous. Pubescence  pale,  fine,  short  and  dense.  Integuments  feebly  shining; 
head,  thorax  and  elytra  \ery  finely,  densely  and  shallowly  punctate  throughout, 
elytra  slightly  more  coarsely  but  no  less  densely.  Head  slightly  transverse, 
scarcely  narrower  than  the  thorax ;  eyes  large  but  only  moderately  convex, 
coarsely  faceted  ;  tempora  slightly  less  prominent,  broadly  rounded,  one  half 
the  diameter  of  the  eye ;  frontal  prominences  strong,  antenna:  reaching  the 
base  of  the  thorax,  somewhat  stout,  second  joint  as  long  as  the  next  two  and 
much  stouter,  fourth  joint  slightly  transverse,  fifth  larger,  quadrate,  sixth  to 
tenth  distinctly  transverse,  tenth  one  third  wider  than  long.  Thorax  one  fourth 
wider  than  long,  widest  at  apical  third  where  it  is  just  perceptibly  narrower 
than  the  elytra,  sides  rounded  in  front,  nearly  straight  and  convergent  behind, 
base  slightly  narrower  than  the  apex;  discal  impression  well  marked,  distinctly 
divided ;  apical  angles  obtuse  but  distinct,  basal  rounded.  Elytra  scarcely 
longer  than  wide,  one  third  longer  than  the  thorax,  scarcely  impressed  along 
the  suture  at  base.  Abdomen  as  wide  as  the  elytra  at  base,  slightly  wider  to 
the  apex  of  the  fourth  segment  which  is  distinctly  the  widest  part  of  the  body. 
Length,  1.5  mm.;  width,  .35  mm.     Two  spccinwns. 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  from  T.  volans  by  its  smaller 
size,  stouter  antenna;  and  wider  abdomen.  The  thorax  and  elytra 
are  narrower  than  in  T.  inccrtiis  Csy.  or  dclicatiis  Csy.  to  which  it  is 
evidently  related. 

Bledius  fracticornis  Payk. 

The  specimens  at  hand  agree  exactly  with  European  examples. 
B.  (Iccct^livKS  Fall  is  closely  related  to  this  species  and  perhaps 
.synonymous  with  it.  It  has  not  been  recorded  heretofore  from  North 
America. 


190  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xx\'iii 

Stenus  fulvoguttatus  luw  species. 

Form  somewhat  rol)ust.  Pubescence  \ery  short,  distinctly  visible  only  on 
the  abdomen  :  color  whitish.  Head  large,  twice  as  wide  as  long ;  interocular 
surface  strongly  depressed,  twice  the  width  of  the  eye,  median  convexity  broad 
but  narrower  than  the  lateral  declivities ;  punctures  of  moderate  size,  sepa- 
rated by  about  one  half  their  diameters;  ocular  lines  meeting  at  three  lengths 
in  advance  ;  antennse  longer  than  the  width  of  the  head,  very  slender  ;  third 
joint  nearly  as  long  as  the  next  two,  four  to  seven  decreasing  very  slowly  in 
length,  seven  very  elongate,  eight  one  half  longer  than  wide,  nine  as  wide  as 
long,  shorter  than  the  tenth  and  the  eleventh  which  are  elongate  and  subequal ; 
club  only  moderately  thick' :  i)alpi  rufo-testaceous,  last  joint  somewhat  infuscate 
at  apex.  Thorax  widest  at  middle  where  it  is  three  fourths  the  width  of  the 
head  and  about  as  wide  as  long ;  not  very  strongly  arcuate  in  front,  rather 
deeply  sinuate  posteriorly  ;  the  apex  slightly  narrower  than  the  base  ;  punctures 
coarse  and  very  close, '  separated  by  less  than  half  their  diameters;  median 
canaliculation  distinct  from  base  to  apex,  very  strong  in  middle  third  where 
the  disk  is  somewhat  swollen  cither  side.  Elytra  slightly  narrower  than  the 
head  at  base,  about  as  wide  at  the  widest  where  they  are  as  wide  as  long,  suture 
a  little  longer  than  the  thorax  ;  sides  arcuate  and  slightly  divergent,  apex  mod- 
erately emarginate ;  punctvires  coarser  than  those  on  the  thorax,  polygonally 
crowded  along  the  suture  and  apically ;  disk  distinctly  impressed  on  the  suture 
at  base  and  laterally  ;  a  small  fulvous  spot  on  the  center  of  each  just  behind 
the  middle.  Abdomen  narrower  than  the  elytra  at  base,  rather  rapidly  de- 
creasing in  width  posteriorly,  basal  segments  coarsely  and  closely  punctate, 
fourth  and  fifth  with  the  punctures  much  finer  and  sparser.  Legs  long  and 
slender;  femora  pale  testaceous  at  base,  gradually  darker  apically;  first  joint 
of  the  posterior  tarsi  equal  in  length  to  the  next  three.  Length,  4.5-5  mm. ; 
width,   I   mm.     ,^5.     Two  specimens. 

Male.  Fourth  ventral  abdominal  segment  broadly  and  \-ery  feebly  emar- 
ginate in  median  third,  a  small  subcarinate  tubercle  at  either  end  of  the  emar- 
gination.  Fifth  segment  broadly  subtriangularly  emarginate  in  median  third, 
emargination  about  four  times  as  wide  as  deep  ;  surface  posterior  to  the  emar- 
gination  depressed  for  half  the  length  of  the  segment  bounded  on  either  side 
by  a  carinate  edge  which  is  bluntly  dentiform  at  the  posterior  extremity. 
Sixth  segment  with  a  deep  subtriangular  emargination  as  wide  as  deep  and 
about  one  fourth  the  width  of  the  segment  and  half  its  length.  Seventh  seg- 
ment truncate  at  apex  with  an  acute  tooth  at  either  side. 
Female.     Ventral  segments  unmodified. 

This  species  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  others  of  the  group 
by  the  form  of  the  thoracic  canaHculation.  From  S.  semicolon  Lee, 
which  it  most  closely  resembles,  it  may  be  also  distinguished  by  its 
larger  size  and  much  longer  and  more  slender  antennae.  The  thoracic 
canaliculation  is  like  that  of  the  palsearctic  ^.  himacidatus  Gyll.,  but 


Tune,  1920.]  XOTMAN  :    CoLF.OPTF.RA.    X.    Y.  191 

the  head  in  tlie  latter  species  is  smaller,  less  transverse  and  the  median 
interocular  convexity  much  hroader. 

Stenus  edax  new  species. 

Form  slislitly  rolnist.  Pubescence  short  cinereous,  conspicuous  only  on 
the  abdomen.  Head  moderate  in  size,  twice  as  wide  as  lonjj;  interocular  sur- 
face two  and  two  thirds  times  the  width  of  an  eye;  ocular  lines  meeting  at 
about  one  lensith  in  advance,  sulcations  distinct,  the  intermediate  convexity 
narrower  than  the  lateral  portions,  evenly  convex :  punctures  moderately 
coarse,  evenly,  closely  distributed,  somewhat  polygonal,  a  small  smooth  spot 
at  the  anterior  end  of  the  convexity;  antenna?  short  not  as  long  as  the  width 
of  the  head,  black  throughout,  the  club  composed  of  five  joints,  the  ninth 
narrower  than  the  tenth  which  is  as  long  as  the  last,  the  eighth  large  and  dis- 
tinctly trans\erse,  the  seventh  slightly  elongate  and  much  thickened  at  apex  ; 
the  funicular  joints  short,  three  to  six  decreasing  rapidly  in  length,  three 
scarcely  shorter  than  the  next  two.  Palpi  rather  short,  entirely  black.  Thorax 
widest  slightly  before  the  middle  where  it  is  very  slightly  longer  than  wide  and 
about  four  fifths  the  width  of  the  head ;  disk  somewhat  flattened  and  the  sides 
compressed  making  a  rather  vague  longitudinal  ridge  cither  side,  intervening 
surface  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  very  slightly  concave,  median  canaliculation 
very  fine,  scarcely  impressed,  extending  from  base  to  apical  fifth  ;  punctures 
close,  coarse,  even  throughout,  a  more  or  less  distinct  whorl  on  the  middle  of 
the  disk.  Elytra  at  base  just  perceptibly  wider  than  the  head,  conjointly  as 
wide  as  long,  the  sides  very  slightly  divergent  and  arcuate,  the  humeri  very 
prominent,  the  suture  about  a  fifth  longer  than  the  thorax,  the  surface  some- 
what undulated,  the  punctures  very  close  and  strongly  canaliculated,  isolated 
punctures  not  discernible;  whorl  entirely  behind  the  middle.  Abdomen  slightly 
narrower  than  the  elytra  at  base,  gradually  and  rapidly  decreasing  in  width 
posteriorly,  evenly,  rather  coarsely  and  closely  punctate  throughout,  punc- 
tures slightly  finer  and  sparser  on  the  fifth  segment.  Transverse  carinie  tri- 
cusped,  the  middle  cusp  long,  subcarinate.  Legs  entirely  black;  fourth  tarsal 
joint  simple,  first  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  as  long  as  the  next  three,  as  long 
as  the  fifth.     Length,  3.7  mm. ;  width,   i   mm.     9.     One  speciiiu  n. 

Male.     Unknown. 

Female.     Sixth  ventral  segment  strongly  rounded  at  apex. 

This  species  seems  distinct  from  S.  laccof>liiliis  Csy.  hy  its  an- 
tennal  structure,  general  proportions  and  rapidly  narrowed  ahdomen. 

Stenus  perexilis  new  species. 

Form  very  slendi-r  and  parallel.  Puluscence  fine,  short,  cinereous,  longer 
and  denser  on  the  abdonun  though  not  very  conspicuous.  Head  large,  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  interocular  surface  slightly  more  than  twice  the  width  of  the 
eye,  ocular  lines  meeting  at  two  lengths  in  advance;  sulcations  very  feeble,  the 


192  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [VoI.  xxviii. 

median  convexity  not  at  all  evident  ;  punctures  moderate  in  size,  evenly  dis- 
tributed, separated  by  about  half  their  diameters,  interspaces  feebly  shining; 
antennae  long  and  slender,  very  distinctly  longer  than  the  width  of  the  head  ; 
black;  joints  three  to  six  decreasing  very  slowly  in  length,  three  but  little 
longer  than  four ;  seventh  elongate,  enlarged  apically,  eighth  globular,  not 
wider;  club  distinct  but  not  strong.  Thorax  widest  at  apical  third  where  it  is 
three  fourths  the  width  of  the  head  and  one  third  longer  than  wide ;  sides 
feebly  arcuate  and  convergent  anteriorly,  slightly  more  convergent  and  feebly 
sinuate  posteriorly  ;  apex  arcuate,  slightly  wider  than  the  base  which  is  less 
distinctly  arcuate ;  surface  even,  feebly  shining,  punctures  of  moderate  size, 
very  dense,  a  fine  and  rather  faint  median  canaliculation  extending  from  the 
base  to  a  little  before  the  middle.  Elytra  conjointly  one  fourth  longer  than 
wide,  widest  at  the  middle  where  it  is  exactly  the  width  of  the  head  ;  apex 
feebly  emarginate,  as  wide  as  the  base,  sides  feebly  arcuate,  suture  one  sixth 
longer  than  the  thorax ;  punctures  larger  than  those  of  the  thorax,  very  dense 
and  canaliculated,  without  whorls.  Abdomen  slightly  narrower  than  the  elytra 
at  base,  scarcely  perceptibly  narrower  to  the  apex  of  the  fifth  segment ;  trans- 
verse carinre  four  cusped,  punctures  finer  than  those  of  the  thorax,  rather 
dense,  but  slightly  less  so  on  the  fifth  segment.  Legs  black,  fourth  joint  of 
the  tarsi  simple,  first  joint  of  the  posterior  tarsi  not  as  long  as  the  next  two, 
shorter  than  the  fifth.  Length  3.25  mm. ;  width,  .65  mm.  One  specimen. 
Female.     L'nknown. 

This  species  is  related  to  S.  colonns  Er.  It  is  more  slender  and  the 
head  is  larger.  The  thoracic  canalictilation  places  it  in  the  preceding 
group  of  Casey's  synopsis  with  those  having  four  cusped  al)doininal 
carinje.  It  would  he  distinguished  from  iiiilifaris  hy  its  elongate 
thorax  and  form. 

Scopaeus  quadriceps  Ntm. 

Elorida  specimens  answering  to  the  description  of  ^.  luacilcntus 
Csy.  were  found  in  some  material  recently  identified  hy  the  author 
for  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  The  species  is  quite 
distinct  from  the  above. 

Pelurga  luridipennis  Mann. 

A  specimen  in  the  material  at  hand  is  practically  indistinguishable 
from  a  European  example  of  the  above  species  except  by  its  small 
size — 2  mm.  It  is  somewhat  immature  and  is  possibly  merely  a 
dwarfed  form.  Ganglbauer  states  that  the  species  is  found  through- 
out Europe  and  on  the  island  of  Madeira  so  that  its  presence  in  North 
America  would  not  be  surprising. 


.lunc,  I920.]  NOTMAX:    CoLKOPTF-RA,    N.    Y.  193 

Daya  (Pluisnwtd)  ingratula  (sy. 

This  species  was  described  from  !\Iississii)j)i.  The  specimen  at 
hand  ag-rees  so  perfectly  with  the  description  tlicro  seems  no  possi- 
liility  of  doiihtint;-  the  indentification  tliouj^li  its  i)resence  in  New 
York  is  soniewliat  suri)risin,g. 

Metaxya  (flygra-cia)  magniceps  Salil. 

A  large  series  in  the  material  at  hand  agrees  very  closely  with 
Ganglbauer's  description  of  the  above  species.  Comparison  has  also 
been  made  with  a  si)ecimen  of  the  closely  allied  luiropean  species 
(H)  dcbilis  Er.  which  differs  by  its  pale  antenna*.  ( // )  )iia(/iiiccps  is 
known  from  Finland  and  Germany. 

Oxypoda   (Pcmosoma)   schaefferi  new  species. 

Form  slightly  robust  and  distinctly  fiisoid,  moderately  convex,  feebly  shin- 
ing; color  black,  thorax,  elytra,  lej^s  and  antennre  piceous,  the  basal  joints  of 
the  antcnn.-e  not  paler;  tarsi  somewhat  paler.  Head,  thorax  and  elytra  strongly 
alutaceous ;  punctures  fine,  shallow,  umbilicate  on  the  thorax,  aspcrulate  on 
the  elytra,  separated  by  twice  their  diameters ;  abdomen  imbricate-reticulate. 
punctures  asperate,  sparser  on  the  fifth  segment  :  pubescence  somewhat  fine, 
equally  dense  throughout.  Head  transverse,  rounded,  slightly  more  than  one 
half  the  width  of  the  thorax;  eyes  scarcely  prominent,  rather  large,  at  slightly 
less  than  their  own  diameters  from  the  base;  the  tempora  slightly  divergent, 
infralatcral  carinse  very  strong,  entire;  antennae  about  reaching  the  base  of 
the  thorax,  somewhat  stout  but  not  strongly  incrassate,  second  joint  slightly 
longer  than  the  first,  distinctly  longer  than  the  third,  fourth  slightly  transverse, 
outer  joints  very  gradually  larger  and  more  transverse,  tenth  three  fifths  wider 
than  long,  terminal  joint  obtusely  pointed  at  apex,  as  long  as  the  two  pre- 
ceding. Thorax  scarcely  one  half  wider  than  long,  widest  slightly  behind  the 
middle,  sides  strongly  convergent  and  nearly  straight  anteriorly,  feebly  arcuate 
and  subparallel  posteriorly;  base  rounded,  posterior  angles  completely  rounded, 
disk  indistinctly  biimpressed  at  base.  Elytra  scarcely  as  wide  as  the  thorax  at 
base,  distinctly  wider  at  apex,  sides  straight  and  distinctly  divergent,  con- 
jointly about  one  fourth  wider  than  long,  suture  slightly  longer  than  the 
thorax,  sinuses  rather  strong.  Abdomen  slightly  narrower  than  the  elytra  at 
base,  feebly  narrowed  posteriorly  (excluding  the  margins).  Rasal  joint  of  the 
posterior  tarsi  nearly  as  long  as  the  next  three  combined.  Length  1.75  mm.; 
width.  .75  mm.     Two  specimens. 

This  species  is  very  close  to  the  Kuro])ean  O.  ( nciiiosomu)  ntgi- 
coUis  Kr.  The  thorax  is  slightly  more  shining,  the  sides  in  front 
straighter,  the  elvtra  are  longer  and  the  legs  and  antcnn;e  are  dark. 


194  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    [Vol.  xxviii. 

It  seems  to  l)e  different  from  tlie  species  described  by  Casey.    O.  vctnla 
from  New  Jersey  probably  belongs  to  a  different  subgenus. 

Typophorus  canellus  Fabr.,  scutellaris  new  variety. 

Black,  head  rufous  with  the  occiput  and  a  large  spot  on  the  front  black  ; 
legs  with  the  tibire  and  tarsi  rufous  ;  narrow  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax,  a 
large  elongate  scutellar  spot  and  the  narrow  apical  margin  of  the  elytra  rufous. 
One  specimen. 


PROCEEDINGS   OF  THE  NEW  YORK  ENTOMO- 
LOGICAL SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  February   17. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held  at 
8  P.M.  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Vice-president  John  D. 
Sherman,  Jr.,  in  the  chair,  with  nineteen  members  present,  and  President  L.  B. 
Woodruff  later  in  the  evening.  One  visitor,  Mr.  Emerson,  of  British  Guiana, 
was  also  present. 

Mr.  Dickerson  read  a  paper  on  "  Miscellaneous  Insects  of  the  Evening 
Primrose  "  which  will  be  printed  later. 

On  motion  by  Dr.  Lutz  it  was  voted  to  publish  plates  for  this  paper  at  the 
expense  of  the  Society. 

,  Mr.  Nicolay  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Species  of  Taphroccrus  and  Pachy- 
scelus,"  exhibiting  his  collection  and  that  of  Mr.  Leng.  He  also  called  atten- 
tion to  an  entomological  illustration  in  "  Ladies'  Home  Journal." 

Mr.  Sherman  spoke,  in  connection  with  popular  entomology,  of  the  product 
of  the  Savage  Northrup  Animated  Toy  Co.,  imitating  beetles. 

Dr.  Bequaert  read  a  paper,  "  Some  Remarks  on  North-American  Cono- 
pids,"  reviewing  the  classification,  distribution,  and  life  haljits,  calling  atten- 
tion especially  to  the  lack  of  definite  knowledge  of  the  habits  of  Stylogasfcr. 

Mr.  Davis  spoke  of  the  contents  of  a  red-eyed  vireo's  nest  found  February 
14,  where,  with  two  grains  of  corn  beneath  the  old  leaves,  reposed  Euschistns 
variolarius. 

Meeting  of  March  2. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held  at 
8  P.M.,  on  March  2,  1920,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  Presi- 
dent L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with  twenty-six  members  and  four  visitors 
present. 

Mr.  Davis  donated  $100.00  to  the  Society's  fund,  which  amount  on  motion 
by  Dr.  Lutz  was  added  to  the  Permanent  Fund,  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr. 
Davis. 

Mr.  E.  A.  Smith,  2  Arden  St.,  New  York  City,  was  nominated  by  Mr. 
Watson  for  active  membership. 


June,  19-0.]  ProCKKDINGS    OK    THE    SOCIETY.     \  195 

Dr.  Lutz  spoke  on  "  A  Collecting  Trip  in  Colorado,"  illustrating  his  re- 
marks with  a  topographic  sketch  of  the  State  and  with  many  photographs 
shown  on  the  screen  by  the  projectiscope.  He  pointed  out  that  the  environ- 
mental factor  was  often  overlooked  in  distribution  data;  and  that  his  object 
had  in  part  been  to  correct  this  for  Colorado,  a  State  in  which,  from  its  high 
mountains.  Boreal  and  Transition  zones  occurred  interrupted  by  four  Sonoran 
areas  as  shown  in  Biological  Survey  of  Colorado  by  Merritt  Cary  (Xo.  Amer- 
ican Fauna  No.  33,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agl.  Washington,  191 1). 

In  carrying  out  this  object,  between  June  3rd  and  August  20th,  29  dif- 
ferent stations  for  collecting  were  established,  including  Lamar,  Springfield, 
Regnier.  Trinidad,  W'alsenburg,  Alamosa,  Bondad,  Mesa  Verde,  Ridgeway, 
Grand  Junction,  Denver  and  Wray  in  the  Sonoran;  Monte  Vista,  Durango, 
Mancos,  Rifle,  Meeker,  Glenwood  Springs  and  Boulder  in  more  or  less  Transi- 
tion areas ;  South  Fork,  Pagosa  Springs  in  more  markedly  Transition  and 
Continental  Divide,  Electra  Lake,  Telluride,  Ouray,  Aspen,  Tennessee  Pass, 
Leadville  and  Ward  in  the  more  elevated  Canadian  and  Hudsonian  zones.  The 
elevation  at  which  .the  cooler  zones  occur  are  greater  on  the  southwestern 
slopes  than  on  the  northeastern,  so  that  the  Transition  begins  at  about  5,600 
feet  in  one  case,  but  not  until  7,800  feet  is  reached  in  the  other. 

Dr.  Lutz  traced  the  distribution  of  certain  species  of  Boinbus  in  par- 
ticular and  showed  specimens  of  the  flowers  and  trees  as  well  as  the  insects, 
closing  by  pointing  out  that  though  500,000  specimens  with  ecological  data  had 
been  gathered  in  the  last  ten  years,  they  were  only  samples  from  selected 
places  ;  and  every  group  worked  up  by  members  become  stones  in  the  bridge 
from  hazy  notions  to  more  perfect  knowledge  of  distribution,  the  Museum  was 
trying  to  build. 

Mr.  Shoemaker  exhibited  "  Miscellaneous  Beetles  taken  last  Summer  " 
principally  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  on  Slide  Mountain  in  the  Catskill  Moun- 
tains, the  latter  including  a  number  of  northern  forms.  Mr.  Hallinan  spoke  of 
the  Lepidoptera  of  Panama,  particularly  in  reference  to  migration. 

Dr.  Bequaert  commended  the  minute  details  accumulated  on  the  migration 
of  swarms  of  tropical  butterflies. 

Mr.  .\hgell  si)oke  of  winter  collecting  of  longhorns  on  hickory  fire  wood. 


NEW    YORK    ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIETY 

Organized  June   29,  1892. — iRCorjiorated  June  7,  1893. 


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(except  June,  July,  August  and  September)  at  8  P.  M.,  in  the  American  Museum  or 
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Annual  dues  for  Active  Members,  33.00. 

Members  of  the  Society  will  please  remit  their  annual  dues,  payable  in  January,  to 
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OflBicers  for  the  Year  1920. 

President,  L.  B.  WOODRUFF 14  East  68th  Street,  New  York, 

Vice-President,  JOHN  D.   SHERMAN,  Jr Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

Secretary,  CHAS.  W.  LENG       33  Murray  St.,  New  York. 

Tr^rtyMr/r,  WM.  T.  r>AVIS  .    .        .    .  146  Stuyvesant  Place^  New  Brighton 

Staten  Island,  X.  \ 

Z^i/J'-rt'tiff,  FRANK  E.   WATSON American  Museum  of  Natural  History 

New  York 

Curator,  A  J.   MUTCHLER.    .    .  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 
EXECUTIVE     COMMITTEE. 

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PUBLICA  TION    COMMITTf.  E 

F.  E.   LuTZ,  W.  P.  CoMSTOCK,  .  Howard  Notman, 

Chas.  Schaeffer. 

auditing  committee. 

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FIELD     COMMITTEE 

A.^S.  N1C01.AV,  Jos.  Bequaert. 

DELEGATE   TO   THE  N.   Y.  ACADEMY  OF  SCIESCES    '  "' 

Wii.i.iAM  T.  Davis. 


vJOURisr  Ax^ 


OK  THE 


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Nos.  3  and  4. 


J  OU  RN AL 


OF    THE 


NEW  YORK 


Entomological  Society 


H)evote&  to  JEntomoloav  in  (General. 


AN  2 1  T921 


SEPT.-DEC,  1920. 

Edited  !)>•  HO\V.\RD  NOTMAX 

Publication  Committer. 
Howard  Notman  K.  E.  Lotz. 

\V.  P.  CoMSTocK.  Charles  Schaeffkr. 

Published   Quarterly    by    the   Society. 
LANCASTER,   I'A.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

1920. 

[  Knirfi  Apiil  31,  1^04,  ;it  I-T'Ca»ler,  Pa... is  second-class  matter   iiniler  Act  ol  Congress  ol  July  if-,  iS,4  ] 

THE  NEW  EUA  PBINT 


CONTENTS 


The    Beetles    of   the    Family  Cupedidae    of  America  north  of 

Mexico.      By  Geo.  W.  Barber,  and  Wm.  0.  Ellis         I97 

New  Species  of  Serica.     ( Scarabaeidae. )     III.     By  r.  w.  Dawson  208 
Further  Notes  on    the  Membracid    Genus    Ophiderma  Fairm. 

(Hemip.-Homop.)      By  Lewis  B.  Woodruff    .  212 

Notes  on  the  Crambinae.     (Lepidoptera  ).     By  w.  t.  M.  Forbes     .    214 

Miscellaneous  Notes  and  Records  of  Local  Lepidoptera  with  the 

Description  of  a  New  Form.     By  Frank  e.  Watson 227 

Winter  Collecting  Notes  on  Florida  Rhopalocera.     By  E.  L.  Bei x  .    235 

General  Notes  on  the  Lepidoptera  of  the  Canal  Zone,  Isthmus  of 

Panama.      By  Thomas  Hai.linan      238 

Book  Reviews.      By  Wm,  T.  Davis 239 

Proceedings  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society     ...  241 


JOURNAL 


jOfto  ]9oFk  ^in^omologiral  %nMi. 


Vol.  XXVIII.        Septembek-Dixember,  1920.        Nos.  3and4. 


THE  BEETLES  OF  THE  FAMILY  CUPEDID^  OF 
AMERICA,  NORTH  OF  MEXICO. 

By  Geo.  W.  Barrer  and  Wm.  O.  Ellis, 
Cereal  and  Forage  Division, 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
Arlington,  Mass. 

The  members  of  the  family  Cupedidce  are  undoubtedly  among  the 
most  remarkable  and  rare  of  the  Coleoptera  known  to  occur  m  Amer- 
ica, north  of  Mexico.  They  are  especially  remarkable  because  of 
their  peculiar  tuberculate  character  and  the  grotesque  sculpturing  of 
their  bodies.  Two  taxonomic  papers  dealing  with  the  American 
species  of  the  family  have  been  published: 
LeConte — "  On  the  Cupesidse  of  North  America,"   in  Trans.  Amer. 

Entom.  Soc,  V,  1874,  pp.  87-88. 
Casey — ""  Synopsis  of  the  genus  Citpcs  "  in  Ann.  X.  Y.  Acad.  Sci..  IX, 

1897,  pp.  637-638. 

Five  species  of  the  family  Cupedidas  have  been  described  from  our 
territory,  four  of  which  have  been  held  to  be  distinct  wliile  the  fifth. 
Cupcs  ocitlatiis  Casey  (13),  has  been  reduced  to  the  rank  of  a  variety 
by  Blatchley  (24).  After  carefully  reviewing  the  facts,  however, 
the  writers  believe  that  ocnlatus  has  good  specific  characters  and  it  is 
here  considered  as  a  distinct  species,  the  reasons  being  enumerated 
hereafter. 

Three   of  the   .\mcrican    species   have   never  been   figured.     This 

197 


198  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii, 

need  the  writers  have  herewith  endeavored  to  supply  at  the  same  time 
including  keys  and  the  original  descriptions  of  the  genera  and  species 
together  with  some  notes  on  the  distribution. 

The  relationship  of  the  Cupedidae  to  the  other  groups  of  Coleoptera 
has  long  been  disputed  among  systematists  and  the  position  of  the 
family  is  still  uncertain. 

LeConte  and  Horn  (12)  have  been  followed  by  most  American 
students,  including  Blatchley  (24),  in  placing  the  family  in  the  Serri- 
cornia.  It  has  remained  for  Brues  and  Melander  (28)  to  bring  to 
the  attention  of  the  American  student  the  newer  and  more  correct 
viewpoint  of  the  European  Coleopterists  in  the  relationships  of 
groups,  and  apparently  they  have  followed  Ganglbauer  (18)  more 
closely. 

Sharp  (22)  has  plafed  the  Cupedidae  in  the  Polymorpha  associated 
with  the  Cucujidae  but,  as  Gahan  (26)  has  pointed  out,  his  arrange- 
ment of  the  Coleoptera  was  evidently  not  formulated  with  any  par- 
ticular regard  to  the  phylogeny  of  the  groups. 

Doubtless  the  most  comprehensive  treatise  on  the  subject  has 
been  published  by  Gahan  (26)  in  which  he  treats  of  the  results  of 
the  studies  of  Ganglbauer  (18),  Lameere  (14  and  19),  and  Kolbe 
(16  and  20),  in  their  attempts  to  classify  the  Coleoptera.  He  shows 
that  the  more  recent  work  of  these  systematists  has  resulted  in  the 
placing  of  the  Cupedidae,  as  follows: 

Ganglbauer  (18)  placed  the  Cupedidae  in  the  Adephaga,  believing 
them  to  be  a  more  modified  family  of  that  group; 

Lameere  (19)  placed  the  Cupedidce  in  the  Cupediformia  of  the 
Adephaga,  believing  them  to  be  Adephaga  of  the  most  prim- 
itive type; 

Kolbe  (16)  placed  the  Cupedidae  in  the  Adephaga,  but  later  (20)  re- 
moved the  family  to  the  Heterophaga  or  Polyphaga,  erecting 
the  division  Symphyogastra  for  their  reception. 

Gahan  (26)  does  not  clearly  commit  himself  as  to  where  he  believes 
the  family  should  be  placed,  but  a  careful  study  of  his  work  shows 
that  he  undoubtedly  would  place  the  family  in  the  Adephaga  and 
would  probably  follow  Ganglbauer  (18)  most  closely. 

Kolbe  (Gahan  (26),  p.  124)  has  shown  that  the  wing  venation  of 
the  Cupedidae  is  nearer  to  the  original  type  than  all  other  Coleoptera. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.I       BaRHER   AND   ElLIS  :   TlIE   FAMILY   CUPEDID^.  199 

Ganglbauer  (i8)  for  this  reason,  and  because  the  sternites  and 
pleurae  of  the  second  abdominal  segment  are  completely  fused  with 
those  of  the  third,  considers  the  group  a  more  modified  family  of  the 
Adephaga.  Gahan  (25  and  26,  p.  166)  gives  as  an  additional  reason 
in  support  of  this  disposition  of  the  family  that  there  is  a  suture  on 
each  side  of  the  prothorax  between  the  notum  and  the  pleurae,  a  con- 
dition met  with  only  in  the  Adephaga. 

Gahan  (26,  p.  247)  has  shown  that  Lameere  was  mistaken  in  be- 
lieving that  the  second  and  third  abdominal  segments  are  entirely 
separate  which  was  his  reason  for  considering  the  family  the  most 
primitive  of  the  Adephaga. 

Because  of  the  complete  fusion  of  the  sternites  and  pleurae  of  the 
second  and  third  abdominal  segments,  Kolbe  (20)  removed  the  family 
from  the  Adephaga  and  placed  it  in  the  Polyphaga  but  Gahan  (25 
and  26,  p.  166)  has  shown  an  additional  reason,  as  stated  previously, 
why  this  should  not  be  done. 

With  the  description  and  figuring  of  the  larvae  and  ])upx  of  Cupcs 
concolor  Westw.,  Snyder  (27),  the  subject  is  anything  but  cleared 
and  Gahan's  (26)  opinion  will  perhaps  be  reversed. 

Lameere  (Gahan  (26),  p.  166)  believed  that  the  larvae  live  in 
wood  and  are  of  the  cruciform  type.  Snyder  (27)  has  shown  that 
the  larvae  are  of  the  eruciform  type  and  do  live  in  wood;  in  fact,  they 
greatly  depart  from  the  campodeiform  type,  and  he  states  that  the 
legs  are  five-segmented  with  a  single  claw,  approaching  somewhat 
larvae  of  the  Lymexilonidae  in  appearance.  These  characters  are,  in- 
deed, widely  different  from  the  campodeiform  larvae  with  six-seg- 
mented legs  and  tarsi  with  two  claws  that  are  found  in  the  Adephaga,. 
although  Gahan  has  shown  here  that  one  exception  is  now  known  in 
Adephagan  larvae  in  the  family  Paussidae  which  Dr.  Boving  describes, 
as  having  only  five  segments  in  each  leg. 

We  must,  if  we  are  to  admit  that  the  two  suborders,  Adephaga 
and  Polyphaga,  are  the  true  major  divisions  of  the  Coleoptera,  weigh 
these  points  very  carefully  in  deciding  the  position  that  the  Cupedidiie 
should  hold.    The  characters  may  be  summed  up  as  follows : 


200  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii, 

CUPEDID/E. 
Adephaga.  Polyphaga. 

Wing    venation    of    the    first    type  Sternites  and  pleurae  of  the  second 

(Gahan,  26,  p.  124).  A  suture  on  abdominal  segment  completely  fused 
each  side  of  the  prothorax  between  with  the  third  (Gahan,  26,  p.  247). 
the  notum  and  pleurae  (Gahan,  26,  p.  Habits  of  the  larvae.  Larvje  eruci- 
166).  form,  widely  departing  from  the  cam- 

podeiform  type.  Larvae  with  legs  of 
five  segments — tarsi  with  a  single 
claw    (Snyder,  2-j'). 

Shall  we,  therefore,  in  view  of  these  characters,  consider  the 
Cupedidre — 

1.  As  a  modified  famil}-  of  the  Adephaga,  as  Gangll^auer  and  Gahan 

contend  ? 

2.  As  a  distinct  subdivision  of  the  Polyphaga,  nearly  approaching  the 

Adephaga  as  Kolbe  considered  them,  or 

3.  As  holding  a  position  between  the  Adephaga  and  the  Polyphaga, 

having  important  characters  of  each  of  these  suborders  and 
indicating  a  more  direct  descent  from  the  original  Coleopteron? 
The  wing  venation  would  seem  to  indicate  that  this  might  be 
true. 

The  writers  are  more  inclined  to  agree  with  Kolbe  (20)  in  plac- 
ing this  family  in  the  Polyphaga,  for  if  we  are  correct  in  believing 
that  only  beetles  having  the  campodeiform  type  of  larva  should  be 
placed  in  the  Adephaga,  then  the  Cupedidse  are  widely  different,  not- 
withstanding the  wing  venation  and  the  suture  on  each  side  of  the 
prothorax  between  the  notum  and  pleurae. 

To  be;  sure,  Dr.  Boving's  discovery  of  an  exception  to  the  six- 
segmented  leg  of  the  Adephaga  in  the  Paussidae  would  tend  to  show 
that  the  Cupedidae  might  not  be  excluded  from  that  group  by  that 
reason  alone. 

If  the  Coleoptera  are  really  to  be  arranged  with  regard  to  the 
true  phylogeny  of  groups  much  and  exhaustive  study  will  have  to  be 
made  on  the  ontogeny  of  the  species.  This  knowledge  at  present  is 
so  manifestly  inadequate  in  most  families  that  a  grouping  in  accord- 
ance with  true  racial  relationships  is  usually  impossible.  Notwith- 
standing, it  is  the  .only  permanent  basis  and  the  one  which  should  be 
kept   constantly   in  mind.     Therefore,   until   our   information  on   the 


Scpt.-Dec,  1920.1     Barber  and  Ellis:  The  Family  Cupedid.e.         201 

life-history  and  the  bionomics  of  the  species  herein  concerned  is  more 
ample  it  seems  correct  to  place  the  CupedidiE  in  the  Polyphaga,  in  the 
position  Kolbe  has  suggested  for  its  retention. 

Immature  Stages. 

Snyder  (27)  has  recently  pul)li.shcd  descriptions  and  fifjurcs  of 
the  larva?  and  pupae  of  Ciipcs  concolor  and  has  thereby  filled  a  long 
felt  need. 

The  larv?e  were  found  excavating  longitudinal  burrows  in  solid, 
but  decaying  chestnut  (telegraph  pole)  and  oak  (trestle  timbers). 
The  following  is  Mr.  Snyder's  cliaractcrization  of  the  larva;  and 
pupse  of  Cupcs  concolor  Westw. 

"  The  lar\  a  is  23.5  mm.  in  length,  white,  elongate  and  subcylindrical. 
Body  gradually  broadening  from  the  sixth  to  the  eighth  abdominal  segment, 
ninth  abdominal  segment  conical,  with  numerous  long  hairs  on  sides,  armed 
with  more  heavily  chitinized  sharp  tubercles,  being  produced  to  a  narrow, 
heavily  chitinized  cylindrical  anal  process;  anal  process  widening  at  apex,  tip 
concave.  Pleural  ridge  on  all  abdominal  segments.  Prothorax  prominent, 
approaching  the  characteristic  dilation  of  Eiipsalis  and  Lymexilonid  larvae, 
broader  than  head  and  other  thoracic  segments.  Prosternum  broad,  flat,  armed 
with  numerous  chitinized  asperities.  Legs  5-jointed,  excluding  claw;  first 
joint  large,  flattened,  fleshy  lobe.  Labium  with  hairs  on  anterior  portion. 
Antennae  4-jointed.  Maxillae  with  all  three  parts  distinct;  lacinia  thick  and 
fleshy,  with  long  hairs  pointing  inward  on  anterior  portion,  palpi  3-jointed ; 
galea  2-jointed.  Labium  black,  chitinous,  chisel-edged  emarginate,  with 
2-jointed  palpi.  Mandible  lilack,  chitinous  with  largo,  blunt  basal  tooth  and 
3  other  teeth. 

"Pupa  is  11.5  mm.  in  length,  white,  body  somewhat  flattened,  abdominal 
segments  gradually  broadening  :  anal  segment  widest,  conical ;  genitalia  with 
2  lateral,  curved,  chitinous  hooks,  pointing  anteriorly.  Dorsal  carina  running 
the  whole  length  of  the  body,  becoming  more  distinct  toward  the  end  of  the 
abdomen.  -Antenna;  lying  ventrally,  overlapping  the  elytra.  Head  bent  ven- 
trally  at  right  angles  to  prothorax.  First  pair  of  legs  lying  between  other 
pairs." 

Charactkri/.atiox  of  the  1""amii.v. 

Cupesid.T — Lac.   (7);  LeConte  and  Horn   (12);  l^)latch.   (24). 
Cupedid.'e — .-Xlluaud  (15)  ;  Peyerimhoff  (17  and  21)  ;  Gahan  (26). 

Catalogues — Gem.  &  Har.  (9)  ;  Junk  (23). 

The  following  characterization  is  from  LeConte  and  Horn  (12) 
and  Blatchley  (24). 


202         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii, 

"Antennae  ii-jointed,  filiform,  rigid,  inserted  rather  close  together  upon 
the  front ;  the  head  tuberculate,  stretched  out  forward  and  suddenly  constricted 
behind  and  attached  to  the  thorax  by  a  distinct  neck ;  thorax  small,  quadrate, 
the  side  margins  well  defined ;  presternum  well  defined  with  a  slight  point  be- 
hind fitting  into  the  mesosternum ;  elytra  entire,  with  rows  of  large  punctures 
and  intermediate  ribs ;  front  coxae  small,  not  prominent,  their  cavities  trans- 
verse, open  behind ;  mesosternum  with  the  side  pieces  excavated  for  the  middle 
legs ;  hind  coxae  transverse,  flat,  sulcate  behind,  receiving  the  thighs  in  repose  ; 
abdomen  with  five  free  ventral  segments ;  legs  slender,  contractile ;  tibiae  with- 
out terminal  spurs,  tarsi  s-jointed,  spongy  beneath,  their  claws  simple." 

Gahan  (26)  has  shown  that  the  family  should  be  further  char- 
acterized, as  follows : 

A  suture  on  each  side  of  the  prothorax  between  notum  and  the 
pleurae;  sternites  and  pleurae  of  the  second  abdominal  segment  com- 
pletely fused  with  the  third;  wing  venation  of  a  more  or  less  com- 
pletely developed  and  unmodified  state,  the  costa,  subcosta,  radius, 
media,  cubitus  and  analis  present  and  joined  together  by  a  greater 
number  of  transverse  veins  than  are  known  to  occur  elsewhere  in  the 
Coleoptera.  The  anterior  branch  of  the  media  is  a  long  vein  running 
uninterruptedly  almost  from  the  base  to  the  margin  and  is  joined  by 
means  of  two  transverse  veins  with  the  media,  and  by  two  with  the 
posterior  branch  of  the  radius,  which,  itself,  is  joined  to  the  radius 
by  two  transverse  veins.  There  are,  also,  two  transverse  veins  be- 
tween the  cubitus  and  media,  and  two  between  the  cubitus  and  analis. 

Key  to  the  Genera  of  N.  A.  Cupedid.i;. 

Antennae  less  approximate  at  base,  shorter  and  stouter,  scarcely  half  as  long  as 
the  body  ;  eyes  small ;  gular  sutures  distant,  curved  slightly  outwards  ;  double 
row  of  spicula  present  only  on  posterior  half  of  elytral  margin. 

Priacma  Lee. 

Antennae  more  approximate  at  base,  longer,  less  stout,  exceeding  half  length 
of  the  body  ;  eyes  larger ;  gular  sutures  more  approximate,  not  curved  out- 
wards, parallel  or  converging  behind ;  spicula,  if  present,  occupying  the  full 
length  of  the  elytral  margins Cupes   Fabr. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Cupes. 

The  following  key  is  from  Casey   (13). 
Supra-antennal    tumid    surface    rounded    and    convex ;    antennae    shorter ;    tem- 

pora  more  developed  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  usually  smaller. 
Body  black,  the  head  pale  and  ochreous-yellow  in  color;  punctures  of  the 

elytral  series  very  large,  deep  and  quadrate capitatUS  Fabr. 


Sept.-Dec,  1920.1     Barber  AND  Ellis  :  TiiE  Famiia'  Cupedid.^.         203 

Body    ochreoiis,    the    elytra    variegated    with    confused    patches    of    dark 
piceous-brown  ;  punctures  of  the  elytral  series  much   smaller. 

lobiceps  Lee. 
Supra-antennal  tumidity  obliquely  angulate,  the  antennae  more  elongate  ;  tem- 
pora  short,  the  eyes  very  large ;  body  ochreous  in  color,  the  elytra  varie- 
gated with  sublongitudinal  patches  of  a  darker  brown. 
Elytral   series  composed   of  large  approximate  quadrate  punctures. 

concolor  Westw. 

Elytral    series    composed    of    narrow,    elongate    punctures ;    antenna;    less 

elongate oculatus     Casey. 

Priacma  Lee. 

Dr.  LeConte  (10)  characterized  tliis  genus  as  follows: 

"  Since  I  have  seen  the  Australian  genus  Omnia,  I  recognize  in 
Cupcs  scrrata  (Lee.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phila.  1861,  p.  351)  a  dis- 
tinct genus,  intermediate  between  that  and  Cupcs.  From  the  latter  it 
differs  by  the  antennse  less  approximate  at  base,  shorter  and  stouter, 
scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  body,  with  the  joints  triangular  and  nar- 
rower at  the  base,  the  first  as  long  as  but  stouter  than  the  3d.  The 
eyes  are  much  smaller,  though  nearly  smooth;  the  under  surface  of 
the  head  is  quite  different;  gular  sutures  distant,  curved  slightly  out- 
wards, gular  angles  not  porrected,  but  broad  and  truncate ;  mentum 
more  prominent,  maxillre  more  exposed,  maxillary  palpi  longer,  last 
joint  elongate,  cylindrical,  truncate.  These  differences  were  partly 
indicated  by  me  in  the  remarks  appended  to  the  description  of  the 
species.  The  color  is  mottled  gray;  head  with  four  subacute  tubercles, 
but  not  lobed,  front  concave.  Prothorax  nearly  square,  with  front 
angles  prominent ;  elytra  more  convex,  alternate  interspaces  feebly 
convex  and  a  little  uneven;  side  margins  strongly  toothed  towards 
the  tip." 

Priacma  serrata  Lee.  (8). 

■'  Reddish  brown,  marked  irregularly  with  black  variegated  with  gray  and 
black  squamulae ;  front  concave ;  thorax  transverse  with  parallel  sides,  anterior 
angles  acute  and  divergent,  apex  towards  the  middle  broadly  and  slightly  pro- 
jecting, closely  punctuated,  grooved,  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  transversely  im- 
pressed ;  elytra  cylindrical,  serial  foveje  quadrate  and  cancellate,  sides  towards 
the  apex  armed  with  acute  spinulw  in  two  series  ;  eyes  small  ;  antennae  shorter 
than  half  the  length  of  the  body,  ringed  with  ash  and  black  color.  Length 
.43-.82." 


204         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii, 

"  East  of  Fort  Colville,  at  Sinyak  water  depot,  and  at  Camp 
Kootenay,  the  variation  in  size  of  this  remarkable  species  is  very 
great.  Besides  the  spicula  on  the  lateral  margin,  and  on  the  extreme 
inflexed  margin  of  the  elytra,  a  few  are  visible  on  the  7th  interstitial 
line  near  the  tip.  The  blackish  markings  are  scattered  along  the 
interstitial  line  and  a  broad  band  behind  the  middle  is  also  seen." 

We  were  only  able  to  see  three  specimens  of  this  species  in  the 
LeConte  collection,  from  Oregon.  Occurs  also  in  Br.  Col.  and  Cal. 
(Leng.)     Lengths  11. -19.5  and  22  mm. 

Cupes  Fabr. 

Fabr.  (i)  ;  Lac.  (7). 

The  following  is  Fabricius'  description  of  the  genus. 
"  Palpi  four,  equal,  last  segment  thicker,  truncate ;  ligula  short, 
membranaceous,  bifid;  antennae  cylindrical." 

Cupes  capitatus  Fabr. 

Fabr.   (i);   Coqueb.   (2);   Cast.   (5);   Baynes  &  Reed   (n). 

"  Mouth  with  maxillae  and  palpi ;  palpi  four,  equal,  subfiliform,  anterior 
4-jointed,  joints  subequal ;  last  thicker,  truncate,  attached  to  the  back  of  max- 
illa; posterior  3-jointed,  2nd  joint  longer  and  attached  to  the  base  of  the 
ligula ;  mandibles  short,  thick,  bifid  at  the  apex,  outer  division  slender,  filiform, 
inner  broad,  rounded ;  ligula  short  membranaceous,  bifid,  with  divisions  ovate, 
rounded,  distant,  antennae  cylindrical.  Body  elongate,  smooth,  emarginate, 
slender,  black ;"  head  small,  ovate,  projecting,  uneven,  red;  antennae  much 
longer  than  the  thorax,  approximate,  cylindrical,  first  joint  thicker,  black, 
inserted  between  the  eyes ;  eyes  small,  globose,  prominent,  marginal ;  thorax 
flat,  short,  transverse,  unequal,  black,  with  margins  somewhat  projecting,  elytra 
rigid,  fornicate,  sulcate,  ridges  black,  with  raised  punctures  scabrous,  length- 
wise of  abdomen;  legs  short,  compressed,  adapted  to  running,  black;  tarsi 
4-jointed,  reddish." 

Specimens  examined  from  "  Middle  States,"  '"  Gulf  States,"  "  Cen- 
tral Valley  States,"  III,  Mo.,  Md.,  and  Mass.  Occurs  also  in  S.  C, 
Va.,  Tenn.     (Leng.)     Varies  from  7  mm.  to  10.5  mm.  in  length. 

Cupes  lobiceps  Lee.  (10). 

"  Body  elongate,  slender,  pale-gray,  slightly  mottled  with  darker  ;  antennae 
compressed  serrate  for  the  lower  half,  two  thirds  as  long  as  the  body  ;  head 
deeply  channelled  and  transversely  impressed,  thus  dividing  into  two  large 
posterior  tubercles  or  lobes,  and  two  smaller  frontal  ones ;  there  is  also  a 
lateral  lobe  behind  the  eye,  separated  by  a  deep  groove ;  eyes  large ;  prothorax 


Sept.-Dec,    i9::o.]       BaREER   AND   ElLIS  :   ThE   FaMILY   CuPEDID.E.  205 

suddenly  narrowed  in  front,  with  the  sides  strongly  elongated  and  a  large 
median  elevation  which  has  a  deep  rhomboidal  excavation  ;  elytra  with  rows 
of  moderate  sized  quadrate  punctures,  3d  interspace  more  convex,  5th,  6th 
and  -th  forming  an  obtuse  costa,  2d  and  4th  flat.     Length  .45  inch  or  11  mm. 

■'  San  Diego,  Cal.  A  specimen  kindly  given  to  me  by  Mr.  Ulke. 
This  species  resembles  the  figure  of  C.  latrcillei  Solier  (Lacordaire, 
Gen.  Col.  Atlas,  pi.  47,  fig.  2)  in  the  form  of  the  antennae.  It  differs 
conspicuously  from  our  other  species  by  the  large  posterior  lobes  of 
the  head  and  the  different  sculpture  of  the  prothora.x." 

Specimens  seen  from  So.  California.  Occurs  also  in  Ariz. 
(Leng.)     Length  from  8  mm.  to  9.4  mm. 

Cupes  concolor  Westwood. 

Westwood  (3)  ;  Blatchley  (24)  ;  Snyder  (^27). 

cinera  Say. 

Say  (4)  ;  Cast.  (5). 

trilineata  Melsh. 

Melsh.  (6). 

"  Elongate,  slender,  subdepressed.  Pale  brownish  or  ash  gray,  densely 
covered  with  small  scales;  elytra  with  darker  oblong  dashes  or  blotches,  which 
form  three  indistinct  undulated  bands.  Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body. 
Head  with  four  feebly  separated  tubercles,  with  a  narrow  impressed  line  be- 
tween them.  Thorax  wider  than  long,  about  half  the  width  of  elytra ;  disk 
with  a  median  longitudinal  carina  and  a  deep  impression  each  side;  side  mar- 
gins abbreviated  near  the  front  and  hind  angles.  Elytra  with  rows  of  large 
quadrate  punctures ;  intervals  convex,  the  alternate  ones  higher.  Length 
7-1 1   mm." 

Specimens  e.xamined  from  "  Middle  States,"  "  Central  Valley," 
Indiana,  Mass..  and  X.  H.  Occurs  also  in  Ga.,  Fla.,  Md.,  Mich..  Pa., 
N.  Y.     (Leng.) 

Cupes  oculatus  Casey. 

Casey  (13)  Blatchley  (24). 

"  Form  nearly  as  in  concolor  but  less  elongate,  pale,  yellow-brown,  with 
indefinite  sublineate  spots  of  dark  brown  on  the  elytra  ;  integuments  throughout 
densely  scaly.  Head  scarcely  wider  than  the  prothorax  ;  sides  above  near  the 
eyes  longitudinally  tumid,  the  elevation  divided  transversely  at  the  anterior 
limit  of  the  very  large  convex  eyes ;  median  line  fine,  coarse  anteriorly  ;  tem- 
pera very  short.  Prothorax  fully  H  wider  than  long,  rectangular  and  nearly 
straight  in  basal  H,  becoming  feebly  convergent  and  arcuate  towards  base; 
disk  elevated  along  the  middle,  with  a  fine  median  line,  broadly  rcflexed  at  the 
base,  also  deeply  concave  at  each  side  of  the  middle.     Scutellum   well  devcl- 


201)         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^oi.  xxviii, 

oped,  rounded.  Elytra  2^4  to  nearly  3  times  as  long  as  wide,  parallel  and 
straight  at  the  sides,  gradually  narrowed  at  apex,  distinctly  wider  than  the 
head;  ridges  feeble,  the  second  and  third  alone  distinct.  Under  surface 
densely  scaly.  Length  8.5  to  9.7  mm.  width  2.0  to  2.2  mm."  Recorded  from 
Indiana.     Occurs  also  in  Md.,  Kans.,  Fla.,  Texas,  Mich.,  and  N.  Y.     (Leng.) 

The  writers  have  been  unable  to  see  the  type  of  oculatus,  and  it  is 
doubtful  if  Blatchley  (24)  had  seen  a  specimen  when  he  considered 
it  a  variety.  It  seems  to  be  quite  distinct  and  as  an  amplification  to 
the  original  description  the  following  is  quoted  from  a  letter  from 
Col.  Casey  and  a  sketch  showing  the  difference  in  elytral  sculpture  is 
included  with  the  figures. 

'*  In  concolor  the  body  is  more  elongate  and  slightly  larger  than 
in  oculatus  and  the  antennae  are  longer  and  more  slender.  In  oculatus 
the  head  is  transversely  sulcate  between  the  eyes,  there  being  no 
vestige  of  the  sulcus  in  concolor:  the  head  and  prothorax  are  very 
similar  in  habitus  in  the  two  but  in  concolor  the  sides  of  the  latter  are 
deplanate  and  not  sharply  reflexed  as  they  are  in  oculatus  and  the 
median  ridge  of  concolor  is  broader. 

.  "  The  most  striking  difference  is,  however,  in  the  sculpture  of  the 
elytra.  In  concolor  the  punctures  of  the  double  series  are  coarser, 
more  close  set  and  quadrate,  while  in  oculatus  they  are  elongate,  rela- 
tively narrower,  more  distinctly  so  than  shown  in  the  drawing  sent 
herewith,  and  the  series  in  concolor  are  very  much  more  approximate 
than  in  oculatus. 

"  The  coloration  of  the  two  is  nearly  alike,  being  pale  ochreous- 
gray,  feebly  mottled  with  darker.  In  my  opinion  there  is  no  possi- 
bility of  these  not  being  two  distinct  species  in  the  material  at  hand, 
the  only  point  being  as  to  whether  or  not  Westwood's  species  is  cor- 
rectly identified.  As  my  identification  coincides  completely  with  that 
of  LeConte,  I,  however,  have  no  doubt  on  this  score." 

Following  his  description  of  Cupes  serrata  LeConte  (8)  added  a 
consideration  of  the  species  known  at  that  time,  all  confined  to  the 
genus  Cupes,  in  which  he  pointed  out  the  most  important  characteral 
differences  of  the  species.  He  said,  "  It  will  probably  be  found  on 
dissection  that  the  characters  separating  our  three  species  of  Cupes 
will  warrant  them  in  being  considered  as  belonging  to  distinct  gen- 
era." Some  time  later  LeConte  (10)  did  separate  the  most  widely 
differing  species,  serrata,  erecting  the  genus  Priacma  for  its  reception. 


Sept.-Dec,  1920.]     Barber  AND  Ellis:  The  Family  CuPEDID/E.  207 

Four  species  must  still  be  retained  in  Cupes  although  certain 
characters,  most  noticeably  the  antennae,  eyes,  and  tuberculate  head, 
are  widely  different,  but  until  one  finds  fresh  preserved  material  for 
exhaustive  study  LeConte's  conception  of  the  family  as  indicated 
heretofore  must  stand. 

The  writers  wish  at  this  time  to  thank  Mr.  Nathan  Banks  for  his 
kindness  in  allowing  examination  and  study  of  the  material  in  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  especially  the  LeConte  collection, 
which  is  particularly  rich  in  the  Cupedidse.  They  desire  also  to  thank 
Mr.  C.  W.  Johnson  for  permission  to  examine  the  specimens  in  the 
collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  To  Mr.  C.  W. 
Leng  and  to  Col.  Casey  thanks  are  also  due  for  notes  and  sug- 
gestions. 

Drawings  from  Priacma  serrafa  and  C^^pes  lobiceps  are  from 
type ;  Cupcs  capifatus  and  Cupes  concolor  from  typical  specimens. 

Bibliography. 

1.  iSoi— Fabr..  Syst.  Elcuth..  II.  p.  66. 

2.  1S04 — Coqueb..  Illust.  Ins.,  Ill,  T.  30,  f.   i. 

3.  1830 — Westw.,  Zool.  Jour.,  V,  p.  440. 

4.  1S35 — Say,  Bost.  Jour.,  I,  p.  167. 

S-   1837 — Cast.,  Hist.  Nat.  Col.,  I,  p.  292. 

6.  1846— Melsh.,  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.,  II,  p.  310. 

7.  1857 — Lac,  Gen.  Col.,  IV,  p.  505. 

8.  1861 — LeConte,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Phil.,  p.  351. 

9.  1869— Gem.  &  Har.,  Cat.  Col,,  VI,  p.  1761. 

10.  1874 — LeConte,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  p.  87. 

11.  1881— Bayes  &  Reed,  Rep.  Ent.  Soc.  Ont.,  p.  31. 

12.  1883 — LeConte  &  Horn,  Coleop.  N.  A.,  p.  229. 

13-  1897 — Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  IX,  pp.  637-638. 

14.  1900 — Lameere,  An.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  XLIV,  p.  355. 

15.  1900 — AUuaud,  Col.  reg.  Malgache,  p.  155. 

16.  1 90 1 — Kolbe,  Archiv.  fiir  Naturg.,  p.  39. 

17.  1902 — Peyerimhoflf,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  pp.  206  and  330. 

18.  1903 — Ganglbauer,  Munch.  Kol.  zeit.,  I,  p.  271. 

19.  1903 — Lameere,  An.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  XLVII,  p.  155. 

20.  1908 — Kolbe,  Zeitschrift  fiir  wissensch  Insectenbiol. 

21.  1909 — Peyerimhoff,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  p.  57. 

22.  1909 — Sharp,  Insects,  Pt.  II,  p.  234,  Camb.  Nat.  Hist. 

23.  1 010— Junk,  Cat.  Col.,  Pt.  V. 

24.  1910 — Blatchley,  Col.  Ind.,  p.  892. 

25.  1910 — Gahan,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (8),  V,  p.  57. 


208         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.    tVoi.  xxviii, 

26.  191 1 — Gahan,  The  Entom. 

27.  1913 — Snyder,  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  XV,  pp.  30—31. 

28.  1915 — Brues  &  Melander,  Key  to  the  Families  of  Ins.,  p.  30. 

EXPLAN.ATION     OF    Pl.\TE    X. 

Fig.  I. — Cupes  lobiceps  Lee,  dorsal  aspect. 
Fig.  2. — Cupes  concolor  Westw.,  dorsal  aspect. 
Fig.  3. — Priacma  serrata  Lee,  dorsal  aspect. 
Fig  4. — Cupes  capitatiis  Fabr.,  dorsal  aspect. 
Fig.  5.- — Cupes  capitatus  Fabr.,  lateral  view  of  head. 
Fig.  6. — Cupes  capitatiis  Fabr.,  ventral  aspect. 

Fig.  7. — (A)  Cupes  concolorWestw. — Detail  of  elytral  sculpture.     (B)  Cupes 
ocnlatus  Casey — Detail  of  elytral  sculpture  (after  sketch  by  Casey). 


NEW   SPECIES    OF   SERICA    (SCARAB^ID^).     III. 

By  R.  W.  Dawson, 

Lincoln,  Nkbraska. 
Serica  loxia  new  species. 

(^.     Length  7  mm.     Color  auburn,  surface  bare,  polished  and  shining. 

Clypeus  nearly  level  with  the  front,  feebly  impressed  below  the  suture  and 
before  the  reflexed  margins,  broadly  and  feebly  tumid  just  below  the  middle  ; 
anterior  margin  abruptly,  moderately  elevated,  nearly  straight  viewed  vertically, 
lateral  margins  distinctly  reflexed,  separated  from  the  anterior  margin  by  a 
sharp,  rather  deep  incisure  ;  punctures  moderately  strong  and  closely  placed, 
separated  by  about  half  their  own  diameters ;  clypeal  suture  distinct,  very 
obtusely  angled  at  the  middle.  Front  less  closely  and  regularly  punctured,  the 
punctures  nearly  or  quite  wanting  on  the  occipital  area,  separated  by  one  half 
to  two  times  their  own  diameters  on  the  lower  portion  of  the  sclerite.  Eyes 
and  antennal  club  of  moderate  size.  Measurements  of  head  (in  tenths  of  a 
millimeter)  as  follows :  Diameter  of  head  through  eyes,  20 ;  distance  between 
the  inner  eye  margins,  12;  length  of  head  on  median  line,  16;  extreme  width 
of  clypeus  in  front  of  incisure,  9 ;  antennal  club,  8 ;  dorso-ventral  diameter 
of  eye,  5. 

Pronotum  relatively  broad,  short,  and  flat,  the  sides  nearly  straight,  and 
only  moderately  convergent  to  the  anterior  angles ;  surface  rather  strongly, 
closely  and  evenly  punctured,  the  punctures  separated  by  one  to  two  times 
their  own  diameters.  Measurements  of  pronotum  as  follows :  Width  through 
posterior  angles,  31  ;  width  through  anterior  angles,  21  ;  length  of  median  line, 
17.  Scutellum  with  a  few  strong  punctures,  closer  toward  the  sides;  length, 
6.5  ;  width,  6.5. 

Elytra  with  the  usual,  moderately  well  developed  striae,  each  stria  with 
three  confused  rows  of  closely  placed  punctures.  Length  of  elytra,  54  ;  greatest 
width,  40. 


JouRN.  X.  V.  F;nt.  Soc.) 


Vol.  X.WIII, 


(Plate  X.) 


(CriM.DID/E.) 


Sept.-Dec,  1920.]      Dawson  :  New  Species  of  Serica.  209 

Elytra  with  the  usual,  moderately  well  developed  striae,  each  stria  with 
three  confused  rows  of  closely  placed  punctures.  Length  of  elytra,  54  ;  greatest 
width,  40. 

Posterior  coxal  plates  shining,  coarsely  and  closely  punctured,  the  punc- 
tures separated  by  about  their  own  diameters.  Metasternum  nearly  as  strongly 
and  closely  punctured  as  the  coxal  plates.  Hind  femora  with  a  number  of 
scattered,  coarse  punctures,  tending  to  condense  into  a  line  about  two  fifths 
of  the  way  from  the  posterior  edge.  Abdominal  sternites  less  shining,  with 
the  punctures  about  half  to  two  thirds  the  size  of  those  on  the  coxal  plates, 
and  separated  by  about  twice  their  own  diameter.  The  usual  single  rows  of 
setigerous  punctures  present,  but  not  conspicuous. 

Length  of  genital  armature  of  male,  2.4  mm.;  its  most  striking  character 
the  sudden  flexure  of  the  tip  of  the  left  clasper  across  the  right  clasper. 
(Plate  XL) 

$.  Differs  from  the  male  by  the  usual  secondary  sexual  characters ; 
smaller  eyes,  smaller  antennae  (club  5.6  instead  of  8),  less  strongly  notched 
clypeus,  less  emarginate  last  ventral  sclerite,  and  more  convex  under-line  of 
abdomen. 

Type:  (^.     Millers,  Indiana,  July  19.  1916. 

Allotype:   $.     Millers,  Indiana,  July   19,    1916. 

Paratypes :   6  ,^. 

Indiana:  Lawrence  County,  i  (^ ;  Lake  County,  2  (^. 
Wisconsin  :  Bayfield,  i  (^. 

North   Carolina:   Highlands,   i   (^. 
Georgia:  Clayton,  i  (^. 

The  scarcity  of  specimens  of  loxia  in  collections,  and  the  wide  dis- 
tribution shown  by  the  few  at  hand  would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  is 
one  of  the  less  common  species. 

Serica  Carolina  new  species. 

Serica  Carolina  Blanchard,  M.  S. 

(j*.  Length  7.5-8  mm.;  width,  4.5  mm.  Color  varying  from  Sanford's 
brown  to  chestnut ;  surface  bare,  polished  and  shining. 

Clypeus  continuous  with  the  even  convexity  of  the  front ;  anterior  margin 
moderately  reflexed,  nearly  straight,  lateral  margins  a  little  less  prominent 
than  the  anterior  margin  and  almost  continuous  with  it ;  clypeal  notch  almost 
obsolete,  being  reduced  to  a  mere  angulation  at  the  juncture  of  the  lateral  and 
anterior  margins ;  punctures  rather  coarse  and  evenly  placed,  separated  by 
about  their  own  diameters;  clypeal  suture  fine,  but  distinct.  Front  less  closely 
and  regularly  punctured  than  the  clypeus,  punctures  separated  by  one  to  three 
times  their  own  diameters.  Antennal  club  well  developed,  and  eyes  rather 
large.  Measurements  of  the  head  as  follows :  Diameter  of  head  through  eyes, 
2^  ;  distance  between  inner  eye  margins,  13  ;  length  of  head  on  median  line,  15  ; 
extreme  width  of  clypeus  in  front  of  incisure,  10.6;  antennal  club,  8;  dorso- 
ventral  diameter  of  eye,  9. 


210         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t'^^'o'-  xxviii, 

Pronotum  nearly  one  and  two  thirds  times  as  wide  as  long,  not  very  con- 
vex, sides  nearly  straight  and  but  little  convergent  anteriorly,  except  just 
before  the  rather  obtuse  anterior  angles  where  they  are  broadly  rounded  in- 
wardly ;  punctures  a  little  smaller  than  those  of  the  clypeus,  rather  evenly  and 
closely  placed,  being  separated  by  one  to  two  times  their  own  diameters. 
Measurements  of  pronotum  as  following:  Width  through  posterior  angles,  35; 
width  through  anterior  angles,  23  ;  length  on  median  line,  22.  Scutellum  me- 
dially with  punctures  separated  by  two  to  three  diameters,  but  laterally  by 
only  half  a  diameter;  length.  7.5:  width,  7.5. 

Elytra  moderately  striated,  the  strioe  not  sharply  limited  and  with  three 
somewhat  confused  rows  of  moderate-sized  punctures,  which  though  closely 
placed  show  very  little  tendency  to  coalesce  laterally.  Length  of  elytra,  55  : 
greatest  width,  45. 

Posterior  coxal  plates  shining,  coarsely  and  closely  punctured,  the  princ- 
tures  separated  by  about  their  own  diameters.  Elsewhere  beneath,  surface 
less  shining  and  puncturation  finer.  Abdominal  sternites  with  the  usual  single, 
transverse  rows  of  setigerous  punctures ;  setze,  however,  not  conspicuous  and 
tending  to  become  obsolete  medially. 

Length  of  genital  armature  of  male  2  mm.  ;  recognizable  at  a  glance  from 
the  armatures  of  all  the  other  vespertina  like  Sericas  known  to  the  writer  by 
the  attenuated  form  of  the  stalk  and  claspers  (Plate  XII). 

5. — Differs  from  male,  by  having  the  clypeal  notch  nearly  or  quite  oblit- 
erated, the  anterior  and  lateral  reflexed  margins  of  the  clypeus  being  con- 
tinuous; by  having  smaller  eyes  (dorso-ventral  diameter  of  8  instead  of  10) 
and  a  shorter  antennal  club  (6.3  instead  of  8)  ;  also  by  the  more  convex  under- 
line of  the  abdomen  and  less  emarginate  terminal  sternite. 

Type:  ^,  Southern  Pines,  North  Carolina,  December  31,  19 15  (A.  H. 
Manee). 

Allotype:  J.     Southern  Pines,  North  Carolina  (A.  H.  Manee). 

Paratypes :  14  c^,  11  $. 

North   Carolina:   Southern  Pines.      13  ^,   10  5;   Chapel  Hill,   2  ^. 

In  deference  to  the  memory  of  the  late  Frederick  Blanchard  I 
have  employed  the  name  which  he  intended  to  use  for  this  species. 
The  specimens  in  Mr.  Blanchard's  collection  as  well  as  most  of  those 
in  other  collections  were  taken  hy  Mr.  A.  H.  Manee  of  Southern 
Pines,  North  Carolina,  who  has  also  used  the  manuscript  name  Caro- 
lina in  sending  out  his  specimens. 

Serica  perigonia  new  species. 

S- — Length,  8  mm. ;  width,  4.5  mm.  Color  auburn,  surface  opaque,  lightly 
covered  with  a  grayish  bloom  or  pollen,  and  showing  traces  of  a  brilliant 
iridescence  when  viewed  in  shifting  light  with  a  lens. 

Clypeus  with  discal  area  rather  densely  covered  with  medium-sized  punc- 


(JouRX.   X.  V.  Ext.  Soc.)  Vol.  XX\Ilf.  (Platk  XI.) 


^^ 


(si:ric  \  I  oxiA.) 


(JouRX.   N.  ^'.   Km.  S()c\ 


\(.i,.  X.W 


Plaii-:  XI 1 


r 


(SERKA  CAROLINA.) 


> 


N 


(Sl-:klC.\    i'l-.RK  .oMA. 


Sept.-Dec,  I920.]      Dawson  :  New  Species  OF  Serica.  211 

tures,  coalcsccnt  to  separated  by  two  thirds  of  their  own  diameters ;  a  few 
coarser  punctures  anteriorly,  at  the  edge  of  the  less  strongly  and  densely  punc- 
tate submarginal  impression.  Clypeal  margin  moderately  and  rather  suddenly 
reflexed,  somewhat  emphasized  by  the  submarginal  impression.  Reflexcd 
margin  broadly  and  distinctly  sinuate  anteriorly ;  the  usual  lateral  incisures 
entirely  wanting.  Front  finely,  sparsely  and  irregularly  punctate,  becoming 
impunctate  toward  the  occiput ;  separated  from  the  clypeus  by  a  fine,  almost 
evenly  arcuate  suture.  Planes  of  front  and  clypeus  more  or  less  deflected  to 
the  suture,  thus  forming  a  diffused,  transverse  facial  depression,  usually  less 
distinct  medially  but  always  clearly  marked  at  the  sides  in  front  of  the  eyes. 
Antennal  club  small  and  short,  about  equalling  the  length  of  joints  2  to  6 
inclusive.  Eyes  small.  Measurements  of  head  as  follows:  Diameter  of  head 
through  eyes,  22;  distance  between  inner  eye  margins,  16;  length  of  head  on 
median  line,  20  ;  extreme  width  of  clypeus  in  front  of  the  position  where  the 
incisure  occurs  in  many  species,  13;  antennal  club,  6;  dorso-vcntral  diameter 
of  eye,  7. 

Pronotum  rather  strongly  convex  from  side  to  side,  the  lateral  margins 
evenly  and  distinctly  arcuate,  and  the  hind  angles  very  obtusely  and  evenly 
rounded.  Puncturation  inconspicuous,  rather  fine  and  shallow,  but  closely  and 
evenly  distributed,  the  punctures  separated  on  the  average  by  about  twice 
their  own  diameters.  Sides  of  pronotum  with  a  small,  inconspicuous,  though 
distinct,  piceous  spot  at  the  middle  near  the  margin.  Measurements  of  pro- 
notum as  follows :  Greatest  width,  a  little  in  front  of  the  very  round  posterior 
angles,  35  ;  width  through  the  anterior  angles,  22  :  length  on  the  median  line, 
19.  Scutellum  rather  densely,  but  very  finely  and  inconspicuously  punctate; 
length,  9  ;   width,  9. 

Elytra  feebly  striate,  the  striie  line-like,  each  bearing  a  single,  somewhat 
irregular  row  of  fine  punctures.  Intervals  with  a  few  small,  scattered  punc- 
tures, feebly  convex,  the  second,  fourth  and  sixth  slightly  wider  than  the 
others.  Elytral  punctures  bearing  inconspicuous,  short,  erect,  yellow  hairs. 
Length  of  elytra,  60 ;  width,  45. 

Metasternum  and  posterior  coxal  plates  more  strongly  punctured  than  the 
upper  surface,  but  punctures  still  relatively  small,  separated  by  one  to  three 
times  their  own  diameters.  Abdominal  sternites  with  the  usual,  single,  irreg- 
ular rows  of  rather  conspicuous,  setigerous  punctures,  and  at  the  sides  with  a 
few  small  hair-bearing  punctures.  Coxae  and  femora  of  front  and  middle  legs, 
and  nieso-  and  meta-sternum  moderately  clothed  with  erect,  yellow  hairs. 

Length  of  genital  armature  of  male   (Plate  XIII),  2.6  mm. 
$. — DitTers    from    the    male    only    in    the    slightly    smaller   antennae    (club    5 
instead  of  6  as  in  the  male)   and  broader  and  less  eniarginate  last  abdominal 
sternite. 

Type:  cJ".     Bellcvue,  Utah,  3,400  ft.,  June  21-23,  1919  (^V.  Knaus). 

Allotype:  $.     Bellevue,  Utah.  3,400  ft.,  June  21-23,   1919   ( \V.  Knaus). 

Paratypes:  15  d*.  7  ?• 


212         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     tVoi.  xxviii, 

Utah:  Bellevue,  9  c?,  4  5 ;  Eureka,  i  (^ ;  Vineyard,  i  c?>  ^  ?  !  Cedar  City, 

Coal  Creek  Canyon,  6,250  ft.,   1^,1'^;  Stockton,  ij. 
California :  La  Crescenta,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  4c?. 


FURTHER  NOTES  ON  THE  MEMBRACID  GENUS 
OPHIDERMA  FAIRM.  (HEMIP.-HOMOP.). 

By  Lewis  B.  Woodruff, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Ill  the  December,  1919,  number  of  this  Journal  the  writer  set 
forth  the  results  of  his  study  of  the  Membracid  genus  Ophidcrma, 
but  certain  of  his  conclusions  were  perforce  stated  tentatively,  owing 
to  lack  of  positive  evidence  to  substantiate  them.  That  lack  in  some 
important  instances  has  been  supplied  during  the  past  season's  col- 
lecting, and  by  the  proof  thus  furnished  it  is  found  that  the  deduc- 
tions therein  arrived  at  chiefly  by  logical  processes  are  correct. 

One  of  them  had  to  do  with  Gibson  and  Wells'  O.  fraterna  and  its 
probable  status  as  the  male  of  Coding's  O.  flava.  That  supposition 
is  now  established  as  a  fact.  During  the  month  of  June,  at  Litch- 
field, Conn.,  males  of  fraterna  were  frequently  taken  in  association 
with  females  of  flava,  and  in  at  least  three  instances  they  were  taken 
in  copulation;  thus  removing  any  possible  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of 
the  former  species.  As  suggested  in  the  paper  above  referred  to,  the 
specific  name  fraterna  Cib.  &  Wells  must  sink  as  a  synonym  of  flava 
Codg.,  and  these  two  very  differently  colored  insects  be  brought 
together  in  our  cabinets  as  the  two  sexes  of  the  latter  species. 

My  series  of  males  of  flava  taken  this  past  summer  consists  of 
fifteen  specimens,  ranging  in  date  from  June  22  to  July  i,  to  wit:  the 
three  paired  and  in  copula  take  on  Quercus  rubra  (June  29  and  30), 
three  others  also  on  Q.  rubra,  seven  on  Q.  coccinea  and  two  on  Q. 
alba.  The  females  of  this  species  taken  this  season  were  found  on 
the  three  foregoing 'species  of  oak  in  about  the  same  proportions 
respectively,  but  specimens  of  this  sex  continued  to  be  taken  for  more 
than  a  month  after  the  males  had  disappeared,  a  phenomenon  which 
seems  to  be  usual  in  the  fainily.  In  this  connection  it  is  significant 
that  the  last  male  taken,  on  July  i,  was  dead  when  beaten  from 
the  tree. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]  WoODRUFF  :     FURTHER    NoTES.  213 

In  the  paper  cited  a  new  species,  O.  grisca,  was  described,  based 
upon  a  considerable  series  of  females  only.  The  absence  of  males 
was  there  commented  on,  and  the  hypothesis  suggested  that  the  males 
might  occur  early  in  the  season  and  die  soon  after  mating,  the  females 
persisting  much  later.  Such  proves  to  be  the  case.  The  past  season's 
collecting  in  the  type  locality  was  begun  much  earlier  than  usual,  and 
not  only  were  many  additional  females  of  this  new  species  taken,  but 
the  male  was  also  found  in  considerable  numbers,  sixteen  specimens 
having  been  secured  in  association  with  the  opposite  sex,  three  of 
them  paired  and  in  copulation.  The  dates  of  capture  of  the  males 
ranged  from  June  22  to  July  8,  the  latter  date  being  the  date  of  cap- 
ture of  the  first  female  the  season  previous;  and  the  host  plant  was 
usually  Oucrcus  coccinca  as  it  had  proved  to  be  in  the  case  of  the 
female  specimens  taken  the  year  before.  The  description  of  the 
male  is  therefore  now  available  and  is  here  presented: 

Ophiderma  grisea  Woodr. 

Male. — Allotype:  Slender;  hairy  pubescent  on  face  and  pronotum,  a  little 
more  sparsely  posteriorly.  Rather  coarsely  punctate,  more  or  less  glabrous. 
Pronotum  in  form  as  in  female,  though  proportionally  somewhat  shorter. 
Color  brown  to  black,  vittoe  creamy  to  white.  Face  and  clypeus  creamy  to 
white,  sutures  and  callosities  black.  Pattern  as  in  male  of  O.  pubesccns, 
which  it  resembles,  though  much  smaller,  very  much  more  slender,  and  gener- 
ally darker.  Elytra  as  in  female,  but  black  band  crossing  mid-elytra,  so  con- 
spicuous in  that  sex,  obsolescent,  commonly  not  reaching  margin.  Body  be- 
neath black,  abdominal  segments  edged  posteriorly  with  pale.  Legs  pale,  fe- 
mora above  and  tibiae  anteriorly  black.     Length  5-5  H  mm. 

Allotype  in  my  collection.  Taken  by  me  at  Litchfield,  Conn.,  June 
29,  1920,  on  Qucrcus  coccinca.  Paratypes  will  be  placed  in  the  Na- 
tional Museum  at  Washington  and  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History  at  New  York. 

In  the  key  to  the  species  of  the  genus,  presented  with  the  paper 
above  referred  to,  this  male  should  perhaps  best  be  placed  in  the 
group  without  dark  mid-elytral  band,  as  that  character  in  this  sex 
seems  to  be  subject  to  a  tendency  to  disappear,  and  so  might  find  its 
place  under  G.  (page  260)  after  J*  pubesccns  Emmons  (the  length 
of  which  should  read  5V2-6  mm.),  with  indicia  as  follows: 

Dark  brown  to  black;  slender,  5-5^  mm.  in  length;  strongly  arcuate  humoral 
and   transverse  apical  vitt.x  creamy  to  white  ;   mid-elytral   band   indicated. 

(^  grisea  Woodr. 


214         JOURNAL  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii, 

A  careful  examination  of  the  material  in  the  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History  has  brought  to  light  another  female  specimen 
which  would  seem  to  agree  very  closely  with  Coding's  O.  flaviguttula, 
and  I  have  no  hesitation  in  so  assigning  it.  This  example  bears  a 
label  showing  it  to  have  been  taken  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  May  29, 
1910.  Several  males  and  females  of  the  author's  dcfiiiita  are  also  in- 
cluded in  that  material,  and  seventeen  more  well  marked  examples, 
eleven  females  and  six  males,  have  been  taken  this  past  season  at 
Litchfield,  Conn.  The  length  of  this  form  as  given  in  the  key  is  ex- 
cessive, and  should  read  J*  4^.^-5  mm.,  5  5-5/^  rnm. 


NOTES  ON  THE  CRAMBIN^   (LEPIDOPTERA). 

By  W.  T.  M.  Forbes, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

A  large  part  of  the  following  memoranda  are  based  on  material 
collected  in  various  parts  of  the  southern  states  by  the  Cornell  Bio- 
logical Expedition  in  the  summer  of  1917,  and  by  Prof.  J.  C.  Bradley 
in  his  return  trip  through  the  same  general  region  in  the  summer  of 
1918.  The  material  has  not  quite  all  been  mounted,  but  as  it  is  a 
serious  question  when  the  mounting  will  be  finished  under  present 
conditions,  it  has  seemed  best  not  to  delay  this  paper  further. 

The  discovery  of  various  genera  in  which  vein  R^  (vein  9)  has 
disappeared,  forces  us  to  an  extension  of  Hampson's  definition  of 
the  subfamily  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  1895,  921),  but  emphasizes 
the  relative  value  of  the  characters  of  the  female  frenulum  and  con- 
dition of  the  cell  of  the  hind  wing,  used  by  Ragonot  in  defining  his 
two  subfamilies  Crambinse  and  Ancylolomin^e  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  France 
(6),  10,  445-447,  1890).     The  subfamily  may  be  defined  as  follows: 

Pyralids  with  antenna;  simple,  laminate,  or  pectinate,  without  any 
special  modifications;  ocelli  most  often  present;  tongue  rarely  strong, 
sometmies  absent;  palpi  porrect,  beaklike,  and  sometimes  very  long; 
maxillary  palpi  large,  and  triangularly  scaled ;  tibise  with  normal 
spurs.  Fore  wings  with  first  A  (ic)  completely  absent;  usually  with 
all  veins  from  cell  preserved,  R.  or  M.,  sometimes  lost,  and  R_^  also 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]       FORBES  :    NoTES   ON    THE    CrAMBIX.E.  215 

fused  witli  R.  in  Raphiptcra  and  the  new  j^cnus  Loxocramhus;  third 
A  rudimentary  as  a  rule,  free.  Hind  wing  with  Sc  and  R  anastomo- 
sing, with  a  strong  fringe  on  base  of  Cu  and  three  developed  anals, 
in  other  characters  of  two  principal  types:  (i)  (Crambini)  with 
frenulum  multii)le  in  female,  cell  widely  open,  the  discocellular  being 
reduced  to  a  short  spur  attached  to  Cu  stem,  and  M,  approximate  or 
stalked  with  Rji ;  (2)  (Ancylolomiini )  with  frenulum  simple  in  female, 
cell  closed  by  a  distinct  though  somewhat  weak  vein,  and  M,  widely 
separated  from  distal  part  of  R^  at  its  origin  from  cell,  and  often 
somewhat  weak.  The  tip  of  Sc  is  lost  in  the  Crambine  genus 
Raphiptcra. 

I  should  reject  the  two  genera  Chalco'cla  and  Dicymolomia  from 
this  group ;  their  affinities  are  wholly  with  the  genus  Glapliyria  and 
its  kin,  usually  considered  PyraustinJE,  but  possibly  worthy  of  a 
separate  subfamily,  based  mainly  on  the  character  of  the  fringe  on 
the  base  of  Cu,  which  runs  out  diffusely  into  the  outer  part  of  the 
wing,  diverging  from  Cu,  and  ends  in  a  more  or  less  striking  tuft 
of  spatulate  scales.  This  group  would  be  the  Homophysida^  of 
Guenee.  etc.  The  Schoenobiin?e  I  should  separate  primarily  on  the 
preservation  of  first  A  toward  the  margin  of  the  fore  wing,  as  this 
is  a  significant  primitive  character  occurring  in  no  other  group  of 
Pyralids  known  to  me,  and  present  in  all  Schoenobiinse  examined, 
even  the  strongly  aberrant  genus  Accntropus.  The  fringe  of  hair 
on  cubitus  is  in  its  weakest  expression  in  the  Crambinre  about  like  its 
fullest  development  in  the  Schoenobiinae.  I  believe  that  Loxostc- 
gopsis^  which  lacks  first  A  is  not  a  Schoenobiid,  but  an  aberrant 
Pyraustid.  The  Phycitinse  and  Anerastiinse.  aside  from  their  con- 
sistent loss  of  a  radial,  combine  characters  of  the  two  tribes  of  Cram- 
binae.  From  the  Ancylolomiini  they  differ  in  having  R  and  Mj  of 
the  hind  wing  approximate,  from  the  Crambini  in  the  more  distinctly 
closed  cell,  and  simple  female  frenulum.  Very  few  have  the  large 
triangular  maxillary  palpi  common  to  both  groups  of  Crambina'.  I 
have  omitted  Uscodys  from  the  following  key,  as  probably  Schoeno- 
l>iid,  since  first  A  is  preserved.  Sc  and  R  are  separate  in  the  hind 
wing,  a  very  rare  character  in  either  grouj).  1  have  noted  from  the 
type  of  Uinta  orcadclhi  Hulst,  that  R  of  the  hind  wing  is  from  the 

1  I   consider  "  Loxotcgopsis  "  an   obvious  misprint. 


216         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^oi.  xxviii, 

upper  angle  of  the  cell,  which  is  closed;  as  one  radial  is  lost  and  the 
habitus  phycid  there  remains  nothing  to  associate  the  genus  with  the 
Crambinse,  and  it  will  go  to  the  Anerastiinse. 

Ml   (6)   hind   wing  widely  separated  from  Sc   (8)    at  the  level  of  the  end  of 
the  cell,  cell  closed,  female  frenulum  simple   (Ancylolomiini), 
Fore  wing  without  any  indication  of  notch  at  middle  of  outer  margin  ;  R 
well  separated  from  Sc  toward  base  in  hind  wing,  Ri  free  in  fore  wing ; 

M3  lost    Euf emaldia. 

Fore  wing  (in  our  species)  with  a  more  or  less  distinct  notch  at  middle  of 
outer  margin  (very  weak  in  Surattha,  which  has  M,  present). 
Base  of  R  widely  separated  from  Sc.  terminating  practically  opposite  M,. 

Mesolia. 
Base  of  R  terminating  well  above  origin  of  Mi,  usually  closely  approxi- 
mated to  Sc. 

Rj   free,   notch   slight    Surattha. 

Rj  normally  anastomosing  with  Sc,  notch  stronger. 

Fore   wing   five   times   as   long   as   broad,    outer   margin    strongly 

oblique    Pseudoschoenobius. 

Fore  wing  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  each  half  of  outer 
margin  of  fore  wing  nearly  vertical. 

Upper  discocellular  long Prionapteryx. 

Upper   discocellular    very    short    or    absent,    Mi    normally    ap- 
parently continuous  with  base  of  R Mesolia. 

Ml  approximate  to  Sc  +  R  at  end  of  cell  or  stalked  (Crambini). 

A  secondary  apex  developed  at  M^.  the  true  apex  truncate,  obscure. 

Loxocrambus. 
Apex  normal,  at  R3  or  R4. 
Rb  stalked. 

Two  radials  and  a  medial  of  fore  wing  and  Sc  and  a  medial  of  hind 

wing  lost    Raphiptera. 

Venation  complete  or  practically  so. 

Antennae  uni-,  or  bipectinate  in  male   Thaumatopsis. 

Antennas  laminate  or  simple    Crambus. 

R5  from  cell. 

Ri  anastomosing  or  connected  with  Sc. 

R2  stalked  with  R3_5 ;   ocelli  lost   lesta. 

Ra  from  cell,  sometimes  imperfectly  fused  with  stems  of  Ra-j  but 
separate  at  origin. 
Ocelli  absent ;   tongue   obsolete,   palpi  three   times   as   long  as 

head    Diatraea. 

Ocelli  present. 

Tongue  present,  though  weak ;  palpi  three  times  as  long 
as  head  ;  Sc  of  hind  wing  typically  with  free  part  very 
short    Haimbachia. 


Sept.-Dec,   1920.]      FORBES :    NOTES   ON   THE   CRAMBINiE.  217 

Tongue  present,  though  weak ;  palpi  twice  as  long  as  head 
and   more  triangular;   Sc  of  hind   wing  with  free  part 

long   Argyria,  part, 

R,  free. 

R,  stalked,  ocelli  present    Eoreuma. 

Rj  free  at  origin. 

Front   rounded,   tongue  distinct. 

Palpi  projecting  about  length  of  head    Argyria. 

Palpi  projecting  about  twice  length  of  head    .  .  .  .Platytes. 
Front  conical,  or  with  a  central  cone. 

Tongue   well   developed,    Rj   arising   from    cell   well   before 

Cuj,   ocelli   present    Ommatopteryx. 

Tongue    rudimentary,    R,    arising   opposite    or   beyond    Cu; 
ocelli   often   absent    Chilo. 

Genus  Surattha  Moore. 
S.  santella  Kearfott.     Tucson.  Ariz.,  July  22,  1917. 

Genus  Prionapteiyx  Stephens. 

Dr.  McDunnoi:gh  calls  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  types  of 
Mesolia  and  Eugrotca  are  congeneric,  in  fact  closely  related,  so  that 
the  name  Eugrotea  is  unavailable  as  used  by  Kearfott.  The  best  way 
out  would  seem  to  be  to  divide  the  series  considered  Eugrotcas  by 
Kearfott  according  to  the  condition  of  M^  of  the  hind  wing,  and  put 
those  with  M^  from  the  anterior  angle  of  the  cell,  at  nearly  the  same 
point  as  R,  in  Mesolia,  and  the  rest  in  Prionapteryx.  The  first  group 
also  agrees  with  Mesolia  in  having  a  dentate  t.  p.  line  and  include 
olivella  and  hiiachucella  as  well  as  dcntdla.  Of  the  latter  I  have  only 
seen  yavapai,  which  has  an  even  t.  p.  line  like  Prionapteryx. 

P.  nebulifera  Stcph.     Brown's  Mills,  N.  J.,  July  6,  1919  (F.  H.  Benjamin). 
P.  yavapai  Kearf.     Wellton.  Yuma  Co.,  Ariz.,  Aug.  6,  1917. 

This  series  shows  an  extraordinary  amount  of  variation  in  vena- 
tion. Not  one  specimen  matches  Kearfott's  figure.  In  one  case  R5 
and  M^  are  stalked  half  way  to  the  outer  margin,  and  in  another  they 
are  barely  stalked,  but  generally  they  are  free.  M^  and  M3  are 
stalked  in  six  specimens,  one  of  which  shows  only  a  rudiment  of  M3 
on  one  side ;  they  are  united  in  seven.  In  the  hind  wing  they  are 
consistently  united.  Sc  and  R  of  the  fore  wing  are  normally  con- 
nected by  a  very  short  cross-vein,  but  they  often  anastomose  at  a 


218  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     t^'°i-  xxviii, 

point,  and  on  one  side  of  one  specimen  appear  to  become  coincident, 
as  in  Kearfott's  figure. 

Genus  Mesolia  Ragonot. 

M.  olivella  Grote.     Camden,  Ark.,  June  2,  191 8. 

This  is  the  species  which  generally  passes  for  dcntclla.  The  latter 
is  considered  by  Barnes  and  McDunnough  the  same  as  inccriclla. 

M.  huachucella  Kearfott.     Mesquite  near  Mesilla  Park,  N.  M.,  July  12,   1917; 
Lordsburg,  July   13,   1917;   Tucson,  Ariz.,  July  22,   1917. 

This  species  is  very  close  to  the  type  of  the  genus,  and  has  R^  free. 

Genus  Pseudoschoenobius  Fernald. 
P.  opalescalis  Hulst.     Deming,  N.  M.,  July  12,  19 17. 

Genus  Eufernaldia  Hulst. 

This  genus  is  quite  a  typical  Ancylolomid,  though  it  has  always 
been  placed  with  the  Crambid  genera.  It  was  taken  at  Marfa,  Tex., 
May  15,  1918,  and  at  Limpia  Canon  in  the  Davis  Mts.,  Tex.,  on  July 
7,  1917,  at  over  5000  feet  elevation;  both  times  at  light  in  grass-land. 

Genus  Raphiptera  Hampson. 

I  should  interpret  this  genus  as  Crambid  in  the  restricted  sense, 
rather  than  Ancylolomid.  The  cell  is  widely  open  and  there  is  no 
trace  of  a  vein  from  its  end,  so  that  it  seems  most  probable  that  Sc 
has  been  lost,  rather  than  M^  as  Hampson  indicates.  The  pattern  is 
also  Crambid.  I  have  typical  minimcUa  from  Anderson,  S.  C.  June 
5,  1917,  and  Leroy,  Ala.,  June  11,  1917.  Specimens  from  the  vicinity 
of  Ithaca  (McLean  Bogs,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.)  appear  to  be  argil- 
laccella  rather  than  minimcUa,  but  I  am  not  at  all  sure  the  forms  are 
distinct  species.  Fernald  reports  minimella  from  New  York,  but  it 
may  be  from  the  austral  part  of  the  state.  The  minimella  from  An- 
derson were  taken  at  a  trap  lantern  in  oak  woods,  and  the  one  from 
Leroy  in  the  same  way  on  the  bank  of  a  creek  in  pine  and  oak  woods. 
The  argillaceclla  from  McLean  on  the  other  hand  are  confined  to  the 
heath-cover  of  a  couple  of  peat-bogs,  as  is  the  species  at  Mer  Bleue, 
Ontario. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]       FORHE.S  :    XOTES   ON    THE    CrAMBIX-E.  219 

Ginus  Crambus  Fabricius. 

In  this  genus  the  group  with  Sc  anastomosing  with  R^  in  the  fore 
wing  is  larger  than  would  be  expected  from  Hampson's  grouping. 
The  eastern  species  with  anastomosis  include  C.  alhclliis,  hortucUus, 
triscctns,  caligiiwscUits.  zcclhis  and  lutcolcllus  as  well  as  doubtless 
lacinicllus.    A  number  of  western  species  also  show  the  character. 

C.  quinquareatus  Zcll.  Biloxi,  Miss.,  Tunc  13,  1917;  Needles,  Cal.,  April,  1918. 
It  is  obvious  from  Walker's  description  and  type  locality,  that 
Walker's  species  hastiferellus  is  not  this.  I  believe  kastiferclltts  is 
a  synonym  of  Icachclhis,  with  which  its  description  agrees  more 
closely. 

C.  leachellus  Zinck. 

Specimens  from  ^lesquite,  near  ]\Iesilla  Park,  and  Deming,  X.  M., 
July  12,  1917,  and  Lampia  Canyon,  Davis  Mts.,  Tex.,  July  7,  appear 
to  be  a  very  pale  race  of  this  species.  The  fore  wing  is  shaded  with 
yellow  and  light  brown,  almost  like  C.  alhoclavellus,  but  the  markings 
are  about  as  in  leachellus  and  carpenterelliis.  Unlike  leachellus  there 
is  a  distinct  white  marginal  patch,  over  veins  3-5,  contrasting  with 
yellow  areas  above  and  below.  I  have  also  seen  the  form  in  the 
Barnes  collection. 

Crambus  biguttellus  new  species. 

General  structure  and  habits  of  C.  albellus  Clem.  Fore  wing  with  R,  fret 
from  Sc,  Rr,  stalked  more  than  half  way  to  apex  (a  third  way  in  C.  albellus). 
.'\pex  blunt,  not  at  all  produced,  outer  margin  distinctly  excavate  at  middle, 
the  bottom  of  the  indentation  at  M3. 

Head  and  thorax  white  above,  collar  with  a  broad  diti'use  pale  gray-brown 
band  on  each  lobe.  •  Abdomen  dirty  white.  Antennae  light  fuscous.  Sides  of 
palpi  white  above,  fuscous  below  ;  maxillary  palpi  white,  with  a  narrow  black 
ring.  Fore  legs  fuscous,  distally  gradually  shading  into  white  on  coxa; ;  mid- 
dle and  hind  legs  white,  with  dirty  white  tarsi. 

Fore  wing  silver  white;  base  of  costa  pale  yellowish  brown ;  extreme  costal 
edge  blackish  toward  base ;  no  other  basal  markings.  Post-medial  line  yellow- 
ish, oblique  outward  from  middle  of  costa  to  end  of  cell,  where  it  bends  an 
acute  angle  and  runs  into  a  rounded  black  spot  on  lower  edge  of  cell  at  middle 
of  wing.  Thence  it  continues  obliquely  inward  to  a  similar  spot  on  middle  of 
inner  margin,  but  is  very  faint  and  broken.  The  upper  spot  is  lightly  edged 
with  ochrcous,  the  lower  with  hardly  a  trace  of  ochre  edging.  Subterminal 
line  light  yellow,  running  across  apex,  then  sharply  curving  at  Mj  (vein  5)  and 


220         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^oi.  xxviii, 

running  closely  parallel  to  outer  margin,  to  anal  angle.  Two  parallel  lines 
trisect  the  space  between  the  subterminal  line  and  the  apex,  but  fade  out  below, 
leaving  a  narrow  continuous  white  margin.  Terminal  line  fine,  black  at  costa 
only,  faintly  continued  to  the  notch.  A  yellow  marginal  shade  below  the 
notch,  containing  three  black  dots,  in  cells  M3,  Cuj,  Cuo,  the  middle  spot 
notably  weaker  than  the  other  two.  Fringe  white  above  notch,  with  a  faint 
yellow  tint,  lead-gray  below,  but  shading  into  white  again  at  anal  angle.  Hind 
wing  yellowish  white,  with  pure  white  fringe.  Under  side  of  fore  wing  dirty 
yellowish  white  with  the  three  black  marginal  dots  larger  but  less  intense ; 
hind  wing  white.  11  mm.  Two  males,  Schriever,  La.,  June  17,  1917,  taken  at 
light  at  edge  of  woods.     Cornell  U.  type  and  paratype  number  464. 

In  Fernald's  key  this  species  will  run  to  C.  pusionelhis,  but  it  is 
much  smaller,  there  is  a  distinct  black  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
and  the  st.  line  is  single  except  toward  the  costa,  and  much  nearer 
the  outer  margin.  From  C.  albellns  it  differs  in  wing-form,  in  having 
only  three  marginal  dots  above  and  below  instead  of  five,  in  the  two 
median  black  dots,  and  the  white  hind  wings. 

Crambus  immunellus  ZelL,  new  race  minor. 

Our  specimens  are  evidently  varietally  distinct  from  Zeller's  South  Amer- 
ican C.  immunellus  (Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.,  1872,  PI.  2,  {.  6;  Horae  Soc.  Ent.  Ross., 
13,  47,  1877),  but  seem  more  closely  related  to  it  than  to  the  northern  C. 
elegans.  This  form  is  smaller  than  elegans  or  immunellus,  the  ground  largely 
whitish  with  a  rather  distinct  blackish  shade  along  the  costa,  which  is  cut  by 
the  strong  oblique  white  median  and  subterminal  bars,  but  extends  well  beyond 
the  latter.  The  blackish  marking  on  the  inner  margin  is  smaller  than  in 
elegans  and  tends  to  be  divided  on  A,  but  is  black  rather  than  brownish.  The 
submarginal  line  is  suffused  except  at  the  costa,  with  only  traces  of  a  pale 
center-line,  and  tends  to  be  a  little  dentate,  especially  on  its  inner  border. 
It  turns  sharply  away  from  the  outer  margin  toward  the  costa  and  meets  the 
costa  barely  four  fifths  way  out.  The  terminal  dots  are  much  heavier  than 
in  C.  elegans,  the  first  two  being  elongate  and  almost  running  together.  The 
hind  wing  and  under  side  appear  paler  than  in  elegans,  and  the  labial  palpi 
are  white  with  heavy  blackish  bars  covering  half  the  surface  of  the  second 
and  third  joints,  instead  of  the  solidly  darker  outer  face  of  elegans.  From 
typical  immunellus  the  form  may  be  distinguished  by  the  suffused,  mostly  dark 
submarginal  line,  the  smaller  size,  and  probably  more  intensely  black  dorsal 
crescent;  from  C.  polingi  by  the  small  size  and  separate  terminal  dots.  10 
to  12  mm.  Two  males,  both  at  light.  Type  Biloxi,  Miss.,  June  13,  1917; 
paratype  Schriever,  La.,  June  17,    191 7,  Cornell  U.  number  465. 

C.  teterrellus  Zell. 

The  dominant  species  in  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Louisiana. 
C.  coloradellus  Fern.     Mesquite,  near  Mesilla  Park,  N.  M.,  July  12,   1917. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.I       FORBES  :    NoTES   OX    THE    CrAMBIN.E.  221 

C.  intermedius  Kcarfott.  Gillett  (Karnes  Co.),  Tex..  June  25,  1917;  Rich- 
mond, Tex.,  June  22,  1917;  Columbus,  Tex.,  May  21,  1918. 

C.  nevadellus  Kearf.     Victorville,  Cal.,  May  30,  1918. 

C.  dimidiatellus  Grt.  Mesquitc,  near  Mesilla  Park,  X.  M..  July  12,  1917; 
Phoenix,  Ariz.,  May  7-8,   1918. 

Genus  Haimbachia  Dyar. 

The  condition  of  the  tongue  seems  unstable  in  closely  related 
species  of  the  Crambince,  and  the  presence  of  the  ocelli  would  seem  a 
better  character  to  separate  this  genus  from  Diatrcva.  Sc  of  the  hind 
wing  also  appears  a  little  shorter.  I  believe  the  genus  should  be  ex- 
tended to  include  damon,  squamidclla,  prosenes  and  parallela.  H. 
damon  has  reduced  ocelli  distant  from  the  eye,  and  will  form  a  tran- 
sition to  Di-atrcra,  but  I  cannot  see  the  connection  with  Plafytes. 
Squamidella,  prosenes  and  parallela  do  not  seem  to  differ  in  any  sig- 
nificant way  from  placidella,  in  fact  squamidella  is  very  close.  The 
latter  is  generally  confused  with  a  related  species  which  has  a  well- 
marked  conical  front,  but  if  I  am  right  in  my  determination  the  front 
is  smooth  in  the  true  squamidella.  Parallela  is  different  in  appear- 
ance, but  the  rest  immediately  suggest  placidella  in  the  course  of  the 
t.  p.  line  close  to  the  margin.  Venosalis  Dyar  should  be  compared 
with  Diatrcra.     (Ins.  Ins.  Men.,  5,  87.) 

Genus  Thaumatopsis  Morrison. 

T.  pectinifer  Zell.     Victoria,  Tex.,  June  24,  1917,  at  light. 
T.  edonis  Grt.     Brown's  Mills,  N.  J.,  Sept.  i,  1919. 

Genus  Ommatopteryx  Kirby. 

0.  texana  Rob.  New  Braunfcls,  Tex.,  June  26,  1917;  Texas  Pass,  Ariz.,  July 
19,   1917,  Xeedles,  Cal.,  Apr.  1-6,  1918;  Indio,  Cal.,  May   i,   1918. 

Examination  of  the  genitalia  shows  that  our  species  is  structurally 
distinct  from  the  old-world  O.  ocellea.  The  principal  difference  is  in  /^^^ 
the  row  of  spines  on  the  sedeagus,  which  consists  of  13  or  14  rather 
short  and  similarly  formed  spines  in  our  species,  but  in  ocellea  has 
two  types  of  spines,  the  twelve  or  fourteen  proximal  much  like  these 
of  ours,  but  followed  by  a  more  distal  series  of  nearly  as  many  more 
slender  closely  crowded  spines. 


222         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 

Genus  Argyria  Hiibner. 

Our  species  of  this  genus  form  two  clean-cut  groups.  The  typical 
section  has  palpi  projecting  about  as  far  as  the  length  of  the  head, 
rounded  and  not  prominent  front,  and  Sc  free  and  nearly  straight, 
as  usually  described.  It  includes  A.  nivalis,  rileyella,  argentana,  lac- 
teella  and  the  majority  of  the  tropical  species.  The  other  group, 
with  A.  oiiratella  (including  its  southern  form  piilcJiella) ,  A.  critica, 
described  below,  and  doubtless  Dyar's  A.  joncsclla  from  the  neotrop- 
ical region,  has  much  longer  palpi,  as  long  as  the  thorax,  more  or  less 
conical  front  and  Sc  anastomosing  with  R.  The  tongue  is  also 
weaker  and  the  species  approach  Diafrcca,  differing  mainly  in  the 
rather  shorter,  stouter  palpi,  presence  of  ocelli,  and  silvery  coloring. 

A.  rileyella  Dyar. 

There  is  a  specimen  in  our  collection,  taken  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Bradley 
at  Spring  Creek  (Decatur  Co.)  Ga.,  May  18-21,  1916;  which  defi- 
nitely fixes  this  species  as  North  American.  Dr.  Barnes  has  also 
a  series  from  Southern  Pines,  N.  C.  It  was  described  without  local- 
ity, and  does  not  appear  in  our  lists. 

A.  argentana  Martyn.     Richmond,  Tex.,  June  22,  and  Wharton,  Tex.,  June  24, 

1917- 
A.  lacteella  F.     .Ma.,  La.  and  Miss.,  June,  1917. 
A.  auratella  pulchella  Walk. 

This  name  may  be  applied  to  the  small  southern  form  of  A.  aura- 
tella j  which  does  not  appear  to  differ  in  markings.  Devers.  Tex., 
June  21,  1917. 

Argyria  critica,  new  species. 

This  form  is  very  close  to  auratella  and  may  not  be  distinct,  but  as  it 
differs  visibly  in  frontal  structure,  and  will  run  differently  in  Dyar's  key  (Ins. 
Ins.  Men.,  i,   iii),  it  may  receive  a  name. 

Front  rounded  out,  about  a  quarter  as  far  as  width  of  eye,  and  much 
less  prominent  than  in  A.  auratella.  Male  antennae  not  quite  so  broad  as  in 
male  auratella.  Sc  and  R  of  fore  wing  anastomosing.  Silver  white,  marked 
with  golden  yellow.  Head  yellow,  face  white  with  yellow  borders ;  vertex 
broadly  white.  Palpi  yellow,  white  on  upper  side  and  at  tips.  Collar  yellow 
with  a  white  middorsal  band.  Thorax  white  with  a  triangular  golden  yellow 
patch  on  each  side  of  disc,  partly  covered  by  the  white  tegulae.  Under  side 
white,  front  of  fore  coxa,  remainder  of  fore  legs  and  outer  face  of  middle  legs 
yellow.     Abdomen  white. 


Sept.-Dec,   1920.]      FoRBES  :    NOTES   ON    THE    CrAMBIN.12.  223 

Fore  wing  white,  costal  edge  finely  edged  with  yellow,  hardly  showing 
above.  A  broad,  somewhat  irregular  oblique  median  fascia  from  costa  at 
three  fifths,  to  inner  margin  at  two  fifths,  extending  somewhat  outward  along 
costa  and  inward  along  inner  margin,  but  not  out  along  inner  margin.  It  is 
partly  edged  with  brown  and  black  scales.  There  is  no  trace  of  yellow  on 
distal  half  of  inner  margin.  Terminal  line  umber  brown,  fringe  yellow,  shin- 
ing, rather  deeper  at  base.  Hind  wing  wliitr.  Under  side  of  fore  wing  with 
a  slight  yellow  tint,  deepening  on  the  fringe.  15  mm.  Gibsonville,  N.  C, 
June  3,  1917.  Type  and  paratype  males  in  Cornell  U.  collection,  type  number 
466.  Trenton,  Ont.,  July  6,  191 1;  Caldwell,  X.  J.,  July  30,  1904;  Mt.  Airy, 
Pa.  (P.  Laurent);  Xew  Brighton,  Pa.,  July  5— Aug.  9;  Everglade.  Fla.,  Apr. 
8-15:  Hastings,  Fla..  Apr.;  paratypis  in  Barnes  collection.  Utica.  X.  Y., 
July   14,   1918  (C.  R.  Crosby). 

Our  species  of  Argyria  may  be  separated  as  follows : 

Fore  wing  with  transverse  golden  fascia,  palpi  long,  R,  joining  Sc. 

Outer  half  of  inner  margin  yellow  auratella. 

Larger,  16  mm race  auratella. 

Smaller,    i  o   mm race   pulchella. 

Outer  half  of  inner  margin  white   critica. 

Fore  wing  with  faint  transverse  line  or  none,  palpi  short.  R,   free. 
Head  white,  palpi  largely  white. 

Vertex   all   yellow,   fore   wing  with   a   black   subapical   bar.    10   mm. 

lacteella. 

^'ertex  white  in  center,  no  subapical  bar.   iS  mm nivalis. 

Head  and  palpi  deep  yellow. 

A  golden  streak  along  inner  margin,  no  transverse  markings,  .argentana. 

Inner  margin  wholly  white  ;  a  faint  excurved  transverse  line  and  apical 

streak    rileyella. 

Genus  Platytes  Guenee, 

P.  multilineatella  llulst.     Theodore,  Ala.,  June   12,   1917;   Biloxi,  Miss.,   Tune 

13.  19' ;• 
P.  panalope  Dyar.     Biloxi,  Miss.,  June  13,  1917. 

Genus  Eoreuma  Ely. 

E.   densellus  Zell.      Sabine   River   Ferry.   La.,   opposite   Orange.   Tex.,  June  20, 
1917  ;  Dcvers,  Tex..  June  21. 

The  specimens   show  definitely   the  characters  of  Eoreuma.  with 
Rj  free  and  R.,  stalked. 

Genus  Chile   Zincken. 

"  Diatrcca''  allcni  and  diffcrciitiiilis,  and  "Cliilo"  forbcscllus  and 
comptulalis  have  R,  free  like  Chilo.  Init  lack  ocelli,  like  Diatrcva  and 


224         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     r^oi.  xxviii, 

lesta.  They  would  seem  to  go  together,  and  with  our  present  tend- 
ency to  emphasize  ventational  characters  would  naturally  be  placed 
in  Chilo.  The  larva  of  the  type  of  Cliilo  differs  from  that  of  Diatrcca 
in  having  only  two  lengths  of  hooks  on  the  prolegs,  and  having  the 
circle  open  on  the  outer  side,  so  that  when  the  larvae  of  other  species 
become  known  we  are  likely  to  have  collateral  evidence. 

Genus  lesta  Dyar. 

I.  lisetta  Dyar.     Ft.  Myers,  Fla.,  May,  1916;  J.  C.  Bradley;  Leroy,  Ala.,  June 
II,  1917. 

Genus  Diatraea  Guild. 

D.  evanescens  Dyar.     Biloxi,  Miss.,  June   13,   1917;   Schriever,  La.,  June   17; 

Richmond,  Tex.,  June  22. 
D.  saccharalis  F. 

The  early  stages  of  this  species  show  some  unexpected  characters, 
necessitating  a  widening  of  the  definition  of  the  subfamily.  The 
larva  shows  the  general  characters  of  the  family  Pyralidae,  with 
simple  setae,  bisetose  prespiracular  wart,  iv  and  v  of  the  abdomen  on 
the  same  tubercle,  and  a  complete  circle  of  irregularly  triordinal 
hooks  on  the  prolegs.  The  other  characters  are  as  follows :  Vertex 
closed,  adf.  ending  abruptly  about  a  third  way  up  to  vertex;  front 
small  and  quite  narrow.  Prothorax  with  cervical  shield  normal ; 
beta  higher  than  alpha,  delta  higher  than  gamma,  and  slightly  behind 
beta,  gamma,  epsilon  and  rho  forming  nearly  an  equilateral  triangle, 
closer  together  than  the  other  setae.  Prespiracular  and  subventral 
each  with  two  setae,  horizontally  placed.  Meso-  and  metathorax  sim- 
ilar, with  ia  +  b,  iia  +  b;  iv  +  v  on  a  small  plate,  and  iii  on  the  pos- 
terior edge  of  a  large  one;  vii  of  two  setae  (like  the  Galleriinae, 
Cramhus  has  a  single  seta),  lateral  minute  primaries  on  a  large  plate; 
scutellum  large,  chitinized,  without  setae.  Abdomen  (A3-6)  normal, 
with  iii  nearly  above  spiracle,  iv  above  and  slightly  behind  v  on  the 
same  tubercle,  vii  of  three  small  setae,  the  posterior  slightly  the  long- 
est; hooks  of  prolegs  irregularly  bi-  and  tri-ordinal.  A2  similar,  the 
setae  vii  in  a  triangle,  Ai  with  2  setae  vertically  placed.  A7  has  two 
horizontally  placed  setae.  A8  has  the  spiracles  enlarged,  facing  back 
and  much  nearer  dorsal  line,  with  iii  directly  in  front ;  the  plates  of 
i  and  ii  fused  across  the  dorsal  line  and  vii  single.  On  A9  ii  is  fused 
across  the  dorsal  line  as  in  many  Tortricids,  iii   (rho)   is  minute  on 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]       FORBES  :    NOTES   ON    THE    CrAMBIN.^.  225 

the  lower  edge  of  the  plate  of  i.  iv  and  vi  are  lost,  vii  simple.  These 
characters  are  crambid  except  for  the  preservation  of  a  second  seta 
at  the  bases  of  all  the  true  legs;  the  type  differs  from  the  Galleriinae 
in  the  nearly  vertical,  rather  than  horizontal  placing  of  the  setae  iv 
and  V  on  the  abdomen,  the  partly  triordinal.  rather  than  uni-  and  bi- 
ordinal  hooks,  and  the  placing  of  the  setoe  of  A9  which  are  in  a 
nearly  vertical  series.  Chilo  phragmilcUus  also  has  the  double  setae 
on  T  2  and  3,  so  I  suspect  Fracker's  specimen  of  C.  plejadellus  was 
defective;  pJiniymitcllus  differs  in  having  rho  of  the  i)rothorax 
rather  lower  than  epsilon  and  distant  from  gamma  as  well  as  the 
different  proleg  mentioned  above,  but  has  the  characteristic  last 
spiracle  of  Diatrcco. 

The  pupa  of  D.  saccharalis  is  similarly  aberrant,  and  also  shows 
some  characters  of  the  Galleriinae.  It  is  typical  of  the  Pyralidae,  but 
will  run  to  the  Galleriinae  in  Miss  Mosher's  key,  on  account  of  the 
short  maxillae,  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  fore  wings,  and  obscure 
pilifer.  There  is  no  middorsal  ridge  on  the  body  and  the  sculpture  is 
of  raised  reticulations  rising  into  pyramidal  points,  rather  than  of 
spines.  The  prothorax  is  Galleriid,  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  meso- 
thorax.  The  other  characters  are :  head  with  anterior  rugosities, 
obscuring  the  sutures,  prothorax  nearly  3%  mesothorax  in  greatest 
length,  mesothorax  with  prominent  sharp  shoulders  at  base  of  wings, 
overhanging  deep  grooves  on  the  prothorax ;  labrum  on  ventral  sur- 
face of  body;  maxillae  3^,  the  fore  legs  meeting  behind  them;  labial 
palpi  lanceolate,  as  long  as  middle  width  of  tongue,  max.  palpi  a 
minute  triangle  at  base  of  middle  legs,  fore  femora  visible ;  Aid  well 
set  off  by  a  dorsal  and  lateral  transverse  groove,  with  shallow  lateral 
furrow;  cremaster  obsolete,  represented  by  a  system  of  pyramidal 
points  on  last  three  segments,  without  obvious  setae. 

Genus  Loxocrambus  new  genus. 

This  form  is  evidently  a  derivative  of  Crambus,  differing  mainly 
in  the  reduced  costal  venation  and  very  early  separation  of  M,  from 
Sc  and  R  in  the  hind  wing.  It  will  run  to  CuUadia  in  Hampson's 
key,  but  differs  in  wing  form,  and  in  the  anastomosis  of  Sc  and  R. 
The  two  genera  appear  to  be  separately  derived  from  different  groups 
of  Crambus.  So  far  as  I  know,  the  secondary  apex  at  M.,  is  unique 
in  the  Pvralids. 


226         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^oi.  xxviii, 

Head  about  as  in  Crambus.  Male  antennae  slightly  prismatic. 
tongue  very  weak,  but  coiled.  Ocelli  present.  Eyes  large.  Thorax 
and  legs  scaly,  normal.  Fore  wing  with  the  apex  rounded  over,  trun- 
cate, with  a  slightly  increased  curvature  over  Ry+^+r,,  but  with  the 
apparent  apex  at  M3.  Cu-stem  higher  than  usual  in  the  wing,  with  a 
very  wide  space  between  it  and  second  A,  but  without  any  trace  of 
first  A.  Three  radials  only,  the  first  short,  running  into  Sc,  which 
ends  free  in  the  membrane ;  the  other  two  also  free,  and  not  quite 
reaching  the  margin.  M^  free,  normal.  M.,  and  .,  connate,  cell  open, 
third  A  obsolescent,  free,  as  usual.  Hind  wing  with  base  of  R  obso- 
lete, Mj^  apparently  arising  free,  a  third  way  out  from  i)ase,  but 
obscurely  connected  with  Sc  +  R.  which  immediately  diverge  from 
it  and  separate  from  each  other  two  thirds  way  out  to  the  apex. 
Cell  open,  with  hardly  a  trace  of  the  discocellular,  abnormally  short 
on  the  anterior  side,  as  indicated  by  the  early  separation  of  M.^  from 
Sc  +  R,  but  abnormally  long  on  the  lower  side, — Cu.,  arising  more 
than  half  way  out  on  the  wing,  widely  separate  from  Cu^.  M.,  and  ,, 
stalked.     All  anals  normal.     Type :  L.  cancUus  n.  sp. 

Loxocrambus  canellus  new  species. 

Light  clay  color,  streaked  with  white  on  the  veins.  Head  white,  palpi 
shaded  with  clay  color  on  outer  side.  Legs  dirty  white,  fore  legs  darkest,  as 
usual.  Thorax  apparently  white  (greasy  in  all  my  specimens),  the  side  of  the 
collar  and  tegulse  clay  color.  Fore  wing  with  costa  and  cell  suffused  with 
white,  leaving  a  little  darker  shading  between  the  veins,  and  some  blackish 
scaling  in  the  upper  outer  portion  of  the  cell.  Cell  Mj  white,  except  narrowly 
along  the  veins,  from  discal  cell  to  outer  line,  indicating  the  fold.  Inner  line 
even,  dark  gray,  forming  an  acute  angle  over  end  of  cell,  enlarging  into  a 
black  spot  and  then  fading  out,  but  more  or  less  traceable  to  middle  of  inner 
margin.  It  tends  to  show  an  ocellate  spot  just  above  A.  Outer  line  dark  gray, 
fine,  even,  about  two  thirds  way  from  inner  line  to  apex,  running  parallel  to 
outer  margin  as  far  as  M. ;  then  turning  obliquely  in,  and  running  nearly 
straight  across  to  anal  angle.  Terminal  space  white  above  M3  and  clay  color 
below,  with  concolorous  veins.  Three  black  spots  in  interspaces  at  apex,  set 
well  back  from  margin.  Fringe  concolorous,  hind  wing  white.  Under  side 
white,  immaculate,  a  little  darkened  toward  costa  of  fore  wing.  15  mm. 
Four  males,  Biloxi,  Miss.,  June  13,  1917,  at  light.  Type-  and  paratypes  in 
Cornell  U.  collection.  No.  467. 

The  larva  is  possibly  a  borer,  as  the  moth  becomes  greasy  much 
more  readily  than  Crambus. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]       WaTSON  :     MISCELLANEOUS    NoTES.  227 

Loxocrambus  mohaviellus  new  species. 

Similar  to  L.  canellus,  but  noticeably  darker  and  slightly  larger. 

Pearl  gray,  shaded  with  ochreous  brown,  especially  above  the  anal  vein 
out  to  the  post-medial  line,  and  along  the  costal  edge  beyond.  Head  pearl 
gray,  much  darker  than  L.  canellus;  the  palpi  darker  on  the  outer  side.  Disc 
of  thorax  concolorous,  the  sides  of  the  collar  and  tegula;  darker  and  browner 
gray  Fore  wing  dull  ochreous,  as  far  as  the  post-medial  line,  the  costal  edge 
and  inner  margin  below  vein  A  pearl  gray.  A  streak  of  blackish  and  white 
dusting  between  Sc  and  R,  and  more  diffuse  streaks  in  outer  part  of  cell, 
below  Cu  and  above  and  below  .\.  A  strong  white  streak  along  Cu.  Post- 
medial  line  whitish  followed  by  brown  the  brown  darkening  into  black  dots 
opposite  end  of  cell  and  on  Cu  ;  the  line  obscure  below  Cuo  in  the  type,  and 
wholly  obscure  in  the  paratype.  Post-medial  region  pearl  gray,  streaked  with 
white  on  the  veins,  except  A,  and  on  the  lower  interspaces.  St.  line  deep 
brown,  followed  with  white.  Terminal  space  pale  pearl  gray,  less  yellowish 
than  in  the  post-medial  region,  shading  into  pale  brown  at  costa,  and  straw 
yellow  along  dorsal  part  of  outer  margin.  Two  terminal  dots,  located  as  in 
L,  canellus.  Terminal  line  in  base  of  fringe  black  on  costa,  obsolete  below. 
Fringe  light,  with  a  black  line  in  outer  part,  and  white  scale-tips.  Hind  wing 
and  legs  pearl  gray.  Under  side  pearl  gray,  terminal  dots  as  above,  and  lines 
in  fringe  brown.  20  mm.  Victorville  (Mohave  River),  Cal.,  April  30,  1918. 
at  light  in  the  town.     Type  and  paratype  male  Cornell   U.,   Xo.  468. 


MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES  AND  RECORDS  OF  LOCAL 

LEPIDOPTERA,    WITH    THE    DESCRIPTION 

OF  A  NEW  FORM.^ 

By  I"'ra.\k  E.  Watson, 
New  York,  X.  Y. 

The  following  records  were  taken,  unless  otherwise  stated,  from 
my  collecting  notes,  in  the  belief  that  they  will  be  of  use  for  state 
and  local  lists  and  it  is  hoped  that  they  will  prove  of  interest  as  well. 
I  have  also  included  the  more  interesting  observations  which  were 
made  while  on  an  automobile  trip,  through  Xew  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania, during  July,  191 7,  as  a  guest  of  Mr.  G.  C.  Hall.  These 
notes  are  enclosed  in  brackets  and  Mr,  Hall  should  be  credited  with 
the  writer  for  them. 

'  Read,  in  part,  before  the  Xew  York  Entomological  Society. 


228  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^oi-  xxviii, 

Papilio  cresphontes  Cramer. 

One  larva,  about  ready  to  pupate,  found  on  gas-plant  or  burning- 
bush,  Dictamnus  alhus  Linne,  in  a  garden  at  Waterbury,  Ct.,  was  re- 
ceived at  the  Museum,  together  with  a  specimen  of  the  food-plant, 
for  determination.     Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

This  garden-plant  is  a  variable  species  of  the  Rue  family  (Ruta- 
ceae)  and  occurs  from  southern  Europe  to  northern  China.  It  has  a 
strong  odor  of  lemon  and  will  give  off  a  flash  of  light  on  sultry 
summer  evenings  when  a  lighted  match  is  held  under  the  flower- 
cluster  near  the  main  stem.^ 

The  above  plant  seems  to  be  fairly  well  known  as  a  food  plant  of 
cresphontes. 

Pieris  protodice  f.  vein,  vernalis  Edwards. 

One  specimen  captured  at  Lakewood,  Ocean  Co.,  N.  J.,  on  April 
26,  1906.     Coll.  F.  E.  W. 

Pieris  rapae  (Linne).  "^ 

One  pupa  found  during  the  latter  part  of  August,  1908,  attached 
to  the  underside  of  a  leaflet  of  Cassia  marylandica.  I  raised  this 
plant  from  seed  in  a  large  flower-pot  on  my  roof  and  it  was  the  only 
plant  there.  The  leaves  were  well  chewed  near  the  pupa,  and  there 
were  no  other  larvae  to  be  found,  so  that  the  rapcv  caterpillar  must 
have  fed  on  the  Cassia,  a  female  in  flying  over  the  roof  having  de- 
posited an  egg  on  it.  A  normal  female  subsequently  emerged.  This 
is  rather  a  strange  food  for  rapce.  Locality,  Morrisania,  New  York 
City.  Coll.  F.  E.  W. 

Eurymus  philodice  (Godart). 

One  nearly  full-grown  larva  was  found  by  W.  A.  Friedle  on  a 
young  plant  of  Robinia  pseudacacia  at  Washington  Heights,  New 
York  City,  September  14,  1916.  It  continued  to  feed  on  this  plant 
until  fully  grown,  making  a  crippled  pupa  from  which  the  adult 
failed  to  emerge. 

Danaus  archippus  (Fabricius). 

About  5  P.  M.  on  July  14,  1907,  while  returning  from  a  collect- 
ing trip  to  Lakehurst,^  I   found  near  South  Lakewood,^  four  nearly 

2  Botanical  notes  by  J.  B.  Keller  in  L.  H.  Bailey's  Standard  Cyclopedia  of 
Horticulture,  Vol.  II,  1914,  p.  1004. 

3  Both  towns  are  in  Ocean  County,  N,  J. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]       WaTSON  :    MISCELLANEOUS    NOTES.  229 

full  grown  larvae  on  a  large  bushy  plant  of  Asclcpias  tubcrosa.  Num- 
ber one  was  resting  on  the  underside  of  a  leaf.  Number  two  was 
eating  the  flowers  of  a  small  cluster  which  projected  horizontally 
from  the  inflorescence.  The  larva  held  on  to  the  main  stalk  just 
below  the  flowers  with  its  fourth  and  anal  pairs  of  prolegs  and  was 
able  to  reach  the  flowers.  It  assumed  a  horizontal  position  but  with 
the  anterior  segments  arched  backward  and  partly  downward.  Num- 
ber three,  on  another  stalk,  was  chewing  the  stem  just  beneath  the 
flower  cluster.  Number  four  was  feeding  on  the  flowers  of  still 
another  cluster.  It  held  on  to  the  stalk  in  the  same  manner  as  num- 
ber two,  with  its  anterior  segments  arched  backward  and  downward. 
The  flower  cluster  upon  which  this  larva  was  feeding  was  hanging 
down ;  the  peduncle  had  been  chewed  partly  through,  a  very  wide 
V-shaped  portion  of  the  stalk  having  been  eaten  out.  A  number  of 
other  flower-heads  on  various  plants  of  A.  tubcrosa  were  observed 
hanging  downward  with  their  stems  partly  cut  through. 

Do  the  larvae  cut  the  stems  so  as  to  assume  a  comfortable  position 
when  feeding,  i.e.,  to  bring  the  food  within  easy  reach,  or  does  the 
attitude  when  feeding  on  the  cut  flower-heads  offer  some  protection  ? 
As  the  larvae  when  feeding  as  described  above  were  directly  beneath 
the  inflorescence,  they  were  somewhat  sheltered  from  the  sun. 

I  have  not  noticed  any  published  notes  of  archippns  larvae  in  the 
last  instar  feeding  on  milkweed  flowers,  although  young  larvae  have 
been  recorded  as  so  feeding  and  eggs  have  also  been  found  among 
the  flowers.  As  a  matter  of  fact.  I  have  a  number  of  times  found 
both  eggs  and  young  larvre  on  the  buds  and  flowers  of  various  species 
of  Asclcpias. 

Early  and  late  records  for  the  imago :  one  specimen  seen  flying 
near  the  Amer.  Mas.  Nat.  Hist.,  on  October  2,  1916;  a  second  speci- 
men was  observed  at  the  same  place,  flying  during  a  light  shower, 
on  April  2t^,  1917. 

Neonympha  phocion  iFahricius). 

[One  fresh  individual  ca])lurcd  at  Richland,  Atlantic  Co.,  N.  J., 
July  17,  191 7.] 

Euphydryas  phaeton   (Drury). 

[Common  at  Cape  May  Court  House,  N.  J.,  July  16,  1917.] 


230         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     ^^°^-  xxviii, 

Polygonia  progne  (Cramer). 

Although  this  species  occurs  in  two  forms,  a  summer  and  a  winter 
or  hibernating  form,  only  the  above  name  has  heretofore  appeared  in 
our  local  lists.  Form  progne  (Cramer)  is  here  applied  to  the  late 
summer  or  autumn  brood  and  from  l-argenteum  Scudder  to  the 
early  summer  generation.  With  a  view  to  adding  the  form  l-argen- 
teum Scudder  to  our  local  lists,  the  following  records  are  offered. 
All  the  material  is  in  my  local  collection  and  was  collected  by  me 
unless  otherwise  stated. 

f.  aut.  progne  (Cramer). 

April  20,  '02,  one  specimen,  Hemlock  Falls,  Essex  Co.,  N.  J. ; 

July  24,  '10,  two  specimens,  Fort  Montgomery,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 

July  31,  '04,  one  very  old  specimen,  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y. ; 

August  2,  '03,  one  specimen,  Sloatsburg,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 

August  30,  '08,  one  specimen,  Andover,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J. ; 

September  8,  '10,  one  specimen.  Big  Island,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 
(Dr.  F.  E.  Lutz),  Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.; 

September  20,  '14,  one  specimen.  Pine  Island,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

September  21,  '10,  one  specimen,  Woodbury  Falls,  Orange  Co., 
N.  Y.  (Dr.  F.  E.  Lutz),  Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.; 

October  11,  '18,  one  fresh  female.  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  New  York 
City,  N.  Y.  (A.  B.  Klots),  Coll.  A.  B.  Klots. 

f.  aest.  l-argenteum  Scudder. 

June  24,  '06,  one  specimen.  Fort  Montgomery,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 

July  I,  '06,  five  specimens,  from  last  mentioned  locality,  one  of 
which  was  collected  by  G.  C.  Hall  and  is  in  his  collection ; 

July  I  and  2,  '09,  one  specimen  each  date.  Greenwood  Lake  Glens, 
Passaic  Co.,  N.  J.; 

July  3,  '03,  one  specimen,  Sloatsburg,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. ; 

July  4,  '05  and  '06,  one  specimen  each  date.  Fort  Montgomery, 
Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Aglais  milberti  (Godart). 

One  specimen  seen  near  the  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,  on  October 
26,    1916.     One   individual   observed   at   Washington   Heights,   New 


Sept.-Dec,  1920.]     Watson  :   Miscellaneous  Notes.  231 

York  City,  on  March  29,  1918.  [Young  larvse  rather  common  on 
Urtica  gracilis  at  !Mashipacong  Pond,  Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.,  July  18, 
1917.] 

Aglais  antiopa  ah.  hygiaea  ( lUycKnriich  ). 

On  September  21,  1907,  a  colony  of  about  seventy-five  larvae  were 
collected  on  a  Popiilus  dcltoidcs  which  was  growing  in  a  street  near 
my  home  in  Morrisania,  New  York  City.  The  larvae  were  on  their 
mats  of  silk  and  about  ready  to  moult  for  the  fourth  time.  As  elm 
could  be  more  easily  procured,  it  was  provided  and  the  larvae,  after 
moulting,  ate  it  readily,  .\bout  fifty  pupae  were  obtained,  which  I 
divided  equally  with  Mr.  Harvey  Mitchell  of  Westwood,  X.  J.  All 
of  the  specimens  from  my  lot,  some  of  which  emerged  as  late  as 
November  6,  were  of  the  typical  form.  From  Mr.  Mitchell's  por- 
tion, tw'O  hygicca  and  six  transitional  specimens  emerged  on  October 
28.     Coll.  F.  E.  W. 

Mr.  Mitchell's  lot  of  pupae  were  not  sent  through  the  mails  but 
carried  by  him  to  his  home  in  Westwood.  They  had  been  placed  by 
me  in  a  tin  box  between  layers  of  cotton  and  travelled,  in  this  manner, 
thirty-five  miles  by  rail.  All  pupae  were  kept  indoors  and  were  not 
subjected  to  any  abnormal  conditions.  Was  the  jarring  in  transit 
the  cause  which  produced  the  aberrant  specimens?  I  have  heard  this 
explanation  given  but  do  not  suggest  it  myself. 

Chlorippe  clyton  f.  proserpina  (Scudder). 

This  form  has  not  heretofore  appeared  in  any  of  our  local  lists 
although  the  typical  form,  clyton  (Boisduval  and  Le  Conte)  is  not  un- 
common in  the  vicinity  of  Maplewood,  Essex  Co.,  N.  J-  and  has  been 
recorded  in  The  Insects  of  New  Jersey,  Report  of  the  New  Jersey 
State  Museum,  1909,  p.  412.  The  form  proserpina  (Scudder)  is  rela- 
tively scarce  and  seems  to  be  confined  largely  to  the  females.  In  a 
very  large  bred  series,  in  my  local  collection,  there  are  only  five 
males  and  thirteen  females.  Transitional  specimens  occur.  The 
emergence  dates  average  from  June  15  to  July  15,  extremes  being 
June  14  and  August  20. 

Heodes  epixanthe  (Boisduval  and  LeConte). 

[Extremely  abundant  in  a  cranberry  bog  near  Toms  River,  Ocean 
Co.,  N.  J.,  July  15,  1917.  Most  of  the  specimens  were  old  and  worn, 
but  a  few  were  freshly  emerged.] 


232  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     [^oi.  xxviii, 

Achalarus  lycidas  (Smith  and  Abbot). 

[One  individual  observed  at  Richhill,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  July  17, 
1917.] 

Polites  manataaqua  (Scudder). 

[One  specimen  taken  at  Palermo,  Cape  May  Co.,  N.  J.,  and  a  sec- 
ond one  at  West  Cape  May,  N.  J.,  July  16,  1917.] 

Poanes  massasoit  (Scudder). 

[One  male,  of  the  typical  form,  and  one  female,  transitional  to  the 
form  suffitsa  (Laurent),  both  in  fresh  condition,  were  captured  at 
Malaga,  Gloucester  Co.,  N.  J.,  July  17,  1917.]  Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist. 

f.  SUffusa   (Laurent). 

[One  male  and  one  female,  both  fresh,  were  taken  at  Malaga, 
Gloucester  Co.,  N.  J.,  July  17,  1917.]  Male  in  collection  G.  C.  Hall; 
female  in  collection  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

Poanes  hobomok  f.  $  pocahontas  ab.  friedlei,  new  aberration. 

This  aberration  diifers  from  typical  pocahontas  (Scudder)  in  the  obsoles- 
cence of  the  white  markings,  particularly  on  the  upper  side  which  is  almost 
immaculate.  Primaries,  above,  with  only  three  subapical  spots  present  and 
much  smaller  than  in  normal  specimens.  The  band  of  white  spots  on  the 
outer  third  of  the  wing  has  almost  completely  disappeared,  the  spots  being 
barely  indicated  by  a  few  diffused  whitish  scales.  There  is  also  a  small 
whitish  spot  in  the  apical  angle  of  the  cell.  Secondaries,  above,  immaculate. 
Primaries,  below,  with  the  spots  repeated,  and  relatively  strong  and  distinct 
but  greatly  reduced  from  those  present  in  normal  individuals.  A  second  small 
spot  here  appears  below  the  first  near  the  distal  end  of  the  cell.  Bluish  gray 
marginal  border  also  reduced.  Secondaries  with  the  pale  wide  central  band 
barely  discernable  owing  to  the  lack  of  the  pale  scaling  generally  present  in 
normal  individuals.  The  pale  spot  near  the  base  between  veins  7  and  8  can 
scarcely  be  made  out.  Bluish  gray  marginal  border  greatly  reduced.  Speci- 
men somewhat  undersized,  expanding  36  mm.'* 

Holotype  female,  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  10, 
1906,  from  the  author's  collection,  now  in  the  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Named 
for  my  friend  Mr.  Wm.  A.  Friedle. 

The  above  specimen  is  one  of  two  which  I  bred  from  eggs  de- 
posited by  a  female  hobomok  (Harris)  captured  in  Van  Cortlandt  Park 

4  Measurements  were  taken  from  the  center  of  thorax  to  each  apex  and 
added. 


Sept.-Dec,    1920.]       WaTSON  :    MISCELLANEOUS    NoTES.  233 

during  the  early  summer  of  1906.  The  larv;e  and  pupcC  were  kept  in 
a  cool  damp  cellar  and  despite  the  fact  that  in  this  vicinity  there  is 
l)ut  one  generation  a  year,  the  two  pup?e  ohtained  produced  a  male 
hobomok  and  the  aberrant  female  pocahontas  (named  above)  during 
September  of  the  same  season.  The  male,  which  emerged  on  Sep- 
tember II.  is  slightly  undersized  and  somewhat  darker  than  average 
specimens  of  hobomok  (Harris).      Male  in  author's  collection. 

Euphyes  conspicua   (Edwards). 

[One  male  and  two  females,  all  in  fresh  condition,  Malaga, 
Gloucester  Co..  N.  J.,  July  17,   191 7.] 

Megistias  fusca   (Grote  and  Robinson). 

[One  old  specimen  taken  at  Cape  May  Court  House,  N.  J.,  July 
17.  1917.] 

Prenes  panoquin  (Scudder). 

[One  specimen  collected  at  Palermo.  Cape  May  Co.,  N.  T.,  and 
another  at  Cape  May  Court  House,  N.  J.,  July  17,  191 7.] 

Samia  cecropia  (Linne). 

On  September  7.  1916.  at  Washington  Heights.  New  "S'ork  City, 
a  nearly  full-grown  cecropia  larva  was  noticed  on  a  wild  cherry  bush 
with  a  Tachinid  fly,  Winthcmia  quadripnsiulafa  (Fabricius)."'  sitting 
near  by.  The  fly  assumed  a  position  on  a  leaf  at  right  angles  to  the 
larva,  its  head  not  quite  touching  it.  It  then  bent  its  posterior  abdominal 
segments  downward  and  forward  and  extended  its  exceedingly  long 
flexible  ovipositor  beneath  its  abdomen,  forward  and  upward  to  the 
level  of  the  top  of  its  head,  or  slightly  higher  and  thence  to  the  dorsal 
region  of  the  posterior  segments  of  the  larva,  in  this  instance,  and 
dejwsited  the  t^^.  A  number  of  eggs  w^ere  thus  laid  before  cap- 
turing the  fly.  Previously  to  the  above  observation,  a  fly,  probably 
this  one,  had  deposited  eggs  on  the  lateral  regions  of  the  anterior 
segments.  The  larva  was  well  covered  with  eggs,  numerous  old 
ones  having  hatched,  black  spots  showing  on  the  larva  at  the  ends  of 
the  eggs  where  the  Tachinid  larvae  had  bored  into  the  caterpillar. 

Three  eggs  laid  this  date  about  12  o'clock  noon,  were  left  on  the 

5  Determined  by  Dr.  J.  Bequaert. 


234         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^^o'-  xxviii, 

larva,  others  were  put  into  a  bottle.  In  both  groups,  eggs  began  to 
hatch  on  the  gth  about  9  A.M.  The  egg  period  is  therefore  about 
two  days. 

The  cecropia  did  not  eat  after  the  8th  and  began  to  decrease  in 
size.    It  died  on  the  13th,  finally  turning  black. 

Full  grown  larvae  were  seen  emerging  on  the  25th  and  kept  on 
emerging  during  the  26th  and  27th.  On  the  evening  of  the  28th, 
four  large  larvae  could  be  seen  in  the  remains  together  with  numer- 
ous small  larvae,  these  latter  perhaps  belonging  to  another  species. 
Some  of  the  large  larvae  formed  pupae  from  which  the  adults  failed 
to  emerge.     Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

Tropaea  luna  (Linne). 

One  nearly  full  grown  larva  was  found  on  hickory,  September  23, 
1916,  at  Pearl  River,  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.  On  April  9,  1917,  a  rather 
undersized  female  of  the  normal  form  emerged,  not  spring  form 
rubrornarginata  Davis.  Mr.  Davis  suggests  that  the  above  is  due  to 
the  pupa  having  been  kept  in  the  house,  i.e.,  under  artificial  condi- 
tions. The  cocoon  was,  however,  kept  in  a  wire  breeding-cage  and 
in  a  very  cold  room.     Coll.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

Macronoctua  onusta  Grote. 

In  June,  1917,  we  received  at  the  Museum,  several  young  larvae 
and  their  workings  in  cultivated  Iris.  These  were  collected  by  Mr. 
R.  G.  Van  Name  in  his  garden  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  where  they  are 
very  destructive  to  his  Iris.  Early  in  September,  Mr.  Van  Name  dug 
up  several  pupae  from  his  Iris  bed  and  sent  them  to  us.  One  imago 
emerged  on  September  20  and  three  on  September  21.  Coll.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 

Phobetron  pithecium  (Smith  and  Abbot). 

On  the  afternoon  of  Sepetmber  2t„  1916,  one  nearly  full-grown 
larva  was  collected  on  white  oak  at  Pearl  River,  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y. 
A  twig  of  the  oak  with  the  larva  was  placed  in  a  satchel  as  I  had  no 
receptacle  for  larvae  with  me.  A  twig  of  hickory  with  a  larva  of 
Tropcca  luna  (Linne)  was  then  placed  on  top  of  the  oak.  About  one 
hour  later  I  looked  into  the  satchel  to  see  how  the  larvae  were  getting 
along  and  found  that  the  pithecium  had,  of  its  own  accord,  left  the 


Sept.-Dec,    19^0.]       WaTSON  :     MISCELLANEOUS    NOTES.  235 

oak  and  was  eating  the  liickory.  It  continued  to  feed  on  the  hickory 
until  the  morning  of  the  25th,  wlien  I  transferred  the  larvae  to  glass 
jars.  The  pitlicciiiDi  was  given  the  white  oak,  on  whicli  it  fed  until 
full-grown,  spinning  a  normal  cocoon. 


WINTER  COLLECTING  NOTES   ON   FLORIDA 
RHOPALOCERA. 

By  E.  L.  Bell, 
Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Under  this  heading  is  given  a  short  account  of  the  experiences  of 
three  amateurs  during  their  visit  to  Florida  during  the  winter,  from 
about  the  middle  of  January,  1920,  to  the  latter  part  of  March,  of 
the  same  year. 

^ly  father,  mother,  and  sister,  none  of  whom  had  had  any  previous 
experience  in  collecting  insects  spent  the  time  mentioned  at  Tampa, 
Florida,  excepting  about  two  weeks  spent  at  Dade  City,  a  small  place 
some  forty  miles  northeast  of  Tampa.  Tampa  is,  of  course,  the  well- 
known  city  on  the  west  coast  of  Florida  about  250  miles  on  the  rail- 
road, southwest  of  Jacksonville,  Florida.  Before  starting  their  trip 
I  gave  them  instructions  in  collecting  and  pinning  the  insects,  and 
supplied  them  with  nets,  cyanide  jars,  pins,  cork-lined  boxes,  etc., 
and  with  some  anxiety  awaited  the  outcome,  for  insects  collected  by 
those  who  have  had  no  experience  whatever  are  not  apt  to  arrive  in 
the  ■'  pink  "  of  condition.  They  collected  for  me  approximately  400 
butterflies,  and  I  was  very  agreeably  surprised  at  the  generally  fine 
condition  of  the  insects  received. 

The  collecting  during  the  latter  part  of  January  was  generally 
pretty  fair,  and  during  the  first  part  of  February,  excepting  for  some 
cool  spells  lasting  from  one  to  two  or  three  days,  the  collecting  was 
even  better,  but  towards  the  end  of  this  month  and  the  first  part  of 
March  a  very  cold  period,  lasting  about  two  weeks  or  a  little  more, 
put  an  effectual  end  to  the  collecting.  After  the  cold  period  had 
ended  and  the  days  became  quite  warm  again  the  best  collecting  of 
all  was  had.    The  weather  was  generally  fine,  with  very  little  rain, 


236 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii, 


and  while  often  the  nights  and  mornings  were  quite  cool,  the  days 
were  warm.  Many  flowers  were  in  bloom  during  the  whole  period  of 
their  stay  and  most  of  the  butterflies  collected  were  taken  on  the 
flowers,  Hesperiidse  especially  frequenting  the  flowers  of  a  species  of 
mint  which  grew  along  the  banks  of  the  Hillsborough  River  on  the 
outskirts  of  Tampa.  Another  favorite  place  in  this  locality  was  along 
a  road  cut  through  the  jungle  of  saw  palmetto,  a  road  not  much  used 
and  an  ideal  place  for  collecting,  although  it  was  more  difficult,  for 
once  the  butterfly  darted  into  the  jungle  it  was  lost.  Many  thistles 
were  in  bloom  and  these  were  also  very  attractive  to  the  butterflies. 

The  specimens  were  sent  to  me  by  parcel  post  as  fast  as  the  boxes 
were  filled  and  some  times  reached  me  only  three  days  after  their 
capture.  It  was  quite  novel,  indeed,  to  me,  to  have  butterflies  cap- 
tured on  the  flowers  out  of  doors,  that — in  case  of  the  large  Papilios 
— hardly  needed  relaxing,  while  here  everything  was  snow  and  ice- 
bound, and  outdoor  collecting  a  long  way  off. 

The  collectors  returned  much  improved  in  health  from  their  out- 
door activities  and  very  enthusiastic  over  their  experiences  in  col- 
lecting. 

The  species  collected  are  listed  below  and  furnish  rather  interest- 
ing early  records  for  a  locality  as  far  north  as  Tampa,  where  the 
temperature  at  times  was  low  enough  to  produce  quite  heavy  frosts, 
and  even  ice  on  two  occasions,  during  the  time  these  records  were 
made.  The  earliest  record  only  in  each  month  is  given,  and  in  some 
cases  many  of  each  species  were  collected  on  other  days  of  the  same 
month.     A  total  of  thirty-seven  species  were  collected. 


Papilio  philenor  Linn. 

Papilio  cresphontes  Cramer 

Papilio  glaucus  Linn. 
Papilio  troilus  texanus  Ehr. 
Papilio  palamedes  Drury. 


Tampa 

Tampa 

Tampa 
Tampa 
Tampa 


Papilio  marcellus  form  floridensis  Holland  Tampa 


Pieris  monuste  Linn. 
Catopsilia  eubule  Linn. 


Zerene  caesonia  Stoll. 


Tampa 
Dade  City 

Tampa 
Tampa. 


February 

6 

{ 

February 

20 

March 

IS 

March 

IS 

March 

14 

March 

14 

{ 

February 

21 

March 

I  I 

February 

21 

January 

i6 

T 

February 

6 

March 

15 

■f 

February 

6 

i 

March 

IS 

Sept.-Dec,    19^0.]  BeLL  :   VVlNTER   COLLECTING    NOTES. 


2s: 


Eurema  nicippe  Cramer 
Eurema  euterpe  Mm. 

Cissia  sosybius  Fabr. 

Dione  vanillae  Linn. 
Phyciodes  phaon  Edwards 
Phyciodes  tharos  Drury 


Vanessa  atalanta  I. inn. 
Vanessa  virginiensis  Drury 

Junonia  coenia  Hubn. 

Basilarchia  archippus  floridensis  Strccker 
Calephelis  virginiensis  Gray 
Strymon  melinus  Hubn. 
Goniurus  proteus  Linn. 

Epargyreus  tityrus  Fabr. 
Thorybes  daunus  Cramer 
Cocceius  pylades  Scudder 

Thanaos  horatius  Scud.  &  Burg. 

Thanaos  teientius  Scud.  &  Burg. 
Thanaos  brizo  somnus  Lintner 
Ancyloxypha  numitor  Fabr. 

Hylephila  phylseus  Drury 

Polites  cernes  Bdv.  &  Lee. 
Polites  baracoa  Lucas 

Polites  brettus  Bdv. 

Atalopedes  campestris  Bdv. 
Lerema  accius  .\bbott  &  Smith 
Lerodea  eufala  Edwards 
Lerodea  maculata  Edwards 


Dade  City 

January 

16 

Tampa 

February 

21 

Dade  Ci 

ty 

January 

21 

Tampa 

r    February 
]     .March 

10 
1 1 

Dade  Ci 

ty 

January 

16 

Tampa 

J    February 
\    March 

22 

8 

Tampa 

February 

5 

Tampa 

C   February 
I    March 

23 

15 

Dade  Ci 

ty 

January 

19 

Tampa 

r    February 
\    ^L■lrch 

9 

'5 

Dade  Ci 

ty 

January 

19 

Tampa 

March 

•5 

Tampa 

r    February 
I   March 

21 

15 

Tampa 

March 

19 

Tampa 

March 

15 

Tampa 

March 

19 

Dade  Ci 

ity 

January 

19 

Tampa 

February 

20 

Tampa 

March 

19 

Tampa 

March 

8 

Tampa 

March 

10 

Tampa 

r    February 
\  March 

10 
1 1 

Tampa 

March 

s 

Tampa 

March 

8 

Tampa 

March 

15 

Tampa 

r   February 
[    March 

6 
10 

Tampa 

r    February 
\   March 

20 
10 

Dade  C 

ity 

January 

19 

Tampa 

March 

14 

Tampa 

f    February 
\    March 

8 

lO 

Tampa 

.'    February 
i_   March 

9 
10 

Tampa 

March 

19 

Tampa 

r    Fel)ruary 
1    March 

8 

iS 

Tampa 

February 

■25 

238         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     tVoi.  xxviii, 

GENERAL  NOTES  ON  THE  LEPIDOPTERA  OF  THE 
CANAL  ZONE,  ISTHMUS  OF  PANAMA. 

Thomas  Hallinan, 
Paterson,  N.  J. 

The  Heliconidae  seem  to  be  more  numerous  in  species  and  indi- 
viduals than  any  other  family  of  Rhopholocera  on  the  Isthmus  and 
their  presence  in  the  dense  jungles  and  forest  groves  adds  a  charm 
of  color  to  the  prevailing  green.  They  are  seldom  seen  in  the  open 
except  on  flowering  shrubs  along  the  trails.  From  about  the  summer 
solstice  to  middle  December  in  the  rainy  season  they  are  very  numer- 
ous on  the  wing  but  adults  are  found  throughout  the  year. 

The  tailless  Papilios  are  found  in  about  the  same  dense  jungle  as 
the  Heliconidae,  favoring  more,  perhaps,  the  water  courses.  Their 
bright  spots  of  sharp  colors  are  very  conspicuous  when  they  fly  about 
in  the  drizzling  rains.  They  are  seldom  seen  on  the  wing  in  the  dry 
season. 

The  Caligos  are  not  commonly  seen  as  they  choose  the  thickets 
of  vine-tangled  shrubbery  for  their  short,  lumbering  flights,  but  they 
are  found  on  the  wing  throughout  the  year. 

The  conspicuous  Morphos  are  very  local  and  are  seldom  seen  ex- 
cept during  November  and  early  December.  In  certain  localities  on 
the  wide  trails  as  many  as  ten  to  twenty  of  the  Morpho  cypris  can  be 
seen  from  dawn  to  about  mid-forenoon,  flying-  high  and  wild.  The 
other  Morphos  fly  lower  and  more  steady  and  are  easily  attracted  by 
bits  of  sugar  cane. 

The  Erycinidae  are  seen  at  all  times  of  the  year  and  are  generally 
found  along  the  open  trails,  resting  on  the  flowers  or  leaves  of 
shrubs  in  the  sunlight.    They  seldom  fly  in  the  thick  jungle. 

In  the  cut-over  areas  and  open  sabannas  are  found  many  of  the 
Hesperidse  and  Pieridse,  the  latter  seem  to  favor  congregating  around 
damp  patches  of  ground  as  they  do  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  The 
more  common  species  found  in  the  open  fields  are  the  Anarta  fatima, 
Anarta  jatrophcea  and  a  species  or  two  of  Junonia. 

In  the  groves  around  Ancon  Hill,  Ageronia  feronia  is  very  notice- 
able when  flying  about  making  a  snapping  noise,  which  can  be  heard 
several  yards. 


Sept.-Dec,   1920.]  ggOK    REVIEWS.  239 

On  the  liill  tops  on  the  hot  fair  clays  from  about  ten  o'clock  in  the 
morning  until  about  one  hour  after  noon,  the  flowering  shrubs  are 
surrounded  by  hundreds  of  butterflies  and  day-flying  moths  of  numer- 
ous species.  Many  species  are  usually  found  at  rest  only  on  these  hill 
tops  and  this  is  especially  true  of  the  tailed  Papilios  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  species  similar  to  the  Papilio  marccllus  which  is  occasionally 
seen  resting  on  damp  patches  of  ground  in  the  low  lands. 

This  predilection  for  the  hill  tops  by  certain  species  among  the 
Lepidoptera  is  a  strange  manifestation  of  their  habits  of  migration. 

Perhaps  the  most  striking  and  spectacular  feature  in  the  habits  of 
the  Lepidoptera  on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  in  fact  among  all  insect 
life  in  this  region,  is  the  occasional  marvelous  migration  of  Uranus 
fulgcns.  During  June  and  July  in  1907  this  diurnal,  asymmetric  moth 
migrated  across  the  Isthmus  in  a  general  easterly  direction  in  vast 
numbers.  Group  counting  indicated  that  the  daily  number  which 
passed  amounted  to  hundreds  of  thousands.  They  flew  no  higher 
than  ten  feet  except  at  obstructions  and  the  maximum  occurred  from 
dawn  until  about  eight  o'clock  in  the  morning  and  from  four  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  until  dusk,  with  a  few  thousand  stragglers  during 
the  other  daylight  hours.  They  flew  along  special  courses  in  a  rapid, 
long  zig-zag  manner  and  the  migration  was  not  interrupted  by  the 
rains.  Of  the  millions  that  passed  I  only  observed  one  at  rest  and 
that  was  on  a  leaf.  In  1908  and  1909  the  migration  was  limited  to  a 
few  thousand  individuals  beginning  in  late  May  and  extending 
through  June  and  into  July  with  the  same  characteristics  as  the  1907 
flight.  In  1915  there  was  another  enormous  migration  but  not  equal 
to  the  number  in  1907,  but  having  the  same  characteristics  as  to  the 
routes,  time,  manner  of  flight  and  the  absence  of  resting  individuals. 
During  these  migrations  Uranxis  fulgcns  was  observed  simultaneously 
at  all  points  on  the  Canal  Zone  and  there  were  about  an  equal  number 
of  males  and  females. 


BOOK   REVIEWS. 


Orthoptera  of  Northeastern  America  with  Especial  Reference 
TO  the  Faunas  of  Indiana  and  Florida.  By  W.  S.  Blatchlev. 
The  Nature  Publishing  Company.  Indianapolis,  1920.  y^j^  pp.,  7 
plates,  246  text  figures,  bibliography,  glossary,  index  to  synonyms 


240         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     ["^"o'-  xxviii, 

and  new  generic  assignments  recognized  in  the  work,  also  general 
index. 

Professor  Blatchley,  to  whose  industry  entomologists  are  already  indebted, 
has  produced  another  book  that  will  gain  for  him  the  thanks  of  many  stu- 
dents of  Nature.  This  time  it  is  about  grasshoppers,  katydids  and  their  kin. 
Following  the  introductory  chapter  on  classification,  structure,  collecting,  pres- 
ervation of  specimens,  etc.,  there  follows  the  "  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the 
Orthoptera  of  the  Eastern  United  States  and  Eastern  Canada."  Under  this 
caption,  which  very  closely  gives  the  scope  of  the  book,  are  included  the  ear- 
wigs or  Dermaptera,  which  are  often  treated  separately.  The  work  is  an 
expansion  of  the  author's  Orthoptera  of  Indiana,  issued  in  1903.  In  the 
present  volume  353  species  and  58  varieties  are  recognized,  of  which  the 
author,  pn  page  4,  states  that  he  has  personally  examined  all  but  five.  There 
are  keys  for  the  separation  of  suborders,  families,  subfamili'es,  genera  and 
species;  each  species  is  also  more  fully  described  under  a  separate  heading, 
with  notes  on  distribution,  song  (if  it  has  one),  habits,  etc.  There  are  also 
many  helpful  illustrations.  The  writers  who  have  made  observations  which 
the  author  has  used  in  preparing  these  accounts  are  given  full  credit,  and  if 
Mr.  Blatchley  does  not  agree  with  their  opinions,  both  sides  are  stated,  so 
that  the  student  will  be  aware  that  doubt  exists. 

It  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  Mr.  Blatchley  does  not  agree  with  some 
other  students  as  to  the  limits  of  certain  species,  or  the  names  by  which  they 
should  be  known.  At  the  present  time  we  do  not  know  exactly  how  many 
species  of  oaks  inhabit  eastern  North  America,  nor  are  botanists  agreed  as 
to  the  names  in  use ;  grasshoppers  have  been  studied  much  less,  and  are  far 
more  elusive.  The  writer,  for  instance,  from  his  experience  afield  and  from 
the  specimens  collected  on  Long  Island  and  Staten  Island,  thinks  that  Sphara- 
gemon  wyomingianum  Thomas  and  Spharagemon  scudderi  Morse  should  be 
considered  as  distinct,  while  Mr.  Blatchley  thinks  that  scudderi  is  a  "  syno- 
nym of  ivyomingiannm,"  but  as  usual  he  devotes  much  space  to  the  dissenting 
opinions.  Gradually  these  matters  will  be  more  fully  adjusted,  and  meanwhile 
the  entomologist  will  be  thankful  that  he  has  at  hand  so  useful  and  accurate 
a  book  containing  information  often  in  great  detail  concerning  the  Orthoptera 
of  eastern  North  America. 

Wm.  T.  Davis. 

Manual  of  the  Orthoptera  of  New  England,  including  the 
Locusts,  Grasshoppers,  Crickets,  and  their  Allies.  By  Albert 
P.  Morse.  Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History. 
Vol.  35,  No.  6,  pp.  197-556,  plates  10-29.    April,  1920. 

This  excellent  work,  which  shows  great  care  in  its  preparation  and  knowl- 
edge of  the  subjects  treated,  has  been  promised  to  students  of  Nature  for 
several  ye'ars,  and  will  now  be  received  with  much  appreciation.     The  intro- 


Sept.-Dec,   1920.]  PROCEEDINGS.  241 

duction  covers  every  phase  of  the  subject,  such  as  history  of  New  England 
Orlhopterology,  collections  of  New  England  Orthoptera,  classification,  anat- 
omy, habits,  geographical  distribution,  methods  of  collecting  and  preserving, 
etc.  The  sequence  of  the  families  is  changed  from  that  of  Mr.  Scudder's 
catalogue  of  1900,  and  more  nearly  conforms  to  that  of  Westwood  and  Kirby, 
except  that  the  long-horned  grasshoppers  or  Tettigoniidre  precede  the  crickets. 
A  further  change  has  been  made  in  placing  the  burrowing  crickets  and  pygmy 
locusts  last  in  their  respective  families. 

The  total  number  of  Orthoptera  and  Dermaptera  recorded  from  New 
England  is  132,  of  which  probably  104  are  native  and  28  introduced.  Un- 
doubtedly several  other  species  known  to  occur  in  the  State  of  New  York 
will    in  time  be  found   in   New   England. 

In  the  account  of  the  broad-winged  katydid,  Pterophylla  camellifolia, 
there  is  a  quotation  from  Dr.  Harris  stating  that  the  eggs  of  that  species  are 
laid  in  two  contiguous  rows  along  the  surface  of  a  twig,  the  bark  of  which 
is  previously  shaved  off  or  made  rough  with  her  piercer.  Dr.  Harris  in  his 
"  Insects  Injurious  to  V^egetation  "  states  that  he  is  "  indebted  to  Miss  Morris 
for  specimens  of  these  eggs."  Evidently  Miss  Morris  sent  the  Doctor  the 
eggs  of  Microcentrum  and  not  of  Pterophylla,  for  wc  have  se\  cral  times  seen 
the  broad-winged  katydid  laying  its  eggs  in  slits  in  pine  bark  and  in  that  of 
the  common  locust.  Others  have  had  similar  experience.  Dr.  Packard.  Wm. 
Saunders  and  Prof.  Kellogg  all  make  the  same  or  nearly  the  same  statement 
regarding  the  eggs  of  the  broad-winged  katydid,  and  all  no  doubt  copied  from 
Dr.  Harris. 

On  the  six  colored  plates  some  of  the  more  strikingly  marked  species  are 
shown,  also  the  several  kinds  of  tree-crickets,  while  most  of  the  other  plates 
are  devoted  to  finely  executed  outline  figures  of  structural  characters.  There 
is  an  accented  list  of  scientific  names,  also  a  glossary. 

Wm.  T.  D.wis. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  ENTOMO- 
LOGICAL SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  M.\Rcn   16. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomolof,ncal  Society  was  held  at 
8  P.  M.  on  March  16,  1920.  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
Vice-President  John  D.  Sherman,  Jr.,  in  the  chair,  with  nineteen  (19)  members 
and  five  visitors  present. 

The  Treasurer  read  a  letter  from  Farmer's  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  acknowl- 
edging addition  of  $100  to  the  Permanent  Fund. 

Mr.  E-  A.  Smith,  2  Arden  St.,  New  York  City,  was  elected  an  active 
member. 

Several    items    in    current    numbers    of    "  Science  "    were    read.      Mr.    John 


242         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii, 

J.  Davis,  present  as  a  visitor,  spoke  of  the  manifesto  adopted  at  St.  Louis  on 
December  30,  1919,  by  the  Entomological  Society  of  America,  and  on  January 
2,  1920,  by  the  American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists,  and  it  was 
discussed  by  Dr.  Lutz,  Messrs.  Davis,  Lutz  and  Sherman. 

Mr.  Comstock,  under  the  title  "  Notes  on  African  Lycaenidae,"  spoke  of 
the  development  and  distribution  of  this  family  of  butterflies  in  the  Ethiopian 
region,  illustrating  his  remarks  by  specimens  of  about  one  sixth  of  the  known 
species,  and  by  the  works  of  Aurivillius  (Rhopalocera  sethiopica  <  K.  Sv.  Vet. 
Ak.  Hand.  1 898-1 899)  and  Bethune  Baker  (Rev.  African  Lycsenesthes  <  Trans. 
Ent.  Soc.  London,  191 0).  A  large  part  of  the  specimens  shown  were  collected 
by  Miss  McKenzie,  a  missionary  in  the  Kameruns.  Mr.  Comstock,  after  ex- 
hibiting maps  of  Africa,  arranged  to  show  its  physical  characteristics  and 
faunal  sub-regions,  pointed  out  that  the  development  of  the  Lycsenidse  was 
remarkable,  constituting  one  third  of  all  the  butterflies  ;  and  the  distribution 
of  one  of  the  subfamilies  Lipteninse  almost  confined  to  the  Ethiopian  region, 
West  Africa  being  especially  their  home  ;  while  the  Lycseninse  were  found  in 
all  the  sub-regions  of  Africa.  The  work  of  all  authors  since  Linnaeus  was 
reviewed,  Hewitson,  Trimen  and  Bethune-Baker  having  described  the  largest 
number  of  species. 

The  following  tables   of  distribution  were  given  : 


LlPTENIN^. 

Genera. 

West    Africa     18 

South    Africa    6 

East    Africa    4 

Mascarene       none 

Lycenin^. 

Genera. 

West   Africa    19 

South    Africa    19 

East   Africa 15 

Mascarene      8 


Species. 

166 

13 

19 

none 


Species. 

212 

146 

134 

32 


Dr.  Avenoff,  present  as  a  visitor,  spoke  of  the  isolation  of  the  African 
Lycaenidae  and  of  the  uncertain  boundary  between  the  Palaearctic  and  Ethio- 
pian regions.  He  exhibited  maps  showing  a  transition  region  appeared  to 
intervene  between  them,  which  might  be  traced  through  Arabia  even  to  British 
India. 

Dr.  Bequaert  said  that  Dr.  Avenoft's  idea  of  a  strict  limit  for  the  bulk 
of  the  species  and  an  extra  limit  for  straying  insects  was  interesting.  He 
gave  the  botanical  idea  of  the  distribution  of  acacia  as  establishing  the  north- 
ern limit  of  the  Ethiopian  region,  and  pointed  out  that  it  was  supported  by 
the  distribution  of  honey  birds  and  snails. 


Sept.-Dec,   1920.]  PROCEEDINGS.  243 

The  occurrence  of  certain  plants  and  insects  in  the  highlands  of  the  east 
coast  was  due  to  elevation. 

Mr.  Wm.  T.  Davis  exhibited  a  number  of  specimens  of  the  cicada  Okana- 
godes  gracilis  recently  described  in  the  Journal  of  the  New  York  Ento- 
mological Society  from  Utah  and  Arizona.  Recently  he  had  received  two 
additional  males  from  Bagdad,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  California,  August  6, 
1919  (Rchn  and  Hebard).  Mr.  Morgan  Hebard,  who  collected  the  speci- 
mens, reported  that  they  were  found  on  low  plants,  mid  an  arid  environment. 
He  was  attracted  by  the  song,  which  he  first  thought  was  produced  by  an 
Orthopterous  insect.  The  cicadas  ceased  singing  when  he  was  still  some  dis- 
tance from  them,  which  made  their  final  detection  rather  difficult. 

Meeting  of  April  6. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held  at 
8  P.  M.  on  April  6,  1920,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Presi- 
dent L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with  seventeen  (17)  members  present. 

Dr.  Frank  H.  Chittenden,  Washington,  D.  C,  was  elected  an  active 
member. 

Dr.  \\'a!ther  Horn's  request  for  exchange  was  referred  to  the  Librarian. 

Mr.  Davis  read  letters  from  E.  B.  Williamson  in  Venezuela,  Dr.  W.  T. 
M.  Forbes  in  Panama  and  R.  P.  Dow  in  California. 

Dr.  Bequaert  made  some  "  Remarks  on  Dolichopodidae,"  in  which  he 
pointed  out  first  the  characters  of  these  small  flies  in  venation,  second  basal 
cell  always  united  with  discal  cell,  and  the  bend  or  kink  in  fourth  vein  ;  also 
their  frequently  being  greenish  metallic  in  color;  and  secondly  the  remarkable 
variety  in  their  male  characters,  as  illustrated  in  Herman  Loew's  monograph 
of  1864  (S.  M.  C,  No.  171).  He  showed  his  own  collection  and  that  of  Mr. 
Burns,  also  a  small  European  collection,  pointing  out  the  absence  of  striking 
faunal  differences,  and  the  opportunity  for  further  study,  Mr.  Burns'  collec- 
tion containing  seven  species  new  to  the  New  Jersey  List  and  one  species  new 
to  science.  Passing  to  the  habits,  he  said  the  adults  were  not  found  on  flowers 
or  at  light  but  by  sweeping  low  meadows,  on  rocks  in  wet  places,  on  moss 
about  springs  and  sometimes  on  the  bark  of  trees.  Of  the  larvae  there  was 
much  to  learn  ;  Marchand  had  bred  Argyra  from  larva:  found  in  mud  among 
Tabanids ;  all  the  larvae  were  carnivorous  and  cannibals,  adding  to  the  difficulty 
of  breeding  them ;  some  are  known  to  attack  Scolytid  larvae,  A  paper  on 
Diptera  Danica  IV  by  Lundbeck  in   1912  contains  useful  data. 

Dr.  Sturtcvant  added  some  details  indicating  that  the  prey  of  the  adults 
is  not  always  enclosed  by  the  proboscis. 

Mr.  Schaeffer,  under  the  title  "  Donaciae  of  New  York  State."  gave  a 
remarkable  exhibition  of  minute  information  on  this  puzzling  group.  He 
pointed  out  that  in  two  especially  plastic  species,  cincticoruis  and  subtilis, 
the  characters  he  had  found  constant  in  a  very  large  material  indicated  more 
species   than   were   recognized   in   the   last   published    synopsis.     Some   of   these 


244  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     tVoi.  xxviii, 

had  been  described  by  early  authors  and  erroneously  sunk  in  synonymy,  such 
as  episcopalis  Lacordaire  and  californica  and  dives  LeConte ;  others  would 
be  described  by  him  in  a  forthcoming  revision  of  the  genus. 

The  New  Jersey  List,  according  to  his  studies,  would  require  revision  by 
changing  proxima  to  episcopalis  Lee,  distincta  to  torosa  Lee,  striking  out 
hypoletica  and  femoralis  and  kirbyi  as  synonyms  and  adding  six  species  de- 
scribed by  Blatchley  and  himself. 

In  discussing  the  species  of  New  York  State,  24  in  number,  Mr.  Schaetfer 
was  unable  to  finish  on  account  of  the  late  hour,  but  pointed  out  the  possi- 
bility of  specimens  heretofore  called  hypolenca  being  dimorphic  forms  of 
palmata  and  the  curious  fact  that  the  European  subgenus  Plateumaris  is 
apparently  more  separable  there  than  here,  while  our  species  harrisi  appar- 
ently belongs  to  a  subgenus  not  represented  in  Europe,  characterized  by  third 
antennal  joint  longer  than  fourth. 

In  general  Mr.  Schaeffer  favored  a  recognition  of  more  species  and  ele- 
vating varieties  like  proxima  to  specific  rank. 

Meeting  of  April  20. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held  in 
the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  at  8  P.  M.  on  April  20,  1920,  Vice- 
President  John   D.   Sherman,   Jr.,   in   the   chair,   with    1 1    members  present. 

The  Outing  Committee  announced  an  excursion  to  Greenwood  Lake  on 
Sunday,  May  2d,  in  conjunction  with  the  Brooklyn  Entomological   Society. 

Mr.  Davis  read  letters  from  John  J.  de  Vyver  and  H.  H.  Ruckes. 

Mr.  Davis  spoke  on  the  Cicadas  of  the  genus  Platypedia  and  its  allies, 
placing  the  older  names  with  certainty  and  discussing  the  value  of  the  vena- 
tion and  cells  in  generic  classification.  His  remarks,  which  were  copiously 
illustrated  by  series  of  specimens,  will  be  printed  in  full. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  continued  his  discussion  of  the  Donaciee  of  New  York 
State,  giving  the  following  list  of  the  species  he  had  recognized,  with  the 
diagnostic  characters  of  each  as  printed  in  our  December  Journal: 

1.  D.  hirticollis  Kirby. 

2.  D.  cincticornis  Newm. 

3.  D.  proxima  Kirby. 

4.  D.  proxima  episcopalis  Lee. 

5.  D.  piscatrix  Lee. 

6.  D.  palmata  Oliv. 

7.  D.  rufescens  Lee. 

8.  D.  edentata  Schffr. 

9.  D.  parvidens  Schffr. 

10.  D.  curticollis  Knab. 

1 1.  D.  rugosa  Lee. 

12.  D.  siibtilis  Kunze. 

13.  D.  liebecki  Schffr. 


Sept-Dec,    1920.]  PROCEEDINGS.  245 

14.  D.   megacoruis  Blatch. 

15.  D.  crqualis  Sny. 

16.  D.  torosa  Lee. 

17.  D.  tuberculata  Lcc. 

18.  D.  harrisi  Lee. 

19.  D.  serricauda  Sehffr. 

20.  D.  pusilla  dives  Lee. 

21.  D.  emarginata  Kirby. 

22.  D.  metallica  Ahr. 

23.  D.  flavipes  Kirby. 

24.  D.  r»/a  Say. 

He  also  discussed  the  relation  of  our  species  to  those  of  the  Pala;aretic  region. 

Mr.  Mutchler  spoke  of  the  single  species  occurring  in  Cuba  and  Dr. 
Bequaert  of  the  African  species. 

Mr.  Leng  exhibited  for  Mr.  Davis  Cicindela  pilatei,  taken  at  Dayton, 
Texas,  June  22,  1917,  by  Dr.  Bequaert;  also  a  copy  of  Cowan's  "  Curious  Facts 
in  the  History  of  Insects." 

Mr.  Davis  spoke  of  R.  Hebcr  Howe,  Jr.,  "  Manual  of  the  Odonata  of 
Xew  England,"  being  a  Memoir  of  the  Thoreau  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
Concord,  Mass.,  March,  1917,  to  March,  1920,  in  which  156  species  are  named 
as  compared  with   124  known  to  occur  around  New  York. 

Mr.  Davis  also  showed  a  photograph  of  Mr.  Shoemaker's  painting  of 
Lepidoptera  with  a  short  account  of  the  years  spent  in  producing  it.  The 
painting  will  be  exhibited  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Mr.  Burns  exhibited  Insects  from  the  Palisades  and  Dr.  Bequaert  com- 
mented on  certain  interesting  features  thereof,  especially  the  date  of  mating 
for  a  species  of  Lasius,  niger  americanus  of  which  Mr.  Davis  had  taken  a 
queen  on  Staten  Island  April   19. 

Meeting  of  M.ay  4. 

A  regular  meeting  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  was  held  at 
8  P.  M.  on  May  4,  1920,  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Presi- 
dent L.  B.  Woodruff  in  the  chair,  with   17  members  present. 

Mr.  Nieolay  reported  for  the  Outing  Committee. 

Mr.  Leng  invited  the  members  to  join  the  Staten  Island  Bird  Club  walk 
May  8th. 

Mr.  Sherman  invited  the  members  to  his  house,  132  Primrose  .\ve.,  Mt. 
Vernon,  on   May   15. 

Mr.  Olsen,  under  the  title  '"  .Another  European  Ltafhopper  in  North 
America,"  read  a  paper  illustrated  by  drawings  and  specimens,  disclosing  the 
European  origin  of  Eutettix  osbornii  Ball.  This  paper  will  be  printed  else- 
where.    It  was  discussed  by  Dr.  Bequaert  and  Messrs.  Barber  and  Dickinson. 

Mr.  Notman  exhibited  "  Coleoptera  collected  at  Windsor,  N.  Y.,  with 
remarks  on  Distribution,"  in  which  he  reviewed  the  geological  history  of  this 


246         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviil, 

continent  and  the  life  zones  of  this  State,  as  indicated  by  vegetation  ;  giving 
some  interesting  comparisons  from  his  own  collections  at  widely  separated 
points  for  genera  like  Brachinus  and  Bcmbidiuin.  The  locality  at  Windsor, 
N.  Y.,  had  proved  especially  interesting  from  the  mixture  of  northern  and 
southern  forms  and  the  number  of  new  species,  12  out  of  423,  requiring 
description. 

Mr.  Notman's  remarks  were  discussed  by  Messrs.  Angell,  Woodruff  and 
Davis. 

Mr.  Angell  recorded  finding  a  Cicindela  sexguttata  at  Rattlesnake  Creek, 
the  Bronx,  New  York  City,  April  25  ;  remarkable  for  its  small  size  and  unusual 
color. 

Mr.  Woodruff  reported  his  visit  to  Washington  and  conveyed  the  good 
wishes  of  Messrs,  Schwarz,  Caudell,  Aldrich  and  Barber  to  our  members. 

A  Correction. — Page  20,  Agrilus  obsciiro-guttatus  Gory  should 
read  Agrilus  obsolefoguttatiis  Gory.     H.  Notman. 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and 
Plants  in  Volume  XXVII. 


Generic  names  begin  with  a  capital  letter.     New  genera,  subgenera,  species, 
subspecies,  varieties  and  noniiua  nova  are  printed  in  italics. 


Abies 

concolor,  156 

grandis,  156 
Acalles 

granosus,  174 

minimus,  174 

sableitsis,  174 
Acanthoscelis 

acephalus,  58 

curtus,  58,  70,  178 

mendicus,  178 

4-spinosus.  60 
Acentropus.  215 
Achalarus 

lycidas,  232 
Acmaeops 

thoracica,  183 
Acropteroxys 

gracilis,  181 
Actia 

pilipennis,  44 
Actobius 

fulricoruis.  17,  27 

pasdcroides.  17 

sobrinus,  17 

temiinalis,  17 

semipunctatus,  28 
Acylophorus 

pronus,  180 
Adalia 

bipunctata,  68,  181 
Adelocera 

obtecta,  182 
yEletes 

politus,  181 
Agabus 

semivittatus,  16 
Agallia 

sanguinolenta,  65 
Agapostemon 

virescens,  72 


Agathengis 

lineola,  18,  29,  181 
Agathidium 

exiguum,  180 
Ageronia 

feronia,  238 
Aglais 

antiopa 

ab.  hygise,  231 

milberti,  230 
Agonoderus,  87 

comma,  15,  179 

pallipcs,  179 
Agraphus 

bellicus,  163  ' 

Agrilis 

putillus,  14s 
Agrilus,  136 

acutipennis,  182 

arcuatus,  20 

egenus,  20 

lacustris,  20 

masculinus,  20 

obsoleto-guttatus,  20,  182,  246 

otiosus,  20 

politus,  20,  182 

vittaticollis,  182 
Agriotcs 

mancus,  182 

pubescens,  182 
Aleochara 

bimaculata,  181 
Aloconota 

cambrica.  181 
Amara.  82,  83.  86,  89 

aeneopolita,  179 

angustata,  15.  179 

eda.r.  i-g,  186 

impuncticollis,  15 

laurana.  186 

obesa,  15,  84 


247 


248  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii, 


pallipes,  179 
subaenea,  88 
Amartus,  30 
Amblycorypha 

oblongifolia,  79 
Amphiagrion 

saucium,  26 
Anania 

funeralis,  41 
Anaphoidea 

sordidata,  58 
Anarta 

fatima,  238 
jatrophsea,  238 
Anaspis 

nigra,  2^ 
rufa,  22,,  184 
Anchonus 

duryi,  176 
Ancyloxypha 

numitor,  25,  2-iy 
Aneurus 

inconstans,  25 
Anisodactylus 

discoideus,  16,  179 
harrisii,  179 
interstitialis,  16 
nigerrimus,  179 
piceus,  89 
rusticus,  IS 
Anisotoma 

punctatostriata,  180 
Anomala 

lucicola,  69 
Anonioea 

laticlavia,  22,  183 
Anomoglossus,  81 
Anthaxia 

quercata,  20,  182 
viridicornis,  20 
Anthicus 

festinans,  184 
obscurus,  2^^ 
Anthonaeus,  30 
Anthonomus 

consimilis,  184 
costulatus,  167 
elegans,  167 
grandis,  168 
hamamelidis,  93 
likensis,  93 
molochinus,  93 
musculus,  184 
robinsoni,  93 
robustulus,  184 
rufipennis,  93,  184 


scutellaris,  167 
sycophanta,  184 
unicus,  168 
uniformis,  168 
varipes,  i68 
Anthrenus 

castanese,  18 
museorum,  18 
scrophulariae,  18 
Apantesis 

arge,  42 
Apenes,  89 
Aphanisticus 

pusillus,  138 
Aphis 

gossypii,  60 
cenotherae,  66 
Aphodius 

fimetarius,  183 
fossor,  183 
granarius,  21 
ruricola,  21 
Apion 

atripes,  24 
griseum,  24 
impeditum,  184 
importunum,  162 
pennsylvanicum,  184 
porcatum,  24 
tenuiforme,  162 
turbulentum,  24 
walshii,  162 
Apristus 

cordicollis,  179 
Archotermopsis,  76 
Ardistomis,  83 
Argia 

putrida,  2(i 
Argyra,  243 
Argyria,  217,  222 

argentana,  222,  223 
auratella,  222,  22^ 
f.   auratella,  223 
f,  pulchella,  222,  223 
critica,  222,  223 
jonesella,  222 
lacteella,  22^ 
nivalis,  222,  223 
rileyella,  222,  223 
Arthromacra 

senea,  zt,,  183 
robinsoni,  90 
Artipus 

floridanus,  163 
Asaphes 

decoloratus,  20 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


249 


Asclepias 

tuberosa,  229 
Aspidoglossa,  89 
Astcnus 

discopunctatus,  180 
Ataenius 

strigatus,  183 
Atalopedes 

campestris,  237 
Atheta 

dentata,  16,  181 

nigritula,  181 

palustris,  16,  181 
Atlanticus 

davisi,  90 
Atomaria 

ephippiata.  18,  181 

oblongula,  18,  181 

ochracea,  iSi 

var.  pennsylvanica,  18,  181 

ovalis.  18 

pusilla,  18,  181 
Attagenus 

deficiens,  181 
Attains 

pallifrons,  21 
Attelabus 

rhois,  184 
Auleutes 

asper,  184 

ater,  70 

nebulosus,  171 

Babia 

quadriguttata,  22 
Badister 

notatus,  15 

pulchellus,  84,  86 
Bagous 

mamniillatus,  184 

obliqiuis,  166 

f  ictus.  166 
Balaninus 

humeralis,  167 

orthorhynchus,  167 

parvidens,  167 

rectus,  167 

victoriensis,  167 
Baptolinus 

americanus,  17 
Barilepton,  171 

robusta,  170 
Baris,  169 

australis,   169 

Hyperion,  168 

splendens,  163 


Basilarchia 

archippus 

f.  floridcnsis.  2^7 
Bassus 

gibbosus,  49 
Batis 

maritima,  169,  173 
Batrisodes 

spretus,  180 
Bembidium,  81,  87,  89,  92,  246 

basicorne,  179,  185 

chalccum,  14 

coniplanulum,  179,  184,  185 

dccipiens,  179 

fugax, 179 

grandiceps,  179,  184 

honcstum,  179 

impiuni,  186 

inaeqiiale,  14,  179 

iridescens,  185 

nigrum,  14,  179 

oberthiiri,  14,  179 

patrucle,  14,  179 

picipes.  14,  179 

planiusculum,  14,  179,  184,  i 

planum,  14,  179,  184 

posticum,  14,  179 

postremum,  14,  179 

punctatostriatum,  179 

quadrimaculatum,  14,  179 

rusticum.  185 

semistriatum,  179 

simplex,  179,  184 

variegatum,  179 

versicolor,  14,  179 
Bidessus 

affinis,  179 
Bledius 

deceptivus,  189 

emarginatus,  17,  180 

fracticornis,  180,  189 

honcstus,  17 

stabilis,  17 
Blethisa,  84 
Boletobius 

cincticollis,  181 

quaesitor,  181 
Bombus 

impatiens,  72 
Botys 

bicolor,  41 
Brachyacantha 

lo-pustulata,  18 

ursina,  18,  68 
Brachylobus,  81 

lithophilus,  15 


250 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t'^'o'-  xxvin. 


Brachynus,  8i,  85,  89,  246 

ballistarius,  15,  179 

cordicollis,  15 

cyanipennis,  15 

fumans,  15,  179 

gracilis,  15 

janthinipennis,  15 

minutus,  15 
Brachypterus,  30 

urticse,  18 
Brachys,  136,  137,  140 

serosa,  20,  182 

aeruginosa,  182 

aiboguttata,  146 

ovata,  140,  182 
Brachytarsus 

tomentosus,  184 
Bradycellus 

debilipes,  179 

rupestris,  15 

tantillus,  179 
Bryoporus 

rufescens,  181 
Bumelia 

angustifolia,  162,  172,  174 

Calandra 

oryzae,  177 

var.  zea-mais,  177 
Calathus,  89 

gregarius,  15 
Calephelis 

virginiensis,  237 
Caligo,  239 
Callida 

viridipennis,  85 
Calligrapha 

bigsbyana,  22,  183 

elegans,  183 

philadelphica,  22 

similis,  183 
Callinioxys 

sanguinicollis,  22 
Calopteron 

reticulatuin,  20 
Calosoma,  81,  86,  88 

calidum,  84,  179 
Canifa 

pallipes,  23,  184 
Carabus,  81 

limbatus,  82,  179 

vinctus,  82 
Carduus 

spinosissimus,  163 
Cartodere 

argus,  18 


Casnonia,  85 

ludoviciana,  81 

pennsylvanica,  82 
Cassia 

marylandica,  228 
Catapastus 

albonotatus,  170 
Catopsilia 

eubule,  236 
Caulophilus 

latinasus,  176 
Celerio 

lineata,  41 
Celia,  82 
Centrinus 

canus,  169 
Cephalanthus 

occidentalis,  147 
Cephaloon 

lepturides,  23,  184 
Cerambycobius 

cyaniceps,  58 
Cercus,  30 
Cercyon 

basillaris,  180,  187 

incrematiis,  180,  186 

ocellatum,  16 

quisquilius,  187 

unipunctum,  16,  180 
Cerotoma 

trifurcata,  22 
Ceruchus 

piceus,  182 
Cerylon 

castaneum,  18,  i8i 
Ceutorhynchus 

cyanipennis,  184 

floridanus,  171 

puberulus,  24 

punctiger,  24,  184 

semirufus,  184 

transversus,  171 
Chaetocnema 

confinis,  23 

denticulata,  70 
Chalcodermus 

collaris,  70 

insequalis,  163 

insequicollis,  173 
Chalcoela,  215 
Chalepus 

dorsalis,  23 

nervosa,  183 

rubra,  23,  183 
Chauliognathus 

marginatus,  68 


Index  ro  Names  of  Insects  anu  Plants. 


251 


Chelonus 

lavernae,  47 
Chenopodium,  42 
Chilo,  217,  223 

comptulalis,  223 

forbcscllus.  223 

phragmitellus,  225 

plejadellus,  225 
Chlsenius,  82,  86 

laticollis,  84 

prasinus.  84 

ruficauda,  84 

sericeus,  15 

tricolor,  15 
Chlamys 

plicata,   183 
Chlorippe 

celtis,  90 

clyton, 

f.  proserpina,  231 
Chrysobothris 

femorata,  182 

soror,  182 

sylvania,  151, 154 

trinervia,  151 
Chrysodina 

globosa,  183 
Cicada.  105 

areolata,  95,  109,  no,  112,  113 

haniatoda,  126 

pallescens,  126.  127 

parvula.  126 

putnami,  95 
Cicindela 

sexguttata,  14,  178,  246 

pilatei,  245 

purpurea,  178 

var.  graminea,  178 

repanda, 178 

rufiventris,  90 

unipunctata,  90 
Cis 

punctatus,  21 
Cissia 

eurytus,  25 

sosybius.  237 
Clerus 

thoracicus.  21 
Clidophlcps,  96 
Clivina.  81,  89 

impressifrons,  179 
Cocceius 

pylades,  237 
Coccinella 

9-notata,  17,  68 

trifasciata.  17,  68 


Coccolobis 

uvifera,  172,  174 

Coelambus 

dissimilis,  16 

Coeliodes,  60 

flavicauda,  24 

Coelogaster 

zinimernianni,  70 

Colaspis 

brunnea, 69 

Colon 

aspcratuni,  180 

Colpodota 

parva,  181 

Conocarpus 

erecta,  167,  172,  175 

Conosoma 

crassuni,  17 
opicum,  181 

Conotrachelus 

anaglypticus,  172 
belfragei,  172 
biscayensis,  172 
brevisetis,  74 
coronatus,  173 
floridanus,  172 
geiiiinatus,  172 
maritimus,  172,  176 
obesus,  172 
seniculus,  172 
serpentinus,  172 

Coprothrassa 
sordida,  181 

Coptocycla 

bicolor,  70,  183 
signifera,  183 

Corphyra 

lugubris,  23.  184 

Corticaria 

elongata,  19 
serrata,  181 

Corymbites,  20,  31 

Corythuca 

arcuata,  25 

Coscinoptera 

dominicana,  22 

Crambus,  224,  225.  226 
albellus,  219,  220 
alboclavellus,  219 
biguttcllus.  219 
caliginosellus,  219 
carpcnterellus,  219 
coloradellus,  220 
dimidiatellus,  221 
clegans,  220 
hastifcrellus,  219 


252         Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviir. 


hortuellus,  219 
immunellus,  220 

n.  r.  minor,  220 
interniedius,  221 
laciniellus,  219 
leachellus,  219 
luteolellus,  219 
nevadellus,  221 
polingi,  220 
pusionellus,  220 
quinquareatus,  219 
teterrellus,  220 
trisectus,  219 
zeellus,  219 
Craponius 

inaequalis,  171 
Cratacanthus,  89 
Cremastochilus 

canaliculatus,  21,  183 
Cremastogaster 
lineolata,  71 
Creniastus 

epagoges,  44 
Creniphilus 

digestus,  180 
Creophilus 

maxillosus 

var.  villosus,  180 
Crepidodera 

helxines,  23,  183 
rufipes,  22,  183 
Cryptarcha 

ampla,  181 
Cryptobium 

bicolor,  17 
Cryptocephalus 

quadruplex,  183 
Cryptopleurum 

minutum,  180 
Cryptorhynchus 
apiculatus,  175 
helvus,  175 
lapathi,  24,  175,  184 
schwarzi,  175 
Culladia,  225 
Cupes,  197,  202,  206,  207 
capitatus,  202,  204,  207 
cinera,  205 

concolor,  199,  201,  205,  206,  207 
latreillei,  205 
lobiceps,  203,  204,  207 
oculatus,  197,  203,  205,  206 
serrata,  203,  206 
trilineata,  205 
Cychramus 

adustus,  181 


Cychrus,  84,  86 

bicarinatus,  81 

elevatus,  81 

heros,  81 

lecontei,  82 
Cycloneda 

sanguinea,  68 
Cyllodes 

biplagiatus,  181 
Cymbiodyta 

blanchardi,  180 

fimbriata,  180 

lacustris,  16 
Cymindis,  8j,  89 
Cyphon 

obscurus,  19,  182 

variabilis,  19 
Cyrtolobus 

vau, 26 
Cyrtonotus,  86 
Cyrtophorus 

verrucosus,  22,  183 
Cytilus 

sericeus,  182 

Danaus 

archippus,  228 
Daya 

ingratula,  181 
Decarthron 

exiguum,  180,  187 

formaceti,  j8S 
Demosoma,  193 
Dermestes 

lardarius,  181 
Desmia 

funeralis,  39,  41 

maculatis,  41 
Diabrotica 

vittata,  22,  183 

i2-punctata,  69 
Dialytes 

striatulus,  183 
Diatrsea,  216,  221,  222,  22i, 

alleni,  223 

differentialis,  223 

evanescens,  224 

saccharalis,  224,  225 
Dibolia 

borealis,  23 
Dicselus,  82 

dilatatus,  15 

elongatus,  15 

teter,  15 
Dicerca 

lurida,  20 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  anu  Plants. 


258 


prolongata,  182 
Dichelonycha 

diluta,  21,  183 

tlongata,  183 

tcstacea,  183 
Dicranomyia 

amaconica,  2 

chlorotica,  4 

sanct?e-cruzje,  3.  4 
Dictamnus 

albus,  228 
Dicynioloinia,  215 
Dincutes 

discolor,  16,  179 
Dione 

vanillae,  237 
Diplochila.  82,  84 
Diplotaxjs 

atlantis,  183 
Discoderus,  86 
Disonycha 

xanthonielsna,  22 
Dolopius 

lateralis,  182  . 
Donacia 

aequalis,  245 

californica,  244 

cinclicornis.  243,  244 

curticollis,  244 

distincta,  244 

dives,  244,  245 

edentata,  244 

emarginata,  183,  245 

episcopalis  (Lac),  244 

episcopalis  (Lee),  244 

femoralis,  244 

flavipes,  245 

harrisi,  244,  245 

hirticollis,  244 

hypoleuca.  244 

kirbyi.  244 

Hebecki,  244 

megacornis,  245 

metallica,  245 

palmata,  244 

parvidens,  244 

piscatrix,  244 

proxima,  244 

pusilla.  24s 

rufa.  245 

rufescens,  244 

rugosa,  244 

scrricauda,  245 

subtilis,  243,  244 

torosa,  244,  245 

tuberculata,  245 


Dorcus 

parallelus,  21 
Dromogomphus 

spinosus,  26 
Drosophila 

busckii,  92 

funebris,  92 

melanogaster,  92 

repleta,  92 
Dryocoetes 

americanus,  184 
Dryophthorus 

americanus,  24 
Dryops 

lithophilus,  19 
Dryotribus 

mimeticus,  176 
Dyschirius 

aitreolus,  14,  26 

edentulus,  27 

globulosus,  179 

sphffiricollis,  14,  27 

tridentatus,  85 

Ectopria 

nervosa,  19 
Ega,  85 
Eisonyx,  169,  170 

picipes,  170 
Elaphrus 

cicatricosus,  179 

ruscarius,  14,  179 
Elater 

areolatus,  19,  182 

nigricans,  182 

nigricoIHs,  182 

rubricus,  182 

socer,  19 

vitiosus,  182 
Ellychnia 

corrusca.  182 
Elmis 

latiusculiis,  19 
Encyclops 

caeruieiis,  22 
Eoreuma,  217 

densollus,  223 
Epargyreus 

tityrus,  25,  237 
Epicserus 

forniidolosus,  163 
Epilobium.  42,  53 

vitis,  42 
Epitrix 

cucumcris.  23.  69,  i8j 


254        Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 


Epiurus 

pterophori,  47 
Epursea 

labilis,  181 
peltoides,  181 
Erioptera 

micro  my  ia,  8 
Eristalis 

tenax, 72 
Ernobius 

mollis,  182 
Erodiscus 

tinamus,  161,  166 
Euffisthetus 

americanus,  180 
Euconnus 

fatuus,  16 
Eudamus 

cellus,  90 
Euderces 

picipes,  22 
Eufernaldia,  216,  218 
Eugrotea,  217 
dentella,  217 
huachucella,  217 
olivella,  217 
Eumononycha,  170 
Euphoria 

fulgida,  183 
Euphydryas 

phaeton,  229 
Euphyes 

conspicua,  233 
Eupithecia 

interruptofasciata,  71 
Euproctus,  82 
Eupsalis,  201 
Eurema 

euterpe,  237 
nicippe,  237 
Eurymus 

philodice,  228 
Eurymycter,  177 

fasciatus,  184 
Eurytoma,  47 

tylodermatis,  58 
Euschistus 

variolarius,  67,  194 
Eutettix 

osbornii,  245 
Euthisanotia 
grata,  42 
unio,  42 
Euxenus 

piceus,  162 
Exema 

dispar,  183 


Exochus 

semirufus,  24 
Falagria 

dissecta,  181 
Formica 
fusca 

var.  subsericea,  71 
pallida- fulva 

var.  fuscata,  71 

Galerita.  81,88 

decipiens,  86 

janus,  179 
Galerucella 

americana,  183 

cavicollis,  22,  183 

decora,  22,  183 

nymphese,  69 

sexvittata,  183 

tuberculata,  183 
Gamasomorpha,  160 

floridana,  157 
Gastroidea 

polygoni,  22,  183 
Gastrolobium 

bicolor,  180 
Gaurotes 

cyanipennis,  22 
Geodromicus 

brunneus,  180 

nigritus,  17 
Georyssus 

pusillus,  19 
Geotrupes 

splendidus,  183 
Geranomyia 

argentinensis,  i,  2 

canadensis,  2 

guatemalensis,  2 
Glyphonyx 

recticollis,  19 
Gnypeta 

baltifera,  iSi 
Gomphus 

quadricolor,  26 
Gonioctena 

pallida,  183 
Goniurus 

proteus,  237 
Gonomyella,  7 
Gonomyia 

paraensis,  7 
Gononotus 

anguHcolHs,  176 
Graphops 

marcassitus,  69,  183 
pubescens,  69 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


255 


Gymnetron 

teter,  70 
Gyrinus 

dichrous,  179 

limbatus,  179 
Gyrohypnus 

fusciceps,  180 

melanops,  180 
Gyrophiena 

flavicornis.  181 

Hadrobregnuis 

carinatus,  21 
Haimbachia,  216,  221 
damon,  221 
parallela,  221 
placidella,  221 
prosenes,  221 
squanuilella,  221 
venosalis,  221 
Halictus 

cressonii,  71 
illinoisensis,  72 
ligatus,  72 
pilosus,  72 
sparsus,  72 
Haltica 

exapta.  69 
foliacea,  63 
fuscoaenea,  63,  70,  183 
ignita.  22,  69,  70,  183 
marevagans,  61,  62,  64 
polita,  65 
Harpalus,  86 

compar,  179 
herbivagus,  15 
pennsylvanicus,  15 
pleuriticus,  179 
viduus,  I  79 
viridia;neus,  179 
vulpeculus,  179 
Helluomorpha.  81 

bicolor,  86 
Helophorus 

inciiiinatus.  16 
lineatus,  16 
Heodes 

epixanthe, 231 
Hesperobium 

cribratum,  180 
Heteroccrus 
tristis,  19 
ventralis,  182 
Heterostomus.  30 

mordelloidcs.  18,  29.  30 
pulicarius,  30 


Hicoria,  137 
Hippodamia 

convcrgens,  68 
glacialis,  68 
Hister 

abbreviatus,  181 
Iccontei,  181 
mt-rdarius,  18 
Hoplandria 

lateralis,  181 
Hoplia 

modcsta,  21 
trifasciata,  183 
Hormops 

abducens,  161,  165 
Hormorus 

undulatus,  1S4 
Hydnobius 

laticeps,  16,  27 
latidens,  27 
substriatus,  27 
Ilydnocera 

longicollis,  21,  182 
tabida,  182 
verticalis,  21 
Hydroporus,  92 

modestus,  179 
Hygroecia,  193 
debilis,  193 
magniceps,  193 
Hylephila 

phylaeus,  237 
Hyperaspis 

undulata,  68 
Hyperodes,  177 
cry  tops,   163 
lodingi,  164 
montanus,  164 
poseyensis,  164 
sparsus,  184 
Hypnoidus 

abbreviatus,  19 
melsheimcri,  182 
obliquatulus.  182 
planatus,  182 
striatulus,  182 
Hypolampsis 

pilosa,  183 
Hypomolyx 

piceus,  184 

lesta,  216.  224 

lisetta,  224 
Ilybius 

biguttuUis.  179 
Inastcnuua,  71 


256 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     H'o'-  xxniii. 


Iphthimus 

opacus,  183 
Ips 

grandicollis  (Sco.),  184 

quadruguttatus  (Nit.).  181 
Iris,  234 
Ischnoptera 

pennsylvanica,  26 

uhleriana,  26 
Isomira 

quadristriata,  23,  183 

Jalysus 

spinosus,  67 
Junonia 

coenia,  237 

Labidomera 

clivicollis,  22 
Laccobius 

agilis,  16,  180 
Laccophilus 

maculosus,   16,   179 
Lachnocrepis,  81,  87 
Lachnosterna 

anxia,  183 

lanceolata,  69 
Lasmophlaeus 

adustus,  18,  181 

convexulus,  181 
Languria 

mozardi,  181 
Lasius 

niger 

var.  americanus,  245 
Lathridius 

liratus,  18,  181 
Lathrobiella 

collaris,  180 

fragilis,  180 
Lathrobioma 

othioides,  180 

tenuis,  180 
Lathrobium 

armatum,  180 

procerum,  180 
Lebia 

atriventris,  179 

furcata,  88 

grandis,  86,  88 

ornata,  179 

pulchella,  88 

viridis,  15,  68,  179 
Leistus,  81 

ferrugineus,  84,  85 


Lema 

trilineata,  22,  69 
Lembodes 

solitarius,  161,  174 
Leptothorax 

curvispinosus,  71 
Leptotrachelus,  81 
Leptura 

aurata,  183 

exigua,  22 

lineola,  22,  183 

mutabilis,  22,  183 

pubera,  22 

vibex,  22 
Lerema 

accius,  237 
Lerodea 

eufala,  22,7 

maculata,  237 
Lespedeza,  137, 139 
Limnichus 

punctatus,  19 
Limnobaris 

cana.  169,  170 

rectirostris,  24 
Limonius,  31 

seger,  20 

anceps,  182 

griseus,  182 
Lina 

tremulse,  183 
Liodes 

obsoleta,  180 
Listronotus 

floridensis.  163 
Lixus 

crassulus.  24,  31 

concavus,  31 
Longitarsus 

pygniseus,  23 
Loxandrus,  82,  84,  87 
Lo.vocraiubus.  215,  216,  225 

canellus,  226 

mobaviellus,  22y 
Loxostegopsis,  215 
Lucidota 

punctata,  20,  182 
Ludius,  30,  31 

ex  His,  20,  30 

fulvipes,  31 

hieroglyphicus,  20,  182 

inflatus,  20 

tesselatus,  182 
Luperodes 

cyanellus,  183 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


267 


meraca,  22 
thoracicus,  22 
Lygus 

pratcnsis,  67 

Macratria 

confusa,  23 
Macrobasis 

unicolor,  24 
Macronoctua 

onusta.  234 
Macrosargus 

clavis,  25 
Macrosiphuni 

gaurse,  66 
Madarellus 

undulatus,  70 
Malachius 

sneus,  182 
Malthodes 

exilis,   182 

fragilis,  21 

fuliginosus,  182 

spado, 21 
Mantura 

floridana,  183 
Mecopeltus 

scandcns,  70 
Medon 

corticinus,  17 

ochraceus,  17 
Megilla 

maculata,  181 
Megistias 

fusca,  2T,j, 
Melampsalta,  124 

calliope,    124,    125,    126,    128,    131, 
132,   133,    134 
var.  floridensis  125,    131,    132 

camerona,  125,  126,  134 

kansa. 125,  133, 134 

leurensis,  125 

parviila,  124,  126,  128,  133 
Melandrya 

striata,  184 
Melanophthalma 

cavicollis,  182 

distinguenda,  19,  182 

longipennis,  182 

picta,  19,  182 

pumila,  19 

villosa,  182 
Melanotus 

difficilis,  182 

divarcarinus,  19 


Melasis 

pectinicornis,  154 

rufipennis,  154 
Melissodes 

dentiventris,  72 
Mesolia,  216,  217 

huachucella,  218 

olivclla,  218 
Metaxyia 

debilis,  193 

magniccps,  181,  193 
Metonius,  137,  140 
Metrius,  85 
Micracis 

asperulus.  184 
Microbracon,  47,  52 

mellitor,  49,  58 
Microcentrum,  241 

rhonibifolium,  79 
Microholus,  169 
Microrhopala 

excavata,  183 

vittata,  183 
Mompha,  33.  34 

albocapitella,  52 

brcvivitella,  49,  52 

circumscriptella,  50 

eloisella,  44 

grissffiella.  52 

lyonetiella.  45 

niagnatella,  45 

murtfeldtella,   52 

obscurusella,  52 

oenotherfeella,  45 

oenothcrseseiiiinella,  5: 

cenotherivorella,  52 

parvicristatella.  52 

stfc-llella,  47 
Monocrepidius 

auritus,   182 
Monomoriuni 

minimum,  71 
Monostegia 

martini,  71 
Mordella 

marginata,  23 

8-punctata,  70 
Mordellistena 

aspersa,  2^,  184 

biplagiata,  23 

convicta.  184 

morula,  184 

pustulata,  184 
Morio,  87 
Morpho,  238 

cypris,  238 


258 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     t^'°'-  xxviii. 


Mycetobia 

divergens,  25 
Mycetochares 

binotata,  23 
Mycetophagus 

picta,  181 
Myllaena 

vulpina,  16,  181 
Myrmica 

scabrinodis,  71 
Myzus 

biennis,  66 

cenotherae,  66 

Nabis 

roseipennis,  67 
Nebria 

gebleri,  84 

metallica,  83,  85 

ovipennis,  83,  84,  85 

pallipes,  14,  83,  179 

sahlbergi,  83,  84 
Necrophorus 

guttula,  89 

hecate,  90 

marginatus,  180 

quadrigiittafa,  90 

vandykei,  90 
Nemotarsus,  89 
Neobisnius 

psederoides,  180 

sobrinus,  180 

terminalis,  180 
Neocatalaccus 

tylodermse,  58 
Neoconocephalus,  79 
Neonympha 

phocion,  229 
Neoplatypedia,  96,  97,  121 

ampliata,  121,  123 

constricta,  121,  122,  123 
Neurocolpus 

nubilis,  68 
Neurocordulia 

obsoleta,  90 
Nezara 

hilaris,  25 
Nicentrus 

canus,  169 

grossulus,  169 
Nodonota 

puncticollis,  22 
Nomius,  87 
Notoxus 

anchora,  23 


Nyctobates 

pennsylvanica,  183 
Nysson 

plagiatus,  71 

Oberea 

basalis,  22 

bimaculata,  183 

filum,  183 
Odontseus 

filicornis,  183 
Odontocorynus 

pinguescens,  178 
CEdionychis 

limbalis,  183 

quercata,  183 
CEdostethus 

femoralis,  19 
Qinothera,  32 

biennis,  32,  42,  66 

cleistantha,  32 

oakesiana,  32 

missouriensis,  52 
CEstodes 

tenuicollis,  19 
01<anagana,  96 

canadensis,  25 
Okanagodes,  96 

gracilis,  243 
Omma,  203 
Ommatopteryx,  217 

ocella,  221 

texana, 221 
Omophron,  83,  85,  87 

americanum,  14 

tessellatuni,  14 
Omosita 

colon,  18 
Onota,  82 

floridana,  86 
Ontholestes 

cingulatus,  180 
Onthophagus 

hecate,  183 

pennsylvanicus,  183 
Oodes,  87 

amaroides,  82 

americanus,  82,  83 

cupraeus,  82,  89 

elegans,  82 

fluvialis,  82 

quatuordecimstriatus,  82 
Oomorphidius,  169 
Ophiderma 

definita,  214 

flava. 212 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


259 


flaviguttula,  214 

fraterna,  212 

grisea  c?,  2 1 3 

pubescens,  213 
Ophiogomphus 

carolus,  26 
Opisthius.  81 
Orchestes 

ephippiatus,  24 

niger,  184 

pallicornis,  184 
Orchcstina 

saltabunda,  157,  15S,  160 

saltitans,  157,  158,  160 
Ormenis 

pruinosa,  67 
Ormiscus 

saltator,  162 
Orthaltica 

copalina,  2^ 
Ortholonius 

longiceps,  67 
Otidocephalus 

chevrolatii,  24 

dichrous,  166 
Otiorhynchus 

ovatus,  70 
Oxygonus 

obesus.  20 
Oxypoda 

obliqiia,  181 

rugicollis,  193 

schacfferi,  181,  193 

vetula,  194 
Oxytellus 

laqueatus,  180 

nitidulus.  180 

tetracarinatus,  180 
Ozodicera.  10 

argentina,  10 

attemiata,  8,  g 

gracilis,  9 

griseipennis,  9 

Pachn.Teus 

opaliis.  163 

Pachybrachys 

bivittatus,  183 

Pachyschelus.  136,  137,  194 
anicricanus,  138 
caeruleus,  140,  141.  142 
carbonatus,  139,  140 
laevigatus,  138,  139,  140.  141 
ovatus,  139,  140 
politus,  139,  140 
punctatus,  139 


purpurcus,  138,  140,  141,  182 

punctatus,  139 

schwarzi,  138,  140,  142 
van  oculatus,  138,  141 
Pachyta 

monticola,  22,  183 
Pachyteles 

testaceus,  84 
Paederus 

littorarius.  17,  180 
Pancota 

panda, 181 
Panorpa 

rufescens,  26 
Papilio,  238 

cresphontes,   228,  236 

glaucus,  236 

marcellus,  239 

f.  floridensis,  236 

palamedes,  236 

philenor,  236 

troilus 

f.  texanus,  236 

turinus,  90 
Paragoges 

minimus,  166 
Paragraphus 

setosus,  163 
Paragus 

angustifrons,  y2 

tibialis.  66 
Paralestcva 

pallipes,  180 
Paratettix 

cucullatus,  26 
Pasimachus,  83,  88 
Patrobus 

aterrimus,  83 

californicus,  83 

longicornis,  13 
Pauropsalta.  125 
Pectiiiotipiila,  9 

argentina,  10 
Pediculoides 

ventricosus.  47,  153 
Pelenomus 

asperulus.  24 

sulcicollis,  184 
Pelurga 

luridipcnnis,  181,  192 
Pemphigus 

aenotherx,  66 
Perigaster 

crctura,  171 

obscura,  171 


260 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Vol.  xxviii. 


Persea 

borbonia,  172 
Phalonia 

oenotherana,  35,  43 
Phasmota,  193 
Philhydrus 

cinctus,  180 

perplexus,  180 
Philodes 

testaceus,  179 
Philonthus 

blandus,  180 

fusiformis,  16 

lomatus,  180 

quadricollis,  180 

viridanus,  16 
Philophuga 

viridicollis,  86 
Philothermus 

glabriculus,  181 
Phlepsius 

irroratus,  67 
Phobetron 

pithecium,  234 
Photinus 

consanguineus,  20 

marginellus,  20 

pyralis,  20 
Photuris 

pennsylvanica,  20,  182 
Phyciodes 

phaon, 237 

tharos,  237 
Phyllodecta 

vitellinae,  22,  183 
Phyllotreta 

amoraciae,  23 

sinuata,  70 
Phymata 

erosa,  (>•] 
Physonota 

ttnipunctata,  183 
Phytonomus 

eximius,  92 

meles,  24,  184 

nigrirostris,  24,  184 

polygoni,  184 
Phyxelis 

rigida,  184 
Pieris 

monuste,  236 

protodice 

f.  vernalis,  228 

rapse,  228 
Pilopius 

lacustris,  180 


Pimpla 

inquisitor,  47 
Pinacodera,  82 
Pityophthorus 

consimilis,  184 
Plagiodera 

versicolor,  69,  183 
Plagiognathus 

politus,  25,  67 
Plateumaris,  244 
Platycerus 

quercus,  182 
Platynus 

anchomenoides,  15,  179 

angustatus,  86,  87,  179 

atratus,  179 

brunneomarginatus,  85 

caudatus,  81,  83,  87 

cincticollis,  15 

cupripennis,  15,  179 

decens,  179 

dissectus,  81 

extensicollis,  15 

funebris,  85,  88 

larvalis,  81 

melanarius,  179 

nitidulus,  179 

picipennis,  179 

pusillus,  81 

reflexus,  85,  179 
Platypedia,  97,  121 

ampliata,  96,  121 

aperta,  96,  99,  114 

areolata,  95,  96,98,  99,  102,  107, 
109, III  112 

barbata,  97,  100,  115,  120 

falcata,  99,  113 

intermedia,  96,  119 

minor,  96,  115,  117,  120 

mohavensis,  98,  100,  102 

putnami,   95,    100,    102,    104,    105, 
no,    113,   115 
var.  keddiensis,  99,  108 
,var.  lutea.  98,  102,  106,  no 
var.  occidentalis,  99,  106 

rufipes,  98,  10 1,  102 

similis,  99,    no,    112,    113 

vandiizeei,   99,    100,    115,    120 
Platystethus 

americanus,  180 
Platytes,  217,  221 

multilineatella,  223 

panalope,  223 
Plochionus,  82 
Poanes 

hobomok 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


261 


f.  5  Pocahontas 

ab.  friedlei,  232 

massasoit,  232 
f.  sufFusa,  232 
Podabrus 

basillaris,  20,  182 

brunnicollis,  20 

modcstus,  182 

punctatus,  182 

rugulosus,  20,  68,  182 
Pcecilocytus 

basalis,  68 

lineatus,  68 
Poecilus,  82 
Polites 

baracoa,  237 

brettus.  237 

cernes,  237 

manataaqua,  232 
Polydrusus 

americanus,  24 
Polygonia 

progne,  230 

f.  I-argenteum,  230 
f.  progne,  230 
Polygonum,  42,  58 

hydropiper,  58 
Pomphopoea 

sayi,  24.  184 
Popilia 

japonica,  69 
Populus 

deltoides,  231 
Prenes 

panoquin,  233 
Prenolepis 

imparis.  71 
Priacma.  202,  206 

serrata.  203,  207 
Prionapteryx,  216 

nebulifera,  217 

yavapai,  217 
Prionus 

laticollis,  90 
Promecognothus,  81,  83,  87 
Prosopis 

cressoni,  72 
Psenocerus 

supernotatus,  183 
Psephcnus 

Iccontei,  19,  182 
Pseudcbaeus 

oblitus,  21,  182 

pusillus.  21 
Pseudoacalles 

maculatus,  175 


nuchalis,  175 
Pseudobaris,  169 

conneclans,  168 
Pseudomus 

inflatus,  174 

sedentarius,  174 
Pseudoschcenobius,  216 

opalescalis,  218 
Psomus 

politus,  24 
Psydrus,  87 
Psyllobora 

20-maculata,  18 
Ptenidium 

foveicolle,  181 
Pterophylla 

camellifolia,  78,  79,  241 
Pterostichus,  82,  83,  85 

ater,  86 

angustus,  S3 

coracinus,  86,  88 

corvinus,  15 

erythropus,  179 

honestus,  179 

luctuosus,  15,  179 

hicublandus,  15,  86,  88,  179 

moestus.  86 

mutus,  15 

patruelis,  88 

stygicus,  86,  179 
Pteryx 

duvalii,  17 
Ptosima 

gibbicollis,  90 
PubliHa 

concava,  26 
Pyractomena 

angulata.  182 
Pyrophjena 

granditarsus,  25 
Pyropyga 

decipiens,  68 

Quercus,  137 
alba,  212 

coccinea,  212,  213 
rubra,  167, 212 

Raphiptera,  215,  216,  218 

argillaceella,  218 

minimella,  218 
Resthenia 

insignis,  68 
Rhabdoptcrus 

picipcs.  22 
Rhaeboscelis,  136 


262 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,     t^'o'-  xx\'iii. 


Rhexius 

insculptus,  I  So 
Rhinomacer 

pilosus,  162 
Rhinoncus,  178 

pyrrhopus,  24,  184 
Rhipidandrus 

paradoxus,  92 
Rhipidia 

costalis,  5 

costaloides,  4,  5 
Rhipiphorus 

dimidiatus,  70 
Rhizophora 

mangle,  167 
Rhodophora 

florida,  35,  37 
Rhynchites 

elusus,  162 
Robinia 

pseudacacia,  228 
Rudbeckia,  133 

Sagittaria,  163 
Samia 

cecropia,  233 
Saperda 

concolor,  183 

lateralis,  22 
Sargus 

viridis,  25 
Scambus 

inquisitoriellus,  47 
Scaphidium 

piceuni,  17 
Scaphinotus 

angusticollis,  87 
Scaphisoma 

rubens,  181 
Scaphoideus 

immistus,  67 
Scarites,  83,  85,  89 
Schizogenius,  89 

amphibius,  179 

lineolatus,  14,  179 
Scirtes 

tibialis,  68 
Scolops 

sulcipes,  67 
Scopaeus 

quadriceps,  17.  28,  180,  192 

macilentus,  29,  192 
Scydmrenus 

perforatus,  180 
Scymnus 

fraternus,  18,  68 


puncticollis,  18 
tenebrosus,  18 
Serica 

Carolina,  209,  210 
loxia,  208,  209 
perigonia,  210 
vespertina,  183 
Sericus 

flavipennis,  182 
incongruus,  182 
silaceus,  182 
Sigalphus 

curculionis,  58 
Silpha 

insequalis,  180 
noveboracensis,  180 
Silusida 

blanchardi,  181 
Silvanus 

planatus,  181 
Sinea 

diadema.  67 
Siphonophora,  66 
Sitona 

hispidula,  24,  70 
Sitones,  70 
Smicronyx 

apionides,  166 
congestus,  166 
halophilus,  165 
Smicrus 

filicornis,  181 
Soronia 

undulata,  181 
Sparganothis 

sulfureana, 71 
Sphasridium 

scarabseoides,    180 
Sphseroderus,  S3,  87 
Sphserophoria 

cylindrica,  72 
Sphjerophthalma 
simillima,  24 
Spharagemon 

scudderi,  240 
wyomingianiim,  240 
Sphenophorus 
callosus,  177 

var.  sublsevis,  177 
chittendeni,  176 
deficiens,  176 
destructor.  177 
melanocephalus,  184 
omissus,  176 
zese,  24,  176,  177 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


263 


Sphyracephala 

brevicornis,  91 
Staphylinus 

badipes,  16,  180 

maculosus,  iSo 
Stelis 

lateralis,  72 
Stenelniis 

crenatus,  19 

linearis,  19 

4-niaculatus,  19 

sinuatus,  19 
Stenogaster,  93 
Stcnolophus,  87 

fuscatus,  179 

rotundatus,  179 
Stenoscelis 

brevis,  24 
Stenus 

bimaculatus,  190 

bipunctatus,  17,  180 

caenicolus,  180 

colonus,  180,  192 

canadensis.  iSo 

edax,  180,  191 

flavicornis,  17,  180 

fulvoguttatus,  180,  190 

juno,  180 

laccophilus.  191 

militaris.  192 

morio,   17 

obtusus,  180 

pere.vilis.  180,  191 

punctatus,  180 

semicolon,  190 

venustus,  180 
Stilbus 

atomarius,  17,  181 

obtusus,  17 
Stratiomyia 

discalis,  25 
Strymon" 

melinus,  237 
Stylojjaster,  194 
Surattha.  216 

santella,  217 
Syncalypta 

spinosa,  182 
Syneta 

ferruginca,  183 
Systena 

hudsonias.  23,  70,  183 

tseniata,  23 

Tachinus 

rcpandus,  180 


Tachniphyto 

jenea,  44 
Tachycellus,  87 
Tachygonus 

lecontei,  163 
Tachyporus 

brunneus,  180 

chrysomelinus,  180 

jocosus,  180 
Tachys,  87 

corruscus,  14,  179 

flavicauda,  15 

incurvus,  15,  179 

laevus,  15,  179 

scitulus,  14,  179 

tripunctatus,  15,  179 

vivax. 15 
Tachyusa 

cavicollis,  16,  181 
Tanymecus 

laciena,  163 
Tanysphyrus 

lemnae,  24 
Taphrocerus,  136,  137,  146,  194 

agriloides,  143,  144,  145.  I49 

alboguttatus,  146 

albonotatus,  143,  148 

cylindricollis,  146 

gracilis.  143,  146,  148,  149,  182 

laevicollis,  142,  143,  145 

puncticollis.  143,  144,  171 

schaefferi,  143,  144,  145 

texanus,  146,  149 
Tapinesthis 

inermis,  157 
Tapinonia 

sessile.  71 
Telephorus 

bilineatus.  182 

carolinus,  20,  91,  182 

dentiger,  20,  182 

flavipes,  21,  182 

fraxini.  20,  182 

ncglcctus,  91 

nigritulus.  21.  182 

rotundicollis.  21.  182 

tuberculatus.  21 

vilis,  20 
Tetragonoderus,  89 

fasciatus,  ^6 
Tetramorium 

csspitum,  71 
Tettix 

granulatus,  26 

var.  variegatus.  26 


264        Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.     [Voi.  xxviii. 


Teucholabis 

mendax,  5,  6 
parishi,  6,  7 
persimilis,  6 
Thalessa 

atrata,  24 
Thalpius,  85 
Thanaos 
brizo 

f.  sommus,  237 
horatius,  237 
terentius,  237 
Thaumatopsis,  216 
edonis,  221 
pectinifer,  221 
Thecodiplosis 

zauschnerise,  66 
Thorybes 

daunus,  237 
Throscus 

constrictor,  20.  182 
Thyanta 

calceata,  67 
Thyrecoris 

aterrima,  67 
pulicaria,  67 
Tibicen 

davisi,  90 
lyricen,  90 
pruinosa,  90 
sayi,  90 
Tibicinoides,  96 
Tipula,  9,  10 

bnichi,  10,  II 
monilifera,  9,  10 
nubifera,  1 1 
phiiippiana,  12 
wittei,  1 1 
Tomarus 

pulchellus,  18,  181 
Toxonotus 

fascicularis,  162 
Toxotropis 

floridanus,  162 
Trachys,  138 

ovata,  140 
Trechus,  87 
Trichius 

affinis,  21,  183 
piger,  21 
Trichopteryx 
aspera,  181 
discolor,  17,  181 
haldemani,  17 
sericans,  17 


Triphleps 

insidiosus,  39,  67 
Tritoma 

flavicollis,  181 

thoracica,  181 
Trogophloeus 

delicatus,  189 

difficilis,  180 

incertus,  189 

morio,  17,  180 

pudicus,  180 

quadripunctatus,  180 

rivularis.  180 

subtilis,  180 

vespertinus,  180,  189 

volans.  180,  188 
Tropaea 

luna,  234 

rubromarginata,  234 
Tropisternus 

glaber.  180 
Tychius 

picirostris,  24,  184 
Tylodemia 

serea,  70 

foveolata,  45,  53,  184 

Isevicollis,  173 

maculata,  173 

minima,  173 

nigra,  184 

punctata,  173 

variegata,  173 
Typophorus 

canellus 

var.  pumilus,  183 
var.  quadriguttatus,  183 
var.  scutellaris,  183.  194 
var.  sellatus,  183 
var.  vittatus,  183 
Tyrus 

humeralis,  16 

Uinta 

oreadella,  215 
Uranus 

fulgens,  239 
Urosigalphus,  58 
Urtica 

gracilis,  231 
Uscodys,  215 

Vaccinium 

myrsinites,  162 
Vanessa 

atalanta,  237 

virginiensis,  237 


Index  to  Names  of  Insects  and  Plants. 


266 


Wilsonia,  52 
Winthemia 

quadripustulata,  233 


Xanthonia 

lo-notata,  22,  183 

villosula,  22 
Xolisma 

fruticosa,  162 


Xyloryctes 

satyrus,  21 

Xyloterus 

politus,  184 

Zacotus,  81 

matthewsii,  83 
Zerene 

csesonia,  236 
Zuphium,  85 


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