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Thf Duiiiiii tiiul^'iiffrbiliw
E£UND*SIA>TORIP*JWroi^ATfIVHSnY
LEUHD«S1A>T0RDJVNK»'\,W\'ERSITY
Till;
JOURNA L
or tub
HOYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
VOLUME THE THIRTY SEVENTH.
18,17.
EDITED DY THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY.
LONDON:
JOHN MUBBAY, ALUEMARLE STKEKf
212759
w. ciowv xno nut, pen
tntxt, rnAurotD mm,
( i" )
CONTENTS OF VOL. XXXVII.
raw
Council Report, Balance-Sheet for 1866, and Estimate for 1867 .. v— xii
Library Regulations xiii
List of Council, Officers, Honorary and Honorary Corresponding
Members, and Fellows xiv— Ixxvi
List of Public Institutions, &c.t to which the Publications are presented lxxvii
Individuals to whom the Royal Premium has been awarded lxxix — lxxxii
Accessions to Library and Map-rooms, with Names of Donors .. lxxxiii — cviii
Instruments lent out. Presentation of Gold Medals cix — ex
Anniversary Address, by Sir R. L Murchison cxt— clir
[N.B. Tba Antfeon an alone rwpootlble for Ike coo tenia of their rwpectlve papan.]
Aunoxra. page
1. — Report on his Journey to Hchi, the Capital of Khotan, in Chinese
Tartary. By Mr. Civil-Assistant W. H. Johnson, f.b.g.b., Great
Trigonometrical Survey of India .. 1
2.— The Physical Geography and Climate of the Colony of Natal. By
Robert Jams Mann, k.o, f.b.g.8., f.b-a.b., Superintendent General
of Education in Natal 48
3. — On the Lower Portion of the River Indus. By Colonel C. W. Tbeiikn-
beebe, c.b., Royal Engineers, f.r.q.b. 68
4. — Notes of a Journey from Bida in Nupe, to Rano in Ilaussa, performed
in 1862. By Da. W. B. BarerE, b.n. Extracted from portions of
Dr. Baikie's Journals in the possession of the Foreign Office, by
J. Kibe, Esq., M.D 92
5. — A Visit to the North-East Province of Madagascar. By tho Rev. H.
Mausdrell. Communicated by the Right Rev. V. W. Ryan, d.d.,
Bishop of Mauritius 108
6. — On the Rivers San Gavan and Ayapata, in the Province of Cara-
baya, Peru. By Pbofessob Antonio Raihondi, Hon. Corresponding
Member r.o.s 116
7. — The Delta and MouthB of the Amu-Daria, or Oxus. By Admiral A.
Bootakoff, of the Russian Navy. Translated from the Russian, and
communicated, by John Mich ell, Esq., H.B.M. Vice-Consul at St.
Petersburg 152
8. — On Part of Mesopotamia contained between Sheriat-el-Beytha, on the
Tigris, and Tel Ibrahim. By Lieutenant J. B. Bkwbber, BUCTO|<ft
in Mesopotamia ., "\Sfc
0. Pworiptton rif DbMer Bj m .f. Oam i ■-. I ■ , rbaIi
10.— On Dr. Livio&toue'ii lost Journey, lad tlio probable Ultimate Soukxm of
tho Nile, of iUL Geo. Kimh.w, r.iu. J 193
11. — Nuti» mi the ltuminii U.irlMiiitM DO UutGoBbOf M:nii'iinr:n, Tty H*V,
W. V. Lujyd, K.N., r.UM ".. B12
12. — On & Communication bet worn India nn*l China by tho ttta Of thl
ButeBpooMl »nd YaDg-tue. By Oks-knal Siu Autiiok Cottok,
n.K BU
13.— {Total of a Journey in tho Korth-Wost Neighbourhood of Tcluti. By
Jom LAUrvKt, K*i., M.B., 07th Hogl., r.K.<i.e. B80
14.— Xotn* on Rantern Pemia nrul Walton ReluchUUiu By Coiaixki. F. J.
Goldhmiu. c:.u., r.&OJ 2ftfl
IS.— R«port of an BxydittOQ ■> ■..-.< tub Boattan Lam tod ' luabodia in tha
oarlv put ol thl y.ur WW. Hv 11. G. EhOHOT, Btndcnt Interpreter
at tho Brit tab Consulate, Bangkok SW*
1 9 ■ — Altilmic. BcctJQUB of tllfl priM i|>Ji! L'uiiii • lirlwr- ;i 1 n: I'jiwt ami West
' Otitic* i I 0»at*rbary, NVrZctUnd, acre** tho Southern
Alps. Uy Jn.itm lfA.\5T, ni. u.vy.oji.v r.L.aN Ac 888
17.— On Loo Sni»!»'ti.uit':iii flupnlj of \Vi;ii in BoloochlfUn ami the Hill
DUtrloti of w. Htm Bind, Bj .J. W Baw, K*»i.. iml, i i
ufH.M. Bamha? I'n 'In Work* Department
18. — NbtW mi tin- Plftgf Dg 1 ' <>t l.:nlnlJi, fnuii ;i Jourt.nl i
•luring a Hurvuv :ii 1868. By Caitais II. II. Uonwis-AnsTKX,
r.n.a.%. .. " 313
Ikoicx
. . • ■ • i
m
I I, LUSTRATIONS.
1. J<min*» Ub to KUUa
3. Maxx , .. J(.»ul .. .
rMi
1
4$
3. TaiJUI.MIiKUii:
'.)'■■;.. . . ,
I, Ba nun* .
?. Bkkihkm ., .
.. .. ii .. lower lotlua ., ., 04
i •• ItiiLi lo Kmiu .. .i •• .. 92
i I'.iil of ('miliajii 110
, ftfartMofOa U9
Pun of VWiimrjirnla !■>
*. mtOUl African Lik*. 198
V. I.i/»rn i<«it<if Mutrlmrti 312
10. CriTTO* .. .. Iiwli* and China 231
• >u«uid AXDBitn I- m ufcWtj .. ..
XX Kanntpy sunn nii.u\m.h©iita
H. liAAIT CWtrW. New Zealand .. .. 3'JS
( v )
Kogal Geographical Society
1867.
REPORT OF THE COUNCIL,
Read at the Ajwivebsahy Meeting on the 27th Mat.
The Council hare the pleasure of submitting the following
Report of the financial state of the Society, and its general
progress since the last Anniversary Meeting.
Members. — Since the last Report 147 Fellows have been
elected, of whom 3 were Honorary Corresponding, and 19 have
paid their Life Compositions. The number lost by death is 43,
and by resignation 33.
In pursuance of the notice given in the last year's Report,
and under the direction of the Finance Committee, the rule has
been put in force with regard to Fellows whose subscriptions
were three years and upwards in arrear ; 45 names have thus
been struck off the list, the accumulation of several years.
Finances. — The annexed Balance-sheet (A) shows a con-
tinuance of the financial prosperity of the Society, and compares
favourably with those of previous years. It will be seen that
the receipts for the year 1866 (exclusive of balance in hand)
were 5085/. 8*. 3d. ; in 1865 the amount was 4905?. 8*. 3d. ; and
in 1864, 4977/. 8*. Qd. The expenditure during the past year
was 4052/. 15*.; in 1865 it was 4307/. 4*. 5d.; and in 1864,
3647/. 7*. lOd. Of the amount expended, 272/. 1*. (5d. were for
the promotion of expeditions, the details o£ ^Aucti ras. ^Kts&
Rfiftd Gtograjrfiical SvctHt/.
(In; Piuliitiri'-iJi
m uie r.jiiiiiirt^Mu'cl. iim ««xiv« nl mroim? nvcr i'X|M-udilur«
during tin- jKt»t _yi:ar mi- 103'Jf. 18k 8&i and this ho$ enabled
the Fiimn<v.f>'*iii"Uvc, on the approval of the Council, to add
10002. to-fh**,"* funded pnurty, purchasing India .* |>.-r LVnt.
StoOJI Id UwJ lUiiutm!, at lln« cunt «'f 1028/. l.'.x. It may be wrll
Lo .siiiU'^liut mncc Kba end of the Boo&cii] yetr, December 31^t,
Ist;t^.._jUt)('/. man b>w been invented b India 5 per I
Dpt.i total nm...unl of lh« taded capital of tho
Soehty ii the prowal dai<- is L4x06o£.
X'/flu' UPQP nl WM^- niriil.KuiHd in |,]ie bud lb -port iik huring
JNn twqae&thtd to the Socirty by (he late Benjamin Olifefat
". 'K-ii],, ■ rtfl] under litigation* Aa before stated, tho< bum -ii i
r.T<.min.!ridt:iJ !•'. llinr Irgil ftdviSCfl >" ipp< ir Ell thi nil IS
defcndaiiK tin* hill tftUOg I il t_-« 1 in ( 'luuuvry by mrtnhrnt of tli4>
family, who V*t Up ■ prior mttlnniMit of Mr. Olivrinu It is
lii'P«:d thai by the next aanivcreniy the ' < uncil may be able to
•unco the couclofci'.-ii •<( tin* nut vwth rory to
the Bod ';"
Tin- -\xl*'iii nl' iimtilJily t'luiniliAtioii i>f llie I'Xjiriiditnri' ,'ind
account ■> !■% thi Pin iii-i- ' ' ' ttcc hoi bees oontiiin d t In • n;^ :i-
out tho year, and ull bill* duo by the Society bate boon paid at
the m at Monthly fleeting following their premutation. The
■ fanta luivi> also been examined \\ t\m Auditors to the end of
the vutr 186ft
Report of the Council.
Vll
St atemkkt showing the Rbohpts and Ex-
pkn-ditork of the Society from the Year
1848 to the 31st Dec. 1866.
Statement showing the Progress
of the Investments of the
Society from the Year 1832
to the 31st Dec. 1866.
Cub
Cub
Deducting
Amount*
Inveated In
Fondx; actual
Expenditure.
F.nd
Amount
Year,
Receipt*
Amounts
of the
Cub
of
within tba
Invested In
Year.
Invested.
Stock
Year.
Fnnds.
Dec. 31.
purchased.
£. s. d.
£. *. d.
£. $. d.
£. I. d.
£.
*. d.
1848
696 10 5
• • ..
755 6 1
1832
3657 10 0
4000
0 0
1849
778 3 0
.. M
1098 7 6
1833
4130 0 0
4500
0 0
1850
1036 10 5
..
877 2 10
1834
4426 0 0
4800
0 0
1851
1056 11 6
.. .,
906 14 7
1835
4426 0 0
4800
0 0
1852
1220 3 4
• • •>
995 13 1
1836
4426 0 0
4800
0 0
1853
1917 2 6
., ..
1675 6 0
1837
4426 0 0
4800
0 0
1854
2565 7 8
• • M
2197 19 8
1638
4426 0 0
4800
0 0
1855
2584 7 0
• • •<
2636 3 1
1839
4129 15 0
4500
0 0
1156
3372 5 1
533 10 0
2814 8 1
1840
3788 10 0
4150
0 0
1*67
3142 13 4
378 0 0
3480 19 9
1841
2801 0 0
8150
0 fr
I8S6
8089 15 1
..
2944 13 6
1842
2801 0 0
8150
0 0
1859
3471 11 8
950 0 0
3423 3 9
1843
2219 18 6
2578
4 4
1860
6449 12 1
466 17 6
5406 3 7
1844
2219 18 6
2578
4 4
1861
4792 12 9
1358 2 6
3074 7 4
1845
2219 18 6
2578
4 4
1662
4659 7 9
1389 7 6
3095 19 4
1846
1933 1 0
2278
4 4
1663
5256 9 3
1837 10 0
3655 4 0
1847
2133 1 0
2502
6 2
1864
1077 8 6
1796 5 0
3647 7 10
1848
1886 16 8
2224
1 10
1865
4S05 8 3
1041 5 0 4807 4 5
1849
1886 16 8
2224
1 10
1866
50J5 8 3
1028 15 0 4052 15 0
1850
1886 16 8
2224
1 10
1
1851
1886 16 8
2224
1 10
1852
1686 16 8
2224
1 10
Id 1856 a Treasury
Grant of 1000*. for the
1853 ,
1662 14 10
2000
0 0
East Afriom Exp
xlition received.
1854
1855
1662 14 10
1662 14 10
2000
2000
0 0
0 0
Is 1860 a Tfeasory
Grant of 25001 for the
1856
2216 4 10
2600
0 0
EastAfricexExpc
Mixtion received.
1857
2594 4 10
3000
0 0
1858
2594 4 10
3000
0 0
1859
3544 4 10
4000
0 0
1860
4011 2 4
45C0
0 0
1861
5369 4 10
6000
0 0
1862
6758 12 4
7500
0 0
1863
8596 2 4
9500
0 0
1864
0365 7 4
1500
0 0
1865
1406 12 4
12500
0 0
1866
L2435 7 4
3500
0 0»
♦ Of which 2000J. is India 5 per Cents.
Publication*.— The 36th volume of the Journal was published
at the end of Aptl last, and is now being delivered, as usual, to
all Fellows who ajply for their copies at the offices of the Society
in Whitehall Pla«e. The volume contains 21 Memoirs and
14 Maps, and it it hoped will bear comparison for the varied
interest of its conteits with those of preceding years.
The 10th volume of the Proceedings has alao teen \k*V&&!&
x Royal Gtographkal Society.
widi correct bearing*, cflfl b* Jrawn. Tin- PingnUM of Asia
and America were finished and oxldbited early in thfiPflflrirfflj K&d
in' Council ii.n'i> iifiw the Brtisfeotioa to report the completion
of tho other two, nandy, the Muluv Ajehipekgo ami
\\ orM. tlio former of wliidi id ou a acalo of 0 inches, and tho
latter of 0*6*3 in. to aa equatorial decree.
CaUdoi/ut of Mop*. — Cbn>M<iul'Jc progress has been mode
daring tho past year in cataloguing the valuable collection of
Map* \\\wr)\ the Society possesses; and, under the direction of tin*
Special QommittM above named, the Curator with an i
aaustsBtb luw intido u complata Bit b MS. <>f nil tin- llapa —
gifimf thi- title, .irrtlr ilatc iind limit-* ..f null. In fntnn tlii.i
will much facilitate the Hading ui any Map t« which a visitor
may wish to refer, i (■< ' »tologue dovs not at praaont im-lnd.-
I'luiiN. .li:i«jr«Tiis mivli-'U, ami vii-ww, and U cllWJflod .■"••■ording
to exmntrioB and placea An additional Catalogue might hen -
after bt msda, h alphabetical onier, of places reproaonted,
irith tho press mark of the Curator'a list, and eurh simpkr
1 of GbtaJogtu aright orantnaUy be printed for tho use of
Fellows.
Grant* to TVawflfftt \ sum of 200/. was rotal during tho
year to the LeJohhardl Search Fund in Australia, and a fu
Bum ofSOC (<i BL Geifcard KmWk who. whan hist, heard of, ma
about bo leare Sxt ahoi- .»:' I iK- r-li.ul u<i Wmi.n. A Mtof
Iwtramenta warn provided, nt the dosJ of 22/. la. BA, for
^Ir. K Whyiapar, who lias lately left England to explore
I ffid Instmnieuta have also been hot to Mr. Henry
WliilrU. ii t raw-lit E ffbo U DO* oil his \\ny to explore Qu
eastern slopes of tho Andes, in B utlioru IVru.
Report of the Council.
xi
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librarp Regulations.
L The Library will be open every day in the week (Sundays
excepted) from 10*30 in the morning to 4*30 in the afternoon,*
except on New- Year's Day, Good Friday to Easter Monday inclu-
sive, and Christmas week ; and it will be closed one month in the
year, in order to be thoroughly cleaned, viz. from the first to the
last day of September.
II. Every Fellow of the Society is entitled {subject to the Rules) to
borrow as many as fonr volumes at one time.
Exceptions ;—
1. Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, and other works of reference
and cost. Minute Books, Manuscripts, Atlases, Books and
Illustrations in loose sheets. Drawings, Prints, and unbound
Numbers of Periodical Works, unless with the special written
order of the President.
2. Maps or Charts, unless by special sanction of the President and
Council.
3. New Works before the expiration of a month after reception.
III. The title of every Book, Pamphlet, Map, or Work of any
kind lent, shall first be entered in the Library-register, with the
borrower's signature, or accompanied by a separate note in his
Land.
IV. No work of any kind can be retained longer than one month :
but at the expiration of that period, or sooner, the same must be
returned free of expense, and may then, upon re-entry, be again
borrowed, provided that no application shall have been made in the
mean time by any other Fellow.
'V. In all cases a list of the Books, &c., or other property of the
Society, in the possession of any Fellow, shall be sent in to the
Secretary on or be/ore the 1st of July in each year.
VI. In every case of loss or damage to any volume, pr other
property of the Society, the borrower shall make good the same.
VII. No stranger can be admitted to the Library except by the
introduction of a Fellow, whose name, together with that of Uio
Visitor, shall be inserted in a book kept for that purpose.
VIII. Fellows transgressing any of the above "Regulations will bo
reported by the Secretary to the Council, who will take such steps
as the case may require.
By Order of the Council.
• On Saturday the Library is closed at 2*30 p.m.
KOYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
$atvo*.
I!i:i. MAJKSTY THE QIJKKN.
n.R.n, the niixcK or wai.es.
ii ixmeu jtth may. i»i.)
9tntfttmc
M(rnnn«oM. Sir Huderlck T.. R»ri, %.c;rt.. a.c *t_a , m , r>.f\L, y.f.* *. r..«. »ul
|.,» , Oirrrloi-f ,.ii!-,i I dC thi i .. ulugidl 9urT«rj of Grwu Prllaii Mill I rib ild,
Trait. Ilrit. Hat., Il<>i„ Una R •: i ..i , u *„ Mcro. Ao*d. 81. P«tcr»l>«:x
Iferlio, Stockholm, Brawl*, md Copenhngon. Corr. Ins. Kr„ Ac, &o,
7<tf|ta*ftint*.
Hack. V.-Adminil SirC, r.*.« Raitmmdv, M.-C.rn. Sir Heury <T..
W&nau, Gen. Sir A. Seott. VJUL urn., w.r.
OaUEORj Fninc:*. K«i., *.v, r.rifc.&c.
Crf.ifiura.
Coac*. Rrtfnild T., F*i
CntfttK.
HairaBTi>M, I*oM.
Tiiviltav, Sir Waller l'.„ Hart, &e.
£e<teUric*.
Mm«iini, i.:i*nicni* l» . &Qn »«*- | M*.ioR, Riclnnl I Urn.-. IImj., »« a.
QlAOiM, Cyril C, I ttoq.
JHrmbtrtf of Council.
Apuikutom, UifjKt Hon. II. U.
Amur'. m, K*|,f t.n i.u
Maker, Sir Stomal W.
EUxrot b, Maj.-'Jco. (;., r,a.. c.d.
BtQOUtfO, Thomas H. E»|.
I'lcAwniiin, John, Ktq., r.a*.
Vcmnix, Right Hod Ixwl, «.«.. Ac.
KAAULr.i-Wn.Har. Otpt A. P«i ' ■»•
Ft;m.t.-*<>\\ JttHK K-»| . MUl,
Fim>Lat, A.U, BOA,
; i.. ]U.IIun.PirThiMi.F.,lUrt1
Jo»i«»,r.ui)i. FciSi
MuWki.i, Sir «ui. BtfrHn£ R*ft, M.r.
Mi:ui»-»t.u Ii i i . c.n.
N (I BQUOHj Hr Cliail^>, R«rl.
Oi.ipiiaxt. Ijutn'nrv. Fa/j., * r.
:v, c»j>t Sben -i. - 11 .. k.H.
RtCOABM, <')l|'t Q, II , K.J*.
faUUMfOMb \im-onr.l
TBO0OM, Thom«, Bffe, « i>„ PJj .
Santo*.
M«*n«.Cw«i, llinpru-n, »n.i Co., 19, Ch»riitf<ma.
AMitfUut £m«tnv» .Tntl €tttor «( Ctaiifi.uttanD.
ll W. Batm, E»q.
( » )
HONORAKY, AND HONORARY CORRESPONDING
MEMBERS.
1868.
HONORARY.
H.I. II. Don Pedro II., Emperor of Brail,
Hi* Majesty the King of Sweden and Nor-
way.
His Majesty the King of the Belgians.
Hie Imperial Highness the Ex-Grand Duke
of Tuscany.
His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke
Conatantine, Pres. Imp. Geo. Soc. of St.
Petersburg.
HU Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh.
His Imperial Highness Ismail Pasha, Vice-
roy of Egypt.
HONORARY CORRESPONDING,
AmCH, Dr. William Hermann, St Petersburg
Aerell, G«n. Carl, Topo. Corps of Sweden,
Stockholm
Baer, Cher, de K. E., Mem. Imp. Acad, of
Sdenca St. Petersburg
Balbl, M. Eug&ne de Milan
Ba&tiai*, Dr. Adolph .. Bremen
Berbscooer, M. M Algiers
BerOHAL-s, Prof. Heinrich .. .. Berlin
P.ORMEtSUR, Dr. Hermann, Buenos Ayres
Cm ut. Prof. Paul Genera
COELLO, Don Fraud**) . . . . Madrid
Dasa, Professor James D., New Haven,
Connecticut
D'Avezac,M Puis
De la Roqctette, M., Doyen et President
Hoooraire de la Societe" de Geographie,
Paris
Dirrrxra, Gen., Director of the Topo. De-
part.,.Switzerland GeneTa
Duvr. trier, M. Henri .. .. Paris
EhREVBERO, C. P., For. aUR. and LB.,
Berlin
Ermas, Prof. Adolph Berlin
FAIDHP.RBE.Ge'neml L„ General Coraman-
Auit'ttBone Algerie
FlOAME&E, Command. Jorge* Cesar Lisboo
FREMONT, General New York
Grtyvell, Henry, Esq. V.P. Geogr. Soc.
of New York
Gtjtot, Prof., LL.D., Princeton, New Jersey
HinHHOER, Dr. William, V.P. Imp.Geogr.
Soc of Vienna
Hansteiii, Prof., For. M.Rb. Chrfstiania
Hazeliub, M.-Gen. J. A., Chief of the
Topo. Corps of Sweden .. Stockholm
Helmersen, Col. P. .. St. Petersburg
Hoqel, Baron Ch. yon .. .. Brussels
Irminger, Rear-Admiral C. L. C, R.D.N.,
Copenhagen
JaysES, Capt. M. H., D.R.K., Delft, Holland
JoCHMUS, Field Marshal Lieutenant Baron
Vienna
Kexnellv, D. J. Esq., f.r.a.8.
Kuanikof, M Paris
Kiepert, Dr. H Berlin
Leal, His Exc. Senhor Fernando da Costa,
Governor of Moesamedes, Benguela
West Africa
Leal, JoseTda Silva Mendes, Minister of the
Colonies Lisbon
Lis ant Pasha Alexandria
Livingstone, David, Esq., m.d., ll.d.
LCrtE, Admiral K R, Pres. of the Imp.
Academy of StseDOM .. St, Petersburg
Macedo, J. J. da Costa de .. .. Lisbon
Madoz, Don Pascual Madrid
Malte-Brun, M. V. A., Sec. Geogr. Soc.
of Paris
Mart roe, Dr. Charles ron .. .. Munich
Maury, Commodore M. F.
Nardi, Monsignor Francesco .. Rome
Negri, Chevalier Cristofbro .. .. Turin
Peterhaxn, Dr. Augustus ., .. Gotha
Puilippi, Dr. Rodulfo Armando .. Chili
Platen, HU ExotUencv Cu u&.
XVI
List of Honorary Corresponduig Members.
Raimoxdt, Don Antonio Lima
Ranuzzi, Count Annihale .. .. Bologna
KOppell, Dr. E., For. m.u... Frankfort
Salab, Don Sotumino, Proa. Topo, Depart.,
Argentine Kepub, . . . . Buenos Arres
Scheda, Hen- tod, Director of the Imp.
Inst, of Military Geogr. .. .. Vienna
Sghebzeb, Dr. Karl Ton .. .. Vienna
Soldajc, Don Marino Felipe Paz,
Lima, and 2lA, Hanover square, \V.
SOHlXAB, Lieut-Col. the Cber. de,
Wiener, Keuatadt, Vienna
Stbuve, Prof. Otto, Imp. Ooserr. of
Pnlkowa St. Petersburg
Sydow, U.-Col., Emil Ton (Chief of the
Geographical Department of the Staff of
the Prnauan Army), Behren Stratae, 66,
Berlin
Tchiuatchef, M. Pierre de .. Pari*
TscnuDX, Herr T. T. Ton .. .. Vienna
Vahdbb Maelen, Mr. Ph. .. Brussels
Verneuil, M. E. de Paris
ViLLAYiCEHClo, Don Manuel Guayaquil
WBAicaELL, Admiral Baron,
St. Petersburg
ZiEOLEB, M. J. M Winterthor
( xvii )
T-#*
1863
1860
1851
1865
1861
1853
1830
1867
1867
1861
1862
1859
1830
1859
1860
1830
1862
1838
1865
1857
1830
1864
1857
1858
1867
FELLOWS.
( To 11th January, 1868.)
N.B. — Those having * preceding their names have compounded for life.
Abdy, Rer. Albert, x.a. Worcester CoQ., Oxford; and Streatham.
A Beckett, Arthur M.t Esq., F.R.C.S.E.
Abinger, W. F. Scarlett, Lord. Guard's Club, S.W.
Acbeson, Frederick, Esq., c.e. 7, College-hill, Bighbury-park, North, N.
Acland, J. Barton Arundel, Esq. Mount Peel, Canterbury, Xew Zealand. Care
of A. Mills, E*qn 34, Eyde-park-gardens, W.
AcUnd, Sir Peregrine Palmer F. P., Bart. Fairfield, Somerset.
•Acland, Sir Thomas Dyke, Bart, F.R.S. 34, Hyde-park-gardens, TV. ; and
Killerion, Exeter ; Devon.
Adair, Col. Alex. Shafto. 7, Audley-aquare, W.
Adare, Vtscouot, ClearteeO-court, Coleford, Gloucestershire.
10 Addington, Right Hon. H. U. 78, Eaton-place, S. W.
Addison, Col. Thomas, c.B.
Ainslie, CoL H. Francis, Junior United Service Club, S. W. ; and Burlington-
chambers, 180, Piccadilly, W.
•Ainsworth, W. Francis, Esq., FJ.A. Bavenscourt-villa, Xevs-road, J/am-
mersmith, W.
Airlie, David Graham, Earl of. ffolly-hdge, Kensington, IV.
Aitchison, David, Esq. 180, Piccadilly, W.
• Albemarle, George Thomas, Earl of. 11, Grosvenor-square, W. ; Quidacnham-
hall, Zarlmgford, Norfolk ; and Elvedon-hall, Suffolk.
Alcock, Sir Rutherford, E.C.U. Athenantm Club, S. W.
*Aldam, William, Esq. Frickley-hall, near Doncaster.
Aldom, Joseph R. Esq., M.A., ph. dr. Salway-house, Leyton, Essex.
ao Aldrich, Captain Robert D., E.K. Windmill-road, Croydon, Surrey, S.
Alexander, Colonel Sir Jas. Ed., K.c.ua„ f.r.a.s., F.R.8.E., etc., 14th Kegt.
United Service Club, S. W. ; and WestertonJiOuse, Bridge of Allan, X.L'.
Allan, C. H., Esq. Lloyd's, E.C. ; and 31, Park-street, Stoke Neuington, X.
Allan, G. W., Esq. Moss Park, Toronto, Canada.
Allan, Jas., Esq. 122, Leadenhall-etreet, E.C.
Allen, Alderman Wra. F. (Lord Mayor of London). ifansion-lio ;:.c, E.C.
VOL. XXXVI7.
XV'lll
List of Fellutc* of the
Emm
!>.:•■ Ml.n, JaniM I'miw. K*i. IS, WtirtoftlM, R1R
18W OH, .1. S„ R*(. 8, /oAn-ffcMf, ^c//</-., IV.-'.
,../ . i. hi. i : tlnxlvU ft I *^&mttl*t.
I''1 ■ Ufa "V • 1 1 * iT| I ■>!■ V » wotJ^jroK, Jifrwcoit, 3.
1S07 JO Amlflrmn, Sir Honrj I.., EA1 ft Bfa
l&tf3 Amlonon, Jamc*, Kan,. 1, BUlittr-eourU Ci't;/, l\C.
Iff.'- An.liTicin, John, Hiq. Mmr. W, ll. A.tarr>*.jii nod Co. Skartgh-ii. Can of
Mtnr$. Jno. Bunt ■>•*/ C*>., iTeity £«•/. i*«r .1 /<!«/-*. ,4/im, 7'Ao»w*, a«J
Co., 49, Linn-it
Ik | •Anilpr««i1 i U U. . <mi Z\t, t;lmuaiUn**iwiri, Ityd^pnrh, W.
XASO 'Andrew, William l>, E^.
IW7 Andmwi, O. H.( Kiq. 7ft* rafting Sne tirmlftuil.
|iH Aadrewa, Jolm R., E«q. iT-irf-AiXr-AouK-, in,nt?a«M, ATT,
1M1 Ann«u>y, COL lli- KM. Hn )i. M.P. 2&. Jt»rfalk-*trmtt P.trlflant, W.
lft©> •Aiiaon, Sir John Willmm Hninilluu, Bart. 65, fvrthnJ-pUcf, S.W. J and
Sftff/fy-Aow, Croyit»;i,
»J3 A"***. fW "• I-* *.. *'.«.«., «tr. 5-1. Jirunwbk-wi, W.C.I AHmmm
CM, •'■' A ' ft ** -'.'f. >\f<irti%,G<temteij.
1MT 4C Aiouuthcr. M.-Oen. Philip, OJfcj Mudm Aril).
iMfcOtfcr, Urtt I I* Brfpit Mo+tr+il, QxuiJo. Cure of Lt.-Cti.
/. JjuemfW, //inf'<TxA.Tf-i-/#i//l fpritkJi,
1830 •Antr«hu., Mr f-Mniiinil. But Mfig I'wnt\ll'jt M ; C— aT Ow, I^W,
Sumy; and Amtfbvr^, ]\iltt.
1 Ift.-S Arbei. EdVtld, faty* A.K.C. Admit-uit;/, W.C. : Civil Strvtci CV'A ft »V.
|0|| ArW) •<■>'. 6MBJv, Kiq. 19, fjyde-f*irk-yirtlau, IV.
t(*«L Arbutfmut. Lieut. Oroiyr, K.U.A. iW*i/-fA, Sunttmytl'df.
18(10 AronUokBtb Andrew, K»q. 3S, Albemur!c-it>v«t, U'.
iKftl Archer. GrnTeiTliu*.. Eoq. 1, Ennitmore-pkict. PrvKt'syaU. S.W.
\ Bit(i Awn***, The MarquU UlArromirtmo. C«im JW«i', i'^M. CW*# ^ J/*". Snwifdt
Qwnkft, 15. Ffeonttbr, iv.
IH.'.j *Art«, Kit-turd KJwnnl, fjq. SWowy-juir^, jffjftfffflrT, W.W.
186* jo'Armwlttid, Rcr. CliarlM Jolin, X.x., T.n.A. Univcrrity Chb,S.W.l XtHmeJ
Club* S, W. ; und Withi'ilfaxctoi y, hmt Jsr-O*, J > ■ ■
IITl Arn»Ut«4, QHk, K^. **-*/ r*M^ >->^.
1863 Armilnicf, B.lw.u-1, &q. $, UaU-,wJ, St. JoM+vtvd, 4V. IV.
IW1 Ajm*(rr«nu, flhBMrig, Bn^ «»„ RJf., r,ii.o,P., IVniity ImjKfl.n-liVnm!.
Rojal BlolrilU Hoaplla), Chtithim. Mr QMbd AwCM C**, &'. IV.
Arnui, I'liillp Tork, Ear! ef. /'. --i/ion-AomBf, Unrvt-placc, Slwuw*$trctt,E.W
mrf SwurfrfrVcOH-'r, H>r/.»/i, /rtimid.
1830 •Anowmnlth, Jell, K-i,, r.n**,«. 35, IJcrtfvnl-*}uortt Old Dr<nnplQn, S, H .
Arthur. John. Ki^. », ^(^^.//^ju^^ ;v.
1«03 Arthur, Captain William, K.M. 7^* /Vfisry, lc-tihcf/x*1.
AihhHTtfin, Lorf, HntK-hvLie, r.n\uti/tyi 11'.
• -..l.too, a J. E-q. /Tof/orwour.', IfrlBrtWlft iftwf,
JW» j (o*Ashw«U} JaniM, bq., M.i„ K.flA
Royal Geographical Society. xix
Two!
1851 Aatley, Francis D. P., Esq., MAI. 67, Eaton-square, S.W.
1830 • Atkins, John Pelly, Esq., F.S.A. Halsted-place, near Sevenoaks.
1860 Attwdl, Professor Henry. Barnes, S.W.
1859 Austen, Capt. Henry H. Godwin, 24th Foot, Trig. Survey, Punjab. Junior
United Service Club, S.W.} and ChUworth-manort Guildford, Surrey.
1863 Autin, John G., Esq.
1654 Ayrton, Acton S., Esq., u.p. 3, Essex<ourt, Temple, E.C.
1845 *Ayrton, Frederics:, Esq.
1866 *Babiugton, William, Esq., 23, Fulham-place, Maida-hUl, West, W. ; ami
Bonny River, West Coast of Africa.
1836 'Back, Admiral Sir Geo., D.C.L..F.B.S. 109, Gloucester-place, Portman-sq., W.
1863 7<r*BadEhouae, John Henry, Esq. Darlington.
1866 Bacon, Geo. Washington, Esq. 48, Paternoster-row, E.C. ; and 73, P cntonvUle-
road.
1864 Badger, Her. Geo. P. 7, Dawson-piace, Bayswater, W.
1863 Begot, Christopher N., Esq. Oriental Club, W.
1862 Bagot, Capt L. H. Care of C. S. Bagot, Esq^ 40, Chancery-lane, W.C.
1859 Bailey, L. C, Esq., Staff Commander, R.H. Topographical Department,
New-street, Spring-gardens, S. W.
1857 Baillie, Major John, Bengal Staff Corps. 22, Palace-gardens-terrace, Ken-
sington, W.
1862 Baillie, John B., Esq. Leys-castle, Inverness.
1861 Baillie, William Henry, Esq. 13, ChapeUtreet, Belgrave-square, S. W.
1857 Baines, Thomas, Esq., 15, Northumberland-street, W.C.
1861 8o*Baker, John, Esq.
1862 Baker, Capt. Robert B. Oriental Club, Hanover-square, W.
1865 Baker, Sir Samuel White. Hedenham-haU, Bungay, Norfolk.
1855 Baker, Capt. Wm. T„ 85th Regt. Junior United Service Club, S. W. ; and
31, Orosvenor-place, Bath.
1861 Baldwin, William Charles, Esq. Ley kmd -vicar age, Preston.
1861 Balfour, David, Esq. Balfour-castle, Kirkwall, N.B.
1847 Balfour, H-.General George, R-a., CD. 27, Gordon-street, Gordon+quare,
W.C; and Oriental Club, Hanover-square, W.
1853 Balfour, John, Esq. New South Wales; and Colinton, Queensland; 39, St.
James' -street, S.W.
1863 Balfour, John Osborn, Esq. 7, The Common, Woolwich.
1863 Balfour, William, Esq. 16, Paragon, Bamsgate.
1860 90 Ball, John, Esq. Oxford and Cambridge Club. S.W.
1863 Bamforth, Rer. J., Principal of DoTeton College. Madras. Care of Messrs.
Jackson, Watford, and Rodder, 27, Paternoster-row, E.C.
1852 Bancroa, Capt. W. C, 16th Regt, Aide de Camp and Military Sec.,
King's House, Jamaica ; M'Gregor and Co^ Charles-street, S. W.
1862 Banks, George F., Esq., Surgeon r.n.
1858 Bennermnn, Sir Alexander, Bart. CrimonmogaU, Aberdeenshire.
hi
XX
List of Fellow* of the
mo
1603
l$M
'■
1844
1862
1804
18:i8
1850
1867
una
ix«:«
18.17
IHttl
■
1804
IR37
1*50
1864
WOT
1807
\m
WOT
l*fi3
IMI
WOT
was
IM2
19M
1854
1*5«
Uol
•B*rd»y, Arthur Krtt, Etq., F.HJ. Park-$tr*l. S<mth*arltt 8.E. ; tfnrf
JUrfoni. A. II,. E*q.. B4« 1. Cwnuvtl*tffrrecw, Urgent syark, X IK
lUriop, th« Hon. AUruiiiar, C.
•Burlnp, John, Kuj. ftiAicwW, CAfcA«tor.
•B»riuj, Tliomru, bq„ M.f. 41, Upp**- Gnmmor-iirf*^ TV.
too &tri«#. PntaSdi Mm** *'*i. •>•*• tf <?■ i<P**na$, jK*;., ft. OK
Wfrttf, JT.C. /*«■/«. (V#«l/m <uilri.i
Bunctl, H. C.,'1'*!. C** o/ ^for. WAyftMt, £*/., 0, Ccur$c*tl., L'MtryA.
Ii*mttv Jatiw, K«q, Jymn*Ailt, n*ii> /MrrtVyfon. C*#»4tin*.
B tfen, Lord. 19. AWf/W-ftwt, J%/.ifc, W.
fttmtigton \Wnl, Mnrmm J., K*|. M.i.j,!,il,i,r-f»i/li (Irjont.
iWnun'i JmIjh, Iv**),, r.n.6., r.8.A. I", Wiw>«r»l«rr«*, ficjtnfrpwKi ,V. TT-
fctiry, AIM, Ell}
1 1, IMnH UwU, K^. tbfen Ctofc, ft II .
lUrtuo, AIM. E«j., *.d. OrfmtoJ CM, U". ; urni IfamrfW <Wt.
i ro Buf'L Cvftt J, R, LB. 100, iMfnw+rood, A IV. ; i/«**. i;<-«irfhy i ft*
P.irUa#,»nt-Mtrcttt & W.
•ButPtnan, Jxhikj, Kjq« r.iLft., LA. A'wjptnley-hall, tfbiforxhhirc,
B*tcmn», Jvfan F., Kvj., an. U, Orraf Qtonj9-*trc*t, Wfitmi'utcr, S.W.
Btttt. Bmy MMT, Ejq., rXJ. IS. W/nltbilt-jtna, S.W.
lkUsoa, Cicotge, E»q. 45, Grttn-ttrttt, ftirh-lafU, IV.
UnlUn. John IL, &q. JtoJman, FakvmM; a*l Gnmru/ CftiA, Jfrn-irffi-
■ ■ . N
Ha», Oq>U Il'my O. S, Susnr-jilic*, //'jtttft^fA'ijatxJoiu, W.
•h»i!cr, Nr Uivxl, l.iil. thtdl* I \ Mowj-flu-c, Ittm'/uijU; and A i.'nwrOU-
m*Ut, Cm
inn 1. li*.i.(IWri»tciKit-I.nw). UfXtfUlrr-/'"^ tirt IV.
lUwuIuli?, JciKf* H., 1£*). 14, CA«f«^(#rroW, fljpwU'jjari, -V. H'.,- aw/
. './</,,, mv 7:. IsMMHsHAf 7/#<*<«i CU«t/# /iMt HVoi-»/'«-(, £'.0.
Ii3 B»jl^,Ch«. Jno., h>q.,cn^H.4 M, Vtrfflrvr-rftjrf, At4 '.'■■. H.
BfcjllTi M. B^, ffAwMfatf-jarA, CM.
h»yir, Ucal -' ' • lata I »'. CMta hm Am nj cybf; 131, it. o«^c'M«*arf#
MRJbBb&ir.
B«yiM, L-inuL-CVa. It. Slwirt. -4rr/.y u»/ ffaQl &ut>, 8.W.; and 38, Ja-ott/n-
*trs. . ft IT
B«nUi( I hytafti II. H., a.*. 0, drfoyaft^ti*-, ft if.
Bronltiiorv, Nalhnnxl, |kj . 0 Bi B0, ffh M (7«0i :■ •irtrt, \VtitmmAtirt&.W.
B«*ucl«rlc, Aubrey dp W*, h«), AmL/Iom, Cv. !•' '■'/ Mi
BMufurt. Wllliwii Morrlc, K*q„ Hon^.1 «lnl .Vrri«. JJ«ijuf.
CO, togmt-4t**tt, W.
»8M9Ml VMWOVQ B., E*j.. M.r. 144, P^ottUUj, H'./ ^y««ff
Sevc<utl4-vpen-T>jn9 1 W t)retto*-p ark, Wakefield.
Royal Geographical Society. xxi
1863
1867
1887
1865
1861
1838
1859
1860
1861
1860
1846
1853
1830
1858
1863
1863
1858
1830
1864
1830
1857
1856
1856
1830
1833
1859
1861
1865
1866
1856
1863
1867
1842
1864
1836
1866
1862
1866
130 Beam, Hugh J. C, Esq., f.a.bx. 13, Blandford-square, Regent' s-park, N. W. ;
4, Middlc-tcmpU-lane, E.C. ; and Junior Carlton Club, 8. W.
Beaxeley, Alexander, Esq., c.e. Engineers' Office, Trinity -how, E.C.
BmmIct, Michael, Esq., m.i.c.e. Trinity Works, Penzance, Cornwall.
Bebb, Horatio, Ksq. 13, Gloucester-place, W. ; and Leamington.
Beckett, Junes F., Esq., SUff Commander, R.K., i\r-s.a. 6, Boyne-terrace,
NotOng-hill, W. Care of Captain Qeorge.
•Beckford, Fraud* L., Esq. Ruxley-lodge, Ether, Surrey,
Bedford, Capt. G. Augustus, Bjr. 5, Ormond-terrace, Regent' 's-park, N. W.
Beeton, Samuel Or chart, Esq.
•Begbie, James, Esq. 27, Mark-lane, E.C.
Begbie, Thomas Stirling, Esq. 4, Mansion-house-place, E.C.
140 Beke, Charles Tilstone, Esq., ph. db., r.8.A., Ac. Bekesbourne-house, near
Canterbury.
Belcher, Rer. Brjmer. Si. GabneVs, Pimlico, 8.W.
•Belcher, Vice-Adm. Sir Edward, k.c.h., t.h.a.s, 22a, Connaught-square, W.
Beldam, Edw., Esq. I, Stone-buildings, Lincoln' s-inn,W.C. ; and Royston, HerU.
Belmore, The Earl of. Dover-street, Piccadilly, W,
•Bell, Charles, Esq. Richmond.
Bell, C. Davidson, Esq., Surveyor-General, Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town.
Care of the 8. A. Pub. Library, Cape Town. Per Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co.
*Bell, James Christian C, Esq. 42, Westbourne-terrace,W. ; and 15, AngeU
court, Throgmorton-street, E.C.
Bellamy, Edward, Esq. 10, Duke-street, St. James's, 8.W.
'Bennett, John Joseph, Esq., p.r.b. British Museum, W.C.
150 Bennett, J. Risdoo, Esq., M.D. 15, Fmsbury-square, E.C.
'Benson, Robert, Esq. 16, Craven-hill-gardens, Bayswater, rV
•Benson, William, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. 16, Craven-hUl-gardens, Bayswater, W.
Bentham, George, Esq., Pres. L.8. 25, Wilton-place, 8. W.
Bsntiey, Richard, Esq. New Burlington-street, W.
Berens, H. Hnlse, Esq. Sidcrots, Foot's Cray, Kent.
Berkley, George, Esq., C.E. 24, Great George-street, 8.W.
Bernard, P. N„ Esq. 8, Finch-lane, E.C.
Berridge, F., Esq. Winchester-house, Winchester-road, Adelaide-road, N.W.
Berry, Josiah, Esq. 16, Regent-square, W.C.
160 Best, William, Esq. Felpham, Sussex.
Bethnne, Alexander M ., Esq. Otterburn, Samlet-road, Upper Norwood ; and
122, LeadenhaU-ttreet, E.C.
•Bethnne, R.-Adm. C. R. Drinkwater, O.B. 4, CromweU-rd.,South Kensington, W.
•Betts, E. L., Esq. Preston-hall, Maidstone, Kent.
BetU, John, Esq. 115, Strand, W.C.
Beran, William, Esq. 8, Cedars-road, Clapham-common, S,
Bicker-Caarten, Peter, Esq. 30, Northumberland-place, Bayswater, W.
Bkknell, Algernon S., Esq. 37, Onslow-square, S.W.
XXII
t.i or
Kl ■*»*•,.
I8f0
1865
rt
ia&o
i ^...i
ld&d
I860
1858
1859
1802
1897
1358
13C1
Ml
tin
1887
1858
1881
1854
■
1850
1857
IftM
Ml
1857
i NS
1854
Itttil
1830
18(U
1880
1661
1837
1863
1858
List of Fellows of the
BWwtll. CWle» Toll.Rn> <rtwr*i* CV<*. 55. AV*ii^*t..Cornii tf'if itm, HV
28. O rojprtwf-jr, £ifim*f.t £. W. Qtrto/Mn BidtceU, £tq„ foreign QJJk*.
i;o Uia- T*10^ W CV»»**tt-Aou*<\ Jlfcy4MB4j Ami.
Bigg*. Prata-icfe W., Bq. LieMnt-ka/l, »«jfron VKiMm,
Big>l>r, Jofcc J., £m{.( M.n. 80, Glomxitcr-jjnce, /Vi'r/wiw/wfC, W.
Binghtun, P. K*q. -ittmBin CT«5, & W.
Bbflb, H. W.. K..j. U, lWft«?fc-*fr*rft OuvfufuA-rpMnr, \Y.
Dinbi joim wiiiutn.E*!. 3*. fflwUVroW.. /.'.c..- 1 <KjfaA<*/.a tr.
Birch, Copt. Thorns*. n.X. 0MU gwtfM Chfc 5.W.
•lUiciiil!, Gipt B. H. H. S(. StrjJurn'*, RrJ/wit, H&ir //uwufotr.
*'■•■'• '"i: '"•"". BflBf 1 I . Baj, 7. C, raflon^trttt, *Vnr Bond>*t+4et, W.
"!'• lining* **q.. i.iXA.ft, Cuto Cl*t. fi.W.; atul 77ie J/ftufow,
7lrfcW..(7Ti, & PK
BWiop, Jnm*», E^. 1 1 ^iw, ip.
W»wd, Kw-lt. ft. * ., i .lent, n.r.w.). TO, tonurMfrwf, W,
•DlMuw.WilUo. II., !:>,.,« a., r.6.A.,r.J5.«, Jl«x*t >***,*.
•BUrk. Kninrls K*v 0. jY<vti4r*$4 .EtthfoiPpA.
Blvfc, ThomM, E*}„ 9upHntcni#i.t P, nn>l O. &tmm SnTig*tion Com]>,ur\
iJockjiinJ. Orknlol-pttiar. SwMnimirlvm,
Bfaofeiflft, Huary, K*q. 1% ftwtf MMtonyMNrt, IT.
BUdcle. W, QriUmm, K»q„ rn. OB, 38, AtMMnA ffltmjov,
♦BlfloJnioy, William, luq., R.X. /I;/<lrOffrcfAh«<ft?<, ft IV.
•IUncUloiw. l-'i»la.ik Kill. I. Cmi., D.0.U £r«r«A ilfuwcun, TKC
1)0 BUln«, I>. IIM— IWi I, I'-tprt^nUtnjs, TtmjU, E.C.
and 8, SovtfaoUM-phc*, IIydt~park~*j>£xr<, W,
♦BIbIco, WoKimuw, Eft} ft. flfitovMrr-ptact, W.
Blaltoloy, dipt, .U«r., LA.
BUftfDO, I'-ipum Thomiu, KX "H, !1V/%An-»ti«rt, IVcn/ufcA, ^.tV.
•BUnaKird, H«nry, E^., P.fc.A.i.
"r.h.iulinnl. HfnrT, M*\ JM, vV><tf<iuraf-rA*mopr W.; rtnff53,CAan«ryJijfVt W.C.
Bl.ui*;..»i.l, llu-liijJ. lv«|. FoirfttJ, /Lymuvj/vn, Flint*.
BhaOj Kra* H., Kwj., M.n. Trndruuj. ne<ir Gbtatfl&K
BUdcowc, W. Kobort, E«<j. 7ft* //ft)*, i>ww,
Blenkin, Willbun, E«q. A&llHtt**. Sumy,
20o*BlcwIttv Octaviiia, t»|. I, -i.W/A»-//rt^»c, .9tVraf , JTC.
BIoit. Kiltranl, liq,, u.f. i... P«BA< »■».*.. 4k *. ManchaUr+jmr*. \T.
BJ*w,WilIir,m\Voottori, r^. O*-^ .V .: / <„,, ;>V/«oVr^p«-A, .VtWi ^T/-rf.
I\;.ii*iraf. OiwiM ,!,, Ki.|, (^irrtoJkcuit, fto/nar, Svmir.
•niiu.t, Jo.., E^.
•Wnnt. WiliVM, Rfeq,
7Wte*cnA(i«i, a n
Royal Geographical Society. xxiii
TorM
1863~
1850
Boileau, Sir John P., Bart., f.rjj. 20, Upper Brook-street, W.
Bollaert, William, Esq. 21 a, Hanover-square, W.
1862 ( Bolton, CapL. Francis John, 12th Regt Chatham.
1861
1864
1861
1858
1865
1866
1859
1845
1856
1858
I860
1866
1865
1855
1867
1861
1854
1866
1862
1833
1856
1365
1866
1862
1845
1865
1856
1851
1862
1863
1850
1867
1860
1859
axo Bompas, George Cox, Esq. 15, Stanleifgardcns, Kensington-park, W.
Bone, John William, Esq., B.A., r.RAX*, fab. 42, Bedford-square, W.C.
Bonne j- , Charles, Esq. Adelaide, Australia,
Bonnor, George, Esq. 49, Pall-mall, 3. W. ; and 2, Bayswater-terr., Kensmgton-
square, W.
Bonwick, James, Eaq. St. Kilda, Melbourne. Care of W. Beddow, Esq., 22,
South Audley-street, W.
Booker, Wm. Lane, Esq. Care of F. B. Alston, Esq., Foreign Office.
Borough, Sir Edward, Bart. 4, Nassau-street, Dublin.
•Borrer, Dawson, Eaq. AJtmont Ballon, Co. Carlow, Ireland.
•Botcherby, Blackett, Esq., M.A. 48, Brompton-row, S. W.
•Botterill, John, Eaq. FlowerJ>ank, Burley-road, Leeds.
330 Boustead, John, Esq. 34, Craven-street, Strand, W.C.
•Boutcher, Emanuel, Esq. 12, Oxford-square, Hyde-park, W.
Boarerie, P. P., Esq. 16, HUt-street, Berkeley-square, W.
Boret, Charles, Esq. 135, Camden-road, N.W.
Bowell, Wm., Esq., M.C.P. Qate-hovse Qrammar-scJiool, Hereford.
•Bo wen, Charles Christopher, Esq, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Care of A. 0. Ottywell, Esq^ 16, Charing-cross, 8. W.
■Boweo, Sir George Ferguson, k.c.m.0., m.a. Govenorof Queensland, Australia.
Bower, Anthony Haw, Esq. 8, Rochester-road, Camden-totcn, A*. W.
Bowie, John, Esq. Conservative Club, S. W.
Bowlea, Admiral Sir William, K.C.B. 8, HM*trtet, Berkeley-square, W.
3jo Bowman, John, Esq. 9, King WUliam-street, E.C.
Bowring, John, Esq. Larkbeore, Exeter.
Bowring, Samuel, Esq. 1, Westbourne-park, W.
Boyce, Bar. W. B., Secretary to Wesleyan Missionary Society. 38, Mtiner-
square, Islington, N.; and Wesleyan Mission House, Bishopsgate-street,
E.C.
•Boyd, Edward Lennox, Esq., F.S.A. 35, Cleveland-square, Hyde-park, W.
Boyle, Frederick, Eaq. The Firs, Bebington, Cheshire.
Boyne, G. Hamilton- Russell, Viscount. 22, Belgrave-square, S.W. ; Brance-
peth-castle, Durham ; and Burwar ton-hall, Ludlow, Salop.
Braeebridge, Charles Holte, Esq. Atherstone, Warwick.
Braithwaite, Isaac, Eaq. 68, Old Broad-street, E.C.
•Bramley-Moore, John, Esq. Langley-lodye, Qerrard's Cross, Bucks.
340*Brand, James, Eaq. 109, Fenchurch-street, E.C.
Brandis, Dr. D., fjj. Director of Forests, Calcutta. Care cf W. II. Allen,
Esq., 13, Waterloo-place, S. W.
Brasaey, T., Esq. 4, Great George-street, S. W. ; and 56, Lowndes-square, S. W.
Braybrooke, Philip Watson. Assistant Colonial Secr«tarij, Ce^Um. Mewr*.
Price and Co.t Cratcn-ttrcd.
List of Fettles (f the
Wnl
IMC.
\U%
1X07
u.m
MS
U61
18Ul<
l«l
1856
1841
1861
18*4
1841
1341
1M3
IMS
1" \
ISC*
IK*
i*.-.
U40
t«H
WW*
IBM
II ..
18CT
Mfl -
18C3
IStii
1W7
t:..:i
IW7
♦Bronohfcr, Jul.iu, K*j. Or/lwJ «uf ComWu^# Ciub, S. W, ; anJ Milj-iic, **«r
M '.i&tow, A'cwf.
Urrrrton. K«v. C. D., *.*. £iW« IfruAwAom, Uowjham, AV/ott.
ratca, l!c». .'olio, ll.d., r.e.*. Hatfrrd.
- ..;.,..,„ iionry,Eiq.,Comnid, ».»., m.k.i. 1& flmftw CrWrttf. Jttffc
Brftl, Churl!*, frq. 44, ftarfwJ tgUgfr IV,
ISO UrM^e** Nathaniel, Kaq,
•I'.r.f'/ly. 'lnwflld 'A'.. K>|. BL WflftytWIjrf.i ITurrinjlfm'Xi]., If tmfMctii-itl.. A*. TV.
Briip, Mijor, J. P. fiUWi IMU.lcof, BtUMk MB-
.'. BM I ftrfaj T„ v.i\, F.n.ju. 6, H'grfmi'julgr^m&tfj-j, VSc/fr-fa ■tug*,
i j aad *9, z-imo"/'
Brigbfti J*im-, Cm]., M.f. IV, Wf ttington+jmre, ffltlttntuxm.
Mm, Xijor Krf.1i.ri,', | r. Awj ami Xawj Cttili, S W. ; Tirwjiil. /.'. farfio.
I ■•'.' <y iln, F. Urine, k'J-J-
Beiur. Commander UmIcuiy, ■>*■ .driny am/ iVuty CVnf;. ■ '. I". . ItJfJ.
!.'
iu.if.-i-, is,/,. . MHfiVwgianh AVucAurcft-itrwi. £,C.
:6o Brodia, Writ*!1, Eiq. 13, Prlam^r-termee, Uyttt-par *, II".
Brwliir, WUliuo, Etq. Earttourne, Sunex.
♦Brwlrick, Gcorp C, Eq, J2i, jrotatf-iirwtf, W.
Broofee,Hr Juaai, K.C.H., &.0.U Barrator, Ifanjbriljt, S. Dftmf MUfWrnv
■, .% \Y.; and 6Vavat( A* am,
•llrnoW, Sir Vn-i«r A., Hart. Cotttraokr-ptvA, Co. t'trmmuyS, M**i.
Bt.«A«», Thanm, Ek], -Vu! *■>:>.--' , IF.
• r.rooluiig, Gttffl Id Min.. Lxj. Si, Sunux-jartlmt, BytUfar^ ir.
■BnoHaft MaiucmIuIm Hut, K*|. 11, -V bnfty .-/zi'.rtc, Bryitubm-v/ -iore, H*.
•JlfOflkiog, ThoraM llol.l>werrh, rjij. 1j, .Vm Brcnd-itteet . City, }\C.J *ut
.., tfoffrtk ermemt, H j i
•Iiiui.,:ijll, WiU.iun, lr.«i. Bnwttuoltr, l>om, I\utbrt<Ujc-)Yc(is.
;;s BrouglUcn, John, Lofd, o.o.ii,, u,i,, v.icji, -42, BirAelfy-vjuart, W. ; nnd
•Biown, Piuilel, Kiq. 77rfiT/tju, /.nrlJiMt-rise, Cfyto
Iif/wti, 1>{ win, Lw|, f.o.». //n.y<»ft'0»'7V<Ht.
Bonn, Gto, ItWIbotvlBi. ii./.-.r, PbuoMMr I mA OoAanbii
Cbrtf e/ ;*'. C. Jtedon, E*}^ 6, i/ousoWf/it/jrJ, > . ' '.
BfOHI, Jaiuc*, 1^., M.r. £<Mir»gl<M, rvrk$fiirtm
Browr.Jai. 1*., K«q. /ito/miVp. OireoJ Mr.Chvi. Will* mi, 21, Poultry. X.C.
•IW-wn, Jhiom K., Ksq,, rjus.N.fc. CyjKiilingm. .*. / >, ,, Viir»<AamOrrt»
Rrown, Iter. J. C.f LUH,, iiA. //.tiJtn/fon, Scaifond,
•&mwu, John Allen, K*«j. TV Lixuxlr, The /.' .;, 11".
Brown, ItiflhiirJ, K*q., C.K. 115, Lan*dotrtu-rx*itt KfttHHff W, if.
Royal Geographical Society. xxv
1867
1856
1858
1859
1863
1862
1858
1864
1858
1852
1856
1859
1863
1856
1843
1867
1859
1863
1865
1867
1863
1830
1864
1860
1839
1863
1861
1866
1863
1864
1863
1861
1857
1830
1833
280 Brown, Robert, Esq. 4, Gladstone-terrace, Hope-park, Edinburgh.
•Brown, Samuel, Esq. 11, Lombard-st., E.C.; and The Elms, LarkhoU-rist,
Claphsm, S.
•Brown, Thomas, Esq. 8, By de-park-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
Brown, William, Esq. Loat's-rvad, Clapham-park, S.
Browne, H. H., Esq. 70, Westboume-park-villcu, Hamnc-rd., Paddington, W.
Browne, John Comber, Esq., Superintendent and Inspector of Gorernmeot Schook.
Port Louis, Mauritius.
Browne, John H., Esq. Port Gawler, 8. Australia.
•Browne, Capt. Wade. 6, Charles-street, Berkeley-square, W.
Browne, William J., Esq. Port G aider, S. Australia.
Browning, Henry, Esq. 72, Grosvenot-street, W. ; and Ampkm-fudl, Bury
St. Edmund's.
290-Browning, Thomas, Esq. 6, Whitehall, S. W.
Bruce, Henry Austin, Esq., M.p. Duffryn, Aberdare, Glamorganshire.
Brunton, John, Esq., M.I.O.E., f.oj. 37, Kensintjton-park-gardcns, W.
Bryant, Walter, Esq., k.d., F.R.CA 7, Bathurst-street, Hyde-park-gardens, W.
•Bochan, John Hitchcock, Esq. The Grove, Hanwell, W.
•Buccleoch, his Grace the Duke of, K.O., f.rj. Dalkeith Palace, near Edinburgh;
and Montagu-house, Whitehall, S. W.
Buckland, Edward C, Esq. 36, Lanedoume-road, A'otting-JiiU, W.
Budd, J. Palmer, Esq. Tnisydoren, near Swansea.
Buller, Sir Edward M., Bart^ m.p. Old Palace-yard, S. W. ; and Dilhorn-haItt
Cheadle, Staffs.
•Bulger, Capt. George Ernest, F.L.8., &c Care of Mr. Booth, 307, JtytHM, IP,
joo Bullock, Commander Charles J., RJI. Hydrographiooffice, S.W.
•Bullock, Rear-Admiral Frederick. Woolwich, S.E.
Bullock, W. H., Esq. Grosvenor-hill, Wimbledon, S.W.
• Bu d bury. Sir Charles James Fox, Bart. ; f.r. s . Barton-hall, Bury St. Edmund's.
Bnnbnry, E. H., Esq., K.A. 35, St. James* sstrcct, S. W.
Bundock, F., Esq. Windham Club, S. W. ; and 4, Radnor-place, Gloucester-
square, W.
Burgee, William, Esq. Fethard, Co. Tipperary.
Burgess, James, Esq., m.r. a_s. , Principal of Sir J. Jejeebhoy's Parsee B. Institution.
Hornby-row, Bombay. Care oj T. E.Gillespie, Esq., o\,Es*ex~*t., Strand, W.C.
Borgoyne, Capt. Hugh Talbot b.n.,t.c. 8, Gloucester-gardens, Hyde-park, W.
Burn, Robert, Esq. 5, Clifton-place, Sussex-square, W.
3io*Bnnu, John, Esq. 1, Park-gardens, Glasgow; and Castle Wemyss, ojr
Greenock, N.B.
•Burr, HJgford, Esq. 23, Eaton-place, S. W. ; and A Idermanston-court, BerksJtire.
Borstal, Capt. E., r.n\ 6, Park-villas, Lower Norwood, S.
•BortoD, Alfred, Esq. 36, Marina, St. Leonardos.
•Buxton, Dedmus, Esq., r.R.8. 14, Spring-gardens, S. W. ; and St. Leonard's-
cottage, Hastings.
/.:,/ »f /'V/foter Oj'thf.
I ;::.-..
ISM
im;i
Igtf
umt
18*2
IfiiJt
I8M
UtS-L
1830
1886
1857
1303
Lit)
i M I
1855
185*
I8i8
I8<JI
1858
IBW
180*
1M
IftM
1801
1H«
issr
18 :i
i- Q
•Burt,.,,, Qt|4 BkU. !'■»' | IM fetf .li.B.JI. CowuUt fi«ito#,
DruII. M, tff. Jamn'*-*i.m 8, TV'. CWo tf tf. AnttuIcU. Off* J"**""
Somirwt //ow, IK&
Bury, William C'oulU, Vwcount, M.p. 48, tMVmd goUt & W'
I*fiih, »>t ->r, ».». t MOtwr-aqw**, Itfaigtf*, f,
Hull..-. I. HunIi', faty fapqpMMl fJfparU^nt, Brttuk Jfutnon, TT.C.
1 1 ■■ •! ^itlor, Kot. Horco (R«tor of UIooidIm), 0fcm&* &w/ory, JYjf/#Wif , A'#M.
•UuUor, Krv, TliniBU. tttetttr *>f Longer, .V»r7in//AnwwAirr.
•BuiUm, CIkik, E»q„ M.1-, 7, f7rgfCtfnor-cre>omt( ^ IV*.; iW fo*-*wro», A\rr*y#
♦Button. .SirThomu Kow-ll, Bttt, ui' ftMfiH
Dfw, fetal IV. B* J-/abi/To?arA. Turing WcU>.
Bf&mm, Chpi J., ■■»., V.O. 20, Cn-tofMOr-, '- Ow <^ <r\ J.
AWJ, AjW Admiralty, S.W.
•Ott-UlU U. B., E*q., M.A., f.hj., r.«.A. 1, Brick-tourl, 7mpfc, /'.'
■ '*, IV. ,' 4ft./ /I AJWt 4, SuMCt.
r.ihlhvc.r,,,- i. i: i .,..i 1 1. Sup, it U«). 17, flfcrf IfoC, <v;K .iwi
. LKuU-i)uil(-nlrr<t, l\C. for* </ J|f>t. OiM&ttA, 3, Ur/or/
MfytM, A.
♦CaMvell, C»pt. Henry. *_n. if.If.tf. 'Jftwy/ rvtiamthi crnd Z.Anfitf
Callftxlun, Tbo*. P, E*q. Oorric* CTu5, V.\< .
J JO Calthnrpn, Lord :Vt, rVmnvTUir-ojiurv
CnltL)i-|K\ tHc Hon. Auguitu* Cough. 33, 0 ror:<*tor-aqutirc. U'.
*Callhciqw. Uw Ron I . H. liotijli, a.i». |3, f^ommor-^nor^ IT,
C*lr«t( Frodrrlc, fafc, ,-otrtWt, JW*-W, 11'.; u.nf $, AW
r«i EfeoofaVtai H'.c.
C«n«oo, <-Vpt. Chariot D, Ojw e/ £. JTtrUtal, Xvjn F*^Cnv&jFi«, ft IT.
Comeroo,Duiui,d,K*i. AttrAnucimj, InurnaaJurt .
(.'Macron, Mnjor-GcnenU Sir Duacnn AUxind<r, i;.i:. c.n. JTow Zealand.
Gunirot), .1. b |. N^ J/>«xrjr. AmM. Khttr.tmd Co.
Cona-oa, R W.t bf, fiMfd AChM^ JT«# IM. Cure o/ 3f<*rs. ^roftb «mI
Co., $t. J'tto't- >*Ktlt£,C.
" ~nj* ". T>pt irnirtfr.inr u,Cb« , /{*&+<**, W
I*o Cnjij-MI, Gwijc Ew|. 10, ft. Qrvitfatvut. I'wi'kv, S. IV. , <mi JMcfKBan
CBBfUll, Jnmci, E«q. 156, Jl+jnt-ibvit, W. .- anrf TWnion SttwJ, T*nt
•C:ini].li-i:. .'.-un. ■. 1 '.'.«]. i';;i)T*Jloil«f, /fflulilH, &tm£>tlc»rx ; au<{ ft, J itr\-t1r,-4ty
Gron*nor*quort, W.
SMrt ami G>.
"'„,npUU, Jun«s, K*<i„ jun. JfamptQHrtourt-grMn, S. W.
CtmphfW, Jr«. I>uncnn, Esq.
Coup, Wllllun, Ea>|., «.o. 40, PvA-itrH*, Grtww ^**»y, W.
Royal Geographical Society. xxvii
ThW
1982
1863
1864
1865
1863
1864
1661
1857
1860
1858
1860
1857
1858
1863
1865
1864
1866
1865
1858
1866
1867
1863
1860
1861
1864
1861
1855
1838
Canning, Sir Samuel, c.e. The Manor-house, Abbots Langley, nr. Watford, Herts.
Cannon, John Wm., Esq. Castle-grove, Tuam.
Cannon, I, ioat. -Genera! R. 10, Kensington-gardens-terrace, W.
350*Cardwell, Right Hon. Edward, M.p. 74, Eaton-square, S. W.
•Carew, R. Russell, Esq., J.p. Carpenders-park, Watford, fferU ; and Oriental
Club, W.
Cargill, John, Esq., Member of the Legislative Assembly of New Zealand and
Legislative Council of Otago. [hirudin, Otago, New Zealand.
•Cargill, Wm. W., Eaq. 4, Connaught-place, Hyde-park, W.
•Carmichael, L. M., Esq., M.A., 5th Lancers, Canterbury. Care of If. T.
Clack, Esq., 50, Leicester-square, W.
•Carnegie, Darid, Esq. Eastbury, by Watford, Herts.
Carnegie, Admiral, the Hon. J„ R.N. H.M.S. ■ Salamander*
Camngton, R. C, Eaq. Admiralty, S.W.
Carter, Captain Hugh Bonham, Coldstream Guards, Guards' Club, S.W.; and
1, Carlisle-place, Victoria-street, S.W.
Cart wright, Capt Henry, k.b.a. Barbican4odge, Gloucester.
360 Cartwright, Col. Henry, Grenadier Guards, *.p. 1, Tilney-street, Park-street,
Grosvenor-square, W.
•Carver, the Rev. Alfred J., D.D., Master of Dulwich College. Dulwich, S.
Casella, Louis P., Esq. 23, Hatton-garden, E. C. ; and South-grote, Highgate, N.
Care, Amos, Esq. 109, New-road, Kennington-park, S.; and Rathbone-place,
Oxford-street, W.
Cart, Capt. Laurence Trent. 23, Lowndesstreet, Belgrave-square, S. W.
Care, Stephen, Esq., m.p. 35, Wilton-place, 8. W.
Challis, John Henry, Esq. Reform Club, S. W.
Chambers, Charles Harcourt, Esq., U.K. 2, Cficsham-place, S.W.
Chambers, David, Esq. Paternoster-row, E.C.
Chambers, Lieut,-Col. John (J.P., Lancashire). Priory House, Everton, near
Liverpool ; and PortobeUo-house, Mortlake, Surrey.
370 Chambers, Wm. Thomas Hodgetts, Esq. Chichester, Sussex; and 5, Osborne-
villas. Stoke, Devonport.
Champion, John Francis, Esq. High-street, Shrewsbury.
•Chandleas, Wm., Ecq., d.a. 1, Gloucester-place, Portman-square, W
Chapman, James, Esq. Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.
•Chapman, Spencer, Esq. Roeliampton, S. W.
Char lemon t. Lord. Charlemont-house, Dublin.
Charnock, Richard Stephen, Esq., pn.Dr., f.s.a. 8, Gray's-tnn-equare, W.C. ; and
The Grace, Hammersmith.
Cbeadle, Walter, Esq., B.i.,)*.D.Camb. 2, Hyde-park-place, Cumberland-gate, W.
Cheatham, John Frederick, Esq. Eastwood, Staleybridge.
Cheshire, Edward, Esq. Conservative Club, S. W.
38o*Cbeaney, Major-Geueral Francis Rawdon, r.a., d.c.l., F.a.a. Athenaum Club,
S. W. ; and Batlyardle, Down, Ireland.
xxrm
List of Filhws of thf.
Martha
Mil
18A8
1*56
i ...
i .;.»
ISM
1856
18 AS
ieu
IM4
1863
18tlJ
U»
185*
U&0
l»«
1863
1843
1806
!,,■,;
1800
Mil
U45
18S8
1888
ISM
\M
1*13
18S4
'
MM
1061
CVij/tv/i-AwtBc, yTiamr, Offer- Ja Air t.
CMMvM, Hugft I . I ■'.. I -i . -t'.i1. IT, I'tiurftyordtM, W.; *«<■' Ai I
■i lent JuIju WjIUiuc, Eiq. Qnll yfatfi n«r ApmoI
.mo, Cooamr. Will mm, i:.x. fifrdh|ptylfc*jtffa
•Chunk W. II., Etq.
CbmUU, Ufi Aifr*i frinig. M ./«/<*, ft iv.
ChurcMlI, Clurltt, £*q. rFejffc »Pie~pari, Surrey.
CUrwidon, Q«ffl R .i :. ..... I «rl rf, K.a., «;.c.b. 1, Qrontnor-ercnnt , 8. HV
OmK UNI ti*< •'• U. St Jirmn'+apuitVt Jt.W. ; tnut AYrWtfMfWK,
hifaf ffinipffrt. jfmrm
j>/j*CUik, Bbr J*uw», Uoii., M.i'.. r.n.s. i, Sumy.
CUA, Ulluvr, E»q. 1. Wtfprfa rtWii IWmwjlvr. 5. II*. ; ami C«v«h,
Clink, W. II., Kmj. 0, Ltif . Ui<L-y<»ht \\.
Clarke, Capft. A., n.K. Army and .Miry Club, $. )f.
•Clukr, tor. VT. B., h.a. Si. Uurwirt, Sydnty, Ncu Itoulti \Wiku iteu
''■irdtn, ConMlt.
CUrfe, ItPT. W. QflOtoi «.*. frfafy CW/ft/*, <3mi6rfe&7r.
I'luuli*. Kngftar-, K*i< V% /Vir^-mtii, IMkntay, N.
'(SlTVfcl . l:.irt„ M.A. (MM r/i;.-,-,...7y r,'..,,
AxuxU-purk, neur Qtttt&tml . md tirtntervft, />«»/w/i,
CUy, Sir Wol, Uirt, 0 1 . lUMpi**, & *r.
Clayton, C*|.t. JulU W.. Iiiic I Jlli Uumoii. M, Vorltivm-Pjuuve. >V.
000 Claylo©, Sir W. K. "■-,/ »£lMlfc
*flaJttOt Mu^li, Kwq., H.i>., Cuiuci'vator of Foiisti. Madria.
Art* ic*t. ii. <;, 0hM Phlwtfty CM, ■'■'. R
. Opt. CUudt. JWft vy /'riion ( Q«*m'« jffmc* > Semite ark, 3.
I'lorm.tnt, I'lvirruu, 1-otiI. /:,urn\iL:U.p<trAt Mfvry, Ireland.
*ChnM, IU Qr»« UiD Duke of. Cfeixfcwt-Aowv, 17, SLJ<mm\
■. n .
Clifford. £tr CWIm. ^<m^a(/, A^ott.
i liilarti, CUrlei Covoodbb, &u\. ffouta of Urda, S. W.
CU .'"i, 1..1.1 tttfirarlf M.P., n '»/ Amj CM| . W*
Cllppeif*. Ilobfrt ChwK K*l-. H.U.M. Coniul, K«rwh. On 0/ T. ri
fitfiotbry, fjy., Fvrrif/n 1 1
4«d CHvc, lie. A -clu-r. nVii'c/ic;.;, £&r0rd
<|..*r«i. E.. C«q. iWiBlhlry-*-/!*!'/. Flmt-itrtel, | I
Cloww, Gcorjc, K»q. fflaWw/-*.-nw, fi-If. ; l/uke-tlrtct, $i-un/vrd-4tr*st,
BkxAffi*r»,S.j tiwttfufbitw,$HrTt$.
Clow^ Hot. 0««rg», n.«. *"uWi'ft«, Sumy,
down*. WillUm, K*i, 51 , <fCouc«5t«r-(rr„ Hyde-park, W. , .imc/
am* William Charles Kmght, K*4., ¥.u Vukt-itrnt, Stam/wt
fifrUt0t S.f and Sarliton, Bmr^f.
Cobbold, John Chrtmller, Ewj., M.r. AthrnatafiClub, R. VT.; «*/ //mvkA,
Royal Geographical Society. xxix
Etaofaa.
1859
1862
1862
1859
1865
1841
1857
1861
1862
1865
1867
1841
1834
1854
1848
1835
1867
1858
1866
1855
1866
1864
1862
1866
1861
1865
1861
1864
1864
1861
1859
1863
1856
1866
I860
1829
Cochrane, Capt the Hon. A., B.S., C.B. Junior United Service Club, S.W.
Cockerton, Richard, Esq. 12, Petersham-terrace, South Kensington, W.
* Cockle, George, Esq. 77, Onslowsguare, S. W.
430 Cocks, Colonel C. Lygon, Coldstream Guards. Treverbyn- Vean, near Liskcard.
Cocks, Major Octarina Yorke. 180, Piccadilly, W.
•Cocks, Reginald Thistlethwnyte, Esq. 43, Charing-cross, S. W. ; and
22, Hertford-street, May-fair, W.
Coghlan, Edward, Esq. Training-institution, Qratfs-inn-road, W.C,
Coghlan, J., Esq., Engr.-in-Chief to the Government. Buenos Ayres. Care of
Meters, J. Fair and Co., 4, *East India-avenue, Leadenhall-street, E.C.
Coghlan, Major Gen. Sir William M., k.c.b., k.a. Bumsgate, Kent.
Colchester, Reginald Charles Edward, Lord. All Souls' College, Oxford.
Colebrook, John, Esq. 194, Sloane-street, Chelsea, S.W.
•Colebrooke, Sir Thomas Edward, Bart., a. p., f.b.a.u. 37, South-tt., Park-
lane,W.
Colebrooke, Lt-General Sir Wm., K.A., H.Q., C.B., K.H., f.b.a.s. Hatchet,
near Windsor ; and United Service Club, S. W.
430 Coleman, Ererard Home, Esq., f.h.a.3. Registry and Record Office, Adelaide-
place, London-bridge, E.C.
Coles, Charles, Jan., Esq. 86, Great Tower-street, E.C.
•CoUett, William Rickford, Esq.
Collier, C. T., Esq. (Barrister of the Middle Temple). Cedar-villa, Sutton,
Surrey ; and Oriental Club, W.
Collinson, Henry, Esq. 7, Cedars-road, Chpnarn-common, 8.
Collinson, John, Esq., c.e. 9, Clarendonyardens, Maida-ftill, W.
Collinson, Rear-Admiral Richard, c.b. Haven-kdge, Ealing, W. ; and United
Service Club, S. W.
CoUison, Francis, Esq. Hern-hill, Surrey, S.
Colnsghi, Dominic E., Esq. Care of F. B. Alston, Esq., Foreign-office, S. W.
Colqohoon, Sir Patrick, m.a.
440 Colquhonn, Sir Robert G., k.cb. 6, Ulster-terrace, Regent' s-park, N.W.;
and 14, Arlington-street, W.
•CoWille, Charles John, Lord. 42, Eaton-place, S. W.
Colvin, Binney J., Esq. 26, Oxford-square, Hyde-park, W.
Combe, Thomas, Esq., H.A. University Press, Oxford.
Coromerell, Commr. J. E., B.N., t.c. Akerbank, near Gosport.
Conder, John, Eaq. Haltbroohe-house, New Wandsworth, N. W.
Constable, Capt. Cbas. Goldiug, i.n. 68, Hamilton-ter., St. John's-wood, X.W.
Cooke, Lt.-Colonel A. C, B.E. Topographical Department, 4, New-street,
Spring-gardens, S. W.
•Cooke, E. W., Esq., A.R.A., P.B.8., F.L.S., y.qjb. The Ferns, Kensington, W.
Cooke, John George, Esq. 47, Mount-street, Berkeley-square, ir.
450 Cooke, Rev. J. Hunt. Gladstone, Southsea, Hants.
Cooke, Nathaniel, Esq. 5, Ladbrookc-tcrrace, Hotting-hillf W.
Cooke, Robt F., Esq. 50, Albemarle-strett, W.
XXX
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1830
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1990
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Cooks, rVfllMra H»nry, K*]., Brtrrteor-oM-nw. *. Ktm^Atrt, Ttmplf, F.C.
Coley, WUikm Ddborougls Liq. 130. i,W«.-coJ, .V. ii .
Cooper. Sir Daniel. 20. rrince'+gatt, S. W.
Coopor, I.C-Col. Edward, GrenrfwrGiwrdi. 5, tfryawfon »juor*, ir.
Cooper, I.t.-tVI. JodlOl H*f Tth Fuillei*. PWWm, Jfrlftyar.
Coot*, CUpIw Chiaic; , E»q. O^Jhan ' if<j**t-Cv»te, Kmvitt,
Irchn.l.
*Coot«, OftpUfe Kolwrt. U.K. £ki&9, Jtittm. Sbutt/nnpfon.
460 Co(«, Walter, late Li.M.'«Chaigo d'AJTairoi ml Uia Equudor, 14, T"'.* 7<rr##f,
I >«rtiUt R,
Coploy, Sir JoierJ. Wiilinm, Bdrt. iy>/oifcoron//j, Itanoo*!*.
Cork and Orrery, Karl of. I, Gnftonttrttl. W,
ComU>w*iU, Rev. T., m.a. For***, Wi/rtanurfw.
Cornnrll, Jainns, Eaq,, m» i>iu ZeugTAourouyA-jmrA-fitf-f, ftrdt-M, S.
■Comma*, Kr#dori<ile, Eq. P,*Uam>hnll, Wichham JMft, £*/o/*.
Ctwlrituu, .lulm C., K*<|. Cirif<«.
•Cwwoy. WillUui Hnllidny, Etty Oj/orrf «uf CawMp* CM A'. H'.
Ctmruuar, U W., E«q, flrttiiA /W-t^btf, CuMtantinoptt. Care of A*.
Wood, AUf., 139. FtMt*tr**t.
0HKB, I .|( M, 0*n%A-rtrw*,
4;,-) <'nw.ir.l, Willnm, S*q '>. rMMBpft /iHiVT ..\.-., l ,.,.,/. .-.-.
•Conell, ttajor Sd J. C, K.c.t'.. «,r. /UKkma\*mwil-i«, S. W,
Cnwlxr. Normiin, R§B| 4, AfMttajiuptiH}*, Mnmtngu^j^urt , \\
JP.C.
Cos, Kdwzrl William, F«j., BarrwUr-flt-Uw, RkdfoW of Filavath. 1, i-Wx-
00**, TWojfc, aV.ftj <mJ JfviU-m-unt, Mft
Cojah, Jolin S., O). tonMtw, .ST. //«(m'a*j>&»y. I ' • '
Crane, LwuaM, E#q., M.D. 7, Alhanartc itr*rt, W.
<:i.ui(»inl, Captain K. J 1 I ' CWl 0/ Ifarf. UW',*sV onrf Co., 44,
t yftrinrf •err^A, ii, W.
Chiufuiil, U lit fl«wr J Jam K*»1m'iU>u. aiuundicx Guanl*. 7>ycc/icri*rri^,
' H . . <nul 30, Vtibot*$anSfM, IV.
Crawford, ftobort Wipwn, Ba^„ w.p. 71, 0U */^irf-^«*(, ^.C.
4S0 Cmwftird, Joho, Kaq., r.K^. ^rA<7»fitfon C/«A, AW.; umi *, A7T»u/on-jJaw,
Cmw/urd. O. J., l^q. -irttfmewn (M, ^. IV.
Ciwwril, Kot. S- V., v.i. 2'Ai< Onfffinwp .SVA-./. D -'/ ■■■■'. '• I M £■&
•Crcrkc, Ctpt. K :.!f, CTc<rriufif , Z,t*cotkirt.
Ctckmr, T. K. Iiillon, iljq. 19, Pfilham-plaot. Uromptm, .v. W.
CroU, A. A., E*j,, ck. AmMaxvJ, Soithuo&t !• ■■■ , 1 - , A
•CraUey, J. Kodoey, K*|. Hi, ffi't;/ WW^ivr-lfrfrf, K0L| CBlrf /hFfrf«W«rt
il.jh Bnck, Fm*M.
Crow, tti« ibrr. Hioaiiu. i',ul^ HJUUt fiM
CroBuau, Joxdm Hi«cuttT Euf. Roth-fwk, i'ty^U, £ner.
Royal Geographical Society. xxxi
,—i
•Crowder, The* Mosley, Esq., m.a. Viornton-hall, Bedale, Yorkshire.
490 Crowdy, James, Esq. 17, Serjeant" s-inn, E.G.
Cull, Richard, Esq., rj.a, 13, Tamstock-strect, Bedford-square, W.C.
Camming, William Fullarton, Esq., m.d. Athenaum Club, S.W.; and
Athol-cresccnt, Edinburgh.
•Canard, Sir Edward, Bart. Cart of Messrs. D. and C. Macltxr, Liverpool.
Cunliffe, Roger, Esq. 24, Lombard-street, E. C. ; and 10, Queen's-gate,
South Kensington, W.
Cunningham , H. Esq.
Cunningham, John Win . , Esq., Sec King's College. Somerset-house, W. C. ; and
Harrow, N.W.
•Cunynghame, Major-Gen. A. T., c.n. Commanding Dublin Division, Soya.
Barrack*, Dublin.
Cure, Capel, Esq. 51, Orotvenor-strtet, W.
•Corae^ee, Manockjee, Esq., s\b,b.h.*. Villa-Byculla, Bombay,
5oo*Curtis, Timothy, Esq.
Canon, Hon. R. 24, Arlington-street, W. ; and Parham-park, Bteyning, Sussex,
1863
1852
1850
1857
1847
1860
1864
1853
1862
1865
1843
1839
1865
1864
1863
1865
1863
1867
1857
1859
1866
1862
1838
1860
1863
1865
1866
1858
1866
1861
1846
1840
1865
1866
1859
Dallas, A. G., Esq. 36, Beaufort-gardens, W.
•Dalgety, Fred. G^ Esq. 8, Hyde-park-terraoe, W.
D'AlmeWa, W. B., Esq. 19, Green-park, Bath.
Dalrymple, Donald, Esq. Norwich.
Dalrjmple, Geo. Elphinstone, Esq. Logic, Elphinstone, Aberdeenshire.
Dalton, D. Foster Grant, Esq. Shanks-house, near Wtncanton, Somerset.
Dalyell, Sir Robt Alex. Osborn, Bart. H.M.'s Consul at Jassy ; and 120,
Belgrave-road, S.W.
Darner, Lt-Col. Lionel S. Dawson. 2, Chapel-street, Orostenorsquare, W.
510 Darvall, John Bayly, Esq.
•Darwin, Charles, Esq.,al.A.»>3-S. 6, Queen Anns-street, Cavendish-square, W.
Dasent, John Bury, Esq. 22, Warwick-road, Maida-hill, W.
Darirt, R. II, Esq.
•Davis, Alfred, Esq. Norfolk-hotel, Norfolk-square, Hyde-park, W.
Davis, Edmund F., Esq. 6, Cork-street, Bond-street, W.
Davis, Dr. Francis William, Surgeon B.ri. H.M.S. • Alert f and ElmJodge,
St. Anns-hill, Wandsworth, S.W.
Davis, Frederick £., Esq. 20, Blandford-square, N. W.
Davis, StAff-Coiomander John Edward, S.N. Hydrographio-office, Admiralty, S. W.
Davis, Sir John Francis, Bart, K.C.B., rju., F.R.8.N.A. Athenaum Club, S. W. ;
and Hollywood, near Bristol.
530*Dawnay, the Hon. Payan. Beningborough-hall, Newton-upon-Ouse, Yorkshire.
Denary, Rev. Thomas, M.A. 35, Mount-street, W.
Debenham, William, Esq. 3, Porchester-square, Hyde-park, W.
De Blaquiere, John, Lord. 9, Stratford-place, W.
X X 1 1 1
18tt
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1868
1861
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1852
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List of Ftllov* of th*
D. faqjbo, T. J., R*q. C, Cfc*n'<tf*c°*» &1V.
DsGrapfelir, I. nut t*,R.N,
D#G«t, William 1 * -.«..»-, B*q, a.",, Tkropnortonitrttt, fi.C,
IV flrtj n nv Fml.Tirl: MmuM, l'nr! I, r.uJtan^artln^ &.W.;
*mdSI*SL\>r J' ;,-', *'.".
L*Lukl,A., bq.
Dttlum, A'l'n.^M H'lMV M,.H-l ■*, !1.X.,K.O.tL 'Jl . ' '"'A' •(...-'. "'
JJO D*Qi»u, .UfinJ, Eiq. 0, Albtirwrfaitrcrt, IV.
•Dcnlwn, Sf Wlllinio ThonM, K.O.B., l.ltut. Col. H.C., r.n.1. 0tar*tory,
■■
[Mimum, Ufnr-A.Jmiml ih* Hon. Jiwjih. CbMMMl*4»*M0i rue^c; dntf
17, / , .V. W.
•I'whr, K'lwoi-I Qcuftrs, bd -.-f, i.e.. r.ui. ^flfc/awfr'igWifr&ff.J
and jKVmwfey^HJr*. /'iricoM. l,<mouhtrf.
T> 5*1-, M n<>«i>!ii». •;.». 1 2% JWl-niall, ft IV.
,-iii, UtandVg Kiii. Zt Avaiw+ou/I, ftcgmPt-p'irki N.W.
•Dpcoh l.u«, mum frwdtt, Dukonf, I.L.D., h.c.t., M,i„ l*.tt.m. X>«i»u4^r-
A-jroc, Picohitftij, TV, ; «»ci //U'lArictf-W/, IVrtyaJtirt.
Ihiw. dpi. Kaisndc, an., t.* ^.->»i 'V»('i, .v.iKj <wi/ St.
Jmmh$9mtB&W>
Wck, A. II. ftq„ *.A„ /WaiuMo***, /W frfeX, now Qfoty>v.
DUk, Ofcpt <"hirl« Cnunond. Extt*rt 2)#wn.
. 'V. PHtTlTHlgi foil *.r. 20, Cur*OTwfrw/, A%/uu. IV.
Diak, Ratal Korr, E*q., Bongnl Civil S*nrio», Qrimtal tti<o, IV.
\*U'\, Will jiiii OrWBMi K»q. 29, Xeiiwft'r-r/ikirff, IV.
•I'i'c*tt«on, S*lxatiin St«wnrt. K»<j., lUrri*Ui-4t-I.»w. ifrff/wVAi'W, Stroud*
•MdDMi Irni.U Henry, K*o.., r.*.A. H, | ftftfMfj IV. ;
A"ioj;i«i/[m^or4, Svnuntt,
Didtliwon, John, K»|„ r,R,l„ r.*.A. 30, ty;xr Brook+trttt, IV.,- axd
DJoVln«on, ,J»hn, »:»^., jtin, <7a*m0*-0A<im*ffVt 12, A/aynvirAVf, £'. IV. ; «wi
Abbott'r^HL I!
It m« can, A. Ilrnann, bq, <. \>/--*/i/jr/, I.uirntn t-mn, \\ '
Dlckxn, CharlM Iliuimor, Etq. //.;;..!/. Q— [Mha l..ii% Mack S<*. Qxr*
Of J. Hurray, £*/., }'uioi<jirvfJkc, 5. IV.
Mebtti, I.i«ul.-Ctil. Lolliian Sh*0i*R 10, A/.irtAop*-tofr»»e#, fJytttfor R
SSO UlcU, Iknunl, C*|., of Alcoa Btyl 3. lM~iet-*qwr, IV.
I, I -[. .VAtfroonv-CEUf^, iJoriet.
i' < ' <«1. Julio Aliiifnu. C/u/'ft^/ion-A"'"*, C»^'.«^»cA, /*orc-Wi/cr.
•Diko, Mr Cbftritf \V'»ntffOith, lUri.. u.r. ffff. iBw^l ifl llf, ff
•I>ilU, Gfatftai VTwtWfflk, l*q. 70, «feun^l<rft«, 6'. IV.
Dillon, tho Hon. Arthur. 17, rfor$m-4tr*flt H'.
l>lm«lalir, J. C« Eiq. 50, ' . ; and 32, CHrwfa^-n"". S. IT.
Dur, ThprreM, E^. 10, Amt*ll-itr*Ht W.Q
Royal Geographical Society, xxxiii
faaraf
1861
1851
1857
1854
1854
1867
1858
1864
1850
1853
1845
1864
1865
1846
1846
1857
1851
1851
1859
1860
1857
1866
1867
1864
1863
1861
1840
1860
1859
1860
1837
1856
1852
1865
1867.
1854
Dixon, Lieut-Colonel John. 10, Seymour-street, Portman-square,
Dixon, W. Hepworth, Esq., FAl. 6, St. James' s-terrace. Regent* s-park, N. TV.
560 Dobie, Robert, Esq., m.d., B.H. 7, Boughton-placs, Ampthitl-square, Nampstead-
road, N. TV.
Dodson, John George, Esq., H.P. 6, Ssamore-ptaee, Mayfair, TV.
Danville, William T., Esq., M.D., hjt. Army and Navy Club, 8. W.
Donaid, JaniM, Esq. 20, Melville-terrace, Edinburgh.
Donne, John, Esq. Instow, North Devon.
Donn, Dr. John, tj.a. Royal-crescent, Notting-hUl, TV.
Dotct, John William, Esq. 132, Stanley- street, Belgravia, S, IV.
Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings C, Bart. Custom-house, E.C.
•Drach, Solomon Mom-, Esq. f.raj. 39, Bowlandstreet, Fitzroy-squarc, W.
Drew, Major H. 14, St. James's- square, 3.W.
5 70 tVnmmond, E. A, Esq. 2f Bryanston-square, TV.
Drummoud, Lieut -General John. The Payee, Dymook, Gloucestershire.
Dniry, Capt. Byron, BJf. The United Service Club, 8.W.
Dublin, His Grace the Archbishop of. Dublin.
*Du Gue, Major Frauds, b_e. 64, Lowndes-*q\iaret 8.W.
•Dude, Henry John, Earl, F.B J. 30, Prince' 's-gate, 8. TV.
Duckworth, Henry, Esq. 2, Gambier-terrace, Liverpool.
"Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, Esq., w.p. 4, Queen' s-gate-gardens.
South Kensington, W.
•Dufferin, Right Hon. Lord, K.P4 K.C.B. Dufferin-lodge, Fitxroy-park, Bighgate, N.
•Dugdale, Captain Henry Charles G. Mercvale-hail, Athcrstone, Warwick.
58o*Dugdal«, John, Esq. 1, Byde-park-gardens ; and Llwyn, Llanfyllin, Oswestry.
Duke, Sir James, Bart. Laughton-lodge, Sussex.
Duncan, Capt. Francis, r.a„ at.*., f.r.s. The Citadel, Plymouth.
•Duncan, George, Esq. 45, Gordon-square, W.C.
•Dundas, Right Hon. Sir David, Q.C., at.P. 13, Kmg's-Bench-walk, Temple,
E.C. ; and OcAtertyre, Stirling.
Dunell, Henry James, Esq. 12, Byde-park-square, TV.
•Dunlop, R. H. Wallace, Esq., C.B., Indian Ciril Service. Messrs. Qrindlay and
Co., Parliament-street.
•Dnnmore, Charles Adolphus Murray, Earl of. 24, Carlton-house-terrace, S. W.
'Dunraren, Edwin Richard, Earl of, f.u.s. Adare-manor, Limerick ; and
Dunravcn~castle, Glamorganshire.
Doprat, Cheralier Alfredo. ff.M.F. Arbitrator, Cape Town, Cape of Good Bops.
$90 D'Urhan, M.-Gen. W. J. Deputy Quartermaster-General, Canada; U. S.Club,
S. W. ; and Newport, near Exeter.
Dntton, F. S, Esq. Reform Club, 8. TV. ; and Adelaide, Australia.
Eadie, Robert, Esq. Blaydon-on-Tyne, Durham.
Eardley-Wilmot, Capt. A. P., R.K., o.B. B.M.8. l Nile,1 Queenstown ; Deptford
Dockyard, E.
VOL. XXX VII.
XXXIV
Li* of Fellotcs of tfie
Hi Mm
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law
1«7
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1857
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ifttio
1663
Cvtlry-Wilmot. Col. P., *.«.*. SA«**ry AW, /'**«.
t*r4l*r.wiln>ott ."Sir John B. J, /.'ftxurfen-pfaar, Qwxn'i-}\t<. W.
■Mb, W.IIUm, E*j(| r.u*., 5, B«U-^ffi«, XU /WA, GU+wMr.
BmMME, CapUla W. J. 12. Ukuter-Urrac*, ffyfopark, \Y.
Eaton, P. A., fcf, .V« tfmwrmVy 01**, St. /cnwVitfrwtf, ft IT.
•EftUm, H., Bq. 10. JVwcaV-jpfc, Ryde-jHirk, W.
6©*»Efltoo, H*«ny WiUkm, £«q„ H.r. 10, Pnnc*'**jaU, ffydcf<u-k, W.
•Eulmi, William Mcriton, Esq., 10, Prinoi'i/aU, JfycfrfwA, W-
EMwttll, - N V,' i B»i *.l>. IT, X*iui*j*M>pork-t*m*»,
Xottwf-hili, W.
Kfaor, GMind K. 33. #. 7".mu*'**7I*jtv, : R
Ebury, Lard, 1<)7, /WfafrM^ Grwrewr-AytMr^ JR ,- and JUow-f*"/, J
■fat Itoar-Arini. OfelM, i?.n. UU, Witto»fittux. .*. W.
Edge. BftT, W. J., M.a. i'offcniJew-nVafa/tf, »«r SfapMivnt, JCtnt,
Kdjpworth. It P., K»| , 8*50.0*. Jrarfr«*A>uf>, jlMntyk A
•Edwwilw, ThatiM* iJypr, K«q. A, Wjd«*park$at9, A'dwfo/lon. W.
6lO EdwarJi. G. T.f E*q., *I.a. I".0, GlM»tUr-U*>\i,*t W,
•fjlwarb, Hwirj", K*q, W, fSerA/itrr/«si]ibh •■ . ff
Wwai'Ii, Major Jmimm B., r.il. Junior t'*Wrti Strict C'
BjnrtODj I "v.nrtnr.l.-- Chu, I,.; i:.«».l-il, ir \. 7. U«tt.>H.f-j.>if, .'-'. M.
ttfwtoQ, Ctptaiii the Hod. FrauaU. n.M. ZWtyeuiiiofVii/uw. A". VV.;
flJf-S. ' A. (toryr.*
•EUor, Uoorgo, E*j. Knoctrtuttle, AyrtMr*.
Efoy. ciiiuio Joini. H«i. /Mai»r -A**™. c/iA. & ir. ; m%& 0W Brmptcn* ft R
Klia*. Ncy, Jua., Kkj. 01, fnvcrncaa-tcmxc*, 8aym#ttfr9 W*
BJtfbOCOafbi EdfTUtf, p, ,5iutAnm-AiM«. n#ir ©4r .".
■ .0, John L., K#q. C, Ccn»»k?!a-i>tic*, JTyiU-parA, W.
£20 UlUut, Gcorgt, l^l„ C.C r/« //all, KmqhUtJt-k-Sprin/j, Nrar /Vtim J7g
•Elliot, C*pU L. R. tm Xi>itttT*y+9*r*$tinit Scma hfitkw*
•Kiiioti, Rffr.ChnlM BaIImv, ■ a., r u ftlMwMMy n^WL
1.11.-, A i;. H.. lUq. II>»]U!d«iGtoryi QhwxMirt 0nmtt>4 CM. W. ,
liyc»Uu dial. Baa
' "ittwi*. Major Howori 0., IU«. Sitokiryham^aiac*, S. W,
... Al Ailliur U.. lkil. JlAffwfum CT«A, &fT.; ant/ afrwtoi-aw(,
AmvMMi
>&■» I, I' ■- , t»-i. 8, C'/aroiw-terrcicr, /?<v*-'»(,»iDari, 4V.W.
BmilW John, K»i. 47, f7ruyVinwoj(4 FT.C
Eadcrtir, QhtIv, Sty KULi r.ui. 13, Or«i st. irUn"'.
I»li«irt, (tote 1)., L*q. L i;'«i<w-//a«.wtfM, J. U'.
Royal Geographical Society. xxxv
T«rf
1852
1857
2850
1865
1857
1830
1857
1830
1867
1861
1851
1830
1865
1859
1856
1857
1861
1856
1861
1856
1866
1838
1857
1855
1863
1864
1863
1853
1858
1866
1864
1863
1840
1860
1865
1830
Erskine, Vice-Admiral John Elphinstone, at.p., c.B. If. M.S. * Edgar;
1 L, Albany, W., and Cardross, Stirling, N. B.
»E«m«de, 0. M. M., Esq. 29, Park-street, Qrosvenorsquare, W.
Espinasse, Major J. W„ 12th Regt. Afossre. Richardson, and Co., Comhill.
Etui, Colonel William Edwyn. 24, Great Cumberland-place, Hgde-parh, W.
Erans, P. J., Esq., Staff Commander, u.n., f.ics., p.it.A.3. 4, Wellington-
terrace, Charlton, Blackhsvth, S.E.
'Brans, Vice-Admiral George. 1, New-street, Spring-gardens, S.W.j and
Englefield-green, Chertsey.
Eraus, Thoi. Wm, Esq., m.p. 1, Dartmouth-street, Westminster, S. W. ; and
Atiestree-waU, Derby.
•Evans, W. Esq.
640 Evana, W. Herbert, Esq. St. James's Club, Grafton-etreet, W.
Eyelyn, Lieut.-Colonel George P. 4, Onslow-cresoent, Brompton, 8.W.
♦Evelyn, William J., Esq., rAA. Evelyn Estate Office, Evelyn-street, Deptford.
•Everett, Jamet, Esq., f.s.a.
Everitt, George A„ Eaq. Oakfield, Moeeley, near Birmingham,
Ewart, William, Esq., M.P. 6, Cambridge-square, W.
Earing, J. D. Cram, Esq. 21, Bir chin-lane, E.G.
Eyre, Edward J., Eaq.
Eyre, George E^ Eaq. 59, Loumdes-equare, Brampton, 8. W.
Eyre, M.-Geo. Sir Vincent, C.B. Athenanm Club, 8. W. ; and 33, lam-he*
square, 8. W.
650 Fairbalrn, William, Esq., C.E., F.R.B. Manchester.
Fairholme, George Knight, Esq. UhionCtub,S. W.; andRaoenstcood, Melro$e,N.B.
Fairman, Edward St. John, Eaq., y.o.a., Ac 874, Via Santa Maria, Pisa.
Care of H. Fairman, Esq., 20, Rochester-terrace, Camden-toum, N. W.
Falconer, Thomas, Eaq. Uik, Monmouthshire.
Falkland, Lucius Bentinck, Visconnt. Skutterskelfe, Yorkshire.
•Fanshawe, Admiral E. G. 63, Eaton-square, S. W.
•Parrer, W. Jaa., Eaq. 24, BoHon-street, Piccadilly, W.
Faulkner, Charles, Esq., FJ.a., f.qa Deddington, Oxon,
•Fauntfiorpe, Rev, J. P., B.a. Training-college, Battersea,
•Foyrer, Joseph, Esq., m.d. Calcutta. Care of General Spcns, 14, Drum'
mond-place, Edinburgh.
660 Fazakerley, J. N„ Eaq. 17, Montagu-street, Portman-square, W.
Felkin, Wm., Esq., Jun., F.Z.8. Beeston, near Nottingham.
Ferguseon, J., Eaq. 6, Gloucester-square, Hyde-park.
Fergusaon, Alex., Esq. Champion-hill, Cambervell, 8.
•Fergusson, James, Esq., F.R.A.8. 20, Langham-place, W.
Ferro, Don Ramon de Silva.
Field, Hamilton, Esq. Thornton-road, Clapham-park.
Findlay, Alexander, Eaq. Hayes, Kent, 8.E.
Cm
XXXY1
List of Fttfows cfthe
t~*^
18M
1859
18«:»
1867
1661
1864
18.VJ
ik..v
mi
18KS
1803
1861
li '.
IU0
1807
ISflG
18U1
imi;:;
1601
I860
1803
ik.;t
tm
1M4.%
1H;;:»
1801
1801
1881
Fh-liiir. Mtx. Ooore*, Km). 53, J7«l-*f'cr., J.'.C; itnd AgMh £«*■, 8.E.
TLc,n\.-* H\mtM, \C*\., KMrnnm. lt.iu/**f, Aiw, \ |
670 I 'Y l„ B*q., w.D. 14, !V*-pk«r, ff^r-i^rf, i'i>/frftun-»tfit**, R
I',.!,.!, Ilulwt, Rm|.
•I- itn-Uwnn*, Coramiiuler lh» Hon. (l»orj», R.W.
FiUtfnnM, J. P. V., Eiq. 11, CKtxtcr-*tiwi>i, 8.W,
I lUgWiM, Qiptaln K«ac. 9, PmtktmSflam, IV.
FiU-lY-iiik, Lieut. I'imiui BImHdb, 42ud R«xH. Mwli '
•Fili-i:«,y, (Iwrgii H«nry, E*j. I*wtniWr*-Aou*#, lioekompton; and OfiH
MM CWobw, Shanghai.
Fiuwilluuii, lir BOO. C W., m.p. £rcx>*»fl CM>. «. J^mti's^trfct, S. W.
•Fttawillinm, Wjll.arn Thornm, Karl. 4, (JAWivnor-cfuaw, 1T.J (Dlrf H^f'ronl
fou>r, IiotJ*rharn, Tarla/tirt.
■1. S. K*q. 2*, Of*vton-*y«rir«, Rromybm, S.W.
I ' III '.. <>.| t><v BrompUm l/wr<>tMt Cbilfcm,
*l 'l.nn.m'. )nhn, fef, 18, frutonftafl'Strttt, E.C,
. r, T. S, #o#eotf-/)A*v, CA<i/»Wit>«n-rr>irf, /.tr&
•Flmnym;, lirv. l"i nucii P. trtcnfctdm, notr Ifrlr*»Uurgh, GtntgfM,
Flutter. Julni Charles, E*q. ItjJe-park, ArwM; mmj £*to<i-ptoC4i o\
Flctdttr, Thonu* Kidilvj, R*q. tfuwwtocA, Lmthnur. t:.
tlfctti, Ma Uwin, K*q. 136, J%W«rt, I'opbr, ft
:. Cftpi I™ 19, 0n?ul CoR»y*+tr*ttt S.W. ; fJ.midmrl, Surrey;
Cwtrnt (M* 4MM CM, ■
1 1. . ■ ! ■ Boo. St. C#oi'gt, c.n,
(,y» PfloH, John IVomtay, r*j. VJ, QU Broad+trtfi ', JT.C.
Foibr.% C'uiiiiuauilri C'linrli* S„ n,.t. Urmy 11W ,V<*vy &ab, $. \¥, ; mi 1 1
HMMtiMftii AwlfiyAani^ATc, J. W.
1 . < I f I 1. K.SmiUi. ffrf, /'«Ww.
■'wird, Esq. *Vw Cfcft, Etfintortif, ; vf (Imtim Di&riUt
n ; R<imuiri>yl, Unt/ ,rt nf h'frmrty, Citrptmtaru\ Qu**%tl>w1.
of J. It. Mmboro*0fi •'ml Co., S4, Moorpil^trtct, K.C.
Ftri 1 I li-i IM Cuui truMj'. K^. Oriti Oilh/c, O./vnL
fttnM ..r|Mr b.i». StirtfS-tctory, Kits.
• , , , , RTlUba KilwanJ, Ceq., M.r. /fur/cy, now '
Forxrth, T IJon^lai, K*i ., r 1; f!'. t'^t AmMMHWi MAmA
' I vf MrmrK Smith, Ktdc, Jn</ Co., 65, CcttiA.'^ JC.C.
For*; Ui, WUlUm, fc*-i-, *.i\. y.«:. 01, A . .S-.W.
v KiclmfJ, E.q,, M.?, RmdAatt, JV.W/i-y. lanoathirtj and 31,
700 Fnrt»:ur, l Til riveter .\. B*i., ».r. 7, Gir/toii-^«Ktou, 8 11 .
•Fori- . M, B«a ^odlfly F„ ».r, 0, ffi'tfad-stterU ir.
F«1*t, II. J., F-»q.
Royal Geographical Society. xxxvii
1864
1863
1850
1861
1859
1830
1866
1864
1865
1881
1865
1860
1854
1867
1862
1860
1866
1860
1864
1863
1856
1864
1850
1839
1867
1843
1853
1859
1863
1865
1860
1861
1866
1863
Foster, Capt W. J. Stubingdon-Aoa$e, Fareham, Hants.
•Fowler, J. T., Esq. Government Inspector of Schools, Adyar, Madras, India.
CareofBev.A. Wilson, National Society $ Office, Sanctuary, Westminster.
•Fowler, Robert N., Esq., m\a. 50, Comhill, E.C.; and Tottenham, N.
Fox, Arthur Douglas, Esq., c.E. 135, Marine Parade, Brighton ; and 8,
New-street, Spring-gardens, S. W.
Fox, Lieut-Colonel A. Lane. 10, Upper PhiHimore-gardens, Kensington, W.
•Fox, Lieut-General C. R. Travellers' Club, 8. W. ; and 1, Addison-road,
Kensington, W.
jio Fox, D. M., Esq., Chief Engineer of the Santos and St. Paulo Railway. St.
Paulo, Brazil.
•Fox, F. E. Esq., b.a. Elmslea, Tottenham, Middlesex.
Fox, Samuel Crane, Esq. Woodford-house, Oranville-park, Blackheath, S.E. •
Franklin, Joseph Lewis, Esq. 148, New Bond-street, W.
•Franks, Aug. W„ &q. 55, Upper Seymour-street, W.
Franks, Charles W., Esq.
Fraser, Charles, Esq. 15, Lancaster-gate, Bayswater-road, W.
Praser, Edward John, Esq. (Solicitor). 1, Percy-villas, Campden-hHI, Ken-
sington, W.
Fraser, Com. H. A., m.
Fraser, Thos., Esq.
720 Fraser, Capt T. Otago, New Zealand.
Freeman, Daniel Alex., Esq., Barrister-at-law. Phwden-buildings, Temple, E.C.
Fremantle, Lieut. -Col. Arthur. Guards' Club, 8.W.
Fremantle, Captain Edmund Robert, b.n. 4, Upper Eccleston-street, S. W.
Fremantle, Kt. Hon. Sir Thomas F., Bart 4, Upper Eccleston-street,
Belgrave-eqitare, S. W.
Freme, Major James H. WrentnaU-hotae, Shropshire; and Army and Navy
Ch*,S.W.
Frere, Bartle John Laurie, Esq. 45, Bedford-square, W.C.
•Frere, George, Jun., Esq. Cape of Good Hope ; and 45, Bedford-square, W.C.
Frere, Sir Hy. Bartle Edw., K.C.B., o.c. Star of India. 44, Princes-gardens, W.
Frere, William Edw., Esq., f.r.a.s. Bombay; and 42, Clarges-street,W.
750 Frith, John Griffith, Esq. 13, Wimpole-street, W.; and 11, Austin Friars, E.C.
Fryer, William, Esq. 39, Martborough-hilLgardens, St. John's-wood, N. W.
Fuidge, William, Esq. 5, Park-row, Bristol.
Fuller, Thomaa, Esq. 119, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
Fussell, Rer. J. G. Curry. 16, Cadogan-place, S. W.
Fyries Clinton, Rer. Charles J., m.a. 3, Montague-place, Russell-square, W.C;
and Cromwell, Notts.
Fytche, Colonel Albert Reform Club, 8.W.
•Gabrielli, Antoine, Esq. 6( Queen' 's-gate-terrace, Kensington, W.
List qf FeUotex of the
ru.i™
1*58
1M1
1«SS
1*48
ISM
18*4
mi
18<JG
I-....
1S6K
1605
1*59
14)05
I.-..
OaafcrJ, Tbomat, K*j. Tranibra' Cbtb, S. Hr.
Ga]UKlicr.Jcliu,E^M».D. Rtfijnnd^itS.W.; ukI 1(>9, JrotfwicwOmic*, ft'.
J^Gallowaj, John JamM, Kk|.
•GttUou, dpi. DouylM, n.si. 12, Gwlo-jfrcef, 0ruKrnar-j>feoir. B.W,
V. id ton, Fmacif, K*rj., u.j^ F.it.n. 42t £mtfand-gaUt S,W.; u*d 6, Bcrii*-
tfrrvcc, Lc^num/tun,
•'iammell. Uqnr Andrew. JJmin/iortrj/, Am^rrfrtwAi**, A'./-'.
Gortcn, Ilribeit Joow, E«rj. M0» CrffciwC-rocitt, 8&*tf> Ka%9ir*jtvn, J6. W.
1*1*., 0, If,, fcjf, <:ot#-(i>t<ird4$t<H, tyrty^onfeiu,.?.*?.
Gardner, John Item, &q, 112, Par^rtrtct, /VWm ,
Qftieoigiw, Fnctmn, E*q. FtorJuytoa, I'anbAjmr.
•Gnwot, John P., .Iiia., Riq, C, 8mt9-photf J&^wJVjwr*, A/, TT.
'.■. fivll, l.nnt y:rt|, JamM E. (B. Start Cnry*) .Si«v,-i/r»r-f,',7imi/,jr <?fjk*.
7$o*G*tly, Clmtlo II.. K«j., K.A., Fcfori<kjc*purkt £>ut G'wutW. Suae*.
•tiawl.r, ('oluOoIGoorjt.lC.n. United Serviw Club, 8. W.jonU SWW> HOt*
BmUm
Gaorp, H. B,, E»q. 63, Itnaaln'M-mn-frld*. W.C.
Gor»Unb«rg, I'idorc, E*j. 1 1 , Wism/jnJ-co'W, JArt«jpnoHr>ai-*f>«w(, JF.C
•Gilbmu, Stlla John, i'laq.. Alderman. l.i. £fop«r flol/ord-place, Rut*tt-
vjyutre, U I ',
v; 1 1,, OwfK* IlcuJa*!.. 1*4,, 10, rUvrMi^trard ffintMNifv.alW.
•<;iH*. It. HikW, Kcq. fiY. Ihrnstan's, ilcgtnrt-fhirk. A. W.
Gibwn, A., GtQ, ^tAiVeotfA, £ft«'-:- , A'./'.
OftRWg JcmD, fa] . ft* 4% -' I ^4iAw; a*aj *, >V<4<#*
. IT.''.
OiUwyilc, Alcnurfci, £*). Heathfiul. W<:!; h-vn-Thuina, Sin*/,
7'. *0O pi* H Bl ■-», fa} (■/ SMmMO). 4U. JftMMtafti LdMwyk.
OOJwpj, Tliorau, lUq. /TraAant-cvufi; FMtpvt-tatit, J.'.C.
•(iillM.t, WillUm, >jq. 0£, jIAai^* W-
OlllUt, Alfred. K»j. /tfrt^Aaw^oiiw, war JTImtorrw, Doratt.
C.illiots, Rnbort, Kan,., O.K. Dimedin, Ctayo, Ntv Zealand,
Obbonw, F«*l N„ fafc, fajftrflfl I'.lectrlclui. +45, VTrtf .%r.rnJ,
CUMUli, Co!. William. llyoUfn, 0*m—end.
<;i.il\tnDf, <!wnv»i K«J. Th* Tnract, O'lp^'Tn-Ofmmon, 5.
Gladitone, J. H.. K^.. Ph.D. 1?, PrmbruLju-Hjunrf, W,
•flladitoae, Itohart ftluart. Km|. 1 1. A>» flrojJ-jirtvU K.C
770#GIaJjlotio. William, E^. .',7J( 0M flroad-ntnrrl, K.C.
•(ibi>L«i*. W. K.. K»i[. 3H OW Rond-tfirmU W. ; and IHtrOy-jxart.
ftytyittt, ti.
GUxrott,CtfmniAiiJci A Jam OiOuJ, Jl.K., Acting Cviumliaiuucr oo Hit: Turhu-
rtanian FnjuU.r. ifffir?. C»arrf. 3, CtyonTf Inn, tled^tnri, MA
*;\k». It. A.,E*i. 4, Oiajf+bM-vpm! WJC
OleijE, Ecv. G. R„ h.a. Chnphtn-GmraU Ch<tsechtiC*p<Ul, & W.
Royal Geographical Society. xxxix
1858
1862
I860
1830
1862
1663
Glen, Joseph, Esq., Mem. Geogr. Soc, of Bombay. Oriental Club, W.
Glorer, Commr. John H., bjt. Lagos ; and Army and Navy Club, 8. W.
Glover, Robert ReaTeley, Eaq. 80, Great St. Helen's, E.C.
Glyn, Capt. H. Cut, ajr. I, Eccleston-street, Belgrave-square, S.W.
Glra, Sir Richard George, Bart. Army and Navy Club, 8.W.
780 Goddard, Jam*, Jam, Eaq. 14, Mincing-lam, E.C.
Goidsmid, Lt-Colonel Frederick John. Harrou-on-the-hill ; Southborongk,
Kent; and United Service Club, S.W.
Goidsmid, Julian, Eaq. 20, Pcrtman-sqnare, W.
Gooch, Thomas Longridge, Eaq. Team-lodge, 8alt\ceUt Gateskead-on-Tyne.
Goodall, George, Eaq. Messrs. Cox and Co., Craig's-court ; and Junior Carlton
CW, W.
•Goodenoogh, Fred. Addington, Eaq. 4, Zeinster-gardens, W.
•Goodenough, Capt J. G., BJf. U. 8. Club, S.W. Care of Messrs. Stilwott,
22, Armdel-street, Strand, W.C.
•Goodenoogh, Major W., a. a. Royal Artillery, Aldershot.
Gooldin, Joseph, Eaq. 48, Upper Hyde-park-gardens, W.
•Gordon, Colonel the Hon. Alexander H., c.b,
790 Gordon, Harry George, Eaq. 1, Clifton-place, Hyde-parh-gardens, W. ; ami
Killiechatsi, DunJuld, Perthshire.
Gordon, Admiral the Honourable John. 28, Queen Anne-street, W.
Gordon, Vice-Admiral Robert. United Service Club, S.W.
Gore, Richard Thomas, Esq. 6, Queen-square, Bath.
Gosling, Fred. Solly, Esq. 18. New-street, Spring-gardens, S. W.
Goat, Samuel Day, Esq., H.D. 111, Kennington-park-road, 8.
Gould, Lieut-Colonel Francis A. Bunimgford, Herts.
Gould, John, Esq., P.BJ., y.U8. 26, Charlotte-street, Bedford+quare, W.C.
Gowen, Colonel J. E.
Grabham, Michael, Esq., H.D. Madeira. Cars of C. B. Blandy, Esq.,
25, Crvtched Friars, E.C.
800 Graham, Cyril C, Eaq. 9, Cleveland-row, St. James's, S. W. ; and Debroe-hon$e,
Watford, Berts.
Grant, Alexander, Eaq. Oak field-house , Hornsey, N.
Grant, Daniel, Eaq. 11, Warwick-road, Upper Clapton, N.
•Grant, Francis W,, Eaq. Army and Navy Club, S. W.
Grant, Major James A., C.B. E. India U. 8. Club, S.W. ; and Dingwall, Bos-
shire, N.B.
Grant, Lieut. J. M. (late 25th Reg.) East London, Cape of Good Hope.
Grantham, Capt. James, R.E. Scawby, Brigg, Lincolnshire; and Royal
Engineer Office, Devonport.
•Gray, John Edw., Esq., PH. DR., f.b_b., z.8. and L.s. British Museum
W.C.
Greatbed, Lieut-Colonel WUberforce, W. H., CB.
GreaTat, Rer. Richard W. 1, Whitehall-garden*, W.
,1
List of Fcllowt of tfte
\-M-f
190]
1830
1K.V7
i m
185*
1660
im
1817
ism
IMC
1*1,1.
tui
1*W
18*4
L6M
1801
IBM
1893
1KW
X8S7
Bio Umn, Ckjrt. Fniwii. B9, Ec*hrto*-*pw*, & W.
Oreror, TUouiu, £m|. HV,t7(i>.y(vi-Au/J, n«w Jlurton, W<utmcrfl<itui,
•ar^m'.i.i. w. r. , E i -v. I\mH»I» lill—h ffyde-jtarA, W. ; mud
EMtn ..vU'..,
flrrtf, W. K., Km),. Comptroller of H.U.S. Sttttiowry Office. MbU fofhUIR
Cwgnry, CH*H«j Huttoo, IC*q., O.K. 1, AVJa/.ayWr«/, VMmMW) 6'. IV.
!■ pFfi Kmidi Thaniu, En], Queeralmi .
* ' .C°»T' 'm*°» ^""1- Chur<ttm-hillt Vktoria-p&A^ J/tf»wA«t<r.
*i.:v!M, liniry KijlMit, E*|. &w>ijrtf^artlnw. 2iM "MT, £.C.
OrenMl, Henry K„ L*j.,M.r. IB, ft / ...<■ * | ' .
Greiifrll, l'ucoe St. L#gcr, Eiq. Afaestty-fnuu, St&JMea.
310 Gr*uMI,Knr«f«W<W., K*j. 87, £>p*> VUm *t>-«f, t>C.
•Giwwll, KCT. Illchaid. m.i.. VJU. 39, St. tftfw. Or/ant
Grry, CKiuU-i, fc*|. IS.&rifoft-foftM^cVrviOf,
*i. ;, sir t-.mrffp, k.c.h. <7oMr»r taut Com*vntt*r.in~Ch(rf, »Vrw £<*»/'»»'.
Colonial Office.
•Grtf , Ralph Wm„ E*i„ CommiMioacr of Cuatouu. 47, Btl$race*qwrc, S. W. ;
tint/ C/tipc/nu<~&Ht fe, M&cJtwn*
(irt^rwn, Char It*. »:*j.
Qriffl ». An* K*j, The Sfirwfi fori*™,- and Tfm Jf>u»It Porttta, B
1 | D I Own, Etq. SO, ffewe-rtpw*. TP.C.
Griffith. John, tv\. 10, /Yru$ury-j>f<i«*«f«A, JF.C.
QftatkrOl Bkl ri R) r<vlf9ton-*i»a*tt 8.W.
BjO Ortffllli. I -win, F.«i. 20. (7owr-#frwf, (V.C. '
hi* OtpUta a. <;. P., Mid it'. N ] • <•, GtMtar} Cw */
E.&. Otil, £'»;., M, G-ate, I d, U.'-'.
(irfndro't, l<_ !>., Y.*\.r *.n., t&A,, p.l.«., &o. 7WnMiuf-AouM( ATurmi.
(MmUi C, &q. Burlingtwthumlm, ISO, /VccuuWy, US
Groawiwf. I.onl Ffwlunl, M_r*. ii'l, Upf*r Grc*T*nor~streelt W.
r.n.k, GfOiRc, Bq, 12,3»iiWo», >T.
Gnii" • ' '•» i*. Km. 16, S>iT*y-#^rt, fr'f-
Ouiui'll, CouiiuamU'i KJtnuiJ II., n.N. ^fwiy urn/ -Yi'jr 67«i, &W. ;
21, Atrjytkrxxd, QmqxtnhhM. \\ '.
♦aum«y, John H,, E*v C*iU>n-Ullt NonricJ,.
Qunifjr, .*<ninn«l, Es<i.. a.i*. 3u, Jtttnowr*Umxc(, HtgeHt'syxtrJi, W.; amd
CaftAalton, Surrey.
840 Gathrit, James Alc»«u-Icr. K.q. 30, rvrtkituJ-placc, \Y.
Gwytbfr. John H., K*(, Mcadtxrcrop, Lwet jj/dtkl '
$44dttQ*t-!odgrt Batf+kiN, CXeHmJiatn.
Royal Geographical Society. xli
emu*
1863
1865
1865
1860
1853
1853
1853
1881
1863
1862
1863
1853
1865
1864
1858
1862
1866
1861
1830
1861
1863
1830
1846
1853
1860
1866
1861
1857
1837
1859
1840
1864
1864
1864
1864
1861
1862
Hidow, P. D., Esq. Sudbury-priory, Middlesex.
Halcotnbe, Rer. J. J. Charter-house, E.C.
Hale, Warren S., Esq., Alderman. 71, Queen-street, Cheopside, E.C.
Haliday, Lieut-Colonel William Robert. United Service Club, S. W.
Halifax, Viacount, Q.C.B., m.p. I0t Belgravesquare, S.W.; and Hickleton,
Yorkshire.
•Halkett, Rer. Dunbar S. LittU Bookham, Surrey.
8so*Halkett, Lieut Peter A., r.s. Windham Club, S. W.
Ball, Charles Hall, Eaq. Park-street, Cirencester.
Hall, Henry, Eaq. 109, Victoria-street, 8. W.
Hall, James Tebbutt, Eaq. Fore-etreet, Limehouse, E.
Hall, Thoma* F., Esq., F.ca. 29, Warmck-square, S. W.
Hall, Admiral Sir William Hutcheaon, K.C.B., P.R.8. United Service Club,
8. W. ; and 48, Phillimore-gardens, Kensington, W.
Hallett, Lieut. Francis C. H., ilii. a. Junior United Service Club, S. W.
Halliday, Sir Fred., K.CB. 14, Quem's-gate-gardens, South Kensington, W.
Halloran, Arthur B., Esq. Principal of the South Devon Collegiate School,
Heavitree, Exeter.
Hamilton, Archibald, Esq. South Barrow, Bromley, Kent, S.£.
86o Hamilton, Rear-Admiral C. Baillie. 50, Warwick-square, 8.W.
Hamilton, Lord Claude, m.p. 19, Eaton-sq., S. W. ; and Barons-court, Co. Tyrone.
•Hamilton, Capt Henry G., B.K. 71, Ecclestonsquare, S. W.
Hamilton, Col. Robert William, Grenadier Guards. 18, Eccleston-equare, S.W.
Hamilton, R., Esq. Care of J. Forster Hamilton, Esq., 2, Oloucester-street,
Portman-square, W.
Hamilton, Terrick, Eaq. 121, Park-Street, Qroevenor-tquare, W.
Hamilton, Rear-Admiral W. A. Baillie. Macartney-house, Blackheath, S.E.
•Hand, Capt. George S., B.K., O.B. United Service Club, S. W.; and H.il.S.
• Victory.'
•Handley, Benjamin, Eaq., Aasistant-Commr. Turko-Persian Frontier. British
Embassy, St. Petersburg; and Grafton Club, Grttf ton-street, W.
Hanham, Commr. T. B.t B.N. Manston-house, near Blandford, Dorset.
870*Hankey, Blake Alexander, Esq. 38, Portland-place, W.
Hankey, Thomson, Esq., M.P. 45, Portland-place, W.
• Hanmer, Sir J., Bart. , M.P., f .r.s. Hanmer-hall and Bettisfie Id-park, FtintsJtirc.
•Hansard, Henry, Eaq. 13, Great Queen-street, W.C.
•Harcourt, Egerton V., Esq. Whituxll-hall, York.
•Hardie, Gavin, Esq. 113, Piccadilly, W.
Harding, Charles, Esq., F.R.S.L., F.8.S., P.iJJJ- Grafton Club, 10, Grafton-
street, Piccadilly, W.
Harding, J. J., Esq. 1, Barnsbury-park, Islington, N. ,
Hardinga, Capt. E., B.N. 32, Hyde-park-square, W.
Harding*, Henry, Esq., M.D. 18, Grafton-street, Bond-street, W.
88o Hardmao, William, Esq., M.A. Norbiton-hall, Kingston-on- Thames.
xlii
Liitqf FeUowatfOe
16ti4
1853
1630
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1MB
i*m
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1*34
HaMwiclc, a fc>q. 157, F**<AuHiUt»wt, / 7
Harm, Aididaoju tho iluu. 0. A. Dn*nMU-*iwi.jtp CtypfrAan.
Harm, Admiral lh« Hon. K, A. J., cm. If.It.M.'t Envoy Kitrtonfwvy
and Minister /frapotaUttry, IflMtfN ttfibmniqut, iton*. Mf&trt.
FRodUad
lUniA, (faffl r-'rwIrTick, K"l^ HJL. 1/arrvtt-piirk, MiddltKs, K.W,
Harri<, Coj>t. Ilonrr. 11-O.fl. SR, Giouceii*r>i*rro&, Byd+fark, H\
HarrU, John 51.. E*cj. 1^, .'■' . JfSJund-rotitl, Kauinyt^n, W.
Harmon. CfaUy Rag, L»rrU-park, Sydenham ; and 3, Gi-mJ To#ir-tt., KJX
•HmtIuhi, WlllUin, K*j, MJL, r.ox, Aw. OflU-rtoXiW CT«A, S.W.; iZoyj/
nana raaU (An, 7. 4JtaurfMtr«rt; H : cmi/%t*w».A/i//, n/-ir w.irt-
frnrn, bsn&u'iire f and Samle*bvry->>"i. MOT J'retlon, J."nc>
Hit umbj , I'udlo , Km i vf. F*ituhm-lw., l.ir/t field , Bold 2Rff An, OivuirafmAiVc.
8^*H«rll'".l, r. Diwa, Ktq.v ».•.*., ftc. TA<- Cafttfln%MW CfiettnAam.
Harvey, Cliailc*. Eaq. 7fcifAf/>ift*wfe«tf*J, Strtatkia% 8.
H.rwy. C I' . i if., iLft 17, ffittrioflpfaftr, 0 " .
Hnrtey, Jmnw* fioo,. (-».!i. it..r"i. E*k*iUtttt Aitxro»yiU Southtavi, Xtv
Zealand, dirt o/ (/*• /.'-ni/r u/ OtitfO, OW SrW-»(rwt, J
Harr*y, Joho, K*q. Ukutlt J>ury, Bvjjla\rad<.
llfcrvcy, John, &q. 7, J/trte%-fujW, K.C.
B*Ttf, Hftbnd W* bfc ttt/ fttHty Ohio, tf.Wi
Harvey. W. D., Ekj. :-2. KotiinjJiilUqiiare, S. W.
Uanrood, 11. IWwouJ, t>j. 20, Ctttcland-xptar*, Fl^.pai-k, W.
Htvkur. Kdward J.. Eu|. 37, OftfMBaj I <■■/. S W .
900 Uftwkibj, Pnttfa lli-Ml, K«I.tM.D.lr.a.fi. 30, Cfc/.cr IMcy+trttt, IT.; oW
LtwfMod-jf, Dor c\* tt<r.
lUwkiiw, C«[»L Frank K., R.N. Jrmy ood A. try r/uo, ft W.
•lUwklux, John, &•%,
•Hawkmi. < ttL .1 -immrriii.M, l:.r. UWinVA, .^A",
llmwlukr, Tboiuu. E*Vi <:•»"-• Ui TWNnm* j/mylmt. XVnmvIgn, S.IT.
lUworlh. tradcrnck, Bft>
♦U-y. Ittrt artmllll Bb J. C. D«lryiu»lc, Dnrt., M.r., r.RA 108, «, flrtiyr'*-
sTwre.&n^; C.tf. CVufr, A»V.; Vtnragit, Gtoitwc ; anrf 7/<wrww»MAe-
Atft, A-, ir.
•Haj, Lord John. Ifi, Crctiwxtl-rond, South Ktn»\njto*t VT,
lUjr, LoM WllliafO. 3, Cia*tmd*>*, S.W.
II iv. Mn|,.r W. K. ZiWcm-Ak/j/c, Xoun-Acot/, n«r Fdmbutyh.
QI9 lUjrmin. Jmnca, Epq. nur.btXJmie, Bwdrtt-rond, b'.
Homd, AlfroJ, C14. in, Crwn-M-jivdavt Dayvwtor, \Y.
KnMllim, Itijttit Hon. That. E., m.p. 27, Athlty-phc*, rwteria-«/iwf, .s. II.
HtMih, J. Iktij., E«q., r.n.i., r^.A^ ComuI fttAmUob- 31, Old /mrj, £,C.
llMihe-yW, ChArlos Goorg*. k*i. 40, PaUtwU, S. W.
IImUiGcM, W. E., B»> 2(1, JTinj+trtet, Si. Soma'* 5. FT.
lUetor. AloiAndw, E*q. GfStanky-gardmi, Bay*oat*, 11 -
Royal Gootp-aphical Society,
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HoMM, 0«. WiLlougMv, Kiq, o.v. IS, Qutn'+tyrt, W*Hmm*irr, S.W.
H<tttana, Andrew, li»-|. 103, QbmauttrfJmct, lv+»m-*j*r*. W.
9«»ll**i*f»on, Jirim, E*q. iWfrw^tr*. /Witt, aU^wmiJry.
Bcodenoa, John, Esq. CVMcrvoffev du>> &. W. f out rtft>yiw.
Hmd*r»n. It. Bq. V. ir.Wwtf-fctw, ff.C.
HmAerwn, William, E^. 5, Amfcp****, JtyUprA-pritm, W.
♦Urt«{f, Stood, bfe .^r.iy'wwd. JfrvuJ fJempattad.
DM) I , Had M»wr of Uk Muiduittr CwimttaU Set**. OH
7Va/orrf, JfwGAater.
IT— l—j, -r Axri. Try. 5urwy */ Aftta, />rira « £W Ztt*o*.
J^y. ,ft M*m, /niMX UvftofNtMn >rtmdG>.
•lloirr. Win. Ou».. Esq.. H.D.. rjUL UtffitU, tuw Ledbury. fffrti'irJiAite.
MgU* Z*\. CkhUntt'.
S30 Ucrbert. George, fc#q., r.c.r. U*kinUy gtJtooK war JfettftpAom.
Hcr.1, Qtjttiitn D. J. '-, -Wicvy-Aow*, UmsAoutf, /.'.
Hvrul*i, Hand, i:,i- Cflrartah rVr*r» 0^i«, &1T«j <»' BcUt-ev+Jmw,
II«*j, Jwn« AugwtM, R*|, Itannuutftrd Itrut*, JVirwy, irtffr,
Hcoghtf John, Ktq. 71»nViij«M<*ta.
H4gnrorih,Cant. I-«n««, 4tl> Hord LmdlfM Jvi, tVirtrrtAiTiar (?&*, $, W.
. Bd« I,, A., bq. fifl, A*iWy-*<Wrt, fit /aWj, £.r7.
Hi^fitK. Edmund Tbomfti, K*|., XJL0A 9, /^flAffWAd-t^rmf*, /tarottoiry, A'.
UU1, AiUiur Dowdier, E*i. &M*M-nwd, CUpK*m-park, flumy, 8,
W UB, Booty, Bn> 14, H^yond H>*rf, ArtferfffeN I
-i^tUq. 3»,7W-/.iM ■ r^rrocr, JT«**o«ni* /"or*. 11'.
I ; ill, i Itvl i • [«d Stophto J. 0« '/ ftyt K Baram; r..»., 14, iro&urrv
tjuur/, W.; j4riry ani .Viry C/u6, S. IV.; a*<t Cowrmor »/ .4 „t..ju*
>rJ, Mjywt Gwnft Towurt. Mftin* SUff Corpi. II, Lan$di>vn*-rwult
nil. T. Wo^it.iiK. K^i., PorriiiCT-AUUv. 04. lincotn'pn'nn-JlctiU, W.C.
Uiu J. 1Wm»« llcaiy Tuulc, si .A. Tv^nfA, C»*«/j Watt,
•ltin,t., ■■ , bq. \Yin.t.Um <'t<i!>, S.W.
•Hut lunn ib, FrfJerkk, E*|, 4, Xcv Itm, Si
H0V%HmD| I ■ ■ J • ■ ■ ,ynt rk,Jin <, Alt*m/arifttrt*1, W*
■ ., B*|i M'i*if of GwtniMi School, Wamitt, Mar War*.
IMthOVm, li-iirr William, R«j. X4, rwtfyim-ylacf, 0 H
Doeklr, Jotw Min<tt, F-s- KJTa HirUm M,.«(#r, SunRhnl, and Con»i-ra(or
of Uw Tauvlat* Kiiug Kitei. PtyMptvn £L Maty, Dttm.
xliv
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Ml
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1869
1861
1861
1835
1862
1861
laufi
1857
1864
1857
>
1864
1863
1901
186V
1866
I Mil
1846
1802
1861
18&9
1858
1856
List of Fellows of die
•Hodgwin, Arlluir, E«q., SdfVtaMBtUM iti th* Atutnl;nn Ayncultiiral Cnmjmir.
•Hodpon, Jnmo Stewvt, E*j. S, fH. /feWa-jrim, E.C.
Hodpnn. Kirkmun [lulri, Bq, MA *. A Jftlm'tfilacr, K.O.
HoB, ■'«n«. &* 217. Pioaaditfy, W.
Uofg, John, K-j.m.a.. *.«_«.. r.t.f., V.-Prw. Koy«l Socket/ of LtUl
a. t, .Sr^Mnf«'-«Mt Temptt, tf.Cj and J(nrUm-homfg fftiilhli ifllC
ZVm.
Hull', Oliuilr*. f>((. /.. ujK'joroii-j'i-.lMiut'jt\rM>[, Kiit Urixtuti, 5.
•Holford, Robert 3., luq., *U». thrchester-Kwe, VarkJvnc, \\\
yfio Holland, IW Km!. Wliitiimr*. «, AwUwi-jtfua*, C«1MWiyM-ln/*jrc\ H
Hollud, Kir llearj, li*rt., *,&., r,H*. 35, io«r Bnx/A-ttrtct, W.
Holland, Colonel .Iam«. 24, Frtiiaf i-aq%uvt, Ktnsiiyttn-jardfn*, \Y.
Holland, Loton, £»q. 6, Quem'viillu, Witulmr.
Holland, Knl»rf, h*q. fflffllWOrfrllllT. Qfttl AtHMIflntj Muttieta,
[Ingnroitb, Jd fnilonc-Aourc, (Jreaurieh, S.E,
Holm.-. J. Wibon, K»i., MJk. /Jotmircood; /taJtaAom, Kent, S.S.
•Ilolino, Jauicv, K»q, 4, iPcm Ormutvi-jtrcttf Quccn-u/uart, W.C.
Uritmm. S" Williim H.
Huluu, Johu, li^. 16, Gornoatl->iarJe*3, (fNcm"f«pifc* \}\
j? ■' 'l..ii«iy.l, Mthnr "I'oddp K*l.. ILOlff *X.*. jllA«urvm Clt*. 5.VT.
■ -.i. : i.-ii- - . i ■,. B*nfctar-*t-Uw, ?, Bi.-«iwf, 7mpfr, T.C,
Holt, V*My, Eity G'l, IV'irwiVNUfmrv, W.
Homfniy, VflUuo Henry. Eaq. 6, r!.»c<'j-jitte, S.W.
H.imvwood, BfllMrti V*\. If . \Ycth<rrftld, flNfaCrHfJ IVAtflM
aw, Air.
•How), Mr Wet, \nlnnd, lUrt ., i.i- wwr*. Brktynwttr, SauneU
Hood, Ban Mmb*dr« E*q. War Office, S.W.; and 10, JTcn«yiori.y**-
i bod, T. ft Cwkr/om, E«i. ^iw.^, ftemUhhln.
•Hood, Wllliou Charlw, R*o.., m.d, totMthem BatpH-i, •".
•ll.-.Vcr. Jncnjih, I'o-j , M.n . r r * , K i..k , left I Nrrr.tar of ttv Jtoynt '",iir\ln.
*I(atn», Ali»t. Jnm.»c IVrnlonl, K«) , MA: ArklovJiotw, COUUHQ/U*p(Mf,
JJyJi-parh, \V.; JMif ficAjrbivy-f*tr>, ffiirtt.grtn, A....'
Hu|». Oqfb C. WrliUy. B*X, //. J/.5. ' ZTr wt/ ^HMfaj a/(Wfl. fiflAW ^ Cfc
Ho»iia»r Capt. A. H., R.!C. jiftwy unJ ffnfj CM, S, IV
Ho«ljii«, cKudw Wttii, Bk^. HHBrUMbfV, pTanBUfM
Houghtoo, Loid. 1C. <jyf Iwl 9fN$t, W*l '- W^Sm4ft **l JtyrfOfr
RoTflll, IVllIlAm Milton, l.'.i. GmUhtrn, A'*w 5ou/A ff*(i/«. Orr flf JK'- T.
GlamW/(fi, 74, FUet-*tr<*t9 ACL
li..«-u. w. <;., l„,.
Hmrii Bh blpki BM IT, IMgrmt+n^ ft W.; niirf yJiuAy-jiart, H»ct*V«l.
Royal Geographical Society. xlv
1842
1867
1867
1857
1838
1838
1860
1861
1866
1865
1857
1862
1864
1858
1860
1865
1852
1850
1861
1860
1851
1846
1860
1852
1840
1864
1853
1861
1864
1865
1866
1855
1862
1866
1857
990*Hnbbard, J. Gellibrand, Esq., M.p. 24, Princes-gate, Hyde-park, S.W,
•Hubbard, William Egerton, Esq. St. Leonard' s-lodge, Horsham.
•Hubbard, William Egerton, Esq., Jan., R.A. St. Leonard's-lodge, Horsham.
Hughes, Capt. Sir Frederic Ely-house, Wexford.
Hughes, William, Esq. 63, Oaklexf-equare, St. Pancras, N.W.
'Hume, Edmund Kent, Esq.
•Hume, Hamilton, Eiq. Cooma Tats, New South Wales. Care of Rev. A,
Hume, 24, Fitzctarence-Street, Liverpool.
Hunt, George S. Lennox, Eeq., H.B.M. Conn], Pernambuco.
Hunt, Joseph, Esq. Cave-house Uxbridge, Middlesex.
Hunt, Capt. Thomas, R.H.A. The Barracks, Maidstone.
XOOoHunt, Zacharias Daniel, Esq. Aylesbury.
Hunter, Henry Lsnnoy, Esq. Beech-hill, Reading.
HntcbJnson, Capt. R. R. 12, Mornington-road, Bromley, Middlesex.
Hutchinson, Thomas J., Esq., f.r*.l, r.rji., F.AAU, H.B.M. Consul, Rosario,
Argentine Republic. Care of J. B. Alston, Esq., Foreign-office.
•Hyde, Captain Samuel. 8, BUliter-squaret E.C.
Illingworth, Iter. Edward A. 3, Mecklenburg-street, W.C.
Illingworth, Richard Stonhewer, Esq. 9, Norfolk-crescent, Hyde-park, W.
•Imray, James Frederick, Esq. 102, Minories, E. ; and Beckenham, Kent, S.E.
•Ingall, Samuel, Esq. Forest-hill, Kent, S.E.
Ingilby, the Rer. Sir Henry John, Bart. Ripley-castle, Ripley, Yorkshire.
lOioInglefield, Captain Edward A., R.N., p.ra United Service Club, S.W. ; and
10, Qrove-end-road, St. John's Wood, H. W.
Ingram, Hughes Francis, Esq. University Club, S. W.
•Inskip, G. H., Esq., Master R.S. H.M. Surveying Vessel ■ Porcupine f and
6, Park-place-vest, Sunderland,
•luakip, Rer. Robert Mills. 8, Boon's-place, Plymouth,
*Irby, Frederick W., Esq. Athenaum Club, S. W.
•Irring, John, Esq.
Irring, Thomas, Esq. 46, Marquess-road, Canonbury, N.
Irwin, James V. H. 8, Duke-street, St. James's, S. W.
Ires, W. F., Esq. St. John's School, Limehouse, E.
Irard, Frederick, Esq., 14\,ffigh Holbom, W.C.
lOJoJackaon, Robert Ward, Esq. 28, Inverness-road, Hyde-park, W.
Jackson, William, Esq., M.P. 10, Mansfield-street, W.
Jacomb, Thomas, jun., Esq. 23, Old Broad-street, Gresham-house, E.C.
James, Major Geo. A. 22, Essex-street, Strand, W.C.
James, Colonel Sir Henry, R.E., F.a.s. Director of the Ordnance Surwj,
Southampton.
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1902
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JtfDO, Willuvn lkvrilfe, t*j. 1 3, I'hmpctteoaJ, JfoUo-JUiT, IV.
•Ja^uo, Uonai'l. E*n. Wmrtrf/sK-AeoM, t'onHftatt. ToriA\n.
•J...U., u.lratr, K*|. £4Mri»i*»tf«t &»ri7ty.
•Juiilne, Robert, E*i.. KP. GitfArmtf*. L<xf,crt,y. JT.AL
J-fonon, Rfebua, E«|. A*, n* «</hii,y, RG
i -p. J, G„ IUj, 33, Jtoouhir+flv .
•Jrjwihoy, Sir Jwwtjot, IWt. 9H
«, Chlda, E*j. 1 V. CtMwfOfcj&or, VT.
Jwokwi, H. DMrtthB&$ I, £We*«tW, lonylc, E.C, i <md% Y<rJhUrrwM9
Jtbliat, Ctgk 6 liiliih. :.*., CJ* IM Mfil CM. A Jamri»-*pmr<i S. W^
4«J i^rwn, IFVfo/. /W, if<?nty*maryX*r<.
*Jenkln«, It. C**IU, Kiq. Btachky. nmir r/wtrutw.
•'•" ■•. VUKtaB»Safca h.a. 13, rjctoru-rfrwr, fftifnMpr>&JR
JenojTi, Kowlood Formliy, E»j. War CJ(ffcvr ft H
Jawpf, U«c. Au«u»ti»» il.A., H«*J JLolc.*, Kiuc Edw«J VI. fdiuoL -VonnbA.
•i-i.i.. Bwy, Em). LloyfM, X.C.
Johft*OQt KJmiinJ Chat.t Kh|. CS, -tft-wiy, /MoMrfffly, H*., mi</H,SVii -lit-rcnt, W.
• Jvtm«on, llcary, Km). 38. CrutoAtJ-frin, A I '.
Jfthnmn, .Mhn Mnjjri, t -..
Mi- " R • i >, K*i„ ft.rr. /•maw CotUm CM, ft r, .
Man, w. 11., bgw, CM! ■'***» />«,
I'rotinen, /mlia.
MniLuo, AOm. Keith, rjH|., rjUAt Bsfc M«m. UcrLitag, Sk„4c. JrVrA-
hnll-pirk. ; on// <, A. .< *' rrV^uaiy, AfflAbWtfA.
Miwtra, X. R., Kiq., r.iu. .UAfTMwn CM, $. W.
JuliMton, J. Biwikra, E*q. ':% T#mtnv*t-*trrt( .
JohtaUbt, Mijor H. C. Uurr**, Punjab, IntHs.
JOJC»*Jvlui»lone, Jolm, E«|. (?a*J/««ftc-Aoii*r, Mytflln. A IT!
JohoMonc, Sir Joliu V. I'.., Hart., w.i\r D.O.L. W, £*tjrav*-*]*ir<t Hr. ; mU
Jimm, dpi. Uvini KoaAtoa, v«ui i>£t. ^«(/wf.'»/, .sv.^ Cifty, mot ^mi*.
Wo' 3l*ti»tt J!
Jwiict, C.ipl. Fvlli, FcrrM. CA'vxh-iVinJ, Wcttsjii-htil, Upper Xvntmi%$t
JoM*,L(.-Coloo«l Joukb, Roj»l EnginiHr*. 1. J.onnard'jiloct, tVcu-rio^ i?r.
Joan. John, E«j. S3S, fifrond, W,C.
Jvoca, Jok& I'.-rcr, R*.|, Gtvt-park Softool, Wrexham.
Stum, Sir Wlllouirlihjr. fWirt. CnmiwrvAnU, /"iiimAffm, .Vn^Ul.
•/«Jm, Win, LoiBlitcD, i:*j. 1, /Vifi»-»7v.ir», Xotlifj-hNI, IT.
jMhttt, Mima, E«|. .V»ft)«w; aiirf 21, Cfflfrjit fli <— , JT«f*<UC. W.
XO$aJourliio, Fr*aenck John, E*|. 10, Audfrfri**, Z.C.
Royal Geographical Society. xlvii
Tim of
1858
1865
1866
1860
1857
1857
1863
1845
1861
I860
1863
1861
1859
1861
1861
1854
1863
1867
1864
1862
1859
1862
1857
1864
1864
1846
1866
1858
1861
1857
1867
1860
1858
1863
1861
1866
1835
Kay, David, Esq. 17, Abingdon-terrace, Kensington, W.
Kaye, J. W., Eiq. India Office, S.W.
*Kean, Charles, Esq. 30, George-street, Hanover-square, W.
Keate, R. W., Esq., Lieutenant-GoYeraor, Trinidad.
Keating, Sir Henry Singer.Q.C., oneof the Judge* of the Court of Common Plena.
1 1 , Prince* s-gardens, S. W.
Keens, Rer. C. E. Ruck. Surynscornbe-park, Henley-upon- Thames.
Keir, Simon, Esq. Conservative Club, S. W.
•Kellett, Rr.-Adm. Henry, 03. Clonmel, Ireland.
Kelly, William, Esq. Royal Thames Tacht Club, 7, Albemarlestreet, W.
X070*Kembell, Col. Arnold Burrowes, G.B., Indian Army. H.M's Consul-General,
Bagdad; and 6, Che tier- -place, Hyde-park, W.
Kempater, J., Esq. 1, Portsmouth-place, Kennington-lane, Surrey, S.
Kennard, Adam Steinmetr, Esq. 7, Fenchurch-street, B.C.
Kennard, Coleridge J., Esq. 14, Lombard-itreet, E.C. ; and 13, Prince's-
terrace. Prince* s-gaU, S.W.
Kennard, Robert William, Esq., m.p. 37, Porchester-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
Kennedy, Edward Shirley, Esq. Esher, Surrey.
Kennedy, Rer. John, m_*. 4, Stepney-green, E.
Kerr, J. H., Esq., ajf. Hydrographio-offiee, S. W.
Kerr, Robt. M., Esq., Judge of the Sheriffs' Court, City.
Kerr, Lord Schomberg. 15, Bruton-street, W,
io8oKershaw, Wm., Esq. 16, St. Mary Axe, E.C ; and Suffolk-lodge, Brixton-road, S.
Key, Admiral Astley Cooper, a.H., c.e. United Service Club, 8.W.
Key, J. Binney, Esq. Oriental Club, W.
Keysell, Francis P., Esq. Sycamore-villa, 35, CarltonJull, St. John'**vood,N. W.
•Kiddle, W. W., Esq.
Kimber, Dr. E. Mwchison-house, Dulutich, S.
King, Lieut-Colonel Edward R., 36th Regt Junior United Service Club.
S.W.
King, John, Esq. The BusAetts, Thames Ditton, Surrey.
King, Rer. Samuel W., a.m. Saxlingham-rectory, Norwich.
King, Major W. Ross, Onatt, faa. Scot Tertowie, Kinellar, Aberdeenshire ;
and Army and Navy Club, 8. W,
lO^Kinnaird, Hon. Arthur F.t M.P. 2, Pall-mall-east, S. W.
Kinnaird, George William Fox, Lord, K.a. Bossie-priory, Inchture, N.B. ; and
33, Groscenor-street, W.
Kinns, Samuel, Esq., ph. dr., f.b.a.8. Highbury-new-park College, N.
Kirk, John, Esq., m.d. 45, George-square, Edinburgh.
Kirke, John, Esq., Barrister. C. Thorold, Esq., Welham, Betford, Notts.
Kirkland, Sir John. 17, Whitehall-pl., S.W. ; and Foofs-cr ay-pi, Kent, S.E.
•Kitson, James, Jun„ Esq. Hanover-square, Leeds.
•Kjaer, Thomas Andreas, Esq. Hjornet af Kvngins Nyetow og Qathersgaden No.
26, 3d Sakl, Ccpenl.agcn.
iviii
List of Fellows of the
»M'.7 Kmght, Andww lUiloy, Kan.. 7«, Wiittwnw-fKrww, Ny&xparlt, TV.
IMS KnolljA IJruU-Ccneral W. P.. V.-Prw. Council of Military Kdacallon. £'.ir»
mjWf<t A IV.
Kom, Alex. A., K»q. 01, l^orM-i^tf(<f TVcainwufcr, g H'.
1*07
1IW!
iw
ran
1M9
ISflft
1H<;:I
im>4
18C7
1864
18*1
ISM
1886
IM7
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issa
IM
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i-.i,
I8C>
10 d
11 .1
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SMI
| wo
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llooKmu.Thornwi:., Kw]. Jiuflfil. i>tn of Mrx*r$. r,n*1 0c, V.,
Kopecb, He no'. K»b,. OtfJutrt-Avtutf, Shaoyhri. Oxrc vf II. C. B<it*Jufar, £$gH
Ubiw, Licuf.-Col«nel Valentine H., MX, P.QJ. Af»7«MMw<-cAaniA«r»r
•Uftui, (apt. Ifqfwrl Mirhnal, R.K, ^n*y oaf Nary '.';"'> X. IV ; .itn* £U0»-
Ax/jftf, Am/.
Liunb. LicuL lli-my, I.X. JI.M. /nJi'i Slwc 1/tjnirtmmt, Timicdawvnf,
hw\hfth. A
•Urabrrt, Abn, Eaq, HeatkAt^jc, Putn*y-J.»itA, 8.W.
Ijunhrrt, t'lmrlf*, Esq. 2, Qium-itixtt-jJitn; tipper Thimr**trt*t, R,C*
Lambert, Win. BInfce, Eiq., 0,B. 3t, Qmm Amnt-atmi, Ca*.nui,ik-*ju»ft W«
i : juljwirrl. Cap!. <». at '-'0, A:trMirlc~*rtct. W.
Lnrnont, Jamn, K»j.( K.r. K 1, Albany, W.
Lmnpmy, Jolm, E*q. Ifl, Oitntto*-*/ibi«. .V.1V.
f.ainpmr, Thoniaa, Kb). Wirnbr-tet/tfi 7H« <?rtW, //utnffifrtffiif\ W,
Lmiipny, Jaiim, F_eq., M.n.. G7th lUfL WaUrfortf, IrchinJ.
Lnrnpaon, C. M., E*\. 6», (J*e**+4tn<4, ffuvptNJt, A'.C
•Uno#, Jfthn H#nrj, bq„ r.US. Tar Lfolmw*t, Fliilfaf.
'l.iiii;, Awli-ew, Eaq, Aininorv, JI*nt*-ri wr, AVio &u*A Ifrfo ,* <in./ Q |
".
•Lnnjp*. Db*M 1, K*q. U, &*$ent-*™t, II.
IjuifUuJk, John, fcj>,., Ki«(ocrr. Mtltoimt, AudtraNa.
iisoUnrJey. KJwwd, Kaq, FftaUd), gftfc-f, A'mf.
•Lwrora. Mnj.-G«wrmt Sir Thotnu AUkeir. rti:., K.C.U.. r.R.». Ooa^b, Dtibii:
I*rJn«r( Col. Jcto. r»tf«* «*W* CM, ft IF.
T.»mach. DonnUI, K*|. 21, KtnstJujtoi^paUio^anlau, W.
I.ntiobe.Cft. J., K*i. IW<Wwi«h^< Worwtbr.
•Titurle, John M„ Bq, 4. /*. {lamje+phix, SLW.i «»'/ Muira*?tmJoim.
TfanhiU, rhmnfrvnMr*.
•Lnw,l[on.H. Sp»ncor, M.A. laZoim(lri4r.,^.lV .-•-• I /.7mm. ( a ■;-.. ' it*>jtilc.
Law, William J., Eaq, BS, t'pprr Sfynumr-itVurt, TK; 33. Lincoln' t-im-
JittJ.\ IV/'. ; 'in.i '>, Stuttx+qwr*, aw^UMk
LawrcwT, K'ltenl, E»|. Hevchmmi, Ai/btrtK Ltoerpoot,
Uwm, WmH C^. Wi ■%*■■ 6W« . 1 K " K W-
u jD*Uy, Horatio. N.. K»i„ CommisloBer of Korelpi Cuetouu in China.
Uyud, AiiaUD II., K^., *.i\, r.o,L. Ml',Ptcc&Hity, \\~.
Royal Geographical Society. xlix
lg66 *I*yard, Lieutenant Brownlow Villiera (3rd W. India Regt.). 38, Upper Mount-
street, Dublin ; and Lane's Hotel, 1, St. Alban's-piace, S. W.
1863 *Le*f, Chas. J., Eaq. Old-change, E.C. ; and The Rylands, Norwood, S.
1861 •Leaxmonth, Dr. John. Parkhall, near Linlithgow.
1866 Lebour, G. A., Eaq. G, Addison-crescent, Kensington* W.
1853 *Le Breton, Francis, Esq. 21, Sussex-place, Regent* s-park, N.W.
1865 Le Feurre, W. H., Esq., c.e. 18, Great George-street, S.W.
1861 Leckie, Patrick C, Esq. 7, Palace-road, RoupeU-park, Streatham, S.
1839 Lee, Thomas, Esq. Royal Institution, Albemarle-street, W.
1833 iX40*Leferre, Sir John George Shaw, m.a., d.c.u, k.r.8., Vice-Chance! lor of the
Uniyersity of London. 8, Spring-gardens, S. W.
1853 Lefroy, General John Henry, B.A., r.R&. Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, S.E.
1862 Leggatt, Clement Daridaon, Eaq. 43, Pnvemess-terrace, W.
1861 Legh, Wm. John, Esq. 37, Lowndes-square, S. W. ; and Lyme-park, Cheshire.
1861 •Lehmann, Frederick, Eaq. 139, Westboume-terrace, W.
1845 Leigh, John Studdy, Esq., f.oj. Care of S. Herapath, Esq., 4, Angel-court,
Throgmorton-street, E.C.
1863 Le Meaurier, Henry P., Esq., C.E. St. Martin's, Guernsey.
1863 Le Measarier, M.-Gen. A. P. 2, Stanhope-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
1836 Lemon, Sir Charles, Bart., f.k.s., &c Carclew, near Falmouth, Cornwall.
1857 *Lenox, George Wm., Esq. 34, Portland-place, W. ; and Pont-y-Pridd,
Glamorganshire.
1856 nsoLealie, the Hon. G. W. 4, Hurley-street, W.
1859 Leslie, Walter D., Esq. Arthur's Club, St. James' s-etreet, S. W.
1866 Lester, Dr. C. S., bjj. 8, Chepstow-place, Bayswater, W.
1867 L'Estrange, Carleton, Esq. Carlton Club, S. W.
1840 * Letts, Thomaa, Eaq. 8, Royal Exchange, E.C.
1863 LeTeauz, E. H., Esq. 25, The Cedars, Putney, S.W.
1857 Lerersoo, George B. C, Esq. 73, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
1862 Lerick, Joseph, Esq. 8, Great Winchester-street, Old Broad-street, E.C.
1866 Levinge-Swift, Richard, Esq. I.evinge-lodge, Richmond, Surrey.
1859 Lerinaohn, Louis, Esq. 7, Fmsbury-square, E.C.
1865 ilfcoLfery, William Hanks, Esq. Institution of the Association for the Welfare of
the Blind, 210, Oxford-street, W.
1852 Leycester, Captain Edmund M., r.n. 5, Carton-place, Westbourne-parl>
road, Bayewater, W.
1861 Leyland, Luke Swallow, Esq. The Leylands, Hatfield, Doncaster.
1859 Lichfield, Thomas George, Earl of. Shugborough, Staffordshire.
1856 lilford, Thomas Lyttlelon Powys, Lord. 10, Grosoenor-place, W.
1860 Lindsay, H. Hamilton, Esq.
1857 Lindsay, Major-General the Hon. J., Grenadier Guards, x.p. 20, Portman-
square, W.
1867 •Lindsay, Col. Robert J. I*, M.r.f V.C. Lcckinge-house, Wantage, Berks; and
2, CarUon-gardent, S. W.
VOL. XXXVII. d
Lid &f FtHomt ef Ih*
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1800
1800
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'LlnuSjy. Win. ?.. rSj. Af.««Mo«*r, £*<7!p*rfc*, UMdtav.
l.-tcr, JVlm, E«j,
UTOLltil*. InMWd J.. ftfe 3*, Dnxik-tirttt, Crprwrwr^ritare, W.
•Lloyd, 0Mqp A., Kj^. 2, AoyaJ Kxt.'hang*iMildmg*% £,<?.
I. !..■•!. M Dub, Diul.. *.l'. United Unitwt&y GW
Bromtyid, Carmarthen.
Lloyd, W., &q. J4,»r*\*Ut n«r button Otyfotf.
... Win. V., «,*. IS, /. m v/t^r-jMfr, U'.
1. In 11 ,.i, i'-.ji. l;..K.,f.i. fiO, J/ootdgu-jpnr^ V.
I.rtrh, <imrg«\ Km], !-\ Alf^rnnrle-itrret, W.
Loch, Henry UrougWa, tCwj. Ootmvnmf-Avxtr, /■«# </ J/.w.
I.orh, John i:lurl.-, Bq tfc MlxvusrU-ttrert, H'.; «f ff<mp.Km$.
Loch, UMlum Adwa, Knq. 8, Grt-sl Ccoryt-Hrtd, W*tt*M*rt S.W-
r rflol.t. <*. John, K»j. Kit, -/li/iJuon-mW. KfJtxmijttm, W,
Lockhnrt, William, E*q., F.a.C.I. Pui-h-tufai, Grmvittcpark, WkJA,- it-'.,
md 0>i<u-
Lot* wood, Jimn AIM. CMffff -4rf* C'/n\ //.m»e«--ji7U«Y, H*.
•Login, SU WUliftm Edciond. rjOA Montrcst. GmaAi.
l.u.i .... :-».ryKorert*r, l.....f. RflMI Ml , ]^£*-.U*y-*7.,fr.
Uoc, Cwv, B»q., m.a. :-» dmkh$\m*mtt IhQktm
'Long, H«iry L, E*j. Tractlttrt' Club, 3, W. ; ami namj.totk-k.lp, Hr^M,
•Long, W. Ptwtoo, £aq.
tonylpo, Uorrell !>., K»q. 4, Xnuirmort jdiot, J/yde-jMrA, & |V.
"Luiijlcy. ftUJor Goorge, x,B. Lambetft Palaoi.
1 1 ool.oogrean, Tbw., E»). VW»w*«t-/w. &A / and 8, Aumc**?., iTy
Longnnn, WfUtffD, K*). :-sri, Myde-park^sqmre, W.
Loudale, Arthur IVmWrlon, K*j,
Lnuker. Will; ■ i i IftBoiUI, iMraMiJ Ct** if Mtr.
It"., l\i*.\oj)*fot*.ttre«t.witf,tri. \
LotvII, Capt. 0, Qru*riUct*irk-vi{taM, Dl<uAAe*lK 8.B.
Lowtt. l'h.l|iP.i:«t,r, Biq. f;iMomt»-A&. liitomU, LeyM<n ft-wrrf.
Low, Ales. I'., rUq. ft-*, IVwtfeMwkrruCtf, IT.
low. Itotwrl, K*-|. If, lt.VH,r»j.jwjw# U (J
Low, S. I\ Uj. :.."., rariwi/^t-^rtfrt, JL U".
Lnwilrit. Ilw. (imr^H Roil»» firral-rilti, llnnitxtl, VlMliHt.
I ic-^Lowc, Cajit. W. Prury. JfyrM, fictlu^'Cotd. Ltarmat, M
I.nwod*., K. ^., bq. *4, Kolan-pLm, X, R
I.owry, JtMfdi Wllwn, Bfll. *J, liobert+trtet. ffatnpjtead-rwd, X. IV.
Loyd, Col. W. r. Union Onh, 8. W.
Umh Wm. ClwrK K*|, IM*&\ff-l**mtC>tr&f : and jtlimrwn CM, 5, IT.
Luka, VnUta, I-Uo,., Boiipl CM1 S*rrl«. 9% fwenteitterr., Jlpitptr^ W>
Liilii:-].:i. I.V.. Bdbvrl l 'liinin, M,A, Cfitfvlfe, ,VoMn0fMr.
Lu«U, Kobcrl, l£*>|.a Q.C. Jlafaidra^-AMwr, Jwiwr«*/, Se^mfp-park^Jf.W.
Royal Geographical Society. li
Twrf
1866
1830
1837
1861
1858
1862
1863
1862
1843
1863
1865
1865
1861
1839
1845
1859
1859
1862
1845
1861
1860
1863
1864
1830
1862
1864
1861
1855
1865
1860
1860
1859
1867
1855
1861
1860
1865
1855
1381
1845
Lydall, J. H., Esq. 12v Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane, W.C.
•Lyell, Sir Cbarla*, Bart., M.A., LL.D., P.a.8. 73, ffarley-st.. Cavendish-*!., W.
i2io*Lynch, Capt. H. Blow, i.n., C.B., pjliji. Athenaum Club, 8.W.
•Lynch, Tbomaa Kerr, Esq. 31, Cleveland-square, Hyde-park, W.
Lyne, Francis, Esq.
•Hacarthur, Major-Gen. Sir Edward, K.C.B. 27, Prince s-gardens, W.
Macbraire, James, Esq. Broadmeadows, Berwick-on- Tweed.
Maodonald, Chessborougn C, Esq. 32, Belsize-park, Hampstead, N.W.
Macdounell, Sir Richard Grares, C.B., lata Governor of 3. Australia.
Madarlan, George, Esq. Christ-church, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Macfarlan, John G-, Esq. Clyde-villa, Anerley-hill, Upper Norwood.
Macfie, Ber. M. Moseley-road, Birmingham.
laaoMacWntoah, Alexander Brodie, Esq. Oriental Club, W. ; and Dtsnoon, Scotland.
Macintosh, Lieut. -General Alei. Fisher, Kjl.
•Madntyre, Patrick, Esq., F.8.A., Off. Assoc. Inst. Act.
Hackay, Rev. Alexander, a.m. free Manse, Bhynie, Aberdeenshire.
•Mackean, The*. W. L., Esq. 24, Oxford-square, Hyde-park, W,
Mackenzie, Colin J, Esq. Windham Club, S. W.
Mackenzie, Right Hon. Holt, ftMkAA Athenaum Club, S. W. ; and 28, Whnpole-
street, W.
Mackenzie, Sir Jsmes J. Randall, Bart Travellers' Club, S. W. ; and Seatwell,
Batehaugh, Munlochy, N.B.
•Mackenzie, James T., Esq. 69, Lombard-street, E.C.
Mackenzie, John H., Esq. Wallington, Carshalton, Surrey.
x230*Mackeson, Edward, Esq. 59, Lincoln' s-inn-felds, W.C.
Mackillop, James, Esq., f.r.a.8. 30, Grosvenor-square, W.
Mackinly, Dn Esq. Oriental Club, W.
Mackinnon, C. D., Esq. Care of Messrs. J. Clinch and Sons, 3 1, Abchurch-lane, E. C.
Mackisnon, Lachlan, Esq. Menabilly, Par-Cornwall; and Reform Club, S. W.
•Mackinnon, Wm. Alex., Esq., M.P., p.k.s. 4, Hyde-park-place, W.
•Mackinnon, W., Esq. 150, Hope-street, Glasgow.
Mackirdy, Lt-CoL Elliot, 69th Rgt. U. S. Club, S. W. ; and Tonghoo, Birmah.
Maclean, William Crighton, Esq., F.G.8., 5, Camperdown-tcr., Great Yarmouth,
MacLeay, George, Esq. 35, Hyde-park-gardens, W.
zaAoMaclonghlin, David, Esq., M.D., Member of Legion of Hononr,&c. 36, Bruton-
street, Berkeley-square, W.
Maclnre, Andrew, Esq. Maclure, Macdonaid, and Macgregor, 37, Walbrook, E.C.
Maclnre, John William, Esq. 2, Bond-street, Manchester.
Macmillan, Alex., Esq. 16, Bedford-street, Covent-garden, W.C.
Mackmardo, G. W., Esq. 7, New Broad-street, E.C.
Macnab, John, Esq.
Macpheraon, William, Esq. 32, Lancaster-gate, W.
•Macqneen, James, Esq., K.C. Tower and Sword of Portagal. 4, Alma-terrace^
HiMiun ersmith, Jr.
d i
lii
List of Fellow* of the
1-u-f
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1865
1855
1800
1852
1 .,.;
18-19
1807
ISM
IWA
ISM
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Mai-M. Colio W., E-q. Oruntal Clvh, ffantw* hjwft, \Y.
UacUit^irl. Malrulm. Esq, Xybwy, ,Y#w AntfA iVofo.
rajolIcArthur. AUr., E*j. Haiti jk-hi!l, $rixtt>n-rt**, SrirUn, 3.
McAilliLf, W;I;iiuu, Km|. 1, Gu</dcrJt<JU*tn, /Jrixftm-nie, S,
McClintoek, Oipt. Sir Knincii Leopold, as. Utt&fiJ Srvic* CIA, S.W.
•McCoauIl, W. U., bo* Uur btarmt-Un. 1-. Xinf »&«***(*, S.CL J a»J
MoCwL, Joho, Eoq,, *.t>. y»*Wor VnlUd Serb* 0/mo, ft IV.
•MMlii.r. Cipum.Mr Kolwrt J. Ii> M„ K>. Ctoftixrfltld, K<rU ; md M
■ .■■■'■, ■ iY.
W. I IpnaUi Jiuncs Eo<l. tfrirn/'*/ C/-W, // i, \\\
McKuoti, l>. P.. H*q. 2*. i'embnitje^.fvort, BttyMOtt^ W.
McKwaii, Jauio, Emj. -CO, l?uUot\d-)»ukt Xmthg^h U .
\|ii ; ., I .,;, RfrVthv of MtfifU v Fjannrf. A'-ifyufwr, Mmtrai.
ClSoakOnfflC I'uuwft, &4> Owni »f Tt >■(, , \V,' | W>l(A**M»iC'"6.^Br.
MeGngor, Dunoon, K*], rj,jdt-phr^, tf/najw,
•Mch.r. IT. 0*i Btq., ^iptrinUMUm o/ Chinctonn timtatkm Qotaommd,
KflflVflfc
McKerrcII, Robert, E*j. 45, Ir,i4rnea>-Urnieet W, ; unl Jfo-fitiut.
ii. -i. tt Oti . i:»<|. AM Jfottr i// f*t Ayof ymuwj juytwn, Ckhm
SAY.
McKwr, Clpt. John F, A„ M.
M'N#il, Th# Kijlil Hon. Sir John, ci.c.n. flfanfoH, n«r AtfinAtutyJh,
M*o*inUy, John, F^q., J.r., M.I.O.L., Chief Engincu- atxl Itupcctor of MaoU-
mtf, 1 1 '■'. Dm) ... i. ... i Sumr* to t*>« F'on, BomUr. 13, ±V**-
Irrr oar, I'bij/fiiiii'+vttd.
MoiUona, C«. Gamrnio, rVj, Sio<ow-A«iw, Wfotftty, Oscn.
•M:i!oi. Bkbnd Barf, Enq., f.»,a. JJrrtuA Jfuwuw, W.C.
iiyoM^lby, John \V*U«r, E»j. 13, AVcAmortcf-n/Au, SflwwiiW-"/., !lo!fowyf .V,
•Mult). Tlioittaj, K»|. .', /'i. K-\UUit, fcicn*ittcu'+vid, Ifvlfovay. -V.
•Malcolm, Gipl, BdmN l>on*H, R.X. Cki6Vj»i.
Malcolm, Ju.. Eiq. 22, rnncfi^ate. Kityhtsbrfd'je. W.
•M*U>.:( ., V. I.., IV^ Itur»f,><>t, IsrmjUlme, n*ar CWWfc
•Mftll-t. Onto, B#q. i<ui/rt (V//i<.v. H' -'. ; .uu/ llelmoht, /fanp*twJt N.W.
•Mnaohe-liir, Kl. lUnr. Jam«a Priaca L#». Bwhop of, ».RJ., &o. j1('m«wim
CArt,5.H'.; and I <\ St*noh«9t<r.
Mmd, J>mM Akt'ii. r.. i q , »,k.»a A'maingttr^p-it'irr, \\ .
M«it, Uabort J«m«t E^., M.D. 12, flwgiVwtfj ftftnid, W.C.
Muii . i , r.«-A. JwjuiiwrLMTxid, Cmydrm.
uSoMiiiiolnf, Prtiti •■ fiyon'foty*, lewmngtoH ; and 8, A>(yr^f/y*C, W^,
•Mawll, Cnoimaodw A I., //. V.5. • Rydri;' care of th4 tl>jt '■■■•
vffict. Admiralty, S. W.
Mulell» WtlUr lVtUuck Duron I, E*q. ffW/iVv/ton, ^nr Zealand, Oirs t< i*.
Stanford, Etq,
Muitl^t 1'iof. A!]>hoM*( h.a. V7, 5i. 8lcpKehU+j*ai-c, &>y**utr, W.
Royal Geographical Society. liii
i
Tartf
1830
1854
1857
1864
1857
1862
1854
1862
1859
1857
1867
1357
1861
I860
1862
1867
1865
1845
1856
1860
1855
1858
1861
1867
1862
1858
1867
1863
1862
1860
1865
1854
1338
1863
•Marjoribanka, Edward, Esq. 34, Wbnpole-strset, W.
Markham, Clements Robert, Esq. India Office, S. W. ; and 2 1 , EcclesUm+q. S. W.
Marlborough, George, Duke of. Blenheim, Woodstock. Care of E.Stanford, Esq.
Marsden, Rer. Canon J. H. Higher Broughton, Manchester.
Marsh, Matthew Henry, Esq., H.P. Oxford and Cambridge Club, 8.W.; and
41, Rutland-gate, S.W.
Marshall, Capt J. G. Don. 46, Gloucester-square, Hyde-park, W.
i29oMarshall, Jas. Garth, Eaq. Eeadingley,nr. Leeds; and Monk Coniston, Ambleside.
Marshall, William, Eaq. 4, Paper-buildings, Inner Temple, E.C.
•Maraham, the Hon. Robert. The Mote, Maidstone, Kent.
Marshman, J. C, Esq. 7, Kensington-paiace-gardens, W,
Marthin, Guillermo E. de, Con.-General United States of Columbia. 13, Bess-
borough-street, Pimlico, S. W.
Martin, Francis P. B., Esq.
Martin, Henry, Esq. Sussex-house, Highbury-new-park, N.
•Martin, Richard Biddulph, Esq. Clarewood, Bickley, S.E.
Martin, Thomas, Esq. 5, Compton-terrace, N.
Martin, Wm., Esq. 37, Cleveland-square, PaddingUm, W.
X30oMasaiTon, Wm. R., Esq.
•Mathoson, Sir James, Bart., M.P., r.R.8. 13, Cleveland-row, S.W.; and
Achany, Bonar-bridge, Sutherlandshire, $c.
Mathieson, James Ewiog, Esq. 77, Lombard-street, E.C; and 16, Queen's-
gardens, Bayswater, W.
•Maxwell, Sir William [Stirling, Bart.* *LP. 128, Park-street, Grosvenor-
square, W.
May, Daniel John, Esq., r.n. Cape of Good Hope. Care of Case and Loudensack.
Mayer, Joseph, Esq., T&.k. 68, Lord-street, Liverpool.
Mayers, William S. F., Esq., Interpreter to H.M. Consulate. Shanghai. Care of
F. J. Angier, Esq., 12, George-yard, Lombard-street, E.C.
Mayhew, Rer. Samuel Martin. 158, New Kent-road, 8.
Mayne, Captain Richard Charles, RJJ. H.M.S. 'Eclipse;' and 80, Chester-
square, S. W.
Mayo, Capt John Pole. Army and Navy Club, S. W.
ijioMayson, John S., Esq. (J. P. for county of Lancashire). OakhiU, Phllowfield,
near Manchester.
Meade, the Hon. Robert Henry. Foreign Office, S. W. ; and 3, Belgrave-sq. S. W.
•Medlycott, Lieut. Mervyn B., BJT. Care of Messrs. Woodhead.
•Mdnertehagen, Daniel, Esq. 10, M oorgate-street, E.C; and 28, Devonshire-
place, Portland-place, W.
Meller, Charles James, Esq., M.D. 48, Queen Anne-street, Cavendish-square, W.
Melrill, Col. Sir Peter Melrill, Mil. Sec. to the Bombay Gov. 27, Palmeira-
square, Brighton.
Melrill, Philip, Esq., imuaj. Ethy-home, Lostwithsel, Cornwall.
Mercier, Rer. J. J. Hanwell, W.
lit
List of Fellow of tte
1S42
1800
I ■
1W7
1M5
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1883
J 648
1853
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t H | mfSff, PTotfawnw Ifrrtflg, H .
Mw-if. A., i\«\, /TancwA, n^«r F«wtf? Semtnti.
fJMMpbnlfr, Kr*1»ric Mnmhmup, E|q I: i .•l.jn/.irt,
•MmWmikIi, Jol.n Ch.u. On,. KaiI of. I'.. .i«i Jfe£Mry-
twar £««b.
' fj CWImmJ J. I-:., ilu.a- SywortW«t?p. lt<rcUttf.
M"li<-:i, 'Hi I -.,. St, feU^liti/y,
•Mki>i<, A.,. \M**J\imt,$*C.
HMdlctad, i: ..- \it I :(;•;.:.. D Dnrt., RM& ' Bt*>; SUovmn **i
tiro tk.
UUdtBifrl v ii it tSLJohn(RWi BripUe). Il>. tturlcNtavS, Stobky
: t/'t^t^ihcc. Wm
Win. Rcr. R. Sty* -m, Jfoffc
IjjoMillcr. OeMpT., E»q. 59, Ptrtfutytaot, V.
•\t.ll.. COOOBI "■:«■' B / Ujt&W, n.». VA# Grvn, I'ntf* < «rf Jttwr
PnOftt AvWm £/«&, A IT.
•Mlllir.Cipt-Tfco. ,.:.* aW^/.i/r,> r^;' 1 1 1 r*ifAl Sm**«.», AIT.
Millicu, J<*»ph, K*j, 15, .YoriAumirr/an^f/w/, Rr.C,
Mill«, AKfaor, Bif, :■;*. Byd+parkftrtim*, w .
•Hills Joliu U., 1U.J., u,r. )Jfttj|WP*frfa PI '4k
Mi lU, BfT. Jabft. *0, /i«l'if :/,--,-,;,(,,•. ,\ .
•Mil'-on, Vucooat, M.r, 4, Gnuvrnar-^ju^f, W,
Mllm.il!, I -pi. Kr.rard. MuJ.-at Mono Artillery. 0, iWhstiy+f***, IK
I I .... ViicAdml. Sir A!<*., (M CUM &r*A» Cft*ft, & IV.
ijAoMilif :-. ::•> .!• to, i I ' ■■ pi A •■ I '
fill ..,.<•.!: UmadlTalUri 0, tfr*tf 8Ujnhvp4-9irr<t, /WWnw. IV.
•M,i-.l.«ll.(i*nrc., K«j. 39, **/(«••*&*<*, ftt— ff%, IV.
bdt J, Wt bq. J/flwgUW, H'mcUoum. .ft'rft*.
IflrtJj Thorn.*, b^ c.rc, O/Aan.
Ultdi ■■11. >i V.illuun. «. //yJtysrJ-jafe, fouinjtonyon, W.
UlfatilL, Wm. H., ICa^. Jtafcr DMfM CW, AH'.
j. !>., Cm|. 35, QltMtcntcr-ptiKc. iW«uw/i»r, 11".
Mo (Tilt, Oeorgr, Ki-j., M.r. 105, ifufon-frjii'irc', ■ . R
KofflM, AleiAiidur Kullerton, Btq. 10, LwuAjvnt'ttrrMee, irdtiyW. W.
■ t. Owrjp Utnry. 9, UtrktUy-sUett. Wm
•Montagu, Major YTHloujhb; . • onunvm, A
•Mootagoa, Oft B«1M. 54, CL*f*Utrut, }>*rk~kmr. \\ .
•Moaldloft, Sir Movj, But. r.»J., r.n.iLX.*. 1. OrwMn*^aCs, FarMmt
MwigomprK r, Bathr, I |. ^ arafew^w, ^(. /!*««•#, .. r
Royal Geographical Society, Iv
1S59
1860
1865
1839
1861
1857
1863
1861
1857
1863
1864
1861
1861
1866
1839
1866
1863
1867
1865
1861
1858
1858
1862
1855
1867
1866
1866
1859
1830
1864
1830
Montgomery, Capt. T. G., Eagre., 1st Assist. Trig. Survey. Care of Messrs.
Alexander Fletcher # Co., 10, Kina's-arms-yard, Moorgate-street, E.C.
Montgomery, Robert Mortimer, Esq. 16, Ulster-place, BegenVs-park, N.W.
Montgomery. Sir Robert, K.C.D. 7, Cornwall-gardens, Queen's-gate, W.
Moody, General R. C, R.E. Caynham-house, near Ludlow, Shropshire.
Moon, Rer. Edward Graham. Fetcham, Storey.
i36o*Moor, Rer. Allen P., M.A., f.r.aj. Sub-Warden St. Augustine College,
Canterbury.
Moore, H. Byron, Esq. Survey Office, Melbourne, Australia. Care of Mr.
WadcSOn, 100, St. Martin's- lane.
Moore, John Carrick, Esq. Corswall, Wigtonshire ; Geological Society, W.C. ;
and 23, Boltm-etreet, W.
Moore, Major-General W. Y. United Service Club, S. W.
More, B, Jasper, Esq., *.P. Linley-haU, Salop.
Morgan, D. I.., Esq. H.M.S. * Euryaha.'
Morgan, Junius Spencer, Esq. 13, Prince* $~gate, Hyde-park, S. W.
Morgan, William, Esq., EJf. 1, Sussex-place, Southsea, Bants.
Morland, Lieut Henry, late L». Assistant Dockmaster, .Jr., Bombay.
•Morris, Charlea, Esq. University Club, S. W.
13 7o*Morris, Herbert Henry, Esq., B.A. (late) Oxford ; Bengal Civil Service. 6,
Clarence-parade, Southsea, Hants ; and Middle-temple, E.C.
Morrison, Col. J. D. 7, Albemarle-street, W.
Morrison, Pearson, Esq. 30, Cornhilt, E.C.
Moraon, T., Esq. 124, Southampton-row, Russell-square, W.C.
*Mouat, Frederick J., Esq., m.d., Surgeon-Major and Inspector-General of Prisons,
Bengal Army, &c Athenaum Club, S. W. ; and 45, Arundel-gardens, Notting-
hiU, W. Care of Messrs. A. C. Lepage # Co., 1, Whitefriart-st, Fleet-st., E.C.
Modie, Charles Edward, Esq.
Mueller, Ferdinand, Esq., m.d., ph. dr. Director of the Botanical Gardens,
Melbourne. Care of Messrs. Dulau and Co., 37, Soho-square, W.
Mair, Francis, Esq., LL.D.
Muir, Thomas, Esq. 24, York-terrace, Regents-park, N.W.
•Mair, Thomas, Esq., Jun. Madeira ; and 24, York-terrace, Regents-park, N. W.
ijBoMundella, A. J., Esq. Nottingham.
•Murchison, John H„ Esq. Surbiton-hiB, Kingston-on-Thames ; and Junior
Carlton Club, S. W.
Murchison, Kenneth R,, Esq. Manor-house, Bathford, Bath.
•Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey, Bt,K.c.a,G.c.8T.A., H.A., d.cl., v.p.B.8.,a.s.,
and l.s., Director-General of the Geological Surrey of Great Britain and Ire-
land, Trust. Brit Mus., Hon. Mem. R.S. of Ed., R.I.A., Mem. Acad. St Peters-
burg, Berlin, Stockholm, Brussels, and Copenhagen, Corr. Ins. Fr., etc. etc.
16, Belgrave-sguare, S.W. ; and 28, Jermyn-street, S.W.
MoxcbJaon, Capt. R. M. Bath.
•Mnrdock, Thomas W. C, Esq. 8, Park-street, Westminster, S.W.; and
Bner-bank, Putney, S.W.
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• H imyr Jwn«, feg, J'wjn £'^«\ R IV.
Muiiii, Julin, Bbq. 50, Alban<srlc-*ltvct, VI'.; Ml AVvitW, IVimft/n/un, 5, ?>*.
ny, Lr.M'., 980i Bag. N li'f., Topo. Ai»itt. U. trig. Sum ejr. MuK*ri*.
Imt*M, M*m*. S'hUa, RI&tt and Co.
rjfoMuuy, II. O. d*? F*)., a.n. 4, C>jrtndtatt-ptoe, IV.
I Mb I'. A., bq. fc OwMfll, Camhrrwtt, &
tflffOfc M«i. -Enteral Geo. Thomw Counllv, c.n. s/un.CA*W*f&rT*w CM.S.TV.
Oinr [./ ft- /, KxrMmd.
Xnptvr, Williim, KVj. ''vJiome, /• ■
•Nnwiiylli, <*|>t, Uiviu J., l»t AmuU Tul'uuuiih-. | , Dhwj, /ftnnfay;
I hUofirwt. SdtnbHrgh,
y«n%. fa kv4D%br>Bvt TVflw/WCM, &W.J TB.IWrtiMMfWW,
•Nv*l»l!, Ilrnry. M]« B, 7**4 T*rro«, SoufA Hackney, SJL
KcvdJfatei i I il (Mi butfj w. (flirt itrtl— (iu»r<J»). Cure </ OJ. E.
■ , .fuufdJff Adj</i>int'Gri\*r%\l9 Mdctahot -'"*p.
Newman, Ttmmiu ItoliUu-oitli, 1^. 43, (?/w*-«r>/vr\ (ifomnor <»yi«nr» W.
Niwl, Jm» EX. bq* ".I1. 13, UyJt^jark'UmKt, CmlnrUmd^aU, W.
J4©e*Niclioljf Robo.-t C, Em|. 5, U«iMvmc./-<irA-f/cicv, W*.
NicJiuUm, Sir Clurln, IiniU, l».e.L„ Cbaacdlor uf tlic UuiTniltr.tydiMr. S$,
Oeumshir&ylticv, J'orltiivt-pt ..
KImUoo, KwA-invv*) UrFnMA Wm, Erakine, Jl«it. 10, OTWmmI«mI,
/.o icn./ t»-#juxrc.
Niwm. H. A., PQ. Mark-lane, K.C.
Nil, Join "I., bq> 77, £vin"»anJ.iirrclt £.C.
Kort, the Hon. RuUn. II, CAandoi-^wf. Ctttuiiih-tquare, W.; on*
■r.-M/, Ofllftm, JMtmuUMe*.
•Kolli-'ii, c.t|.r.t.i. Ibtdm 8q R.». //■*•'> g . Hat Servic* Cf«6, 5. II".
<dk/ .Sf. l/irry'j-cnl/*y/, I'sckUtvn, fi'trrry, ,V.H.
Korniim, H. J., Kiq. 10(1, J*meAiire/^*r'-^.(. K(7.
Norm, H«ty. 11- "/ifftr.ATV.; a*W «. I.itlUSt.Jamei'+Hrtet, S H
Nonli, AlC.v), Kxj. 30, JBoyai lorA^rewcn/, CT^Am, /!nj0o&
:li, Krolorlc, twj. 3, iWflrte^Wrf, r<nJtco> S.W.: and Hasttof+lodgt,
HiUtl/LJM.
NoilliuiuU-ikutl, Alifarnon Owrffn, Puke of, AV»rMum/rfvAm'/-At'U«, tf.IV,
NaCBBtg H*nrjr Wilkoi, r^q. 7. (ir/,if MarQwmyK'Strtttt \\\
Nuarae, llcwy, Eiq. ConKnjofiW OV«( £ it |
. [v.Danwr.E*!. OmiatdktrkJnU, rorbMrt.
a'filta, JtmM, K«|. 109, Jt^ra*^ro«l, An»A», ff. VT. ,- «uT Ckrtf ,
O'CallMgiiaii, Clua,, &i|.( Stuff Surgeon. KUkirnty. Jniant.
T— ml
1856
1858
1863
1864
1859
1861
1855
1861
1866
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1838
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1852
1855
1860
1844
1867
1865
1846
1861
1853
1855
1865
1862
1838
1885
1863
18G4
Boyal Geographical Society. Ivii
O'Connor, Major- General Lake Smyth, c. b., late Governor of the Gambia. US.
Club, S.W.
Ogilvie, Edward D., Esq. Tulgillar, Clarence-river, New South Wales. Care
of Messrs. Marryat and Sons, Laurence Povntney-lane, E.C.
OgiWy, CoL Thos. 23, Graftonst^ Piccadilly W; and Ruthven, ForfarsK, N.B.
X43o0giI?T, Thos., Esq. 62, Princes-gate, Hyde-park, W.
Ogle, John W., Esq., H.D. 13, Upper Brook-street, W.
Oldershaw, Capt. Robert Piggott 74, Warwick-square, BcLjraze-road, S. W.
OUphant, Laurence, Esq., m.p. Athenaum Club, S.W.
Oliphant-Ferguson, G. H., Esq. Broad field-house, Carlisle.
Oliver, Lient S. P., 12th Brigade B.A. 1, Buckingham-villas, Brockhurtt-
road, Oosport, Hants.
•Ommanney, Adml. Erasmus, c.b., f.r.a.s. 6, Talipot-square, Hyde-park, W. ;
and United Service Club, S.W.
•Ommanney, H. M„ Esq. Blackheath, SJ1.
O'Befly, E., Esq.
Osborn,SlrGeorge R., Bart. Travellers' Club, S. W.; and Chicksand-priory, Beds.
X43oOsborn, Samuel, Esq., m.d. 19, Manor-terrace, Brixton, S.
Ofborn, Capt. Sherard, R.N., C.B., Officier de Legion d'Honnear, etc. Athe-
naum Club, S.W. ; ami 119, Gloucester-terrace, W,
Osborne, Lieut-Col. Willoughby. Political Agent, Bhopal, Schira, India.
(Well, William Cotton, Esq.
Otway, Arthur John, Esq., jc.r. Army and Navy Club, S, W.
•Ouvry-North, the Rer. J. East Acton, Middlesex, W.
•Overstone, Samuel, Lord, sf.A., m.b.i. 2, Car Hon- gardens, S.W.f and
Wickham-park, Surrey,
Owen, Cbas, Lanyon, Esq. (Lieut, and Adj. R. 11. Light Inf., Portsmouth
Division). Qlendowan-lodge, Bury-road, Oosport.
Owen, H. Burnard, Esq.
•Oxford, Rt Rev. Samoel Wilberforce, Bishop of, f.ra, F.S.A. 26, Pall-mall,
S. W. ; Cuddesden-palace, Wheatley, Oxfordshire ; and Lavington, Sussex.
i44oPage, Thomas, Esq., ex., F.GA 3, Adelphi-terrace, W.C.; and Tower Cressy,
Aubrey-road, Bayswater, W.
Palrington, Right Hon. Sir John Somerset, Bart., M.P. 41, Eaton-square,
8. W. ; and Westwood-park, Droitwich, Worcestershire.
Palmer, Major Edm., B.A. Boxhiil, Pennycross, Plymouth.
•Palmer, Commander George, R.N. II. M.S. 'Bosario,' Australia; and Cavers,
Hawick, Roxbwgshire, N.B.
Palmer, Ber. Jordan, u. A., fj.a., Chaplain to St Ann's Royal Society. Streatham£.
•Palmer, Samuel, Esq.
•Papengonth, Oswald C, Esq., C.E. 46, RusseU-square'W.C.
•Paris, H.R.H. Le Comte de. Claremont.
Pariah, Capt. A. Chislehvnt, Kent.
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Piuk»i ttcUO.8, Sitfvrd ZarnKb. Mancfmitr.
l'. ., I'k). tf, IW'trolt^Wwl, AVwiM^fo*./".
Parker. Robtit Dome. Ajq. CUM CM, &M'. j a . Ometrfriry.
Pur) u, -to. OMaJ CW>, IV. ; and Jitvnmm C% .
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Pcirwn, Fr.vl.. F.vi[. 13. QtmtlmtlQlili, W.
•PwkoTC. fflrtttot,
• P«kt Henry WOIiim, bft. WuiJMoihham, F. W.
1VI, ArrluUU, K*q. H ',&«.
u;oP«l, Mr Btvcrt, Uwt* M.r. 4, WftOftUtylrflVar, S.W.; aU /Vnyfca-
manor, T.mtirwrfA.
"r.mn:i'. 0m bofeo DoucUh E»q. /ViwAawotitff/tf, Bailor.
•I'.i I .-, S. Donght. IJttifh>j,i.caiU*t JAity«ry ^ . .
Percy, Mnjur-<i»orml tIipUuii,I.orl lN-niy M.(GfaarJi). AtrtA
Pitt :iueiwo K., Km}, CVir# o/ Aftan, ffrAirdion, I",
■>, Aaouli Kmj., l»t* Boa. I ..Ia*. ■'., Bombay, nut* r.x.s„ hjj.a.,
/and Jh-hcler+tow. Wat Dulvich, B.
Porkin*. P«.l<irtok, Kiq. J^»»^»- of £i*>U>jmj>toru
Pvrkliu, WllIiMiu, E»q. Aofiuw, J'., Matt, rrtjr o/ W*. Belief, i"*;.
P«rrr, Sir Ei»ki»o, MoraW ImiUn Coi.rii.-il. K<*, L'nh>»-j<h <-> S\ \V. f
Cttfj . Wllte, Kmj.. H.Il.M.\ OODial, Pmrai. >4Menimn C»,
Tckr, Jolin, E»q.
ivtlinia. J-lm, K»v /ferUry^n.Titaaus.
Hto, Sir N. U'iftou, Birt., M.r. IS, J^'^^aiH^^ton-pal,^t*•Jur^i#M, W.
nider S., K*i- 4. SI. Hart'*. .r
Petofe, Captain Mania, 1 4tb B^taut giwwfctf>, A««yfc*THri.r.
Royal Geographical Society. iix
T«r«f,
Pharuyn, Robert, Esq. Wellington, New Zealand.
Phayre, Col. Sir Arthur. East India United Service Club, S.W.
Phelp«, William, Esq. 18, Montagu-place, Russell-square, W.C.
l49oPhen6( John Samuel, Esq. 34, Oakley-street, Chelsea, S. W.
Philip, George, Esq. 32, Fleet-street, E.C.
Philippe, Edward B., Esq. 105, OnsUnc -square, S. W.
Phillimore, Capt. Augustus, b.n. 25, Upper Berkeley-st^ TV. ; and UJ3. Club,
S.W.
Phillimore, Chas. Bagot, Esq. India Office, S. W.; and 25, Upper Berkeley-st^ W.
Phillimore, Sir Robert. 5, Arlington-street, S. W.
Phillimore, Wm. Brough, Esq., late Capt. Grenadier Guards. 5, John-street,
Berkeley-square, W.
•Phillipps, Sir Thomas, Bart., M.A., F.RA, p.S.a. Middle-hilly Broadioay,
Worcestershire,
Phillips, Major-General Sir B. Travel]. United Service Club, S. W.
Phillips, John, Esq., Solicitor. Hastings.
l500*Pigoo, F. A. P., Esq. Dartford, Kent.
Pigou, Rct. F., sc.a. 14, Suffolk-street, Pall-mall East, S.W.
Pike, Frederick, Esq. 44, Charing-cross, S. W.
•Pike, Commander John W., R.y. 26, Old Burlington-street, W. ; Junior United
Service Club, S. W.
Pilkington, James, Esq. Reform Club, S. W. ; and Blackburn.
•Pim, Commander Bedford C. T., R.N. Belsire-square, Hampstead, N.W.;
and Senior and Junior United Service Club, S. W.
Pincott, James, Esq. Telham-kouse-school, Brixton-hill, S.
Pinney, Colonel William. 30, Berkeley-square , W.
Plant, Nathaniel, Esq. Hotel Exchange, Rio de Janeiro ; and Da Montfort-
house, Leicester.
Player, John, Esq. 36, George-street, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
J5IoPlayfair, Lieul.-Col. Robert Lambert. H.B.M. Con sal-General, Algiers. Cart
of E. Hertslet, Esq., Forcigti-office.
Plowden, Charles, C, Esq. 15, York-street, Portman-square, W.
•Plowea, John Henry, Esq. 39, York-terrace, Regents-park, N. W,
•Polleifen, Capt. J. J. India.
•Pollingtoo, Jno. Horace, Viscount. 33, Dover-street, W.
Pollock, General Sir George, O.C.B. Clapham-common, Surrey, S.
•Ponsonby, Hon. Frederick G. B. 3, Mount-street, Grosvenor-square, W.
Pook, Captain John. 6, Colfe's-villas, Lewisham-hill, S.E.
Pope, Captain Wm. Agnew. 52, Charles-street, Berkeley-square, W.
•Porcher, Commander Edwin A., R.N. 50, Montagu-square, IV.
i5JoPorter, Edwd., Esq. At/ienamm Club, S.W.; and 26, Suffolk-street, Pall'
mall, 8. W.
Portugal, Cher. Joaquim de. 11, South-terrace, Grosvcnor-park, Cambencctl, S.
Potter, Wm. Henry, Esq. Dunsden-lodge, Souming, near Reading.
1866
1867
1854
1862
1860
1865
1857
1859
1863
1860
1830
1854
1856
1864
1865
1861
1852
1855
1851
1858
1859
1867
1865
1860
1866
1856
1855
1866
1853
1835
1860
1857
1863
1853
1864
1867
|2
List of Fellows of the
natitm,
1
1862
IH*4
1830
1834
IBM
1884
J 804
1884
1332
IVtt
1RS5
I9M
ISM
i-..;
i to*
1882
I860
1857
1807
1881
1302
1854
tm
1262
18tt
nor
1841
IM1
•I'oumta), Oipulo LoBKlnlf. Jmtur United Service CM, S.W.; <mf Mtmm
Tornh, Rot. John F . »■■». tlf IMh|rfc4fv*4 W'.C.
•IV.wrtl. K iv, Kin,., Ml-. I, CiuJM-uljt-ttfUvv. Hvdt-fnrlt, W.
PuwiT, E. flaw dun, E«(. 3, Qwuirurii, ^/. LeVHa>tTi, £±elert />«viu
Pow#r, John. K*.j. S, (MUije-terraat, Ctmhnffye+M/f, Jf-nruwnntth,
Po»«r, Johu Arthur, E«u... M.A., L.M. Ztf, JJ*rtvn-crt90cnt> W.C.
Vtmje, Hen. C. J. F.
jjjoPuw>», tlu Huh. ).. i:.
I'owv*, Hum. L«">|wi1J. 17, M<mt-siji'~9lr<ei, >'«*««* •*/«*»«< It'.
1'rliT, Jnmok Gloiiic. K*q„ U«i:i»tci-«il-Uw. 14, Clement's- inn, 11".*'.
•IMclwtL Rtv. Tliemu WHIInin, w.i., r.«.4. 13, t;&voa/!-jariSe*$, <Jw*v»V
r.
• I'jincl-. A , bq, J'.oV. OM^ AT. &
Tlhltfj. Thomn Younjf, K*j. tieferm Club, S.W.
♦Pnn»*i>, Edw. Aii£. E*|„ u.CJ„ CoiamUiioiitr of SeltlwnKJli la lh* Punjab.
Btarttar. car* o/ a//**, fli - . mtf a>.v to, cvnAar, / i \
I'lMixp, Henry T., K#q, Little I/vllHft*Aou$et Kenstt> ,' ■ , II.
•Prtdfltr*, K«v. Edwin. The llectory, Ajjott St. J'eter'i. Ueris,
aiu/ JVaid/cti, jfltfffWTO # Wi
J54©»Pugrt, M«jor J. 8M /Tuwira, Mdenhot.
Puller, Arthur fill**, K«q. IflpMTI Otft A H*. ; Jrlfctfl &*, & IP.; ami
i'mmijubitry. Ware.
Purc.ll, Edwinl, K»q., IX.D. 3, Atate-Ailt, Crtenvioh, c\E.
Quiii, I-'nnci» ftnufort Wjadhani, Tj>\. TTu(on*«»cA-/«iaf, near Jfaritt
L'lWttvn, Blttp*
Quio, Lord <iwrjr/. IS, licljrare-MpHirt, .9. IV.
Quia, Joliu Tin*., tm\. Care tf Mr. ZO&tM, J J
•Qui.., M . ftrtrCWUMfrtfal 0tat,.41Kj a«<* 18, a/Wen-
t#£», AH>h*-rwl* hlintjton, X.
•I:*U4h U, r>raif]lf Augwtaa, Lord. 30, J3rymeton-a$u<ir#, II'.
*fhfc Jadm*. Kiq. 9% I'hiiUawn-gantena, Ktneington, W.
Bm, John, £•)., M.o, JtntwI.outf, Kir*+*U, 'Mney j €*! 4, AmW«
>t'<'ct, K.C.
i550KAlrlpli, Kn. A., d.d. Umift-Aouw, ;/ -;-ir*.
lUaiMT, Alci., Juu., bq, 43, XorhnJ'*/<uj/c, tfottmp&tO, R",
IbimHr, John, E«q. Atoy, JV.B.
•lI*ni*Ar, R^u-Adcniiol Wui., C.P., r.n.A.». /unior Unite J Screw Cl*b,S,W,
*ml 80, /tf«/ir-p/.jrtf, HUlifJL
•KiKtoJwi, Kiohanl, K^,, ».&. Can\f-hitl} Xime«t»*, Wdrviehkir*
Boyal Geographical Society. Ixi
1866
1864
1862
1859
1861
1846
1859
1865
1861
1844
1838
1866
1863
1865
1861
1858
1859
1866
1856
1857
1861
1861
1830
1866
1834
1864
1830
1861
1858
1867
1857
I860
1864
1859
1862
1865
1864
1864
Itamoai, Edwin, Esq. Kempetone, near Bedford.
Ranymrd, A. C., Esq. 13, Hunter-street, W.C.
Buck, P., Esq. 30, Cambridge-square, Hyde-park, W.
Rateliff, Charles, Esq., v&.k. National Club, S. W. ; Edgbaston, Birmingham ;
and Downing College, Cambridge.
Bate, Lacblan Macintosh, Esq. 9, South Audley-street, W.
X56oRaTenahaw, E. C, Esq., w.u.a.s. Oriental Club, W. ; and 36, Eaton-aq., W.
RaTenstein, Ernest G., Esq. Topographical Depdt, Spring-gardens, S. W.
Rawlinga, Thos., Esq. Hampton-villa, Pernor idge-place, Bayswater, W.
Rawlinaon, Sir Christopher. United University Club, S. W.
•Rawlinaon, Maj.-Geueral Sir Henry C, M.P., k.o.b., d.c.l., r.u.s. Athenaum
Club, 8.W.; andl. Bill-street, Berkeley-square, W.
Rawaou, ills Excellency Rawson Wm., G.B., Colonial Secretary. Bahamas.
Raj, W. II., Esq. Thorn-house, Ealing.
Reade, W. Winwoode, Esq. Conservative Club.
Redhead, R. Milne, Esq. Springfield, Seedley, Manchester ; Conservative Club,
S. W. ; and Junior Carlton Club, S. W.
•Reid, Darid, Esq. 95, Piccadilly, W.
X57oRees, L. E. R^ Esq. 43, Lime-street, B.C.
Reeve, John, Esq. Conservative Club, S. W.
•Rehden, George, Esq. 9, Great Tower-street, E.G.
Reid, Henry Stewart, Esq. Bengal Civil Service. Messrs. Smith, Elder and Co.
Reid, Lestock R., Esq. Athenaum Club, S. W. ; and 122, Westbourne-ter., W.
Reid, William, Esq* c.E. 27, Chalcot-villas, Havcrstock-hill, N. W.
Keillv-, Anthony Adams, Esq. Belmont, Multingar.
•Rennie, Sir John, C.E., r.njB., F.8.A. Care of — Bennie, Esq., Mitre-court-
chamben. Temple, W.C
•Rennie, John Keith, Esq., m.a. Camb. 56, Gloucester-terrace, Hyde-
park, W.
•Rennie, M. B., Esq., C.E. 22, Portmanstreet, Portman-square, W.
i58oRennle, W., Esq. 14, Hyde-park-square. W.
•Ren wick, Lieutenant, r.e.
Reuter, Julius, Esq. 1, Boyal ExcAange-buildings, E.G.
Reynardson, Henry Birch, Esq. Adwell, near Tetstcorth, Oxfordshire.
Rhodes, Arthur John, Esq. 1, Monmouth-road, Westbovnie-groze, Bays-
water, W.
Richards, Capt. George H., R.5. Hydrographer to the Admiralty, S. W.
Richards, the ReT. George, D.D.
Richardson, F., Esq. Park-lodge, Blaciheath-park.
Rickards, Edward Henry, Esq. 4, Connaught-place, Hyde-park, W.
Rfddell, Henry P. A. Bochanan, Esq. The Palace, Maidstone, Kent.
!59o*RideoQt, W. J., Esq. 12, Wellington-street, Strand, W.C.
Ridley, F. H., Esq. 19, Blomfield-road, Maida-hill, W.
Ridley, George, Esq, 2, Charles-street, Berkeley-sqwri, W.
had
Vm.-r
List of Ftltow* of the
1302
1890
ISM
i ;■■>
lset
IBM
1805
1W1
its .
I J ..
M.v.
E8S0
DM
1MO
11*5
1880
18 ..■
1804
■
IB60
♦I.'i !■>. M.ijor*G«n*nil « I I dmur, c.n., H M.B. Cooftil, ZoxtAor; <*U
. | i Tuft, M .
K*lij, Jiwrph 1>„ E*i. £*fer, oWrvy ; md Kfioyrx**, Smr^h W.
Rttfoal R«b« R«q, IVwiAom i'/«\ 0 B
', MciMingtwrobls >'■>■; IM
•Bob*, .M.j.-«;#Q«nl h*L 11... r. r.it. 0 ."'. CM, 5. W.; aW 5, Wr/.
Kubeit*. Arlliur, i;*n. QnnoiutJitooe, a. Ctt KtfU-r&id* 8JB.
l-l-M., «.\|l. K. W,,,^. A«dN>£MbM -.;«** 18, (*wl C\«»*«r-
iftnnKnhfrtx. R, \\.. feg, ti.a. TWrw/, 71*7»mf, Com-
Itot- -i! '■- , A. -ti,t, i:«j„ k.d. Jhntich, ii«r ^dAch,
ItnhnKon, l> Brwkl ;•...!., !!.K M.'.<'fir»iil. QMMA. AnttA, *W*r ami Ox
•Rob»rt»on, GrnKam Mcorr, E*q. 21, CVcrcWf-ifUdrr, Kyic-perk, W.
Kflhwftaan, R. B., Ejkj, &Jf.*4 I.+)-i\im. Toiiihanui, Aifun.
Rubiu\ Tlwunu T«le»linc, £^. KAMpCDtt^lfc TIatcbmk, Ditton, Liverpool*
RoWfuon, Albert, K*|., c.r_ Btftaj
•RoMiwou, Ilr*r-AJmirol CWImG. 12, Witf-iPiU-rW, Miitb-Affl. TT.
IMxhMQ, Litnt-Col. D. G., U.K., l)hw*U>r.<3tn. of" ■
i.*on, Op>. 3r1„ P*], . ■■■», foitfAwarA, &
1 6 1 QRnblnnvn , 1 1 . • ' . - 12, Uad*nh*ll-*trctt, XX\
KdUmq, Mr H*rcul«G. R. tfwcrw o/ tyfcft, if«r*. Burr. -
.vy-jfnMf.
Roliwoa, J, «., liq., i-jo-Scot* r.iui.A, Ju N*rJ, Ctyetl^rs, r.o^- I
MeioUrtS^W A«.*t"V" ft I'.vi-, A--. .*WA-4rrrn<Y, Iftuttnvy.
Ei f-.n«m, Mr, Strjoant. H, Ain/«-taiaA-iAiJ*, Tcrr.ph, A'X\; «iui ij, Jfa4>»-
<v<-,<-w "v. U'.i'.
I;. I j.i Ma LUat-CoL 5If John SUfplitu. But. Atototy-Aa//, Duntccr, TrtUiut ;
jfefttfrfl a..-.',..- PT.j ""' It'.A, /'i ' ' ;■ n
RobiuoD, Mo, Eiq. On </ <7*0. SU*U E*i* 80, OmAiV/, /T.C.
RnbtMfin, TIim. F turning, Ku|„ r.I^iL i», flWgmif If^ &MdA i'rtvj$-pmk%
AurrUy.
•BoUOMBi VV»ltcr l'.» Kh|,» CNDBBI0KK. 13, i^*4ni»^(roc<, for/nrnv
«7tura. W.
*Rod«], JnniM K-:
Roe, <**yt. Juo. ScpLiiuiu. SuiivyufOounnl. W. Au.tmlin. Sfrnrz, .^situ-sU,
Afmriel^fi . W.C.
lOioltoem, J.>)in T„ 1'.^. .1«, £cvJUto»^Mrat AW.
•Rog#t, pm« n ,i. i , « I'., ' i jw ywfftwfjrfimj, ft— ffijg, ir.c
Riinn, M. lUrmnn Tnn. -I, /.n^njl^n-puk'.j'jrdniM, W.
Huvkc, C»['l. W., rt \. I'ljrutota, Lymiffjtvft, /Am/a,
•KoM| »'><• n»e:ht Boo, MpOmi^ P I <.. i .. r. i( ri'j'tf-part-.j'rJn\r. W.; «ij
Royal Geographical Society. Ixiii
1861
1857
1864
1863
1867
1864
1862
1839
1864
1862
1863
1856
1861
1861
1860
1858
1830
1830
1860
1860
1857
1864
1852
1847
1857
1863
1863
1862
1863
1867
1845
1863
1861
Rose, Jm. Anderson, Esq. Wandsworth, Surrey, 8.W.; and 11, Salisbury-
street, W.C.
•Rom, Wm. A., Esq., Alderman. 63, Upper Thames-street, E.C.; and
Befions, Crawford.
Roes, B. R., Esq. Care of the Hudson-bay Company, Hudson-bay-house, Fen-
church-street, E.C.
Ross, Wm. Andrew, Esq. 7, Albemarle-street, W.
16 joRcftsiU:r, Wm., Esq. South London Working Men's College, CoUingvood-streettS.
•Rouodell, C S., Esq. 44, Piccadilly, W.
Ronpell, Robert Prtolo, Esq., m.a., Q.0. a5, Albany, W.
•Rous, Vioe-Admiral the Hon. Henry John. 13, Berkeley-square, W.
Routh, E. J„ Esq. St. Peter's College, Cambridge.
Rowe, Sir Joshua, CD., late Chief Justice of Jamaica. 10, Queen Annc~street,
Cavendish-square, W.
Rowley, Commr. C, R.N. 48, Onslow-square, Brompton, S. W.
Rocker, J. Anthony, Esq. Blachheath, S.L\
•Rombold, Charles James Augustus, Esq. Downing College, Cambridge; and 5,
Percioal-terrace, Brighton.
Rombold, Thomas Henry, Esq.
i64oRnmley, Major-General Randall, Vice-President Council of Military Education.
12, Cadogan-place, 8. W.
•Rossell, Arthur John Edward, Esq., M.P. 2, AudUy-square, W.
•Russell, Jesse Watts, Esq., D.c.L„ F.RJ.
Rossell, John, Earl, p.rj. 37, Chesham-place, S. W. ; Pembroke-lodge, Rich-
mond, S. W. ,* Endsleigh-ho., Devon ; and Gart-ho., near Callandar, N.B.
Rossell, Wm. Howard, Esq., LL.D.
Ratherford, John, Esq. 2, Cavendish-place, Cavendish-square, W.
•Ryder, Admiral, Alfred P. U. 8. Club, S. W. ; and Launde-abbey, Uppingham.
Ryder, G., Esq. 10, King's Bench-walk, Temple, E.C.
Sabine, Major-General Edw.,R.a., Pres. r.s.,f.r.a.s., &c. Sec 13, Ashley-place,
Victoria-street, Westminster, S. W. ; and Woolwich, S.E.
St. Asaph, Rt Rer. Thos.Vowler Short, Bishop of. Palace, St. Asaph, jf. Wales.
1 65QSL David's, Connop Thirl wall. Bishop of. Abergwlly-palace, Carmarthen.
St George, Maj.-Gen. J. 17, Rutland-gate, S. W.
St John R. H. St. Andrew, Esq., 60th Rifles.
St John, Spenser, Esq., Charge d'Anaim, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 25. Qrove-end-
road, St. John's-wood, N. W.
Sale, Lieut M. T, R.E. The Crescent, Rugby ; and Cherrapoonjee, Bengal.
Salkeld, Colonel J. C. (H.M.I. Forces). 29, St. James' s-street, S.W.
•Salomons, David, Esq., 11. p., Alderman, f.r.a.8. 26, Great Cumberland-place,
Hyde-park, W. j and Broom-hill, near Tunbridge-wells.
•Salt Henry, Esq. 29, Gordon-square, W.C.
Salting, William Sararin, Eaq. 24, St. Jama's-strcet, S.W.
Ixiv
LiUofFdlcwtoftfa
>ticf
1861
ISC7
:m
1WS
18130
1«C3
1882
LSCti
(664
1663
ik:im
1861
i mm;
1*89
18(11
Uflft
1866
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1867
1830
Mi
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1865
1858
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11^3
iGGtSwrfenwo, 1*tM Otarcd Eaq., Gt»Ar»aV*4o«j*, PkmHily, W. ; <m1 S Atoka*
tfrftrf, IlyJofMMi.,
Konford. Major Hmary AyiMbrd. 20, Chnttr+twt, (.'rwwwrfiif*, W. ; imot
-Vy«/K»*(/-o/»*f, WfUittijtMtt Somernt,
Stab* tl Gbc?.0, AQf, U, Ghmcmur-ptocr. /'ortm/m.ftpwre, W.
£u«), Licul-0»lan<J )[, A., 17th Un«r*. Army *»t tfavy 014,8.1?^ ani
SKarvjhae,
Sftrjool, F. J., K^q. Uooyatt-rtrteMttmi-jf, K.C.
Sutwfc., Alfr*J, £*].
Sjumu^f, i".|.i-».i, ri.i;.mai, ax. TV r\*i,J*my.
Sauiulci* Jaum H., L*j. 9, /VfiftVury-ofrnii ,• and <?i-»rifl» >L, 4*fipUfcrtA,&g.
taffte, A.lwiral K. ftilrtjllH ft W.
Swjer, Cvl. diaries OUi DttgMfl Guard*. 50, 6W*w-^Mir<, /W^/s^otr*,
r(7oJt«jvrtC*|>Uln Frederick. Gihr>Jtar ; <iH<f Jf-inor-AouM, A'taAtiMif, i>'.
. an] tl»- Hon. Mr J. Tork», K.C.B. forfjirK^iiA.
Seheolc?, Bdward W. II., Bo* II. Mufeftf* ft i\.
.Scott. Llorfl. bq. S, BtumfirtS.CTcxxHl, Wtatboitrncicrraic, If.
Suit, Urd llfnry, »,F. 3, TJney-itrtet, WJ«f>r, ffi
'Suit, HurcnUs K*|. Hmthirtm, ntar Jfontrote. iV.fl.
Sooti, Admiral St Junta, K.O.D. (Ah'lftf &r*fe# CMt S. W.
Jtiba, I i. *.o.
SooTtll, *7tftrp>« ?*V 3*» 0«ft»«i»ry/«iM, £. IP.
Saarighl, Jnm«s Eftj. 80, taiWJKter* gate . W\
i68tSe*U.ut OdL Uie Kight Hod. Unl. I> 5, .4/ortnj,, W.
•Sadgwlck, til* K«r. A., Woodw»nllan UoteHT, «.#., K.R.8. JiAmunem CraA.
& W. ; ■"•* C,m,'.>i./;y.
SesDKon, Derthokl, Sty, rn. «»R.. r.t.,», 57, H7ndW.*W» ift?fc*rj, Jt
Sandilt, Waltac T., Eaq., lni(»cldr of SchooU id Cay Ion. Cctembo, CW So-r*»
, ft W.
Snminbr, Kdwln. E*q. 49, lltvok*tmt, Gravmor+qwrt, W.
■ScrocoU, Oiarlct t\ K>|. Jtrr*try, Lvjwrpoivi 4U*H, S.C,
Sarin, Chailc*. K»). IAS, Fenahwcb'Str*et* S.C
Scwcll, H«orj, K*j. 15, Ci7>lArt«M»wl, 7V^wor(*«-#ftwff f.^.y
SUmfmUtll, -V.
S*ymocir, Alfr*<J. K»^., M.y. 47. ^"afon-t^K.ir^, K H'.
£c7QMmr, Qeor^r, C»q. 12, 5«/#pj-*/wfrr, K>nk-parkt W.
^^"Vywour, Admlnl Sir <7*o. F., ten., ao.ii. US, »<ir.«n-*;u»y, ^. n'
]'«nl.», BtVfXX, 30, CJrpftr <7ro*iw.#fr<vft «T,/ Kmb**
•>h*lw.ll, CapUiu Chwl*. f. A^ Bjf,f CO. Aoyai JTtfw/ /A^»!o', &PMa>
•Sh«dwdl, Lleut-Colooftl Uwwiic*.
Royal Geographical Society. lxv
1856
1866
1861
1861
1862
1861
1858
1846
1857
1861
1867
1861
1867
1860
1863
1857
1859
1858
1866
1662
1856
1865
1859
1859
1860
1853
1848
1866
1853
1864
1862
1861
1863
1866
•Share, James Morten, Esq., Rjr. SJLS. ■ St. George,' Portland, Dorsetstdre.
Sharp, Henry T., Esq. 102, Piccadilly, W.
Sharp, Peter, Eaq. Oukfeld, Ealing, W.
•Sfaarpe, William John, Esq. 1, Victoria-street, Westminster, S.W.; and
Norwood, Surrey, 8.
•Shaw, John, Eaq. FXnegand, Otago, New Zealand.
Sfaaw, John Ralph, Eaq. Arrowe-park, Birkenhead.
i70oShea, John, Esq, *.r>.. Surgeon R.H. 84, Blackfriar»-road, S.
Sheffield, George A. F. C, Earl of. 20, Portland-pl.t W.;andS/teffield-pk.,Sussex.
Shell, Major-Gen. Sir Justin, i.c.B. 13, Eaton-place, Belgrate-square, S. W.
Shephard, Chai. Douglas Esq., Snrg. R.N. B.MJ3. * Frederick William,' Foynes,
County Limerick.
Shepherd, Chas. Wm., Eaq., U.K., p.z.s. Trotterscliffe, Maidstone.
Shepherd, Rer. Edwd. John, at. a. Trottertcliffe, Kent ; and Athenaum Club, S. W.
Sherer, General Sir George Movie. 31, Inverness-road, Hyde-Park, W.
Sheridan, H. Brin&Iey, E»q., H.P. Bellefield-house, Parson tureen, Fulham, S. W.
Sheridan, Richd. B„ Esq., M.P. 48, Grosvenor-place, S. W.
Sherrin, Joseph Samnel, Esq., LL.D., ph. DR. Leyton-house, Ley ton-crescent,
Kentish-town, N.W.
i7lO*Sbenrill, Lt-CoLW.S., r.oj. Prof, of Surrey mg,Chil Engr. College, Calcutta ;
and Perth, N.B.
•Shipley, Conway M., Esq. Twyford Moors, Winchester j and Army and Navy
Club, S.W.
ShoD, Charlea, Eaq., c.E.
Showers, Lieut-Col Charles 3.
Shuttleworth, Sir J. P. Kay, Bart, 38, Gbucester-tquaie, W.; and
Gawthorp-hall, Burnley, Lancashire.
•SilTa, Frederic Esq. 12, Cleveland-square, Bayswater, W.
SUrer, the Rer. Fred., m,a., f.r,a.s. Norton-rectory , Market Drayton, Salop.
•Silver, Stephen Wm., Esq. 66, Cornhill, E.C. ; and Norwood -lodge. Lover
Norwood, 8.
Sim, John Coysgame, Esq. 13, James-street, Buckingham-gate, S.W.
Simmons, Edward R., Esq., Barrister-at-Law. 4, Hyde-park-gate, S.W.
i72o*Simmons, Colonel John L. A., R.E., C.8. H. B. M.'s Consul, Warsaw; United
Service Club, S.W.
Simons, Henry M., Esq. TyertaU-crescent, Wood-road, SydenhamJdll, S.E.
SimpUnson, Lieut. Francis G., R.W. 55, Victoria-street, Westminster, S. W.
Simpson, Frank, Eaq. 17, WhitehalUplace.
Simpson, Henry Bridgeman, Esq. 44, Upper Grosvenor-street, W
Simpson, James, Esq., C.E., f.g.b. 29, Great George-street, Westminster, S. W.
•Simpson, Win., Esq. 64, Lincoln' s-inn-fields, W.C.
•Sims, Richard Proctor, Esq., c.e. Malabar-hill, Bombay. Care of Messrs.
Smith, Elder, and Co.
Skelmersdale, Edward, Lord. Lattom-park, Ormskirk, Lancashire.
1858
V0L.XXXVU.
Ixvi
LUtofFdlGwofih*
■ Mt
1866
18C4
1663
18CI
1840
||0O
18W
18.M)
1807
1853
1857
1863
1801
18M
IttS
1853
1901
1001
1938
1857
1M1
1867
tau
1*37
MX
ISttt
1830
1808
1800
184ft
mo
Sktaner. John t. II.. Kmj. 3. IV. Johnson' +t#t<Mr.gs. Ttmpk- 1X5
J7|o$krfUitt4k,lUr>n A„Ll*uUoutorth« Auntriu Hvy. Math* Aotidimy,
AmkU. Care of /'. En$<Vk<utli, £•/., 0, Sti/Xcr+yiKirc, A\C.
Sinn*. Hy. I>., E«q. irhrfr^A-mtmor, haw flj/A.
Sirica, Rct. Edward Hour Maiuwurinjc. .A/fori, war Murttorovgh, 1W.V*.
HDgQ, (1. J. Brown*, Marquis (A 14, \fat\»fitld*tr*4t, W.t a%d Wait
<Vwi/y .V.n/o.
Sraedlfj, Jo**fb V., E«(,, *.*. Offortfmd Gaw&rutjc Ci\J>. S.W.
ill, Anpudu lUnry, Kaf. MttfanMuKu*, HuilitfonL
*&nitli-lSoMi><i'i*i, H«'i,wf» Emj. UrojAournf-botvugh, /faiJcafas,
•i.nth, DriimraonJ, E*|. ?, Jfount-riwt, B*rkcUy*ip*irtt W.
ill, Kilwnrtl, Eu], FTOicOam CVa ftWi
Smith, Frwlorlnk, E^. The Priory, Dudley.
1 74eSmltli, Ocorj*, Esq, (Htnto-n, w>ir Market Dtfping. Linotmhtit.
Smith, fiwr^i P.., Rift v:;, E *■ ^mwp A 17. j <W Ttf&mpw*, Surrey.
uinlli.irt. K.*i. (,.;, Urin$-orom,S,W.
Smith. Jsrvoaa, Ehj. «T, fialgr*vc-+2uartf 8.W.
Smith. John, bq„ Mstnb.rtsiitfraun.Sor. Bombay. 27, Frittccr-<i<ilc, S.W.
Smith, John Horriioa, K*q. 40, Interne n-temKe, W.
O, John BUDf, Efef. I. T/Jmtn.~\t->'.., RC.J an! Pur Icy, CVvsJwi,
lj .!.. i!n«ylf^.,r«rn»tn'-at-tiiw. MvfMyt, IViwWfliim-eowwiMrvS. '
•.Smith, Jowpli Tr.iT*n*. K*j. 2:». 7Vtym0rfon-*'r<vr, K£
* m-th, Ootaffol Henry, E«q. TV/mo-ian*, 1F#W* mnutor, £, W.
t^-i.'rnitii, t'apfnm J'hllip, Crvmuluv (iiiard*.
' -;.uth, Them**, bq.
'Mnrth, BT. OMtf* E*i, 1, Qlcwetter.terrace, R*gm?+pvkf .V.1V.
>. Wiu. Grcpjiy, K»|, /TmAwm-'m'/ CfefflfXnjf, Ft'icAiti\'A-*tre<t, K.C.
faith, V, h.i, n llmry. K*i- 1, ftj/tieyark-Jtrrtt. IV.
■ • mylX, Rov*A<Idl Williiuu. (fart of iTfjtra. Childand O)., Temple^a-.
'•■' lyttij I -I i ITU tin J., n.*.
SMvdwi fogsfc I ■... ila< i. />'. AN ftMtfwg* ftMpfc -''.'.
Ntlnmont, linn. Iimi. | ' ■ ••/ JomrtM,
•Somfrs, Charles, F.arl. 3^, l^rit^t^oU. 3. W.i .tfuiliwrHwutfc, Were/
»Airtf ; onJ /7k trivry, RciQuU* 3)trrry,
HN^ Opt Uwwn K. H., (L3C. Cm «^ Heart. Clani, 3, Clijjemft
Ft*4t*tr**tt £.C
•5om«, Jwpb, B«i. fbrfomerv, N****it'h*U . I .
Sopwlth, Thof., Eft)., M.A., O.r., r.n.S. 103, ViM4+trc*t,\\\9t minder, S.'
•Mulbf, l.t.-(nl. Pnd. ■•>., '.' "., k.k.a.k. 100. F&M&ie, W.
South, John Flint, i>t. BUKUrvth-purk, 9&
I of. Kvvu%*t«iMth, P-rtdm, A'.A.
•Southcj', Ju. LowthiM, £*4. Co/* o/ Mctvt. $tit« ■ :>'.
Sp»10lnv. StttOfl), i»lt 7, i/jpn* t'*r>*road, Send* H-mpttt+f.
•-'tcuccr-liill, Jnmoi, Bbq, 1, A'tw^iVT-/*icc, /\r^ttm/^b?r, ST.
Royal Geographical Society.
lxvii
1857
1866
1860
1863
1855
1841
1866
1860
1860
1863
1860
1845
1867
1866
1861
1858
1858
1864
1860
Spicer, Edward, Eaq. Highbury-crescent, N.
i77oSpickerc«ll, Dr. Geo. E., Principal of Eastman** Royal Naval Establishment.
F-astern-parade , Sotdhsea.
Spoffbrth, Msxkham, Esq. 3, Porchester-terrace, W.
•Spottiiwoode, William, Esq, F.RJ. 50, Grosvenor-place, S.W.
•Spratt, Capt. Tbos. A. B., R.H., c.b. Mount Ephraim, Tunbridge-wells, Kent.
Spruce, Richard, Eaq,, PR. DR. Hurstpierpoint, Sussex.
Stafford, Edward W., Eaq. Colonial Secretary of New Zealand; care of
Mr. J. S. Tytler, 19, Ccutle-etrect, Edinburgh.
Stanford, Edward, Esq. 6, Choring-cross, S. W.
Stanhope, Philip Henry, Earl, Pre*. Soc of Antiquaries. 3, G rosvenor-place-
houses, Grosvenor-place, 3, W. ; and Chevening, Sevenoaks, Kent.
*Stanhope, Walter Spencer, Eaq. Cannon-hall, Bamsley, Yorkshire.
Stanley, Edmund Hill, Esq. Craven-hotel, Strand, W.C.
X78o*Stanlej, Edward Henry, Lord, M.P., D. c.l. 23, St. James's-square, S. W.
Stanton, Geo., Eaq. Coton-hill, Shrewsbury ; and Conservative Club, S. W.
Stanton, Henry, E*q. 1, Bitter-street, Myddleton-square\ W.C.
Statham, John Lee, Eaq. 60, Wimpole-street, W.
•StoTeley, Miles, Eaq. Old Slentngford-hall, Ripon.
Steel, J. P., Eaq., Lieut. R.E. Junior United Service Club, S. W.
•Stephen, Sir George. Melbourne; care of Mr. II. W. >Ravenscroft, 7, Gray's-
inn-square, W.C.
Stephenson, Sir II. Macdonald, C.B. 72, Lancaster-gate, W.; and East-cottage,
Worthing.
Stepney, A. K. Cowell, Eaq. 6, St. George' s-terrace, Knightsbridge, W.
Sterling, Col. Sir Anthony. South-lodge, South-place, Knightsbridge, W.
ijoaSterrj, Henry, Esq. 7, Paragon, Sonthwark, S.E.
Stereos, Henry, Esq., P.S.A. 17, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, W.C.
Stevenson, Thomas, Esq., T.S.A. 37, Upper Orosvenor-street, W.
Stewart, Key. Dr. James. Lovedale, Alice, South Africa.
•Stewart, Major J. H. M. Shaw, Royal Madras Engineers.
Stirling, Capt. Frederick H., R.S. ff.MJJ.' Hero f and United Service Club, S.W.
Stirling, Sir Walter, Bart. 36, Portman-square, W.
Stocker, John Palmer, Eaq. 93, Oxford-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
•Stokes, Rear-Admiral John Lort. United Service Club, S. W. ; and Scotchicd!,
Haverfordwest, Wales.
•Story, Edwin, Esq, h.a. 30, Ahnorak-road, Downham-road, Islington, N.
iSooStracbey, Colonel Richard, R.E., P.BA 29, Lancaster-gate, Hyde-parh, W.
Strange, Lieut. -Col. Alexander. 41, Brompton-crescent, S.W.
Strangford, Percy Ellen, Viscount. 58, Cumberland-street, W.
Stratford de Redcliffe, Stratford Canning, Viscount. 29, Grosvenor-eqvare, W.
Stratoo, N. D. J., Eaq. Aylestone, Leicester.
Strickland, Edward, Esq, c.b., Commissary-General. New Zealand. Care of
Messrs. Bidgway and Co., 2, Woierloc-place, S. W,
txviU
Li* of Ftihxcs afiht
1965
.
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1810
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I hrWw'f tmJtiUt, R I .
Sinitt, Cifoi^* H„ E4<i„ r.H.A.1. /Wi^MiW, ftfcffl
Sirutt, Opuin Uuuuicl lnvvl'l. r i.-x.i. AVj,uf J/^5lrt«iWW Antfv*
fotfOBJplM
•Strut!, Captain W.IILm. », JJirfcW-jiat*, SntU*^*.
i8io*Su:«1pAi, CwM P« t nV, c.n., r.K.i. ZB,8mHtfW» W".
Muort, Lic-ii.-Col. J. P. D. CrlcKion. X.r. 26, WOtt* ertHmtl, &*4fn*$
«fur#, S" IT.
Miinrt. \ rw-ChUCTllw S*l John, I I and I ". Old / wmfsVfev
Stuart, Mjjor RoWrU Mg; iotafe Can vf 3f*mr»t JktX, E*mtir, ^
Co,, 52, ITfynorv-ofrtfr/. ffl
v- 1 1 1, «'.., 1 I 'UrW, r.LA /». JEftaWt, JWf, a#ii«A«^
SlutfuM. Witlinm, E«q. 15, Uiutir-temKt, Btfkytrk, W.\ mI XTf*M
>, Scavtore-pltce, (7•rK»n-*frt,- .' . R
:. utllotaMfl ■
. 1 ■> 1 . w., C.&., ilx. ffhy / ■', PTrftys /fe-ta-
)••. ;..■». tUniy Arthur Dillon. M.a. II, /*rrnrrj-itr«<, IT.
tBxtfuttcn, CbqA. fibrin FiT-illc, *.r. (M-otf-Aou*, Z^vj /Vtfcn, Avrry.
.Urtil, <;#orjf» llntDvlIU William, Dofel «•! rf,tjfcrj-i*m*,
* .--ih'k ! .« ■■ I. il-crt. E«q. Cohwwi /font, Xhuuivn, ArpglnMrt,
Swioxy, An<ir»*-. Kaa,. 38, CknfKm-#*rw/. /'.' .
nliurtu, Rmi-A.lmiml iTlurln H. t&.0rv9cmvr^}hct,W.; •#»/
"Swfabunw, Lieut. J^lr J.-hn, Datl., ar. CifAwrf**, A7i»NriSr-««- 7jm#.
Swiiihw. MMt, Fjq„ H.IOI. Canul. Furmn**. Cfol 0/ J/cur*. Aattt
JTWrr, <md Co.
Sjkra, Cfamlopbcr, Eo^., ».r. SleJmcrt, J/nffoa.
lykai, OafeOftJ W . » r, r.«.«. Hon. M.H.I.A. ^rt
A W.j .W47, U/W5*i-rfr«(, Jtyd-jHrh, W.
Syrootdi, K., K»|., mi. B»n*mon(-i<rerf, Ojftml.
lljo*Syng#, C»l. Millinjton H., K.K. Buir,inqkvn,
Tij^rt, VninnU, Kiq. Hi l>ar*»-A»U-7rtrJnu, fTj/de^Ktrk, W.
Ttt/itor, KJwvil CM F><1- (fnpl* Chkw* Cuitonu). nembim. C%i**.
M . bq. lfl'i, Attetnidt+ooit, K| m/ Ortndal CTyr, H*.
•TaII, C-.Uft, £*q, U, OMm Awu-*trt4t, II".
Tribal, ffleht Hon. RUmN Uilbfrt. 4Si, C/uiter+quart. &.VT.; cad
e*W. K»n}itO*n, 0>unty fhiMm.
1UM <lc Mai.MJc, Joan* Tribi'l. LukI. JtUaMIl Co^^, C* ZW.W.
r
Royal Geographical Society,
lxix
1861
1861
1865
1865
1863
1854
1863
1864
1857
1863
1860
1857
1859
1830
1865
1863
1854
1864
1865
1854
1863
1863
1848
1866
1861
1854
1865
1862
1867
1847
1858
1854
1865
1861
1859
1865
Tiylcr, Joseph Walter, Eiq.
Taylor, Commander A. Dundas, ux. 6, Nightingale -road. Lover Clapton, A*./'.
l84oTaylorf H. L., Esq. Reform Club, S.W. ; and 23, PhUlimore-gardens, Ken-
sington, W.
Taylor, Rev. Jas. Hudson. Ningpo, China. Care of Mr. Berger, Saint-hill,
East Grinstead.
Taylor, John, Esq. Egremont-vUla, Loieer Norwood, Surrey, 3.
•Taylor, John Stopford, Esq., m.d. 1, Springfield, St. Anne-street, Liverpool.
Taylor, CoL R. C. H. 16, Eaton-place, S. W. ; and Carlton Club, S. W.
Taylor, W. K, Eaq.
Teesdale, John M., Esq. Eltham-house, EUham, SJ!.
Tegg, Wnu, Eaq. 13, Doughty-street, Mecklenburg-square, W.C.
Templeton, John, Esq. 24, Budge-row, E.C.
Tennant, Professor James. 149, Strand, W.C.
x85oTennant, Major J. F., Bengal Engrs. Director of Vie Observatory, Madras,
Care of Messrs. Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhitl.
•Thatcher, Colonel E.I.c.
Theed, William S., Esq. 18, Carlisle-terrace, Kensington, W.
Thomas, G., Esq. Queen's' gardens-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
Thomas, Henry Harrington, Esq. Lansdowne-crescent, Bath.
Thomas, J. R., Esq., Staff Assist. Surg. Castle-kill, Fishguard, Pembrokeshire.
Thomas, John H., Esq. Customhouse, E.C.
Thompson, William C, Esq.
Thomson, James, Esq. Dunstable-house, Hiclnnond.
Thomson, James Duncan, Esq., Portuguese Consul. St. Peter's-chambers,
ComhiU, E.C.
i66o*Thomson, J. Tumbull, Esq., Chief Surveyor. Otago, New Zealand.
Thomson, John, Esq. 4, Montague-street, Edinburgh. Care of John Little,
Esq.,21, Cannon-street, E.C.
•Thomson, Ronald Ferguson, Esq., 1st Attache' to the Persian Mission. Care of
F. B. Alston, Esq., Foreign^tffice, S.W.
•Thomson, Thomas, Esq., M.D., f.vlb. Hope-house, Kew, W.
Thomson, W. T,, Esq. 21, James-street, Buckingham-gate, S.W.
•Thome, Augustus, Esq. 4, Cullum-street, City, E.C.
Thornton, Edward, Esq., C.B. Sorrow.
Thornton, Rer. Thomas Cooke, M.A., U.R.T. Brock-hall, near Weedon,
Northamptonshire.
Thorold, Rev. A. W. 16, Bedford-square, W.C.
Thorold, Henry, Esq. Cuxwold, Lincolnshire.
l87oThring, Henry, Esq. 5, Queen' s-yate-gardens, W.
Thrupp, John, Eaq.
Thuillier, LL-CoL H. L., Surveyor-General of India. Calcutta ; Messrs. Grinding,
and Co. ; Care of J. Walker, Esq., India Office.
Tbwbum, C. A., Eaq. 29, Queensborough-terrace, Kensington-gardens , W.
ixx
Li* of Fdmo$ <if the
T«v«r
1KI14
18C1
1*40
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180:.
1833
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1864
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1863
•Thurbimi. Hugh. E*j. 108, Wttthmerne+lerrMt. IV-
.J. Ho'tlL ffntiak Emb<my, 7\e i/ty**. GaretfJ.
D. M,ton, | ... lb £* «ffl<*t&W.
*li:;.l.,l, riuTlf«.lr.hn, Ktty XemXauth Wrier.
•1'iniir, John A., V.u\, Uriirlcy, Aiyhurth, ne-tr Litcryvol.
Todd, Juho, bq. Sydney. Me*tn. BUjk >mt Ifartottle, I . i4MnUft-mfe, A'.C
Todd, for. Juiiu vv. TWnrlUff IbiwiWi tytok* A
l8Bo*Tomliu, Owrp* T«ddj\ K*)„ r.*a« Comb+Jwue, Jlorfon/tfCdr, GmUr¥trjf
and Wmdham Ch*t S.W.
Ttmlluf, Oooryr, F*j„ *.r. 1, C^rtloa^eiuee-terrace, & IT.
•Took*, Arthur Win., K*t„ «.*. Plnn*r-JUll-hwe, near Watford, MMinex.
Torruioe* John. L*q. 5. CKe*t*r*phwe, ffydt-jHtrA-yjuarc, W,
Tormw, RoUrt Rlaluri., K*q. 8, Glotuewter- place, Uydeyxrk, W. ; tmt
r-W Orfl, JfeAn, near ^rifoviui, 8wtK Peron.
TowMeud, Commander John, ii.m. Zom, Wettv*otper+Mare.
Tcwmwti, Wm. Parker, K»q., d,a. CauUb. Gj« of Afo* 3mmm«( .UA-Wiwr,
Oi*V*i, ni»ir Z>4fttafjfr,
•Towiy, Urarg* Kdward, K*j.
Toiraon, J. Tbomw, Esq. Secretary ZecoJ Marine Board, Lktrptm.
w\ayn\xo, Opt- Hy. Commanding the A'.uf./Rifia Sktp • HUepv f 25,
/wwrnMt-nwJ, A'rrwinytort^urdMu, IT.
ie$o*To»cr, Ret. H. F., m.a. £Mf«r* College, Oxford.
Tnu-;. the Hoo. C. II. 11, Oeotye'e*etr*et, 11 .
♦Trav»r», ArvU. Eiq. AdiA'i6n-/ojJ {appetite} Vm irqpfcr-roarf). Krtu*vK«. IT.
Treiiientarr, Col. C.W., R.r, ftemtay.
'IrttnletU R»t, Frmncl* W.t w.a. tt«l*i:(-p<irk, IfawqaUnd, -V H".
•Tireftth, 0«|''. ':> I Ob I , fcft M| It yde-ynt harder*, W. ; Wft<tuKt
Airwy Ojflw, ftw
7mtrail, K»r. Pmlsrirk. gin— MUlfffll, Urtlah-hiU, type* Aonrofti, .SL
Tirvdru, Sir Cbarlv L-IkhJ, K.c.n. 8, Onwt«non<rcK«nf# t?tW,
TnvelpA, Sir WkltorCalnrlf. Burt, Mj.,rj.i„ f.lx, rjusjra., Ac. 4tU-
Tijrniini, BdnVcL Siq. CiVff o/ Uaxn, Trimmer vnt Cftf i»>e Ctf|»-
chambers. B&xrpaQate-itrcet, E.C.
i^ooTiitUo, Jo**fb Uwbcri, Eh!. Moomfetd, A'ont<*d\ and U, I^^nt-dre^i,
T ry»n, <"a|(t. f tmrjp, (LK. ^^mj/ <J«rf A'-lw/ CM, ■•'. H .
Tuck-tt, Franol» Fo*. Uj. /WflK^zy. mot lT/«^.
•Tucket, KmloHot, B^, 4, Mcrttmre street, CormdUK+iuere, W.
Tuckctl, rhillp D„ F.^. IKt, ;v. .i.W/y, VV.
Tndon EtaBd Omb^ Vaq., fa*. )4n. /wthnd-pUve, Wi
Tud I q, BO. rVtfawJftoWi 11".
Turooull, Corp, K»^,f c.i :„ k.i:.a.», 38, (V«»w^y.»rdVn#,^ulA JTmt«v«M, M'.
•Tuiuuall. Ikr.TUw.iliJi.iii, r LA tttfr<ntfy CM, A ir.;onJ tJteftld,XvfotX
Tunwr, Tbw., E^. 0».y • //c^»T4/, AmlAwA, ft
Royal Geographical Society. Ixxi
1867
1864
1863
1863
1949
1858
1865
1862
1859
1862
1861
1856
1844
1862
1865
1856
1861
1881
1849
1853
1855
1867
1863
1862
1862
1837
1857
1853
1845
1865
1 9 ioTwwdie, Capt Michael , R.A, Care of Meter a. Cox and Co., Craig* s-court, 8. W
*Twantyman, A. C, Eaq. Tcttenhall-wood, near Wolverhampton.
Twmtpnmn, Wm. II., Eaq. Manor-house, St. John'a-icood, N. W.
*fwiae] ton, Hon. E. F, Rutland-gate, S. W.
Twta, Sir TraTen, d.ol., r.u 19, Park-lane, W.
Twyford, Capt. A. W., 21tt Huatara. Reform Club, 8.W. ; and Cosham-house,
Cotham, Haute.
Tjer, Edward, Eaq., c,£„ f.r.aj, 15, Old-jewry-chambers, E.C.
•Tyler, G forge, Esq. 24, HoQoway-place, ffolloicay-road, N.
Tytler, Capt. W. Fnser. Aidowrie, Inverness.
Underbill, Edward Bean, Eaq., ll.d. Deruent-todge, Thurlow-road, Hamp-
sUad,N.W.
igioUeaher, John, Esq. Arthur'* Club, 8t. James's 8treett 8.W.
•Cxiellj, Tbeodoeloa, Eaq.
•Vachar, Qeorge, Eaq. Manor-house, Teddington.
•Vender Byl, P. G., Eaq. Care of Mr. H. Myth, 17, Qracechurch-street, E.C.
Vane, G., Eaq. Ceylon, Mesere. Price and Boustead.
• Vanghan, Jamea, Eaq., r.n.c.8., Bombay Army. Buitth, Breconshire.
Vanghan, J. D., Eaq., Aaairt. Rea. Councillor and Police Magistrate of Singapore.
Care of J. Tupp, Eeq., 4, Lancaster-road, Notting-hUl, W.
Vanghan, Naah Vanghan Edwards, Eaq. Rheola, near Neath ; and Lanelay,
near Pontyfield, Olamorganehire.
Vanx, WUUam S. W., Eaq., Ma., F.8.A. British Museum, W.C.
•Varaaour, Sir Henry M., Bart. _8, Upper Qrosvenorstreet, W.
IojoVaraweor, Jamea, Eaq. Hnockholt, near Sevenoaks, Kent.
Tenner, Capt. Francia John S. 42, Gloucester-place, Hyde-park, W. ; and Elm
Bank, near Worcester.
•Vcreker, the Hon. H. P., LL.D., H.M. Consul at Rio Grande do SnL 1, Port-
mtm+gyare, W.
Taraer, Edward Wfngfield, Eeq., m.p. 86, Eaton-square, S. W. ; and Cook-abbey,
Bray, Co. Wkklow.
•Verney, Edmond H., Commr. RJ». 32, South-street, Qrosvenor-square, W.
•Verney, Major Sir Harry C, Bart., M J>., F.B.A.S. Travellers* Club, 8. W. ; 32,
South-street, Qrosvenor-square, W. ; and Clay don-house, Bucks.
Verrey, Charles, Eaq.
Verolam, Jamea Walter, Earl of. Qorhambvry, near St. Allan's ; Barry-kill,
Surrey ; and Messing-hall, Essex.
Vila, Thomas, Eaq. 75, Oxford-terrace, W.
Vincent, ICnoa C., Eaq, ex. Frankfort, Ohio, UM., and 337 , Strand.
I\Mil
Listcftctiotetoftlu
Twrf
1837
1863
1838
l04oVlnccnt, John, E*j. 4. (rranttifa/wA, HiackhwtK S.B.
. R ■ i:*ynold*, K»|„ MU* On o/ 7?. J'. JJottytr, Rg
Vivian, Major Quintal, Ul« 8th Hum/*. 17, CAuAam-rfriwf, ft W.
*Vjti«ii, Sli liklianl IUwIjumu, Hail., r.n.1. Trchv-urtcJi, DM
MM
I8M
1803
1833
IMS
ISM
IBM
V* ■")", !■'. Di I "i Ufa /'ertiiMW */m>«*. W.
Wad*, The F„ K^., cu., JI.B.M. S*flroi*ry ofLcptki. /VUt, €*>«.
•VTigftof, William BMrtr, faf* *.o„ m.a,
Wait*. H-ery, lfe[. 3. I Mfe», ft H'.
VracfwlU, E. T.. E*]. 40, /VraJrtVyr-ctf/ai, itnyguultr, W,
l^joWAlkor, Col. C. P. lioauehamjp, CM. 07, CW«f-#juw, S. W, ; and CnM
Walk", F-i1wi.nl lUnry. k*j.. \ «t Tripoli. Afcirfow^an*. CTtttfrr.
Walker, Jtinw, Kin,., M.innglug Director of Mwlnu lUilvajr. 33, Cam>>rvt-jf*
xjuiirv, Jfydtfsnl, n
•W«Urrr I.:. iiK.ii.i, Bogfownh M-irrce, lKxvTiauntl /'moV. Pimjab,
for* 0/ 7. IV'dMer. £^grM fndfa 0£k«t
Walk.T, John. R*i., Bjtaf. UolaOfiw. 8, Costh+trttt. fioftor*, II .-
•Walktr, John, fc*j. 50, I'ortUtta^errx^e, H*.
•Walker, CapUb fata, H.M.*. 08lK Pool. £>T>cmi\Ut, CvfoU-afc-.
Walker. B. B. N.. Kaq. On 0/ .Ifr. tf.iwtf, IS, A M I vffc^., /-iwipotf.
Walk-r, Boot* l.»i, *.t.„ Am. Sujg. U.K. 4, i*f///<m/>,\i. ,-, /WoWfe,
i«(6e\Vii: . -y.) up, e«j.
•Wulici.T, P. w., frq, 0, ftroch-drett, fi.aU; wl Mtmmm CM, ff.n:
Walk-t. rij.titn William Mammiii, M.C.I. S, (f'forirrjrf^r-rrrrwc^ H'.; *W
B 1 I ■" / ■ ' . B,W.
Wilk-v. kfT, William. glTWaW JBitdPf, /ftm/iy Cattle, />/o*.«i..X/tvy«.
Walk Nun Henrjr, M.a. -V.-c/*wrcior^, ^AipWm, Xerfvtk,
Walker. William, E**.. rj>. 4a. A9 d 9 fl 4 H0ll Vf r.-i. .V.
W .IU«. Alfred twit E«q, P, it. Mwki-cr<*x*ef Bqmts park, X. W
WalUtv, KeT. ChwlM HUI. «.*. 3, HirfqfyUm 0|lH«i /'«lot
Wa]|v# HotMlk bf> /^w^Mni •' '"'. iv.
W'alUr. Mr Thr,». Wathm, rU.r In, BUMMgW, ft »V.
i-)7o\V4llich, Otorx* C„ K*s„ M.D, 11, rarP+Orrvcv, Km»ru]tan, IT.
Walmilfj, Nr Jrtthim, <i*.r*rrm*rit IC«tldnt Armt, N
W»l|rt!<% Opt, Hm BOO. 1'. l^mOriy CM/, AW.; ,.nJ HainUorptXeH*
Zmg flfwittw, XvrfuiA,
W4lrmla, Bl Ebo E^ttWfl V.P. Gr.}ft<m~ttf<i, V"; «nrfiVifw^, W.
WalUr, Uwjry Kiwci. E»j. Pappteu-i.-k-hiU, near Jfvttinrjhum.
Royal Geographical Society. lxxiii
1865
1863
1864
1853
1860
1865
1862
1864
1859
1862
1867
1852
1862
1859
1860
1861
1867
1853
1857
1861
1858
1862
1836
1865
1864
1858
1866
1860
1851
1853
1864
1862
1863
1857
1861
1863
1653
Walton, H. C, Eaq., c.e. 26, Satile+ow, W.
Walton, J. W., Esq. 26, SacUe-row, W.
Walton, R. G., Eaq., c.e.
•Ward, George, Eaq.
Ward, Admiral J. Hamilton. Oakfeld, Wimbledon-park, S. W.
I98oWard, Swinburne, Esq., Civil Commissioner. Seychelles Islands.
Wardlaw, John, Esq. 57, Prince's^ate, Kensington, W.
Warner, E-, Esq., M.P. Righam-hall, Woodford, Essex; and 49, Grosvenor-
place, 8. W.
Warre, Arthur B., Eaq. 109, Onsbw-square, S. W.
Warren, Capt. Richard Pelham. Worting-house, Basingstoke.
Waterhouse, George Marsden, Esq. Buckhwst, Wokingham, Berkshire.
WatUna, John, Esq., F.K.C.8., F.8.A. 2, Falcon-square, Aldersgate-strtet, E.G.
Watnej, John, Esq. 16, London-street, Fenchurch-street, E.C.
Watson, Jamea, Esq. 24, Endsleighstreet, W.C.
Watson, James, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. 13, Circus, Bath.
i99oWatson, John Harrison, Esq. 28, Queensborough-terrace, Kensington-gardens, W.
Watson, Robert Spence, Esq. Moss Croft, Gateshead-on-Tyne.
Watts, J. King, Eaq. St. Ives, Huntingdonshire.
•Waugh, Maj.-Geneml Sir Andrew Scott, Bengal Engineers, F.R.8., late Surveyor-
General and Superintendent Great Trig. Survey. Athewrum Club, S.W.;
and 7, Petersham-terrace, Queen' 's-gate-gardens, South Kensington, W.
Way, Arthur, Esq. Ashton-lodge, Ashton, near Bristol.
•Webb, Capt. Sydney. Oriental Club, Hanover-square, W.; and 24, Manches-
ter^square, W.
•Webb, William Frederick, Esq.
•Webber-Smith, Colonel James, 95th Regiment. 14, CanKbridge^quare, W.
Webster, Alphonsus, Eaq. 44, Mecklenburg-square, W.C.
Webeter, E., Eaq. North-lodge, Ealing, W.
soooWebster, George, Esq., m.d. Dulvich, &
Webster, George, Esq. 40, Finsburg-circus, E.C.
Weguelin, Thomas Matthias, Esq., M.P. Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navi-
gation Co.t Moorgate-street, E.C.
Waller, Edward, Esq. 34, Red-lion-square, W.C.
•Wellington, Arthur Richard, Duke of, Major-General, d.C.l. Apsley-housc,
W. ; and Stratkfeldsaye, Hampshire.
Wells, Sir Mordaunt, late Chief Puisne Judge, Bengal. 107, Victoria-st., S. W.
Wells, William, Esq. 22, Bruton-street, W. ; and Bedleaf, Penshurst, Kent.
Welman, Chas., Esq. Aorto/wnanor, Taunton.
West, Lieut-Colonel J. Temple.
West, Rev. W. De Lancy, M.A., Head Master, Grammar School. Brentwood,
Essex,
JOIO*Weatlake, John, Eaq. 16, Ozford^qnare, W.
Weatmacott, Arthur, Eaq. Athenarum Club, S.W.
I«i
n
L\*t of Ftilow* of the
1844
t80B
1862
1 M I
1830
iaw
1801
1853
1839
1835
1930
l*i7
lass
1857
1865
IMS.
1857
un
1800
vm
1805
un
1862
1880
1305
1864
IM7
UN
IMS
1805
uoo
•W^miawUr, rJcliard, Morquio of. 3S, C/i/xr Grorerner-rtrMi, W.;
Itctkirc; and Afotcvrhbe-JtouOf, VwmltHiM,
W«loo, All' I. InJirJML Knj.. «.*• IB, Anta£frifi Jfydfptrt.S.IY.
W«two*l, John, EM. 8 W 0. 0««h irrrW p fow, SwttwrWn^, JC.C.
V. |0 ■ ■ i i-mplon, frq. Son*n*UhiU. torlrmj.
•W'ojkati John, E*q., y.n.8. Woodriflji^foii/, XorfctL
WturnclKlfr, Lord. I.\ CWAffMfnvf, W*.
Wharton, J:»t. J, & ll'ift»iVA-o«>irajr, tf.TV.
WhMtl.y.- .. W . K«j. l.%0. EmM I&4***. £.C
lOJoWhfclwrij^it, Willinra, Em{. Qhuoedir-lticl/e, Jfegcnft-jtarA, 1
•WhmfMd, Edwanl Wr«r. K^., n.A. Aw(A tfttyftMM&iVflpc Z-MaU.
•Whialiair, Jmnci, K*q., r.l.A. 16, fonMiVfVlfc AV-pwrV;»vA, J/.W.
Wliiukw. Tbomn* Mwph.n. E»|. Etathorp+JiaU. fkut TurtiMn; mS Cm-
«n | . I'.'.
Wbitt.r, Ctpt. Mm4 1»U 3i4 1>ikicwd Uu*nb.
Wii.t , \, •)..■. [»., E*!., m.d. 56, Crumetryiant, W.G
Whilf, Li«uU Arthur Wollwltj, iua. ^Aoffairyiww.
•Whil»,*:hirl^ku<i, in, fAm*~ft,,h\<\; <wi JttrnnfttJ, near Part fcr-S, Ami.
WtiiU, Henry. Em|, i, /,irw:a*(«r-/p-rur.T, fl/fl*1" JTgdc-pwk^anScni, W.
Whit*, Val Hmry Ulrjraplo. CP. *.l>, Ijivyuln-ayiar*, A VT.
kojtfWbfo w. a.. E*. Ckn of /;. /fen**, J*./., *fc*fr« <'/*». ftW
firrtir < CTuA, fi IT.
Whifc, William fetter, E**. JVwwrw, ft, ifuriAo/onKw'* /7wpto/, £,C.
•White, W'b. O., £*i. lo, litn*-itrc*(, K.C.; and MarnaflttJ, iwr Lhirtford,
IM
WliiUliouM, William Malthnw Milb, E*). 44, atff*Uiv-ptuc«, Buyncat. .
<m<f /ftwrftffcAf^toua*, Stttdiey, Wbrwkh I
Whitmor*. WlllUio, K#i. 28, Qrftnt+ntvn, H\; <md ilwAMi«Pi. AVwf, ftJL
Wliittj, Julio Irwinc, U).. i»,cu, ix.o., *j„ en., &t. 84. X«rq- J«p0<
linrrf, />nWm; BftllftJwi f»7 i/.i f..irW; ,/*( /Vpcfctmcpceuri, $*•«'*
G>., Ireland.
Wbyoiper, lilwunl, t»q. TouTi'Auwr, Fhileauirt,
WnrU, II. B, E*{. 115, A, Gorge's Road, S.W.
M'llalns J. K., E«i. Man, .f. Jl^wii. O*o/ 7. /». CtM>. /ay., fl, CVutc»i-
kUtyardfU, J/ijdt-pari, W.
Wllklojon, Alfred, t*q. II, Ettaatonylvct, South A"#nmyr«», W.
:04C*WHklnvin, M(\Jor .s. TllMHMi BLA. Oaitt (ImM^ rflaVi ; nmi .4rmy iiM
Amy Club, &W- ' )'rc-.slinLl*' f.-, .. . Itryhtm,
WiIktu»oo, FroJorJck E„ K*|„ Ji.ii. ^Jmirm, A'<Tfc', .^./T.
WnWMWIi I>r. (i. 4, .Sc. /oAnVifaxit. .IT.
DM, J. J., l^. 4, 5/. JoAn't^oi^ift^ 0i SttUVuoft/, -V. rf«
•WflktBMOi Bb Johtt Oorlo.r, Djj,t„ r.ftjl. Athrnttttm ChA, 8. H'.
WO Thvuitt, 1C«4. runweaw, dfad^raKur. Gir* o/ JrV. C, iT. WW*,
4£», AcniA'iv-ifrrrt, Lirxrywt.
Royal Geographical Society. Ixxy
t-* !
1857
1863
1856
1856
1857
1867
1859
1867
1861
1865
1865
1862
1854
1860
1866
1867
1861
1862
1863
1861
1864
1865
1866
1863
1865
1857
1862
1864
1862
1863
1845
1856
1866
1857
1861
1866
WiUcock, J. W.f Esq., Q.C. 6, Stone-buildings, Lincoln' s-inn, W.C.; and
Rosenstead, Avenue-road, St. John's-wood, N. W.
Williams, Frederick, G. A., Esq. Chapel-stairs, Lincoln' Mm, W.C.
Williama, Henry Jones, Esq. 10, Hereford-street, Park-lane, W; and 82,
King WUliam-st., E.C.
Williams, Henry R., Esq. Board of Trade, S. W.
ao5oWilliuns, Major-General Sir Wm. F., Bart., K.C.B., d.c.l., Conunander-in-
0 bid ', Canada. Amy and Navy Club, S. W.
Williams, W. Rhys, Esq ., 1U>. Soyal Bethlehem Hospital, 8.
Willooghby, Henry W., Eaq. 35, Montagu-square, W.
Wills, William Henry, Eaq. (J. P. for city and county of Briitol). Haathornden,
Ctipon Down, Bristol.
Wilson, Captain Anthony. 55, Moorgate-street, E.C; and 11, Chepstow
villas, Bayswater, W.
Wilson, E., Esq. Hayes-place, Bromley, Kent.
Wilson, Capt. J. C, R.W. Care of Messrs. Woodhead and Co.
•WUson, Robert Dobie, Eaq. 15, Green-street, Grosvenor-sqvare, W.
•Wilson, Captain Thomaa, E.N.
Wilson, Thomaa, Eaq. 121, Southgate-road, N.
aoooWUtahire, Rer. M. A„ F.G.8., F.L.8. The Rectory, Bread-street-hill, E.C.
Windham, Capt. S. Smyth. 14, Connaught-ptace, Edgeware-road, W.
Windos, Commander Alfred Tubb, i.n. 14, St. James' s-square, 8. W.
Wing, Commr. Arthur, E.N. Care of Messrs. Case and Loudensack,
Wingate, T. F., Eaq. 20, Down-street, Piccadilly, W.
Wingfield, Sir Charles John. Commissioner in Oude, 10, Great Cmtberland-
street, Hyde-park, W. ; and Athenatum Club, S.W.
Wodehouse, J. II., Esq., II.M.'e Commiuioner and Consul-General for the
Sandwich Islands. Care of F. B. Alston, Esq., Foreign Office.
Wolfe, Capt. William Haynard, R.A. Arts Club, Hanover-square, W.
•Wolff, Sir Henry DrammoDd, E.CJf.o. 15, Rutland-gate, 8.W. ; and Athe-
naum Cbtb, 8. W.
Wood, Hy., Eaq. 10, Cleveland-square, Hyde-park, W.
2070Wood, Lieut-Colonel Wm., B.H. 4, Hyde-park-terrace, Cumberlandyate, W.
Woodhead, Captain H. J. Plumridge. 44, Charing-cross, S.W.
Woods, Samuel, Esq. Bedford-park, Croydon.
Woolcott, Geo, Esq. Cavendish Club, W. ; and 60, Qracech\srck*treet, E.C.
Woolrabe, F., Eaq. Tasmania.
Worms, George, Eaq. 17, Park-crescent, Portland-place, W.
Worthington, Rer. James, d.d. 27, John-street, Bedford-row, W.C.
Worthingtoo, J. Hall, Esq. Alton-hill, Oxton, near Birkenhead.
•Worthington, Richard, Eaq. 7, Champion-park, Denmark-hill, S.
Wortley, Rt.Hon. Jas. Stuart, Q.C. 29, Berketeysq., Wi and Sheen, Surrey, S. W.
3o8oWortley, the Hon. J. F. Stuart. 15, Curxon- street, Mayfair, W.
Wotton, William G., Eaq.
lxxvi List of Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society,
Y-col
1863
1839
1863
1867
1854
1861
1859
1830
1861
1857
1838
18G6
1830
1862
1830
1858
1866
1865
1857
1865
1864
Wright, John, Esq., c.e., F.B. A. 1 1 , Park-tt., Westminster, S. W. ; and Rochester.
•Wyld, James, Esq., m.p. Charing-cross, W.C.
Wylde, W. H., Esq. Foreign Office, S. W
•Wythe*. George Edward, Esq. 22, Westbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
Teats, John, Esq., LL.D. Clayton-place, Peckham, S.E.
York, Most Rer. William Thomson, Archbishop of. Biskopsthorpe, Fork.
Yorke, Lieut.-General Sir Charles, K.C.B. 19, South-it., Grosvencr-sqaare, IV
•Yorke, Colonel Philip J., 7.R.S. 89, Eaton-place, S. W.
ioijo Youl, James A., Esq. Wardiah^house, Clapham-park, S.
•Young, Capt. Allen, Rhersdale, Twickenham, S. W.
•Young, Charles Baring, Esq. 4, Hyde-park-terrace, TV".
Young, Francis, Esq. 10, Queen's-row, Grove-lane, Cambenccti, 8.
•Young, George Frederick, Esq. Limehoute, E.
Young, Sir Henry E. Fox., C.B. 77, Kensmgton-gardens-sqriare, W.
•Young, James, Esq.
Young, James, Esq. Lime-field, West C alder, Midlothian.
Young, John, Esq., u.a. Vanbrugh-fields, Blackheaih.
Young, Rev. R. H., b.a. 22, South-street, Durham.
2 xoo Yule, Col. Henry, Bengal Engineers. Messrs. Grmdlay $ Co., 55, Parliament-
street, S.W.
Yule, Key. J. W. Alexandria, Egypt.
Zwecker, J. B., Esq. 37, Torriano-avenve, Camden-road, Ar. W.
( Jxxvii )
LIST OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, £«-.,
TO WHICH C0P1KS OP Tin ■ laogMAL1 ATO ' flftCMTOflMi '
fTbnB* nuttad «rtth n uteri* • nertw th« rroe»«Jint« aMv ]
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ftl*Lin ...• .Vr.adamT of Science!
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ct dcs Colonic*
tl AnUtl(|im
i>iao{rr*plil«
. —— iVKni-.Hirajji'-
nirril |i.nir 1'ImJ til trio
.Nstinnalo
. Uu Guuicmplilc
nrtan V:»4tmy of
BaeofiM
. Bolirralin Itnyal Mu-
seum
. Accadomln <t#l l.lnMl
ii linptrliil Academy of
— Imperial Oitogrxplitf-ml
■ I iely
*Torcno(.w . . Itoyal A**4«*y of
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rnrallos
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It'tfical Institute
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Society
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Society
.tltut*
BoBim Boototyof Aatt^QulM
of>alur»U*o
ABIA-
BOM»AT . . .
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AiliUr **irirtv «*-•*%■
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BnOAMSSi . , Journal nf Indian Arrlu-
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akrkta.
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AUSTRALASIA.
Ni
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tt £uU»D . . . Library o
KvnKrr . ... 17
( Ixxix )
NAMES Or INDIVIDUALS TO WHOM THB BOTAL PBEM
AND OTHKB TESTIMONIALS HAVB BKEti AWARDED.
1851. — Mr. ijotwnt, f ■■ (! I £ rowty <»f th* conroo of tho IKrer
■ .
183E.— Mi. . r the discovery of tho Innd hot named " Kndnty
IaciI " nd "• » irahoui IauuV in the Antarctic Ocean.
16331 — C»j •'■-•'' ^;r JOBW How, n.*., for dboovr;.. bolle Rocioo* of
Itt rich
1*34. — Sir Alkxakvkr Ho**xt*, for !h» navigation of tho EKt« Indu*, and
■ jot*: * CCDtt&l Awa.
1836. — Captain Sir Qmui Fi.ux. n.*.. fur thr fluMOiqcj of tbfl I
hv« and it* navigation U> tho ev> ou tho ArcLie (!<**( of America,
IB36. — Gar4aiii 1 1* ) i > i M ,.i:.n, n>-„ r„r i of the Shores of F*U-
gooo*, Chile, mi i I'.mi, .i .
1337.— Colonel Cms:" < t of tho "Euuamfo*
Eipo. ■*- B, i . l Jot acceaaioiw to tho scopraphy n
MeaoroUmia, and the Delta of Suaiana.
1838. — Mr. Tnoxat Sixmos— Founder's Medal ■ fog th« .Uaeovtrr.
Interns, m 1«I? and 1S3&, of about 30U coum of tho Arctlo saorea of
America.
Dr. Eipwjjio ROrpRf.L— Patron'* Mvdal— for hi* trerolo and rewarchei
in Nnl-n, EO rdOflte, Aralmi, an.l '
IS39U — Oil- H. 0. Kawi.tswhc, ill c— Founder"* Medal— for hi* trnvol* ark!
rvacarchc* tn Snonnn and Fer*inn Kwdiita'n, am I lit thrown
by htm on thn ootnpttiBtlTi apogr&nl m .Ufa.
S:r EL EL BcaoMBVBOK — Patron'i n«!aJ — f<ir nil ttavda nnd ro-
Mr>:lH'< iluriivr ; i ..•:'!• I1-...-' in ttw rnlnny of FtritUh (inn;.
and in thnadjaonnf. naru of Sotiih Amei ic*.
1(510.— Unlit. It arm Ml.— FoaocVrt Medal— for tho publication of his wotk
Navigation and Nnutical Antronomy.'
■ Lieut. Joa I ».— Pattoa'a M..)«l -for hia survey of lh«; Indu«,
and m-dinuvto af tbo icurco of the River On*
1841 Captain Sir Jame* Cunc Itota, il>\— Founder1* Modal— for hi* din-
covcrios in tho Antarctic Ocean.
Box. Dr, I .. 'i N»w York— Patron's Modal— for hi* work
■:vl Keaearch** in Palo*'
Mr Rd-waU) .Iiiiin TCyiu* — Founder** Medal — for his explorations in
Australia.
l'\ A. STatowne, it. f..— Patron'* Mednl — for hi* anrvoy In
Palestine, and levels across the country to the Duid Sea.
1843. — Mr. W. -t. ll.iwu.Tt.*.— Founder's Modal— for hi* rfMnrchm iu Asia
HOC*
■^ IVuf. Ado :.— Patton% Medal — for hU ei tensive gcograpliicnl
liboun,
Ix.xx Award of the Royal Premium*.
1844.— Dr. RKKTt — Ktiiim'.t \'» MmM — Ur hi* tXttOttff ■tttaftatal ta
■ inis.
M. Cium.r.s Kittich — I'ntron's Mfital— for hi« iinpottoiis
works,
— I annt P. E. de BnusLvaa — Founder's: MMnl — for his explon
nii'i <s iu Uic BoQtli-BfiBUra partfou of Auulmlia, run! in
Villi Uri. i:r-n'-_- ijJUld.
Trofewor A. Ti(. nlllUJWlJMaTI — Patron's Medal — far lit* bsONIbItB
explorations and discoveries in NurtUiTii nod Eastern Sibcila.
164$. — Captain Cn*iuj» Stout — Foundcr'a Medal— for Lis various and
extensive snlonftta&l in Lfl I notta*
I)r. LrjCWIO Lkkiiiuiikt — I'nii i.'. \h | vl (bra juurnrv p-rfornvd
from Morcton Bay to Port K»mgton.
1£47. — gjf Jambs lluooKB, Pojah of Sarawak and Q< f Labuan —
Founder's Mcdul — for oil tXptttfl i i (<< BoHMfe
Coptrtin OBAftUt* WujtKfl, D.a.K. — 1'i.ti a M«hil — for hi* Voya£»
cf USwovtn it) tho S. Uomlsphoro and tn tho Antarctic j:«ctoos, is
tlmy.wri UB8-4&
iHi^.— atoen* a* f-Av^itn, Km| , !".'.. mi— Foander'i .M"i.i!— for his
itribattattfl loA.cru' [cv'/iuphv, ».--:« urcho* in MtfAojKilamia, and
.ii.',, • . - i fflnmb.
BtranCfl HttolL— -Pattotfl Modal— fnr I
■nd surrounding countries, communicated in his work on-
'Kashmir nntl das BeUi Att si«'lt.'
1849. — Col. Jous On, FniMovr— Pntron's Malal— for his sucotwful cxplora-
tlODJi uf the Hocly M<.<uulaii>s and California; and for hi;.
Piscovcriw aud Astronomical OoBSxratiaaB.
The Kev. lUvio LlYl QlRHUflDeto Watch—
for hi& sin l pknltOOJ o( S-ml A.: <_.t.
WW.— Dr. GronoB Walux, of Finland— 25 Guineas— for his Travels fn
Ambia.
— : Mr. TSOIUI foOHKD 25 Qui&Mft— Jot lii» exploration* in the
Wi.i.ih: W*nd ol Haw /.minnd.
] -;".!.— I>r. John I!ak— Koun !<■: r'| Efarlal for l»* tiirvoy of Iloothia and of
tbaOoaiti ■: Wol Man and VfotorJi lands.
Captain H mur Stiuciiicy— Patron's Medal— for Ms Survey* in
Western Tibet.
-Mr. Fxancib Oaltob — Founder's Medal — for his upk&tUoo
Southern A
Onanndsji S. A Uraxj i djls i i — PatiWs Modal-* fur bis Barruf
uf : Biffin Baj Bttitt md I-anawtcr Sounds.
iH.'ft.— BesT-Admlral Wii.mav Mem.t Smttii— Founder'a Mcdnl— for his
ralojhbU Survoyi i:i i)k' MwUtomnesAu,
■OaftBia Sobort J. M. oCOtvmt, a.Mi — PMnofa Medal — Ujr Lis dis-
Di -.* ry ->( the Nurtti-Wi-at I'a^Mx'c.
185-1.— 'Hir Bat. DatXB Limrunmrii K.Vn etc.— Patroo'B Medal— for hia
KeiontifiQ KxjJonitiona in Grain
— Mr. <'ii.burx> i. am'khsooh — a Sut of Biavayf&i Iiwtnimania— f ■•■
Travels in Boatlk*Weilen Ainea.
1865.— Bftl HU KtW Kaxf., m.d.— Founder"* Mo<laI— for in'8 discovohes in
ll)u Pulur M.^ioiiK.
Award of the Royal Prtmiumt. lxxxi
1855.— Hetnrich Bartr, phil. db.— Patron's Medal— for his explorations in
Central Africa.
Corporal J. F. Church, of the Royal Engineers — a Watch and Chain
—-for his scientific observations while attached to tbe Mission in
Central Africa.
1856. — Mr. Augustus 0. Gbegoby — Founder's Medal — for his explorations
in Western and Northern Australia.
— — Lieut.-Col. Andrew Scott Wauqh, Bengal Engineers — Patron's
Medal — for the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India.
1857.— Captain Richabd Colukbon, b..n. — Founder's Medal— for his Dis-
coveries in the Arctic Regions.
Prof. Alex. Dallas Baobb, Supcrintendant U. S. Coast Survey —
Patron's Medal — for his extensive Surveys of America.
1858. — Captain Richard F. Bubton — Founder's Modal — for his Explorations
in Eastern Central Africa.
^— Captain John Palliseb — Patron's Medal — for his explorations in
British North America and the Rocky Mountains.
Mr. John Macdouall Stuart — a Gold Watch — for his Discoveries in
South and Central Australia.
1859. — Lady Franklin — Founder's Medal — in commemoration of the dis-
coveries of Sir J. Franklin.
Captain Sir F. Leopold McCuntock, b.n. — Patron's "Medal— for his
Discoveries in the Arctic Regions.
1860. — Captain John Hanking Speke — Founder's Medal — for the Discovery
of the Great Lake Victoria Nyanza, Eastern Africa, &c.
— — — Mr. John Macdouall Stuart — Patron's Medal — for his Explorations
in the Interior of Australia.
1861. — Mr. Robert O'Hara Burke — Founder's Medal — for his Explorations
in Australia.
Captain Thomas Blakiston — Patron's Medal — for his survey of the
River Yang-taze-kiang.
^— Mr. John Kino — a Gold Watch — for his meritorious conduct while
attached to the Expedition under Mr. R. O'Hara Burke.
1862. — Mr. Frank T. Gregory — Founder's Medal — for his explorations in
Western Australia.
— — Mr. John Arbowsmith— Patron's Medal — for the very important ser-
vices he has rendered to Geographical Science.
■ ■ — Mr. William Landbbobough — a Gold Watch — for successful Explora-
tions iu Australia.
Mr. John M*Kinlay— a Gold Watch— for successful Explorations in
Australia.
Mr. Fbbdebiok Walkeb— a Gold Watch— for successful Explorations
in Australia.
1863. — Captain J. A. Gbant— Patron's Medal— for his journey from Zanzi-
bar across Eastern Equatorial Africa to Egypt, in company with
Captain Speke.
Baron C. von deb decken— Founder's Medal— for his two Geo-
graphical Surveys of the lofty Mountains of Kilima-njaro.
- Rev. W. Gifford Palorave — the sum of 25 Guineas — for tho purchaso
of a Chronometer or other Testimonial, for his adventurous Journey
in and across Arabia.
1864. — CapUin F. G. Montgomtrik, b.k. — Founder's Medal— for his Trigono-
metrical Survey of North- West India.
VOL. XXXVII. f
lxxxii Award of tlte Royal Premiums.
1864.— Mr. S. W. Baker— Patron's Medal— for his relief of Capts. Spoke and
Grant, and his endeavour to complete the discoveries of those
travellers.
i Dr. A. Vahb£by — the sum of 40 Pounds — for his Travels in Central
Asia.
1865. — Dr. Thomas Thomson, m.d. — Founder's Medal — for his Researches in
the Western Himalayas and Thibet.
^— . Mr. W. Chandlksb— Patron's Medal— for his Survey of the River
l*urus.
M. P. B. du Cuaillu— the sum of 100 Guineas— for his Astronomical
Observations in the Interior of Western Equatorial Africa.
■ Moola Abdul Medjid — n Gold Watch — for his Explorations over the
Pamir Steppe, &c.
1806. — Admiral Alexis Boutakoff — Founder's Medal — for being the first to
launch and navigate ships in the Sea of Aral.
■ Dr. Isaac I. Hayes — Patron's Medal — for his memorable expedition
in 1860-61 towards the open Polar Sea.
ACCESSIONS TO THE LIBRARY,
From May 28th, 1866, to May 28th, 1867.
[ When LONDON is the place of publication, the trord London if omitted,']
Title* of Boo**. Donort.
Amen, H. ton. — Karten und Profile sur Geologic der Halbinseln Kcrtsch und
Tainan. The Author,
Transcaucasie in 18G4. Moscow.
Melanges Physique? et Chimiquea. St. Petersburg, 1865.
La Geologie du Daghestan.
Kaukasischrn Landern. Map. 4 to. Tiflis, 1865.
The Author.
Abbt, E. S.— Residence in United States of North America. 3 vol-. 1835.
Thomas Falconer, Esq.
Abyssinia. — Farther Correspondence respecting the British Captives in. Folio.
1866. India Office.
Addison, J.— Italy in 1701-1703. 1726. S. M. Drach, Esq.
Aix lea Bains, Guide. 12mo. Chambery, 1855. S. M. Drach, Esq.
Axcas, G. T.— Polynesia. 1866. 12mo.
Australia. 12mo.
SOCTETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,
Annalea de la Prop, de la Foi. 23 vols. 8yo. Paris, 1825. By Purchase.
Ansted. — Physical Geography. 8vo. 1866. The Author.
Argentine Railway Company Reports. 1866. The Directors.
Astronomia del Rey Don Alphonso, Rey de Castilla. Folio. Madrid, 1866.
Academy of Madrid.
Aucapttaike. — L'Origine des Berbers. Paris, 1867. 8*o. The Author.
Australia, Statistical Register of South Australia for 1865. F. S. Dutton, Esq.
Austria and Prussia, Narrative of War between. 8vo. 1866. J. Power, Esq.
Baden.— Beitrage zur Statistlk. 4to. Carlsruhe, 1866.
Society of Commerce, Baden.
Baer, K. E. — Berichte tiber die Anmeldung eines mil der Hautgefundenen
Mammoths, 4c The Author.
Baieie, Dr. — Bida in Nupe to Kano in Haussa. Folio, 1866. Foreign Office.
Barer, S. W. —Albert Nyania. 2 vols. 8vo. 1866. The Author.
Barlow, D.— Notes on Columbus. Folio. New York, 1867.
The Hakluyt Society.
Bastian, Adolf. — Die Voelker des OeBterlichen Asien, 4 vols.
The Author.
Bauernfeind, C M.— Die Bedentong moderner GrandmessungeD. s vo. Munich,
1866. The Author.
BtxcHiT, G.— Relatione dei Consoli Veneti nella Siria. 8vo. Torino, \8,6fc.
The iTAXtAM AttftA^K^oa,
/*
I XXX IV
TttU* •/ Byoi*. ftwr?.
Hi i< i m n, A. T. do — Klba »n<i otlwr UIkuSk in TyrTfecomw S«u *ro. Trani-
Utcd by v. J«r4» I M, Dlu
niiFHT.- Vcnctio, wiili the Quadrilateral, ito. 18GC, War Orn<r.
Ki.fci-Mr., W. 4i.— Siipi.lt iiii'iit to itir Imp. ml Qatttt«r> IK'17. ft
Tin. Cii.i i-i | .
BOOK I'.f ..l.n u Ibrfa linpStcam-boiUr*, &C PnvuaTOD*
BoaftljJ lfcirbmir, UgbtiSfl up (In; fnfniice of, Ml Kim Ol
Botanic Oiigrr**, tUport of 16C7.
Tin' Siw iirTilt 04 'i in- COUU BOTAffX 'ancix.
,,,,<, Q i,c— Viagpy in Kitropt, A»ij, Africa. 1G*7. I
Uiucn, E*,.
Hmwnn, II TCK. EbbtT dt* Zritnll^r ill* gwgntyfam Kadoxo*. 8»o. I.«lpii£
Thi Acnion.
L'cbordio anukco Name* Jcr llaumwollc in Alui-
i bi li tm
UlUXAIUOl, B.— Klilide Jcs I ; ;s- 3vo. 1850.
The Actum*.
Brar, VTvrovvT— Kxtnln* of thi* Weitern Nnlion*. Bvo. 1865. Uy Penan a «l
IIta*. IV a ,1 Khidr Id the PvtoUh Gulf w Cawlm in lb« ltc4 Sea,
in liivjAftr 1619. 8vo, Ilouibftj, 1866. Tin- Ai i.
CjUH'K. J. II.— KriM:bcft7urL'it>Uu£cQ fur ilie .lugeud. 4 toU. l2mo. UruiiAwkk,
1606-1.. B, M. Dbacb, Eat
CiMUAft, Dos G. ©■. z Cani>.— Ilttiom (icDortl do I* Flo
Madrid. l?tl H; 1'imcHAtt.
CifiTir*, Jaojuih- Voyage au Cai>odn*n 1511. 8vo. Parti, 1K»7.
Jty PORCOAIK.
Oo;)'inii Sea, llvdnif.iupLir t-t ;\ Mi >iu<>iiim|ih , (fa. Si. 1Yli't»lmr([n, 13C5-
fl. Tm.i nwv. \"u ■- Admiral.
OjUBUI^Ai]* — I.aMor4«#t Im UI.b .lc l-rigo, Il)-dra,*t ZsinV BVO, Pari*.
IfOV. & M Di
CbtaAaji !'-• Clmrrncttct do. 12mo. Chambcrr, l«vi 8. M. Dturn, E*q.
< Lin i !.'i |ftl of trade in porl». Ac . 0| '. Mi:iii;'li;ii. iw..%
(;. II. PksxwTi E*i.
Tradt of porU in 18G5-66. 41a Shanghai, UCG. G II- Ffmor, K*v
Cliauin i -.*. !». litno, N, P. N.D. H) Puovuaul
Ciikmck, Ch, do. — L* Caid* a Poitiers. Svo. Poitiort, 1
> M DlAOtt, t&q.
Cxmoty, K. L. aad II. — Reliqais AqviUuic*. 41a.
The Kxu?c?to«k <>i IKjl Omtarr.
( iAi.ni, A !.<•< PonsCuwox. ^rn- Konii*. lAf.r.. Tlir At mm
Sal Mote Ondoto d*l M«rv. 8vo. UGS. Th« Aotuuh.
••, I« — Dut P»Mi(>U5piel su Olier-AiiiurrgAU. 6to. MftscbfOi II
& M. Lh.mm. &<(.
CoLQCunrx. 1*. — Tlw Pnlioo oftbo Bft CTOpoUl %W» 179G. S. W- DlUCTU B«.
CgcHtT ur„— 1/ Kin pi rt do MiUru, H?o. Piri», l»C<i. Bf Pi'ucjiaaj:.
CftAWtUAD, J.— Ob th« Skiu, b<xf u T««u of ih» H»c« of Mad. ll«7. S*o.
I '••: AtTilOK.
On Vrgclullc And Auiuul Food of llv Nuti»t» of Amrtralis. *c.
of tU Royal Geographical Society. Ixxxv
TUla of Bookt. Doiu>r$.
Crawford, J-, Od the Classification of the Races of Han, Skull-form. 1867. 8vo.
The Author.
.. On the Supposed Aborigines of India.. 1867. 8vo. The Author.
.. On Migration of Cultivated Plants in Relation to Ethnology. 1867.
8 ro. The Author.
Coxlbm, Dm.— The Daxien Indiana and the Ship Canal 1867. 8vo.
General Balfour.
Cutler, J.— Notes on Spa, Brussels, 1854. S. M. Bbacb, Esq.
Daxton, H. O. — History of British Guiana. S vols. 8to. 1655.
T. Falconer, Esq.
Daubekt, H.— St Remo. S. M. Dbach, Esq.
Deloire, E. F. M. Dupbk.— Grand Charterense pros de Pavie. 8vo. Valence,
1861. S. M. Dbach, Esq.
Guide de Varallo. 8vo. Varallo. 1861.
S. M. Dhach, Esq.
Guida al Sacra Monte. Milan, 1861.
S. M. Dbach, Esq.
Dix, J. A. — Madeira, 8pein, Florence. 8vo. New York, 1857.
T. Falconer, Esq.
Dchlop, C- — Brazil as a Field for Emigration. 8vo. Bates, Heni>t, and Co.
Dos, P.— Des Principaux Monuments de la Ville de Troyes. 8vo. Paris, 1638.
S. M. Drach, Esq.
Dobpix, W. T.— Plains and Rivers of Canterbury. Folio. Christchurch, N. Z.,
1866. The Author.
Edwards, Captain. — Voyage in II. M.S. Pandorah. 8vo. Berwick, 1793.
By Purchase.
Eslrimanx and English Vocabulary. 1850.
HVDROGRAPHICAL DePABTMENT OP THE ADMIRALTY.
Estajccbxin, L. — Les Normans en Afrique, etc. 8vo. Paris, 1832.
By Purchase.
Fairman, E. St. J. — Geology and Agriculture. 1867. 8vo. Florence.
The Author.
Falconer amd Simpson.— The Oregon Question. 8vo. 1845. The Author.
Fau.t, p. — An Account of Jersey. 8vo- 1734. By Purchase.
Facnthorpe, J. P.— Physical Atlas, Elementary. 1967. M. R. The Author.
Fawreb, F, — The ' Argonauticns ' of Apollonius Rhodius. 8vo. 1780.
S. M. Drach, Esq.
Flxmtmo, F. P. — Mauritius. 12mo. The Author.
FlI'okl, J. C. — HandclsplaUe in Europa. 1788. Svo. Frankfurt
S. M. Dracb, Esq.
Foettkhle, F. — Mittheilungen der Geograph. Gesellschaft. 2 vols. Vienna,
1866.
Forbes. — Cotton in the Southern States. 8vo. 1866. India Office.
Forster, J. R.— Sicily, etc 8vo. 1773. T. Falconer, Esq.
Fothbs-qtu., W. — Was the Electric Telegraph invented by Wheatstone ? 3 Parts.
1856-57. Presented by Capt. G. Arbuthnot, R.A.
GuTRELt, J. E.amt II Blandfobd.— Calcutu Cyclone, October, 1864. 8vo.
Calcutta, 1666. India Office.
lnxil
Acctmofi* to the Library
Grcrn, A.— Iron Wxicn of Swill*** ia .\»n*u.
Amm
Hi«b*dcn.
- M Piucn. Kiq.
Gnu maw, A— TraiuJ dca Projection* dc» Carle* g*ogro|.Uiquc*. 3vo. Ivi«,
Thr Autiiuk.
Gk*vt*,A N*w Bmpcwiek, frro. Ixrodnn, 1S«7. T. Fai-cokwi, I>|.
I i EBd ""I RtidBN) \ t'r:iliiilnrj.
CutaixG. 11. Richakm, II ydroj: rusher tt> ill.* Admiralty.
GorrmiH', .!. L.— Hbtork ftitpo«m. FoBo. FmiiWf.ni, n;ni. Hy n ncitaa*.
Almaniii")) d»r Kilter.
GragbUOnidn i-»><». *W8i 111 Dkiea K»|.
Gaoi'MU, Hi**. Kut. tit* (ilucUn du Squad (into Fwncli bj A tCflfftltoJ 4VL
1770 H> PmniAH.
:.ibU;ui, Description dr. 'J vol*, *v>>. I'lti-i;, 173L,
S. M, Uucil, E^.
GuixuArr, C — CtfuaOpfotd, - vi>:>. ho. tl By Pro
Haadt, J.— Headwater* of die WmtuWi. Folio. Cbri*iclinrcli. N. '/.,
III. All
Uakixit EfoCttTI : Uimric Karl***. Bui Africa and Mnli)»r, ICtb ccmurj.
*ra 1HGG,
.. . ... Cttluj tod ill"* Wiy Thitii.T Svo. 1MB 1:
ll.»*ll ton, I). -Iljgli Kin|rc* of lh» Aimuumlby Mountain, *vn. M&dr.v .
C. R. Maf.kium.
EUfCft J. J.— Tbtf Ol*u PoUrSaL *«>, J. fy PCSOUil
HOJL OiVALD,— PolnliiiiJ.-ii. /-'ic>*li. *\0. 1867, fy PPSCl
)!n'.vi',< I-i. IflllnittlSoM t ; * ' i : i ■ j 1 1 .- • Juv*, |*nrin, I
Mini»ti:hk r-r. i.% M I
Hixmiiukm, O.— Cbarlwn do terT» on Rauf*. Sto. Si. IVimhurj?. liiw.
I If AiTiion.
- Eicli»»ld* Guraerkui:tK>n « uVn GffoloRUohvn Kartcn BmilittJ?
i ..
tt\<\.
UnBMCI. Tnu».— P/r*:nii Monarchy, fa* 1634.
■ ;*, A. V.— AirlmlTfiihnrg mwl ftfiaf ' '"RflpoOv.
ll« 1
AachaJfeabar* \ )>
s H Dim
UtOUuX, VT. 1*— Height Olid Orlut uf November Met**"-*, Mm b. II
' mioa.
Hunus.— -Tho Chemiral Lftboi Bonn toJ ft
Tiiv Low i«intt orCbcxcoLoi RmreiTUMr.
littism, C. E.- Hcttlircibuog von l*r&ii*(7i*bruiin. "to, PllCfe
, .1.— Farewell Addrea*. Amhri-polopral Soofetwaf London. The Anno*
Hcggialurcdc* Jliaauliiii Mil IWuig Trepo. Veuriii. IMI.
Sir CTl
India, Swrrcj uf Ilci^liU. 8 volt Hwtkttt ItM Gov. i.kx. rj Iwrwx-
[itfOWWlJl lUilirBys niid Caiuita. Wuhiufldii, 18C'.
i Bi Sai i in iA*uii.ar.
Uwisc. K.— Voyaje Dpi a. mo. i;it. BrPimcn
of the Royal Geographical Society. Ixxxvii
Title* of Books.
Donor*.
Jaeob. — Singapore, Malacca, Jit*. 8to. Berlin, 1866.
By Purchase.
Jimuoi, T.— State of Virginia. 8to. 1 "87.
T. Falconer, Esq.
J runes nnd Fritscb. — Jarhbncber fur Meteorologie und Erd magnetism us far
1864. 4lo. Vienna Akademib.
Jerdan. 5«e Berneaad.
Jordan, W. L.- -The Elements: Ocean and Atmosphere. S vols. 8vo. 1866.
The Author.
Julius, W. A. — Lemmering and Reichenau. Wien, 1858. S. M. Drach, Esq.
Ken nelly, D. J. — Catalogue of the Library of the Bombay Geographical Society.
Bombay, 1862. 8vo. The Author.
Kerstek, D. — Colonization in Ost-Africs. Wien, 18G7. By Purchase.
KsLAjratorr. — L'EthnoRTaphie de la Perse. 4to- 1866. The Author.
Kibo, Bom W.— The Sportsman and Naturalist in Canada. 8to. 1 866.
The Author.
Knight, W.— Dardanelles, from Tenedos to Mamora. 8vo. 1849.
S. M. Drach, E«q.
Kn&tbx, A.— Der Niger der Alten. Glogau, 1866. By Purchase,
Kosncat, Prof, ton.— Heinrich Barth. 8to. Berlin, 1866. The President.
Kofsch, H., and Tainor, E. C— Notes on Peking, to accompany Map. 8vo.
Shanghai, 1866. The Authors.
Korbeb, P. ton. — Bembcrg, Bayreath, Erlangen, and Comberg. Bamberg.
N. D. S. M. Drach, Esq.
Labbabt, G. — Lst Question da Pole Nord. 8to. 1867. The Author.
Lanue, H.— Eisenbahn-post und Dampfschiffa Karte von Europe. 8vo. Berlin.
1866. The Author.
Laubat, C. P. dc— Cartes des Vents. L'Ocean Paciflqne. 1864.
MlNISTBRE DE LA MARINE.
Lataixet, M. A. — Canal Maritime de 1'Isthme de Suez. Paris, 1866.
D. A. Langez, Esq.
Law, J. — The Alps of Hannibal. 3 vols. 8to. 1866. The Author.
Letts, A. H. Dr.— International Sanitary Conference of 1866. No. 101, Bombay
Rccords, 1867. India Office.
Lep age, H.— Nancy et ses Environs. ISmo. Nancy, 1844. S. M. Drach, Esq.
Lesley, J. P.— Five Types of Topography. 4to. N. P. N. D. The Author.
Lesseps.— Percement de l'lsthmus dc Suez. 8vo. Paris, 1866. D. Lanue, Esq.
Compagnie Universelle de l'lsthmus de Suez. 8vo. Paris, 1866.
D. Lande, E«q.
Leubel, A. G.— El Peru in 1860. 12mo. Lima, 1861. W. Bollaeht, Esq.
LrrHGOW, W. — Through Europe, Asia, and Africa. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1770.
By Purchase.
Llotd's Wreck and Casualties List for 1866. 4to. 1867.
Lloyd's Wrfck Committee.
Louis XVIII.— Voyage a BruEelles et a Coblentz, 1791. 24mo. Paris, 1823.
S. M. Drach, Esq.
Lyall, B. — In Russia and Crimea, Caucasus and Georgia. 8vo. 182V
By Purchase.
Mahes, F. — Nurnberg. Nurnberg, 1843. 16mo. 8. M. Drach, Esq.
lxuvjii AoccuioH* to Ike Library
Macuomami, J. C— I 'on l>*nU©n to Ilia Gulf of Carpentaria. Fed in. iw,rt.
The l'»?
Maclu*. Sir Thus.— Verification and fetmita of Xm CniuV* An of Meridian.
muiiit, 01 Egypt. Hague, irw. ■ at Duok K*q
Mai.tk Unu.f.-L'lUptorution do Ovfcnd BoUft an Tooat « JUl CaWt l'*rii
1966. I hi Aitiiom.
NAxcntx. M K- v„r Ib txmjriwdc de la Cdte Oriental*' t\- l'A i-Sud.
an. •»,',.
Mam.*, Dr.— Mclvurolugical Obacnalloui it PictonuariuUur?, ItSfc **btto K. 1).
Th* Amiun.
Mmhiuv. C It riiinci mi :itlon In Trtunncorr. 1*03.
Ckincunt Cultivation in ludlfl. 1«nl»>. !$M. Tha AlTlio*.
Sp*nl*li Irrigation. Svo. 1867. Tl..- Annua.
Martins, J. da Silva Oootroho. Eiplomilo do Rio Pbtm. Klo 'If Ja)
I'll*
Matoase. Aubjatc.— Vujajc uu Mj II). 8yo. to Hayc. 1*GG.
9y rVlllal
.i:vno*T, J. I.. ('. P. VAM.— Vijf Jnmi in Japan, IMMMBL 3 *«!■.
tfajB. l*y riiaoiA«».
Msiciwia«mu. M. The Nuni ofMi.uk. 1ft*. N.P. S \X
s M hiiinitVaV
ItXHrirnBBt W. I.,— Hrpurl. Wtwr-n Ailui and Suei folaCca vi-,
Pnli .
IflOaUaWa, F. r Riua*.— KtplnmtlnnnilriaM imrt* drift A la erica, etc. llruaatls,
:•< ;. TIib Acrnoflu
i i.l, A. H. lotlM* EaVavba* di C. Colombo, •▼©, UIO. By Pd*c*abs.
u.J.-\ isiigiainnvrvdiU Vencniniii. 4tta> Vmeiia. 16»i.V By FuavttAa*.
M USE, J !li-(- dm Soiawa, 6 vols, 8ro, Pari*, ITOfi. & M. Dkach, Kaa,.
"mi tntd taint fioj^liungrii. Aaebcn. N.D.
Daa<b, E*j.
Nabm, F— Viag^io in tVwhie. Rftflt, t««. «». n.i \i rw.tr.
IVI Climadi HuQdoKoro. Romo. t96l. Tnc Airrnoa.
.. . DSflbftiOM OtOfifnbUi Bmb#, l*C«. Th» Atrtnoa.
BoDa NOpVli -MIc OriK»»fl Id MB* Henna, ljfi-1, T
Sulla ttato piMwuU d*i lavorj |wl Liglio d»H' iitim> 41 Boat. 1S67-
Thi» Al
O'Umk*, r. -DanuVrnt. Piwipaliii. ». rastdasm in. Km, MS I
S. M, Dbacs, R»f.
tVItKii.i.T, P- — TnrTrnnwcrim Pr«. b l EfDO. Uaoeio, l«.V Imhi iv.
I'm. ii> tn it. II. An !'•■ I HoBoA*, tVo. i-. '.|. .■.,:. llCf, i:_» I'i .-.< n» -.
I'.iiuvm. !>»..— I)u riaiimplii-n iltf Drndcrali i-l I*ari«,
Tbi Actroa.
Pabwii — Khone and t»ii» f:hart»r»«i#. a vola. «vo. I««. & M DftACI
(JfCMc, 3 i;nr. Tuon. FAbcoHn
i BaMaot, P«r*tBii i;ult— 4J««naii ]{oui«a, ota. No, ?a, Gai#maiat
of ItuniU) BffpOfll, i- .i
PaWU, & -PfeAcntiou «f Pauica. tfvo. lav Aciuua.
of the Royal Geographical Society. lxxxix
Title* of Booh. Donor t.
PctebjLahm. — Dm nordlichste Land der Erde. Maps. 4to. Goths, 1867.
Justus Perthes.
Petrol— Army of Great Britain. 18mo. 1866. War Office.
Pl*tx»awn, J. — Ana der Bai von Paranagua. 8vo. Leipzig, 1866.
H. W. Bat** Esq.
Polak, J.— Ischler Jahrer. 8vo. Ischl. N.D. S. M. Drach, Eaq.
Pomponil Mela de Chorographia, lib. 3 (Parthay). 8to. Paris. By Purchase.
Portogneaen, etc., in Oosl- en West-Indien. 8 vols, folio. Leyden, 1727.
By Pubchask.
Prenaaicbe Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Berlin, 1866. Illustrated. By Purchase.
Quadei, A-— Compendia della Storia Veneta. 12mo. Venezia, 1836.
S. M. Drach, Esq.
QuaTUBFAaEs, De.— Let Polynesieus et lears Migrations. 4to. Paris, 1866.
The Author.
Quextth, Ch. — Paraguay. 1865. 90 pages. 8vo.
Bajiaoj, A. M. Lopez y. — Alcala de Henares. 8vo. Madrid, 1861.
The Authob.
Reeuell de Voyages en Afrique et en Amerique. 4to. Paria, 1684.
By Purchase.
Retool, J. G. F. — De Eedaflegging bij de Tooe-ven-Boelor in de Minahasa, Plates.
De Uitbarsling awoch Jarvena in 1856.
Inilah Kilab Taman-wandi. N. P. N.D. The Author.
Bike, A. F.— Gronland. 8vo. Copenhagen, 1866. The Author.
De Danske Handelsdistrikter i. N. Gronland. 2 vols.
The Author.
Koebuce, J. A.— The Colonies of England. 8vo. 1849. J. Falconer, Esq.
HoHLrt, G. — Den Innern Afrika*. 8to. 8 pages. Bremen, 1866.
The Author.
Bomat.— Adventures of Ladialaus Magyar in South Africa. 1849-57. Abstract, 4to-
Dr. Hon ay.
Bosxn, G. — Das Haram von Jerusalem, etc 8vo. Gotha, 1866. By Purchase.
Rosa, F- C. — Visit to Kej ; routes through Me k ran. Kurrachee. 8vo. 1865.
Commissioner of Simd.
Notes on Mekran. 11 pages. Commissioner of Sind.
Both, J. F. — Nurnbergisches Taschenbuch. 1813. Nurnberg.
Rowley, W. — University Mission to Central Africa. 1866. 8vo. By Purchase.
Iluasia, Memoirs of the Topographical Bureau of War of. St. Petersburg, 1867.
Vol. 28. Hussian War Office.
Sarouier. — Plusieurs Voyages a la Cote d'Afriqoe. 1792. S. M. Drach, Esq.
Sawrimb and Wall, on Geology of Trinidad. I860. School of Mines.
Schmrjxers, J. A.— Handschriften zu Miincheu. Munich, 1666. 2 vols. 8vo.
H. Haln, Esq.
Sbephehd, C. W.— North-west Peninsula of Iceland in 1862. 8vo. 1867.
The Author.
Silver, 5. W.— Guide to Australia. 1863. The Authob.
Simleri, J.— Voiles ik et Alpinum Descriptio. 1633. S. M. Dhach, Esq.
xc Aversions to the Library
TMtt of IkrtJii. /*wi,
S»i in nud Thl'ILUEji.— Manual for yur.«.v tOf, India. 8m I I
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Bll </. Tki.vk.u.yan.
QBS, H— -Trivi-U of an Arab Merchant in Uit> Smidan, Dirfur V, ■
xvii H. M. Diktat, K*q.
Sumti dnUa IfiNtiaotdii "■ (Etna. »'*. imi. b. m. Diucu. Kmj.
arm -» k, Orm.— Ni«»i»i Riapttsarawaxta, n<». m Fntartl
Tti.- Atmton.
BwrxnqKK, T-— TrawU in the Two Kicilir*. 3 toIi. <|o. 17K.V lii IVium, i
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TaMIO ; !l. I ii. ■ i ; • . i ■■ i , |.in,>. Ivor I .i It-rat r.n-. VoK *, fnrt .1.
Tl'lM-', W. *<»*,— F.iu TairlnMilinHi, Ac Dnslen. 182.1. ft M. DfUl u. E M
*; On (JiutrU and Opal. Edinburgh. I Tho ALTUOJL
I.. hiirii'T of NctlD A:i:ci(1i. J»a i;?8. J. I'aixomk. Batt>
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.. . .. .* Van. Wafcrnohaa m Crarhuh MlflL
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K imml imnr Jirni in l
N'auikc, I\ J.— Da Ocnaia a Licboa. etc XCiu «lc Jauciro, 1*00.
The Alii
Six Yean in Wat Africa.. Hit IhGL Th- Annan.
Vabmiaukx, F. A. — AnwifloVcffuccii tou Caricturv.aa ICcr(t».Af. U,m*. I3C6.
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«a\4 I ■■ I- I alio Madrid, ;
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Vc>anc da rKarepe, d> I 'AM 1 1 . ct dc JAmc'rSiiuc. J tola Ala. Pfcria. ITTft,
>TAi.n«iCiJ,Kn. M. I!.— S*» ontrapi'*, toe. Par ua niMinjliile. Thl id
of the Royal Geographical Society.
xci
TitUt of Booht. Vonort.
Watson, Governor. — Report on Bahamas, 1864. 8to. The Author.
Watson, W.— Australia formerly a Satellite of the Earth. MS. Sydney, 1866.
The PutaiDKNT.
Whtttt, J. J. — Proposed Water Supply for Jerusalem, Ac.
Jerusalem Water Relief Society.
Water Supply of Jerusalem, Ancient and Modern. The Author.
Wilson, J. M.— Gazetteer of England and Wales. 8to. 1866. Presented.
Zealand, New, Statistics of, for 1665. Auckland, 1866.
Zjeolxb, J. M. — Zur Hypsometric der Schweis und sur Orographic der Alpen.
Sto, Winterthur, 1866. The Autiiob.
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Ommakt—
Ablism1iun|rKii |«f «1.m- g onla ilei MurgenUudes* The Suctm.
Akmdeuiic ilvr Wit cnaouaft >u MOnehcu. The Academy.
of the Royal Geographical Society. xciii
TWtt. Donors.
Geographischen Mittheilungen tod Petermann.
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tod Foetoerle. The Societt.
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Quadro Elementar das Relacdes Politicas, Ac, de Portugal.
Acad, op Sciences, Lisbon.
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TUUs, Donoit.
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ACCESSIONS TO THE MAP-ROOM.
Fbom Mat 28th, 1866, to Mat 27th, 1867.
ATLASES.
Maps, Charts, $c. Donors.
Hand- A tin iiber alle Theile der Erde and fiber das Weltgebaude. Erste Ausgabe,
1817. Jubel Ausgabe, 1867, berausgegeben voq Adolf Stieler. Gotha.
42 maps. Justus Perthes, Esq.
Geographischer Hand-Atlas fiber alle Theile der Erde. By Dr. Henry Laoge.
Leipsic, 1865. On 30 sheets.
Historisch-Geographischer Hand-Atlas. By Dr. Earl von Sproner. Gotha, 186S.
31 maps with letterpress. Justus Perthes, Esq.
Atlas of Geography. In 2 vols. By N. Visscher and F. de Wit. Amsterdam,
1650. Purchased.
Imperial Atlas of England and Wales. By A. Fullarton and Co. London, 1866.
Parts 3, 4, and 5. Scale 1 inch = 4 miles (stat). The Authors.
Atlas von Sachses ; ein Geographisch-Physikalisch-Statistisches GemaJde dcs
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Schul- Atlas von Konigreich Sachsen fur den gebrauch der Schfiler beim Unterricht
in der Vaterlandiscben Geographic. By Dr. Henry Lauge. Leipsic, 1860.
3 maps. Scale 1 inch = 11*2 miles (geo.).
General Missionary Atlas from Original Sources. By Rer. R. Grundemann,
Ph.D. Part I. West Africa. Justus Perthes. Gotha, 1867. 2 copies.
1 German, 1 English. Justus Perthes, Esq.
Atlas of Upper and Lower Canada. By Joseph Bouchette. London, 1831 .
Dr. M ACLOUCHLIN.
THE WORLD.
Chart of the World on Merca tor's Projection,
and Ft. t. Sttilpnagel. Gotha, 1867.
EUROPE.
Constructed by Herman Bergbans
Justus Perthes, Esq.
25 Sheets of G. D. Reymann's Map of Central Europe. Scale 1 : 200,000.
tis.: —
No.
86. Tondern.
8c. Ripen.
9a. Flensbnrg.
9b. Apenrade.
10. Liitxenburg.
24. Lubeck.
40. Lauenburg.
67. Zwolle.
82. Haag.
83. Rotterdam.
84. Arnheim.
107. Halberstadt.
122. Diisseldorf.
148. Dresden.
182. Schweinfurt.
202. Bamberg.
209. Olm qU.
212. Paris.
255. Tubingen.
257. Augsburg.
282. Basel.
285. Lindau.
286. Fusseo.
323. Buchengtein.
330. Tricot,
Ar,-f\siont to the Majt-Raom
JftjN, Chartt. 4e, Atwxf.
Ausvku — '
Map of the Scene of the l&te Dottle* in Bohemia* Photo-«inco|jrapbe»l
nt ilie OrJoaoe* Survey Office, SouihompiOD, 18" Bcalt t Inen
BM{gffc} T/k-mc or Stat*, Wu Of ncc
Mupynr Corona V: rtaH ,i.\ .1 Ml Um • '"i»p>armw.ixi «-v rvfomi
rgyvtBdJi ii ...
LffWc Borgiao*, Afuiui ci Utmeij PA1. uoiha, ICOO. Smlr
Ju>ti ». Pcaroaa, tiaq.
.iite to M irij nftoft m Mihra dU don infMlaBdMHano*
ilium. BchlrrioDi rin'Mxi... 1 iii«- Oiiiimiiii' Bom? Oflovt
houtliamptub, l8Ct. <)u 4 iboCtl ftU I i ich I mill ■ ■■ 1
TJu Baa at Statk, Wu Orncn.
Kuvirooi or KoMttwrg, from lh# AtiMn.iu 1 ;.v^ri,munt Map. )
■ < i ,1 i (i.i OrdM Offloa, HrmthuopMB, i*i;<;
&al« I mull a 3 milt* (|«J | The Sk vr 3rarfi, Wax Oukx.
Kuvinuih of VXOBA Mid l'frthiiff. fruru l!i> >.i>i.>m ■ | >.
Photn-ilooograpbad ai th* DrdfUfiOl Nnn.v «»::: bMiptoo,
I f.r. .-. . .... r..p
The 3rr. ur State, Wa* Oiti> < .
Orifpnallarta da« SuM*n-< .. | (. i i i :.«•■ I'-' >.■>■. Golba, 1897
A. L'rrKMMASK, K*].
FlITIMI IkfJB —
■ UtCI Mil-* — 1-iiirh K-ali- (jUftgtom '
-J It'ifer—
Sbevta Wit K.w.audxu; 10$ 0&; ami I lo tvg, D
Slice w 2*. 35,38.aiid 4V Ili'lsi. ■
Ord*a*c* Mai'»— 6-iuch tealc (OOBDtM)*-'
x7n0ftincf and Wtita—
i b I Ml '. 01 0, ''i '■'■ BO, »f, 00, *>". u d 10«
Do NotthBmbop]«Dd> 81 i ■". I, A, 0, Ml, ISU, 9,15, iy. 10, »\ 31,
59, 93, 'J4, M, S6, 01, IS, S9, 30, 33-31, 35, 3(i, 3:. 3*. :w, 10, H, ij,
4.1, «•, 4%. 18, 47. 4:*. 50, HI, M, as. 54, ftfc. n . •. m. r.i, «*,
ft BiM, Mai 8T, <;*, 09, re, ::. :*. 70, ;:.ui»l 9ft
■.,„/_
Ox A jr. Iiulra.
Co. P< 100, 103,104. tQO, 101, I"*. 100, 109, 110,
111,114, 115. Mi., n;, 118. 110, lv", 11-2, la3, ISM, lV.-s I
IU, 100, in, ISO, i:n, 184 . in;, 190,140, L4I, 140,
nod U.t.
Co. Renfrew, i*ndr*.
Odjuiavck Mart— 9Much settle ;Parl»be»>—
fflg/ilri'V ■<,../ U .fr-.
i niiiiM iLiii.;, Olttaoti; vtonAiiri! Tfl ibwa ; Dnrpctj -hrrfi;
i dclksa s,
Iihi ,|.,., ti ; Si rtlmml* i U id, 8T6 ftbcvu; Peti
ihlrei 4 iM
of/ftr Royal Grnrjnipkiral Society. MfSI
AbcrimuMrv. 1 79 »liccU. HmlTiMrr. ro »hrtt«; Forfarshire, Tiber*;
Km ■■-•r.:iue«klfel 16t> »h«t»; l'titli, 317 •bccta.
-J—
baata,
Oodviaci: HAM — U and 10-ftat tcalw <To»n«;
JtyauJm* fTobP—
909 Sheen: *i»., Alnwick, Cartilla, (Wk^rnvuiih, Minley, Marrnrtrt,
Morpr'.Ii. Piiinmtud, ltyde. .SliiTi'nrt*. OxtifUlft Whitehaven, Wl^lon.
■ml Workington.
Shaftl) «i*., AlMandfim, Alloa, Dan&MtM, Kiiltitiiill'irfc, wid Moti-
BAQB8b
Tohd 9l?l*hi«Mc
'I In- tiiM>s.\\rv AflOTf drr:i-r. SotmUXVTOSi
Amgh Sir II. Jaiuci, HL, Sujtrriutriidvui.
RlArk't new Ur%* Mip nf Koglan*) and Wale*, oceordtag to the Ordnance
and Admiralty nimpw. On u, tli«u. Hy J. Uoriholomew. r.iifi.i.
16, Soalo i ittt-li * mil*-*. Tlu- Ai'iuuti,
London.— A new M»p of Mrtropoliun Kttlwuyi and Mi»evllniHwtn< Im-
prSVtaavSUh K.-inriiiinw! in IBM, l'y K. >t:n.!..nl I^milun, isiif".
A b«» Mop of Metropolitan Rallwayi ud M "•'.'' lUncouc lmpro*cinenta
■ tod *t Um IViv^ic Bill CHBCO, Not. Join, l*-CC. lor BMta
B| & Stanford. London, L907, S«l« l Inch - 0-4 . ntla
(fro,)- Th» Altiiok.
lluli'p'i i,(» Plan ■ f <li« City - f Bdinbngfc and Lolth, *"nli 9obtarttt» Jta,
mile
Plan of the Citv «f GiaagOW, ■•ith Aihorbs from Ordnance Surrey*, &o.
Ht J Battbodonav, r k.« «. in.< . & .|«> fl in baas | u.ii,-,
Bl "» tarn Map nf [rvJaad ; ilio >.w. irtiect. By J. Itortbolwm v. M«6,
i inch _ i Tlie AuTitoit.
Fiuki ' —
OvM iii: ..!<■• v . ., Dtertananl <i<' Id Bail*. Od 4 aheeia. Uy
M. DeioBM. iw.x. Soilc l luch = i»3b mile igi-o.).
Cirit GcVlosiqu' do i ».■[-» -T, ,,..-mi da Belac pob'l i d'apitj In ofdita da
M. U Btfoa 0. 1'.. Haoaun ■ ■>■ I ■•■(•■{ dc la BafM< pur
tltaea, login loaf tUm Mlaoada Dfpartemani de li Halaa. Pafk,
Dm * kin i :■ i liruu 0 IhbogiapUDd, rvale I inch = H'3« mile
re- The Author.
I—
Kartc too Dtutfcliland. 0 Inert* Von Adolf Stitlcr. Gntha, 19C7.
Jnrruo ISiirnr.*, E»().
Map of tin- Scat of War In Gerrnanj. £, Stin»oki», r^oj.
Mop of th* S»-»l of W»r in Germany. Mwn. &mitu odJ Bom .
A loitij-K'tr 9el "f Ma m* In GiTuiony Id the Summit of
lliuwii'g t mi Hid WvfB*ia, in UlC ftai
bvtva n i .n hi and Autrta. id niAp*»on jj»1h.m», «u-
vii.
xcviii
Actr*xu>t\f CD iht Afep-Ilwm
M^t CWta,4e. Dm—.
I. Itetili-ArM uf Hkchofthclm. July 2*. 1860.
V, .. CUm
9, tabeim, July 25.
4. , , i ..'..-liit), June 9V.
i.ti.llier
HelmaXadt, to Jul; 33 u»l 26.
7. , , I : ■ ; .%,i»«;r, J nut* Jfi,
». Uuftil.. J.il> 13.
«, ,, Mui In !■. Juno »«.
t0 , , NarlHkl, he., June 37, V*. mill 'i*.
ti Podkoat, Jtm W.
It KiaKiitfen. Ac , July 10.
|s. .. Kotiij-grltx, 4 *hc?cii«.
14. ,. J 1 30.
li. Tnaunbau, he, Jtuu *j; and sk
ir,. ,. ehao.
l ;. A <;.... i-..1 Map frww Jncm to Kjniggrai*. Seal* 1 lech ■ C-Sg
Intel —
Map of Greece awl the Archipelago, Dy Dr. A, IVtcrw/inn. Ccih»,
|M The Avtiiok
i l'o! Plmi of tin- KaJmeali ui Bai i a the Crater offlvloria
ion of Neo IviiuK-iii, and ihc different
Soundiaj m iti tii i.iiy, cau»e«l l'i tlic- two recant arnpiiom. n
J. W. II. lUrv.T, \i...m:, li Ms. tJtW/or, L86«. Beali I Inch - 1 of
■ nftC 1 din I.. HniHR, H.M.S. Itarrr.
Xtior* Carta general? d«1 Hntrno d' Italia colln DWiaJOM anuninUtralini
nltr.nl.- n [*ln t.'niiitii «t4 d*ll| fl«*ngmtiu mill- u'ltiuV (li I Sclitapa-
relll c C. A K. Muyr. Gotha. 18)
Justus Pr.aruas, Eaq.
Map nf Vasal u L in) inly. On 4 ahee-la. Copied by llic aaoautie
. in |mv*. *t |hi Ordnunco Surr^v Otni*t>, Son 1) mm plod. Scale
I inch - 41 mik-».
Vrnrtiai ■ Jlrvintl Map of (he Quadrilateral, Gaa]« 1 inch = 1-4 mile.
Skcoataiiv or Stitk iob Wad.
Fri-mia—
Oiolofuclit- Karfr dcr niii'tnpmv'mxnnd drrProriiixWi «lf.iIcr,imAaflr»|*
flff ll..ml«l. <;.■*-. -rU- "'"I Bffvinli«b» AjI
lii-mt i.m dm III >i dl , nil DtnoiiuDs der iicnim htu ei Knoirl,
I ■■ '■ . i" imtrD, nntl drr I'M'f, ts.frii H'-i ks Cilrard uinl P. RnnMTa rmeh
-i idabtfaeilaaaaaartB uaa Kdwgl. Gcncralalal r* aaafrfUurl dureJi
Df M. tOB Dtcbt ii, Kimi^l. Hcrghauplmanc BhaX II -• , --', 32, and
33. Sealii I inch = 1'Uii mile.
Bora—
Ituatlaod uiid Sktiiiliua^iuii. I:> ■'. IVmiuuh. f.niha. lftttT. Scale I
lueli ■ I3H uiilca Igaov). TUr A in huh.
KMIen iur BUm d«T omgronliiiWii'ii and hTilrfigm|ihi»i-lkMi \
bollnlna »nn in- I ith- nod Knrl mil \ in r.-t'inplutch^T V«vi'U
ii'iil'r. K Kiil.lef. BeVll.IflaS. 4 limp*. Scale I inch l«*4 ndlM
1 1'* "• • i oft nor 1*. Uuah.
of the Royal Geographical Society. xcix
Maps, Charts, §c. Donors.
Four Maps in Russian Characters.
1. Map Of the Government of Moscow.
S. „ „ „ Niachni Novgorod.
3 Viatka.
4. „ „ Vladimir.
St. Petersburg, 1829. W. Spottiswoodb, Esq.
Sud-Russland and Kaukasien.
Sud-YVest-Russland und die TQrkei.
By A. Petermann. Gotha, 1867. Scale 1 inch = 50 miles (geo).
The Author.
Geologische Karte der Provins Sochsen von Magdeburg bis zum Harz.
Published on 4 sheets. Sheets S and 4 only supplied. B; Julius
Ewald. Berlin, 1865. Scale 1 inch = 1-36 mile (geo.).
Spats.
Les Monts Maudits (Pyrenees). By C. Packe. London, 18GP.
E. Wellbr, Esq.
Sweden —
Three Sheets of the Geological Map of Sweden.
III. O. 31 he. Ramnus.
I. W. 36 n.e. Wargada.
I. 0. 36 fl.w. Ulricemaun.
And Index Sheet and letterpress. Scale 1 inch a 0*68 mile (geo.).
Professor Axel Erdmann,
Bureau Recherche Geologique de la Su&le.
Ofrersigt Karta ofver Sodra Delen af Sverige, Scale 1 inch = 13-95 miles
(geo.) Professor Axel Erdmann,
Bureau Recherche Geologique de la Suede.
Karta ofver Njkopings Len utgifren af Topografiska. Corpsen, 1866.
Scale 1 inch = 2*79 miles (geo.).
Through Major-Gen. J. A. Hazeltus,
Chief of the Topographical Corps of Sweden,
Syttzerlakd —
Nine sheets of Dufour's Atlas of Switzerland, corrected to 1866, vis. :—
Sheet No. 3. Liestal and Scbaffhausen.
„ 4. Frauenfeld and St. Gallen.
„ 5. Rheineck.
., 8. Aarau and Zurich.
„ 9. Schwyx, Appenzell, Ac
., 10. Feldkirch und Arlberg.
,( 15. AltdorfandChur.
„ 15. Davos and Martinsbruck.
„ 18. Brieg and Airolo.
Scale 1 inch = 1*4 mile (geo.).
Carte Topographique du Canton de Geneve, levee par ordre du Gouverne-
ment 1837-8. Par Gen. G. H. Dufour. Scale 1 inch = 0*38 mile
- (geo-)- On 4 sheets. Professor P. Chaix.
Photograph of a Map of the Chain of Monte Rosa. From the Carte
Fe'dfirale of Switzerland, combined with an actual Survey of the Italian
side, made in 1865 by A. Adams Reilty, a.c.p.r.q.s. Scale 1 inch =
1-37 mile (geo.). The Author.
ASIA.
Arabia —
Croqnis exp&lie' dn Voyage de Palgrave en Arabic Pessinc* oar P«\V
Chaix, 1864. Scale 1 inch = 65 miles (geo.). Protean* V.Cakv3«
9*
Accessions to the Slip- Room
Jftpf, CKarti, .J/..
ASIATIC A:: :ci-i.:.a<jc» —
Ehlthtflni OOd \ trk«brfVSg* r,,,. .In i M,t \Wx\n\r-
111 1 tr der Knrir ion .v II. So rat1, scale 1 Inch- Ji J mile* (pro.).
Kiilitir -Knrtc *oii Jnvn, lIiniptA.ilili.-Ii each 1>t. F. Jmiglniha. Scale I
inch - Sl'.l only* rgvo.^, Ity A. lVurmai.r, liotlia, 1 Sf.C.
1 In- Adtuo*.
US —
The Mckran C<m«t fmm Kurmrlw to Owivlur. witi. I inn. It/*/ ruato
from 'i l l !■ i b • K:-. ■ ■ i!o I mrh = LSI I
[ inil -t ..i Cw !■■ I) D
Com i —
. : | P . lCnr.ii. and Apt* ini M«v-*t«l«.' tou t : r,W I
'.. I*. icrmaua, Goth*. 1 The ArnfoH.
L>iopriin DJ CMlHM TlrtSTT. * tinatmoipd Ity Copt. C Omrjrn, h K., snrl
Mr, V.. <". i fetes, (fin toe mow recent auiboriuts. May, 1 907. -**ixe
•J f(. by 10 ft &»Ir 3| iuclit* I il. ■;■■
I ■ . '■ RsJCD 0>do*m, r.*., c.n.
A Clnnwc Mop of Chins, on Gl sheet*,
A Chlocte Map of the Etarlaflfl of Slisu-ol. Dr. J. Lami-skt.
Map of the Imkt City of Ptkin, en «ilk i°6G.
Himit Kor-.ru ond BoWsSO Taixtmb. Imperial Cimtomi Btntflft,
l*Iuu of UJM RuflaO BcttlCBCDt M SoMCtsCh Sum. vol, lithographed, and
nu iti I til. I 'i, I. v Ordtf fit UM MiUiK-ijui COUWU "I Shaiiphac.
SOSII I inch - BOO Ml. J. POOS, 1><1-. i
K««iih* of a Scicritifie Mia>ion t« l»ilm find llifh Ait*, l'nrt 4. I
innim ■ ).■ >«liluj<i nt writ. SjiV iililnii'k) V!nl;.hr. :t:nl RohfM dl EM EBfl if) I -
MCIL ]»DdOD, IMG. ' =' I -mi <i» VTAT3 ran Imhi,
Mijinl the ']'i-,i CoQDtrittof Axamnml CSrhar. By Major Itnjrgi. !•!.•
Soparlntcndeoi Rngtnvon. By W m<i a K. Joosaton I dl
Scale 1 iLCh r l i : ■;.■:.. A. K. Jumnnvt*. i i.
Map uf the EaMtrn Portico of BritU* Bunnell arid Purmnh Proper,
' Hiin (tan M i Ma'**. Csupilsa
bj ff.Uoetfttnsrti i ■• from lutitaVftle doorasntts* M& Oi
Mis I iseh . mil ■ <■<■• ,
Coi. I Fit |0 an of T»uns»wrim.
Irrigation Map of the Madras PreVdsney, compiled from
tarnished i«\ Bani kotsftdtna Kngiotsn for tbc KseMsrj of BttUo for
l&dlft. B B mils*.
Omliuc lisp <-f the M kflni I'l-riJ- I., y, to Illustrate the project! com*im<l
iu lht propOBsd L'udgct for L9M o7. Bestc I inoh = 14 inilea.
0. R. MiHlUW, K«q.
PfOftaoi of Mart*h*n. from Martnhaii tn Toiinjniroo. Nurvey^d and
eoiupllod !>>■ A. Hoods/, froa iffla to I8s<. lo tbsrn >'i Borvti
Mariahan ProtlOOS, Mui.liujin, It-.'.ii. Botlt i Uicb - 8"47 nttffS,
Chi. A. Prroo*.
Mop of tbe Prortooo of rr;m. OottflM bj Uent B C. WUIIobd,
Bofilactf* svl Oflken of tbePcfii i r|n jII a\uilsblcittfurinu-
tiuu. UceeuibtT, 1855. tkalu 1 nali - ; OlUcS '. I
, A. Kyioisv
Fight Map* of pun of the rnnjinb. Hy Opt. D- IL RnWonDB, llmpal
>a to 1867. Sosk i Inch - \ ojUs,
bftftc Rnya? Geographical Socitty.
No
L Dbiriot of Bawd Piadi.
iWrt.
J. & CoTlll. Karj., TJI.C.J.
« 4, „ Itawnl I'.
M 3. i: v .H l'i.,i. nn.l .tliilnra.
,. e. „ JbIIud lad Sfaabpoor.
M T. ,, BawoJ riud'i, Jhiia.ru, and SaA&poof.
0 *. M Jl.iliitu, ^!i.»j»<H»r, and I-«io.
licut.-Culuutl D. It. ltOBl>- > Bl II. [JBWfli
Map* 1,,-rnrv. Koo ilhinrttc «ie prnRT«M
<tt Cinchona CuitWntlou up to July. I8A& 1J> Ch-int-iiU It Mark-
liAlM. Scxlc I iuvll B 2 lililta (>lill. . The .l! liimi
S —
Jd|auu»r Map ot Kbfl Rutpin oi -lupaa.
JupuMv; Map of (he City of Ycdo.
ILAMA
Bui*! K«f ihr QoOte taken bv Mr. Co! rill from Jtinliirf, follow-
■
Uou^Ti Map of Lie u l -Cut. GoMsmld and iltVfl Italta from
Ii(>4ih*u to Clinuujr an J Hiuiici Abhua BqbIc 1 ii" rvu. .
Rcwa—
M*p of thn KhirghLx-StcppjC n& Bwdqni of A« Onnhiirfc nun* Siberian
v. tvriniiicai with ttu CvnPwl fcUBtu Pom*
Scale l Incti - i,* LiIU-* ijjru.). SwntTAHV ur Stata-, W*a OrfU
SUM-
Oatftoe Map fthovlng the Booodlf) of the Siamese and British Territories.
Klttt, Mjj 1'JUi, ilc 1 inch ■ U dbSU ..<-< ■ i '^ coflfea,
('■,1. A. 1-iiciii.
Ccutn.1 Ajla, napped On 'lu- basts of till raOtt r*' • that nave
\*vu nitdtf !>/ Britiafa Bad ■ 'i-Bcvr*. Oonpaltd andST tlw
nt*mil<*n<u> nl litnt-Col .1 T. Wafktr m . ftjamrrnfendral ,]f
tjreat IMfiQuomttncal Survey of India, l»ub. So tic i inch - 4? milts
CI ft. Mxsuttuai, E*j.
A 'In, i | goutatfH Portion «1 'If n,;i t.i Aril. LBOl ;t,p th«> Delta
Amu D*rlA. or Oxu* ICivrr, fmm a UiimIao l'.:i.jlilrt. Mnj»-
IktWtll. R.I. A.
VtHMDCT—
Sfcttrh Nfnp nfa Journey made In AaffUt September, and October. 18M.
the ilvt'l I wu> ind lu ptitn-ij*!
I iMfi, (ha Knt Pf Karp lliitwu 6u. \l.-*i miucc* ••!' K/*il Iint.iL
or Hftlytj And thoM of iht U . ■ n p >> in I., if, nd Kb«
Tohimi«lig«A>lt to. V nh RoaM through th* lK-yifim 1 )■!!*■■ to
Coanl J, It Taylor. DUrbtkr, 1867. Be«lo 1 xook < 7nU<
Tin- AiitiiOR.
O>rto d« TA-ir Miiniiro, o -n tenant !«• Itincrpir.- OV Pi it Tehihflt.-hef, tn
.. ii Kitptrt Bomb ' loon ■ Wd rolU
A. rSTXtMAMS, Kd|.
CArtt- i ' .uturv. I'or P. dcTchiUbtWiL-f. Gc-tha, 1867.
¥<«lc 1 iu.:h = .'T'l tuiln
r. I. Mdhtiiihim, Burl., Pt*J|tt4t\^A**
INI
Accesxivm to the Map- Room
.l'7«, Chart*. 4c. tkmort,
Tri£*nomi'tri. ! BaTO) ufiarl nf KMflfQttnftl Ami Sherlai el Hi-ylha rrt
Ttel Ibrahim, with tlir Kivpra F,iHibrjii«*and Tiyrix. Hi i iu:i,;i . i
W B. Sdby nnd Licm. J. U. Dewnber, UT, L4G&-I S<alc I lucU
= 8 mile* igco.j,
Mip ol ihfl Boh Uod. CooitruoUil by C- W. M. Van ilc Vel»K \%w
Lieut Daidift.N. Oo € lUevU, with pauiuliki. And edition. Goth*.
1*66. J0lTC» I'l.HTlll*. Ei.j.
C.irte ill- la Ttrrv S^iutc. il«*'uitfc pur A. de MauJrut, l.iiui. I'dluml -
i'F.ul Majur f.VJcial, d'liprca Vau Jo Wide, Ikrglmu*, Ac. 1M7.
8c«l» I inch ■* 13 luilui (geo.,. Plot 1*. Cimx.
Carte du Count mferiear du Juunlua, dc la Mcr MortC M dr» rrfUum
qui I'avo'uincat. Dri'Mce pur Lieut. Vigoui ol Dr. Combe Mb4k1
Iciir Toyage avee M. I« Due dl l-uviu'i m 15*; i. l**ru, l*CR. Soalo
I inch bb :i-28 milea fj»o I bi LOfSDI
Otfttda Mf*dr Arobah ct fa Ul 3a Wady cl Jeib. Drtaale par Lieut.
M tll)r. Combe pendant K* or voyage avce M, It- Due nY Luwjc-i i-u
1864. Hnne, I8KS. Scale I luch - U"}e mU« g«0 I bi Utuor.
Ongiimlkaiic de» Tlit-iio roil rlliltTlH iwUl-Ucu Judi mill J*tu»ilnn,
mi! bttondoru Ik'nicMsicliii^uui; demfjaudttaa and propel
('oTiimutiu'iiItuni'Q, nuch OncumUi-icliHti^vii mid mil BtOOttl
KttfUw Anrii;:hiiu'ii mui Fbnobuana ten Grand Sofaioh
PltMBHUi <«'itlu, lAr.;. ScaU I inch = |"6 mil« m
Ui. a. Pavmauinr.
AF1IICA.
GttEEIui.—
Stanford1* Library Map of Africa, eou«lruet<d by A. Keith Jobiialon,
MbOff. Loom, kiB08 Bath i (noli ■= B4*34 mile* Uut. .
E mamdili.. i pq
I'luri'Kiis—
Skutch abovlnc Am I*"1 ■■■«v.tii*« of Coptnin* llnrlnn. Spoke. Rod Grant,
and Sir 8 VV. I taker, aud their relation in the Boaretl of IDA *Ml.
Hy A. O. Kiudhi), Btq. 1607. A. G. Ki_M»LAr, K«|„ » ki...
I.M.r Voll.1,— riu* Slld«t?»il'nli.' I !ii,,.,
mullet'" dvr MiMioimrc Ch. HmwtTJJtt uud \V. BnitKhlflL tin!
acacMn Kngli»ch. n ftnfliihnwn J* ' KtiltR nml dc« Volt* Flonct.
By A. ttrttrmann. Gotb«, IW7. 8aRi« 1 inch ■ S*V irnM .g«*A.
A. I'l TIUM.SV. »>J.
Map* HliutratiofE M. du ObaHLfl BojtttOtU Afiica, 18GI-0&.
SciUc 1 Luch - 10'fl mllettCgro.). The Aotiiu*.
Angola,— Mappn CoorttHdo pdn VIrookU «'-■ W dl Band
..I MtnUtro da Guorrav e par femando da Co»u Leal,
i SwuMl dv MuaMutcdo, Lulu*. 1803.
Commodore A. V, K, Wii.avr, CU*
BoWBS
Dua Caplmul urlwl dm Suil-Afrikaiilaoheti PttUlUMB ffl I dl CO Ql ■>!»■( A«
lidCU'iihitlfu uud KaIKtu. \ on A. IVtwuiaMi, QoUn* ItM
i MttOiOOQi The AOXBOB,
i!»p of the Zulu :n ..1 >-i] i •■ i! i ntnUn i"nn[iiUt! ftmit i:/nrnialj.in I'titnintsl
by C«pt. \Valni\l.'\. y UaA. tl" Qpf Cmmirt BwJdttlll A§OU Nala!,
l»i;o. Ek«l« 1 inch - 12 milea {p-
.\> Chttfl IBOVIdJ Chi I • nip- rutin.' ■' ' !i. I BfTttU > \ fd. t.'ip# of Good
llv»ix. Uy Cajit- 11. Ton Lbce, r. k.u.i, tale 1 inch .V cqu
The Aliiiuu.
Ice
ttfthi Royal Geographical Socitty.
M
'>..' ' .v.
i>tf/tt» 3.
No. I.
AMERICA.
A CaftTtOl ill" V.mi, lOgton*. I'm!.] nIi.-iI I \ Hi- A Imiralr/, I-"' I ..m...:
tad vxmWlxd. Jofljl IWuxo*. )■'.■")., rxcN.
a»u oeaparanuttta, ehowing ilic E«pl iratloa of Bmlifa -
By Byloi and Baffin in i :■■ R InglvfiuM in l«'J | Km.
II (I ; . • il i ■ i PuMOBMVj l-»'i Gofbl
1P67. Seal* 1 inch = M3 uillaa (gvo.> The Adtuok.
■
of Vuconvar bland a&4 Britiafa Colombia —
No, I. MS Map of K-tkeem© Sou ouror l-Jarid*. with tie
Nairn- Names of «»«iy port "i IbaCoatta, Rtvara, ini.-u.,
&*» from an Original ^ir-' Ha Arthur Clan I
ii. a. •..!„ \\'i i. AAaoudoni bj Robert Brows, original
.. !i _ I n.ilr.
MS. Sl-iricli ,if iIk- l\niriiM between K.i^aLct faJfti nn the
Wnsii. ■■ -!* Van<*onY»r Itlnnd an. I I.. iCtopiaa liivr-r
on ill.* Baatcni. * oplcd from I 0 ketch by i.i«h.
Philip fliiix.ii, ii ^.. iii lha Sui rajol -GtueraJ's OfRi ■
flclorb V. Ii v. lifa H oica tg Rouort Brown. Seals | bet
at I uanliiul mile.
MS. Muji <>l* lh* (Vmniry hulwv<tB Nanuiino Souud and Hiirclnv
Bound, I ■ !•■ from i reoonBafaaancv bj lha v l i rolo
Expedition under the command of Robert Brown in Aii^uii
astt fieptcmbcr, 1694 otitic l inch - i nfli (toA
MS Map of ihc Central Lain:. I spa or
Moch-aoilth Rtoer, tnJ hUstOOl I (far, V. 1 Krum en
[fa :ii i rota ' i Broun, Junr hi.;:, Ha? amber
i i . linginnl.,
i hi -aine a» abort, is I bob \'y Ales
s, Bai i 'i ■ i on "' Qatar] Browi* Ootobt i ,
i ■ Oris, nel.)
MS Sketch or Co n Pari Aurndi t<< Hbarcl, V. 1^
from Exploration by Eotwri Dron . oanteatoarand October,
1(04.
MS. Tho aamt u sborr. M»r. aVtailcdi Original Sfcal
M&8ketahofthe NaneiinoltiTrr and T.qIu«, V 1 Draw.
lemon, or Tout autoine troqooti Lndujui Hontar of Iba
V. LKxploHoj Expedition.
No. r*H M & I W ..-'luI Bkatehao of He Route est fared ui da (fa
of Bobert Brown, between Nanaim* and LWcluy Ebo&d.
kwO hy AUx, S, Hartmtuu, nadir tlia dixviMiou of Peter
John I. • ■
Ha U. Onipini Ms sketch oi - i" i ski hi d pertJoa of lha Truer,
\ I . i'\ Ibou .'.ii vine. Iru<tuol» Indian.
No. 13. MS. fikotsh of tlit OpiofaoaBbt uduui t."«.'iujtr>, v, [., exhibiting
ihcir litdiiau; and huuliu^ ^rt>uij<Jn uJjumiiip the K!<
Kt\»T Dftd 1-iU", wiih thl Naliva Naim-m, Ac. Fiotn a raOOft-
rMv.anc- bj Robart Hmwn. (Orijrinal.)
Jia 14. MS. Mop of the whole of VaaooaTtr hland. Ounpiled from
the Aoto i ' '.i-t I .nn-, bj Cap! <; II
%JH, Vi || I tb< kdd i" U of Nitlin:;' I | I M ' ■
9 " ■'■! : 'in' craab ■ portlaa of taa Intaslei bi <ii«-- lint v. 1.
Ki|ili<ruip KipiriM on uinln lha eominand of Knlini Krowu,
Brvvn*a prital * aiplurvtiaai in I $(3. la
m« bj T ButUa la ISO©, Flaa Iton
Mcffbu (u. oc, iu IBM, uud Liaata, Muyoc Aud Uu*k\a%
No. *•
N». 3.
No, 6.
est
Accessions to the Map- Room
U.K.. 1861. Drawn by Joint Buttle, under the dirtotion of
I,,, i . i
Nip. Lfl. Mtoofthi ■hdcoftnaSQQthani Dkiriotof BrltUkColonbU.
ri'iiipiiitl .ti.d ;iriuh-i! || In Offlcfl <»' LVHal ami Wt>rk>, N«-w
\V\'»nuiii-[»r. tlit 7 •h««t.v Sc*li I inch
No. 16. Mnp Of ihl l-uii'iy li. 1,1 llnjn- tO MunlLniii.'.Mi ariU I
Cwk, tad UUooa-l to B coloop ud OkcoBgaa l^*ic<*.
i:riinh Columln. I tbc Hoy I I en m New
Wi'iiiiiiu.vitf. Bcsia i" miio i«» i Inch.
N<>. 17. Map of British Oolaaabia fkotn Won Wa^tttfoatBr Id MOttfloL
liv the BovaJ Bs^iBttiSi Soali LO milt** to i bsdt
No ly, Pornoa o( vannocaor Inland mil BBialaj Bound I '.* I ipl 0.
II l>i bards, I N ^Printed lit New \V«*imiuKti.*r. lUUUti
Columbia. 146).')
Nu. 19. Abotaci port on of rmoouTd Islam! ami imuid. 11/
i .; i. {.. 11. UicLnnU, its. fPrluVd ui N.» Wi imimtre,
IMtlBh CelnfflbU, IML] Mr. R. W. BaoM ,
Map uftlu: Gold EbntftoflB of the FjEBJBf K'ivit and tin* Washington Inn-
tory. If) J»niu»\V;i... Loadcn,16&a. Scale i met M svlas ir«>.).
W, UoLMnn, Epf,
Lkii CD State*—
Map tif the States and Ternforir* yr<r*t uf the MJBlBM»ppl Bivtf |fl ',!.'•
i'. ific Ocean. Uy O. W. M>d C It. Ccfttos. Saw York, lift.
Bid| 1 [B«b 21 nwl.-i fBQ
A New Mop of the Stmc* oft .d i. i.. Netadn. By Leandcr ItiLH.ru
Bad A. J. pBOltolafc 1866. Scale 1 inch = 2-1 mile* (goo.
Mtxico—
Da* Kn'iKTrvirh HfJtioo, Bj L KsYuuU-in. isiij. Scale I inch = lool
uiilcB (gee,), Tb* Atniu*.
Cestui i. —
Caotwl America ui«i die Abu'Uen. U» K. C. Kuvenatcin. UCS. Scale
i tnoh = lOtti aiilu* (geo.). I'lio Auniaa
Mip> '(dating l» the vutiuiis proposed Liuvn Tor Intel--. Bit and
ltallrua>i» buwcea the- water* &f ibe Atlantis ind Peclfii Gonna.
Uy Admiral i:. 11. Davie, W . I8t;c is asape. aeccanpenivd
hy a Itepart. GSMDM WSLU ■ i rj .... I ■>. *jm .
South—
Kunc von Sii.l -Amvricav By E. 0. RaYetwtclo. IdCfr. Ou s
Scale I inch - i0t| BrUm gBO,j. The Anno*.
rftftjenHh* GmfKkrutwi—
Mapn del Tentro d • la timrra Actual OU eoniprcnde IoHb la PrW b
y pnne« hdyBatotai dal B itn I oa, PBraguay, Urunn^\ . v
lSraall. Ucviiado por U Pi&ucJbco Bftfa. IMA. Sadi! I liu-h ^ "l T-*
mill.*, j-i •" -.'■
nrta Oot'prophioo do la I'rovincin di- CoilllillBali ptiriv dc la Bapl
de Vnrnguny. l^aUilbvd bj the i. pognpblcal UepBTtiuenl <>; |
Ayrea. louu. BoaUllBcb Ll*4ioIaB(JpoO.
Carta did Baafl B20a> Por Nicoluit ••rondouo, liiveuliro. ]!urnio
|$C9. baal« 1 bub = 11*4 nllal (geo.>.
T. J. UvTCaUavoN, r.KAA, Britiih ChoBtrtatB, Kouirio.
Map nliuwiuic tin* Line of ihel'.-nliil Ai^.-uhnc K'«il-«ii% fftKB BOBBTJO Q«
I. to tlie City uf Cvrdulea. Plan t»r the L«lhI» <-vii.d pp :i.,
Central Af^SItiaa Kvlvaj l.y Uw af May ail l)«rfiimtJ hy
Albnuu il. dc LdbatgBi CJL baalB l buoli m 7 anile* £» 0 ]
of the Royal Geographical Society. cv
Maps, Charts, 4'C. Donors.
BOCTH—
Brazil—
Aafnahme des Obereri S. Francisco und Rio das Velhas (BrasUien), too Em-
manuel Liais. Gotha, lBoti. ijjcale L inch = 9*9 miles <geo.).
A. PETERMANN, Esq.
Cfcfr—
Mapa de la Provincia de Valdivia segun los datos de la estadistica qe
k han podido recoger hasla ahora coustruida por Capt Bernardo
E. Philippi. 1846. Scale 1 inch = 8 miles (geo.).
Indicaciones para perfeccionar el Mapa de la Provincia de Valdivia segno
Iim recuerdos de uu reclente viaje al Vol can de Oiorno, porGuillerino
Doll. Valdivia, 1852. Scale 1 inch = 4j miles.
Piano de la Ciudad y Puerto de Valparaiso. Hamburg, 1854- Scale
1 inch = 500 feet W. Bollaert, Esq.
P<rw—
MS. Map of part of the Province of Tarapaca, from Port Conajagua to
Ojaica.
Piano de la Ciudad de Lima. Hamburg, 1850.
W. Bollaert, Eaq.
AUSTRALIA.
Plan showing the track made by J. G. Macdonald from Carpentaria
Downs Station (supposed head-waters of Lyud River) to the Albert
River, beiug the result of private enterprise, commenced August 31,
ended Octuber 24, 1864. Scale 1 inch s 10 miles (stat.':.
Sir G. Bowen.
Das See'n Gebiet (Lake Distrikt) und die Steinige WOste (Great Stony
Desert) im Inuern von Australien. By B. Hasaenstein and A, Peter-
inann. Gotha, 1807. Scale 1 iuch x 13*8 miles (geo.).
A. Pktebmann, Esq.
NEW ZEALAND.
Middle Island—
Map of the Province of Canterbury, showing the five Routes between the
East and West Coasts. MS. By J. llaast, Esq. Scale 1 iuch = 10
miles.
Section No. 1. North Rakaia Route ; from River Hokitika, on West Coast,
by Browning Pass, to River Avon, East Coast.
Section No. 2. Whitcombe Route; from the River Hokitika, on West
Coast, by Whitcombe Pass, to River Avon, East Coast.
Section No. 3. Otira Route; from Rive> Arahura, on West Coast, by
Arthur Pass, to River Avon on East CoasL
Section No. 4. Hurunui Route; from River Teramakau, on West Coast,
by Harper Pass, to River Avon on East Coast.
Section No. 5. Wanaka Route; from River llaast, on West Coast, by
llaast Pass, to River Opihi on East CoasL
The above 5 Sections on the scale of 1 inch as 3000 feet vertical, 3 miles
horizontal.
A Comparative Diagram, showing Sections of the above Routes from the
West to the East Coast; Province of Canterbury, New Zealand, on
the same scale as the SectiouB.
Section from Banks' Peninsula to the Western Slopes of Mount Cook.
Accessions to the Mtij'-I'.>am
Maj*, Ovtru, ©V. Donors.
Map of the Trainee oTOtngo. \>j J. T. Thomson. C'ln. if SanufflP, «n<l
AhisUliji* . Duucdiu, Olngu, UoC. 9raU* 1 iiicli = 13
Lka(aut.). Tin tanoa,
INDIAN OCBJJT.
Chart of the Nicobur IiIiikIi- By Commodore U'fillrrHorf-ljrbair,
\iihlriaii fHJttU .V.»r.mi. IMS.
Chart of thw IWI Dukl off Tuticurin ami Tririivodnor. tfv « R.
■>. =*al«: I iTich ■ 1} bU Tfcu At/ruoii.
PACIFIC OCKAK.
Die Marqtir*fl* Inwln. D> A. Petermnnn, Gotha, 1607. Sc»l« lb
«Q miles v> The Aimioa.
C1L»
I'liinsii AimiKAJ-i'V —
■ fen I.
Ha 31 The Solly Mci {EbrUhkI. E«t On
154"* fvmoau and Lowi*loft lluade ■.Kngliiml, Ka*t Cc«0- *
9J50 Ski port 1 ■ 1. Wort I'outj.
B79S OMNI lUrliour pUli of Wight;.
Ifefl ii.
No. 2573 GulfofRlgB.
**oUon6.
No, 1*9 Trapntii to MarKilii (Sieily. WV-t Coast).
909 Bun Maun Itbaom mm CV|>halouia Iilanji.
211 Hey of Nm .I in ( .i. i
1 1 M SoQBM 10 Melwdlab (AMia. North (Vast).
1101 Spaaa ftoadttaad CCmu ofTiuua),
!40i rjoioo(lulj R i ■i»t).
1653 Part Argoami (IoaSaa hlaiu!. .
Uiou sanin Maura RoaiUtoad and I'ort Drvpaaaj
Portal uul ud 1 Itko^Ioalao wi i
107A Gulf ofTotnu iGrtecc'i.
ia&7 afaaba Harbour [jEkUg
fetfai
flo. S&OoRiw Si. LavrattM Mrnitrml to Fnnvo Mai
■ISM .. ., ;• urn 1.. Km, ttcn
941 I-iinciihurg to Man Head .Nova fisodt .
|Qp7 ( u\ :!:■«;!. .n- tO LoWG M*iaCUBBUl <n F!"lidu'.
1098 Lower Maucunbc Cuj to Uooa Gi i
aan I i Doited St«Wi.
34W> PaomaquU Potni rn FtetAbor'i N.-.-L i dIdm (Mau
safiu Pari Ko^aadCUnogDea^awIa(Baaia i . UA
(an :.
No. 1 lVil'»l; l*!r» lo the MolilrrniiK-an Pea.
12*1 lec Chart of the South, n. U
"ti *.
No. 104 hland of Trinidad to toa Roquve [r?«Bl lOfllo
•4*r. Jamaica laliud | Waal Iiidhrt).
430 Plant of Am In.r.i-f* in Jaa |1
4C8 Acul fliy. »t. L> Ilea).
4&\ BaTpuaA Mouth, IdaaU Island .Wc^t lndi<»>.
of the Royal Geographical Society. cvii
Maps, Charts, <fc. Donon.
No. 482 San Fernando Anchorage, Trinidad Island (West Indies).
486 Jamaica, with parts of Cnba and St. Domingo.
Section*.
, No. 1949 The Rocas, Coast of Brazil (Sooth Atlantic).
2522 St. Catharina Island to Rio de la Plata.
SediomlO.
No. 538 Seymour Narrows (Vancouver Island).
No. 15 Harbours in the Red Sea, South of Jiddah.
178 Plana of Anchorages on the Coast of Barbary.
638 North bank of the River Congo, &c.
677 East Coast of Madagascar, &c.
686 Feae'rive (Madagascar, East Coast).
1223 Kowie River (Africa, South Coaat).
2523 Red Sea.
Stettftis.
No, 43 Gulf of Kutch (India, West Coast).
50 Katiawar Coast, from Din Head to Goapnath Point.
51 GulfofCambay (India, West Coast).
735 India, West Coast. Sheet 1. Surat Roads to Maruli.
736 , , , , , , 2. Maruli to Arnol Island.
737 , , , , , . 3. Arnol Island to Kundari Island.
738 ,, , , ,, 4. Kundari Island to Bankot.
739 , , , , , , 5. Boria Pagoda to Aclura River.
740 , , , , , , 6. Achira River to Cape Ramas.
744 ,, , , , , 7. Cape Ramas to Alvagudda.
745 , , , , , , 8. Alvagudda to Molky.
747 ,, ,, ,. 10. Mount Del ly to Calicut.
749 ,, ,, ,, II. Lat. 9° 50' to 11° 2' n.
750 ,, ,, ,, 12. Cundacud*oo to Anjengo.
751 , , , , i > 13. Anjengo to Cape Comorin.
825 Andaman Islauds.
2621 Bombay Harbour (India, West Coast).
2736 Gulf of Kutch to VUiadroog (India, West Coast).
2760 Sumatra, West Coast (Sheet 1).
Section 13.
No. 895 Alias Strait (Indian Archipelago).
911 Cajeli, Saparoea, and Amboina Bays.
914 Waygiou Island (Moluccas).
930 Plans of Anchorages in the Moluccas.
947 Victoria Harbour (Labuan Island).
1019 South Coast of Hainan Island (China, South Coast).
1269 Saigon, or Don-nai River (Cochin China).
1963 China, East Coast (Sheet 3).
2454 Northern portion of the Island of Luzon.
2578 Eastern part of the Suln, or Mindoro Sea.
2640 Java Sea (Western part).
ftatfaftU.
No. 1025 Tacking Point to CofTs Island (Australia, East Coast).
1026 Solitary Islands and adjacent Coast (Australia, East Coast),
2027 Coff*s Island to Evans* Head (Australia. East Coast).
1028 Evans' Head to Danger Point (Australia, East Coast).
1068 Moreton Bay to Sandy Cape (Australia, East Coast).
Section 15.
No. 1101 Mariana or Ladrone Islands (North Pacific).
1114 Auckland and Campbell Islands (South Pacific).
cviii Accessions to the Map-Room.
Mapt, Charts, $c. Vmort.
1251 Ngau Island and Mumbolithe Reef (Fiji GroupJ.
1380 New Caledonia, New Hebrides, and Loyalty Islands.
1730 Samoan or Navigator Islands (South Pacifie).
The Htdboobapbic Office,
through CapL Q. H. Richards, b.n., Hydrographer.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Bust of the President, Sir R. I. March ison, Bart., i.a, in marble, by
Miss Amelia R. Hill, S.S. Edinburgh, 1866.
Sir R. I. Murchisok, k.c.b.
Sketches of the Rhevaroy Hills and Pulni Mountains. On 34 sheets. By
Lieut-Col. Douglas Hamilton. London, 1866. The India Office
A View of the Village at Piteairn's Island, showing the descendants of the
Mutineers of the Jiounty, as discovered b\ Capt F. W. Beechey,
in 11. M.S. Blouom, in 1828. Drawn by W. Smyth, Mate of Blotter*,
Dec. 20, 1828. J. Harrow, Esq., F.BJI.
Photograph of H.M.S. Jlombay. Vascello Inglese Incendtato nella Riviera
della Plata, il U Dicb*. 1864, con perdita di Q. UfP e 91 Marinari.
Kduardo di Martini, Ufficiale della K. M. 1. Dipiusi dal vero Bulla
Pyro Corvetta EreoU. Capt F. A. B. Ckauhjsu, b.n.
( cix )
LNSTRUSIEOTS LENT TO TRAVELLERS.
To tfes Mi Hm. L Dotscaw, Vto^Oonml at Whydsh, In 1MB—
Telescope,
Two Compasses,
Aneroid Barometer.
Ds. P. G BurmwMLAWD, *.&, rxdA, at Natal—
Brass Sextant (7t-lncn), » ith Silver Arc, by Troogbton tod Sirams.
Strooe-framed Artificial Horlioo, bv Troughton and Simma.
Two Barometers (Mountain), with improved Iron Cbttern, by Newman.
Tbe late Di£L lavrjro, * .d, r jlo a, at A bcokuu—
Pocket Chronometer, by Barraud and Land.
Barometer (Mountain), by Truaghton and Slmms.
rv. IX LimoRon, no, rxoA, Zambesi, Eastern Africa —
Bytoe's Hypsometrica! Apparatus, No. 1, with Sling Caw, by Casells.
Sundard Thermometers, o to 212. In Bran Cam,
- . to MarouD Caaea. „
Artificial Horiion, with Slum Case,
>YiBn*UcAjimatbO>mpa6a1Ulverrirjt»lthIeatberSUnj;Caae, .
Rain Gauge.
Da. D. Wakxd, mj>, t.b-oa. Russian America, Dec. 8, 1862—
Sextant, 4 tn radios, by Gary.
Artificial Horizon, Circular, by Cary.
Ailmulli Compass, by Elliot,
The late Mow. Jules Gemxd, Upper Guinea, toward* Timbuktu, Fib. 4, 1863—
Sextant, 3-lnch radius, by T. Jones.
Aneroid, white metal, by Spencer. Browning, and Co.
Artificial Horlaon, sptrluleveL by Elliot.
Boiling-water Apparatus, and three Thermometers In brass tabes.
Aiimuih Compass, by Buruter.
Two amall Pocket Compasses,
Protractor, bras*, 3-In. radius.
(The above In Leather Case,)
Measuring Tape, 60 fe*t
Thermometer, on metal. In Morocco Case.
Protractor, born, circular.
H. Wbiticlt, Esq- In South Pern, March as, IWr
Pocket Aneroid, No. 89, gradoated to 16 Inches, by Gary.
Hypaomeirical Apparatus, and 3 Boiling-point Thermometers, by Casella.
LWaram, Esq., Greenland, Disco Island, *c February 26. 1867—
Sextant, 6-tncb radius, divided to It", by Cary.
Artificial Horl sun, .
Ailuiult] Compass and Stand, „
Pocket Aneroid, by Messrs. Beck i«nd Co.
. Chronometer, No. tt36, tirockbank and Atkins,
Bev. F. W. Holuvd, Slnui, June 25. 1867—
Prismatic Compaas and Stand, by Cary.
Pocket Aneroid, graduated to 16 inches. „
Hrpeometrtcal Apparatus, and 3 Thermometers, B.P.
Two rhermometer*, divid. J to 230° fur bot springs.
Three Alpine minimum ibemwmetera.
qui
Sir R0D8BI0S I. Muncnisox V A
I i rfbrrr tfcfl pi MODI duty of rocrdvinff from Ddl ihia oti
of tlm high Appreciation of Admiral liontakr>tTii J il
■ i ■ : iphii u Swicly, in a region which. eves el the preecnl iim \
U hi) very Uttla known to \ht m ieatiila wotl& Toe knd epni
vhfofa viniiiii BantakotiTs works bevo net b1 Qu hi
InetttBtion to widely known and orUm ni<--l n B
_\iui .in', Sir, tho hoOOQTod PtBflldOBi, IfiU m.<l. "UTOO
of mutual MTBiiagQ in the genes of i ■ i< in ", rod will Doourago
m h'liwsinn apogxaphen to eeel i sIomz ■onneintanoe with
N ly, 1. ; :ln 1 WOTkH Hi :i ver-ii.n I
Bneli ii Biiflo rwulore limn tb« B i in. tengaegOi <■<» that you
will li i iil.li: In f- II'. vv .1111] jiul^u Of tin; pxtiftnjM of geo-
gZBphiCft] iVTiiivlii's in Rasas, iw earned i n 1 v your Kilter in
tion in St. Petersburg; at tbe hold of which, ■• von aro well
owiro, in Hitf Imperial Rigrm«o<t> trn« Uumi Ji ntinc. 1
nhnll low ii" miui- Lc fore irdtao; to N.lniji.il Bontafc
ami I ddJj regret that i eejmol Qvpreai be* than) i '19*1 Goo*
graphica) Society, mid 1" %■ n. r^f. in WO admbeblf n in .
would havo done hixnMlf, u he von hare."
Thfl Pw JMBfT next addruwd thv lion. <\ K Adams, Minister of
tho United States, Ib the following worto: —
M Mr. Ai'iu.-v
ici.v.i ii-rd vim r- ihaBoyaJGcographlo*] So< Ei
did honour to Uaelf kg awarding a Gold Modal to youi highly
difttingiiitdied e<»nnti \ lunn tho Into I *r. Krnir, for
in tho Polar Heg&oi In -Utirgo of an expedition goncnnidy
lifted our in tlm i tilted 3tatei to •eeroh tor Si John Franklin i and
now I rejoice to any thai I hare to aak yon, a* tho lU-pTOKn'
of tho (Treat Amur icon BepUnliO, to rewivo tho Medal of our
m, i h;.in Y:eU | i ■.■. :. Iimm Ufll dnciiriied tuai ■»' vim!-
OOllStrytnen. I>r. llnyr-. ft r hnYing reached n more northern ;
of Arotio land (81" 35'J than WOT vm attained i-y any pTOI
exploi
■ Fonaing one of At preTurai axpodilkm of die lamnsfad
Kane, who justly received the epplAURo not only of your country
bat of lb* rivtli-.i! Wiii-l.!, m wai on thru occnMion tho
dlaooTorei of a largo maw of land (brmlng tht ex ami w(*torn
»hor« of Smith Sound, to which iho namo of Dcnrj I ■<■■: a ■_!!. an
.■Hi i^ in. nod '•iti.'oii of New v.i i.-. thi biainapring of thai expedition,
nimt i[i|Mn|ii i:id l v :ii! it -l.i i':. 1 1 [i for ci raying poraonal ot*#.r-
na to A decree And n lull' fi: 1 on land tli;,
IhopTorioni oooaaiontaad Bw having uRhtcd th* opon Polar 8c«
from tho waateli shore of B ll t i. itut ui Kan«'« oom-
Royal Auxtrd** — //crj/rj. fcxiii
piattr hod dono from tho eastern or Greenland fchoro of
to anno, that our Cbuncil ha* mo*t do*ervadly ftdjodi Jed to him
omr Fatxon'n Medal.
"Tho MlsnUfto roonJU of thi* expedition bar© Lccn to a great
itntt mode known in America, and tfa< S >.. i tli^ortiuxi hi:.tii
Hot undertaken the publication of thate important atl <> our
acquaintance with Ihi a*tuT*] bist tv, terrestrial magnoliam. and
meteorology, a* woll a* tho geography ,,nfc
i Jio menu time the unpretending voloflM ol OUT KfrUHUt,
d tho 'Open Polar Son,' ib written in id clotr, naaly, and
titlictiv* a atyl*. aa DOtlit t* nder it vary popular among all reader*
in the Briliah Me* and Amoriao.
"Just as nc know that uur old Baffin firal discovnn-d and
vary bbooII a* great toy ecpanating Greenland
from America, with which hit nnnw h*4 aw tnnco boon connected,
10 the eUrenicnt point where theao watcrsi land Into whut u i»
colled tho 'Open Point Son1 ha* been reached by the small American
kLoouot of 1>:. Kayoa bearing tho n&mo of tho ■ Unit
•' In porafring tho narrative of tho hair-breadth t>*oapos of
vcancl when besot by hugo floating iccbeTga, the akQl
which fho was managed, tho atom row "lutioii and ability with
which awry difficulty by am or by land waa OVtroomt, ftBd tho
which were brought back. with tliu Ium m
I j. Bontag, who made niont of tho astronomical obacrva-
tiona, I m*y w.-il < on^ratnlato yanr Kx.-c !. n<y on the iucocw of
.ign which nill cn-r !«■ reaneanbered among tha many great
HEploral of men.
■* I hart* now ;Kf|na*t yon to convey thin Victoria Medal
to I>i. W.i' -. with the icqucat that ho will accept it as th*
itxongcr.t proof wo con ofi'cr of our just appreciation of his great
awitt/'
Mr. ADAMl replied : —
"Mr. Pal U giviui mo groat |>l«-:in:.' !.- I>« 1 1 1.
"f presenting to Ilr. llayea tho honourable BODjOftal vrldoh jiom
Baniety hoi a him for hia servicci* in the ciiiiko of acfanoti
It is no part of my pTovinco to undertake- to vaunt any of my
fomntryrnen ; but I «j|I imp Uttt, b BO Dart of the w -rid wflJ you
and n 'e who watch wilh greater attention and admiration
the bra>u cnb.-rpUMM f"'i public ODJOCti* wiiirh ate niid< lukei i
any part of tho world. Mora aapamaJly hf their natural oonnrxim .
in all the ccsential element* of civilhcation, wilh this oonununiU,
their attention ia cloeely drawn to tvery movement which take*
XXXVTL k
CX IV
Sir ROGBRICB i. MnyuiMi-,', |
ploc* hero; Knd foj •; >. 1I10 admiration with which they 1
hurt been Q grows a dcflhvi to emulate tho sumo thecn-
m-Ivi-a. It ii '■ I to enterprises of this kind, that
lb. v am bad la 11 tool I'n-y sre, id lUxaix nattue, simply
iim.s Ba JDBtt Of tmftffl tli:i) IN l< lin;. .Mr !
d*nf, the purno rvv. 1 have b8 9 made whan Columbus finit
undertook his voyage to the AVest — to what. In did not know. He
thought In might come mi -vjiuiwlnic io far Cathay; but tho
. is .'f't-n hupyii-HN iri life, ini QMXpeotsd ODB— HZV
unexpected turns 0U1 '■ b*. of create r proportion! :li.>n anvt
l bad boon en di*-
il. ;unl 1I1 Infloi .iiw of that discovery upon tho fortunes of
tlin world romaiiiH ynt to \n\ fully awnari, And §0 It bus Iwwn
With most 1 i tho adventure* that havo been started from tho Old
World for tho dincovcry of that which war. unknown. Very often
toe explorers do 11 -t .Arrive nt what waa anticipated; l-nt slun they
ii deal which vru not cxjucU'd, and which has at tho
.< pTuv.d 1 if vory groat valuy. And morr> Ctinn that. and
greater than ail. this pursuit has lod te tho cultivation and develop-
ment of high moral qualities in a claw of mon, who become them-
wives creator heroes and greater bane&oton to Um interest* of
-■ on I" than 1,1,: I ., .. . (be peges
biftory, ! I . ■ ■: flg| with
:nt i-l- :«-rit<- Hid I btVQ BO donbl tint, dim marked toetin
to the merit* of o&a Rid nil! b( bit Wt only by hint, but
1>t all that clam of individual*, who, ni their own ooxtuid expj
Carried OO bit enterprise. It will, moreover, fttimulate them to
repent fcmoh efforts in emulation of your ooiintrrmrn. by which the
bounds of science may ntill further be indefinitely extended."
( cxr )
ADDRESS
TO
THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting on tlie 27th May, 1867.
By Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Bart., k.c.b.,
president,
Gentleme.v,
I meet you with the satisfactory announcement that groat as
was the number of our members at the last anniversary* it has Bince
then considerably increased, and now amounts to 2120 Fellows.
I have also the satisfaction of reminding you that, thanks to the
zealous and effioient services of our Assistant Secretary, Mr. Bates,
the well-filled volume of the year has been, like the last, for some
time in your hands.
The general observations on the progress of Geography which
I shall lay before yon in the following Address will, as usual, be
preceded by brief notices of those of our deceased associates who
have taken any part in geographical researches or publications, as
well as by a review of the Admiralty Surveys prepared by Capt
Richards, the Hydrographer.
OBITUAEY.
In justice to an eminent geographer who has been taken from us,
I begin the sad record (much less heavy, however, than that of last
year), with a notice of the career of
Sir George Everest. — This distinguished Indian surveyor and
geographer was the son of Tristram Everest, Esq., of Gwornvale,
Brecon, and was born on the 4th July, 1790. He began his scien-
tific education at Marlow and completed it at Woolwich, where
he passed a brilliant examination, and was declared fit for a
commission at an earlier age than the limit fixed. \>y \fc» -regdW
rxvi Sir BODBBZCX I. MlilK 80098*4 Address.
li'Mih. Balling fbf Bengal an an :is:ille/;. Gadei b> 1W0, th* fl
important service in vnii-h lio wn* engaged wan in executing &
rcc©nnui'>: OJ ol '''«■■ I lotto1 Of -in"*. fa wlin.'ii (inf\ ).
-i.i-iiii i.\ ill.- riu.ni)>. B i Stamford Bafies, •' v. ilm occupation
of the i:'Iunil by the l'.jiti; h from I v. l \ to \y l .;. ] luring thifl period
li" friendiihip of our honoured uatocUto Ux
0 awtad, whoi hnp|iii v. to BtOJ amongst oa, i I iikIivJ
career in tho Ivv-t, nuniciilfirly in OOOSMOdOfl witl the Malay
iipclugo.
On In: -i.'tiini fo IVTi£!tl. !>,•■■<■ v.-,: ■■hi: loy-.] In, thi<i;<.>
Bl mi wioiU I r'.Miii'cmi;.; null,.-, |>;u li<:iil:iih in (In- eMab] ibh-
mont of a tclcgtnpii sy«r< -m h< ah-utta and IScnarcs. Jt waa
not long, however, Iwforo ho entered upon a service of more immo-
OODQftZiOD With (uytigrnphiral fClOnCC ; fa in [SIB fa
Appointed -ii . lit to Colonel Luuibt<<n. the I rianto of the
Groat Trip'ii' m- ii i -il Survey of India, It will not bo considered
OOf iM'p'jui hew If I ■' * ri - :• »ii tlmt this OoloflMll un<lerlnking OWtt
It3 Oli^i:i I" iIh- l.i'r I)nl.< < I" \\ '• 11 :i<x '<■». v. ii.i in-, i hi. -tuli'd it and
gnvo it his cordial support, sxdooting Colon*] I.ambton to carry it
out How much an accurate survey won needed wax »bown by thu
earlier rcaulta of tho i'jn'i;.{pHi-.. ;ni <• nil (if 40 miles being de!<
in the breadth ol the pen bunds) as previously laid down.
CapUin Kv«.r»'».t wan first employed in tho triangnlation of the*
eastern pari of ELs Ni/ain's dominion*, whiM'u the unli< ikliy elimatn
and < Ion application to hi* duties so affected his lic.ilili that he was
onfotod to tho Capo of Good Hope to Tocniit. Ho did not, liowovor,
remain Idlo, ffal be MSplojed bil kllaiira b investigating thn cfit
cimiAtauceB appi M stt&lng to tho Abbe* de la Call Us arc. and his
rosoarohes formed tho nibjeot of a papor, published in tho first
valumo of tho • Transaction* of tho Astronomical SookQ
On ihe death of Colonel Lamliion. in 1823> Cuptuiu Everest *UO
cooded to the vacant post of Superintendent of tho groat ^'niroy.
IIo applied himself with such unremitting ardour to the extension
uf thogio i of meiisnri'iiii ate, that hit boa] i gavw
v.. i.( und he wa» obliged to seek rest and change fox a time in
In 1830 ho returned to India, provided, by tho lib* Tidily «.f tho
('..mi. ■>! hi with .ii . |ni;.i i.ut of geodetical iutiiDMi i
and apparatus for tho continuance of tho survey, in tho construction
Of which the most skilful makers had been i-mpLn'od. Mm hud
madu Uiiu&elf acquainted duriug his visit with the English Ordiiauee
Oflfamy. ' iSfr Georg* Everest.
Sanroy eysteia, imJ ■ "^ « 1m
a th*t hod token place iii KnropOi Thins provided, and in the
ii tfOtQI "•"! to hi* groat Ui*k. In I
rs <i{ Sll|>i:: Mill h • 'III" llll'Illi
fcc bad now to perform tli. i: < i : uvoyor-Uenoral of India, to wfcjoll
<0#6 be hod boon appointed by t)io Court of Directum ; I union
«/©nVes wIih'm vastly inoreojed h
Dvlwtxfli (ho yuan* 1B-32 ami 1841 iho DbetOumoOata of thu |
urowf.ro curried on. And in DoeembCfll of tho lu
lite completion oft; iu ■■•■ lino, twork oooompliohed by hi*
abief h*.i>!.h i. Captain (new Sii Amlim BooU) VVaogh, The
whole Indian arc from Cftpc on win 10 the Himalaya.* «n tluiA
eonpU'ied. Theae elaborate opemiiom* went fully dotuil«.->
:'.s work on tho Bf euuxome&t of tm Bootfans of the
iianal Arc "1 India,' published in two quarto volume* in 18-47;
• work which guiucd for It* author 0 in.-i ropDl itlOB.
In ■■mining up the hihom* of Sir George Kvnrr*t I cam
tetter thin qui ->ril» need whon the Asiatic >•• '.
of Bengal nominated him an Honorary Momlxi. '•<>]
works «x*cu1><i andei Colonel Everest** dtroctfoOj lira BDQrt >ni-
i.it Viv which Ii* will ii.1 boot kimv.it to pootori^y, i»
tho northern portion of the great Meridional Arc of India, 111°
m Wng*b No geodetic moaanre in any part of the world gnrpowoit,
or peril up- equals, in hcoiuki:; thi id oohlovtiafDt By tbe
U thrown on researches into tho figure and diinon»ionn of tho
aarth, i- forms ono ol ■ valuable contributions to that brunch
of tcbm\(v which wr po whilst, a1 tftatoo
• fonHilutiiMi for tho geography of Northern radio, the integrity of
which am : fttand unqueationed. UolODfl] Everest reduced
the whole •yttern of the Greoi Trigonometrical Survey of India u<
unirr, and BOtabllefcod 1.1 iy fixed bo»» "■' «'h!« h :h<- ^evyiuphy of
India DOW re*t«."
ir George Evereet'a deptutoxa from l»di* in Deeembar,
1M3. mi the M'lviri'. iihs miotomu, Sii Andrew
Scott Wau^h, took ai .mity of paying a woU-dcaervod OOXDpli
Bent to his former commanding officer, by nam lug after him the
hdgheat mountain nwaaurftd in the Himalayas — namely, Mount
Even^t, whoee hoij 002 feet.
At the coneluoou of his active career in India, and on witling in
KngUod,i: wuk quit bovldbavi
wished to Holtoaoui lo hh'Ii ;i man. lie therefore iialu:all^ baQHM
'Will
Sir Kodekick I. Murciuson'jt Addm*
» Follow ol the l£o_V!»] Sin:ioty, an actiw | of tho
Institution, but ospaoialfy was ho appreciated by Geographoni,
inasmuch iw ho was for many ynars nno of OUT most honoured
associate* in tho Council of this Bootatpi and one of the moat
dUttngnifihad soicntilio Geographer* who • tho office of
VWi-1
Pxofanor Bony Boom was a distinguished Geologist of the
United States, who for tho laflft ^BUI of hit life booftino unito natu
rallsed among uh, and w:v- in. .1! IvYossoTof Xatnral History in
i!i Q l'iii\ i:i>ity (if Glasgow mi. fclta i\\w «>f Iiir* dmtifl
Hiii chief work, entitled * The Geology of PennuylTiwii.
General View of tho Geology of tin I bdted Statue/ in 'A vol*. 4to.,
mu Hlnittnttftrl by ho well-dnflned a map of tho whole rngion of the
United States, that crcn in this Sooioty hi* nnmo must bo crer
ioned with rwpoot.
ItatidoA the delineation of tin- ■•% of all tha principal
m^iLi^ii.Ml iMriuiitiun- in iiir Si.ii - . bit i tionj B i moil ubiy
drawn in showing how tho strata of the Apolochinn chain have-
been folded over and over, and ho v. tl< whuh.« haw lx«en violently
ntTertP.l. and bo TOMBS i-naes reversed in their order, partinularlr
in contact with igneous and matamoxphk iock» of the eastern.
tsaboanL
'l'}n h\.\\ George (Veil Bl Keotor of
ltoche»ter, who died on the I Mi February last, in Lib eighty-* -
year, woe ono of tho oldest Follows of our Society, and during ten
yean (1836 to 1840) acted most efficiently and zealously 0* Foreign
Secretary. In early lite, afU-r leaving Cambridge, he FblAlM
tho duties of Chaplain to the Bri ftbaaty at Constantinople ;
and, utter an inturval in England, went back to Turkey as Cb ■
to the Factor at Smyrna, which appointment !>•■ held i<» 1814. Ol
returning to Cambridge, he was elected PvcfttiKM of Arabic in that
Univonrity. iiio acquaintance with tho geography and languages
df tin* Baft rendered him u inont loading am: a teftol member oJ the
ic uod G> iphical a* also of th< ad livBria*
motia Bocai
In regard to his incoiatant labour* to correct and impri>
jmlil ic-il imiH in mi 1 volutin whu-h related td C(m;ji:i 1
j;ni]>liy, or to Asiatic and African subjects, I can bear full testimony
that tl»i* g>x>d and learned man laboured sueoennfully for others in
thu :ulvannement of knowledge, wlthOa fa praise or endea-
POQriag to gain nri^v 11 |ui .tii-ii! I.: himself. As uti editor hi* par-
Obituary. — Rogers — Ikmward — Donnldwii. OXJX
raionity wae invaluable, as shown by all tho papore on olnsaicul or
critical Geography which juik-ih) through Ins h;mds.
Hm kinJI; BWUU ■ ••'■■'■ UtU !;ii !'M , 6 i V.«n il liii;i to • fl iy one
ef tho Con wh-.ro ho toted, tud when lie spoke on tny moot
Hint, he wag as bejiaal in bin deductions as he w« accurate in lua
loft*
An excellent pariah priest, he united tho ntiuo> fljfe with
a smaplo and guileless nature, ohistoned by a feeling; of rcvorenco ta
d«p*H it wju, dmI i •hy«icv, ho ulwuy* maintained
lliaiFaith bus il* own high region whither Keiiyou cannot follow it.
air SrnAtT DorrALnsox, who died on tho Utb Of .hmiiAry, 1&67»
«■■ brought np i" oojamarofal pnmlb in*- toother Su lata Dc
DanaldHJii, I i.-.ni Maatca of the Soboi I M Dur> Si Kdm mil*, having
been ono of tho moat accomplished scholars of onr diy. At an early
age he went to fclexioo, where he remained some ycare, and acquired
l.r «>f the 6panJali language, which he spoke villi Somay.
Aboat tho year 1830 ho wont to Australia, and wai* engaged at
Sydney a* a merohanl for many yeans.
On the *■ ■ <if iiVprew.-iua-ivf Institutions in tho Colony
be became a Muulicr of the Legislature, in which. being u ready
and aoooctsrful speaker, ho took a prominent place, When ro-
sponaibk* Government ww vet up in tho Austruliau Colonial
(1806) he became Colonial Treasurer, and on Ida retra u»
England, in I .V.'. ! .1 the honour of knighthood- Among
bis good dewln ho U to be remembered aa ono of the original
SembeiH <>f ii b & oata of Mm ilm»y, In I
rion and oonduet of which he took, a* 1 aoi informed b\
CharU* Nichuleon, a w pofrtaat i«irt, an ffttll M m other
colonial <*tnbUfchmont>-.
\V hen ho came among us here, we who knew him became soon
attached to ham, fur bin warm, cheerful, ami filial manner; whilst
at ow convivial parties hia fluency and eneTgy as a Rpoakcr will bo
always Miii»[;il^:i^d. In nhi>rt, both iu Australia and .it home, taut
open -hearted, genorons man lioa left many friend* to (foplora bin loss
in the piimo of life, and wUuii lie w«h striving 1" obt tin a wot fn
Uw Rrituh Parliament,
It i no! within my province to endeavour to do juatico to tho
TtririiiH ol-. ii lior dAoaaacd Follows have uiMjuestiuu-
ably hod to public recognition, ii respective of geographical aoie&ca
and rceeercliea, A mere onumoration, howovor, of the names of
WE Sir BODXBA K L ID ROBttOrfl Addrm.
thoso who havo boon taken from H D3ASJ «f whom wore of
; : :i.T.lnn in other Kphorw, will indiiMctr BOW will the ftoyul
ipliir.il So.'ictv i- r.wrinorte4 by men of all classes in iho
Urilisli domhliofift In this nwluiHM.lv lilt »»o the :■ ■!: ■■■■.:iig: —
Italfaxqnii of Cemdon, v.c ox on* of omr original ■Mflabmj
ilir :■>• ■ ■ mil MuT((iiift of Lau.-d art BR . BOD of our much lamented
Founder; Lord NorthbrOO^ We9 known us .Sir tVnci
ICJ win., when KhaI Lord Of tho Admiralty, was a good
; ii j'i > n N- 1 ill' An'tii: i- c i «li 'i .ition and Lady Fnnkli&'fl BOOrtv;
Mr, T. Atoook, fuuuuilj «J : Mr. Joseph Huldatn; Mr. ChnrUis
M John I Etepnen, itiuj Ut. Daniel C3a?k ; af*« John
i >> .l.ii-, ii. k; Mr. I'lr.rj^ Dollond ; Mr. Pete Dieknm; Bir Ale audi r
!■ < ; .:.i .n i 'on ii ;u u •.. Bert*, - f Alt\ n . lin J.Oilol risi Mr. * hadi i
PeeeoeGrettfeUtnuuq ■■.- Mi,i:.i. : 0*i?G]jub UejorJ r.
\ i|.ior Ilowutt ; Mi. J:i.- >U lli-i i» ■ : the K*'V ('. Hudson, tho anient
\l[.i:i" BXploreTi who lust hift lift? cm the MaLU-ih'-in. Mr. F. S.
Humfniy; Mr.lt. HtnborJ m.p ; CapteJn Otettf
wander Jonea-Hyioin, B I ■• I I 1 Sir Barry JOQQBi fi.cn., a
highly^diatiDguiibod offlott of Hugiuctint,aiiil lately Govom
Bb^ Military College; Bfr. 0, B. < n« w.|«.i. Mr. Thomas I':.
o,.a, form*il> H R, and latterly Jndgo-Advooato of tho Fleet, Bad
OnimrilloT of tlio Hoard of Admiralty | Major Vatrirlo BtvWBfft, di»-
tingui.-dud fui 1» if* iif DOOring ■•■ni"-, ondttT Lord Clyde in tho
' war, and alao is Lhe Laying down ut' the great ui"£r»phte
line tarottgl] Per*iu lo Hindostan; Mr. i k 'ike Scrivener;
i!. s. i>.i--.!.\ Smith; tin- Rev.W, i ■ ■ .-Mi'ii i ■., Mi John
Stowoil. .Mi. Alozondei Trotter, tLc l-iother of the lamented
explorer, ol the Sigeri Mr John Taylor j Ut Hornet
lir. 0. trillion . n »»i the Bight Hon* John Wynne.
Amujulty Si nvnyg.*— Tho Adm irvoyi both at homo and
abroad liuvr 1 r.-n parried out riming tho pant year with energy
•uCCCNft, and the ftfolU Comii.-m f.iM.uuildy vr'.th tin -
preceding year. The following sketch will convey an idoa aa to
how the force has been distributed, and tho amount of work
which Inn boon acoompliahod.
Cetut* of lA* UniUd Kingdom, — Captain EL J. Bedford, with hi*
thro© assistant* in the Light** >:: hara been employed, in the Brixtol
Channel. Tliuv have completed ,i new Survey of Curd iff Road
Admiralty Sun*)/* — Forvitpt Coattt,
for its to fill up. Aa to the Korea, it in at present almoet a
mJodboofc.
Tli'- ; ship of Tnvr mitliT tho ordnrn nf tho Command
Chid . • oiumuuded by on oblo survey fag i fficor. Oca
Bollock, perform* aUo Ui« dutiw of on *i r*«el
Itlf <?iig©neios of tho fc^rvico will admit j :.n<l
□■any raluablo contribution* to tba hydrography of thu <'hi:i;i .Smh
hare botit -l fro:u Command-. I tDJ i p<
COftTTOtcd with tho COfti
Straits of &f*Ki<ttun.— it win* uliui alutcd in cnir lnut rejwrt till I El
withdrawing tho eeoond Yceael from the Meditorxanc v now
i^ .--■ <iii| ktion, it wa* tho intention of tho Admiralty —
cozurV iiapartanoo of thu Strait iih a lino of steam O0BD-
miwkalk'ii between tho Atlantic arid I'acilic Oceana, and lh«
comparntircly little that waa known ••! n ■■iu.v) . i, in '
loading northwards into tho Gnlf of P« UU from ita western entrance
> ndrrtake a ihorough oxaminatian of thin region. Ttu
Jffirmnandod by Captain Mayno, ©ailed accordingly fi B I ■.■Wad
.a this nerric* in tl" fall oJ the peat year, a our latest
fioiojma:i(iii, liail coram anoad her work under favourable- circum*
rtancoa and with th oho fuJ ration <>:' the Chilian (Jovan-
f 7noW— i M'v, which i i hv hind vowels
ai:*l ]>-•<{• li.is !•■< :; i.. aboyuii<:i' ihwiii" tin ImJ J I I i. DWB g b I tOfl
officers who had been many year* nmployed on it having returned
to Sn^ ukL li 1m-, however, boon resumed under iu fa
mandinj^ cofloar Mr. Pawoi . who with two assistant*,
&off commence tho Suitors of Darl adoee and Montaonat.
ifcnntnb. — A small surveying party under Mr. Langdon, Mauler
'u» been for tone time engaged in wuu&og the «
r\.l itlrl- hrl.Vurii lhl.1 NM'f* of I !l ::- grOUp, tin* illU :l Itjfiod 'Il.Uij.Kt OX
"wafer of out ships Tendering diving operations occasionally necowary
to Ituaoro coral pu tehee.
fTb** i ship of wai on the Weet India Station, commund'd
V/ an experienced muvoying officer, Commander Chimmo, iu nhio
engaged in mrveying oporationa, when othur duUef will pormit.
Commander t ii ring the past ee.win, completed the
aurreyof thaOulf of IWSa ami othoi y the Utlld of Trini-
ilad, and made largo plane of tho entrance known an tlio " : ■ • I pew
L-id tho Auohongo of Sun Fernando.
Ill* Garmtt, and giinh<iat flrWrrl, under Command it ("hitnmo.
cxxiT Sir LloDEUICtc I. MunmiKON's Addrcts.
oMifltod by Mr. Bcomoll, Master lUff., bore oompioion1 tlie tuundings
Of Mi o Bay of Fundy, and the* _ brought to ;i el iii\*-.\ of
Xo\a Soelia.
eAnul -Thi* Htiivfv. aofa H» •'• H. Kerr, Matter i:.N..
and earriod on in a hired vessel, has mode steady progress rlu
tlit? last voir. Mr. Ren and hi* iiwnKtnnt* nho reDih < •■ ■'
service to the expedition which laid die Atlantic cubic- rf ISA
buoying the course cif tho cable, and by piloting and abiding with
their local knowledge tbo squadron which assembled in 'IV
Bay on that occasion.
British Columbia,— Mi- l'< Bdorf III tax ILK., in obngl rf this *ar-
roy. with two a«;ii*Unts, has boon employed during the past y«r,
with a hind vestal in ■unreylng the intrieato and hitherto I nl<-
knows « h,i:in. H between tho north end of Vancouver Filand :md tho
north. :n bonoden od tin- 1'ut.mh poasossionfl, in .M i t V. l..t.
BM mndn good prog™** with thin work ; ho ha* ilia rcrreyed Tun
bar and harbour at tlie ciurtem entrance of tho Skid i
in Queen Charlotte Island, tie well a* Bide plum, of t.«v«wi useful
;iti'|,(-,pagBa, not before known, on tho *horn of the mainhnnl. The
I (lie entrance of the Fraacr Ifiver has alau been lo-Mirvcvcd,
in conflcouoiice of material change* which lind occurred in the depth
and diteetion of tho ohanneL
Cups of Good 7/ope.— The survey of the shores of tli ia Colony ha*
rapid h mlv^ni-i il 1 1. waul; ■-« m| ■!■ . ;« n ilmlel £ I I ..' - 1 "-■..in:. U'J'-i
Stanton, during the post year; and, with the luauVtanoe of H.M.S.
C roundel Etabba, afforded him !■;. Commotion rahiwrii,
tho soundhiff* between Storm Itiver and Qapg Jtciine have been
•StUfect'Tiiy (.'i-nijiluted.
trio, — OeptSJB Ooi having retired from
the charge of this sum- i lon^ and useful eerriaa of mom
Tii:m flut' v ; the nirvejing brnne ti of the t ii.
epOOesdsd |j Cnmman tier W Ilk vho. wiih his :iMiietnn1 ■; dt
tho past year, ha* made OO&eideZftbkl DTOgTWi in (In nftho
coaot of this part of Australia — having oomp!
from Fort Phillip wejelmilll to wifhin a league of Cape Otway. Tbe
nwent of Victoria fasva v. l.-.ch pl.n.-cd the CoWiftl >trniD4C
I Commander Wilkiutwu's diepotal for thii duty during tho
Mftt BIT moiilli*, tho advnntuiv of -.Ik! -m of
in a small Bating res el in epperool in its 1 pin.
c^o*ii of th j (ind should it be found practicable to centime
this sdvnntnge to tho surveying oilioei^ v. ■■■ niej i Kpei t el ftO >listAnt
Admiralty Surveys — Cobnud Coast*.
i*\>v
time to luivr Qm whole eeabonrd of 'his colony completely and antia*
factorily anrvcyod.
, FKzJ*!.— -Oaptein Sidnov, in ohargo of thin snrvoy, has,
w.rh hia two naaiatiinia, made vary good progress* during the pant
year. Tho coa*t between Sydney and Part SO phi "too of
80 railcs, has born very carofnlly oxamincd and f'nartod. A re~
auxvey of tho harbour or Newcastle, rendered necessary by the
change* in 'bo banks and charmele. hu» alao bam made, and tho
harbour of Port Stephon* has likowUo boon completed.
vfufam/.— The progreaa of tho jugular aurvey of the couaU of
tKia colony baa boon gomuwhat interrupted, owing to changes Ifl
tho officer*; Staff-Cczomanda J< iffl fly ha* retired from tho ohargo
vi-y. and hia uv.ir-1 :n( 1 » r n transferred to another DC
^f ^- Bed well. Master EL&, haa tucceeded 1o the charge, ami without
any aom*tant hm completed 60 mile* of tho ahoroe of Hoi
and sounded orer 180 svjnarn mile* of ground.
Any ku* of time, however, whJuh ltu* been gnatafaffrrl through the
Oanaoa above named lm> boon more than i;<>iu|irji!<ntrd fa \iy lh<
energy and ability of Commander Naree, <.f tho Salanw.
while employed on apoeinJ enrvica between IWisbaue and the new
ttttloraent of Somerset at Cape York, haa lout n .. ■ ■■, r. i - n
paphioal i»f thoaopart* of tho Eaatorn
eoeal of Atwtralia which had only boon partially examined b I
and aiace our last rcpnxt Commander Ham haa 00X11 fad the caatern
aaaajtot Qtoohintooke Ialand, the Palm [aland Group, and I lei
B-J-
The examination of the Koutheru and oaaturu eboiue of tho Gulf
eC Otfpenturia bv the Salamander waa pontponcd during tho last
aeaaoc, from preen of othar dutice; but it haa pm! -il.lv i . a I U I U ■'
oat ere this,
6WA Australia. — The little v««el employed on the survey of tho
coast of South Aiiatrtilia bad, a» *tatcd in our luat year'a report, boon
traiihf': •■• 1 f« r :i vciy - iiNidcrable time, at tin- n i^uchI nf tl.<
; mm t. to the north and jiorth-weetera ooaets of Aoetmli
ccaiBOrtii.n with tho u-rinui ion uj DOW | • ■ ■ U-i.i. -!»1 . I.itiotly Mi.
Howard, Master R.S., who wu* in charge, together wi li Ik- i- -in t,
Mr. Guy, have been able to add couai durably to our knowledge of
these chorea, and have charted tl t ojhM l^hvrm t'api t roker, tho
north-east point of Coburg l'onin«ula and Capo Stewart, a di<Hineo
1 milna. All thia enaAt haa lx:on fairly Hounded aud aovur.il
&ew dangera accurately determined and laid down, ae well a* detailed
Sir Roderick I. Mintciu&ox'f Address.
made of KonnlndUM Bay and tho Lirerpool River. Tho
tobboI ho* dow returned to Adelaide, and Con- Mutchiaon,
og rwaimud tho cnarjy* of Qui imrvey, ha* oomaiBnoad hi* work
OB (!,«: i r-i.Mi ■iu«: of BpOBOOT <!ulf. 70 mile* of tlio count of which,
nouthwnrd <*f Uipo lUizaboth, including i O.-tn ol l'«ri Piol ft) ■;:.. Ii^vi
dready OOnpl
mmi l -i'-ti sliiy i i.-.l' ni?w chaiia have bean
engrave] ta€ yiiillifihod, noteworthy among which ib that sh"1
the Ajrulho* Bank and the OOttft Of the Cape of <;<«m1 Tiopo from
i i > • ti rlttlcl i |* Daj to Port Rata], npiwdi of lOAO original ;
Havc been added to and corrected, and 108.000 char** printed.
Ballkig DSraodooi iha ('hinaSaaand Singa-
pore by tlio Btnltg of Bond*) Banks, Gaifftr, Oarimate, nhio,
Ela, Italian, i mi Singjapova, as well as tho annual light books,
tide tables, and azimuth tables, bare hem pubUhed.
.— Independently of tho Soeiotic* «*ta-
bliftlwd in many of tho capital* of I. the pronwii
inn-.- » i Info] i j i : 1 1 1 : ■ 1 1 baa bean, *>.
ii hiiim-i vent*, rctUW • Qaognphiaolu iOtthqflqpgqp,1 *»:•
conducted by our Honorary Associate, Dr. A. Patornuum. Although
the pajt year appears not to hnro bwn remarkable for any great
i;itn Id our science, mauy inemuLr* of i-i !• iuleiv*l
haro boon pQnti b 1 in din, iinjiotUnf. wri.d. \ni.,njprt thoftC moro
otpeciully deserving of mention in on artiolo entitled kl)a* KotoV
ad Sa Erde'^lfiOYj Part v.). vrhiob oontaina a rw
•■graphical and cextograpb ical re*nli> of ail tho Xorth Polar
Expedition* in the neighbourhood of Baffin'* Bay from 1616 1>. Kb*
I | ..linn y of intf Medalli*t, Dr. II:iye», in I Ml. The paper ia
illustrated by an excalloni i:i.nn;ni:iii\<- nap, wblob giveo a clear
riow of tho suoccaaivo additions to our knowlodgo of thia portion of
tbo Arotio region*. A memoir by tho ajaj] -Icnown Siberian explorer
|0d DfttvnlfBt 91. It&ddu, is also well \\»nlliv of (Special Man
doaoribinc; tbo cbxof roaults of Ids travel* and botanic.-.! roaoaroLi
in the Cauctuuj in tho year I865u This, tc^othor with a memoir by
rinM-i:. 'On the Geographical Dhtbibotwii of r.irroU' OMIt-
theilungcn,' 180?, rajt i.), illustrated by a map, coloured to eliow
the rangca of tho genera and ftaniHaj, furnish »tril<intf oxomplcH
nf ill.- il ixf . i i.ji i uf botanical and zoologicnl distribution
with our favomitv suience. Other papeni worthy of attention are,
1 lq ere * luvctitigation of tho Ortler Alps ;' Colonel K voa SydoVa
CoJttincntai Publications.— Dr. Living&toM. cxxvii
V$BWOtf Kuropean Cnrtofrraphy in 1866 and i906 ; an \ tho
lynrrn ! Bd tol ■■ a oKtablbhrivnt *»f i » itrraan
Society for the j n n 4£oa of gt graphinal expeditions; and. lastly.
•Altitndomeajraremontsit tin !:■■!;•. .Mum ido 'IVrri
toTy,' in xi : wn tliat Piko'* Peak anil Initiating
|>ji:ii- oded In hoighl by pouts iu the Bierra nu rods
of California, on mc**ured by tfca GftOlogioa] Surrey of tint State.
Or¥aiUmzm\'t Mismmary .Wat. — A special Atlas devoted 1" tfal
iUmdrttion of Ihe Geography of Protestant Missions, and compiled
by !>•. fiuinii, i« now in courses of publication, in fierman
tod English edition*. Tho rtnit porta, containing maps of ncvoral
districts on the West ('out of Vfticft "'.■>
the work teems likely to prove very useful to all tho*« who are
interested ->* of mission* :n little known posts uf tin:
■ p ■ map** contain much dotal] and are
ooore&leat and portable farm.
Ar-r.D**. — Dr. Livingston*. - — Ihiring tho lust few month* our
though'.* Invr been directed, with painful interest, fa tho litnb
enterprise of our eminent oaAooiatc, LivingHtono. For reasons which
I b*To oxpliiinod at our evening mooting*, and olco through tho
public press, 1 have :i<"..i admitted thai than urj valM
proof whatever of th< death of thai raveller. Ami now that
Arab tradora have arrived from a spot oloao to the reported eseoo of
tho nurdor, 1 nig after the event was *aid to have tak-n pU-<\ htm!
brought to the Saltan of /..nzibar tho intelligence that ho hud pureed
safely halo tho friendly liabina country to tho w QCOd thai a
: t ha* arrived at Zanzibar that a white man had reached tho
Lake Qui, wo have frwh grounds for hoping thai In
now be piir*u>ng his journey in tho interior. In truth, wc havo
recently obtained good evidence of the mendacity ■ l the man
Mof«B, on who«« »t'ir"nii'T>r ulnni* t.ln< dou.lh ■.-.. - i mi ted — St. being
known that ho lias given one version of it to the Consul and Dr.
Kirk at Zanzibar, and also to tho Britiah rosidont at .Johanna, and
an entirely different ono to tho .urn tu
Ik mbay, by Colonel Rigby. We have, lhoreiove« tha ^t i
ground* for <ii*U) BtoTJ altogether, and for hoping that
our gr<«t traveller ban pawed safely thxOV^h (he brten&i
euantry and reached tho Luke Tanganyika, ihe great object of hie
musico.
Already Livingstone, by crowing the northern ond of his <^xvi
cuvuj
SirBODSOU B I. Mt .; i:-,.(.\'.> A'hlrts*,
I .-.*a, liaa delcrmined one ini|«ni.iiH point ifl PWptOt toifce
■watershed of South Africa, for ho has proved, according to I k ■
Kirk, that (fall great sheet of water lioro terminate*, and is not
OODBMtod with tliu more DOlttu ily Lake Tanganyika. If li
been spared, aa wo all hope, he has beforo him n» grand a career a*
w:i': i.'Vi ! I. till 1.1 Ut In. I 'I, n \ ' i I -UTI .. V^l- >1«' I*, it t» '■ pTO-
bahhi [.hat Tanganyika, .« IYwli-wat«T «oa which must have an
Outlet, ifl •■■ t:im-. !:-■! CG fli.' u-.it3i with ill.- AHh it \>iwi7.ii uf liftkor
hihI i"thi'i> U 'long I I '.In. N Wt -; I b I I Poi sithCugt I", ntou mwl
Bpeka intimated tha In-ight nf Leis Taiunmyika i<i U- little mm -
than 1800 feet above the soft — tbo Albert, or lower lake being,
■ !:• r, "J720 fool m;inv pi.rsynB, mietni^i i;
obtained by t.hn urn of n bad thermoniafpr, atill think it. probable
that tin l .n-^nyika may communicate through a gorge ii
inoiintaiiiM at its northern caul with tho Albert AJ^&nsa of Baker;
for both these water* li'» in tli" .-- : « r « - < ■ i:i< i ■nlian.
PazvainA this subject, ova WMKiStis Mi. Finaley, after i
riaon of tho altitude observations of Burton and Spoke, on tb-.
Rat Africa; expedition, tin-- 9 <n<! Grant on the 8*c.<>n.I.
and of Hakor on hifl jrrmL joiiniry to tfca Albert Nynnxa. has
prepared a memoir in which he endeavour* to prove that these*
various altitudes arts not meonbislent with l <m
! 1 , 1 1 ■! ii, 1 in, 1 1 Jo 1 « i ' bs Hilt fcysfi 1; 1. with an axil Eato Albert
Kjtau2m. This important BrgtBacnUtiY.- memoir will 04 rwd to
U at OV ftnt m. i.iiti^ Bftn tin- Anniversary.
FVv myself, I give no opinnm on ft rtueMion which, lika many
iitliri.N I l-:.;h- •■ lit- Ai'l I « : = * I ■ ; (■■>" :i;-I' mi.-mIK I (_' i'.ii illld *'\ puM
tivc survey only. Let u«, t h« 11, mist that Livingatono lias been
1 11:1 Id.. i f. -.'v. ftdfc riHgttLU K tnt*T»*tin^ piuhh m
In the mean time, not hrlinring in tbo death of I. USfl OH
the sole testimony of one of his cowardly baggoge-boarcrn who fed,
and who baa already given diflurt-tit versions of tbo catastrophe,
I am suro tho Sooi»»Ty and tho public uill approve of the rouian I
recommended, and in which I was coidially supported by the
('outimI, and, to their greet credit, by Her Majesty's GOTflBU
nnme-ly, tn *oti>1 out a bout, i-xjn ditinu r<i I of Uakn
Nyaaeu. and thua ascertain tin- !m h. [f fag -his exhaustive search
wo ascertain that, (sceptical u wo arc, tho noblo fuller.
fall at that spot whore tho Johantin BUB Bid hfl wsa killetl, why
tl- n. alas! at our noxt anniversary, it. will l>o tho sari duty of
President, in znuuming for hia loss, to dwoll upon tlie wondrous
Fate of D'\ '■
aehi*v*ro»N \ big lifts If, ->n Uhj contrary, we vhould learn
from out own envoy* ami n.tt m ly final ll lb ' ••'.■r*. that bo
luu pnw.d on tab tin En
■fix or B©vonmonthB),why tli<:n. truatingto tho *kIU .in 1 indomitable
A'y may feftl a*«iirt}d that, among lYun-Hy
..In. know thai ho I> tlioii ataadfast (Viand, ba nut) -till
realise *juo of tkogrumlest geographical triumph* of oiu era. tho con-
H"ti .i ii. great 'lYDgeaoyik** willi th<
Bur a I would hitvn my count mad
to obtain rapid intelligence of dUunt travellers not to di^nair if
tboy ojjoulii l>0 a year or hiop. without nntod
Fot if ho bfl alive, thoy meat wollact that ho haa with
him n small band only uf faithful negrOQB, DO one "f wham
could b« spared to tru-veno tho wide region* between Lnkt Tangnn-
aiwi the- r«>ut. Until In- liimself reappiw* — fend bow Imigwaa
he unbenrd of in hi* first frjeat traToraoof Si. miii in Aftim! — wo
have, Ibarefbro, liid. .1*. .in. o| knowing the true result of hi«
niu*ino. But if, a* I f-rvontly pray, ha should return to no, with
what open anm will tin errantry raoejve liim! iuul how rejoiced
will your President he, if ho lives, to nTOaidc Dffltf Ml fraud a
I. *ing*tone festival ad be did when thin noblo mid I i- -n hearted
1 [.,]( -.11 III- ...MMIhl .....
t p .i ■ u which I have announced as aboo.1 to ■■■ Baatora
Africa, to procure accurate information concerning Livingstone,
will 1 n.ili-tl liy Mr i:. I* ^ ■ n t >l;, whc ■ I W I • ■'■ l] I
in tin t'« > ■ 1 1 1 ■ i ' X imbp ■ I i \ pi iliii. in. in the roanrij" luriit. if thn fcicty
•VyocnT river- boat. With liii.. 1 Mr. Henry Faulk-
ner, " if groat promine, nod two nc Inn
i mechanic and tho othoi a R^amon. l!. :ion, I am
jr to my. ia warmlj anp] . Hot M>, | I OTtnuaani,
and tho building of tl,« boat ia raj idl) pi gX efog D ■ rdore
It) 'ii- boat wi l be a arilfng om\ nda
u'l buill in pitrco>, dm unc uf which ariL weigh more tiiau
M lb*., «> that the purtogo of tho whi la by oatirw patit Um oato-
ruct* of the Shirt* will bo much facilitated. Tho Government have
mrnnfri-d for the tmnaporl of thn party t.. 1 1 ■ - Capo, with thu boat
andatorcs, by tin: African mail .iteamer on tho 9tfa iCOth."
* To the credit of the Union Steam Packet Company <r*t ha* been ukto
. I learn toat
«Hpwi> MiM fiuui Pljiihcuh ou llM i iih uutAnl.— Jum 12, lbo".
TOU x\xv:i. i
i « :-
Sir Koperick I. MuncniKtm'* Address.
Arrived thoro, <HM <>f <->ur snustlfwil] tola- ih . ic Limbo
mouth of the Zambesi, where the bait will bo jail t- ~
party — haviug engaged u crew of uegrot* — will be kfi tn pursue
lliuif B0ttfl Ufcd i.-lvriiliirM'!:. wi.iiiIJm lln- / hiiIicnS :;iid t!.i ShMh
to thu head of tho Lake Nyoaa. On account of thr- hc*vy ». ,
ulii.li prevail OB Hu Western bl leeward nidi' of that lak<\
: Bod will Imp dote to it* eastwaivl ibor*, hitherto oa
plorod, and it is expected it will roach Kampnndu, at the- northern
mlty, by lln ond of Qotdbar, and there aBouti-on uli<
our great traveller has perishod as reported, or Lae pawed forward
in safety thron^li f'uKOuibc («-• tin. hub T m^anyika.
S»uttjfjl, — Tn former AddrewoH T bftVl had occasion to rwrrnl tho
great *orvin ■> n-mlt-rcd to (reograpb J 1_\ the enlightened Goyornor
of tbo French potttovtrioaet on tho Souo^il, Colonel Paldherbo, who
has greatly extended onr knowledge of tho country along tho luuika
of that rivor. The moat advanced post of t.h» FroDOa li M liic. near
the cataract* of Felon, GOO niilep from the inoutl., up to v
point tho river is navigable, during fh month*, for voetel*
i uf water. Withl r<i taming tho (•i*lia".i-.?
ndition of tho countries beyond tho eastern frontier, w also to
accurately tho geographical poritSflBl of ]>)«oen lwtw*«i
Tapper Senegal find tin- Ni^er, an expedition waa wait on
Ciilorirl Riiilln rbr. in I860, bO tnurlM: &o di*Unco bet'.
Modino and tho important town of Scgon, which had been vUitod
by onr own renown" i tn Park, rixtj ptsn previously
The mission ni mofJ sUj and *uootw*fully carried out by I
tenant E. Mage and I>r. Qnintin of tho French navy. Countries
n"':'i'TitIj desolated by semi- religious wore eurricd on by Mmcrohaarj
chiefs worn travor*nl i\ii)i greti i mil ili« [M*itionfi of the
route carefully laid down, the i n being a lAftota* to the
north, after orossing tlio Senegal, by Diangounte, to Yatnina, on the
\ijn-r, ami thoneo by SUM to Segnn, By thia journey I.jiMiN'unnt
Mage has filled up n void in all maps of tho region of the Upper
(• ■_■>!, t'xl the ]><< iti.'ii t i»f ninny plaoon aa previously
laid down by Muogo Park and others; but tho aocnraoy of onr
in i i piM-i iuijxu iinf, points ix ihcnfnUy acknow-
ledged by hut ucoompIieJicd French snocosAor, especially, t
in the position of Yamiua, wfalofa Muug<> Park I
Lieutenant Mage found to be \i° 17* k. kt lha exped
returned to tho mouth of tho Senegal in June, lE^C, and the
Atia.— Cathay, cxxxi
French Geographical Society iu tin protcut yoar La- WWlrfbfl
coongcons leader with odd of iU gold roodnln.
\. — Whilht, with tin* (xcrpiion of tho probable urttlemcnt of
(ho DOtth end of L.iku N vasatt by the last journey of Livingstone,
HUio has U; on addict m tho prifri JOaC 10 OB et"<-k of IcBOwtftdgB
respecting Africa, much information lins in tho umo period been
elicited regarding tho geography nf Central Asia, pftrtknUrly a*
respect* tic physical feature* of tboec rout northern portion* of it
which Lvro been explored by tho ICuseians, and tho position* of
fd*oes uiil ii.. .ii-if.iin ranges lairl down by our own Kiirveyoni tn
the north of British India.
At tlit ht'Aii - T liu Ubtiin aKuIj luivo elucidated tho comparative
geography of this qnnrtor of tho globe, 1 place the two n |
volumes produced by on ju-W associate GdIoxmI Henry
YoJe, a*», entitled 'Cathay and tho Way Thither/ published by oux
sctiv. \m tho members of tho Ilakluyt Sccioty, and of
whow i our Bocivtv) Mi. Qan/ea&B Kvkbtfa is tho
pcnfikuou* odjtor. Altlioogh the Mudcnt of the forraor oondlii Ofl
of Chin* and tho surrounding regions ha* over dwelt with profit
and delight on the deaoriptuum of the- great Inmdlcr 11: n n
*» firet brought under tho notice of modem English reader*
by Maradon. and un nince rendered so popular by the excellent
wurk of M. I'snthicr, it was 1*-Tt ftu Golooe] YiiIh nifty to
extend our acquaintance with the amount of information possessed
by cur ancestors in tho modijcva) centurion which enccccdcd to
the epoch when the groat Venetian lived. By gat]
D« collection various reeoids uf other IravclUin iu the Eaat,
oosntacticinft with those < ■■■•• "' ind orig ' <r Odorio
of Pordcnonc, in tho fourteenth century, Colonel Yule ha* not
only MtinurNl ' I has at tbo same I
gratified geographer* by tho preparation of a most instructive map
of Asia, suoh as it was when explored by those earlier travnlW*.
aid when it wu* ruhd over bj til ■ I iln* family
of Going biz Khun.
The oontraat between the 6tatustieal un i p .im,-.,! ooaditioB of Asia,
foitksiUr .11 portion, in T)nifto days when morouitalo naen
iscd it froelyfrom Axof or from Tabriz to India and Cldnu, and
the present tjnie, when thcro exintu so small an Utt B&l Oi Lttd intor-
OQOJXM Wtth RtlTOp*. ih truly ;iwtonUbJng In (11.. ."i:;ys V0& OVU
■ late as tlio sixteenth coutury, Samarkand, a city xenonned as a
cxxxu Sir Roderick L Murciiison'j Addrttt.
Aoat of Mnhammorbin learning, was frflnnentrtl hy eriihaish**. includ-
ing one fxoia tho King uf Spain. Kmu om own Quota E&tsa
waa iii l.lio tir.vt vwir ol hoi EOJgfl ft) open out an tntor-
OOOflai by way of tho OaaphM with lVr*ia and India, that aha
addroaved a letter R3 "' Am ' iroot Sophi, Kmporor of tho Mcdc* and
r.-irrln.i:i '." It WllM lllOU (1658) OlulJvllUlTinuU, OUT Gnglltth travi.-l |i. r,
i-iiMiyli .in \Ktmchan to Bokhara, pawing by UrghoiuH,
\n\v, with tlit> •XOOptlOB wf liu»#Lu whoctc miwiuu in 1941 lui*
boon noticed in prorioua oddrowotf, no European powur haa had
any IQfft Of »> ■ ■ with tho truonVut Knur "t" Bokbai*, to
whom Miiirli it' Thi.v fine tvgion its. abut! itlbjnUrtl. It haxKiuuobeen
]< li to '. i raTcllora, ono of tho lout of whott j« the enterprising
?iriau VamU'ry, to oxplain to tho oivilixod world tho real
state of tikis region, onc« n Important and now n Ekllan through
any aud raifl government. No ono can liavc read that author a
sketch of tho ■ Ho native* in cither of tho Kbaanuto
of K)iu:i or Bokhara without rojotoing that Ruaria ban, through
iln! aurgyof her Govornment, at last brought theno barbari.i:
rcepcot the frontiers of an ompii-' waloa bM •atablinhcd a &afo lino
ofoOflUVnnioation botwonn itn own territorial and tho»o of China.
Ono of tlin most important atatiatfaa] result* of modern geogra-
phical ro*coreh, und tho on»p loyiDi at of natural mcana to a groat
oii<1, ■>:■ the bringing into icul iim, for tho first timo in history,
tho Rlvor JaxarUm aftha inoianin (aim callad tin: S\ r 1 >aria), and
navigating ii with steamers from i'-a mouth on Lao Sea of Aral fur
btuulrod iiiii-i tut » TntUstu and Kokand, By Qiifl groat
ttd ..y thfl • raetfoil offtots, Rn«in has ratabliKh< .1 ..n . ntirnly
now and well-piuteetod route between Europe and ' 'hiiia, far to tho
: >l li..i R How 'I by baTOlkfl l&d merohauttf sn tin: luiddlo
ago*, which, was from tho south ond of tho Caspian.
KngUnd. holding oh she thm n high u maritime powtion among
tho nations, may reflect with Bat ^fiction on her groat eastern
traffic with India and China, oairM <>:' by 3»or own great road,
tho OOOaa; and, far from anvying i!.-1 n?i:out oponiug « ut <if thw
land and ritax route through Central Asia, oho may be well plcaaod
that her Northern allioa nhould havo a hononcial commorcial tniffio
by caravanw with t&OM GBKtQfl n«giona of north-wi-nrri: < hina, with
, in foot, wo never have had any intorcouinc, but with whom
thn KuAfciann havo traded for og<tft, Ifaovgfa always until no^-
moro or lew impediment, duo to tho forays of the intermediate wild
people, and particularly tho Kukaudiuu*. The two great empire*
Asia. — Aralo-Caspian Basin.
ii
tttia and CbJnn ecom, in foot, 1c be ; naturo to I
rhangc rcraiinodiiiaa by land and river < u through
itral Asia: and w. lung .uj the lino of i in ■ i ., i
icm in separated, cut it now in, from British India ami it* depend*
If* \.v in.ni:ttiiiiMUK( .1. ill.'.
- - 1 -» j 1 7 ■ - - thai ■ hi '■■' iuii ha the wii»lU*t ground of Jsalonay
on the part of Britain.
Oi» ! I woe muoli gratified, at oar ■
rtcroing ti"» thn abln memoir otfOaptnla Sbarord o>hnrn on tba
itual state of ( 'hineao Tartan', au enormous region that dab become,
the relaxation of the Chincoo hold, " no nmn'is land," nod in
Ing frOD (M|!i<'iit :ttiT In ir :ix ui'U :.- fi-.in thf rommfm*
': , that, instiviil of any apprehension be
rognr : late Human advances, it woo generally toU that it
would U- greatly to tho udvnntngo of thfl UttfM, as well as to
BritUfc power in India, that the Inflames of a oMUaad Christian
nation should be cxtendod eastward over a region now becoming
desolate): meat and iawlaaaneat-*
imm lead me naturally to any n Caw word* upon
the geographical operations of ooj medallist \ Imi J BootakoS,
which ku.w mainly ltxl to the cstabliahnient of the DOW ftutaiaa
: ■'.■ ■' ' ■■■ - .< H. |l;t!!n-. :i:m vlnrl. Ii.iv. jiixtly obtiii 1 !". il hltU :*
high reputation. The first of Uii*o (iiti i jn i.-r,-. miylit filmiKit !«_•
called tho geographical discovery ..f thn Aral Sea. Wet, although
iter had been known to Ami ■
daring sj?viTal oanturiM under the nunn of tin >r., of Khw&rexm.
though it* shoxcm had boon visited by tra\ irhom was
the aoootnpli&hcd Hueeion geographer George von JUcyendorf, who
deacrti'fl thi months o - Daria or Jaxartes^al Itt north-
east* . ity, iiiul .it k if.lit i , General Dsn^l who 1 da Wuwian
expedition along itc western banks in tho winter of 1S25-C, no uliip
bad ever* lliu rilmt n*. The flrwt v- si Is inehtdopOB
UwM -'I -.[ Orenburg In 1848, and bnasportad in r
screes ihc dc*crt, ami in it- Boutakoffi after two years of navigation.
• Tie reader who wishr* bo bwonw seiuaintcd »ith (be phj»iral ftoun
Hrninu of tbt dioi iou oi ( bi • Tmrmry, toweU*Kpoaadea ■ '
Otters, soft r.r nin-ii r.» mparta1 s Isrg* map, must consult K*IUl John
Library Map or Asia. puUtshsd bg Mr. Stanford, la the prrpnnuon of vhlch
Mt. Trt-Ut iii-v iSauutlen twi. n liuiding part
. (in! pul.Unhcd itotioc of tho rtmarfeabU carpoditteB ef G«Mtal BsR
of myt.'lf and coniljutar*, 'Botri* and ifal Oral Mmiiilsiiw,"
*vl i ;. i.-u»ml ll«>rg is oow i.V>i«»l d« LV«rg, snii tli^ Bnpftef'l ivpr»-
wi4»ive in Uusiisii Poland.
cxrxiv Sir Roderick I. Muschksok'* Addras,
donned tho real lllBpQ of tho coa*t, OAtablinhcd tho depths of tliv
ha disoovorerof tho largo \x\uw>\ In a. tin wQd snle-
lope* of which cenw to ataro witli iwtnntiTi ol without fear,
n( flu.ir firmt invader*.
Fifteon years h»vo elapsed nnoo 1 communicated tho fir**
til j -.i|ii r of Dootabcifi' in . i \ mil it. ffu ipokio of
all the praiao it merited in my Anniversary Address of the year
1853.* 'I'ln- morwiflll «XJ>1 oration of tho Jaxarte*, an«l
cornry of Itfl ELtOBM lb strum navigation, wliirli wa* thn next exploit
of Jtoufokoff, led to tho establishment of the groat central route to
<)><n:» alro&dy mentioned, and Russia naturally *TaJ I. .1 h«8MU of
the commercial Advantages thus presented in theso natural fail arm
near Ih© boundarica of her Asiatic powewione.
Tho qtOftlOD now arisen, vrhothor, by theao enterprises, tho honour
dOM not truly balong to Busaift of having, for tho first timo in his-
tory, defined tho comma of the Syi Doria and it* exit into tho Sea
of Aral? Tho classical writers wore, as 1 hh&U presently nhow,
ignorant of tho true geography of this region, particularly of its
northern part, Bod BO BttoatHe cunsidnration of it* geoh
structure and physical outlines bos led too, followed by too
inquiries I havo made among comparative geograpbar* who havo
wdl utatliod tli<' Mil ji"-t, to baliora tfeof tbuu utaua with r<*i*<.t
U> tho Aral Sea is no proof that it has not cxintcd during the whole
of the historical aft,
Hi tiding this Opinion, T necessarily differ from rny friend Sir
M. I'uwlinfton, who, in observations recently delivered from tho
choir of this Society f rondo a vory ingenious I b and *avo
it an hi* opinion tli -t thorn was sufficient evidence to xhuv.- that in
early ti:ii>.r-,*;ty from 000 years before the Christian era to 500 or 600
years after it, both tho jivcr Oxue and Jaxartoo flowod into tho
Caspian, tho Aral being non-existent. That afterwards, xnd up to
Iho >t?ar 1300, they fell Into the Anil, ami that for the next two
hundred years (1-500 to l.VX>) tftey came back into tho Ctopian,
subsequently fiowing gradually back into tho Aral and forming tho
Si-: .i . we ritiw know if.
Although 1 k&Oir that my colleague will admit tliat my joo-
logioil data must havo somo weight, J havo to claim his indulgence
for raBtufng Co DTLtttloa tho views of so eminent a scholar re*p*ct-
• ■ Ji.iirxiul,' \o\, xsiii., Prctidem'i Address, p. IxutL
t See ' l*r***«diiig»,' l lib Mmch. i*p".7
Atia.—Araia-Casjrian Basin.
rxxxy
ing the change* of physical ioaturoc in this region that may h&ro
h»PI>. '.ir«l iii th* days of blttof) Etappofted hovranc) • I m v.-
whow knowlodgo 1 place great reliance, I
mwi say that I cannot rogard tho Persian mannaonpt, which was
pivaoutad ti> Sir Iiit.rv by :. olovar chfcf of Herat, to be a document
;<> 1.1 ii lil iImj ooadasions at which 1 have
arrived on many indcjwndent ground*,
h anoi« a1 course of the Oxua, I boo no umou to
differ from tho ParaUii writrr and Btf Hemy. Bat v.!
abated that in the year a.u 1417 the Jnxartca had deviated from ita
fonri- . and instead of flowing into the Caspian (as tho
rata had it), joined tho Oxua, and titw, tho twn rivorx occupy-
ing one and the nunc- bed, come into that *ea, I must will ho
1 h i.: 11 iK. \«>1 .,ii*l it. iitid before vro
Attach crodanon to it uro muut havo nomo physical ovidonoe to Slli-
tain it lit iay h la to of itccpticiani regarding tho value of this
tan nunuecript, now for tho first time produced, that which
m mo fi prtwi aa a sign of it* invalidity, i«, tliat whuti thlfl
rwgimi mi open to knowledge through tho long-enduring reign
of the tiviliecd and literary Arabians (oay from the 7th to fit
century), tho Aral was known and 1 » u a distinct
waif.r-hk-in tmdor tho name of Soa of Khwarozm. On the othor
iter Uiat period knowledge became dim and loco].
and civil notion wan at ita lowest ebb, then it waa that U10 Aral
disappeared. My concltudon tVom this coincidence of tho (mppoaod
fing of tho Aral, wilh the absence of records nwpecting it,
I the noft had oxiatod daring ull that time, but that
thoro waro then no geographer* to record tho fact.
!ri tattling thia subject, let up firnt onniinW the m-primtion of
tho Aral from the Caspian as originally dependent on geological
ohang<« of tho *nrfoco, and thon prooocd to cetimato tho valuo wo
are to attach to tho writing! of tho olaaiicnl anthoritii* in refunmeo
to a region bo Tery imperfoctly known to them. Aa a geulogibt who
had atudicd thin Arnlo-Coapiau q nation m ailu 1 bog to placo on
record in our Geogmphical volumes my view of tho prelnVorin
phyfcicul outlines of a region which, with the exception of tho
obliteration of one month of tho Oxoa, has, I to thiufe,
nndorgono no owcntial change during tho human period.
According to all good anthoritina, including Huinliohll, thru'
<1 in tho lntcel tertiary, or what eomo call quaternary time*, a
▼act depression on tho surfaoo of tho globe, oxtonding ovor tf,000
CXX5TI
Sir ii L Muucuison'j Addrtu,
square marine leagues, fa frhiofa I ^reut inland sea wa»
uiuUti.l. and wfafgft) in I WQlil <>h iiii:-.i.i, my jii«<R-i:l(*'s !iim1 my-
iielf In I'd oat under Humboldt"* name of Aralo-Caspian.*
In 1li.il eta than IfTOd an a-lmndanco of iuoIIukooiih and oth4T
..)k. all of ftp< ring n local and HDD ted raugn, and
:ill strikingly distinguished fiuiu (In- i;um- BUBWOUI iuiiuuiIb of
oceanic ncua. >'ow, owing h MTftld IftVgl poHioMO
bottom if that old inland *Oft, its anini: in a fo«il
Htatc, tin- Stflppa liuit Mum , six arm at different lovcifl over an cnur-
XDOuaorea, Owing to thonoprthirt d [a a rvi
■ili, •(). ■:< -i il .. <iii:.iiih ure w*n to oooapy the straUon iha hanks
'•rtln-lkk i.. wi-Il as on tlms'iiirrtfjf the Gurpiu &
aloe occur at various places and at different height* in the adjacent
St'ip] n.::v of il"' Don '"'•tfwicka to
i In- Dortn "f the. Son of Azof, whore T havo inyaolf examinod I
Stan ii hereibrc no .1 t, b prehistoric time*, the Aral
and Ihi Oaupian, and also po tions of & maol) wider region, now
i fl ibovi them, vr*n occupied 1 "3* one vmI Internal nnd do-
presaed km, large poition* of which have been desiccated. By
those tuovcmcnU of . ■ past of fchi Gomel xrcat ace
which been mc tlio Aral wo* ofevated to about 117 ft. ebovi tbt i"..romr
vi'Bidfi ; ;u i. 'n prcaBot I Kaplan, and the saw thus insulated
wepamted through the some movements by the elovatod pi
now oallod Utt-1 Ft
Thi* wa* tho physical condition of tho region long before
tindiii'iu "i lii-i'iy. IIiimbuldL has well jcmurkt'd tbut the £ reel
Aralo-Caspinn depression had a Similar origin to tho much deeper
."i-.il>- hi onpiadhy the Dead Sen, though tha
one is only Hi! feet nud the other n '0 feet beneath the Ocean.
il -. ■ idnHvitur t.'i m:rt>unt il.- .-n ti li> low present
lovol of the old Aralo-Govpion Sea by evaporation only, we ate met
by the fuels that large poition* uf it* former bottom Lute been
raised t> diiu I- -lit il.mu.i ii ;l. Esd Uust tho
IovoU of the Sea of Aral and the Caspian or© aUo difforent, and are
. |i di-il \t\ tllO -■i''-'!' ]'h*ti ill «i' I *\ \ rl Al ii I-. 'nnf.M.K:'iil.»
to explain tho txw dc lunch deeper cavity of the Dead Sen
except by n greater Kinking of tho earth'* crust, so i* aneh a
pill ii'Hi.i BOB pri'ci^i-ly what. ^Molngihlx wi.nlil taj»»'ri. I ■ ■
• But 'l.uwitt in Kurvpv and ihe Dril MouaiBlai*' wl lOMlti and
portj niop»nd section, y. 911, Uviu iLi- Bet •* A of ocr«a the
t'upinu and the Ust-Urt m tbo Sea of Awl,
k
Ma, — A ral&- Caspian Basin,
cxxxvu
u a natural and oompenwituig remit of the corresponding upheaval
kdjacont lofty mountain
llui li ing the eoncluaji > al wluch goologiet* havoarrivcd, lotti*
mi if it bo interferad with by any rcliublo historical record*. A* t€>
the fcnowhxlge pomuswd by Alexander, or kSl oottODpanrfaf, itrvally
ioee not touch the quoslien of tho relative court** of tho Oxus and
Jaxarto* toward* their mouth:-. Pot Alxondor crowed tho Oxua at
shout 400 Miles above it« muutb, und the most western point at
oonqueroi roaobfil the J&iuitea wag <
v ho poMied it to defeat tho Scythians ; and that trpot ib ubout
eonidiiiUint from tho Aral Sea. Consequent I;- >'dor
. i» generalfl could know anything ol Iha ml w u a of ettbtf
riwi for great dietaucOT above their mouths. Scholars and com-
parative geographers duuhr, >nv woight can bo attached
statement of tha QroelEB, thai both the
and Jaxartea Honed into the Caspian, by moutlia aomo SCO miles
apart,* when they uoo how equally unanimous w©r.- tin wrii>.<m
who csuni) Ixitwfi-'n Hnrodotaa. and Ptolemy in bftliorisg tho Caspian
to bo but a Rnlf of tho Northern Oecan ! Again, wo ace liow
pensi be iulloxvoro of Alexander confouinUui tho Jaxartoa
01 ifd tint they had donbled Wk upon
■ u of Euro] ' .
••'In.. expcxKrion of Alexander," any* 1! " fur from ox-
tending or ret dicing the geography of tW Qsipaa Eft
i the Jaxartea, and tho (Tauooaua with tic. I'&ropa-
s&uua or Hindu Kunh. " f Again. M It in through a eiujpilar »■■
nuftauooH that the great Macedonian expedition, vhioh
in <itlyir reapectfl extended ;ho grtographiml horiKon ofthu VTea
n>, becamo fatal to the gcognpiiy of tho Caspian Soa-"J
bar on, ho aayu, "Borne traoos of tbo Sen of A- »i. d bribed
w a great basin to tho east of the Ural or Jaik River, arc
1 in Munnndcr, the U>y.imtine hietoriographor; but it El
with ill* 8«riee of Arabian geographers, ut tho head of whom, in tho
century, era must place Kl-Istachry, that wo firat obtain a
certain knowledge offlie topography of thaw oonnfiriea/*«;
a Mi [a, that, •••■ lien it w*s thuo locwely *«id, that both tho
Ubcu* uad Jiixarlea flowud into tho ( wo must make dno
sllowanci! tor tho ignorance of tho annicnta of the northern portion
" :*oo ftsqin according to Kraiostheuet, nnd *0 parasongi according Co Putnclur.
"abo.
t 'Ask Centrafe,' vol. ii. p. U. : EbUq p. U3. % llndM p. IIC
cxxxviii Sia Kodemck J. Moechison* Address.
of tbli vast n^firj, ] v Of flic OOUM of tha JatartnR, "n*
</f ilnin k'iil fully cxjiloicd, .in<] a!, i 1 i ■ - nwuili -.ii '%Lid. none
Of tfaem had arrived.
If, uuIi-.mI, uyi ri-ly on th»> «ag*cion* Rennoll. ho, in hi* great
work on the 'Geo*; ;yotoin of Heiudulu*,' may bo w*<«l to
bare established thin point, for. in speaking of tho old googtnpbort,
be tayt, " thoy un-V i ttOC*) tbo .trul fo /* induchi in iKt Oirtpton,
hhoc thqj know but of ono expnnw of water in tfea
tbo Cyrus and Anno*. Oxus and Jaxartc*, wcro all supposed to fall
into the nmo «oa." Huh ho contrasts with the aueurato sub*.
H Clf tho Arabian geographers. And truly so, for this
wae tho regular progress of ohsorTation, and a great advance over
tlm igtwmuoe of tho classical writers rotepootmg thorn byperboroaa
tract*. In thnan timafi tha region* inhabited by din Majvagobfi
and tho King of Kharasuia (tho present Khiva) vroro barbarous
countrioa, nevor explored by geograpl ■ "■ally, tbo
classical authorities could i I ;lv I ivo obtained the little knowledge
tlioy pomemed from ut [VQ heorwiy.
In Ufl Mb essay on tho I Life of Alexander the QmV Williams
distinctly laya down, ;u hi* Big of thai [>eriod, iho *>>aa of tho Aral
and Caicpian m li.;ih« i hndiiM of water. Tho nno separation is
given by ttenncll, in lua map of tho twenty satrapies of 1 1
Bj8ttfp*8; mil, whilst in it ho indicates tho Oxim llowiug into tho
Onptaa, in3tbi Jonvtsi fcntotbi fcnlrbo shows oomplatalyluvtt
fefat hW aeaa nxit tc pa rated by what ho terras tho high plateau of
Simnb, :1k- It I .1 of tho present day.
Again, Tbirlwall, in his 'SstOipof Greece,' plainly leads: iu to
re that the Greeks couhl bttl I knOWB BoUdog of tho region of
tbo Sea of Arol and tho mouth of the Jaxaxtcs, COW |> what they
derived from tho reporo- ■ >! thu Kiu^c "f kh.n .: min. who come from
a distance in tho north to visit Alexander. In short, there is no
historical oidonoo whatever to oppose tho viow, that the outline
and structure of tho Arulo-Caapian region, a* now soon, was deter-
<1. as 1 huTo mid, long anterior to tho historical era.
On trt of tho prehistoric deputation of tbo Aral from
tho Caspian, 1 entirely concur Willi Humboldt, " If wo osoond,"
ha BsjBj " to tho primitive condition of tho vast Medium;
concavity, T should Iks led to believe thut, notwithstanding tbo
diminution of surface which tho Caspian and Aral basins may
hav.« in >l< rgftma in tho. historical time*, from Heoarjeua and
Herodotus down to tho tenth century of our ora— 1. 1. U> lLo ilayi of
Asia. — Arah' Caspian Basin.
cat xxix
the Arab geographers Kl-Istoehry and F.hn IF.ntcJ — the event
of tbo **]MiT»ts>-iii of the Aral and Caspian rtammnt* to u goolo-
gknl epoch, which, like tho tepantfoo if Iul- Km! no 0ml I ho
Ganpinn, or the opening out of (fee Dm UmUi nd Pu S i
Gibraltar, aru nil anto-iintorieftl, i r for beyond any human
In jU8Uin.il >g w it ia to bo remarked that, whilot tho
Aral Sou trends from north to south, tho Syr Dnria and it* ein-
Irauchineut the Kuvui Darin, which flow into it fruni tbo CaaU
have had coortee at right anglea to that ma itself; thus favouring
tbo gcofccjicuJ view that tho gr»>:. .hich produced tho
pW« . h hi I N rt, aopamtod tho So& of Aval from tin r . .
and left thfl chum Occupied by tho Aral* wue also fta "1 (as
is ttjiul in micU olen by rrangvorso flanking opening* in tho
■ ' tlio out, along wbi D tin*
view tho p*ralloli«u of tho Syr iXsrla to that of tho Kuvon Darin,
olont 50 unJoo eouth of it, is remarkable
If tJ lefl over flowed to the «outh-we«t, m vng$*t*A by
i an, it aiuBt have joined the Oxua long Mm tin-
united fltrconw f. !I into tbo Qwpian, which is vory distant from
the i*curv»t point of tbo volley of tho Ox a*. I'ut if n
tbo great Mtivatae ■ i n m Knthfln ;> latitude, it must
bare been perfectly well known to the ancienw, and thoy hav©
nude no alluKion to it On Ui© contrary, thoy be!
■I.:-.! that the riTere fell fndepeadflotly to, and by
different courses, pcp&rnVd from carl: other, by ft wide internal.
\N i k that, probably, tho many -mouthed Oxi**oJway*flent
a largn portion of its water* info tho Aral, T nlan quit, belli ve that
tec of tho brain >iu:linl fmim ih n, as explained
by Humboldt, and an proved indeed by the old Knj >*ller
Jenlanson, to whom he refer*. It will :>U<- '••" j" -r-ntly seen that
tbo distinguish) -d Asiatic geographer Sommmf would cApluiu the
dcoicoatiori of tho former or CaapUn branch of tlio Uxuu •
maimer. The stoppage of that watercourse (formoily an nminl lino
of traffic) muy olio be accounted for by a local i-k-v ition <>f haul in
that latitude, for it ia not remote from tho scene of igBOOtU OTOp-
tiooethotprodoi > <i vol, u.i mountain*, us the greater aud lower Bal-
kan, ncai the ancient ■!. i Ated month of tbo Ohm. Such ■ change!
of level mi»y, indeed, havu U-i.u t a<: - 1 try the enxno aubtcrranoan
• Humboldt, " Asle Central*/ *ol. ii. p. I W.
rati Sir Roderick I. Mubchibox's AJdrtet.
wM6h, in this latitude, evolve, At. the prwiMuit day.thn fire* of
llaku, and have recently thrown uji volcanic mud-ialands neui
■OUibotD ttd if H« Gfttplsa 'I'll',* ul orating olluot of tliveo force*
would rii-fW.t f.hn Caspian hranoli of I.ho ' Un i ir* wat&rStO
unit'.' wi 1.I1 the brmchM wUoL ll'usi.i] kmiIIiv. > t . ! ~ m.u :ln- .'• -.il 3m*
rl li gr— .< distinction between the vicwnUkon by Sir Henry l^w-
liiikon and tuyvclf in. that whiUt I believe ibo niaia outlines of tbo
Aialit-t a-pi.i i region Wi' r il milled In mimuiU'Illft iif lln-
in f)ii »r later tertiary time*, ho refers tbc great change*
vrhii I, 'i ■ lu h:i \. hi ■ ii hi.'hI tin- Oxus
ittnl JsaaitM '<» no totj distant hlsfa i 1 Ml data - thtw referring tho
emptying and refilling of the deep hollow in which the Aral So*
o oonpflitttiw -fv BodttB kiaitti
llr <n,'« !>., iml'i-i] rnii-i Milium )it, whlnh, if RDBtfttaod, WQIlH at
once •" I my view. In rapport of the opinion thai the Aral
Soa was iionoidetent in the thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries,
he fctftKw that in tliose days I from RurogN to Atlt pasted
over di] hauls vinos occupied bj On <• If this were *ub-
stantintcd, th<: belief I have adopted Bui tbo Reparation of the
Aim) Ir >m (I..- > ';i jiian, nnd tbo upheaval of the broad intervening
plarrnu nf tiio IV; 1 ri. w.-iihl 1 novel from a jitiw
hiatoric period to il"- tl.iys of Hoiity III. and the two firat JOdwanl*
of English histcoy.
if so great u torrestrj .1 chungo of wurfaoo at thi* had
huppened in tlm ihiilcnnth m luiiitri.nih iituriw, lln« iuiii-.nr
Of it would have bo i. bruiud ih -i/h. ui BurOpS unl Ann. I'n-
willin i m ■• nw, to re*t np--.n uotsem of my own, i have
iiiitihiiltnl iIihi :. , .ruparative geogrophri C«ilu
onto the route* takou by the uirui vnllor* of that d*tv ; and
ho fearing favoured no with much information roapecting
uf this rnhjeot, I extract from his hue. tlm nppendod long n<
By reference to it the reader will 100 that no foundation for *uch
an owrtion in to bo traced in the nnrrntivce of theao old travellers.
Fot m ii tha starting po-lm of thaJi Jm t* u l lay
Upon the Volga, their lim: nf nnuvh !■« Umvd riihor quite to tbo
south of the Aral through the lands of modern Khiva, or more- to tbo
north of that SSS :in<l pix.hiM ■■ l-.-yond night 0T0B •>!' Ktl *-horo*.
♦ AlWranaAs| lo tstUtOtvririil t.» b ■ tbtttatamata "i tin ';rwt»,
traduc ihw ii i dMi Kid i falloww* and ifj- Hhr thtOriaoa
l'n! i.. -ill • : .. i ) n uir,ti<: " Wj <Jt» J:j:j," ii» lie my>, iw lite Ami uii uwjij
V. m ... pound in Uwt unrnitm if tlw LmiiMiy of Zamnnhu* to Un LL*C of
Asia. — Aralo*C<upian Basin.
o*li
In considering what changes haro or may havo occurred within
(be 1 1, and quit* independent of all former or goo-
th«Ttirbabt*ilt» ~h« rrou. laii Mrimdcr. whidi r*J«U ta*»
■■an, ar» *ftfor'' i(4 »J how Zrtmrrhiu §~c* fWn
Ryawt^ra to tVntnl Am, But uii r.u r
f.*»c4Ui, wr itie to) !| iln
Iip |.-.'-l fur 1 . 'it tin
.« Till- : l<i.^-Uy ■ i\ Sir Utary
...... t:,..i . ...*•• that «•*•
t>* (.<-<«j. oert they jol actiulli to CS* wto of the Anil, "ill nvo^nii* ii» f iitfttwe.
" V# n«»w rti lo i |.>niM r.-;jnlm< wludi l>irt* i» 00 cuutiuvn '•■. '. I U|| i.-nof
C»«-Crii>ifjl wotlu. u fir Henry Rawlin»c« i«Il* ui, leprrxnti lh« two (jri
uJ4»h- . ct'K&waraun.i'. /. th» Ami. Bat u ll th> >»• thai tin- , ,.
Ullmiy cm>n «tth IK* r--ir I SIX)? Among tho** <pi(it*1 ly N n Br*
»w of Wur J»t*. «<h at AbulfrU irnl lb« randan UanvhUiih. .no, no
Rotate, tail iIiuk fortrfii gecgr : -wi
mifcrto Ufov; bul ■ j*-**, taotfli l'-m Komdalk, i oriiarcftfio
Utk ombory, i(7«r» lo l« orifinaL It i|mLt of to* Soa cf Khwnnani ;©r Aral) m
UU parnaailfp, ami wj.nrat*} fmm th* Caafitan W ft trawl
o-utth, it ■ ■ : ' honamt tJut oolf » /-vf of th»
d Into U» wi I i. . .- I--I
Fio»hoM (the J«AartM) ui «h*r*.
■Two i»M. it- l.t.v, wbw ttoAY' ' rwhot thoot rr^Iwi*, >< h**l»
rat Aral in ■•»*l*t»-*. ll -k i ■ mf»ogmfthv
iMrtkp .o loth onitmy. «t liml that 11 llfmJf knows ihr Aral wull m
v Irultoitlona point to th< ijton*
ui r*c*al c*J«o'.*l turn* of* $?•*! IoImO **o, auJ (<ii<Iit«i; • Ulc
*» 1ha» IrJ it-**'— i
tM a dtftaii' , that Att nai at*,
MO Dak* la dicuii, D i alLuniiis » «JcplJi of JT I'aUwim. <1 «i. iVr a
ii'»/-" <>C r«a--». «i.: ban a&'tu Ureamc uira m it jirJ a» old Arab
•*tr»|*«vi had <i*acrib«J it. 1 ly no imhih i*«ir« to Jitputa that tbcvv may hav« bocn a
iftriil a&itrvrilac «f rU ar«i at th« rtm« wh*n a cwmUmKU part if not th» raua
•tmn. rtowi i Into IbvOu] tmtti mure
fcipitaiaan nod <Jea!«oi '
* Tbc-.-< n on taj-iiLTtjl mi l!n!» Wbj" ' 01 .rl 1 . . 11 ■- <:.i w!iir*jri wliKIi I All k k
rrrWw of Ok t»rt- .r out lie rcfrra to llmt Ktiorf dm
(9ah tawl |4l]i oniturMB when tltt u>( on tlirow ojxni Ajin,
•fetoa lur a aurcrxini) or' y»a!» *aa prnKnitad by I bmarka, anil .nl i cnl u i ci-i.
i iinwuirratlTM haiv nirju« ilown to it*, aiui nti;» ti n-^ ilnr en if '»' uaI* wik
rHaU<4»-*l. r". '<■! ■■ - ■ - 1 ■ • • I •■ ■ " ,■■ t, idari ' Tl>< •■•",- UauaJlj falk>w«l by
««aw i waUTmsnm ti* dk» of th* S» of /i
*•> •/ iw« -w.t rooM -- vi. n r,, in, in kiu
fcafaajy .J <■ ' n>li«M is A fltff.
"btrtlrl u> |imt*al thcrouba foll«m*l by tlm« tnuellw* »uccnwt<ly from tai
of tb«: • Thh au Pi ! 1»d > OBBfaL *«iit
«• at rc—ior. t-oift ihr P Chu La 1846- 17. Friar John, tin
*" P*»r»aj«, bowpT*fr tit- ' I ••' •!,. f , tot i: ,it! (1- | •YOHolfurg,*'
■na.DK*."
* " BM ii Utobioa'l * Uwcriptifo 4m Honln *t dm St*fp*« d«t I-.
hurfa- tat Jsaviat, p. •*».:. n inotaelaa Iran ■ Kuaiinn g»ogn|J)lai! vafk o(
tip timr feaa
ib*r* !■ a irpnt, wbtn ttDMB •jxolo of th»m morchinU aa
ntvnln: ^.i/, A« /- ^ on ii Ih *><>• groaul* I aw. it
■ .i . >.i In Cathay,' I htro tiunottai
tViwiWB oT baby fUnnito'i Fanlu rnrrni Hijjl MaJtomoJ, » thofint kvowa to m»
a it j Euro|«aa bock.'"
csUi
Sir Ko»KKiriv I. Murchison'j Address.
1 1 ohangcv, 1 ncooRHirily ntUoh (^rcat weight to tbo opinion 1
havo recently i ' lend General Kfthaextqn from
vrilm in the main > o\ *tM find Modify, it not a good gtognphcr. H«
mnftw. Fau -»ll l. .I! inUi the Gr*U Jfcn, tax
•Afire .J/.-- r tkMM< by St, flf»irp'« CliHintfl »t Cm i ;' »i>d
ji.!<^ fgr n..viy otiv nl"iic tin? •hoi.'* ■ : > th* imprwrtou liut
I ... l \\ i tOl . il wk( in m**. .
<" mme rmu.l ' S*«of Ar«l «Ub tbf
OupUut? Dt thl* M It nty, tfadl ■■no f««nfor«rn' ■' ''"I'm!'* prty
'mi!, a fin D nt.iin <J:-.ys Uki>uj;Ii On- lad rf
llic C .l.lili>, in lyliidi lilt} ("otiml f<* PMjplt, bttl "iv nun md la»C* **R-
Jnanha and lagoon*, wtuch uh tKc I'atvrftm J/xoIioVj of tho ancioDta, and
which pmhaMr w»r» tin. Rt rtfe and norfh-rart of lh# Aral.1
Thi-Y UH0 <iil'T UM In.. I nl ill.- ttd -f/Mi»i, or MuwlmriM, and nuni- iij.cn th* otl*a and
..,;■, t. ' ... .
Fiia* W | >•: liin noiiui* of
f. lie ob id] 1 1 fr«n Lb I I ■ ■ i tt \ g»v» t Cafe
"i II. H< g'n«« ■!■<• Ui» j(i»' i - ■ r ■ ■ r i ■ ton ©I hi* rooto, running duo uul fi-vn
:. uul ■> oiriTiii.- l >r nyht d:.i'» 1:11
lie iwdi"! A. n kavwa to luno Wn In t)i it. If
you protract Ibi* io»u v. mil m Ltt<> d*L-i n : m will bud that U i iilnlf damn
the Ainl.»
** Anntlior tn.Y#lUi. mhfi '.!'■«■ i il"- Court nl Uoomlla In tho aim* no with i^>tn)tnaf»
M it. in, ill I [till ArmentA, I
lha W I uiw the Jala; tut. o* n i*»» viic trim iV\ hu *>uu
Ihi ii" iii -i tJ a Axil, ' 'ii lii' p-'.'iiii In- )w».-0 by Sauiar'iaod iwl
Ui !'ii i bus I'm!*,
11 Utrao 1'oln hiim-Jf uor*r mention* thi» Art!, indoad ; but neither do*« he auuliuii tW
.. ud #p*m* n«rrr tr. hn\ . .it Kiwi pi r. In Ihc prvlirairarr
ii which he »nr*.*:s i. . . fithtr mid Hnd»
D lb 'v"l I" BoUlBUt lie uh: .tiOiUlf of U
Ujv l--l.)rr .-.Lnliii; CMC*
. howovtr, it mi lh« mw u nl <-m tL*
nil .in: il ., - , .,! (In tTirrrhfliift vho lui.l tmrollnt it, I«t tin- Unmiil i
..iu.w.1 uy nuns I
• 'I. .i.i. mh fnwi Aaral, on Ih* Wob/o, to iWnauoo, ot $UAt<\\li. on U»o Ja..
thence m ctind-vjMBMa to "ti rtood oa * tnosk
man* »rabouth'or* of tliV rinr in lb* Ani
N«. I in/ 1.. i/i'iuii. ii (■•* mil^
modem U>wn of Turtuwtnn, awl *o furwi
■ .|..til.if t.n B ■ ..'i,t n... 'I'Iktuiiu tnirWIi
rtvnJ aji J nut acroua tlw bwl W« ftr« toU, BKMfd, tl>at if U»Y h«J no
toaralu I I oplehi aavi froi
I.. .in -M.ii.1,.1 In Oil i It ar« I.; down Ibu .li.ivt main with ntnrr,*! ntM u.1 M*rM
tnen. (t will imfcoil f** ih-. i iircnie north of the 2>a* of Aral. Uoitra
dtinl uic not ki Mi.n^M u liml; ojid
.' wni nudi tlic Piaac na tbn! I ■ -
11..' | pry.
•* T ii- • thai Pi q Poonntentll — ti:., ibnt from Sarsl to Saraicln
1 "SMb VArmtmd
a "&#nif»« n ■ mi on, H 'ii • r.
Fur i FiUt WnUain'i routa mq *Coilii»
Thitli.'.
* " ' ' •■ l ■■" ' r, v-!.i.l EVAo DHBtloni ft* rroM*d br the f*rtJi ■*•
'.'-.'. kamrlj Ju>+u
il to btibfl v, hu • r p '• .i o 'C lb ;.. p I (*.>"
* Ti i.iik Dial Uuuin, went *o for noitli m to cron the Tobol Ixfor*
croaoitig the J
Alia. — Arak-Ctujnan Basin.
( \lin
Scaaottof, tbo Preadent of the rhYmco^eograpbtcal »
of 'Uo Ktttaan Geographical Socioty, who luu dUtingui I
•elf by bin recearche* in tho Thian Shan chain of Central Axi.v
•■eta, like myself, tliu Itjj of tbe great Aral
depioeoiou having boon emptied and refilled iu tho historical
period, h« TrtV.ni iho deiicoatfcin d tho Aftlltfo river* .m.
lacrwwo of glacier* in tho high monntaixiAj
v well as to great eraporation. 15r thceo causes bo think* that
at on* f^iriol tbe A»ul Sea may have bo»i
is firmly of op tat Minh n ili*<ij> dfrprwvaoa oonld not ham
been emptied and refilled. In reference, howorer, to the former
Gtftpuui brnneh <•( the Oxus, in the <<*ietcuco CA Mwee,
be nrprKwafi that many stream*, now dry or nearly so. i<«
lirec i lad AJmaulc— «u fallowed bj Irar I . . | | .',' tod
: m Onjjkei, tnrtlUie; from Smtal to
WM »n**llr tbe It* »o i iy John Jc' Mirltt&lU, on Kit jvurcwy Um*r>b
■ ■ 'mii,i,.|v. Ii< t-jy nothing arLttUvn •>' ■-■tw«a
i'nb of 5«i*i and Almallk.
u I'm n» I am nr»rt, lliai bat* left jny [ft
t -irerp io tba« rrfwn*
tb**. w*m>* •rAjinwWc?, — ■ . t»it w< m* ftta tint ii matt
!■ hm ».i«ir*.i fad uarteaM »'"
Art'' ■ ivdllfl - -ii; -ii..i icroMiubal! i rt»' turaiim am ti»e
lw W Uo &*\* V> wbii-ii Si llmirj- lu* nrfrmri. Thr Catalan UMpdun not, inJwl,
OBtan \r<i! , Lulc»f.tii<i il<i3 it uniiAin a-.r )ur.t of Um JauitA. Tfcc |iiat
bmj. af Ki- no i.. nTvAmtt'or Oiut' M
tiv«>a£ >nl/» tb» Lkto I*** L-k .*lt whirh b, nwtiajM, »d id «TT1 brill ■ iftawlelg* <tf
«*» tlun ihf I'wpi' a
It ««t kltuW *lnl Dip lint llii.il* Uk- Ami lldi
oxvtitiuu-. Vim T'-,r> ii\ti iV dab of i;,* Eta ■ , Mmufc] Io elncn •■ ban
tllwirJ «a to daarif moicatm* the An
Bi»*n, iii >ii» gnat atlat (1853), rcpnoMotiug tit* Jxurte* u flowing intn tlw Ca»jmn,
and & eltirlwif* nf th« win* r .-,. | ,.f thr, flowing hf 1jp.i
DCT Of J0dw,»t»0f I I l.-mPWk
ttlon i>f
'!• t». ind**I, mi tuddittval mo|t vK. i. 1 1 krim f.. t^-er ilrwijjfMtimmiy
to tb* rti.l*«« of IK* Anil 5m In I ■* >• ;miii<<.' ■ I «■
1 to the
og t-i FrwKv, nWiut 13'iA, finli bii Vr ilw dob h llffc of Um
1/ ■ Mm TrcmtMn, C'ohaw or tlf &ni,
to th» pro]MV ferttinn ol 'i, If •> nr.i' *.!!> niolW tn. '
■ Io n •taitllnjr ik^fw* "HfE"**™
•f lat Aul KuiOn'i' itill to tlv '. i third tad wnallcr rm,
vKlia-il a mm-, bfao whkli tiic 0y»n tJon> ti. -■.
ky Biack «lioa on Jn» inflp, wMei) o)iitaii*i i>1nio*t noiMnj cl
/imtlua, Tb« mult.jiJio.1 »>*• way lWr« >|truug coly out of ton* D
■Traphnfi." '
■
ir«l«#Gf«ta l»ffl i^r Kniw*,' t«l u. Th*r» ta a
f%m faoiamiit m* it io Uu tewuA »olu«ir of Vincent ; but m Uib Utter tlie third Ma b
»o.-c»ij to b* rKuftn-eJ."
Bodh
SirltonnucK I. MrnciiisnN's Aifdrm.
augmontnil ilio vulumo of Ihu Oxiw, thiiK enabling iL to tfiipply
a brauch to tho Coppian by the Gulf of Karabogaa, and that to
*!im r, luro of this *npply wo may attribute the drying Tip of tho
brnnoli. without involving any gnat phyaicul change of outliuo
of this land. In this <*«: tbo Aral Sea, MO&pjbg ft *op*rat*
Cavity hoi. OOBBS Kkj ng with tho liMM doprowuon. would, aa bo
think*, heocunn shallower, and to n groat nxtimt obscured I v n
no i» to have jciuaiued unkuovru to travellers for &t ' ■ \ <
anil i I v r • .i!|. i riirict. \1. S< i"i :i >l U<:£i.iJ»Uj that til tho*0 daYA
when tbo South-western branch of the* i"ixu« exist. -d, tnvrll. r* pro-
ueediug northward* ;uid meeting with Utile l'ut, reeds am; DO I)
ui hi 1*4 iv wi.ll hiiiijHMft that tin- Ami was merely un cxton: i
tho great Bay of K&rabogu of tho CttpfitB Soa. In iliu<
thitt view he iiifurnis uiu thai tho iuliahitautis mound tho lakes Ala
Kul tad Stesyfc Ki:l liii' day no |>rcoi8ocono<'!>i i>'n of their
separation, and terra thorn both Ala Kid simply, boeau»o ih*y aro
l ■iKiintnl with Out miirMhy and iimriTHMhltj intluime U ■:
them. In Centra] Adt, too, the dxvm Tdm, through its d«io-
cation, boa lost it* former communication with tho Lake Isayt
jiikI ;i- in th« -Xr-.iliiJ ':!-.].!. in n->S'»U thfl S:iry--n Kiv. i 1 1 i - l':iil.-il f..
retch the Byi DtrJt; tnd tbl* bet rirer, hariri; umih. u
affluent*, could no longer oentributo (if ovor it did) by any of it*
branches to the Mcus, and iuia found nn easier eBLbouohoM in tho
Aral !l< w ettOj (hvbv uhaugesof ftireotfoo ajfl I tffisoled in thecourau
of river* in ti.it mil j ... i:. \vr.\\
geognipher* who have explored Central Asia.
Tii'j.H, tin' OnUi deprived of mtny of ltd farmer tfltu utt, ceased
t.u i« ii I : to rin"' 'V.' Jim;, portion of fa s i>* n i"1" ill" I'tsptta, i od
took 1ho straight course into tho Ami. Thin natural opentiOBftt
Srrinoi.it' obtflTV^fl, uiAy have alhO I'H'i'it iii'mmjiliKhi'd wiiliin tho hi*-
tuiiril | : iJ.id, amlp,o,fiinceiUSiMii]i-\M-.1|r.ii in < '.i>| [to brand) dried
up, the Oxus, by throwing all, instead of a part, of its v \
tho .\i:ti. ba ghnto to tfett lei i betier-mtrked place in human
knowledge than it hnd in the foQXteODtb .mil fifteenth cruturieH.
Befon I <put the (subject of tho now dciuecatrd former branch
of Qm Ohm, I rnAy Mat*, on tho mthority of my oorrot-pon
Quueral llolmerN.n, that rrcnuls ft JUUQoIt Wtfl Drtt ■ ID td
Imperial Geographical Society of St. Poterbburg, euggorting that
men of bo it-nee hhould bo tent to tho spot to examine bat
•ridenoea of that todeoi 1h«(1 of the rivor, nnrl aIao tn
ooundinga along tho ahoro of tho Campion, if any iciuaios of 1"
Asia. — A< 'iasin.
oxlr
folta of that etroam oould Ia? detected. Dut the project, tut
well ot) the c«:aitii.u.ii u of the Mirv- v and Bounding* of too
southorn *dgc« of thii i .. both bow - upendi >l, I ik'Hovo
frum D i ins. Tin- Iitu i it work wa* Bl
the able direction of Captain* Ivanohnizow and Oul-ky, who Lai
already proceeded so far that in lu*a than three year* th»y would
baro comjiU-t-'d \\w survny of the win v>- fa b rJor 4**;
and it in indeed much to be regretted that a work I n | great
geographktl interest ihonld liavoboan thus **t :<
■ my b In f la: — 1. That thn Caspian and Aral haTG
existed aa separate »ea» befon and aura gm\ too hiatoric pi
2. That the main course of the Hirers Jasartca and Oxiw. ns alio of
:taa of the Caspian -.-aa, w«rn determined in a y
toric period. M. Tltut .ii pin: timo the Oxu* omptinl itself botl
\\a\ ion and the Aral, and thai tho Caapiun branch- tftrv am wua
*eni hack htm of the other po
of noma land* batwoan Khiva and tho Caapian, or by
desiccation and a want of sufficient power of water. And. lastly,
that tho Jaxrn waadofiooted from iia natural east to west
COOTS*, To paw eoiuhnardn, and iO mnrh the. fjupirtn hy thn
auullscra end of ti*e grtaat elevation of tho Uat-l'rt, after a very
long course at right angle* to ite pre o say DOi
ng fa that oaaa neea*aarjly untbad with tho Ozbm by tho
way— a fact, of which, an already suited, all history is silent.
If old author* believed, without perm*] oUservaticti, that tlic
-bxjirtc-f, as well as tho Oxu*, foU rndspattdanfly Into what thoy
wi may cuaily account for arti-h a notion, at a
taoo wh*:i raeridinn of barbarous place* King to the north
of any line of iiiturooureo between Grates or Homy and \>>
snVolrj I Cay wan ■'. inn i that the at i
geographers believed that the Jaxartes. oa well as the Oxus, (lowed
into "tit, simply, aa Suggested by Jtonnoll, from having
beard that the. Jax 1 in one great sea, and that they
i *llj believed tliat the Aral wna then simply tho uorih-custcru
portion of th<« ton of which they had heard, baft
I :iieh thoy knuv u-jlhin^ accurately.
In truth, when we know thul the geography of thn Greeks, and
of the Roman*, wo* worth low, in regard to any land* bayond
the parallel of tho mouth, of tho Oxus, wo necenarily recur to tho
works of tho earliest Arabian gcugrnphti-. in la Son -lKhwa-
mua wae finM exhibited aa a separate sea. As such it alto appears in
K
pxlvi
Sir B I. Mencmaos'i Ad
i Rj i.i,. ii, ■ ft ill iiQM, ad \ ii- y •!. in - b '. of «ll tlio
boit ftlltHoHtii ■ ii U wl if) i I I )' -in v« to Ii.i ■• ■ I ■crii tIip
true \i\.\ M- ■ -ii of too icgion during .ill biaicaioaJ time, and
win. Ii I B I' IU 411 HlltO lllbt'THtil l> ll.'l
In . >•: . ii.:i; Ell ■' 1 i |:tr - lit nr fllMlW H'l.il AT ii n | » i! 1 ;Hi.T . t l)li< Olllfl
.ii i' I .i.imiiii-s^ li i • "i - ommanua] tnffio witbt Shim ntd India, I
no hesitation in raying that i nvcr hoUfl tho tiiat place.
i m to il'" memoir of I. mm. Wood, in the b
out Journal*, describing tnd atllJ 1* M
inapocting the map of tin Bolox Mountains and Upper Sources od
■ -.T-'.i hi -.in |»i ■■■ :ii M>hini( ( to] Stf)i I ugreo
wiili tlio ihlfl Biunn gi gmpbtn ". mho, aiW alluding to
tho wild barbarian race© which occupy tho high tableland of 1'amii
JJMCt'iii mounl ii tint tSgnifiOKDt parage: " M
WO, ni(ii-«*..vrr. n inciiilici rliiit. this bi-in | f (fat (OATCM of the Oxiw [|
closed in on the north, eant, aiid south by mountain* l"i 'in tft,000 to
high, ftQd MMflftWhiOB 1uc mud* for pauk-anitual.
fow mi •i*x*no, wo in at tin? i that
all nii-.'i of ivinvi hi : ■ i ragtaa Into a •■ h i ntropftt fe
.in. in Od I liiiiH luufel Ik
B Eon I quit the fubjcot or tho investigation of Central Asia, lot
obo 4»k thoee of my oouiiTruni ii vho Mftd Pffirtw with ru-ility, to
ptTOK • ul» "l Uiltt'i, ilm ' KkUhikIu VOn Aaieti :' and
they will at onoe learn how to value ml of modern
ii i» due to our HniwiuTi ootumporu
On former occasion* I Iuim nutui :lnd In Ncvond of the**
roiwukablo research©* ; but. 1 nynt that, in my Iiu-t two Addrrase*,
1 hove omitted to notice, as 1 now do wnli 1 1 1 afijfe] ftpptofatfltasi the
oti of M. Sfiii. nrif pnJnliifad in otu 1 VuIhiih*. mi
* Djm ; i-i U) wd ii.i ''■■!( siittl ^Iniii, i;. Inn.' Aa tlic only man of mo-
dern time* who has explored a comidcruMo portiou of tho Thian
Mi;m or » [fan go, M. Setnenof mint be placed among tin
nt •■! ili>i i !:■- famous lui.il i»f Uunsdao explorers— not
■imply for having determined many geographical potations, the
-I tho laud and thoir ill itudo, but also lor his car*ful ax-
■ : i« -ii "i" i in- in nit j.il cbmoto "f tli© rooks which ooutitQl
it mndsc© of tlioao regionn. In so doing, he boo act asido one of
Um -w orrom which tho iUtUtrioni IlurnboJdt fell into m hia grand
when tin ww \^\ in ballern thai liw i hhurt flham ■■
' Journal,' vol. ju>i. p. BOS.
Aiia.—BuMtan Inwttigativnt.
aslrii
tbo grant axial runjrn of (VntTJil A*ia— mmt bo mffntjafy on od
vulcanic erupt ton,
Inllccncod, doubtless, by hi* suocctwful description of the AftdM
of South Aiucnci, iuhI tfc« rlfta to thoir *unimiu of active volcanoes,
(be grv*t Ti imIIi r was v**ry ni Uftllj dfcpMsil to ftpplj the «uiq
inference to Ihc lofty chain* of llcntrnl A*ia ; the more mo m till I
imperfect data ho oould ooUtiot seamed to indicate the existence of
neks of i hat rlvM,
But as toon aa the Thiun-Shan was examined by the only man of
soieoce in oar ag» whu luw vimtod it, li> foa&d BOlklng bat eedtaea-
ury Ktmra: anil an this ODportent raottftottifla indue to fid Soman '
*i-jtic, wviuunt nut only aaxMtl to him all due prai*:n»A (icograpli-n.
bat it is RpocdeUy my duty aa a Geologic! to thank bita for muUn^
this great obsarntioa.
In C«. U the grand movements of upheaval, which determined the
form of many • t : p ! :;Uuih, D beffcit fin I • ntnJ Ul
grant northern burrior of India, tho nimaluya*, woro «
rioer t*x|iuiksiuiih fruiu Un» interior, doulitlttti due lo central
beat, which raised up oea-bottuuia. it u ..'i. iiu^ tin yttal-
lued roots, and elevating thorn to enormous altitude*, without
ling any trim igneous rooks.
String already twice alluded to tho rtscctit discoveries in Aaia
n 1(ujb> sons, and wo having endeavoured to do honour to thorn by
the awurd of out Founder*! "\I ■ i • 1 to ono of UtoSMal dUnn^uished
powiati oxjilui ;,-. it i- now pay pleasing <I la] bo telnet bo Othoa
*f their recent labours in that quarter of the globe.
i.r oooasIoDi ii t. upon tho axplomdooi of
kT» Siberia and Ells' n<ftllMnt* uf the gcujd Krai Amur mid tho
itoine to the north. Lot u* now turn to Control Aaiu pjqptf,
>;ftt good document* have been furnished by lhadlff
xxen of science vim ]i«vn ^plun-d thuMj I £athvi fivm
the bulletins of the Imperial QcoKmphii .-1 tii.it the com-
itinnn of MM BttUMiof, Si vortznE, Folttruxky, Abrainof,
ikii, Gofonbtf, and Printx, explain Uw physical ooaftnu
>f tract* and tho nutural riches of rcgiona never before reached in
Ioiti time*,
t.M* i . tate blthertO OnkDOWn and wild fcnatl 8*1 Ruwuau
I »* riii it xuajw. To £iailitato
ayi from Siberia to Teton, Dr. Urcttschneidor, liio plqvUriiB
i -: ii mLauon in China, ha** kid dWH '[»'" a map all
the different known road* tcrOM ^l1 ugolw, uf ivbich that which
\ri
■\lvjii Sir Roderick L MOBOHflKMJr** AJdrcu.
in ciOlod tho post road i« 1 7*X* vents long, between Kinuhta and
l'rkin. wiili t)S ittluve. Jl* tli»- telegraph, which one of nn
nun, Mr. ' viio \\x<\ unveiled acrotw tlii^ desert, fought to
realize, be MtoMlthod, the j'-'irtiey across the desert of Gobi
mmiii itn thought nothing o£
As to Jlokhar*, of which EngliftLmnn have only (minful noootta
tions,on account of the mnrdvr of our distinguished officer'
.!...!n:in. w. ii-.u koon th;*! two II Gfoakovely
iini] 'l'ttiii ii. of, \\\vi wcii fui |Df4B QOOnthl .1':'' r ■ tli'-r*. UTB
added much knowledge to that nciuirod by their accomplished
oom ti > iii'T- ShukEkofl ud Lehnu&n la 1643
Those of our associate* whi' ju.iv BO* fWl 91 P I QUI burg may
■eo pictorial views of Khodjend, Tashkomi, and all tho place**
UkeO from (he KukAndlan* in tho r006Ql "l'.:inr of the IIiiwiifcTW
along the BjnT PuriA, und xw* fonting parte of tlio great now
prormoe of Tnrkottan. I learn also, in reference to thin region, 80
reoenfly opened out to the civilixod world, that M. Strove, tho son
of tho greet Ruon&n aetronoxnor, dm proporod u map of the wholo
province Of TtzribBobUI, OX u Male Of 40 vorst# to the inch.
Deeply loWatted :w wo mu*t nil be >" thia grand oponing out
to geographer* of u vial onknown country, my Unit lequeat to
my eminent friend Admiral Count Liitke ruuat be, that uh P
dent •<! Khe tmperioJ (ioographieal 0OOi<'ty •""! aUo • I thO Imperial
Ar:u!.-]ny, ho will procure fur our Sooio.ty mpios ■ : the rnapN
whirl, i„ thou great credit, the ftuesuiu geographer* havn
pp ] end*
Northern Ftmtvr* «f Rritiih Fntfta.—At our hut anniversary it wa»
my duty lo dwell upon the groat ocoobbiou to geogiuphii-nl know-
ledge obtained by tho . u:-... ,i Captain Montgomotk En the
in- .'inf-ftini-iiw region north of Cuahzuir and tho Hi V>pvr. I
l, ii nun' to n mind >'"ii of fin' highly interesting Jonmej
Mi. Wi II. JohfiOOB, from Lob. in Ludakh, to Qchi, m (1
Turkeetaii, a city which had not bono reached ha this century by
any European siuim the d*>H «if UjtfOO Polo U id tho Medieval
traveller*, except by Adolf Seblapntweit. who was killed. Th r>
town lies further northward I (mint reuchod by his br<
when they travnr>ccl (to Km-n I. mi.
IB clear and eloquent manner ts irltfi fa QJl gnol feat on tho
prnt of on Imlian engineer, brought up uodev B I ' mgh,
WU laid boforc Ihc S« •" <v Oj 8b Honry BAwlSnam, Tenders all
OOmtDenl OH n» pant nparflODUO. For ho nut only delineated tlio
Asia.—Il- iti—Titxt.
|itlt y.Mi iv,iii|»li-lrl\ In'.. ;
of all th< s to thin vaat and little-known
mates osed in old til fli' . ami
* happened that Qcbl one* agraal umi <m tba hfgl)
between It wu . na, had ber.n left aside on account of the more
fcrwiraol- Vark.ind. Although 1 bm alvrajt diwwuragod
tg of our .iwn nmmtiy in n»fnr<\neo
to thorn; of olhai nation*, I entirely itfa tKo observation
I f< II from Sir Henry lUwliruon. that both the Et0ttkat4Dd
atag k)v wiii ii u gnat IttttfnudlaU
i; ;.i (lit- i-Iiii-r cilic* yf each. '" ■ ithoi nation
might lire together in perfect amitv.
-1 thing* shall )m -I, 001 geogTft]
wirtald nu lrmgrr U- waiidvn-m r:iltl;ily Milium t.i .ir.iiuiro
. but would bo ftimociat 1 with Roaaian topographen la
Od «id« tract**, whii-h, thuiigh D
lob*-' m l:ir !■. S.rt t« > lx- ( ll'jOCtB Clf SSUIbH
m«:. bor.
'i'h products of thin region arc, no doubt, 08 numorott*
| : I . - ri " \ U:iwl ii i m t, i i • IMC] 1 1 fid II ii Mil !■ - I «•, parti*
.mtl jmli', inn] tin- I'lK-niiix up of a fresh trade might
ighly bcnclioiul to ouraeWc* nu d to Kustia, DOW 1hai tiu < Immi a
b has been entirely act **id*.
. Tba kdxyoj of Lako Pangkong in Tibet* bj ttinl ii.telli-
rctit Jtrul b e plexor, Captain Godwin Austen, in another fact
OCaMOfcad IliT.T.'vl m III' 1. I.lu :ili..li -1 III •!>. ImiiH f., 'hr ii- >:•)) -t
I- rn df Britiah India. P rum Left) DTOl lln GbtBg
La PiM, 17,470 feet above the boo, thi* tmv. Oar, lib Dfc TbOBO QB
is oJ toivd the mo»t enormous oecn-
ra-iU'inM nf iltfbrin which had hot n iwopt down fium tin? Suuwy
Mountain*, occasionally barring up the aticomi. He i >U* wi il flu-
great lake to within a abort ditrtanr<' >i Vi.K, :* i'ii.t:u. town of the
province of Rudok, Although the Lain I'ungknng hun now kq
altiludv of 13, I the wn-lnvrl. Captain Axub D ibMreAj
"ora trace* of remain* of shells at .m.iiI uu.I. :iltihi<l.-i .
mutt onoo havn Mood at a ranch highor bVfeL
■a- i:re fresh and the rount.rycuven.il
with rich vegetation; but now ll • watat* of till !■•■■' ■'"' mm-Ii
too colt \k> nourish any mollutOOtll Ifid »t« banloi aro
atitirrly daatltn on.
fvt a 2%: ''.-At une of our evening ineefuiyn in
cl Sir Kodrrick I. M©hchwox,# .ddjrm.
Jajraiyavftttualepepertp the BbsunnMeQeorgi Quni iitil.a.iiidgp
of tin- nrw m "1 Siipinin: i ' "ii if ■ t" . I ■ j • 1 . - .it mi for tho Bengal
I'rovinccn, wan r<od nnd ditcuowxL Thoflubjoct wne an onquin Into
the mewl <witiih1i' till for u new capital for our Indian empire flirm
I prett) m i i! • i Encnt in tin* condemnation of the pTe-
■oat metropolis. Had it been poetrfblo to foresee the present M
of our dominion, it is almost certain that Calcutta would "'-.! h.-u-o
boem OUT Qhof06 1 1 i- etatfed nt .i ■■ unn of <hii d • r i ■ 1 1 "t i ■ 1 1 . nil tbo
valuable north .ns of it lying north, south, and wunt of it,
sometimes at distances ••(' I""" or I.Vui mile*. It li<
of a groat river, almost on tho Tropic Thn rvKtilt of rl i>
looUil I Ltlfl ■ ■lini.iUi is iinauitrd to the constitutions of the
USD! uf a cold fttnl lorn]"' -n, "fi- »liird part of the year
OqIj being • 'Mi/nnlil, while the remainder Ih di\ \'.«en gw«t
boat iiitd 3lOUgW and great hnat and luniMurc In suuh a
climate Europeans cannot labour out-of-doors without imminent
peri] to health, and the ooogetToottoe i* that
f'nMii thi QoTOrHDJ <iinci.il ihiwrtward*, abandon Calcutta
en, E i two thirds of the year. Still, on the port of tho
v GeilgM, Calcutta ih Iruly a u AllJi >ngh el
.i vdlago, it waa tho soat. of our commercial factory; and Bengal,
to which it belong*, was our fir»t profitable acquisition— that. W
sitnui, in-1. I in il >.| h.'l 'I di to make and main-
tain future territories
Th<- deeirebiQ points to bo held In i low So the m ta Lion of a second
I for ludu&ro, that tho locality fchould bo central, thai ihfl
clhnatr should be so temperate thai the nMng ola** ihouM be
aide to IuIhuii effectively without detriment to health, end thai the
loeaHfg? should l» mtui- fmrn Su dangers of foreign and domestic
n, There are, nod-- r qaeHtieJ wl.n h H wool
I niont to combine with the**, hot which are probably DO*
iblOk It WOU..1. I i example, be desirable that the <-.-..
• houid be iftaafted ta e fertile and produotWi I
anefaSnfog a large population, bat ndfa a position could only ).*•
1 in tin: low and hot valleys of the .-.n «1 iiv:r*. It •
porhapn ho dc- thai tho eoat 0( 'Id, at tho
same time, be a great ooflRneroftal empoiion but this advantogo
cannot be comhim d with (be nunc i i*- li> ]■■ m-lI -!•■ m iiuisito of I
peratr climate, since all th- o< ^ 1 1 >le commercial emporin of India aro
tropical, and on tho son- lo vol. [t would be desirable Kb
mtnt of India should bsVTO the besefil "f a public opinion at it*
Asia, — JVrtP Indian Capital— Indus JJelta.
clt
6oM BW «otin to bo indtKpcmable. for witli thu
i arhi Ii nlsti iti qui tin* at I wbiob li«* In*
tended ©rca to India, the public «|>ii i m . I ;-i. ..i jitoviacaaJ I
■aay be aa «ff*c*ir« at that of any capital.
u oentrali'v of poaiti >f hlium iiavi-
if railway, and ii» ■' !< -graph, becoroo <-f far lea* faapoB
ttiic* than it <inoe woe. Tbo wmo di*coYoric* have cvmtributcd to
diriiinUh £r*Atly the H»V* of <Ii»ru in <Ung*r
from a in. mj emi m I-; 'iiti.il protoetton i> ti"i local ,"1
nsoti md, and the pro eminence of Kngland'n navy.
Tlit oat tbo aoSghbwphoofl oft) J
called NiuhuIc us thii tm»r Miii.iliV -jit fin i Q0n capital ol India.
Nooniok ie an inoonsidcrablo Mahratt* town, and a famous place or
ligrimK^". It ha* .
Bombay, a.nd un tbn limt iifinii' !•: railways; but than
tvro degrcee within the 'J: ipio, uad boi ->""• foal above the aoa>
tovl, m> that ita summer heat ouuuot but be very considerable.
KaMf^k did not wvc*ivrt tli*» gmmrol approval of the able and I
ptTicnced Indian officers4 wbo li-cuaaod theqticntiuii at our meeting
8nm of tl ■ ipoakora evprctucd a favourable 0]
pVvrry Hills :« 1 OOVaxi ID oJAfl of WW BQaara
male*, aril al Rudy the K ttd tvluon coutai ua
»•*«».. i\, wbiob rk»o from 5000 to 7000 feet above
th# aca-levd, wn)i . ri'itiu'Tinii of Umperatwn ,-. £ to thaw
ind ti- c anlikutin ul iimli'nf an Kn^lial 1 i.UIiough
ryfcop 1 9th and 1 !th degreo* of latitude.
XMfco 4/ ' oiirav of tlia wwion.ap!.;
::i[0i\ of the- I.ownr Imliifi, wa»
okne] Ti ro. It gave two to a spirited Mm I
. n 11 diapOtad qneation of ■ nu'ii:. 1 ii:i-_- . hm :i- n>MM'i.i,r i~
aot ■ branch of gcryrmphy, wo. nrmrdinj,;
practice, offered lo opinum uf our own. Exclturva of ull theory,
I Colonel 'J'rviiKHli':«,:-e'aconami»lioati«.'n, which
'os in ft d to tho aea, BVti mile* ul n .:..,., , ,-, .him- nl"
i. inrid'Mitally, tlin li.nlmiir of XoIMIuM tfa« Oil)]
iwTi'. once to the In dux i 1 I mqaaotioxiabl* hnportw
l >■• with it* harbour, Kurroeboo, It 1 1 rvc. i« to
Western India what x I ■• I in nd CaJenttt are tO'Eactasn Io4n.
■
il Kflluoe I'vrty %u<X oiKeri, *m * Trv
e^iliig*,' tuL xi. p. 74.
clii
S I s AJdrv*.
b i .1)1. tin- lnduo and itn affluent*, pnaaing an they do through
eompnrutivo>ly itarilo Hid undcr-peopled region, an? of far Uw Taint
(hail the Gungua with iU aQlticnf*. Ifhivli v. .t I --:
tho in ii , i.ii'l |>M|iiiUm» pari* of India; yot it has
it* special advantage- I • • •,<■!< «•( Umlr n ii-. navigable wurw i«
; il IflOU] iiiIiiim". liitnlirt at 1 1 1 »■ mi!;. aOAItii fi-iiii
whi.li i>ui Indian ill luiiii'i!! nil be a.v.ul L while it is tho great
«y <0 tlK- jiii*hii.|.. |»>inl- QJ itli.k 'i I «. DOtf if Ku'rurlint
.11 nliir ;iil\ '..-f lli.it. nf I'iiIiuIIji. Till' llliv!;
dUBanlftUi incurred in reaching it from tho open sou extend
* llili Ml llii< I'm •' ,| Til'll 1;i IIk-V tltl 'i!< <■■•. i
i. Mi iii-suioR, ilio advantage of being from 2000 i" B000
ntttfl Disnr to Kn>;land — the tru« e*uiirco i>f inn In li.ni wealth ami
power — than CaluuMn. kurrncbo© xrtut, liln Cdloutta, * •■" ■•■
I pruaoasion of it only '24 yaara ago. It In now a
ilriablc, well-built (' i'. i"i i> importance uk a l\.iuui<
emporium may be jadg ■ ! I ) tib foil "m; runplo foot. It& j
1 tmd« in 1M4 was of ths vnl f I -"-M i'.m/., «nd
OQ lii u m at-* rnding with I860, it amounted to
[ttdtpMdial Of tin poHtiotl and eommnrcial advantage* of tho
Indus, with its ii iH.ua. it m not to be ftagpttan tli.it Sn
tho only port dinting on the wet-l- I In. lm. with the oxoap-
hmi mi ni I Him hay. India, moaning by tin- itAO proper
'Miniiy .t ili. Hindus, ir*. for a great, populous, and wealthy n
singularly deficient in good harbours. On it* ejut* ; i -nl« it ban
:i'. . :i( .III- hr.i.l i.f till' 1'iLV .1 I '.< Ilgal, WllOrO WO
find I'ali'uttn. made toll -ruhly ^ifi*. • >nl v hy dint of great »lrill and
heaoy coal. It is north n i ^ingraphicel boiwh-. El
ii| )" .it. io:i:,i „f ilio aamc gulf fornix in fchil Pi p ■ ' » *inguhu
contra* t, for hoie w« have no fewer than four gt-od end Reft harlM>urn.
TkagraU, Rangoon. Martian, uid 'i ij'iii. the three liiKt U-ingalao
tho ombonoburcB of navigable riv«r8. If we include Penan;*, whirh
in on th* eaina ooa*t, wa havo in.' harbours, wbilo largo and
populous Hinduxtan him run (in* ,■...
KnrriiUttn, — In tho notmtainotal DBgion ininicJiatoly to the n< :H
of thi- | i mi' ..! M.-i . rtn-l rudtiiid *ln- 0U1 'i-ca of tho Ti((ri«
nnd Ktiptirate*, nur ron«il at DUrfaekr, Mr. I. K. Taylor. hak
doing g'^od work of )>. <l mid
•olOgSOel knowlodfCC. In A BUttOT MMaioO Of OW Sorioty, Mr.
Taylor •Hiinmunicatod to n»* Uie re»oit« of hi* xocearchoa during tho
Africa.— Egypt — GrM Pyramid.
•lui
be explored tlio ue*tem Lvad of the Tigria,
verify ios the description wf Stmho, and discovering near it. * record
of an iuva»io» of i of the Assyrian p
.» ')•<* m < in- if iifs l.tlxmrft. After a abort visit to
IfaglaDtl, this pcrst-vering explorer h&; OOntkw d tit* r\m<aroho* in
i in Kan 8b B vqrt or T.yrn* of the aaoloBfte. Tie
ha* li linn briisf fir-- liminiuy account of ibis lnat joui
tai he baa traced this riTei to ita *onrc«* and discovered
tbe aito ot - M'-opiliK \ in' detailed account of these
iscploratiu: box with n tuap of hU ruutew over districts never
■ I >iropo*n in modern time*, is promised kg
Mr. Taylor, and will d<»' do the sntgeol <■!" dinniMiion at ono
otir evening meeting! early in tfa DAXl acsMon.
rer. — 7%* Gnat Pyramid.— Among recent pnbticfttiont, I must
not onll r<. botfoe Professor I Work at
Pyramid.1 if our Gfrrexnment of Into years hsjp ■esmsil
loo ©ilea ohargcul'lc with i ml ill- ■h-n> ■■ t«- iln: i n •unit ion nf
research in foreign regienn, and oven in it* own dominionn, these
idy '" : 't tftoa .mil tnean*
RDCl ii- Slid as ii i;- In lln liWwiu.. ifWiuit of
ono Englishman (Ooloncl Howard \y.no 'hot Kuropc owe* all tho
sv<*t important discoveries regarding tho general stnn in • <>i' -|w>
xi now tc » the Ei "f another we
owe the moat minute and MMeutificnUy accurate measurement of its
details that ha* ever been executed.
Return hi* visit u» Egypt, iVnfraaor Smyth had Iwomn an
enthusiastic advocate of the late Jnlm Xejlgs/i theory of the
Pyramid as a greut metrologia record ; nnd it ww hi* desire
to test and develop by more aecurat* mennimmnnU
(hsl osaried him to I'Di'i- Ilia Btej tbi a bu oiusblea him
1 »dnoc a book of fcreax interest, both in the narrntivn .1 big
Operation* and in their result! • nnd ita conn. m<>n throughout with
metrology. i:i il» iii<»-' rmnpiihi'iihivo MB40 of the word, rcudern
it a St work for the consideration of the Geographical Society,
Some of the measurement; wove [K-rfonucd under remarltAbln advan-
tage*, for Ptofeasci Smytli had 'lit* good fnrtnna tn son tho whole
fcoflti '!'i!." oekete of tho Greet Vy re mid. as originally exca-
vated in tho living rock, nn ■■.■■ lonely lur tin
•ocurd. Yet the important meftain.-iii'-iir U-Iwimmi tbcNu
^orrly obMi tel id by tho mowiea of ^lbbi^,l>
riiv
Rir Itoi L 3It;KCiri50N'j A
s in »iin.l \Ur pymaldi tho removal of which in too costly for pnvi
noun. IV^fowjor Bmytfa hhows dearly that the Oreat. Pyran
emtoIj fehftgntftttlof aoltMi but eland* nfvri' in iti i :• uoiftioui
BDd 00n b » rive arrangements. Ilo ■hovrn thut thou
passages van mj oarvfuiiy mm led, Eta detaili of thaii sJalamnB
atraotan olaafl to tbi aotioipatiorj of fatara duolovn i
vrbQflt matin hklloaiinc the w.*y Ui *uch diseloMiro b
ducovored by I'rofcasor Smyth in tho munonry of tho first descend-
ing fiwange. Be hu :■ i ' f»: towards establishing beyond doobt
tho foot — which many »till rejoct — thut the pyramid wan originally
eased with Maooth Kokattan IfaoeatoBi OOt grim to, as notno have
MtA'oii j. Rls iiwhhui mmnlH AomuotLntfi that the pyramid fo(of
i hss been) a true nymmetrioal figure on a square Dam, tho
■ i d "! wUob deviate* from tho truth i
than .*> in inn ton at most, whilst thoir mutual diiv'miUm doe* not exceed
■ ocmd* They prove that the? altitude of the pyramid is
pcrimotor of ItA base in i\w nlm of the nidina to the circumference
of a oirelo ; that tho numhor •>( tubltl la tbo L«TJgtb Of da) hnt*
.-• laboltsaa to a fraction tbfl length of it"- solar ynar; tliat tlw
. abioaJ <>]■<• U !<•«■«. i oou *e 1 1 Mm.
i raw tho in) ol of the granite coffor whiah
stand* within it; whiUf. Hi lor Oapaojtj of flu oofl
bit its interior content*. Those ore only a veTy few
■ample* ed Eba raaalti i>i iin« measurementa la whiofa EVo6b*soc
Bmjtfc DOBBalaaa that ho finds tha record* of a roatrologk -;-t bj
of tba most Kucmtifio kind, of a standard of Kosgtb baaod on
f the earth's serai axis of rotation . of hUndst.ln
of weight and capacity based on bo* (:ui!i. ,. n .1-uMty and on
tho praoeai urd of length , <»f time sfundard* in the l>
B year nnd the record of tho Sahbutio week; nay of a
ataadard of thorraomotrical nnd a scale of angular rnoaanronwnt.
Homo of Professor SinyilT normliiding ajsacubatioDs and d
•ro, doubtless, a little O and the least i
retulu on* aalimildlm Bat *hatew may be thought of the
startling port* of tho book, %* a whols it i* tKfl raoord of a grvat
Dndertaaang ■aantiiH.'illj ■ >.< n:< 1 m.1 ;t will doubtless pa
Ion &mong antiquaries aw} astronomers as well as
gexsrraphsrs.
South AsireicA.— Tn cay Address for lust yrnr I fully discussed.
with the yaIuiI i. , ,i ,| .sir V/^odbtn ^.<<gr«|>luc*l
Scvtfi Aw rim. — Thtt Putus.
question* wIip;1i WWB <">]-... 1 1>\ lli. . l,<i riv./r I'
mllt-m. That iiK<«t nconrato obwrror aaoertaincd ho van d
a doubt that the* main brand) of tliegreat ttuwtu. which he aaccnded
nearly to ite source, did not extend to tl< I > anfOna rongce of Peru.
.1 .-I til. I'V.nni! , t tlm Mco&d voyage of
■md of hi* explon."
affluent iln* Aquiry, which \v: undertook in the Hnuiiiti of 1ft
!k difficulty 10 uniipLliti-^ l.hi: A |iiiiy I'm 'In
. oven nt the lowest at ago of water, and considered it to bo
perfectly navigable for isleainera up to the parallel of 1 l*n, 11
up it becuno wirier an*! '■■■ -. .iini (.!:< <;anoo wftA fi.-i.il*
network nf ttnmoWd timber. AIM navigation bocamo ira-
k, Mr. Chanillaan 'i wmc river belonging To
ti,.' Itadre de Dioa ayaiem. flowL I on Am faukft. ETfl forced
>l>lo dutnnco through ajuoel hap ' (ruble
1 at the and of a week, wBfl obliged to rt-tum for want of
ii us.
: iiwtive prooeaa wWnfi
, th» question whether tho *tT» fi n
ii i [)f I in i and Ciu-jiviiVii format! tin* river I'mus, OttX
Peruvian Honorary OorrMrponding U Don Antonio B
w*a rurniohing «' with mformatii n m t-> tbexr tmo courao. It
appoara, f I oepondeaitfi narr.ifivo, that. ti.
IVrmim eaph jit Own r'auatinu Malduuudu oouatiuctcil a c*um m
Kebruary, 1SC1, ojiv! embarked on Lh< Uadn . wvex
eon*] to woadrownod in poking a rapid, lm hi-* Miiviriug
enmradra continued the voyage, entered the great river Midair*
abd eventually reached Manaoa on the Amazon, at tho raon
Ki-> \.-i.>. A- tlm i- .i i tin' ..nly Large tiv-r vr&iOA ftowl
inln tl i i mi it* left bunk, it would ajTpeer Unit the rl
Madr- L Dioe and Ynaaiba ii Bowing Erom the Cardillnru uf
Oosoo end (.'arnviiya, and which wore no long •uppoaod to b< fcni
a* itf the I'nrua, ere in reality tributaries of th*t Beni.
fUimoudy'a own Valuable labours have CO&prffed a oneful
•lamination <-f two tributaries oJ ...N.l.uri, in tho nxoti
of Cararaya; but it ia his intention to 'continue tho exploration of
thia interoting aud very important region iu future year*.
Ii ii with gn nt -.1 : fn u ti thai I hai
talian M * i 1 Steamer, of that moat indefatigable and
vi- n - i i;- I-* Mr. Chainllttaa. to tLeaoo&oof bisibnoor
iabouia and Uiuniphs. It is hia intciuion, on ihie occasion, to
cki
Sir Roderick I. Mouchisox'.* dddrm*
■\ the rivers Madi ii-a and l'.< t.i. mid tlnirt at lrmgtli to rrarh
utoM lUouua Bowing -down UtofbniBtalftd ilopoc of ;i"' glorioiu
Ka*1<ou Arnica, winch be had previously naught in vniri r.t
hond-wntprn of th*» 1 infix nod \.jui lull limie with mocfa
intorcet to the result* of our MedalliiO.'' Fi i In ■ « "lis.
Whflfl on the nnbjoot of ?>outri America, 1 nmy rnei.
tin* »t Ton ■ if m dC flu- ]»i.<n'iit in. •'.-. i Li- and enlightened rulor of
Porn, Colonel Don Rfurieno rgnni i i Predi , bu boon turned to tho
Opening up of tho greet fluvial high warn between
1061 ii the And** and the muin «tream of tb I DMft o>. l liiofly
by way (if t)io I'^clnit a, a river wfalon our Uentenani mow Adn
ShimIi i'ip]i-,hi in..] tu reftOn in iiir, ruuiitgcouA exploration of tLo
year 1831. Three Kicnxucru wcro employed Ufei pOM is I entering
!■ 1 'i :i\ ;tll Mid hirluN;*, :ind -ilr.rrilr.l
mile* frozo on i'm- ut ■Its ay, ; 6 . inns proving
IjDMOBI 1o bo navigable for S&23 niilve, from it* mouth t
t*utorn slope* .-if tin- Andes EMU Lima, Tho hitherto ■'
unknown Rives lever! ha* alto been lately explored, to ilio
extent of about 1000 xailcu, by a Joist I ad
■ \i. XUfl bwd*bl« activity, while devci'
the raeoarcee of thorn ciiiintrins, r.mmot. fail to extend geoyiaplili-al
knowledge.
AtnmuuisiA. — In mj lad Address I recorded thepro£r«e d
1 dition in eeftrcb. of Leiohhardt, which bed been organised oy a
OoBunittM ii' i ,! . i'.Hn i . incited Iry onr learned and on
sJaetie aesodate, I >i P Hueller, end a tieh hod been aunificentty
supported by grant* from thcl'olonial Legislatures, beaidt donation*
frcm 1 1 in (Jm vn and our own S h i*ty Sine* then th« kblf leads* • *
r.li.' Axpedidcm, Hr Duncan MoTntyre much to thi grief «>r thr pub
motcr*.ho* fall* . ui tu i timli^imnt fovci now prevalent
the Itanh/t of the streams which flew into Uu Oi U I ( • i pontorift-*
Before thin mforttmete event occurred, Air. MnTntyru hud made
propei in searching fbr traces of the longdoM [uii . douj
ImioVh i.f Iho Alb" rt. Gilliot, and Lcicbhiirdt riv..n* ; qm li>>mn-' M
nAttves and examining all thi reporta of wMte people living amo
the tribe*. Hi* journey acitusi tin- continent* however, from the
• IUB IBnfKMu 1>» ?ir QtOTg4 Bo*tD« Oovtnior «f Q
daiod tfltli Daovmbcr, IH66, ibal il.. I »..t »ocnunu rrport an uaproTtuDval
trier*
Australasia. clvii
River Darling to Burketown, on the Albert, has added but little to
out geographical knowledge, the party having followed very nearly
on the tracks of the former explorers, McKinlay and Landsborough.
The death of Mr. McTntyre occurred on the 4th of June last ; and I
have lately learnt that Mr. W. F. Sloman, who euccoeded to the
command, has since also died. In this state of affairs, with the
Expedition left to itself on the opposite side of the continent, the
Ladies' Committee have entrusted its further management to Mr.
Campbell, the uncle of the late leader, who has contracted to continue
the search for the remainder of the two years originally contemplated,
and has appointed Mr. W. F. Barnett as leader. By the last ac-
counts from the Gulf of Carpentaria, dated December 21st, the party
had resumed the search, and had obtained a valuable coadjutor in
Dr. White ; the camels wore reported as in fine condition, and well
suited for Australian travel.
la other parts of Australia the acquisitions to our geographical
knowledge have been limited to local explorations in search of lands
suitable for pasture or settlement This has been especially the
case with the colony of Western Australia, which has of late years
added much to our information respecting the northern portions
of its territory. Mr. R.J. Sholl has explored the neighbourhood of
the Glenelg River and Camden Harbour, but without hopeful results
as regards its capabilities for immediate settlement; and on his
report the Provincial Government has abandoned the attempt to
colonise the district The settlement of the northern territory of
South Australia has also proved a failure, and is now abandoned, —
the survey of the neighbouring coasts and rivers undertaken by the
Colony, with a view to discover suitable lands for colonisation,
having borne no fruit. On the other hand, the progress of settle-
ment in the tropical portions of Queensland, on the eastern coast,
and at the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria, steadily continues.
Another new township, named Carnarvon, has been formed in the
Gulf, on Sweers* Island, to the north of the mouth of Albert River,
where the harbour, named by Captain Flinders " Investigator
Beads," is the only good one at the head of the Gulf. This is
probably destined to become the principal seaport in this part of
Australia, and the emporium for the settlements on the banks of
rivers running into the Gulf. Upon the general subject of the
advance of colonization in Queensland I entered into some detail in
my last Address, and need not now recur to it, beyond calling your
clviii Sir RODERICK J. MuRCllISOS** Address.
.if. p El descriptive yuy\ of M .fobs lardinc,* which
give* k> much information regarding the neighbourhood of our new
"IlirlHOt, Jit CujW Yulk.
New Zealand, — Since tho publication of tho valuable paper* of
Dr. llwut and Dr. Hcsetor, on tho glacier* and paiwea of the i nnter-
liiuv iiml Ol.i^n rVofioOBt, iii flu- M i< I*ll«- Island, V'w Ztudand, in
Kh v iliirii* .'I" iiu Foiji u.il, I ■ Mtiwii of lh< im-n) *Bo1
aim out impa*&ablo mountain-ran^© which form* the hackbon* of tho
ikIiithI. hiiHbpfii coif nu>'i1 l><. > of ihrhe gentlemen Owing
bo tin dlnOTtfJ of gold on tho woefcni tioaat at IIokitiKrt. tin-
P» . : -1 Government of Canterbury woro anxioun to duioovcr
boom iM-.li . r routs OTW thi Dou&tefioi thin thfl caxoaStotu ani by
the llarunui and Teraiiiakaii or BupcCT PlMi and BOVtMl] pttl : V •
• ni if to Bad, if possible, othor proven, From thin rcmilkd
tin ilineovury of Arthur** Tumi (3038 feet) MIX th© head-water of
lilt! Will Hi I:: mi, I.; Mi :, it ami GoOTTgt DoW.HI, And tfcfl
north JUkai* El* (4MB feet) by Mcwta. Browning ud ' iiifnths,
whioh latter reduced tho dictaTiee between tho ca*t and w«t coonU
ibuiif. eleven miles On Hi 1I.*im*I *1< vulvi d In Inlj . I • I
ag .it ■:■•■ II Eenot pi*Mic«, *4ii-i ] i aorio* of altim-v
ftcctioim by baromotrioal obBorvotions, to «>rvo as a guide to the
Government in dbood&g the but KWtfc Tbo task wai accomplished
in ihe latter par I uf the ycai 1803 Hi .
pooooa, and, on hii return to L'hriutohurch, drawing np a aerie* of
*blo diagram* Ls I Initwdoa of the mbjeet, OOpivf Ofwbioh,
| in ffith idwcriptivc pftper, hr ho* fui warded V !!<■ lor py©-
«cnUtion to our Society. The ji b I.' tail 1W wiui found by Dr.
lla;u* to bo deeply eoveiv- with »n »w in 'he curly ■ n
thai tin rontei I :• ixthu tod ITarpw pnwu (a.ila.ii;.v'n i-m-
sidorably longer) will alwny* bo preferred by traveller*, art they are
seldom obstructed by enow, and u> ilutiohoa.
<»>. — In concluding thiw, the thirteenth, Addrem which I
liav. dflllTO*d to joxu I BW "TOO that tho Coil
Ought to havo nolocted coma ono younger than myaclf to or
)'inr chair. Fur in Irulli. my DunUTOUl a-VOQatSoM pram mi heavily
HpOH iur, that, with the h' to mjivs you, I ana too
well aw&iv i i D>j is d.i.n y Lo efficiently perforin all 1 could with.
• &* • Journal,' vol. i.
Conclusion. clix
Permit mo, however, to explain, that if this Address is not as
complete as it ought to be, my chief apology is that, as our anni-
versary approached, I was in the throes of bringing out a new edition
of the chief work of my life, * Siluria.' But whilst Geology has been
the pusuit on which I have established whatever little reputation I
possess as a labourer in the fields of Science, I know that you will
believe me when I say that I have so loved Geography that I have
through life considered these two great branches of knowledge to be
inseparably connected. At all events, during my term of office as
your President, I have ever striven to the utmost of my power to
preserve the efficiency and augment the influence of the Royal
Geographical Society.
I£ then, you should be pleased to adopt the recommendation of
the Council, and re-elect me, I promise you that, if I be spared, I
will put forth what energy remains in me to carry out your wishes
during the ensuing year. But really, when that term shall have
expired, I trust you will place at your head a younger chief; and
whoever he may be, I am sure when he has been but a year in
office he will declare, as I have ever done, that the Fellows of this
Society are men of whose support he may well be proud, and over
whom it is a true honour to preside.
PAPERS READ
ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
DUKING THE SESSrON I86S-G7.
[Pott*i*o Vol. XXXVII. ©r Tint RocirTt'a Jovbnm.
l'l iii.isiii.il April 25m, 1808 ]
I.— Report on his Journmj to Ilchi, the Capital of Khotan, in
■iir*: Tartan/. Hv Mfc OrriUAflnB&Ull W EL J"HSNONr
f.r.oa, Great Trigonometrical Survey <if Indwt.
fond, Nrrrr»tnli*r Villi, I km;,
A detached party of the Kashmir Safes of tlir> Urcut
Trigonometrical Survey, under in> rluu^r-, Iri't IMjui Puuu on
:7th May. pr eaod rid Simla and B4mpar. and, as tbe
lTili July, arrived at Leh. where I was obliged to bait Uie
camp for a week, to enable mc to inakt! tin* arr*Dg*mflnta
locwwary for my further progress.
On Loh I took ili«- well-known route rid Tikse and
Tanked <o the Pangong Lake, und ihuti cm y r the Miucnmk
opi ig ground of I'amehalnn. m tin- valley of
< Ihangehenmo. I then marched eastward* up tin- LMiiingehfinmo
Iting at the celebrated hot spring* I* i >« i Kiani,
id :.- fin :il LuiaL:'in;r ; thence T limrrhrd iinrlhwanht ntnl
a peas called by my shikari th» LumKnn,; IV -.. i>wr a
of hill*, which, running from cael to west, rw l to ft fcwri rj i
ml 8000 feel above th< Cbangcbenmo Valley, and foras
rn boundary. I then marched in Q northerly direction
on high exto naive Lablo-lund*, which mighl be called plains in
<ii with the rugged ranges of the Himalayas, for fhoy
linvi- a ^reaier extant nf Iev«l (luiii of hilly ;rnuuid, Olid the
have eueh easy slope*, that a her«a> may bo
galloped overthexn everywhere. The finrt ploio ia about L7|30Q
, „>\i the sea-level ; it bears traces of having been the bar]
nf ii face lokcj and at present conl dm two lok< s, which, when
i In in. rnu'ivil aruHH nf about 10 and •'" n'pmn' nnles
rtivfly, nini ju'c (ir-ihiihly much lur^er in April and May,
.-■ ii. ' Ilia;; of the? snows. A second plain sdo\wri Kfii% \\
vMI, l\
!• :isWN* Journey to J ('hi, Khotan.
distance of 30 mfloa in a north-easter]; direction from 10,700
feci do WD tO 15,300, when it nm-m ji-ain I1 wanls tin- \\,\\* l sin A
of the Ki in Lun. I truvi'i-sril these two plains, and nkin
Quid lyiug to tho uorth-wc-t of ihL« second. From the hills
1 ascended I noticed other plain* of considerable extent to
tho east and south-east, whion an beti wed to merge into tho
ChAagtbAug Plains of liudolc. On tin- other bun}, t • the wfeeti
there were no plains, but a aeries of deep valleys, which jut i 1m
sources of one of the pi ncipalaffineiitsoftbi K&rakasb B
1 struck this rivet si a point 6 miles west of the G P. station
oa the Kinn LuDi which u mark, d E 57 flat. 86° 53* 86wj long.
7fl 28" :'•-". height 21,76?). At that paint the height of the
rivet i* 15,500 feet. It* source* are aoout 25 miles distant to
the &E., in u ipur from the Ki':in Lqq, wh* h S p&Tttti B the
valley of ill. Ki ! .-h from the second of tho plains air
noticodi
I m q hen state tint I gathered from native information I h tl
(ho Kian l.un range stretches in "'> easterly direction for a
distanoi of abonl fOO nilci from the sources of the Kui-iiku-h
Eiiver, and then terminates on an extensive plain, eommn-
nieatinx with the (.'lian^tliaii^ I 'lain. 1 wn.i informed that bj
skirting the Kfan inn range, wheeled conveyances might l»'
• m - ri v token from Lfcthl to tno Ch4ngch6nxoo Vellej ncurLoh;
that ifateTj grass, and ftood, are oDtaJnable at every halting"
place, tod thai thg onlj difficulty b the liabUitj to m.-.-t with
opposition from tin- sin phen] of Hmlok, in tin* portfctt o)
rout.- wlnrli |u- . - : iTm- lli< < 'h-jl -lli'tll'' JMwill.
I ascended three peaks of the Kin Lan range, irhfeh had
been nroTicnislj ti\''il bv the Trigonometrloal opera-tlaus of (he
Survey, and which, having no nanro , ore knows by as as i
E M, and E 61. The contrast between lln* \iew to the north
and thai to 1h* south was ve^ striking; on the one side there
was little hut plain, on i!i- other mountains and deep willeya.
I might almost have fancied myself on one of the southern
ranees of the Himalayas* with tin*" plains of India Co the south,
ami gnat mountain ranges I » kite north, excepting, thot in
queues of the grant altitude of the Kfan Loa peaks, the
mountains t" the north were generally loner than those on
which I w is itandinK
Protn those peaks, however, ! e mid not ;•• I a lion of any of
til'- important towns of EOiotaii, irh eh I was so anxious to see,
and I m old have been obliged to have been satisfied with the
i \t< iit "i exploration whi< h 1 bad afri ad) accomplished, had not
an opening j'i*"-»-i.r -I n . f for me to proceed to Kholnn. under
the protection Of the khan of that country.
AMiilo I iras En Lab, a native of Centra] htSn presented men
Johnson * Jvunicy to IU>i> Kkoton.
from the Kli:m Badaha* <>f Kbotan, inviting dm to ant 1
.v. al hi' wUlinl much to KM nn« ; In- nlso stnfiil that
: haA, having beard tho previous season of D2J b iiJ£ in ilio
tibotirhood of hi* !wmn<Wy, Imd wmi< men at that timo to
in. Inn- tih? to eee him, but that I had left Bukit, and returned
to Leh, b iii ■ ■''::' !• ;ii-nv«'.| at tho f«>n:Hi pl.nv.
Tii.- receipt of tin's tatter, In which tbe Kln'm of Khotjui
(I l. i. n.l -r Kir i-vrt'v ii.. i-fant'c, urn] tn i^rmit mo to
:i to lii'li, afUtr n ihort sl.i\ in hi* capital Ihlii'. together
with the powonal statements of several merchants and ti i
i and farkand, emboldened me in undertake the risk of
visiting the Khotan oountrj, thinking l>y this <'iit.-r|iri8e to lw
oik- to famish itilnrm.itmri of value to our (iovirrnment, as
i la those provinces of Central Ada, trhleh an at prasBtri
rtlm'»t naksown to Knn?pcan3,nnd also of Uio movement* of tho
Koaaian force* in those purta of tli<- world.
i i;t arriving at the somvo of the Ktak&sfa River, I despatched
1lp. k ho tan inf.-niL'rr, whom I 111 1 ' iway with me from
! . with a letter to BabflralM] KliaH of Khoten, prupo
tlmt I would Tisit him. provided ho sent either of In.* two
or Ma mtaDeer, to receive raert the Sial village on the northern
:" the Kinn I.nii range of mount
While waiting nt the Karflntah for a wplj *° my letter, I
ting several peaks, in order to fit suin-
|H>in1.t on tin- piano tnhli- b«r \f- inlnif; tho work aeross
Use Kfiin l.nn i iii< -*■. Mini iii taking obaorrationfl ui dfltflnohiing
S of my watch.
■ bearer of my letter returned on Che \m at* th da] altar
Leparture, aocompaniod by ;t beg, or govornor of a imail
province* ami an interpreter, with a letter from the kbi&i
dng rne earnestly !■■ visit hiro, with promins to take nvory
nucd in bii lorritofr, and Informing mo
that he had despatched bia wazeer, BaifulU KhoJA, t-i mod
mont Brii mpm^nt. b cvond theLuduK boundary,
for the i'iji|in-c 1. 1 I--. -in lini' inr ihi'im to llelii.
On the nth Sertembei l started from my ensjempflkOnl at the
Kazikaah toward* Brirggd, irlucli 1 reached In lour dam and
bond iln- waieer awaiting mj arrival. It took us It nays in
all to march from tho Karik&eh to Qohl Ike rood was very
difficult, and the pasa by which I rroaaeil tin- Kfon Lun w*w roi'd
tohu\<' been only very recent)} discovered by Jumi Kli:'n. i!i<'
Khotan aarhasaauor to tho Briti.-h K-ivrrnm' ii. win-- ^u» i.mi-
|i»'!h'i t.i flnd his mj over this part of the range Lnvjuine Lho
regnlai roe I from llchi to Loh, vii Banjo1 and the EarUo nam
I'ass, woa in tho lumdh of Urn Y;irktuu!o<.s, who .s.-k- thon .it war
Hi
4 JOIMOM'j Journri/ to Ii,l,i, I\i,oltin,
with i!n Doopk od Kiuiiim. [ have dceeribod thai route fa lull
ill liimU* No. I. :irriiiiij)ail> m- tlllfl EBpQI (.
On mv urrivul at Brfnjgt 1 was received hy tie orazoer
Siiiiuila Khoja, and forth* t oo at the town "t" UraagkA-li, which
jfl three DlilotS from Ilchi, by tho khilii's tWO sens, escorted I ir
cavalry and inftatry, m <i ma accompanied by thorn to the
GagritsX whore I h is wmj comfortably boused io the old Chinese
fort, 1 hid Interviews with tho Klmn <>1 Klmhm ami Inn tun
son* almost every iluy of my stay in tin placet
Ihl Shift li'i.l-hii of Klmiiui u about ei btj ri u - of
JfOH.1 rtUtltr*' II Mil i\ |M;ir;i!tr, . .111. I Jtltoilt <i Ifrt in hi-jyht ;
rnilici- slntit, hut well-built, &nd of ■ very fair complexion. II.-
]h N'cn to ^rriit ii*lvaat6 rh< D 'Iri'ftsod io hie robe* of state,
which consist of n oboga of mIU, worked ovi r with -'<>,ii thiv.i-i,
and b large white puggrie (turban) tied aftei the mogul style*
II.- is reported to bo very iU-tocporod, and Tory atnot in hia
"ii\i rim BHt% I miM, h0W6VBT, admit I lint he showed inr much
1.111 ■ lli«--- - will!*' Hi hlS ■'< IMitry-, :Hk1 l.<;»l till 1* Is-: pjOD 1 I -, With
the exception "f not allowing me bo li are the plao . after .1
\f days, m had boas agreed upon j and in wishing to keep
m< with linn alto-'i -tin r. — which he would liuw donCj Dad I not
pointed oat bo him the Daslessneas of hiadoiqgea Eh wished
to dfitaio "I.' as a hostage] until snob time as tho Britu h
I toveramenf will linn awurtancoi in the shape of troops and
annSj against the Eh okanees, or Andajtaeasj and the Bin
forces, which lattes are daily approaching towards ITAvkaad and
Khotan. The KhAfl of Khotaii mentioned *<• me thai be and
hi* second son travelled through India, vto t\ ihawar, &Tooltaiia
ami B bay, to Hecca, in 1861, and returned to Khotan in the
early part of l$08, passing through Perasg Turk<-..tan, and
K iii'Uiin, and penetrating i"r loxuc distance intoBuanan tcrri-
ti.ry. On hi* iviiiiu In u.i, rnmli tin riiirt ka/.i nl llrlu', mid
within a month he sneeeeded in railing •' rebellion against the
Cbinme, which resulted in their ma-wnrr*;*. and hw -I < 1 cm by
the Inhabitants of the country to \» thoii KM
ruler. The province of Bhotan was the ftol in which the
Chinese wor*< destroy**], unci tho cxumple was fallowed in
Ynrfcandi Ah-u. Olid <«thcr * i t i ■ .<« As Iho r» -ult 1. 1 his own
observations, and the oxporience I"1 has derived from bis
iinv.i , the kiiifl also inionnod mo that ho ibund the inhabi-
tants of India pnjoyinp ^nvitrr :i.!\ji:ii iv<- n* n-^nnU jiihtior*,
Liberty, and foeoooin from oppn ion, than any other oottntry-
Thi ilu--i.ui principles 1 ( • rermnent he nid were oppreeaivo,
partionlarly ili< ascription, which forces men to serve tn
distant parte of tho empire, fex away irotn, and with but little
JoiiXrtON'jf Joumtjt h //</„; Nhotitn. h
tOO&CO of r.". i-itniM", tki'ir horn<*«, The I 0 drtiid
the ooimtrj of Bihar (Siberia), which the] an ami* i> the
jM-niil ■ i;l. ii. u: of ili< Russian ( .ovrDU'i- i,t.
Klii'hui. uliadi W8B lonm-rly n proving ofChllM, &OH ifldo-
K rodent* — the Mahomedan population • ■! I kao rthohui,
ishg&r, and other an vinoei oj Central Asm, b kvin$ in 186 •,
niaA5iit-;nl ul! the Chinewe in those parte, Bava a ton wilO
adot : t the tfahozn das religion.
En uli-i!, country of Khotan north of thi Kfun Lunras .
including bpvoti parganas of tTarkand which had udmiitt
tint kfaAfl daring tii\ stay in lii'ln. u an it ii in- :i -. ■ plain, sloping
'. downwards to ixs6 which place is fifteen long marches
of Hi lii. Tin:; entire plain il wat red l<y mum iun> -m ill
ii - in!-] .Minn l.ir.'f mi i-. whii li are tin principal affiv
of tin Tarim or krgol River, which, in ita turn, obembpj
into the great take sailed Lob Nnx. Ike whole ooi ■■
i: i i.;.ii.(: |.\ run il i froi i then riven
At a distance • ■! nz milootothg north-east of Held Is tho
<t'-t it of Takla .Mil.;, it ((Join) wllioh, with il- &bj
Moda thai move along in vast hallows overpowering < \ < rv ■. Uin „-.
in said 1<> bare buried 3C0 citico in the BJAC I I -1 bourn
The <<\^<- nf this desert l;:i- tin- appearance of a low range
ot broken hflla, and consists of hillooafl of moving sand, n
in beighl from 200 to 400 feet TVa. 1.1 which I have brought
away a semplo, was dog oui of one of those entombed eitl i
i I wua at Il*iir. and waa believed bj the natives to be
ofgT I Gold COilM,* a/eighinjj d ll«., and nili. i- .tilictrs.
' - n ported t<> have been loiuul m 90XQG ot" llo-ni, l»'U the
t.n- nt tin-*1 n'ti.'s aro only known to a low persons, wlio
Keep it a secret in order to enrich tln-nr. ,-.<>.. The only ono
thai is well known ia thai in which roxj large croantitUH of
tea aro found. an<i which commands a read] aale in the
I . BOH that all trad.- with China is Stopped, Tin- KJ1 I i'
this buried citj is s mile to the north "t I i ngkash.
The soil of the c flintxj ia mostly samiv, ™ •:" v I,v< '• ,;"
■tones and rocks; ii - mm productive, bora the (sronxnatanoe
Ol il"- line dual tains. - <l by currents of air from tho deaert
* 1 emteavoiin-d to obtain IBftalt coins jiiul rvaorat, bni was informed ihat none
Wtri uiucuuluK.* ni Ilijji and Yjirkan*!, tun polj •" K:.^lit:jir. the Ullrr bdaj *u
I .;!>.;. i. ■! dim <>i ihiM<: w hich c«ca(ic<l l^ing buried by llic detfert. Ilctn
RBd VufLainl ar*> pcportctl to bat ■ t ft o Hiijadeii ttftcr t)ie ah<*vv-in««iitic»!ivtl dtftllM*
linn, mid nrr ttiiTPtnrr eonndcrtcl i<«-» i-itu-*. I hit irn.'rnrnt npin«xr» U have
bnodiUOD, '"' I aerer ?nw or annl ofaslnjek' ruin, thougti I iimd> <
f, ttLilc Kwliji-ir U >uid iu cuu bun extensile luita.
6
JoiTNflON'/ Journey to Ikh\ Khotatt.
ninl dop *itcd iii the plaint. During my rfny nt Ilelu I noticed
ilns phenomenal] oa severnl occasions; although there wai no
wind blowing, the whole ttmospbaxa was 90 thickly Ailed with
du.it, ibftt I WOS Obliged to E06 a candle nt mid-day t<> I"* able
to rend large print. The dint wtlicfa fell will of Ml cvtrnn-'ly
fac quality, ami Ol u very light colour. Kft lulling pulvon •- 0
oIaj I'Im' inhabitants declare thai thisdepoail i^ as good M
manure for the soil, and that no vegetation would Uutro
nilliniit it.
Tin* chM grain* of tin* country arc — Indian corn. *h nt,
borlOT oj two Kind-, hajni, jowur. buck-wheat, and rice; all of
whicfl ;>ro superior to the Indian grains, mid ure of a \.tv linn
quality, from tin- cirtuiiL-fniif i the eUmate being nila Bad
mora equable in teinpei.it mv. with moderate rain in flight
ihower donally. Iho country Ei certainly a to
India, and in every rospcet equal to Kflflhntili over ill wh it has
advantage oi* being ; maid, and consequently batter
i'iiiti'd t' the growth of fruit -f. t >1 1\ • -, j»;ir -:, tipple-, | •* ■: n-l i ■ - ,
apricot*, mulberries, grapes, curranta and paakim — all
c Unglj large in rise and of u delicious flavour — are produo J
it variety and abundance, lieaidch r I m .- -. tin- pfanl bom
which tl ban ttxacted la met with In alnioel every fl
it dlSon flUghtly from the rh:mn [il.-int n- :'i'iii I 1)1 li-. .
having broouer leaver and growing Ui I larger rise. Cottflfr
of vntaable Quality and ran ill;, an also produced in
tlilu"' i|UaIititl
Ihi principa] forest trees are the poplar, willow, and ta&a-
risk (boui the rm^ and villa;.''?- tin lice? Imvc l». . .
mostly planted, bm between Kin. tun and \u-\\, fox a dtetano i
twolvi in ii -li. ■, thm in rtiich a denw ton t ol then thai
lien an said to have led themselves in it. Some of the
l».|.l:ir* aiv reported to be <>t an immenw! riao, and are DA -
the purposes of bouse building* The whole country is vory
rich iu noil, jml-rin-.r from tin- splendid gmei which la P
wherever wot i baa flowed over, • n n for it single day* J have
a /rent variety of grasses, &c, as Bamnles. The greater portion
of tin' I'ountiy i- ujiN-ti*, lor u n ui ol inhabitant . and the present
produce i.« morn than mfflcaent f«r tin- kuiiIa of tin- coinpurn-
tiv.lv -iidJI pipnlntii 11.
The whole oountry, espeei Kfuu Lun range of n.<
tains, la wealthy En mineral*, via. : sold, silver, iron. loud.
copper, antimony, Mdt, saltpetre, tulphur, soda, and coal; of
iiii^Jji-t I have nunplep. It is found neai the village of DM
in Rhotan, and to the \m i t oj JfaTi and. "ii the road to Koahgor.
Hold and pnoions stanefl are chiefly found in the beds of the
lOBMOnV Journrj/ to Urh,\ h'lwtan. 7
in. which isane from the K Jiiii Lsn n id in rtrt
if! tii - ill n .11 ; I\:iliili-i)l iU, Kini. sinri i I )i;i. Ir Ifl
. "i men arc doily employed in th< . ■ Ida, Tbo
online*} value of gold in Khoten li R*. 0 la 10 pes tola,
whiUi in Kashmir km same qimtifej vails for 17 to 18 fie,:
thi« caronmatAnoG alone will anon bow abundant gold Etj
bow large a quantity then natul boat tbo prisi-nt tim* in the
r y.
The prii opel ton n i la like country of KhotaB aw Hd >'. K" "»-.i-
kftab, I, jii!i.:K.i ii. riu:n, hl'ria, urnl Ink. 1 In ■■-..■ . I \itiK:inl
;in- V;iiL;iinl. PbahgAO t. and Saiga] ih ; and lljiKt? of ku>h;>;ir
i;:;ir mid Vmi;|' luhar.
'1 !)-• TuJagCS of Khotan nn mostly BSftll (with the exception
jotak and CUchan. which w.<jv Chine,.' j tonal setth'-
i :- it..), and scoUorod, while those of Yarkand, tuch ii« Sairjti
uml Klin • m< m r_\ large.
01 aboTe m> ationed, Yarkand i» the lurpro*t. an i i
0 zn-ii: place of trade Tin- Bokhara and Known cara-raisi
with sagax-candy, loaf agar, oktbj wrought iron, hrn<-, ir..n
\.-M-li. hiiI ntlii-i .iiti.K-. which are l-n.ilghi &C0II DetfO
Sendpolatinak, Troitaka, and Bokkudi after pe
through Kbokan, Tiesl tfarkand fcwioi a ><■»»', with u many as a
..iml camels. Trader* iiLvj from V«rno», Vk ITaeid (Fori
id Hi, with hoi-ace*, China ton, and hilk;-, iK^iunt
this city in gTCftl no abeiH
llrlu Ee next fo bnportanoo, and i< a great mannJ
city; the chief articles of nanafactnn an aUks* felta, car]
both *dk and woollen, and noarao cotton doth*; tome of tlmw
used ap in the country, anil the rv i ■•Npvrtni t., l'nrkand
uml Leh. riii- niw silk nroducod is of wry coomb texturr,
- bo bad re lm-. Paper i« also made oat of the mnlfa
till)-', : i t ■ > .1 I V\ivtU II < J>,
or tain are held in the city once or fata i (veekvln
h most of the trade transactions in good^ and Minimi- ndv.
[J.i.v. Tin lL'iii" ii.r/:ir. v Incli \ rlsited, presented a very Uvolj
oeDc. both men and women being vnrj >••>■>, i<>u8 to buy and soil.
1 noticed thai during those (him irary large naantitita of meat,
iding carnol and home fleeh, were consumed by Ike pe ph
of Ci Btrfl Asia.
The wild nimn.ik wen in the country are the goat, wolf)
jackal, tax, and bare, all of which are of the Tibotian species.
I: : i M . »:nl Icoiimi'iIn, arc Kiiid to BXWt in the forarl
betwnen Ehotan and Akstl Among the wild birds are g
docks, chikoor flarco and small), pzeeona. Qnnilf kitefl, i.-rows»
and riavka, of woion lust epecicfl the karal (bear coot) ia very
8 JomNsun'j Journey to lklu\ K/iohnt.
l.'.-r, Mml n|' h Idii \ vnh ur; t hi* bird in kept by ih
e qJ konting woIyw, jockolf, &c, whicb it ■
with -ii.tt km igy<
Tii.- domestic ammah an Gamals (Baotdan), horeee, mules,
ii ■■■il-., mtil" (Tibctiim and Indian), poata, wed Diiniliri r*hoop,
Tlic goiitfl are to be met with in Larue Qocka n the ■' i
the CAinalfl imd tqm iZQ lUOd tOt lading, and lli.- hoi ■■ lur
riding and dtawiiiir wlm-lcd cmm-vanccs which iv-<i mhlc tho
Indian country cart*), but arc lighter; tlw»y Wfl generally
drawn by Tour li.-i 160, OHO being in thfi abnll.t, while tlio oili t
throe '.'" nbrvJiAt (18 lenders !\f<is| of the lioraen ill the nam try
an not bred there, Imt are LmpCtttod from Badakahdn, 1 If, end
tin- « -< Mint iv of tli*- Kilni.'ik Tartar*, — the lni'-.r buibca being
from the fanner ]'l;i''<-. and lh<» jrlinonts I'miu tin- In Her, vrhare
thi ■> ir reported to be very nmaer-oiw, obi ahakb alone being
UJd lo have 10,000 mares.
The domeetio birds art* gee**, ductal and fowls the latter
m i \ abondan1
Tin* chief sports of tli*' country we hawking md a game
Called lioj-Btiji (sheep vu'-'er), which cuiimsIm in !
racing after ana ox thaw number, and trying lo gel poaMsatan of
a shop uln-li he b oanying; thia game ia earned on until
1mii.1i home and mn are complete!] axhaustod. The man of
thia |mri "; Central Asm lire mostly <\wUent rid-'ir-; dliinKt
BTery man has on* or more horse*, njpI tin \ verm to have a
pv.it diatik to mdkiag
Th« population of II. In' is about 40,000. and that of tlio
whole country of Klmtiin about 250,000, the ;• ir.:<l' - piv-
pondor&tmg over the moles t«> the extant of tweatj pear cent
Thia inequality of the sexes b attributable lo a number of
lnaU"- having left the r.mntry, pomo having boon banished, and
others killed during the late disturbance* with tlio (..him-.**,
KhoLriiices;. .Hid KiO'liiircrs. Th< i ■ i ' -i i f i re mostly ii n- -looking,
with tair complexions, and rery well built ; the women an
rather Nhort, but pretty; Uith BGDM hive ft slight. Tartar iu-i
iif ii.'utuiv-'. and it i* remarkable that l»>tli men and women axe
utll and cleanl] appareled* The inhabitants an all M
rnedant Hie] ipaaft the Turla Language, and, Judging from
tin- iiuincMUH prayer* they repeal, are roty strict ia the
obaarvan f their rcli^iniiH i ■■■■ juir. nn 1 1-
Xhe taxes of the oouatry ate moderates Ihe khifl tab
(mill of oil the produce, also of the gold and animals ol t i * * -
eonntry ; the same tax ii tevied on « sporti :""' import*, but (he
kluiA intends increasing the rates of taxation uu a 1- imported
finm Lehj K0 un to oqunl the heavy dutio? imp^xJ by the
Joi&xsoN'r Journaa to Ihhi. Hhottat
a
larojah ofKaahmii on tin exports from Khotan. Th< klaifi
racd me« ilm! he ww diwathiAnd nt the exorbitant i
leried OH the export * from In country nt Lata by the .Malumi-
- l!iit.iU.
Til- ' ir. it coin* of tin- prarinOQ iM tin* kuru* and pfoo.
ii-ii piece of silver, about «i indue by2»and aooul
1J iiifli in thickaeav, shapod like u boat; ia Kashmir its
k is lte 168, though H weighs only 100 Company's IN., the
ia in favour of the kuraafrom its owing alnoirl pan*
.1. T& pioc are made el copper, about the Bin al oar
■ r, with ai Jn i!i- iii tin- i-i -iii<-. Tin s .ir •/■■in 'uilly
to be liiul in -.inn.<- ol 50, which Ei called a langa. In Khotan
.J iii- nt' tl ii' kiiMi^ Hurt nut* •* in iifli. - «m i' 1 1 M
tingrfx of [»i''» an' jiii'l lor it kiiriis.n1 otin-r LbXMt Onlj 880
a in , I v,.»- iu Khotan tin' rate railed from tfiX) to
:»M) i.ii»;rn.s. Then- is also iinotlmi min culled "kural/1 shaped
large knnu, but it < value iK** ant <■*< 1 IU. x* «. tho
npnro. Qold a not carrent, but b sold in small
packet*, •■tii'li i-niiT.'iuiing i littlo mora than 8 tola*; lire ol
packets arc gira i in < vlinn ■< f.»r «. kum.-, Tin Klujtn-
nsjas am no woigota, but dry urnl liquid goodb are noU by
loth measure la alao nearly equivalent to the
piJiah ym L
Tin* Ivliufl of Kliotan has ua army ■'•on i lii ' "1 <iUOU infantry
and 6600 cavalry; all, however, being run badly equipped)
baring only Chinese weapons, ft hat likewise s largo artil-
lery; 1 eounte i ■■ pins of brass and iron, oJ ;iil sixee, up to
IV-|H)iiii(lfr>. Tin- riimli'y is ruinaiiiinli'il b\ Muslim Klimi
Kbojaui (sahib), tin- kluii ■ ■ !■! -:on; tho urtilh-ry by Udji
Abnibiin. also styled Lashkar (.'liaa. his oldest son; and tlic
infantry by a person who calls liimeeU u Pathao^ but whom
cioufi character, probably a forttrrti mntinoor.
Tin- lattctr spoka llimlostaai, ami told me be bad been »'» India,
nad Imil eateu the will vi the En^li-h. II'- au<l a f i - -■!■ r I'nuu
DininoOj and .* fakir, who said he had been a sepoy, were Ihe
y persons with whom I eould convene without the aid of an
I tar.
OS of the kliaa are rather short, being about G feel
has in height; the eldest is all od< r, and very intelligent,
while ike other i< rather sti m am dull; both bate fair i
ions, boi the latter bus Chinese features. Thoyaro geue-
r.illy hi i-hogas of black .-alin. ami gold-WOTkcd I
The eldest *ou is th« chief personage about the kluift. and ta Um
k.-.|»T <>t" ii and tn asury.
Tin- oenal toute from Leh'to llchi is over Qui Klrflwrani
10 JonttaoaV Journey to 7Idu\ Khytan*
Vilsh. and ihrnmdi Ruiiju; hut Uirri' at*" Siu-rul other*, -ah Soli,
ror, have not been much Died tall vtrvlfit.lv, viz.: the
Hindotiilc diwfa, tbo Bdnjga diwun, and lli Pulri route. Tin-
hut " tl ■•■■■ i* the best as it lies oror rart plains, where v
gm&9, and WOOd, Dfl obtainable .it ■ •;■ rv iiMJm" pl/K'o. It is
reported ilmt wheeled conveyancei maj be Uk< i from 1 1 n-
( 'iiuii^-hriimo \ iillr-y nml Itudulc t<. II. 'hi and FaYkafid I''- if;
tin* only difficulty nrhioh exists i.**. that a portion of ill'* route
pass^ across the Changtluing Plain, which is occupied t>y ehop-
tMrdfl bom JCmliilc who ilofod th< toad last year to traveller's
proceed in- U'i'.wi-ii Loll find llrlii. I li;tv« submitted a tew
remarks relative *■> this ami other routes, which will bo scon in
tli ■ esqoeL
The EiralcoDun Pas ■ good but Tary difficult,
■ to tli" pant <'f ^rap» and voodf the difficulties being
iMiiiiH.-iil .ii certain seasons of the vmi. when no water k nhfain-
ablc, the whole oi the riven and itroainaj Including the
N iniiui, betne huen ow i . The cold in bo intense thai men end
laden b tan b IVC boon known to bo frozen to death while in tin*
bed |ii n i between the Niobia' and Kar&kaafa rivera While
1 wan marching over thi* nliu-o, in Nowmlier, tin- col- 1 wm ->»
gri at thai 1 and thi notii wth me a aid eel ao deep daring
tin- nights, and our beards nagd to be cove-iwa with icicles while
marching along the mad in the sun. The thermoincu-rtt whieh
I bad oould i ■ ■ • t. show the toiuuHutnKb *w they wore not gia-
duatad bekra Lfi Fahrenheit Chi* route i« «nui»timon iui-
by il'iii/a robber*, who have established themselves ->t flie vil-
lage of Shingsbel situated a lit t lo north of thn Karikoram.
OhIymo lab lyes lasi i n they plundi tod every huge caravan
while on its mtb] from fddcan I to !-**!■. and carded the Lrad i
and their good* nwuy to thai? own country] where they sold
tho former as slaves to traders from Badarab^n, Cliittil, and
EvhoUn.
Ih- HindotAk Bead, which leaves thi Karakoxtm route at
Snkit, lien for two marchw up the KarakaKh Itiver, and then
etc set ovai the Elun Lan range by the Hindottt Pats. This
route i*> short, but WMjj difficult, and ran . n'-, hi- used by lout
pai angora, on account of very difficult and extonaivo gloctere on
thr nortlp in side of the pass.
Tho Brinjga* route, tno one 1 (ravelled over, rrogsna ilin
north' r;i i-i'lr. o! the ' hdii^elivnuiO V'flilfiy, and OVC* nun.. Da
plains perft'etk lliiiidiahilrd ami voiil of at I \rv;i'tiil ion. x^itli tin-
exception of (he lavendac pjaatj which is itonted, ami only
bund Occasionally; IVi^h Wat€I ih alw> >< -n uran-c, that <>f thr
nuinuroiui lake* in thexo ptuiua being wry brackish, and in
j6fOnOK*fl Journey to fidti\ Kholnit.
11
placet uidriokabloi owing bo the whole of the country
inc n.. ■ whh r depoaitcf saltpetre and tods, to the
depth of inches to a foot Th© plains havoonci been
'i 'liree vast In 1< » *m, nidging from the wataMnarla and
ro distinctly mible. At tho north*-™ . >. 1 1 -
of theee plain* tli" road dips suddenly down to tho Kumkuxli
. litii< gnm and wood am found, end theooe Loads
up ftb p 1 1 oi Brinjgi, wbi h i ra n ry hiffa and diffi-
cult, from tl;.' circumstan f thara being ianwaje traantitice
of Know ai thrin ; horeei can bo taken by this rOCtO) but
ami aitlurat a portion of the raid between the Kiiu
id of -n n in I i' tiML From (hi encamp*
r Brinjgl the road follows down a ravine far one imuvli,
niui then crane* over iiuniemiw pn-xwx and streams, inch
the Kfcotan Br fi ueh is croaked by ft woo h d I A "•■. 'ill it.
into tl> plain* of Kfaotan near lir/ilui. Tho rooto, o
very difficult, lirsih from tin- mt.ii-.' cold and the
it of in' I a id n itei at tho above^mentionfid places, peoondlyi
from llio hoijjht nf tin ■ [' lirinjuYi. :nnl In-tK, ii-in ttin
! • -it U tv . m ti til-- tatter plaeo aod Beteufi being rery steep end
daogefoae, oviog to the anmecona aamnta una ilwcont* which
an- m. t with.
Tii u Lite from tho sources of tin- KirAkUi
r to Kbotnn via Shedula; it follow! the K£r&ki h Ettvtt 1 1 * - -
■bole nji posing 1 1 1 * - above-mi atiooi •! place on the uth <ln\ .
The pari ion of thii ronta )..■■ acu n Shidnln and Khotan can aaJy
■ d in tho df.'jith «.»f wint. r. wh a the water ifl veiy tow, uh
the river, which m of coiisidtiruhlo sizo, lm* to bo forded tte*
'PK-iitly. Tli<- Khotan people declare Ihia ie the route whiob
km taken b] Ruetarn, u f;miou* hem, n!nii i lied from
Ku*liyiir, the |>laee ..[" his :iUxlo, to Itudok Mid I.ukmL
The routes: chi< By iu I b) tra< i R m Let) to Lr&rkand an
wri Bagfir, Ixuliiiii, and SanM; of vhicri the two but
nr» aloeed daring the winter doxd tin y&sae& being high.
Ibi net ifl open all the yew round, bill dengvroua -it all
iim. -, in.-in uh being Info t ■ i b] robbora ] be taxei at Lab an
now levifl bj UAOgaljdi tbacedar of Ladik; and not by con-
IrflkOtOtS, M formerly. ll is un c\tr.ionlinui^ rtn'iit Hint
moet oi i w trndi 1 1 tV'»m I ,<-)■ to ^ lii-Uantl mv ugentfl <>i hhe Uaha-
nijuh, nml do not «''ll ilu-ir own Koode; tliiw custom iatarfomi
■.■.Mil ■ ,■ i.i trade. Tin thanedaj-, bctoc tho onatoioef offleor
and « icial, haapovroi to demand whaterei eeee he tliink*
- from Iradr-w who uro not npMitu of the Maharajah. In
■ i due with the traders and othera on the rebjed *f im-
»• Lae trade between Central Asiu jm«I (he I'unjuli, I
H Job.seOn « Journey to lk-htt Khutan.
i (lmt i ht •>■ mi- i nu.'i thai a coinpoteal Government
Bxrent (a linii']»'ii!i if puhaiblr) sliuulj Lit* located lit Leb, in look
after too tntoreita of the traders, wh ». I must admit, arc badly
Invited, and !-.• maintain IVu mil y relaliona With llic people W
<Vntr.il Asia, who art* very wdl*dfcposed towardi the rsritioh
Gtmnuuent; neat mlvant«i-< :■■», both mmm. rci il ami political,
wrens expected i" result from such a measure. There iru also a
wish thai ili<- laveral routea beyond (be rXirikoram should be
made safe, by the .Maharajah detaching guards of adi ^aai
etvangth to occupy the ground withSn liis boundary, Fn the
M-'tiity of tin- plain colled "Klicru'W Jinn.'!*-," on The Jv
mute, and al BhiduuS and Dnagar tm i In ■ BanM mute. Tho
{■iiii'l el twenty-live nun which tli-' Maharajah bad at SbAdula
wtaoaaon prorod bunriBcMtol foa the protection oi tin Id
:'- -") i' them were plundered bj robben. The objed ol
baring those guard* Matumcd along (he route i to enable them
to ceo if cbiavbiu when paMrfng over dangeroui ground. The
road tr-.in I. rh tu the J\ini;l.>r:iiii ivf|uire«tn he repaired and
put into thorough order, to enable lades poxrica to trurol In
afoty, especially over the SmaU and Kharaoug passes. Ttui
r.ni id be effected bj ti><- Maharajah at a %. i v moderate outlay,
and would be ■> need boon i" trjadera, who, under present efc>
ctomatancc*, almost ilivn i 'i mi: emu tho placet referred I •,
owing t" their bona*) being tamed In the sharp itonei on Ihean
pa i , whom uo f^'tpjitlii 4-vi'ti iajkI. Thataojne step* of tliin
nature axe nc osaun h evident from Che nuiDerouj • area*** of
siiiinnil- in ]»■ Keen in every (UreeTion I'' (he Maharajah. fin*
[i wing the example of the I Quxu *e, i reefed poet or reH bouse*
mi the road from ueh boYarkand at theesvara] haltfaurwplaoea
within hk territory, thi tnoonveniencee of travelling tn tha.1
red and barren ccuotrj would by do means be Incoudderabl]
lessened.
These remarks merely refer to thi tort -t and moat dire>
routes to Varkand and Khotao, wbJ b woul l 01 rtalnij h< m -
1 to Uu route '■"» I '"lii, did the former not labour under
ihmdvantagm named. I would, however, doalre to offfer a
few remarks on the newly suggested route from the Chang-
« h&tno and from Rndok. vM Changtbang to Polu, a rillagi
iiw DMiehea loutb-eael »t Il-hf. The only hindrance t"
route, oow that friendly relations have been established with
the Shall of Klietan. lathe opposition cd the Tartar shep]
Of Budok, Who, 1 am nt opinion, could I"; influeed to Mow
traders to pan through thou country bj the offer of a muiJI
iMciminry pajmeoit guaranteed by the British Government.
route would be particularly adTantagcoua
• ■.'., Jmunmu to IkfU, Khoton.
i::
■, oe they could evade tiic taxca L ri< I
t Ij-h, liy nraoaoding direct to Rudi k, fid the Eimiosuu) and
ir-t Roea, ujj to tin (_'hin< ury. ul'tor which they
would pom over tin- CbiboarU plains to too Indn>. ami Quwoe
U> B rithont (out'hin^ on tin- M:ilinr:iJHh'. i rril
ttadoh coo a] i b< d mm Ktili -nd HandJ by 1 1 ■
tIw liimilii'lui Paul; and going over the liiilcHhii Plain to HdnlCj
l-ut i .'il.ili.iiii.il • liTitory. Tho route tv.i Budot
ami Polti. though cm-uitou*. lias nuiiiv advantage Oter other*,
i of which :tro — that w 1. -n:--, and wat.-r, m.vi ■
al-1" Jit i that Ac rood pose i over no rugged *nd
-tuiwy T:m^.'-i liki- il.i' S;n-il ami K n il<ui:im pagae#; thai
Ktfc from robber* ; that it loach sot only to Uchj and \..i
; but hIho, vitl Lull. !" ill" large and important city of
Kara*hahur, situated hIh-ht :ioo mil.-:- n.«rtli >.i ■? <<!' Ili-hi,
h »iili numerous other plaa -■ of uotc,are oocapiod cntirt I]
In ETJIn :.l: Tnrtiira, nnd am on the high road fron Keahgar ami
llj to Pekin. By (lii- routes the highiT-valttod l rt&rfa&J thaw]
ucm.I teuperioT to the Chingtbang), which is produced from the
gemt found in tho Aktas or Thion-ehon range of mountaina and
a variety of itker merchandise may be brought down in large
for tli. Punjab and Englnfa maxkota At the preeent
tunc then is en excellent opening for csporta ftona In io,
I trade between I nine and the Maaoxnedan states of
ral A i.i !■ nt a t'omjilrir r«tnnd •till. Tin Mahomcdans,
being great tea" eoneument would >riadl\ n-r«'i\r Intuitu
4ea which would probablj be very romunorativo, vUk the
Kihintk- inn] olln-r 'lartaiK wmild lr (wivlleat CUfltomert fot
rhich may be seat to Klraahahor mid tli. fiti»-«
By this route Dchi may be reached (ban the north*
mat provinces of [lindoetan, viz from Delhi Rohilkand, and
Meerat, t- Gortok for Gartopo), lot SI W, lorn . 90 Wt and
. lat Kl 24, l< i • Id 25', via Almorah an I the Kid
nd ftTuMoorie and Gangotri, oror the N'flang Plan;
both tl ery Eeaaiblet especially the Nitl one.1
If tin- aavera] moasaros BUggeetad in the proceding para«
i i- aj j oarried out, not oalywonid the tauu with
Ifl Kliuiau I *aJ iufiimiwl iliQt lliere wto I gmi >\> m»nd fur !.-a fJoOS
llie >l«i-j'jj;i- uf I lie li.iilc wiili Cliina, ami thul (1«- pvopl* of (lie o'linirv irtnill
fludl; purahMc Fndiaa tees, if obuloablc. Tho inbiibittoti nl Klunun nrc grri-ot
rlnkert. All who *»ited m#, ricli or poor(uJcvd Airacnef Isa, vIllBi i«
4n»k Willi nifnr, lii* I without milk. As j rnaik »f" n-ipcpr, ri ciip of tfi w«* ftft-
la mr bj ihtf Khdn of Khvtao bimwlf, nn m> ili-*t imenicw wnli him,
( k form ofirt is I'M.-feired to vvrj oilier.
i If^iti-.li an, Ktiari n kvllll ■ llM If inwr, lat. 81* 10 '9
long- • n fikleh tiio Biaiiarajah taootrM a n vi-rmu t-f U». M>o |«r uumui,
14 JOOBOK'j Journey to flcht, K/tofau.
I pal Asia be increased nod unrooted, btrf tb ■ advantages, in
ik political point of view, until. 1 bfl roiixidr-mhlc. ii.-c it would
Hocmre a ready market bi the products of India and Qn I
itii, .vii-1 .iHV.nl \is (i ln-Hor kn-u |< dge of the countries north
of the British frontfr r;
The Kliun of Khotaa p id* in tli< i 1 I ('linn fort, whii A i
lur.li Mini - .ti-.i-t- (if mi inner mil Bboill 20 fed higtl
mid an "iii.-i- Qua of 5 feet, with a ditch onteido, Fbe hon <■ in
I in fi.it. Including the khiQ' * dw« llin:-. jut nil ijuili of muil an 1
wmici. tin- iltiors iind windowi being of latticu-work (vnn lib
in Kashmir). WMlst 1 WBA in Rhofun, a mud wull,
25 fe#t hijjh «nd V.0 feet thick, mu Imilding round the entire
nitv of Llcbt Similur wulls ore ulso .onMrui'trd ut -In!.*,
riulini. and CWmi, their object beui • to secure the inhabitant*
(»t tin-rio piiu*i*K 1 1 'gainst noden attack?. Tho kh&B baa done
aw.iy with ill ill. * ' i i :i nutans, exoepl thai of keeping
watchmen, who patrol thoatrooU d4 the fori and city at night,
and mak * ,i peat noise by striking; a hollow piece "l wood with
:i rtick. I !>■ baa also retained the Chinese instrument* of tor-
tOIO, vr/.. llw nu'lc, vli pin I \>< ■■■v< u ; the trend-mill,
and another mstrnnu nt for extorting confession, which coji-^iri-
<.t :i wooden bad covered with thorp stones and grnvolj on «
ii 4-uljtnt is made to kneel* while a log: of wood ia laid over the
knee^orntM, thereby ounaing nxcrunlalmg pain. Hanging and
blowing (iwuv from guns an the method i ul i-apital puuishim ■ * t ;
gallows are i tooted in uriovu part* of the city. Flogging with
b toother thong i» also largely reaorted to; man aaoo
b big Boned indiBcrimicatelj. The khan is trying to imp
tlir moraS of the [attar, which were none of tho hart during
tho tiino of tho t.'hmoso, i .<< n tin nut of their coming into
Turkestan without their hmilieej and keeping the women oi the
I luring ray stay nt tho capital of ELhotan I employed myself
in axl adtng my researches, oy making a haaty journoj to the
town of Kirtf, sitiiat.'d about n> miles east oflichi. 1 rode
there in one day, on hows posted for me by the khan ; ftpeol n
flay thor>% and returned on the third, baring meanwhile l< it 1 1\
■ in Elchf. 1 aloo ridtod the site of an old catj new
Uraiu.'kiUh, from which briok-toa id exlniuinl, I expern i
grout clitlii-ialr in tAm .it.ou. to the FUD polo-
Sat for <!< tennfaring the latitude of HchL The Id iff, l bough he
(I no objootion to iiv using the plano-taMo. i Kpre • •• iii u
-..-I' decidedly opposed to my bud ic astronomical observe
alb ing, aa^a on, that hu ooortion oonaidered thai it might
be a p* limiruuy u, tin. country being token pwwnmiwb of by tae
Johnson'* Journey to Ilchi, Khoian.
16
BritWh QoTerament In imh oquencc ol ttrii bfattraction, I hod
pedienl ol locking thedooi '>J die roort-vard
fronting the house I oei'iipied, to carry 001 my object "The
tract! as to my mi i to Keep off intruders were n>t e;ni\ in
«mforv*\ lis my BOtlotU mfffl I loi Ij Watchod, :md the IcMiV-
nero in tbo habit of calling to see me at all hour* of the day,
aiwl iwj li « • j ii -: , 1 1 •. al night Afirr leaving Ilchi, I wn nol
•bio to observe for latitude at nay uther place, save San u.
where, by the happiest chancy I put op in ■' In-um- with a large
bole in the roof, which ii-ln it t»«! <ii my oiwn tag with thi BJneb
. Hero, too, a* at llchl, I was obbged to take tlie
• ■!' locking the door. lSinIiny-poiiit observation! for
lining heights woro token at every halting-place, Ilchi
laded,
It v II (, I,, ..in of pl;i to 1 1 1 - ' 1 1 1 i ■ • 1 1 thtit, km tin- ..■
occasions 1 was asked by some of the natives < < 1 1 - "
Y, and take posscarion of it in the name of die British
. but 1 explained to them that i bad nol visited
tn in any official craraefc r, bill simply as a surreyor, nunc
nous of information as to pnssna .ami
ay politico! objects I bn ied thai the
Yftrkondeos, Kiedimirees, Baltee^ Tongojiaefl of Y&A i A
oUks towns and villages, had clubbed together, and eollod
ttuee lacs of rapeea and kin presenl fir mr, if I would
only come on and take up the governorship of Yl 1 1" y
wen* tired <if anarchy, confusion, and •• nstairl worfkn idth one
ler, and oppression at the bands of the Khokanoos. The
of this *nrn of money mid r.ftVra "f piw-rmrship were
presented to me in writing by the l.w?g of Kiurfar (pnrgnnn' of
cand). Ilnd not \ lirkand I" • n in rt liisturlied lute, J Would
visited it hi die course of mj operations to collect
forth tttion; btrt the country and city were Pop
to mo to be (Hi ided, and held by Ihn i n panto parties ox (ac-
tion* viz. : tst The old (.liim^o sort and cfty by the Trnitniueua,
who arc Mabomodans, and were employed 09 paid SoldToTa by
I i iihi wl.mri (in) iiiiiiininl iii 1868, Thceo
I m< i 1 1 tbo country, btrt eos&e from lb
ocar Lb ntlni h of china Proper. 2nd. The Mahomedan
iimn anas held by Kasbmirees end Bsltees of l-k.inlo, from the
territories ol Mahoi They hare wWcd in
Yirk-'imi : erforthoponxjeeeof tradff,
and the latter, being agriculturists] for the cultivation of the
■ plaut, which thin have brought t- i.-nat poifivtion,
3rd- I utry about ui oit] wo I >b occupied bj
lit... JvhokauLta, whp^ on being pressed by the Italians, ucscrtca
1G
.IoiitfS0H*S Jmtrnoy to Ik/ir, A'hof.m.
■~~i
t
their own country, and, through the aid of the QabohflfrgOTOrDQi
of KiUh^ur, took possession of the eountry of Ysrkiiiul. Fruin
my inquiries I am of opinion that tin i ■ « * > \ « ■ - m Vm
VOIJ liko those* of IC^anmiy, — a servile i.i«.'. rou.:Untly cou-
i|iirml and oppressed bjr the uefehbourin
The Khafl m Ehotao, at the anal interview 1 bad with him,
nft it entrusting ;i Iett>*r to me for Hi* FhcfllfflC] the VlO WJ
of [ndia, together with the presents (fburhoxsef and two pain
ailk OarpeUX ll'l Of which were deli\i-n <i .i;vr l»y inyrsc Ji" to th<
A^'i-I;u;l-Srn!;iiy In I be I r<n I in nun I of the Punjab, asked tut
■ t.t the British I tovotnm* ol I i Bend him assuttanoo in the
shape of tcoom annv&&j and said that be would supplj
and provisions from hi* boundary to QcU, imt mat a*
1 ttOt ttffonl to pn (!»•• troops fis hi*? rnnutry was |H>or;
I10A1 wr, proposed ih.it. onr 1 mvorumonf COold n limDUSSe
tin in selves by annexing the <ntu- of Yarkaud, Aknu. &<.■.. t.<
which step I"- would render an ■>■* aflristanca A* fores I could
observe, ;t Beamed to ma that anni . > i> « i ammunition, with a few
Mink -initlia and tool* were all tin nwit« iki! .u.i nod^l i..y thi*
irnntlly power. With thoea, and 1 1 > * - loan of some native oon>
■ ■miihii,* -ji.iH .I ofticetS to drill ami discipline his troops, kIm nr<
accustomed to warfare from their continual conflicts, the kMfl
would be enabled to repel aggression, and preservo the iude-
pi ndi di i i f ''i i i-i ritonaa
Before talking my l.-avi- of tin' kliiiti \u< pr< - - > 1 1 - *« : mo with a
yellow Im i na .1 dreai of honour, a Ytrkand |
and a carpet. In return, though In* objected to roj using the
$-inoh theodolite lie expressed a grout desire to posses the in-
unii'iit. I explained to the kbefl thut,asths arms bestowed
l - idiot wen the pn port^ ol the State, bo the theodolite In
y ohargi wai only entrusted to me for a gircn puipo$e, (•■
enable one to carr) on my duties* and thai I should be tnsgra sad
if [ returned without it* and. would incur the displcasuro of roy
superiors if I parted with the instrument. I also madoihe I
una i ■■■!: ad I h it the theodolite would be of do »iu<' to him. As a
OOmproinJN-, I took upon inynelf t>. tender two tolaacopte, the
Inopi -ny lit' <iu\crnuifnt. lor hi-* uoreptaneo, anil in my
lehalf mi allowing offering: -A douUo-borrcllcd nil.-,
d revolver, a hog-aldn saddle, a aot of head-etallfl and reb
pair «.i epaulettes, which 1 had provided myself with in anticipa-
tion of needing to make presents on the frontier, fix ooontrj
swords, stationery to the amount ■ ■' 15 rupees, a supply of gun-
powder, Bliot, intil uun-i-ap i-loth, mil Other trill u -
aiiiclea, To Uie Kl an Bailsud of Khotan I presented the cus-
tomary nnzar ol the c ttyj ^.:,: ■*> kurus,orWy rujioes, and | i
JOVNSOX'* Jonnwj 00 Itrhi. Khotan.
17
his mm nn escort duty with me on severnl 00 *eb to the
umoiiTit ul nb nit (hi. i i n(
thfl (ill Of Oct >l it 1 . : In i ;i ifey Off BEEt6U lliiVK, Jllltl
i written promise fa m me to retoni to khotan, if pcr-
d to do no, lii'- khaii allowed DM to take my *1- jiartni* .
On leav I tiit travelled along the hi".h road which
to Yarkund to thovillego of Zilgtt, at which piaei 1 halted
mj liagi^ige for three days, and pushed on by post-horse* to
i il til mlngi and towns along t no sarnorood a* far o> Ltlk,
ii tbe Y&rknnd Uarrtorr, and about S0 miles nut of the eSty.
Aft^r advancing into larkand as far as it was safe for me to
prowl. I returned bj the sanu- route to Zilgfia, from wba i
prooeeddd to Sanji in let. 87* 3' 57", and long, 78 'J1'' 80", ul.!
crowed into the valley of tbe KAlAkash Kim;. \>\ the AWdagut
or Sanjii Dimin Pen. 1 then followed tli«' OWW • if ii.;; i
marohm- u]» it- rieht bonk fi r four daw, to the Maharajah's
i-liousr.,1 Shadnla, in lal 86 V 15", tad lonj ffi .:■' 80"
On mv n Ltto from Sonjxi to SbidoM 1 passed Boveral encamp-
ments of Khe*rghiz shepherds* on I'jtlin Hide of the Wall
Ptboe. These people are difficult to deal with, l*>iiig noti'd rob-
] *L e tn< | insisted on euminnig my tot vain*
: lint, finding none, they permit ti-d me to proce id without.
forth ;■ n a, on being entreated to do f, hog or
raoi of .Smji'i. who was ordered by the Khan of Khotan to
nptray mo «8 far oa tin Maharajah's boundary, f«>r tho pur-
oi insuring me e safe passage throogi] these Kln'r-hi/., will
i the beg of Sanjti b on Mend J terms, owing to these
shepherds visiting Banjo, occasionally for the purpose of bartering
their sheep f'-<r other noes of life The Kh&ghis are
Mahomodan shepherds, and are to be met with in fin mounteiiu
t«f tin north of K In itj»n niul Terkand, and in other parts of Obi*
tral Asia. Thej lire elm fly in hilly traeu, when mod pasture
is obtainable for their (locks, and aro distinguish" i in m other
men of Central Asia by thru' wearing bhto-aad^wtdta striped
and being always aimed, generally with matchlock, sword,
anil dnfrgrr.
W'iiil. b « Uing over ihc- route from Ilehf to Zilgia and
Luk, this portion of the ranntryalwi apjH-arvd tn mr to ■■<■•
m nd.l: the plain of Rindostan, being a vant plain, without any
mountains in sight. I >u leai ins ESilgu tor Smiju, I. for the first
after many days, observed the lower spurs of dua Kiun
and "' nesting Banitl which ii ntttsied in a
mnn.vl ly at tin* foot of these low hills, I almost
.i I v.;i ui. tli. 'nad IkU-ii Futt* hp Hir and Mohnn,at
if ill-- Sewaiik*. Quitting .s.injii, and proceeding to
VOL. 3UCXTH. C
lb"
Johnson '$ Jourmy to Ilch\\ KhoUau
the Karak;Uh Valley, tin- features of th»- UUU&Uy Badarwi
lata change; ben no Iwrd ground vai to be .m'-d, but
rugged mountains intersected by di.-vp narrow ravine*,
oily near the Wulagot I\w»s who* tho baXIi tta ••> ale
\;nt'u ai t*> be oornred wmIi bum lor tin- neater part d
year. Tho lost portion of tho routo to Shaduld is particularly
EbwMitt, baing bbewbola way up the KinLkfab Vatkr, waka
wide and oven, aud shut in on tit lor rule by rugged moun-
tains, On tibi$ EOUtfl i notioad numerous extensive plateaus
near the river, rovvnil with wood niul long gnu*. TfaMO 1 icing
within the territory od the MuLarajuh of luwlnnir. OOQld easily
he l.rnu^l.t liiuli-r cil. v.'iT.inii l«y l.aoiikcai a&d • »t li« •: s, if tllA)
bo induced and i aootrnqjod to do ■» by the Kftahtnit
GrOVenUnttlt The t<aLabliahmcnI of village* ami hubital
on thin riwr would be important LB mony pointl rf viaw, but
chiclly in keeping the route ojien from tlic attacks of the
Kherghiz robbers.
1 rriiihr.l sIk'i lulji on tin- I6tb of October, and iw detai
there no hw than twenty -four day*, the arrival oft]
coolies 1 had written for to Loh. This delay in tho arrival ol
tin- ni'-ii wiim ramscd by the uiixcnrriaga of I he >cvei..l li M
had forwarded to the thunedur of Ladak. During my detention
at Shadula I employed Bonalf in ascending several Irakis both
a fust and waat, tor t&a propose of iketohlng the eoui
I al»u visited Khfrghis Juagl* iu Lai 88° 11* o". and long.
77 ' ui' :;n", and otter plaou on the Kogttr routes to accon-
Sli k which i had to trav.l nvrr a harrcn country, by the
Jierghiz Jun^if Pa^. to the «■*«■» nfap ground oj uwl Dam
Tins plaoo ie named mE&k irghii Jangle " ban tba rircuaaatanoi
of iu having baas froanented (bnnorlj bj Kh&glus. It is
now visited oeca»ianally by Konjuti or /[11117a robbers. I
should have axtandod cay xplomtionsin this direction forth r.
but was dotanad ban a ing 90, through fear of meeting the*-*
iol>l>< ■.-, who \w,-r reported ul that time to U- moving uiMiut
Ibaaa puns. 1 saw a knga party of them on one oocaaion, »l a
distance of about two mil* 4 tlirongh ■ telescope. The haujuri
robbers (who arc not *di<j>la nht) 1 j« in mil 6m -aravans at
Akta£ and Kulanuldi, on tho kugiur rout.-, and oarry their
Captives and plunder to a phuv culled Slmcrilriil. OB the nort!
Of th« Kardkorain. Their fastnema can only In* anproachad
Kul
rulei- thi'M i-iii-iuii-lunrr-. mid not wifth DO I nin tl •' risk ot
.liuilUIi.
by troop* operating ngaiii>t tbcm titan Lktig and
beinjf takon MpfciTfl and loid as a slavo ui Badakelvan, I re-
traced m> ^te^l^ to Slui. lull!.
I finally quitted Shadula tor Lcli on tbo 4Jth of November,
Joikbox'/ Journey to Jlchi, Khotan.
19
• np ihf left buck of tin* EhtkUh Uiwr, and
tfaon west Dp tii<* broad and open valley called Sukrt,
iii ilic bead of whii h I ofoaod tin- Sukit. I tiwin ran by an easy
'1 ■■■'■t it. and I- • li-'-l t In- undulating plateaus iMwooa
thc&o ■' I ' .wan nnd Karalcornm passe*. After this I crowed
tin- Kariiknrum Paw (Wiuhi 18,31/ ftjj also by an easy ascent
uii 1 descent md lii-'ii followed down ilia dow of t& Bdtl
Rjirint* till it joined the Shook h'ivrr, mi the right bank
of uh:ek Guiwhon w Mtuatcd. 'II; ft] fafttflM of the
country travelled over since crossing the Banjti DSwin imIm
barn-n hill-; and derated pluteuiw, iU.*stiluto ot bU v> fetation
and water, from the utroaiiM bring frozen at this season of the
From Gapahao I continued to march clown tbr right bank of
■UcnU B rer, which joins * stream from the* Sanul, up
which 1 ascended, and, crossing the Sareil Pass, doaoondod to
ill!: wllii^i of Chin^ling in lli-- wrll-kuown valley i>f the
Nfobra Iviver. I thin proceeded dimn in- lilt bank of the
Niobni River, M the rulages of Pauirnik and Chati, to the
Sheok Biter, tfhioh 1 enma about a mile- above it* junction
witii the Nfobni etream, and not proceeded, via Khardoruc
Village OTnr tin- pn>w ol tin- wmir niimr, anil dew-ended to I, eh,
which placo 1 reuched on the I i l December. This portion
.i .ins ciiriHiHU of hij_di snovn muges and deep raUflTB.
n Loh 1 marched to Kashmir by the u*ual road along
tht* Indus Barer, via Klmlalzi, Knnril, l)ra.% and Smarming,
and reached Srinagar on the 19tn of December. Winter
having net in, thin portion of the journey waa disaCTconble and
difficult. The whole of the country between limfl Ytirti and
Srinagor was under mow ; the Pros Pass was covered over with
1 of mow, which lifting franb, rendered travelling so tedioua
and tiresome that my party was benighted on the pass, and
nearly perished from baring to sleep without coTvrtig ontho
enow. I and mix of the natives with me suffered severely from
fori bile.
After hilling a few days to recruit ourselves, and to ttnttUfl
the party to get cured of the frost bite, 1 lett fcrfnagar for
Jlo-iiiiii, via 1 iKDiniiilhi, Biil'Ii, and Mfrpur, tin* nibi-i rout.*
i.* m;: r-liwvl. Tim; being :i long route, and tin? entiru country
SrfriiiftJir to l$ii\di Inuiht under snuw. I w;i.i not auk I"
reach Jhelum till the 25th of January. From Jhelum 1
marched down the Grand Trunk mad to I'mballn. and thence
hr.4 Doon. which place the camp reached on the 28th oi
February, I
Aa regard* the geology of the portion of Central Asia visited
c '.i
20
Johnson'* Jbwwy to H<-fn\ Khotan.
by coo, my knowledge of the snbjed in vnry limited and hn-
uerfeet, but 1 tin- following m li I J- i
.niinljA . — Between the Chauj»ihenwo and Karakiuh viiK;
•Awn- iv ■ to lit* found *-l:iy- -I :i : ■ -, shingle, ind (JUTtO, also 001
■.'lnnirniti-a containing total thelli oo the uuterehods of 1
throe hikis mentioned in thi* report. Bet. wet *n tii-*'Kiiruki
Bad Btrfojg4 Urn Kinri Lun RUDffO run* almost ml and ntet,
having a greater full on tha - > u.h than on the north [fa lugs
■ran aw oompoaod chiofly oi gnuutOj qnarta, nnd ahfo
while iii< Ion spaa of tin bozoc tange, which run down aln
imi\iI!i'I [■ nothor to the north, enlist of -umUtono tind
ii.ml i l.iy - .■-]»'! tie- k£] of 1 in- ploDM DOloW and to the north of
iln-if spurs from lurid to Sanjti is a mixture of Band "'"1 day
Xhe eoontty betwaea .Sanju and Koramldkjilga i* lib thai to
tin- i m ii Hi nf Hrinjgu, while that between tin* latter plane miiI
Smidulii on the Kuruku£h River is eompo-.-d Eaofltly of quartz,
fMuiitt-, slate, and Jungle, Tin- "round between thi Bnkil
►iwiiu and K;uiilo>ruui pn- •:<"*■*. and down to fiapahan, OOHflbtl
chiofly of datt and shingle of various colours, conglomerate
being sees In small qmnHHaa A fom bed) AudlawanB Grand
by 'no immediately below, und to the south of, th»' Kdiakoram
! 'iim hud .m'usoii.
I would im-nti.m Hint pair* »f the men nl tin* Native EsU-
■ 'l'-i - /,., — Nur lin.\ and Emam A11L berknntla//-, ;<iid
Matiiilln. liiinjvmftii (the only native; of Uindostan With I
did eioellttri verrioe, especially the tirst. I tnu*t nlw> bear
Uwtimony to the ^'reat assistance wbioh I received from Junta
Khun, the Turhiduni interpreter, while travoUinj m the pro-
.!■!■, of Onti-nl \-i;i. All i lie*? mm mi, m can ire fbe imagined,
hud many nod trying difficulties to eonles I witi . and I i^pel
may 1 1 p riiiitl'-d tO UTZfl their eln;in>, and to nn imurnd that
tin* t i of the nut iw* establishment whom I have referred
to by name hi- n-u.mli-d with a gratuity of six month*' pay
Mob.
y survey was based .-i. three pn : i ■■u-U-d^ti . nuim-d Trijro-
etrieaJ Stations on the Kfaa Lnn range, and was executed
with a plane-table, whieh wus set Up on position*, mostly high
biUFpoaka, whioh an partioulariBBd in the map, from whence I
sketched all the ground in view, r carried on tho pluno-tal
from Day Mai tin" Btationa to Ileln. and then round, pit INonu. bo
ill-- vicinity of toe Maharajah's goard-house at SMdnla; bom
horo to tin KdnUcornTii | . | ■ !:-:. i i 8 of six murelj. . <>r ,;"
ED l< Bj ax thfl CTOW fliea, l would w dlnudv Ikivc i-urriiil lorwaid
my jiliiH I ill; i r irieal station* on tho Kuni-
koiaiu, for (lie Bakr% not i»nl\ I do lehui" lln eountn, but of
Johnson1* Journey to Ilcfu, Kfiotan.
21
verifying my work, but the winter bad Bet in, and the intense
cold rendered it impossible for me to use either pencil or brush.
I nowhere attempted to take astronomical observations for
longitude, but I determined the latitude of Ilchi and of Sanju
by observations to the sun and the pole star, the result of which
agree with those independently obtained by the plane-table.
A trace of my plane-table sections, together with several
routes in Central Asia, about which information was received
when I was in that country, are herewith forwarded.
Dehra Doon, April 22, 1866.
n
Johssox* Jmrmy U> Ikkt\ Kktfc*.
fsttl
lllp|
fjilfl
lilll
- ' - j I
- » c a
Lis -?„ = -=*;
:-:
- = —
**5*1
^ = 54 = = I 3 I21
I £ 2-S = - c
fill
ilJhiiHi
PI
III
* p
Johnson'* Journey to Ilchi, Khotan
23
fe-SS
OrStJ V i* S"0 **• rfW *-9 *C®
E-8-o 5^ v£ p-H 3- * m
KHSte
:s a rf»-a
3*5
Mi S
,S9|
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I* jpJ*H ** if *** y -
Ii*jr*i2j-B
-I *
1
I
24
»ri Journey to Rchit Kfrtun*
Johnkos'* Journey to Ihh<\ Kltoian.
t
iir n
— -6 •- * « « * £
,5 2*52 f c §
C 5
t= ° _ ■ .* 3 j*|
^s«
1?
d*c.* r5 «i c.g
M
IOBmrf$ Jwrnq to Ilchf, Khotatu
HI
>8S
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JoHxsox'* Jovrnty to lkhii KhaUm.
27
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28
JOBKBQtf* JtMmty to Itchi, Khotan.
By3!!
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Sfl s 51
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ff 5 3 , ! -
$ = *-£.= -
lllfll
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3 - & = ~ -
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Johnson'* Journey to Ikht, Khotan.
31
mmi
SfijE «
fJ.3Esa.sl
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Johnson** Journey to Fehi Khotan.
i
1
ill
Hi
-.3
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8£ *•**" 'M
c- --J- * ■ a
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= 8.2 1.^ =
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Johnson'* Journey to Ilcki, Khotan.
'•I 1*3.1-
HKftfcl
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m >•* — a.— 5
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JOBXSOX"* Journey to Itch', Kkotan.
i
I
9
• • _- b *
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fie II
i ■ ; 8 1
II
;;>«i'MSilf:
IljftJ**i!£L
5l*tf E= " - a
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■<S9f ifk.ii
:*3*£1
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Jobsb a '* Jem mm to /Wk/, Khotan.
35
-' - I I .»
■ * : l V flfn
^.•"•fi *"•- 3.* - - Z
3
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(*-£if all! fc
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iiiii;
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JOHN80NJ Journey to Iieh!% Khoian.
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Si S£ 3 5 * > ».ia v
Jcs.S«-3s4-=-£>.aC
ill
M
*i «/<tttm*y to Hchi, KJtotan.
N
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Johxsok** Journey to JIM, Kkotan.
t3
I
t
I
H
f£ 8
iiiiffl! hi
■ ra
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Ml
^_ _S _£ - -
MM
Km!*!*;]?*!
s MM
isilliiiiis:!
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lip!
-
8
s Jaurwy to I-'chi, h'liofan.
»
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k lis -2 s
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i
40
JoHKSOX'/ Journey to IlcAi, Khota*.
Johnson'* Journey to HchS, Khotan.
41
| tW o g i
sllfr&S
a = :;£■£«_
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fell*!!!
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fliilifll
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Jamsort J<mrtw? to lickh Khttaru
m
hi
*«ljf*l
■-i
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Johnson'j Journey to Hchi, Khotan,
43
» wo tlH a ft,
lf=a 3 = 3 =
iilfll;
Ills1!!
J*.S-3*«J 3
\%§s 3 ^-- *-c
c 2-5 £ c 2 *
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Dtrivci from Native Infonaalfoa,
a ir.
— <■* *
•fl* .-
°3-sg
Li-Muds
o _ fita to
-,■2 i * *
* * *
3
1
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44
Johnson"* Journey to IlcM, Khotan.
Root* V.— Saxju to
Kabqai.ik (debited from Native Information).
N amber
Of
Mirche*.
nut.
E*Umal*d
DtiUnoain
Mile*.
BmuBi
1
a
Sanjuto—
Bfiri'.. ..
Kargalik ..
48
19
Pus Bitorgdk and Koihtitfk Tillages.
Town.
Route VI. — Sakju to Kargalik, via Kalian (from Native
Information).
Sanjuto—
Kalian
Blind..
Bishanik
Kargalik
Route VIL— Kibia to
Chachan and
Lob (from Native Information).
Kiria to —
l
Usalun laogar
..
16
A pc*t-house.
3
17
Village, 50 houses.
10 houses.
3
KomrabtCd langar
16
4
Khaddlak „
>■
20
Encampment and gold mine.
5
Akmiran ..
..
17
Do. do.
6
Kukmiran
,.
16
Do. do.
7
Egar .. ..
19
Do. do., and well.
8
ChAkalik ..
..
17
Graziog-ground.
9
Chdchan ..
M
16
Village, 500 houses, and cultivation.
10
Encampment
.*
20
Shepherds' tents.
11
Do.
,.
21
Do.
12
Do.
.,
18
Do.
13
Do.
.,
17
Do.
14
Do.
.,
19
Do.
15
Lob .. ..
20
Village and lake (large, with fish in it.)
Johnson'* Journey to HcM, Khotan.
45
BOCTE Vlll. — ILCHI TO SHADUT-A, VTA THE HlNDO TAK DlWAN PASS
(from Native Information).
N'omber
of
Mucbea.
Place.
Evtlmftted
Dbuoceln
Mllaa,
line AUB.
Ilchf to—
1
Largong .. ..
15
Village.
2
PapGA .. ..
16
Do.
3
Olgui
15
Do.
4
Mitak .. ..
15
Shepherd encampment
5
Chach .. ..
16
Tillage.
6
NUsi
19
Do.
7
Karaz
12
Shepherd encampment.
8
Puthui .. ..
16
KhcVghiz encampment.
9
Mazur .. ..
16
Do.
10
Halting-ground
24
Right bank of KArikash River: after
crossing. the Hindo ttik divun Pan.
11
Do.
20
Left do., do.
12
Da
24
Left do., do.
13
Sbidali .. ..
28
Vide Route No. II.
Route IX. — Malaksha
to Kabqalik (fbom Native Information).
Malaksha to—
Vide Route No. II.
1
Kafalung .. ..
18
Encamping-ground.
2
Imbulgar ..
18
Do.
3
Kherghix jangle
24
Do.
4
Yangi diwau ..
12
Do.
ft
Turfgil .. ..
12
Do.
6
dot*
15
Cultivation.
7
Tuihft .. ..
30
Do.
8
AkMatfd.. ..
22
Encampment of ahepberda ; crossed
Tofii diwin Paw.
9
Eogtfr .. ..
18
Village and pargana.
10
Beafcturik.. ..
16
Village.
11
Kargalik .. ..
14
Town.
46
Johnson'* Journey to Hchi, Khotaru
Route X. — Abukakar Fort to K alias (from Native Information).
Number
of
Marches
Place.
Estimated
DUUaceln
Mile*.
Prw.py.
Abukakar Fort to—
Vide Route No. II.
1
12
Encamping-ground of Kherghix.
2
Bostan .. ..
13
Do. Gross Kalian Pass.
3
Chadartash
16
Do.
4
KaUuTum
9
3 towers and post-house.
5
UpeUak .. ..
20
Village.
6
Kalian .. ..
25
Village and pargana.
Route XI. — Yarkand to Aksu
(from Native Information).
Yarkand to—
1
2
Achtaku .
Lailak
10
14
Village.
Do.
3
Maioak
14
Do.
4
5
Alagak
AkmartUa ,
12
16
Do.
Do.
6
7
Shunal
Ldl Masid
14
15
Village.
Small town.
8
9
Charwash .
Tanshoki .
13
17
Village.
Do.
10
Chadarkul
14
Do.
11
Yaka kodak
12
Do.
12
13
Sogat
Chalan .. ..
12
10
Do.
Do.
14
15
Saiortang .. ..
Knmbash .. ..
12
10
Post-bouse.
Village on the high road from Yar-
kand to Pekin.
16
Aksu
10
Town and fort.
JOKKUOH** Journey ta Ifchi. Khobm, 47
Roctk XII. — Yabjcajto f" Craw BUitfi lyronKATtos).
:.Minl.i
K*itai»u-I
or
IT**.
M»un« la
KlHAOU.
M...,
■o*
Yackfcndto—
1
Kukaribod
19
Scull to»o.
1
IS
Do.
3
Yjuigisbahar ..
18
Large town.
1
Kttgar ..
IS
("iivftud fort, Kiiihp&r was a miill
tBOi Of China till ih» l»u» ft»brl-
Urn, wlicn it lurjiiriv iiid*'i>
■ltd ha« »i" "fcrntd by a
peru* callol Khoji Mint;, Tb
cm, winch it tiiuatod en the road
from Yarkand 10 Khokan, i« Mid
Cm nu:l:i;i: SO, WO 1 1. h:t tlCuiIA. Slid
it much fm|urniml by KhCryhix
plii-plt. r»U from th«- hilli to the w<ct,
TJ»c »". • i i DorUd to bo i
ano, anil th» Chine** ar» tm.t to hmo
held the place againit the Mabotoc*
daiu fur thirteen wucttu ftfW Yar-
knml wu •urrrndcrod,
OtTHOOfcAPJIT OF NATIV8 XaWIB AWE* WORD*.
Tin followioK rules iia»r been otacrrcd iu ai-cllini; tin: iiatitc names aud
word* which OCCtt Ea tbo forrRDiDc |<nrwra» • I'lonn of wvll-knowu
pkta, fffcoM orthography, *> wutdiBuod by eiutoat, bit b as ftdfamd to: —
The firet towo! wnnd in mama will bo indicated ;
ThO VOWol *Ou;i 1 ir
The natal found of
in
<Un
tfl
t»
dm
ii
:;r
n
fvU
f$
tvU
n
fume
n
ripe
• •
fiui
I
n
i.
0.
O.
H.
31m Uttat r will always bo u*oi to iudicnto lu toft sound as iu centre; and
V will bo employed fur lie hard sound of that letter n* iu </ufc.
48 )
II. — Tit* Physical C ■ </<■■>/ hy <t >).l f'/, .,.„/, nf the (Mony 0/ WiiaJ.
By ROBEBX Jamks Mann, m.d.. r.u.fi.3., F.R..V.H., Superin-
tendent General of Edoootioo So Natal*
ifenrf, November n, I8G6.
The Colony of Natal liee on the Eastern Coast of South Afti
It iw uhont -nf> mil*-, hryan.l tin* Cupo of OOOd Hojn\ nod IX
included between tin 27to and 31st parallels of south latitu-l-. .
Ii i- >i small lands baring an area nut e.xc.eediug one-third Ura
■rot of England : butltOOOBpiOSa Tory iui|>ortant ami interesting
position aa bi ing I tie focus and centre, and therefore the typo,
of what I'r, Livingstone, ami other*, have Iwmed "the Kaffir
iii Smith Airicjin . limate.- It Las a sea-coast of 150
mill's trending from south-weft to north-aiinr. and looking «>nt.
into the [ndiao OooaiL 33m low, or loutharti, ball dim
i n 6 "I mountain* lying parallel bo it .'it adieu
Of about 100 mile*-*, and tlnia fonnUSff tin- oppoA* tt inland
frontier of the colony. Farther norm tin's mountain frontier
bends back into a kind of hollow bay, with a shnrp angular
coil v, wm. Ii is 40 miles t'urt Iii a : i « -n i the sen. Theao-e..'
mountains are, however, properly a ledge, or stop, rather tin d
ii ridge. They arc tlio hrst abrupt doaccal by whioh the mam
centra] taUeJand of the gnat continent KuUnidea toward* the
sea-border. The (ace of the step, looking towards tlie colony- i^
a bold and lnittri-s.«<l wall aareral hnmli » i i foot high; whil.it, on
the other side, the abrupt barrier make* a wry trilling dip 10 the
high plains of Basuto-Jand and the Orange ]' < Bree State*.
The crest of flu's lodge w generally between ."000 and tiOOO feet
above the sea ; but ita higher peaks and jage rise to between 7000
and ik'OO fivt. The iaIihih1 inirlliern rnriier of tlio cohm),
where the Bufl'alo Hiver comee out from the inland mountain
froutier, LB within about 200 miles of tlio southern tropic. The
entire 1 fflfl El therefore suh-tropieal ; —that is to <xy, it oo»w>«o*
the leading character? of a topical climate in o subdued and
plrviMantly softened degree. In actual rim the oolony comprises
17,000 equiu-o mOoi ; or, in other words, 11,000,000 of uertw of
I. Mi.!.
From tho salient point of the Drnkonborg Mountains, wk
the hairier begina to retire to form tho Imy already described,
thrrr- comes forth a subordinate mountain ridge, which crossea
the middle of flu colony us a lugh central buck-LM ur.Mn ii-li iii 'j
iHirth-eaatward until it almost strikes the river froutier in that
" S*« W11«on'« Papur on « Walcr Supply in tbe Buio of thi* Ur»ng« IHrer,*
* Juumal,' ml. xucv. p. IOC.
S Zn],
1*1 "4
5 c*.
£«/,;,.,.
■*•■?
-T--
i
1
:o
*
__ i .
Map
COLONY OF
L T A L
nr thr ftiprr try
ilMniiu
p,^ Mil,.
*.» »'
A.
U-
\
M \n B on tJn Physical Gnyrttphy, $c, of Colony cf Natal 49
•in. n riii- ridgi i^ Hi I -iT.-d towards tin* sen, and between
ivci drain down, 'J how ere five lingers,
;in<l i fou main grooves or man which are respect
known ai the I mvoti, the (Trngeni, tin* I d&1b4 tad t&a Ilovo.
Tin? cstremil :i - of the lii lm in an abo ipW Into yet nnallor
■; -. out of which i ■ »t her lesser rivers. Farther
aacwhat ftimilar state of thingi ii oooliaaod ; hot the
main ridges there eoroe direct from the Drakanbarg, instead of
from b oondary affix t. The chief ridges in tliis direc-
tion in- between the Qmkotnaugi, Unuaunkutu, and Umtamfuxne
• -, but there are alio subordinate finger*, and rabordinata
othat there an altogether about Bft) distinct rivere,
■ gmitll. ojifniiiM nut r.ii'li by ;i r-iparate mouth
[60 mike of coast Tin travelldi \Wio rides along the land
wttr in thfl ooarn is always eithai cttmbtag up out ufn water-
<>i r|, • n ii;:- intO "U".
The i oast is o^ erj where comparatively lnw. Tin re the hills
ranp.* from one to three or fbor hondrad foot hi height Oa
-idea of these hills ami in tin- *allr_\» Is in- lastwBi n. iQgar.
i-.tw root. tmd m<Kt ui hot plants ox tropical habit ana
titution. ^rou jind thrive. Tm* roa.it eonntiea of Victoria,
Durban, and Llexaodra, are now the seats of considerable
■■ a tiv.ty. There are now Bxtr-thioe sugar-mills in
operation in thnt district ; and the j on last there wen
prodnoed in it 7U00 tone of eugar, 62)000 pound* of eufteo, ami
113 tone of arrowroot. In leaving the coasl tlw ridffei of tho
land rice higher and hii*lu»r. until ;<t the ili-.tamv "i ?o uulesi
sea, 'ii thi mat central baoMwne abend] alluded to,
t ie main ro td li< - ■'» WO feet, or rather more than one mile, bi^h ;
and t is summit* of the surrounding hills have a still Loftier
utinn. In climbing tins kIopa, Ami tract where sugar and
• • ean be grown, and wheiv tin- pirn -apple- and bunana
ripen* w left at a distance of about L6 miles from the sea; and
green hilly [«wtunjg is entered opon where eaitlo
ami herseo thrive* and where wheal and onu, i 1 i •■ potato, ami
the food-crops "»" Europe, can be advantageously
d. On the tops of tho hilli of the oentral uwtneu
i are hum Im-i'ii inn-! ii iin Innt. ;nnl lining rvv.-dingly W'i'l).
[n tin- rear before last thora wore in tfatal, a round numbers;
lOO Iiuul of cattlep 170,000 ilieap, and LB^OOO howea. In
■ tat tii" oorrect meaning oi then numbers Tiny be i
hended, it must be understood tint tin- hind ho* only be»
European settlement forty yean, and a British tependencj
San corn and tobaooo grow i'v<'rywhen', ImUi on the cotu»t
I and in the uphiuds, iu the utiuo^t luxuriance.
•Ml. X
..
50
Ma» m the Phpieal Gwtjmfmy emd
Tbe northern division of the colony, which lirs U:jn*
jr^*i rmtral hack-bone, a bene* dcaotnd tl - am!
% a one broad watershed or baatm. coming out from
the retiring hay of the I>rakenbprg alrradr alluded V\ and
t»rmc: rtt *4n-arrm all gatbrred together at tbe corth-ftrirni
fnititirr of the colony iutii on* common o m**L
which thence run* thrvmch a c*.ar*e of about 70 mile* to thw
ir*. ami '» knrmn a* tbe Great Tngela liner; a in rutin i
ntral l*nnch of these upper tribuniiiee of th*
I till mllrd lii-- Taenia, and ootnr* oat from tb«-
liriin.' at I >raken!» i
*i;ofc thai • ■ i t pcrpendjcalaj
tnliutnry Irrarwrlir* uf tbl* nater-ayatrin an- tbe M<*ii
r, wbiob collect* from tbe couth aloft" the nnrtbrrn elope
pT*-at rrntral Kirk-lorn- ani River, al
collect* from tbe north and u there tine froiii
in npa-anl contaoetioa of the Grn I l ..■ la. This northern
dbUiet w tluw a rlwiniUiid ftpace, included Mu<
znotiBtain-fork and on eastern river-fork which touch at I
OB contain* thi- N>-4-a]icd Upland
Counti»« ol Wwiy.'D, Klip Hirer, and Ncwca*tl- -.
confluents wliit li !i I ti Dnfialoaiv
I i el un- ii:-- Sunday and the Klin river*. T\u> oonflncoti
v,i. ■ f. 1 i- - I ■ I .-. • - ii T *i-
Krano, and the Little Tugela rivers.
Jand in Natal from the <vik*t, nl
i Kiiii lim i>! road, (he ;. who lias climbed lew 70
, dip* down into ■ bnwil bfl loec not ivoecd ec i
in i,l .: llg all Ibe ■ nflili ii'-- nf tliis rivcrwid
tm k tb berg. Tbe hflle ii
I 'i ifc nl ■ rg, and re*-
more elevated grounds of the w ntraj back-bone: toward* the
rco 1 1 . - mil j on oommrstiv !> low, I
mbared and mnn. Thin ii mi much tli'- ra»« tli.it at
i. .ii towards the month "t the l-ii-liirau - River,
70 miles t" the north of Bbxitzbarg* tbe orange ripens as
•crtlv and M i n tSe eout
A very interest] • ■ Ivcd
in ll: ■ i i defafl idem of thcac two normal An iNionM o
oofamj d NatuI,— ihe Kmthen one-riTor baain, and ibeCcotrn]
I in Tin- lii i , ii n I! \u- renembei i
tbegraal retiring the Drakonborjj frontier ; tliooth r
hangv upon tbe groal anlieoil angle of the Drakenbor^ whidb it
!■• Loldh ml into to colon; as .4 ImI*
ii< "I *uid I- «!' !• n I* id' 'I i .I--. . i:'l !-■ Bridelj ki -i ii- 'i
jnuim:, ■i,i obji ••' ii the lunikcap ondei thi m
Climate of the Colony of A< 51
■ " The di ' >: di position of the Dnfcen<
i iln- obTmus rjuisi- <»f tin- oonttniti The ini
j I I -■! the I trakcotu rg in tin r. poo of Uu n tiring angle or
baj pbi d all yi w tu ooni
■ common I ■■ .1 • i ro gap* jnM huge
:i Ibi 1 1 iters of the basins
The backward bond of 1 ib< rp n tin-
oilier bftodj hi d turban idgoe to
ilianl poi ii I i of ;i )i ind or fix*
Win i mountain i t f *•
! i* n n\- ■ ." -i i iuid I ■■-• rnoi tlied
bo grent i : i bonds. l-:.«-k\ Ihc rati r-i ■
■ Hi-is- . and lli«' in.-:->\.s(«in iiHiiiN-nii.iitltrtl.
iroperh bul tin as i of tho great Airiean I
ard i tli-- •... M J plan of Ibi
earring ol M* rim i- rib mm in itwi rdi with wntordra
the wo between tbo nba I nl b oae place tfa
Ian I*- is wmi irUul into n ftigzajr, iind i burn Ubo ribo have
. in tli*1 hollow of tl irti -ii. and
>m i! c !'■■ on in-lit points. II qi e Natal
ha* its piv.it northern baainof i1 niiiin-j i« ;
■1' tl.c .i it i '■! lit- •■■'!<»»] il : i i 1 1 r ; tOd itl I ■
[ct ft-inged by flftj di*ti >ih< I
i<l«.
central lii^rli bark-bone nf tin o I In tin I
I h -r. ■;: I :i it u.. I »untioeof Afaritahnrgaiulth Umroti.
i i onaf portion of the fingem of this bad bono npone
: i jiimI Durban. The ioatb ; 'f. which
Ii-* borond the ■ cntral Lugbland. and which maj
be ipo on of u , co»1 rfi
<M«€* oonxty of Alexandra, nod the l< tied portioa «'t'
ITariUbui i '■ i .'. . il :d which i- bajond tlua (Tmknmangi Kit or,
b. i. n lo p w I' bain to b ereotod into a ditth ■ t
Until loat few month* the large River
inLiiJi. 1 1 irnkanborc ' • ' Btroam, was the ultimate boun<
of tl • I < .il b-wi it Bui now ;i c
beyond, whicn waa a portion of the territory forowrly know
No-nunVland, baa 1
and title "i Alfred County, and tho Frantiei on (hi eoaal
■ 4 <m to tic l mtanifiuDO River, ti iJeeding
ukulu -i'i rvim nine. lii- frontier hi the high)
opper |>:< rt of thin No-znaaVls sfl ifl bald bj
: A Inn Kolc. wild litis .H.'itl<-<1 tlu rcuudfir tbo ]
■ ' '■ »ty' Ii tYiniinta p,
Thron l" i;t tu ■ - olony, th< am d rid§ if the land
be "i.i .ji-;'..
V. k2.
5 i Mays oil tfa Physical Geography and
Hi* m ll [grgi it manj-rivared svvttin, arc all sn d am!
i. mch, d i gam and again. The land Is - raj where, indeed, one
biom oi rolling and divaricated bills, with countless ra
and witeMtroaxni running botwrrn. TIiiwr hill* an* higher, and
mi -t -i I v. id i open greon pasture, towards the central back i • m
:.:,.! tnwanlM tin* mountains ; mill fhry Jilr ln\\i ■> . :i n-i ti >r llir
most part bimlwoviv.l, towapls t\ following tli<
niiK ; ; intricacies of ili» *e ridges It i« ; to go
{ton t,)t- -«u to tin- uiountams, almost anyv ire alon
ihed, without crowing a wng]<
this Indeed i« what tot old Dutch Boers, the pioneers od lbs
land, Imv- really don with tl>>ir main linos of rooda In ■
Other direction i!>' i- onnl Inually crusoung uiitrr-t-iiurvej,
couch as he doc* in moving parallel to the eoa&t mur th
In the uplands the highest tops of tlio mountains, and ilu*
boldest ravines wliioh dr..-ni<l from tin m. are filled with s
...ill of rvrr^Ti'rn timU i -tit . -. Tin' l»i *>ti- 1» r villi
many places covered with :> thin sprinkling of thorny iniujow
oi am.aU -;/><-. Koch of the scencrj of the uplands rvsembloi
tin- high moot eoenovy of Devonahln*, with the pr noipaJ i
taoo that th land Eo mi i ,;i more brilliant from luxuriant
imwiutt' during two-third* "I tin* vrar, and tlml ii
an «'i> •< grander scale. Much oi the river i
beats 'i" equally striking reseiiiblauce to some of tin iiu>-*idaisft
..I' DftrbyaiuMi
On account of tin- steep gradient of the land, aln-.uly all
tn, tin riven of Natal an Dearly overj whore turbulent and i
Tin \ null aloii", llii-'Mi: h rli.imi. I- rw-u
den «»t" g ;>. or pavemented with brw
! i ami mi -ii -*orf
hand red Feel from liie
column* d 1 1 | ■!•, uiid tJ
through gallimaml nivinrs pin MU»l»Ji*r.
thai :s o
<n by a diopctmrf c
II- :i i.1 [• •! it ■ v . • , .. I- ;. | ..
if,
■
_
Cfimait of the Oobtm rf BataL
M
brawl and 4 r> lagoona, Cllci with water that !a often bti
the bn mag ol i!i- eaa at higjb ti !• ovar the Baud-ban,
UTgor rivers, the 1 u :■ I . ti, I'mkoniAagiiAlldUl]
kulu. i mi nil MfUN'ti>-, willi iiurlml nand-liars, bu1 witfa
uid loop hm ugu ■ it tho PA88it£o of I
nf (i burthen* Hal the mouth* of tue rnenpela an*
iutricate :t i I : nil il. v small *>oat has 1 a
d lato the I Bilconiiinjri, ami rtoinc slight wo
tab i to Improve tin entnncw oJ tl u rxvar.
Thi gr of (Tata) ivro nearly everywhere moulded
in granite, trap, ui uuulwtonts. Them m viiv.l rock* am rain jli rj
.trieablo confusion- The trap oontinQally broake
ihroni Wei rocka, and especially tin' *onl.-ii i..->, and
OTcri m Taat swelling and Bpraading • The ton
..I- -x(<andad surface* of bare taap-rocx,
iionea of the Kama materiel, •oomingly
aapaialed from tho general inoaa in a douai-plaatie rtatOj as
r-v >rri.
Xho Klip Hirer (Stone Bi< ir) takej d from pa
through Btonj district* of this character. The • I are
|> i. Kiircii, uiul grooved through hy tho river*. Some
of thctn an* of the old large-grained Silurian r. pe, in n rj 1 u i
naaaea; ■•th. t* iimw the ckaiaotef od excellent building ir
8tooc8i Tho peculiar table-rooantai&aj n well known at man
of tho Si milt African districte, are i iol tables of SQuriaij
«, UK) or 60U feet thick, ao broad, n
op in. buttreevca of granite or "in;-, which dope out from
beneath the tables as grats-oovered ridgee. The perpandienhu
faces of the sandstone tablea oro baie» I arizanially^edged rooki
j. vi-iv brilliantly m the rays q( the dawlfcifig tun.
Th-ao tttble-uioiuitains look down into grand ravines and vu
many hundred font deep, with a mlvur streak winding awaj in
i ci-ii
10 u
mjfht for miles at tbo bottom. They are. however, piain-n
■ ineral rysl >m of ridges, slightl) notched out, or jioi
■ !, from ■ i the rutins. This ifl wall iliu*
I in ill.- rav -.1 tin vi i> I •■atltiful T.ihle MoimUiii. I tUC I !
nm the cit) of [unriuburg towsrdi the east Thi*
Mountain i.-* uxnply the termination of one o ibor-
M biuh c imc ■■ town from |he ( lian !,'*< 'axtlti I
>. iuhI through the lino range of hills looking
ajiou HnriUbuifi from the north, lyinu in Ihe fork where
the Umgoni Itiver, which lies to tho north of tl.i> run^o, i«
"ncd by iti tributary, the Umaunduai, thi tip \ of Afl oty of
of the rook f'inol.it.ioii.i of th. I.ni.l, the grmiit' :.
OCa, arc in v« rj ia.ii!\ ului^'4 uuwViA wA
51
Mans on thr. Pfiysirai GtOffTOph^ a>\ft
mid \ •• '.vhicli
•rvlition of true
i is instances, nltnori ness in*'
Kw bard nad mads "t the old formation
im in their lam disintegrated bj the agencj ofti i >hrn\
und of most energetic vagotabto liiv?, and 10 tnuisarated
mora or lest fertile d soil, not onfreauontly rich in Imnm*.
The shales are in general 000 for building, especially foi
construction of foundations laid beneath the btouqcL
Aj« h "•• 11 eel rule, the Kmuitwi and gin i-- ur most fcs*
qui niiv nithin n> or 50 miles of the coast, und shales and
liforotu sandstonesj perforated and overlaid bi trap, ai
iiiu-i abundant in tho earthen] districts, and especially in the
:>. n ..t tho Togela. 4 ipeofoi of amygdaloid or clay
l»»r| .!■■ ir-.o not ni itly associated with tbegr&j
d Sihiritm Bondftoo
Troe limestone is very rare in Natal. It, has bean found in
ctontinnona ma*-*' th the soil in one or two \
<\ instance near the sources of the Blew Knox, m the
ooanti 0 Weenon. But within tin' b« -t fi-w luonthi a
it bod of ■'; tv II ino Limestone, in places el
rivall 1 1 ■in miiTbh En excellence, has been 1 on
tho River 1 Ensimkalu, partly in the ne* lifted o
jnrlly in Vli \.un!r:t omtflty, and with ID luilfci-ilu/.-'ii mui
tho sea. Tbi stimated to cover an an tof2l) quan
lnilr-t in c...i. a, and ■'! "in- spot the river passes b
prod all "i" m hits maxUs 10 10 fiwl hi >■
ThfiTO St* vi ry large deposits "I* line l-;tuinin«nn poill :n
ba ! 1 ol tin I'll;1' 1 1. This coal has '» en s» 1
places wlu . f the rivers are c it
through it : and tin ■ w- ■ ■• iin-v pus*. »m<1 rill
ii t:il;i> nwiv iiim th'!ii ..Mil ;i II to tho bill
iu the toiroa The bod* ire of ble thickness; but
% has not 1' ioA Carboniferous shales.
u Hi quite the lustre and aspeel of foal, and uaadj 1
bj i» stroB -i. croj I is other phta . 1 in tho
l iin.ni. .nul on nst on Inn Umhlali, -40 milra to llie north-
east ol 1 'iir'. in. Ironstone c 1 on ditia 1 1 %■ rv ubui 1
ectioi k I' i- dug ou< n Qoaulai ra
toil <>l n\'-i .
in M -. An ore found in [Jnivoti county, al
malleable in it- crude status boa buen known to thn K
ong |" rfodi (fork id by them- Fine 01
*i>]»[m 1 have been also <ecenth Ihooverea Dear and beyond tho
m mil-.. 1 frontier.
The 00a d 1 ffir thw moul pari rotJc-lnMtiiil. finn
mat n itli eaefa other in fun
Climate of the O/omy of Natal. 55
it to the nunfti In pLi
■ Mn|;l.l 0 illiTMiitr with lln- POckft N OX tillfl HO it.lt «il iIim
i :nkii!n tln-n id i mt boAtttifnl tract afoohnuu
i. Further south, in No-m*nVW<l<iuiw
i poimti , tin r*i in oni i i whore tho granite
It the roelca ad the blnnd oJ Ji 1 1 jr. I b
. i ity ol colour, and intersected bj wall* of hUei
bnanlt. and pniwint a wn*y bright and boantafed appofl
when tin ni"i--i<r,is i- breaking over Liu in in tin* almoal tropical
ennehine, Cu wadei ■ ana oosusonly axoped into
bollOW »nd hiiMiis. nlil< li .ir<- lo pi li!!'<. by tin- 1 l- | □
.!-. inhaliitod b\ pigmv edition-* ui ■ .is of welled
M'llluvs,— < "f/y)*' i , -V. \u$o$% Mto ud tiie
1 BXtmil6 si.iitli-wi'sli-rn hounuVrv of tie O J
uM.itii of the Dtatamfunaj b
btiWOm it am] t.hr I'ni/.ii.hji, (he BGCOnd mmt U-\mhI. there is
i- bed la ben witl
a I i- I uiroh • * . 1 1 )■-• I ta the i i innitzin, and son-
Uimng Brobditftni^iaii Musd--*. probably of t1"- gi aua 1'inna,
2 and 8 fed I- d •. [1 u tgv ta ub|> .vjhl. t. -■ t tl;
out from the matrix They ran onlj
... h ' i o i I thi uroakot i tn I bo
ifil Tho ll -'.•■rwM lanriiiiilcti -tnu-i u ',
like that of the ZnoMmoMit od theohaUd Al Ion nmtorfl to
i.iM-iii. ntuclded with khi w lb i !■•. - - xpo i 1 loagthi b
! Id a linu«*umts eeemiiiL1!^ * ► t the Onlitii- [*"ri<xh
id bay of Natal ie od< •»!' tl;-- m< -t mti-n ■tin; |><e .,- -
tie young colony, and is remarkable u l> ino b
Uiiii-Ii-clifxl hiirUn j hundred miles of inhospH
r%MMt. li i-; ji Nutdlow tidal nunn, about 4 milai long, with
<* it t charm eJ . and sheltered to the Bouthrweai by a
grnml bluff and lull-r, »o iiOU feel high, and t<> the
•ondHMUt by a low dune of blown land, which m thi n i)
li iiimh ill • i nttance of th
h of the Kiv t I riijr -Tit, n distance of nboul \ miloa. '1 bfl
iJluii . . if hiiri obvioualy i\ vm former time boon an
inith b !.;■!! itin |y lnu.'ii U i h R
Uiaukxi, und leave* there a> tolamUy broad toa*gap, IThi I
I .'i.il ilit- S,'.!i'I--pii a]iproaoh Dachothai Etoxb oppoaite ndea
at a brortii than ft i del into
oh i* ■ i ■ n ■ . I ) I b 1 1. .eni-l-.ir. ,
•.in* of to b rati e drun tsto tho :
i -li: i.. n. a. i .ly dm i * the influi an>l *-fHnx "t tin
lu thv lur^'r Jireii of the bflfthl. '1'he tn).- and Culls CI
and * i-nit-iil..;-;el dry at low wat r.
i iB «l'-ei> channeJ juel withm tiui \--
5G UE9 on the Physical Gtographj and
lion of the EfinfE Ships of 500 ami 600 tans1 bturdra
) i-ilv nt times of high lido; but tha abject tDfldtamAtfi
Ht* of kin lliii'-vi uiul ill-huinuur. Works, under u plan of
i tin Yeteh'n, vi -i in iimi'iiivil BOBM 1 1 ti n ■ HUM lO "tfVjP"
i .-it .! t h :.- Iwir in a logo ontOf baam lormeit
IVlllll-'S hdfll] Willi htnlii-. < hi mI' lln Jiiif- ItuM ttlM'ti'llI'
aboilt ft third of I OUl« into the .m; but tin- w.rk- :.
of tempomij suspense^ on aoooont of a dimYulty with the
contractor.
The interesting point, phirsico-gcogrftphjcally, in connexion
t it. it altogether an externa] nppeni
so to «|teuk. after-thought of Nature. Inland - «t" 1 1 m Ui»in tli
vrSds this bai k thai
ji One imu;'i ifbrohonwcd billii i tha Bens), StK) f«rt high. This
i il riotuq the old and proper tin* of coast, oontii 11001 with tha
1.1-r northward*. I tut tin* oooaVhilfa bom the
■oath (the Bluff Hflls) stand out farther to seaward, an
this; n i 1 .1 .1 gap. unit- up-n t • the north-east, 1- left between.
A ship in the Dorth-eaet, I niQsjs out to wa, "tv the mouth of
tli< I il,/. ii, looking south-wi it* tI. would hare the month
of an o] allej formed bj the Boras Sills on the right b
and tin- Bluff mil 1 on tha 1 ifl band, I" fore it The month ol
bhu viiili'v linn been barred by blown sand, except jost undi 1
the point of the Bluff, and evan thore the bar is oont
niiilf-r wiit4*r. Ihfl Ipttei within und hetiVM-ii tin- two hill-
ranges 1- now [hi tly -hnlliiw miTi-r. and parti)' n ilry land
1 about -" foot abore the lovol oftugfa water. lh. - -%md-
flnt is the little plain apon which the town of Durban bag
been built, and tli la the land-Ioekod harlmur or
Imv. The drifting along of t'"'- *aud in thr- -i-u-.-iii p 1 .
rolling of the breakers, and the overlapping position ol
Bluff 1 1 ill. ml. hoTO pi i'in.ill\ i--.ini in tin to nation of thi
harbour, with its imv maty outworks and barrier*;
Thn-. then, tin- colony of Natal is. in the main, an inclimsl
of hind 150 mill*, lung, with n pmdiont nt* I in To. |i
out t - » tli- AianOeean,in parallel! of south latitude n
tl'o]iir;il. She rapid slope anil rmiMiH'liihlr • lontioil of [KII
of the land conifer upon it * ii v ■ 1 of climat that 1 d
tin pitrtimrtious of temperate and tropical regions of the e
to bo muses ftillj reared. Bnt this doe* not oonapli te al
bur* to he r> << tr<l"il in pnuKc of its climate, Anothi rco
follow* from tin- iirnui^iuen! of this land-alope, I taking oul t •
the In. Imn Ocean in nearly tropical parallel*; the laet, namely,
i
that the land is abundantly Bopplie*<l with water, .nul ilmi
grantor imrt of this atmndanoe talis in the season of summer,
rather than in tha aaaaoa ol winter. The ^ti-viii^ ni Nntal
mi rei dry uj»,lut they are swollen during the period of greatest
CUmak o/ ih. ( U mg tf Attftt 57
boot; ami at thotr Lowest daring tlmt of u*roatoet oolil Tho
MniDK-r in N : Nuoa ok frequent bonv] i ■ still
morv !i- mi hi to id : h '' 8 (fed hfiftj Q0V02 u-iiih.t: tin- ulm.-r
tropical oerconea irnicb it would "'In-rwiso do in such does
I bourl it.nl \,t the ip)]"icx. Tlio Rtiinmor boal I ton pond
L|joratio&i The irtator in
WOilll i- :i IPJtf f Jihili^l ciUinIiihT v-niil :i:nl .Inn -!iL-
tUnfe I bi ■ l >n' ll\ lli1 Opp «tC '1 v. mm -■
Gape of Good Rope. Tho summer there son of icarch-
■ :■_' ii> .ik and tho wiiiti'f tho Baton of Wl
ooM. Ihu d won for this ramftrkabk And beneflceol peculii
bus now- to to cxplainwl, nnd tho | nl-niiy itooll followed out
-.ill by tin light of deductions maaa from oigh4 rear**
tilt -in K of i In- netoorolo bnrg.
Natal lies in a region of tlio oartb that ia nfttarallj within
tin* influence >»i" tho great iouth-ea*tftED trade-wind sot cd the
rt|-i]nTc for ai ii u-t ;i ^Diihiili ratio portion of Ihi J
ukiural inclination «■!' tho an to move from the ocean to
• iily reinforced on the ooaet of Nai:<l bi mother
ii«ii h \'t mono consl i more powenhL The
\y vertical mi ii shine fall* upon tho land*elope '
part ^ tho year, with a fores that rapidly haate the taporim-
poaod air, and expands as it n ail ta d
1 1 io mivamui^' *ln-miL ol hmviiT atmosphere tlml
ird from the i rtel) oool RLrface d fchi Indian
• iriluetion i* not n matti r of h; ii is \
result of ili«< 1 1 ol oration. Poi instau . durum L096ovonly
rvationa made at sfaritxburg [sal y.w, tho wind a a
n from tho joq 820 time I ■ U to tke Boa li;>
time*
Now, whe-n tli" bim iviul cooes in upon X it || from the broad
Sweep i I Lmluui < li'i.-ui, il i- m hnl.-n uitli |n
nearly ru mneh invisible rapoar ai it can cany. With thtt
baithi d if Jong upon fcb landi and ai ii raahofl it glid -
up and up tho -!■•. i he • 1 1 ■< d da cribed l Lei n wi
fafli ntado on inland journoy of 70 mil sand I mil higl* It
thru Uncle [(-••ii' fi 'i.i from aboni a sixth pad of tho load and
■ which ; . i wo :ii'n«l''Vi-l. 1 1
iro it ••xpaiiiU. mnl booomei intrinaicaily
rarer; and boing rarer, it ta incapable of mpportu >riginaJ
bunli n "i Topour. A i 'i or hnglji the rapoui ii.-t g&thon ai
then tU-i<'fi- ai QloodfODd dnall v depoata as rain; (ho
tng uccompaaiod by oloctric il diMnrboncc and tUun
Aflor a tiiuc* tliiK tlistiii'li:in<,»" aa dnini the ait of ill i i Inotu
: io tli.'it tii' rfl olfiaVBh nn»l the aunHhiw; ran
58
A I \n\ <m the Physical G<cgrcph\f and
Ha fen d ■ ■ i of aflainia brought b
ami - (.•Min^e i» auuni riitrlvd 1 1 1 1« ■ ti .
Muriulauv, if tJ olony, stand* about two-fi
of blu way Dp the Hope, 10 mike in ft direct lint" from the
and 2000 feet high. The obaarvaton at which the met
; i- rrationa wen mad id placed in 2U 361 l-'S" &
..;.-: iiml :;o r 84 -V i longitude, and in 2095-G74
ebora tl.i ( ii !••'. li- ii -<> nt Durban, which ii iiwtaboye tin- b
water level of the ten. Is hEaritaburg 40 triundi ratornu occur
daring the aix hottest mont I y**:ir; ami iightn
tl . i inn ii' nr ut h.uul, i> *<*< *i on im othm
Thu«, during this wason of greatest heat there are thindi r-
storms on nearly oocb third day; and during d coneidc
pari of the Reason thorn w rainfall on conn aeeond day. Fl i
iiniH hot rammer bent in Natal is so remarkably tempered by
tho oombined influence of the .■■■n .nul im- tn .
watering. Almost aft rj day In rummer gels eloudy aocn
iMU'ii, and tin- clouda > i rood tho *ky ana screen tba
pOUud until far into rlio ni<_*lit, wluui l.lio dej olootH and the
atare oom< forth. I d!l*sh on Ilio exception* on , to be
In i . .lit rr alluded t". when the hoi land-wind blows in force
rammer I impexntuie oi Aforitsburg dooi not ri o above 8 i i e
tf Fahrenheit's heot-ecale, [tithe last yeai there were only
twefo id whicfa the ienmenUoni row above W .
Tin hi; !i' ■ ;. tin :iinm, Ull'l tin- Lam t n SnpCl ".il u : I I* of I
month for the -i\ hottest months of the year, deduced bom
oli 1 1..;). u.ji, .. ]<.-riod of eight consecutive yoars t«
anting with i 905, were: —
U*lK*t. ','.,. Lmi
Oatote., .. M«0° .... Ita-**0 ....
n?'2 .. .. c7-t
7U-4
Jtatu v., .. M-0 .. .. 71-4 .. .. 51*
Kobn»Pf .. WJ .. .. 71 -s . .. 6S*
h .. .- «S* ..» 8W .... «rO
It will be b • d here t!:..t, although tin- -Mmur tern-
liable to occur in any o"f then months, the
n of am one month never rises Ln 72 ; and that tho
rung* of the nirim for A months nooroely ex
5 degrees. Fha mean temperature foi the m sumim i mn
, i :•■... Tin- night temp rature in these months rerolj
i i ■ ind novo? gowi boles I- .
in thi rial thi the «un afajnee with lees intensity npon
andpUtd consequently the nxinjooa eir-cun I thi
pherfr Op l-t lire ISSS Violent. A *T"!l'U -- : -V i)nl l.l.iWs.
bat win wind i* men rarely bivken by thunderstorms. Only
< KtJUfe of fhc Colony of A'ataf.
n
ten thnndentonm i ritzlmr^ in tlio -jiv unit'
..:; j r.u -,■ fal] at ''■■' b pn i g fcnd end <'i the **-
wm vvliM-ii nurt |H- baked u|*'n aa perioda of mnaltirm. It
happens that aa H i- •!» of frequ
inn, ''•'V' I'i'J't ia tin- mHuon of romparotivaly un«
ban ■l.Mti uii-iii!i. . iii tl t ICariuborg only
ne«la)nsof unbroken clouJ during the six m> i tha of winter
■inliLor.' w. i t]|it"'l
1 i lay, l n I i I bb tune being ■ ■*•• "'!i ^,;"-
ahinesroatl) preponderated over aloud fiu nth in wis
I u'i! [.:• | fOQ >'> "i plondOfU IO0O ill<L: '. ll it
bo not dear from iii'- It trisoD^and that 1 1 1 « * temp injut*
r.ij-i'ilv t • M.m.-wh. ■!■..■ Iti'tw.-m 70 and 80*y fO that Only light
ran In- worn in the Slidd i> of ■■•■• D kfcll | ■• 'i "1. To
tompcunturc then Talk bo low in tha evening and at nkrht, M
t i make « wood-fire plcMonti although ool ai tblej t«i
healllu aad hard? men. On the oonel ;i iii*'' is not lit, i xch-i
wring, all the year round ; and, is many pi usoe in thi i
. i •.- 1 think <if ii Bra
g apartment*. Ind nib is thi oolony
4 to build i n< in- without Braplaces; although I rale
lii>-li wflJ certainly bo departed Eron u the
Iihy. La journeying ut this t oil* liim-
|i in iii', M.'Mf.'ti w:i'_'j..ii( :it dnrk. in lilimki-t.*. imtl risefl lit
tbe Aral dawn of da) to \\\A him-.. H i < nialh m Nature'*
Bret bj ''"* time iii-* open«eJr> Unlet end bi ll ri a n
ni-iif ■: for the I'li-iootae of tho daj ai unpletod. Thy frc« b
cool daybreak under onnYtisand the a I] banking in ti,-
t ray 0 ri inn, si tin- u-n\ ilour, uiv
tin |';--;ninenl »l ■!": its of a NntaJ n
The i igh ■•-.*. the mean, and tlie lowest tenperatarai of i
nxontt ham 6ha
i \ ui mi;-, id' i ■ ;-!ii rxinMflButina yi era, were : —
li i i
i
April
.. *'J i
■• >•
i.i-.-'
■ ■ ••
■
.. :■ '
«• ••
..
June
.. 1
....
■
no
.
.. 1
S
....
. . B
....
■
.. ..
J4-W
.. D
. -t
It will ii n 1 here thai ll anth in the winter
in wli - emperatnre u not liable to riiw to 78°f and that
el the mi an oi those i is i stoadi td nenriy
10°. Tin' in''. in tumjieratore oJ the ooldesl month In above
n. ti i.i i|.i ..-.r ire foi T.i.> -i\ (nnt«i monthfl a 59* I , On
*.h • nenrer t nigh i tture only just Opt below tin"
;i^-j>oiiit. Ju a period of - tsXox* va.
<;»
Mass on the Vhjsical Gtoyrnpfaj and
Maritebnrjr, hu.t Dol] I • i n nVOtiJDo) below Ertcsi&g, OIK
of then live occurred ao thin consecutive nights lu Kfa xaani
of July, L884. In the last year there ly .'iirht dajl
(faring tlir six ffiutOX raOBthl 00 whii li tin- t- ni|HT.itiiro did n«'t
rise to 00 : only twenty-three nighu on which tho tei i]
fell below W , /mil imiv (wo in. -iii on which it tell to !
One direct consequence od tab coincidence In Naiul of iht*
|m n< , |h id v th the period of greatest moistm
roadorful luxuriance with which the land is clothed.
i)i< M-itor tailealoin.' tin v> i in>;nih'*< n <• to Natal, ho find*
liiibsrli nddenly i ncv. re^imi nf .■ - i
Imprsetion made on the I Spa o lanist, when he first visits Nutul,
j- oimoel roariahh akin ><> lhat which is exjKTionced on ^
raddi nlj into* wvfMcepI cardan. Tin' same Fueling ix Hwaki
in ad< [Jmrimkulu, near the coast, into
(In- i'M tei ritm > <>f Si tiij.
Xhfl extreme ra&go of tcmrM'ratnro, during ei^ht your*, wii*
limited t> 68*60°. Fhare ia oooeid rabl ntude, an
tlii* ficisutude, iiul. ..!, rniirh of the hodlthini -« <>t' the <'ti
ledoOi Hw froqucnl relief from grcathout makes tb
lii"h RUIge Of tempernt lire much mun< ft ilur ilili than it
bo. The change also introduces en olemont «
in i. became harmful under certain circunrntancw*, that, uaini Ijr,
il niter exposure of the living frame t<- :i bigh temj
teases 111 Natal occur in the cold ucriot) following on
great hart 1 liuv*- no doubt thai the so-called Nats] *orv* are
produced by tho depressing hfcfltii &ce of chill, operating ujf»on
CtttftMOOS capillaries tlmt have he. ii rihuiuted by long sum.
rluiiiiltttinii. It I.-, a ■•■ mii: n u v< in, irk Mint 1 1 mesa aiuon£ cuttle
i* ;i|it tO 1"' I'lixli «1 by what »irn called hca-miHK Now thi**C
occasional Boe-reitw are invnrmhly connect I with cold galas
blowing in from the ocean. Tin's** rain* are not ordinarily
u .i:i:i i-. hut. they aro chilling. 1" in not unworthy
of remark tlmt this i bum of mischii i is one wh.ii h can b lai
puardtHl agniiiht by care, intelbV1 '"'*»'- mid piwwl m&nagemcnti
etioa bom chill poo qaent upon waden dcproesioD of
temperature in nn aflair that cornea qnita within the domain
of art; tho chill can be avoided by warm clothing well-
latod exerciBB, comfortable dwdlin^.s .iriiiirial Kree, and
x|H*rl]cnt* tlmt net upon bve stock in tlit« same
on. Sudden cold is more cuaily Dbtifltod t\ . \>
tinned heat
The large Tudseitadfi of temperature tells differently at the
uppoi U i .. ions of tin- year. In the summer i .""ii Uie daily
of t«'in|K ■ :-. it 1 1 i-i i inporatiTclj mall, and 1 ;tuJe
between di ) and day. in the wintei seuaon the
i 'i'imatc of If* Vohmy of X 61
y btrge, end I ntade Bob between day and
■ .t natural result ui iiit: cloudinen ol the rammer
ind afl the rannineai of the winter day. Fhe • load keen
the lis return from rising n mack aU»ve the nir'Ut i« m-
[h*mi : umilil otherwin do to the wmint The
mi iii> i ili< r iiLn«i, in pinto* lifte the day temperature far
ebore the night temperature. This i* Rtngnlarly and strikingly
ilhurtl ii tli- I "i 'l ■■ nit 1 1 h - an- i =* : « I iloWB U lOOCi 00011
paper. The winter zone i» n brotulevi um th wi\ .-'
irregularity of outline. The Bimmq BOM b 0 DaffO* belt
broken u[i 01 I into Alpine pain and int.
ve.
rin Mirun i -Miif m nitTir- of Maritriniigi Cent a period of eight
t H d4"7l ; I In* nil ':u 1 1 ~'.i- ■-( :. :i |- -i;i. nry ui' tin- year, for
. !. I ■'.•■Ml ; .,, ,| ijp. ,:J, in |oW(:, I |. mj), ;-.,| | r, | ,.,
38*l(r, The higheal i« injn'mturo thai ocooucd in this
i u:>- !<7-fi't , :i!i.| Til- liiU-i-st triii]M'r«tUrO 29*00
moan temp ratarc "t thocoasfe'distriol ii about •«•.' deer i
tlmu the mean temperature of IM.irit/ln.iL' : lmt thi**
-3 lew extreme* of both heel and pold. Ill olimato is mora
4c; it is indued yrmi-iiiMiiar. and appmaehe* la H -
a towi rdi tL< el muti of the M 3 b< impn
mii going from tli' upland* to tin- omul is nmi
like that wuieb i. ex| ■ nonced cm entering u warm and moist
oonaervatory.
■ raiiii'ull ut Muritzbnrg is very nearly &0 sin::'
dl "I London The mean fill] tori period ol i -lit yean
BO'll inches. The ereateit jearl j UI, during bku period,
m 87"$3 tnohtsj Ihii rail, bowei ■:■. h not io ovoal
i'^r the entire year as in England. The lull takes place prb>
li.-t Iin.lilli: thai li" between s. ipfc i tl .. ;
April. There an? two mid-winter mouths (Jono and July) in
i only Ki'v.'ii-i. nt.iiH m" mi inch ■•: min Ufa Rw the month,
thai i ill being distributed into I turd* I
two months before, and the two months after June and.
J] is 1-1 inchoa distributed into Sidaya. Du
summer monthi 1 inahai per month (all, ami (he lull n dirtri-
i into 15$ days: thus 21 inches out of the entire BO, ot
bur-fifths of the whole quantity] I ill during t 'no summer half of
the jeer.
I faring tho comparatively dry season ol' n ind i Ihi dew
i ent mid heavy on the upland*; hence Uio wnter-fMiirsi** do
.■ ilrv m | .. Tha riven and rtreami run all Ihi bnj the
i> Ion in ffinter, so thai Ik'^'hh n ean ode and ai -
!"■ drii »n tli i 'TV n\r ':u» that ii
i
62 M UCK on the Ph/ncai Gcof/raphrj and
iUi in:,r it- month. In the rammer season the wal
in in most of the rivers, bo that they are ioi|iug&ible * I
iliin bv fiii<lu!is. Li. i . .,-■ v nun Mf. On l!i ■
account of ill'- bzQKoo distribution of the land ami tin y
if I In- air-oarranta, thn laud is wondi r lolly wel
ro is ecaroely a sp< »t in the ool >m. i aoerang oo tbc
(lips* to vliii-li water nifty not be led bj .1 I ii
trivanoe.
The rainfjill on the co.i.-st-dir-trieta ifl about one-halfas much
:;1 Miritxl.n [ft i| .•liiclly ■ Ju* :.. t,n nta-Taini
l< in; Imiivv mi tit. i/OftSt, Slid COttlparStrri Ij I: :l.f OH tl»0 m>-
IuihK < tit liir high* r bill *tojM the*
; mats, In tho month of Jane, lout jroar, l nn
bj a aae-raln between two nmnll riwa on the coast, and il«-i.
liV tin- flood seven 'i lys, and then Bnallvgave ap the attempt
to push i ores 'l"' iwollen sad aaagorotu sUcnuis, sad
ii:n]»? my u i\ home to Uaritxbuig along one of i
i of vratenbodi Ihc rainfall on the ooasl during tbeee
;i days amounted iu !'J inches, l' inches fallitij
or bourn on two ooeasioi i
..! M.i itsbuxfe I'"1' tin -■ .1 in- - [n-iiml, alinnl 10 iiiiIca from
roaet sod 2000 miles high, was a trifle over erne inch sad ;>
[i i ! rails of this extreme chariota axe fortunate)) com*
jittiitivily mm ; :i ii.ii> u n k -i . ■ . -i. u . :n.d. jrulocd, dims)
00 ii- 1 ii. lli< i Miitli «if A|<ril ol" tin- y-.ir lfOT. h
■ : <l thai ~~ i ncln - of rain Sail si DurbaDj and between LO
and 11 inches at Maritsbur$ between tho fourteenth and
h & vb of the nmnth. I huh mo. in tin colon] si i. I
MU'! Qeanol roach (bribe accuracy of thii artiraato; but.
. n. then i doubt that the Dnugeni River n
i :.i ovi its m - 1 -. ■ 1 1 Ii its mouth, and l iirst quite
,it i ■-- iIm- . - . i ii. i l . - . i - , id .rnli.-ii in ii jii. \ t,,i .
which Durban itsndi I i the [nner I
: o within IS feet i Lh level of ii" principal b1 r to
lows, The Tongnnti River ram SO IV ii al i«.\*- it* iimuhJ Iwvet
i b roti River rose I 8 feet, and spread a bod of i and I feel
ilrrji ovi-r th" li< i' ,-. Kv< n I lie M i ■ I
. :li. i i i :..i i -: where the fall was *o much I
: b .■! -'. S&d OSt off tin •»*ui in in ii< m t i< >i i between the
city and thn port tor sevevs] days, The wa-lwach w..- ■ i
ov tttmka ol trow o id b is of n- . I . i t dowi iv the
H i i sd oxen v< re counted ut one plaee on the? I"
within a d of l" mike Tbfl th i m-rains ofthi
muccmor sssson are commonlj heaviKi1 on thn uplands Ji*n on
tho coast 'lli; is well marked at th< ole\'ation of Maritsl
*ijJ is still znuic notable ut grootci height*.
rtt of the ( ',,/,.* v of ittrioi 63
iii ■ .fay in.«I iniHJiMil <-l" nun'WI] a1 UftflUburg fa] i':'l
tonttu of the _M-.tr. esprtaaed in an aterage deduced from
-. are —
in. f i
Jonwnrv .. .. .. .. 993 .. -. 16
■Ml ... U
March S'20 .... I I
A|.;;J 1-41 .... U
iliiY WW
Jom 0-28 .... i
-i i | (>•'•:( ., -. 2
uhi o-u 5
ftiptmnb-M 1^8
i a-eo . it
4'5H .. .. 17
SiM .. .. in
ii,..! rainfall at Marta ■ eight yeerawaa--
■
..
s
i 90
i ! •Jill
1962 .. S
..
L86I
i ■■
Son total i ta< • <( or
1'0 l«l.
Tin* m. 'tin humidity of the -^h- m Moril ibarg at nine in the
ling, deduct d from .< pm-im! nf 01
anting nttiim(Ji)ii). A I tlirm tn \bs iftoraoan it wai
: unda] nine in the ewnin- *:>■! . Tho mtnui humidity
u vnti70>8°.
TIi.' u..ii:i l.iu'hi of the barometric column nt MaritaLi
. i d iV- -in ii'i-n-vatioiirt during a period oi cant me
A in mi. of q comparwoti of aigl I I ob-
by tttandord barometers zv*u* 201KV67*] foci iu (be
1 1 i'lii uf tin' uii-, itiM ('iihIdiu flonte a it Dnrbi n,
i I In hi^h-viitor lovel; the <xi^t position of the
rrator) being 2li 3ti' 13* d a. Iai,and 80 I'M
The I pading during aighl yean was 28*474 inal
lowest leading 27*215; mac rage 6n tbu period
being therefor- I Inches. The i ■ the
fci lit years is O'tWl of an inch. Then i i constant
riMi hihJ full, ihts greatesfi fall occurring two or I lava hours
; the moon 1 1 ih range >1 ftfaa ri i i nd fall U tQg
1*078 of nn iiH'li. This duih fluctuation is of
(M
ILUTOI m tk* Physical Geography ant!
on (ln> dirrrl in fl in -ii- ■• of tin- son. TIp- miii i;ir.-li. hUfOM
the air every day as it shim- down OB the eajfllAjurfuvo (ram
■ h '•! a:pM<hi
Within tin- lirnif: whioli have IkxSD thus named tic hum-
mi : \v euluiuti i- in " i Mint movement. Tl Lh
i* bnmodfetelj ■■ 0 when tho nccc Ive heights are laid
down in OUtred liin- Dpuii im|*;r. There aie little daily
billows in the Km . the troughs kh iween the bfllowi eomeponov
ing: wit U tin- i arl y afternoon hours of the day. But than
;iUd large wi\'-. varying in numliei between tiun ven in
each montk There can !"• do doubt Unit thin succ
■ waves i* dae toe eonstanl and recurrent reversal uf tht*
; ihOiitirii Wlion the gprnr.i: ii;<.v«-rin>:i1 ■•(" tii. m •■ • .
of the nir is from south to north the barometric column i*
i i | nr <l wli.-ii tin1 general movement is from north to
south Hi. barometric column rail*. Tho din ction of this
movement is not tl ways indicated correctly by vanes, because
i. i. are beojiienftlv local currents producod on the actuaJ sor>
I'.kc R !.:i li imIii'i.lI mid lu.'isl, llir ljj|;;rr IlimillKllt. Ori'i-
Kioiiully the southward movement of the air is d<' dong
surface in its fall intensity. There then occurs wl.
burn in Nulul as the"h..t wind.'* Tliw wind begin* to blow
from tlit north-wed in kh earl] morning with extreme viol
and contin greal force until noon or tho early uftan
whon it suddenly lull.-, and i;i followed by a fresh . w Lh
Daring its aanfinuanee the barometric oJlomu (alls, and the
temperature risoe to som^lim- U tween 86 and :*7 '. 'I ho uir
becomei SO parching and dry that living pUuta mIli i > * 1. and
articles of furniUm shrink and eraek in • rtn m i - the
noiaton oftlu no rinks area below 33°. This wind is aln
always followed by ■ thnndeMtorm. If i- somewhal remark-
able thai this wind ecnrei . Iy OTea exten I* quite to tho soa-o
It rudien down tome dwta beyund tin: parallel of Mi
huiy. and then enaounten the sea-breeze in its full strength
in -"mm u;(\ vli lee up above it. When tho hi It MB
blowing In full fore I uatftsburg there is generally ft mach
gontl< setting more or less along the coast at I'nrb&i*,
and .* temperature some 7 or 8 ! cooler.
^ The hot wind blows .it ttaritcburg upon an average 26
limes in the year, [tnliabli *>> occur i't even month oi
j mid win n it.; recurrence is watcho 1 1 brougu a briof period,
it does nut seem possible u> eonnect it with any certain
drtlon or law. Hut when it i- noted tor s lo tne il
it is intimately ■■< unoi ted with
the seasonal position of tl «■ ma This Is strikingly iUurti
vrbes the moan ftoqu ocy of itemcumnoc in thoaovoral months
Climate cftho Cotony of Natal. 65
of the year fur a period of ni^lit consecutive ytsra i* numrrivnUy
*xtir- I eight years tlii& frequency stands in the
following ratio; —
January .. .. 1-3
Kobroary 1 "J
March 0'7
April 0
*K 1-2
.Traw o-s
July 2«
Aujrunt .. 3M5
inli'i- ft'l
jtobtt .... .. 4-2
I il"-r .3*0
DdOCTDbcr 1*7
It will hi- si»i n Inmi this deduction, that September is the
I month Cor tin i ■ >t wind, and that it provafll more and
more frequently in Iho two mouths that pivivd*' S.mt<<nil>er.
tnd with diminishing fruqiioney in the two months t Ii.lt follow
matter; and that it is of comparative rarity iu the oilier
us of the year. It may be looked tor about once in tiio
lllfl «>f .(miliary, February, M.ovl,. April. May, and -fun©;
about twice in the months of July and December; about i
times in August and Norcmbcr ; four times in October ; and five
times in September.
The vk I. it hot wind of Natal is clearly connoctod with the
i '/.J ■ of I'm- South Atlantic thai mi I'r • jamily works
dova*' rhboarhood of the Cape of Good Hope.
ic 17th day of the month of May last year 1 1 B6&) a furious
north-vast gala burtl upon Table Bay, and destroyed a COD
bble nmnber of ship-. The mail steam-ship Athens was
rj npon ili" rocks in making (he attamiri to stanm oof Co
sea from the boy, and lost, with every living soid on board.
Nov tin approach of this gale was indicated at Moriubue
the mOTW&t&ti of the barometer six days before, and during
the height of the storm a fierce hot wind was blowing in NataL
On ton morning nf tlie 11th of the month (hi barometer wifl
standing at "28 inch-- and • tenth; from this it fell during
.in-i-f-si\^ iIhvm until it \va -^'d to 27 ilieiiri and
seAyjn ti'iiih.-. h then rose suddenly and rapidly lot (b
until it reached nearly to 28 incheeand four-tenth*. There iras
thus a great atrnosphorie hollow ox furrow I I dayw broad,
ad .il 1 1 i r * ni.stant K>i' t In- r> .n •( il i I this furrow
I h n was a north-west gale blowing at Table liny and a hot
(rind blowing at Hariteborg. I'h« enaw of the galr. tonic phiec
about twenty hours lata at Maritiburg than at TnhL B
thai is Co say, the mens of th ■ Hi buitantt teqp&KA w> \ot% ^
VOL. won T
66 Mann on the Physical Geography
travel from the meridian of Table Bay to th
ubur», o <Ii*taiw t.i S'MJ mil.;; m round numbers,
temperature m iii MiaxJb^mrg doruig the nrins of the gale la
:-> ulthi Qfib it WSS near t lie period of mid-winter. The wind
mu I'nnii (li. south-east at the bejrinning of tho barometric de-
(weewon. On the loth it veered from south-east to north-cast,
then passed to south-west, and back to north-east, On tin
Kith it mm blowing itTong bora tli.- north-wost, thon passed to
south-wesl and aonth east, anrl oo tho I8tb again burnt into
BsTCB DOTth"WSjBt With tlir I >w.-sl il»j> nf tin* liuinini trie »1it|
■tli- it irou^h north . ;,-t ;m<] north t'» OOflt
u lha mercurial column rose, Thcaudden and violent reversals
of tho nir-cum-nt iboUt I he- period of tha hi the ST-de
!■..!»!' in 'I -.t»in< n)i,i( tli.' i-liuractcr of the oyolott upon it; but
mi i.wn anprennon fa that thcea turbulent hoi wind* are rather
:.-t. ti-h ot "in1 of tho |*rcat t'orrrr. that underlie, lie-
uliidu iml tli. in tin- whirl* :"') itselC I take i« to bo tho an
trannft-rriu'- -il ah lly th-' upja-r .■urn-tit ol tho
.ttm»i-|»h< o in inius to the lower legionn iw.ir to tin
surface, and l should look fac the truo vhirlv-irwl, not in tlw
mans of the touthwunl (lowing itir, Iml in the mar) u
mtagonlfltk streams where they come Into direct conflioi
'IK.- boat and drvn--.: an m nil probability th nooidontal
results erf Ihi toutn-enatward flowing wind h&i ing bei n primaitt]
fed boa r'' hot and arid region* of E<|iiiti.Ktinl Africa, In
Booth Atlantic thr same riirr«;jit is fed from the broad
pac ol tb Bqninoetial Ocean.
I iiit' r rains occur with tho high crest-? "I lie I
'ill. thunder-storms and summer raini with tho denies*
liOBfl Ot thotvuvi ri, and tin 'i"t Hiri'l-. w itli t h.- ;■ ■ [l pr<«tf>unS.
Una, rain (alls iii Natal with both high and lea barometer
'Un tliuu'lt'i itornu bout jusl whan tho barometric oolnma
t i rise after tho bwi -t holkm ol the '!< pNsaiosfc
'I'll.- thundar-etorms in Natal arc . i great
ilttrutii-ii. r'1-.tnl.^ *rflth<T nv« r tlw hill-top*, and then
Hilly out into the rallevs. The storm for the moat,
part break* Bat in tho hills* ond than mores rapidlv off tow
be east, giving three or (bur near dlseharffaa in rapid miivmsbioii
a it md than making the rest of ite di j la; with iu-
rroaning 'Imimcft The lightning i- ■ ■ • rt • - 1 1 i.c «-\ei-edm^ i>iMiit>»
the took of the dJsehaige not unfrouuently being Been upon
l 'V.'kjjTound of the cloud as a oroad quivering ril
PamboUoId and alliptical discharges amidst the clouds,
■ li <--iaiiii- or radiatbt- fin •■■* settnu| off from them, arc not
miuMial. atllj raiy altercating streams <>r linrirontal
discharge art ung through tho cloml-capa of the Table
Climate of the Colony of Natal
xU\\\\i iiMt paniUrl with ami abw\. 1 h - ir lint tops.
- oi" t lie lightning a rerj various. It i- Miimtinit^ ol h
;. [.-' i' linn* of flu) liui? uf [.ink tOpM; MKBUH
limes amethyst; sometimes oraogs; sometimea pale blur-;
tiara Nuh white; Rod oocuSantlb of ■ dead leaden
rur.i t-nvards % \. njng tin- he. <
u illuminated for *. inn- hi >ur- :tt't.-r dark by rtusbiiiy.
.I. of the vwt etonn-cloud ii brought out m do©]
at each discharge by slows of fileetric tigBl banding forth bam
behind ltd edpe, the foldings and twist i> - ifwhiob 00 rendered
mouoofl w lini • uid uoota rf ooloared tin-. 1
of thin oharaater t-il< jiilt plus *imultaneou*ly on nix
points of the borison, end 0 atoning 6m hours at a
^trrN'h. unci 1 hiivc counted lilty-rfix llnslic* in Lhfl iniiiut-
Aocsdontei of eourtK' happ D BometUBtiSfr tb ndfiBM Oi theae
discharge*. Kafir* and animal* ore oocufemllj IdDocL The
death m Bon i"'1"! Mttka is oomparativeh mi", (to tlu doable
reaatin that they aw much umir - j i.i i ib<
opon country, end that their bOBMI ir« ucnoral ;. [irot«v-t<'d
by lightnin^-nnLH, Tin town oi Mariteburg w now wo al- n -
dantlv protected with i\mW ihnt aj-ridriim witiiin it-; nTn-nuN
1 liav.- .ml-.- known two or
three ehimney*top8 struck, and some balf-doson Unsfun trees
shattered, during nine vrar*. In rho .n>rn fount i rablf
oombea of oxen hoddW tqgothor in tbe itona m annetin*
Tin- |i-..pnla: im .i i Ii ii the disofc II '" runs
i.'li till l»ea*t» in succession. My own impression, m rh -d
Kon ui4 sppoarance of the around wnaneDon BflnMwtfr have
i plao . is that the -litharge nets at one blow ores the
. niiiv arc .i nvnm] by the rattle, mid divides itelf mnemg lb m.
i d lwaviwit rainfall that I have eean d (ring I thunder-storm
has been about an inch and a half. I once only measured an
mi ii within ;l»" bonr. Tin heavtoit full 1 havo known to
within 24 hours was :! inches.
'v heavy hailstorms Jly happen id connection
thunderstorm*. The hail, (ok the doovI pert, sw ps
on in tin oil -, nf a tornado, a dihtiiwt drone, or him, bung
heard to herald rteappi tut minute, nr Aran frim mmnttfi,
before it arrive* Hwihitnnfls en large us |
sometimes seen. Masses of ice weighing tbree-ooartea of u
rare instancos been noticed Ih bU of the hail
always limit, d to a roinjKii-.Un ly mirrow wmt' Tin* path
of the hail-storm is accural ly marie d 0 ll « w il < ountry by
a long narrow line of devastation.
Vl
III.— Oji the Low r Portion of ih<- BtW Indus. By Colon
( i W. Tkemekheeke, c.b., Itoyal Engineers, f.e.cs.
AW, Uo««Dibct 10, 1866.
Tiir portion <>i tin Imbu t«. whHi tl .■• fallowing remark* ai
ii eompriasd within thaprovC&ne ofSind. ('mm
boundary it Ifittec, <><i Tin- L'nnjaub frimtii t, to the noa. Tlw
direcl d burn bctvei a One poW
windings of the river, ft* measured on the large map of
Ili<' Kt v. mi.' Survi-y, lln- ili.-I.Jt.. -• fe ftb U1 MO mile*.
From the extennve Mste of lavelfl which have been can
out by Government for inigetiana] purpose*, many of v
baring ban reduced in lha tamo datum, via., the mean ane>
] as fixed by the officers of the Great Trigonomei
BurfuVj suttee u 227*22 feel above the datum urn ; and ai
|M.;nt b vi rj tllghtly abort the water-to I daring tin tni
tiou of tli' i« in fart.' -. 1 1 - 1 ■- - •>'' tin- livo iimy hi ntated to
ba mnily 17* !- --1 M 5"7 inches DOZ mile. If tin' slope he
Cflkmlaftyl (ton Mltteeto the bench-mark nearest to tin
month, the result givee 5*8 inches pei mile, or di irlj id ntical
with tli-' I- i ii M i. I'll . lope calculated from tin • ireet distance
give* '7^ feet OT i*'."- im li'-.-c pat mill*.
The general emseof the riroi between Hittee and Sol
ii in a •outh-werterly (Unction i bul ixniaadiatelj after paasinr
ili.' [attei plaoa it turns to the northward and westward^aM
from theao t ■ naaj Oonujpoo? describes a largo curve b
iin-t of about 80 111111".'. with a ramed nine of 6u mllea.
Prom Oonurpoor to the sea it does not diverge much from a
i oounvv Although there are considerable brack
I have asdoavoiuou i<> marie epproxbnatery the limits of the
kulli \ ni tin IiiduM Ii) 'hading tin io- 1 - ri i \>im-li l'i'ii;nl-
it. This limit i* atsoluto along t !».- whole of ilm wcstr-rn
of tin Valley, and w marked !>>■ the hilly 'liitrnt.
boa Oep M mw to tin- west oi Runnel , in .1 wide run
Kotri mil s..|;«nii tu : me" to the \allry of Shah]
Thin hill [Hii'tinjiH of vhicii an 11 |i\iard» uf COOO
high, extend* without u break tu tin- liolau Piiea, ur.'I
ii'-rt,-! niiii ii;. '[■' a Soolimiii] Range. On the enatern aidr.
on ill" contrary, the valley of the Indus may be said to hav*
ii<t very Ji-linrtf boundary; with (hi a xrptfon of the ranee of
limestone hille, extending trooa Bnkkor ami Romt to Koto
Di |. . , whi.h torminatol to the south in low sond-hillg (similur
in every taapacJ t<» the dawrt tract whii-h axtondH along tha
■wle of the valley) thoro ifl no high land wl
'Irfioc* the boiuidai v of the ludua Valley to the aastwanL
mm <ui the Lower Portion of the fata W
Bctweea ndarta i tlm ; indicated, the plain of the Indus
will lit- nfio to i .'I) * infill in width. In phyafoaJ avpact b
oharai-t^rwrd by a v.*ry PftHUffcaMa Diufin lit] at, in
Mir i-uii.. !■■ i>f cliuiuii-Ls lor natural drainaga, u ■
i i] h« it 1 1 iniMir'l- ih'' m and aw iv bom iba
ii. i . l.;iiL: Jind in its aUBOBftl flmrncten I Iimvi shown thai
..in- bIojh? i.i ill* valley iu u direct Bm i i ii" m ta abom '.*
I n tha DltOi and thr I:i
the rivet an in many aaanquifta u ntneh. Tho rivet through-
out this portion of iu course passu along a ridgo, and is i u
(bore fiie land .' Got no an either ode <>t* ii.
TMa Teat plain i* i-ritiri'I; competed of tin Qiuttt iQ pi
i \% i r 1 1 d rariabls Liroportion of BTgillsceoaa matter and
mo portions a oil As action of tin rSw i battel than
utliew. but generally tin ben \ -nt into. 8u
s i.l' tin- will ill. ! ni'itlliT ill the lircl -ii I
my pOStii plain* in ■ !.• to find it .• ■;
large as a tauV brad.
'flu- Inii!-. lib Otboc tranoa] R?V3r8,iB Mibjnet to .'inaHitl
i.iiiiTi. tb of which baa bean dly registered
for many years both nt Sukkur and at Eotree. At the former
place it generally ri n 12 to 18 fed above a fixod -latum,
Mmunied tut iu leu- or cold-«eaaon level; but (In- limn loi
tin. riv. r .it this latfe r period an eon idaraUe at tin po at,
thr null r baring n ©n am Ulan i" more than 2 fed
b loii the latum. The inundation level is. ben i ire per*
numeri t at Kot ••< . On ill. { die water is
permauenl during tin- lav -ni-nn. md tli" fliiotimti m
• r in the inundation. In was only
lour tirnr. below rr.ro> and h twice reached 18 feel on the gauge
at the height of thi mi ■ ■
The ik l« Im'iji l<Yh -i '1. ;-h and themiddh
may bo attributed chl fly to the malting of »now in the Hima-
laya-. whd< that I'rota loth Juno t i «t is tliL- result "t
the monsoon rain discharged on the loiithora slopei of the
untoine.
The amount of rainfall in Smd ii n noall thai cultivation
Imj Mid to !'<■ <ntinly di-poud nt DpOO flu- ri* «•! :
The intersected by a network "1* canala by
which i-', during ilia inundation season, led to ltohi
which the lateral and m-award alow* <>i
in tJ of U ' ■■ . land ia proparad for 4c c op ,
and iha mi]i|ily eeuatfl in Septaanbar. An II in flbe
"lis to tl gonoroll}
lb sappl] ni.i> i" conndcxed an a^oitc <« reliaUa b»15
10
Tbsmkniikbe <m the Low Portion tf the /*&«.
• d from rain in those portion* of India in which n£
tare i» dc|H-mli-nt upon thai agum npplj.
lb lanoe of these canals in a state of offloionoj i*
sudor the nupTTvimon of Goronunont and both the
ran ii ii- • of tlir Bute and the prosperity uf the cultivators i
i -i\ dependent upon the duo pedbrmASoe of tho doty.
(ii'V.:iiiiK'iil ON i)f -.1' nring all tin* i.
channels, and luvro abolished the system of forced labour v
existed under the previous Native govern dm q1 ■-•
The muoiint o!" Kilt i-oiiliiiiii d in tin- wnti-r of tbti Iihi:
remarkably gnat. From a series of careful observation* made
»t. BoMcm and Kotna^itlna boam ■ncwrtaiiwd that, nt the height
of the inundation, tin* solid matter in tli" u a-v amounted to
aboul V.) in f< i thousand by weight, and at the end
uf PiNvmUr to 17 port*. Tin* diwlianru uf tho rif«
former period its about 380,000 cubic feet per second, at the
latter 080,000 GUtto hot Assuming a rarjin dweharge of
200fOOO cubi< i I pi r ircond, iimi i unt of soli
at 25 parts in ten thousand, we should have f>86G million
feot of materin) carried to soft in tho year, or li!7| mi
oniric yards, nrtkfcttl t" < mer 7'i mju;ui miles with depoait one
yard in thfekneap. I am not aware that any observations have
fwrn recorded wliiob aiow «o great a proportion of m'lt in any
other river. The details of the experiments, with i>tion
of the nutliol of collecting tin water from different depths, and
tit- ii operations, an groan in nn appendix.
Tin? n\"r Hoot In u fety ahullow bed, and the banka aiv
generally ill i]i*(lnr-<l During I In? low wiism n.-n i-niioii i- iiifiicull
for boat* drawing four feet, and the oonzeoof tho Rtream b^orao*
more tortuous as (he inundation subsides. During this low
Kc'fwtm the fhiinnrls wind about between tho largo wnd-b
formed in the bed of the nwr. ami lire in proctnw of eontinuul
Ton (iiivnni appears, hv mi .uitnmntie action and with
t lilt-dike bati&Ol : li.u'" r-hinc with
change in the amount of water which jul^ch down. At the*
aoosim the* falling in of the temporary banks is constantly
taking place.
The banks of the inundation period, though much more
stable than tbo bribed, are by no means permanent
and mom i e town- mid villain** have been hWi-jit away ami rebuilt
• ThiTt< ar» four ninflVs of irrignlion in Hind: — lit Hy the IVrwn ■
wlitT«- iin« vaur I* bfliiw tli? lirel of the Imid. 2ml. Ity natural flow, \thm the
water iu the coual it abuvr the land. 3rd. Uy welUdnirii lis IVimui wherh.
4th. Brdhtflbuuu r»W • i nud fron l.im from tin- natural dfabiftn ebaaaali
which is»uc faun the hill r»og«. Much land which ho* Wen Hooded during tho
i(iu«dut:"ii i !i! under cultivation, and boar* good croj* without further
Irrigation, and nVrv ii also some oaUtvttlon m poru jfu-r rain.
Euoanmi on tta bw Portion of the Indus. 71
ou other nitee two or three times within the 1 .1-1 : v i i. ytiirx.
Tin- M b*nfc I SXO lVt!i|Ui'iitly bfJoff thn level of tho rivi r at tfafi
height of thu inundation, and tin- crest of the in and itim MT6
SB Kjiilr. ov*r i1i.mii. the iv.-ii-r passing down the side slopes.
tracts ol I ><mlry nro then oe, ,] i, «n.»llr flooded, find a
very large amount d£ water wwijh'm ham the river, smeeJally ha
that part of the 1 ■ ■ li hunk below the junction of tho Sutlcj vitl
the Indin. i:i (hi- Hhawulpoor territory. Such floods,
po«in^ into thsj low country bordering the desert, have often
found their way into th< ESast a Manflt and after SDi&s innu-
merable clnndg (natural denn^'ons among the sand-hills),
spread nvir the urn ultn-uted plain* ns fur south ag Nowacotc,
or even Into the Boo of Catch, tn other seasons the (loud ha*
extended from the right bonk about Kusraore, and ban
red tho whole country betv< an Shik&rpooi and Jae«b*bod
has reach i i Kyrcv (Jhurree to the VtSjfc*
h mil be wen from the distances to which theso Hood*
i i. that although it is merely the qegsJ of tbo [nmdadon
wavo which is spilt over tho hunks, tho body of water thrown
ortr the country must be wrj grisat Tho iloodn frequently
t <Umage, not only to existing cultivation, but to
public build ogs. As they talcs plitco only when the inundation
arly at its height, tin.- nipnl; li cut off as soon as the
of the wave has pas*- tin.' wutei npi ■-. rvca the
country i* ahsorbci ad, unless injured ••, OXOSSSJTS
and repeated tlooda, affords excellent spring coops, jrhioh rcim-
I. he cultivator fol the Ion ho may have Hii*Uiuod l)\ Hi*'
BssjtriK'Mcn <*f tho usual Inundation crop. -\ succession nf »uch
Bond.-, nid not only to destroy the land but to
make the cultivator disinclined i<> undertake the labour i>f pre-
paring his hind for the safer und moro legitimate hurtb.n 1
ihe antun ii Top. It has not nnfrequently happened that in
tOC 03 | i>t" ii lli'od which did not or. Mir, land luu;
In mi. mI i ivatod, and the opportui ity fiw putl lusj in a crop ass
boeo entirely lot-tT
■ extensive iand-ln.iiks formed in the bed ui' tin* river an
frequently many feet above the level of the water during the
cason, and become quickly covered by a thick gzoirtfa of
-!. : thoso which ata not swapl away by thn oaxl
lnniic ing thus protected from the action of tin
on their surface, uro gradually raised by suctiessivB deposits
• When the crest or the inanSBilon wave »*u with fort* ngain*i one hool Of the
river. Uic bcijtlil uf llic witici prcMtug optm that tauk i» viMlkulvnililj ITSBtSr
thuxi that upun th« gypontf hunk, uuj ihi« drtcrminc* thcdirtclion ttkv« by Ibe
Bood.
t Thow ntcnuTr flond* ar* <?onftocd to lb* upper portion of tho oroviut*.
71 Tfem Mil I SB on tltt Lvtrer Portion ft/the /
of xilt In t.h« level r>f (lie high bank*, and Ireqni ni>. beeomi
comparatively permanent islands bonrinp forest trees. The
main hanks "hero they have not been cleared for CultiTl
are also covered with a luxuriant growth of tamarisk and
clcphant-grass, or forest trees.
Tl B lwuvily ch&rfpxl watt»r which BOMBS through this vegeta-
tion is deprived of its silt, which t< nds to raise the level of tin
and the rolocitj of tin- water which rwajw* from
river ii cheeked.
I have stated tljat throughout the large area occnpkd by
thi hides Vallay, ill.- nature, of the surface noil may be«*jrj
to be it.li.ntii.-al ton Mittc N to the sen. and that ti- i i n t occupies
n rirlgo Inning a tort 110UII rem run of 540 miles, in a it
distance of 3o" unh - K-tweon those points: and I woold
romaiK In ti . that had it taken, like an ordinary drainage
"hunia I. the lowest ground, its course voold have
material I md it would have parsed down tin
exfetSng channel, called ihe Hhain, into the Eastern N'urrn, and
bjNownoote \.< (he Hun of Cutcfa. These old channels are
. i(* vi) i-n!i iddrable si/*-, and it ix an interesting qui
whether Khoy bdbate the euurse of the river at any ;.
period.
The country botwo* n the Narm and the present river contains
DMA] Kmahu of old ih.mmrK some of which •:•■ aany
mile*; continuously, and have well defined hanks with a glacis
on otofa sido. 'I In . urn in m.iiiv cases <i very tortuous course,
hni ate h iw they approach the xifn. Ihert! ana m* mam
of those oi.l channels to the eastward of the proa nt course of
tlii iiw i, while inch marks axe rare and indintiuct nn the
, that one is led to the eouelusion that the river has
gradually worked to the westward. There is unfortunately no
authentic man of ; I"" Eastern Delta, or of the country santh of
rpoor, which shows tho coarso of die old channels now
referred to, which forarinsta in the Run of Outcli. It ispnwible
that formerly the chief outlets of the river may have Leon by
channels and that the accumulation of an enormous
deposit, derived from tin- rift r. In the Run, In conjunction with
an upheaval of that distneti which Aero are grounds to belim
pll in the year 181i> ("Burnx' Travel*), may havo ) I
the rrveor t<> fonn now channels having more direct commumca-
:!'■:) with the ocean and (fao to mnum it* present cimiw.*
• InSir A. Buroi* Ti tukbarv.lt is Jtated thai rrcMonMu 17ft- UV
kD| ibtb ft branch of tlic linlu*. " eii^iiioil it»elt' into lit- hi by uaiaaiig Un
Mc*tcrL »borc» «-f Cutcli. lis umou latadsflloa iratercdthi :-iI." ud afforded
thti mrtBt of irrigation. It i* stated that Ibe iup|<ly wo* not waoHi cut «rfby »n
:irlifici:il tuiliankiiiiTit, hut tlmt :i. IMO,., tin- IcdtUl wftttr ni eiitin»1}' exflnti
Thehenhbebb on the Lower Portion of the Ltdiu. 73
'flu- oiimili : u, ..ill.!' v.irv. _v ni th. I'i-.V'. Kit.. and t h, ■
i. oi tlvt* gorioi of levels into ihr Btu of Ontoh will
prol ipan tlu is mbjeata*"
it vroald, 1 think] 'H> M assumption, ror ffhiob there i* no
ritlllici'-iit i MOir <\ til i*tilte* that tin* uL<i|. rjf tins Indus plain
'i - :>■ n ii-oin \] !• ^i-n by deceit from the riv r The
hcig- tteo, 257 feel aooto men i I tin- still
great, t. of plaoei such tu Mooltau and others fn
the auno genorni features arc Ebondj tviui.-i
mora than improbable. Bui farther it. u to !«• obavred ili;ii al
Sukkor the river ie crossed by a barrier of rock, the depth of
ii i: 1:1 tin' low season is only o or (J fa t. I'm iw.ni
K..ti." and Hyderabad, al*o, there can be little* doubt that the
rock on either side is connected at no great depth. At Jciruck
roek appeara on both tidei of the rfti r, and again on the line
south -tux to IVrrjuUa. Then axe 1 1 ius indications that
■ tu.il depth <»i' deposit at and new than points. ■! Iw^t,
muBi tnd it eenhenlh be cappaeod afther that
-e*\ over exten led far op the ralfeyj or that the riw I can
haT* gradually worked iterlf up its own glad* from a much
the cr«tioii of tuiothor bund nt All Horn tor. In Juno, 1819, in tarthquaJt-*
ooenrr*d which ralud 1 mound which i . ly acroci the eouTse of ihc
Natvpamtlug U from oouwdaavSih lu (brauu ooOot lace Lbaaoa; but
i il tui!)inkmrtit*. Ml sail) lo hi (blttd by the
Urjft flood of IfSCi whi I '*" from Hbowulpoor ar.il along tho EcutVru
Nim, hi4 nlumoWly r«sohe<i (fa Kaa efC Mil lite Phoomn ic a w«ll oaflaad
and In I acroai which several bandi ha** been eorarracitd rn tin
•art if iu coarac to retain ran irhtcfc eaten it from iIm canali » Ucb tall lata Ii
from the mam n»«i al »oH II Uic Fixdulec ; hut audi butiiU could not iiavebeco
until aflcr the Wiooran bad BtaJQJ to d«tVT .1 •Bpptj B5 Juvct com-
.uou with thr- Indaa. TTiia dfrvsl OOOnMaloatuia bad thcrolotw prohabK
rra*i*il at the ln-.i M rioH nrmi- r^fi'iT/.i t<i, or nl all rvantt bftbn IMOS. — flwnia,
bca il"' Bon u> ritoOOau*; ubimt 'Xv uiilci iii IciiRlb, atd
36 111 bread ill, or oceupjuag tux arra of ulitmt 7000 ><iu*r« milca. The wboK-
tamct imj truly b« uid to bo a *• turni ho*pit:biu iVrnx ; ' fraatl watff i* u*rV9P 10
h# btnt Hnywhtfrf bnl OO ulnniU, ami 1.1. n- ir m u-an-f , it btl DO BtKftgt, Sad
vagetabl ■ ■ M'' D tfa k-boibaaj, h
tliuria w widely from flat fc termed the aoii<l> dvieri a* It doea from Un nitii-
rated flam. It has Ik-cm deai BtloMel n BBU bl -.-.-- ograpbera, aibich hoa gi»cu
liK to raany onron#oa» inprcaalona recording it. it La»noi)ooflbo eburaetcriMlc*
it :. not coturtti or aaturatvd w;th wat#r but :ti p todij U ha*
in i(|j<-r *i-ti!» nor Rrnaa in llx 1» d, 1 In 3 . fa l.:ml, drj, and
>«nd), dj 1 oDiittcucy oa never U3 beajpBU dftjej BDlm frVBI » long oon-
Unoanor of water on an individual »nut, uoi k» it oibtrwiae fenoy or awompr. It
is * vail eiMBfte of rl»t, liunKn«.<J lan^aoonuUd aidl hXi aonieumea an Ln--i<
ftaovatar oavlnp '••■■n TJw nativei ofCotch, Mahoow-
dan* aa »#U M Hnnluov balWa tbtt A« Bm WW ftinaarlj :i tafti las] pi mC oat
ut tbi> :ln 0 hart be<n Imrboura. Thr ftfua hHUoauaai I
oat;onn with iln- ica b»>ih «»n the e«t and real \» PIOHH of the Culf<f Cutch kad
ft bnoeb of tli-.- loda*. asd It \v flooded from both tOCM opetiingc aa loon aa tb«
touth-vcftt^rly wlodl ftal iu nliout April oacb yoir ; the gr-eaicr portion of tb* Itwn
U lhaaannuftlly floo
14 Twaonm on the Loiter Portion cJ'Ute Indzu.
lower level, and surmounted racb a rock barrier m that at Suk-
kur, as must have been the ltubs had it* original otHirae bwn
muck either to the east or tie west of that point.
I bi . li. •, • Qui hitherto no adequate esplanatioa has been
; i\- u of the oscillation of river* in their courses. Wkj
instance, docs the Indus in passing down on incline which may
ho considered ji'-iiV.'ily regular between tin Iwi i I In 'Hit pi
herein referred to, <W0 miles apart, assume a coarse WO
long? I him aware that Mr. James ForgosBon, in hii ' S
on Recent Chances in the Delta of the Ganges," has suggested
it tlieun tin n nit ofwliirli, h I correct!) onderstiwd hie m*a&>
ing, would ba thfcl the Batter the country through which a
passes, tho sharper would be the curves. 1 believe this to be
contrary to (hefl ami that the only explanation which oin be
"ivi ii of the subject ia that a river discharging itself down any
continuum* slope, in a soil capable of being acted upon I
iiuiMt inuurac Much acourau una section as may enable it to adjust
it* surface aioi>e to even variation in its section or body of dis-
cbanpal aaen a ason of the \- -y- it Is obvious that ilia ■ bantu I
of such u river aa the Induf*. piquing through a country constat-
ing of material no >m^1s n-t- 1 1 upon :i-. thai upon it> hank*, i
luivo no permanence il its r..-.. uir.-rmlly - li ■* t - r- and iU
anrfarf stogie greater than that ii bus assumed.
I would also point to the fact that, during the brand
whan carrying a large body of water, tho course of the Indi
more dfreefl than Id Its low state, when the wat< r nol
lows the course of the larger reach*---! of th>' ri'.
aide io .vide, or round tl Ktennvo sand-bunks within ita i
channels, thus adapting ita surface slope to suit the small
erer-vorjinfi ubouu o? discharge at that season. Should Dj
views on this subject bo correct, it would result lliat the 1 1
the body of water and the less the surface slope o
the more direct will be the COQXS9 Of a river; and, '»n tho
trary, the (sharpness of the benda of a largo river paa
a plain would indicate the existence of ;< considerable idam i:.
the country. 1 should, in this manner, infer that th<
between Dugdad ami (lie maoln-i north uf Km
has a more considorablo slope than that oi tho [ndna. Tin-
general statement 1 venture to make is, that with a fixed vt
virtually fixed maximum discharge and iui ascertain I
ence ot level between any two point! on n largo river f >
thlOllgh :oi alluvial plain, the length oi its course i-% also abso-
lutely fixed Tho Longer, therefore, a river becomes !•;.
iug its delta to waward, the greater tendency will there b
assume a moro direct course.
I have stated that the boundary of the * the lulus on
TrEMENHKEBK 071 Ui* Loirrr I'urtioni'ft.hc. Tudu*. 7">
the eastern aid- i.s tin Thurr or Pc*ert, oud it is desirable that
i fiould describe it.
In rainer.il characfe t portions of this district oil n Htty little
from tht* great pluiu ox the Lodos: other portions a
puro siliceous white gaud, but the district hoe <m
I linn riil«.;t'. ami low liill.-, *,\lin li ,nvvri\ r ■m.-i U-,\\<
haviDg a north-vn*<t Htriko uvor a very large ana, I he val-
ley* or depressions between the hills have w p 0U3 no outlet
or oomitiumriifii.u with each other, and ato at ft very Ion l
When1 wells have been dap in these baavaa water ia bond only
iti gn'jii. depths. The height of these hills inrrassss towards
"i. tli, and there are more distinol Indication d tb
i>t*-IM'<- ■•: 11 hull it in 1 uwv 1'iutlilr -.-itnl.-lMi.r lonii:.liciu lirliv.
the surface. The remarkable ifxailarity of tba wrftfffl af a
large extent of this desert with thai of the Lndni plain would
Indicate thai the formations an identical the fafrt portion
r- in . ii 11 jcci \>> anbeaval by 0 ting b north-east
■ 'ii'li->\( st linw; hitherto no levels luive \u-u exteuded
int" this di trict,
W 'lini'-v ..(■ pmy have been the position of the Delta of the
Indus in former times, and there are frroauds for supposing that
it has been considerably more to tin 1 1, it must now be
deemed to " innu'iieo at 801110 distance to the sOUth of Tatta.
i be seen th.it only tA>o branches leave the river from tin-
right bank, tho Bugganr and Hujj;unrc«'. The lirs-t, iu>\\ ■
small chtium I, on than .SO yards iu width darin;
immdfUiiUl. 1 1 1-< -I ;i .;-#■-. il- ,\;i(. i jii'ti-i ;i i'i> v.ii!n;' mlir
into What rnu>t bo considered as a lar^o lapoou extendi]
lin viuinity ufKurrachee to the main sm&Bohnra of the
the second, the Ilujjanm e, carries off a Largo body of
water. nl»«iut oeo-third of that in the main ffrfigfc It j>a.-^.<
i the sen, and iu month afibvds Mm best
■ for tniding-vcawlN ; it k ladood the only
enLmii'v now used ; and the town of Iv !■■ : ded on i'
the chief port of Sind for tho tmdo w 1 1 . i Bombay, and generally
tgt all trade carried on by native coasting-ve.^ 1-. until the
const r di fthe railway. Joined with die Ugh p o bare-
suit of the American war, a merchant bo divert the
Iruflir ;n eottOD, wool, nml S&eh Oth<T iiili-'i-- jh would
Ihe extra charge of transport io Kurraeie •.
There are also only two delta channels which leave the Indus
from its weflt bonk- (he Mootnoo and Ihe Mull; both of thoeo
diverge (Yum lln- river below the point at ffhich the Ilujjamroc
take* uft". Ths left bank delta has not y«t been properly >ur-
voyed, and very little is known of this district even by the
revenue officers;"
Tki:xi:mieebe on the Lok*t Portum rfikt Imthu.
Tbo *'*i«rt delta he* rvrj recently been Kurrcyed by
iin lfaodotiald* The couet will be ar* map, to
extend in nearly h «tr» rom t\w. mimthof th* Hnjj.
.trance of the Kurradue harbour, and u tur»cd by a
•if mod-batik topped by low dunea,
I coast i* extremely fiat, nkd the extent of shore left dry
tit low tkk- very roti*ideraLle.# Bdiiud the screen fi>rzu«*i by
tbo e<*wt-linp, "there is & Tery large are* of marsh-land p*f-
mcetcd in crcry direction by tortooca creeks and channel*.
tin- li ;r to supply wlurli U derived from
wide bat dial low po«*ng<« or opening* id the coaet-lim-. Thesr
up-uimj* liavr* been meal improperly i-ilW mouth* of the
Indus ; tmt it is obvious that they are in feet merely pes-
ftOgcs for the tidal wiitcr to and from the Lsgooti- tbeir
coriDexion will', each other, by means of the large creaks
*tfc navigable ctuu.I i d during t be monsoon
irhi&h ply on the nidus U«i
(vhizroe, close to Kurrnchce, nu'l the river, when n th m
unite in-lit to make the direct i«u*«£o from K
to the rirer-moutb. Within the lagoon the channel* are w
though Tory i< n cnuliially as th-
i an the Indus • Ine sounding* in those to the
Dorthward are as much as .'*. I. :i thorns at low
many miles from the ana. Tin- mud-bank* within this lagoon
j to the li vi i of ordinary lii<*h
mail.. I il Bftlt IQUU on »liieli ivraml hoii-j
arc tho only ■, n This mud ii bluo-black in colour and
Ids dried/ li boOOinet of the .same ligliL-drab
ii i :i . i he ad.
Iin i Lurliour oJ Sun* ;. itaatcd at tborxtromc
end of tldfl delta. Tlia baj is formed by Miinora
|J rnl lull. r..u-i tin^r ■ •:.■ I.. :I>- onl'|)ed 0J Uglo-
mentej al LhesouLhena extremity of n reel abrml It) in ilea in
length, by which it is united to the mainland, and on wfaieh the
i of the surf, which break* directly upon it, has formed <
V capped by I uanofl ridp? of blown mm]. The opening
of Hi • boy botwft d Manors an I ' 'it ton is about 3J miles wide,
but tiilt i ]" nil ' ■ blodked by rocky island* in lha cenln . ami
i land oaree at some distune*, in tJio roar.
inci i i too harbour, and the onlj nnvignb .«■!. b
toMm >ra,fheancb inline from within the shelter
"i thai point to thi we tarn oadof Keamareo, With the croon-
linn of Hi in c iiii;i ii- (i\"ly <]-r[i |m trlion, imd two hi
of no uroftt i Al.'nt, td • wlmk- 4naee within presents at low water
Thl toae >hcw* tl»c line of high wnter ouly.
TuEMESTJRERE ok the Loum Portion oftfic Indus, 77
an area of extensive a Hid -ii .a-, som« of which or© covered by
■ -bushes. The tidal i Derail] »(. b level of
6 or 8 fret al>ove low water, or from 1 to 8 feel below
water at spring Hdce. The *nrfa<^ consiM* of a lovor froiu :: to
li fret thick m ^iilT. blaek mud, formed of -ill mixed with de-
ircd veg i jitter, lying on a bed of sand of variobl
lualilv. in Some plaOCH fine ;iinl icry thick B Ollickwic), in
in others coarser, containing sea-ehells or approaching
IVC), Thr wlmlr i • V - 1 I . * ■ ,j )*'-! « t s( iff'l >l lie < l.O . H llieil
nto be the ii:ifur:il -ni-rnoa The superficial di |
to from u to 25 G ' t Mew Low-water murk.
On p c&mfal examination of tfuee superflcm] deposits, it has
ttloandthal the atiff Mack mud, mixed with v< ;:< tabic mni
idi ati : I with thai found on the mud-bonks within the lagoon,
i luu boon already described. It* mineral ehexecterj as
well il* that of tli'1 tine winds below it. and the whole of lite
*UrfiW» of Iwvunaree. i:; murked liy ill. e very fine
whito (piartz. mixed with a large proportion of mii'u, and is
identical in composition with the nit carried to sea in the
of the IihIm ..
Tin- nnwance of iniai within Enrraabee aerbaar anusl be
re^ai ..i-iiin^n st rone piwuzaptioii that the & pooit within
.; i- derived from the Indue. I have i t unin a the ftands
m the minor drainage chunaels, whHi diaohaiga into the
between tie ei"iilh <.f that river ami SuMiic&nce, and from
ficreml place** on tho Mekran eoaet, end bund then nil charac-
terised 6j thi entire absence of this minora]. It does not exist
on the Mekran coast, where tho set of tlio current is to the
eastward, and I can see no •- ma the aonolnfliop that ■
swept Dp the ooaat (rem the mouths of the Indus.
The agency by which this i* affected will be easily ou
by referring t<> the map of the r<m*t-line.
The 9ontli-wc*t monsoon hreuks upon tbiSOOOsI e.-nly in U iy,
ami bets without ■ ■■ until September, dining the whok "f
which periods heavj surf beats upon the snore* it i* precisely
taring thi period tnat th< Indus u discharging it flood-we
SO heavily charged with sand and Kill. The duet (Inn in whitdi
the surf breaks npon the coast in marked upon the map hi
a acric* of parallel hroken lines, which forra a considers I
with tli- coast-line. The result of this oh!
n of the sea-stroke, even upon co&ste which aro not subject
to winds which prevail continuously far nny long period, is not
only to farce any matters held ra Q pi - Eon in the water in the
ion "f the stroke* but, as shown by Sir II. Do la Bee1
the extrac led, to produce R ih ft* OUReSst
78 Trkmesheerk on the Letter Portion of the Itvhu.
"Tbongh, for cflnvenlenM, the Mediterranean ho* been treated" in * tidcleaa
no*, and v. Ilbauf motion, thin is not strictly comet. Inasmuch ■* urall tfdi*
arc full in it, md current* en found. Indeed, m rnpccU thu latter, when
powerful winds by their friction force ii
for thr ■ di i ■ D a ■ i u ' :-i'v | ii ti: ■ b i i*In*
Ofonest i« *.l:in i" earn mi) ml tneckanicell}
: oca proportionate tc the itowci and tciiitinuanoa a
--r. es.
B*<a Ti.:;uy mfUi to Mwrud tin dopthi of tho Indus oooot
urn within JS l'u thorn*, and the i-lnthoiu luir attend I from Ml
Bead malmosl a strait line oeftdj nn^iib-l i«» the coast.
"The iiThihii hu nowfo cfloaltecaf SlIxQratloii r(" | m mecrmni-
enl HUpCmSM by mi'iiLK nl OtMftn rnrreiil- Sturn . : . . ■ ■-. toon
■ •ik!:h ! jn !l.( i; n!.h«r* |-'fir Ii \Vr
ana- ml long-QontfDiiftt wind wat*r
:lon ou 1m Miriam in tldeles* wiu, and eon*cqu<nT)y would cxpvt
that in the open ocean similar wind* would force water before them, th«t£Ji
tin? absence of l.il v milil produce a modification in thr mult. When the via
ki>ut.|.i! i : j « it i v.;ix U.n:i!rl bj I ■injtlo rftOp' of rosal, the moiilir.-iriim \
be U**; and when two Line* i : inaat prenoted tbamavlrts betweon which the
water could I* forced will Lateral fkS proeBntad, thurr would U-an approj
tdon to the effects observable at the north and soiii1 ol tic < '.< ymt.
or ou the cast and wwt shores of the Bluch Seas, wlwre the waters ore prosed
forward by ' ' ■ imI winds.'— Pp. 100, 107.
"Willi rwntOt bo temporary c«m louudtubi innumerable;
:.c (■!>■ galea ol kvloc] of loui i ration n ul U foicu tin
them. Amnxtg channels and along coasts these are chiefli felt: d<
loundary ehorw or the single const opposing tho furthn nee of vater and
thro win k than off in the manner of tidal wave*.'* — P. 110.
"When detrital matter is lhr»wn into tl.c tides it is borne to and fro by than
according to uVir flow and ebb; and il.- 1 mve abundant oppcr-
. ;.t.i of tin- British labndfl end ou the ocean
of Eurobc, that the rlew waters wlien swollen by nuns ! utws . ' . *-.
ebb, and in the dilution it takes alone, shore much meohanloallj »UAprncW
detritus, which does not again enter the rircrn unless under rery favoumUe
cirajrnstaaoea. Ae a whole, much fir* lOsderired h carried oeeet-
■ , t COD-
I rofioee in that el id tlint, should a ahelterfnj hoadla&d run oat
and n bay be formed between it and tho embouchure o^ lie river, there Se a
tendency to deros.t the finer roJiment in the locality so sheltered."— P. 100.
The manner in wlnrh hcitcli miileriul is nwopl along u roast
in tho -iirootwn of the 8Gft-«troke is well illustrated in flge.
• Aa observer may often haie opportunities in the port* of lbs MeatteitVMB
of »ccinp ihi* tiic Of dcprcpmiuu las the c«»e uiajr Wj of the w», nccordiiig m ibf
viinl» mi tliL- linu' m»y be blovinp wilh strvi.gth off or ua chore. CnmU frcqu- utlj
afford goori tpportumlKfi of otitrning thu kind of action of wind on wai.
the cauni lereli »n *tiii *titber befag loonrandy known, it nrmmei c«ij to see
boa '< B&1 liSBR iraRoi arc raised or depressed ss the winds way proa UicfB In
one direction or another. Mi. BeaeatOO bond Ifaal b j cabal fotu mile* lulmgih,
tlM wjiicr vot kepi up four ioehei hichcr at one end than ai I he other by the
•irinewibd nlong thu canal. 1'hs Caspian S»a is several Tvvl highfT al
cltbcr end, MCOnllng a» a strong northrrly or ►iiutliirlj wind BSJ pWlUL
TSBORBSBBB on the Lotccr Portion of Ike Lulu*. 71»
F'g.
'•I 64, pp. GS and t»7, of tho entuo book. It ia obvious
that iii fijj. f>4 (Pig. 1. Mow), not only hav thr beach, on,
:■ .1 Son ;/. and
been spread along the
Kb I - t mediate
space h tv,«" a g and c,
but whrnovyir tha winds
far my length ol
in the direction
oarlcod by tho arrows,
■ IUII-.I in." a D01I*
tfnooi movement of
material) in the Mime
direction ; anrl should
there ben bay beyond
which the materia]
can find shelter and
. • ilh-rr. accumula-
tion muet take place.
The iii:imi;< l in which the deposit in tin: i.i-tH.ii. and within
Kurracl harbour ha* heon fmnrd. i« extTQtttmj well described
in the last tf the above rxlrai't-* front Kir Hrnrj I >- la I >■ - 1 1- ,
and it. would appear that tho whole lhorr>-lin<? I>ct\\ *•* n tin.1 mouth*1
<){ th • hidu i and Munorn hi formed by the a- Lion of thr
aea-fltp-iltt' forcing the *iod ami ^ il r disrhar-.'d by ihi' riirr in
thodir-'ti ii .it Kurr.vdirr Harbour.*
In July. 18ti5, a steamer wax angt down tho Livtr fa) Ihr
mouth of tho Knjamree, and anchored within the bar, but M
,ii u she could lie with safety. 8G0 pint bottle* codnd,
wired, and weighed to float a« low as possible, were thrown
overboard at intervals between S A.M. and 5.10 r.M. on tho
27th Jnh : b'l of thwo waro found on the bmofa of Clifton,
close to Kumehee, by 1.31 p.m. on the 2!Jth, but th<
ascertained to have been 47 boar* in tranait ; and the direct
distune- being LP nil.-.-. H tlup*, be assumed that the
.■--i-.l in* -■ -if a .-un-rat in bbu di.-'iaji | BOtml IB] to ! mil,-
nil huiii thiK proved.
I' . ltli August 21 1 bottles had been picked up, either on
n Krm-lt ur ivithin Ghizree Creek. With so strong an
mdr.tt't into the numerous openings to thr I-ngoon aj must
* Ltr»,v i|tmtititi«>« <>r driftwood. c*>:m>tiiif» of bmififaflV of trw« known to «9V
on llii< te»iik« of Ihi' 1 ml lit, are cast on nhnn* nt Clifton and K«nn»nv, and parried
in Imrltour during tuch monsoon. The roast is »i> shallow, and tin? »urf
U»tinu n|«iii it I» to he** y duriur the moutkrou. that qo vtud cto approach it
/rem •(••ward, ami it U tlicrcfurc difficull to test tlic cxlstca« of o coast curicnt
hr acrual ispi-riniOBT.
80 XSSKBVHSVBS on the Lower Portion of the JWux.
along the. whole of thin lino of coast, a en«t nrnnr of
bottles were doubtless pravented (km bo far to
oath, ami the above number, which vraie found, dmj be deemed
a< faun a proportion as could be expected; bul in additio
tho indraft, the bottles floating at too surface were exposed on
npproAoIuBfl; the cool to tho for<v of tb surge* nod would noons*
hurily jmilak'.1 in the motion of tho breaking orestB, and be driven
lccwaul ; tle-v an ". i, therefore, a iair u of the coarse
take*u 1))' tin- sand run! -ilt held in MWjH-nxiun, miuI diffused
thi-Mii^h thi whoJo body of tho water.
In this manner the drotnastAna that nonta of the botflw
wen found either within Kurrachco Harbour or on Keaniaroo
■i. >\ be oxplftii
BVom tla- action of the coast current. wh< on
OOV jKM'hape bo assumed as proved. tii< re must be a considerable
bnnlung-Qp of water daring tho mnnmMin within rlurrai
• >ur. I have called attention already to the position ol
and have Muted thai I is "imposed
andtely of fine sand; the portion above high-watec mark
consists entirely of blown sand darned from il lore*
At runny feet balow h>iv-water mark Ettf composition ttppOfl
U tlu' lame, and tin whole must, 1 believe, b< ted a-*
a deposit I'n. in tin- -<'a. due tn rhc Iinnkril-iip wati»r in
harbour doflooting 1 1 1 . ? newt currwit.niid throwing it olT toward a
Kunorn Bead in the manner 1 have andeuvourcd to t-v mplify
by the arrows in the appended sketch, Should this view be
■it.'d aeoonvcl. tin- exigence of the inland in i:~ | :.' form
am position may be considered as a further illustration of the
uco of the coast < urn ob
I have hiatal UiiiL both in the Lh^imiii and in Kurruchf*
it i'h aperflcdal black mud is mixed with a large
(jiamtity of decayed \ - ■ i ( ill- matter. A Inr^r i]i:antu\ of
a very dark brow: le fibre, in a fine state, is dt>p<.
each monsoon in any sheltered spots* such as on uitkei -ale of
a stone L'M-in which has bten curried out front K<-n inane*
towards Hanoi* ; this, win n In f deposited, is so soft that
■ nan walking on H rinks to bit ki a, On examining speci-
al, in of thin material, and oi tb lid matter from within
the harbour, Dr Robert liaim s chemical aii»K r .n Rom
Wrote: — "What 1 think may bo taken Qh quit*? certain i:-
tho vegetable matter ii not the remains of any phanerog unoni
plant, the structure U entirely cellular, even the bundle* of
rent fibres in tho larger masses arc mere aggregations
.. i i. runted ''ells."
I ii' first specimen sent had been washed and dried ; subeo
Trejcexheeke on the Lower Portion vfthr fad 81
• i u fttly a DOOM of wot ntui. 9 niches cube, wo* sent in a tin
box, I)i. Unitu i'fl report ■ or? it hb-h thus given :—
** It confirm* for iho moM pa rl my But opinion bal KhftfllgPHBl
which in thp ilHol n!ntc of the first fpfdmoo 1 tool !idi of
■miller na-wwda, art nmt ju«n to be the looadyugrDgRtcd fibre* which make
u\i flu ■ i e II"! hmm iif a larger ■a**wwd. The boi matter,
WlMVr llirv 1i:im' OOt b**t) (Uttlll ml,.\i.
mbr, a Bart of >fc!n, onmprM--il ofvi ry rvgn rilling Into
each other it the eivlit. Tho fibre* ur* f!:u ■.-.:■■ I tfcHttUai
tiauic. This i* exactly the atructnm or a M*-wini item, dm *till looser half
nllrijlafjiwua, inivnnnliary cells having rotted nml duaolved away ami lufl
■. • I found one minll fragment of an exogtsou* branch cua-
Wddo. . a nui a doubt of the v. - i nurini I
•loJiOBii!. 1 In* hi nil i.l.i: v Stall (rf tbl Vf*;(ibi1il« m hi Ik til'1 Miipj-
of it* having am-. - tOUTi b - " fapOStfc 4 H Itfa Ibo D
iu pracot brukcu *Un ."
From the above deseription it jm evident that the largedeposit
of I lick mud, mixed witn -en-weed and miY.i, Im- 1 ■ < :< *urpt
ite Eon arbour laid int.* tho Lagoon by the tides* and
bv tlio current which sweeps BD the coaat at tin- % » i y Imn
wlicn, owing to the heavy surf breaking upon the nmst. n
vaat quantity of ecu- weed must bo broken up and gwcpl
■ WJ-
Tin* lift of the tides on this coast ran©* from 8 tO 11 kWl
lisptin^*; their course w in a direction parallel to il h i
the flood-tide coining from the north-west and the abb
running in the opposite direction- During tho monsoon months
there M ■ strong serf In tin* offing to iln- -Miuih-eaM, or in
a direction <-* »n t r=* r v' to that along the short ■ pi the! Lagoon,
which in entirely local, Both COTTvnt* nn ptodurn.l I - v tin
seme cause, tho action of tho long-continued *?ii-*trok< odd
accost-line forming a considerable angle with tin- ettetl </ the
monsoon waves. fBoe Hap, Ofl whifln tho probable course of
t ii- - two .-1/ i-.iii- i? indicated by anon*) By the action ol
(be ranrrerH in tin* offing it is probable that much nilt. which
boon swept to tin noxthvasa aa far a* Kimm-ln*.- Hu-l-n
inny !«• again carried to the southward and b perl
taally deposited in the oaitan delta « -li :m m.- 1- on earned isl i
bo Dutch.*
The Kctioa which I have oadoavourtd tn braoe mnsl have
aoonaiderabL inflmanoe in QhrOaTrng thi powth oi thedoltato
awwordj the surface of aadi n etiTa moraooa exerting Ik
itmncii' power m tho removal of any deposit whiefc wonld
olberwise tend to extend tin Imnh- 1; v.hirii tin- main chanm 1-
vnotvup. T.^. [taatma lugiiU arofaaUi obI the aMnaaw 4*1 Mft in tat
aj have beva diriicd froiu the hi«Ju*.
r v t v v 1 1 n
\ \\ "» I
S3
TzzMtxuzttx en the Lamer Partitm <ftle Imdut.
discharge into the ocean. The- xirogrc« to seaward is
drpemdent npoo the adrsnce of the whole coafi
the mocths of tbe river and Ghizrcc, a process which most be
extremely slow.
In Mr. Ferguson's ' M-moir on tbe Delta of the Gun
a remark; i *'.'■ depi c bod *»!" lbs sea, railed **Uw
Smftflh/1 x* noticed* and iu existence k attribul i to the
meeting of tidal wares proceeding from opposite directum*.
the In-'liw, awl called by tlie same name on the Chart*. In
can it cannot '» mused by any action * 1 tbe tides;
merely & imturul gOCgt or narrow Tallev ext<*ndittg between
two btutlx, ami umitmiuicatiug directly at iU* south -mity
with tbe deep ocean, The two banks are thiwiSftlTftl on dirl
-th.it to the eastward baring 14 to 1*» fathoms, wbiK-
the western bank has 45 to 50 fathoms. The Bounding* within
"the Swatch" arc irregnlar. Tan-in.- from 100 fathoms to 160
sad '200 ftuJinrna, with no bottom. The line upon the ('■hart,
intended to ahow the limit of 100 fathoms, may b : iderod
as marking th I plain, beyi i I vbJch (hare
is s rapid increase En depth. This ereut appear! to maintain
a coarse nssrh |undk-l to the general eoact4ine alon^ Qw
whole of the Mskran const
TBEMESHKEm: on tlu> Louxr Portion of th'. InJits.
APPENDIX.
83
■f lh> M ><l uliji'i'il in t'lluwj O'lwrrtitioH* ft) rtslrrminc fA*
uioeitif of t!u tniu*, and the atnount of aoh t »nti>:r k Eli IFa&r, at
(Hfcrmt dt'jitlut.
rmrounU the luatrumanft u.vd fin ukinj iho Teiocitit*, vUcfa
wu a nomination of WoHmau's Mill. U was 8tt«d to * round pole, or piece
i
i.vfTfttwvr ro* Mi rason n . -»r nt* Cnom n tux
Rmoa Lxon a*d Casals ire 8or»,
about 10 ft«t liiu t i .. I i . uq Iron croas-hcvl fi .«
axii of the ;i .1 n:i-nt. wnfoa could thus bo rondo t- 1
directum of Uw surfaoo-curreiii. The corrcctitcm of tli" i um i
had been rwrioualf aeoartained by Lrlalii thenurabwoi rovotottoaa madfl hf
tbo ?»hf» in a DICMUXtd JisUuoo when dngg :. llfll W» I r, ft| \.irious
wiociiic*, wn* found hi each ca» to com jpoad.
Tho oWrvatioiu w . to the b.
anchored in the s'.rcnm- T DMDft wu clamped 10 the rod at the re-
quired depth. As soon as the polo was in oa upri t, with the etonv
bead in tho jimjrr dfaatUH&i the tri^gw was pnll"!. T\».< t.h,*
for 30 attends, when the tripper ww »
mpsUrrvl It i»i.: la I - Civ obw I itsOMWCW in crcry e*» repeated:
■■•'•\o observation was rtlird on; and whonevsr there was any material
: :uee bttwi i rrimiTnta, the clan-rations weft continual.
In ray strong currents, and at any considerable depth bulow the •orCaee,
the instrument ~aro readings which varied > i ■■ from each other ; thu
was owing to the difficulty of holding tbo rod in th 'lie ourrent.
84 DUrBKBU en tht lrOW*r Portion *>f the Imhu.
'•> its Tibrati<« ; l»ut rm i| wm not • i j f : i * !i i-
IttUI i Wailed l-y tUo follow ini; obfcfvitJwut —
1 ..
% .. .
3 .. ,
4 .. .
Rmfeill
. 3H
, 233
. 2*5
■
II may, j<M'b:ii*. *«• ulm :-i *f«
rly i I li.i: fir- liu nuneiii was i*<1 at Ii
cum- ii i hi tin rlmen - Th< mean of the* auovi ■» 220
i miles on hour.
in BV8R owe tlie i i y were iake:i fir < i lie
■
llOW 'i ii Fitf. -. Till ■ »: i n-li
i [a a.
Xtonic imh r.\KU.-a Watisi HMU i»tu>w mt SrftrAis, to
QrACTrrv n 8rur.
At*
"ii I. i be filed ut inyioquiKH] iriylif nlwvi ibc fuot was H oi Ifi Cool Lu !
*Md bj ittingA Ustcicd to the bras* alidr, ami
Hixxil ■ i ut lolh nuds of Uw rod. 'flic water to drawn wa* ol
put uiiu bo u oultr in u boa i « M---'. And ih.
ni,..l. ir»cn oareim Tl fUtantprvvioua to u
tmual manner, and with the dopositi ' lath.
And wc-.^hi.l in oppoitc bcaIoi TbvquAfttlt) ol v-.itt-r wa* acciuau<]j ukw-
*nr«l in in iiuntcil <j\*m tucjuurr*. And the Afccifie snmii( .
edbjiDtt i] i ■ ■ Ii f bottle
An ejcuniofttioi. ••: th w mia rela nVreol depth* will Anew tliAt
nee may bg felt in the corrcctncw uf tut otarvmUofii wilb 'U
Trehenheepe on the Lower Portion of the Indus. 85
instrument employed. With respect to the variation in the proportion of silt
at different depths, the facta prove that the material in suspension is not dis-
tributed in any exact proportion to the depths and velocities. Taken as a
whole, however, the results show but few of these anomalies. In the Sukkur
observations, the proportion of salt increases with the depth with considerable
regularity, though here also a few exceptions occur.
The mean result of the observations at Kotree, in November, is that the
quantity of silt amounts to l-672nd part of the water by weight ; but as no
observations could be taken where the river was deepest and most rapid, this
fraction is too small to represent the proportion in the whole discharge of the
river. The observations taken at Sukkur, in December, give the proportion
1-616 ; but this again, owing to the access of flood-water during the experi-
ments, gives too large a value, and I am disposed to adopt as an approximation
1-550 or 1-600, say 16*6 parts in ten thousand as the proportion of silt by
weight in the whole discharge of the river during the low season, or somewhat
less than half that contained in it during the height of the inundation, viz.,
43*6 parts in ten thousand.
It may be observed that the actual quantity of sand and silt moving forward
with the current at any one time must be the same in each section of the river.
The rule which is applicable to the uniform discharge of water in different
river sections must apply equally to the solid material held in suspension.
Where the velocity is exceptional, as in the narrow pass at Sukkur, the water
and sand are more intimately mixed, and the surface-water will contain a
larger proportion of sedimentary matter than elsewhere ; but the total quantity
of solid matter is no more affected by the additional velocity than is the volume
of water discharged by the river.
86 Tbemehheebe on the Lower Portion of the Indue.
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Tbemenhkere on the Lower Portion of the Indus. 87
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92
Baikie's Journey ;
IV. — Nates of a Journey from Hula in Nttjx, to Ktim in Hetussa.
performed in 18G2. By Dr. W. B. Uaikie, n.N. Extracted
from portions of Dr. Beikfo'fl .Journals in the possession of
the Foreign Office, liy J. KlKK, Bag., M.D.
tout, Januurr H, l«7.
I\ DoeSBtboc 1861, Dr. Bailde left On -"lilemen! he had formed
al the confluence of tie- .Niu'er arid l>inuc, and went to ISido,
i lie capital of Niij:'\ i town of peat thee, to (he north of the
Swom, from which it is distant about 10 miles.
Il was not before the month of April that arrangements for
ili«- j'.m-UL-y wore completed, pnek-oxeu bought, and the j«ilou*v
of native traders overcome. On tho 12th of April. I
] >r. Bailde scf hiiI in company with Ibrahim, n native of Zarirsj,
hi D returning with presents from King Massabn to bin Chief.
Hts fir*t wis a .•.hurt march of it mile* i<» Kpakpagij oyer Ii
wooded country. Next day. many towns of considerable site
were pawed., and the boundary of the kingdom of Nupe crossed.
They slept at Lftmlt, inhabited by Oban, a heathen race, who
on tlio arrival of the fcra\ • ll< ■■ were celebrating a pui^u festival.
On tin- Ht.h lliq came to Txiji, which overlook* tin- vaJley
of the Bitot Kaduua. Tho country passed consisted oi low
undulating plains, with sandstone ndges, covered with glass.
Iiu:-h. and lonsf. Tin? meadow in front was clothed with gnu*
and a few latjc trees scattered ben and there, is whirl
p. ijilr 1i;k1 placed bo^hives mad* of basket -work. Heavy i
which fell in tin nijdif, inundated the plain and detained the
pnil) flu following
On the 16th, erooiisgtha alluvial valley, they reached GbogL
On the bjLiih - i.f the Kaduua, outsiJ" the town wall, a steep
descent of SO fool loads to the watery which had already rii
foot from the early ruin*. The middle rlmiiuel. which watt t;
feet, deep, was CTOSSod ill nmoes, which OOCUpied until 8 in the
aoo&j then, crowing the plain diagonally in a north
easterly direction, they left the \alle) and ascended a gentli
sIojk* with il'ii--- Im-Ii and forest. They spent thn night at a
town of the Basse people) (ton which an extensive view was
obtained over the tlit monotonous landscape Then Bassa are
i>art of B Wild tHrbalcnt nice, living m isolated emarnuii
Tin-;, an fur [.he most, part heathen, hut |irueti«e eirr
At the foot of n sandstone ridge, on which the town was bwilt.
theit I .;> ii | nol of water, U ■ wnieii afb I - 1. j i K Dr. Boikie weal t<
wash, hot fonnd cm hil n turn that it was full of crocodiles, fed
nnd worshipped by tin i .can inhabitant* of the place.
17/A AjmI kfler crossing several sandstone ridges elo
Ill
v£ ^%-
u
A
1
,-.
^
Mi
\
■ A
Bida in Nuf>ct to Kano in Haiusa. 93
with busk end treee, among which vera Su Deafay euphorbia)
they n Kteedy ascent to Goto Goba& Tin* nn'k Ebnm*
tion hen is still the stratified sandstone found b {fane, irith u
steep dip to north end north-caii On one of tin rid
before coming to Ghnnna, Chen are iBTOral prominent [HtalcM <»f
i-vitriti<?(i roeks, which coniM chiefly of quarts. Gumna in
ill between two i h ky hills, which rise (ran ■ well-* ultiv.iii- !
If i- tie- chief T»n\n of this portion of Ri**n. and OC©-
0 a iod population, ohioBy Been and Gbnri, all of
whom apeak Haussa.
in- i ; ui. i necessary to bore the loada cat.
iiiitsiili' the gates before Itcing placed on (he animals. Having
crossed a low ridge of granite, thoy entered a rook] with
prqiriiiliriihii fnecs 2(H) feet high, on which wrn- naliM' villages,
wIlOM inli.il J| m industrious race, cultivating the I
laoda Mow.
Tegyina, which (hey Had came i nteini 3000 people,
)■- unuko, with a few Ikssn and G burn Although inferior
in rank t<> Gnrnnn, it is a town of greater importance. In the
market, milk and 1.1,11.1 wen cheap nnd pl"nt)t ulto v» getab
ImL piiincji-\MM in js very prevalent among the pdop!e>ltain tin
-.\:it. !■ being drawn from stagnant pool* in the town.
214 <fpriZi Under an oacort <»f one horseman and otu Eboi
*oldier,they set out, and, after riding 8 miles, cam to a detach" i
reck, Hiim-il I n.^'.ui Karami, which rim . -';'0 lirt above the
plain. Here is a b irrier of thorns, at which toll is demanded of
all caravans at. the rate of ."> cowries each :min, which in a
n party cornea to a ooneidereMe amonnl ; and .i like is
hi two other barriorein front. Being the King's guest,
tin-, tull wm not demanded, hut n prcee rf given En I i L viVi-r
passing the leoond of these barriers, the rocks retire on the
leaving an open valley, and a hwgo rock Ktending in front,
ataMJiuli villiif'c, mi whose shjjtc the party remained. Wliilr
huta were being prepared they sat under tno shade of a i
lr.»i>hnh Dec; In'lmnl was a pcrpcndiml.ir faCSof rock ; near it
u group of women were esgaffea nibbing down grain into meal
■ the >hado of a euphorbia which grow bom thfl crorio
terork. T!ie green valley in front, clotted witb trecCjpoob
of water, and bode of cattle, seemed like an English park.
The chitTs daughter, ■ lady of mature ago, brought wat r Eo
drink; she waa dressed with onh t $ w leaves liuu^ m from
from a ceni round tin- wuiht. fji»_- men hud a leather apron
behind. Yet this independent, rode people are kind and
intelligent
On the 22nd April they left Ungwoi and entered Kan i
reaching Wecel'C m the afternoon. This is a walled twvw
<M
Hume's Jovmey/roM
Iwilt at the fool of a conical lull of granite, whoee narlli and
<mitorn slopes are precipitous. From half-way up Dr. Ilaiki<
nod o ^cncrnl view over the country, but win prov-
from ascending, as the summit is held sacred by tl
Jaaido the town wulU there are borassus, hyphatmc, ami dato-
paima. Bv Uia i i in lbs ,- i; n>ni «1 m-.; ootmtry the
raphia and wild date-palm* arc ohandaut.
i£W HjwA The path wo* through dms^ jungle with open
glades* Kb which herds of cattle were grazing. The shea butter-
liere attains an uniisnl rize, and ripens its fruit in June.
Tli.- people wtn now l-n-s trilerting the frail >•!' -'-tree.
On lii' -lili April a change was noticed in the vegetation,
ffhicfa DOW iliflervd frtiin tli.it ofNupft,
On pawim; Onion Magaja they left Kamuko, and i nteretl
again among tb Gbari, sleeping m tho town ot Kori^a, b-
fully situated in ■ valley. Many sniehing-furnaco* had been
aaai, and iron-ore is here abundant in tho imtamorphie rocks.
On the 26th April tb round of a Miff clay,
with rarinca .r>i) (Sot deep, cut by the flood-; the sides of thcec
• ■ciiiM.-iiil of beds of clay and gsareL la the button of -tream-
!i took WOTO commonly of metnroorphio schist,
plains win ;-- the clay has been washed awaj
either Bat n protmoad above tho general lev*!. As yet Uu
rnins hnd Mcnrndy indu-rued the ttYOra, and whore now only a
inches of water were found, in the month of September
would be two or three fathoms, and conoca required to
eras wiili.
At Kuku, or liiynka, where they slept on the 27th. the pn |
in- was scon in onltivatian; 28th April they bai 1 the
i -oiinti y -I Zarira, and crossed a dense forest full of wild annual*
on the banks of the Karsi. The dclcb palm (VonututjUibtHtjormi*)
tonne a marked Bsntoo of tho landscape, with its tall cy liuiirical
On the 80fl April they were before Zariva, one of the p^eat
oostrot of eosuBorec bo llnusm. frequented by merchants from
BotnaU. Aduiiiuwn, ami Nil pp. Tin; Milk-00ttO!l trees whlofa Mir-
round the town distinguish it in the plain; of these there are
opwordi of IOOOi varying from SO to 70 fo<*t high. Whoa
to the city a Bmall stream is crossed, and the ground rises to the
walls, which arc. in miles in circumference, and from 1G to 18
i< < i l'i;li f n rci il K\ eight pates, the ninth having boon elosjad
after tli< i etnaae by it of Mullum Musa.
At i former time tli. *paee incl ided bj (he wall was much
greater thau at present, and inelinh-il tlie'KnC nn hills, to the
aorta-west, 700 feet high, and from which the unlj gi uersJ
of tlu . it ■ ■ i to bo hud. Zarija is built ou a plain of tertiary
fiufa in NnpCy tc Kano in llnmui. ' »"i
lying mi granite, which is bcrq lad Hum pvotradol The
hi lit of thia plain abovo the sea ie 2000 feet, ami rfrctf dram
tn tin- K.nlmm, and vj to the Kvraron. Tiki*!- fin il then
too w«utt'>red groups of conical thatched huts. and
field* between, Vnenm an plantains, rapaws dato-fndtOa, and
vegetable, with paafcnn bi cattle. Tin* Idas vac now nlwent,
engaged in war with those to the south. \Vinl
orezri to inform fans of Dr. BaDdo'i arrival, an opportunity wa*
t vwna, and gaining information r •.
\ ana common ■•-. Tin lata
year»dimi id not more than 300 daily were imuiIv to
Ik- bond in it nt the time of Dr. BttUdi ri -it.
jean previously aa manyai 1000 mi«ht have bean teeAj tb
IS onc-thmJ kw than at Main, -mi I»r.
Baikii- |iurrlinm-<! a pounjz woman fcl f'0,000 COWlfa . to nave
hor from being sent to the open BUfkot On One ■ »■<■:.
th«Ti were unly '.'" >1 ocf in markt-t. Dr. Iku'kio estimated
the attendance from 8000 to 1000. Besides alavea, then an
horse*, cattle, date*, pomegranate*, figs, and wild fruits, with
wheat, millet, cooos, caaeada, onions, milk, and to be
obtained. Turkey cocks arc sold from 700 to 1000 cowries,
i roung bone wtm [inn IibkiiI for S0/KK) oowTfaa. Theft En
i< I \i\ a loss of hands and f'-i, and the fifth in
a capital ■ i- no marhetptnx, bat all animals are
d on leaving the city; a Uix of -l.''> ■ vi«-l
c-ach bdjgo-pit. An <M man, with whom J»r. llaikw - < 'in-rsed,
had known Dr. Yogel, and remembered his visit to Zoriya,
vl i. h was in the time of Abdo RatftTrrtl ho TO much liked,
but spoke little Lrabic or HauRsa; he remained owe month.
Another hod boon componios to Dr, Bevtb from nnbaktti ta
Kukli,aii"I li il ->"''i: \ n;-!'! in IWiiii ; and mi "Id man recollected
■ rfi-a'- vi.it i i tli ■ tins, el AUiul Ivrim, Thi mowpa
Zanyn U a large building. 130 G i I If m ■••. with two dona
aoaro tower at the north-cart, ascended bv steps. On the 20th
ay word came from the long asking I Jr. Ifaikio to
war ramp, which wil t" the Kiaith, near the EadinuV The
invitati'i' I hy a ptf nt of a slave hoy. On
;tii M.i\ Dr. BaUDC let owl again, lU'iMinpnjiied by Ihmhtm.
ail tli. <. ici-M.d In i ill-, and many fi-.-Ids of
corn, coco, and ground-nnU. At Bniuot thry passed a beautiful
villaot, in a elump of locust- tree . bnl rod on and lapt at a
f«^w huts, wliich tiuv reached by atarli^lit ; her- th-y found
had appfanmodnfiioi, and wont to Ih'i! |)I''M[-r on ""*' ,l1"'
cold water,
'Ttli Haj the} came to ESgabUt16] milai ban '/.iriya,
by the raad, having erowxxl on the way several Ktreontt vV-i^vw^
ioath*oatt Ilere Ibrahim vet (A on unoa ytw^Vi \>^i»sisas
Baikie's Journtyfr&m
li-.i\iiig Dr. Buikie to exaToisa patience until Lis retun .
n ( before the iiud June; then -nil foliowh e i vonthotlv
count, and uniting n stream 100 yards wid'\ witii banks la
l< < p, which iii the rainy season would bo tilled, although
HOW it hu<l 1>ut 18 inohrs iN.'itrr. tlr \ COmC to BaboU, distant
from ill"* Kadnsa three-quarters of a mile. The stream is We
half;* mile, wide and E feel deep. Hero tho aneroid barometer
wa« injured by » fall. Being now in country devastated bj
ui-l neat ti,. imv, it became impose! hi
rend days Dr. Bailee had uot enjoyed one full raraL
Turning \vostw;u'd thev roc rotted tho IumUhui at one of it*
wwdings, where it wascauj I fde(deep»andag&inoD Ihe 11th of
i mii'. whore it. was 200 parai wide ends tool diej . tiding among
schist rocks.
Ar. (he war camp Dr. BeJkiewas weU received I j thi *ingr
hut found it. diflicult to pr< ■ ivm In coum oni'sl food, which
the kin" did '"it '1 ink it ln> duly to - ■ ■ ■ i « " :<> a b-JKitoi ; al
same tun< i: I piyrnont of a dobl Of 150,000 CO'
due for ban doubloon*, until arrival in Zariya, but a .*!»« nil
was gent lo rec Icon as 100,000, and o present of a slave to Dr.
BaUrieond bis sorroiitcj is consideration of the presents gi
The tiuta litrtj were mere temporary shelters, ill calculated te
rcwet tho force of the tropical ruin.* which now fell, so that the
ground inside beeam i ■ muddy puddly on which branch n -
placed to keep the goods dry.
On the loin June, the king moved his camp to the Kuduna:
;ill v-as confusion ; about 3000 hones, men, women, mid beasts
of burden pushing forward, worked the wot ground into a quag-
■ ■> i ' ' •. Tlw kin" vent past with a guard of 50 homemea
foot eoldiow in front and iu tlw rear, and selected a spot near
thfl river, whmv mii-d. hut* wi-n Ibnurd of liranchcs, but il
SVOnmg before the first monl of tho day mis cooked. I
magnetic Vari.-i'i- I »:i I'mmd t . Iio Ulwroil ] I ' .oi'l I1
n&AJiffM. Hating bate of tin" camp, Dr. Baikie Mlnned a
north-ea^l' u ml :•■•■ bed Zariya <m tin- following day;
ing the town of Zango, and a rocky < !<ti !<• with blocks of
■..mil" placed i no on another, lileo (i Cyclopean wall, *ur
iiK.untni ],\ ; ■. Imiiidco. I )r. Daikie*s servant, who had been
l«lt behind at tho beginning to bring up tho heavy goods, hod
arrived* and seme time mi i 1 1 opicd in re-arranging the !
On the 26tfa June, they all left Zoriya on the road to Kanov
sleeping at Ldcoro, a nulled town with 1000 inhabitants^
'llth Jitnr, ihe] mossed several Btreanifl which flowed to
<»uth-(.'ust and joined the Knduno, nnd reached Guvixai. TI..
countrv belwivu Znriyu nnd (Iiniiui is nearly lo\cf, with vet
meadows and bare granite rock.
On the 2'.'lh, having left the town of Autsan they found the
Bida in A&pff, to Kano in }i<
07
in lii
troami flowing in an op{!orft* direction, to pa** round Be
and jMiu one of the affluents of Lake Ohad; they wore n w,
fore, tn the cent™! bflurin of the 8vdia Ewer, which
during tin* lir I ili» journey had njurcd Dr. U.uUic, now
came "ii, I'm a the *overe e-xponure ami luul bod. No i lentfos
■ il" Tli" uotoc of the 'lailv use nf quinine, and oa
in hk "'-ii' I'm I instructions fbrtha weasrTatxJn of health it i*
Ily fgU T" I. we nay conclude that Mibs.-.|urn1 experience
not oonrinccd him of Eta valve at » prophylaotia It I
ahofhiled in other parts. Faki is the border town of Zftri; l,
• boon gitcn up by ono of the rulers of Js;
n JWne. The baokfl of streams in thk i (Ion ore of reddish
eley, with ennd and mud, resting on crvetolluie roefea IJobeji
kft large town with double walfit outside of which we Holds of
-•:i--:(«!:i. groa i ■« l-i hi n, :ui'i indigo. It had be< o pished by
'...-■!. Who fixod it* hit. huh- With .ieeiii-uey, but *n> pre-
■ .^i to Kano, where cholera was then r.\<-
Bill from a rook outside the town l»r. Boikie obtained
omnjKw* beatings, which include ill" rock standing within the
walls of that plu<'<*. In I'.obeji there are dates, Hnu ■-. and loinoua.
Id July. A mile from town they crossed the Itiver Kuu/a,
And reached Kaffi.
1 July. Th- ttivrr Mnllam was passed, with now only 2
feel of water in Its sandy bod. I mile boo town they won
sn^ by messengers, who escorted Ikon Into Kfi&ftj whew they
iy Sunn Sum, brother of the Lin-/ w ;io wuflab-
unp in ill- Bouth-oartaro proviucos of Ins dominion,
whithci ii was a I on « jo><1 that Dr. Jkikit* should nroretsd.
On .">tb Inly I'r. Hnilci" left Kutio in li-Jit num-hing oinVt.
i !e ilio gat< they passed Na»--*rniwa, one* of thesabnrbvkimd
followed a south and easterly DOOFBB out level hind wii
Clay, Several walled town-: were pu-;:t"d mid -tr 'Hi. itm:.<.|,
hud already been seen when coming to Kuuo. At Sokwa
J'r. BoikiG fining a man, whowe father had been duvi to th«
Sing of Fezzati, who hud known liichanlsun, I tarth. anil <hn-
and told bin* of the fate of the papers of Dr. Vogel after
i i ■ murder of < 'orpoml Muffuirc
(IM July. The Kiv»«rM»lhi --< don rafts of oalab&iha^
BBDlCd " j.-nhlo," which taki- three |hi'.vhi:i "iieli titiv; the path
lu\ near (he town "I ' 111 ko betlVOBD two gmnlfQ hi IK.
lih Jiihf. After crowing the Kiver Kanaa and a granite roek
■ I Hongu, 150 t&A high, thoy readied Eakaij bn1 Dr.
Biiikif had a *evero ague which forced him to dismount and rest
for u time.
Sth July. Tin* Icing sent na escort to bring Dr. Luikie to
Songoia, where ho received him M'ith much attention, la th&
TOU XXXVII. Tl
:<S Baikik'k Journry front
town there h .t mass of quadrilateral block* of grami-- pi'.
i'h h other, like tliOM Bean to the south of Zany a ; this i» i
ben i^ i m m ilif wearing of the granite in certain d
ulii<li produces dowImmI block*, not unlike those *i
by iivwork in other couiitrn -.
'.tth Jnht. Dr. 1 »: i M^ i ■ - followed tllr king .md ;:riliv to I'nUi, *
town placed hi en amphithcutre of hills. Here Uie king \u.d
a grand review ol his army, and afterwards (old Di D
that el BukSO all paper: : h- -ul 1 I)*.' »ivcu over t • him; b
now appeared Unit the ;:ioutrr port still remained at Ziii'l- i.
whither tiny hud ir-rii taken l«y tho Azhenawa after the murder
of Corporal M i„'nii( .
I l/A .r^y \'i. BaQde left Data following a more ea*t
route than ihnt >■ k..l come by, and supplying mi to tifl
in ili«> iiiiui of a region iinriaited try Dr. Lai-lL
If Dr. Jtaikio kept uotcs during hie tcrvluc" tu Kano
«r« not. to be found nuiong his papers. Most likely,
ihwll-li" in ;i I H^, In \\n.t ■■ tin i i mil it i.inv in Ml, and MBJ
them off with other diaries. From the rough copies of despa1
written En Kane and forwarded to Tripoli] we learn (hut. tin*
papers ho was in search of proved to be of no value : the)
listed of two book* on astronomy, in German, hearing
names of Togel and Ororweg; two Arabic pealm-books had
also been brought to Kano, but were not forthcoming,
tli.' maid i oi Corpora] Maguiro, it Booms that flu- pita
iiK'ludin^' nannscripl , . inu*k»_t. and liv'-barri'llcil pintol,
t ikt n i" Zinder bj 'In* Vzhenawa, win re they still i i tin, and
xnuy bo had for tin: tronbk i !■■ irrt. ilwm: trul aftec the
lOOg t;i-.l;i ir ;ili,-;ill\ t HI V- )| #-■!. Ul. ftiikie's SUppli
cxhuiiiitod, and be found him.-rlt' compelled i ■ ti ro
Iiminj: aOOQOIpHflhed wbal he -IiitlU wished. Wlnh in !
be enBared from tover, indnced by his previous exposure and
I k Slthj statfl of tho city, which contain* several lagoons of
stagnant \\ it i. receptaclea of fllth exhaling mnlnria.
On tho 1 1th August 1)r- Baikie took lcavo of the king, and
eonuneixsad hw retain lo Nnpe, following at On*t the wiirw
route he had come by, and afterwards a route moro t<» the
It was now the height of the rainy w i -ems
which he had crossed without difficulty had become torrenl
SUing their banks and to be crossed only ou rafts or in canoes.
In ft£e Bekb sfen heavy crops of corn, more luxuriant thsn
those of tin- valley of the Niger, sad tho grase pie u v,
OX |fJBfl iiiiuulutiMi. A.'i.inul lii-ln-ji thnv weir given 1 i * - !
youi)^ wheal »nd ii<--. rhi-i-r. a mixture ol cotton
bran is given to oxen, and is considered the most fattening t
horses and asses are fc<l on millet.
I it- la in Nupc, to Kavo in I{aiu*a.
U$
In Zarija, where Pr. BeftiQ annul OD the 20th Anpist, it
was to dry all the loads,( which constant rnm laid
ilj wetted The long vm buD absent in Zlmba.
On the 1st September the; again tot oat, but mm «l^Uyod
at 6Mb "i the amall streams; and at ltiyuka the hutn me
floodod uihI JilnuKt uninhahiluiil*
I'n Huh Bepfc mi., r. tan lng to the west of the old Pdtt and
following . Donntain stream, they came t<< Birao Gnzarf,
1..1 i.y Clopperton. It fi oae of the oldest eftieeof
region, and i& \>rll plncni in ;i *nllr; Miirmni<lrd ly hills,
w;th iii" Kuril i River juicing to i"'>> thai from \V..mha, which
meets the Kadnna near AkirL xto kingoJ this place ha* *
v*'Tv bad EiftmO] i>» oooseouenofl of dh h tnwallen having dis-
irod invid rion.'ly whih- iin- i* r In. [initiation. At YAi.iu
Etmra, which tht} reached tm the Iflth Septemberj an epidamld
-I many cattle With IomI "i ujijiet.it •> tho anini&ls
aicki ned, and died in tlnee day*.
On the 25th September tfc n ogftin entered Gumna, but Uie
M 0 i. og war tilth those in front, and after a long
delay Dr Uiiiuevras obliged to return to Tesryina and follow
;, western roiit< » - i ■ > - j tin Uhml'u iiivot, tnuoh comee Eton
Wniiilfii and llinin Quart; raAcImur Ituhha mi tiu* flth Xovcm-
bi i, h&rinc found hie old friend E aba in camp, and
■ ri| his hospital it) fin several days. Tin- l.'.iMm I
ivcntod 1 Jr. Buikie from attending to b mines*, and it
was not before the -2nd December he was able to set out in
ciiuM s fur hi* station nt the confluence of the Niger anil iSinuc,
II.
E»tixatt;' Co Ddtavoi of Jouhkrt bdat i &4 Hi a and Kamo
.raw Elevations of the PaonuTAt I'lacas
beta A'ATtu-l'ADTQfo between tho Xwbn aud Lasib Chad.
Barometric Obvrwliont.
lU*r.
f a.t.
4 p.m.
IPX
Noon.
'J A.M.
n
is
u
N
U
BUOBMI C
UMTdIA
h,
j'j Wxnia.
1998
MMfl
U 50
-20-16
I'U.v.
Hidn, lOmJIcsx.of
UicKwurra, 12 E.
uf the Kaduuo.
I - in...
| SIJ'.
IfDedof JlWcrKa-
[ .luiio.
>Guuidi.
Hour.
Air.
1 .i. 1.,.1-r
AiiriuHt
o
in.
1 o r,a.
94
M -vi
• ■
51
; 6 a.m.
80
■;:•:
1 a p.m.
M
•27-60
' ■! P.M.
•M
ir*4
B r ■ .
fill
:; bl
4 r.n.
■to
IT* SB
i P.M.
ss
If SI
9 A.M.
h.i
JT-44
n>. -.
Karu.
Kongt.
KtrkAM.
K»t>i.
lUfia-jHt.
\\ 'i
LOO
Baikie's Jmrntyfron
Koctb from Hiixi 10 Kjjrrt
Mil- L
14
«
»»
1S|
I
0
3
«*
n
N.N.K.
n.n.u.
N.N.K.
N.N I .
N.N i
/ HA \
\ V. by EJ
N.NJJ.
', i,» ,
N.N.I,
n.n.i:.
vi\ bt x.
N K
N i
V ud X.K.
< N.E. wl
* N C | E.
ff.fc
Nr,
N.K.
R.E.
\ l:
K * 8.
I.
E.
.V II
N K. 4 K.
N.K. } E.
N.K.
N.K.
N.K.
N.K.
N.K,
\ K
N.R
Hitla. 0 miles in Blnomftrancfi
K[iAjiai:i, jop. II
MoakftJc, pop. 300.
KptAa, pop. 300.
MaaalaUl, ptp. I20U.
\jtmu, pup, 500.
".
Knfaba. M. W.
■pt-ji. p j BOO
. pop. aoo.
Bed uf K-nluiiB. *ftinJ>. no lutka.
A i)U:i i\
Kiiiinnkii <>r Garml.
llxrn-gohux.
T*rw tUif, moli -tut-
ibMM rr?«UlllM. pnitMhly of CM •OAAitam of
Hopi , flip »oftiMmbi*
Giimim. pop :h««).
Tcpyliia. pop.aOOO.
I TugwoMia* .i.
Waaoba, pop. 2500.
jKwxagoma, pop. 30011.
.Wt, ttOG.
r.itUu-iiijgijo,
Kara.
Kevin*
Rim Karal.
KtiiL
• aai.
ZaHja.
ktkoro.
Gujimi.
AMU
fcVU.
Itivi-r KnQza.
MtdoM.
Gox*.
K*ffl.
liner Mullam,
Kano.
Biitii fa Xiijic, tti Kiiiift in IF<iit*xa. 101
BODTI from Kaso to tlic South-iust ami Pr-rsi.
0mm
Hoc*.
i hi
hiring")
.
M i.
K*so. .-; :
8
&S* K.
DMnJd, 2 dhehca, 4 gate*, UoO or 9000 inJuViftiiU.
3
& '.'-, K.
Knkwa. '.' KM tnimtntatit*.
H
• '
Kivi-r Mallnm, ' mil** wide *> ft*'1' 6«flf) la J d]
4
B.40
Riv«r AniieUt, WTwdi wide. flow» v. to Star Mallnm.
H
3,4
. walled, 2 ditches. 3000 or 4<X>u iuhabitun:*.
a
8,^E.
Du luUd| ISO oi MO tftaablttm
*J
tHkrm Hunduni lor Kumi;, 60 or 70 yarda widv, fl(.*t--" .
| l by *., conws froia Kanaw-i ami hWln-ji.
**
If
..
Snail riwpr fluwinu * to (Urn Kiiuwi, 15 yards wi<l.
Small river from Uul, x. to Ki-n'i), <i<> yards * ■
3
.,
..
••
I walled towD, a ditches, looo iahabiuois.
1
..
V'ilUjr,' ami rook of Lln.ign.
II
&K
i tiimlnr -'•>><. miiiII tmt (leap itroflfn.
«J
1
Taka). walled, dutible dllch, IMN3 iDkaolttfltl
6
&
Saopoiya, walled, OOubU i&tcb. 1900 iubaMlU9L
It
MLS '
t'Uuiii, wnll aud atockaiki, •(iToral i itifercnoe,
\ 1000 Inhabitant!
•1
x n
; r.-hi»v. ctnt'kodf,
7
W KM.
KiTtrDuuJuni Galya.a1 feci deep. Stjjnrdft wldo.tlowj*.
3
.,
'innj. H 1.I..1 t."Mi. 'J dilcho. 4OU0 iubabilnuU.
W.N.W. J W.
Ijijiiwa.
&
..
Ittw Malhim, | rniU wi<l»( 7 fott d*rp, N. 10,J K.
..
W.N.W *W.
| mi, itOAbaoa, IAOU inhnlntunti,
.*.
,,
Vill.iirc and rock of Taunjpr.
M
••
Ka>o.
I i.: J| i i SaSO to Rahi!>
(In reiamiDg, Ur. J&ukiu altered bit eoorsc to pa« by Birun Guari and [■ N > kBl
intti-nl of (tula, whence he started.)
i fcttfM
Cbom
.......
ess
Ra •
:■; ■»
1- p>
na .
JUW
Rtyvte.
Ma-
2
?
il
«
Sumo.
14
N. ;i33 W
Tmta.
■■
N.N.W,
Obobl.
<■
N oo w
Fa.
9 W. by N.
•ji BLW«
Gben.
r
Itirnn Oiiari.
Si warn.
it
8 s.w.
K intra.
a
Bomb.
M.
RAW.
Kwoj»i.
y* SAW.
KM^amlii.
A
s.s.w.
:iIU.
J W"
Suiiiuuit notrr i
- c c |
ffataina.
Mom fi«?^
urUaariaJ JIJIJ
a
■
8? J
H
?
Ciirimi Mopja.
1 a
i
■■- < w
Zk&fi-raWt
T
W. I«y a.
&
eEW.
Kwai»"
J
w
i"
>w.
Wn»abj.
«
W.ln It,
u
Uugwui \'++a.
0
8,10* w.
UkorOk
?
&v.bt&
Uugwui Karami.
6
sw.
KpU*9lB,
■
S, to- w
K ununi.
1
1
Pngi,
5
8; :<<- w.
Tan int.
14 S. 1 > K
10 s,
tit 8-
fbl m l'igbe.
*
W. I.y N.
■ Marin
i tliu in Wonts.
BogDIUb
Mokwft.
<V
rr. i w.
um
a
lUvavx.
102
,,* "Baikie's Journey from
./•;•/ IIL
ExUMERATJblf'QF KlNOS OF THE FOLLOWING STATES OF HACSSA AND NtJPE.
($nb the Notes of Dr. W. B. Baikic, E.Nn collected in 1862.)
1. fiifno. I 4. Kateina. 7. Ader.
ft"'£afiya. 5. Gobir. 8. Daura.
tf/Zamfara. | 6. Azben. 9. Nape.
I. — The Kings of Kano in Haussa.
« "• (From Notes collected
». Yrs. mtu. dyg.
1. Bakuda .. .. 70 0 0
2. Kanus 30 0 0
3. Alkaji 2 0 0
4. Gaogau 50 0 0
6. Makarkari .. .. 2 7 0
6. Know ana .. .. 1
7. Senaida ■
8. Ramagaka ..
9. Taratori 7
10. Bangazhi .. .. 50 0 0
11. Jenaji 0 0 12
12. Yazhi 10 0 0
0 0
30 0 0
7 0 0
0 0
13. Umar
14. Nuto
15. Goto
0 0 10
0 0 10
50 0 0
16. Diuida 70 0 0
17. Abdalahi
18. Yaknbu
19. Nushama Itiufa
20. Abdalahi
21. Mohanima ..
22. Yakahi „ „
15 0 0
10 0 0
37 0 0
11 0 0
50 0 0
0 5 0
at Zariya, May 25, 1802.)
23.*AbubakrKa<lda .. 7 0 0
24. Mohamma Sabasara 10 0
25. Mohamma Zaki .. 37 0 0
26. Mohamma Abdallahi 4 6
27. Mohamma Katamdi 20 0
28. Alhaji 10
29. Sekaro 0 7
30. Kakana 8 0
31. Suyaka 0 1
32. Yawa 10 0
33. Dadi 33 0
34. Saraku 19 0
35. Mohamma Kamfara 13 0
36. Taukari 9 9 0
37. Yazhi 12 0 0
38. BabaZaki .. .. 78 0 0
39. Dauda 4 0 0
40. Alwalli 27 0 0
41. Sulimana .. .. 12 0 0
42. Dabu 27 0 0
43. Usman 10 0 0
44. Abdu 7 0 0
The last four arc Fulani Kings, of whom the last is now on the throne.
Snlimana was a Fulo from Bornu ; Dabu a Basibebc of Kauo ; Usinan son of
Dabu, and Abdu, brother of Usman.
2.— Kings of Zariya in Haussa.
(From Notes collected at
1. Gunguma.
2. Matazc.
3. Tumza.
4. Turausa.
6. Sulimano.
6. Nassau.
7. Damazaki.
8. Ncigwago.
9. Kusa.
10. Nawinako.
11. Masikar.
12. Kiyau.
13. Bariyakar.
14. Nazhidadi.
Zariya, May 26, 186:
•>
15. Kirari.
16. Zhizhiuka.
17. Sukana.
(The above seventeen were heathens.)
Yrs. in] is
dy«.
18. Rabbawawa ..
4,
25 0
0
19. Gudaumaska
2 0
0
20. Nawakavri ..
..
3 0
0
1 0
0
22. Bakaturuiiku
30 0
0
23. lbrahima
27 0
0
10 0
0
25. Kafau .. ..
2 0
0
13 0
0
JHia fa Xi*pry to Kane in Shus$a
103
lis.
»i.
*&.
38.
.
40.
41.
42.
■
44.
■4.\
Yf* mlii rtr
AHjti .. ..
■
0 u
It
0
.; 0
*
ft 0
I .. ..
0
i. I
tkudi ..
:)
1 '
BnfatixtA
a
1
Altai ..
.
••■
0 0
. .
»> 0
Unliini . 'i .I-:. ii
ia
0 0
hfaa .. ..
.*
0 0
i
0 0
Aliyo .. ..
■
o o
[bnHim i
.
fl 0
Muli . nmodo
17
8 0
Ml
Baku i];i Mow
s
a ■■
It
6 o
UMkM
^
0 0
Dnblnm ■ ■ Kuka
1
4 0
■
10
0 0
■
HJ-I
z o
Tn. ml*. Ay*.
is. lubbon t*u-ft .. 7 0
Muhamsua Gate .. 1 I 1 1
50. Ititian 5 5 0
: ■' ;. .n Statu?] ■ ■■ •; o
10 0
'loliAntinftiln aWjUIIIH) I « 0
..4. loUkti 2» 3 0
.'■...;.. . -10
'
Be, Hollar* Mom
57. Van Mum ..
■ :
i 1 Ida
QL Ml .. ..
Dow ix-igning {a
18 10 0
U 10 0
ii - 0
0 ii v-t
;; 8 *
0 10 0
I \
of Zarfya*
L HaiUm Mu.ii. Mc.l
X. Yftii Mom, Ii» KilftUio Bornu.
I'.. FUataia Kntiinn.
4. Hnninta<*a, ago ■ n*a.
d .l.(i»imcvlSrtiiib ronnfYruiMuJCU
«:. Sili, ion o "hir-t.
7. A
i :, mi Ol ! Is.miufwlo.
Milium Hum, who subdued Zanyn, came fat aw a poor
i was a petty trader wearing' a M banti."
king, he made Yen Aiusa his head
Sidl ma dothranad fi rorai li\ bj Saltan Alfyo,
."■I 'lied or was killed in fjokofa Mohammed B&ni was ycry
.-nil Salami was killed h battl i; bii r>.t ln-r's aama
was I \!ailvai. born in EoaibbL Abdu ia a w
rcscnn/ man, abonl H vean old, and is on th> wbuli
likixl. JI" dotii tujt K|K!n1c iniicli Kill..; ha 1m- QWnaroQfl off-
apring, and hia eldest sou Ia liis " Maidaw;ilvi."
3- — Kings of SCamfara.
. Jill.
7. Da ' QaA&fc
11 Total
tubu.
a i»i - Btm
12. Mnlinmni.^.!
imha.
U. Adam.
i;: Mnliiuiiih.i
1. Ai-
.. li... !:.'..,
I*i. i.o Kisoa.
l : ....
in Mnlmmniim/JiMmi.
4. — King* of Btt
1. Alurola Eakkn.
4. A'nui.
1 1 tofa
'., Al 1.. 1 i
ft. K..,,i.
.
(.'. Mi.
$. ■tat
104 BUD rt Jiiun^jffnm
10, MukcUrniiii.
IS. T«1C1\IAI.A.
*C. AmifMi.
It. Aim.
]*'. AjfffK^gu
*7. D.* GWara.
u. Uniiii.iu
so. <;■■:"
28. Dan fekfeti.
13. KUIMm.
11. YaJcufco.
21. MufftS u.
tt. l>Au Kim
PriA Krxa*.
I i, M..:
Band*.
20. Ufa
i»;. Sankm Migjofci.
Mi i
30, SAdiko.
17. Koran.
Enxal
5. — A7fl£* of Gobir.
31. Molurnitun :
1. Maubir,
10. WurUkkfl.
■
«. Salute.
11. I1
iv Zfaruu.
■ 1 VorrrUi.
SL "nnn-
L'l. Si
4, Khaki
I :. M >j iih tiatlL
L'2. G
fi. Wftdobe.
14. Il.nUiTi
23. M
«I. Yci-li.
1 .. S.l...
galea*.
7. ( h
i t, Babul
[feiaM.
fl. Hi'.Mi-m.
17. Baws.
UakL
'j. (rnxhirc.
K Yakuba.
6.— JTi'«js o/ Jttwn,
.:;. Qawa La i Ououild
1. Mamnaxhl.
21 M
42. Alan
2. Turn l ■■
22. Mikitn.
43. Ixldftllam.
;:. Du Bnkto.
inwnL
44. I fen*.
<. Yatombtr.
M. Qfrou
■i. .it.
.. 'i
1 EfaraMnu KJnttJn.
4«i. llo>';i*ftm.
i;. M.-iumi 1.1 Ki..u-
26. Intnl. i.
47. Awawuun Zadrtr.
i. aJnunmruhi Uikni.
48. AwiSia.
T. Attiinu.
2**. Wtadandl.
. Kiniiul.
8. I/O*).
. AfaumL
ftO, YulaWcl I.
9. Ifa
: ■ i
Al. M . ..-hi.
10. Ammr.
1 I. Ban ■
fi?. M .i!i;iltilli:l tilllll*.
11. Bnutkku
. 11 n ma.
i.i. Mu nil.;* Tftjft*
12. i. uiwcl.
33. Zuwmr.
■
i ■. . .
34. ThifBt
64. link
14. Kil misul.
'
65. Afcuuokr.
Kil ntigtl.
:;•;. Illu.
tlM
i". tfaaavrfli
37. Alunm.
;.; .
17. M
58. A I lUimii.
i& noikni
30. A. '.Mr..
kil*.
10. Atii»[nrn/ui.
40, Ar_Tiii.
GO. Mohanima 1U&-
20. * .
41. Aiiciic.
7. — AMm cf Adcr.
aruk.
L Bndol.
h>. AiniiTikni.
19. Zakkar.
SL GurauL
1 1 A
A n min cat.
ani
12 Mm ' m nuni XMbl
'i. Walliiawndn.
4, Oumbim nkr.
1
L'_'. Wi»!|iiiiii o
'.-£11.
14. Anuti.
1*3. MuliH
fi. Kadcri.
LS. Ibrilu.
but
7. Mu»il.
la Tmmiiki.
L'i. Mohammnu ilm il
p. T ■
IT. AU-;»li.
W.il .
9, Am iil-iu.
18, Wettr*
35. Kltilmr.
Bida iit Mm to Kano in Ua\ma,
\i)U
fc. — i Dbwui
1. D*Brta».
n. ruianu
an. Wogwi.
xttbpxti.
16. Smutu.
34. Saltaiu*.
3. Ifevo.
10. UfcvTu.
•. Ilauiii.
1 Ziiftdd.
20, W ■
.!!,
6. fannii nlln.
Bl. At..lun.
wT. TroTi) MriTi ti nv.iv
C. K*riy* wit*.
'."j. Btanfalo.
] '
•'.oiwuu.
•.hi.
88, BonHngoan.
8. AUiku.
'2\. Wonutfii.
89 LukodL
". Bh fa.
■40. E
am*.
Sfl. Battaau
41. Ni
11. Btuw.
37. I dnakwiasbi.
IS, I ,.!.:■;
ma,
Wwnwii.
43. Mofcfumao.
ii in.
t&. Suooa.
4*1. Zulii) .
14. ShIkIh.
3". Wi ..
4o. M-jliAiiiioAn Bollo.
1 bdtt
El, U >:i,iun.
'iVagiuhi.
82. J. .
The pre* at King of I Iran belongs to the tribe of JTi rimitwa.
Ho i>i Don old ; is short, vitfa largo head; says little, und has a
i*cculittr kind <n '.suoil. JIi- Iwt.s upwards of 30 children.
0.— B \'<if4.
„ Z!U,
Rolled at Xapclc-a.
1. Estu Jia, king about 1760-85. A ^rcat warrior, and n
l*)paliir kinir, whose raign ii said to ban baan the Daoel flon
'i Nu|«.-. Ho built i;i'.n.. .m: ■■• .ii. -\. 1 iluiii- r from
Nupeko; ke built Lena All Wnpo from Bbe to Dibo and
.1, VftB dinvily under hmi. \\ hi-u E&l tp WOd pOOplo ho
0 llinu wllle itud build tuwua, and nuiuv of thfiSfi lowiw
I end flourish. Ho drovn Mi relative Bfara to Yauri.
a Mohammedan.
Stan Sanaa was dm d by San bom tfnpe, and lied to
Ib^im. Ho died m Eotoa Konub; hi de » ndaa I I 0 [from
Fgoirs ; one i f his Bona, an i Id nmti. being Don in Ajam.
.:. i.' ii Waa i to I the throne: he vae a relative of Ktsu
ia b\ the female side.
I Solo Nagari, son of Stan Sfozu: lie t- « -k !n"-
adrta cob tantly that the tfupe peoplo said thov would not
l D 1. riwng against him, drove him to
id in.- hthi rt fain : J 'jiwma,
and whan he was driven from the throne ihi* distriri aolWeri
hi, und has over ana i"'' a lepatate from Kupe. I
known as Egva-^jagwa or Diagwa^jogwo, the ohiof town
On dm death ne vraa succeeded b] Mamndn,
■viiM ii) -t invited the Fnlani to Km , who oa thai arrival bond
L06
Uaikie's Journey from
M.niiudu dead. Ho was succeeded by his brother Mam ; in; I v.
■liitive ^Trtjia (Mama -lift), of whom more afterwards.
fi. ■■ noiily known as Yikenko. from a saj
Of hit tint "hifl booth were oowout and would not a:rmri go
Eh wan -n haethi n. idthaugli all his family wnm Mi
Uirt mat ' athar baring boon X'dazo, or priest
of Qemoktv ■ bnrsj and open-banded, but often cruel, i
bo became khg about 1780. II*.- first began the praotlee of
si-Ilia^ aaalaTea captives tiik«-u id war. Bemg engaged in war
on Bgwa-djugwa, be Ured long el Soroge or B ::1g»;
ho wee driven to Uu-a. l»m I and regained bis throne.
He died at Vundugi, in Kusopa, new Daba-guxe
6. Zims i B lo, grandson. of EtauJia, was born in Zima« near
a; a tall, flu . marked with "bikini;" considered a
just, rood ting. He Lived lon^r -rit Wal.op. thru movrd i »
where ho was driven by war; then to ltagata. «
ho was Idllad about L810 by MGaJiaano MaDan Dado. In \m
time. lEajfa and Kbc Puleni iir<t madi> combined war, and th»-
!m nerd lii !;nr :i f»m1ri;r in Ni)|n\
7. Tdorittj or Edriza, son of Ztmade, On death of his father
he fled to Dorm i after a bane he crossed the Kworra, .»t Obad-
jebo, . ob the Fulani at Rabba, he liavh
tat Jang!. Muji* was call"! in, and bringing wi
oompelli <i to My. and - tiled for g
0, where ho bad a war ramp. Ho d - I
.'. buried in Oban. Bin full name was Idrisa Gam . H
a tall, fine man, v* ry dark, and marked with "biknns/1 Ik1
i\.i - I i.i ii in ^ abaci in 1 "!)'!.
Mafia daring all thin thne disputed die kingdom ; he wee of
Btsu Ham's I raneh of royal family, and hi.-* pre v it us title bad
been "iaikojr," which bad been held by his father, grandfather,
reair-grnndfathftr, Ha called in and ww suj •
and »)'■ f i r>f inlM-dinvvl thn div-adful civil war which
neoil] *• cd Nupe. Hewn for son I mi ettiod is Kahl*,
. Hit tin- death of Zknada tlie whole uf Ivusofs w
him by thn Kulaui. He WflS a stout, man of \- lloui-0.
Ilaxioni and no mar); ; his mother was a Kupa woman, a slave,
ait go(»il-li Miking-. At first I lap-maker; ho was born at
. i t .i buri i at I jjugamfc
& Btsu Isa, mm of Mri/u. noil represents the legitimate
brunch of tin- Bfape loyal family. At. first he resided at 01
i !■• 1 1 at Laboxhi, where ho was attaclted by Oma a and n
1' ii'- old Nnpe insignia of royalty were bunted. His now
in Bida. Itaviiij: pron««cd not to disturb the presenl order
of things. Sevi ral towns about Lorn have been given to him by
Masubu: ho is about II years of age.
Bide in A'/// \ to Kono in Jfaussa.
107
s
in P&uafb, Ifajrawas nxoooeded by his am Efaa Unto, who
a^i*iit in 1 kklfl ' ai.«! U'.ibbu, utidt:r
Ottoman Znki. Be died in [tnro^i, and wn - n- ■. .-iln! l.v M:i/u,
■! ul P|ii_uiim in Omnni'a war*. The i>rv«ent
] oafu i« nam [Sabo, bn1 common!] known on UabUi;
is RBcdfiOB of * fbtmer king named Sohu, u branch if
ajia':; family, and if In dio tta throne will probably be Bled
one of Mnjia's deaeeci ->f whose yooagei bom an
yet al
.Y//>\— R m *i T:;i i!'.-. i hi ih iinii ^ with Mnsnbn iii paying
to the Si! wondo.
Ifasaba was driven from fiabbe by Mozigi mid bovt
n after MaUom Dedo'- about 1S36.
idrkx ** Mim.im Dl
_Yi;i>-.
' Ma 10
II»hi
8. DflaiaZrtL ( Died 1859) ,. ..
4. Khahilrt, agi-d. Uu* 1
.'.. Mu*tafa
rmoro
Mnhnminn Nnrw ..
lunu
No children .. ..
Wmufu. or Timdo
l)/tu*
fi JUhimpt tiuigi
i*mmaS>lio.* 1/iikpnp.orManta.i • ■
nownytJw. K.ugofNupcUtsii*,' ''"M™
8. lbrthima KasidorTadoZiko
'.'. .\ uiirialu
Mint -SiD.
Flllo.
Bonui
Kororofa.
I Kipt
Nupc
Akolw.
* The other names ore Molmrama &ta, Mnha Saba, Mant>a, Cnn Sato, Nda
Ilk
IT.
On ihe. Rut, of fht Niger end ft ESu£m-» Tribufaridt : from Ihc
XoU-j'of Dr. W. B. Botttf, It.X.
M tbo and od Jone, ot h At itrt Julji dhe En
begin*- to rise between RabheandtLe t'oidlufiin . if 1 1:« i ... fir I
it- highest IotoI bj the tad "i September. Early in October it
begins to fell; thronriioatl . ■ ii mils rapidly, batata I. i
rds the end of December, and by Ebe let of fnnuary U
needy ii ktion&ry. From the latter pert of tins month to the
I February there is a second rise of limited amount
bba rariea with the sooean from B to 18 iaohetj tad at the
1 Iu< nca do« iini nxntted -I or fi indii -. Barli in March ii
again falls, and steadily subside* until the end of Ju
iiiiiu ■, Qcarara and Radona, or Lifan, hate ba1 one
perk I i . wliich begin! before (hat of the mai a, and
iica its height before the K\>ona haa begun to lull; U\\awkl-
108
IUv. IL Mautoiiell's Vt*U to ttx
mene» early in April and may poeaibly have earned tLc ri*e
observed by Mr. I-ninl at THtlu on Um 22nd **f afarek
The Kworm, wining from the westward, and extending
v degrees uf longitude, ia differently octod on in \-i
part** of it« eourao.
I'li'iu ViLuii duwuwanLs Eha rains are brought by soutb-enat
mil nnvt. . Is, and to ft mon* limited cacti nl in S [item-bar
!i-went.- In it* middle part the raina h«v© 1««
inflijinr... while toward to bdutob the chief supply
bv south-wost winds in September, OctuU-r, nnd November*
The flood* ttbich these oooaawn. Bowing through level coos
at aalow rate. ■■!" n-.r n aeh Imbak i befbrajaauw
Jul I, and occasion a .■•mull rise, Tarying in amount
at difl'orcUT pnini- •• tli the width of the river-i»"l.
\t the Confloeaoo there to * difference in the colour of
two wateraj that <»f the Bimi«? is of i leap tranapavatifl bin*-.
colled in Hams rt bftkyin rawa>H or Idncic water, while the
Kworra, from ita torbid muddj colour, b named "fnrin run i
•hi-i distinction is Loot wbi d both are in flood.
come down boded av it I* Mdtoicst
V.
Lur op Native Vocabularies or small or before utile kjwws
Tribes.
(Collected t/y Dr. W. & Brikfe, a.s.)
I. Yeakaa.
■ [fee.
:... Ayo (nrar Patoto).
EantaL
. . i : ".iiriyu.
»;. Tov
7. Niiijniii iT ... uii, \.r..).
*. Ki
£L Wura.
10. llftttL
ii. Raroulro.
■/Hide.
■
oom
!;">. Cn leu ;wi.' nr 1* -n
17. /!:..
V. /I Visit £9 //*»* NorOhEcwl Prtwinat of Wa3agaaoearm By
the Her. II. M.uxiu;i:iJ,. Communicated by the Right Rev.
V. \V. IvVan. DJXj Bbhop "t Miiuntuw.
JUad, January U, 18C7.
Tbe nortb-doil province oi Modi bj 1-invipeAna
bu1 by tin tmtira ol thi countrj Vohinmrina |
M level). This province i* vrefl
w,i(' red by omnerooi streame, irhicn, rising among the m<
14 mr. rior, Bow eastward into thi Indian Ooean, The
• lictveta UiJ» »nd Zurtja ili« niny t«a*ou end* on the 3rd of October.
North' !'<ut Province of Madagascar.
i the nh"!' il iii'Hiiiinii.Mii-, though pOaMeBBg along
uu Domaa of iti riven fau -h, *■ - r t i I ■ - rail ->. vrhicli abound
in uncultiv.iti-d \. 'p-tution.
These veJleya pmeaft era Aem to colonisation, i
it, with a little • -lit. rpriwo md outlay, bo easily irrigated l>y
'■■ <m< which flow throu-li their mi<L*1. .->ii.l vmjM thus
me capable ol producing umoet any queatitj "J" rice, Migap*
• .hi' , tod ui! other fcropiceJ produotiona, In the n i-. i spa i-
olfa Lhasa in ibf oountn aroand ilit? Ba^ of I' utires,
- mud bard timber thai might b$ \bm for ihip-
oi buil ting purposes, while boa tb#- mountains might Go
obtained abundance of tion«, and, awirdiiig ■<> the itati in« nt- nt'
iron.* I luivi bend aod read also that-eoal to found an
DOrth»W£«t 000*1 ;i' i plan- rnllnl IWjiii'I i .; . hi t lo tln«
i -it island "t XoariMi
Quart/ is found in ;'tnit -|i::int itie* Thif pttmBCC i- i.-m.irk-
fof the facilitie* it often i" commerce, bom the magnificent
harbours it possesses; as if lVoviclcnce had doomed that it
.ii.mld yet beoomo a I0*t of enwiinv, commerce, and eivili-
.-MltlOll.
Ihi ohii I of tin -..' liiirlHiiiM oil flip eiwt rnim! urr the Ituy of
Vohimaro, Port Loron, Port Lvquos, and the Boy of Di
Suarex. nr British Sound. Sir Itohert FatqullOJ BO ;
I • - -ti Midi :i rulnnv at l'ort Lu.|Ut /, ami SOOt ihipM tli--rv for
purpose; l'lii t in- Mttli-rs WOn DXDjdcred by tin Sal
... re then (hi nor lavage Bad Ian arviliood than they use
Bon IheboyoofYohimtnojid Dicgotfunrcx dc« rv< uur chid
notice, U>ib imi acroiini of their Baton] ad) i ""l fhwn
the adjoining country \<* • ;« h l»iii;' uninhabitedfl Wftii the inter-
vening iniinlrv ik not, rxeept bj wild bullock* Bad CrOOodiluS,
i ii, who sjicaid their time in hunting i"- wd«i
Mocks, and in taking the calves eithoz to \ml
Antomboka, where (hoy an tamed Bod placed with it" other
bomb
The Hay of Vohiiniirp U a fine (hoot of Water, miming inland
in a westerly direottonj and thai of from the lad as Oo an bj
■ i oral-reef wliirli ruiiH a I in i i-i north and Mouth. [The entrance
to it i* at it* smith -pairi corner. Thw entrance b oarxew. bttl
ut nea aad depth of watea tax any of oni lam at ships,
If tile wind i- blowing bom tli- ^outli^'a-t nr fii.'. t.niv is no
dasgi i in eot«*n:i^ . I ii! -wiili ,i strong ROiith or woutb-WL'st wind,
^i I1AROW is tin- jni--.:»'.'. . that i»i a fow moi nil riwiy Im-
on tho roo£1
• 1 h4fe Men lufenor iron, which tbowi tlml pcrhapt ihc jood OUJ" yet b«
found.
t Of court*, tliii »pp|ie« only H> wiling -t«m«U,
110 lUr. II. Macxmiell1* Visit to the
As you enter, the town of I baron n appeals on tin left, m\
on tin w<-..t. .<ml north- wort tho baj u i neloaed bj mouti
and round fa border, between thi watarand the abore-iaantloni
Iin»lin1:illis i- | boU Olf ':<■'•' Uld till HI b& 'i llll-i tl.
lln-lm. Ifau ball of wooil, iiiid (In- m.ainlaiii* lit yi anl. QmIoO
Up ti h. j niiMilly (uHureyquo \ .« V,
It h the pobcj of die Bovaa t" build tln-ir cita i I wane mill*
Inland from (I .-a- 1, that i'i ■ m t 1h> bombarded l>y
Preach and English men-of-war. This explains why so few
Hovn ;t Lbonu ft, Tiny look upon thin unall port ai a
tradin | place limply, and mi.' Dover tuero in large number*.
ezcopl v.lnii ships an En the harbour whan they corns i
nan) ih i'i- iiii (he i bipa am goao away.
Iharaaa Boareelj oanfaini mora than a hundred horn**, half
of which ai ;imes emj'ty. h "jem-rally <■
100 to 200 inhabitant* Whgnaeuip aithcti for bulla
present** a lively aspect. 'II..' Bovafi and Sakalavu Book in
from Amboanio a&d tbi rarroanding country* bo that Ibmui
at that linn- niiiy ham B population evi n pxeeediug InufX The
following day, after tin departm ■■ ships, Ibarann assume*
ite< wonted <|l.ii 1.
At the town of Amboanio, which us about one mile fa»a
•en. - ulii miles south of Ibarana. and situated on a slip
ii.'imv .nininiindinu- an i iteaaira vail j . watered bj twoxtrwuna,
ia the dtadeL Tin- i« about an u-rc i..t'hind, in the farm of a
Kqiiurr, enclosed byn palisaded wood Tneroaroa few cannon
mounted ut the corn u:: citudcl, and at it* principal
tnnoaa Within un tin- limine* of tin* Gnu-mor, the wH<
ami oldier ■, and the poa no. Xoa European il wa
plao "'in i i ilieiinee, .-cam 1\ •](■! ■nini; of the name of citadel
or fort or battery, ilmii-h it u not too DDUOh to ,:\\ that it U
hy hi. m .i ploOGi Unit, and garrisoned by it mi n handful
of disciplined solaiers, in different parts of the country,
iti ;.nhj« ctioo asd Scar tin nniKjuvrt'd tribes of
Madagascar.
Besides thin citadel or rova (fence, (xdisade), a» ill' natives
call it, the town of Amboanio comprise* two other divisions:
\iv..f\h>- /(Uhina tiif b&rizany,* ur i>iru of the civilians, iuuI tho
town of bhoJBakalaVa- i tin m -i 1 >< ■* --all any < »1 1« ■■ T i- n "I Imu-
a town, ao that them an manyt Uiinatown) HancOj
the eitodt 1, the district of tin rixdian-., and tin du-tn-t of thi
8akoIa\ make up thatown of bnboanio. This town confc
from 500 to 1000 InhabitantR The population is very lluiiu-
ating, aa very many of tin- people who have bouaa AtAmboa
• lltrrixmy'n tho native corruption nf ■• Boiirtfmiis."
North- Eaai Province of Madagatcar.
Ill
ithernoi -.n theSi rfc^'grounda, and tboy
UW&J 1 1- -ii. Afntvwmrt ,',. i,, nthflL AjJtn, Ih' Suku-
I lii-i ■ mi., lii it ha) i •■■<) ..; tin I fttvim an I ••:' ih--ir
galling in I LpT E E liTIBg in thr e< -tint ry, and only 0OBM3 Dp to Am
boanio al toe annual ''.■■:, al aoSaJti lara fena ol Mai
the I ■■! OJ I LPOUl il .iinilur groat OOUa*ioii. .
ur to -*11 tl;t it dee. Tin-- hoaaoB in the country are esreraUy
In tlu- luithv- tli<ir tindna; bai ■ general nam
them nil. and tli- oountrr where they an l-mi;, u J
{Awbtmj, " mi |i i '."aindwfo." bamboo )f beeaiue ii
rifiir tin-in. ;..)!• Till Qanu *"« . i nil *h.- mail
* i Hi •- .. iiinl lln- whole mtinfry l.iwurils tin- interior, is A ii»1- *-
hai ■.in--, .'.-., • rh'- ooun&rv about the ^ourooe ofthi
[nan any, " tbetey" fata- " bead," nod rantA " vster»M
It ii Hi Am banivolcsotAndohaitno, that ib- «roir the
principal part of i . sugar-cane, manioc, sweet potato
So, Ail the bonseeof -4 cuboajuo, lii<< nearly nil to Miulagnw-ar,
<i wood.
Tin* uuumbm of the nova ofifaen an peculiar, inasmuch aa the
iw\) gabla mi UTs, ui oaoh and ofihe b »; ■.■■:•■■ outdo bo
and extend higher than the top of thaEoof. Xhoeainl i I i
of the Governor extend highest, and those in lh< bona
i.ng t- theii t.nik, arc cith.T high or loir, No
one must make his gable rafters as high as those of hig
•upcriors.
Dm Betsimsarakas build tfaab honaae, general]] meaking^a
litii. above thi^inuiul, u |>ra< i wlii Ii tin-) |ToUibl> loomed
from Buropoans, who an; * -« *i i ■ | « 1 1 ■-• 1 win- i In w ■■ m \I:nl
eajx d living on the ooeat,to protoM UwoQeBlvej Bran
malaria ami 'lamp.
Tln*y mUo kn |» tli.ir lion i.l :ii-:if. mucli ii
bo than tin Hoven and Bakali ran, I3ua,tooi attributed
to tlii'ir intercourse b 1I1 Buropeaaa Tin- beantuulh fair mnn>
U'li.mcoa and 1 1 * * * partly European foattu en, and
tin* [||llll\ luivi-li IdjiiIk ill V\iliillian' Utl I i-NkmIi.ti- Irail (ii III'*
itrppo itiou u*t. ninny Kuropeaus (soma say old pirates) nettled
en [Ii* aaat COaSl <o U&(1 ipwnir, miirrifd imlivi: iiumcii. .tml lia<I
ohdldren,
Tho oountry immediately around tin town of ojnho
Sal • soept that between Amboanio and tho aea, which is billy,
or. wiiat wi- r.ltoulil cull in Kni-hnfl, downs, ThoB" dOWBJ art
rery extensive all along the coast al NTohimaee, and afford
splendi'l feed for oattlc. The bullock- ol Yolnin;ir-< ;m tli. In :-i
in Uiadagasoar, and fetch a hij-hrr juice at Mauritiu-t than any
othen
The beautiful valle/ between Atuboanio aud the mountains of
Il'-S
Jin: II. MArxDJiKT.i/g Visit to tht
the Interior, and stretching ten Bovarel rnflca north and south, i*
sd bj the hro streams Manaml> irj and Fannin bona .
former about throe mils* to tho north, unci the hitter about :
i" tin- tooth, of Axaboanio, The soil
nature in main parts.
AtproBQot ii i ovojn I nhiofly with long grass; but, if irri-
Baled whh the weten of the nbove^cntionea rh
Mete to grow id abundance nil the tropical product
DOOMarjtO nuke lharann, the |>ort of Yolnman . B ploo
lerce; and then indostrj and civilisation would sp
ii.iu the north of Madagascar.
The it b nor faun Amboanio, a* in nil the north of Madi
in niourit:it!ii>ii- ; U&Ottgh, running between th<- mountains, there
uiv [argOi rich, fertile, and well -watered, but uncultivi
valleys.
Many >•( the mountains arc wooded. Tin- niii.i pah
growing along the eoiinu* of tho rtream« tlint wind tin ir way
juim'ii- tin mountains, while tho trai too is fomnl right
at llinr Ainniiiil. I \\:i- ;i-i'fitiliu;; »»rn nf tht-M- mountains <
with two natives; tin- water wo brought witf:
long before wc got to tlio top. I began to bo vci) thirsty; the
lua fftl '-'iv Sot By tongue wu parched, and I could not
l»uroik<- oi'houk If » )d 1 [in'l brought with m< without wati r.
astonishment and delight, nt tho very top of thil
mountain, growing on if"- rocks, wi n i Few tran U< : an
pierced them, and out (lowed the wafer. Surh ih ;i t*ii
unit tses ■ I • i»o merciful iirovivii_.ii of Providence fo j>1*.
Ifyotrieot in ascending the mountain waa u» ascertain the
nature 0 the country beyond.
'I'll.- rutin naho also la of great vnluo in M.l<i. :l..
natives make the i&fteea and amen of Lhi ir house* with :t ^ ntenia
tad thaythatob them with ita leaves. Be idea their bo
hkalavaa make must nf thtui lamias, from the learns -if
\\u- nihil jwlm,
TIi" cfaanctei of the country between Volunmrr
Bay nt Diego Snana "-■ prettj much tho same as that of the
1 »-mi, ii v about Amboanio. It in mountainous towards thi
(• 1 tori end in many plncea righl down t<» tho sru-nmmt, Thiui
jlIiiu numerous and 1 ' Dairi valleys, well watered by numi
-in. .in.-*. Wry little indeed, however, ie known of this pa
tin- i-lntu]. _\- 1 paaaod through tt on mv way to Antmnboka,
struck with one peculiarity: ;ill tue plains and rn
aTf dotted over with palm-trues. The native* Mill thin |
-mttrma." It rows nearly to tho Im :.-lit "I the
m . but often bigger in the stem, with the leave* wry much
like tho loaves »f thovakois, I should have thought H
Nfrth'EtXSt Province of Muihiy '
11.1
the rakoi*, but thfl natives knowing the vakoia and ca
tliiK by the word "mttrana" nuikrN DM think thai (li;s inii\ be
palm p. niter to Hadfl -wear. The following are the nasal i of
Umj plaoaa I stopped at duriii • my jom nan .
M<whnj. Sept. •ith, 1865- SUUtttd Tom Amboanio ubout
12 o'docKi oroased ih'- riv<n of MnuaxnbatY» paaaod to the weal
of [barann ami the liny of Vohimnrv, and oune, about SffJCj
ii» Maintialaha, .i \- rj uaal] village of sol more than *ix
Ir fa tIii- [aal in i ifakod pfice I saw till 1 came to the
■ubwrbi "i Entomb "ku.
Tiuwlau, Ttih. — Li'ft Mainliulnka jit ll o'clock a.m.. IfflUMvl
the rivor of Maintialuku, whieh runs close by the village of
the aamo name. No cum: aoaeetl an alto all the
iilldv.;!'.!-. ir i;i\ |i;tl;;iM|nint Uiriu' li_\ m\ hearers. At 11a.m.
aimed at the dvoj of Mauamlmto. Tin- m . i i- not ride nor
Breakfasted under a few itieka Bn It En tho ground and
red with rough grass. Btarl <i again after breakfa&t, ami
cava in t\\r evening to Baiuunpano. Water not good* My
beat ni. a temporary but fi» the night Shareware
lotn of jKiiin-tiri's in tin- nlaea
TlWncWa;/, (tih.— Bad wry liitlr (dtn-p hut night.
moeqaitoce were both big axv nntnexone: Qioy ;;n.iily to>
Dented me. I was told thai tbc moaouitoes in tbi ndnj aaaaon
i.ilws, 1 wa- ni N.li.mipano at the EBO I feTOOr
able iiii''. and jre-1 Ihoj kepi un« iron. -■. -n »g nl.-i | ^ft<
Leering Behampanol travelled through o country 'I b !■■ dow red
the palm-tree. Hub palm iflTen much like the rakoie.
kfteted at llemonp), in a beautifully shady spot. 3>'
the afternoon 1 coine into a wDi j between two ranges of hi Mr*,
mill inn pome wild bullorks; tli- -v nth.-:- <:i« or smelled us,
and made off towar'h* the interior. At 5 r.M. ero«f*l rh.-- r iv<-r
kolona The water wan op to (he china of mj be
Beeted for the night at Andriagianoly. Found sorno small
iviiirli jir-Miis nlm pnr.u.-il it*, tlllil ::i.i'i< "i I Water.
The pftlm-treo continued to beoome fines as 1 we&t north. At
plil'< '1 I" } " l\< . M l\ [ill .i-il.- fl.S|H i-t to tin -■<!,. TV.
Im ."'//.- -Sioj.t u.-ii the night previooa; no me*
LroubL I mci Bteited on ourjounu y at ^unri**.
tearing Vndringianelj wi oame to the top of ■omaruQCg
grotmd] where on munon ra] ovj Full "t the palm-titjo,
Jar awaj tovraroji llie intedor ol the eouafirj and boondit in on
the north by ^ high range ol moutatna running down to th<r
m i
Port Lum'I'"-' which euna oonaidenabh inland, cnmprlhHl on
to tiiin oiii <*oni -41' to the north-west. W< frcakfootcd ut Anlra-
aoaalampeoa The woter w ..ir. 1 found th*« »un verv hot..
VOL. XXXVII. \
Ill
AffL H. MaUXDRKLl/g Visit M the.
ma through tin-; raUay ; my Dim got T<»ry
. VI D 0g 1 cainr t - » n n\. r. and found tlnU !i part Ol
had i il before I and mj In-art i* came up; in
roeanuli! the tide bod oome id, Dad n iM not en
90ked m\ 'iic it buti irulw
and grass to • iri\ • away the mosquito* and did
povrcz t" nab il:- comfortable. Al mi aighl
gai ■ otii, nii'l we otiMBod, without trouhla, both due i
odoiIkt; and at 5 o'clock the next moniiu_' I <ixn< np to
Bedrakaka.
Friday, 8th. — After hwalrftrtlng at Bedrakaka we
north-^ast Thus, by i irth-weet the daj before and
.oust ou tliin day, we »t length rounded the Inlet of th«
.1 ''.I 1"! V'ffX \Al'\U< /. Il.i«l a 1|i|< lUlill Vlrw n\ til
sheet ni mil ir .i* I travelled along up the mountain that 1 had
■< )i .'.il- "II jii tin* north OH 'I Imr.nl.iv morning. In ill" OV tiling
arrive I i >Iaca called Bemamnrikia ; h is close by the sea at
tin? •■ml of toe range of mountaini above mentioned. I
aid .i oool seanreejre made bm i njoy this pla ■<■.
"j, (Mh. — Left the previous night's reeting-pla
. man-hod through a pitched md across an
il the ee, whan the tide was out> til] L2o clock Crossed
widest river .ill tin- v.u\ op. No canoe; mi
rulty in passing. If Bill men lrnd Wit l»cn lull. [ Oiunld n.i!
have got across dry. My bed wus soaked, and :do-
all l'iit [cat The lad aho «a» carrying it was bein"
troam, whan another person sefcecd him ana
helped him through. Boon alb came to Iheville
. which consists oi four hi ki# ■-. < hi-. k>h wnro I
Bfyrioohadnmontand 1 kb1 men on tonrar
10M. — Siopjuil ;ii Rodo. The men "I" r
returned just loos enough to enable all to have a
-iipj.-l <in Ilii- iliiv.
Xbndoy, MM. — Roeo very early and left Rodo before- 4 a.**.,
■ -■■ n nl .i Imujj jon if y ", fore ne. Afl ti I avolling s tea
hour* over hilly and irretrular country, wo arrived at * funall
villain of nli., ut twenty houses, called Antnnanarivoko]
Little tatananarivo. Ii is uUiuUnI in u plain u f»»w Ii
wulk fan Intombofca. From this place leant won
Governor that I would visit him oh tin- morrow
I- habit of the Malady ponplo ; ft >r unless you acquaint the
governor of a town of your visit, he justly looks upon your visit
n intnisi.in in.! insult.
Tuesday, 12ft. On this day I left Antai
after travelling across n plain, ascended the inoun vhich
Ankmiboku is luilt and cctoxod tho h
Kurtft'EaRt Provide* of M'-Xthtyascar.
::-imboka, projuvK -m.-tiI. m ... , t! ■ namo of a verv small
go of ten or twelve bonee* riti don to the l>oy of
i ii'i'/; but tltc name I I ■ natives and
i»oan8 to the town op citadel of tfcfl Ilovaa, culled boiuo-
H iiy the SioVM VdIiiiimm hi, and by tin- ^akaUvax Ant-
rffigy. It is a fortress of the Ifovas, built on the top of a
mountain, which on oil sides is defended by projecting ami roe*
einitous rook* from invasion. Tli.-r.- LTC Onl* three ways by
vmiofa tii-- top I- reaohedj all of them exceedingly diffleolt
is DB Chfl si.ulii. ODfl on tin* uvsf, :iitil onn tin tlie h:uJ I lirst
i ■ *j i' 1- -i by that ou the south *id«- i * 1 k - jununtam. Ju . f
■ coming bop 'li" "iily menu of gi Iti ig np h a
1'i.hli r of Irmii K» to "JU luot, Haviiu mounted t i
Ufa iteelf out before you ou iruich b built a Sakalava
i * the Sakalava portioi] of Antumboka. Higher up is
the town of the civilian . utd higher still ia tbo re.<idi:in'< oi'ihr
governor, offior-. mid Mildier-.
Ibis town U bo naturally and almost invulnerably deli ndi -I
that it I'l'iiu.' the key (<> the vholeof 11m nortli of Hadagaaoax
The Jlovas quite look upon it in this light; so that while
I soldiers are stationed at Aiuboani*<, [uit<
la-pi at Autoniboka.
ll- k are two small villages, near which are Uio |>orta for
v* Iburiiiin in ilic pod for Ajnboa&iOi One Ei celled
Ami , and situated at a small bay a fen miles south d
the May 'it' Diego Subzck; ft oontaina nearly a bandied *
DtB. and i* tli" [K>rt tor Arab dhr/u ;.n<l alx.tit «S mile* irom
Antomuoka, The other i- the very small village of ton or
U'o bouse* at tlio Hay cl 1 uVgo SuaMSE.
Ebil bay U ben&Dins to be known by many m one of the
in the world It is oompletely protect'
of tin- Indian Uceun, and rornpri*c livu large tuurboVZO.
Ihe scenery aronnJ is extremely beantiful; the soil ia rich
healthy. To sum up all that is *aid in Um
preceding page* tin north "i" Madagascar i* bcaltby, well
and fertiJflj possessed Of many materials on it>
j for shipping ami I purposes, and having great ml-
iomniaree En it> one and ipackms harboura, This
finoeounti-y. how rox»i ; i I i >•;> ttfainl] o habited, and
mrcvly ai .il cultivated. Tb an quite mtuifiad i;i
rice for their dad) v Dt of
■ of an iiii".\i'-.iiiji_- drink i
"fottfca;" but are not comofoui weal Ou enterp I i
reeonn ■■ b kUtifuJ c omtry. i may men
in conclufioQ, that the n\nln from IS ic Comoro Eslandu,
and Zanzibar, are the ( da ipal traders b the AQS& *£ V^W
Kaimondi on the Riven San Govern
^oscar. They trade chiefly in gum copal and other fznm*; fa
tn Madagascar, which they get from (ho natives in rxrhnn^
for cotton-prims ; For, notwithstanding die eflbrti
oftiK- Bkitthfl^ainst the daw-nude, several slaves > '
VuHiiuurr under the prvtrmv of being the wiilnrs mid wniini-
df ih «>>vuot8 of tho Arab dhows, arid then sold to the Son
officials Tho influence of the Juabs upon the unlive* Is any*
thing but military.
One Fr« nan. M. fliiliM-t, lives near Amboanio, and
is the agent Cor M. Lebruu, of Mauritius.
VI. — On iht Rivera Bam Oatna ami Atja^ata. in fht Province
of Oarabaya, Psrv, By Professor avtonio Ivaimonpi. I
(V>rn*ftpnudiii<; Member ico.s
Ke\iJ, February 25, 1867-
Tiir, want of agreement observed iu all maps with respect to
rivers of the province of f'nrnl>a\a. pnrliriilarlv those known in
flu' eonufij under the naniot* of Ban Qavan and Ayapata, d
me to make an axpodition into the*.- deep kndean ruL
to dire tvir ili. real comw »<l the river*, from flieil SOUP
tlie Cordillera t<> theft inaction with the [nambari, to whi i
nearly ail tho waters of tin* in-ovinee of Cembaya aro tributary.
Although tin- ol'jrrt, of tins Dit'iiioir is to make known tho
course oftfaeee two river*, namely, the San Gavnn : ml tya
;. . i iv tii It osl known,] propose, for the better nnderetaw
of thin portion of Cumhava, I" make i few general 0D8en ai km
the mos inoa
Tin- prowueeof Caruhuya. so fanoiU fol its rioh :• M-uiin.-x, i*
in the southern partof tho npobUe of Peru, and is in the depart-
uunt of I'iuh'. It is bounded GO tho north and east by th ■
republic of Bolivia: on the 100th by the provinces of llnaio
Azanzntv*, and l^mpa, in tin- d< parti nut of PQno; and on the
west by t lo depertmenl nfCasna
A great and elevated chain • •! mountains. ooTorod with cuow.tm-
TOZMS the piovincofrom east to west, di>idiit^' it into two unequal
portion* la the portion to the soul i of this peal banter
sods on elont* d ii'L'ii'u. tin- lnweat |M»rtion of which is rm
than 13,500 English foot* above the love! of the sen. To tlm
north of the same barn, r ure ihrown i nit many nimitiontiona or
secondary chains, m niiieh are found deepen m* narrow
rallejs. watofod by as manyriv t.., which, uniting ibnn tho groat
ICivcr Iiminbari.
• All ahiiuita ar» given in English ft«t
and Ayoyato, in Peru. 117
In the t]«vntf)4 region to tho -out!, of the snowy chain lies
capital "i1 ill-' province* besides the ■roaHex town of
. • i in the region to the north
of the peat oboifii and in tin- upper poxtiOD, or as it is called in
theconutrj theaobaosra (or Eteaa) of tliu unuiemu* tjwbrntLin
Dating Miore, aro found dtontad the other tovna of tlio
LM90.
The town of Crueero has a wiy oold olimate, being situated
in an open plain, 19,742 feet above the level of tin sea. Ita
temperature daring the daj I « zoeed 50 4(>' Fnhr..
at night in f i 10 month of August, one of the coldest, It hus been
known Lo descend to 12 20* Pa&r.
An opinion may bo formed of the climate «>i tin * »i u il uf the
pon imvoH '.<ti in' li unilt>;'ir.;l inli M in fin \ pp
la tin**.* elevated regions the temperature varies- greatly : it
is sufficient that the sun be ubseured Ly •!• !■-'• ■ ■!■■ "I- i-> .«' <■
tin' totaperature to fall eonmderably, :i; may ba toon by cons*
ngtL "l'-<Tuaioiu ol'4th Oetob'er witli tlnmc <-i the ^1'tlx of
month.
Macuaiiiii itt th< u o-'I village in tho proviutM' < ! l"nrn
my*, being ! 1,222 Gael above the lave! of the h& The otbi r
towns of the province wtiatfld to lha north of the snowy Qhain
onjoja more tompomtci limatc than thai epital,aiLd an situated
^eon 6000 and I I 500 fa t of elevation.
(Sending by the varioua xavinee, at the hmdl ofvhii b
ii n i.i be 1 "i valleys n enl red, where coos, c
« ill ar products of tropical regie
Jo tlu>r vulley* tin* ti'ii)]>ri>Ltiio*^i:i4lunl)\ ineirjuteK. in I
■-'la tho eastern plains, until the liner Ennmbsri It rastthedj
I- lowest part oi the prori i ' i *!»<■ >ln n-> -tt'iin.-
■ mi lb month of Septamb ad of winter] the tem-
i. dura - the dav exceeded 80° 60' FafaftVi and durin-
uizht was CM
The mpp r port lona of these narrow raviuee do not offer many
ii; .i - to tho traveller, fci although the roads are mffii ■n-nily
\I ■ |a «-k; iniT il" tin' j ii ■
d to the i'"ii -k then tho difficulties begin,
:i. !- obliged o i a foot by escarped paths, full of //mi/
txiXM (dangerous spots): finally, if it is desired to pom trate to
r ie i; i 1 1 .: iban by the ffusorada of Ban Gavau ur bj Eaoui-
ii expodi! on ia not mdv v. rv difficult but even perilous,
i path «rhat&n r it to be luum), and the explorer is exposed
i or killed by the arrow* of the ■ ■ * Indian*
wages wbowa id i aboul the J<»reets»
The jud ption of which is thaofcjoct of thh
memoir, aiQ *ituntc<l in tho western parte! the [>roviiiee.au<
in
IUrMOOTf on Oi* Rivers San Gavan
rivet* that fl'iw down tbom hiw tit name* in diff*
portions of their course. As all the mane and description*
;■ ibei to p '' lished relating t * i die ■ >m • ■• o ' \- \
on !■•■-. Ineorrecti I will here • result* of mj none.
Tho rival known u Baauavanfin the province of Carnbeyn,
Las its origin to tho i -nth otf iho Cordillera N'ttvadn, I y the
of i!i" itream thai naam by tho town of Macon
1. 1, ii-i. goa by ill. town m Oman. The rhrea Um fanned
< i the I i N« radn I j ■> narrow 1 I ■> mm; it-
ili. 11 rani I y the tool of the ■ : ■
lower down it receives an arm from tin? loft, which de*c*nde
I'nnii (1 *.' or li;il)ii;itious of Chfe and Qutchu. Al 1 1» i-
pouit it commences to take the name of San Garan, which it
preecrv-< until ii join -l.
In u woric published In Pari k L861, 'Scfenei et Paytagea
dans lea Ami* a, the author, who signs himself 1
an icoonnl of in expedition he made by thoguebrada of Mama*
pata, in search of uxe town of San travail, and nays tliat tho
River OB ihaa with that ol Marcapata; which is ji!*«*
lately faW% tor I hate followed and pertonally toon thejnn
of iIp' ELives (lavau ami thi InambarL*
Um River Avapnti, 1 fa] than the preceding, ria
(jhe Cordillera Nrvnda or d *sd6aa ridge already iaen-
tinMi-il ftfl dividing tlw province oi Garabaya into two pa
descending towards the ninth, powoc by the town w ArapBti
and taken ill" immr by wbi< h ii is hero tl<>sigimf<'d. One li
further down it joins tho Ituata, which enters from tho ri
it tin 11 reoorvei other rivers, ■;. ilie tamho (trnv
roeting-plaee) of Efcqnilaya. changea its name, being known
this point as the rarer K-.jur
* nten the Inumlutri, without n uniting with either tin- 1 1II.1 ■! <■ 1
or. Baa Ge/ran.
On the I6A taguat, 1864> I loft Cracero to visit, find, the
Ii<-ad-vvui.r-: «l tin? Ayaeala and Ollaehcn, directing my *ivue
towards (In inwii nf >hu uMUsf, a distance of Ifl leagues x.w.
by w. T!u> mad go« to the right of tho River Cruoero along a
ccnaiderable plain coTered with small gramineous plnnt*. i
direction of an elevated mountain called Kenaruari.
thra leagoi i fan i niccro the plain is lift, and, retiring from
the river, :ni uoenl is Bade s<> u to crow koiihi nuiiifl
nx tin- n
to bt 11
u.
• Martrty « work OQBtt&Bl runny otbt*r in:uriimrii'», ami ih<ioltI b* look**! upon
lata
Iflltol Olttt M) kt>lc 4 WfilA'l. Ullll UIIV Wliu lift* llDii L&C ' | pO 111111
[U i
dcri»tihg to moch tfwa the truth, wJun lie OO&ld, L'\ fnilMully tlacrit>iii|c ccux>-
thOf M new u P*m, liar* iuiinik'd tho ruaJvnt uuoh »*or.. ihan bv feature
«tori«.
n* lln- prixtni-l iif a vUid iimi^iiiiilion. r.itli.r than m ;i tnilhlol comjKHttioiL
BDonlend reaSdMthai enplovcil Ui talcnti Iub ihjiL ■.''
Ayapaifij in Pent.
Jin
vui.i ■! i:\in, from winch descend several streams
ur to the Kiv. -i- Cm < ;n. Iitl- march is continued among
mountains until the Otswtlo of i ; rrwhi'd, jil.i.vd in un
opon plain at 18,596 feel above the level of the son. At tins
ni'Vi i.il stn-aui* unite and form a moiiII rivrr, v.
also into tli" Orooezo.
From Aj'vaui there is a continuous rise, pacing near and
to tin* right of tbd sin'wy peak of Kaunas vl I* of
traohytie rock, and fo i of a ir.ni.-vv-r-.tr duoa which
•'•ni juk! w -( '■m cordilleras fanning towsraetbe
Weal the great mountain ksot "1 \ ili-i.iu.tn. 'I'll- niu t •'[>-.
portion • I Um md is L5,9U bet above lie level of Kfae sea,
and server u &0 WOtonhod botwoon tho streams that, descend
.-• Likt Titiraca, and those tirnl flow towards tho Athl
I'm , tlii- point a most beautiful and imposing panoramic view
bottomed. On tin right ii moo the ?na extent of (ha aloi
Hera Nevada, with its imtntMiv ina^cs of eternal ice,
dominated by tin- bvgfl mountain known as Aliitt-Uoajxw, very
little itil'rrinr to tho UUDOUS peaks Of Sor.itii and Illinmni, £
to bo in the continuation of the same chain, and belong m» to
Bolivia. On the left n observed another chain, projecting here
and (bete In icy peak*; these belong to tin? already mentioned
\ ilr/auuta knot.
Continuing OUT JOOney, 0 descent is mmle to a plain i-x1< inliti '
b fcWO chaiiu of RMHfJ |H,d;.-i. on both sides of which
descenil various mumih-. so as to fona tin* small rife* that
paiBSOS by ManiMini, which. ;v. v l,tl. ■ == * s* I -. .luti't: with the
ii. mil foriun the river Ollaeheu, or S.in Gn*an. Thus all
Bten thai Don down into tin puin <>f ."• i . ■ ■-.:
Cordillera Nevada to go to tho Inmuhnn.
• town of Maeusani is on the right bank of the ... .>m.
tt an elevation above tho soa of 1-1~,&23 feet. The bti ilm
I.-, town m iho prepaxatioQ of (fkalaiut* which 11 EtB [itincipal
Le of commerce with the othei towns in tho province. It
Wis in tin* town that tin: Ciu.i '. alu ti nvonlv voaifl ago
obtained rrudkot, or hybrids from vicufiaa and alpacas, of
which at tho present time there may be some BerattJ in
Maciuani, although situated at a tfroater elevation than
ro ii:i- in it :i oaLdai climate; Ala w owing to the einum-
i it In:; 1a tin I- il uf o j I r via,) ana not in an open
plain like Ciin
Ajc no road to Ollachen along tho banks of the river
• lu Peru ihahma U thy name yKcn to mutton thai iuu been tailed uniJ dfM,
nr rutin r li> the whole ■he*[» In Macuwia chairman nn pnqiuriNl without tho
. ibw arc called Nif/rrtm.
120
Kaimondi on the Rivert &*m Gavan
at the point where this cuts through the >■ In, I
decided to go from Maoosani to Ayupau, .«> h t the
source of the river Ayapata, and thence pass to Olb
v. i lag as elerol lion of the Cordillera .ides
the ravines of Ayapata and OUaotria
The town of Ayapata lic-s nearly north from Macncanj, wwl
(he mad ha* .i general n.n.k. direction to the summit of the
Cordillera, and from this point to Ayapata n.n.v.
Lesring MacusiMii, tin: plain lyin^* f -* t %\--- -j t the two chains is
crossed; mere i< than a continual rise ttrajght to the ea
Cordillera, which appears to the observer as a high and
impenetrable barrier; but on nearer approach, it. i* aeon ilmt
fche land is derated gradually, and only in the highest port
IS there much inclination.
One and a half league from Meauaani two small Ukt* are
passed, and a little further on, at the base of the Xcvados.
another like b ildrtedj called 8oc&llAcocha, thu blue watert
of whx'li pass to tin other lake* to form a small river, irfaiofa
in M-iciiMiiii.
The mOit aleratod portion • •:' the road i* dhtmnt from II
sain three short league*, and the pass of the Cordillera is not at
much elevation, because the road posses through an opening
l.irtwv.'n tin icy peaks that rise on c.ieh side. Tin- allitndu ut"
the pass is 16,546 feet above sea-level, being lower than the P i
OB too ned from Oraoero to Mncusuni, which connect-
ramification of the Cordillera of Vtlcarmta, tiici eastern < Jord
forming a sort of ki»<»t.
Arrival fit the culminating point of the road, tho truck forms
a sinuous path, skirting some small lak-s, idler which the
descent soon oomnv net--.
TIhtc is litilt- or do vegetation on the Kiimmitof the I
djllcm, it being reduced to roefa pla&te iu the Yartta (AtoreUa
rmiatii, Peru.), which grows among the rocks; I mam
miceum, AVill.. and the Smido humillintia, Schultn. But it
.•!,;' uont ! U K il. when the . SchulU;
Stnteio Ayirpatauti*. Sohalta, and the Bowlctia lobata, R. u:>
appear, A little lover doirn oommenoea the cultivation oi the
potato, and i fen huts an neo hs ■■ and there. Vegetation
tinuce to in< ml tin* i'olh wing planta are seen gv n
i ti ,i<i}i(.?i?Jtnr i,t! •
Boholts; IfmjM Sclmifzu. WodtL; Lcmtadio f. . I •■ . . Wedlj
and somo Lupin*. Hadiotia Oldfersia, Caloeolaria, Vh>rto-
The road is noir .i little better, along the cdp* >»f •> ;
formed hy the streams descend from each aft
bcooino more numerous, cultivated lauds nro of greater est ut,
and Aijapala, in Peru. 121
and some trees of .y/ffKi, K. and P., and \$at>a-
Unm, Sorliln, with banjos of Soma of ■> beautiful j
colour, p[ivo mhiu* id.- to tin; wono.
In this quebrada arc cultivated, the potato (jSMonttfli faSs-
Toxum, Lin.), aod tlic TmflO t'VVi SMSotltfll ttthrroxiim, Lin.): the
inhabitants manuring the land with the ashes obtained by
burning aU Lhabraoana^ sticks and leares they run collect.
After having progressed a little doom wan three la
the Cumbrt, or summit. ;i rivr Efl pa- < | equal In
size to the oho followed hitherto, and wh from the
.!li r.i tliut dividfM the (OWZN of Ayapata and 01la<:In.a:
tin ii noon commenced the ascent to Aynpam, distant. :ilnm| half
a hnr.ii
\ fB\ s: I n Efl ODfl Of the better peopled dJfftlicffl b the pfoi mii'm;
i: population in 1862 brine 2869. Hie town li«i LI £28 foot
abort tbo I'-vi-l lit' the mm; ii ii-- i Moaxc place larxonnded bj
trees of Sance (Sambuew J ' mplaiid;. On ono
i i' of the plana there is a large boon I" Longing to Seftor
Lgastbi Anagon, the owa i • J meal tie in die rail j oi Sao
i, when au^ar-caui h cultivated kr the BUUSfflfitOfft of
amjardiantei
[Tbo town of Ayupit/v n rabjed to imJBjw, <» miat, gonerallj
towards tin evening. Ii. ia n dense that objects urc not to be
lied ut a few paces off, ami it mf •rc-jti". the li^Ut
to warn an extent! that u tbe bouses artificial light ho* I
retorted to early in the evening.
Ncariy all the towns situated on the eastern slope oi
chain, and betwei n 800Q and 12,000 Gael above tbe lard
■ sea, have tins inconvenient visitation of tbe w«W*iww.
The phenomenon is owing to the ourranta of ::i bains in ono
lion during the day, and in another during il" night, thttj
i-imiing o sort of atmospheric cl»l« and How. In
the elevated i" are hoe torn mist and on the contrary,
the lower and hot parts aiv tilled wirli a d« i. .m "I
vapours, which, wen Gram aboi •, looks Uh • an ooi an i cloud at
Ml.."' .'I t.
Tin- derated portions of land being a) these noun • spoeed to
the lir-:i ray? ol tin* win, an heatcilf and aonmnted ;i
she lower and hot parts is therebj caused, The son aJ
■■:::■• --ni. iii:iii. tin- !i»'.vt-r rogion, and evaporating
a largu quantity of water, the six become* charged with
i and thi sSrial Gamut which has been sstsM felted from
below upw ii i \, goes on taking continually u»w vapours tov
the iterated parts, which -. i insulating; but as the
totioa has heated the atmosphere •>: tl
become dissolved in the air, until tin: evening, when tin;
\2'l
[UlXOXO] on the Rivers San Comb
atmosphere becomes cold, and then tl»c vapours are in jiart con-
densed, and become vv n-r in tno form »»f nr/Vino, or
08 more ana more romsc by the acousQuh
fit' the! vapour tli.iL nomei fana below. Night arriiws,
action has oeased, tho atmosphere pete colder even in
part*, and then i contrary corrent, to establish
atmo [jIi- ro Mjuilibriiun, ftllfina the void produeed by the dilata-
liuji of the air by tho action of the sun auring the «l»y. '
i .- i 'ii (u nil-- vapour* ensnonded in tin* atmosphere of the
ilvai r t of tho lower temperature of
tin1 iii"ln. an ■ il into uater, which falU upon the i-urtb.
und too air beccin* tl >) the morning die elevated
I in the dawn ara JJrue from luiat. Thetc constant i
cause tho climate of Ayannta to be very dump, producing a
disagreeable wiiMitiun.
\r tin fool of flu town of .\yupata passes the river, which wa
.ilr( ,i'ly in- illumed oi Otlgl in. several lakes in tho
Cordillera. At one and a op tta ' affix fros I di town it
■ i mother email river, collod Yungamnyo, and one league
lower down, bora the right, the river Ittu
The 20th August I loft Ayu|>atu, directing my step* towank
the towns of OlUchca and Cornni, so as to discover what i
; 1. 1 ilitt of San Gavan. The dUtuiKT- Wlumi
Vvip.itii and DUaehefl i» 7 leagues, and tho rood oonsisti
long ascsad and stoop deaeanfl The Brat portion of this mud —
tliut is, from Aynnut.( to the '•iilimn.iv m^ point of the rauiiti-
ol ill- Oarailldca separating the two towns — ih not very
bad, but bom thence to < Ml i ■■ it ja very bad, being a succes-
sion of *tlo|w dc:*n:ndin£ to the rut r.
iriy tin whol way the direction is easterly. The i
i: -- ■; liull .i kahili U 1'nn ,im\ in ■
crnniii" i'i'iiiii Mjh-ii
I.' living Aynpata, n journev nf 1 I :in Urin- u to li lako
half a league in lengtn. A little further mi the mi I
nii-r. inclined, ami traverses a district of met&morphi ■
latum ; below, to tli .: U-t't, another lake is visiM< - tin natexs
rhich have a milky appearance. Continuing the i
another lake is skirt •-<!. ;-n«i jimnpyinj; onwards th<
over mnitlc took which tntorvsnes serosa the slata i'1
ascan rotation diminished, uud, ut a certain elevatio
reduced too ran ckuBgBotQtntiorm /trim \lij lUtnoA sadist
Some 3 \t urm imni Ay.ijmtn tho ground becomes more
brok 0 I "I. pawing near to two other hikes lite ascent
path lit-** nvi-r hiy«'r* of -Iiil.r m-arly \« rtic-al. Th-- in<-t fit
i ion of tho road is ( :, | above the
of tin* sea.
a-nd Ayapata, in Perm.
m
From Hum ■pot thfl dananl (mjhuvta* bra tmmw T*Br
oY^r pound, t Ollad*-*, Vr^J
i.iim.ii, ih.it h i I in til v disappeared, return* litiL- b
when ration btuhon •&&&**!&+ Crob/*, Ld*il«\
Bjcc\trUt Araluu Gay Lt*mi>;\«. and J/.wcn .; ; ..u i ;. h
down ihoM planta on replaced by othen <>r' hug
i ii. b u a • until tlie town ■ >[' l
none ;" Quo rfrca*.
ODachea in ;t small place, built oxi * Uart gtf^l
i !• w yards above tin ri\
I- v.l of the -i. Ii 'ivjoyjf i t - -i ii j k i.it- *zd
and is not subjected to thi <!.■:.-.■ d ,*ta. Jtn «tii
plhT .\. m in.'loes, rather d&mpt fiii.
much, ho thai the public wjimn i, A
oarrwi .-• ^r*-'ii. romp) < -l nritteipally afgip itfctVra,
(lllli-il A Itli .11 m, II " I ■! - n;i ! i
In thfl \ icinity of i ho towi
OUl of B lonunUnii of liiutvtl Hi .
water hai no odour, u transparent, and U* a •
taste. Its t* mpi'nihirr win n i-ih-s fnwc tJf^^^W
Tlie river OlhuO
S*a G mes from a ,u.bjali. w/r-L iri>j
i Hie near flu- town and iiflcnv.irds tp'w fanMaV Darr
Th<- 21*1 Augoai I l« in illarhm he tl rj,.,
and Qi icho, wi iii- tbj i o& L*:uiemr
rivcratuat form the &n Gavai
1
ting OIL* h» a, •*■ of 4 ^^o
tli**s 1 m tin weal tmS is
i ..... ....
< i M *
a* a *.
Hat*.
124
Ilaimondi on the liivcrs Sun Unrati
'Hum fhsial Ifa a end WolpM Pan n i **uafi . W< Id* end
'lumps of ArortU'i. The most elevated parr u'ih,, road
i.i L5b700 foot above th> to* I oJ the nca,
M'ti-i journeying a long distance bctwean snowy peak
Idct ia BBartecL ana after orosaing several tunes a stream r hicfa
rnini-x ulll tit' 1 li i.i I ilii- i. ml <lr ■■-,■( lull ii'! .t nil siilrl.ilrlr I In llQ< . ill
>j 'in i. Lttainod. ifuny utream* de^
to ill • ijuebrada and are crowed on the* way.
Tin' river Ghfa, formed by tho union of .ill theaa Btreacut
•j li agot i lower down onifc vritb another oon
:. nl Hint Bown onward t > i.ln* i'i ver Ol luchea, incorp is. If
tins lust 5 Ich_mi< Uliw lit" town.
Cliia is a collection of babitatiou8| 1 1,4 40 feet above the
level of the sea, and rni»*".junitly in a ml.i climate. TLa
i ployed in the breed i njj of gavado* or cattle;
they grow tie u st and largest j>otatnee in the department
In tho vi< iiuly ar«- to h mi the ruin: nf mi tin. i- i.i
1 ll" (llllt-'M til lit. i IK' i ill.- .Ullh H,'* |ll|' l|!l :
imiit on lip- slopee «>i the BAOimtnin* hy tho old Indian*)
Mill iiv. I.
Tb :< ologica] formation of Clua is Silurian slate.
I ied Ohm to the caterio ofijuicho i« Ion than '•' Icaa
a road e o ading as fur a* the - wee of a Blream along which
it rims, and tien descending 00 tl>'- other side to tho ravine
1 'Kiclio. This valley been more powarfu] stream than thai of
I ii&; lie- bvo unite 3 baton I to eaf*ru>}and Hoi
iv.imI, as before mention" :. > ihe livaj Oilac-hea*
lo villages of Chia, Quioho. Pake, and fvipata form a
of the district ofOUaohaa and taki the gemera] uami
r .mi, which hai been erroneously placed in some map si
tliut-'t BOXO* town. Tile lam 1m nl' the Ar-nrunm produce tin l« |
potatoes in !'' in.
The village* of Pa lea nnd frigate ore situate*! in other
est tin- water* ol which da not entar the nvnrOlbi Jjba,and
it i* believed iiiat they join the Uansapata i:i the department of
I ruca
Quicho lies I2.G07 feet above the level ol th" sea, and be-
bwa d tw.. streams, which jam near the chapel wish enothei fthi I
descends from the heights ..i Pale
to Quioho to the town of Coreni there ore 7 leegut
road in a south and south-cn-' ilii«-< ti«>n I <-a\ing (juirhu, tin n-
is an nsceiit by a Htimll nivim following I Bl nr-r.
Two league* from Qnicho we reach th tnoat elevated poi
the rota, I .".:":( u bal above the sea. Thil point serve* as a
ional lino betwe n tin v.-!m.-- tLt flow downward* into the
Quiche River and those that go to form the Coram.
and Ayajiata, in Peru.
VS.
From the highest point of the roa.l there lb u descent to a
plain containing three lakes; the 8nl fa m ry Bmall, tin- neond
half a league in l'Mjptlf. thr> third the gnefloet Tb
lakes are the sources of th> ri t < oranii but the road does not
lio along it* bank* beouime tlir* *tr< •■• througti B
narrow ravine ; the path is therefore over the heigh'
deecending t-> (In- rivw .it :i slum distance from the town, which
ivr a ,'itoni* bridge of OHO areh.
Oorani is a small town on tlir nglil aido of the rfvar, and ul
the Tout of a formation of trachytic eongl<nn«rBte. fts climate
w mthcr cold, being at an elevation <>t 18.074 feet atari the
level of the sea. This plain is rarj badly rapptled, and its
kbitante cultivate only potatoes and roar a bv vi o.
Tin' river Cnnuii, at 2 leagues* distance briber down, "r
baton the town, unites with that wliN-h comes from Mam^iiii,
and, joining, farms one river, which run.-* in a dorp ra\iii»\
catting through the Nevada chain \ it then posses by the foot
of the town of Ullnehen, Hewing toward? the interior, and
farther down receiving tin* name of San Gavan.
After having visited the sources of all the rivers wh ol bj
their anion form theOUacbea, I returned to tin* town, with Che
intention of travelling down the ri\er 01 far as possible.
1 .mi Oorani to OUaobee the distance is 6 leagues, ;i of
frhlch tiro a continual accent until j < news aro reuched;
ill a other 3 farm a descent to the town. Un tl
the mountain of Ucantaya, eelri.rjti.-ii for iu rid iSlver-minos,
discovered at the beginning of the bit century. At pn .-. ni
iln j are abi ad aed, in consequence of the warn baring fallen
in ami kill- d 1 1 l oral ol too miners.
The river Olhiohen runs throng!! a noim wi narrow that
in many I'H-t- there U no room tor a road; consequently, IU
foDoWJng the COWM Of the river it il rnpiMti t-. walk along
a verv narrow and sloping path, :.r wove tha river, OOO-
i j 1 1 1 1 i ■ 1 1 % ascend o . i ad 6 cending. Borne tow Icognce farther
down, the ravine becomes *till more precSpitona and I te patli
ppeare, so that then- ih do poc tbility of ps soing •■■
therein..- of Ihe at ream. At pra-M-ut i iliManen «•: 1 li ,
only >kan be reached, as far as the points kn •*■ ipii:i mti.I
< Ihuani.
In descending the narrow ittion rapidly bee
moro luxuriant, and the varied oftho lowers would add to tho
Imuity of th* bust gardens. A short di ttnnna from Ollachea the
lovely Amaryllis wj cti wild, b< the elegant <'i-wna
■tri'lt! nd leautifn) species of Tliibawif' . '.'., |
OswffisWo <* .hotr*?*, WedcL and vacehttoul**, Griesbv;
mum femdHomt, Grrleeb.; Vufht-a cardaia^ It. and. V1.-,
i*;
lt.uwoxm on fAs i?itYw &t* Gavan
SmdofkyUvn auffufaSuou Poir,; many specie* of Piper, Pkfo-
iUmdron, Aralia, Jfomtna, Ac.
I tat her mriTv than lwt» Iragixv fnun the Utitu ihn ravine
appears ae if it van ft • dosed by a high wall, of more
than 200 feet in bfiight, formed by almost vertical lay.
limortonu, and in a direction transverse to tLo river. I;
this gigantic natural trail arc seen the mountains, covered with
forest*, and a strrarn that ooir.rs fjtlling from a height forms
cascades of white foam, giving life and beauty to the sombre
green hues of the fore*
At thn point the river dmcribes a curve, and run* across the
vi-rtiiad layer* uf limestone : of narrow pas. Further oa
i-scomes narrower, und follows the margin of the river,
■ iter of v. lime* covers the path, until arrival at a
?<ot where the valley becomes a little mnr»> open, i the
ampa of Chasm It thru dot ■ n again ft httlr further down,
ami i inatea.
The 1'ampa or Plain of Chuani k somowhat low, being -
{net above tlm h-vl of ill" *ea.
Although the Ri'. iiea, as we have already ouserred. k
the saruo stream i r down is called Sin <>avao, it »
necessary, if va course of r ••■van, to
ii to the town of Arapetn and tako en id, these
■ nn |sith balow the Parana of Chuuru onto when mi fimt
. after baring dcaeend<Ml by the ^uulrada of OUacheo, as
i 1 amid, I Imd to return to Ayapata,and take the road
that enters the Valley of San Guvan. On the 30th Aug
kyepata tor this valley.
Lc-; I pats t| ■ g rcaral coarse i- audi ig to
tin River fougaxaayOk the waters of which at a littli
-ii : that is, at a Iittla more than a quaii
An e aado on t: i other ado
until arriving at a height called Apnchecta da Ecaco, one league
from Ayapata- There is next a descent, am! Rulnoquent a*
and saanv stream* arc orosjed which form a river. iiLich, Ikr in
the h,t. nor, joins the Ayapata or E quilaya, ondei the name
of the Qnillahambo, T) conf:n;i
point caued Alto d I t ■; ocuat. Prom this height there m a
• 1> >■« d1 pa ting tore ol h ■■>-. v*hieh, liko the formor, take
the River I mho. Near the I ,-
is a tthepherd's hut, and the spot is called Mufti
II tho streams peiscd flow downward* to the
Sao Gavan. En i).< • a] irated regions there i* nut much »
tataOOi follovmg, among other plant*, wi d: —
•aaviiim, w.j Hunitnciilus G Ilnruh.; and
some (Jentiana*,
and Ayapata, in Peru,
\Tt
From \\u- Yaijitrria flic :r:i.*k 0004X0004 9kfating KthflV nniln-
i.itniL' ■■■ ctal ■■ . ami doaoending ionic twi I tgn itothi rained
tapata. Near the tambo a large rtfeam u ptiroinfl,
«n<l oo&tuHU&g en tori. : ■'. mdm » omi |i ii..- tenbo of
(Juitoii'|-ai(i-n. --Jirrc (fci night is L'Ciirralh pin (L
In I i ■ I ijB mi ana of Tambo »- given to
tin thatched or covered rating-] instructed in tin.- unin-
habited regions, whfch serve to shelter tbe traveller from ibo
iaol'in n< y ... v.\\c, at least faring thi night.
Tn miirfy nil tin* narrow vullry* in llm prOri&OB of 0 .ir.ilnva
the first tambo met with descending; from the Cordillera to m
hot valleys is called A'*/"//./.po|fc .) 'ji.irlm.i vord Bqmrmli
•' portal of tlio format;" uov\ Batika hi <%>ui.-hua mean* forag^
ition, a wood, iv<- all and elovated plain.
D*tt4ly, * tabli'-luml. Thi* word Xarhajiaf't iinlii-jit«'« tin- point
where'thc etorile and cold i leraticai ends ai d vri i n ■<■ Rotation
i'» iiiiui arc... < '■ tly in all 1 1 ii • qvttjradat of flint n^irni
the place denominated Baoitapata (nd&ataj the ontraaeatotho
111.' IllJuriT WOl^lril v.illr\.-..
. D ili • points "1 ■ Vrnbuya tluit lmv<i thi* nam.*, when
1 1 .« atmosphere is clear, the most beautiful v ; m-il,
andthi in: .-.i ; enchanting panorama imaginable •< tin
if the traveller, i proad oof before
I in i. i-;riii. i In- i ■, aal extant oC <-<nmin , i (tending to the ^reat
plains in b H taaoij fiiniu^ii which wind the
num>-n>:iH riTin ID earprntiiu: cnurae*.
i rtunataly, this magnificent sight can seldom be ob-
c dense while rape ass tract* and
the traveller i a befa vaporous ocean, out or
I thin- arc thrust Up. like small islands, tbo sum-
iniuitJiiiK rnvrri'il wit i \ -.. . >n.
The Umbo of Quitonquiton ifl 10^73 fc*t above tno level
of the sco, where it is still cold. It is in the form of a largo
rectangular apartment] with nt- 1 ami built in an
place, covered with sinall plain oeromclas and of Vac
'i/t.
A i- v. |i ... t- irom the tambo commences a very steep do
by D II n run mil in-;, tlir si>|> s , { \sliirli ;uv OOWOd Wltfi Vr:<;
idioms *oan nuiko thoir appeariin . t II <i
liy Gluaiaaj with (hair. Beahj leaves* and tin flfasfweaeflKwo i
loaum, r. | ['rum its lai.ji- lr- ifFury l<a:
I b ■ id 00 we advance beoom
■ tr[i^ for tin' moat part, very unequal, so that long distances
have to bo travelled on foot
The n ■• tation i ppee snee ; nil
the trunks of tho trees nro covered with masses and L^voXv^a-
128
i: LOtOXDI on this liirtrt Sun Crumro
and now and then a small tree of ChincJicna eiw
ip i i-d.
At a £ood leaguo'* distance from tlio Tainbo of Qnhonqnitoa
another shelter is reached, called Sochamacani
ttboTO tl»*' 080-1*7*1
Prom Sju-lmmacara the road continues by theridi# of a mi
tain in the midst, of rrre-fi -i. •■- ScTodaphytlvm, SoC At
the aides of ill" road tnuneroua mosses and lyoopodioinfl cover
i In- -i in ii :il :incl hi tin- iniflht of t Jus mrpet tif en ntqgamic plants
tutibs nf Vwla aeatna, Bcmorto, f * P*r-
■ . ft&
Art or ono and a half liotirV mareh from the Umbo of Saeha-
ira we arrive at ( braklX&J % whence there is a magnificent
view i if tho great sea of foli8#e.
Auotlur league lower down is the small tnmho of T.itAnaia,
hituairil in ;i small opening »urroii!ii]iil by thick G rests The
dhnat* here is temperate, tin- plaei being situated 7143 fa
deration nbowa the level of the .sin.
I :..:n tin"- pljii'*' «»« <b.*Acend to the tambito of Huavi
kuiKa, «> :;* i v ii i_ in the road a few plants of t'i/rut/?*a, jfifaifa,
0 Ptttffj and Chuirhmtn rnrrinSd ff).
I 'he tambo of Jiuayruro-kunca is l\'S\ feet above tho eea-
levol, and in in its vicinity nru >• en i i.my smnll trnnx nf Ctuw~
r'dl't maynifvlia, Wedd. Tho heat is now becoming more
more felt, vegetation is wore luxuriant, and trees ore DM
nhsiTVi-rl , ,[ r-.i-i.l^rable else.
Progressing onwards, the elgtftt Cecropiafl betrt □ I i appear,
with their brood leaves lik« pm mine, with
their beautiful burn-hen of Id-coloured flower*, and gigantic
gra8»es nC till- II)iinltiiH;( i/Tnilp
Tho land becomes more h-v.-i, and now some cultivated coe*
palehei arc mtii, and I hero i.s ptv.v ul"d f..r the first tini" to the
sight the Uiu Grande of San Gavun, at a point, --al !•■<! (.'h.*-.*-
mayo, about /* leagne from (he lasl t-.u d-n. I n ■.. < '!>..- .u . .••
10 Bangui is half a leapue, at which | lace in otto i times there
■. now abanaow d
; ifl 2809 ler! iibovr this level of the sen, ill ;i climate
when coca, gugar-cano, and coffee, can prow. In tin \i.initr
alQ 6blbn'ed Ifomitil'nl Sijih)campf/lii9t Sidat. AinartiUis. dhin*
no, Wedd . and Purpurea Pav. /...''<■ Q
. \\ i dd • and a in< Bi /.".■■■■'. with ro*y Brack it, hi I. .
in the gems rTe&xmiia, recently created by Dr. Weddi
honour of tho celebrated English Quinologist Howard.
Leaving Suugnri, n river is pawed which come* from >.-
after ffhtcli Ae route is by a wry bad and narrow road, exca-
vated in eompact ni'iMiini jdiif jdate.
and Ayopafa, in Peru. 129
At a short distance is seen a river, which come? in from the
i ].p., a. -m1«- to that of San Gavnn; then eomo utrconv? wo
iNtfged which full 0YBT nn'l,-;; *0 tln-n arrive at Ihti InmUi nf
l'acaiiugj, one loaguo from Sni^uri.
Tlu- T.imln> Of Parai'msi H v«-ry snnil! , il [fl DO J» 1>rnntifnl
plain, where there was formerly on estate, but when a plant*
■iil thai remains. In tho D > wood
:ii- K>ma COffefrbtttboi ami phial I liav.- Ixn i nu-
ll Ud. 11k liunl of tJii i u\ . which .i|
have Earn tin* reason of its abandonment.
Leating Piae >as-:"l, dun th.* -rmi
rivor of Ttuaccacai which joiua tba San uaraii at a bv
of distance. Tin: Rtvt-r Yumcc from th
di at to the tambo of Saefaapatai n a [« ib coarse a. multi-
todo of itroamt, Rod whsa it incraaaai by reason ol 1 1 ><• fa riteti
jt id impaawbla. Generally there !a he* d poor sort of bi
composed od sticks; but srhan I was ban I bad u* okob toe
river, atta&do I i j da&g r, by fording.
Ilia road i« continued ou the oilier aula "I Die riter bj a
narrow pa*?, nasaing some :m<i i r<
through tii" <imk Sreali al otliera over clear country, nitil I
bed the hacienda of S. Jose" da BelhiTiata, one I Bo . n< iVm-i
^ ur&ccoea,
Thb bacfenda <>r farm belongs to IX Aguatfa An-a-. >n. an
ind intelligent num. vho a1 various time
ontorcd them nilloys, non collecting mfrnrilln dow nor]
if gold in the Ritar PiquTtirf, now o ■ J*be
• ■r India raEberi to make clothing impermeable to water.
Hi; BXOI ion ■. however, hav" n^t ln-rn repaid with much
Tho brzn of BeHnvisU wbb founded 8Dm< fcwanfa jn
■ugax^carjo is onltivatadj horn which treacle and spin! *
pared, and - nl to Ayapata for islfe
This spirit or Afju<tr<ii •»* is f<»nv»rdoil in tinned COppOT Ti
I !-. two of whiei holding, amy fiity pmnds weight* all
Oatuie estate are cultivate I, h-i.! . |i no-apples,
and Indian corns this larft serving an bread fur the peonea or
laboum ,, who como in to work, and which El sold to thorn for
about livr shilling* tho 25 lbs.
The Inliourera who wort: bare an Indians from dfl of
Ayapata am Ituatn, birii g thomstlTcs lor thirty iroddng la
abont tiro ihillhga a & • l theaa labourew are econoa leal
and take their own pp and d thirty daya thoy
-• l-i <l il!.trs. op about SL '. on the oo I if the) n
I m ions from llie Inrui, which consists of Vfuxlona or dri
M.I, S\A\ II. *.
i: MOVPI on the Bum Sen Gaean
mutton, sold at about Bta thflUagi the iheoix maba, ehuno, Ac,
ralue offbeat !a rabtraetad from their ;v , ith.
The valley in which tlir frnm of BeUaruta u fitiiatad u vh]M
n. in eonioqai acs (rf a gronndloas tradition that than
axnted onoe in the ricmitj a wsj rich town of this uame 1
iagvritb nUfSodcbsl i< had boon deetroyod by the < I
» i :•■ Indians. Although lln-n km- kvn v. nl ■[- who hint?
even t\:tl''"\ the vol} day nn which the invasion of the ChlXJ
took I'l.n'i ,• I (l - )i"T i- h- \ e nofa 11 town an c oxiftaL
It is tree iln-n- ofioa existed a bdoaII province named Sam
, which ji long timr before 1707 was joined in put t tlu.r
ofOantbaya, 111 pari lo the province of I.;m < mj.i (now Bolivia!.
ait) and Lampa; but this does not imply that there
exiatcd a town of tl m U1D6.
TiiMv anno groi • in the existence of an
town of Boo I lavaDi but various maps givo this name to a ri 1
tot cx.mijil''. la a ■■•Mill us. snap m ina M uaeum at 1 1
data of wl i-li i not mown, thi nam* of San Gavan i giTcato
1 rivor OUachca, a* it i* at present netunlls known there. In
map "i L80I, the Etirer San GaTan b the mo* a*
iiu.i i-liu.iri. the source of the Inatnbari. in nnoiln'i
map, which belonged to the late coiimogrnpticr >•( I'.-r:. 1 '.
nio ('arru^-.-. which I poswaei, arc t<- be seen n
old mi--h.lL>' abandoned (or many years, and there is obterred
q 1. //../..; SkmQavoa/w moregiou traversed by the i
I U.ivhrn and -\\ ;ip. I;i. lull in nunc id Uw m.ip linvr I m<:u tiny
point loading to tho existence ot a town. Lastly.
in Aloedo'fl dlotionarr. publiahed in the laxt century, there
11 tin l.Miniil u i.-. ,ii" tin. provinoe of San < ■ cm.
do DCn con (pond with th i».-ition of the valley of San Garan
I la -ed 01 the maps.
All tin 1 1 0 ■> ■■■ dictions make mo doubt in the ead knee of a
iwn nailed San QavaiL 1 believe that tins imoginarj town \\m
confounded with the Apororoa, whieh is proved Ly doon<
aianti not only to have earietod, but to have been very rich in
gold, and to have had b lame population, still tui/ town, aa
VTI Hn* tlmt of San Juan del i hvi, have not been dcMro} «-»i by in
EUVI •:"!! <»f MbVaom hut by tin? t*low deeitv of tln> miiir-.
The tnn.i r.i i:!.,v (;. ih in a beautiful plain, on thi ri
lutik of tin rivi-r rallrd San Qavnn, and 2,442 1-
I. ■ I nt 1
• M Pnolo Marcoy, la hi Boraa -lc» Amlm,*Miy5 ilwt during tbf nl^Ul of ih*
15rh to 1I10 I fcih of JJi. i . ■■:. tlu: 10K11 of S*n Garui nu lomUvd Mai
' ' unuiyu* oud Sui'liimani* Indians, wltivJi it bnl a dram of tii*
iin*^iiatiim It i ; ,rti) ih»r hi* wr.rL- hie I.. I .. ni«lt'UtioUI Bull ■
errur, m Mr. M«rUutii. iu Ms hu|iunui.c wurt • 'Jruv i in l'i ru ui I I
and AyapaUtt in Peru, \\\\
aro hero no venomous animal* n* in othor plaoea;
ami other beast* of pwj ata at- nol bond ; so that dug*
may hr Ui'Ut, which it :i >I til. CAM ID tin- IbNftl Of I Kb ttofca>
;iatl liiiaii'icn, where dog* find implacable ooemi
wild ii -li.'M.iU i f iln' feline genus. ^unl-IIies are nut u!>iiiuhuit,
btXl lll-.Tir 11 IT ]>J lifV of IllCi:.|ll;tiU-N.
A pi -t i "ii ,n i-.n (., othai P travlen niDoja, are th« nrarxng of
hut*;, vbosock tho blood of man and beast; thus it i- I
• nble to !•.•■■ i1 arirrnala foa Ac • iddlc or for burdoD( a
:y sort, for ti .i-y become tiiin in n i. w .\\>- Each b I
will receive two, th , v tn m bi)
the blood the bat sack*, a large pun tare,
o that tho animal !■• ■■ ii; ■■"■ i'lturl to a night than it can ro-
• i bj its scanty food.
The absence of cattle and h it difficult for
the labow of time irituonl Pal
ill. and b I for this reason Ibej onlj contract to irorJc for
y day*.
In ooarrj Jill tlia forest DortioiM of Portland wlwn than is a
ikyof&eah meat thalatoaTera ar *; »- <l u> •uivw
illness they call Optfarion (chlaran or obstruction) .
of anemia or want of tho plfutic matteQ of the uuiifeetiDg
itnolf in pall Di U of tin rouuti ii. U tfi . urution ol
I « of iti> og b and at times bj rcnera] iwoUii
wivai. lb ttacked irith Ira tjjfloaac cannot work at
anv i-innloyent
/arm of Snn Joec1 i tli. last civili ■ ■<. i Ml'mrnt h<
rrnchin;: tin- country peopled hy WlgeS BI tin.1 prOYUU
Carabaya, consequently it i* exposed to be I and
destroyed by these beroeroas neighbours; Indeed llao I 4 mchcn
Indiana haw invaded the farm and killed people^ A few yean
a party of lavages caroo and encamp* d at a Mmnll station
i. half a league from Ban JoaA, with (li« intention
of amnlting the init. r ; but a goo oasualty fired off put them to
*o rapid a flight thai thej loft their born and arrows oa the road.
- >l wji.ii D. A wires Rioherte was a rator, tho
■ boa oame to San J one and killed a woquhi, tn IS'J'J the)
roada eno u\, and killed wiili an arrow n labonrei named
BaatUo Zarato.
The bdiani who dtwi-iul in work ui. tin* Imciende of Ran
i j>roat fear, and enppotto every now and
then tli'_*% hear the crn:* of tho ('hum -ln^ «-:i th« ide of
the river, or .-■ tnolc? from their Qres: indeed, i' ll vuth
difficult) that LiU'Urj- ..o ihinined to \\<>\k . ii tin haci* i
-ins to ascortaia the ajxai t point irhere tin1 San
•i tho Eiror biamhati 1 andearoared to Kn&
y.1
132
RaIMoNM on thr Hirers San Garni
i
junonjr the labourer* nf Sun ,To*i! winm who liml ihi? nm
i-t u'.-'MtupMtiy in*'. With some difficulty I obtained Indians to
convey groat iras necessary, and a youth named I*. Jimn dcMata
Kh|ii •Iiii.-, vim I j.i. I I- ■ -n udiuiuixtrttov of the hacienda, m
red to aeeompanj . and share th uffi tiagsofovery sort to tc
one untors I b to hazardous an expedition.
Those onlv who have explored the dense forests of ;
wi broken a count?} as tliin < t' Car&bnys, can i
tin' difficu lii i tlmi present themselves. In cur ease wast i
I the risk of m eting apart) of the savages who live in the
neighbour! t.
I l. ii S.ui.Imtmi 7ik September, taking provisions Jbr fifteen
days, rtarching on foot I»y ji narrow pin, which pnsrtinws
to the little abandoned farm ol Cnyopi, hull
ire pasted on starting the river I Ihaqniinayo,* dch bad bul .
Xheioad runs a1 a short distance Prom tin- m r. i
iliis ]i< ini liaa a strong current, and fonni ''.»**.
Among- the treca I observed aw the CRi \ ■■nrpuna
(IVv.) hihI t.ln« HH.-1'til Carfitifovteti mlmata, W. and P.,
tencta of wbiofa is prepared the material of which tlie
Guayaquil hats an made, 'Jliis planl ho* different name*
" oording to wboto it is found in Peru; in Carabaya it is called
Half alftegne^s distance hrCayapi. There are norwid-
acocal, and a thutched hubituti< owner at tho time of
ca harvest, which i* called tin* Mila.
i lu leafing Cayapi all trace of a route disappears. At a few
i l -.' distance ;i targe stream is crossed then the ol thr
mum river is followed* We bad not frpno many furta
■ at obstacle presented iteelf which completely impeded our
■i ; there was :"i and to level ground, and the river washed
the bas« of u lii:.'l» barranec, or i loarjx •! naked ro
He i"iv.-r being wide and not fornable,it was impossible to
ii'": ( . tin* i. tin :• •: <io, mi- 1 w(s IhkI no help but to climb ii>
precipice. Two of the IndianSi who wen old Peruvian bark-
Ii n it. is, .mhI awiiKtomcd to audi - 'b*ta< -lcs, begun r.. oonatra -t a
ladder of branoha of trees. All laid down then loads
shared in tin- labour; wirnc cutting with their market** the long
b lides, othi rs t!..
othei ' nas called Mora, to sen e ;i- tap
bm<l ti.« laddei togi tbor. Jn a moment the uprights were
position, tli« in- 1 -'■ j>s vrera thru 6x«d, and dim
on that! were tied, one after the other, mtil tl
Botss the berrenco vaa very high, and
derdid not roach the summit, it wns directed t<> m nerhangi
and A$a\ ■>.•■>, u Pcnu
li ■!.'•«• of rod The Indiana pUmbed ike first ladder, I
materials op to awko a second whfc I react to the lop
i iloufl operation. 'I bo Indians loaded themsolvoi and 1 1 gs i
I; '" I'linih by hands and fi i; v.. fallowed, and got
aafek to tii' km. We than continued qui touts through the
I by a declivity so item tlmt «v wit< in duu»or ol slidii g
ito th< iiv.-r. \VV Mdi i' bul one league to-do Dg the
night on the shore of the Biter Ban Ga in. A.. ■ protection
tbo rains daring the right, the Indians oooaCrnotdd ft
rammla- ur Iiul. of branches, covering it with leaves lite* may
nod ur band, i '. id i takinc il water tight It u astonish
observe tbo dexterity with vrbicli tl;* _v eoiihtiart thrse i m aaai ;
uivu*toiin*d to iii'ul with nature, th.-y Ic&Ofl h"'.v I ' I fa ftdl W-
-I cw i ythingi Tl •■ forests afford all tlu-y ivuuire. They
an Lkatehad in Carabaya with Uu leares of a palm >.
Game, a species of Iriartea, which they split longitudi
down their leaf-stalks, placing them In *u<-li u manner ilmi [lie
cuds of some oov< » I tic baees of ol b ■ roof «»i slates- in
!\ all the forests of Peru tliajr generall) uw ihf L.'!im^ •»!'
ill. },h>jfrtvpha$ mavrocarpa ; hut in t '.uul.:. >:dm iu not
known, ao tbo Oatno is substituted.
The tlmtch Ihmi.l' laid on, tb< pound is strewed witl.
■ vos a* a bod and keep* the tro\
the damp earth.
IV-duv we continued om march, following Ike course of tbo
.. ; .- : divi ing much from if bul round was
troll ii. •■*■' k -i ai much u poseibU to the racy brink of
at when any obstacle presented iiaelf w had t"
i ill.- fi.iv;i, tip- Indians Oat with thair machetes opening
way, Onr couiee varied continually; wi waul nortlL-eaet
tin- some lurlongB, thei \ .
\ it. i- :; «ng half u league another st< op * - 1 » t i" wm oneonnl i
and ih'1 a me system of ladden was resorted t". descending to
the rarer, when our mexeh fbi a I -■• B id ngi was to tbo north.
Ike geological formation i> sleto, in plncee risible in oeady
tioal layers. Vegetation is exuberant, and tb branchai of
tin: bro to and shrubs so interlaced tlmt tbey form a thick no)
work reojuiiing tin- nuohetfi to clear e petit H cies of
UrctUfma and PAanrnssosi b, cso&kiog
down rroni oleTnted brunchea to the graona\ Uu m out otfaei
-■ beooflM bq Ena&j 'ranks; one plan
uiiil. r
tlit- iii'»<i eapiieioui (bnna, M »1 the Banu gejiui
.' are useful ; some* known nndai tiw asune of I
o u strong fibrous baric, which d into rones by hue
lmiiiuia ; utin rfl produoo •lfU\ or Jndia-ruhber. There aVQ
184
Ralmosdi on tht aims San <7i ■
innumerable ipecJcs of palms, tree-ferns, canea, CWepiar.
Erytfa i •.'•'. CVare&UL Ofat&tiaa. They grow bo dsbi to **ach
oiIm i t.iiiii tin ■ i interlace mi<l form r. compact thaftcki
difficult lor llir Miri\s rji\-» In [irtit !r il ■ ; tlllU In wn 1001
marofa was in darkness.
Aft'-r hi '»in descended (o tin* river, the * -nurse was
i <ml I -i tot tome (uTlongs on even ground thronph a wood
|,im .\ M I., i li . iM < ' ;-< jailli -m* us iln P.i in i !■ Mi Jinn. Then
COIOfl AI:ir!iiirli;ii'nii:i. win n in IB ©Ml bolfifl ill ill" rock
composing the teak « l 1 1<«* main n\ r, and it ia tfaongl
olden tiling ill OPS WIM r Initial! hciv , Mill, rxroptiii^ tilt' li< •!• *.
i stars . there ii ii" pa itivo in I i
A smell ii. 'i and some streams aw passed. Continuing a
wmlli-ciisti rly direction :iih! Offer slate-rock, :md * little fn
on in d for the night, hating only made two
daring the nay.
We oontaanod w- roots lo thr> south, the river fanning ■
rnrvi". n\ 1.1 h I.;.--- i if ji i Miirir.-iiii. \ small htrram mw piuml,
a&d tbo tnuin riv'.-r »m fnllnwd, running between litnikt* of
slate in Dead] rertieal (Avers* During iresbeta the rival i
two j irdj Wghai than it ■ at present. Nownnd than wo *«*
small Minn la in tb i river cov >rcd entirely with vej • i ition.
.\f b -ii •■! distance the direction varies t.i loath-east, and
.-ill r limp; tl:«- Iwnd in the river ccaecs, and the I
tlii ii Use nnrth-ea»t again. We hud great difficulties En making
I-, through the forest
Ail. r having marched nearly n league, the direction
tiiiiutilv i ■■• arrived on tho . ih on* if tiie Rivi
i y season hua but little wat< r, I :t i-' unfordaWo
j freshet*. The md of thii riv< arfferoaa, awl.
rke wore comnnTHTfl having for object to giv< tl ;*
(I HA In i"> tllirt "ill fn III ll.r lilt] Vf (til
grater fnoility. L 'on \ ■ . tin Arregon, owner oi Ihfl
Ran Jose, having disci rered the remains of these wi
intUii'f'l t . i.| in this river ; but, En
seep* >■■' "ftb difficulties uutt presented themawilvee and
the liiih' profit thr work «rns diu.vintiunpd.
There i-» bo doubt bat tl*at the Itiver houitiri contains
for my followers, having washed aorne oi the sand, tool
parrJolei of the motaJ,
rVi tin n forded the Pfquitiri w»i to itsjum bion with tin? Ken
Gavan, win. b ben rani Dearly east and west U &r a quart r
afeleagu b we entered land covered with roinyshrwbfl
an close to each otlifrilnitihej opposed an Impenetrable tmrrier,
and it OOSt ua much troublo and tune to get thro I vogc-
table rtail.
and Ayapota, in P 135
No sooner liad we got out of this sort of trap, when i
niiti pass presented it-i-lf. where- n portion of n mountain hint
lalli'ti iui>i tb rifi r, villi nil it* Loan Dfen3 and vecetatioaj the
00 by which we hod to descend bad D layei of yellow mod
••.till iteaot, vhfcfa gave «»y under fchi i of list
it thankful when we lunl got over this d.i
A few BtOpB in ftdvUlOQ the ground WW d "lily OOl bj B
ravine* the rtn-am oi' which mu into the tnain rivi p ;,i our
The iimuiihim here funned :i Dearly jmtjh ■nrlii-n l:ir wall, wMoh
BUI B bar to OOt prOgTOWX '11.' «• r-.'iiii-.ly I nt to . Ii ■!■■
down to the shore an well »h we rouhl. Ly the help of -. and
to lay hold of th<> roots of small pi uatfl thai grew I ■ 0
■ 1 oi tin ra k .-.. Kufforiny from hill and wratdica.
Weoonturaed by the river-side, crossing the strennL lot *»r.n
saw that mi! hud ipit from Imd To w >i . In i l'.-w l-ir!..-c_- * tln-M
another precipice, ni the base ad whlafa ran the rl?6r with a
powerAd warrant Worn ont and disheartened by tail
pejnftd Enareh, die eight of thii new olataole would have indi
M to remain had there been space to lay ourselves down. My
compart innri had not the strength or courage to pTcpm
»o a* to gei over the oliff: perceiving, however, that at a abort
dietanec in advance the river-shoro was satisfactory, WB • '■ I
mined to jmmn the bonier in mne way or other, by clinging ti»
the angle? of rookl and bD B m crevices.
Ii eras ■ stra etacle the Ave wear) travellers, loaded
vrith provision:; aid crawling Jong the Ike* of am rij vertical
. holding on bj feet end bands to the wnalltrt object of
rapport Hie turbulent river ran below, ready toengutph
it t< rtnn&te one, should the fragile rapport ;,:w way. Ear my
own parr, perceiving nliovi n i ninny 1 iuln-« and Wnall treo«, F
managed Co gain thorn; and thon,
{Dtuney, 1 passed, but not without difficulty, from branch to
•ranch nonkey-lihc, and In the ond got to Uio level rivcr-
abore.
tinned on | be aboiri i qwtee of a toagae to
a favourable *p"t, win-re we rested C the nig it, baring mado
I wo league* thb day.
Tin'., fey Slew were lower obstacles following the shore* of
the river, sometimes in tint famri which waa marly 1 vi I.
uownl ii n ; in q dhoi tfoo n.i:.. n., and n.w.
Aft'-r bulking a few furlongs wo saw the river Azttll
which enten the Bad Govan from tbo othi r, or Ii
Ailer thfi conlhn n<-«: ol tin A-'Jihnnyo with the Ban t-avau,
tlio moon ecreaee in ihe, and Hun follows b chain of
hcndliailn of Utile cicvntion-
136
Rjjmoxdi on the Riom San Cmm
ua
The river San Gavan, which befor I tin junction of the A
mayo tr-u.i. .1 townrvls the north, now flowc-l s.s.K.
A1W a littla mora llmu half ji league we arrived at the aborts
of a rapid river called byth- CaaearOleros Sm T.-ii-u,, i
garrt ol Mm*- trouble to ford. <h» <- i»n tin* uihrr
course was towards the oast.
At tho point of confluence of the hro river* thai d Sun
Qai m ran* . .m ami west, thai ol Sun Trilou nuuth-east and
north-west.
A linii- I'ntli-T onward our raarcl wu n. and w.H4B.bi
shore of Hi" riroar« b advance we or I i small arm or
Sin < >. ».i w.i ;i- (it <■<,•! inn ■ mil route on an ialan I. after which
tin rturn. (I to Che shore of tho rivor. Bon the great river
Bows tint ngfa a narrow pan of naked rock, but of I
nlovation on either ride: < bridge could be mm v ooBfltriioted
here — the width of the nv.-r i some LOyarde.
Continuing our route throng)) the foreel fa nmo rurlonmwa
Raw in udvantN u ylcam ■ -. light through tho folk
- hiu .dl- n\anl* - ..mm -inl-lt-iily on an <»ni
before ua n ipacious horizon. Wc had come nnaxpocntcHy
broad -I11' It.iI :, and at our (• otflowi I tho kt at riv« t J nam ban.
hog i'i oontantmi nt wns experienced by all at finding oar*
i . ,;». n n< sp ■■■i.-.iu on the banka of thu nver, which boa
ue bo much trouble and privation U> arrive at
The ww San Garou at Mm |«uut of eonfluenco ran* i
SAW. to N.N.K., ami 1 lie Ilia in s.K.to H.W. In
formed by the two rivari tho rock i* of slate, whi
rtton in the prorinci -1 ; arabayo, but at Una |
the strata are n iarlj horizontal.
The wat"i- "1 th. rivt r Inambari ia muddier than that of tho
Ban Gavan Mid < the junction Ihe Inambari in more than
yard* in "i. lih. Tho velocity of tho curreat for
ni.-t.iiMM :ilni\i th' riiiillueiu: tn« time 1 \iaited it,
n hour.* At tin- point ol j motion i li< ri a
id-- lt*vel of the sm.
Ahhongh tl'i [nambari rit tlii- pnii t W not wiwly navigable
ou aeeotmt of ki toong eorront) lunrortholo graw •iiftlcuJti*
il-» not prist* nt tlifinvlw. i --■■»• | « i n little lowei doau, a]
large wavoi are prodneed ;>\ Uh n ting of tho two current*.
ieatiiai mi -li! I- - -i lUi.-dm'l lin- y.wmN tif light draught,
li u to I" prewmad dial tb<< Fnutniur, until it unttuawMi
(h< river Mad !■■ de Dioe of the fori ol I 'u«o, has no fall?.
. M llttl iu tbfl inonth»of r<j! nib
Hi • n ran lio%c Utile **ttr, lb« cumot il Uu tliau at uthvr |>oiUOUS Of Uu' J«»C.
timl A if aetata, in Pint.
137
neither* sharp Loettnef because, of a ihort dfateiioe from the
tens • of the riven San Guvoii and [njuabeni, tbfl in
uiui become lower, until they nearly disappear farther bi the
:<-r. Tim elevation of t It-. * soma pom1 j« ' m »% . - 1 h»- len !
of the «ca, us before stated, being 1570 feet, and that of
!\f:idri' ili l»inh. nii'filiiiL'. t'i lli" oIisfi'vatiniiH uf Lit u!.ii;itif
tiiblton oi th'i I lif-d St.ttos Xmv. mads hi 1851,* fit the point
nfjiiin tii in with liit- Pinipifli, being 137" !'»■<■(. iIut rwmhnuil
enoe of L83 feat for tustane*, oeording io mv c-aloala-
iii mind i'ae autaron bend* describee by 111 ■
Id tbett conns — oaxmot be lea* than 25 to 30 league*,
rqairolont to a fall nf H foot |»t ! iip-posing that tin
Iimniliiiri joins Uic Kadre di I'inH at it iiiiir < I i-.i ni ii* * hna the
|.Miiit i.ii'iwurad by Lieatenas,! Gibbon.
All authors, op i" the present time* wlio here vrittan on lia
abari and liadre A [Hob, have belies I thai thaw, r^ ■ i
i"r:n uj wateu of thi Purus; bnj U - now be]
iloulii thai ili'- river Bfadrc da EHoa, united with (he hambari,
the ombined watem into tin nvoi UaeL iMk !Eh« wlu-
iit this important hygrographian] problan n i on i
nnfortolftte Don E D tuio uulo. oi Tiini|MU-.. in IVru.
who asuriflced bin Life in the hazardous navigation oJ Lne Madre
ili- Di'i-. 'llii- i':t. t hiding probably unknown in Europe I will
i short eccoant of UaJdo&adoi i ■■■■■. . eu ii is connected
with tin rabjeol ••! this memoir.
On tin 6th February1! 1801s ttaldonodoj with teres ooo>
after having construct 1 a rafl aba b tied ti instdveH,
v .Hi litUi oi i i i •..!'!, to 1 be cerranl of the Uadre da
Dica, embarking al tiw confluence "l the rireni I'm pifti mnl
On the -ili Bl&reh, aft j passed the month* of
i | ali.. ii .1 • . ]irinri|i.ii:\ from I m
thej C Uu ■ i > ;> [diU'i' \v\ ' v hid ii lihKt im-
carrcnt; thin ■>bliic*f I tln'tn t ■ » disembark and go a
. m r n\cr!.irid, Imdiiiiiir aftnrwiida another mil io continue
tb toj .■■• • 'n the 8th thoy Q • ii i •>! barked, and at a abort
mi we p -in p. i I to find thorns* Ives iii the i aorc,
of Bolivia, entering u Groin t li< ■ right at a point bahabiti
lli< Uhunchoft, in- .On the Ibth thej ffere
wrecked at a dangerous rapid, which appoani to have bean the
spot known i I aid i io do Lnfii rno, oi U ril'a Ualdrozt, where
Ueldosiuloj with throo cd In- oompanionaj Eoel their lives- The
remaining four eontmned the navisation^ and,posaing byihi
village of Cmtoaud the town of BorLfii paas ■! Droxn the mouth
• - :\|.:....iii'.n of Aa Valley of tb* Asum pu i. Eb Lisa L
133
K.umoxdi on the Rivers San Gavtm
of the M.t.l. itu int'i (ho A masons. In the eity of Manao* or
lfcirnv of tin- Rio Negro, they untamed a irrtitientc from the
Brazilian aothoxitiea; they then lecftnflen1 t!u> Amazons and the
HuaQan returning 1<> tin ji- ostiVQ place Tarapoto.
In tin- beginning of 1868 lha roar romnanione of Am mi-
frrrtnnafr Muldonndo again eeoonded the Uoayali ami n .ii-lmi
ij where the) • ihiliiOtl the*: en tiliriUrs niim-miug
dang v iMk
Neither lull - i companions knew the i
tlu riven thej pa&ed: and as, according to Gibbon'i
of hii exploration of the Bladoiro, in tbo region inhabit
ti e i ':ii'i|innaa no groat river enters exa pt tfie Beni, I b«
tfaat MaJdonodo's party ontorod the Madeira by this m-.-r. It
n^iilu, ttmrefore, tint ill" Bfadre ■ 1 » Diua, after aniting vritli
tho Injintiiuii, joins thfl lVni, whirh aftc wards combines with
the Maiii-irr tn form the Madeira. W I ■ - ■ t < on firms me the more
in this opinion k that Um uioouiri of Maldonado's voyage
e'.-.nf.irmity with tin- p.-ut niil-n :* -if the - xploration from the
iimiith of (lie IV-ui, made, mil. mimy yours nine*', by u S Rur
Loioti by order of tho Bolivian Goveramont, wniefa i
fcnown thai tin- rnei Bani, at n litilr distance from itajvni
had dii" lill tho (tamo that was found by Mahlonndo on the
£th, when In i lil 'ii to go overland for some distant i
On tin- other hand, die entry of tlu- river Madre da Dioa
int" tli- - UadoUa Agree* with the iiimurlanl n rttllH of the
nwrit etjilrmitii t> r»l tlu- I'll rim maili- hy Mr. CiianHhw, who
has proved that tin- origin of tin: l'unw i:; not tho ila'ir
Dioi.
Having proved that tho Ollachcn, or Run Oavan, united
directly with the Enambari before joining the riv. r Mai*
i, as «tot'-'l l-y M. Mmvoy, in hi* ' Scriios den And.
was now desbotu of following the rivor upwards by the tihorc*
of the Inambari as far as the junction of the Esqmlo^
as T have before st.u-1. is the rivnr that [uumcw by Aynjinba; I
than intended to return to that town, following tho n
■ tgb which Que river ilovr*.
Hon tint I hud been fortnnata enough not to moot with
ol (lie C'hunehoe Indian*. I allowed my followers to b
day's ro<t. whilst. I made tin* observations I have nhovo W*
eordod, and collected some plant* and animals in the neighbour*
ing woods*
N'"ar tho lunnibari ohbohona trees are not observed] they
rlo Dot prow in so hot a region. Tlie onh represenfati
Cascartlln ■ i/.t, Weod.j which ic abta to withal
taage from I tn\ > rate to hot ; for thi* ohiat, called in C'arabaya
EjftIM, if i
!;::<
Huifiapo, is ftko found M0J tin; OOOfiuoim of die rivci Suu
tU.
ri'i-.l" very common- There nrc numerous »{>•:• a I
of PhUoihmilran, Aruiti, utxl ' llflt; tlmi stuni;,"' jilimt tli«
Jfoiwkra O'i^JWO/ti.. fi I I I- ftTttftl An^AMMH
/om, SehottB nud lh[hir N-li.Mt. Bemad beoutifuJ
ipeeicH of Marattfa wove ibo nun, among thsrn thu Mtxrant*
itrnxU:i,uUnii aii'i rtMM ; various GftSfttS, Cyhinthiu. ' icu* ;
mnguiticffit 3/ , Im-idh-ih-j t" tin- ^mni I'IskMq Bad
Jtfwui : . lii.iilly, an inanity ol L'tidttituia, Amjurar jPsfftfiftf,
Am-ii" tii • miiuunir'.Toiiii animal*, tin* common apoaiet ar<>
tJia tapir, i"'1 ■ i ml Hj/dtGcham* Of
Motion fcfai du p ueroii b i ■■■■ i mu species of
and P< lefojM, irkiob yielded Osgood eoti
On tin' I ;li u were a^ain on the march, skirting, as well aa
rare ablti Bm river Inambari in a dire isg from
s.i t.i - .1 . Wi- hiHMi passed u .-miii, afU-r wnidi
atoiod tin fazoflt; At a quarter of u lofigfl W found 001-
advoe on ;t stud) boa* -li. win n- tB&aj pnlia*. uf thn genus
irwfea, grew. Wo then varied our course to >.s.\y. nod s.,
and to &i<-k.
In another cjuiirKT of n after having imawd two
una, wa travelled east and nuith-cuft, and at a short dis-
ic<' .ih.Tv*'(t n rivnr «mt< ring the In.-tmlntri from the Opp
tovrhiofa mj followers gftTG the name of Chuucboin.
fa | b "''' Hi' _\ li.i'l Hc-i II -m:;ii I '! (IIH-Isms, -. oil
it^ hunk.-.. WO BOW plSBOd BOOkO mm. ill .•Mrum , I i<l. Oping
thron forest In a &A& and east din < liuii. m raaomda
river having vory little water, to widen was given th<
Bio Blanco ; fchii we cr<>.v<<l aud descended to a bcftob, shore
wi rfirmd 'I"* night.
• t the 1 - • 1 1 & in moved in n .:.!.. dnootum over very broken
country sod through tiilak woods for b&lfs league*, i In n u Hceud-
mgtoths bank of th< riv.r ■ wed hy a bnnoh whi I
nearly dry, ex reaEonk Thai (*i>»it ii moon fnr-
3 8 small ri\cr. whiofa i D
!■■ I in ; be .-ill c side* Kw groaod ittk more
■•\.'i!, with Iu\iiriiii:i vecetj Lion ; amoi \h pburta *-'ill ai
Europo was the beoatiful Osdaica Vtttohiana, Hook, which i
had finct mill on (lit; lunik* of tho Jluulla^a.
PufiHtng a rivulet, end then, at a quarter of a league's dis-
tance, aiiotli ' i, wr .ii n f n ; ii I (11 . ; rf .i riTec dindod into
varioiu anu<. which my men called Char&rl; thla sro forded at
no small risk, lor thd DUfie&t was strong. JSlosjrJj )u front a'
1W
!;\muMi I on fhf BfafJ Stm <•
the mouth of the Charari, on the opposite side, another rffftt
- in direct from the north.
l.Yiutiriuinj? our march in a general direetj
n,n.k. .it linii'ii loagoeni distance from tin* river Chareri u stream
was found ; and fin another, half league wo croswd a narrow and
tin!, i:i\im- miti'Mil by a hiimll sluiim, which mj BS6D imaicd
tin- Bitot Oelaboao. On the trade Hoveml beautiful
«■!■ •■• ii, including C'j'halouUnu ormi'u*. with its rh-gant
m uol of feathers over iti bead; tha Pr£cmiYtt ma
/7</..w vtntralifl, iV<\ In front -I the Ihtlo rivci GeJaboSD
another noaU stream enters the Inambari from die opposite
lido.
' ontbmfag oor march, at a abort distance from the Inambari,
ourdirectton was changed towards north-west and south-eaei
wo travelled nearly a league over land lull of shrubs and tai
planl b a * mi i Eoarefa painful.
As it threatened ram, wc halted pari v. << ■■■> :■• !■■
to pr *' i dj a Iti i [yon the downfall. The night turn*
\ \\ wet
Ob the 14th we did not starl nil late, and, aftei goiag half a
league, wa had the pleasure of finding oun A\t \ . i. .
laya, which Bows bj the town "I Ayapata, We knew i1
;it once, for wo iren ti i< -! there w i- no "tin-:- !»■• m > u
Ban Gtavan which oould ha* so larp o quantitj oJ in
This spot was !>:.:; feel above the level of the sea.
At the point of junction of tlt.- two nvors, the Iimmbari
comet HtliHsaat, and itw waters an muddy ; the Knqaibrai
from so i( i| an i its mi i rs arc transparent A* the-
riven meet a1 in ai iite ingle, then wuUir* run side bj
ji cooil diltl imiIi. hi MiixiiiL'. ifuiiuiii; tv'i» bands of dii
>. At the point when they join, there \* an
sand] beach, ■hiea, during the Ip-Im-k in doubilc»td}
n tii water.
] [am \\<- lafl fchn shores of tha Tnambarij to raiter the r:
of i' i . ■•■ . travelling along it-: loft bank, tind in n i
iiuii, jiii-l aftorwarua B. andsjs, Wo soon had to lake to
tli. v.i'uls, mid 0]««u a tnirk aver ven ron^h eounfry ; it Uvaau'
n<l wi were obliged !<• halt on a small aandy beach of Iba
H i '[iiiliivn, after having progressed only oni league ikon
tin1 junction "i (:h Esquilayu and Inambari.
( in tli*- 15th we Itli i in- bench whew ive had slept, and cm
■•■' i. lag abb to iiiinvii by the river ode; bat we
had ii 'i walked a league when lerious obttacltv pn - n * • -.1 iin i
Belvaa sl it roclcB arose on all idea,and the mountains
turned so precipitous that it srae almost impossible to v\vn a
awl Ayaj>attft in I
w
roots. At this point the Rtvez Bsraflaya rani Ed b euu
opening of rock, scarcely '^5 yard i i
Wo tiad now to consider ulmi Ml to bo done. 11 IN n
tinned on this aide for a short distance, we calculated wo hi
upon the river Quilhibamba, thn hwuUwutw of which,
■ 00 tii. ) i. i ■_- 1 1 f -* of the roml of Avunatu ami San Uuviui,
receives un grsal i Dumb i of rtranna in it* tang coorset thai,
nli. mi .t i i,t' i- the Btooilay Lift hot 1 i roluinoof voter
i-i U- ftinliildo. On the doubt, ile n ton d Boding » fbtd, we
thin* nol '-"iii .ti ta thb route. BOOM oi thonn n iver rtuin that
at a ahorl distant ■••.on the other side oftheBii r I iquilaya, wo
d rght i*i <•. uno upon b unaU oocft-pantotiox, belonging to the
[noianfl of Ayapaui; to wc da i Ice to throw a brxl l
;in river, ;ii;.i continue out naioli on tin oil i r nda We were
on tin lop- of n lull, mid Mm.' :>ll ymv. i hove tin; ri
so we decided to cut down a tn ■ of Bufficienl leaj th to iwb ii.
it. fell, to tli»i othor ndfl of the river. Wo soon found I
broc t'< suit -in |.ni p mo . the . of it,
it Ix'^iui in ..ti Mi.m it'll with ii >j vi :it noise, inking
v.. tii it lorual smeller trees; unfbrtanatch howevrr,
railing ncron tin- river, it fid! obliejpn ly, n I the upper pari not
M' Inn- to tin* other side, it wan carried ftWftJ l\ the Stream,
To flOUght a i "lire far tDOUOE tier, and. hfiVUIg t-dv n better
irecautioni, m mi hour tin- Ittl out oftho axe caused tho troa
bend ores end full right annus tho river* ei 100 foot above
it. \\" had now the means of oummcuucatiaa "itfi t'"' other
eSde. Stdllwi hod eomo difficulties in on iHppei
i ii iiiul.-r : I. iii \\c sihvwded at I CTOBS,
end continuod on journey.
I luid iii-xt in the course Of mj wandi liir * I tp 'li-'iircd kh
rough and painful ft route. Tito slopes of tna mounteji
WiT.t ^u wen- -t.t|. 'I; .t we li.nl tin i il:lli" ally *••
ourselves from falling headlong into the river. It was
necessary to hold, at every step, b] Bli BBeJl troa tlmt grew
oat of iho crevice* of the racks | ami, to «mr eonov, the trees
partially rotten and broke away from our gnwis OB
us to iiuikt' a (Use >ti*|'. The spines mid thorn* td* tl
air hiimlc, and en used them to bo OOTONd with bloocL
This, indeed, was a day of trouble and UffiOBBBBt labour, and
when nfeht came we had no better prosjM'i'l linn to -.Jeep i n
of a itream which fell over the ban rock. En the
(log 'it' i ading b better -pot, we continued our merely until
emu. upon i. without our having met with ft level space
ientlj large to Rtuead oni bade up lad liimlly ti»
sleep ulmost on the DlOnohei Of tr»< . in e.i;ii uiml I
rolbng down tin- dope into tho tiff r.
MS
II.UMOVDI <m thr. Rivers S>m (limn
On the 19th, aft -r bSTJDg panad a most unplenaant nighl
Wfl HHOBUllul H dope m U snufhrrlv tlnvrlioii for nonio fill
We then oaattaiiwd skirting; the mountains to b.s.w. and 9.*'.,
until \\<- i i.M . ! m y opoti MiiM |iiin- | •!. i n
One of my men told me that this was the last cultivated fpo< hatha
qtn beads of BkjuiIm atowni ■ Loai ibari, and wascullfdlhmllaafc.
\\ n i * i Lttod from <n J. wt', wi» pjirrM-d pn rimona
'-; bul iti\ In linns to In-lit. u tluir load*, hud
SUlin I RIOEQ I ii.nli llir .illollr.l ijil.i.iM \ , mi rti;i1 r. -ii I
i ..-I |>:i <1 .mr [truvi-iioiui wore nearly at an nod. Ind
win d onpfl ij I ' ivelh i - 1. 1 -ii. 1 1 ejeped liana, ilo not >•
with a rarp good ww, and adopt all mothodi to locun
bo thedx homea u quick as poonbli i forthuobjt
pi. in- -in-c tli.it ill. v will not jn tiJi of hunger tb m
tli.-v i 1 1 > v . - ;» little coca mi I ehuflo, tti 13 bring tho tn»<
l ( ii )-.! ill 1 » > rou&uwing lii^ p tin in
n, hying thai taot go on without food, J in ■ indnuw
who accompanied bm did not speculate on returning l>v tlw
quebr&ds <>i Egi|uiluy:i nn<! li:i • 1 fuTi ii up i!i).- greater portion of
the p v.: got to the Inainl
of Buffering from the great fatigue of the exploration, we h^l
hunger staring u in tho foca
1 1 1 EfoaUnra lliere wen aa Inhabitant*. Tin* owner o4
place was an Indian of Aynpata, who only cauio ooeosioim!
Collect lli» liitli: linrvr-M of rui'.i, 1". h Mir iir.i|;tv a •> li.'ijiiiMtlv
igo Indiana, or Chunchos an they ore call
\Vi tit' ii l« iil'ik towards the aw. to a
lotol trad covered with wood ; then marching raw, eom
longSj we arrived ut u river oulh d Xcgroxuayn. which I, .
mppl) ol watar. We forded this, and travelled south a
'liMmx'o, on our wnv to mmtli,<r riM-r r.dlrd ] ,u < .inuiiidml.
Ling La Gosmoiaad, we continued otu route through tlw
ami, nfl I i^'urV mnrrh, I'uine to anothei ■.■ooa-
1 dentation, near which mi an abandoned hut This place was
;iu»\»n ih lliifi in M.;iu]i:i, lx Irn •• !n ' to an Ii ita.
In front of Qoorta Pampo is soon tho rivor QnillnUunba,
v.iii.-ii jciu.s thr Baonitaja; but it Inw u littli; lem water thai
rj a
Bj an anovalou tanMorinl ili^Lsinn, \\u-. land* aituated ""
toe other side of the EsquUaya and Dear to ihe Quillabaaiba»
hi tone lo tl"1 infuihitnnte of Ituatfl, a place much more distant
than ija]
Ai W8 Ibund n-i provisione in Hucrta i'amjM. we e*
our route a few furionga, ami nauihed anolliitr cnltivtM
M ■■ ■ da, where "«■ put up tut- thr mHit.
Hen w bond only a few coc*vphmt^ ana bananaviraai
and At/'tjHttn, in Peru.
H3
1 1 iiKT' van q tew pisotpplei md othar fro
'In babital
ruble and abandoned
».-!»' «.IS It) ii I
Y\Y "IT" IK.H l!l II I..!' ■-. . ! LI \ .11 .11.
Leaving thifl root, our amn* wiu outb rh along i -!
inelin.-, with ** i'siir nmli Al i q OOTt ' "" ■■ Ir-Jigue we [i
a sin. urn QftUod Lut'iillHTiiiiy-i, ftn'l I'lintiiiucd on tin- other kiiIi*
rdfl the m Wi Ibi b fan farlong*, k> tut t" urrho »t a muhII
c * -i * I . wh< p wa bad tho good fortune to fall >" with wmo ripo
Uniaua-*. My men, who had been fatfJllff for L.WO OftVB aiM I
an iv almogt exhaust* 1, i. II foul ol tea of
golden fruits, iiml were soon strong • iu-u-Ii t.i ■ tli--
nuroh
U a oontinoed in ■ southward riiivvtion, jm-.-iml* n sin
after walking ;i i|ii:irt<*r of n lOflgUB, fell in with another eoenl
habitation. Thi^ pl&a wa kin I Pn • .om, i ad d a a l> in
,it ww tho Hirer l'n\ jnil!;ini. Continuing otu march k> Iho
B.S.E.. wi same to the Rivor TunquiranTO, no called
[ty *il«nimii«i tin i • ; ii' !d-l iiii'l "i an or&aj ■ >■• I'n r. known
i ■ fndJani ei the rnnquj [i: • I
this -tr* an: by ;i bridge formed -I thr- ■<•
two <itln-r-. descending a little n-r.iv. u K «nd arriving al the
;o DYi r the K.AiiuI.iy.u
Mir bridge of 1*"-* j n ■ hi vji. beiqg the work of Indians i
n. brief notice The htw i* litre orn IU yimls in width, and
tvs tfaon ■"'; no bwe iu tin- tnogbboorbood bog onough to span
i:. tli*.' Indlani have had recoup.' t" a iMiitih inee not wanting
in originality. Xbey hw ■■•- crated on either lide three deep
ohliijiif hoi*** Bad haerted In than eoHd tronkaoftr - which
b> (fie -I ii. tin- jiomtion of tin' holM Imvi mi UUdlSOd )«>-ition,
so that tlif interval between the two ridta of tha river ieeon-
' .i'li'i-aMy 'liniiiiwht'd. Three horfSODtal bOQghj tUU I bOfiB laid
on tli>- axtremitiee of tin n trunks at <i anon this stractun ;>"•
bound other eticki ttanaveiaely. lika a ladder but near* i to eaofa
othi r. 1'heee sticks aro annually n i>- w< • '. bat tli«- lawn p
t»f tn • - iuei! in the I'ntirioworlc U-ing mOM diiruhli . bfttfl r<-
mained th« aame Eorab o1 fcwanty yoar& Tho budge of EBqui-
laya i-* 22us frvt hIhivi- iIm- 1 1 v .- 1 ■ »t"
I toning tii. M |gc led by a tl w?k In a diroc
tioti to BAlf. We etuuod a lur^'e ^trni'ii, cnllod OhwOBkayO,
and sootitttied anfftudiag to th tambo of Btqutlava, distant from
tha bridge half a league, Tbfc nnnbo, or tr«vi-ll<. t.-* ule.- 1, t..K. ^
the na] il Esouilaj '. because tha bridge laeosaidorad tin-
of ootry to the not Tall ' iW| whan thi altifatod,
and it i* Bonsaqm atiy tha point of landfiBvom fur the Indiana,
\siiO Inivi- :ln-ir Ijttla plantatiOUl iii tin liMll :ili.
much btQuontod ft1 barroat Ume« At this Umbo liToa an
Ill
I UfMOHDI on tho Rivera San (fawn
Alcalde, attended by another Indian, wbo tots ns Algii&stil. ami
carrien nut hi* order*. It BnlVBfB an Indian who Bllfl llii-
but. In- dues not understand one word of iSpauish — his language
boi&g Quolm
TSfl buoba of Ewpulaya Ih the only inhabited spot in the
whole valley, and tho otbai places In ing peoplod ably during
i In; ooca hoi rest, the people during Iha real of the yea* ull live
in the town of Ayapatn. The Indian owners of these noall
. vhec th^y return foi tin . ■ . r-it t«j Aynpato. I> av I
provi eep-akltu used as bedding, coo
sloths &<•., tird up in bundles, to "tho Alcaide, who
ear* of iho property, hong to llui tlwtuh of hi* hemse, until the
following y^ar. It ia not unusual to boo more than a hm
of these bundlea, each hanging by a cord from tfa --flba
tiittehj and a is curious that the Indians should, after i
mouths, each know his own bundle, oa they arc all bo much, abba
It is only a far you since that tho Indiana used !•* l**ve
thoir working insl rusjOAQts. oonsiBl ing of rutlas908»eall- <l yd
and hatchets; hut since 1859 fchsrj have ceased to do >*>, for on
ti>.' Kii of Miy of thut year the- savage Indians came as I
tho tambo of IfojuiUya. killed the Alcalde, and took away
Si H i uuthfiflos and 300 hoot It is not the tii>i time that tbt*
Chunchos have attacked Esquilaya. When the bridge wo* U«ing
eOOltmctod tlu-y killed by arrow*; an Indian who \\\
The t'lniiii -lid- ate onntrnnally prowling about the valley, end
|.)«*' no ...ppcilunity i.»f In-iii*; troubli *imo. My followoi
upon themselves as moefi fortunate in having mail
;.!■■ l journey in the Chonoho country without having fallen
in with a party oj them.
The principal cultivation in the vallej of Esquilaya ccneisti
Of DOCS anil ED&UQ j Still " "" little CGffW together Wltil In nana*,
nanaw-treef (Oanaa ptwiyti, Liim.), gunvn (Pmlium jryrifw
I.ilin.'j, ainl ' i" i ■ U fH/7/j ' a/y// I'ohl.l ;in' f .1 :i nt «_■« ] ,
Tin- umbo of E*«iuil.(",.i h ■■- l.;i"i ir.t .d,.»vfl tho lerel oi
sea, so ill it its climate u rather temperate, as will be BOO
tho tabic in tho Appendix.
Then? i« a road brtwmn the tambo of Ewiuiluva and I
of Ayapoto, a distance of 11 leagues. Wo left on thi 20thi
The path dott mil lie along tin* ra\iuc, mi ji tin;! of i- briii-
so elosed in by rocks. Leaving the tambo there It) a oontii
aaccnt in a kh.w. die <ti -ii for nearly a league ; then thoo
Is a and bjlw. At a League and a half dii I tn< a i i \\ ia tambo of
Uhilleis , tii" road be&ecJonvard licsal mg ;i ridge v, J<
the River Ayupaiafrom Uhjo Ecaco, tho same #trum which kat-r
down is called tho Qafllabamta*
and dyopotaj u Ptru*
Ufi
A i i u ij-i.iH i ; .nil) tan
1 ' iu'it.i. \-'. v' <■ •i-rcinicii Che lattar, treeadhninxahea1 in imnber
and the vegetation became more nniformj hftU tloagui bjghor
up. (ha greater portion of i lie U iag to th< Huaiii.
.1 in i':irabaya a* the iluntiiro. On this road I noticed o
nevr and • "n.iil species of I 3 inehooa* fcbi i red cai i dm .
with much white duwn ou the bottler* of the corolla. This
ctee has some analogy W U OytlyAra
ami thiivii/ii of PhVOIL
ma four laaguai from EequQaya wo oame to (he t&mboof
\ i lui il!.i, where wo passed tho night. This spot i* 10.60' 3
above the leva] of the tea; aavarthdotf h it-; rtednity are seen
ll rllMH-tn < 5.
Oo the 21et wo oontmuodoor maroh t«.' oend-
H! ttoitth iV.r more lliim luilf a 1 M EfaOQ to
the south-wed far anothei qiiarten nf u h'agur to t Ik- i.tmUi <-i
hapata, which ban two habitation*.
The tarab i between Etyulaya and iyapaia aic visited I j
ihu 1: Jy win-ii they go to and from i!> itloM
dtnated in I w Baquilaya, I'uypuli.i.ii, .m-i <vuil]a
bam bit.
a few paces from Sao ; I dw. ' »»■
j-* uudiihilui" un ;1 thfl moefl rloMi'd purlieu of lln mud i-
:;ir mi- 1|. oiillod lit ■ \|i.t"lii :'.a of < '.iinji. u-.'-i, ijtuatod at 12,84 1
G i i abort the lord oi I lie hml
Skirting the motmixun v, c points oTiunflar
alerattoc — thi eta* of ubindia tod Ohihmon Prono tht
lad up doecendod to the ipu-lmuln of Aya&ata, but vritfaon
I » iii. j i v . i ; and iw oontima I Blotting this rari
atun-terof ■ League bet arrived al ihfl torn. \V«« paaied
uie Biret Ynagarnffyo and oanded to Ayapata, after :i
fOtn tun at fourt'vii ihn -.. u whirh »c had ii id c i roue all a rl
tlifflculii a and prfi itiona W • bad, hoi latia&Gtioa of
og accomplished something towards elucidating tha geo-
graphy of tfaii le*kn m i igfODi W* had proved thai the
1 '11 ich' a and Ayap info the Bitot
IiniMiti iii, «iiliniii |»M\'tM-I, forming ton \itli cuch
, nr with lli- '■!.:!■■ ,,•-: ". <>t tin- Vr. ! ..1 C 12X00, us U i»
and} la <1 down in dm
VI i, xxxxn.
Hi;
Raimondi on the Rivers San Oaten
APPENDIX
MKTKOUOLOC1CAL TABLF8.
Tlio ivct-bulb lAworvutions vrero mtwlo with tho tlionnooaetcT
cure-red by a thiu cloth aud kcpl wet. Tho l>ai\>iuoliic obacrvatioiu
ar« corrected by U-inpeiattm ami lln *ULn of Liu* -Acttlber,*
At Cbccceo, L'np.tnl of tho I'rxmnce of CaiiayaYa.
ttajr of MohUl
lloui
Tltff-
(.. n, I. i
111
Ai».
&
UdnnruUi. Hmvfl*
tarn
flUfllMMll.
*Jll*U
IML
Mr,
o
0
LicfcCK 1
Autfnl IS
1-15 r.«.
n-M
;i9 ■ in
'♦•«» {u.,K*ta!r
u' 001
16
6 '00 a.m.
33-90
39-0
18'466 Sun .. ..
September 3o
9 a.m.
4'. S»>
4ft* 44
ih-t.u. Sun nUcurol
• *
M A.M.
4'.' 4',
4ft' 44
10 'MO
Cioaty.
« *
) on r.u.
4'J-82
41-80
19 296
■ i
flr.M.
B0-M
11*01
i
Ditio .. ..1
Ditto .. ./
Of 10 T.
October 1
»A.M.
M-60
OB • "9
18'31'fl
• •
9A.M
47'48
40 '98
is 404
Unto.
• •
1 1 UOOtl
50-00
41 -.16
ik :imi
Sun nWurrtll
Hurt .. ..J
»or.
2
9 A.M.
49' l<>
4VT0
10*400
• •
9 '.10 A.M.
49-10
01-04
10 MM
Sun ubwuinL
■ ■
10-30 i.»
49' id
41-36
18*308
Ctoudj.
• i
19 noon
51-80
41-64
18-3-8
fcuu obsoarad.
• •
I'SO I'M.
63- 9ft
a.' ».'
16*445
Boa.
» •
3f.M.
.VI ..1
41*54
ia 004
Cl.-ndj ..1
Diuo .. ../
na3-s4 F.
o
9 a.m.
-47. '*
41-0
10-404
i •
1" A.M.
51-08
41-54
..,,.« (Sua much cb-
lf 4M I wur«d.
• i
11 '30 a.m.
M*44
01*00
10*430 i>i".».
« •
1 P.M.
M'44
«'26
is avs iwiio.
• i
Jr.M.
41 H
18-370 8ud ranaUr.
> i
Jr.M.
Bl-00
41-:.*
i»-»4« CJowJj
;- ii Sun objured
4
9 A.M.
|6**0
:«i • -M
20>30F.
• »
10 A.M.
47*48
.H--,,.
18-437
Ditto.
» •
11 A.M.
. | ...
4Qr|Q
18-415
Mill.
• •
till
.VI 4 '
00 00
10 DillO.
• t
Ir.M.
S3 ' 9(1
3a- no
10-009 hi..
■ p
1 'BO r.M.
BO'M
■>■<■ II
19 '3t4 DilKA
• •
»r*.
M'06
0ft*04
is .i(i- Ditto,
> »
3 KM.
.VI -24
39-56
Ditto
♦ •
fl-30r.«.
38*12
34 52
10-000
ritor .. ..1 inCurt»
u
| A.M.
31-28
00 :i"
lu-«ic
Ciuuilj ..J
• Tb« obMrvatloDC were n* • tn I thtnn nn*ftei grnriTjitvd to rvntignruW*, tad
:i hiimHii'liT loffftlllimctreij the mults bnvc been reduced to degrees of Fahr-mbcil
IIDil lillj;lull Ult'bfft bt lUtHUi uf li iiWJl'a Li bio. — Lit.
ant! Ayapata, in Perm,
147
I.' : . - •; ';' ■
INjoT Uontta.
Hour.
Ttnt-
DMMtai
III
Air.
Tlicr-
lanmirtrr.
bute or~ti#>
lluavrtB.
i bb ( mm
-i si„u.
DM
o
i-.i.r
o
luclir*.
October 29
1» A.M.
33* 8 J
18' 470
Cloudy
1 1 A.M.
s8*an
99*79
11 Ml
Ditto.
• •
1 2 1 1C K 11 1
42'08
57-40
16-440
Ditto.
»•
1 P.M.
47-ei
38-8*
18-437
1 Surt OiUCll «ib
| tcur cd .
9r.M.
49*40
BOW
18986
Ditto,
3 P.M.
4'.-7'i
4UM0
i8-s;ft
nil t<>.
4 P.M.
49- 10
41-0
18 aaa
Sun.
• i
& r m.
4910
410
16- SCO
it
I 1 M
IB • 1 1
41'0
18*37
CU«r.
> >
: fM
44-78
41 -0
M ■:.«-■.
Ditto,
'['■v. \ -ii Hagu
D»j •*"*•<' •*•
Hoar.
"far
iu"ui -in
in
Air.
M i
-
n Bk tn
B— J %gf
Vlltillittltv
r. mi.. Mtan
•l NlgM.
Kiln.
O
tal::.
o
)., ■,
AiigiiM 17
ft 43 p.m.
03-7(1
4316
If* MA
Son .. ..
3*30 p.m
&2't>2
42-C2
17*934
Ditto .. ..
18°*50
4-30 i-m.
50 -M
il-St
17* 989
Ditto .. ..
li
» AM.
18038
Dmio .. ..
9 A.M.
47-84
10*91
i ^ ii. ;,
Onto
16-30 A.M.
49-10
40-82
17992
1 oiuli.
19 DOOM
61-44
41*90
I7"n;:i
Sun.
1 P.M.
M 7 J
40*01
17-949
:our«d.
1 P.M.
bO-90
10*89
| , .
U.-udy.
San obscam).
3 p.m.
60 '72
•4O04
17932
4 r.M.
47'90
88 U
17923
ft-30 P.M
42*08
SG-6l>
17*091
Cloudy.
'3-111 P.M.
40 '10
35-94
17-974
Ditto.
1 0 '30 P.M.
S9-0
2H-84
17*996
IfoMj clwr.
11-30 i.M.
. i
ay -84
17-979
! lit in da 1
Sou obscured J
19 '40
19
7 '30 p.m.
90-89
23 48
17-919
Town or Ayapata.
lis
IUimondi oti the Mar* Sen Gcmn
Toutc or ArArATA— <omt\*wI.
T+y<4Ki*,a.
II. -ur.
i ....
i
n
Alt.
I':.- r- lUroiBfUT,
■
UH
hak
o
Ml -.
Augwt 28
I04JL
4»-2*
45 -*0
19907 I San.
• •
12 Q0O8
4ft-S6
lw 9TJ ( our.
• •
a- so CM
«7"4B
* ,--.«
19* SIS Cloud;.
29
lu.
40-M
4514
1J H ' 1 Tannic.
September tt
|< -10 r.x.
4*(*
4i -no
19-680
Clouiy-
1 PJK
; H
n-«
r.-,.o
7r.«.
48 -en
l'«'89S
&TW.
s r.*.
WOO
42*26 ■'.'•■'«>■) . Dltia
9 P.M. '
ll-M
«■,« 19-.0" II^'Sl'"-
i" r.n.
ii 00 Ifl-H I0-9II Ditto.
It noon
43- M
45-34 10-91S S.»tvm-
19
| A.W.
«7-fM
44*43
ia -"•' i. DuoUoovcrcd.
' | ft
k; ;..
19 ■*&-. i i itnrL
12 noon i 40 -10
4: - 'J
19*as Cloudy.
1 IX. 4C.-40
45*80
I»*«74 Bain.
46*40
15-90
■■>-.;.i ii; a
.ll'X. 47-12
10' -,,
19' 553 Cloud v.
45 5<j
4550
19-803 | itaiu.
: r ■
ia>0O
45*39
„.„., [O-d.^
id i- y\
44 'V4
li-iir,
■ ■■■■-.:* ( riittft,
1o.
40*40
■43-52
19*942
Ditto.
9 J.X.
Lfl OS
11 u
19-944
3u -.luuilcd.
11
u a.m.
60-54
40-;u
19'9I7
Sun.
Oixj.uu;.s.
Lay of MonUi
BM
Il.rr-
in
BOOk i-i.
j;.ir.ui-t :
SUto«f tte
UrATCIA
■ »l»
r'»i»rtnrr
ll .v.;,.
R-fe nag
*flCt)l*l
Auguai 90
6-40 r.K.
BB'tfl 14' 7*
n*m
Cloudy ..»
Sun * .. .. 1
4i- :»r.
ai
7-30 A.M.
40T.4 , 46-04
31-816
2fi
* •
|-A0 Ml.
4 -mi r.n.
49*04
si-rso
CIO* v . i
Ditto .. ../
•l-^WF.
»r
7 A.M.
40*40 +4-7S
.
Boston
I OIMVI. 8&CA -I'/j/'Tf, M a.m.
Tlh
I!,..
•able wrtUbc
.
and Agajtata, in Fcv. H9
Tamuo fiS Tatavmia, 1«* >•..' tfc . T»i Ml
Tlii'Tmnpict'T fr.-* Id sir
Met
VoriaMt.-.
TAjuu-or I'acakuh. ftfu? s,^,„,l"i
9*30 AJt.
0
Ann
MrrwKiiiWiCAL On«envjLTios,
Add at Uu> Hftdtnda ol B. Ukx u BrXLA-
fbM, iti the Viillcv ol S*^ GaVajt,
tSyrfadnnlh.
Roar,
WW
I'll!
J2L
Mtntoiunj
T> n<|»r»iur»
c 9
1,-ln ■
September 2 2>84fUG
74-12 73'Di
17-564
End \
68*44
VWr.M.
79-60 60*68
97-633
9
6- 30 a.m.
64'04 64-04
h
Ditto.
• »
7-304 \C
86-18 Una -Z7- :>:•:,
nil w.
• i
8 a.m.
ocao
AS-4B | 27-589
rSun. ind teat-
i icred clonds.
ti
0 a.m.
WW
69-08
27-616
San,
8*80 J m.
»«m
69-44
17*618
Ditto.
• •
10-30 A.M.
.-.-
n*ea
17*411
Ditto.
• •
' A.M.
7fl-34
a -40
Ditto.
IS noon
oo-n
71-46
n mi
Pitta
1 1 M
•.
73- a*
87-47J
Much camnla-.
• »
3 r.M.
19*41
71*40 97*560
i :..n.l«J.
,
3 f.m.
;i)'ie
71*60
8T*47J
Ditto
1 •
4 m.
31*00
27-530
1 • HI iMIH'll Ml
\ Illlll'iV
Clouded,
M
5r.«.
::■■;..,
: ( -'.<;
27-536
-*
| ML
74-81
■: -44
Biua.
■ >
7*90 TML
11-40
S7-549
Sim otOQOfld )
4
8 a.m.
70 10
n ■ n
27-615
(Son much ob'J 64°*0«
• t
a a.m.
:a-o«
to-ac
87*489
Ditto.
■ >
IOa-m.
n-c4
42-418
Clond-d.
., U a.m.
77*78
» • *>
Dine
in MM
»-7B
77*18 1 a;-5G»
Ditto.
1 Mb
74 12
11*78 27-163
Kolu threatens
• •
| | n
»*as
74-66
■
EMghtimia ..I ,ja.,A
6
11 AM.
8d ■ IS
7 3 -40
a:-b:c
' |.,u«iod ../
• •
i:: i i
V ■ H
•van
■-'V 800
Sun.
• t
l-U r.M.
74 M
... .
87*088
| Uireatcus :
1 -Jj ,twyi
( thunder.
• •
9-30 ».m.
n<u
70-M
97-649
Clouded; fmtn
» •
4l».M.
was
W ii.
17*817
Rnin .. .."1
Clouded ..J
G4«*75
• •
7 v.m.
.,■.,..,
87*018
ii
11 A.M.
74-48
71 *7U
;: -.-.77
Ditto.
• •
4 i. v
74* H
73-50
37-407 Di
,. a**.
78*08 . 71*40
37-471 8
During th* mjlit fan tit- idi v. tfafl >n» it reined oomitmalW^MA tw»«V| *^
to dajbregk.
Hatuokbi on ttte Riven San Gazxtn
&pkmhtr S, Plata on Suanc or Tin limn Sas Gavan, € a.m.
•f
I . n. ly weather.
ir.cji op itje Riven San Gatajt, 0*80 a.*.
Ctoudj wcaJict.
September 10, Snnjtw of tor KrviW 8a* Gavax, fl A-M.
••
&un obwnred.
THKVnltftwing MpTEonoioorciL Obsvkvitioxh were made At thfl jiinnion of
the S»x O&TAH with lite Ivavturi.
D««ri«A
ii.-..,.-.
Tbwu I Wet
-1 'rw- n.
Air. (mwncUr,
Stale of tho
Id pn Bli
H MBnon
IV MM •
IM4.
1 ■»,-.
o
Mln
0
Ii..l. (
t[.uiiiWr !l
1! l M.
7Mfl
09 C3
ftfl -107
:-m.
IV
lfl aooa
78-80
«8 Mfl6
Ditto,
»v
I p.m.
n-u
7016
28-419
Sun stud clouJv.
* •
'2 pm.
73 • 80
•9*44
v.v.-.r.s
1),!!...
• t
3r\M.
79' 16
6* -36
tt'Mf
Ditto.
■ •
4 m.
77-72
no
u B«a
* *
A P.M.
73-76
69-80
Sfl'ftir Ditic
< (
6p.x.
71*78
67-64
• ( Ditto .. ..i
««c'44 r.
1 f
7 p.m.
It'O
M.'V.'
It*t00 ('loar .. ..J
■ •
a Mb
■
65 M
28*418 Ditto.
12
VlSl.N.
no no
60-80
-"' {*&»"*■
» t
C-30 A-M.
60 80
ft] ■ ||
»•*» r^nni"
• V
T-aa a.m.
r.«-<o
115- 12
88*407 1 Sun.
• »
6 AJI.
71 U
«.-. . ,.
38*449 Ditto.
Shores qv tiir IXAttJiAM, 12th September, & a.m.
__
Bar
•1
Snonns or td
r. Inamiuri, I'Mh Sejttcm
wr, 4*30 p.m.
TLrnociiailcr iu air •• •• >■ .. If 16
Threat < Ling rotn.
Wht 10-30 A.M.
Bar
Cio
dr.
and AyapalCi in Peru,
151
BUM n os tor I'row B0Q9O4TA, 15CA S*pttimbn; &AS a.m.
Sod
•boning.
!', 7 A.M.
La Hacienda, 17*A 9
ITA.
AMBO Of F.SQUTL
Meteoboumhcal Ov-ocbvationi made it I D4 1
TV •! ■■ffc
ll
BOH MM
in
Ait.
Vfrt
Thcr-
HBMMJ
r i>. in> i- 1
tttlcnrun
B . UK
Minimum
At .Nl«tjL
i H
F»tir.
B
K-iir.
a
l .. i , .
^■jiUunber 18
7 a.m.
-.i rr.
i-ut
M'SM
Klin.
,,
8 a.m. 64-40
fli'80
2**488
Cloudy.
, ,
•j a.m.
04-58
9$>SN
Ditto.
, ,
III A.M.
I9*S9
(17-112
■;.-. '.no
Ditto.
tl AM.
711 «Si
88 ||
U 877
Dittos
, ,
1 2 iioou
,l i .
69-4*
25 ftd'J
Sum.
,,
1 r.M.
683(1
»> ;k-4
,,
v r.M.
J4'U
66 84
«- 708
Din--.
3PJ.
72-98
66-oa
\ covered.
4fl
73 '86
a i< m
B61 Ml
Ditto.
ftp.*.
<-9 44
«-43
14 raa
Sun xii.Mnr.
1 ,
6 r.M.
0f) M
16-11
|| "NT
1
: r.«.
$a< m
Ditto.
,
Kr.x.
*■.: in
II II)
M-TM
Duto .. ..(
, ,
»M,
... |
64-04
24 8*4
Diltn .. ..
61aI6
,,
10 r.M.
oa-20
04 f>8
mm; 8
Hotnlv -•]
19
: .» «.
02 98
C.J "'1
tvso*
Rain.
, ,
8 a.m.
63 -art
a-41
;i na
Dittos
9 A.M.
■
■;*.•■».■■!
.
10 A.M.
21 'i :
Ditto.
I 1 A.M.
60*11
04*40
15*910
Rnin efiau*.
12 uooo
waa
imoo
Still*! .
, ,
1 P.M.
64 "23
8S-88
tt-ati
Cloudy.
, ,
2 p.m.
6U78
sa i-1
23-188
IUin.
3 P «
««-»«
na»24
sa-aov
1 " Jy.
4 I'M,
(J2 43
(ilvvt
aa-iio
, ,
fl P.M.
-
f.l -14
aa-eio
Ditto,
-j
6 P.M.
• i
59' 73
2S-826
DitD> .. ..]
to
7M 60*44
"•9'M
II
Ditto ,. ..
39°
7 A.M. 61-88
ril'hS
V5'*'.« Sun obnriirvd |
, ,
8 am. fll-89
83- 50
25'JUfi Ditto.
,,
:> a %
05*34
35* 833 Sun.
1 0 a-m.
tg ll
U5 84
25- 049 Ditto.
IM
BoOTAKnr r <m /Ar Delta end
wist.
MI. -IT* JWfci and Mouth* of th* AmuDari*, or Oaw*. Br
Admiral A off, of the Rossian Kavy. Translated
from the ]lua*iai), end oommunicatcd by Jobx MlCTJEIX, Esq..
EBJC Vioe-Oaaad ut St PatenJnuft
**wl.M»r<b It, 1MT-
iiu: Amu l>^riii, or Oxob of the ancients, after fiowiu;: m oo»
main channel through the greater part of the Khauat of Khun.
Urn teffmfl to bifurcate in about lot. tt1 1* and long. 60* 15# of
It, between the towns of Kipchak and Khodjaili, afW
•i ich it divides into the seventl - which I delta.
The centre part of this port: m of the bo#in form*; a
Ion, into whUh tba mten of idi tlit- brannhea, fffeeytjftg lite
wetferwooet, • in a «-rk« of lake*, overgrown
more or less with rocdl ; out of thcac they again flow off in
•eparate channel*, discharging themselves into the sea of Aral
The Helta of the Ama-L'arin lies between the two main
hranchea of the rlrer — die Lsndan, which strikes off to the vest,
and the Knvnn-Djarma, or Kuk, which bxane .*nn
below the town of Khodjaili on the e.i*t ; tin- latter, abOftj
I want where it falls into the eea, is known by the ume
■ Yangy-au,*
The course of the Landau, as well as the middle porti"
I ibogir l*akc. which is overgrown with rcccfe, and through whicii
thsj Landau lows, hare not as yet been explored I examined
mi. mill i.i the Laodu m 18M ■•. and m I85&and found a
depth of 1± to 1-J fixjt, aernw* ill'- lor, with a very feeble currcat
'i be bottom on tiV bar ted] i ti rarown with weds, that
i saw a caravan of loOO camels, |>r< to itussia, ford it
f.irli gajao, in order to keep off and control the Yamtid Turk-
men, who roamed along the courts? of tins 1
Lake Mlnij'ir. ;irni who preyed mi t f t» inhnhiuintfl of the "•■■
bordei oftofl MiMiit, tin- Ehivooi dammed the npper portion
of liit Lamlaa. md erected the small fortress ■ •! Bent in it*
A E doo. The Turkmen, taking advantage of the tr.-nu.-ui •
motions in Khiva, on seTorni t>< - tn-vod th-; Jam, which
Imrl teen constructed with the object of depriving them of m
but tho Kbivoctfi each time repair *1 it tu\ wofl as they could.
The Landau \x principally supplied with water from the over-
llowing of tho Arau-lhiria.
The eastern arm which limit* the delta flows off Ut the i
ready stated, below the town of Khodjaili, and is called the
Eutm l»jarma. or Kuk (Blue). It runs in a northerly lod
iuirtli-c.'1-.i.M-ly direction, fills the lakes Dau-kari and Tarn]
Ayagtf, and then, under tho name ol* Yanpv-eu full* into the
Tuan&bas bight of the Ami, opposite ESrniuloffLsIand.
.• . i -: •• ...
M.tittht qfthfi Amu-Darin, or Gsu*. 188
The appellation of Yangy-Su, oc Fangr-Daria 0?ew Water or
NewRiw), proilOUneodbythe Kirghiz ' I 'fangj WW "DJ U
in- .:i d rise to a general confusion of *' l':.mgy-
P.ina — branching off from tho Amu — with the I ij.n -I ma,
which fa thrown oft' by (be Syr (or .luxuries) below Fort
Perorsldj and losee hadf in (he sande; than b rthiqg
iiihi, I" iwi'i-ii tlicxo two riv • i .
Iu 1848 and 1849 tlw principal man of the waters of tin*
Amtl-I>:irm Wfl :.... i| tlif»ii:jli tl.i> branch E&tO tbfl •>«, 80
Dtatdoaa to Brmoloff [eland, 9j m&ei from the month of the
Yanj_*y-S::. •■ ilii w itariroiB overthi ride of the voeeoL
[n j.svj the water in the whole of the To " boi bight, which
Imd shallowed ma perfaetlf salt. The naaaom of 'lii* in all
probability woe, that during this decennial period the mass of
:• ha I round vcnl in another direction.
i .1- ■ mi ■ i i YMugy-Su and it* prolongation thti Kuk in
Lake Tampyne-Ayajje. wh 1 I ritoote ., ipoaite
DanvKarft, mid is reparat and
h '1 sp it ieh ut highvwatei flood the aches
mtothe Dini-K:ii.':. Tin- • \..l<-- < I'lmniiniraUs with each other eto
I'V a small fltr- u 20 fathoma bruud. Ii Am falling into
the sea the ITangy-Su furmi its own di-li.i. and flows post
islet* called "Uwh-Kuni." The breadth
of tl • m <■ 70 fathoms, with a depth of
5, 7, and s feet ; it* banki consist mostly of -amly liilhwk* ov.-r-
growii with tin ■■ Bejoaul,' and on firmer grooud by the " 1 ijida"
iIm' berrit s of whi ' \ are ooth oted ■ mil trj
and Knrakalpaka. L'ultivui* id &elth and molon-
Kromidh t.irii ocdaaionnlly bj the rtvondda The ourranl of
tfad riv«ir is very weak, about one-half and three-quarter* of ft
knot per how . ri rareh attaint IJ knot per hour.
\lr.T :i- -.'hiiih:' iho i'utlgJT-Sa, 2&| mi'' rther prOgTOSS
ww an faagywuinyng-taah& a rooky ridge ox-
Dg ri;j;til n tin; depth of wnt< I Over il was
1 J. 2, an.; , and only in one j>l.iue was there u narrow
tni 1 with i th< ra ' ronswl d of ■ grej sandstone.
(n LNiiwijii.- !'■■ oi i in - barrier I was compelled lo nave behind
is '"\ pri opal reaaeli a Bteamer of 10-hone-poveri whoso
draught did not allow her to p;-» ilie ii'l,;<\ und to rrmtSniia the
urvey m u opea l&hoiee-pomr sfe imer, with a crew of
eighteen man, The stony bottom, with sharp rnckn Inn* und
tin n rigid ■■■ :i iriy to tip- ear&oc oS U» ir iter, extendi (ot aboni
s milcv i .-in i ! i ii ■■ ]v, constant sonndnigi 1 bund that*
il :» f.-rt. thrrr Wi-n? depths
of 8 feet and ii --. and thai the itoarna raeoed tin rod -. Biw on
one aide and then on the other, after whielt soundings of 7 and
154
Boutakofp on thft Delta end
it were again obtained. Tho bonks Hon? on both sides rose
to from 40 to <>0 feet, iteep, sod OOBafothg of clay, being covered
with hushes, affording enpital ambush, \^ we arrived here
unexpectedly vo OCT no one, but if tho Choudor Turkmen
boated ■found the Shiran fortrem of Kurpuii ho, nr
higher up on tho Kuk, hod boon informed of our approach*
tin- o or lour of thom, stutiouuri in tho bushes, mil ht buuj bs?8
«hot down the whole of my party without incurring uuy danger
themselves. Above this point this breach ■ called che " Kuk,t
(bluer), mid (lows ln-lw i siuidj hillock* ovi mown with oasatd.
la ho mo places it washes round very low blau Is, and in oth
throws olr small lakes by \t* •)&■. Tls breadth is from .r*0 I
fathoms, mid depth, o, 6t 7, and 8 feet. Beyond tho r ■--■ -i i
covered lake of lnmp\ nc-Ayage is Chutchka-Dos Mountain, on
tho eastern sdope of which is situated tho Khivaa fortress of
K u Tranche', whi«h dominates and keeps in. subjection tho
ghisei sad Kamk»l|'n!;«, vrho nomadize or ir i in those
parts and around l.nlo- 1 'mi-Kara.
tska Tempi ne%A.yagd and the (arthei eon. -.• nf i li«- Kuk were
not nrvoyod by no, inasmuch as during my i xpodition, \
was in Boptambera Su ratei had con-Hid' rably subsided; besides
it would nave been the extreme of rashness on my port, to have
penetrated into tho heart of o hostile country with
men, having a K hi van fortress in my rear, and knowing, as I
did. that tho signal of alarm had been sounded throughout the
wbolfl country in oonsMtieneo of my sudden appearance at
Xukile. Fort, tho particulars of which will b • pvon lurthes
Afti i knowing off the Kuvan-Ujnnnn or Kuk. tin* \i n-Daria
flow* to tho north-won t uu-1 north; ils water?, however, are con-
tinually drained into a number of small streams Ktrikin - i II t o
the ttgXt, and pnrtieularly into a lugger one, the Karahoili,
which spreads out ever the depressions, forming nod-covered
tflkos, nut of which the water then runs off into the one common
ehaanol of the Dlkun-Dhria (Groat River)— the branch con-
taining the largesl amonnt of water of ill thu branches by h
tho Air.n-Dnria discharges itself into the Sea of Aral.
Only one part of tin- Amu — namely, that called the Taldyk.
below the town of Kuncrad, and which separate* into several
small Streams beforo falling into tho sea — rcachee the Aral with-
out having its conns Interrupted by lake* f he IWdyk, from
tho western side, is tho second of the months of the Amu. In
1S48 mid I B W it bad n very rapid < nrrent, and i\ depth of 3 fcri
on the bar; in 1868 I found that iu drill had b on brought
abooj I | "nlo lower down, and that then? was onl) l{ Iu 1J foot
of w;.ti-r on the bar; tho bottom had aUo ; oiaoftand
oozy that it was with difficulty that wo dn w our ftxt out
out of it.
Mouths of the AmU'Dariftj cr Gxus.
IAS
tin 'ml of tho Taldvk there an many fine meadows,
tad many cultivated fields ana melon-grounds.
The fortified town of Knngrad,thc principal bUaaTflnd centra
nf inliiiiiisfi il mi oftbe province of Kmigrnd, il sktMtttid on tho
loft buk of the Amu-l>aria, Its population numbers from
0000 to 8000, and consist* of Uzhegs 8art*j Kirghoas, nnd
Knrakalpaks. Besides the so-called Khan's Palace, with its tine
garden, ocennied by the governor of the province, the piincpal
mosque and large caravanserai, all I milt, of lump* of '-lay, there
oxo no remarkable buildings ; the bouses of the inhabitants are
B-looldng tin* sttQStsj narrow, crook, d, ami dirly, and irwl-
odorous. Around the town sprtmd fields, eardene, and melon-
grounds all of which are mtiili-Jally irrigated.
My first BOttaiftAtioa 0( the. Taldyk mouth wiu in 1848. In
order quicker to as<-< ita-u which of the | was navigable,
wo for led the greater part of them during the day, in whit h
work no om molest 1 a ; but two l.n*uiW, when we examined
■l.i ii ■niiiiriiit^ rlimini'iw, we were closely watched by .")<) EhfvH)
hor.wsMB, who had hern sent by the Khan to wiws Bio, d< id -:
:ill'. >*. They rodo nlotir the bank ulF which I Wat taking BOUJld
from a boat; and nlthoneli wo wero only live thev Old not don
to attock us, but Cried to allure us on shore. We COO
together very amicably. I told them we were fishermen and
wished to trade with them: on their part they inritod ma to
Void, ottering me rice, fruit, &a, I'trsule. PcKsMag; ii iweTOTj
that having accomplished our object we wore retiring, they pen
furiiiiH, and, dismounting, wmlnl info ih- water altar U| with
|fa ir guns. But it was too hito — we \\<v idn-mly quite out of
reach: all they could do was to send a volley of abuse after us,
to which my sudors humorously responded. Some Kir^hittS,
who had alui'ted their enc.impmente to the S\ r-Paria, subse-
nnciillv !ra\ ■ roe the following somewhat original account which
they had heard Eton the Kara-kalpak* of my appatta&oe at the
month of the TsJdyic : —
"At daylight a high white mountain appcarod at «*n, tho
summit of which spoke with tin- --ki< - 1 Ihil nooBtaio i
to spproaoh the shore, it then suddenly stopped and dived under
water (1 lowers I sj| .md enmo toonchor). Instead of the moun-
tain t!ii i »| otred a large boat: this lurye boat noon gave biitl
t. l I it].- i.< t,i. In which a BosrisiL'tanav*1 faonnnwueicr) rod-
BSJckwaxdaacd forward* on tho river, poking blw.k pole* into the
water. (1 took the depth of the vat r mth a black measure,
on the side facing these;).) Wli«n tho l» at had disappear. •<!. tin
'batyrs' or horsemen sent hv the Khan Mnetly ordafM thi Kara-
kalpak* to pull out these black pules so that Ihej might bo sent
Boutakofv m thtDcha and
|0 Khiva, but, in spit. -of their diligent ■Ocrch, tL'-y found nothing;
■ i ■mindly Hu 1 must Itare been botwftched."
The ftttDB 01 my supernatural power extricati d in DOT
0DO0 &01& positions oi v« n . Tims in 1850, 1 tbnad
mvM'lf willi tii n iteamer in the Ulkiui-Dan'a, in tin vi
of the whole Khiron arrnv, commended in p r ■ t by the Khan,
and uuluclviU whilst proceeding up this riter 1 vol ifftcnAd.
The Khirans numbered 10,01)0 men, and had 10 orass cans
which had been cast and moulded by a miuvray Kuwian ortd
mini. I •' "|n'l j 1 1 1 v tit lack, but refrnim Bring
the first shot. Too \ who rode up and down in front of
nyatearner fbr more than three hours, and who had rammntaed
lo udimbar their guns on a spit of land facing us, suddenly
limbered up again I d withdrew with their gun« to their chief
Oftaap. After ddi about 400 mounted Turkmen, mottlr armed
with d«iublr-l>arri-lli id Enetish guns, paraded before mo: those
were followed by a IkmIv of ahull! ftfMi kin-looted infantry sel
d jackets, armed half of them with matchlock* and the
hull' with [Aoa A trig Turkish drum was carried »t tin- be
the detachment Iu tins way tin itomy further su*'<
bits iiv i irare rcniMVed h\ Hi mm Ives. 1 aft< ascertained
iliat at the military OOUtldl of the Kluiu. who ru in fan
■ i be upon u.-. on" of tin- chief Uibegs Mid: —
■ Wlmt b too good of Hring at tin- Etnmii Mj whom ■ !■ ■ r-_:
DO liiirmV BoppOM WO do 0T0O kOl end wound tevotn) of" i
■■.Lai will be bbagoodofil ? The € U t-kay uk ' (flrelKmt) of these
uti'iela is of iron, which with them is made even to float, and
oar shot wSD c otly llv oft' (tin* sides of our \
only one-eighth of an inch thick). Jt h not those puna which
wq soc thai ,uv dangerous, but those black holes out of which
fchey will Ire such infernal things to destroy rw alL" Tho»*
ti mbl< hfltkfl WW only tin ■ nixrrturee in the cabins.
The rikrin-l »:ir:::, which dischargl i tl.r or* i.t< I DOrtat
thowfttexi Ol the Si r Daria into tin sea of Aral, fair
latter bj two branches. The western one ih called the Kitcb-
-Doria. The point of bifurcation of the two branches is at
R i.lu'-Kamu - ill* m< fit, about b'ij milca in a I line from
the sea.
'i'lu Ullcun-buri.t takes its ri.*c in the reedy lake of Airtin-
Kul, v.hirli is fad at it- nppei end, mid out of wlii<*li i
'•barged IB I i-trvnm, 15 fathoms brood and 1 fathoms deep, the
prfneipe] maa of waters of th< lake This sirenn forth
liiniicheB off at a sharp angle into two parts, forming on the
right the Ulkuii-Hiiwi, and on the left the narrow waterocmw
of ill-* Kuldun. which Bows for a distance of al*mi LIT miles and
Mouths qf tftc Amii'Daria, or Oxus, 157
Hien {alb into thoTaldyl i littl baton Kuignd Ju 1858 the
■ ateat dbpUi of tha Kttldan me44 fiNtyvfub n 1859 than*
Doly *ij foot at full \rator,«nd it wo* being Dvaigmvu with
reeds; (lie body uf watr-r h> which it hud I wen fed iru drwrte
into the IJlkun-Danii.
The riLun-DiULu is fad by affluent*, whi>-li inn. a*- in *ix*' iii
rtaocn to tin extent of rta oomn and npu out of the well-
Mipplird la!;« * above. TliUtf 2 rnile - \>< low | , ill MV:i.
Bagd village it1- breadth [sa]readyaboat80ilrthoing^with d< |»tIi-.
■ ■I !. ; . tin I (j :'■■■ -1. tvhil .t 'JO Triil.- ; h'Wvr down it Ihv i..th i
120 to ISO null..,,;-, with depths of from :i. 1. end S (kdirmut
l*li*- height of KuIh -Tan Mountain, ■ - j . j >, •- i t . - ti- ivhich tin- Ullnui-
Diuiii makes casfidembb bead% u about 80 feet On iti *•■
slope ia a «'i.nict« ry, full of -t mn^ ■ tomba and monument* in tin*
flhanc of Clip •! I ;. IJQVI tOWBW, tVv.
'I'll uiit.-rnf tin* Dlknn-Datia oontbniei to ii
i the Eight by tho inpouring ot" Liru- tr .inn flowing froi
takea Thee* ,ti nuih bear the common aano of Euk*Usuiks
. od an fcom W to 25 fathom* broad and twin *I to 7 fathom
iln-ji. Tin bank* i»f tin- riv'-r above Knbe-Tau Mount iiii. I
-it" tin? Knk-Uz ak mil Ix-lon thorn, :*r 00611
ami cultivated Solds, particularly the left beak Tin river is
; I-.. ln»i'il..T*'>'l iiy mi. my hoiuGBj rarrounded by irilkwr, apricot
.iirl t.iM poplar tn-<--i. Tin inhabitant.-* nn Di
|Mi-,<-»l of S:iri- i - and rT&r&kalpaka. A don BXtenda alnncj
i the <i'-pr<*eod bunk, which retainfl tin rati | dnxmf
t!n: floods 'Hid enable! the eativoa to i i nmv lii h!-
at all seasons of the \var.
The body of water in the Olkmi-I '.ni i *!• « s not h-n i <•
of i" mflei to the point when it throws oft the K
.'.in which -t<uids the small falftneaof Ohftmb&L Its bank.-
are thickly <<\ rrgrown with the •• djid.i," willows and prickn
..; 'i ii ■■<{< d at hi^h uator; tin- thick bruahwooi
in beaoe&ted bj irild i>* ai % ti ■■ '-. and j:i*U *th. The breadth ol
thfl nveJE i; (ran 160 to 2(W fathoms, and the d ■•|'th :n
pll : hod 7 latbuii - . lli«- < in n nt war* from .'5 to "^ km.t-.
» rst* per hour.
]'. B i/iii-.- Hnr it riv- 1. .mks .ire again driAt und fin⩔
hirp* tli*ld«, with Dnsadom Luton m!ng^ ouwaionallj border ; It*
-tnnin. Th« popttbti '--onfciata principally o£ Kankal
pokfl ; the ■ i -i t w Kirghiro*
In L859, whi-u tin' irholfl raojflB ma pai d by_thc
deprwifttionfl of :h»- Tnrknn'ii. who hml dispoaseajcd the Khan
..!' Shiva of -the Karakul |nL nil ijuml
nagnlar earthvotfii in «hi»!i thei it^- Th^
15*
EcuTAKorr on the Delta end
t fortified encampment of thi* kind, eonateting of 1000
u kibitkaa," or tent*, woe at Tenkc-liumu point.
'\'\.r soil along the tower ooone of the IMkun-Oarin i* wlla*
arffilUoooua. FioWi border the booki ot the river, and tads oi
C&ttli » -i mi ;i ui i »" !■- Mini i > 1 >- -\ < «ii« t. The Kaiakalpaks who
mo prinojppllv employed la agriculture ami only roai
for their absolute wiini^. .ic|M«ared to be in a proaperoua
rendition: the Kirghizes, however, were generally very poor.
Tbo number of tin- latt-r decrease* annually, ovine to
■ iiion to Btuaiae territory along th< lineol th Byr-Duta
In i -.n l |.;.--.. il .. hi oi the 1'Hoi i I i.L.-u. through the lora
Kiik-lT/.iiik and the Uka and stream of K«rabjiili into the chief
course of the Amu-Daria.
The lower Knk-Vziok at it* fall into the ITlkun-Daria ieaboti
30 fathoms broad and 7 fathoms deep at the full-water aeaaon.
After ascending it for 12$ vcrats 1 found that it conmsted of the
junction of I \V4 • branches: ill.- source of tin- right i< lost in the
lvochv but through tin: I-1'!. imtwilli-.tiiiM!
I slH'i'n ilitl in i-nti'l ill KiiM-Klll. Il 0OH
:-iv.it tXOttblfl 10 a Iv.mee through the denae Rinsae* of I
which grow over depths of G and 7 k-vt: at one pari it took me
it whole? day to steam :i distnneo of *2\ Tcret*.
The auxaul Arab groin Vjsry plentifully at KushkanaV
hill, the (V v.-if ion ill' which i« about loiHW-t. Il ■ \oinl it my
course lay partly through compact mosses of reed* and j
through tne open water* of lakeaAk-Kul and Itlumct-kol. m
which I encountered many shallows aud firm islets: in seme
plnon the Ummditg of Ihc wutm raublcd xue to see Mibim
■ i aiKsokl water-course*, which proved that il
li.nl Ebrnu clj been cultivated and subsequently become sub-
merged in consequence of the rupture of tin .Ian
fl change in the course of the river. Th< ehumn-la ■
(jui'iitly narrow. \\ Sliding, and shallow— sometime* fan than
4 feet, though this was at the end of August, whon tin? fratOM
generally sulfide to a cowtfderable MttenU
When in sight of Burly Hill, an elevation of about 40 foot,
ooTcmi with numerous tonit*, I determined lo leave my
principal surveying force behind me, and to proceed mrwaiu
in a small eteoiocr of lV>-bor*e-powcr, in whioh 1 ]*ii. tinted
iliroiifl ili • rei i! i: to tin' Kurubaili cl aiinel, ami from theao
into the main stream of the Amu-Daria.
The Karabuili 1 1/ .i : .. ■ In - - i.IT I'min tin* Amu-Dunn on tbo Oftst,
at about 43j mflea below tbo town of Khodiaili, and then unites
with it again within about 20 miles below Kuugnisl. The
portion I paused through was linod with firm banlav which, how*
Mouths of the Amu-Dujui, or <hti.\
159
occotno submerged during1 tho Hoods, lu breadth un-,
bom 20 to 40 fathoms, with dentin ni ■ p«rfod of Knv water
from 3, 4, 5, to 7 foot. On both brinks there are field-
U li nil m luii-gruunds and apricot and poplar trees grow
alonp the margins.
After passing the ruin* of the deserted bom of Old Nuku*-
Bazar. uikI proceeding 81 milo* boyond it, we suddenly, on
■ r,; round (li ■ I- nd of the riwr. *.iw before u.« the m-\>l\
erected forhvs* of New Nukus, with crenelated wall ty fathoms,
baring boos about 200 fathom* la length. Sbis unexpected euU
rnthti 1 US, mid made Ofl 0006 1" a dead -;i"|i ; Boding,
however, that, on more careful examination, tic n were no
finis iiiouni.-d mi the Wills, WO started forward again at full
speed. This oecurred al eight o'clock in the moRihi£ on v
bazar day; the banks were crowded with people, niid a shoal
-.I' bonis Blind with vegetables, firewood, moons, begs of millet
&e^ stood inoored in the river, opposite the fortruw. Tin
appearance of my little steamer wa*. to tho Kluvans wi
Astounding surprise) and thrvgra*! ou tho rtrango ph<
in mule aatoiiUhmeut. Am 1 wab passing lh" fortress, SU oflicer
hurried out to the river-lmii. with an invitation that 1 should
tho 1VK\ or I ant, I visit. I replied that I Wftf
proc Khodlaflij bat that on my way buck I would
eerta. i visit to tho Bofc of whose wtsd a and great
virtues I had heard so mash. Wo advanced at the same time
Slowly forward, our progress being occasionally impeded by
shoafa "ii \» rich ire ran aground. Aft' '
ere reaebed 1 1 » ' - oommeBoeme&t of tho KarehafW, whore it
i Mit'iH-- ufi" from the Amu-Daria. I here stopped tin engines
. U | to oukl .'i mid-day ObsetTati IB Of til fctt latitude,
then entering tin main stream of the Amu-L*nii.i. 1 hoisted the
Russian colour.*, and steamed from one side of the river to the
other.
At this point the breadth of tin* river, which i« ooiudderablv
losseued by tho separation higher up of tho Kn - * i.hk-Ii, 1(n<l of
..! :-iii;ill streams on th< » is al nl 200 fathom*, the
depth, notwithstanding th • oonsiaenble fall in die level 1
water, wj.i from 6 to 7 fret, and the cuirint abonl '-'J knot*
) [..r ii. .in Tin; banks are low; the right «nk i
covered into the willow and " djida," and the left with reeds.
\o inhabitants were to be wen
Baring in OUT roac a Khivan fortress* the £>> i whie.h it
was to be BXpeOted would (vxiu recover from the piune caused
ra&e&j I did not consider it advisab'' to tarry long
in thesv waton so, after making an observation ci the altitude
of the sua for longitude, we got up full steam, and sped ranidl^-
160 Bewshxu on Part tf MmopotOMto contained Mtrem
down ili» rivi i t|i tin? current, Tin? horseman, who kail
iloved u when wo wen ft oling out way op rtr am, a i
now obliged to gallon hard; but the uneven rountry and
anxnerotai outtl I lend his prop^ess, mid be lagged br bi
»o that he retched the gate ol (ho tort when w< h,wi already
!■ - •■■■' -1 it. and when it was too late to adoj>t any measure*
r» -tiug our prosrea*. \ Khivun officer, in o higb ah
skin lint and bright silk rube, galloped all
he had bmxiedly muuuttd without a -i< >n< <«-vhi"-ntK
we bad no! bras expected to return bo booh), and shouted
i)ni ili' ; Belt expected bi to visit him, that )i< repared an
excelle it repaeti dmi wa ought not to disappoint him. and *»
forth. I continued my trie, however, without
answering the officer tW J was sorry not t ^ ■ be aJ I
Bek - *i > thai ocoaaion, rant I > i i ■ > mv complimraita, wished him
health paid mnob bappini . attd toon disappeari-l. We
only saw at :i distance that the boree ol the Khivan bo •
I («. ji daad stop at b brood ditch full ot" water, and bow tbi*
ridi i tore off hl8 bat hom hil head in di'Hpair. and iliiMml it I «
the KTOV&d
Tho iq til of tta bar of the I Iki d Dori
change; oroadng It hi July of the year L859, I found onlj
2J feet of prater, and wa i obliged to unload ray Btcamoi
and to send oat men with Hpndea to dig out u rlmi u<-\. r hi
which wi in.'li l«\ inch, In August and £-»pt«
how reTi of the bu then wei ■ I and 1$ fee ■ baft
I I oaslh -i omed oyex it.
Boaidas the four princiiud mouths of tho Amu-' •
Ailii!i'ii\ Tnlilyk I " IUi:ti* 1 >:m.i. end Vjin^y-Su, thoro an
othor interMLHliatM i nib uchnres which open into the see. but
these are aO rarj malli ihallow, mid are covinl with reeds.
VIII. — On Pari nf W-rtpofamia contained hdvxrxi £(hrr>
Bayfto, on tfi> Tigris owl Tel lln him. Hy Lirutenant J. H.
Bewsiiku, Sun ot&mift,
', a^ffU Sj iter.
TlIK ••'']'! i)l' t ;;.■ t!i .i[K.iMiiii!i, whi-'li I in* ;
• u. s!icrmt-i-l-l>t:vil)ii. on ili* ligriSj 1"
mil's north- 1\ i >t nf lia^U<!jui, to i In iound of Til
Ibrahim, nearly in - the loyindi i- >I< t-potjiu
and 19 miles iulb. of Ililhdi. This h the uortharu point in
ili- 1 tpleted by Loentanant OoUingwood,
The work naa takei up by Commander Solly itnd rmsclt* in
S/V^l
iat-<l-Bcjtha% <m ifo Tigru, and Td Ibrahim. I
uitunn of 1862. Several things occurred to nonnl tho
sheet fill (be autumn of 1865. In the firs!
place-, the Mont iiik rel» llion rendered tin counti tor a
time. As soon as this affair was settled, my n rrio
required bj the Political Agent in connexion with rl..- ti hyruph
tii ii being erected between Baghdad ind Busroh. When I
.1 :. ab o i" ;;«> on willi : ! ii - -in \ . -. . i niiimMit] i Seller hod
3, and I bod id icded bin na mm ryor fa Mesopotamia
in utti nijiiii.^ to give a brief description of the country i i
Gain "1 in tliii (hftot, 1 purpose following down, ;»>■ ..hi*-.
the OOOXS I ' the Old navigable amid* whi h fill be traced.
[ slmll ninth. r niVKflf ;i!iiu-t i litili h ti> U dt'Wcl'ijitii Hi (if till-
. , (Miiul::, .'.ml l li.n- ; [\>v tin | ivm »t
the country offers a sad contrast to the Mesopotamia i
.uui Roraun authors, ■ * even to the J ' th time of the
AbbtuctMi* Khalifa of Baghdad Liltl- mn] 1 I ->f the few
i. canali and scant cultivation of the present <Iaj.
In tho north-cast corner of this sheet, ami lev Italia mil*
a half from th Is tho bed of nn << m. m»w r'nll.'l
ook, or tho linznar. It runs down t. v. Iid.i-h ill
i-nviniii.v at which city it. femur! y .ninj.hVd with wiitpr It
appears t« * have been regularly built, u$ rum:; run along both
banks till uithin a utile mid a half of tin- LOUD (oi Bl bnrb of
Baghdad) called KathamidiL, Q^ie supposed by Cbosnoy to bo
deal with tht [shaki canal du& according t<> Abut 1*Y<Ul,
in th.- tin KhalifMcta Watkel (a.d. 850) by bbal [bo
in r Expedition to tho Kni>hnitr.; llU,| Ti"n.><.' vol. i.
I- 27). fts present name of Eh Souk, ax tin
to it by tho Arabs, from its bearing, in places whare It has :
aeepened, ^uw fanciftil remmblaaae to u bazaar. Xhis name is
common one apparently for old canal*, th.i.-
k colled dose u> Bagnoad
r may here remark that, ns a rule, the eanali lAieh appear
to bore boon oangabL have low bank?, but nlightly raised above
tin surrounding level. They gnu-rally wind (unatderably,
horo ruins on their banks, often lining then be wiles. Ju soino
|il;uv>, nr:ir 1:i.;i* mm-, liny nppeM to bftv n^ulaxly built
side*. From these et*eama Irrfgants inn gtwn off, anil led
over the <vuutn in <» lion n<» -ihlc. Tim-- have frc-
tlj h jli banlu of from ^0 to 80 net, and b tome instances
high* f. Ti& is accounted EorlromtheiKt thai the running
iiii^uirr u -jit fii;up i.y the rati of wato through them;
wboroee the derivations from tli.-m WW i d | n &d during the
aprlug ortaarlj summer, whon the riven ore high. Thes<-
to be dcataV out yearly of the deposit left bv fchsj muddy traj r
This an heaped n|> on tho aides till thoy bad reached such a
VOL. XXXVII. TO.
L6S BVWflHSB on Part of Mesopotamia contained betvm*
height thai it b^arae Josb laborious to dig a now oanal thai
travel vp the vteep ridM of the old one with the • eat
of tha bottom. Tims ftve or six canals, with formidable
-n retiming d b bj aide for rnilos, tin- p..
(ream In H - -m indnrtini t thai a) timet ii is difficult to trace
it. Thia sjnti in <.'t deepening ami digging new <■.-.
' (he |.|rs -ill iliiV.
The supposed navigabh .minis or constant streams arexaarfcadE,
i ■ in i|i. i> itii i mi open liip i, the .-i.p posed unused irriganfc*
with btacb linos, Tha ruin*; on the beaka of tha 800
thai several bare supposed fcb Sittaki 1
Thougi tlir iwuap from the SaUawiyefc cam] has done
:t ■ 1 eel 1 1 0 'iit( rate tin 1 r mini , wt tho country around ii nil
eorered with brfaka and d£bria of Irafldinga, to n tteot
that there aw at flwt wght good grounds for this supposition.
Then ire two boUowi along tho Iin«* of the Booh which I
:)]i]i:m.'htI\- been made by Hi* rii-.li it wjii»t from the Saklan
marsh. They are batf n mile apart The souther:
called \mi. m \i!U'li nadawryeh, and the northern, Ate Serahlut
Am i* the Arabic for 0 spring of water. 'Hie B< rakha pond i ■
uImiiiI 1N> yiinls in d i.tftn -f i -i . .nul mi drop thai water remains
to ft aU through tin Lot *ouw>ii. i hi the eastern bank the \->
rain co apt '< ly below the level of the ground. It is composed
eki embedded to bitumen. These are 1 3 Enehei m^iuk^
and 2j to I inohea thick; they aw oat out of the bitnmja
which they are embedded) and carried t.i Baghdad fbr
The town of KathemaSn ii elaetorod rnmid, and dorivi
11 11 in- t'lnin, 1 1n* tomb ii| twii I mil ma buricl there. These are Imam
•in 1 1 Bftthem, the Beventfc in direet ascent from Fetuna, the
daughter of the Prophet, and Ida gnudson, llahomed bin !
Rest, Mimam.-»i KI TaJrj, or the Pur*. The tomb consist* of
two doinoe, OOTWod win rilt tiles, and four minaret*, Tory
ily imilr with enamelled tiles. The whole b 'uclosoa
'Aitlmi :'»in i,j„-h wall*, which partially hid*1 the birred pre* 1
from the eye of 1 1 ■ * anbsliewr Prom a distance tin1 A
i\ I ra v beautiful ippearaaeeh »md serve as landmarks for
many miles.
.mi contain! about i.r>,000 settled Inhabitant*, whose
number* are swelled by influx ol pil-iii .ill ..f
■1 1. sitinli)- k. iit niiic. to the ■oath oeel of this -'■■
stands tho tomb of Zoboyde, the favourite wife of Jiuroun el
Rasheedi 1 name (haiSar to nil readere of the ■ Arabian Nights.'
This hex bet a pdouely kept in tolerable repair up to the present
time, and WBS aeeewublr not runny ynuvc uyu, but tin- mil nuu:v
iv now bri'
A survey of Baghdad and its unviroas on 11 l.u . ■• -»:alu \\.
S/tirriafrel-Bni/tlia, en thr. Tit/ru, and Tf.f fimihim. 163
mad* by Oontmaoda John end Mr. f'olliupv flu* Indian
Xiivv, and forwarded t- GoTOmmttlt, with i memoir DO the
province. Theee wen pnblialkAGl is we Bombay Goi
hVcord*. \o. XI-III. It will Ik- -.iilticii-i.t !:• lii:it
»lad woe built in fchi w 145 of the Begin {.v.d. 702), by
Id anftoor, the second Ki alrf!
I'll.' account* given bj tin' Aiuli hifltOZUUM are 1 rcttl-
:H" inn! i i>in-. Mans of i1h-h.- •!i;h".-- coarwmng Hi'1 building
•of tin- bOfrs UO the pvcut-i t tmt oe/Mirred during the roiirn* of
tin* Abaa&idi Kluilir^. luivc iomul their way into ' QrioEitirifl
Arabia' sind '>thor irarfa.
In a.u. 666» U i i:.:ihiii. bbs leal I pet to
dealt bj Sulaka Khan vn 1 w i i be captured tlu* • \\. \\>*t «if
I ui.li.' i-iiil liirj, v.. -re tin -ii .i< aid 't i probably duo
a great tneasuxv to this prince, thai l».i;:hdad ni" (In- pxejQAfl
j snows but few traces or its former ii
After being taken and raftnken by the Tnda and Persian*,
Baghdad u;:- II nail J conquered by Snlun Murad IV
A.l', L63S. "SlBOG tluit poriod,M 1<>.| | it Oichton, "the i'ii«'0
Qlustrioni city af the ibbnxaicloH Bus been degraded t«» the
t of a Turkish Paelmlic." Among the few remaining ruins
t i ii i K ii' Abbosside dynasty in Baghdad may be seou the
MedrcMveh or Collego built by Aftututwr, "' the. yenr 880 of
rh. Begin (a.d. 1232). The mecrintion on it ifl being now
rr -t n ■■■<!. Oin * -t 1 1 j. ■ il » J - - -: building in tin Town U tli.-i minaret
oi u uiu.t-jip tullod Jeano et-Sook ol (Bvuaj after the thread
market oeai whirL it ia Commander Jones determined the
position of th: t, which he girc* in Ilia map of Bjghdftn'j
ei in 1*1, 33° 20' s., long. 44° 25' a. Gbea i<» the neatwud of
bdad are seven] deep openings of the* SeJdawiyi '' ct oat, or,
noon properly speaking, of the marsh formed bj (ho Beldawiyi [l
ThioBurh one of these, \i aeaoodL i iaptan Lyneb brought 'be
Kuphrafc$ etconier in L838. Tlio JSoklnwiyob is now closed, both
tOB the Kuphrntes end Tigria,
Tho largo and conspicuous ruin now ceiled Akr Sflf Ifi 1(4
iinh-.s. u little in. it 1 1 < t veet> fivmi t.Iih bridge of IkmAi at IWh-
dad. Thin rum n; eon)p.»:;1.d ol sun-dried brieka. 14 inches
■quan and nearly 4 inchee thick. Between the lajea oi
(a uxu of recU «t ni;it-t, nnd botwe r] M-x-nthand
the
b rl
of I
eighth an extra tliirkii.r.- 1 : .,-ds can be noticecL Tkds
mam of ran-cbied bricka is solid to ell ■ppauanee] ii oearlj
square tn ibftpOyOnd rteadta n" I '":" oi appezt -atly kiln-bnrnr.
! aud lime, li is nnrronnded bj i iteaeive rains, which
huvi- ully "peiied by Mr. Loftua,
A canal amKiir* to have juumm! cIdm* to (be eastward of AUi
Kuf, but as J havo traced it till it wu& \oA V»> \\t^ WAaowvi^
161 BsWBUEfl on Part tf Xacfotamia contained fchwaw
swamp, I urn unable to Bftj from wbioh river it oatnSi Akr
Kuf ifl ipokflD i»i' by Chcsnev, and also in lU^linaou's • Auri< ml
tfonarffmoij' m bang on t\u- SiUa\rryeh. It i« luppoaad by
:*iil Kawlitiai.>ii to be the ruin uf a Parthian to\in iMCUpjittg
llif -ilr of :iii I'lirlii-r < 'li:ililr:iii cilv iNntr tnp. 27, Vnl. i. ' At*-
oii m iEozuuvbiai ). Ji Ifl marked in ChoSQflj'fl Dtp if ill-
ruin ofAocad aftua Bibles and in Mi Rawlimxm's work as the
sit© ol' Durahn. It;; summit :.- nOfl 126 t~c«M .
(bo ' on&d neex it, and die ■hapelflM mass can lx
tinctly Man bom botb rivers Yakuti, spool
«ny* it w.i.i Mtppoitcd iu hi* time (.lUuit A.M. UK!) to liaYO been
the burial | taoQ of BaBBOfan Icings.
Hie A 1*11 Qbnrraib is a modem coi all now in a noting
from the Euphrates at a point :»4 allien mart of Raghrfad, and
about 68 miles direct from Ilillah. This canal appears to bare
been cut in the l>ed of the Nahx Ai tm, aa "!'t oaoaJ of thr
of Muiisoor, the founder of Baghdad. The Saklav.iy li
canal, whi b h-ave.s the Euphrates about 0 miles above thc
Abu GharraJb, b roppoeed bj I Iheaney ('Expedition to the
Kuphwtea and Tigris, vol, i. pp. 82 and &5),ana othi a quol
him, to mm ■ -[n mil with the Nnhi A.-e^t. My roa
thinking that wo Aba GhuiTuib and tbo Nuhr Aeeea oorreapond
arc as follow*: — There is a ruiu of B tomb now in eastern
the Ahu Qhurraib canal, which is described In tbo 'Majno ol
iiuldftu'of Kekuti M bi'inj: <m the Nahr Accaa. Beaicmthif
IBCG, tbON ifl that f>f the Zmihu \ihIk, the .nlti-
vutors Of th« Abu (■huniiib dtstiiet, who I'u^naAiy told me
that Ibeii canal was out In the l"'il of as older streanj called
ihi' Aeetawi (Jhcsncy conaidi re the Ahu Whunaih to coif
with the Xalir Bazaar of Aim! Feda (Hap No. 7 «if tbo Sent*,
and vol. i, p. GO of bis work), vet, in the next page, he *nys the
AbuGhurrub corresponds with 1 1 ■ • ESI M.-W;, a ca&al to the
Miiiiliwanl ahieh I will presently describe; also at. p. 281,
W>L i.. whcic lie eajfl tiio ruins of Kush arc on the N.>l r 'lalUi ;
these ruins Iu- has previously identified with Sindiyeh,
placed tbcni on ihu Abu Glmrraib or Nnhr Surser. I h.
1 confusion in tin- 1« 1 1 •_-* i ■ ■ ■ - •'- !<■ ' ,;'. 'll|t in the
map tbey mv ran tzbtinots and the Abu Qbt&indb b marked a*
the supposed Staix Benar uf Abul Fade. Either ut' the two
cabals no* callad a en Bumak and Sawadijab migbl correspond
e iti. Abo] Foda'i Saver. Thoae »aj hare bean cat in the bed of
oIdc:r MleiiUih, I'liI rhev lull] liol Mlllirieiill)
of savigahU oazMdi to warrant my i iarkiog then as mob-
old name of Hcrwr *w applied to a euimi BeOXQfl (JtUtO Unknown
tt> tba prnaont Arabs.
Abul i*cda says the BeTBei left the Euphrutct* bclot, the
Sfn "'"' ■' Eft Jfrttfj On thr Ti'jrit. 0I& Tel Ibrahim. 163
till i Domoi i Sener, which i» doeuribed by Edrw
u flourishing eomi&eroial town, V mil- fn-i
able canal on which then i* :•• bri»I;.v <•)' 1jms»k u'ni
ping nil these oonntriee, be m it .pin* the* Ti^ri* between
Baghdad and illodain ("Expedition tc the Bttpl Eatei . « r » • 1 Tigris,'
VOL i ii. 56). Yuktiti, in the ' M.ijm el
•I Knldun,' n] " BOJ
two nUam within the limits d Bs ghdAd, tb jpn it v- i
mid the littlr on tin- N'.tlir \i'r-.(1 Mini tomfiimtS calJnd tin
s- .•■' ,; mid tho distance between tho littl ■ Senwr and Bughded
is two forsiikh.\ and if )'• on tin* road ' ■ ihr II;ij h im l>n rhdml.
and w.vi c.'illi'il in lurmrr duy^ Si-wr Ed J>rir."
\V!n:r.' two i;. I) <«1 authorities n* Alnil luv.ia and Yakut i
disagree, it i* difficufi to form an opinion, but it. leeou prol
that tlic Nuhr S. i n-r v. 1 1 n I. ranch of the Nuhr A
At ;i place called Mmifuth (meaning a place where salex
Hows), tho old fltrijim wliicli I have UtOQgfil Bn*S tu<
Aeean bifurcates: on branch going on to the Tirris, a little
Boiuh of Baghdad, and the othoi ktoun Ij d
ties, There an rains in great, abundance .'it this spot — i** Gwt,
in wonderful profusion: and the distance from Baghdad of 17
miles almost corresponding with that given bj IM
might vi'Ty probably be lha minx of the (own of Borner,* ■'•
whio 1 Hoataeni branch canal might bo thfl Saner* as
laecxtbed hv Yakut*.
ah, -r Sindfoehj nhioh I have previously mi
Is the ruin of a hamisomch-huilt mosque or tomb. It i* 00
thi vim Ghnrrafb, and i< distant 20J miles from Baghdad, froi 1
vrhieh ii bean about \v.«.w. It ia nailing W intodoeaj
dome having Mian la Y.-iknti mantiona thu plaoa,and any*
ih. it it ten k :i- iiujhm IVoni a man o! Siudwan. who was in or
governed the district; and he secins to say, fori* is lot very
in ili- iiiljoot, lhat this man difiO there in A.H. 50*
The tomb IS amatentlv of a later or Aba&ude time. Jhe
appearance of toe ground in the neighbourhood would tho*
this, .. mod other baildi (tending, ••
on others then in ruins. This apot was visited] according
D'AnvillOj bj both Balbi aadTexeiia, A mile and n hall to
the eastward of Senadiyah a branch canal Leaves the -''■
to the northward : it is tailed the kkatam, and I
appearance of having been a permanent 01 navigj »1 am,
as tln« rains on it-' ranks are wry oonaidexabia 1 have only
■ii 7 miles from tlie Bork^ as iiv w irk
thara [ami be wrong in Raving this stream ca i the
r i funi ii.. ii-roi anil liave not aaoertained the dip of
• " Scrur "- Arabic far <ri<k<t
166 Be\tshek en Pari of Me/opoiamia contained betvvtn
the country. p -nerally from north io aouth, and I may
lind that this canal took that course,
Then HV Mmm) very jM-ciiliiir old ImiIx of Mmim* OT ClDalfl
|0 Up ifd of Si-uadiyeh, suoh as I have only mot with in
l>art of the country. They are 35 to -40 pa^< - I toadj and
run & ml M 1:1 i i ■ rfeclly *triij:ht lino. They hat* no I
on tLcir lank*, and in a distance of 30 miles hare ordj two
fih ninnls Dfl ■ ii atfag from them. Hmi it- nor I >• - * * 1 1 for '
two canals 1 ahould haYo tukcu them for old cmbaukm<
:illllol|;I; ill. ^ at! HOW mil. ;i fuuf "I t\VO »l)OVI> lli< I H'l I I
ground. Tin- Arid* uko tln-m in tii* \r inter, when tin
bs and call them all "TowaaaV which in the
diminutive of tin* word :nrnnin<r length. They bare DO
what ill- > WCtt for, or when M uaei and they are
r-jiially apozdfl to me. ! lime murlvd thorn, nti (he map, with
fafO Op il UH ;.: Ihi\l'_"iiltl' -•lUIIil::,
Finn- mQei Io Ufa wi *tward of Ffeimdiyeh Fa a mound
Kunoesoh, or Kunasch. Xh& mum' at Ml ■«' attracted 0OT at
lit-n, from tin: fuel of thr lull!- of Kuii.l.vi QBTOlff been fought
in til otirhood, and from the strange similarity of UN
two nwni , B mi • li being tin- nearest approach that an Ami.
OOnld make t" Kuuaxn. In I com try where imm uud*
on froqtt inly ahacgod — except iorifcod, the larger one* — it
set in-, Improbable, and almoat Coo good to be true, that thli am
te of which i;; in.'ou bo lung eougl]
should bare leapt He name intact for naarh wvhi yr.n-.
Ghaanej ind Ainnrorih, who haw bean over tho • ay gr ■
have aoi noti aama of Knjkaeeeh* which ii the mon-
nnuiikiilili riinii nl worn* to conYsiK.tml with that Called
Abu Crhnnaio En Aa mop of the .-xiM-dition u .
Eaneeesh if the kmbic for " chmvli." mid I in*li« \>- ih>- Ilehrew
WOld i : m ry -iiniliir. 1 v"nhnv to think tlutt the Dame Kuua:
given to the buttle ":i il),- iiuthorilv of Hutarch, may I"' I 004
rapticn of the Hebrew void] and that the battle waa aetoattj
:;it at t l*i i not There could not be i better authoril
tliiv; point than Mr. Grote. who Baya. N Following, therefore, tl
distance given bj Plutarch ipo-l'iiMy eopied from Ktosid
should |ilafi' Kniiiixu n little l<»ner down flw river thau 1 i Lujah
tins arana the moet probablo Buppo6iti< History
. rol. be. noto 2 to p. 56). He moand of Eon
1 7 miles from I'V-lmah, and 51-J in a direct lino from lial
the Dorthon momo ox those oaad ag th<
Itabylon, Thi la neady -i* maj be, ^it'i the DOO siadia
«.i Ratarch, whien ha girea aa the dmaei between the tvro
nlaeea.
Whothor tltH Buppoaitiou U- n-n-ocl or not, there is bothi
XIUj
Sfteriat-cl-Beythat on the Tigris, and Tvl Ibrahim. 167
think, in Xcnophon's account of tho advance or retreat of th.
Greek* 1 1 mi woau cUooeoti it- Eb tioUovrma tin- Kraotai of the*
ka, 1 will tuko Price «a a itarting-poinl. Thia ka marked
in i beaosy's map an 22 miles from 1 1 i r . * tanmander ■' ■-. o1
the Indian Nuvvf a former surveyor in ' una. thinks ii
aiiuuld bo identified with a place called Ih*ka» (Sty mflaa to the
-ojtKtvrard of Kit), from the fact of the ArabiV word Baku
; aLout tlit- Nimc ruraiiing ne tlio Greek Pj
tiic Tact that there is actually a narrow pass at that vlu>
li-fta-nfl,' No. XI. ill., p. 268, not©). Prom l'yl«.
tin- Groan in thraa dajw marched 12 paranangft; then, [a am
<lay, 3 parosangs. It was iu the middle of this inarch that they
name to tin: tivnelt supposed to h.m Ikm-u ml ^.^ Ait.iv.
kttd passed it by a iiamiw poatago of 20 feet. This uW-nption
will rx.utlv apply to an irrigating canal in the process of con*
mil. A passage Of iilwiiit. 20 feat broml is always left to
keep out the water of the river while it is being (fag R till the
turn: fat vatannfl tin- land arrives, Kurtiii-i on, Xanophmi mi\>
it waa not (In- time for wiuVnug tho oronn (p. 88, 'ope
nhou"). A- to the trench axtaoding 1- parosangs to the
Modxun wall, this couM only have been statoil OB htt
dencc. Xcnophon than mentions the four 1'imala which aw in
the plain. Chesney seems to lay preat stress on this passage,
tor. in roL ii. p. '.'it!, ho say*, ■ 13m \m tin Nahr B
r r niils wvro so iiiimv siuti'nm\'c lines uf ■ I • Genoa/'
cos these canals wore cut BWffO than oloron hundred
yt«r* alter tin* Uitth*. Mr. <Jnav, in tin- mop aoootapanring
the 9th volume of fab 'History of Qfeeoe/ has pi*
canals to the Riuthwnrd of Ktmasfti Eb also notes thai Uajaa
<-r, Mr. A in* worth, and Ob may, have wronglj
interpreted tliL mrdfl of Xenopbon, who doee not say
pyrin aver prawnrl (be wall of media en these fbar canals b»
the battle »f Knmixa {' Hintory of Greoco,' vol. IX. D- S8^.
X.ii.i|ilnni am tlic mtefjraa derived bom KheTij rie and (ell
Into tli" Bnpaxttai and ho repeats this state an ■' thfl
led after thobottta This leenu t<« 1-"' ;■ mistake,
a* nil the canals in this part of tho country would, from its <lij .
bo iicocwanly cat from tlu Euphrates to the Tigris. To
tiriui* ii the fcot«te[iK of the <
I'vlic 15 parasang*. and if 7 paraain-j iwd for
the next two marehe iviB rire 82 pi is rom Pjrks
to the Sold of battle. Bokaa ■ dbtunt ii- ..-.una ..r
Kuno miles, in hh straight a lino as it is jm^iM- to :•(■.
This dividod byS2 would pdv dj tfl] ! d 0 c o ih< pi
which is abeni eatreot D taimtl that Um pebbly
rklge clew© to Kuneesoh would exactly answer to the u> "-m\-
1 $H liEWsnEK en Pari of Mesopotamia contained brtt.
it ! mentioned by Xenopl nil. « d which Artaxerxcu*
:■) iuikIl* ;t BtftQd ftftei (in && Ml*
\iii-wortli, in liis'Tnu'k »n the FootatOpI of tbo T
sand,' says he soppoaei tfada eminanoe to be*n bean u Id or
nrtifiViiil mo hi 1 B v int imtiirnl momni; in tlio iimntrv;
init ho is mistaken Eo this latter assumption, lor the ndge I
allude in i- i.: i i '•■« lung anil 80 feat btgfc if art n
m ..! the? v<ir- nt of the <im-k* from ll
r.Uiipini'l;(. it ill;,'- uniivll to thQ Jinilli of ill- b
has pivon rise lo much dismission. Xonophnn nr i
fore, o* it war* clay, tboy began their march, with th.
oo their vi.-i t " r S|. im :n'- XenophoD/ p. S4). Tin-
swale appear to be a northwardly or aorta nortk-oast-
vrardly dii xrtion; sad fthe difficult] h to recencBe this with
i "expeoting to flam by sunset at some
. i .;• .iv ii tin- 0 ■nutry of JMrrlon," and With th»; fact
that they did erentoaDr arnvc nt Nittnl;i. .-i it] oo the road
Bom, or to flu eastward of the former
■;:\. Mr. Qrote thinks ilmt bj the sun on their ii"li! hand
\tos meant the nrid-dav suu(* Jlietory of Gx boo,' i »Lix. |
□oto). I [iiwsililr tli.it f.lir- Wrecks may havo mad* .i
<k:unir. n avoid tin- troops of Ajtaxenes, and, perhajK
Mm pebhl] ii'!-'- between tin • -i.- -my im<l i
Th.- pa itiuii of Siltuki hiu bo- h variously pl:icr I. ' li'-xnoy
•ii] -pi..-'-.-. S1m ri. t- 1-M vtlm to luxv-:; bocu tlic- Mite (vol. ii. p.
Bii Henry Itawlinunn, on the testimony of Captain.)
I liat the \«, iihiirlKi of I Wi'jhi Iim J w« :■ I nill o
of Sittaki (Bombaj Government Records, No. XL III.,
u placed them on the eastern ode of
i!,( Tigris, and .lit ut •'• miles to the southward of Baghdad
(map accomp o). ix.), Mr. Iomliiworj, in the map pre*
teciog x\i I 1 1 1 1 « • of his i Ancient Montr hies1 1 * » - pi
Ski i. oi r>it!nn-. a:j or 34 miles to tbo wnth^aartward of the
Diyul lii i on the eastern bonk of the Tigris.
ntrabn s;i)* Mint Sitraki wm on the road from Babylon lo
;Um1 .i'M OIII 111.: 1 >n i l- oily. I AflU ^■■tlllUO at
iU upon bo op ii on of my own as to tin- pi • •;■'■•. ix-iti t
Sittaki, bat r1i.i1! nrppoM it to have boon near taw marked Id
Mr. Rawlmson's map. A- 1 hare only seen the ii: -t tola i
the * Atui-nt Mom ■ do not know what mini Mr. I
Hnson (Oppose* to bai marked the aftc^ or bjr wha1 aasu they
::m no i snowit Some Piuua on tin* eastern (tank of tho l
now ftdli-d Ii<-ir, might rnrro*pond with Sittaki of Mr. Rn
I Ii- I ;*r is Bowed at one time apparent!] to the eastward
ofDe Liem oairtCollmgwwdjWuofarveyodtiii ooaaftvj
id i • 1 1 nmniDg fowardi it, says,
Sficriat-cl-Beytfia, on the Tujri** end Tel Ibrahim. hV.)
used itraighl on towards the r: \ . r. and boas the top of
• _\ inliilljt. ' a monad a little to the wtttowatd, aaw mound:, i-m
opposhi bftnl leading to Sail ovidontli the continuation of
the OMUL ] b< oth«I OUUdl I did not onite follow t-i rh ■ bffi h ■
— high braabwood intrru-niu /; but they all centered in (hi
eame spot, and the people th ned me that thev fill
7. appear -I on the oppoaito hunk i i:\tra. ( of i I. feterioOotonftl
ball, l\b.. Political Resident, BaghdadV The mounds of
Deo an dtnatod, according bo Lioateiuat Oollingwu
m ;i dktuioa of 07,000 yards innn Babel, ami N,OOG •
I the /i Mitli of the Diyala Kiver, neat wittofa IJXN Hr.
BJMrlioaoOQ places Opi», and to which I shall allude furthci on.
Tin* Greeks, after i iroa -lavs' marob, pu*aed the wall
Media. The position of this wall has * >* ■<_■ * ■ much ditr-uued.
the discoveries of Captain Lynch and l»r. Horn it va«
• 'nl thai the ruiun of the Mcdma wall could be traeed
.1 'kk« friMM tin- Ti-_*ra al latitude :;r 81 n„ in i
eottth'.-i-ui.i weal rly direction t«/ the Eophrstasi Gomna u
-i < »: i« -. who axazoinod (he spot inlf&Q, says of it,"fitt£bei in
mstroetion oi mtant will it to uny war anewar the descrip-
Boon of the ancienl writers" (Bomba] Qoveratna&l Kecorda,
No. XLIIL, p. 268). Mr. Gkofc quoting this, says, MFron
i!,.- important eommuniriiti.in it i.-: ■.nil - ( iiut Uu ; n<>
•'\nN-nrc now tvinniniii'.* for determining what wax the hue or
position of the nail of 31 din, which lis I bean mppooad to bo
■ '1'tiun. poaittToly established, actTing as promises from wh w •
to dodu< i i'i |i'.-.'ii .M- mentioned bj Xenophon" (vol. ix.
1). A line drawn from Tel Kansas b to the rains of
Doir would oxactl) touch the rah of a nil now called Hubl-
ee-Sukbr, or line of stones or bricka The ruins of this vail
nuiy 1h- now traced for about 10 J mibn ad an abool ti East
above Iho 1<\<1 of the amL It ma imgahuiy built; thi
side running e.s.s. Em ■".' tuils -^ i l thru tum> t» 1 li»-
n.n.k. - = j i i 1 ■ -■-=_ then flail 1$ inila, turning down :■.•>.- foi
another iii;l • and a half An extanam swamp to Lhi north-
ward ii ,- dona much towards reducing this wall. The two
CftnftTan rail .il l\ li.n: ■ -a 7.n<\ art aU> in a ^r< it iin-ii- u n '■
of brickfl Drom it, and ii ha*t d'.nihtletM supplied raateriaJt
many othi ; rabla quantity "i
brtnmen koaUc '1 about, and it wai probably mad i oi bi
n4 in bitumen. I oan see notbisp in XcnopUiin whjidi would
ibon that A ■ no I bo wall the t»i'- 1<- pi <■ I. i " «hat In-
I'-tiL'th v, .■: riu \> i\ v. 'rii mi toldlllm. I thiak that
this must be the rain of thi wall called thai oi ttedk which
Xenopboa dcacriboa; bul I oiantioo this auppoMition with tnncb
: , ii nd kir the beaefil of the i b VU rabk than myself
170 Bewshfu on Part of Mesopotamia eontairxd kfiewn
to judge of Its lining •••■rrwf. Thn diMsm.v I'n.m ihr northern
J K Hilt ol' till* Willi, .1 II.. '■ .< ■ II ■:..!! ti.< ■ ||.-Hlli|H:l.-Iit, Tin- lit Ik-.
allowing (bar a ddtoor, ahonl 82 milea. Win tfiar this waa don
in 1 1 1 ro* or fotU dajFB* mai'cliiii"' Im- U-. ii ili^.ntnd, lull I dfl
not think ili.it i ii : • i of iniu li importesco either why.
i?»Atfx thexoe t li« ■> made, in ewe daw" mard , s |>amaanga,
:d two canals, one upon a briflup and the •■•
rntDOUL" 93mm two riinaU might hftvo been (La Nalur
AI i)!;a. ami lit. old cAZml, tin- beil of wlm-li j-. now atll''<l Hubl-
B l-I'i.i.l
iliih.
This liiiti i] KH ■ ■ i i: i . i-MlitiliU/itii.ili of ill
tfalk as • ■! n un ban the Tfgrfa.
Allowing the 8 MEBaati^M tu i< "J I uiiltw, ami thai (lie Greeks
,.i,>--.-<i tin* wmnd canal at the and ••! thewu niarchfza, tlwtj
would have dona ho at a poinl marly lii miles eoiith <h
( i< -ijiliu; ilv l."i miles from Deir, which I Iiryi- a!
said .'''in., to mark ilr. i-.iu im.ani SitlakL Xenophon, arta
stating Miti iiic'. en- .i then ''.niiil-. ears, * thence tbej canu
to the nvrr Tigris, nrur whirh st<»oi| a !•. uloVU rity
colled Sitae* . <tt the diatanec of 15 stadia <i;. mih | rnun tU
river" (*$pelman'i Kenophon,1 & Mi. It seem* > i<> dm that
aiiotli.-r ihiyV march > * -n Ui In- iilhnvod from the COOaJ • Toaecd
by a pontoon bridge. The Inland on winch Xenophon
Sitai-i- -t«. i.| uoiil.; ,.;v b*x*n formed by the Tigris €n
tin old itreaxn now called HahlH*d-])ih<'hh> o on tin «»iiirr.
,ok1. . Uo hniurh OftDelft Alter < 'rowing the Tigris.
ili« i»nrkh iiiau'lnij "<■ ■ In font dm to tm- rmi
Phyeoot, on which sr. .. * i the hvaji town called Opia. Hh
peealiiiii vi thiB Hpol Un* nut Im-i-ii determined Mr.
Kawlin-oii. in hit Sftftp ( " I Mummying vol. i. of hi-
Mfl&aiehiei ), pnta it on the DiveUh, vlm-h in- <njipix«oa wa*
tin I'livsrii-,. ami jiUjuI 3 inihs I'miu theTigri& I beanej ha
pleeod it S7 milei to the nofthwaid of Bap^*i»,!< ,-^,>-- •'• ""•
of tlir Inad.s of tin- Nalir»iui I'Jinal. Oapttthl F.vnch. trf lln-
Imiiun Xavj, hail pvevioiuly lappoaad it t»i be '.'ii tliM tame
aide of tin ugria (taj bu1 abocri 18 ndea move to lb
raatamid (Hap No. VU. <rf the ' Expedition to the Bnphi
and I i.-ii ). Mr. droto h«e given Opis the aani<
Oheene] apamnanttj Qnep in roL ix.). Oomnuuuler Jon
n paper Bent in b I nmenl En 1861. uruioancffl the db-
eorerv ol the ait of the a m ol I tnia, which he Buppoaes re
Laantlv to !«• marked by the rain* ^t a piece c
Mttajtoj aoonj 88 teograplucal milea north of EfciRndad (Bom-
baj Gorurnment i So, NI.1II., p. 215). I have men-
tioned where Mr. BewliajOQ placee Dpw, Imt I an one
what niin* he suppoaes mark the sit.-. Whether I an eorred
in any of tlu- »upj)Wiitioin l hare mentioned or not, I th
$}itTiat'd-Beytliat on the Tv/rit, and 7<7 Ibrahmi. 171
am justified in saying thai nothing bat ;i hej I -nrveyof
ooutry to the northward wul oror Ik- of any 1190 in de-
termiuiii^ vrhi the) thi positions m prennl sorianod bo uxj od
the& pis rr.M'i. Tin - tiiuINt will not, 1 imagine, bo
eoasidi 1 i di ■ id d .1- lea - aa H is uncertain vAat oridonoo may
be obtftiii'"-l bom tin- oountCT to tb.< north Baghdad,
i m ni\. , i In .1 1 -..ii.il 1 rip ii torn lb i mutiny
imp- Ens mjghi be reij ttitly ■•■.•■rlooked; and It j*
notorious bow little Oka ttatomonts of tho Arabs con l>< tnwted,
whan Irum laziness or Ami* of other babes they wist to avoid
aoourins tlio country. <_'<>mmander Jonos seotna to have found
this to bftvo boon the 1 i W h D he was examining the embank-
ment Hi|i|H>tK'd to have K in ih.. M Ii in wall.
RfB bh o half niilt g to iln- ■ .t>t ^>urii-c*»fltward of Kunceseli
lire ill.- remain* of wlml appears tO h»TO boan ■ hotlM OS fort,
ronoondod byt ranapan. Astnati hill of |»i.i.|. iM: \„ , :j
gj of tD Until it with, Tin- \v:ilU 01 ijiinjuirls :il»-
about IS fool high, and luiv.- others projecting from i
Tin* main aa raroonnfl tho bafldiag or ruin, tin- nrholrQ
oororing nboul k iqaun mil*- of ground. I.< 1 mil* t.
. r similar rata, but wnftUtn Xhoy an-
both kiPi\Mi i>y iii' . WBJA iw tho diminutive of
I )oik, Q i-i-.-!< .
There an two vet) high mounds to tin's neighbourhood,
both called Akr or Aknr. Akr 1 Lj b * in li iuilo oast of
• mtMj impoaing-lookin) 1 louno. It i> ba3l
of kiln-burnt brick*, mid i« 7-i feet lu-li. by fur ill- hightat in
tin- area comprised by my map. it does) nol eon
ground, being 220 yards Low 'l'U« ■ other Akr, which is di**-
tmgttj -ii. 1] From its nami - tk bj bli nronl tUn-rbi or tb< \s> M.
ib in the oorth-woet angle i d ' i lie map, and ••' Little north of wem,
.: !> mi. from AJcr-cl-Ajcdefi, This zaouid ■ built ol
-Mi-ilrird bricks. ; 1 1 : • 1 i* DOt •") lar^'c ftfl UOQ ot!n 1 oiir.
'I'llr lii<-ini'l ..f Kun.-osoli 1- :ib«>Ut 0110 mile i>- I'li-'ii.
about 9 hifflu It is separated braobaen] into two part>i
and wiili t ' -us noil culled in Arabic St
bxdeodg ri. o nntzf dow to the Kmthvatd ie as white with
ii it baa bfton GOTtrod vrith el thick fid] ofanow.
The noxt old ble oanal t<> xhr> aonthwaid )- one which
i« univi'ts. owod to oorraopaod »itli Una (Tahi Mulkn,
Banleioa-P I 1 u\ ginin of tl" tuudonf 0 '
ami hiitoriaafti The BotkwaBi jah» a oanal boti ud b -
* Tiiere ar* many mpanirp? in Frcytng'* dictionary «orr*«poi*dii>>r (« * ■OOfld
or ptltBi of Lrtp, Bpfilicaibla t.» <-iih*r Akr or ^I*.d»h. The K nn.l th< J b
tiTcluwijjcablr i.iliougli not correctly) thit laiivr vord may be pronounced
Ajdtb.
172 Bewbheu en Part of Metiyotamia contained brttcm
bm v.; J naonthfl • <'' older dato, htu booooul ppa
foro jMi i of it* conn* in tb bod of the Nahr Malka. Awit
vfajoh i- annaed, now reaches an nM vilUgp f.tllpd
lbT&him-oI'Khalccl, beyond which the Ruthwimivi
ni'viT to h;i\c extended. Thin village baa soon '-built
houses in it, wit it .m upper story to tlio rooms, The tomb Of
Ibrahim- •l-Kliiilf-l bi Hon in ruins. The An l« mm this vil
U;i- -lull b\ ;i ['jn-hil t-1 |l;l^|nl)»d, foT ft faTOUritl I
was in onatonco m the begumioc of the cent ry« '* ti 20
milr; ROUth»weat ,, Baghdad; 1* J- in ilea Id the i-ast-aouth-
lOther old tomb in ruin.-- called Mn-il.ii Sa
. lliniliini-cl-KlLilrrl. ihe Nuhr Mitlkn. which \t* now dill I
ih. J leas a direction of eouth-oa-t by eaat
umii) i w i^t -, and ii Bug Miiuson its banks. Foil
troam, .. to a- i | eurioua ruin called Abu JIubba,
which bean Bouth-aontii-woet from Ba :bdad dial ' i'U mil«*.
B ■■ (hi in bfflxreotoe one branch tin- ii;
on towards Ctceiphon, and the other, which i
Ti..b, 'i nil, i; \i in..- i limn- miiiiIii :ly ruiiiw.
A'u Subba [tooll constats of n maae of ruin* ol b
I'll hij heal part, which is 50 feet high, is of
and is 'in the south-weal tidi ol thi boil
Thi.-< ruin i« Bozroundcd on throe aides bv a rawparl tall, a
ihape ' recta with openinci everj I there. Thu
■ hL-li in nhi^-a. The buildinginait.it i' ikirl <l i
s«uiili.\M vt liu'c bj Iho branch canal from th** Nahr XI 9
it est 11 it touches the nori h-eaat £a
roctangla fa length u ISO0 Tarda, and breadth 900 yards.
Doit thou rain ■ ■!•■•■■■ to northward of the N'ahr Mnika, Si
.■MiiK'tliin:: Minilur in hliiipf to Abu HubUj, and in lit! ut from
ho latter throe mfloi to the north-eastward, Th
Doirara, if anrthing, hiffhar than tiioae of Abu rlubba,but in
thane are rooghli a on i Irani <>i •■■ ciroh The i on ti u
oh fUTial; (»r mtn-rirliiiniit ; round both these ruins, 'i'ln v
bare the appear&iiea of fortified camp*, something like il>
ii in the north ol Fraj
Tin Sfu "i- Nulir iMiillcn. lions * -n with very viaip
bends, and rising ofl lanj hlgb-banked irritant elose
to tli. Mi, I On tin "Mill, in bank of die
"lil mi —hi, and diatont 11 mfleo from the Tigris and ]j mile
bona the E£han< an h mounds, now railed
1 1 baa Hint. Then con a surface •»:
the '|i'u>itty of turut dato-wood t-» be aeon amongst the d&rii
in places where thei hem beea opened for bricks, they appear
to oe ruin* of huiMi I by fin*.
In a hi; lii oi il e Sahc lEolka, and 1J mile to the eaeto
Shcriat-tl-Betitha, on the Tigris, ami ft] llxihim. 178
of lIih principal GhactsUIat mound, ■ ft T.-l, *.r rain, called
Ifoneytei ; tin:- word is probably takes bom tho root Efattcx of
ih«! rarb to natch, forming ite nonu of place Ifantur, and
i aw Sluneyter. Thw mound. ■ not large, it wo
of not<v, for it i* covered in great profusion with iron slag, and
cropping aboi of what appear '" biro
■in- iron. They am erf based cfa;
bricks, circular En forai 7^8 ri liametea Gron S Co 10
li» I. Branch ciitmLi li'tii the Nuhr JMntlcn. appear to hav
intn nchi d this bnQdin •
JLoOtfai . , two Eailej to th. M.uthward, .Ichi-
l I n «iu tin- mod SoklUj a f*tonr), ha
• v |irti:'iivi(.n of iron wfti D its -ni n j;- aafgb-
Not knowing tin Baton ><i thu debris, I pv
prismatic compose on u amaD heap of it to take & Ki4*:u1ii'r
i».-:irin^ And was surprisod to find tuo needle deflected KM
From Mnncytor tho Nahr Malka is called Hubl-oe-Sook, ami
flow> on with various twust* in a eouth-cuMciU romsc to the
rivet, CloW tO which iu butiku U« mtv high ; 'hi-; pari of it
rZ appar» ntly l>< <-u frequently d< • \» :n-il. At the di
of ti in*- niii ; ill;- iivn d. with high hnnta bas left
tin- Kahx Malta, going t" the on tonud, having Apparently
joined ilu- Ti:;ii- »1 ■■■.(■ Si-h'tiria. Another, one mite to the
R'ord ill' II.. tv<»i with 0 northerly ■
tht! rivi'i-. At ih': point Tfhero these ems
banks rover} high, The Lnbs coil these places Shibbif,
which may bo ii corruption of Shcbak, a not, G I thi
Uj a net-work of canals at those plaees, nio«tof them only
: a abort distance, Ono of these two canals, extending
ekm t < t (ha Pigrw, might correspond srith that col hy Trajan,
un<l re ;• u 1 by Julian to tako their botiu *nt«* the ]
above 1 ''' -;| i on.
Tkm aw wry extensive rains ull about tUa spot marking
the ancient si leoda, After thi dec&denci of Babylon,
and th dpnth of Alexander tin '■ it, Seloueia ivasfbundod by
SoloUCUS Nicutor, about MtKJ iu ., and hi-. am'* the -.ijutui ..I
Babylonia. \ most interesting aooonnt is ^iven 1»\ »iihhi»n
-.1 the ri o and (all of Seloucia on«saooa
chi . i of Dabylonia. Whan the latlo city horarafl a poweN
ful Partntaa town, Selenoia declined in power. It wa« tucked
and bmscd by the QesonJi of Marcus a-d. 165, and ni ret
reooi i' i the blow (Gibbon, [>. 7*). Tnlan had pi I
u (a.d. 1Q7), but it had been restored by
Hadrian to tin- P&nhiana, In IDs the Km|MTor Sts-cms
attempted Q» onptnm The Emperor Valerian was token.
174 low smut mi Part of McsupoUtmia OMttAud ■Vfnvwi
prfeonor, and tortured La death al Cteaiphou. It vm* ai ihi*
time that Odenatus, Prince of Palmyra, and husband of
celebrated Zcnobia, attempted lis r»-« u«-. hut Supoor, alth
defeated En the fteld, managed to hold the oftr. The R
ror Coras captured both Beleucia and Ct '-siphon in a*d.
but being killed bj lightning llu* Roman* v:v (romp-elled
9 i * tiro. Ln a.d. 86% Julian, after capturing Ferieabor ami
U flgrfl Mnlka, ii)s«» 1iinl lit t.il.i I 'i.-.ijdMMi, loit railed, l'i -ritalior
vnut a corruption of ForoosE Sehoor, a city which we* alio called
Anlmr. The liiiiis ai • still known bj ilii* Utter name* and are
about two b tflo north of F.-Itiji:i. Though not in my wo
rode over to toe the nana of a town once ho c< lebrateo. Chce-
ney rappoiea that r mound marked Tel AkW marks
:at**, lint lu BGOBU I" buvo lu-rn to tin- vry \>>\. and
'1 Hue name ; (or a mound marked Mi diua-i to En In*
Map No. 7. -ivm. tM bo meant for Aniur, or t iipy about
tii« position. The -ah of Mmi;ra 3Iii1K.i. t li.i- w;w all- nvnrd*
takes by Julian, wm 11 miles from Cteriphoa Gibbon <av*,
"llir <:tv 0] i.itli-r (OrtreM Of Ifoaj-i Villi; i. w hi !
d l iv afarteen large towera, a deep ditch, and two stnmg
and solid wull-i, appeals to bavo boon constructed at the
<liMtjt.iii -. ■ of 11 miles us llu* Mifiwuard of thr- capital of 1'- i
I do not 1< *i ■•'■•. whether the position of this oity or fbrtxeai has
been in any way detoanined< but, perhaps i ithci the ruij
"illo.1 Shai-du'l-jir or the Uhuxi-lliat mound* in i-.. lit D nktbe
-it<. Bbnisbebar, which ia 11 mil - from S leucia, might nuuk
l'i-' spot It is a niin of a square tower 'milt of -on
bticki, in »hapn ami appearand It lec; Akr Kuf, only mu< h
Smaller. Tl la on un tiki ritual, iiml lia» \nv iiimiin moiin
about it, and du'hris of building coyer the soil for niilea, I
hi n do idee what (be moaning of the word i*. I hnr<
I am sorry to Bay, a copy of A mini anus Mareollinua, but I um
tli.it Qiboon Baya after tlic capture of Mooga Malka it was so
destroyed thai noi n v*tig.; wus left t<
liml .v. ;• i.-.\iMcd.
In )!n reign of Choanal Nnnnirwnn, from .":;i to 579, the
EarthJan Empire bcniinr o powerful i li.it ' ribbon my* of t bit
king — H rictonanj and reepee&d among tho Princ** ofAaia,he
gave aiidn iii*i> nt bil polo )' Modain or Ctoiiphoo to th*
ambaeaadon ■»!' t i i* - world. Their gift* or tribal
gnrmmts, gems, sluvew, or aromatic* wero humbly
toe E ui ' — (p. 698). It. is -the nun oiibu palaoo
which i- now to be seen, and which is still called Tali K>
arch of tin- king.
Ax llu' ruin DOW ^l.indi, it roimisU of il nni;:niliri-nt arch.
86 foot Ugh from tho OJkdor part of the ^rouiidj and 82
Shfriat*l-Pcyt}iat on the Tigris, and Tel Ibrahim. 175
at tli ' foot Pros] HA arefa i v&ultod roan 168
i-rl lii tin- reftr. Tin- r< h »t* of tliix lit- j iirlialh t';i I. i In, n<j
'.■inliMi.ii -iv: th. pliUX WAI -m:ii-L: l.\ I iglil uiiv in llx-- yi-ar of
thePfw[»lirt"s I'ii-tli. Tin ■ building fan • tit. Winter -mmi:*-. Ot
eaatamth-eoei faun uiiii-ii direction it hui mod im]
appearance. The front walli of the two wi*g9 i
standing, i in rooms liaving fallen in. In the centre of t in • and)
aiC marRfl Of thoiUOIldfl <>!' hull* t - tin it, n-jMirt :■.! v , \wrv tirod at
i huge ring which supported the cnrtAln *>f iln* audienots
<>■■■, i hie ring baa, doubtlessi i >< il i the cupidity of the
Arabs durii g n.nm r iitun.-. .up l defied il] attempts to rea&oro
it till '/'tnpowder pal a mora 6rmidabLe ujent into the band*
ij ■ aom ■ i Mr, Bidb was told fcast t l»i-* ring proved
■ of jo! L
i'i ipnon ifl now Lfca only E&rthian or flflftftmiifln ruin in this
part of tin world not converted by time end docaj into a heap
ol rubbiah. It was finally conquered by the Malmim
after the death i f th< Prophet. Of Die t«<> citi* * »»f Sri* m-ia
and CU'*iphon or ol Moaiftn there eie '"it ai ni.mv roinfl M
rk their ^l\^<. Of lb . Tel
Onn.-r .uni Sti'luin, tWO mniiinU "I tin ffTOal 'iv... (Tin Connor
was ope&od by Mr. Taylor* aon Eta Hj^jeaty'e Gonra at I
rrHim and Diarbekr.) There are nlao the reniaine of a wall
h ;il'ilt "ii the n\i r. ffhOM it 16 01 ' *.*0 t'-'-t hl^h.
! >Mt- hiiill of Miirdnnl liicls-, ,iiiil BppOan tO have mii-
rounded tho mound of ISirhon. It continues (nth i direo-
turnon the e&etern bank of the Tigris, audi if we did not know
In- riven lepamtod lha it now does their
rui&N 0DC would U ji|>( \>> think tiiat it formerly Bowod to tho
tward <• ' tJifl latter rity. T IW I haur
which has doiibtl u swallowed np man of the rum:; ol Soli
. i Ion iinuiHil- and ridges of brinks and lime oan be trecod ail
i:. Bound about Tab K.-i »iiii< low ruin* of
buildings and a few nzull mouada. A oai to have
p:i--.il .-I... tn tin- westward i.: Qifl j ml ace, and was probably
from the Nohrwon. To th i I tlao . "
rams of a w;ill Minilnr to thai on tbfl OppOttttfl si'li*. Thii -
an ore of a oir<r , both endfl abutting 00 thl riVOR Wtb ruins of
bouUiDra endow*! A mih and a half to tae oait*footl^
•*n8twura i» anothor wall, called by the Arab* Soor-il-l
Mrdi-ii kv.ili. ii luni:- ;i ij^lit ;iu^'h. with both each on the
river. Chew are two old tombi oeu 1 It B ira,one railed
Sulman Pak and tin- Othtt Ebdftetha OT Hndaffiu Thoy ore
both Rurooaod to have been contemporaries of the Propbetj the
r 1^ |t.>[iuliirl\ bdicvod t" imM bees hie berMTi Tho
towing I'ust the ruins of Mbdain, oontinuea to tfae
17G Hi. ;i..: on Pari tf Wewpotamia twtfauud tamm
aonthmud Eat about iivt B&ilets and tln-ii tunw idiurpIjF t"
tin northward bi about too Hum rlisi ru . formis
Iwcnliar in-Ill. Exnctlj in n Liu with tin- dinM-tion of id.
[ubL-es-Book or NaLr Mulk;i, and on th • opposite aide ol
bight aie the traosi 'I or navigable stream, wi
DATO pH -viot:sly m> lit i- Q] d . I ■ II- >1 llul>I-t:d-l ►tin- hl.rk 'I li
iitc marks in u< l't< -iplion l>i-li* wbich \wuuM *lmw ii.
; 'in. i s i'i-- tin- bottom of tho bight vrw to the northward of a
line drawn actual i lug ill" two streams. I cannot
lIlinK.liL' 'li;.f tin- Hi|li|-ril-] Jt II' 'Mvl» ».'i'- :i '"'it l n Hit Ion .-I th"
Nulir MiilKii. I jtin lwi ■ tlut almual ..II the .mi j. Mt i
ritiee (Plmy. Aim im'h in, and Polybiiia) agree in sta
tin- Hahxmalka fell inio the Tigris at 6oleucia, but Ptolemj
I baUore, ftftyi it loll into tliat river ftomi distance baloi
& I- licia.
It w •nlil certainly bftvo 1**^-ti of onorrnouu ndva o th
country to tin? nOOthwaffd "t Bokncifl it lli'' i f th.-
1!m|'Iii:i-i-. brought down bi the Nahr ftfalka»had been
d ' v.-t it. It in troo that tlii* might bare been don
imgaataj •t.ll barring water enough to form .1 navigable «;uul
to Xigne at Soleacia. That tho Nuhr Malta
Httbl-ed-Dthchhcb uppcar lo lutw been on< stream, fl
die map a ill show.
Aluil l-'i , tin.- -i M'.lek was tho nest canal to th*
loathvard of tho cVnor. Yakut! inm it is liryrmd tin* Nuhr
Ar.'.vit, .in.l wat« i-<1 :i»>0 villngea, and" that it was dug by
iimhi, tin- .von of David» acriM'diuL' to some, ami \>\
tin- Grcul iu'(*ordinp; to otln-iv. The branch that Li
Ywaffiyi it. a1 Abu llubba, again biiurcatea .it a plac
Ave milaa to th.- .-<>u;li-r:i-tw;inl, called K'litishtn-i-'l-hliti ■ '
the \\ • li Nt * ). Then n* ■ m v nil <i . 11 1 ■
radiating in oUfferenl din otious, and extensive ruins li. scattered
■il»(»ut. Tin tivjiii. :it 1 1 i 1 - |n»iiiT. must liuv lud-ii
deepened* aa Qm canab ha_Y,e wry high banks. Our ol
bra 1 l ■ - ])&£8« olOBO to tho ruin called Shniflhcbar, w
1 hare prmoualy mantianed Prom Khu*hm-ed-Dthecb th
othn branoh goea to tha aouth, turning after IJnuIi « in..- east,
II v asaumiii'.' tin appearance of on irripiting canaL
i low to tho lonthwardj and pawing within 1 fcw hundred yanb
"i tliu iaatatroamj tin bed of another old narigabl
Anha 1 all (lis A I >n Dibbja. Ii leaves the river 34 mil
BftbeJ^and floWl don U> the norlhwanl of n rnl'/i' "I peUJy
iiHi;, ii 1- -,. iv iixli-iiiict in places, the ground i
<'!!<• lime been u Mvaiup, Nuiiioroiu hi^li baiikrd cnimls soOlDOl
to lmvr ioiafld thtin two atrcanoa, taxing the water of
northern into the aooihem our, after its own mouth had Ih^odic
1
.Shcnat-el-Beytfiaf on the Tir/rirt and Tel lbrah. 177
■■I Op or nnttxil. Tin's- wj)„i is alfO Called K l»i islnii -• M I-
iMluvb, ami the old canaU form a nrrftrt network* and CtOSfl
ono another in rooh ooolufan that it i< with tbv greeted
difficulty that the pim-nt llmiD ''iii bo tnu'o'l. if. winds
ea siderably, and has ruins do its banks | rodaod, vara ft i a
:ii i ^t l>7W on it* brinks am! thi* abrupt ■ inline of tli" high-
id ;in";inK il vmll. in ii!;.< ■ -. bfl :n powdblfi I « L.iff it.
Xhu stream must have tai&n nearly nil the water of th<
Euphretc (lefl by the Nahi Malke), if it mi noi that rirer
itaelf. From the paucity of ruin* on tin Bnphratei >•» tin
roathwaid of tha Ai.u Dibbu,sad from the immi dm omnboz <>n
itream, il would appear ilni 9m old Euphrates h ^^ ■ ■< I t"
netward of the pebbly ridge, wtriohexten! i ■"■ null • >>uth-
• Mst inn! nortli-ui'nt. Than is .1 narrow gap between 'Itn rid ••■
in- i.ii tii. dpji ■-!' .-pi- of tha nreeenl Eophraten, between
i that rirer flows. A canal niLrbt haw been oo1 tbroogh
this- gap, which gradually enlarged till it took tha whole of fine
rn i- What w<.niM «'cin to make th)B proHiblr, i too t. .-t
tha old sIi-mmi, which Bowed to the aaatamrd of this ridge,
ipp in i i ban joined flic ptceeni eomaa <»i the Euphrates
aboi h Babel.
Ihc old i»(,'i of tli" rtn am I an now daaoribing Bowi does to
thr wi Award of Khaa Kr Bonne, goes on with many twiata
an*l ruins pacing olo#e to 1 1 <•- Ifjwwa, where
it I -itiji ti -. rii- woftan branch goes down towexda Babel*
and tin' eastern, called Hnbl [fatahun (hnbl— « line), pasaee
clow to the westward of the bnme moun<t palled JVl Ibrahim.
This Borans to correspond with too Nahx rXathiyeh "i Abul
Feda, wIuoIl he :<v-.. I. ii the Euphrates below the el Melek,
and that it divided into two branches, one going brio ■< w
country, and the other catering lb ■ H ■*: be el Melefe
western branch is called byChcaaeyed Dhiyaht but though
leaked many Irabs by what oazne it mm known to flutm thai
one and nil said that it wot generally called el Mutn, which
meant* a lianl nr raiwil roadway,
I may bow remark thai there are sovoroJ names in Chesaeya
Map not I • be met with now. Notably, the mounds of tts
l. aaar which he suppoaea the buttle <»t' Knnnxa t<» have
Li ii fought t.Map \n. \ ill i, .i!m. the nonndi he eollfl Ajhik-
u:i-M to tnllee below Modain (vol. i. p. fttf), namea
which I did noi bear from ttn Arabs.
The Mntn, which in aim eallerl eVRhoorfor tha bhanne
tho spot whan it Leaves tha Hubl-lbrahim, jjooe on, with
■ auras twist* or I \m !- Babel, oear which it leenM to
rejota iii Enphiatca. Pom nil bom the (brit,and on the
vol. xsxvir. &
178 ItBVTRTlER on Pari of Mc$opotamia contained Ixthcun
mbankoftb tailed Towaibeli. Tl
ir ■ «■ .:l '. "I Hie niina of Kntha in rh.--n.-y*;. Map.
Tbwalbeh ianotan unoon mou name far ruin* built of win-
dried bricks. Heword iteeh .-.1 l»<li -< . .m Arabic drrnin
of lli« Tarkkb word Fnbenhj oi a f>'H
\kr-«'l-'.*ll. ll.i. Sln-i-li. ■)..!. r..;v;:iK.-li OD ihfi tf Uttl, and B
ruin, also called T< . 12j u ilea to tli" n.»nii-u-.-i of it..
ak< lavi ■' I u km characteristic*, and an the only
ruins i-i the kind in this map, The} tiavi all a centra]
umn of mnxlriad bricks; Kith layers oi n-<-d. h
layers of briob. Th ovonnded by rains of kiin-baked
bncka, And lhn<-. and bitumen. Canals m strrum* Imvo oaased
i" lli.lii. 'I In Din tin.' id :')!.■ :it<-L-
towcr?, in tin oft
Toroubebis doseto tin eastward of the mud l.civ, hdad
and Hillah, and WOUl I iln!;-- tin- --w of any our poking.
'mi quite four -n'Ii'% iVom Khan Eburwa On the ruins to
north-westward Of tin .■<■■■. t are two round UnoUs, which exn
bare the Appearance of a porch "i entrance (-• Ihe building.
Than are very extensive bnt low ruins all about Towail
Prom bom to the southern limit of the map. the Mutn h« a
great number of ruins on its bunk*. The plain to the eastward
is covered for miles winn dfbrie of glo^, pottery, glased and
snglaaed, In iuoh wonderful proftuuon, that tumevi
to the sight of niiu-s 000 niuiiol but feel ai at For
miles a bone cannot lake a ftup without treading on glower
glased pottery, made with a *fcill that b now eotnnlotely lost
oven to Uie workm*Mi of iln- raint^l of Tw . Ii \ aUu-
Xhs otb stream Bows on (the present tcnee
is only used for hr.-vity"'. on fritfc emu rer j large ruins on its
banksj till it reaches T.-l Ibrahim, which mound, as I I
already said, h the Kntha of Mr. Bawliuson. After ruseing
T» 1 [bzahim,fhe Dubl eeennv b] Ueal nan1 OodlmgwoodBnuv^
to huv- yiiu d l, Mid Li iia\- :":.!h-n
SIiat-i'Mlyr, .i ir. in- h stream Eroza the Tigris.
The mound of Tel Ibrahim is 17J miles to the north-eastward
of Babel; it is by forth I mound partofMoen-
It)l;iiMt:i is HHIO yards in length, and about u'O feel higli.
< I" to tho south-weatviv I i a smaller mound, on which is a
■ ii which the I WO mound* and the old
their names. In place* who hyenas haw nado holes, and hi
place* where rain has formed channels in rU sidoa, the walls of
the luildii .;]iu-,.i. Tint suifiuse fis covered with more
than the usual amount of dibrfa of jlaasi pottery, and trail-
material, and on one occasion, when I was riding acme with
S/un' ;?-<(- Ihytha, OR the Tii/ris, ami T« Ibrahim. 179
I ionol Ki mbeU, wo Eonnd nw full of dibrii of bona and
B atha, Bccurdin j to Mr. Bawllj i I tati i hi he
spells it), wu pe aliariy dedicated (•• Noma! i c Mara
f- Alien nl Mi-:: Vol. i. |i Si'|ij»:i:;,. «ii tt<|i|tai'«
-vsim, was, neeordiui* to Mr. K^aIm.. «. distant 20 m5hl Ly u
■ lii-it route iVditi Uufiyloii, ir Murseyb, Tlure are no
ndni i i Imp irtaaee on ii 0 prevent Euphrates in tlii- n
hood, ^ln-rooa tbeold etPMiN. nan called El .Mum. ii lined with
ruins. Is it mn possible* ilmt Triwaiiii-I) (ili«' eastern 111 i night
mail tin re eu oi £ ppaxa or Scpharraim ?
Thai (1m Euphrates north u Babylon did not floa in one
jetriwn :i. ii now i not only fcneWD from the am-h-m
miteni bud 1 -". from mora modi m I
and rl»- truth of their statement i- 1 b n at by the a|<
of the country nl tin present day. Ht-rodotussays, tlmt Nitocris,
Queen 0 Babylon, -hannals shore t I1.1t dty, made
the river so winding that in fa course it touches three ti
el one mi 1] 1 1 1< mma Tillage Jn A 1 TranslMtian,
p, 90). The Seal of tfexandes the Great vest Hot a I
in tin* windings of the Euphrates. Even *o late .1- the time of
Thertmot, 200 \- the broad Euphratm vas toet En
mnunxu ohs ned acro&i the country. R«euirolf, half
a century Inter isyi tin river mi not nsrigaMfl lower dovrn
tli.'.n a place call d 1 onsvaino (Bathwaniych 1 j beyond thin
tlii-i ■«■ vii *> inck* dangermiH for larger boet& u th 1 are no
rooks in thi pari ft potami rabtloes, olludos to tb-a
■ris of buildings thai lined the sides o£ the .-i reams.
He also say- that, by olaannfl away the atoncfl, tl
inigLi lie mads iu\i-..i'.' I'jlj 1 i-^. At Rousvainet 11 nya,
tha goods were landed and carried aeroa* to Ba 1 I whi no
■ I by boat toBoDoh. So also tJ Iks
Buphratss divided itwtlf into so many obennoh thai the pilots
lost their toj i< ntly. There is a ruined khan
c;il:iv::ii-: 1 i. I [l .jiliMII. nl* Mlililll'li. il B tO ihe Iiillll-
ah, whori boat nil Land Lima and Utamaot brought
roa Ihe Baghdad market* but such an indued route Ear
Itasreh is not necessary now. Tin- word Mnkduui ImpU
place '■■ b bOj nr making loot to the shon .
The Ei liasj ffcom ;i" oaturo oi the country, always
been a, which tin- groat irrigating m in
uari of tin- country Iinvr bean derived. Ii* bed is hignsrtnan
that oi Lb 1 id oonflequeutly it- water lm> 1-
lc*l over Mi
Thtsae tha great ohanges thai b retaken place b
the Etii'hrau-a l-u-u in modern tiineis whereni ! ifl baa
N 2
160 BSWUEU 0R Part of Mftopafamia co/ittiiiiril fotafm
appoieiitly but slightly altered it.* coarse. At the prcoeot time
It i- v. it!, great difhVnity tb; I the
Kixphrati*:: /it jiIT. IJbovt H> mile* above it; junction with the
Lfi tilt' river i.s flpnttd DTBT ■ Till Mirfiire of ••uinilrv, and lh<*
chanwl in the low season ie ia places only two t" ■» ' j>. and
not iiion- lh.jii four yanls aCTOSB, Tin
but not an absolute impediment to boat* ascending the river, as
tin y _:.iM riJly take smaller bonta, into which they discharge
llirif r;.p'|| Ut thi* *|M>t. n-shi|>pillg it fbtther "II. WIhmi I
odea tin- Eaphnaoa with Colonel Kemball, in the spring
..J' 1668, out bod hod Frequj Dtlj to ha ilrngsod through tin
mini, sad the rwdi wwe tenoning both sides, although 30 ye*r»
the steamon of OheaDey'a axpedxtion parsed up and down
found from 12 to 18 GmI Of WttOt tl tUl pltO*
A COIIii I; y Small irtltl.iy of Iiioli.-V ffOQld i:"t
i. odor the Kuphntas navigably but would, lv ullowin
banks to br cultivated, odd itsmeoaolf to the roaoureea of the
lie Beaidea ibis. Basrah ironic! become :i health] town
instead of. i haunt oi dangeroui fovor. Utbough the country
compiiwd in our map i| in mott places ;i barren waste, wj
formerly i naive cultivation existed, yet it i ir.-Iy
Utt titivated V. do who haa n<>* .-.«■. n tb country
an idea of the effect that water Las on the soil. Toe il.yrip-
tioni _iv m by Herodotus of the fertility of tho *oil teem but
little axaegaratad.
Tiie Tuiknli OoTfinunent adopts towards the cultivate.
-uii i-l.il ptiliiN. It i-* mil - eh that tin- t.axc* are li
the yM.-iii .if bril* rv nnd peculation Corn "1 uii
of (;..VL-nnu-iit i«'inli i- the™- taxes but a nominal part oi
actv.nl outlay. The promt Pacha of I'm^hdnd (Niinuk Pallia)
il boli rod DOTtt to toko a bribe, and is vcr] to those
j whom eorrnption is proved. Bat this is a moal i
i en.;r, niul i:I inrlltioOOd I'V Tllll.N i'Vi'U with astonishs i
In h count?] whore an honest governor is a curioaiti littli
provement can be looked for in the condition of oitnor
or the poop li-.
Near Baghdad are lar^e fruit garden h vhieh line the i
liauli»; tin- date-trr.-A 1m-ui£ ihe most valuable juirt ■
Cahtvatioo b alao oaaled on along thi course of the rivei
■ :i, ,in | in tin lank- I . m_' mi-: T rl by niJH'IniK- .':i!lr(l chuxdf j
these are of vury primitive construction* Thi water is drawn up
iu leather bucfccts by horses or oxen; by an ingenious oon-
trivam v tin -i ( nij.ty thcmsclvce as soon a» they have arrived at
■i.. popar ho^hl : lb" water is Ihance led over theeoonC
-■*uiull ctunncla. The fields so watered seldom extend more than
$kariat*!*&y(ha, »» tifa Zfyrll, W 7V Ibrahim. 1 -SI
wo mOfli from thp river-bank, Wheal and barley, i» iSdes
tiilllct. mamo, caetor-oil, encumberr:, molona, b.-an:. Bad o
vegetah!< -> ire ohieftj cultivated
a of irrigation bj canal fans the Buphxafoi still
exist*, although but a PAfOdj OB that tarried on by tin- aucu'iit
a ■■iij.i.T-j <»r Hi- -oil rii.-n i-efl reapeetabto-aimd canals
derived from tli<- Euphrates in tin- an n i luhnu by »ur map.
■ are gpnerally lan 1 from the QoTenuaent Lost
! hid -iv. m to and* stand, the income 4 rived boa tbena I
i ami i I in b ■ follown: —
tCrnin.
bn GhuTftiib .. .. .. 'J^oOO^
Unthv.niiyoh
Kftnyb ....... tolOOnipwt.
Nfljmurch 3,04 1
MnhftwoAl IT.KW'
'I i:- amount of gain from thaeo oonnli, ol wall o* tho inoonu
derived b) iiownniinii, in ouBrtant^ fluctuating aJid depends
jr, in the first pl&oa, qd the enterprise and capital of the
farmer*. I'm thai] gain ox km depends npon the amount of
of the river, as well as the contingency of b i light
of locusts, which book Mm « iovcuj whole Bi kfi hi a i« a bouxv.
1 lui ra '■ n the Cacals lull of water in Ihvnil» r. wln-ii tiiin-li
mm CbUsoxi thi mountains! and Q Ik eh comes down early. Bot
the hi n of the Ruphrote .'rally m &fay, and tlmt
oj tin- Tigris in April.
The canals 1 have mentioned arc from 7 to 15 yarde brood ut
tin* month, and from 0 bo 10 Ecal deep m the hlgfa season ; they
ad into the middle of Mesopotamia \ the vatj t is led i
from (bam in bra \A canals till the main stream is oil abaoxbeu*
There i'.iv m.i:i\ lur-. i loimdn .-.<■. it {••!•>•[ abOVl OVC* flie laCO of
iHiitiy which I have not mentioned A largo mound callod
lluhbooH (from thfl weird EUAbiw, a prison), is II., mile*-
doe south from Ctceiplion. Ajealuat, 7 milee buuth of
utot;, nnd tho same distance from Id [braUm; lei
Dthabbo (Hyena), doee to the treatem point of the Jiui i i
Sokhr; Pel LbuShinaeei (a . plant which camalaeati on
th< ELubl Ibrahim end Abu Shicre (hnrl»y . imth M mile* from
Tel Ihralisiu. are all large rain*. Thi principal mounda an
nearly all on old navigable canals; eomo of these ap hate
had (nil ■ haraotea til! they reeobi d u luv ruin, .ml th< nc tli«
water edema to hove been absorbed by uriganta D ifl imp©*
sibl<* at present to jnil^v what breadth these stream a I
the trace* of them ofti i . ny, within a tniln, from 20 to 80 •
1S2
Dewshkr on Part of Mesopotamia.
in width, but b tow inalaneos do they seeni to have exceeded
100 yards.
Thr country is dotted .ill ovit with tomb*, generally called
Imaxu* by tho Ami*. Many ..HIum- , t. mco-m date,
bul little reaped seemeto I"' shown for mang of them bj
Arabs, oi re Eo rains i lome, indeed, an i u]
mi irked In :i heap of bricka and :t oama
'I'll- ■!■■ ■ ii ii rather Iifiuil^iiiiic Sbiah ahrii the
Haj from Bagltdad. It is date to H rnd ia called
\u 1 1.,- !- ■i-\iii-i< i in, or children of Must m. Ii ias two rather
•. green domes. Thoy arc supposed to cover tlu
tbrahin and Mahomed, eons (or grandsons, accordi tg *"
of Music in. who was the nephew of Ah. 'ii in lew and
cousin of the Prouhoi. Another tomb, U> the n »tward, ! \ -
Si th&toi kba-ol-Jaasimot Season, who was the sod
[mama There aro mniiy other tombs that will not ■
n'jttioa
The SBiall scale of rnWri on which (he i opO-
liilvn. precludes the poasihility • <!' gnat di
It, however, sufl cii atly answers the purpose, and a larger scale
would require a longer time. I am aware of the many impel*
focttousii' -I ^^ ~ i i « - 1 1 i hai ■ completed, but still 1 ■ - ■ .
Doaj be of some small use in helping to elucidate works of
d alios, LQca the * Aneaeni Mod li
published) by Mr. Rawlinson, i have had do di Bculties whsf
ever di couti Mi! against in doing Ibis part of the muti \. kbvbv
■: >, ii. eliciting truthful snawurs t<> i im]
the Arabs \v l«« ■ are always too read) to nay what thej Ihinli
will be agreeable*
I cannot close this paper without offering mv K-i tli
Ooloni l K- mball, iho Political Lgenl i f Baghdad, who
ready to place; Ms knowledge of toe i ountry atthodisposttkttof
met
liagh'fatlt 14 My, ISM.
IX.— Description of Diarhrkr. By It. J. GABDHff, I>q., rjUfJ,
.' .v/, April 8,1*67.
Tmc town of Diarbekr i- built upon die right bank of the
Tigris, which rises high and precipitously above the river. It is
surrounded bj nails de&ndod by tower*, w>mr of ivhieh are
semi-circular. Tbov are of various n» i and
t& Stun .iv ornamented with sculptured designs
of lion*, suns, fto, in hjgh relief; likewise with Arabic or
OA!ti>K\'s Drseriptitm of Dim-Mr.
in*<Ti| ti-.ns. in \. n large characters, alfO to D lia£ Many
mi' th ■■■ i i. in nut. ii won) by liiiK". but the b
tho natives is a sad (undraw in^ tic ia copied. Ai
■''//;/) rniN :tlt rninwl tlir onNii'.c mI the wall- ; lli. n
a lov. id a ditch beyond, whan the nature of the gi
■Dom of it, On the out, on rivm aidj the nUi in low i than
elflewli'i-. bene.: built upon the odgo of a somewhat proeapftoui
of rode; t£ Ihei of which tthei bean -carped to
Me their >tn*ngtlL Tho walls are in :i much bott«i
ciitiou in some parte than la other* la many places, bow
begin t i boot -i '.• ry dilapidated appearance and will in -•'
fen peari either fall down ox require - At
many pointa repaira have already boo nade^ vhicK mo ■■• rj
dy >ocn, especially oo tho river -i-l ■■, when tho mdeclymg
rock has onunblod away, bringing duwu a portion *>C the
masonry. On lin1 inuei -ide these walls are in a ruinous Bl
That the wails ud towon have been crn:t.il at dill'-:- ir j- :■;■■■!■
is apparent bom 1 1 «* - Iragmentaof old buildings built into them
at localities, and especially parte of the shaft* of columns, the
ejraular ends of which are la be seen id Borera] plan*.* Out?
semicircular tower on the north side is almost entirely con-
structed of theeo latter remains; tho block volcanic stono of
which ili.-ja? column* urc made l.-.ninc u utruug contrast with the
other and lighter coloured materials. Between tin towers aw
i:imII (]• ones, which, besides .u-liiiLT ' - ile-'ew.--
eerred also att hull; . a h wall.--. Ib&yofthe
hi of grout Miiti<iuity, an ei i be aaen bj I ie n
appearance of tho outer facing of tin :t »n- & which thoy arc
bmlt Some of these bad farmedj ai at their b.
to in in. i icir strength; theso buttresses extended five or six
feet on the outer lidc, and *lopcd ofT to a height of from three
uj t i \ . - bet above the ground. There m n ;Jso small po-i
etdifibrari po . the wall::, which an now all built up.
Whottvn iln re is ji nreorplea or iojnn% ground mi tho oul
tho walls a., lower than in other places where they an built
upon the plain. A broad straoi run* all mund tin1 u»wu between
the wall* and the houses. This, I presume, was i preoaiLtioQ
adopted to facilitate the movement* of bodies of troops, and
prevent the oocujmnN nf the hornet* committing tr<
Dndorocning tho walls.
• BfifcdduuUb (QuMfi'tii'.v, ' lli»luin- ill- Itanliid cl tliu,' Paru. loUC, VOl. I.,
S331 §tft\ vlio VlUtcd ii ia USO.mji: " Ainidn lny Ob a BOD
*A ft*rt htgb, on tb* w*«t hank ol ind^uiU- eomnifcmuiif; Iln- lb
The blttfk WflH*. of mill-o'lom*, with which it m *n n-.un. ,-l.ul d .. ■.
in die wurlil. En Irn>. ( (boa bewu siunn u o TllH-fTnni »ool3 '•*
■■" ti!» fifty koM p>*oei> IVidilathenBlU*" lw mills "arc lla ..; icli ilrlvc
main." Smv Ritur'i ' Krakuudc,' Thai i-
18-3
f>>.<criptm -j Daartor.
H gfctM BJV four in number, and are wry xnnwriv?. Tiio
Dngfc Kapi is on the north, ilio Hum (BouxdJ Kagri *>u tlic west,
the Hardin K.ipi mi Tin' sourli, and (!"■ feni R&pi on
TU.-r.' was a lifth, from tin \ th< river on tin cos
lull it is BOW built up. On the inside, of lh" Daj/h luipi L-*
a bu DOW in ruins, in tho upner part of wWh are a
utimbor oT arched tod well-built windows formed of red tile.,
with » tafia inscriptions on tho walls betm Kxfcni&lly,
and on each aide of the gatewaji which ii lower tl of tfo
other entrances, b ■ kuuiII olohe^ and in the Hanking towers bra
raj tho latter arc apparently for sow. 11 In the walla on
(lie ri;dit.-hnml t*iwiT arc Mime iiiMwiplimis ; aincwgtft ui
.1 Hi >»k uin- turned uj-ili d-nwi, above which are two lions,
■ ). rudely aoBBontod, liki tln^e at. Klauput UumIc. Th«
i-'u.i i-.-I- .:ii &bj two sculpt u»vi ... and aueagb
of iffaiofa arc in a poor style of art. Above, and od oik side of
the entrance, is u large atone caiinuu-ball ; mid on Uiu o
a bomb i oi iron bull*, massed i like a p:
lencd I i lln wal 'I he Iimcis nliil wal
Bum j Routt I gait ■, I lading tc Aleppo, facing th w eetward, ate
-th, and worthj of .. visit
■ i renoa t<> tho nam< of tlii ■ ■.: >t<-, ue rend in i libboii** 'Rome*
tlM OttOXOan monarch w;i- tinned I tan of Koum.
Each tower la wall famished with long inirmw i<< phuii - "i h.
ntoffAT b rootaogalar, with o straight lintol.
above thia ia a tcrul], shaped [ike the segment of ucin-le. awl,
si ili higher, k an "i hawk, standing upon the borne of
knll of n con or bvflalob through the nasal extremitj
nf wlu I) latter liuup^t n ring or wreath. Tliis, which is caned
ill .l««iii-, in;;;. !■« i-iuiili .■malical. Above, but extending the
whole I'Mifih of the tfntal. i* anotht r scroll of Arabic or (.'utic.
'nit- of these inscriptions boars tho dote "bb'J of the Begin."
On the 1 1- : it -i- aide of each gab poat, high up, w rjirvm) a
xup|x>rtiii^ a wreath or riagi liic outer gate la made ontirerv
of iron, without any woodwork, and b formed of horizontal ana
E&rpendicular bars metn-d to thick plates v\itli largi hi
>lla. The intervals befeffl i lh. bora aw Qt*d with
\ arii ma devices in the same natal, similarly fastened to th*
plate*. The bartj aa well as the padlooki Cor act uring the jjatr
when .Omt, arc massive, Imt vciy primitive in their const) action
side ohaffibervj or race os bmac tha jatoway, axial for lbs
aoeommudation of the -atc-kc. para T& roof of the gan
Ik arched, and buill ofsaxrow r«'i tik'-s uml i> much higher than
tii".« ni lh, Dtii. i-:. Hi,- una r gate i» of wood, strengtbi
unli inm ban. Above tli i j am die t»maina of nome
■ kuia Lap. I ehui«iM.T; Imili af red til< , tfranged n. an ornov
i N'.S A** J D'arbttkr.
is.
mouUll alvl ■. I'll now in a RdDOM J-tit-. Til I ttloin hi -i!
li i top of tbi wall are only "-' feefl thiek ; tin? walls are about
I \ fat, although at some pofntl thoj i re la* Through the
n< ■■ .-I .Mr. II. .Inn,, tin Brit i*h eonSQ], 1 aO enabled to
riro the following measurement* - Jb-iglii ni I tin
Kum (Houm) kuT,,» *'•"' f,',,t ° inobea; beighl of the wall U-tw ■ i-ii
the towen% SS feet; ^ i - 1 : ■ i i ' 'i the wall adjoining the towers,
ii foot- breadth of the terra-pletn, L9feet Til. to worn are
large and roomy. and 1myo three stages or stor:< bi loopholes
■ it* wfaioh, floeoendh B In in mber, are afehed omroo On nside
with rod tiles, ana resemble small nwmnafrn The dofb&ei) of
the walla of the lows was efiaotad on the land aide bj two i r
more loophole*, passages, or stories, built within (ha tin ignore
of the ffalla, ana extending from tow t lo lower. iVnew to
these, as well as to the upper battlements, was maintained
i^hts of rtuno :l'-pa Hie bejupette miming round tin
iit of tin- wall* wii*, like that in the eii:nli-l of Enema,
totally devoid of pump I i tmfrda Oka interior of the place, an
extraordinary and unaccountable omaaaou,
Itotwocu tli* Bom fRoum) and Mar<l»n gates, tin- walls take
■ji inwarda in tli*' form of ;i crescent, t" •low ■
K>mQ way sp tow&xdi thorn. Thfl U irdin gate
I '• r. ntly built, the* being but o&< inn liate Han
par to tin- eastward The entzaacfi, however ii duetted from
itwnrxi virw by a high and itrangjly built e IL bi j md which
inn) slope* "Ii' pii'i'ipit'iunl) lnwanlfi tin- riTffl Tin
Eapig i i in n nttft h i ■ sol ml | & Jfl st ine I
t and .1 wall btrill along t:»< • la o prooipift . tin
• ■• t. n<-« - in this aids had formerly b<-. baoad bj
an antes gatewag and tower, no* b ruins, Thi descent to the
i- ogE&g, and waj iteep. Tin gatee an locked every
■ .! .ii'.-. t, and * I token to the thai
■ that bemr do bmvallar run ohtam suhnhtoon until lesw
has been obtain* d BhfOQgb bis oonsn] Brain the Pasha.
Tin- virw of im to* a from (he lop of the Bum i RoumJ jsnt*
I* very good. Kan M are distinctly I as, and the
bnr rained bosldJn viable one lim ng the nppea
of a ehnrch or monastery, with q portico^ i- \ irj oonspica
The mosquea an built ol i ifferpnl oolou nos id layers;
ame ilea ate constructed of these materials, bol rariod
[aywn ot tfles, Water i-; brought from a It og diets tea to tin*
weatwari \b of a wate^eniv.- covered in, and baQl oi
■I'M.- .■■ :. < hi ,| i r th< b "^ n ii
along an aqnodnci :"i«>iii 34 to 4 feet wide, bmli of black
nil ttonCj -1 on 27 rectangular pScre, and as numy
lemle rcular archos, by whieli It \< eaxidaS fatoa^a \Vv «&
186
<;\i;r>nN's Dowiption of D
between the Rain aid Dagh anfe*. Cl»w» t" tliis rv>int, i:
t!u- town, i« b tank about Bor 6 feet deep conl ■■•Inch
..ml which i* (Wim-d hy ■ spring inning
[forth Emm the rook." Ihji ' ■ >n< of those
bid] (applied the kiwu in former duyn, when •■'-
iuvr-ttil I < tiit-i.i.- the n ortbi ri uraton
■no fchc ice-piti of the town, tin- wdis of whii 1 ■ ■ .
and slope somewhat inwards. A thick I n n m
is tht-ti laid down, cm which b piled the io in the form of*
the whole being covered over with h thick coating a
chaff, which la and to keep <»n the air, and to absorb the
internal moisture A can i* erTiwtod by mimII Ktep Icjuling
down Into the pita, which an aerally from i to 5 teetdoep.
Tin- in- 1'iilltrli'i.- -II ' liirn.'tl l'\ tin- <ti • V • * I n I mi il to laj 111 large
BQpptt v i ii ate aoM Ut modcr ■ 1 during the hot
weather; otherwise they would limit t'.i -k in order to
nphancw tin- vahw of the aitScb by ifi tcarcib
Throng}) the ksndncee vi Mr. Halt* r of the
Consulate, ' succeeded in getting copiiM) a few of the bwcrip"
od iin- towera. The following M. Jabe,
the Bo Mi-nl .u ESnernm, a dirtinguB ■ linguiat and
tlllJ!liv.lU!lti-r. Mill rr»Vr tt Tl l" ! ■.". .'ill- !l P >! 1.1M ■ • ' :,|t lilt l>} tlHMtft
not tr.sn.viibed.
[nBcription on a tower near the nrjiiHdnrf. Iwtwi
Dngh nml ICum gates: —
*' In tli'.- untnoof o jjrncioun raid merciful God. Our moat glorious muter
Sultan, tat king Baub, Ncdjm-ocWany* ve-oddin, bar « vtA<
wlljpon, iiu bead ol i lami □ iod A Uoai&saedansi Abal-fctti Aynb, sosn
UiofuliM. .in-! oj the i- SI Bluta li M i i I
tha pru
MUts to, bum i ;:i tl.f i^i year o(Uio tlcginv."t
ption on a tower between the Hum and Mardin
11 In fl. naiuo of il.c gradDDI .md moitifnl God. All jovr<r l*Iori£«tli to
God iJ . i
tli" arise, Kb wk of Tiotcrr. Uv rapport of tl* w
<Iunyu ve-ddlu tiic IicikI of I ' i.-.tl. i ■: ■ of kinpi aad
■'»!' ■" •, king of Ernin, b a Refeat Hthfto) the vast capful of lb* Khnlifi, star
::th Mniioxncd. son of Moiummod Kara-Arshaii, eon of
Solu i.i i : --''iknisn ion of Tunair, prince of tko faithful. May ' I
dayirin!. f»ricsmorc r.ipital
• Uvnya nro»| ang Upon eounl
.. tliin 1 uildin i con in» lid I J I ifl U Ud lbrohin-
'■l-H. ■ : ,- i i ii, :, i-.nl toaJI otorr.ity." J
* Ainiuiaiui- Msrcrlrinns mcntioni thi* spring.
t Ban tfae king Stftb pai : ^Mjinvil-rlfn* of the family of ihr Ato-
biicii vno rata id fa AlsfipOi irfaosi npreniq in- icksKiirltdatd*
I h -In."!,!, 1 iliink, (»■ «i'!vr V iM-;<]-<lurija*T N"Bir-«<lHliim-B, Sec.
^ The Prfaoe Bslsh Ibbnadi bsvinc to roongnieo Uic •aprvm:u-_v if tho Ayu-
t**, who rriguwl in Kgy]»t »n<i Sjrls. Imd their nomestompeil upefl I
Gxhden s Description of DiarMr.
187
[iifioriptioo on ;i Uw<t iHur the M;inlin ;u" , going towards
tho Bub (Ro&b) R°to: —
■ In tho name of tho prucioiu and luowiful God, who i* Almighty.
J order of our low tho Sultan, tho mooter Snlch, vri*.-, hat, ] t
! r of justice, J»M*cr-od-<hjr)\:i ei >ddiD, Uw
■
tin : in - a) imA
Armenia, tlio hiv htbtvool On world, tho king of Buito
Iran, the sutuniKiou of which hod been notified by IvaUIh-.;!.-. Mm
"an (Sokman?), son of Timtir, prices o( thfl faithfuls
nihil) • w.ik »n oUtl bv ft bn», son of Ibrahim otid Scrici.
JilATl Which T lie Kin;- >:)!, (i lntn-..'lf .iij.j. i ;).]."•
Til.--- iaecriptiow belong bo SsIaLi ^Uhntud, a prince oi thr
I Ottdkidtt Of KImvl'u. Thin luttii win* culled
. and known in tho time of the I (omasa by tbo
of I liupi nun ' loplMfc
All these iuacritttionB were iu the Arabic character, but tho
who copied Ukeai conld not exactly explain to what |«ir-
i •• b&langod,
Ih placed at the north-coat angle and ha* two
■Miinif.itin" ui:li (In- town. In it )0 Mtustod the ^my,
• [. .v. common looking bailding, b % iHopHimftod state, iu the
coort-yards of whioh are two large plflEntvlroe . On boo ridoof
piti'W.iy oi" tin? Sumy arc tin.' figures <<1 :mimiils sculptured
alief, [mmediateij oppoeite the Bony u a great mound,
on which the Sahhebt or Sohibe, th former Mohammedan
prince* of the country, bod their ewtlo^bat of whidi aotiu .
rttniHin- but iIh- foundation walnut
Adjoining tho Seray u o high xxsctanpulitr tower, built of
-luiu', to whieli in eUachod • unell inooijue, This
tower it is rapposed was formerly the bel:V. of i OhriftlttD
■ li. Both Mill-sill-- and insido the rourty.ini oftlie mosque
• tombs offlevend former pa*1i as. as well as of members of
ilinr hmilica Tho pivot-ahoi't of tho tiaircaso of Ibo lower \g
i iti.i'i 'nl ii. ii i i-rrni being arranged inuivSu cm i >i tbi i08top^
with a l:in<liiiu'-|'l;"'.. and so on. Xhe new from the nu&inil of
the l"*IiVv i'iiii.r>v- iin- whole town.
mi Um monumental inscriptions; they sl»o eou*ed public proyera to be ofl'crud up
tOW of thorn. This u the reaioo why the name of Nrtswr.ed-dunyii T*-ddin
■ loned here.
* The Afftbfti prtaeM Kick the till** of King of Kurn (Komnl nrnl Armenia.
IK-fc ntfuiu occurs the mine <>f NanMM*-«<l^luoT» ve-dd'ui kiug uf I>.iina»i:u», rhOtC
upren M«] d . i i« the name which ilic pTO-
viuoe of ki bijan boro formerly, It vouM «ppe*r that *t (btf period the
■ '■'!• • ■! >>)..• K-iltl^k, ui nit ha iv rnnrlc hu fin hniHsinn.
Tho tDAQ who copied thn il»o*r liucriptloni conld rtnil the t'uflo ctiunictcr.
altkouxlt he !'»'W ih>wu none 1» Arabic unly ; ami huiiug left I)iuiU-kr tlic dfij he
"■in to Mi, Mull***. In- t* i M doI \tt wut out jRuiu to (Eft tvsac Cufic onci.
t Sc« Kittcr". « Ertfconde; TheU n, 1K*4.
iss
CtABHBrt Dmriptim of Diarlehr.
.
There are about fifty-seven mosjid* and jamis unoxjues) fn
Mk- turn. A moaqt I'* i :ui'iihiv, wdw " baa none.
Mr. Malta** and myself visited the i.'ii)-j;iini, or Gnat tfoiqa^
which thi'v waj vu originally a QnJitniii church.* It Lab a
sloping roof oovered iriui ihei li of lead, and tax each tide of the
bniMing i* a win^-, thus Banning three eoparato Kio*qiic*
!-ii i in. i of ill'- 1« -ii i .-< otsof Mohi ■■'-•. the n.tii.i -' of vruich
I was informed are ELtmifl, Setiafa, Maleki, and Kambeli I i
the foot if ft Large qnadreiiglo, whi h ia entered f <"■: i
ward by an archway, above whirh . of lions
(lt.-Kiroytnii other anRoalfl] but rudely executed. *1 the
mnl appomte sxtremitiiM of (hi* quadrangle, paiftward ..
. ib ft foqip "• . 'on :tiii£ of a double row of columns, one
above the other, and tan in number. Tho capital* of tho lower
doIiud i ore Corinthian, those of the upper ore what I il
call Baracenic, possibly Byzantine, but handsomely ornamented.
Bach aaotkn of the shafti >'i Che l< war columns u of :i different
coloured marble. Some of thote columns, which arc quite p
have two others three. The shaft* of the ujipi-rrow*
of columns apptar to U formed of tingle block*; and, although
not so high aathfl lowt.-ronea.arc each ornamented with trai
of a different pattern carved ha high relief. Above the capita
the lower fOfl of column* at the eu&lcni • \tieniity is a boi
: ting of bnnchefl of grapoe and vinn*h<av< - The tmw
• •li thi.« walls liciwi ■ :i rli. ci>l uriiii:: Luvr tin- eppf-urnnre i>i I
Saaoanic or parhaw Byzantine. Arabic or Cufic Eiiacrip4ioa8
are introduced :it different points. I i the quadrangle wo two
Shadirawaae, built of wood] with conical roof*, covered with
I of lead.t At tho nort'n-wi :.-t corner is a small meejid 13 i
i e of the forth sect (ii.imu-ii . t \i : .hamiii« d.
they Ba) that :i( present there are only tlireti wct.s here. 1 • ■-
wur.l caj hut eloso to, tin Great Mosque is a largo building
called the llnxsnn P»*hn khan or carnvaiixAmy. It i*
-iin.'tod of layers of white and blaeU tttonc, which have a good
effect
We next \scnt to the Chaldoan church, tho biahop of whk
a Dan of education, and speaks Italian. We wont into the
■ Tcxici remark p. il, part 3, of liU work on Armenia, Fcrrit, nil Mesopo-
tamia, that '* One »i~ tin noM curioa* monument- Jt Karbukr '..inilda I
iiicu'iii puUo* which bttonndj it If Hid, lo TigranwS, boi vbieh Sipor II. ocea*
pM All moaaooDt cnoklitt of two parulld fic»l««, ind 0/ :i «i 1 lifioe •
, which hi* b iioiiwaMtic li U uj ihU rvlifsioua *l«tio»iiou
ihkl Uic »rtO!ii»hiiiK pnMCtatiou of lU< vdilice cuftliL tu K otti ' I I -«h of
th« f*c»d«-» x* adypucd with two storm of column* of mrc and coilt)' iiinrttf*. fc»«i
the iculptarvdmotvl tin wtirkmumhip of thtt Uiird and fourth c<iiMrlc« How-
OVff, all thr arfllM cf t >t •- low it VtOn 'rr--ir;hmf*.- ur . ofitt , whUta :
lli:;t ll»i- kiinl ofcODMrnOUOD 1* tUOf* Bildeut tllftuil ll 0 '"' "
t >-h»rlir»w4o i»u buiMiUK aJMtt the fuhLi'ul wash bcfui'v cntvnii^lbc ihokjiic.
t-H'S Description of DUuUhr.
IM'i
urch, which -\vi l - lik.' Mil Armenian fiUK . "nl*. HtmSwLat
ir. Ou ih» walk hung mtbtiJ picturvs. het v,. n« idumxr
wndiatinguishablo from want of tight A priwt, wba rooko
French, nid thai tin -y had a library in the hisliop's hnum*, which
contained some old manuscript books. Thence we went to an
Armenian -Impel, called Kurp <!rci:orio (Sunt Gregory). It
wo* bnnflrl] celled the Kaahuk KilUsc, or Little Church; hit
having boon burnt down about forty yenre ago, it
rebuilt, on a somewhat larger scale. Tin- walls Hid pillar* sup-
porting the roof were of olack volcanio stone. At tin time • i
the tire a Dumber of old manuscripts were also JUUMJIuetL
As I heard that i mddhg vaa about to tako place. I waited
! i ii I'iikiiu' Mi- ci n inonj l ma eooonu&odated with n
scut in mi nriri-4-liair bifida tin* altar mil*. Whan (ha ooople
ired at tbo door, they were kept standing outside, the
■umiiii holdin - tin' I ell hand nf tin* h: ide in lii.s li'jlit. lb-
wai supported by u rnulo friend, and who Ly two women, both of
v.lifiu were desperately plain, and whose duty appeared to be to
luiiit lior up — a most neerssorv pnwcrdiiig. aa alio ffQM on her
head a potto board cap shaped fike an hourglass, over which was
thrown a lone pink scarf raaohing to be* feel ud ornament. ■•!
with tinsel, (Sc- A korohiof was tied nmnd bor I >rebcod and
uvcr In i i yes. After beit or kept wane tiuio at tin* porch by a
meet, thoy woro allowed i> entar,wbon tho two mute*; won
Mich preacnted with a long ruse-colon red gown, nhich thry put
on. Uere, again, they wen* dolayed <-■ rime by a priest, wh..
repeated several prayers, whilst two or three bon inside were
looting abort tallow di|w to anv who would hold (hem. A
[an b NOg formed, a boy commenced boating B DOta] tam-
bourine. One. of the pricnts — a j"lly, tlmueh dirlt-lookiug
man, with a pair of torn blue shalwars or troweera and bare
took hifl station on one «dc and commenced a prayer, to
: tli'.- tambourine-beater made response* in a sortie
. and evidently to tbo full extent ot hia lungs, varying the
noiw i-Trry now and then by beating and shaking the DD
tambourine. In this way tho couple advanced at a very alow
pace, halting occanacallj to allow tbo priest and his rxtt&utor
i thron Kb their parts, until dayTaaonad the altar. I
they were placed in their proper Dosition; the man holding t.h<
gina right nand in his, and their he ad* bent forward, so that tin
edge ofthe jKWteboard hourglass-like adornment, upon tin? head
. t Om bride, touched the forehejul of the bridegroom. The
piisst then hound another kerchJod orortho ores of tho bride,
fsing it behind, Having ununged lhi* to In* satisfaction, !»•
laid between tho two heads a enicitix, which ho gave to the
bridegrOom'fl friend to hold. WLilst Uiis was going on the Uun-
180 G ARDES'fl Description f>f Diarf
tourine-beater took his elation on the raised plutfonn of tl
altar. 8crc«ming out some oration nt the top of his voice ;
wliii-li the offlc n-if-.t. uttiriiig binm-lf iu :i Long pnrplo
gOVlli and adorning Em head with n gilt crown, surmount'
it Mulfc*- rros», look hi* \Ain-v in front of tho eonjili-, .iih! read
somo prayers at a railroad paw out of a book. Ho wo*
ccoded by a rvrj mpectable, ctamJodking old man, vri
white beard, whom I had noticed on first entering th<
I'M* personage was attired in a long, dark-coloured cloa
hood, wbfeh no dm aver his head. Ha then natd for :i
minutes out of a book held for him by an attendant, ail
ilic oerosrony ww cancludad by tha cxjuple rnovi tg i ul of the
cburob at tho same slow pace as they ■ I m.I -\ mi ; .:. . :.
few paces to enable the priests; to mumble
ih' bridi'^rouiu. mi first taking lii* station, pur muih thing
(doubtless tho nuptial ring) on the finger of the bride* His got
ran irli.ilily pall towards the and oftha ceremony, from landing
so Iou-,' iii an nnplaasanl position; and no doubt the Lridi
oqudhr ddooh A number of MM'rtnij.r* vht.- in tbu
church, and, to ihow how Utile raapoct tooy hud for tho place*
one woman was fcniftffig BtockmgBi
The parties who won? thus married belonged to the poom
■ l.i-.
Tin ad itntnm overlying tin rooky rabatnUum, on wl
Diarbokx wu* orignally built, now lies nbout IU foot bom
iii* [irt-at'iil mi rfjut' of the ground; ko that, to discover tiny relics
of anuqojty, it would be necessary to excavate below that deptlfc
Thercaaoo of tlna Encruaa of w»fl is that when a house fi-ll or
waa destroyed, anotbai was built unon its ruins. Somo
men cngiurod in digging a tank iu the garden of the < 'm mutate
ilimiiv . wall* (it stone built in tin* form of u sijui
also l'i i n ta of a mosaic pavement form
of different rocks in tha nnighbourhnod and wrong
a bod of eeaoont Thoao Omgaoota wcw lying on their side*,
thereby showing that the moaaic*work bad been disturbed
deatroyad ^ some firmer period.
Tho Mohammedans • H -i lii ,1 to 1-
rnnat fanutiml in tin- country, but it was extraordui
the presence of our Consul, orcn daring the i two
year* I mil • t'ffctcd.* Previously i<> his arrival European ntii
did not daro to show thomsclve* in (he rtn 1 1 . but a
polled '•• I".- mufllod up in tho native mauw r; - i 1 ultli
even now tho ladies wear their veils, they are able to appe.
tote,
• My vldl to Diarbekr wni in IBS
fB Dttcrifditm of Uiarttchr. li'l
Willi the aXOflptfOQ of mi QOi rkll '•• tin Vmni
Missionaries, lb Ladiei of th< Conml'B family ootdd lake do
OXtfcitt BXOftpl mi hoftulinrlc, wliir-li they pour-rally did i
the weather permitted The upnearunco on k of
I ,'Ji.ij. ■•::u ..: ■.'> - ' :i -U Hii-il Mu SIQful CUI3Gat] :i . i I llhti illMiim m
wnonp the nuit&Y* w nun, who luut no\ »r >een frimdc-s riding on
aide-saddle. It u;j- iuia-incl thai otn Western women land
one lejr, tin- fiiir eqneetriaiM n Turkey being accustomed
fa astride like men. u Gome ulonjj." one woman was heard
to say to another, " and sen a lady with only one leg riiiii
■ •
One day the Consul ffdrqpMMn brought hii daughter iiewMd
up f»r uh t<> :-. r. On li r heed she wore & few or fez, the
i r :■ iif whirh, inateod of hanging down loosely, were tprmd
out and BOWS down to the front of her eaifc On the flat part
were sewn tbre< mws ■ i ■,. j i. -,>■ |i . -/.
Round her forehead whh tic*] n coloured learchte^ ana o»e*
this a tatifOtf with eardaj |m ' . The 6att<fcr<v was coiu|Xtei <l <>f
pmrls with i rentrr nnmmeni of pOOrll I BUBSl]
end, attached to the bottom of it. mate lou| all poad
I i mliiutrt of emeralds and rubies. Sun of fetie latter
alao doi n u ■ ogsl 'i" pearls forming be
',■(. Tli earJappffte were of pearls with a nto
of i Doezaldfl and rubiee, and edged dl normd with
n -i i : i . which feat*
.1 hung down m front on each ride of tl
end were also ornamented with naall gold! I'-i-dreea
. n nmir ol sAafaxm (Fetaxnn truwserv), a high
oi ini lin embroidered with sprigs of rod and ^roen
floss-bilk. !i wm n pelisse of bin
full hanging sleovoe. The p
front so as to shun t! of tin
hoflOm Bid the muslin r/e hk.v/A. and run lung down to ilfl
h' 1 1.-, quite < "a- aim., th. trowaMBi Round the waist e
red sill nel -curl >h.-i Ini pelisse sin- '■■ '1 "t
cloth embroidered with goJoMhuad Round hat nook and
Wg doWQ b In-lit Wl tfl llm B eh.ii IB -
»il lengths, and were a ■ . ■ of gold coins of dill
value, both in and out of present cfa
the KongOat, m.'I -Aits made of festoon- of peai
gold oraament.i of .'pen wvih, niannfacturod a1 Dtarbekz, to
which wan attached three charm* The oantre tm . h b
|. wo below her middle, ocmHfefted • I a larpe piece of oornelian
ai. enclosed in au oroameiita] gold C4ise mounted with
rubies and eiurmlk Tho oilier (WO WOTO of embossed gold
She wore coloured wuwte.il or woollen »oeks of native man%-
192
i ENS Lcacn)ttion of Dk
r.
iroi sin bad left bev slippers outside the door- Over nor
hi id i 0(1 shudders she wore i light-bine net veil spangled with
gold leaf uud bordered with 11 fringe of gold-tmva i. which was
i;iili' i weighty. This veil hung down and 1 1 n n d Em i IkxIt.
Bhi laid M6 hu«J-«n en ln-r hi ud was heavy Mill mud. h ache.
1 1 * • t- father valued her dress at 16,000 piastre*! bcyazvati • white
money), a huh, nt 110 piastres i" the I/, sterling, Britfsn etv-
renoy, would amount to about 18K 13a. 4<£
DiarUbr is nun c »1* tin- ^tniitms <»f tin- AmenVan minion. I
found tlireo p-nfU-im-n of Unit udminible u located
b re, all uf whom were Blamed* The members of the • ■lmrvli
amnunti-d 1*' 39, the general eongrepition to Ih*hv<-<<ii l'»KJ uml
800. OftheWaborri 60 worn women. Thr <hool was iittendod
by some 50 boys and pita. Those rtb kept wpnrato Twi>
native te&ehore moated tho missionaries. Upon one occasion
that I attended their religion- ■■■< . ces the congregation HW
very numeral (there b ing nearly 400 por w Soverol
women could read uud a fen wnley and more wen- limn
rethar the pro&nect* of sn •* in the missionary fid
Diara Icr inh si rj encouraging.
The American missionaries h;i\e been wnl to I'm
Christian* and not to tho Mohammedans. They haw Im:. ,
enjoined— and ii is their policy, /is well as safety — no
meddle with the latter.
Afc>ut the month of May. when the bent commences, tin-
inhabitants of Ih'nrbekr leave the town and repair to
kiewks or country residences. Tie ir mode of rural life consists
in rising Very early, wlnn nil business mtu! out-door i-xc .
are gone through between tin- hour* of 1 uud !» o'clock AJL
The reel of the da] n occupied in reading, writing, or Ii
acting BOdb bnefoeieaB run be curried on within doors, bat
sleeping, Ac. July and August arc thr m--l o| ly 1ml
months of tho ynnr.
Hie prodootkma of the poihoK&of Diarbckr, consist of cant
wax, son ma-seed, rotten, ailk, wool, goatVhair or tifiik, gam
tmgaoanth, fa Tin- leeaz&ft-ecod is not cxtou.iMiv.niti
horei .i* it b said thai not mora than one crop in twenty cjui U;
relied upon. It is grown extensively lower down on tho harden
of the desert, and is greedy ami having no -im-ll. foi "i^ing
pnrpoeeeaad lamps instead of fish-oil. The people ea1 it, ana
< vi ii make sweetmeats with tho residue, called Mtlwa* whkh if
mixed with honey, fte.
In the vi-iinty of I uurbekr, on tli© plaino. there are wild pi .
hurt-*, foxes, wolves, jackals, martin-cats, ducks, teal, wi<i.
1 1 uvc kinds; ol ]»iirtnn v, red -logged, end another -< r*
with yellow li."s». fiiipcN wtxrtlcoclot, .saiidjiijiei-^ nnd hirj;<
Kimu.av ex Dr. Liritiyttojiest latt Jourtttif, 103
In the mountains bmn, wren] BOrteofd
tb ibex, mid wild £nu(. Tin ]'"il tli* it Inn i • v ■: -' :. ■
how l a'i hi out three times « id
Hi, Mr. II IxnOC, mid ID.W OnOUgh to OO&TlBCa ii..- that
0)066 who lire fond of BpOll "ill lind plenty of it in tlii.s ui i-jV
Tho gn-ni - n ■■ •»(' nil th. is I »• iiltli M' tli<-
streets. This disgusting feature demonstrates tin? apathj and
indifference of tin- mil mdil E tho
Fn some places within tho walln the rtondi ariaing bum
i Kith it :i>">7[,i!. .,!,!. . ,\ t r<v, Her would imagine that
ltn< sa did ii '1 form part of tl - Hot unmedaxa o extaj
particuraT stress is hud uj>on the injunctions with regard to
- of purity nod decorum.
X. — On Dr. Living.' y, (MM the probable
VBimaU Source* of the A%. liy Alex. Geo. Findlay,
i£«k'.rInrie 3, 1867.
ct of these remarks will bo to dcmonsti. far afl
It 18 possible I" do no iutrreiitiitllv, tltit Dr I.ivinr^ton* !m-
■ d, or was about to enter, the south* m limit- ox the b
of the Nils when the last panafd] nnws of him \xn* fonwirdfd
from Africa.
I ffiah to premise that due caodprian is '!:'■ ranltof a long-
etandiiw oonTiotkn thai Lake Tanganyika would gome day
prore to be tho Southern r«t>nroir of flu KU& 1 arnTt
thfa when i '.\ M very ^nudi engagr*! with Captainfl Barton and
BpohO] in I859,ia ailOLMuig and calculating tho Tory co]
. n<\ i,.i i - ■ r.Hciit dnt n brought li'Mu • bj thi a a blj completed
lition of 185tj-t*. Thu Snl foot Afrima expodi
li.i«l scant justice done to it of btoj sooiog flial if vrwthofinl
harvest, and thai by much the most abnwhmt one, of those
brilliant diflOOl kftlfii ■':" I HUH ■■"fly *;
the Koyitl Oco^mpliicul SooietV.
No apology is needed for introducing this topic at the present
moment, or for considering the laetjouroaj ok Dr. LfYingitoao,
our noble explorer, to whom so manv of ua are united b> thi
ties of friendship; The jh>f • lc«patcb from the int* .tjoi, nhich
wi- ii!t*i in 'on anxiously .malting would, I believed, htrtideftal-
•ively settled the question I am about to pi *p--«..
VOL. XXXV'll. O
IM WWDBM mi Dr. Living ' Joiirnfg. atui
The pcdotl I wish to insist, on uiv tkoM: —
I. That Dr. hivinpstono has dotormiuci
yika hake line do conmwion with tho Nvji.nni I**k
*2. That nil known fttfimAnj makee tho river run Mb the
aouth end of Um Tanganyika hako:
:;. 'I hai ii ,/<».-/ baTO ui « i - tlmt is probably ti
itb.
4. Tlmt tin' oi.-rrvMiiuii-. i it Sii Samuel Baker,
ptfod with (bote of Copt kin Spoko, make tk
Nyanxa <m £bo ■ame lovel with the Tanganyika
l ..:1c; =']»! farther, thM tin* two lakes jab each
Oth : .
;"•. Tlurrfoiv. ilic KtroiOiH which Bow north-westward fnicn
ili- TiiMimtuin. at thi; iictu! "i the Nyaaaa L*k«>
ftmtaili the (rue mmki:w of lliO Nile,
Tho following notea will refer exclusively to tho physical
g«ogr.ii'h\ of the *egion; ami in the fire* place I would adroaoa
aft an axiom, that too aooo&nt* gtan by older author* *lwold
b jui.l;t-l ii\ tin- li-ht i»r roconl and peeitiTe kuoiriadgi . in
not bo nrmngi'd aocordiBg to (he Ixoporfecl report* o
potent d.i',. Hi i . or tin; Tana ideaa famed from native rep
i: K Iiiufi it, wli ... thi diwnvi ;. i
m LakO) boa oxguod ii-',.ii.:i hii ision, and
•i\.- duuh) mwaii now for making Hie lake Hon tothenorth-
v..n! (.. ,. 'ji.uriiiii KoyoJ Geographical Society, vol. xxxr.,
. pp. 1-L~i. What follows will be supplementary to I
and based chielly on facta more n I -quired.
I trast that the Subject will ■!■- intelligible to the
reader by the aid nf the diagrai ndud hi this, which are
Ejnxta position, and show tho different views which
irn Inimril.
To conjuutn'o with tho eouthernni" i | ri;
Lak K y&ssa, as is well knowiij iraa ftrst seen b) Dr. hiving*
sti.mt.' Si-nt.-iulsT I'ith, lsf>:».* lie bad followed up the- im-
portant Kivr Miiiu to iu collet from the lake. It woa aJ
wards riritad bribe anftrfcunate Di lt'nsrher, whn rr.nrhi*d it
from Kilwu on tforombea i'(i ,t twi> month* utter Pi. Livin^-
sI.Miir lu.il \ i:-iin| if. I »r. HnM'ln-r >\-.i- mm.!. t> r| si hlmrt i!i-; i
boa tiu .-ast shore of tho lake in about tat IV W
The lake i» very deep poi I A) much ox lias 1 16 fatl
and 1ms the do [« ii! io or indigo tint of the Indian Ocean — a
♦ Dr. LiTiTi£%tonc, 'The ?«mb«l anil it< rrihimmr*
t Dcuja?ch from LktucMiu-Coloiii'l ltigtyr, July 15, 1866. .
i.stjixiM'' u&fiaotf Aurmi <•/ /v 2Kb
i&>
sufficient proof of iu crn>ut tk-ptta," The aattttrn shore has not
h '. bid I a known 10 be limited on that ado bj loftj
tnonitjimg. On tlie west the beautiful trafrcovarad height*,
probably 4000 to 5000 foot liijrh. BH ftha odgBB el uildo-landa,
UuoDgfa vfaiofa Aowflva rivers, the only affluent* on thJB nd
TLe*c, witli what others enter it from tho oa»t and north.
be fiullicii'tit in account fiat the annual rbe of the laka i about
I i in Jimioiry ami for ill" flow of tbfi Shire.
Tlitr liortiii.ru cml of tin* Like la of the gK&f '. interest
n to the question now uder eoosMarai on [1 was
d, a* in woil noMii, l«y Mr I rsingstonoe on dition n
ooi d iMi in October, 1801. Dr. Livingatooe mil Lin
'rth-cast extreme in lot. 1 lu 32', leaving Dr.
Kirk uml < * : i . * 1 1 - - . Livinntoaa ia thaii l»ont.t The land party
k inland on apnroa- ihing The foot of the moa ffUob
rwo abruptly from the lake, Thoy encountered a body of the
dreaded Slnzitn, tho -lYi-cN of v\lui ■ •• wurfim mi tin*
i - bad boon before observed. The boat paitj ijot sopa-
Dtfi il fnuu tliciii lor four day*, and naaobf*! about lat, 1 V W* s.,
and saw about 20 mile-* Itfli further north, or to abtXll bt
II B.
Tho published narrative, and still more the ooo OSj of
Dr. Livm-^toiii- ami Dr. Kirk lead to the invent cou-
no river of co la magnitude ENTEItS the
north end of the Nyas-o l..t!o . From tuo height of at I
lOOll fiv-t, over which tin- hind jiarLy toiled, tin* dark iimum a 'ii
masses on both sides of tho lake wore seou closing in. A: tin
♦•ligation tin? vii'w axtendad iii 1<':l>i u hr u im how the
boats; and it vaa baUevad tho cud of the lake lies on the
l*ordor* of 10', or the northern limits of 11 ft lat
Natfw ta timony,ala^ vhatawi wright that may h.i.o, eonflrms
this view.
ft MwikaiuLira (Ac chief of Iho place whoro Dr. I.mn#atono landed, within
45 mile* of the presumed head of the Uko) Imd never heard of «nv Utrc rivtr
in tb+ DortL, and oven denied its existence altogether ; uuao
linio, th« names of tho different haltinz-iilacce round the Ik'a<I i ! I bti uko and
o, i.uml.r of divjn required to ftm tin ii" hm viilwv, ulach
•omtponded, a* nearly as *d could judgr, v. : < uot at which wo have
placed it* and." $
All other native testimony, too, tends in the same direetinn.
Every native questioned h\ l»rs, Livingstone and Kirk assured
them that no large stream entered tin lake, but that two small
rtran alone enter the lake from the north. Dr. Kirk savs that
• ' The Zambtii a«U its Tril>utariv«/ Pt^ 0^-371.
t Ibid., p. 3SI. J Ibid., |i. :i'ia
O 1
196 FiKDL.iV(m
,\vt7Vjstonc* lad J'lurncy, and t!u
g
wc
i ivoi nam< I l'"vu, moaning :i river," nail tho other
u 11 river cominj . in from a maraiu*
Thr- -ill of thil point i:i tlif geography of
Africa cftrrica with it. the ctmelnirinp as to the w.iter-
parting of iiie whole of die rival ■ i the Zam-
i" i ud tin- N)l<. F\w, should any riror fiill into I
t»nd of Iji1<« Nyama, ii mast ■»• ;i ran largi i ne h J
it must <to, an "area of at least 3*X>,000 sqaaa l-ntah
.. oonntry as lerg< and ana Franco comb
Dr. Livingstone's first journeys to theNyassaLnl < . ll
lid .ill I'itt OO0Q lui wly determine that take Tanganyika baa
'I tl I 1" ill" •.lltlllS.IT.l.
It ha* b'TH r . .|t n -iit I v argued, and especially by Captain
RiM'ln*, that the Tanganyika L.ik.- dr.ihiotl into the Nyansa.
I ai it r< 'l.iiiv a level*, as far a* ib known, would admit oi
ii thru , |)| KilkV rin-l'iil .:mI -;itiMii«-t.>I\ i.l. -I'M. ii :i.i ■
i;t* to October, i860, main Luke Nyaatt to In- 1522 foot
h lower elevation than that previondj
nod to it, ;»:id at Unat \\\h) fort, and possibly i:«t»0 I
\ r.j'iLM'iyik i i ..t.. .+'
>w, iw Pr. lawny, ii in- *h j< lej had, f"i one of its primary
objoel i the di tormii ati m >>i" thk importaal point, it may be
inferred llml hi< last journey confirmed hia previuuH eouviel
tY»_- 1 now that he had crossed a marsh, which was found to
ch t'.ntlr i north than he bad pronooili seen, ad then
l hli journey iNtkoari, If this marsh }< k! i
bj tlic conne of .1 lar^e river, such as the requin nu ate of the
i;i* l< :fl :.. th< r.'ii.ui iiifcri-iii'i-. lie would have follows
impertaui !•'« : r to tin inland tr
if any . with the aortliuni lake,oi till id diaiaota was n
dctenniood.)
Thcrt-foii', I hoM it to !.:■ i point :i. n
lay, thai Dr. [ivmoBtoa bas determined that i.:ik.- Ny.-.t-^
.1 I. ii.< r ... ■■■■(;. ikn nave no oonncxion with "in ii >ther; and
that decision ii-- ate determined, in a grc.i
we arc to look fox (he true BOOIOOfl of tliat still mystcrion*
Nile; for it will be shown that tin n we all hut in»u|K?rabIt* i
M Dr Kirlt in ' l'r oowd ingB,' I8C4, tol. *ii. jv )lt\.
t a#r ' Jovrul,' L850, vni. nn pp. 1M, IW.
; The expedition coiuiiuuded by Mr. Young dctcrnilucd Uinl Dr. LiTlngtUtnt
fMtcd round the n*rA cud of Lake Nyoua, ui*a*d of to ibe auttb vtiU a» »t»
•••\-y -\ '■! Df. KltV, in..! M '.--■ *-:Hy | |pl DMtS tM " I mi || 1 1 1 .. ■ D 1 1 -t. r | .. - ' ll. .
mipornuit poiat TWl cIam nn! nflivl ru ]»r.i|i>»rd-
Dr. Living*! ci m >itli. r ObttlBM] I'irthirr kn»wli><l{r<. nf l)u> rmrlh .-ml rf the )«k*
n bii tat jmirnrj, or hrwuio ftilly convinced, ou hi» pmfeu c«pl*»railoni; Umi
it bad no OOD h Taupmyika takv, tbut he couaiJetcl Uic po'mla* t>
cjucition.
prpMb ulhmats Source* of tho iVVfe,
m
onltUM in MOCnUBtiDg fbt the faUDQgt of La U to
U» Athmtir. thtODgh llic Congo, Oil the one Imiul. 01 tu th.*
Indian Ocean bj the Kntiji or other river, on tli.< ..ih.-r.
licaid".-* tin. i wj i iridi Di o of Mi i..:i ..i Hi ■
nnyika wriLb the Nyassa Lake, there is enotheTj qui
i.'. Daptaio Hurt on* which may Imr b i'" pcatoil. Dr. Kirk
the few ii.iiur.il Rpccunmifl prcsorved bj Oaptai
Burton vofl a suiall collection of shells from Tanganyika. Dr.
Kirk brought wmc from Nynsso. D tan D tin m iLcic is no
wmuUtv ■ f jtjwkn, while both contain many new i
Aruo wisaa is one of a trp foe the liret time
)1<-i rvnl ,11 U'rn-u. and, b**in<; large ud UMlda iu<\ it COdld DOt
littvi iuru overlook i won i1 proi at ill Tanganyika.
On the other band, Captain Burton's rollirtinu ju.^
ri-i ■■ common on the Kile, and unknown -yaiwa.M*
the pancitj oJ ront known dg< oi lhalaki fact
imp miing n conclueion, ■ a oe muri I
to tho other evidence otthi thctwolakca,
AVi ih. -ii. thai it' it is argui-'il W bavi DO <ftr«£
i i .;.•.. !■. lot ..;..!.: di that every
it is in favour ■ <; such jl com luaiou.
Tho secokd point in our aubjo
streams running south of the Tanganyika I .'ike.
The distance from the north ana of Lake Nyaaai to the
part of Lata Tan j is about 840 or 830
I i in* direction b M. ■">."■ u . Of tho country Enu
internainc we know nothing but from Tory imperfect Dative
rt About the mountainous oountrj furthei weal h hare
infonnati -v., lerera] Important routoi having traversed it.
Pint, bom Dr. Linnptona AAer having exploxed the
«eaf'ir> ihore fLakt Nyasaa, he starto-i
nihi-r. iSi;;'., lor ilir w.-at, .1 period of the )<..
to accomplish any great exploration. But ha raceeede
<lctcnnjm»g one v<-iy important point the \>- I the
• [mrling of the rii lowing into N"yuw;i. mid tluwo
aid At hia favtlt Int.
1 . and .-i '•'•'' milca in tec bom tl ■ I
he reached tho fiuiimi:'. of thi dhidlnj ra&j ucmasso*
lay around ii. and in the north appcaxoa «■ heap of blue
moutitaiwct Tho elevation Ih uot menttooedj but it
I". b ; ••■■ ' tho uiorcing winds luol an 0
ordinary offbet on bn follower^ one oi whom died from ttm
ir.
■ to * Journal ,' vol. uxi ip
* ' Tht yambwl anil I >'pp. 0I*a
198 Findlat on Dr. Liringftonc* fasi Journey t and Ike
In their progress westward they heard a good deal froui the
Qod U'lhisa Had Arid*, who lun-w tin- rvuiMry well, of »
mull Ink© call. .1 ft mfa
11 .\ i c poaaod ov«r the aoureoa not only of tho V.cacx*'*
(oftlr lh© ZamK-iu) l'ii ■! :,riMflu ratr«m cnllnl Mi
II rcproaonWti to bo the main foods* of Lake Ikmh*.
oald l< of Littic ixniartnnav but tor ll Uu consickrablc riw
I.uapulo, or Lotpuh, i* rod to How out of IVtnK* to too westward, nud than
to »pn ■ ■
- mm. .i Caombt, I.- ad ■--' too ootth, tnd outer LaX-c
Tanganyika."
It in vory much to be regretted that this important p
wae not farther exmnin.d. T!i<- .i| i«r..a- li «>f t!;r rainy ?caaon
and tin recall of tii" expedition caused E( to Em ol utdoned, and
a hasty return 1o tho Lake >*yaaaa, and then<-t- to Europe, ha?
ling topic (br tho pPRseni.
Berond tin- pom! attained i>y Dr. Lirinjptone no recent
penetrated; but further (<• the westward *ovcrol
litlona have pasted from the Portimiow aottlca
the Zi witmn a n ry few mil< - < f Lh< [irobabl
■ mi - . ii,:i i alee. The chief of I
•.. Itiet, i"'" tni j ban been often quoted, but bt^cmu* Uio
lOment invust* thiun u iili u -n\-i i rl
A I loi.ii trow Goa, Goncalo Goctano Pel
had Bent from Tettn raorc than one tradiu
Cazembo prior to L 786, and in that vear sont his sou, Mnnoel
of a minion to the wuno p Tho
5 men, as related by Dr. di>
Laccnla in liis preliminary notes to the account of his expe-
dition, contain many goographica] feature* of importances to
pc eenl obi at
dog I betano itartcd hi Hi j ITSO» with
hifl own Blares and the Muizaa who had brought d
ITOIJ ti;i year be fun . ami tilW Iruu :Mi!- ill.' hind
of tho .M.uMvi— u t.-nn by which tho great lake (Xyn<sa) was
tip. u known : plirrs — trae forty-fire days in rmching
Lroanj in Rjvejj toe stream whoae head-watei
by Dr. Living tone in September, 1863, and then called the
l.iutii-\i;i m- Ziimlni. tin l.-ttii-r- name from the place
full* into tho Zambeei 220 mil< ulnvr ')'. tic In f\M
mi i- be itraok rooUttrr rirer, called Zarobexc, of which
* lU'lnUril in ilic LatfOdacdOQ 10 Dr. tie LarrnUft N":irnlm', [ nt ■1M»\1
ea M^iiiiiiiw.' I.'wImih, 1C4K fte, I t»> -n»la-
; Captain IJnrirtn, of this important workj now ir.T<»t<d with u peculiar
lii!rfMt.
pf viable ultimate Sources oft/us Niitt.
199
Laccrda *ayft, '• From the information of tin: j»om|.|.; I ventur.
\ l!i:il il i* iimI Mr Zninbr/..-. i ir .my of its iufliKMifs from
the Sin (Shin!) river upward*. 'I'll •••■/a- of the Muizad
!• i iln* yi'jhi hand ox tboM craning it from l'« b and falls
into other Stream* ^ hut he make* MM OOOJ uioi) it d
in the lakes into which it runs. "Alauoel's party travelled
thirty dayi from the river I i the King's capital, crowed
doteri-f, .m<l -pent a day fording a lake ■ i n & p. This body
of water is drained l»y ftwo channels, one to tho Zamoeae, the
I < iili'l) pustK* t.h< HVVllI IV illlrlliV."
What bDfflM El iiIum'hI unintelligible, at leatC "it! i 11 r iuvn ui
knowlodgo, but :t i-- iir--iy oonflnnetar] ofwhol Dfi Living*
ttoao hat baud «> ren_-ntly.
In the further expedition to tho father of the < '
Mum -,o, to tho north-wcM, tno RRttfl Mnmn to
some of tin' nflluenu of th boapul i: §h ii could bo
demonstrated, as far as our impaiftet knowlodg© goon, flowi to
tin! ni<rlliTiwt and ctast.
By niiK'h tho most important ^oogrophieal exp&OEatian of this
- ./unfi v. next to that of J to Ldnngstonc, was thai made by ■
of the Portuguese Government in LT98-9, under l)c. r. J. 31.
do Lacerda e Almeida, who was no ordinary man. Be waa a
lir.i/iliun by birth, but graduated at Oouabra, where !»• became
e DootorPi Mathematical Ho wus.i| pofa t. d i fciono lc bofhe
Kinir nf I'.Mtni'al. mill left. LisUm in .biiiiioiy, 1 "SO, to l«y
•Iuvn tin lVinti.-r i:ii' od the peit South Anerieen colony,
lit; returned to Lisbon m 1700, and ufterwaidfl went to Africa,
l»v royal command, on ;i mission to tho '
The unpoxtaul : I t lefl Tetfc fat Qw
count r*. d the Oaeembe on Jul] 3, 1798. Hie object of
•1 noblo undertaking w»::, ii:j ho telle ne* to atOOVtafc ii
Central UjEsom contain! untaiu capable of eanding forth
IheCuiieno River, whkh full into the Atlantic B little Mow
Oabo Negro, and to find n, shorl and easy oommti over-
land from Portugal to the RiostaSaM* and. especially I
tin: iipoits oi i'liiiL'in ; ihoN infideli into the boeoni of the
Ghnreh in the Insfn ■ Uefa he hnedtohk i
bo followed in ease of hia own death, ho makes especial mention
nf the "Zambsna/1 reported by tin Pen ras; ami directs that
if it should iluw to ttio rit:ht, (that is, eastward) they would
do well to descend it to ascertain whether it fall?* into the 81
but if to the left :. it nmy be lb O rlTOI
which Dr. de Lacerda had ondearoured, unancccaeiuJJy, to ex-
plore, in L798, and then if i-; t'» b« followed down to He mouth,
a&d thoQOO B&d their way to Bcnguclla. Tho siuno method of
200 L'l,\Dl..iY on Dr. Livingston** lost Journey, and the
down with reaped bo uWiug; pate
ile- 0 capital
Dr. dfl 1 ncarda •■ Umnida mi moat Ltbarally sad hnn<ianably
treated by tin: Court oJ Portugal rol
the Ettofl do Semi, in llic captaiucy of Moxau ad had u
lb far ttxi huge te roofc an expedition. Pho wound in
aonunand waa •* chaplain.aad with him .-. .Iiauh
ni!it:iry rubor) inolei, Rve other officers, and fifty d
an wcort. Tun* largo and unmanageable i^irtv.
nvwl <i| |:< i .)■ ni .. ■ :■•■•(- .i- DO] I : - 1 ^ . i : 1 1 J ^i l i 1 1 m
Annoyance to tin* two loader*, and liuully thwarted
obiwrt of the mian'mii Lhal of oroa ing Africa ftom raai.
ii. wepedition rtartedj u before stated* on July 3, IT: is, and
reached the northern Aroangoa Ritci ol tbi cud of An^iut;
mi the 30th they reached the Bern Hue! -h he
i rj Anumnu. in li mi.iir < I tin- I'nncr. fixing u.-droaoinicaJlj
■a point about 70 tailed south-tiavtward of it. Maxavauil
Lit. 1'2'- '•■'<■. long. 32 14 I >". This very important po i
H-. .i panted olttB l<» tli«' oouno tahon by 1 1 - ■ • exped
and tho approximate position of the important film I
Jtlaxinga Ettngfeprol bly a continuation of thai rosi ■> Di
Livingstone north-west from Lake Nyaaxa, and which alee
mar be the dividing range of tho waters whii fa How toward*
tho /:.n. In-/. • on tllfl mhiiIi . paw through the
ubeft country to the northward. Dr. d* Lacerda afterwards
-jHiir. - ■'. iii- -iinl ringed country thfl) Uaverbud and
toa cold thoy mflteiod from, atldon Endlcatoi i loftj rogi< a,
Qn bur lUth May reached Uk uuitlirrij Xaiubexe
River, and Iuti- they inado aotno ^■•■'iiMphical difficult;
oraoti I te de taoerda: —
mm_, print nl •i..ir..- b lag to uLtoiu txaet 9 noelae
and tho diix«:tiou of all stri-atas crossed hot won To:. iad il.e CsrotpfeM
■m tho Utur to AnpoU, 1 laboured to oxl nation
from >nd irorn Monoid Cactnao IWiin, nmkitu
repeated and eominivd to avoid error* ufeingfroiD
At! in ! .. i*Atodijr ok.uk .; 1 X*mb«*ti(Ch*mb*M)a&6
Mm- EtUOUlUfl Ki«. i Ml. I . Hi I.I' . ' 1 1 1 I . hlltf tO Hit I SI.UlLo, !'«*■»
confirmed this iniormiUou, now wliioa. I inter that bo docs not
right from Ins Iclt hand."
in:
nifty (Sept. U, 1798) I sent to inquire about the coarse of tho Zambesi
of tundry Musauonmos, a tribo miaxd wttii tho Muizw, some tom&U ci
Caatnthv (Uuaavon my toJorfflanta) n indonoudeat : iff j*"nl that
iiir ad to tii' . 1 !.• -i'v >■! tho < '•*•< mbo,
liw worth of tholr jDCsrin..! .«.!., ffhloL al pfatoat I DoitD' ; diftinvB,"
Now nothing can be ni"i< i-ircuiuatantial ur direct than thi»
pmhnhlc ultimate Sourttt of th* Nth.
niiMi. that the riren which Gamh/to »ya firet How to the
n.uiii it .\ join rhut running northward past tli '
ritv — l!i'- Luaoulu Of QOMIQla ffitOT.
when thai h cotmecUa vita what ii related by Or. Livings
.■I. mi- . 111 flowing wettwud oron what Ii mobably
mm-a -c | ■■ j i of I lie ;i ' tfountfifflBj no
which .11 ■ill*:- oonfiraad by the aadoviati
lamed farther north, ii leema that it would be u perfeotlj fair
iaftranoe to state that Dr. Livingstone had seen : i a the
i one "i" othoi of (ha strcmna whs b Bow toward
ooantry.
33ft 0 of tho crossing of this north* ni Zai h; Dr.
i]c L:n'.'i<la i« weD Hattrtainsd, for dd Baptamba 21et,
-arda, ho obeerred an immersion of Jupiter's
tii . hi. . .>iur tin- ii.:i;-ituiif- .if ;;o r i.r k.,
thii w..- tn la. LC 2 i 39 . and was his laat astronomical
ouBCu.t' i Tho placo he colla ..M> i ' tnitto
iii. naxoa of ill'* village chief Whan Sfonterro Yas
Octobei I . 1831, it was called by the name Meaaitv
i hinmiha,*
Dr. da JjK'ri'ius farther journey to (he Gasatobe'e capital « a
iiiiu.ai.-.' nf iii.-i |wisona] rafiarin^BL Ba paasad neat to a great
- I. ft hand [w . which i"- k-<'" i-u11<mI Charaa;
but tldi was the came d the district (it is ntai called the Bhuia
i i id reached Lueends October 8 L798| iron cait whh
dotji Than died this most cxooilcDt Ban and
accomplished travdlar Bad his Uti baao man I. w« should
•ably liuvo bad a mob more perfect knowledge of the
r.tjihy of thin important region. IIim folio
returned to Totte under the guidance of the chaplain,
The next tun ■ ii. i - m this region who |
of the country arc Major Jose' Mono*] Corrva Moflffl i", as related
by Li u ion Stajoz L C#
■on i" i!"- capital vi lite Oasamb — Lundu or Lurnudu
■ to'a jt in- rary ia tittl more than a n <
of the oven and bilk the] crossed; bui Km othai geogro]
ra found. This mi ig ma let on fool
friuiilar cause to that of Dr. Lacerda. Toward* the clow of l&'JO
a oatiU of ' • tn m< arrived :it TeH * with ivory for Bala t This,
led the governor of Sana to appoint the ab<»v -suimm- \
• -O Miuu Cawrohe,' p. I9G.
t *0 Muaia Ckunibe, o «t |>otw, fco, 4a Africa Auitral; Diario<lu Exp
I'ordigneia oommflniUiiu pdo Ua|cv Mao rfro, « r«cligido pi-lo M»jor A, C P.
Gamittfi. LUtiia, imi.'
; 'U Muiiu ('.i.-.i'iiiUi-,' jt. A\iii.
202 FiM'LAV OS Dr. Livimittuiicx last Jounict;, aiid lite
this embassy. Th«y : t i r t I JlBM I. 1881, and followed the
.11' peseta! line at match described by Dr. •!" Law
On Sfptnulx-p I :»th fncy ■ •»■< :■ ;i-i; tli«' S.-rrn Mtixnipi, --u' 1< .1
by Mr. de Leoerda Huchiugua, Mid named by bun the Qm
i. No wtimato is given of nitmt
be ouxediugly lofty, for on the mood bVy of taeiraeoesl ihry
marched a league, continually asoendinir t<> ').<• ridge of tho
mountain, whew ufl posswus*" d n l>y mi inum-iuc rook,
lil<«> ii parte! to tin? ilefilf. Th»* iliivi'l rout* lttj tJ 101 gfa B
natural apfitinv, 2| fed . in this rock, orolso around
it, over n IrrnM. .nil doORVTOUfl prenpicr. Tin's pn.-ut.-d. tliey
came upon a difficult and elevated dieert country, whore
suffered much J'rorn
On their retain Ihey reached tho Bern Ma d August
10, 1832, and give n !< <>u»t of it. It stands as it were
iiltuii* n-ih" ..i mice thniptly und vi-ry Mi'fply fnmi tbi? Ubhv
hmd. but tni\LT..-- an i:n:< .!■:.! 01 eOUntrj. It was
«\Miriulnl to rvurh mi i-lfMiliun ulxive the sea of a league (Fa*-
-so, « about 19,700 foot), [tl bond ■ tij ulway*
i'ii,l-. |,i. ( ,, f Boon "i ioe m i - viable or
bal Tha height probabi; .■:■■> &ti I. bu1 GaooJtto
savs that it ia by much tho most lofty aammrl in thi i
Africa, and hai precjpioei of a prodigious height. \' i
m06l i | [; to the li-.rHnvttnl.t
1 ' i October nil they reached the River Ghiunbexi, called
tfcfl Dfttma I ■ : iy rapid stream rm i - tho wan-.
irhere i tormidi no i u iei ; bat Honii iro thought it might
i the Zambese. * There w oothing, then, in their diary
thai rnilrtatos againal tha results of the mm b more •
itHjiiinr- iu;ii!>> 1 i v f >r <ll ccnlu.
\\ itliour ti l! tellers further, or further alluding
i" th they passed, or thai ol tf< b »:oi to tha
Cazembe capital, it may Lu aeocptod a« a general eoneli
from tln-ir c\i'Ii.i»i . , tinit th \ from the DOJ "f the
Lake Xytuitt, ami northward of tho mount ai
skirty th. . Ue lakes nt the I.nuda
capital, and then, n Efc ys, to the i latwanLJ
To these teetimontca fro must add the aor ivi ml
Dr. laviugikiDa A- baton quoted he hai eal pain
to aauertain boa the tamlled Balnea and Ami -ha*
poaedtl'.' ahdut the ri'iiiiii j in r.'iin.
• 'O Mii>to CuKimtw,' pp. 170-1 r.-.
] It 'i i p 109 t Ibid, p. 4-17.
4 Sea * Proceedings, ' ikm. *ol. vi. p, sts. X)f. Kirl .- i— itat 1k*
l>»puln l!u»» uurth iuu> a »nmll bit.
probable ultimate Sources of if* AVfr.
208
yood > 13m Liulatn is arid loflon iir-» Lhfl Loapola; tto
i n, .a i ',. of beattAff the nccuracy of tlic ui.-lh'i. it mi Mwjt«i
tlit \vk(ci of tin? reputt round tin (own u( tho OucuiUj Ikiv •
el (Ztunbtt)), uWf ri.in&rkcO, with n sruilcs 'He
0T« lirar BQ0B ikiukom?'
. U lu Uiftt effect. 'J 1 .* ir '...'-i' || ..: no* ..jkv i total
without any Anther oommottl ih.m Lea by tho Ambaitrul
. ' that tho LuapnU is twice or<«od on the w*y to tho Cnzcmbc'i ;
■ ivo noror found any difficulty from tlio alleged
iac»[a i n'-^ro to Icll ijariwrBOl
Altix ttgfa it u a _rr.it t> i /Invay with tli'' Arabs and
- mm \'a ■!, .|.. an t raveller has passed north-eastward of the
Oosocabc^i city.
To carry toe argument that the mtan How north-east*
father, we derive aomo information from anotfaei region, that of
Lake Touganj link
All \' -l •• |M ii i • oatta h priftv to iIim
first East Ainra expedite a, and Information given to Ooptfiio
iirtou. and every paEna talon both by that traveller and Dap
Speki wl be country, only !■ ion —
I l^uigonvika IaIm n river, &g Rii:i:ti!;-,\;>
orliarasgQi nua mUo H : and it b only of lata that uuy thoory
has made ii run out* and so join ih Like, there n
i ignore i w of my perUcolax of the groat
jriku Laki than waa acquired in too Knl ai d cs Ij
ii February to U £ ; and a* tho geographic!
lai qq < tl ■ ■■■■ .uui Important body of wotes to A&
-in •!.■ and rerj questionable observation,
nfow brief though well known, paxticol tn an bora oStod.
Tin* tir*!, East Africa expedition, not out by the Royal Gao-
yraph sty in October, 1S5<S, was organ r ed an<l arranged
i Barton So ™ joined bj Captain Spoke a1 Galr©,
n! . r, i 3! 5, and limilly len Zaufbarfbrtibe interior in.'
S57. This fine undertaking was most inadequately subsidized.
>nly 10001 ':i- supplied dj tin Qownmont, through the
i outset, and SdOK on their retain Dta rest
0( tin Ii .I (■ DO/ , w.is il< lr;i\.<| juilltN h\ .'■ ' ■
■
It. soi & dad beyond i ipectati n, md ? think thai 1 am war-
i:mt«<i En ■' '' there aerer e m u • p dkw i basod on
Qi fa limits* i mi .ii-, Ii .ni rutir- !y
n'e* ami flnfl Mw.rrtainnl,
to tii. I; u< -w !■ '{•:•••. of ■ ii iluEcd man woh n harrest
inform atioa on almost • vi-y branch of interest. The totio-
phyof Captain Bpeh i u wondoriniiy p cfoot, ■■ ogliis
• ■ The ZamWil aad Its TrftiutirieV |.p. 532, 133.
20 1 Fisdlat on Dr. Livirxgtiotxt Lai Journey, and tif
A mean* of observation; and the 2fflh tolttn
(vh Jouniul euutaina a waatorpieco of d< geo-
graphy.
Dckyi -I. tonnontod, ■ !• r rt. d, fend robb ait escort and
pari y, with health broken by the deadly bilious romittcnta of
tin- i o r^ ntningUil On *•■- n^h tabic-
land (2500 U>3 L) between tlw coasl . a o U
and Bah : . and reached thf m of Mu*kit
Amfei at Kaxi-u in I liv.in-,. oafc d itwini
welcome. Thi» «h- mi Xn\-Miil)*'r Vi b id at the a i
tioa of aboul i well kept panuk *nd oWarrar
iJuus i tn tills pari of i lie route ura peife -\\\ satisfactory.
About thU time, I believe, for the record is lo*t, thoy broku
tl>e£r truttwortirj hypaometricaJ apporatn.% and enftij
Lud t o ■'• i ■ :i ii tnoh low perfect instruments.
' i 1 1 < ■ > mm too long dela} by soro illncxb an
llteyoould atari Iba anal caini bad aei in. Codex llteae* most
adra coaditioi - did ih' braw inn tmuJ' on down tfca
peatUorooa couno of the Hal River. '
i by tbe climate nod «ea*on that he i><
and Captain Burton became partially paralysed ia the
extromlllea, ■■■ thai be bad to bo earned in
• lake. Ibay teat In d Djiji. on tho abort ■ nyifca
hike, ilicti Mt m for thn first tiiiu*. nu February iMh, l8.r>S. A
i^i ol OofM1 bin Bp ko, with what bo doacrJlH
uw iv ;i ' batfa" tLenaotDeler, gave as the elevation of Uw lake
ISM feel, lint tlii:- tlirrim in. t< r read 211 instead l>\ '
when brought down to tin- oast oooot again. Captain Spi
second <* lition will |M-vhap8 indicate when tho indoz i
which aubeequeiatly increased to tins treat extent, l-eeamo
sensible. Thea vas onh ana lunar observation taken it the
loogiti I jjp which point detonu n I v position of ih<*
hike, jiinl thi* was discarded, .mi] tin position laid down fSrntn
dead reckoning; butl believe that if cannot L> Hot
■ n- rgetii ally toe intrepid travellers essayed, without sure -
i the oora i i"; ol the lake, ami thus solve the great secret,
haa boon often told.
They had, however, soon what appeared tit La tho cud of
tr 9 BL and llu- impressions then received were
pltti ad "ii the iii.ij) Nil. I Ia ( upturn S|nl.i-.
'I'll.- noeral oharaotez of Tanganyika Lake, us aa - n
"I- • rv.ii-.oai .i id fag hoanaji vaaaa follows: — From Ijijitotbo
"ul, aa faraa u-a< lean, nai about 100 geogr«]i:i
Captain Burton eatimatedi from report, tlwt <i ■• mil«
from 1'jiji to flw aoath end, making it. 2Sn miles in l« i
•.■'« mapa a&tood tliis oonsidcrably.
prctxtlle ultimate Sottrxes cf the Nik,
205
south end 230 mile from I ag in
-. Bu —-M>. I man abridg - thin to bit B? B'«
AM pabK bod map raduoei it bo lot. i 45', lifco Captain Bur-
ntunati . Tin.- ttonld bi? uithin 80 or 1CH » mill - 4' I m ■
the Caaembe capital.
It a 'vidrntly v. r\ fan, but no rounding* could bo tokda
h. ii' ;« :i i-. ■■.i;i !:•. nr . \ i-irii,',- .,smi. of ;mi;. nj" Ii-vt-l.
Tbc general fonnotiQB suggests the idea of a volcano of
iloprc'KMDii. iini likif flu- Victoria Nyati/a or [Tkttrifwoy B vail
rosorToir, formed by the drainage of mountains. Judging from
the eye, tin- Vftlb of this baun rise in an almost continuous
ii. rarel} I Bad infracted, to '2000 or 3000 foet nl
ill. w.itoT-lcvcl. Thi water appeon it licioQa^ nraefl and pure,
Tin [M-n|.]r lioiveviT, who drink i willingly, prefer the vftttog
from the little springs on its shores, and m! o that bom Nyaua.
. _• . : - U, i orii.il-' Iin-tnl and !■ ■nliiiT."
'IIk- prindpal riven tow the Mnlnpirozi, which rim m
Qsfasa, audi altol a cooreo of abmit 260 W 'J GO miles, falls into
the •■■ »f tho hike. 16 mfloi I" l< ■•',■ I |ijL The Ma-
li. 01 EUinaTIgWft, of which Uu-ution lias boon niadi-, nnd
which is ab ml 8 pal in Tolome t«» the Malagara/i 90tea it from
tho WAW. or ?* u'li w.-.-it at it:i KNttbOBUaOll »'Xtr«Mnitv, and is
almoeJ onriaiul) the same river m the. Luapola, vrhiofa pa
north-east oi tb l uembo o nhaL
Tim third river, which EsKud to ba lazgor than AoUanmgu
garaxi united, is the Kusizi. ai its north and. Until
Barton '•■- rWtod Uvira .»t tie north end, &pi I
1856, all testimony unvaryinglj stated that it raaOUl of the
i ifc . i' iiiv on Uub Maun* did th ijf beer, from the
nf in- local chief; Manilas, that if no WTO the Uka.t
Thoir lawless crew OJ onroly Wajiji savage* would not alio*
h' (ii to go to it, and thus baa tlic most important question
remained a matter for dispute and discussion nil the preeeni
<lay.
UpOB this information uu-l upon tla- mipposn! ili'DTOnJOO of
the lake b low the lamia to the northward. Captain Barton
■iri'in r! (hat i: W8SI lt31 lake, QUI M it I. mi! an ml ri
In tin- many OOU ' had with 'Vj.tmn Sin -ki» on this
topics it w th Captain Burtoo, ahortlj afti r then return,
i BOdoaTOOBOd to combat thin v-i-.n*, boJ at th:it time
in entire ignorance of tht Bpp i coven of toe White Nile,
no aoluii'»n wild 1« round for what seemed to bo then an
insnpccal ■'■■ Ity.
i sal/ vol. zjcuu i*w. p *3». &c.
t Btt Capi. Uuriou, bi 'Journal/ vol. xiet., U'.fi, p. 4.
906 FIB i A3 on Dr. Livingstone* kut Journey^ ami the
That an inland sea, of such magnitude, rotttiving the drainnp
of nob a crcat exti-nt of or*" \ '" "' the
evaporation oears a large proportion to th« rainfall, J
mctodiblo thai it;; waters ahotld be mBSE. In tlx
ami abuse its formation, ii miul ban I inna aalioe, IU;>
i tea IS -as an extreme caso, or tho Gaep ir, or Um
ra Lal.r of Dr. Ln Iho deep waters of which are
brackish, and taste like a weak solution of ICpsom R*It*_ I
known lake without an outlet w, 1 belicre, oi the muoe
ml varying b hi level.
If tliid bo granted, ns I presume must bo dono by ©roey
i.ipiirr, i'iiiti- aro nnly thrtm unlntion* to thu unoL
First, that it lias an outlet" to the Indian Ueean south of th*
route of tho two Kast Africa earoodiUone; or, secondly,
leae rrwa nmi to ;Uo woatwar*!. forming an affluent of
Congo, or other large Atlantic river; or, Thirdly, that it drains
aOrtaiwdg I' which argtunant tin i i -i i irk .
In tho tot plaoe, its outlet cannot ran towards th< I
Ocean, I ■ the northwavd of the parallel of it* southern and, for
that region ivn.i perfectly explored bj Burton. LudGraL
;i Uivor. which * li hniirli^ in lat. S'-' 0' s„ Las not toen
oraxnipWi but it- known character will not admit of auch a
RlppoaitiaxL I course, known as the Kunhu, traverse*
the roland desert only in lie rainy season, and the space
between its occasional sources, and tho south end of Tax
lji\iv, la eonetaaftly tiwwead by i In * Arab caravan* pai
from Zanzibar towards Lucctida, for ivory, and Kit
Kit; i In, south of tin- ( 'i/miln - I'm copper. The*
a shallow mom=u or Ldu-, the Rukwa lagoon, which, at ti
joins the Tanganyika Lake. No rive i ,> m— <■>:. TU ui. .li.,,
whose mil sources an Ktill unknown, is nor peeeei It ciumul
til' II r III ( il-'.tUiLnl.
Tho second alternative is tint ir drains to the m stward, '>r in
other words, that it oitlur • ■nntuiri. tho .-.-nim -'1 tl
.■•!■,.•<■ nioutji :-- LlOOioQea bom lb western shon of tho labey
or that tho witters flowing westward arc imally absorbed by
eraporaitiozL To oombattEeee viewa with the u< I nmnd
would lead far beyond the limits of this paper. Suffice it to
»T) thai v. uil routes to the westward of tho rangnnvik .
only negative t!ii*, bul also would utmost provi- that tte w\
low iwo ;'n UbOj lb .^roat distance will present now the-
EnOfl cogent nrgninonf. BgBJ while WO Imvr the third,
tii.i' the EtneM After is an effluent
1'h- riiiKo poiut 1 would in»ist on is this northern outlet of
tin lnk.<
The additional knowledge- wo now huvc places this waiter in
jmtbubh ultimate Sourcei ti/'tlv Nile. 207
a very different pc~itn.ii to what it wan in 1859, and according)
I aoir iivtr that, if QUI late data lx» eorreet, there eon I-
Mion lo the Nilo <i>K*tion. I will niuno tho difficulties
as they id.
An. r Burton and Spoke bad Bnhad their i n ri
Tanganyika. ..ml U'conto somewhat improved in health I a f licit'
rte; "i nearly three months on tho Like, they returned, with
moans itli . inr.tcdp to Kazoh; and here Chptain B]
quit noovered from his partial bHadnee^ andiron th.- e&cti
'•:" a small in. ti«. which penetrated ku ear, and suppurated
:i».'u. completed tin- rough outline of their rooto^ and forwarded
it to England, with the map Na t, ■ thai they 00n*
I thai ilu T;n: ■.: lyito continned to a valley ojn
n.nw. Captain Bpeka, leaving Burton to projMN in their
return march, then started for the northern or I'krrewe Lake,
July 9 h hi.: on '.ti'ii:! Sid observed it to be hdgber than
Kaseh, or 3,710 foot. This, also, ma mi im| ill, from
the defective thrniiiiinrii'r. Ki ' ii. ■;. odleotad
thr> remnant of thnr ptOpOlty, ond rotraood fchoir *tcps to tho
coast
korewo, or Victoria Nvanza, Captain
;1iv convinced that thifl wee (he true ind wify head
ol the Nile. 1'hnt it ifl one of these reservoirs, no one oan
4 Mil. i. Cm ;n to account fur the supposed southern flow
of the ELuxizi River, he tfcrtw tin? range of lofty mountalni
around tho hood of the lake, and between it and liia own Lake
Vi toria, ■< b i stance of 160 t«< l"" mflee to the Dorilnracd
nivlv hypothetfcal n Ihey were never seen or
In ,u il i.if. Their n iauon to die ffa -t map, s>'ui -n't< « tin h return
from ikn, may DO ; ■< n l»y re|V-n nee to sketeh No. 2,
which i p in ■ d on tin ullul on tin.* pap* r.
The Becond Bast Lfrice i tpedition, under I {pake and
'..r nrccdecly uv raw ground that the I i I had
done, except when aroozing the lofty ■■"■ \irivcil at
the upper plateaOi we Una that th • thennoatatrio ob*orv*tiona
in the second expedition, ai compared with the fUfc ;.ive a
lower alevati m i aboul 8C0 feet, to the country up to wi
40 miles of Kozoh, their crucial station, bur here tho second
I the iir*t bj about 100 feet Ir. b probata
therefore, that hereabout the instrument* in the Hret expedition
■:. In t'.iil
It has been objected that those absolute and indopeiui aai
obearratlcmfl bj the thenuouutej involve a fallacy, as the
rel thus shown must !>■ dependent cm the varrtng
pressure of the atttkOlplMte : hut to thin may be replied that
208 Fltolav on Dr. L. B l /atf Journey, and the
this region is so near to the equator, Out the diurnal or secular
in trh at d minimum, .jiai thai
whole range, except >' pel nee or 1m does
■nit exceed o rary&w tcntha oi'on inch in tJ iumn
(iMicli tenth of an inch reprffeentrrtg 85 feet of devotion); urn!
that nil the "I'-'Tv.itioiis relating to this point wen I
liinlfj lie IBiaO i ■!,-»'!: 1 11 : . . ffosl 0 1 1. 1 in I;. AtJV lut i-i
moat not be demanded for them — at beet they can be but
approximations.
Captain Spoko made the el ration of the north sid
Wt trie Nyanaa (in his second expt dition), to bo 132
i ii : * ? i ;n tiu- Bret; end between this point and Gondokoro be
made TO B Othtt olMcrvutiuiif, to ivhieli I whdi to <lniv
attention. Ike fir&t u n«u Kamrasi's Palace (Luluga), 2866
f-'-t : ih« v-veond at the Kurmn.i Fall*, 287U foot; Uin I
£outh Lolaae, between Kuniiiut Falls and Kamraais, 2901
nn<l I'airn, 18 miles south "'" tin junction of the Vgun River,
8feei (Sir Sattlu 1 Bi I I thatthi N aing from
tl Uberl Kj una, ia uavigable as Ear as this, am
they are on the en level.) Finally, ' iondokoro was mad
208 I i shore the sea. Captain I Lkennoiiu
I beli'-v. «nre not btosghi homo, and therefore, their index
sren probably oonaidi noble, cannot now be ascci*
loaned. But they are all felaiiTBtoeach other, and one common
correction would apply to filL
Captain 8peke beard of the Qreat IaJcr, Uj tlie wisctwai
K;iTiir:i'-jr, Dn06 QXplOTOd bj SlT Samil' i
an I ii;iiihm| \>\ liim tin- A 11m rt N\.m;.i, This lake was also
Bed tO 1" h .Inn .1 tin: • urn- |x>; itiou by Mr. Petli
from inforuiation privon to him by his man Mussaad, who -
southward to within (bur day*' march north-wesi oftho north end
<>! the iakc it was aldo announced by L>r. Pcney, Mj
1801; Ik1 had thwi gnr beyond tin cataracts of MTakndo
heard of it. Bis death prevented his exploring it. 31. Di
wa*> i i with liim.
In addition lo tha lake, Captain Spoke places another, the
BnaU Lakci at the dintarros of 11" miles due mirth oi tho north
. ■■ ti* mity of ti i Thi'im;. I I ■ ■onnoet* th«>in by the
Ruxm Kiv.-r, which pns** t.hrou-h I /il" country. Tin. Kii-izi
Lake, therefore, lies En die heart of the mountains he inferred
net in 185
Tin- Dames tlffii, Buna, (Toga, and ITaige, which are pis
on thin lino by Captain Speko, havo a pjreat resemblance to each
other.
Mr. Consul Pctherick reached Gondokoro February 20th,
probable uHimato Sources of the Nile.
20!)
mid buuU the elevation by tbannomatar l>- l'. (three
CbflftrrationM 1268 fi»t, n r<-:uarkuble OoiBdcteBOO VitJb
C 1 1 mi i SjieWs — they are identical.*
Mr I '■ il.-ri -I; gnvr n Mimlnr tbormomoter tfi Sir Samuel
Iiakcr. who had armed at QondoloOXO a fttH day* pn ri
and tail ilao baa boon n turned and te*ted,t so that its error,
In npplic ition ol' flu- .lill« i not onh
ii i. -ulis. bul will also test and correct those which can be
-in, .■!!', c n&eoted with it
Sir Samoa) Baker and hk tad) aaoanrtorl the rivara ou the
track which had boon descended by Captains Sj>ekc and drant;
ami wiih thi* tin OBOmi fti i of Mi. QaffeHa't lie oWrvrd tko
ide at the four places I have mentioned above as having
>l..i tyiiI by Captain Bpektti For the sake of comparison
placed (with <;niuli»lioro i in jii\ thOflfi
of Captamfl Spoke and Grant h oae of
.Sir Sjuiiiu'I Hakrr, with thu-r lin.il run riinih ill IctnuiM on
at Earn
■n . .. Sir S. Itiux IHffirmc*
I.iilu^i (Kamnul's) .. 2550 ft. Mrooll (Jo.) >■ 40«,i ft. 1309ft
EtnmaFiUj .. .. 2»to swo low
«. Lulu^a i006 -406C 1140
1'nin :. (K.NiUM*ar) .. »TM 097
Oo&dokttft.. .. 1901 tin km
M««n of th* Etc difference* Iftoa ft.
We have thus a clear difference between Captain Spake and
■Sr Samuel Bohor of 1000 foot, ut nearly, or <|inV, tii" saoio
fins may teeni i » In- a way large proportion of the
nu : but it should be remembered thai even is
hist • 'i'i:clokoro» it has been thought necessary to ndd
TOO Am»1 lO the result obluinwl by Mr. I' .-rtime
instrument.
This difference of lootj feat must ttienftm be rfther *uo-
ona Sir Samuel linker's elevations or ■ i Captain
Spoke's; one *>r the othei will [/rem the point I wish to i
on i;<
'11 this correction re«n'uhin tin
in Captain Speke'i i ipeaition, bat it will apply '•
■ node in tho fir*t, 01 the .tucond passed owr Hh: auino
-iiiiimI.
It bo b ii said above that i'no second expedition nadc
Kazefc 92 feet, a* u mean higher than did tlie Hi :. T! i
■
DM
• Mr. IVihi-ricK'< obMrvniiuiis nrr ghen in xlic ' Journal/ 186fi» Tol. xxxv.f
t S* ' ■' M .'1' II 19, vdli ux-.:„ p. if-. vbSft SirS. Baker'* etacrritiou
,, . ■ ■. | . .i t u,i ,civv*iig»ied by Mr, Duck in.
voi. asm. t
210 FiNDXiAY an Dr. Livingstone's last Journey* and the
i.in- obftdrvatSoa at Tanganyika must uUo bo brought b
it ma iiunl" bj iln i ii ii ii^iriiuHMit. placing it st 181 i bed
Sow as Captain Sneke's measurements throughout aro
-i.-t. i.l with wiili otlier, if .v. .u.-[.t thftn on correct* it is
perfectly possible for Tanganyika Lake at 18-1 1 bet to How into
Qoadokoro at 1208 foet» past ftfn at 1793 foot olevetiofi.
Hut thru Sir Samuel Baker makef tin- Albert
olovatod 2730 bet Jf W6 take Captain Spoke's observations as
•i.iliis most In- ml uc.nl In 17'Jti fret, ulrulinil with Ciuitmn
Bpeke's obenfatlani at Pair*, nearly or quite on the lake -{
Or, a li.it la much more reasonable, we most apply the known
etiou by Sir Samuel linker's thermocauter to Captain
Spoke's bbaocvatin odknowledged to be imperfect; this will
Tanganyika Lake up to 2844 feet, or 124 rrai ittVW
THE AXBBm iNvas>:a.
Either of them \ iwn will ijuit*- d> h-rniim- tin- < ji: ration as to
the PosfeiciUTY of Lake i'aogenyika being oonnoctod with the
Albert Nyarao.
Without claiming for those hypsoTnotrieal observation*
refinenu ■m— they can be: butaiinplc approximation i and putting
aakla minor <irflereii'''s. ii nmy In- hrondh stated that these
groat western lakes arc on tfic same level.
It It not neoewary linrn to appl) this renwoning Lo (In* - 1
elevation of the Victoria Xyunza, though of course it must fall
into the saruo category, lor no oue can doubt but that the waters
upLttin Sp<*k'" to How from the direction of ila nortl
•ide finally i oter the Nile.
Haviiig ditpoeed of tin question of cdovatlon, tlic m
is thogL'ourn|<h:r.il \- itiouol tholekee. This is must ei:n pi-.
Captain Spake beard En 1861-2, of a lake, the 1C ■
north of tho Tanganyika Ijike, and lying between hit i lade*
1° and 2° s.. wcatwanl of the loftj Mfumbiru Peak.
Sir Si l IK Baker sailed down the north-casteni side of the
|>a*i ii ■■ abrupt el iff* of granite and gneiss, rising abruptly
(rotD the water u I 00 and 1500 feet high, and heard
King I\hiiirn*i and many natives that it win well known n* Car
I between latitudes 1" ami 2° a., when ii. Lurua to
wardf the extent being unknown even to Id . king of
KaxagwA
I'lu^ enorraou* lake, thux at leant 260 miles in length, emho-
ttomed in lofty mountuiiuion either hand. extendi to ind -overt
tli«' *ite of ill-- Kuriizi l.nke, heard of hyi upturn Speke, and
passes over hi.-* mountain* of 1 Bl
NViio, then, eon doubt, if the data we thmsoss be worth any-
thing, but that they arc one and the tame tafco i
probable ultimate Source* of the Nile. 211
I therefore daitn for Lulu- Tanganyika, as 1 Aid m 1859, whan
I bcliovo I stood alone, the honour o"f being the sovthernmost
BYOtft 09 THE Nile, until n more positive i-viil»*iic*4>p by
actual observation, shall Otherwise? determine it.
The points, then, which I hateendeavuured to [irate are: that
Dr. UnngBtOQO, by dm-numing the division of UB trgtOT-flow to
flic westward of his Nyussn Lata-, in September. IHrili, hud pn>
bablv reached miine of those occasional stream lot* which feed tho
wile:
Tint in luV hist journey, by continuing weslwanl. be had deter-
mined that no /<i*yi riv.r entered the north end of the Nysuwa
Lake, and therefore determined the watezafaod between tin? Nile
and Zambesi systems.
rii.it til evidence acquired by the Portuguese travellers, read
in the lij-Tlit brought to tln» suhjeH by reeenl investigation, tends
to tho certainty of the truth of Burton and Spoke's assertion,
that (he water sn£ n (he south Mid of !RinguiyiKB Lake.
i Sprke's sin^lo observation ...• lo the dovadanof
that liik«- i* iitobaoly erroneous to the extent de\ error
shoved bj i. is chennomel tt on the lea-ihort, 2 . equal to about
101 0 E i i. and that otb nriae, it' sir w;. Bakert observation! and
informntjoti hi- enmel, Iik Alborl \y.ur/:i lu.nM flow to the
southward, the contrary < I whii h he bos prorod
Tin irei-K nf tin- Nil'- tini-st. l>e looked for in the moun-
tains west, and north-wc«t of the Nya- a I .;.!.-.-■, ->r in tin- ^reat
Berra M uchinga of the Portngneai tj reUcrs, between 1ulmu.Ii -
11° and i.' s.; thus adding 000 miles to tin- known course of
that wonderful rim, to which OCM b » V >li,eovcry adds a new
btorc
The final solution of this most ancient and most intcrceting
iirnhli in would Indued bo b geographical triumph, 1 earnestly
that it may be claimed soon by the Boyd Qeogmphicd
Soolety, which has done so much to clear away the dark cloak
of m which it was enshrouded tei ago.
But ll:« i' ia another aspect in which the inquiry would place
itself in a prtetlca] lense, and this to many maybe considered of
grcati i i than the Bolutiou of an abstract geographical
Iiroblem To what good can h\u\> t discover) i» applied? A
BW word, will I think, demOOSt rut.- this.
* The Irajrrh of the Nile's course from Uondokoro to it* rooutli. following iu
in i'i"! -iiiMi--. il kbOSl —**-'• ' ICiifnvbla mile* (ur 2760 UrilisJi uikla). l'i»iu
Goodoluiro, near lo which, it wiu generally argued, tea vcurs up>, that the
• .ntlii iniii-'.f h "I «f tlu Xilt; would DO foutnl to tho suulo «od of Tunj? I
L«l(r. m R.'in pt^igraphi.i mile* -ir •uwi |:nti«li m,lf» i. It (he HWTQI he near rhf
HutiK- t mu#t be'ijOjeoumphbMTi.i,^ orSllBi run her
kouili. |0 UUI III luul course mil tx 3SUO gcogrjylnc, ci 4000 Uia'ol; imla
— •luio»l uuujirullclcU hy *ny ullicr river,
•el
212
Kim n, at on Dr. Livingstone* fart Jvnmry.
At present the commerce of (lie Upper Kilo is tran*por
■ as far as Gondokoro, ami fftllftH a few miles abov.- it.
It' this branch of the (Jrcat .Nile be navigable »;>uthwurd from
ili.- Kakadoor Apuddo Cataract*, down tin- Albert Iska I
southern end, a aistanc© of 400 miles, and if th
h- ,i continuation of it, at the same lore), Efe at present ap]
it B ■ ■ I thiN BAvipiblo part of the? ITppcr Nilv Kir
i farther, to the bead of tbe Tanganyika Lake, and to within
a lew ouIm of the great African capital of tin • * i .'_ i
the ohief iv- ty niurts, and also near to Kitanga or Kitutu, the
OOp-pOX iii.irl,
\\ 0 | Ih.ulti bftTC thus an additional 750 «r W mike of water-
caTria; ' lor tlial oommerce which ought to Ihj tin1 I >* -1 pione i
of civilisation in these otherwise uunpproachabh
I- v reOMlfl of shallow draught, impelled by eiteani or anil, ■.
intercept Tin' whole 0* to8 Iniiiic which is no
the greatest vigour between the vast and entirely unknown
tin] i In- infamous slave-depots on the shores «il tin Indian
Ocean.
[a nil kaovD, the chief article uf the export trad- . ■ '..
would 1)0 nearly worthless in the interior without selling aaa
ria?e the porter who bring* it to tin: cnM. I>y diverting ilm
dual ilc : ■ :i he jn • i .- imi-«Ii waid, to the Egyptian poets at Gondo-
■ i.r rlscwhnv, wo, as a nation, could luivc von much mor*
Enflaaoce in ropreou'ng the trade in Ihti human portion of it than
j iiov > i^t the well-known ports of Mombas, Ib< .*,! u:! ,
and iiiMny othei notorious ploi i
Ii byflathct exploration it could bo determined that such a
lino of navigation ie practicable, and which would bo t ran* verse
to that now cjiri'i ad on, commercial enterprise, in soma form,
might Boon bi established there. This would cut off the
trade &vm between tit" Bwtern couutriesaiid the mast,
XL — Afcftf en ///# Human ttartours en the Coast of Manchuria.
l\y Ear. \V. V. Lloyd, h.n., r.n.a.&
, Juoc24, 1807.)
On the 20th .,t .l.ily, isoo, ii.M.s. fitySa, Captain Courtonay,
left Nagasaki, Japan, Miili orders to w-it the different Uitgsian
settlements on the east coast of Manchuria, from tin soul
boundary of their late acquisition of Chinese U nitory, I
in. n " [Qrer, to Castries Day. alontf the rhalia
to the ranjnglj unruled "boundary fon the 48° parali
latitude) between them sod the Japanese: also tin? ports of the
LLOYD'* Notes on the Russian Harbours of Manchuria, 219
lattor on the west coast of Sakhalin below the above iKirallel of
latitude! and in Aniwa Bay.
\Vc Iflt Na^ixoki Harbour in n perfect torrent of rain, with n
hoad-wind and sea. under steam; and we were eoinp-'Ib i lv tin-
thick nc«u of the weather to pass .iiiUiuV the "GotO* Island*,
TLe weathermen t inn. -l (hi I;, with heavy ram. Qntfl W reacted the
latitude of Ghona Hatixmr En Doras b1 tin- northern ooril •«!'
the w strait. Tin; harbour \\< <li. covered b] BtOBgh
.!! October, 1797. The regnlai inbabftanta om
UUJ SOOQ, and occupy bar villages at tho head of tin-
hour; but during the fishing 90000x1, En autumn, all <'■;
to crowd to the coast in pursuit of the "ribbon" ' Ifi Hit
native* O&JO] t&C reputation of hi ing QOfay, nirtv, and I
tiii< w- 'i\ni 1m then by those who hui oasnalK have rioted
i!n. pari -•: the ooast. 1 pon the femolo portion 1 1 tin
1:1 u -lily Ml Bfl i" devolve tin- riiv cult i vat ion. I ulhei ie
or permission of the Japanese, they resort daring the
summer month.** to tho inland of Tsu-aima, whan good wood
ii f ship-baildinff abouuds. to build their junks, which, with the
exception of n WW iron clamps, arc wood-fastened, an<l of nngoa-
Soned timber. This part nt the OOtRt of OoMtt ■) destitute pf
wood for this purpose*.
At Ob 1 lie Imiir a colony of aliout 300 Japanese military
men littbameetablJahod tinco lie time ol i\.iki>*«una; and from
all wc could leam this seems to be tlir- only result of the Jutter's
enn(|ito*t or temporary occupation of the >■■ nth-eastern coatl of
Corea. No one seems to hate heard or tefin anything of a
nose in the noightiourhood of the Tu-im n Riven 01 DortborO
ii. u of the country. I'll. • iainihe:i Of thetO "J " are
hind OB the opposite island of Taii-sima. Tin 0a
!•!.'• :i H'tm what different nceonnt of th< nature of thai Japanese
BettfettMnt at Ohoean. They admit that they are tributary to
tile Emperor of < hina, and that the annual embassy to the court
si r kn ir (be beacon of the coveted treasure* of ginseng
and s«Mes, hut. ihev st'iutij deny a similar relation to tbe
1 inumj of Japan. They, moreover, insist that tho J ipanenfl
are tributary t" ileii- Emperor at rVane-ching (in Gateau Beonlf
«.«*., ching or court), the capital, and that the latter Prince
upixiiiiti .11. ambassador to the court of Yeddo on tho accctaion
of a new Tycoon. Tafko-snma's boasted conquest is by t
construed into a disastrous defeat, the result ot which in thnt, as
nn evidence nr oxniniuce nf future pacific relations, hn: I; to
the above number of Japaneso ore bound bj treaty to a nor-
petoal ri ■r.idcnce at Chosan, where they are as closely win
and restricted in oomfnarce as were "tho l>uteh formerly at
Decimal
sit
l.LOVD'/ Note* On the Jituurian Harbours
I lin exists some doubt as to the poeitioi
Wang-dung, S«ml. or King-ki-tao, tho capital of Corca.
Bbw* Atlas gfvei tlio lattor numc, which is reulh that of (he
province in which il is situated, as tho capital, win i>
is rightly pUctd on ttu north side of thn Him Rfvor, which
empties itself en 11k: wosi con I into tin Y How S< u.
under the of Port [^Karef, Onto astern) Hirer,
onr sailing diroetioDfl rtate that Admiral Guerin vii ibid (hit port
in tho YiryinU in 1855 ; (hat hfl (bond the surrounding country
well cultivated and populous, especially at tho river'* moi
vhon than il a laiga Tillage, tailored to b
emporium of Se!oul, the capital, which is supposed by the Fi
to oc 80 miles inland ; a position it is impossible to i loathly
th« ■■ lxiii-7-lki-iiu i " of niir Alius. Port Eusaref us in Brunghtoo
Bay on thu oat of Corea. Tsu-siroa is, I expect, t
where the T2u«iaus mijjht hare been tempted to form a per-
manent settlement) had it not been for the timely interference of
Admiral Hone.
"Willi ii fair wind, varying In mi sonth-onst to south -i
accompanied by occasion:'.! • ■* up to the 24th, and
ti mi «\im{ lire nil thfi 25th Of duly . i\o joidioivd oppottto tho
Russian military letUemont of NovoyorcMi (Foe lattt of the
'Ii url I, .i* the entrance of Xuvo^oiod Jfarlinnr in Expedition Day.
Far away t<» tho lonth-waatwerd attended the mighty Shan-
•( ■.! 'i;:il. Si :-. tin l .idle of the MainliU o >m|uerors of
China, and tho hom>- of the pi'f-i 'ii dynasty Tin
aspect of tli" country ifl ■ dreary one. As far as tho i
reach in thfl remote iH«tMiw thara ma nothing u> met t the view
but nniccowionofhilland dale, green, but devoid of tin
Ctve, howeTcr. of the Cheviot Hills and hhoep [ju^tiu i
vest coast of Cornwall and min r&l wealth. A Cm
surrounded hy a rudclv-fcno. >l traiden. I iaIf-n-do2oii Tartar p
And a couple of cows, might, by diligent observation, be Been
here and there, the solitary 0ndaft66| of a h.ibitnblo region.
W«r« it not far tho dozen log doom which mark the sito \tt the
Banian milium h ttiwnoat, Hutc wai nothing to disturb fcha
dream of historic Scythia, and her wild hordes of TungQ
abenherds, roving snoo&tvollad ba Marofa of posture for thoir
Mocks, These few w I n In n--% lunvovor, mark a xreat era of
rli:ni"c. The khans, tlio descendants of the great Zingi*. DO
longer rulo over this wildcrnoM of verdure, has long
ci'rcti-d, and ai last foandj on thil eastern const of Maiiehuiiu ■
harbour, whore her Hoots can pass in ond out during Uio winter
season; one periVcth sliclh-i-.il In Kiimmnding hill*, with dm
water, an imi»regnabfo position, and a good supply of coal. M
the base oi 'tin northern limit of tho Slum-Aim n ou tbo
en tftc Coast, of Manchuria.
2ir.
l-mon Hirer, tho hnundaij between Itussinn Tnrtory Bad
Ooren, uh Mettled by titt BatfO-GhinMe TtBtttJ of tin* Hth of
November, I860. This southern limit of Russian territory i-
fiven in tin- chart* u.< \h miles mt ..f ffieuro Point Lit. 42°
8'n. Tho distance of this range of hill* from Novogorodalti
we estimated at» W miles, and that of the Tn-un-n lliv i
noudag :ii tin bus at about 20 dIIm. It has been imteyed by
llit .1-7 . <.»a'a boats 10 miles from its mouth. The nou;hbourhoocl
of this ri\.T and that of its tributaries is considered the most
fomlooi of nftj on the east coast of Chinese lnit;u > . The
JlwiL'w (Mauchu) town of I Lung Chun (lluii-chuu), or "Him*
<'huiw*liin4," 26 nOoi Oeoi i th$ month of tin- Tn-xnan (at Uia-
kiaug). iviih ;i pplf**ft" \:.iu..u&lv eotiuiated at from o'UlKJ to
ItyOOO inlmliifants u within a fcy'fi ruin on ;i Tart ir pon\
from Norogarod&kL It is oon?entonUrtttaatedftl the oonflv
of Uie Klmi-fliiiu iiiviu inul tin* Tn-mcii, U hh'Iim to tin-
north, or ChinOBO sido, of the troaty boundary line. ir. is ono
of the only two ('Iiirn.-r tonn* h..rdt'nng on Const when* tin-
restrictive commercial policy of Gbinfl it'rmiU an interchange
of commodities between Ooi&l and OnipMO Maw-hum. A
mandarin of the leQOCkd oln with about 300 soldier*,
maintain* order and levies imposts. The Manchus repair hither
from a great distance to nun on trad*. By a afcortaigbted
policy the general trado is restricted to half a day once every
two yearn, mid some mandarin- only ago) the | ni \
annually for five day*. The Manchus supply the Koreans with
oat* pipes, leather, stag-horn. GOODS!) horses, mules, and
asses, find receive, in return, baskets, kivln o innnture, rio*?COn
furs. paper, mat*, -win- . OZODi and pouic* ; the lntt.T highly
prized for tin ir swif>nc«. Hung I'h'nn i- also famou for its
trade in inutility, a marine sea-winx! found to the nCtgbhfmifag
sea. On io«' K(i--iiiii ode of the lint a oonatdetable village or
town, of a mixed population of CoNUU and MjikIji-, hi.
timbably from tin1 exactions of their respective mandarins, ia
located on the River Ching-hing (of the charts), which, fan Eta
■ .ml: \vrM. -tly direction from tho southern ado of Ksncditmn
Bay, seems to aflbtd a water*eamnnuiieatiofl with the I'n-ruen
on the south or Kuaaian side of tho treaty lino.
Since the OOeeion of this portion of Manchuria. BcjU ban
I complete military possession of the coast, as well as of the
right bunk of tho Usui? and Khiuka Lake. Drafts of regiments
or of sailor* are established every 10 miles along the coasts the
men of which are dilign tlj i m) Joyed in making the great mili-
tary mad which in to connect this nttlanant with tin- Aniiir.
Tho nnmbfir allotted to Novogunxlaki in IU<> ..t tin: 1th Rogi-
niHiit, the hc;ui-i|iKii ifi.K of which aiv not far distant, lit- men.
21G
I.iovDi Xoteson th$ fins van Marfan r a
under a captain (who U oonnnandant of the Ktminn), were
actively cngag<'il m aD kinds of manual labour. Hi
tht raal-nunttt, load and onload the ahina, and w< p i n cti
block-house, store, or residence, for a Hamburg merchant, for
wliirh tin' intt. r v.i.s j'iiyin^ smartly. In fool '
Duopoly of tin-* l:iln:nii innrket There is preat
dffli uliv in obtaining the JJBJBfoBfl of (he lew BOattl P d I ' reons
in tin- i in iiHihnt*' oelgbbonrhood, which, when obtained, is of
■i,i. ii . 'Hut, i» consequence of their gem ml disinclination to
wiirl it :iu\ iliin;'. 1 lie frtt M.iiirhfis OT I IhinoK! a;-- ;'i aerally
■ ii In trade. TL « • soldiery are seemingly European Kiu-
m'h'i-, vrith light hair and powerful frames; ra fact, some oftfe
Ln« ■ man I Earaevareean. Hiej ire well eslothod, and with a
supply of rations so far exceeding? thoir daily wants as t- QJ
tb in to —"JfHW ii portion of ton latter Ihr drink al tiw statu
'I'ln- pay la in ■■■ m i<l r.il ! ; n-porl aya one rouble (3*. i;.-.
yaar; hoi m frequent opportunities of pecuniary remuneration
nrc offered by the stringency of the labour market, ■
tliey are generally permitted to avail themselves, the prudent,
industrious miur may always have the command of nu
merchant fl or i me thai" aa a rule, they were better orf then
the officers, and that aevaraJ of them liml i.li.-ir 500 or 1000
dollars. Krom a aimilar . -i <i: ■ - ■* - VfC drew the inlbrixintion that
that service n Qui - iction of the Qovernmantof Eastern Siberia
was more huntm than honourable; that men under e
political or aocaa] dieoualffiostionfl were drafted into regiment*
■erring bare. The Lieutenant had aeen twenty-five vear*' aer»
nee, and the ran ondet awery variety of climate lie staled
ilmt telegraphic; oonunudcatdon had reached the Amur, and
that two or three months would suffice to complete the line to
iin:- • tati .1 .
i In r* vara at b'bortv to sottlo here
or at tin- otfai i Banian porta along the coast, and whi liter I
wusuuvfi tariiT.'st iblish'-d by th<? Government WO WON
fiUK-d that foreigners were at liberty bo settle wb< when
iked that mi okase of the Emperor granted md would
liMilii:.!- Mi- has ax^oration of ininenus, one that Koroeofodaki
was*a baa port." Bntftom official quartern we were informed
that the vast extent, eeiitmhzed system, mid multitudinous
ii in -i- . I lids vast empire demanded a gradation of refera
from thn lower powers in Siberi: d the liiirher \-
Petersburg before legal grant* or rould bo secured: this
sadly dims the bright riaiona of the intending explorei
'ii/ .In; .i.i observer would find tt difficult to discover a single
godown or a angle ounce <A' marketable stuff, which m
either Buaaian or for the uso of itussian soldiers. Three
on ike CtMtxt of Manchuria.
217
however, in the harbour awaiting cargoc* of Mihlc seo-
weed, BScLe-de-mer, fried Quo, ifiuBeiiff, A-c, Gar tin* fln-nni
Chinese supereargooe were said to bo in tlio in'*
mi tin- Tu-nieu, or some of iU trihulfirii*, puihubh making
their necessary amm^ni. hk us far away from mandarins an
S)ssiblc» for a supply. The Ccroans on the right bank of the
n-Tiirii in equally averx<* to mandarin exuetinn, ui<] i
a fibril every facility to the Chinese merchant HttB Hn Shantung
promontory in supplying cargo, \i.'i the Etwaiao frootior, to (be
cuiiv.'iiH'iilK *' tP.M.' |inrt ' of Novo-i.ro.lslu. The OuftctiOl
the ■•Tung-pii-cn-men," or Coreai] gala, near the north* m kud;
of the Tft-lu lCiv.-rf about tfl Drib from the f'hmew tow
Feng-fiwa-dung:, opened for trade tliree tiinea a year with lhe
' .n-. inn.! DOCMHoflj Und to throw thw t.rm ■ tho
hands of merchant* or OOtttOrt vim \ -■ i of 1
'Knur, und the east, coast ofGorea. It is 10J ia ied I al ;<
deal of fh" trade of thh ooaat with thfl BhantQflj
jii" ifMi'V and CIu*-foi> i- contraband.
These rcniurkfl .-j;- ^uftVienl to iho* that Novocorodfiki, apart
from othor oonaHaratJODa, lum a very reapectabU commercial
future. This at present scorns secondarv to the idea of military
occopoiion. At peasant thfl how* of toe BBttkouatt an aithor
bampki or inOitaiYatoe-houna, Unas of csonnnnnication a
tli" seaboard to the cart, and by the Usuri and it-< tnl> ii.m< .-.
to ili'* west* of thn Phan-A lin, in* I'Miisi-riiM'jr of liuvMiun Tar-
beinff ^raihuill) ofM-ned and |>erloeted; whirh will
not onl_> bring in necessary supplies to, but a niori
supan Won error, tfaaaa out-lying station*
KiiKtiia ia Datfectty alivi bo tb political, naval, military,
und I'liiiiirirrrial importation of t ru ponUon of rasiettt*, nr,
Bfl :t || U' w O&Qod, NoVOgOTOd'tkl. Tin Sil«!-; i n ••!
the Imperial Etosaian Geographical Soriet\ bus issued it«
popart ■ from I ■ . i year (lS»i5). in whii.'b
* The Pckla Correspondent of tin: ' CUoi tixpreM ' gives *n interesting cxubcc
If- .in i|.ii|.:pnH: — " pQfllieM, lint 80 I0BU frOSS lb« OttCSO foM H T, B U)C vulli-
cminOEt gulf of the Runiirn » Intro <-f ilio ^.-ti of Jupan. lu it are fuiiuil what arw
known now nmkT lhe names <»f l'.illw KNwik, Exnfdtticm Hay, mul iNovngorod
BtfbOUr." After vtdofa ili'- wriier jpw» on tn pnttp the poliiiaU, navnl, aiui rmn-
toervlol imporia-1- ■ * if til ulf.
"1. It borders inow >>' I. ■ h i.Vikb, *hicli Is SodepeodcDt of CI* ion, aad on
i.i vllieb i* MMmillv iiulc|)cuilcut too. £alobli«liiDg ounclvr* licr« ««ilh
a firm bcM, wv pnicliftillT a»*i'rt the cousolidiiivl pofcH«»iou by Ifiiitis of tbe
■mica Borthsra *iii>r*- nt m Sm a! lajan op b Ou rooaih of ibi tasor, i
iJ.cn!, by trtatr. Pobmmiiiit a sain clone force, »r miicht iiiilm i ».-ai
but nptothis Ume inwcwlblc counlry, dntiiicd i& iu tun., like other d<
count run in the EfiBt, to yield to Wcslcm idciu."
i Win t»ic wcoiid brftd the writur gctm fully into thn »ii»«Dtag*s of "i 0
from a dofenclv* Ami aggrmuW* point of vi# w
H Cuiiimrrcully. it i» t!w only OM <»f mir ti»v»l vtalum bonWring ou a pupilum
21S
I.invn** Xotes on tfw Russian Harbours
nknntagc* of tlie rituatkm Mfl enlarged u|Min and
dulv . -inn/iiiMl It bfl it- future. It ik to U- llu- lirad-t|Uui
of Ina tfaoobocui ooaet Eonakofl] I rovenw ami Commander*
j:i Chief of Eastern Siberia, was expected hi a few ireeka |o
of things .um! bo give a fresh Lmpeto
Bwknprogreaafon waithwurdi*. The great Importance to Unrein
of this port liofl in \U \*\wj an "pi □ harbottX m-arly all the
your round. La*t year, or rather winter, there \\\y* do ■
i« ut eonaeqQcnefl to prevent the ingreea ami ogrosa of
vessels. It isifii.- iluii \\ rasas exceptional season, Si\ vrecfo
ffoK atttv i to in the JiTi.ii of ob«tracti6n by i--" in former yeaura
to the tis« v j '-;ii mi of ilii- iiinrr hutl'oui'. f his is an advantage
i»i t po- ■■■ • i ui rl - ?a i --h at bj any other of the mnjij
eepaciotis, veitahdtend bazbaura in the bight of ivtcr-the-
l1 or Victoria Bay; and feather north th« liiirbount an
olusr.d to BflTlgatiOD tOT throe, tour, and nix months. Coal-
nainaa are being work*! Uvn ■ tin- prom-nt d< mand being >
they An being irorkad ea in -| naively ae poaaibloL Xhaoolv
attempt ,tt. a bbooMRtviog moohino conaistd of a sample wheef-
himI-m-vK iiu month of the prindpa]
aditaod at fcho bead of the shaft*, for lifting tin water wl
ha* aooamolatfid after the late heavy raina. Tln-n »>,» ilmi
iihui'is and 00 many adit* ; one only scorned to bo in working
Miilri. oj)]»i.-iii» tji nli icli there ww a buuu of ooaJ eatimatedaft
100 tone. Use depth of M,: , El ma aaid to b. L40 feel H
cool ia J dollar* a ton at I In.- pit's mouth. Our chief
pronounce' I it of a very hituminoiw character, v, :M
■ ■''.< -.i .mil «-! ink. ■ i I "JO j. i IM nl . thai i Oiu[m t- d \\ ilii u»e
.1 i i i.i : m -:m ..::! ;ii Nn^i-jiki, price fi dollars, lJw« X'oYommxhld
coal ma wortli H dollar* the ton ; that it was admirably eu
fur sliuif \uy »«.'**, Imt it* fivo roinltu-i iiu mused so rapid u
il-po-itiuii nt w-Kit in tho t&bea that they aoon ch
BVeepingi thai its nw would piovi" a Merit mim disadvantage: and
'l.d.-iy -in .i l'»i' voyage. One spocimori, amalyftwl by
n Kusetiun mineral o I (tea lb Alt 71 per cent* of cailwn.
Tliis i'ii:ii mil • I Mi f] r^veaa the mine^ 8io farther wovkedi
district. On one aide, 35 vent* from Expedition Hay, standi the Chioatr towm of
Hung CVun, with * j.o(ml(ition of about 20,000 ; then (hero arc
nr«r Hung Chun ond lu aIHuodU. wlnoh ore alio thickly ponplvd with Chine**
On the oilier imIt. on Qk I UM PUDen, ii'o t.-cn many Urge Cortftn Til*
laxrt. wmJaeHtfttbUttmocmjM rltMriwIiw with mrricultursl uunolu. H> uiuViaj
useoftiic w«lrr cctiniwuf.il .titiii 4tTi)i-il*il l>y tin.- Tumrci, commercial inlluvucc vtU
»pr«n»l fu.-lhcr and fnrthvr in that tlircclion, do f*r ru« tlio importnnt inner il*u-
rhnhan towns of Ninj:1 B( »l»'itT 8(0 x*.-r«ti trnin Mun^ flh'im. W# *rf
OOOrM Hhall not «Vlny m do«clopirp the navipnti.n o\ Hi- roBOD " M«' proftow*
•" powerful Bmtll stcnraeni drawnip £ fitci. prlauirllprfor the use of vckcU loading.
Ae.i oa Expcditjoo Bay, out] in bom mi ntofiafly fox Lhi nawtaliou of Uie
Tomeu."— (' London and China Kxprou,' May '-'t, irioi;. }
on tiie Cocut of Manchuria.
no
wq heard that tho Rufmn buih^vm calling
isiuelinrd |0 OH it. it' tln-v luul n m. Him ■ « t mi;-| ly of
a better quality to earn- tln-m on to tli.ir doctinstioa There
u.i-: i r< port of exhaustion, and of tl:< dilnVult i» •- of gi r
i'iil of the nata j ate thai BuBfaQQ ma&ofarar luul en(»*rt*d iln*
port for cool tna bid rat received » mffiaient supply to moot
their mat* i bafl An gesaxa] imps bod n that a & tta Rtpply
of skilled labour and steam-niacninory would find all the coal
thevmay ft
To anyone eapaUfl of apprecimin^ the commercial advan-
tages of the position, the importance of this post cannot be
anmrratod. it ■atsnsto |kmmh the nrciilmr advantage uf poM.
tion and relation to the sea of Japan and thebord mtliBB
which I tongkoTig hold* to the in-j^hUiiirinj' pnn 01008 of ( tuflflh
It eon oil ieilfc feet, and ■ mi.' poff^ m.-l--r thopro-
focti" «ii <>f .1 lii j i. lib i if. frigh-aiiiMlad I tarennaant, mrin v law
irgiy, tor ICOnd MttODI of political irormiiiy. it' from no higher
niotiYO, a refuge may be offered to trader* whoso businc-
Timi- otherwise ncees^irily throw tin-in into iln* hum]* of it
rapacious sot of mandarin afflalftla. Tin "•quo ^-t D
— tempered and militated aa it is in China by tin neigh-
bourhood of European ports, hv fi» nlft and by m 1-
it and oecosionnliy Lij^hnunded C'liincao offitUfl — knows
nothing of the horrore and and expedient-; of th
as interpreted by tho provincial Manchu manriarioa 01 Ou '"
dealiam with the peopv md mhrs south < i i >< \'inn Tin*
no 't protection of o Knwian carrison at NoTOgoroddd Una
alraach induced more Sun Slim mtadnd faailEi
establish tfcemaalvad ffitUn lbs BonSu U&a; sad thfl know-
ledgo that the people arc beginning to taste the avert* of
Russian rule law oauad tin- Coma omcdalfl bo resort to i ^'
measures in tho punishment Qj UMBO new convert* to ■• Wi.t-
arn ideas,' if aAuwinla oaaghfl on Ibo ilecnpii aids of tho
bound ov Jin*, a-, ii.- n an kkm ranj onKvaofaifl harboan
farthrr «mth, mid »h \\<- lu-jii something idioul mi:. .11 attmogjj
"drawing two EM ••■ water," for igatfoa of such for-
bidoVn \oiUt.-i jif those of iln PfgMT Tu-mcn. it MOBfl I
L worth tho while of oi:r nil r-; to dir<el mi ikviisii mill puep to
bo Lakrn into these mm£ < Wean hurl»oura.
Wladivostock, i. tf. Dovnnos or Tin BUJV (Port May),
Russian Tautauy.
Oo the 28th July wc steamed from NOTOgOTodflkii which wc
left at 4 vm.. and arrived at Wludivostock at i p M ofthaaame
diiy. The general appearance of tho c*^untry in this ni
.1,,.
2L'<i
Lloyd'* Not** on the Russian Harbours
Umrhood differs widely from that of XovogorocUki. Here tho
liiwiiutaiiiH :.r hill*. It* -in then nunmit*. down their slopes^ and
tin- intervening valleys am prolty well wooded. Th« lol
and more distant ranget fttan the sea-coast are maeh more to
than Ilia hills 'in tie- immediate const, Several exccedi
EictQTMC[Q4 hays with the Huinerlfl names of Paris, I »ionoxi,
Flyasee, ftCi :i|'|>< -ar b> the nu'lit and left as Yon proa ad up
;■» tin -ill-ill. t i r through tic "ISaatarn Bomnonu" strait, or
"Ci.ldrn Horn," which separates liussian Island from
JMiini.". ii IV \ 1 1 1 1 1 rsk i promontory. Dismissing from the
the hollow tr« i . ■ . Ill* odd oara with Moateheon^biMd
blades, I i" Manehti or Orohe flftherruen. the rest i* not onfike
tli.n of ffingliffh pari; BOVUBJ and rountry jr.-nllfmru**
Tli b i.- 1 - an here and there so isolated aa to lend this chai
to tin' tcene The sportsman would Ktill further in tin* i
autumn, i miow lull... realise tlua first impress* n, when
llir imkmIk air v\ * II stocked wilii d .-i . pheasant- and i
Ti-jvr: Hid l-nr- hut I") i"n(|ucntly <Li: rmdi .n.t this
qaii s ■■> Ivan ■ i u and annoy the scattered proprietors of pc
and oxen by occasionally walking of!' with them. In wi
hanger drives the tiger from In* summer haunts in tin
«ir ooeat'Xangfl of mountains, into th'- i
merits along the coast. One oF these animals carried oft" a
pony Last winter from tin* and of the commandant's compound.
Anotln r earned oft" two Russian soldier* A Hussion officer
udil dm that he had taken the skin of one* measim '<:
(marina) feel from Us noaa to the i:p <\ In* taiL Tho»* are
tin vr.it ddi U> ;i:;d -peciea. and 1 was surprised to find that ho
.! inhabitant of the country up to !M n. latitude,
and that on orodutOKJ excursion* to the I. it hank of the Amur,
up to 63^ Hnlie ft'Oils niton tin' reindeer. >. ,-,!■. and iheUol]
apteral. The native 'lumxuttiun tribal aim GiljT&kt hold him
■ ;ii aw and w meraiion. One of them killej hi tiger ii
boned on the upot where hi* rvnminw are found. I
aWi been a very ' part in the transmigration of souls,
as a vehicle of wlnVh hu imj ■ > ■■< i .itini is typified in tho 1 ml t -
boast, balf-maa idols of "Gold*" "Gflynk," and "Otoka"
■Qpamtitlooi worship. A Boaalan officer told roe that he had
disturbed I l ary largo one making a meal oft" a fallow deer.
Poenette i< entirel; & pendent upon this |x>rt for ii
of wood. There beitij* a pood supply of the latter for
BO . oul-i. -(U have as yet been opened here. Coal us hov. ever,
to be seen cropping up OQl nflne Bnrreoa. Near the sea-coast
tbo 1 are somewhat ntunUd iu growth; atill we :*aw soxno
von good-deed oaks, ohtw, walnut*, and maple*, noma in en-
suring 3 feet in diarneter. At the stoma saw-nail la wo saw some
on the CoOtt of Manchuria.
221
good "liit'- pine, of whieh there must be a goodmpply i'mtlnT
north ; but none were Been growing in tin- ndgbboiaa '• Xhe
901] here id uf a very geucrona nature, and dark in <:« 1»mi. A
■ ■ of 00X04 under rulliv itmii yi.-idcl a good supply offQch
Boeluh vegetables as turnipa, carrot*, beets, ndl
r:ilili;i d i'. i-' v"H BS lli" OQBOH kinds of tin former for
stall-fooding purpo:*c* durui£ the winter Wnn. Tin' timii
r : i ci in temperature is, at inti rvale during the month
February, and March, IV Fnhr. t-i "_'n Fahr., during v.
I,- luirl'Miu- i- .1 IB I (TO i > v irr. jiiul lltfgbl pOO* 0T6T
'i no one Bids to tho other. Periodical tilings aunrBj these
in- nilis, and that of April, etleetually stop coniuiunieutioii. An
ill" iiitt'iiliiMi-i of tin* Kuhmhii <iovniment an* emn-.-nied,
thero is oven n. cation to bo liberal to settlers. Land of
excellent iiujjity. and not so heavily timbered u* to preclude
the possibility, where there is a limited supply of laoour, of
ing .t sufficient quantity for arable and meadow imd il
freely given* Tbs&X OWn settlers aro mid to be WeD fed,
.l« 1 1 1< ■ i and provided with aoodi stock, and necessary impio
mi m; for two years, with QoVOVKmeaC OJBftOnl mi Lno *pot
OOOte and direct, by a necessary superior intelli^vmo, tlio
natural obtusity of tin- Kusm.iu peasant With tl
of MTOO tot* iyn merchants, the Btttlernont mny be eeid t<> be
ly military, or composed of soldiers and sailors. Tlio latter
aro well oared for. They gv.t their 8 tb* of ryo*l om ^ day
and UPP^J "] leather tor their luu- boot* ;md TCI
"!m mi. a that they have an u bund mil supply, it il not
UDUSUaJ for them to baiter their surplus lonthrr and floor for
drink. Inebtieit seems to bo the besetting iuflnuiti of
people. Alcohol h produced from anything containing
It. Aj long as it i^ strong thoi do not Lroabla them-
selves about quality. The reel ■■!' the population is made up
of ronviet *.<r ruiinwa*, t 'hui.uuetj and a few CorOB&Bj who i»^0
repreeBnted as lazy and awl*-** .:- labourer*. They lira said
to prefer drink to a no&ey pwmont They aro di*tin£>m*haljlo
the nll.i-r r.i- 1 1 1 ■!.-. In ilii-ir small iiienriug dark - y .1 and
lar features. Tlieir otyie of heedAea is rem; -a
tuft of hair standing < red, like e boZB, in a line with the fore-
head mid at right-angles i" i le top of the bead. It is a node
of wearing the hair the very opposite to that adopted by the
Japautve: the Utter ahevai the trout of the forehead and down
the centra of the head, Leaving :i tut't at the back of the hood,
rbich he bandolines and fastens into a Sol position on the top
' the head; but the Corean shaves the back ad down
itre of the head to the forehead, leaving a tuft erect on
the head.
tempered with NoTOgorodeld (I'owi^teV^S^wsAVa^1^^^
222
Lloyd* Nottt on the Rxtttian Harbcmrt
May) that be said to be flourishing. The houw* air? more
numerous, and. nit hough Mill baUl of logy, are more trubstan-
roamy, and approaching the "genteel residence." The
hotel is capacious, out inal-e<tainii=1r.iti<>ii En the supply of the
table, descending to nimmon necessaries* l>us lcfl it untenanted
in a state or hopefulness for better days. It has its
church and "ftms ' f the Greek < Lurch.
The liariKnir is eujucioua, fr<*o (mux obstructions, of
vsfe i. and perfectly protected by surrounding
hill* gently eloping derail to the water's edge, and aflnnli;
good natural drainage for any future town sunning up on the
■l.. i rtJement The general impression, or pcrnnps the
wish of the few merchants here, is Loot although Xovogorodski,
from its better strategical position and comparative freedom
from ire in wi'nfcr, iniiy he -*- It -*i .•« 1 .» . th« hi*ud-4iiiartom i if the
east coast. Wladivcetock must be the commercial port. With-
out adopting this opinin n if may be said that it ii:ts an ■
dance of wood for budding por id winter fuel, which to
poor settlers in a climate is an important conai
itin, and mii advantage whir*h it jnv^k-.« over
which baa scarcely a tree. It U also neon I the greet C<
of PonnannioatlDB (the Kninka J*ak«* and Usuri River) with
lli" Kn : ian ji'.Mn.i i.ii tin Amur. I'his lake empties its»*lf
!-y 111.' rJu:r'.,ri.;ri ;i. the cunllia* nee »tf tin- lattei With :lie
DobQdlQi or eastern branch of tho t'euri, into the lor
tjj which then is steam communication with tho Amur to
SabaroQcOi Tin nc;trc>! pun. Ii'mM" mtit«« limn Wladivostoelc
to the point where steam communication commences i*
-, or 200 mils* Tl i river Suifun, ul the In
Golf, a distance of about 15 to 20 miles from Wladivoetock,
■ lor good-*i?.cd In mt)* to within -10 n
of the Left] River, which km r .hum i ■< i.< the Khinka
Lake, I he Ma-hai River, at the head of Usuri (Napoleon) Bay
— which, by u kBltaerriitgo bvtwren it and the Dubil
with the 1,'suri — is not considered no practicable a* the
route by the Suifun. in eoaemuenoa of tlw stiallownem and
>l the iJobikliu. A lui.-..oun engineer {ingSnieur 4m
mint*} officer informed me thai the iii-i^hlmiitln>fHl oi Kh
Lake was rich in minerals, Gold, silver, platinum, I
mui were to be found there. The MnMaus frequency bring a
paraeb oi gold of One quality to this » t*icm« nt u-r sal*, but
* 1 ■ * ■ >■ overrate tLe market value (if tho precious meUl too much
to i ntbb ths uKTeliMiit- to purchase much of i:. Fine prairie
lands ore said to lie by the lake and beyond the mount
where lome Switw emigrants' pn.pi>-'- Nettling wlien Kut£*£ai
arrangementa oan ' - > nv • wita tne Lu-^km ;
Tin? topographical engineer of tho district-, who took passage
cm the CoaM of Manchuria. 129
with ua to Nakhodka Harbour, informed us that he had
:irritinj>lislii'<! tin- J0CU3WV '" l\.ih:i:n!'I<.i, .i( thfl moulli of tin*
:, in ten day* Subjoined arc some ml-, resting partieuhim
of hif. jtiut iit-y t'lmii N'ii'Iiiiliiy i Jv Im ■ i PlBtonboiKi QB • leave
of six montlw only, to visit his fuiuily. Hi* kit Nioholuyevtfk by
a itoamar, drawing 4 feet, for Aiguu. Thence bg o ib u
drawing 2 feet, to tin- KliMka Rivi r. l<> N» nln-nnk i«r Sfivytin^k,
when In.- journey by StaaiBOl OOaaad, Thonco he journevisd by
the Lake itaik&l to Irkutsk, when* h<> jiwaiu^l pood sleighing.
Tlimecbyrond and rml to St. Potonbnrg, Ihooott of the journey
and biu'k wis about I < >< jc • rubka^oi tfl ft • rling. Having
lixuited means, he exercised strict economy. Xhave are pecuniary
advantages, itappearj oonneotod witb aarriea on tin unu mid
r;i-.i .'.ni-i .i Munchuria. Ho inantioned dfui.il>.' pay. Servioti
Ii i tan years secure* n nonsion in rubles, amounting to about
120/. par iirnuiiii. which It doubled for ovarj farther tan yews9
a rviuc. ►Starting from Nicholayovsk in Be]
CU I" ■iHTiiinplwnrd to Irkutsk in one iiumtli, mid I'riun tin- lattar
to St. Petersburg in tw< nty -five days. This is of cour i i
continuous travelling, say in round numbers o distance of 8000
miles,
Chita, a town on the Ingpdft, iu the spring of the
be oocaid ri d tha haad ot bha navigation of Uto Amur. It
is 2'J(il> mdi-s from Nil;. ilayi'vwk. At atboc IQaaOfifl it .
2*i0 mii'-M nhcirt of Hutu, ut Bl !-■;, iin-1,. ul.irl: '- TMn tniUvM from
Irkutsk, The steamer ascends in thirty days and doeoendl U
iwnity daja. Tllo*t! who luivi a fniu-j fur a boat jumnrv, it
seems, can ascend to the head of navigation in one Inn
and descend in fifty. Telegraphic communication b eatabliahed
I"-hm.'i-h St. !'■ rtenburo* tforodgh Kabarofku *<• Kk&oiaj
Prom Kabaiofka th Eld u in «>i<*iiastato of . that
it niMv ba axpaotad to reedi Novogorodsld in two ot three
moot he These progressive changes are dW to tbfi ftnljghtflnftd
policy and quirk aagaciu •:(' ' !« m : il Itonmfiefl", too lata
anOf-Geiiorul and CWmumdor-iii ' In i of Eaftem Siberia.
For hi-' wonderful Mice-- in carrying out bbfl • in roaehing )
Of I. \unir. and its im; ilnilury the I
jd his stealthy lut rapid tieouisiti<.:i oj ihr ^aboard to thfi
ii-iiten. he has wall deserved toe gri urn!* of his Donotnr. By
a peaceful triumph of the pen und a high order of dibit'!.
intelligence, he has wall B&rnad the recognition of his Emp
in in- titU <»f Oonnt Amiir:-ki. low mernbei «hip oi tho < onncil erf
Si ii< , bii grand <to« of th- ••wl'i- <<: &L Vladimir, and hi* pen-
sion of 10,000 rubles (1600/.)
A notice "1" Wliulivc'tmlc would be Tcry impasbot fritlw ut i
|uu«iu(j rafennoe to its nei lommmucation
Llotd'* Netc* on Uu Jtutsian Ilarhourt
vii (be Btrifdii Rivoi in fiin'rin <;nlf, the head-watera Ol
(..mi. and Khinka Ijake. with tho iii!<iior of Huwiikn and
Chinese Manchuria, The Kmwrod^ a large-aizeil i gun*
n 1 1 htly arrived n1 Hakodut '■. liter n visit, with tin- < •
imH inirrul of I-astern SiUtiji. U) (lie southern ports recently
riettod by tfafi SmBs. 6h< had U-n tho I'Joveni «l at
Wladivostook. Hi?* Intention was to return to Ntcolaj
■;■/.. the Soiftm, Lefn, Lake Khinka and the •
m brunch of the QewL Tin. Roloctioo ■ » Wladivofltook
sis iii* pott of delmrcatiorj, combined with the informal!
received from Kuwinn officers who have travelled over and
assisted bi the purvey <»f tliit* nmi ■ •. unmistakably mark it iw
that of tho southern ports teat suited for iuland coinniunioa-
tkm. The Daori a oexfl to the Buneuri, in Chinoeo Mau-
'. the most considerable tributary which the Amur reei
from the south. Iho oacplomtion by tho Hussions of this iin-
puriiiiii nvrr El place n 18S8, an l prelimtnar
ihr DOOOpotksL Lieutenant Veniukof, ; ta explorer, on
nrurh to its source, mid thon crossed the const range, coininc
Up il» Golfof Taitary.a little north of Port AVladindr. A i
exact survey of the whole region, - xtt nding bctv<
and tbfl wily ixnd wuuth to tho frontiers <>i Coreu, was tumd
in poMuanoi of Art 9 (on definition of boundaries) of tin*
Treaty of Tientsin (18th Juno, IMS, ratified ut. St. Pel
lull September, rutilicatioini o.vhii illth April. I
Coloaal i; Icj directed this sun yiti; v\\*
wadded in three sscdoMj p»eh composed of an officer and nine
afmixtjuif.s. A map, showing like Bsaulta uf these rmrveys, has
d published by the Soman XopographicaJ "Mice.
■ iii i u I seven nstrononneul |" it i- m
DfloL The Co^Mick officer, I>areyitairnf, explored the Su
and its tributary, (2*0 Huptu; and Cat tain Gamof. of the
carps, eaneciiul) detached un LhaL sen
burg, fori tne astronomical positions aJ
Amur and twcntval"ii;' flu T-u.i and it* tributurirs up t«. Like
Khinlii. lb- alio ascertained barometrically the eJtitud
a] mountains, and made a valuable collection of plants and
animal*.
The source.* of tho Usuri are in 1 1 n. latitude, and the
M'lujiiiu ni of tho river, rom ii ori In to its month, is 19
Mow tho rotrto of General Korsukof: wo aac
able portion of Ihe Buifon, wo reach tho coast n
l.ikliuhi-Alin of tho Chinese. This ran ■ nay I* •■
an ofiahout of the Bhan-Alin mountains in the south- The -
of tin range VBiiae in distance from '.'.'• to sn mil.-
■ abpo drain.s into the Gulf of Turtary and
on the Coast of Manchuria.
the Japa ; t be western into the I -'iii. I'll, ri
f • 1 1 f - ■ i i 1 1 . - il .■ i Imivi iml u short rourst*. ami arc i ■■<■ ;-;il)lc
only ri.-iir ti. ■• m<>iilh. Ti. ■ ■ uuniTitoiiii attain jiii nlarottoa li
mi-ui 4000 to 6000 feet TI am the onlj
of real Empoitanoe, the othen being too long and difficult
portage inti-rvf-tir* l>ctw.;.n Uio nongable portion of the Bniftzn
and that of the Lufu. Deeeand no te latter, uhirh hid oow
oris shortly to have a small steamer plying upoii it, p lawn
at Lata Khfiika, Thb Wee extenda tiwwn 44 80' and 46°
■til is about 60 miles lon^ by 10 wide. Tho north-
east and it Mtii-w.-.t Aotm of tho lake .in- low t, sod swampy
true; i ■ . i month of the mulct* which snta it. ma
- Lefu is tho largest. The lake al> ■■
It-% oddotl fish i* thfl " Tluam-yu," unknown in Kun.jn'. Wo Utt
indebted for a knowledge of its oxiflteuoj to tho Komm
rosary, Dels Bruniere slaughtered bj the Gilyacka on bis
arrival a1 lOUth Of the Amur. H« " t. It us that In- Inn
teen I '.'-in "i* 1'""' lba,i and bad hoard of others n
tgOO to 2000 lb* " Wh:tr. i-ii.h r. and .-ntiivly curtilaginooj,
with lIi- i v « ption of three omul! bones on the nock; it boa lip*
form*'il life*' those of a shark, the upper protrudlnB much over
mvcr. I-iko tin- ihaA, 'i tun.;; 1 1 « If t* 'M-\zv it. j.rov <•»■
bit* tbfi hook, ind, UkB it, KWiintt slowly mill rluin^i!'. I In*
Has and bom an the most esteemed portion o
and m-I! ut Lenam (on ihf ■ Sun; mi ') for one awl a half taela <>f
silver per lb. The mandarins annually lay in a supply for the
,«'Porr8 tabic." *
H»e mtjuiitjiiu- near tin lal -■ ■ rion in game. Abonl
v UagOBarO itupenod along thi shore , and am .m^ tin; inhabitant ;
an: HVO Qold] lunula1*, tlm sout Jktii m« r- 1 ■-•■■■ti'M-iilniiv
this tribe. A eandt strip of low land separatee Khinka I al
smaller Dabuka Lake. lying within tha same bi
t0 N'ingum, Ginn. Huii^Cli'un. and to a town
(unknown to m\ ("jm^iaphical friend, Colouel Budichtchef)
■ I Farden,co tin- Snii'un. M. Botzow,hh [mpcrial B i
tfaji ■ ■■. - Cbnaol and Diplomatic Agent at Hall raa on
Uonrsfiofl aff; and one of a Parti tfart wxsoiupnnied Admiral
Kazulcnviek to Lakfl Khinka in the until]
16-horM-puner. Mn* was built at Nicolayerak, thfl machinery
having Imen mndi on tho w^at slop* of the Yiibbt-
nai monnteinj, Bhe had ran aground In the Uanri In the
L previous year It was on the occasion of ineetDSg tin Ohinsn
Boundary Don Bii toners l»y appointment nt Lake Khinka on
the 80th May. L88L She nmnbered asmmgit liex passengers
Crohmol Btidogorski and bis forty-fivo Coesneka. Tho Wo!e
TOU XXXTO Q
228
Lloyd'* Xitfes on the Rwitiati 11
I lur r.sari ud the MioTcucf I aIcc Khinka huve ere*
since been occupied by Gomel BtatioQB,
chef the Ueuri (or Simdugu) being bommoJ
in by mnimdiitis DO both bunk*, and bating a wxy rapid
loos not present equal facilities for strain coo
DJcatSon. A tributary ol' tin* branch, til-! I>»bikh mark-
mid being found along it« course The
acee obtain gold here, which they «i>ni.:_:lr int i «nd «ll io
China mi Ooroa, unknown to the mandarins al Bun* < 'h'l i .
Hie frontier town. In addition to the ordinary jealousy shown
by the Pokin Qovi rnmoal at any attampl tci rciplon
metahl ill- v bare the absurd idea that it is indecoroua
to disturb the earth upon which were born thi 'I'-braied
ancestors of tl ty\ The .thuttha
eae tind the gold in the river, and not in mineflt •
ii i. to bo hand, be a rain plea should liny nuen entrust
golden aoqiuaitiona to the rapadous ?crutiirj of tin <
( ' n^ii .1. i-l n iisi- ii|li>'ials at
[lung-t'h'un.
Von
moot
another eastern 1n lo mounl if on tho left
and approach tho right uf the Bungachun. Alter the " Murm"
joint the lottos the rirer becomes Tory tortuous. it U
not fi cj iridt :i • ■ 1 1- s- j * 9 .i large bod\ ol v, it r, and, ti • ■.
Dim bed nffi-rs no ol^tncU** to navigation, Tb« fom
all blots and a peculiar to this pari <■! i i
>6 average breadth of tin' IJauri is here 2o'0 yard^ ut iimt*
anly U-O; I.ijt tin d<>]>th fh»m tho low-water levol Vom 7
I Gsofe Tim country between tho Sungachan and Kul*jr*
a nost eases, well adopted for settlements. Low hill*
icatteied orer the plain* and in tho neighbourhood • I
Kubur~Khan high kJl& approach done to the ban!
wooded with oak, and would well repay j,*ar-
a? and agriculture En thefbrcsl h! walnuts nlwuni
Conifers have not as yet been met with. Up to thi
■ii q| tba I ppei Uaurij "!' which NYhidirostock ma) l*
called the natural outlet or port seaward, the agricultural pre*
pecteof Bottlers an com* what • ocouraging, !i!b< i ari . I i
vex? important drawbacks, \v/.. scarcitv of popuhttion to
■apply labour, sererity and duration od Uu muter vcasoov
in- l!iu...;it explorer and utfa rs,| ' .00 as an
■ .- poj ' lation "ii tho Usun, of whom ntaut
•100 ate on thi tail bank oi CI ini side uf the river. J I -
:■ id axteodjnc between tin Ueuri and tho sea-ooaety rrosn
ies Bay, on ilu north, I - the frontier of Ooron, i-s very
, populated and ii b only in the south, where then are
i] OUn ., that tho population is compare-
an tftr. Coast of Manchuria.
227
ly Dimerous. A fair estimate of the population of the wliolo
coast region may bo set do* Q at 2000.
Tin - m i i t v i if the winter season on the Upper Usuru although
0 mi ii. \$ cot nn iuxiipomble obstacle to agricultural pursuit*
I'm OH . < - «1 rijjg&£lj ettelioratt'd, climatic conditions afford
moflfsblfl i --nits tooarigncilhcnil settlor* in tin- I >i in-ii \nrth-
Yim >]•].■. hi pa ■-'■!..:: .. I'll.' luittOfJQg :■ (' "' ,! ,'1'' surnraur
n ■• • tution we bohi M on the aeSghkom n,- mint mast not, hm»-
.•vi r, load u* to ignore the abnegation and endnrnnco necneaary
to tin \vint< r rr"Mmt ii: &0M latitude*. .Mr. Mnximowicz has
'Mi !< some meteorologica] obesnmtiosB on tha Dp tri, at
Buseern, (J miles below tin- Niirjirhan, of wlm-li tlio Following
is a resume* ; —
" In li.i- mo il r Ei. * : i . Dj If) :ii-'v -lifcAjh-
te*ml m nan parti; but oefy on Urn 20th oi rl
thermometer n«e above freezing p I aft imnncr tho Bigfltl torac
troilft occurred until the I'Jth of April. The river opened on the l.Mh of
md Uie lu(. frtwi oha rrri during the nijrjil recurred on the 9tli 0
■ i. ry In -It. i In
thfl .T* ! ! ,(h hplfl, : '. ; :imt itii ifei
o. Tho liwt snow leli - a of Mnv, the
is on u.r 28th oj Ai.ni.'
Tho present defence* «il \Yl:ulivostock comprise a detachment
n |q KM soldier* SO or W saflotB, and 10 B< Id-pieces, with
tho neeomry homes. From each of tho stution- ih re are
detached, daring the summer months, for work on the roads
vml j 1 1.-« telegraph tint. Soft»g«iintr canoe* drawn up on the
beach rap I tho commercial aSpizatioE : Che port.
They 1 1.- ill recen [j dap itora of •Oomboo," swn
brown narty coioar, al oul t long, and don op En
OOtUpact I - 1 1 n ; II - ■ -. ; ;iL*o nl " lieVbiMie-lin i. ' Minn- mi htirk?.
The*? wore to fonn purl of llici pwyn of iliei Alfaandria
. i that re hflfl Wt behind na is the onto r harbour of
icrtte), doin^ a quiet trade between the Shantung promon*
(ory and this coast,
UIOHKA.
Ok MOth July, it w.i; ifiir int
Wladi?nttoej (Fori Mr, i m daylight, bul one trl tbe doses
h dnnng tho Hum i irios '■■ tutorial Kith
tho n;t\i 'iition 01 the 00001 t>f Turin;. . pTl ■■•■:: <<1 OUT fearing
at iii or wo had proposed. At ubont twelve o'clock, ho\-
tin- iu- lifted, aud cnalil' I do, nth li'tle farther i&tezniption,
to ancnor for the ni Iu ■«,t \\ ■ i of the inland of Potiir
tin (Foim'thl. Iba bknaVn one of tl«- mftnj bauLtifid baja
whi.'ii nvi pari of tbe eoeai fbxma srltl l3hai latter
228
Lloyd's Note* on th§ Btman 11
•ivnt-*hu|>e<l OX Bfiiii-i-in'iilar iiiiilnpiii. win n A
uiui tn. jii'DTwtioTi of hills p\\v US OT«TT pOffbla security.
ybrettk of tli*- 3Jst ire rt earned -Mil ana r ached Nakhodka
i difltsraa of about ::0 miles, at. about I0"30 a m. I
ire liand i our Russian fellow traveller, M. Budiehtohef, i- topo-
graphical engineer officer En the Russian service, who u&i
returning to Lie duties hero ■ftora^hnrt ahsonco it Wlni
. wAftre lie bud been to consult the regixui
Hm solitary block-house was soon a1 the bead of the hay. — the
only ngDi with the exception of i I Suncsc Mnncht -hut,
of huniiiti habitation. The situation, or rather lhat of iu
imiiMtliiiir nri-Iiiniurii'" i. i i worthy of a higher off
human art Nature in Insr happiest moment* rould mun
hare conceived u hint em&tioii of scenic beauty, and acorns
in iln> beautiful harbour to havi . ted the idea, or edo-
dellfid the plan of the iriistie lutrkw.'enerj ol mrbeot land-
>->}• is. Chiswicka iiti'I Blenheims, in all tut ducal
th, architectural eiVret, imd hixuiric iiKtfX'iuticin, mc
Adeaat over the diversified scene of hill and dole
■round Not ' the bornoi the hunter/' but the. matchlock of
ill** Tartar was beard In the elen in i li we ol the t\>-> r; u hind-
quartaz of one of which, lull of flavour and touderm
un axtm chasm to our visit. To a sportsman it i* eat
Bapposi that ■ lit I" pleasantl} occupied here Yi»-
t<iiir Rualon • the hat companions i>i our i\
topographer, bare sport three yean boro, and are &o prc-
pot ■ --' il vfith the place thai Ibej haw nought mi oxfe-wooo of
i' "ii dco. Out friend, speaking ifhis >Mirr companions* t
a* a singula] nod of good fortune that only ont* of tin
' I ■- ' v - "ivrogne" What the future of such a scene may bcT
upon the resource* whi' h tho rait Government **(
i may !*• able to applj Ui its rolonination. Will
tli' 'i p'.rtmiiii. b of iiu accession of agricultural and mineral
wealth am nndnubtedlj groat, hut in the absence of laboui
can hut hope and admire. The halt- V/e n Muue.ht
a, i In- lords of the untold acres of pi-unv mid wood
around, have an abundance ol fish und game to satisfy theii
. n wants. Our dollar? failed to secure some egp*, fowl,
renison, dried flah, 4c. trait u hunt Knai<rht oft- to tin
Our already veil supplied larder, enabled a*, howovcii !'■
dispense with them. V\> \w-iv ratln'i amused lo And the uatiw
i Mt- U illy alive to iii ' ri'liunpeablo raloc
of tlir nbiquitooa dollar, and the Shanghai mark
fi>rieawaoq, beab»-de-mor, dried fishf etc, Iti ■ i ' n
tradi.-r.t perioilkiaUy vi»it tiit plai i tor tli the latter
cojnin<.niitii.sl or their ezchonge for natrre ruxuriej and wunu.
on tho Coast of Manchuria, '. ". I
It i< rtmngti iliiit with otnva, and an abundance of milk, in <
decidedly pastoral oon 'i;. like KfltfftTff SjImthi, but* r bo <i I
p be nuiafl ii; tho proTinca The Russian poanant'n i|
"i'li«' profitable treatment of cutil«-, md Ins tc-'in-ml unwilling-
nces t>- depart from tin rods and matched makeshifts oJ lii.i
bn father*, il it; deprive Ins rountrv mei. of one of thrir most
coveted luxuri
it wv.\\ bo importanl i<» remember th..t Ota harbour of
Nokl)'tii>.i j: fxosen over for hu week*, and toot tho golden
visions of Jul} mu&t not be rxju'cU'd to !><■ realised throughout
Dma i>ay (Fobs -Sib m. Bstnocb).
Ob Saturday, the 1th of August, wc steamed to the outer
ii iii-nir of < H«*h Bay, after spending four da\ya under nil oa
paasagQ ram Nakhod ioWj a distance of otout
120 nils .
Tin's is another of the man)' beautiful harbours that fringe
theooastui Ku.vMaii M.U.. iiiin.i. It a B3EBU
inner, at ;ih .t i< called the *' careening" harbour, within vnJdi
loment. The outer harbour ia said to bo open
throughout the year, It [sopon to ih« sotrthwmrdj but is*otner>
tend !•• a q id j aflj doping hills, thinly wooded
\\i:li OJftkSj [D8JU60J hheli, n%li, ji>[>riix, nlid OOGMIOnftl wSloWB,
h, eOOlpiin'd Willi tlu! lorost-iruiw of tho more southern
Hiura, bear a -.twit- « S npj. ln.robj indicating an
ii 1 1 Bead vereritjr of the climate The minimum the nomi Bar
pvea --'>' Fahr«whareoe at Wludivoatook it in —10 Fuhr..and
■4 Poatiette -~> Fahj , according to Local acconuta, Tlie vanes
or cerocsioft hexbour w perfectly landlocked ; end u it rei
fa in ita head the oontenta of i snail tv/or, i? closed hy the ioo
foa t'« nr mODtfaa Tho hail if "in- -"litury bri^ ■ "ii!)'
catvexd indication of oommerce* A.1 bht landinc-place ia a
wooden jetty \t the bud md area couple >>' block-bouse
top .. m ■ -I weights. 6 <. with o rusty
Ileal end bayonet] maae e ran mmilKen attempt al a
Lte m we landed. Xho guard ben i limited to thirteen
Miilor*; im<I the- oimniaud.uit expressed hie regrei thai the went
of a boat and boai'fl are w prevented liis returning our officiaJ
cull of the DionunK.
The netii d of Gigs BaydoeeBoterineethealighteel
(proolhifty. It ia . . I ti ■ n ia i oommeadoati a Demi
lieiiteiiaai. .1 leoond In-uf . -j iiin t. ;nnl ii doctor, in v. 1 1- >« band*, it
is presumed, lies the admin titration of Kussian Fale; hut in
ft) -tii-, in i -i .- atituto a> .MijH-niiti ii.l-irirr OYex a colony
.1 300 ouugratiK •hm.viuI, uiumn Fimiiah or Laj^fao
89
Ixorn'f Not** 0» fa* Human l/arl#urt
peasant?, I n. The Jiiuaynr, the transport
rii;it bi »n. I inn ■ home, was at Shanghai in
I '< < -mber. 1863. The colonv is thei They
are local oil rillagevj at the r« li-tancea
of 1, I, 7, anil 10 v«T..ts iVoin Una buy. Na I w« vbatad, and
we Lave every thine to say in commendation of
i- pBtflTDBJ jnSiTiiiiM'iit. ol Russia, inn] of it4 d*-*ire to
nettle (fti ikmvIj- acquired •..•mtory in onatoni Mam hum.
&fc that it has aim. I. b i D remarked tht meet
BnppUea tli" aznjgiut with liou«?f land, food, rlo
forming u1 n il ■-. and lost, but nol [east, with reli
teaching and niiiiii.'il trenrmi-nt Tli ■-■■ -nli-l. ni in'. \
hiv nindr for the filSt hfO v. iir.:; unci. thottld un!> «:
i rfiaappaii I the aim <»f liberal intention, rJ e ant »
Dot I" to Wttl tlir nocwtfjiri. - ■■iflifi . A broad road
was lint . \\\\ tli bre&l itinlly-lniil; [og*houaoa,withtbat<
rooft and glass winnows. Comely matrons, in the costume of the
ItaltK Bhocot] Haxcn-huin*d i-hiluron — the wonder, and pcrhau
f the dusta Little Tungusians around them — ran out to the
.^ or pooped through the windows as wo passed by. Cows of
. ;'.,'-r,iiliMl ibaQ^p^Sj boTSCfl, poultry, Mirnxiixhd
their Small garden-plot*, surrounded b\
fence of cleft ash, birch, or oak, were Remarkable for their red
and white poppies, beds of sweet peas in blo&auin. Good |»'tatoaa,
lettucr.H. and ordinary English vegetables seemed to thrive rety
ml!. The - 1 r i : .- x i i i n named arbniraMy selected, on the gwitly
doping bdtno to tha river ut tin h« ad of the bay. In fcet,
jIim it if i r jn i -in •_' -m-tiIit -i-. littlo to rn;u hi* [ironpecta >*f snectat,
but such a* are incidental to a long winter, ami no mor<? of tliis
than tin- Lower Canadian former baa bo i with. Jnsbsul
i iifo forest and the inborn* of the woodman's ax© before
BOttlesaoutl can bo cropped, we have here oprn plains and
«i>arsely wooilr I -!n ■> .-, go thinly wooded that no man could lie
under the ordinary spring sun ami mid-day tern] i nitureof
this latitude. About fifty OT nsty acre! of arable litud. totally
disproportionate to the industrial capabilities and wants of the
number of settlers, wan indifferently Dropped with ry<
or Warded wheat, oat*, buck-wheat, and potatoes. On prin
soil, decidedly rich, better results might be cxp-
Russian farmer upjwars a dew creature, and devoid of industry.
Old customs, drunken bouts* primitive ideas, clumsy i
i ii* jrl< iim- ut ^, aiid (he w -i'il> uf .i i.:nu .oil stop the way of all
dtural improvement. Wt riatted a Chine** farm, or
i i 1-losure of about a dozen acres, with similar, bat
oartainly better culm, ted, crop*. Tboae wondi rful, ubiquitous
Chinese may not govern, but they eo&triv* to y..
pn the Goat $f Manchuria.
Hoi-ill Laving in the country oi their eoaqoeK r~ 11
may govern Chine; but the Ob maw own Manch uria, and the
(borough-bred Mnnchn, theancienl tad of Ac soil* bai
Mir-, --.i.:iy (-(.zi'ii.vl out of his patrimony There remain bat
i!.. ii.i privilege* of birthright) declined by the j >i* j<
mi; nt . winch i'oiihwI in the I tuperor elthei within
•d eitiee of tho enrol* . ' banner*
ud lli» Grant Wall. A uotnadfa Id Qobu Tartar horde,
iPtttb of tin. Amur, would bo an ethnological prize.
PnrchoftCf were made of sheep at omc d >i .<r. }>;■■• r, li-wls
tl»r*'«« lot- a dollar; eygs and milk se< mdant.
Communication with tho Usuri is not an en r atOlga
Phi commandant mentioned Bou miles below
Lake Kliinka, on the Stnj^achan, a* the nearest convenient j»hh*v
cm the Uvnri. The jonrnr_\ Iicimv i Tin; Oilliert
afford* 70 versla (Hi miles] of rater commnnioatiod in
cenoc>, Lilt ln»i i < n-i lew able.
Oar country walk along tho so-called militnrv road, plensrint
MBOOgl in Jul) or August, moot be a ■•• ri table "slough of
dat] 'it''." for the involuntary traveller after the Hpring-thnv
b and April. Tbo road i« certainly cleared ad free* and
has a certain direction and breadth assigned it by our u
raphical engineer; bui >"atnns ulono stttflif to tho
of repair. What her lam forbid \i- I to do in
road-repairs at spring time, her bountv makes tin for in
cod .im.1,,,1. Tli. hY Ida here arc on.- blooxnifig SUTia
"ii<l flower* i i many varieties inn] lux-. The ail U ladao with
the porfurnoa off the wild clematis and wild rone, EnoUffl
eye be gladdened bj (be meal brilliant oolonrbi^ ^t i II the
ml a«jv*ct of OI"a Bav is, even at thip, ita most favourable
season ng, Demon it* military, and only hopeful of iU
-rrinl character, we are farced to accord it the oonditioBor
status given by a FrenchinaD to bis owncomn meal
Dldl i ii ilnary supervision, SeJgjDM, as a port 'wailing for <le
commerce.'*
XJ1. — On a (kmmunieaiion. Idwen h\di<\ atid ('himt Ltf the
Bwhaempoottr and Yang-toe. By General hiu
Alfi in i: . 'ormv i;.r..
AW, JttDo2*, ISC*..
eel of u coiiimiinJOBtioD Utween our ■ in
Bunnell mul the south-westero pari of China, which has been
talked of for many yoart, has lately Dflein been the* iubjeet of
Danvspondonos between bin [ndia Office and the Government
v::-
Cotton on River Communication
erf I;: i corrocrpoitdciicc has nov Wu printed for the
House of Commons. From tUi h appears I ngb them
eccmnto be do intention of carrying ou1 the '|( >> :
itZOngjh objrrli'd lo liv scum* i/f l\\v writers n; lie- papers, yet
be I i» issued to examine the lino of country in Louer
IWimiii or Pegu and as fax a* our own north-weal frontier its
the direction of the CMnea province of Yn nan, • •■ * t not in tit-
purl of ilurmah proper which lies between th
Et seams reij ttnnge thai such » o/ieMio ernal
oommuiuo&tioD between Endia and China, if it wow tin i at
all, should bo tooted bj -"II thevrrii nich .1 |«nrii»l and
rfeot way. Chia sen dm fa iated from reasons ooo-
nceteil \wtli our [mitiriihtr piovince of India, ami, \\s migU
consequently be supposed, ii h treated bj then
i iC&J RH BtJOQi
Toths Rangoon merchant, of oouw, U was tropli ilieuuc*-
don of how he could b i that port by inking
ii the "in lit of iiii* trade of louta-wesl t bins ; and even lo Dm
Iin' 1 1 illKml it »vii:; I c<'. .- ..Ill',- :i! ■■ ;■ ', 1< itlOD '1 Mi T'M-i.iL' tlH
prosperity of thatproviuiv. l!«L. wlnrii ti»L' ijiii -.t urn '■.,](!(' bi
ii'- Government <>i bdi^nudj if ihould have been treated ina
•\i\\ sron I way. The r« .. W bat ■
inijKirtiUii <■ .. •oiiiK'cTi'i- hiilin u tl; I'liin.'i l-\ .t dire.'i internal
eoininnnienlion ? n.-! : ■ i 1 v . Wlmt would he
such a coiniiiiitiiciitiuii with reference bo tin' whole of India
and 'i. i : - ial interests geneotalh ■
In the punted pap i tittle attempt, in any of 6
to examine either od tie w ftmrtarm utal points; yet oil they en
[nod, all such partial discussion is only . and
mii'lii lead to Immense waste of money. Some y« ra ago,
t!n- nuitt m 'An, befbn nn I. r ili*eusaion, I wrote .
nsndnnq on the sub ■ ■< i, inj] took the liberty of forwarding it to
the Been State, who transmitted it to ' nleutto; but
no reply wan sent to m. . Tin ic was, I believe. 8> ■■ If die-
i'ti- i n »n the point I hud suggested, but, as usual, u>>\
was done.
The bsl question which 1 havn raised — via., What i^ the im-
port* n ■■ A i dinot inknd oommnniaation between India and
China} mi to require tcij little con
thai it is certainly a matter the results of which would be i
fax beyond aO calculation. The throwing open ofalllni
all Clutia. the lu'eoN of a rmintry Containing V'MI millions to the
produrv .1 () .-uuntn occupied by*00 mllliona, and the opposite,
(to say noihin ■ Cent ' would be of its kind n work of
noh BagEUtudo u thai nothing approaching I i it hi
I - --ii seen in the wotl-1, and the 1 ipori ol a arge portion of the
bctuxen India and China.
of Wttfeura China for BnttHM throuirh qui own prin-
irt of Calcutta i* u imperial question of il" twj
imncrtaaoa
An«l even n* respect* the trade between Chin and llussia,
the distance from Kianktn to St Petersburg i* 5000 miles,
nlmcwt all Isad-oftRiogA while the distant (rona the Indue to
the Caspian m 1200 mil.-- . so thai on {he liu of India l
would to water-cam:!-. ■ between those two plnnw. with the
• i"»ll() mile-. ami ; ■ ■ ■ 1 1 1 ; j j *:-i UJUi
But perhaps tka great point of al] ed thfi q u tton I -. thai by
ii i means wo should hare mdi pi odenl aooi u to thai country
by :i Lii- mi which there could be do interference on imjuirt
oi other Europeuu or od American >;. fcj .1 . i-v which w at a
i!ii;ill) hampered in our n<wy* \\s --.' In <-jiw i>I wax, the
. in- • between having to guard our trade to
;.. ami to Calcutta would be i-n iil-uliiljlt?, and I Mippose
nt kucIi a time our uiiolo trade with ('hiua would \x nnriwl 0B
ti rough Calcutta.
What the traffic would beooma if the nisi system of water-
on in India could ho I'unnoi'tod by a Kiiitirrittv
c]u*a|i carriage villi that of China it i* unpouokla I i astnnatej
loif n would certainly be far beyond anything tlmt ha* yet
i, and would | rorido for a capital that would aeooav
pliib anything on this daoH distance of 250 miles between the
tWO Ti .
It iseini to no thai these iVw words lire ciutte mffldent to
entiefv ua of the vast importance of aucb a work,
The next, .in, -sin la n. ,i, Gas ■ railwey bo laid from
Rangoon to Vuuuu? but "What is the boat line by which ft
■ 'Miiiii ;ii i-;i?ji n ran I"' i '-t.iliii-lirii ln't^'CH tli'.r tw« .' < 'uUIltriiW ?
'DiMv an three oonch&Cre objectlow to Che oa with
ifangoon : — 1st. That to load tli' traffic !" an in if port
Ukfi tlmt, if it r;i!i be conducted to the great port of India and
tli- -v:ii ot « Mtv. nun- nt, ii i bi tonsly "ii od Uu mn Rtun 2nd
ii frould noi conned the greal bodi of India with China, but
.ulicant provinOQ Containing 2 niillit.ua 1.1 people.
3rd! It u 900 miles Sana E) ' ■ . I ■ ■ ah i si sU
of which would probably bo Isnd-carrisge; and 11 ir<*\
■u. il to reach watar-carringi in Qbina. In irhioh all the
ti::ii i- of the country is carried on. Witboul this • mly a
trifling traffic with the thinly popular d | torl&OQ ,ii Zt M
irried on, Bv nothing ofanj oonsequeoce ran bat i
mil"* oj land-omiaga
The moment HO iu*k hue
lor internal communication between b< ia and I Una? it m
:u..iwi-ird— Choi ifli so Car a* what ia dwiraolc gM • — und ttu
2Z4
COTTOS m Birtr CemMvnicatit*
the line from the narigable port of tho Borhatnpoo!
Of ili* Yang-tag*, a antia&ee n I ■> I el I> under 250 utiles.
deed, in one place, aocccdn maps, it U only 80 niiles
ifl highly
babte that both riven are navigable; but it teen
taiocd tl»t there is vcrv veto these point
The Burbaaspootex iia* been navigated to tl>e gre
near Sudiyah, and the Yung-t*ae to probaMy within ft
of the iirnnst point to tli;it. or eboni L600 milee froui
Surtdv, there cannot be the smallest question about tbib being
the line. unless it should bo found to be ahsolut: |y i infract*-
cable, of wW •!. there b i t the smallest probability.
, II ifl the shortest lino between the b bin and
.< hUi of thfl port of Calcutta. 2nd. It w
the il the two systems of water-tmnsiL
3rd- It does not jtaao dttOOgfa die heart of Hannah, or amy
r.iu.r gnat tovmgn state, hot only through small depend
ut ntate<, through which tin us to transit
wonM I" !'<t i<< -.
1 need not bore enlarge much upon the absolute necessity
of QllH' iHHJHfW in order to make aecw*il>!<* the [muliice of
any largo extent of country [ not I of what would bo
eouraytxl bj water oan beat the coat h ili<>usui<lh uf mil
laud-carriage. When wo come to BWTS tlnm 1UU mil*
May ami fill other modes of land-carriage entirely ML
were lately <Mrryiug cotton from m '-west to Calcutta
IW. ,i too, end trom thence to London, Bfl a times m far, '
;;/. i titii i itl..- ootton, worth 100/. a too, <
not Lear audi a charge j lennanentlr. What becomes of
no - i>i producSi wcra bom -V. to 2CUL a too ? Tfaaj
i irri ■! ; j s iter or not at all.
In I ow revising tho whole systoni of nai
.:. hnpevtng sad completing Et ttiiougbout thi
h iiud l-r.-.-liii >>i they End
eannot oowpete with other ooontrii bay ue own
tinllv dependent upon la&d-«arrlaga.
Tin* Miiuti in tin I States. A report by a Cgmiuishm
1 . I.iiolv bean laid be Government OB this
shewing ili" nl tdote ueoessjt; of the moat i \m\
ments of I r ady magndflo 1 1 wator-communicatioaa.
says, w To do away xctth the enormous cod of ail rail irantporia-
aaroai (he n i lii • at, it, in |ini[N»*'d to make n eoran
car.ii.-n of navigable watei from tho Ohio Rivor," to. Ac And
aamt of the projects now under ocnurfderatiou an-, lo improve
rti udiole line ot the Mississippi from the highest point ;
cable to the sea; to make a ship-canal from tho Lakes to Hal
bctvxai India and China.
WS
ippi; .mother ahJp-eana] mood tie Bafli ol Nia
i llir I . ■ ■ ;ili;il from I \ I l I. ,
nji'iii which they bftva i -.-iiv jot) exp
' OB ii tb I I OOQBtdM in the fiic*<* of tho mo«t
ill';- v-i. in of double Kdlwftj . ibowing riurf Bflen navy
tviril, [hi-\ Ii:iVi- ln.ri pitied S.li.lk U) Ul Uj i'.htv lln-
OXUltry at practicable p
So it h in Bogknd even, dart as thedktana m Hie
grot trtffio "ill, country is still oarriod by water, by the coast,
river* and I'nnai.i, utterly imperfect Bfl the mtCRltl Wi
ninnjcations are, not even fitted for steam power. Several of
thcec. Buenl ly imperfect tlToti ami canals oam m< n ban u
mfllloo tana ) year, with douhU* ttH anning ly thi
of them; animal or human pom f on TCta onmptot fy > j»tinp
a Liiul, after spending 30*000£ "i -lojOOOJL a mile
on the railway, while -KMW. •< 300W oal] has been spent on
;iii cm igstka DOB.
Nothing therefore oa • «- ltuin than thul tin? one point
of paramount importance in this co*s is to find the short' -*t yriv-
■■ line of land carriage : and it is m<w. remarkable thai thin
UnO IS the very our that inn thai rOquiltUl nl.*. .1 H I
nil practicable. On the one nidi we hate iratar-ftransrt from Snr>
rurhn-. .'Jf.mu mil ■ , to Budira, with only one Interval of 190 miles
between the Sotlejand the Jumna, of too eaaleetpoMlblo country.
.hi. h a ^anal has already been planned ana attimated, and
which would coMt» perhaps, !^X»>IW Hi/. ; ..nd .m tin- ether .wrral
thousand miles of i-i\- ■■■al i*< •ntn-i-t-cil. 1 ii' which one con-
tiinMti lino by the Yang-teao, 1700 I Canal LOO
mile.-, and jmiluibly 180(1 nun ol the yellow River, b En all
8000 nib -. 80 that this one line of 7000 inilee. fan Korra-
ehec into f.ho heart of Chinese Tartury, i* only l.r tan by two
■ I*, om "!' wlii.-li ire know eanbe overeomo at a cost quite
trilling. There is, indeed, little hope of water-transit b« log
eitaMMied on tka other Interval of 200 ta SM uOaa, from what
wo know ol tii.- •■on, id-. ; and this is undoubtedly a very great
pity. Bat wen b land carriage which would conieot rach vacfc
extents of watai4ittes and m uraepopolatioi hoof
incoleulahl* \aiit<\ and will certainly justify nl Ij any pos-
4bL« axpe&dife
"l"l«" 1 ih.-a remain*, What do vu know of this tract of
con)
On tho Indian .nlc we bare the published Mhwt of the In
Atlas, No. 138, oompilod from the in -i the officers
nf Goverann nt sent tooxplorc it during war,
as far as tlw Irrawndy, with ih rta. and also the roootta
23C
COTTON on Hiver Communication
of Burmese merchant*, who bow trade betwc' a 6 -■ two rivers,
ill.- [nmwadj sod Burbampooter. Tlie fanner pnxsaded by
to 96° 3U', within 2oO miles of the FaogtaEOt as it i- In 3
down in the maps, and thence by land to the lrrawady ; but on
tli.- lin«- thry pasted over ih-y OTlMMfl vet] Ugh I'tuL Their
expedition terminated at the lrrawady, just 100 miles from the
fang-tate.
UttchOttti aW reported to travel by a road
sniuJi ..i" ih.'it tin.-, sad to state thai there is nowrioiw obstruc-
tion of nriy kind a* fur iw tho Frrawadv, but what height they
I li;n<- iuA heard. U-U. ). T li * ■ Ina\wi<h itii-l Yun^-
',<■:<• 1 lmvo no in:. .rni.'ilirit, oxoeptin<r what tho pabliebod map*
pTO, which appear bo bo all copied from the Jeeoiw map uf China.
Whether the latitudes and longitudes are thorn rore
gjreo 1 bttVfl DO information, and i thinl: no Kuronvau has
ritited that tract in modern times. Hie gentleman -*li»> i
gated tho *un$»-tsao proceed ■■(! to within about 200 miloeoftbo
■ t point of that river to the [rrawady, mid tLcy ascertained
that it was navigable beyond that.
I oot leg to the maps the line from tho [rrawady to the
■-I-/.I' is across ihc Im\ ••) tin- ■ ■ iin.tn . ;nnl ll ■ '"■
Mokom arc represented as dividod by mmih i: : . i»ut wiiother
tin"- is oorrect) arwbather there are any KteppeM or jummm through
those mountains does not appear, in the course of my i
ncoriog c.\]h iii nrr so many supposed insuperable obstacles
vanished** *oon iw tlioy wi-ro looked into, that I uiu always
ceminiici Moi i.. i-. drusned by one till I have ascertained thai
if n ally • i
Thus we are not certain thai portions of this Line may not be
macticablfl lor waterways, nor what the precise distance really
is. The liivt thing b 1 1' lion \ il m-U r.<. i;; to cxiuuiuu this line
of ooontry. h would ble to do it from both sides; on
t in ■ Indian tide following the route of the liunin-w merchants1
to tin* lrrawady, and so on iu tk« eastward; and on tho China
sii!.- ,li:illliBjJ apthfl Vail; 1 w'.. ' :i- In-I I :i- [.l:irf ■■• ililo Httd flu I!
pro ■ eding i>v land to the we toraztL
Tin- In(<- lumyatuta of tin- Xattg-taxe saw some of the cllii I
the tribefl inhabiting tli..' mt.'i in. li.it' roiinliy (tho .M
il hineee call them), and found them extras Ij u-ndly.
and willing to U» united. Chey are quite of a distinct race
b< i 'I. n.. . , and probably aro of the same u the Karma,
north ofBonnahi They seam to baa vary Una raoe, in a *t«t*
very siaulai t«> that of tho Bichlanden <»i' Scotland 200 oe 'JOU
i, Proceeding time train both sides it is probable that
it woul I oof take loug to examine tho 100 or 150 miles between
.iwndy and Yang-tsxc.
fwttmn India am? Gkbut. 981
It in inure IliiUi |>l ■i!i;iiiic Unit :t if n imrlit 1 >* ■ found MWlQff tho
missionaries iii CJppo* Ijmm end in Banmli who en atraeay so
well acquainted with thoM FftOOl that Ihej would intdi isUud
perfe<". to deal with thorn, and who would gbdh nnder-
tbc duty of exploring the lb ■-. Hi -. might abo ISOW so
niiicli of the lanffDHj'' s sjHik-ii ;\t would facilitate (In milium-
cation with them. A I -ivin<jstono might bo found among them
who oonld make hi* way to wo akoorij If only it were tilled wiih
uii'iviiizod people,
Pert of the hue would. I believe, paw within the Brontii
the petty mate* dependent upon Btrnoah, und part thro
similar states altogether independent.
. If a smell Rut iteamer, oftbt smallest draught, van lent up
the V; ng-tsw*. a would bees eeej mutter to go to the highest
jMiiiit. iihv^mHc. i«:-permlU -is llirr-- art' roul-min.'- mo\t wm )«#■.]
on tiu vi r, banks of the river, bo Chat a iteamer might proered
without any deb] . Ef i imaU steamer like those sent out I
ray, di -awing only I foot, and capable of working at 10 or
12 mile* an hour, were uncd, it would be: a very :
to the great bend of that rii
It might also greatly assist tho expedition if a similar steamer
vara -Hi up tiir Irrawadr. TIiih river is repreesntod in the
maps as passing within 100 miles of the Yang-taro; and it fa
imt at. j. 11 likely that it should Dot !«• navigable Cor rerj BbaUow
steamers in Juno, whon tho miow i ni'-itm^. On Mny'lMth tho
expedition found the Irrawady in 27JC North latitude -ford-
jiWh*," eo thai it mtut havi been navigable thereabout! in thai
month; for the find would of eourr-- DO ofaoafflQ wh< N the river
was filial lowest-, and "fordable" would hardly mean lew than
2 or 3 foot of wa ai there, So also »» reesel might bo sent up
the Hekom or Gatnbojeev one of the affloenta of which isrepre-
anted a a largo n Bes long, and wi
20 miles < I tin- V.uij-i
1( i« iliiu evident that upou examination the actual distance
in which [and-carriago may be found unavoidable rooy be
small. And ii b aunoel certain that the distances between
Bb to which small steamers may be run whon tho snow is
melting are rery short indeed; ■.!/.. from Che Burhampooter to
the En i 1 1: ion miles, thence to the Balnea 50, thenee to the
Mehom 25, and thenee to the Yang-tsze 25; so that land pal i<
BQfjpOtted by steamers WOllld bftfO VI rj liftlo dillieultv exempting
SBCfi as DUghl nvitu- from (he inhabitant*!; and wo have
;i to believe they would be W ncDy if tike expeditions were
"nd.--r tin ..j :n twionuri.s who worn aeeuitt uned to
races; li 1 would know how to deal with thanx Two or three
small steamer*, just largo enough to carry exploring parties,
238 Cotton on Hiver Communication tcttcren India and China.
would not oo*t BOOT* tbftn ml tin"* would probably 1*
the el may of eondueticg the ion, wwll ** the
evfeet*
With rcspoct to the mode of opening tl
aurio points i<> be kept in fien wmui to Lt? —
let. To open the line, in bowerer rough a way at first, as
•ililv u poeeiUt
2nd. To do it in pensive way at first, connecting the
lino and perfecting: tin* conniairictttifli roes.
■ '. To have mm little woric on the nut as pofldUe.
ltli. To establish ports at different points, in which rail
persons might reffide, to connminJcuUi wiUi tin* difFwwnl native
enthocitiee, &c
."tin To establish light steamers on the different river
t :. MozCA, provisions, Ao, while the li ie in botng
established-
Tin- groet point mm 'ins to Ih» lo ivory on tin1 v OB to
M little di pendant aa jK^aaiblo on local labour. IV this j ni
I- -irfiiis nothing Like i raw aarrowgaagB imIwbt, i
is in operation In the rale of Feetiaiog In Waloe, v. u th ie only
^ or 3 feet guage, aud yet it is eren worked with locomotive*.
B railway Could be li id with extremi'lj little labour on the
-]".i. -ml oould be Bniahed in u ■■ rt time if the materials
'Mii'ii be a dti ped by > tl it fco thr »r four jw-iin i line.
It woald of course bo hid with very sharp slopes and curve* in
ihu iir*1 instance if mve^s;iry.
There would be many advantages in proceeding in thi* way,
uilly a 10 Utile expense would be incurred : *rlug
the ground, that the line might be altored at any time, a
country was moro fully explored, without any great lose; the
inn • required would be greatly reduced, SUS-
i bti Mai Bat cost of eueh a line would be Tery uiodi
If timber ooald In* obtained on \h- «put, or conveyed by water
tho bonis of the different rivers, continuous .with
square iron trams of only lj-foot gauge ou the ibers,
might ho laid down in the Bzat butane*, to be worked br horses
■ •i bollocks walking by the sido of the rail* A perfectly effco
o{ omIv 2-feet gauge, was laid at the Godavery
the carriage of atom . wioeh .-,, t i!()<i<L or #1)01. a mile;
and tliis would be of great use t«> initiate such a linn of nod
-(» complete woiki wore in bund, so that by the time
* I cannot find ftuj bfonootion wo-enn* this line. Cape Kpryeu
h»vu furoUhod Inform* lion rrtpeeriog a mere Junction liu* from Kugoos to
. inn tin Im i ftprtik of, from the gmt band of lb* ?ftag<tn«7fn lat xj
and [usj ,n llic dufction of Sudijm on the ttuihuiujMwtcr, u fir k (k*
Irravudj, etemi ;<■ be totally unknown.
Laxtrey* Notes of a Journey :'» the North- West of Pekiru i23l»
the latter wore ready for the traffic, the traffic, havinp bam in
(be in- an time ii.Mi-i it. to Udi Hn»\ vonld be Qm
railway.
'I '. .Mii-. i[ would bo of the greatest importance to make
i -roiinnunic.vtion uk far :u the line eould pOOffttlj mlmif.
of it
I should add that a new imporianoe n prao lo (Li
•-•o:tiuiuiiiiMti(>ii at. thm tun- by tiie ttii apcculutions in 1 |
Awiiiii. Ii wemi to be Btdh tBeertained that thai province i<
oJ ■ \traordinary fertility, ana that nothing El TOttflod Iwd tflhou
to jnnkc it qb of the Bnetl BeUfl forth** oxnplojtneDl of Brrtirih
capital and energy that could be found If only ROOM could be
given to it fron i direct, then cos basdly I" ■ doubl dud
uny Hl&ouut uf hilxiur could be obtained.
XIII. — iVaf« ofn Journey in th$ N«rth*Wut Neighbourhood of
Pekin. By Joxek Lampuky. Eoq* mji., iJ7th Kegt, F.tt.o.8.
We**, June 24, 1807.
It was not till tbo autumn of She year after tlu rigni
Trc4»ty of Peace is 18*50, that the northern pxoYincea of I
iairly opened to the excurwion-Iorin^ English] a u . This
dclaj in .1 nioo and neceaanry ibocj undoa Uw peculiar
C iriiMi-t;;nri--: of OUT being BO rrri-nllv ill i\nr will) the DCOtlle,
and our military occupation oi an important city lull
DQ who KB cfcOTOtoriwMJ by M-li-coi:rrii j,ml ,i t'-hn- n\'
roperioritj over "II toeigneza. It was vail* b log among
5ucli u i^oplo foa ili'- first time, that the] ^hrralu baro some
report i -I ii-. and thai thej ihotdd know thai me vara not the
ontemabL irerc blthi rto i:p|»used to bi .
During om occnpstiaii of Tien-tam, ft was interortin
observe ii ■ • 1hi( tnok plucu in the dispositions of the
inhabitants toward* ns, and bow complete]) misttnal gave plaoa
toooofidonoo. Alter o f 6w month i in. they
soon huw that though oooqnei ''1 they irona nol oppn
tfwt, though there was a force of about thro- thi
■ -ii • r qiiftrtorod d ag thi e% th y wor ■ I w and
"tiler, and that tastloe, ttdn ; in matter* in which they
m n portk . was na fair to thom as to on n vo Mid
.••II lor anything to purchased from them or when liiaj ironced
for jig; wo mmed tli< ir <l"stituto jtoor. and estatlished a
bail -irk. nil which eircnmstAnccii being notioad
a peculiarly- obaorrunl pooplo, did nol U] to iptaad onr
putution throughout the nortUeni provinces and securo that
240 Lawkey'* Notes of a Journey in the
i,-:.,.. . i ,.f .! oiviKtj which the Bxonnrionisti w/sA with aba
they travel I ■■• L
TJi- :•--.' nr tion* to travelling were removed gradually. At
first a party consisting of two or Three were allov w«
' kin bra fi*w days, win m limy amn
the hospitality of tho Embassy. On i am othi r
ilit s;iiiin iitiuli'.i- Subsequently, them visits were extended
to tho Great Waul One party, mora venture on
attempt to opiate further infeuuL end so
much of novel inti itlumi mooting ant anpleaaaot
vi ataro; and. by the spring of tin- year 166% tho escai
wan extended into Manchuria, tfongona, Bhanri, and Bli izi
so that by this time the north, m province* have been pi
freely traversed
Ql the different routes taken at first it i* difficult to say which
was the rnoal bterestingi One led to Woukden, the am
Dajdtal i i tlit* Munch ub. Another to Jehol, a royal I
Eunoufl by Lord McCartney* expedition, Another b
liumhlr hut boSptabla tout* <if tlio Mon^uliunx und their fI<H'kiL
Another through tho bold and picturesque mountain passes of
Sfcaurii while the lava] plain of Pechele was nol without it*
interest, though do doubt Shantung possowed the moat intor«rt-
ing nf all objects — tho tomb of Confucius ami th
i -two of hi* living deaoendant*. Tims ill-- traveller, who
has iilrt.niy axhaUtttf 1 l i of Asia, can now turn t<
farther east, where hi will find a most interesting and in
tl Ipeoteo riiii.]»ur\iliv.-l\ »nr.\|'l'irv(-| .'onritry.
The beflidea for travelling in the n< rtl of* fhiroi ure abun
tin' .n mi. r\ ii everywhere tali naed by tolcrnhh roads; I
ate excellent Tartar pooiea with the t«-*i of reputation
ii ■ i'i sod .-nduranoe; also the ordinary country mole-cart*,
i.muniemnto inn.-, though th< re is OC no small
diwomferl to be encountered in being at times obliged t"
cm the rood of the people dressed after their owa fashion, aad t!.<
inferiority of inn* sornetirnefl met with in reroute nlnem
To enjoy an osetualoa into thi i to the Vt -t ,i'l« nr .;
znudi depends on the season of tho year. In the autumn
weather b sufficiently cool to n aks imvi
toward? the iniddli "!' th luoiilh i.'f N"i vembei wfi m a mil !■
full of i' mporatOTQ to freazing point nmkas the night* suflieioutrv
ooldaad d&agra able. Still i xcuraionti haw been made
wintei with a temperature not far from mn\ ami nrvi
many degrees below it, bat it require* the hardening of a
previous winter tu male an excursion .ii this purticula
either aaft or agreeable. By far the pieaauitcet time is the
pringi in the months of March, April. May, and a portion of
North-West Neighbourhood of I\.( fa
Ul
June, frbsa i.li*' landMsape puts an ■ taoti refreabing green
appeal kdd i and tin* innumerable flowering plani
tD4 DOQOtrj deck tlumseWcs with t.li-ir gajeofl i>h»«nui;-
verdure
Tin Bjp :i )!;<!• of a paily storting on 0B6 of then < xcuraions
ROBSl wh:it pirtui- DIM : tin- fiuintry Cartl, undo drivers, nml
»c servants, #i\>' itn peenliat eharuct* r, while the COataroQ
of (bo RnrDjvsn^ though much modified Uy furs Ac, mm
sufHcaeutly national to excite tho uaaflOmooit of tbfi pOOpl
rin ■» ware Jiu-i. with. Data irere,ofcouj e • ph-trh
id gave pboo
ii | ■!:■:■• - -; tho doth coats with their nunuroofl pocket*, the
divu-d-'d, and guv.? place! to fur 4«apn or wid ■ e JcM wrapped
[M'.uli:ir i-ul ijf the ui'ther garment*, and the hieji Ii-atln'i I.miN
nitt -purs, wore enough to dtetact tke <■
Qhini se mil -I and wottta doubtless in many instanced nqoally
Mtouish fKendi nt homo,
Tin tin- ordinmy mod* of OOBTI wiiav, and fa
north of China it is stoutly built* tow two wheels, an I
with Bpringv it tolerably hv< from Jolting
ess of the roads and the «wy pace at which rttra
rally at the rate of about twenty mil
ith cloth utratcbed ow a wooden I'lani'-wnik mada large
enough t , ., q iMinmodato one person comfortably with hie bed
mid lMiggiigrg, Although built utter u <'(muiii.hi patten,, I
belong h>x n» tli- wiNilth '-(l up with do oid&ar i
ni ithcw; they are yoked to a mulo, with urn rli. i
harm ietfogofa bridle and long driving-rein*. » collar to
which tho traoofl aro attached, u straddle and bumls to support
tiir e*rt ; jilUi^'cthtT much ivsnnLlnr on. own inttthoo, A
■! i li. f|Ui-utly uttuehed with Irocei '-oaneeted fritb
tho axlctn'i , and kept from tnn»lin; b) bei&fl pi Bed tin
Eronloopi batoned on the free end* of the abaft. The driTOrabows
< \' rllentakill in bandlingkie wayward and often n bb -niaiiimala
with reins and hm ^-handled whip; sits on the shaft ru-ar the
body of the curt ilioiitin^outrepealedlj MGhe< ' _'h< !'<.r"Wko!
who ! " jn-ri ai an [Oxi^liah ploughman would o cmonaD]
w:th in. ■•.' ii. BowOTSI rude they imiy appear in our eye*,
these carte are undoubtedly ttw prototypes of our cabs and
Olid were long OBOO ID China U't'on- rln-y w-re thought
of in Europe:. In lVkin theeo Ottta BTO to I" wen slan !:
row* in the street*, waiting for casual hire jiwt 08 our cubs do
in London.
lla>in}< liinvl one of tlieen carta, and packed ii with wbal
Ibougbl to be aeoeewy for the road, and taken the preoanfion
t" md i' 'ii :li«' avening previous, under tin- of n
Chinese servant, no as to get clear of tho town, I mounted
VOU X2LXY1I, 'B.
:J .11
clow
242 l '• i mcr'* Note* if a Journey in the
my lioree, a Persian Arab, which bad EWMltl] boon * bOOp-boaB
..I the Iiidi'm mvulry regfUMUltfl thut had been employed
--late can nrud at an early boar wing
morning, 23rd of October, 1861, in company will a guide who
rode o Tartar pony. Proceeding through alone line oi
crowded at thai earl) horn vrilu people ■*">' .< >,-■ th.
prodn i .'1 l'!i::ih m i rp-d into ihu utrr.
ji1m>ii1 two mil- - distant from tin •. ily rut*-'. I ■
rood on the right hand, and following the southern bonk -i the
upper m ■ -t.-i d nvi r, «.r Shang Bhiho, for about thn u i
reached tin farry-boal Btatkin, v ien we had no difficult]
passing oursclvx end bo&Ga across1. Ihi river, w> i not far
;|il course, AWing eastward, Mhonld be, mo* |'t"p*«rlj
; tang, called a canal, owing to its narrowness and the
rial embankment apparent in many plao ■<. It k»\
of the important tributaries of the Vemo, which
bee to Tii.n-1 id, aad judging by tho numerotu long, narrow
whlob mn being tracked np m. In ;i i miliar to
what ono sow on the riven <»i : . it must support n very
iderablc amount of Crania
Our ooutM Iaj to the westward, over a flat, unint
i-'iuniry, I j- in- lln -.line uionutonotfr aspect and <uiti>a4ed
much in the name manner an seen in tb»- vicinity ol I'ien
On all aid 1 wen Balds of null- b-tttubble, or wintor-wbMt,
beautifully plant l d Irflls, now two or three indies above
ground, and ■ i 'm i .mullv ri<*U1s 'it' mtton-pluht. Tlirro waa a
coaxidrrabln amount of recently-ploughed land; and now and
apain rillago . ntrrouxidad with a few willow-tiece, wei
in lln* i,i-i un- . A i I -ii; tli wo rnarhed a villngn Inr^rr I
usual, called Wang-shin y;-T«», and Kiuppi.-d nt
This inn woe o poor affair, com]
with other* HibHctjui'iit.ly met with. In outward ippearam
differed little from tin n retched shops in the si root, i xo pt that
it had ii tornpotarj rerandnh, constructed of wuttlea and nutta,
rli" door. On entering tho inn, I found a strong odour
>i nil frizzling in Mcwpans, into which tho cooks v\» r» -Impping
I pork or mutton; nther men m rc« biuy ■ •
regotabl oi ii ing dough, or baking cakes in on na, In
ihort, this waa the Itftcnon <>i tin- rstahlitflinn-nt, th:< i ■!: nhirh
it waa necessary to pa b< Ebrc entering the proper aaUe a
manger. Tin* mriftisted of a long, low mom. lc-iiinl .»
fSSc by papezed windows; aorernl small sqmim tablea wore
arranged at each aido, and r-<-p nit ■ 1 from racli ntlifi I»y rii
fonntj whSoh wm mostly ocenpiod byeountrym< ntly
uf th(! aame cJaas as the ruulixlriTcr and w i
by rln.'ir ootwmrd appearance. Ihey were ull busy vvith i
North-lVett NH<jh?K>nrhoc*l <>f V
morning im-al, . ii ■ morsels with tin- oboprticfcl OUt of
the bowls held In the. loft band. The chopped q . . iblaflt
ii.-,. -iip, Ai„ were all served up in small bowls, ea<-l> nun-
biimtioii Ii w II kimwii nimnv Ihfl ferthfjd 01 f tllQ
room wii- pruMM-d With it I. mi:-. 01 MHOd pl.itlnr,,. ..n tin. t- <1
iipjNih nil', iff smImI iii.i-m ii ;, . Iih I 1:111 r< ill fin- |hi1\ "' N ■
flm\ 1. ttding Lu U tOXtUOttt uuuuirr Inua a lirepluc*! eonStntotod
outsido the roam, »' that wii*n tin- kamr liri-uiiic- h-.-ilf <l it
kffivds a «' <••• daring i!i< .'oiriort vrotttlnT.
This also constitutes the bedroarn of the eatnhliihinonL D i
are in wovena] use throughout the north of chin*.
fl Ll tin in is (he BoQUim PaL ■ mM 111 « vi-ry house vrc
occupied during tha expedition hi the north of China;
the boggart boYolaara provided with tin in. Tin Uu^ in this
in u was OOCUpied by a party of nun. wlm wen* en; .1 -"-1 drinking
i<';i .wi< I smoking pipesj others were fast asleep iwnl >-t retched
out m foil length an it.
So soon as tl 1 an mta and horses hod finished th.-ir meals
»vod on our journey, still to tho westward. Tho rood lad
Utronsjn it mom wooded coantrj ; th* tree* were ohiafly willow, of
a good oM p^e. Tho opuntrj poonla gave tcij little heed a* I
i»a..v(l Ii;. Im-jij" all luiifli rii-uojad m threshing out tin niUofe
I'i.ni. 01 Darting mm h • soldo the mil) -i -i: II., &o. Tho
castor-oil plant appeared to be cultivated to some extent Still
tho eoontiy oonUnnod il.it; farthor on, how* vox, at a distance
of about 2o ouloi from 1 L n-t tin, 'in- coiiiiirv became slightly
nodulatorr, and at length qui road pasaod on to an rniTinV
ui<'iit win. h 1. in- \\..ui. ii|>| — ■ ., ■» 1 origin tfud 1 for a
railroad. Further mi, this embankment hutl ! iiinn' tin- .inp.wi-
ane<! of Immii^ :it ■■•!!- - time 1 -! .i-'-IhV. <>:• d< -bank, liming
on th*.' -'Miihcra ajrpoct .1 declivity of tl .111 ">U li-tt; while on
r.ho northern .'i. ;i .in:ill bond separated the nunmil from Otm
country whi:*li was on a level wit Ii it. On lowing the road,
ng to the north i" sea mote of the upper platoatij I
found, al toe distance of about a mile, tho dry bad of a rim,
Whioh, I found, wan tin- Hoozt-hOj tho wulei of which hud boOO
turned Into the .Shang-shi-ho by means of a dam boiltacro
QP ite COIUWi I hiring tho [netting .1 thi
■.luri Ice in tho mill when it takej In rioa. tl ■> "^ iiIhwh
tho dam, and boats from the Peiho arc oblo to tail up it for
a short tuna Than won =» few bonla ulw wd on Uabanka, but
th?y had all tho appearance of being ferry-boats- This river
in the Shi ud anion theFtiho noaj 'lV-n-tMn. On
• -I- ri; ■■ lowoi platoaOa 1 noticad laves*! smaller bunds
extccoing some liiil-- distanoo from the amhanhm* at and
/nii.-i.d rJioy had been constructed for tho purpose ..f reel umi.^
£44 Lamtreyj Notes of a Journey in (lie
land or proa rrmg it from on ovcrlloH linrmg pci icxfa of floods;
Tli,- aspect of 1 1n- lower plateau had much the appear***
befog 11 dry bed of a great riter sereta] miles in width : the
roimUv foi tliat distance to tin- southward nppcnnt] to be arid
. snth in-nlnr potchfll i if <*ultivati< O Utd willow plantain n -
TWa i liararl' r \i;i- jir-crwd foraUmfl milrs sJoDg Utfl OM
i cnbankmeni Oould this I in of U riginal cfaa
of the bellow River, which tradition and the top
histories of the Chines »j oi flowed, and now k known
low, into the Gall oi Pochili?
On ii', return lo Tjen-Nin the road ted more along the
oi tin- embankment, which I found gruduully lei
in height till if appToar-Iu-d within n few miles •. f Ticift-taia.
where ir doped off to the level of
There wH one pari of its course 1 observod to &
i bo ■-tills eonatruoted : it was in n pari wliera the llneu-ho
approached oloee to it, and buret a way through I motif
on the Miulli iuhI diil much damage. There iru no doubl that
it was ftrtifloial, bat in other places I could get no information
from (he country people forthei than "it wn«. alwayi Ui
After the no baa ■ t bjvj it became dark, we de^mMided
to the lower plateau and oi village, where wc foun
inn K&reah worthy of the name. Hie tnuming air of the
following day felt very chilly, and a dense fc# obscure I
landscape. Our road led through extezudra plantations id' dwarf
willow. .•nlti\:i!i-d for making thn biwket* which are iu inch
general use all through the noi-thini provinces. As tin
nrivumvd, the sun shone out through the morning mist, and,
after a pleasant ride over undulating ground, through willow-
phatatioxu ud orchards, we arrived al a village when
guide said he had some n lutnui*?. I was glad of tin oppor*
tunity of in [hi- ititcrioi eroiini ,\ <■! tin. lum
to his cIium i.if the jHnpir, and readily consented to H
bouse win I- he proposed to stop at, intending to i iovi on the
following day. Tho villnpe consisted of about i **?***
inud-1'Uilt uii-1 one-storied, some of which were tiled* *
thatched with straw, and arranged in a Rtragglius
the road and shaded mostly witn willow-troos. On thoop_
side of the road iu front oi tie houxe where I staved them
;i I .n v | i ■• , tii.-ic»-:r'd by a fence of niillet-*talk, forming a
Barnyard, in which Indian com, millet-etalk, cotton-etelk, bc*n
.on! I-, ■>v.-iii,umi jilirit: uorr shirk. -d. In I li<- rrntrrnt the
a Iniid. area wurfacc was prepared for three]
plants, which ik dono by uiflbrant mnthods. Par metancBt iba
bean* and eeesamuni pWta are token up in bundle* in the
hand* and bcutcu against a atandin:' funm-work; the Indian*
NorUt'H'icU NrioM/ourfood of PajMi,
m;>
Corncob* poviotndy wn-dricd ou th< i-M.f- <>i' 1 1 ■ * - houses-. &*•..
*re kttui'Ic by long atldka bj men and women aitting row
heap of the cobs on the ground: fchi cotton boa abeedj beau
picked lt\ ilic lvunirn and children while the plants were
etendin? m Ihi Odd; Bad the millet, who*- coU have h i
moored from bbs stalk in the Bald, is "is of
■tim roller, not unlike a ^nlrn-rollw, yoked to B EBulft or a
donkej, and frequently paaaedov- 1 the ooha nattered to b wide
ci-i-l.' on the ground. Mill.-t is by I'm h<- noht mm w - .-■ I J v *■■ 1 1-
tfaated CKip in the north "l ^liniii. not only on account of tin
fad it yields for muii and Cattle hut. slao : ■ < ■< > thl
■ 1 1 purposes to erhii h - v ct part of tha plant ia applied [Co
novate them all would Le as «* u * 1 1 1 ■ - > u enumerating I li i -
purpose to h-IiimIi tin- QOQMMnM pnlm aQVTOSiri tmhieal
He -talk- v.u-y IV'Mii (I 10 tS (nt in lcri;*ih. ,ii .o n ■ abotll it.ii
ii-ii in diameter nt tho base, tapering to halt tfafl width alike
top. 'flu: Mt'Tii, although jointed, is not hollow as in othei
J''ii';:!- hut tillml uitli fl lt'.*lil pilli: li»-iu*»- I'h.a are laffiofeDtly
strong fin fi aoei . for A htamn :, and for formira with o lam i oi
audi the iklfrvralk of houm for the puot Whan iplil Bad
made Hat thoy are W mo nto neat-looking mate, used jh
covering the kangs on which the peuple sloop. J'hu tuill^t-
-f ii I. ill... whieh remains after (she stalks sm Dot,
tofauoUe material for fuel. The lunrc •niiintitii .J of millet-stalk
bond in lb* rfllsgeSOf Ictiing imd Tnkii afforded no Kinull aid
to tho military •» 0? the English, in I860, in 00H-
ateueting batteries filling up ditches, and 1 1 1; i K i ■ ^ ; * roadways
over Bwaniiiy gtoQfidfHttaa to wltfoh tfeeGhf&eea Q6T0r thought
they would have been applied.
While staving at this bOQN 1 hud abundant opportunity
examining tna fanning impIenMBta commonly naad through-
tuil the nord oi China, and umnn:r>t tln-in I was much struck
with tfio seed-sowing inwhine in general use. it \w.uld be
difficult to describe iln- epparatae without the aid i I a ma k L
Their plough is a vory simple contrivance Tho ihftCO rWQtJlhlSI
a flhoud. with u in-Mihl-uoanl ou the upner aurlace to turn
off tha Bod ; 1>- »t 1 1 * t-. - nm-ln nf cast iron, and viry simply tiinl on
th. wooden Iraine of tin; plough Thor<- i< DO OOUlter i« <\ I
a« the soil is so loose uml friabli* that '\t ivmiiM U- nnin
and thfl ianntT is aatMsd with im*ro *m\. \ ^ifig. S
*»ic bullock Lt Millicicut to dni* tin: plough; Muuelimeaa
bullock :i:ni mule. ; oi p«»ny arc then Tbfl
ii> -l-i. when plough iirrowed with « very Bimple liairow,
oniiaisting ol ii trianirula] frame of iroodf. having ober of
sharp iron pri'UL'.-;. nhout 8 inobcri in k-n^th, projci
mii Iheander rida This hanon Is usually yoktt i bullock;
146
Lu&HSfi Notes of a Journey in tit*
i rfvor. stand injr on tho Qppei oft I the frame, gives it
weight and make** it bold to tho 'Mound ; it is draw i
ghed field until His clods are broken into a tolfttmbiy oven
surface. Mid nil the room of flic iuvm'oil- crop have been re-
L Another harrow Sb now applied H b mads of straw
wattles plaited together; tho driver stands on tin-, while a
bollock draws :i over fche field in a&1 1 directions Tin •
tfoni rKfCiuiiliv pulverise and level lb iefl; but tho i inm--
farmer doe« not real satisfied with (his ploughing and harrov
for tho cultivation of tho futnro crop, whatever this rnn\
A* noon 01 it make* its appearance ahovo ground ln> OOinun twin
tog the soil about the growing nop with B hoe of a par-
. hapo, nud. us ho knows that the produce of the.
will 1h- equivalent to the amount of labour bestowed on
work, Ik b mi'-":)- n_'I\ employed at it. One great resni.
this careful tillage i."* tin- remarkable absence of anything like a
weed in their fields.
In district* ramote iroru lar*rc towns or village* the farmers
art' neoeauaiily but badly iuppuod with materials for nM' during-
iin [and they iiro consequently economical of it. mm! • i M
OcUoot it OS '■'■:' i |i|h.i iiinit v. In land *rt apart fur winter*
i Binull quantities of stable manure are harrowed into tho
m»I in the first instance; and while the crop is- growing men
.■'•ti, with I udod in 'tii their nocks, walking
up and down the fields scattering In a powdi red substance, aa
y were feeding some hungry poultry. This \* tho oik
mud. /from tl.. f'lnnrr-c ben ( twichoil ontton-eoed, or ecasa-
ii tin- pinn — i if i.rr-.-in" ,nt the Oil, Tlie 'tionilOUS
protraction unci consumption of tl. make them
con.sid<'rul>Ir articles of trade throughout China.
The rotation oi practised as far ax pcwriblo, though
for successive yean millet will be. planted in many ■
dartrfet* The periodical fioods which inundate the la d, '•
.|-|». n;n- frosh b 11 m into, may in some mcasun account foi
this Dnnmio] fertility of the aofl, Tlia ubolce of crops nwta witJi
millet, Indian com, eessamuzn, cotton, pulse (DoftVAo*). tob
wheat, barley, and sweet potatoes; and, with ichai
res skfl] and local experience to determine which is the neat
fox m sent cultivation.
Beyond the barn-yard, whii h ocmt lined several lame rick* of
straw and Indian cornstalk, &R, 1 found a vegetable garden
laid caii in in.Mt bed's, and weU^rimmeo1 side-walks, aa<
ing white cabbage, turnip* of tlr-- ;-ort-, brinjal (S^i»um
aimi*. enchalol.*. chillies, a fell plant* of tobacco,
a plant or two of serine, eueembeJ, melon, tomai ■ ■-. ■ faw
plants of the IW 1 1 mill I [tforyum oacharaiwn), resembling the
North- If'cst JVci&ktoitr/tcod of Fchui. U1
common millet in rvery nsmoct oxornt that the -talks wore
tailor and more slender, and the seed was of a white colour.
\ pUot or two of OhSntM penpal ■ znpe-Tiae, swaraJ j
. a Chinese datotiee ( /.v.,.-,,.;. ".■). and Knot hjgk>groffiiig
wfllows <■< ostituted the trees. A balsam or two, e R
SJrthorDama in full bloom, a colossal sun-flower, and an m in-
numlv gorgeous 1'iukv .i:nU ih'I" the only approach in what
wo would -all pardon flowers.
On the march of the army on Pekin, in 183d laugo deep pita
were Bpeqoeuth DM t with in the middle of the Behfi. Soma of
ttuun baa suefi a formidable appearance, tbat it was supposed
ilu-y weir Intended t«> entrap Dm army on th»r march ; bow-
oTor, it was subsequently ascertained that these pit- w M intonded
fin storing the nroef p< »t«tocs during the win tor, White oabbogQ
and other ^etabloe ore preserved in a fresh stui«* fol fool or
flvo months of the winter, by burying them in similar pits; so
tliut v-::''i:il>lt (, with nil th<- frc*lm.'<s of being recently tnkoti
from toe garden, wore procurable in the markets of lieu-tain
throughout tin- winter.
1 had hi-i" th«: opportunity of k-uriiinir something about tho
cull iv it! inn and |iii'[i;iiuli'in nf r &tOD — one of tlie pi iii'Mpul pTO"
of the province, it" I may judire by tho Inr.r" iftfl 01 RTOQttd
I snw under ii^ cultivation, and t h- laxga enpplias of ii lor sale
in the various fairs I passed through on my joorm \. The :-(. <l
is sown in the second or third moon (May 01 JQXM I. the Uoaaoni
appeals In the m\Hi moon (Angtut), and i bo I fiha eighth mo m
! ' »ber) >r i- lit for srathcrinp. 1 notiood that the plant; wore
not over 22 iaobai mgh; they Mill showed a large nnmbei el
pods uugathored, although the harvest was nearly ii.i-.lmi. It
appears that the low growth is owing to the |
off the tops of the plants, about the fourth or tifth moon j
of dwarfing them, and at the snm«- time force*
the bkwomi Whether tho staple of tho ooUan I< shortened bj
•j remains to bo soon ; with mm-li care ill th • Dultiva
lie i :i |il:int srill produce from GO to BO blossoms and from BO
to 90 pods. I could hardly believe this information eotreet, but
was assured that such was tho case. Tin crop must b<
in by ill.- ninth asoon, M trosl i troys the cotton when In the .
1 ulno teamed thatono mow, equal t<> the fifth part of an
•ill!. iiIhuiT 100 kattie** nf rot I Uttii* of
clctonod oott< d : Mbch eoovi d land cost! about half ii dollar a
year, and each kaity of dean cotton realises Erasa 17 to 20
COote. 'Hie OOttOD-09Od ll UJOfol for feodfl id ] :"lds a
i Mo oil and cake- ^•■i \ an li iw*d as a manure. The value
Lampkky'jt Notes of a Jbum in the
ol the seed fa about 1$ cent a katty, and taking into consider-
ation thai tin- stalks of tho plant, mm tin- crop of cotton has
. - i n Esther*] from it. scrvi; M fool, tlo cultiv il ;■■!. ol r.
is sufficiently remunerative to the farmer. Unfortunately the
E rice of cotton in (ho north of China is too high to admit i
d nnder aidinan < irriimstancea with profit The
shortness ofth* staple ifl objeptionablo to tho ool .- r in
Englandf whersM the length of tho fitanlt? isamu naif-
Chinese, who consume large quantities in podding
thorgarmanta Bad manufacturing a narrow band-exmn cloth, ol
EOf) (■•xture, but very durable; in short, tho Chw.-w arw ihe
greatt&t cotton-consuming peoplo in the world-
1 1 earing ji musical Bound rwtunbling the tonvtombig in India,
ia the next house, I Enquired what it meant, and wo.* told tlint
mm is were at work. On entering tho bouse, which
wa* rv.'ulily allowed ate to <i". I found a man at nx>rk with a
bo that used in Indiii. < nly o I and
stoutar dimensions, corresponding with tho wijMjrior phyaiq
the Chinaman. luluo noticed another man working a cottaft-
bj which hs was removing the seed from the cott d
itafl fl ffked ran rapidly and effectually, am orked
n it 1 1 hand and foot. The principle of it* ooi Btructi mplj
EiOOOtriTOQC to press til'1 rotti.n-:.;r. -I i»m of t:i< r< 1t.iii.piH]
boh*, by passing than between two rotating doeely-praojag
ratal Qylinaen ol roOeza; the seed unable to get between
t!i<- Mll.r-f.II to the ground, while tho cotton p. i ■ -• i t"
Opposite tide. There wuh ;i stout hiring of c-ju-ul ti /.htU
- thfl farther opening between the two
• tin* cleaned cotton now**] out ; but what particular ol
ffU ;:f'-'iip'<i by tin- i.'<)ntnWMM I OOllU OOl EOOI ! out
It app j thai cotton cleansing in tho north of China is a
sepanui branch of Industry, and those who practise it go ml>oui
village to Tillage, currying their dimple apparatus
tiifiu; Ihsj ore generally in couples, one working at. tin- gin,
while tifc other works at the bow.
On making an <■■.■ urn a Id the neighbourhood of this In i
:it the distonoe uf a couple "i" inil.-., i raino upon thol
I nik::i nt before alluded to; it seemed to hold the turn.
to tin* unrlh-vrvi. md resembled tho emlwinlcn
il;, n quired the nund of the whi ttl<
distance w make the picture I ■
tding the embankment, I found, m.t u.i .iv. Oi • dry
bed ol m SoenrhO|Ond wandered along ilw counte for
■hVanec ii i of shallow pools, where, ray guide infon
mc, wild-fowl w< re -"Hi. Lime* very abiind.u.r. I inly succeeded
•ji seeing tlin'r foot-prints in the soft mud.
North-West Nciyhbowrhood of Pekin. Mfl
plateau below the embankment I observed rather |
i omfortaUi -looking village, having .1 Li !-;_'»• ti'inj.li -liLi- liiiililin^;
and some brick houses in good repair; my gnUa iflfoffttad rm-
thiit it was inhabited U m thoJ u Uii >li ■ were the terror of
the country nil rotmc^ owing to their tlm-vi-h propeneitiQe,
especially oattJu-Iiltiii^: and to ^ cun Ihenwolves in some tnwi-
-ii i r front iii' '• th m ignboarssubflidzsed a man of & [flage-who
] usually successful in restoring o lotl b >i ■■■. donUi y.or bullock,
it tin- recompeuA u sufficiently liberal. It was aho hinted tlwt
this niiin wa* in league with the rogpeSj who altogether wo
uiorv prosperous appearance than wluit. dishu
fere on people in geuevnl Dtfltr ostensible occupation i ■< isdri ad
in the in.iiiui'.-i. tm- of an alkali of considerable mercantile im-
nartaiiee. The k>D In Ibfa particular ipo( u b raanj other
localities in tho proruiooi u so thoroughly impregnated with
natron, Owl it may be collected to anyextonl mthoirl being
) exhausted. It appean in the toon d a white Ion on
the surface of the ui •;• I like hoarfrost; this is swept off the
surface of the groan* 1 daj after day. Iheeo sweepings are placed
in a large rat w ith water, and filtered ofl* in the form of a highly*
sntrated ttaospareni liquid which h evaporated by
boih.il in law oast n-i n oaldioo ;, till it ii in a lit state to orj
lise ; it is iln n poured into wooden boxes <>r mouM-. aUmt
x$ in \ l. !)•_', Ly lj foot wide, and ,; inches deep, so a* to make
a large blook *eiffbing about 1 owt Ii is largely oaad bj lha
tea foi 1 1 iiii-iriL' purposes, and forms an item of considerable
in ali tin t' v. hi ol tlie iOfl Mi.
Tha presence of a boreSgnor In 1 1 »« - village wiw soon reported
throng£ the neighbourhood, and on my return to my lodging
ninny I'uiiir lam I i' Effaou-tee, us vrs are con uul I
U the north : this if rather a term of eout.-m;.l, MM kapha* -that
m the same as those rude tribes bordering on China, who
are characterised I | wi trts Kb Ir hair long
Amongst those who came to *• on -s>me well-informed,
u.'l!-t<i.,|.i people, Ihongh most of : re rit' the common
rustic clutti; tho latter wen; well i '"'L and had ill tin* appcar-
Booa "f .-t siinilai i»l |>eop]r in mast eivili-<*i! I-jmip'-au
ec'iintrioL Tlioy wtrr. a ba<ikj-loolting robosl paopb ■
were reij «iv:I in lliur behaviour. Some of the un"ii. im
ruitorl nsLt.l mo many oue^tions, eliowing that they wen-
an baanirisg poopl^ and ffould y t learn many Ihingt from us
t" iliiir mwii I'ii tun* ;hK:iiit:i^e They evidenfly EMS DOW 0*
in thru bistoxj dawning span thexn«aBd expect many eh
to tali*- j»l;nv. All expressed theinaelvea bTomaUl t u*
Elsglish tn< rohante settling at Tien-Uiu, and t« nmrl: -d ihut as
it would not bow bo aeoessaiy for theu own Imuti t" ,-:,,
250
LAMPREV5 Notr* i.fn Journey in the
down In Shanghai to pmvhus* D ti$BB, SUch things WOuM
be more abundant and cheaper than ti I'nneriy.
Ilr.i:,ii- tliiit there was to be a fair tliH :. hood 00
the.1 morrow* I was indocod to dfllaj raydepartun rartfculany
as it gave mo an opportunity of so ing one of the n* of
the country, which dim! not Iteen before not in -it hv rrarellflA
This fair bappsned t<> boa Kan-flboroMnooou, moaning a fair
wbaro, fn addition to tin .<i»'*' Rod parohaac of various •"iiimo-
ditles, bachelors go to look out for a wife. 'There art
such fairs held annually throughout this province, and I had
subsequently the opportunity of v ting u ler ti ig mj
journ-
27ft.- Tin- heavy rain prnvratiul n« starting in the i
A:; n cleared up in the course of tlie day, though it still
threatened to tain, I took my gun and dogs to see what shooting
was to be had in the ncfplfourhood. and only
bagging a few quail ami wild goose. I gol
ibota at some very fine wild din ml tl y were too ■
to lot me get near enough. I met with th
fruin tin :.iiiii(i; jw i.j >!-• him! had lirj Opportunity Of nuli.-iit;'
th© carls of the country. Tiny \i.-re mostly drawn '"> oxen,
nod m ti strong and oarvicable, tin ugh the wheels wew d
piimilivi form.
28V/*.— Started for the Shi Shan, or Western Mountains. The
morning was very foggy, and wo eould scarcely see our m»y
!y over the road-tracks through the Holds, tb< r« I- mg do
hed^ett or fooai of any land tu dffme our route. TI i
tbo rural districts a small line of unploughod land, about a foot
wide, Borm nan boundary, so that tin* apnaroi
boundaries is a peculiar feature erf tbo landaeape cd the lerel
country. At longtbj about 10 o'clock a.m.. the sun i
through lli* dense mist, and the day became
ObT road took a north-M din eli-m. and n.i- at tiinefl rather
lin-tiKitis. Afti ; a >lnu iid. through a country thickh
with plantations of pear, apple, poach, poplar, and other lurjje
timber trees, BOOM ol whuin resembled bench, all planted in
regular row**, (ha country passed ovor beei.nn' nor ■ undulating.
and now and i; .lia iipcned out into extensive plains, coi
with mi!), t-itulil.lf or wintei wheat \V. passed by two or
three large villages Buntrand l with b mua wall an<l double
ditch, and at length readied Knzta Shun n small walled I
The crenelated wall was boautifull\
Jt W0> built altii the same model BB that of Ti T&
gate* alio hud much the same uppoarancc, and v. re |daocd
in tlie centre of each of the four walls, but the structure*
the gates (gmird-roouu) wo in a wretched tumble-down con-
North-lVcrt Neighbourhood of Pchin. 251
dition. I entered tho western gat*, and lound no fruard
;it. .mil tin iniir gn$Q ftlono wn* OOpaUfl of btftng shut.
On pu^iiiL' into ill,* ,-ity. instead of finding a Iar»o populutmii
:u)*l numerous houses and streets, as 1 expected, only a
xiiuill £m lit i. >n iii the centra had botUM built mi it, tin- remainder
was a waste, or covered to • stent with water, an which
fllK'l* Of mud lllli'k "rn: v-rll Ml ill: I :iiii'.- ilium t. KiiKu ■ M I 1'Ollgh
tho main tared of tko city, I stopped ut uhm "d to
bean inn. seeing bouio rmta and mules iu the \u<*\. and the
usual wu;u of such hincntj hoStt Up out-id..'. This sign
consisted of a bundle, of paper, the luwi-r pdfft of which waft
(Ml*, into 11'iri Milium- in.: in*. -int.-. I in r.-pr.-ipnt [ .1.- mien, u sort
of macaroni, oue i I 'I ingredient ol i 'hm.. lira's food;
Boding the place a) wretched thai it bad ><< sniBcienJ fi«Ml
u on to another ihn in tin- ft mtIi ■in uUirbwf tho
city, where ire hml broakfa-Ht and baited our animals. It may
hww curious, but the best shops and hotels in China are gone-
rally found rn the lubarbi outndo tho citica.
This town had formerly a ditcb round I I was filled op
oil, and banc* Che aocoandstioo ol Inge pool* of n
d Uu) walla, m thai the surface i if the eounlri wxud bav«
undergone groat alteration either through floods or duat-
-U<i hi-.
Having baited our animal*, and refreshed ourselves with
breakfast and some delicious soft pears purchased here, tho only
:lmt ut all raV3ffl1>!'-'l rii • Kunncun fruit, wi im-i uith in
tho country, we start i off in a nortwrwtern direction, JcaTinjr
I- u cetera goto of the cafcr on our riglif Icunl Shorll)
leaving this critv. tgbt of the moo&tainfl m tin west,
■ gratifying eftei bo Long gating on die level plains
around ISen-teio. BUS the Ft tag country had modi
One appearance. Xomtdi RU arrived ut a rivor
flowing from iii. north] called die l.u Laaho, and had much
difficulty in oroerfng it. Owing to the strong ottrrenl flowfcg at
tho time; however, ii"i ble t" the I hineso
V.:i« Ii llirV i. iv M'l : id to it.
little . we got the mule-cart down
:i very gteop bank on to a ferry-bost, and with much trouble
(of ooi ■ i bos i od board, onato wow fi ni I < w r.
1 no tl men and bo] og ooal to tin ri
bash in basket*; they brought i ■•• el minei not i
mill -. iliMirii. from a placa culled Obn Jola. They cai ried it to
villagers on this side of the river. Jt WBfl dark when the cart
an I borsN got onco more on term firma, and we had to con-
tinue nay for throfl n foot nDes before coming to an
inn. Our journey amounted to nearly thirty-one mile* a
i5f
Lamprey'* Notes t>f a jQurwy in the
day, and niir position, according to Chinese statement, la as
follows : —
IVkki. 100 loo k.b.
rW-tfnfl-fbCj 800 loo fcv.
80S tft M,
By ascertaining the relative position of a place to two or
throe other k'uoin Localities it was not a very difficult matter
0> mark the place on n map; from thcee data 1 constructed one
on my return, and found it very liitlo out when com p.-
tin- .frsuif chart of Qu panoo , The mulo-carl driver* know
the distances of place* to n inilo, and they hi y correct
notion of the coinpuss-beuriii*.' also, as if they had beta
accustomed to its nee.
It was long A o arrived at our inn. The ton-nor
village wa* railed Teow-uien. The wi-«teni hill* Were dUtant
thirty mil I
2W&, — Started ;»t. an early hour, enveloped in dense log:
Aj Ike day adranoed tbli tog cleared off, mid the mountain* d*l
not appear to Ixj very far .i- ; if. After a ride of about six
milev I readied a walled city, os led Chu-Jola, with triple aid
of out* r ioon to each gate. The south wall of lb oaJt
abort a quarter of a mile Ln length. The*
•in; about i' iiuJ'- long, There uro two beautiful 'I
lJie\ ■ :<>:' Hi« i . near some temple buildings; there arc
no balconies about them, us in many others.
While paeBirt^' through tl the city I noticed a
n ii. Muck, sweep-like fellows loading mules or donkeys
) i \i o with coal from lif coal-mines, about 5 or '» nnlf* ii*tans.
There were aJao a number of mules laden with basket*, urona
suck* of cotton. The beautiful snow-white cotton and tho black
coal befaig brought in don contact made n strange contrast.
Passing out oi the northern suburb, f found mj ring
in a beautiful causeway, a third of a mile in length, having ten
archer, and built of very large LlooU of marble and gr <
It waa 40 feet in width," and protected at the aides by a
f. r 1 1 [ >r - 1 . ornamented with rnlahlatuns, tin one wide ol nhicti
noticed tho figure of a lion, remarkably well executed in bas-
.iy copied from nature, 'hi another entablature
I noticed the figure of the Asiatic olej&ant, holding i pin -
apple in his trunk, This figure was also the w<» I
■nil.', And was apparently a close copv from nature. A large
Uihl t on tin' side of tho" brids»e stated that it was built in toe
Tong dynasty, 7th century, one of the moat remarkable dynas*
tiea of China, which at that period held sway as far us the
Caspian in the north, and southwards over fli< present Indo-
Chinese kingdom*. Thu* the lion and the. olophunt may have
Not (ft- Wed Neighbourhood of Pehin. 2RA
ided 00 symbols of the extent of tLo kingdom. I h
farther extremity of the euiiseway was terminated !»y u gat*v
Ufce itractaro ol curious design. Though formerly of fiae in
■panning a wide rivoTj if Eb iii fangi so, us a small stream
tains. To the oust ward there was an .1) j
wide lake having canted there at one time, bul even litis h
I ..Mit under cultivation. Passing to the country beyond.
I found the Bsmi caltSvfttfor of aropa m In othei local
<: inilli-t, Iialian-rorn. cntinii, fc Tin- :-oa.I led ID D
northern direct ik tly that I found wo wore peeshu
gouthernmoel point of the rauge, leuwu^ it on mj lefl haul
I than took a OOQXte aero '-..mitrji and was fbrtunal
fading B ou'l, which led to tin? hill* in a ciiriiitnu* manner.
Passing throuflfc i vfDage at the foot of the hills, I saw some
i.ih::. which Wttfl ipiarri ■■ I in I b ttrbood, Bat&JSg
nvallej by a tolerably good road. I met some countrymen, and
ciiriuiniiu' wiinv tii. nuui i . vra catber pnsded tium to
UlldeiTtluud why we wen: there, or what we win dohlg; and on
ig them wo came to shoot pheasants in the hill-, "no of
i minted to know if I wo* engaged ia that particular iinr
of business, and If I was also buying pheasant*; however, fliej
kiuuh directed us on to a village^ where wo would ilnd a tempi.
in which wn could gist 1 ><! ;-h " wcfflntnodatlon for the night,
luot eumiuc ou-
or about two ndba In a nan m n i I lead
through i r, ws arrived wfcfla n mi ,< n dark at
the temple jailed Poo-je*TS& Oar arrival being noised abroad,
of the villagers called t<- km t > i •- foroignera and among
tlit in a rery obliging Fellow, who proposed to be my guide
through the mountains in -.'inch of game, assuring me that he
■ . j: I -j.. t l-i.i u. Iiinifi'lf. and that there were ■
antelopes, bears, tigers, wolvaa, taseB, hares, pheaaantfl/ and
Iiartridg - I'd tlmt ws should itart at an<
lime on the following morning iu Bearoh of game.
90th — ■ Poand a tolerable night fa the temple, and allot
breakfast found si] sporting friend kepi his wont; he brought
with him. as bin (bVhng-pieoe, a 'omnion matchlock; and had
a lightoa jossstlok in bit hand to light his match when
ivmured. We took tin* hills mi the southern side i'f the
valley, aud soon saw that dogs were perfectly useless in
the 0 Owing U) the preeonce of a dwarf plant, of a
species of Rhamnns, scarcely higher than the grass, having
very sharp strong spines, wnicli Lieabled tin: dogs in a
short time, and had on one OCcaaioC naught llie ear uf one 01
my dogs, and held so fast that, had 1 not seen the poor beast,
ave been lout. My sportsman short K pointed cmt
SM
Lampret"* Note* of a Jaunty in tl*
the ttwor of a fox, and, on going np to the top of t\w steep
hill, I saw hicn. Ho was one of thow large foxes with verv long
fur, so highta prised by Chinamen fur waiter dotliiu^. 1
at him, but do was too far off; and shortly afterward* I found
my sporting Chinese friend aim £rod at him a» bo ran nut
him. Lui only i litly; showing ho had corifliaer-
able expertueas in using the clumsy matchlock. Wo discovered
traces of hi* blood, rhirh, with tin- help of the dogs. •*»• fol-
lowed for soma time, till wo found he boa £one to earth.
dogs I" in" completely axnanated I wa* ol I . ■ I ■ • to the
temple, und after rexreshing myaolf with a cup of Chine*© tea-*
here drunk without milk on stnjar— -I ordered my borso ami rode
up tU> fa about four mile*. The jcenory in front and oa
both aides oi ti ■ wa* Ix-autiful in tl ue,
A* many of li^ poople nf tin ImmloU ihmg flu of the
valley WM PQl to »eo nc, I noticed tlmt goitre was tot pro-
| I1' I J ..ilimii;.' tfal in ; wr:,,. .. ,,iii" WlUlU'll llM'l ll ' I B1 ' l« I i '" ■ 1 t« t A
very largo sue. Tho common scarlet persimmon-tree was rorjr
abundant. 'If axtwJve pear-ore! various places
thrtmgkotlt the vallov. The pears hud boon already coll
and stored in peculiar hivo-hko structures, placed near their
hi... ■■■- hi in ill. open I Ids vrhen the] remain till liaposed ol
lOfle who come from I'okin or other localities b tho plains.
I had an opportunity of seeing how lb ■■-■ -ii made.
Hare wore firat a row of trenches cut in tho .
of about two foet, over these a layer of wattle* were spread, tbca
some rnillet-stnlk ; and retting oo each of these drains vat a
huge mat, united at both ends so as to form a ring about rive or
nix it. meter, and uhmit four (bet hiffh. Til - p I I wets
placod insido this, resting on the millet-stalk below, and above
.ill imntlier mat wit placed, so na to form a r.onienl-jdiaped
roof. This k'Pi off ufi sun and rain effectually. Tho dram
mcath was iieeiwu y to admit of some ventilation through
the moss of pear* utave, and to allow tin- extuhiti-n - 1 incisions
from tho surface of the fruit to pasa through. Tl- *ew
fulK ri|K', of a yellow colour on the mr&ce; vorj good t<> *>*\,
aud, though ratta bard, wore w ry juicy. Thi
nought after by tie' (-him-Me, i'-jh'i ially win
The hills on ench side of tola volley appeared very abrupt on
their southern aspect, while tin-) were ui><i u the
northern The rock i inai-lerably. A gm; stra-
tified rock prevailed to a cos li extent; and at the further
• •ut] of the ralley enni'imaix ulalw of line able of
tamed to account, appeared in the rivor-bcd, and projc
from tbu bide* nf the hill. On entering llir \.'ille\, ijintrU rook,
and m parts a freestone £rit cropped np; but there was no other
North-West Neighbourhood of Pckin. 255
108 of granitic formation; at the farther end of th<»
it black basaltic rock mm* perpendicularly to a height "1
(wii in tint'.' tin i ir> <i f(t,-t. At the base nf one erf the hill* on
ideaftue \tlioy J found aomo nodules resoml'I in -
ki:ukrr. The ' ?■ ii' r.il SppQaEOUOQ "f tl»i,s vull<\ <mvi- im: \\u-
idea that it baa bfi60 a creek, at the time that vi.
Vi i plain to the eastward, and win n the western nills
n stem boundary of the Gulf of Pdchtil
31*/.— Jntcadod visiting the famous Tcroplo of Skan-fong-
dmo, situated high nn in om of tin- mountain gorges, vdll
'it distance of us, but was induced to deviate from thfl
up a valley, "ii' i'.' I was assured there were pheasants to be
shot Takjuf tin- niortiman and • oootft witi mo, and having
sent on my sextans with my bed further up the valley and
cloao to tin- pnM'i|iitoui bluff, to a tninnlo called Swang-chiog-
iii' .in. \\i made o circuit round th< l.il! | by ;> verv picture
valley, in which there irara n few patches ni" i-ultivutcil land,
A m by .ii. imI tho omul poor-tree orchards.
Late in the evening we reached Ilia tempi*, at appnintadin
the morning, and bund ray servant and bad already there
November Ut, — Lefl tho templl shortly aita tM appcaa
of daylight, and taking my gun and dog* beat a very likely
r not tar off Tho trees wore walnut with an andorgrowtu
crabby oak, having beautifully tinted leaves, now coca mi a ■
ing to fall. Tho morning was romnihuMy tine and the hit
bnv ing, numeroua birds fiattod about thi km fcaad thesoajjoffche
mtain-thrush t > — ■ • if ■ !■ ■ i ..u -ill ■ it- :. besides linnets, finches^
many others, whoso notes ami calls I could not make out
Finding no game, I returned to breakfast At this temple i
1 pasaua the night. And just as I arrived 1 saw n large flock
of ii i-iirioiis-liKiking goat being lad out to iwstura The old
one* liu-1 wry long liuir of a dark-grey colour touching tho
;-[itinui, and tho kids had a sh<>it, nnly, jet-black OOtfc
p's< inbling Astrakafi himb-*kin. I kftVO aiiieo seen some very
fine skiua of the kid of Una specie* of goat from Eunnai whico
- old not be distinguished from Aatnknzi lamb-skin.
1 learned that tin uai f tho mountain over tlio temple ifl
\\,.ii--.M-jl..i^-li;iii it. .nui nil is extremal] senate] and its boo
nil bat porpoudiaatiGCi Than ■ a similar rungo to the north,
and the Uunple is at the angle where the two ranges join each
other.
After breakfast we started for Sban-fong-sban, linring thanked
the priest fur his hospitality mid prosjantnd him with a dollar,
which he received with much assumed unwillingness, being, a*
it were, against Iu>i eo unci once to uocepl any gratuity.
After a tedious and difficult aaooot of what appeared to bo
966
Lampiiky'j A&Cff of a Joitrunj in the
IllKiiit thrrr miloi lij. .1 QfttTOV gOTgH KTJ (lt< :it >i tliim hilK l»mifci-
lag the ralley, I reached the nuooni Bodhfef juomnrt* <
Nhim-fung-thau. I'urth of thin gor$ ' ff' • m»gi»ifl-
.viii in their bold I jOnoty. On each ude wi re precipiti
with overhanging piui: or <>tln r trees rising oat of
wbererer a little sou vnu collected. On rescbinfja p
part about the middle of flic jouracj thi pathway h-<l up*
very Hl»'i«ji lli^lit nl" ^ii'j'- rui mil hi ill.- n»ck , on eacb
um; i.u iron ehain fortuned, by which it win noooM
!i«i](1 -.vlilli ;(-••• nil (ceading. On tin top of tbeed ftaji
we nassed through < doorwaj and entered a kind - I rapJe*
lookm? building, where ii won customary to rest and r-
from ftae fotigaea ->t the ascent. A few i in tb>s«
i.u Hdion ana no doubt formed a jort of guard to \ rated the
approach to the monastery. Tlwij ww* \» i_\ 'i\il lo rae, offiT-
inc me tea to drink and pipes "to smoke. * iTeted
deudowoool water, which wu still umri i
ing our joumev over less difficult ground ana tin. utifal
ry, in which I noticed a small co cad •■*
roekn in a v<tv preerfpitoiu place. I was told that En
this termed a yitv fine cone ot ice. which daily £" r and
thi (rater did not mane flowing. Otvnsiunnl ;
01 jays {Urocma ) would be disturbed and t
from one side to tne other or up the roller, thcii long taiUaod
blue- plumage making them reiy pretty tho sooner*.
At length va reached the largest of a number oi
buildings* called H<» Sti .1 woro ushered into w
eeCOptUnVICOlDi Vhtn the hrnd of the inin.i [<-ry
inr in .t m ■ \ r\\ II iiiJiuncr.
Alt< r r I (Off 'l little while, I expressed a '• irthe?
Dp the hill, ami taking my gun with me mid one of the print*
till., he led me in a uorth-eaeterly difeetion up a narro*
Ebotpetha :n porta rorj dangcroai and tho grass being dried ay
nj lettthi Moled shoes could take no hold on it, bo tn
I win walking on ice, vrkien was anythin.: 1
;i- tin* way IimI along the m argil if* uf dnep prei ipiu t quita ironV
OWnt t<i Muiki QnVfl head !'• <•] -!i.-v\ : mi '.:■ M 1 :.: i- tl . ■ mui u"
I wa.1 wrll ivjuiid l.y (In* 1 it vi.-iv before D10, and Ml
down for some time to anjoj ii. I fouud il"' loll? 011 the
i h enl up by deep perpendicular precipices, some of .
appwirrd 10 1m' of great depth. Tlia country beyond in tkr
direction of Pokin (eastworti) appeared like a raet, level, ao*-
iiLi- plain » of n Bcorched yellow colour, with 11I inanlv
paMneaof houeos ondtreee and tin ecu
ncd* leading from the mountain-range to I ward aiui
southward. Ihfl horizon blended oil* Into a dull impeaetabk
North- Went Xtighhourhood of /Vftin.
oigt the pore afar, the muuoal itillaeai of the tceney and the
i bod, now beginning! to let, mack a vivid picture in the
uiniiory lomz (<< bo remsmbi racL On retaining I made '• long
circuit round throng 1 1 thi 1> ill - and passed through mueh scrabbj
oak with ft v.--ry large LeaC On Bearing the monastery the
belli began to loll from wsverul detached buHdlng*, tone of
wliklt wore high up on arage OH the highest part of the lulL*
around, Tin' effect was vary phasing end solium. Li w«»
apnroaohed nearer the ohied temple building] noticed several
lii lnil building boried in the siiiivuu«liiiL' ti«'r», huriii* of
which were very tne end old, tod among them I aiw ouo
resembling the deodar of the Eastern Himalaya, Ho branchee,
having « m 1 1 nreepi cowered B tags «|we of ground. On my
return l found that a larg . oomfoxteblc room, neatly farni
^:c- -i'f :i|i;ir| fin inc.
2f»d> 'I'll'* tolling of the bell* aontinnod el intervals all
night A.I ii Idnighl I vrae woke up by lha lond chanting of {he
service dial nae going on Rem t >**- Cample there U a care
irith eurioiw stalactite*, and, fmru .noine legend connected With it
farenoe to a tiger ir receives ii d Eger Cave.
■ad the temple n earned boo thi- cave, n - — - .[- r >r. >.i Tiger
Tample; but* aa I had fteea snonghof (In plao^l did
it it. Alt i in <akfast I made preparation for a start.
While retaining down tin- pan I imr peroral Bights of
the ('lua,-... h'(.m,- iiiu-tKznr, which I hava before mentkn L
TIi- y appeared very beantiful in then i iti. • wilds as they flew
fis.m eraa to a i ■•■ AJ fli" bottom of the pan F rested myself
at anothi i temple! the ori< I b inc rerj civil. 1 Brand this
temple van clean end « lnrgo collection of Ct
hoik-; hi its lihrary. Alter a short delay, I started off to the
mnlhward.
Finding tiio rood to the Wntfaward ffei h-ading me back .;
in th»* diii-iti-in of ('hu-jo-ki, and ovay from tie mountains, and
■rn n ting wiiii a eross-rond I determinec on proceeding to the went-
1 1 .ij.iiii it the inclination of my guide, lervanti and d
driver, who, taftaftanrardfl appeared irare ad viced bj then
qrj to avoid going westward and to go lOtttAWaid
instriid. Tahii ■ flu* winterly road, just ta it an* 1 1 mini I
to be dark, I foul d vet perceive the hills on my right hand
a most pscforeeqoe appearance, van very higb, and
abtuptlj from the plain; theanmmltwaBastramelreermted
unlike the Binge QoMrvable at the end of the valley before all
to: in some Instances vary high pSoneoIae wens seen bo project
the ordinary level, una in many parts they presented a
'• aiipear.iMi s .
Bonn i i \;\\\i I il.v: (J
VOL. XXXVII. *
IN
L&uruEY'* iW« of a Journey in the
'
the road, and on inquiry from their owners I found the roeif
led to She-Ling, one of the imperial bm I >nrknaa>
bad now set in. and, as none of us knew the rood,
anxioushf lookup oat for a boose <>n the rood-ado in tho hi
of raoetnig with n place to rest for t In- night At li
with a v<n u •. solitary, ret und
vrm i"id there was no better accommodation within eight -
of the pkoe, we ww obliged Co ifem at It
In tue mean timo tho landlord, who showed himself very
trj n'erine his pipa and entering Into conversation, going
fcftroagfe tho customary formula oi 'What ie your honourable
nnnii '■' 'age?1 where I mu from, and where i \ i
what business I Wnfl OB? dfco.; ho tlicu told mo lio had neard
of my itrriwil ait n^-atiun. which he said was distant
in !<•.', tli.ii : . about 13 mile*; and from other places, a* fol-
low.--:—
nhe-Uaft 140 1
■ I ■ | iL
Pcklu, 1 10 liv i.t.ii i
Chuyulu. 26 Im nouth-ciuu
_
After dinner was oyer I looked into the larger room, ax
(band a number of men hud lain down to sleep «* bent the?
eould on tho tables and Jiangs. I had my room all to myself.
und pasted ii very good night On tho following monung I
Started off in lc«wb of soma wild dunk neon on a etreum in
front of the inu, and, returning un -n ul. 1 \>m>
our journey wuwiin! : hut ">£ a count-1 of mill
on. and I- that there ma % coinfortabli iuu at a ihW'
called Ta She V, o, und some *mnll streams is the a lujod,
whore 1 observed some wild duck, 1 desired the nut and ser-
nuifB bo rtaj tliere till my return to Im'iiklkst, while I took my
gun and i g -, and wont in search of some sport.
While eating my brealcnwrt I won wuit/xl upon by u nwjtepl i
dressed Chinaman, who rode up to the inn on a very good
nony, preceded by a servant, who was also mounted, li-
ne came to invito mo to his house, as he heard that 1 waa a
wonderful sportsman, and ilmt he would accompany mo on a
footing BXimrflion to the bill*, as he was also vary fond of
sorting. Finding, on inquiry, thai ho was a respectable )**rsos,
I was imluri'il to SOCompam him t<> liis house, situated a few
■ iff tin* main rond towards the bills, on the borders of a
small villi ; i!< i u >.ii: was w ■ d mules Is
with coals Doming (torn the lii:!-. und on inquiry found
■.. . |.i-. < ur d in ■.!,..._■ |)l.n ■■■ .n ill- hilla to '.!.< wi -t ,s....|
I teamed also that tIhio \wn nciridf in tin ■ neighl
hood, und tjoon came to one where a number of workn
North* West Neighbourhood of Ptkitu
251*
red. Thoy were cuttinp out a largo monolitlt. I
measured 10 purrs in lougt.il, Olid was iilmul I"! fret in
width and thiaknesBi It appeared to bo a fine dean Hook ol
wbit*! umrhle, though rathov COBAB in •rniin. It WM intended
for the coii-mu'ti.-ii ,,\ tho lata BtttWOrt t.'tnb. A black; I
was hard at work over his auvO *narpeuin£ the stone-cut
instrument---, which En si/." and ihape neottblad tbo -
our own workmen, but being mad< atbm and oot ; Bteel, reqm
mora tn i) ii 1 1 sharpening at the force. The quarry was umoal
in tlit,- rarmejh 'I"' WCl Mng merely covm-d with I turn layer
ofred-OchdlTHOoklti^ earth, whirli appeared to be indicative ol
the prvHrmv of tiiarQe in several places.
I found my host a vnv i i\il ( bi&eao Until num. He SBJ I
hi* ago was sixty-five, and that he hu«i ln«en in rim mili
•arfb 6 of Ui eontiy in his younger yean, and noi n ii:> -i >■
some property Kraniad to him for liis servin-s. Ilr waa about
6 foot 2 inches in height, a well-mode, sti i ::. -
looking inan. Hw house was not very wfqgaiit, "ii the oontrftry,
it had rather ;i decayed, neglected appearance.
On sitting down my host offered me hw pipe, 11. poured
me out a cup of i<-:i, :m<! appeared much pleased at my presence
in his house, tti ■r-v, a ppearod dressed in his common olofhc
having taksol off hil visiting dresw, mid fastening round hi*
waist a pouch, in whirli Ik earned hih ammunition, >
ol iron snot, some leadou hnHniftj and roiirse powder, ami talcing
down from a wholf by tho wall a rusty old matchlock, he brushed
the dust oil il, and euttiuix off a length of a rope like slow-match,
hi i put it iuto his waist-belt pouoD, and waj now rrmh be the
chase. IJnfmtunatvly, before leaving the house 1 «*avo him
some of my powder, with which he loaded his matchlock, and
hurl reason to repent doing so, as it will appear presently.
While I ma at his house none ol has family appeared in the
reception-room except his son, a fins lad Jbout sixteen ) pan
age — it being the i natoio of m country foe ladies to keep them-
selves aloof from visitors, unles* of their own box.
We visited sevcraJ places whara tlmro wore largo mini I
(joairiea, and saw a great deal of well-cut «tone lyin^ ulmut.
My boet informed me that formerly there was much work .
cm in t&ujm qnani s, bnl (bat for some ftux$ bach it had ceased.
Owing t-» tlu? tmduose of the tunos. Pekin drow most 0
owihiin;.- atone from these quarries* which alio supplied mod d
the lb aing the bridge at rhu-jo-ln. The Hoota hi I
iti! marulc-likr colour, and became dark grey from
exposure.
In our rxrnr*i«.iu \v« paused near iotoh] young plantations of
that peenHftT pfne whose bark strips from the stem in uvul
v. %
Lamprey'/ Xotes of a Journey in Ike
the u ix tor surface white, and so can*** the stem
DSent a curious mottled appearance. Th ore very
DW soughl after bj tins pRkiugtwu for plunLiti^ around lliwr
lull i places.
We owed several streams of bright, clear, running wafcr,
Sowfnff from the hills, and at times pawed through places which
reminded me of homo *ceuoa. On one occasion I was astonished
ii rvgulnr mill -rare, and following it down it* rouoe
..m:. a | Kin :i «% i. Mni U oJ ou iom pra i H ivi ooru tnu I '-i, An
fag h (on order of mechanical rcD. The wate :**ȣ
made to rotate in a horizontal position, one trtiaft only was
riMjuired to make tin mil l-^i ^ i evolve. In this mill the corn
hnply ground, the Chinese mocliauicnl Engei «*h>g
E ifli I. H ^ i . to adapt the .same water-povrer to a contrivance
h pamting the floor from (he hran.
Whon-vc* the ground wiu: sufficiently lord there farmiiu;
operaiiim* wan carried on, Th* land w plouf^i
motes wheal had already boon planted, and won now jjrowia^,
and hV-hU nf cutton-atobblQ showed that cotton was produced
here also. Ft was also observed that tobacco was cahivsl
more gcnemlly.
I aotioed several country carta laden with block* of
marble cm their jouruoy to Pokin; and as each enrt showed
email fellow Bag, i(. mi at once wen thai th* m ployed
in the imperial service and \n -re conveying the storo to
a costly tomb for the Into Lmperor.
Late In the afternoon, us sun.-;. I ap| * . ■ b d, we sat down en
some rocks to rest ourselves after our tiresome walk over tin
bfflSjta moke a ptpo end enjoy the sen- around us. 'I
mM some labourers ploughing in the field close by, and 1
observed how stnniil) ami 1 1 rail) tln'V did their work, nor did
they uppcir t<« bo in any hurry to leave off. although it was now
• ttin ■ lni-i-. I observed ul&o that they wore well dressed in
. . tton dothaSj and wore the usual felt-soled cotton shoft
of tin country; and I made tin- remark, wherever I met
tul.i labourers m China, there v> n imur <-v<
clflii. ;, or badly olfld.
While \>n w< iv resting ourselves I fired my rifiV at an
about 200 yards distant, and astonishod my host by h.fting
in.uk wit! inch ]MV'i.Mt>n. TTr tried to hit. th ninrk irifl
in- ii. itchlock, when it gave him suoli a kick h
Imtt bring held tight np to the check, that it capasod him *xti
hml lii iti rutin.- r - \. n K ; he unfortunate!) loaded it m*»
U Ji •^nnpowdoT, which he fancied was inferior to his owl
Owing Bo the small Auer* of fho grain. Oiilj that tho
appeared to be hurt I could have enjoyed the affair, thong*
wit
North- It at Neighbourhood of PA In
*i!
pel b .»i I 1 :-Ii Q lid have congratulated mjself that the matchlock
old not burnt.
On our war home we passed through the riOaffi . ami created
no mall excrtenaent among th<* inhabitants, nil nf whom up-
peered to bun nut to ace me; they were v«ry civil, altb
their curioffltj was great*
-if/*. — Bid p>od byo to my hoqdttJUQ beet, end started
rlj In i.r nf ilm morning; i'i' re was do
appeiiruiiro of frost, althoupli thin fllou of 10 had been EbVfid
ou nooU of water lb pxerioni morning. Our road led in a
ficmta-wpiitcrly lireetion, not far ft'om the foot of Qu bflb
whose sides ami mi. d rOBMU knblv prepipitnii.'i for m
• iist:i!H'i'. Mini -liowril a stnuiiv I stratiflcatioiu some of
theebmta being u white as marble- Hub rmago of hills kcapi
parallel to the road Bar about 50 lee, and then tended toe norin-
v.'.--;. :ly ilirection. AYith tln« i\n ption of one or two Isolated
hilltf of do i'i. al height) the country to the voothwaid had the
-:ii:u level, pi ■.in-lilvL* obai u ti rj and i'i vonte parts of otn couse
ill- road vrai deeply worn below tho level •■•*' th<- soil. Shortly
out hwi rettiagvplAca we had to peas several
streams, bouk1 of which were or prattj largi -i--< . and daring
heavy rains must be inipa&sublo torrents, their souri 01 being in
the neighbouring range of Lilbc They flowed over stony beds
to the south wai I. I "in- road passed b latcd
hills rising abruptly from the pith; and here the range I
•>ft' to tho Dtttlwrettj taking a wide circuit of about -1 mil**
12 1ci'). Tin! miliary around wee well cultivated, as before
[bed. Here wan also mucJi ground under i iitiva-
tiou, and hnrj mu* i»f leaves of the plant suspend' •! from ropes
to dry tlifin in th»- oprii nir, V0V0 frequently tm-t with 0681 their
house* The eonntxj people were tall and maul] looking,
-pwLi' witii iici'p vnici', .im! appealed to be ram i partial
to tin u- wl i ik< ■
While i' ■ il < road I met with many carte heavily
laden vitl* i.-. of dried tot) - "^ th'-n
P Ki i and to tSe towns of tin.- south. 'IV uu.- ,»f th<--- mri-i I
observed a large, eood-lookinp prey tab bono, baraowd to-
r with a Tniilc and a three udaavJc being tow
nfti'li l»l:n i ill the foi-H purl nf 8 (« Mill. 1 1 ■ ■ mid :ny ^t^■».•^!
Emmoaiatoly recognised each other by a mutual neighinfc dbfe;
aud 1 bund on imjuiry thai tbSi poor bease>ao ignominioualT
n-ducod to lal»our and to such low corn pan v. was one of the
horses of an Indian cavalry i • ,i na u1 employed En Uh csw]
i >f I860; and sold ut Ti».'u-t-*iii. mi the remmenl being sent bad
to India, to save the en aee of rctransportiiij: tbesL This poor
horsi* and ibe one F rodu had probably been iftaMl I COmpeJUOOfl
22
m
LamprevV Note* <fa Jmmug in tim
together, but how different their lot! However, he might hat*
met with * different fate, o* many of thc*w hones, who were in
tir>t-rate condition, were sold so cheaply that they were ki I*
and disposed of as moat by the Chinosc butchers to "pie,
who mi b] DO B0BOI indi*[io*eil Id vtit hn>\ -ll
thy can got it Wo refreshed ourselves at mid-day at n road-
side u
After a ride of about S miles over a flat country, well
cultivated* with mountainous scenery almost suitotmding «*»_we
n*iii'ln'd it wullod city c-jillud E-eho-hi, and pan <i bj ilnroa
ili soztt .1 ii. This portion (tho northorn) of tin wull
oidr about s quarter of ■ mil* in length, and had no city gala
in ii, Ob tli- light-hand side of the road I not large
building, enclosed iu high walls, and was informed it was a
: i n( affiOA. Shortly after passing thifl place
we were nriur startled by the rc(>oit of u mat block not fur off.
and Mill nitre BO liy hearing ft second n-port : W6 CDuU v.-
m;ik< ...id u!mt Inn riuuiu. Ad it wiu now getting <Uitk and a
long distance before oa, 1 oould nut spare
iry, *> proceeded 09 OUJ WtV. Thfl re id here vas iu good
order, and ap|x*arcxl to be wt?ll kept. Several people were
employed ha levelling and ■weeping it, iind on each aide it was
n:d by it ditch, much nsiembling our road-side ditebee, so
:;illy mat with iii Ohina Th« scenery appeared verj
: bo An close proMi.itv q£ the hilio. '1 1" cd a
Uurrnw opeuiri" in i lit* bills, ;iml in 71 in opened let" a large
Mill. <v with high mountain scenery all round. Just at the
entrance to this valley tin -if wi-rr some large building*, which
I afterwards learned were yomuus. There were a numU 1 of
>le assembled here, and, as 1 rode up, I noticed one man
loolati&g nay vehemently, evidenllj rerj 1
WOT the |»cople ho was addressing »)>}>• ured verj anxiouelO
mm; me, mid beyond .1 continued rtnri^ jin I jnumi*] showed 1
incivility.
It was my intention, by tho advice of tho guide, to go at oooo
to tli" viimun of the cliief official und stop there* or in the
.1 i iity of his residence; but my mulo-drivcr. mooting %vith a
friend ptf low among the crowd, und learning there- nrj> 11 good
inn further on in u lam village, we proceeded thoro instead.
Thoorowd of people who nnrnrnmlpd on the road-side and near
the Tfliag • m vciy great W hOc talking with them a white-
butt 'ietl mandarin made Iii'h iLppeariiiicc, and ia a reap*.
iimimer Kjiiw lie nn* sent by tftia luporior officer to tinqnin
I was? and where 1 woe from? Where roil what wee
my litiKinrMiV To these quest hum 1 replied by handing bin my
passport : ho received it> and mud ho would retain it tu* morrow
North- iFvt Nrighbwrfiood of PMn.
Ml
m fining. 1 adkod him to give mv compliment* to hi« master,
and mention to him thftt 1 would nil I on him to-morrow; ho
tim left
5ft« Early this morning I was waited upon by tho white-
buttoned mandarin, who mme to brin^ hack my passport.
I i:t told mo I eoald not get into the praamflti of the tomb* i.f
b I ImpOB r, and that his mast* I COUld I p ih< FOj nor
oouM I go further in that dtoetlan, fibat ;' voaU not bo Tory
mfo fin mo bo do bo, as thcro wore a nam her of soldiers b me
lit V of tin- plan- wlni mitfht. lm niclo I" B] I OT pBliUKM4n0l
mo very roughly, and on this account advised mo not to stay
I oogi i in (no nt i^hbouxhood; in fad, hr ml b a
hurry to see me safe out of the place. Jle also said the
raondiirm declined to receive my visit, as he did not tawi
llh wlwit hflttntOI I hid willi him. I (lien proposed In walk
np the mountain close by the ion, from whieh J euuld ■_' t :i view,
lit all cycuU, of the plner, and tnld my *>*:*\.ir.t to gf4 DUD SOIDC
DNOkta-t nt the iwi. ud nil -rw.ml VOohOUld :*••■ what I r.Miiil.
He said it would be necessary to ask his master for ponnhriOD
to do thi?*. niui that lie wi .nil go to bin .i:ul return with :m
answer. He returned b a ihotf rime with n favourable *
mid procoodmg a afaorl way apttw hill I got ■ vory Una riowoi
tlit- place- 1 iww at a diNtnii ;o of nbout n couple of miles the
Vf'lliiw-tih'd riMifn ill' twn of (lie IfotLmffl oi it u iif the*
Emperor* of th In..; Im:. iv in B largo walled onolnwrO. It
was B" ihii-kh wooden 1 i-uulil imt il:-iiiigui«h the other four.
Altogether there are six Emperors buried there, til
1. SkiuicJii ..i' i Eh a iW
2. Kanibi .. „ 01 .,
„ 13 „ „ 17-3
■!. K,.-„ |.,i„B. „ (10 „ „ 1730
5. KlaKlog.. „ 25 n
6. Tau Swaai ,. 80 ., ., 1821
The Emperors Konghi ami Kits Lung arc tin
and interesting to us, on accrual, od ih pafamagt giv
former tosrifTitiiir Europeans who taught tboGluDi Ml Utronom]
and curried Out a grand survey of their country. Xh f aloo
encouraged the literature of their count r itflxton!
the lot! ir< < i ivnl embassies from Hftllftpd, ftnuiil. and England.
The high n ill ><\ the KXttnani aunyhaofus endocore appcorod
to extend for about a mile in a straight line; about midway
there wan nn ornamental entrance, and in the distance behind,
forming EOVDd, there was a high range of thiekU-
woocN'd and rock )
While passing "out of the vulhy through the narrow entrance
SG4
LiMPuEY * Notes vfa Journey in (fax
1 (-I).m iv- (1, (in IK.- lull not fur from the yainun overlooking
road] n respectably dressed old Chinese gentleman seated on a
chair, with one or two Attendants nan- him. Ho evidently maw
iln re i" ne ma, and on inquiring from the guide who be might
bo, lie suggested that it was the chief mandarin od the plow,
who was U)0 proud to Itocdri my visit, hut who gratitleti in.*
curiosity in thin furtive manner, and I cannot but think at th.
expense of his dignity also ; wc soon hod the road to ourselves a*
none of tin peopa eared to follow uk further.
Taking advaalage of a turn of the road which led more
directly bouOi ««■ followed it; it led to pari -i iln -. - * i
Mihurbof E-ohoWj ffhlah laid the usual diiij<y appearance of the
emburl* of a t'liiii'-r tovui. There was a very fine T
(fa in tins quarter, Lut it. had uotliiug remark .I I • i boat it
except its height und cloee preedxaity to the wall of the catr. A
pi i\ do] place, aud of nail] sure, its principal trade oonw
in tho purehaBo and wde of tobacco grown in tho BUTIW
dietricti As the day was not ren hi advanced wo « i« -t • i
to get out to the hi^Ji read to Pow-firjg-Foo, and not stop *i
10W.
\\"e had not proceeded far when th«j utmosphere becan
WtJ 'In--! I in 00V t( hardly distinguish the hill* and mounlaina
distant about a mile or so on our right hand. We aero m
bet enooonttrisg oae ot iuon- remarkable mctoorologji'nl pin
noffifina Ballad by the Chinese Qua-Fuug, or duat-ato
common in North China at certain seasons of the year; and
moat di.-.i;;Tri'.i!ilr, not old) oil nd'olint of thi: duwt Til
pwnotrates cloth*. • and booing and *oila all lurnitu: al DB
acoonut of the disn^n-o.«i»l- i aaationa experienced by the bodr,
pjirilv owing to the dry condition uf the atmosphere, and \
to electricity. However modified thia may be in China, they
in., iiodoubi of I he s.iiih- nature ji* tin- 'IVIil'nd W dual-stunn of
ral Ah.., so admirably described in Mr. Vtimbery's recent
work.
Towards evening wo raised tlnvn-li a very deserted strag.
.c'lin^dooking village. Wi poa d ■ n r a apace of about tao
miles, nhUSh had v. :y -iii» -!i the appearance if being subject to
great floods, and had probably been a river-bed. lurthcr on.
ilio ground was more uneven, and at times the road was so *•■■
below tin- lava] of the Holds on each side that it wan uecosearT
to get out of iu track to tee Ihi country. This was attii-
t > b Me to tho strong winds and the loo** "text u:< of Use eoiL
Towards eTBtthg vo R m bed a large village called Yuu Tcqb»
a bar* I found an inn.
Cth.— Uur road lod through a perfectly level country,
North- H'nst Nmghbmtrhwl rf Ptkin.
MI
highly cultivuii -I and high magna of mountain* were vi
he westward, gradually disappearing iu a guuth-w
'ion.
The road m nri dm travailing on was an open I i
mi Hii ■ii.-nily broad to admit several cart* to travel abreast
wen: i-lnniM*, nt iuktfisll of abool .1 ijimrtcr of u
Bile from each other, throughout it* coum-. Th very
biiupl> ootwtroctad, of a suuuro form, with 1 docffi ind doping
rt ml, )ui(j bad .-. kanfl iiim' l\ on ivhieh tlirvn or !'.iur urmi eoulil
sleep. There wore larger guard-houses, resembling military
'i'i ej 0 rj b 1 robeot
ti.« I io .ili.tig tlto liao from brwjc disturbed by banditti,
who would otherwu* (too cent it.
After n Imi , and monotonous ride along this road,
without uuM'tiiiy; anything U> sxoiti am atrantirnij these
ii'l t>ooaaioiifll vflbm in the diatunee surrounded
with clumjw of willow ta ■•-. m at length observed the outline oi
a long crenelated wall, ruing before us in a southerly Uir».'it
juat as it woe commencing to be dark. This was the hrst up
ones of Am lonpwuhebVfbr oity we won to anxSotu tn n
before nightfall. \Vo |hl<;c(1 through the main street ifl BlDa '
41 straight liny Lu near the east oata^ and, hl™ng Io the right,
1 length Ft 1 mn - in the yard of an Inn of huge ***£•
it I I rub in U) myself, but was obliged to*
I hi to an <':itin--bouse in iJ ibourhood for my ck»U 1
was immodi.itrly waited on by two Yonuin offletalfj who ap-
peared Very .-ml. llmugh \-iv EBOnkUn j ■ i r n i . DtlM
■ |iicsii.'ii.-, asked if 1 bod brought any books for distribution
I- iln |i<'f])li*, n-fiTnii;; ni nuarionary laefta I ^-aietheni
import, at the fianie Uuie rvqui i I might hftte a
guide -.in (o D a wan, not iu umciwl
ijiv.,, hut ;i<-c unpanied by fLvu Yaimm men, wearing lbs dis-
tuietr,. i i:. t . noted "ii mOiOnd presented mc with my Pwt»T*>rl,
Haying abo that ha would call on ma to-ruorrmv and accompany
through the city, lie told me had huge
popolatioDj nearly n large m that ■ i Pi i 4sin, and thai it was
ill.- pnftetDial city od me prortnee. Ha said that two mi*-
■ionarics hod been there lately distributing soinc bookaj and
mentioned the names of Maur* BkUdni bm Blodget He it i
mentioned thai he had known me by ropotet having heard of
the hospital at Tien-tain, and thai many of die people of the
City hud been 1
1Q1. ill. d on mo at an tail) hour, when WO set
out to see the ehy. i b rarorind fttthe Ions ato itawe
passed through, and the clean uud tiuv appearance of die place.
266
! 1 1 I RBnfr Notts efa Journey in lh<
The atmosphere was qmta oloax ftian the abominable odour*
motored iii CI line riii.- Ix ..!, mal then- wen- many
pood shops and houses, I hewing thai the place had con idi taUi
l.*Ufinci& Some of the draperr shape were particularly fine and
well stored with poo<ls, and the apothecaries1 and tea #hops
looked M-rv respectable. My guide brought me to a place R
some stalls were ereoted for displaying goo.!-; for salt, It was in
the ricinity of a large public building, where then were iw ••
Dourtjard* I l^arm-d it wax I or fair that v*j
. hold here, and that people brought tin ii goods from die-
tutpbosR 1 (bund large quantities vA (alt carpetaj j^nerally
about eix feet in length, by four or five < Sere were
eomo largo saongb to carpet a large-«izcd kang, tboy being
Intended for thai ptnpow. They came from bi rond the Great
Wall, and wen made at a plaoa ceiled Chanj: Obi Kow, ou the
borders of Mongolia, There was also a laiyc duplav uf in.
r use ; .liii-th whin und bUok l.nnlw'-wuol bl. kins,
wolf-dans, mld-cal, shoep-Kkiiit*. r,imt— kins, MjuirirK . i n .1 h ,
sable, and unborn camel, and one or two 1 .■ ' Uiu - large
quantities of furcign cloths, 1 m it Ii wool and OOttOn, mid cloth of
n:iii\f in nuinti'tnre, v blta is i dyed bhu oi black i aboeilJn^fl
bum. rn.niufaotonb "-ady-made clothes, &c. 'J'ucto was also a
ouxiositj i,,,-, ,,.,.. ,JUtly anflBged with pins of crackled and
otln r lands of ola china, cups, cowls, pin tea?, bronaos, enamel
vasee, Air.; jade Gnoamanta, rcroll-paintn I soma lx-nuti-
fully illustrated mmiu icript books; beside ir Chinee*
iU, gems, gin** imitations, and an innumerable catalogue of
what iK'i .Uy r .inul in < 'liini tip*.
1 found ihe uorlh gate of Uie eily in lh< | i i in of the
most iinniilit.irv-l.ii.kitig guard it is pcesibla to imagine, and
I : in- ilirou^fi if 1 (bund, i thi distance ol about );"; jraidi
from boa Bttnelated twill of imwnnry, u crenelated mild lireeee*
work, vhirji appeared to bo carried all round the eiij walL there
was a canal-Like river in fmul. of il, and the hridg I I i lusaed
■ur had i & t nam wok on the farther side, Tina bouees of
tho northern suburb «\f<Milnl along the road, and were eon-
sidi-niliiy above ir. the mud having been worn away by
orraui, sjod tho constant traffic of carts nj«>n it.
At Bm tbe day promised to b i : warm, the sky lieiug
free from clouds ; but as wo advanced on on i i i we bocamo
oiiYoloped in a dust-atorm, or Qua-Fung, and the wind from
the westward in* nj aeed to a gala. Towards it became
intensely cold, and tlh.n;.li I was well covered with warm woollen
i-lothes, consisting <*i il.tnm-l ihirt, cloth waistooat, coat, and
t\nvk pilot orareoat, I Calf the cold peaetrato to my skin- WUfl
Nortft-Wtst Neighbourhood of I'eAin.
2G7
tho storm was at iu height we met -.:- vi nl OOtaj DO each
.-.liiili t!n-rr wcro about ten men, in such ndsaVablc plight
the cold that ilu-> Imrdly noticed tue as we paaaxL Zhoqdta
appeared to hare do military arm* with them, and wcro id
plain cloth'-*, thev were soldier*, proceeding from Tien-taiii and
other stations to lW-tiu£-foo to join the army engaged in opera-
tion* Bgnnsl tin' \i.-n-:i-i ivIh-U oi'tlm neighbouring proviacsj of
Nlmn-tu:i_\ Tln-v MM rnvirn! v.-ith dual, and nearly all of
them wore go r their eye*, to protect them against the
tin*' penetrating particles of dnst, wliieh II the CSHU6 Oztfaal
tsenaae whidh we Bud the inhabitants of the
n >rt li of China especially subject to
Beaching a town called Gno^hu-sha, wo neve fclad to find on
inn r-t tin- SiSteRI -nlmrK befog In ;i iniHcrjihl*1 pliiriil Imii
oold and fatigue ; ve bad ridden o-O leo, or about IT mile: , with-
i H resting.
. — Started from the inn at Gna-abu-aha at an early hoar
of the morning, which, though fine* with bright jnnshino end B
clear ntm<w;phern, I'elt piercingly cold. There was ice on tbe
pools of water, and frost On the ground. The suburb had a
Hiirj dilapidated appearance. The cfty w : 1 1 1 ma h the? form
Of tt pnrallrlo^raiii, longer in its north and south tides than in
fa Ba^l iind wrM. Tle> liiMi-nlid imt :i| ].r.n [DOM tfafl ftbOttl
400 'yard* in Length in many parti it had fallen down, bo that
afforded no protection to those living fcuridfti It appeared to
Im* a (it symbol of the moral nutation >• ti ■ pine.
Beyond this town the country appeji.,<l mure uBdola&ag^tbe
niilwi- light and sainlv. Our road did not pi
lino, but, on tbe whole, tended in a north-caM* ily dfroottai till
we reached a bridge, eronuig ■ river about 160 yards in width.
I'iif bridge wa« narrow and made of wood, and was Rupportod by
numerous trartfc a of -'out spars, rising to a eo ; l« height
ihove tin- water. Prwodinir a >hort dfctanee along tbe norti
of this river, named Fei-ko-ho — and no doubt it has ite
in the , OS I crowd DTfir nt Tu-*i-w(H>. close U'
io western hi lb* — ve <-i.i. hid u village of consider.' and
linj-T importance named IVi-ko. Mv pa-sed mvr .i bridge of
iry in the middle of tho town, and found * UtfgO Trtun Pfff
>w boata DQOdred olon j the tptty% at each side, and a con-
aorrtity of coal storod there. There were a great
~. boatmen, who were engnged chiefly in tin ■ ■".■!
'•;irr\ii:.' tr::i|i«: tlii-* river, the Lee-ho, being unviable for their
narrow boats to within a short da t.-o.e. of the wml-minea.
We proceeded by Ihfl road still in a inotli-casteily direction.
and towards creniuV met with a loiu pn- - :..n i.f men and
*;s
Lami'Iiky'a Notes of a Jourtiey in the
! ii i morons cart* laden with bricks and K3m and
timber. There appeared to bo about eighty m| thorn, and th-
ptGCeorfon i-.\(i mled ulnuil two miles. Ill about the middle of it
there was a roloraal fijruro in a sitting posture, dressed in nsi
ruln.s, rtivl holding n scimeUr ia hit ngol hand; his face was
painted blue, and nig prominent staring even ma defiant look
«kT6 htB 0 OICHlt diabolical i EL H> W aU< d Et Ixmg
Ye. in. 'mi ii" Snu df tint ^YoIf. Hi« wiw supuused tn have great
influence over rain, and was intended as tlio tut ty of
.1 Dew temple tlmt was lx-iii^ fiiuiiilcd m .1 \ i i funning
district distant about fifty lee, uud had beon a coupfi
of hundred lec from a lnrpe. temple, of \vhieh litis was pos-Mldy
to b<! u dataobed 00QBOUOB or efihoot Ho was carried on
a platform supported by sixty men. and a man stood behind
holding over liiin u I'lp-.' P'd umbrella (if sljilr, similar (fl tllUtt*
seen in the pro - lioi of mandarin* of high rank. The l>
..iii- u kend<-d I ■ la) tin- foundation of tho letnple, which
uiv punk* informed no would bo done with some necronm a
ceremoniea and jol
Proceeding ii fow mile* further on wc came to :i village railed
Shako, nt much a bit had been held that day.
9th. — Morning cold, but as the day advanced ii l*vjinm
warmer. Our road led 10 B north-easterly direction through
oatrj moflilv cultivated with ooUon. Tool breakfast
rested at a wayside inn at a village called New-Toso. Fonnd
tfaf place olvo very busy with a fail that was being held. Tin n
wag mueli oottoo in larj^i* sacks, and I also observed some oxen
mid ponies exposed for sale. Occasionally largo horda of oxon
;it«' tn be met with. They come from beyond the Greal Wall,
where they aro to bo found in horda of considerable i/ tVoding
oo the pv tun -l mhIs of Mongolia. These oxen are In great
request in the north, being commonly need as beasts of tan
4ind for agricultural purposes. They have some resemblance to
the European kinds, and, besides being coloured and marked
like thorn, they give a full-touod note when tie y low, u hie-bis
aixnod sniftciflol to denote =i oanunon kindred- Tliojr are nofl
inferior in size, and aro |ind.ably stronger and larger boned
animals; Tln-y an apparently a clumsy, bo&vy-heededi and
i' em.;. These eli.ii'.i'ier.: l)eitu_' dependent OO th- DT0
longed severity of the viator aeaeon of the north of I
■■■ yean numlx-rs of these animals have been imported Into
Shanghai from the north of rhino to supply the mihl
ti.it , ami tin ofditiuns against the Tajpinj
the Interior, tin ■/ accompanied the force to supply Uic t:
in the field with fresh meat. On diesc occasions the,} would bo
North- We*t Neighbourhood of Pthn. 269
allowed to gran on what appeared to be good grass growing
On tin- Soldi which had lain uncultivated for two or throo yoaxs.
If was remarked that utaas nartluRi cattle would phi6 away
Bad 'li", ud on examination of tin inii-rior of tno animal
tangled masses of grass mm Grand obstructing tin- b>
teetinot.
After a smart rid* of about 12 mile* I found myself at
lbs residence of my guide, who look tlie opportunity of re-
visuin^ ku 1 unity on one rot urn homo. Feeling myself rather
!! I wns ijiiitu indilYrniit. u> this trnUI2*ranif, H I knew 1
was withiu eavjy distance of 1 ji n f in. Eg wiueh I was n tioni Ko
return.
I was much struck nt tlto cold grouting of tho family on the
node's arrival ; the expression " bare oono* 'Ui leou) wa^
by the mother, and tha i ;'*. tin1 ■■ m Um woadoor
feeling reij cold, and being Pttnor unwell, the family mada me
i ril • :i. j) >--ii i wu mi bath toi n& «•
that I was abk to mora on nw tanoaj (ba utttdtybyraolining
on my bed in the cart. lQh rasa aoon toned on to the
i-mhnuhn.- dy aUudod t-., . -nly on this pfffof) it con-
tinued more nl fill near the fi rry ovi r the western
n i
I'ii ontorag Tirn-tsm ! found Qm BOBBW str«U crowded M
ft ml what ttniclc me as k1 his tit •- fmjw i i i: Mft>
of noon, worn- Ik and eluMrun, eagerly looking through
ojeopta exhibited hy strolling showman nt the rat
one cash for teeing each slide. This waa a rtrungo evidence of
the rapid progress of Western civilization.
XIV.-— Xoh x on Eastern Persia and Wc$tcrn Bo;<
By Colonel P, J. trOMWMID, C.
\ in 181)1! I hod tho honour i«f suhmittinp to tl
I raphieal S x/p-ty hh: m.i< . •'•' -m • ■ iploral ion,madi d
tii. envious year, along tho coast torn Belnc
hractof country i-onip i.M'd In -in ■ --n 1-2 and (17"1 R.lonj
known !•'• Ehuopeana I had pcooeeded from Kun
with a view of arranging for acoast-hii<* of tologmph,; hut
ofaeoj prevented in..- from continuing the route beyond
i-.rt Of t-wadur, and the ";.!, v- "f ' ><>*•> rnmmt aOOOSSil
Datum thence to India. Tho clown if 1803, bnwever, was
irablc to a : on of the deferred journey, an
T)eee:iiii.-i of that y-.n I f< m ml mywlf engngwl in an enquiry
'•vhii -j j-romwod to* supply new tttfattnwttol of interest on tl a
j
>jm
ItOtDSMIDV iVcrfw on Eastern Persia
hores of Mokron,orthai poi tfcmci Betachistan sittui
botwpgp H6 and B2 i..
It »o huppoued, however, that at this particular poriixl th<
|;il... hum utcd <_'r.l..u<i r.itiiclv St.-AVint wna about i" la) tip- lei*
gniph cftbb in tba FflmfanGult Telegraphic eommmii.
wi lli India had not become ufaU accomj/i, a* at present, and
was lookod Ibrwaid to a* an object of primary imjmnanoe.
ln.-.inw Kfooa i" accompany tho telegraph exp dition took me
;iw;i^ (Vniu ill M-Ki.ui ciiast; and personal acquaint
the seoni d Lntozid^J exploration limited, on this
oooaaioO) to ,i hurried oncflNznonioii* unit in Choubur and
Qwettur, small portt Wilt of Gwtidur. A hri<-t" '< -riptkm of
places tfl given, to supply what might othi rv »«ra
vriin tii rlundjnaiwyftom theCbspian toKuracfa^
of whirl) the completion would ho whown by mul. j\»pcr
l-u 1 m 1S08 a senile] to the
On tho Jth FoVruaxy, Ism, I took loavo of some plensant
oonfpnuons fo EU£ iteamer Viatoria,t}\cn lyin^ i-fi'tln: 'il-
ia o^iest of soundings for tho cable, and, betw<
tour in tin morning, dropped into n native fishing-boat to make
my wny \>> Choubar, distant from 26 lo 80 mile* We notched
it at about H a.m.
Our I mat** new rare Lwelvta in nil. including raj ■ If nod Mr-
PQXrt, Plfth 'I if Audi;, as old loquaintauoo whom i hail lured as
a ■ 'i in :t • iit 'iwofliir. Our apiiearanoa « i . m i
imposing, ami, when tli«< landing wi vd, my suite was
ivdue. il t.. a iiii^h; individual, ilio liAji. Wi? \v< n -I l.\
:. Kwsat Khwoju, ami an Ai.«l» of the Willi's retinae, eeoortaa
to thr t.e.YIl.uIld pnOOntod to tllo (hilt llIIUr;rlf, Win
U-: iiy the " ito nf lli" 1'iirT.. A IIUinliiT of prnplc rrowili I llf ■
ttto Dfloal Bolotatioai van made, tho usual questions asked and
replied to, ami 1 ••nteml upon buitiiircu. A certain ii'sorre,
which I h;i<l -••> mod to notice in the first instance, grnui
worooway.and nothing could bo more friendly than tho adv&aeep
Ktage of our meetii n-h was finally dissolved by thu intro-
duction of halwa and eoftoo. 1'he next process was to take rac
to u garden when- halm irafl re-intrtidurnu, and I hnd no resource
but to add to it figs, walnuU, and eoeoanul . M
for some time, m praaaanl wmvrT-ai.ion, il
Khwojfl nj dng ho«U with tnio Arab ^UKto and hospitality. The
I. tt i. in addition to his native Arubic, spoke ILnduataoi and
I '< i-ian rvadily, find WW a man of more knowledge of the world
than might have boen looked for in this particular locality.
Mr Qmntd the Choubar revenues from the Iimium for a fixed
y.'arly NBtti
Tlir ^ tUage of Choubar is situati*! on a sand hillock in a small
and H'fAtrrn FMrirhistnn .
171
bay of irregular aim p . ) Ihe two points, Has Ti/„ north,
and Bit I lEonbatj Booth. Tha (attar, though quito inagniflcant
in height, is audibly ackiiowl.^I'-.-ti i»v il.« '. . \» txxom m
valor around it, ana mazk* t!i ■ of tlio
buy vThoH.- nam. :f bean, I: ■ plaoed i>y Honburgh fa)
fade 25 Iffa and [ongikui BO ■ i The same mit hi oil y
calls ih" i iy "i i iBoabax "one of the bait on the const;" but the
t&temenl tlni the town ifttdfiB 'die best on llieooaaft,*
is ceri.iiitly not supported by the prima facie impressions of a
m 'l inspo Hon. Xhofcri ma; bs largnc than Hmt ofGiridnr.
ail - ool] " '": ri can ill contrast to the mat-hm
it, ;inii, it found among other mud-buiMing*, would attract no
attention limn any ordinary rOlago rtxvctaro or anclosmv.
'lin huts aro pcrhaiis a little mow oompaet than the huU at
<Ju;idiir. 1 hi t t.lr>o last having beaa bnmedlj put op smooth*
flreof X"M*jiii»i-r. aro no totaga. Oust moor-
tntnly BIDTi treoS ED QlOllbor, and there is something more Uki
garden cultivation. Thn ctH'iui'iut, « ill \.- *. mil mflngO RNfcg <■«■!)-
:-«ii'. and yet not alone; and it was refreshing to sec the
familiar null, watorbflg, wd vatorcotUM qowotot pnuutiTA I
obaarn I little nrhii b a omod to requm i Fnreiul note. Perhaps
tin: aaausoleom of Pear Hythr at the point, and the Klwojari
shrine north of the town, are as remark. J'l< «»l>jocta a* any.
The population bbul BtnalL lb number (nhotseshai bees
given to uio iw 2'25f and I should compute roughly their inha-
bitants at about 900, although the Buanya's Bteteu nr, as fol lows,
b Hoi io Ubor il : —
urn.
..
40
50
Tici* awl oilier* 40
m 40
m i«>
IlllMlV.V- fi
>liS 30
Total
■_".'. i
OanpUlA
HO
HO
85
100
100
30
15
70
SCO
He \Vidi, or Governor, B Aid, bos I, is t.n Arab attendant*;
but tin* protection of the place is lefl to othi is. Tin yurly
*nm i .i v. i , i i ii the revenues aro formed is said, on good authority,
in be 6000 rupee*. It* tfopoxftkra b important u showing too
relations of the I mourn and his Mekrani neighbours: —
Rope i
ooo to! i\tt psipomt
20 : M I . .,»■ .lilt,. IJILI...
l,(x».i u. the »rgc
tic Imaum, afar defraying coat of isUbluh-
i.:.il expenditure, Act
872
GflLMSlzril Notts on Eastern Perria
fiW.rirttoii, wool, *jo;itVli;in. inul il jowari.
arc I' D from the Interior, a lory of r> per cent I*ia£
■;i i ipott A vi i y recent rise of 1J pe ml u I
in tin* Bocomot Dnpartfl from Gaih, Bint, and K«
pay Ij per cent.; but no charge M nmdo from the* • i I
ThiKtynri. Hire, ilnti'n, mnl inIhmI. i'miiih in fi»r purely 1ih*mI •■mi-
sumption.
I procured a beet Em the Victoria, and tried to purchase wnn^
lialf-uozon ihsop to tend i» bar, but none were to bo it ■
at a days notice. In a da) tb I jo1 m i u many as 1
pleased. From all IcouldgatlxT.it appear**] dial in
BUppl y of raori -lit bo thus obtained at any time j but a
intinuititiii wii.H always nacfiiwity. TSAlui w a goes)
am] n.iivi iiifiit iI")mi Vcaording to runnier, it i* distant
22 mike Iron Oboubar, and on the «lircct road from t] •
Sodja. I'll- Mini' authority, o noting i>OIU Li.'llt«i;i.!ii GtSBi
]»l;c-i's (taili at about 's<| miles DUt iii a Hue more directly mirth
than Bthn. which is to (ho eastward. It* position wa* poti
out to in" by a bo..' i no when wo sighted the bold pictup
bills north ••('< Ihoubar Bay, FTnalso showed me IhewUt-yiel
liill of IYireg: but Lieutenant Grant's "Neon Khor,"nl il foot,
he would only recognise as the * Nam " Ninu-k Khoi
Bait Kiv.r.
Tiv„ the ii-u'l id "Tiza," ij. dind I from the low sand hillocks
of I Ihoubar by a mn^o ..(' liilW, in In i-l t libmit i » H • »,i . <
. .I. v,in h Hi. p tso n od i i the villaga Then is Ur t i
Co mark Eta former importance. Doubt!*** it* pnw(>erity p
much upon :" rm " wl iob| wherever it rose, iseind out to theses
:it tin- spol now known as Ken j Khor. Not n boat waa,howi
bO bo seen ; in hot, there was no bunder or landing place, but a
shallow anchorage, necessitating the use of canoes to those who
ware not Inclined to wade lomi SCO or 400 yard* in the v
The Paxsaaa have <\ strong desire to revive this port> and are
supra d i" be building n fori thi*m I had intruded to I
and took a guide accordingly fu.m rhoul-nr; but on
Bit Hz 1 found the Tillage so distant, the shore so d< seH
:.d the ascent oi the bills a matter of co d ;
tint I contented myself with a reconnaissance from the boat,
and moTed off to see again,
Nighl sal in wn after we bad passed the Choub&r headland
and got clear of (lie hay. The Vu/nr'n lay at anehoi in the
distance, but we did not speak box. In tho Hirlj tL»wT»
v.iir :.i R4h Bris, near to which thi Chouhar territory ia si
od. Bria is a repetition of the Mekran oli-T, \ sible at tho
Hsiao, and all along the coast It base Ions -if several
: ' In ■ but in Kith sandstone, whitish in colour, but
and H'fstsrn /;
273
e.iippi:d !)•, ii ll.ii. tkiofc, regular brown mint It haa ftbo 0 bin ft'
[mgolai eapet riving a naltered nook to \U\ihiyAnm\h «m i.)n
■. un-i .i smaller projoctkai to the auk To tho traveller from
w«t to teal thin ii followed by low lulled mi, with,
far the most pert,a pool beach. \ long bill, calk I I '< LDunoke,
anil on. of ai bapc, called Pnchuli coded by
i Itpe Pa -i and Fans Uijiml. the Botaanee ol the cettut
Bay, on the woilwanL O&the m Ea ftlu clioe, near the
extremity nflhe Cam i.s ti Mirin;- of sweet Water, inueh Died by
katilas and Downier? to ami fro. About hei< i"« , ! *aw to tho
southward «ii>i i:u-tly bot br beyond heili ig ual une. I i three
steamer*. CtottWMJ fihaftnafltfa, on their way with
two sailing ships from liwadur to Mu&cndoin. eucccwhillv
dropping tin- cable which was to (bra pari of the MStnfi
chum of communication— it may to, too, of civilisation— between
Boghnd and India.
Gwettur is a poor villaco of about 70 inat-hou*t*a ami 250
inhaMtaut- I' IS BitUtea h-.mi tin; n ■■ t 1j-*s- -t i"mr. i it* the
bay of ill.* tamo nama, hidden to the iottth»weet by the rooky
Iotoji ctioDfl which separate it from tho teach behind Cap< Far*..
arrived ai aboul 9 pji on the 64h February, landed, and aftoi
i eking about mo, «ot down for o time with the reepoctuble old
mi ii who un hereditary head* nf tin- rommiitiily, il.yi Morarl
Uuiwolo, and UitUaao, aro as patriarch* in tin:; cluster ul li- ■% • 1 :.
They raceired ILiji AMu. my gakfa| jw aa old aeouiiiutance:
my own reception was as cordial and friendly as coula have batB
expected One of tho throe brother* spoke Persian and Ilia-
doiHfaiii fluently, *<> we had BO difficulty i'i hemming mutual I)
intelligible.
Sajl Mora I pari 400 rupees par auuum as fanner of the
' hretl nr Fwl miuob. But there is scarcely a bunny a in tho town,
nor a shop or storehouse. The m habitants on oaU> : M^k
Purzadaa, and Rebel. Tho fisheries maybe ooi tohn
tho only true source of revenue, ami I noticed MM boats ia the
in. nit !i nf the little < Iwriiur llivor below the* village. Some also
were soiling abort the bay. No wish was aptarcnt to C"
TniMi :!i-- the polities of the country. While sitting together in
eonelare on the mat ouUide their door, tho old men Bpoke to me
with freedom, and heedless of the many listeners grouped
around uw. The village WM both dirty and d< > i it , and my
stay there wn-* no! [laJonpHl.
tf*mm (iwi'ttur wo made a splendiil run aOKWI the bay* It|
north'-m :li.i. | BT0 Nmarhabfo t'<>r the Uahu Kiver, traeed in
the distant' bj dark Una of mangnsva, the I torembde II ill. and
the Dnehl Khar, situated between tho Dercmbolo and JvTB)
VOL. XXXVII. T
274
< I< U>KMirV* M/oi an Ea\ttm Prssia
Besjiog GfanM tod I'Uhknn during the night, wc reached llir
i>un-boat Ctyifc at Gwadnr nt an oarly hour on the rn<n p
Ebe BUi I ■'■■i-i'iKiry.
Deferring, Eton future occasion, t "i- narrative of some woea
spent among tho« Arabs on the opposite shores of the <>u1f, And
' at FAo (nr Faro) now the mouth of the Shalt ul Arab, a □
at Baghdud,aitoverl;i'i I jivirney from Baghdad U< ' -n the
-.i nf Mim.ioraiO residence of some months in Turkey, and
:i journey from London to Teheran, ftd Russia and tw
1 will now come to tho t>aet winter. At this period, aftor an
experience of (bur months at the Persian mprtal, T »n* pra»
poring to return to India by a route little frequented t by
Euro()6au8 — but 006 irhich I had long contemplated taking,
ihoold opportunity offer, to onahlo ma t-i mmi-lete my reports
on BetaoflistAB, and supply the requisite information west
ofGhoobaK. 1 ooold now attempt to reach thai port from tin
I ' i i .ii ado, and with the knowledge and consent of th
mment i nvb fin ire< Indian te raa roqaired
in that dbeetion m an altorostiTO to the snbmerino cable, end
no such route eoold be determined without sure and personal
fcnowledta >>f the ooantry to be InivenwL
I wha fortuimte in "htaining, a* a companion for the greater
Em of this journey, Major Murdoch Smith, of the Kojal
nginecTC, mi !m !ii I done good service in restonng
many valuable antiquarian relies Ixith in Asin Minor and i ti
nortn coaet of Africa. Hie lubours in tho last-named locality
havo resulted in the beautiful collection ol Oyrcne mi-numroU
now exhibited at tho British Museum, which will, it is hoped,
become better known when better accommodated. It was ar-
<i thai we were to proceed together an far B -man, awl
thonce to take separate nmtee — ho to Bunder Abbas and the
il I Iti K.i njmi .inii lie- iiilciiui ul' M -ki.n..
We toft Teheran on the 4 th December, lft'(j.r»,meai i >r to make
our way to Ispahan* about 200 miles, as quickly as possible. So
mo eh has been said and written about " Chappnr" r;
and this partioul&x box tion of the country has been so often and
.to well described, that I will not dwell upon the part ol
journev performed with poet-homos. But trarellei .-can
nt of patience and tenaoitj of puj pose for these thincs far
beyond the scope of what is usually considered " rough I
is Jill very well to imagine oneself galloping along at the r;-<
10 miles "an hour in & tine bracing climate, pulling up at o post-
house, ami dining and sleeping as well, througn hangar and
health sombuied, as at the Miraueau or Clarendon; but there u
another feature in tho picture which should not bo forgotten.
find Wcttcm Bchichistav,
275
Vmh riio with your kit, or a great portion of it; you are uot
.irhmlly i'<>i:i|xlhnl. it [| Mir, |.. run;, booip^ l>e«Lliiu/, *nd beer,
yet are they very acceptable accompaniments when the ride w
. r. and worth a little temporary additional inconvenience;
but (lure are other articles which cttrtialw and cfaocuatl
>t indispensable, and these are not favourable to IDOed or
■ niforl, i\sjnriii!ly whi'ii (he rider in rut.h.T hrnviU attired in
respect of cap, coat, eorderoyi*, aud boots. Then it in to bo borao
in mind that the horses are nut necessari'.^
posting. Sorao raovo nlon^ heavily and la/ily bono Bxel to lout;
some require great tact mid effort to be brought into action itt
■ill ; .1:1.1 4omi- Ii.im' ju'timlly no l'o in them, tfor u ituncommon
for the "Chopper" borr« nun. to . ■ roppor. He should avoid
ill ;in ilni ri-r- in lir m;,i|, lur: 11-.' ill.' Iflge* 111 ■ NU 16
the M Crupper "-horse b motion: rod thii courts difficult at all
time-, ia at night ixnpoaaiUe. My comrade fend I rodi mimftla
ni' :i!l kinds, hut were, upon the vbole. fortunate. Indeed, our
last day** ride took us about iH) mil- Armenian
suburb of l*[mhuu, by mid-day <>r in time tor breakfast
At Ispahan wo were dctam<- | ebo ll I ■ 1 '-- end (banco com-
meooed on r march, by comparatively esay stages, tothe eastward.
Aeeompanfori by five Fenian servant^ wo Lad not much 10
a 1 ■ ■ h "I oa regards physical want* or privations, it least
:i tin' limits of acknowledged Panba territory, Hovovet
mamilciH iu extortion aud determined iu falsehood, the Etonian
servant, in his own country, displays :\ surprising ainotinj Of
sealj en rgyi And activity in ins VNirinjfhi maatara cawe. Be
• 11 >n\» all prejudice — knows no difficulty of service: ii is only
n he finds himself amoup; strangers who oaonot appreciate
lux authority, that bin heart fail/* him, and he links to the level uf
ordinary bumanitj. Among those who now attended 114
tf pahlivan," or wrestler, was a fine ipacdxOOD of his countrymen,
most assuredly the handsomest of all Oriental raoes.
M.ijor Smith's Diary is part of ti.. < toTQno&onf Records, which
niil. I donbl nni, be "i. ni. available for general reference. My
own will be placed at tho disposal of th<- K"vnl Gtoojrrephioa]
Society. Availing myself oocarionaHj of the femur. I will now
briefly deieribe tho route from Ispahan to Kermon, and in
remarkable features or places in it
" Tim nuil from Ispahan to Ycad wuaiata vt ibreo uatunil division*. l»t,
I: lit or nearly to ii; in «»t- Oat pbuu u I
2nd, 30 miiwi in tin: kiuu' ■ linviinii uvui liilU urvuud,
...
*uil N*i«i!x; iiml 3rd, ISO into 111 *aoutli***t«tly dlrtctiou over an off-»lcct
..1 Ui« gnat pUli in. I • 1 Udj from Teheran to Ycal by Ispahan,
•. ojuaoiacnily ubligud lo onus tbo Kobrcud nmgo twice, iiret at
T 2
•ldbbiii/* Ndct en Eastern Pert
Kohrood tl»lf# whrn* il.i liill . Mid frwjii. nl
from Kn.vA to v, n.i.f. tod Moondly BG nOst eo ttwt Mwiwiwd of
.-in n tbtj iuit :tii.l i"fci prcdpltoiw; wtaraw chi> dlrrct
Tab i -.ui In (Cuban and Natn I* over one continuous plain.-
We made out the distance to Yer.d in The
\M-.itii- 1 wu foi the newt part favourable, but at lerly
cold. Cultivation is sparse and uncertain, population **.'*nt, and
traffic of »o {.'k . i ,u!»t, though continuous There are sigw
of lifts and agrieolton] activity an Yead in rtnproached along
Koshan roaa At Maibut, where wo passed our Christmas the
soil in good for building and pottery. I la night Nome nu.
of the latter, which resembled the common Indian "kU2;
earthen vm water-jug. Iu this neighbourhood arc da n-rs of
IfttgM villages, xueli ns Ardeholi, Bat rob, Auiu«'diil»td, Snrfabad,
Tulvabad. The view of Lh< I-MN on either side here becomes
worthy of UOtO. On our right they am but n few niihns distant,
and we o\ B new and pictttP que range as we advance.
< )m (he h ii. dura are senaratea from our road by a desert plain,
•oma 50 mill* In breadth. ESoping upward from a Ion- a
like the bed of a river. Lhn aduall) on the farthei
into regions of snow. I never saw scenery of this kind to gr
.i> U.i is i, _•■ than when watching the higher of tli«-ie mountains in
hnur or two Iwfore sunset, as we entered Maibtft. Tho elond*
hid cleared oil" froni the crest, and left it to -i ind < I
exquisite relief on a soft Persian blue sky; but below the vnmt
was a belt of dark cloud like Saturn's ring. The base of all the
hill*, again, was mnn- or ]rx> eovered with mist and snow. Tbc
effect was grand ; and, as the aun got lower, a lurid red glare
fell upon tbc srenc, which varied it agreeably.
Tin* fine solid eaiWVflnxernw of Shah Ablins on this r<Kiil ore
remarkable structures. Their uso to merchant*, pilgrim*, tra-
rellen, and wayfari m g« nenvlly, is, indocdj gnnt, and asai
teetural monument-: tluty are worthy ol mi
i -••iitrast to these noble works of an enlightened monarch are
:li • many ruin* resulting from the invtuion of Mnhrnoud the
Afghan. "
Tewl is a large town or city, gitu.it. ■■ I in a sandy plain. I
ami • 1(14-11, lrl»v< * :i two ranges of mountain*, running from m rtb-
EVGBi to -r.;i! :i- -i-.!. n> ;t ». m-rul «; ii I <1 ii -n To tl WBtWafd M
the open country from Keshan : oestward, an apparent dosort,
dltidin^ Y-./y\ Iivm R< istan. and little traversed by man or beast.
On the south the mountains can boast of peaks towering to boom
7000 feet above the plain: sharp, bold, rugged, and
iipjM'l, tinged, or covered with snow, according to nature or
position; presenting: at all timcB a beautiful view, and worthy of
an./ tl'cticrn Bclmk'nttHL
m
more notice than it feint line, or a blank in our beet of inapa.
Yr/v] iimy bate about 40,000 mbftbcUnta of whom 8600 sue
Q m bin or Paxw, uxi i i00 Ji va and Don Uahoaodasi. There
arc 17 Hindus only; bnttha numb r ■ mfflakaalto show thai
it ion is practised to some i\t< nt. without rofpeot of rutv
or creel. Silk is here inanafactured. the raw materia] being
obtained in thfl neighbouring village*; bat it n probably inferior
to that ofQfciloiL It id ail urtitie Of export, \\a idno li- una. ily. •-,
cotton, junl nuinniuils (tV-lt carpets). Wheat is imported, although
tniltivated in putdio* uroimd afid Mtftbo (own. Xhc ita
are melcbed and blank, likw thorns of moat Ponton Lowing bnl
not ("specially dirty. Than must be about lit'v nin-rji:.^, ..r
which tho Juuui Hasjid baa a Use higb iVontiigo. overlaid with
the pretl y bine t&oi so ooxnaon at Teheran. The supply of n
i* precarious, and depends on the season, li' snow or rum btJ
plentafa] it is well tot the InbabitanlA; otherwise then bob! be
•hi;. The m rchonta of Yo»i soom to bo an enlightened nn<l
"lit. ri>ri-in^ rbiss. Wo math* tin mrquumuuicr! 01 their obieC
■ill"! tho "Mullik n Tirjjar," a very fine old man, with an
jujnilina noae and sharp svalaing ••>■<•- •■ irfng a large becoming
turluin. Thoy informed us that their dealings were not cofr
flned to Bombay and India, but extended to tbo Mauritius,
Batavia, und China. I quota some pnasogSJB iVuin Major Smith:
'"i'liii gn&teT J*rt of lh* Inwn in ItiitlL niilNiiNi ibfl rlty w;t!l, mid the
Governor lives fu .t ssptiati fortified i ictosun of ii- awn, a* n almost
erery town in Tersin, ruins urn *u ^abundant. The Inhabitants account for
Uua first bj ii Aii-!i4n inviujuu ncorl) 150 year* ago, and more rcoently
by the rebellion of out- of ita Governors, whoso Lis lory ia pflihftfB aufliu
intonating to be shortly related.
" Dados die niiyti of K»th Ali fi] 1 1 baflaoluff of Urn nrvwul
tnry, Ycwl wn* yovwm'Mi 1 1\ oeef Ms aoBHauos soot) aohsinsn1 vTslI Muu,
who, in cmirse uf ymra, had aiuasaol in uausasttj la] i for a
prince. C*Ual, ijrubably on this account, to Teheran by bin father, I
Lis aofemment, his harem, and bis money in ohargc of hit Vicicr Mirza Abdul
FW.ak, who, during the absence of ilic PrSoM took jtoewwion for himself of
all that li.* nistsd ' I Ett, r*iwrd an nrmy, ami became Yaichi or
rebellious. The Sim! return from XsbortS beinje refused entnmoe»
brought a foroo aud besieged tho city. Mux a lun« defence, during which.
tho city wan almost destroyed, Abdul Bczak was forced to flci, firnt to Kinnan
SOd rhon to MceLcd, where ho took ku.*t or timet aary in the enorod sin.
kl \num H'-x*. Here, of course, hr rui^lii iiasd S3 Safety bat bs
wan itnluoc.I by Abbtfl Mi no, Ibo h<iir S^l hfl throne, t> leave hiu
refuge and throw btmsolfot Lhe Isst '! khfl Kin^. Uiflrcganlini; tho oromiscii
of fonjircncM behl forth by his son. the Shah ordered the wrotohed Vutior to
U Riven over to the vengcanoo of the harem ho had dishonoured . wb
wommi, irmoil with boHkuns and uiinon, V^'todily put him to an ignomimouh
dsata.
" Notfctag BSOU SSJOSSd tlw aSi h vUsh wo ware twatod by tho
Governor, Mahomed fcvhan, Usoora] AOjutaut (iu kv li called) of IVrun. On
278
GoliwhilT* Aruto on Eattern Ptrtxm
approaching tie city we vrcrc rtcciroi with u foikbtnl, or rtcouUou,
Ur^p i«rty of borxiaen and soldiers beaded bv the OoTrrinc'j atewaid, whom
bo lifci appointed ©tir Mcfcmandar w host. More *jldlers tod £tm*bc* »<fe
•cat n> escort us tUniuxK liic luxaan, wj ... I. vs. n crowdoi wjlL people toaee
ton etraagi Peril ■!<-:.. The bovsj as^iied m for a TcaadcDCo *-
Elnoe of the very Mnhurned Wali Mirxa wbom 1 hsvo »I ready a*e*>t>cc*d.
■re wo wcr< entertained during our ttny id Y«*d by oi -lor as lbs
rucvU of the ClnTcrwr. We called on the latter twice, and found, uot afctU»fe
tooisiuno&t, (bat bo »|K.ko 1' . i had runted almost ertry cafMal
:i tea was brought In he romuked that, m EnghaKWwo, w
would no doubt prefer beer, and a botUo of ' Allsopp'f f«lo akr wai inuue-
diatotv sot before ui.
U distance from Ye*d to Kcnnan U 240 mils* of good Urel rtxrl ovor
a continuation ol ' ii . pitta 01 l.nt batwasa Yuad and Kaaliaa. Abot!
I saSUHji I* an easterly direcUcc, Ihc
liiMt throe *tajt** being on tho road from Konnao common both to Yeid ax-!
Shinta. 'llio greater part of tho way tha country i- Urrrn aaW
desert, Although prcot improvement* hare of lal* jmrs lwen mail* >iy ta#
town bj hi
of Wasil-iil-Mulk. U*S bsl biuU car»van*#T»i* and made rwnrvaUa of fate
i*nh»r in tho plneot warn tln-y worn moat wanted, and has encouraged olhen
to follow his elan*
Of the twelve stages into whi«-li the road was tiivided, lie
first. M:ilioriinliiiwnl, is :i long fttttttt of Ion Louse*, with ;» I
ml berry-trees on citlier side, and many watcicourec*. There
;'ni'ili I;, uniini], unil the country is well riiltiviih-il. .Indginu
l>om the number of ipeotaton aaiombled to elure at ua (and
bvi i> available man. woman, and child, must have been tu
out), the Milmi'ir uti should Ik 1 bo much lots than 1000. Oms
boat to-cinr was the ton of n noted YeJid official, Styled th»
Nazim ii Tiujar. He was a respectable, portly youth, i
i u: in tin: umiaJ hospitable ni.umrr, Some notion of tin
dinner, then we chanced to be received a*Kue»Uata Per
In dmi nay I ■■ gatb rad from tho following bill -t faro, whid i
find carefully nixirdcd:— Itiit; in profu I well !■
?l stewed with prunes; minced meat ; the same fried into
pigeons and game buds Bwiauning in ' kens-
roasted to ehi]>a, salt and dry; scraps of good cheese with nerbe;
ttnd • ko Ui nt iinit. On ono or two occasions w© had soup,
wtiicAj Hould hava been gimtl if warm. F»*w litrxe towaa b
Tcrbiu but can lui'uish drinkable wine, and t oeats
in nu i'tv and praraakin are seldom wanl ing. At \ '-/<[ 1
no le« than twanty-three plates in the anteehambi i ■ vhQe thf
apples, pears> oranges, and pomegranates, mi^bl be reckoned by
hundraos,
" fHr-i-Yaidf our second stuge. is tlic boundary village of the
Fesd Ii-:hVt. Ii has a Lr<"*l fitnivanwrai, and Mm ruins
the Uirkgn>und of hills an .(juo. w Zainu U.
and IVatern Dclitci:
178
a caravanserai and port-hoiwo; II 1 i 1 lu-xagon of burnt
brick, wrl] fuiii!i<<j, .mi] uluiiiHt laxurioual] oouMtnictrd i"<m
public eonrarieacft, it w of Hm fcii uoli Abba*, but tha
dilapidations do not appear Ifi be Um n-Milt of *g& .Wanked
by Biikhti.ins and possibly other robber or hostile* tribes >**
strength luu prevented more than partial injury, and it I
.still 1).- tin v. il in ;i<v.>hmj i.ir i i ■ purposes of wliii-ii ttfl
thoroughly i.-olatcd position is «iggoetive. " DJl'ili— rtfli
much the aaine a* Zaiuu Din, oiily tLo OBnWnaflBai k a nun
buildinir- The m - | jae^ " Shfms,' is oven more deeolato than
Kb i- iing stages. Ite post-house had I «.•< n broki ED into
not many months before our viait by the Bakhtiaris, and was
doorleas and empty ; but we found tolerable shelter in on old fort.
IlUtr" in rather u plotUMqUt rflllgd in fcbfi diMunrr. and
quite* an oasis in respect of cultivation and tbo necessaries ol
Ufa "Bcyaz" ho* ab nit twSBtg iuiiih >, U aivnur of treat, and
a new caravanserai. " KunJikuk " may bo recommended t
excellent bread and water. Xhe ninth Mage, "ifoAnowaoiw
the centre of a oompmtfa U uonrlthiBg gZCtrp of villages, and
shows signs of progress and pi Wheut, i"tnn, and
nwtor-oil, hiv abundant It may be menticood U I wnarkaUfl
instance ol the sfibot of the lato commercial oriaiei upon these
OUt-of-thu-way parte, that the uric* of OOttOD hud "one down
about 70 par cent on its vnluo n few montlw before our
visit* "Kcbuter Khan" and D Baghinn are raittx-table village*
in tln-ir wiiv, but need no particular menti«n VI..
-Kinnui] ; r< {anting "Kith, and the rotd in, 1 ivill again quote
from Major >i!ni i- i llarj :—
•* Somewhat to OU utouiahmcut we K»uad Barbie actually to the routliwnrd
. w tiicb unite accounts for the mieuko mode in tbo m&m, In
moot of tbem tho roade to Slum aud Ytcd an aurkol *» quite cfiatiiici,
wbcrru- . : . I .. .. . ! 0 .( u,,y nro one, anil oolj n | I MB
Kabul l-i Kluui. The niujin until blWfl in verbal report,
u tlie thrw noma of Bnglun, ltobat, sad Kcbuter Kuan, with eiigbt voris-
tiooo of •(■tllins, occur on both rooua. Four or five mile* from Hogbiov UV
roafl, aftor a gradual ascent, rounds the point of tbo J Km iron rang* from
■'n*bi into the nUiu of Herman, leading to '■■■ l ■■ ■'-< »n UJ>
[ion.
" n I ur milea from tbo town w« wore mot a* at Ycid by an
Lrtifchbal aent by tlio Viaicr, Tbo WaU . A comfortable hooav waa
awa^ittd us next to bu own, and a Mobmandnr appoiatoi to attonil to all our
" Kiruian i« ntimti'd in an <xU>iiftivo &loio: but in (hi iiniu
!■» bw «oiUaii!, i«?it!i«r vory •
winter uor bot In mmnvir. Jt>* baigbt abo si of tbo soa 1 dun |]
iU at about &000 i<«t. Tho city in many place* i* a mas* oi
t</ tbo emt anr on n
tbr fint of 0\>\ Kajar iiymwty. Kirman, liko many otbor [>bon iu tbo toutb
280
iU'imuuit Notts on Eastern Persia
Of FV: «»UliT» Of Uw
/,.*im! fiuuily. ti udicn and almu*
»*d by A^ha Mohanicd Klioii, into whose hand* Lutf AH Kbu *U>
It cot far from IUm. Much has, howerfr, Wn done wit kin tl*
last seven years by flip \V*k 1-ul-Mnik t-> iretnrc thr city, l^o walls ha«v
been ropainvl, new gates hare Hem built, and inside lh« tnwn l«axani and
caravanserai m 0OQDBM of crrction. On I&0 muiIim
tl.r Aik 01 • I kdi L ■■ i ■ ;' I ■ i »«<* * complete
enceinte m itaclf, although the inner wall of the Ark is also the city vail.
" During the four dor* we remained at Kcrman, wc went 10 ore Uic carpet
and fKiml faotorire. 'i'ho carpets oro tho finest in Persia, an-l tho atiawU
arc 001 ct in value to th*»o of Cnehmem Botl U Quads, mtkdf
by Hsi A shuttle. I :jTT<t'i *■*
l£rr*di fall of one colour) forming the la i Wretched «i an
upright loom oomiitm- of two horieontaJ ruler*. Tin- orosa eolourcd throada
that form the Tottem ore worked in by as ninny small boys as the breadth «.
tho neb will allow to squat in front of the looco. k pn>grtea*e the
l up on the lower roll'
combs ar< : enseal
down ffitk :■ malL I Eo c*rpst cloaa and firm. '11m niattor-vcaTrr
draw* ami ooloura tho daugna on ]oper, ruled to icprcoent tho cSSrrtwt
thread* : after which ho teaches tho pattern to the pupil*, who commit it to
memory. it. ibawts are woven in a similar manner, inmost th« only difief-
.■iirr i.- r g thai th« loom* it rather faunas, am honftoDi il instead of tpr%*iL
■ . the fatten
aaweloj i work with the rararao aide .."t thi wrb upward*.
The kharkhsnebs or workshops In which tho weaving is carried <*, are enat
irk nileiftUcrOOmi that one cannot bntwc*"' odasv
icturefti TIim shawl* vary la price from 5 to 60 tonsa**
(rs. 230V lad flrip ejiiT^i* OOSt ** DMJCh 08 from I to 10 (01 -jaan
V.ry fi-w of rlw finer wirf an miulr '.. tb< ' ■ ■-, abn<«l all
■ : h4i to • nlftf for m 1 1 ■ ■. Id - I part* of ih« blnodM*. At In t»«
td Booric, thi PTaJcU-ul-MoDi run i -««h! deal of 'tldjarot' un ta«
Mint- i>nrici| lr |g shawls nnri carpotH. Tho spinning and dring d the wool
petl Ifid t'i' koorl i<»r the «hawls arc alsn criTrie^ on in Kemian.
nhlch 'I D I pntdtin ■• il»' raw i i i'iri;,l and mmpletea its maTinfAClnie.
-*r Itnuitfol Soman U ranch lest than tiiai of Y««il Tli*chai<
cxpurta an; Koork(woicfa i* >*-nt liy Burulw Abbaa and Kuirschci* t» Oa«W
), WOQa, CBlJOU, and mIiiuIs, cutUm u lh»u u to VczJ, whkli
doca not !•[■• h ftn tin- rapport of the EnoabJUuta. The iui|ortaaft
chiefly o>(U.tu ^•kIb, togv, copjmt, &c, from Indin. Once or twice a ytef
Btu ma Kandahar.
"There I i f< w Eardena near the towu, bul abundance wf TruJi ie brvncWi
fiom Bfiubhco, a belnk oi district 10 ules) t© the uxth-csat .
wrongly marked en the ma]« as 1C ilaj »' [oi
" A inile or two to the cast of the city 1> the anoieut Qucfaer etrosRhioV
called Kalch Dokhtcr, or the maidcu fort, built ou a hijih nxk. We w
caiablo from want of lime to visit it."
M_v (cDoW-tnivfllnr and I wen* U> pavrt. annpnny ftt Kinuau .
r>t:t. the pood old minister, to whom we thought best to tru«
our travelling; arrangement!, decided th<it wc iboald nrocccd
together yet (\irthor to the eastward, MpurAtino; at Sabri^tan
Tdc distance »o tovcreed woe about 100 miles, divided into fiic
<u\<( U'rsb. in DtfuchUta/t,
281
Tk© first day took us to "Mihn..,' . j> polotu village
ly gardens, utuatod ut (ho foot af hills. Hiw nlwo in
famous for (he shrino of a Mabornedan saint nmn'.i Nwumit
nUftbi whose pnmhccitt ncn much talked of in India betas
the outbreak of the Mutiny.* Our ."<,,, wui .. Ednaha"
\ dreary caravanserai amid &uow-covered hill* ;i n>i.linuation of
fir i I -i ;-.•. raoolag loath-Qeat of Kirmnn. Tin* next stage,
>>'<n.," wns reached after a march of 'JO miles ; 10 uf tliese
out »miivv-1ii1)k, and 10 WX0M S «timy plain, in which, however,
a^ decent road Lad beta muile by the Ziibit of lUyun for nornc
distance out of his village. This I- ;i Im^v, pouulous place, nu>\
bai many fine trees, such us the aycamoro ana walnut. 1 1
mow detained us for a day hen . .tH< r wbioh V8 moved on a
ltniK stag* oftt ■ targe, open, en ind xlightly undulating
plain, between the nevorending lulls, to "33m red !:(■ salty
:lu* " bottom of the moiaiaJD stream." From xabntd ve
proceeded over rough, broken ground for i t.-w mik*, till we
reached a fair mad loading into " Soln'dan," where «M a cara-
OBtomt
On the morning of the 2 list- January. Major Smith loft me to
make the best of liis way to Bunder Abbas. I may here men-
in ii that he performed tfie journey within a fortnight, reckoning
the liirtlance ut 870 miles. Deep snow, luounlnui Iiut'-iiK m<I
heavy rain, presented obstacles to his progress in a rugged mi
difficult country, lie up—In in high terms «if tbo Idafliui
courtesy of tin- Gcwrnor of Jiruft. This chief is a grand*-
the old king Futtch Ali Shah, whose descendants are *catt< ired
in almost m*ery part nf IVrKia, tilling "tliees oft-very description.
At Bandar A hi us Major Smith was joined by Mr. Vice-Consul
Johnston from Bonon They went in the steamer to Jaahk,
where they la&ded, and examined the eoust up (-■ SooruLl dis-
tance of (17 J miles— described as a " flat, uniutcn Min^, and
rally de»>rt strip* varying in width from 1 to 13 mile*, between
a run-.- nf hills and the Men." At one pluo . boWl ver, a low
sandstone spur of this rango crows the path, " which pMBCI
through a gap ut un elevation of about 4U or 50 feet from
(he lord of tin- plain " Thaf also landed and wn versed with the
ii-lrdiitanU at Tcnk, an EQ0lgDi2cCUa1 pod bvtWOW Sooruf and
Choubar.
To revert now to my own route- But five or six stages
remained, and I should be out of Persia Proper; aiid entering
Behicbiatao. My suite consisted uf TTashim Hoy, the attendant
• Th« lowb ii of marble. iud ihc rooi I) it i< (wn i* w«*N ma off bj »
• •lid* ai th« iBituractory of Uittul Hmwin. »h(«n wp bad Tinted
■t Ktrmtft.
989
UoLDamfr AW* en Eastern Pursia
deputed by the Wazir of Kirman to escort mi to Vxam,
PiTninu servant^ one <>f whom wh.h the I'ahlivmi before
tioned, the muleteer, and a small boy who eat in a most elevated
position on a woll-packcd white pony. A far extracts from my
Diary will, 'perhupa, |«ve the Lest account of the journey (ate
Tables at end of article).
Id briefly reviewing the goofrrupliicol results of the journey a>
imperfectly put U-fur^ thin Society. 1 would call attention to tlir
nraU won of Kl>uuilcoffspiiUbhM some Ayi yean ago m Paris,
anda the titl« rax la Raitii Meridionals de l'Asir
Gantttle.' The map attached to this volume k tLe true cor-
paction, tliou- lot) continuation of the Eaoteru Persia of
EnglUh travellers in the comment i nu nt of ilw proeenft cuoturi.
My companion uud I wore ignorant of its existence at
I along through Kiraiau ; and Major Smith's remark uu the
pontkti • i the capital of thai porince antireh i^ i thut
of tlit: Hussion authority. Wo thought to Sod it n<
;ii I. .i..i ftiuitli-PMsi, of " BagMn/1 onr rlrvfiitii rtago from Yesd,
and it was rather to the north of east. With the exception of
Stanford'* quite recent map of A- .: , 1 »i n\> of m i i« of our own,
or tho German maps, Id which tin asma error is not found. The
Ekd i.\ llmL the city Of Kirumii Bttcfa mOH I . I ■■ «tu*-
ward, aud lew to tho southward of Yewi than supposed, and the
mistake has originated in the fat tfcn
Yesd, aud thut tan B rman to Shims, detailed in Kmnkir*
•Nation, oro one and tho same for 40 miles, as shown by
U i .'!■ Smith, il Hot vi t;\ iiiiii'h farther; llie ilrst. running v
or N. und by w., the second ulnn ,-t din. ^ <■■■[.
M. Kluiiiikiitl give* Mr. Abbott credit for havioj
journey ol 1M0, corrected the groat error of maJdog Khobbw
a central point in the road between Kit-man mid Herat, and
Aacttag it at a ihortdiBtonoc 1 1 three day* from tin i< »i jm< i ■■•..\
Ve wort* told at Kirman that it was about 60 mile* ofl', and
recommended to visit ii on our way to Hum, as bea 'litre
ol a flourishing district Though Pottingcr mentions thai it il
in latitude B2 SO1, las map shows il in 31 i.v: bul il is ratha
in 80* W« In liko mnnnor Yezd and Kim-mo are out of their
proper positions, ftingta and relatively; an h ill be seen
anoe to i\ h*nikoff. I allude to this partioular eiroamrtanoe,
not because wc do not owe much, nay, alun ythtngi to
Pbttfnger, tol ffhal m Imw kno< nlmi rVrsiu nud 1
chi Ion I nt i.< i-uii •• I'., iiimj. lui.. boi ii ii raoll) aco | ted in all Hi
dtii.iil, iukI much of »i wan Gllwl iu from hearsay and tt;
report*. Below Kirman BI. KbanikoQ" doe:, not proceed j DOS
5
and JVettern Beluchistan. 28$
did, I believe, Mr. Abbott, to whom he honourably refers, go
eastward of Bam. In moving from Regan to Bampnr, I had
the advantage of passing along a track different from that
marked in Pottinger's map ; and again, in finding my way from
Bampur to the sea, I had a like advantage in being, for the most
part, on a hitherto unexplored path. The new names of places
and lines of route to be added to information already acquired
may not be of very general importance, but they can, at least*
be vouched for as true ; for I have seldom attempted to determine
a locality not actually visited. For many reasons it is not easy
to make minute surveys or take particular observations in these
countries ; but I would hope that, as we become more acquainted
with them and their inhabitants, we shall be able to obtain for
Mekran and the upper regions of Beluchistan all the attention
they require in these respects. Thus would the telegraph be
productive of results perhaps just as important to us as rapid
communication with friends and fellow-labourers in the East:
and in this light I think that all will admit that the land line
has greater advantages than the sub-marine cable, even though
the last pursue its marvellous course hundreds of miles away
in the depths of the unexplored ocean.
Coi.dsku>*« Xctts on Eastern Ptrtia
and Western BdmkUtam.
2S5
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■51
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1 11 Mi
ill®"'*
turn
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<.:om36X1d'# iVtor <m Eastern Pv*ia
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288
Gk i i>SMJDi Notts en Eastern Persia
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VOL, XXXT1I.
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und IFextcm Beluchitfan.
T&*L
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GOLDHMID** Notes on Eitttern Perria
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and Jfctferu Ikluchisten.
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297
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XV.— Rejxtd of an Expedition itkwfc into Southern Laos
Cambodia in the early pari of the year lfcf'.t>. My 11.
KvuuiDf] Btodont interpreter At the BHti*h
Ilaugkok.
(CwnimiiuiuitLvl l>j Uic Fuana-M Ojfiol)
Mr. J. Thompson, a photoprraphie artist, having arrived
thih country, towards tlio closo of ln.^t year, lor the purpoesj
vi.-iting the interior of < 'ninhndia and taking rieWl of tin
whi b exist there, I availed myself of the permission \
■ l s '- ooDBol wa* good enough to extend to me, ami m
I that HOttaBta on v.liul, to him ut auy rate. La* beei
most afctislaotor] »'.\pedition.
\W loft Bangkok OB the 27th of January lust, tr
boat nan i . i- fly direction towards the inland town of F
distant ftbool 88 milasor apwardh from TWigknk. Onrcoai
for tho first two days took us, an u : to tho
panying map "ill slum, through (he Klnng Sftn Sepli, a
OOalj OOl io ronnoc! the M^uiim Chao Pbya and Banc "
kung rivers. It rims through a wide-ttrotching |<
major part of which is totally uneultivnt.-d. bur U ot
ibw importaii' ■•■ U id' li igh rood by which much produce fr
K'ir.'it. and Southern LiK's. from flit- im-ihii |i'i>\ hires of 8ip|
and the upper districts of Cambodia, is conveyed to tha ■• city. A
want of proper caro on tin* part of the Siamese to widr«ii mi
deepen this ehonnol and to keep it clear of weeds renders
journey along it tediously slow, and only boats of a
Carrying Capacity, except in the rainy season, eun make
Of it'.
A great number of Malaya have for some time he :
along the banks of this canal It is strange how tbey can
permanently endure the attacks of the mosquitoa therev~fO
terrible that the cattle uud even the dogs pass the m;
the water. No traveller, I believe, li.i.- im«t sfioken of thu
ounnl without some allusion to iU mosquitos.
At nightfall, on ud day. we emerged from (lie above
ercek intn tho Bang Phrakong Hiver. Tli n-
cultivation to be; seen on either hunk of this broad and deep
Stream. Some aUeiupte were formerly made I • tbr*
il.i.'ii'l which it flows by planting captive '
bodiaus then; but, though these settlements «till exiat, their
occopantl have as yet progressed but little in the cultivation of
the possessions assigned to them. The town of I • ;>, bow-
ever, set »i little above tlm mouth of the river, thy of
notice, much sugar being manufactured from cance cultivated
9
"^"^V
**i.
'*</
JUIBADl's Report of an Expedition in Laos and Cambodia, 2S9
i.v- I Ihiac R who are settled there. It is tho residence also of a
Uinimn i'uilmlii' ]H'[.-h(, anil contains a numerous community of
native * bristtaas.
Tin- rifei higher up divide into two branches: that running
northwards conducts to the town of Nakhonajok ; while a second
branch How* from ua twst-by^outh direction through the district*
of Krabtn mvl PrachlSK.
Of Nakhonajok, I am told that it is a town of *om<* extrnt,
containing botn Chinese wrUlorw and nativi* nf India. Sugar-
cane un- -rowii there, and t)\- fcmtfl ttKcUUr^ -'• ntnin various
kinds of woods, particularly that called Mai Tin whin. 10 tacdb
prixed by the Siamese for boat-building and other purposes.
There is also a brisk trado in firewood, « l>i< -h a supplied thence
U, iln- su<-nr-!iiills ill Prlriu. A Pew xilk sarongs ure the only
article-; ol iiiunufai'turo, and the place is mainly important as
one "t (in- three outlats tax tin* silk, ivory, and othsrpxodm
brought from Konit and the northern districts of Laos.
Kakhonajok is reckoned to bo one days journey from
Sortburi, one from Pnwhini. four from Ki>rnt, ami rli
Bangkok.
Following tin* OMfsjn brunch of tho Bong Pr&kong, we
armed, on the evening of January 2CKh, at the settlement of
IVachim. This town is tin* capital of a province, or, as the
Siamese t. mi it, i MuangLuanjj: tliat is to say, that wliile
ii- If andi r the immediate jurisdiction of Bangkok, it in turn
owns authority nvra Tarkau pnaHsx towns, eacfa tie bead of
an esteasfvi aistriot In tho present instance, Chantaklmm,
Kubiii. rVataana, and Aruu are towns Bnpenntcnilcd liy the.
Governor of Praeliim. A jrroat deal of rioo ii grown at this
place, and some roaewood and limbec of other kinds ia cut: but
the trade on the whole is inconsiderable. Qia psjghhnartug
forest* olford a shelter to numerous bands of robbers.
The authorities at Praehim, on seeing our passport**, advised
■ tinur up-Mtrcnm to Krahm, distant two day»:" JoOIMJ
b] wattt and one by land ; accordingly, we did so. Una river
vy Inimmix, !.:it tin- tod-Jim OJ 1 ii- J -n r H V WSJ ' lkt«jd
by the atn mi Ij beautiful Boonexj which the Kit y and riohlf-
wooded banks presented.
Wo were now upwards of UK) miles from Bangkok, and tho
asped of the oountaj— no longfir extending in swamps and
•liviry flats, with low mangrove jungles or a dark holt of
,»alrns to bound the view — h- r- , .1- throughout the rest of
our journey, has u dusty white soil of line sand. The cultivated
I iii-^ts, except in the rniny season, are dry, clear, and healthy,
though the want of water is oftoo severely bib. Coco-nut
.;<-*)
I\ i . s >> Kin** Report of an •
:- - . In ins BSlOtj Qm Wltti Ol Ofl IB SDgplinl by 1 1 m.-
use of torches.
On the north these district* on bounded by ■ range of forest-
And hills, CTOBSOd by roadw whirl conduct to Korat ; akil*
towards tho south a vast plain stretches, with a scare iy !<-■■■
tible slope, Ii' ll»'- U»rdrr.-» ul' lip.' !'i<;il ( iimbodian Lake. TLiS
plain ii, tor tbt> most part, overgrown with forests, but the dry-
ness of tho soil stunts the growth of it* tree* ; and many * flat*
i tin' mini GQBTtH mi" :t swamp, b su narche<]
heats when tho floods Lave subsided that nothing but jungle-
grnw »ill Mpriug up then. Groups of low hill*, throiau up
appon&tly by Igns) on, break here and there the con-
iiy of this extensive plum.
We reached Krabin late in the e vening, January 31gt. This
t<nvn is of some importance; many Chinamen and other traders
mart to it On the purchase ol produce, which is not only grown
Sn the- locality but brought here for flak from Herat, from
N.iiilirin I, ii- nit] fmni tho H|)|iti (irovinit.'K <if Cjiml.
Tin- reeidtnot ol the governor of we town proper is pl.mtaden
an elevation some three mike distant from th< river, which at
this point breaks up into two inconsiderable streams am
longer navigable. The market, however* and all the bi
of the place is conducted at the waterside, where I found a
number of cargo-bouts, whoso occupant*, having disposed
DuranJkctores which they bring for sale, and having purrh&.u'd
such produce, as they require, return to Bangkok as soon as the
watoi* have risen high enough to allow them to start,
Krabin in u province of tho Luos raoo, a people dirtinguishea1
from the Siamese both in their dispositions and customs. Being
fur removed from the influences of civilisation, tboir wants are
few and their habits simple. Rice, Bah, and fruits are tho food
thay Kiiloint mi, hikI water forms tboir principal beverage.
They sph (be thoxnselves the clothe* which thoy wear, and they
supply the lack of fail] and iion vessel* by the dexterity
with which they construct utennili in wickerworlc It i* only
the leading men whom frequent intercourse with Bangkok has
taught to covet greater luxuries, It must lie added that these
people are excessively idle, as might be expected in a country
where the mere necessaries of life are so readily procured, whit*
the task of clearing tho land for extensive cultivation is
in^ly laborious, and offers but little? remuneration.
Needles, thread, and other indispensable articles of
manufacture Arc introduced by the Chine*:, who arc planted
great number* all over the country. Ponies br pi ntiful, but
DOl commonly employed, buffaloes and oxen being the uuii
d, while
foreus
anted in
itl Southern L<;:<$ >m<l Vuini/udU.
;joi
burden. The Boil beinjr toady, roads, except in the
.;r;.| it i . -i district^ are aanlj i-i nutrod ii|. Goods are
convoyed in earU drawn by buJTulotw ; but to Komt and notno
(Tibet distant towns access is no difficult, that nil nieivhandiab is
transported in panniers on the backs of oxen. Long train* of
thoSO slow-to, .(<- I I" ttJfl meet the traveller in the Komt foredts.
They appear but ill adapted for this wet being easily fatigued,
and unaolc to endure thirst in districts win re Hitter i= oftoo
Otremely Karoo; yet tin* people of the country have neither
the energy to I'l-'iir the •lifli«-nli ■■ ■ \shieh oI,„ii net tin ir mountain
routes, nor the wit to substitute mules, or ueses, fur their own
• clumsy beasU of burden.
Gold-mines were some- few years back discovered in the
InUZLftdlste Vicinity of Knihin. Ihev are the exclusive pro-
perty of the Uhao Fhya Unierat of l3aii£kok, who every year
tduN mi office! to superintend the Works, and collect the
duty from those who reaort there. The pjold la obtuiuod by
wn-iiiii \.. M'i< th i -r..v< '\ nl'tlinir iiiiin.-s i.»iie or two partic?-
of Europeans proceeded thither frum Bangkok; but the business
is so trying, and the locality so fatal, that fen of the adventurers
Ured to return, and th" pmc-tieo ha- consequently been diwnn-
tiniied. At pro— at Owing to the death of hid Exa II WCJ the
lute Uinarat, tin mines ire aloted, U is only in the dry season
that they can bo work-" I. B&d B dntf of a fuang, lot 0T*TJ
ii..iu;'\ vesght of ggld extracted, is collected from die miners—
among whom Chinese, Siamese, Cambodians, and natives bcBD
all the neighbouring races, are to be found.
A cattle diseaa . nhksh prevailed extensively throughout Imv*
:iihI Qaotbodie luring iii nix". iou \<m. not i >nly earned off
OXQDj bufTsJow, and ponlsB, but committed even worse rnvagwi
anionpt tin. el, ■; -hunts.
At the small inland towns four or five only of tbese beasts arc
usually to be found; and. having bean all in the present instance
oyed, v<> v, n compelled, not at Km bin only, but till our
rout*:- brought us to tlio rivers of Cambodia, to travel with mrts
drawn by buffalo-*, thankful if at occasional stages we were tfo
Id innate as to procure ponies for our own riding. Baflblo
travel mom moro slowly than elepba&fe j tin* rattle, on
their part, require beqtumt rent; mid the vehicles, being made
only of wood and wickerwork, with not a nail or ol h I pi
metal about them, aro constantly breaking down and causing
vexatious stoppages.
From K robin a broad, level, sandy righi to
Nukli'in Sirinr.ip. :ln- modern capital of till province •" whn-h
tho ruins are situated; this road, the native miy, was con-
Mnieteil many years back by a celebrated (Vhi
Ml
KENNEDY* Effort of an IbptdUm
General; it passes at first through a wide forest of
trees, known as tbo 11m Kok Buy and subsequently tbi
•:i flat*. It was, however, <Air object. ie* the b<
every day becoming greater, as wo Lad no eleplianta to help m
on "ur journey* ana as water and places of Bnelti I were take
difficult to meat with — to push on with all speed till we shouk
reach some spot ou the streams (lowing down to Cambodia where
we a nlii onee more journey hy water.
en an -uiii tn abound along Una route. J, however,
mil i . though ihft jungle, for many yards on either ode, Lfl I
fullv cleared that tmvellcta may see round about them
avoid a Mirprihe.
There was little traffic to bo soon ; occasionally, onlv,we
took a caravan of Chinese* conveying manufactures to tlio inl
for sale.
In tin- afternoon of 1* obruary 8tb, wo reached the ectl
ofWataajiit the nUaftown of the province of that mmx*. Wa
made a temporary halt at this jdaoe, having to send back the
cart* which oonvoyad di livin Erabin, and to ->•• arc fn ih ones.
It is the custom of the Siamese to insert infractions in a tra-
v :i< r's passport, directing the authentic* at tho various places
lid may visit to assist in porch asfi g rach provisions aa ha may
require, and to hunt up and arrange for the hire d conn j o&cea.
No Governor ia> bcrwaver, bound to ■!*» more
Tallcrt; :al. ly to tho next town; the vehicles and gi
eonieqne&tlj vabjnotad to continual changes, win
delays arise*; but BOOM such plan is unavoidable Efi
where, without the co-i>peruliou of the authorities, no foi
could procure vehicles or oven persuade peoplo to » 11
the necessaries of life
This province coiitaiiiK about '-£01)0 inhabitant*, of wliom
or upwards are Buddhist priests. The prison i* < ith<
iaa crime is infroqaant among au urn pie a people* or ba-
cause the neighbouring forests afford a secure place of refuco t
filriidcrs.
Ettoe is almost the onh produce cultivated.
Leaving Watsuna on February lUtb, wo halted at Aran
tho morning of tin* 11th. Thin town occupies the contra of
wide stretch of paddy-fit Ida, and ia tho head of a o eon-
[Qg about loOfl iiiliuhitMhi...
Having parsed the watershed, we i\>a\ lound a Kraall strcs
running (<• thu aoul ii-.n-i . but thi \vat» i> are, at thn -- ;u-«iu.
nhnllow to iidiiiit even the eauoow of the nativi k.
We left this aettkim -at on the 12th of February, and aoca
after, emerging from the forest, pursued our journey for tare*-
days continuously through a dry sandy plain, overgrown with
itiin
in Svatfttrn Lavs and Cambodia.
303
■rop of parched jungle-grass, and, at rare intervals, dher-
Mii- -I bj a clump of stunted boos. Ths hmtu along this tanvn
tract wcro excessive ; while the stagnant pools of water, pel
by i'.wry pawing drove of rat.tlr, wrio unfit even (0 tahfl in.
Swarms ol flies pivo us rmrwahlg annoyance I was informed
that in the rainy season this prairie is entirely submerged, so
that light boat* cttn travel over its surtax
On the loth of February we ti bob d Si*uphou,a town planted
on t.lin hi^h banks of a practiciM.- rivor HUB phce is the
capital of a Cambodian province, containing upwarcLi of tSUO
inhabitants of whom about (iU am priests. It fa throe dajl
diKtint from Korat, and is- uudi I tin n i i linte jurisdiction ..if
kok. The (amino which hit jeor pwniW b Kent,
Dg the inhabitants to the border towns in search of subsist-
ence, made it* prosODOQ severely bit in this locality also. Bra
I ■ scarcity bad long subsided, fowls, the coi w ;
of live stock, wore not to bo procured; as all tho poultry had
been f.nX-n tip iluri . a of senjoene**. In tin- jiniui»li>
ato vicinity of this town rises a clump of three low lulls, thrown
Op, it may be, by igneous n> ti&m, Hid covered with na incredible
number of curious fossils, shells, fishes, and coral.
Little coil bo said respecting the trade of this town, whose
inhabitants desire nothing nam: than to raise, ritv, i niton, tobacco,
silk, and sueh like produce] in quantities nfioiflnt for their own
consumption. Its river, like all othei streams in ('.nun ndi i.
swarms with nu incredible multitude >>i fish; the viUagont not
them day by day, and sn&nus of aouaiic birds unceasingly pur-
sue them, bat their urjaben never diminish.
On the 17th of February, after a three hours' journey, wc
reached the town of Nakhonburi, the head of a small province
of about Sin) inhabitants, and under the ■tttli"Nt\ >•{' tin
Governor of Phra-tha-boug. Here, havtne procured bra small
boats, we once more took to the water, and. oa tiie evening of
February ISth, started down a shallow stream, running in a
south-easterly direction, between hiyli u A >tarldy-wooded OB
For the next three days our journey was very monotonous; the
Ihtlo Erstoaentad by fcrreigcore, bat to (he native* known
as the Klont; II ua Kwai, makes its way apparently through
wide and desolate Const.-; and tin- onh inhabited places we
came opon won- the stations tomporanly'ostabliflhcd by families
t»i' Osabod) ui li-lie Mien. 1 must lw peiuiiMcd, buvvrs n. to i -U
MPVB that to a naturalist tin:- ttu-ain must present u field of
singular interest, from the numler, A/.v. and variety of aquatic
birds uhich liming tin -tiilnc - nl it- l..iiely banks.
On the pooralng of the Jlst of Pobruary wo came, ujkmi tlie
scanty and shuttered relies of an ancient Buddhist temple;
AM
Report of an J&pedtium
thee* were similar in stylo to the ruin* which we visited
quontly in Dftbtt parta of Cambodia; hut tin- thickness of
ranooadinfl Grot rendered it mi|x>*vjlile to for. n en Edna rwj
inj> their original msp.
bearing thi* pIiMM'. ire emerged ibonl mid-day into the hi
formed by the junction of this stream mt that flo*
£roml'hift-thu-bon^. .ami it V i\m. OD the snrnc day halted
Hun Srn. the iVnniJ. f i of the Phra-t
I >k' Province, where duties ore collected from all the
\c*m.'1h that, frequent the waters.
1 he . it y of PIiTu-thn-bonpj i* a day's journev from thie point
<lid not visit it ourselves, but I ascertained that it is a
of much LmportafiOd, having ninny rich product*, and a cotn
C lively extended trade. A Koman Catholic priest* and at
, om French trader, are already settled there, and tLa
rnor is said by the French to U* ,, uu a ui r*hk
;il>ilii\ Phia*ths>fcoflg pays an annual tribute to Bangkok of
TO piouls of eaidamua . rvhicli may bo reckoned in mooey
Taltu to be about 11,200 ticala,
Ir haw l>ee» ■ late writer that this town was Sounded
at a very recent j pelt, and by tin i 1- i of 1 1 1<- King of Siaia.
This statement] bo (ha h I know, is correct ; but there arc never*
thclcee niina in the vicinity "I the town of an era eorrt*pon
li> those in ullii r district* of Cambodia. From Dan Sunn we
forwarded without delay in a commodious tw< !
i i* hincsc boat. Tbc river, bioud and stately as the Mr nam
('li in lhyi below Bangkok, is enlivened by no ii .-able
traffic; ita waters, now swelled by a confluent, ken by a
picturesque Ealand* discharge about fifty miles below l>an Seou,
into the heed of the great lake- By * p.m. on the evening of
the 22nd ire could heat the winds roaring over thu sheet
ofwnt.-r, and in the calm of tho aocoodisgmonurigwotiavelkd
about tliiii\ mile* over it in ;i Dearli easterly direction, rill we
entered a small creel: which conducted to N'akhon £
the modern caj>itul of the province in which thecrlobxat' -1
are situated. We reached this place on elephants on the fob
Dg daji anil tlni.; brought our travels for the present to •
oh we.
Nakhon Sicrurap is ono of the two Cambodian province* > I
*till form dependcneici of Sinnx.* Tt wan m formes I i
centre of the Qambodiaci empire, and must have contained a
'illation ; but at present tbo inhabitants scarcely exooid
• Therp aw ntu- or two smaller dm! riots, if., S'mnphnn, MrAhnnburi. Stc., •hx*
»r* called CambcHlmn. but il)cy arc on the coiiHoe* of Lk», cud ptruki* quit ■
fflwb of Uic ouc race u uf tbc uilitrr.
im Svv'hrui Laos ami (JnMbi
•
ten thou-aml, a number singularly disproportiofitu BWC
of tin* provfaoe* It embraces to im at mora than 900 naara
i tiuvriioi upwards of 30 d on it without
reaching the frontier), and in the viciiDt} of Mfl capital
hi ncl' iltivution. Xlia majcfl DOruOD, howi
of it- ii-ir itOCJ ui DO* covered with forest*, broken only 1 y t-li>-
dtVlDgB rvmud ;» few sen .illu^.-y, whose inhabitants gfl D
Dougfa for their u >mi romuimiitiou. ami pradue* palm
in supplies - ufflciont for a considerable exportation. On win
north this province is bounded by the Lwe district of Bnieen;
«i|| tin' vw-M its front in-. hUrt'll t" tho-r i 1 iVujcuihuk alul l'hln-
<>nv; it is oonterruim.n* on tlm south with the k I
Qamboaxa ; whflethe mountain range* wfaidi thai la it» eastern
rtend io do strictly defined limit! to tin?
Mrkmitr, and the uppeff oittrioto of Oocbm-Ghiiu Nakhoo
Bii i hi; ays an minimi tribute to Bangkok of i* n piculfl i -
! rax Otu! fifty Of baited iviMannims , •■ in ..itmj tin fuilnrr
nt 50 ttoali .i pii nl, and the bitter nt l'o. tin? raloe of the whole
will be found to l>e 1000 n< als, Tbw produce is yearly d«L
i Bangkok to His Excellency the Pmi I who pw
liulf of it to the King. The capital itself eouvists of a nulled
half a mile square, placed on tbo banks of a small steam
■boat 15 miles abort the sham of ih<- Lake. Hie Governor, of
COVCSOi rcshl-'r. \\itJiiu tin. wtilb.; but by far the great) r portion
oJ thi aliabit mts hare settled abort the bonfa of tin- htrcam
outsid--. finding it more convenient lo bo in proximity to the
water. The Ohmamcin, who are found in booh one bi a m v
the population, hare eKtnhlitthod a small market in the principal
jmrl oi the towu.
'I'll, rr ln-iiiii an abundant BUpplyof Mai Bokll D M mil <i!'i.tln-r
[iabcTS mutable for bout bnilding, iruiny d tin inhabitants' arv
engaged in that employ mont. The vtwawls built nury from 50
'to 100 piculs, and their priees mug* from 150 to 170 ti
tli.;, an* in ;■« m-r.il i-*toom thmuguout the .-nuntry. ami atv
boiurht Dp '"'tli by the fishermen and by numbers of those who
tiamc about the I iufebodJu wateie- [a Bai | ■• >k, ■ boat of the
name dewvipt ion would Im* worth nliout ;'0U tirala. It is to bo
rogrottvd that the want of pxxi wnter-communicntion o flora a
lenOUN bar CO IIiom- who liu;'lit ui-sli to ■■!!;■. iy< . \y ii.
riming the timber Dd the foneta Kany excellent vorietiea of
wood are tx> bo found then?* and two, bearing the native names
of Mtii Chun-chat and Mai Katroo, are especially deserving of
'lion. Xheei wen the woods employed to cou*tni< t the
ii;> ami nl.liiT ju.rtioiis nf woodwoOE ri'i|iiir.*(l in lln* interfOK
of tbo temple of Nakhou \\ at. Fragments of the riehly-earred
It. .n;- .ir iiore and there n-inaiiiin^. ami by tlwir soumlnoj*>
vol. xxxv ir, x
;;<>♦■
vx's Report of an Expedition
testify to tin* durahiliry of a wood, which, for 1600 y.-.m;, it may
be, has tLats returavd drear.
The on in* to be well adapted for rai
rice, toWco, cotton, and silk. Cooo-aot paling thrive- to
-■•:]. nnd tli'- • .i--wu--<.il plant grow* wild obout the o-uMrv. Tli«*
neat homestead-, in tin viciniiv of the capital, are surrounded
b bj it** stock of mgu and erect pabng, mingled with coco*
inir treea am) rows of plalntains; while the goodly snpn
buftalocs and oxpd, stabled clow at hand, pivc furthi r t • itimony
to (ha mpi rioi ifwwitrt owi d ol tho lu.i?m. Whcu wb
kOH large a profit they bring back from thi
on returning al ma and of each season to the oultnatao]
ri* n -ii< Ms, I think the opulence of this people w satigfaciorfly
accounted for.
I nnniaad at 8rt^ froffl the thriving iu*|K*rt of the provii
that its Governor possessed wore discretion and leas repueitr
rli. in is common amongst Siamese ruler*. Subsequent •
however, convinced me to the ^mfrnry. showing that too G
vernoi, while a* grasping as the rest of his claw, was singularly
unfitted for eoodocl ing the administration of a frontier pm.
under the eyas of a neighbour so adTonturoua and aspirin-- He
i» perxoimlly i'ivi! fiiul nhlim'iig, lint his faculties are impain
adf U ITS; and he i* much di that each
year l'ii ii-- bvafgnefl En incioaaing number* tc mil the rums
.■I' the provin.
Zhero arc fifteen criminals in the priaon. rl
whom are under a life sentence for weft ; but there were al»»
three murderer* jn*t captured for a deed perpetrated fart yean
ago, hi nl waiting nil the auatomary reference should 1
made to the King, in whom alone is Tested the authority t.
determine tfad ilion. Debtor* aiv made nvn f" I
creditor- to work out their debt: they are seldom put
uules* they hare attempted to run away, and are gem a
boater] witt Unfa no
Numerous temples of modern construction suiTouiid the
of Sicmmp; but they lurk tin- solidity which innrl
atructvreej and aw already fin an advanced afajre of decay.
Tin re ivui he little ilnuhr th.it this place was form
groat Central of the Buddhivt wondup. mid the miilU
t" w l.i al lie- present day, it affords a maintei
Itffttgoly diKproporrioiime to the extent of the popiilnti
Mn tli^ 2ou "i February •>'•■ |Uitted Siommp, and. altera
-idi .if || mOaa through a sand) i n.: i« -t> .■< -K
the I'Trst.; upon the front ..I the tempi. »!' Nnkhon WaU
the most famous and besl preat rred of the Caiaboduui ruing. !
abstain from mtrodui ing here any lengthy description of the
in Smther* Lcot ami ('<im!*Hlii.
.:m7
remains w© risitrd ; thepurtioulaxsofvluoh I
M I believes to arcli«Biiln;_;i-.N; but I trust, mi ;i fatl r^i«m,
to append a efcorl chapter to the nresemt repoit, containing *"'*i>
details of that thtjjfn.*at Oambocoaa omprre hat becjnoewj^l to
it* descendant*? a* may seem to me to have not yet been broii.L'hr
ftillv under the notice ofthooa interested in t'nr natter.
(iiu ijim icr-- ilur in" ili. chief part of our »tay in tlie locality
were in one of tho numerous salaha, erected from fisae to
b) merit-working viwlom in the apeofoiui ancloaure which Mir-
dl the great temple before mentioned, which the eare of the
archttr. t wb«' i tho whole has hinii>li<,| wuli norfl tluui
one reservoir of excellent water. Abort thirty or brtj priests
ivi- fixed their habitations under tho sueltej "of t! . and
nl ;i u6ver*failSng employment In conducting the ofaa&jQies of
v.hn i djeBanbroo^itotiuahighly-T tnary
for onHQatioi] and whan to tho made and hasting, vrhi b C
pert of such eeremonSc , we ad<l tli i mthix of visitors
who conic to make offerings at llio nhrine, it nill be i p that it
«i* not In forest hrnsriiMse, but vfither amid a busy scene of life,
;. ■■■ ■%■■.■. i KlUln ll.
On the second day of our stay at this place wo were visited
kj i'ivi;-h trad an, who had com. nt« th. -.• districts with
I lit- view of ombarkina in tin? fixh-trnde. Tlirv complained
gn?atlv of tho present stato of trade in Saigon bey aicL
the Chinamen were engrossing all tho busman; Iher added
also Chat an] one wishing to occupy a pier.? of ground En that
dty was compelled to depoait a heavy' sum ofi- n in I
which they said wiw a grit .h-. ill capitalists.
I'll. -mi ■jb-i-rvation/. r 8p< Cttng the 0000101 KO ol S u^' ui won* con
\ to me on several rahawn&aol occaaioaii, Wlxua merohanta
from EurojR- reap bul \> nil • | -■■ I I . IVim ■ able, in
three or four yuan, to hhkw ;um;i]i l< a tunes; indeed I was told,
■ ■< ll'Mt i-it 1 1. rity, that. 1 1 >. - reaidtnoatof t-hirjeee trade- at
on already i tOOed in tin ir magnificence- any that aro to be
bond .ii Singapore
On the Itfi or Kerch, end white we wove etfl] quartered on the
premis i >> Niakfaan Wilt. Oaptain de Lagree. Cotnnuuider-ia>
ofthe French Eorcoa in Cnmboilia, arrived on "the
rain*. Sfl brought three French aauOte iuuI a draughteman
among his train, and tc»ok up his resident ae on the wrap ground
rea. I ascertained afterwards thai this was the second
tiin.-ilitt i aptain d*Ialgrei- IuuI Ik'I'h in the lifighUiurliood.
Pining bis proscnt stay here ho paid fa quoot vinita to 0m
ruins in l.li ■ Old City, but. waa r.liielly vmrdoyed in ihawiii" \ip
an accurate plan oi ( temple and in taking i>las«or-t«asU
of certain portion* "f tli» I taweliefa. I daKoviTinl from con-
Kenxkhy'* Report of an Etn
vernation that ha whs intimately Acquaints wills the lopognpl t
Of the country, and witl the i ains that ai-
ores tiu- districts which ootnpceod the ancknt kingdom of
1 'iiinlii. liii.
Hfl was careful to explain to me that the original limits of
that empire extended to the northern frontiers of Komi ; and I
found tut he was tarnished with large and aeeumte maps of
Cambodia and Cochin China, recently oompffl tn surveys
of these coimtrfai taodo i>> utiir.i of the l-'rw
These maps hare boon published in Paris, and I subjoin a
memorandum to Hi.- papc-i' >u mfi'n .. ■
tnai be procnreiL
Oapmin de Lugree quitted th«v district* about the same
time .i MM.-Ivi::, .Hid tuliih^ tin- overland route dowi
eastern shore of the GraAl Ijake to I ; Kamnou Saval,
ho passed thence to where his gunboat wai awaiting him is
which mil.- from tho oudd of the lake to Pi tompein.
On tin' 10th of March, and while ourselves aini I aptain de
■ -• wen 'tili staying al Kakbon Wat, th- red a
Samoa aobteman, despatched by the Kh jut.
uo a special cowiniboioii to explor the ruins and toko drawings
of the has retie '■ II i brought witli him dreujjhtmneu and
rofmaitee for. that purpose, and he delivered to us a nn
from hifl If ajesty, enjoining Ml. Thompson to uV- ■ Uhomte
I'onijilt'if |..ififopm|»ii,<>i all that was interesting. The*
out as the toll objects of his morion ; hut M. Lacree
told me that he came changed with a secret pon
the nature of whieli I uid m I in.
On the 11th of March we shifted mir nimrtars and reniored
to the old city, which stands about. (. mile distant from the ml
■ < mple, and encloses >i* square miles of ground within its lofty
and solid walls.
This area is wholl) overgrown with jungle and fun
and is soihi. I; with mini of temples, palaces, and ol iings.
that it would require at least two months to explore it satw-
lautarily. Deer sod even tigers roam unmolested aver thr
dosertrd eitv. whose only inhabitant- are a few families of staves
sent there by then masters to colled oil, ratans, beeswax, aud
other prodaci ol the foresta Here,as atNakhon Wat, numerous
and extensire reservoirs, lined with nulls of solid masonry.
siTUi'Mim :ilnindnnl and never-failing rapply of water. Bui the
ibonrbood Is nnhoaltbY,and on tho third day we wore forced
i<> Bj in. id tb i'i'h had broken out amongst oar pnrty.
I'ii" | Hydration of a boat wherein to continue our journey
Utel) to detain assume days at Sietnrap, we employed oat
in a three days' excursion'totl' neighbouring mountains.
in Southern Laos awl <
whenOO the ictoiK used in the buildiugs vro had netted was re-
id i" have been procured We bund thai the high g
about thn toot of tin rangi was oarer ■•! wirii enormous bonlders
of tlif stone, which cropped up from Che 90S tnererj (Erection;
bal wfl 'V'Tr unable 1" panel rate |1m dense forests snvdoping tfw
hllll iht-m.-H-lvos, Had which nr, Mil to i'»iuvnl, not onl) th-
dun j-tnarked quarried when r l » *- stone whs mi. but atai ;m
inun< 1 image of Buddha, hewn from the solid rocks in tho
farthest reoiwus of the jangle.
On the 21et of March we were able to take • final leave ..f
rii ■ i. -i-libottrhood of si.-inT.Lii, fortine at day! Mold in n tea*
I boat, and travelling down the Take Id lha direction of
rhfi groat lake, whJoh forms the meal striking geographical
roof Cauibo<!iii, 1 upwards of 100 railed in lonpth; and
breadth ia small when compared with ill length, \>\ [1
taorJy at iu extremities thai the eye can see across it. It i*
bounded sometitu as bl a bioad belt of forest, sometimes by low
swamps hind*, nnd in the >lrv seaaon '* n ■xtenordiunrily
shallow iw to bo scarcely breast deep, even three miles from the
shore. In the run soajos, bowerer, then isa Tory ooorider-
ajbk cboj the lake then iproadi its water* far into the forest*
which j-inl it, ami becomes navigable for steamers of
■)7.o. Th.. bottom oojugeti of mod and sand; and tbr
emranta, which an reported to be strong ia the tinu of lood,
become insignificant when the waters have subsided. Frequent
nnd strong winds blow with regular alternations iicronluij;
!o the laaaan of the yi-nr. and render both the lake Iteelf
1 1 . ■ ■ banks round about it oool and healthy, btgd daring the
greatest he
Nuinet - I -mbodiane, ' •' - friinirft. Bad An-
tes settle every dry season along tho shores of this laic,
nud employ tin in taking and coring the fiBh with which
its waters arc incredibly throngod. Daring (ho fiwt throo
months two lorn onlj ox these rah are lakan ; daring me bat>
pursue a monstrous black species, not uncommonly r»
feel bog. Tin- latter is Wf nbntinu, and not only torn
article 0? food, but supplies the oil En genera] use amon^ the
common people of Cambodia. Two or thro* Gunilii 4, t. the
number of twenty lonls En all, will commonly associate togi
for a season's fishing. Tbi at '-. wl large* and perhaps
worth some aavooty ticmls (It)/. Bj F>|oll .1 sets they prepare
their Joint efforts daring the Leisure of aeon rainy
seaeon.
The >:ih ihoy pnrehaaa for about balf a tteal a plod aT
1 p. in ; anawey era provided with two or tin
:;io
Kkwnehy* Rcjjorf of tut f&prftKr&Jfl
boate, I'uill for tla pnrpOM of Mai Tuki« mi", and carrying from
70 in 100 picolfl a piec& On the ipd which tfmy nq aach
pot • their purpoeo, they build temporary )-e*ideneee
with bamboo and ratanaj at little outlajj sitae? of labour or
capital, in thfl oourse of throe month*, & juirt) of fUhoraen
will tbna cure aboul KH) picola of Bab, entailing n eon*uuipt»ott<
oj 10 piculi of ■ II 'l impose of ill- whole at
I'ii.m: pi a a1 lb cat of feout fire ticula a pfcuL It will thua
ln« H* i n thai [In- ]iusini's« is far Irtmi imp j indeed,
•wvcral Fronob trad pb nro alroadj I in it, and it m
juti it inattid, m M. I rwe line utated to the King of Cam-
bodia, that lioxt f6ftl WUJ BOfi no i)i'-<'ii»i'l< 'I'al'l' ihuiiUt >>\' l>is
countryinea taUi bed about the shores of the peat
Ens concluded this enterprise, and disposed of tl ..
the flafiennon laaTO their aatuementa to be swallow*.*! up at the
uf the water*, and return to their homes in time lor the
cultivation of their rice-fields.
In many of i"ln- shallow.-*! parts "i the lake the water »inkn
to I"* ili it, daring the but month of the dry season, * crop of
paddy is grown iu tbo rich muddy bottom, which d little
will bo eov< red with »ver*] hthoau ol wattw.
i.. i; ron tli- "JUIm-i M in-lt im | trough the etraitowhicli
Uvminati the tann p lake and amergi d thence iuti in smaller cmi*;
Iiuvlii;' cn.s- -1 tin : !>v alN.ut :■: I'.m. on the same day, we enl
the broad rivesr which forms the outlet ol 1 1 ■ * -. and
rtricl Q pasl Kampon Lucm, and thence to Fonom*
peiAj Unit) - r] t li i.-s last pla o vi ith the Mekong, the m ghti
the Gembi rare, The banks on either ride of our course
now becam< i odj and bigh, but th< Ima.*--, though planted on
their summits, were still carefully mined on i
nliov. uiii, b efloap inundation when tho floods . ■
The principal occupation of the inhnbitwifa of the fni
\illiiL'i-. '.'.l.irii w<. paaaed woe the preparation of in
and the manu&cture of fish-oil. Both aerr rcry conspicuous
employment*; i*. Ill the OTOB 6040, the 1;h;_-< pitchers of blu*
*'.cro set out to thfl son in rows along the terraeod banks.
and in the n&or, 1 1 1# - farracsw far prewiring tin* oil
scooped out af th' the rivi >.
Tigers an so nmnexouj throurhoul then ■'■
in the largest settlementa tin* mhabitaotfl are afraid to linger
about the outskirts of their dwellings ao soon as daiknoas ha»
.vet in.
At ranaet on Kareh 34th ««• - mi t- win n M. dc La-
gunboat was awniting hie arrivnl, and a* tbat gentli au had
politely tent notioe ol our opprmudi, w« wuro rvc< ived with the
^reateet kindnott uu bunid. Thia vessel io a small imn-dad
in Southern I.a- w. 311
acraw*teamcr, currying: a crew of 35 sailor*, Bad « tingle heavy
rifled cannon in the bows. Tlie Fnaich QoT" >ve placed
her J.*-'! malt' ntl;. i u these waters ; lut 1 1 1 • medical offc r*
rapes i.ih.M. where IL da Laaxaa aleo bus ii ho
hid QoVl n.nn jit ii uiililury do|xjt. Wo niacin '1 tic last phic
;ii da) tweak on tfarcli 26th, and bund I to b of m i
anno, tad the HMl o£a (ummderabb* trade.
A ii j : i r U • ■ t razu nearly the whole length ol the bowttj
is formed of a double row of house* stretching of a
mile along the right bank of the river, and of a mnltitu«li m «u
fleet of boat*, moored along the shore, ami laden with product
bOD every eornor of tin: country. A line pavta
Battled through the im\u, ;tt right angl* ; ntral part
of which a broad smooth road conduct , with a -• nt! • riw*, to
tin- city ofl iIimi;', \\w: qq ii alight •iniaciici- 1J inn
from the edge of the river. The trade L* similar i i t!
1'enompoiu, particulars of which may b l'< i ml ii tin; tubh
to my original report. Numbers of MuLiys have, fol ■ ■>■•>■■<■
i'ii lurk.-, boon settled in this locality ; and many other race*
m representee! emangel iu population. All the revpsctable
inhabitants are cliul in the bii red l3k fabrics which
are extensively manufactured hare; and as dun bnni id I >end
imetinif- ly on elephante, but more
oatly in light eatfeft dram bj fleet Cambodian cows, they
presented a busy ami brilliant scene of li! i eel
:ii(!i< iln encountered. If tin .V people an Intni in lln-:r |Mfl
■one than the Siem certainly surpass then in municipal
cleanliness. Their roads ore bright, ana in good oxdot;
anrketa ere evunrwhera tree From the oflal which pottotee tin
banunt of Siuiu : the King's steamer and his palace arc pal
of nratiici-- , wmk (hail temple* neithev meide nor on
<•xhil.it a trace of the sloven u fteoleet sthiau deflltt ■ v.-.-i tin
red and sumptuous of the shrines about I langkok
A small French eteemi r pliee nnoe > mouth 1" tween Earn
t Saigon, BtnZtinjj ■ in;l cit> OH the arrival ol"
die iiiiill hi liir M< • I'li'in Bu I reaching fear dee*
lajl afterward*. Ehi bong of Cambodia, shortly
his ucccwiuu, procured a coiiiin^-jM ■-- :i"iu i-ui-|<
-leneed to inae a silver com ney, aiodelled after thai pre
vailing among the Siamese. Findin". how* ••■ I thai hie coin
drift* steadily into the handi of th< < IMneee traders, by whom it
is exported to China, ho hm thought tit to close tlie mint, and
lo allow th>- old OochiDrChfiaeafi Bturrjaoa) Lo oome tmoe more
into circulation; this consietfl of thro -iin_-uUr pieces of oofa
md -*ii Huo. by Thu-duc. ilu Ehnpem ol { v»c,bin-
* Ihfna. The commonest is made of a brittle composition^ whereof
31S
KoN'EDYi Report of an Expedition
ill-' chief ingredient is antimony. E«rh coin L* a litdo bigger
- ii:ni m ir! id is bored with a hole in flu c*»ntr»\ to i
allow numbers to l»c ran together mg; iM<m< <>f thcait
Hit!' -mill- make Dp the ralua of one Siamese lloal (about 2s. 8J.
Sterling). They arc universally in nee among th« pi ioph . n ....
■ who a r. auryiaff them in cumbrous bundle* from
i" ]''.!<•". In I'.hii rkok mo same eoius are employed as
counters -it thrpnhlic gaming-tables. Ineronntry m«ch
EhlfiG COfa Ifl ill '•irriiliitioii.nml when- ill- a<IuhVr:iT i >f HlOOflf
is com uoiiiy pnatiBodj it is vot hardly worth tbo while of any
to Untpor with pieces of well inKieniuVjiiit value, so Lb ii :
is, at any rate, one advantage which they possess. Besides the
wore conn tin ire is stomp id I i silver, »cb bar bcin«
S .1. ■ I :■■:(■ ■ : mil l:i.-tl\ tin n • is stamped bONffoU I Mst 1- '
noting I87j tioafa of Siamese currency. I'll
soarce, Ǥ may to supposed ; but ii is an axcwtdingly hand
|£ i: ..p. J I
W • (bund at Kampoa Loon thai bis Majesij the Kb
Cambo li* m at j r« ■• nt residing at l'< notnpein : und ihut hm
[rack tin Bomdeteh Ohdo Fa Then La-bar waa left in
tbo capital. Wo deters ined toviail thti gentleman i
ingly I'jfi tor Udonft oa ponies duziog too afternoon ol March
[fit] Rnlf-an-hoorfl rim irought iistothe rates oftbi
which, having boon l*«ilt by tbo late King whilo Cambodia waa
the theatre of constant disturbance*. Iiuh never allium *1 jiuvi
but I asignifioant nroportiona The vails consist -imply
ol i double row of boatduub 10 feet high, and inclonns in a
ipaoe of about a square hall'-nnl" the palaces and premises at-
i thereto, the residence of his Majesty's uncle, and those of
01 h "i- two other of the principal peraonagen r nith a
2 l-eizod market on or shoeta of wet
noblemen, the court isa % and all the reel of the inhabitaats rtvddo
i i i ii La o or in hamlet** scattered over the eountfj
OUtaide. There ia nut •wu ;i t» n olr within iIk walls of the
oft] . which, during tha absence of taa Court, Is al
and whence the baaaar aia© baa n
M Ljesty to Paooxnpein. Even the palace consists of n
bed wooden i , scrupuloeisly dean, but wfaoU]
worthy t<i I-" the dwelling-place of a monarch. Findi
litth- • •! i: jt^i' •- t ni thi - returned m about an hoi
l.in'ii. where We wera luwi'il h\ l'i. II- ii-
niinri, thi I ramon attaoheo to that station.
On the tnorelng a 27th we quitted K&mpoo Loon* and
continued our course down the river to Penompi U we
reached al ten o'clock oo the i vening of the samo day, This b
the ni(Mt important town En Obinlxxlln. IIi.< Majir.«ty t\u-
itt Southern Laos arid Cambodia. 313
t< iv taken up hit wricfanw there, and ha.* omloyad n
French arehiteol to build birn a lame and Bubstan tal palace.
v In- u m now in process of construction near the bonk d
riva
A reference to the accompanying map will show that this
Mini! O ini.i.iinK ; bfl j nu 'tii mi nl" tin 1 1 riTWl ; llnM w 1 1 irl) in: is
from tli" final Late) and which lbruistlie hiph roud for the traffic
l ( I I'pcr and Central Cambodia, hen anting its Haters with
the iiuiin brunch of ih.- Mekong ; tin- .'onunvuN, dividing whtN
MM.._t. thruri: sand two branches southwards in tin t&Oi lion
iif ftjigim, nod the ontlatB to Lowei CbohJn-QhiBB. It will thins
bo firn thai the Km- ..! < tmbfidia boa boea wis* in solacti
bis new capital h tnwn vvlinsf ^»r»- is nf audi grani commercial
importance; and which him, \\\ hoti long been the seat of a
thriving tenant nondooted with all Lin- Bnirotindiag oormtriaa It
BO farther advantage*: planted in a dry and windy
•oil, on the Lofty bank) of the adjacent riTen, h & (aanad duv
and night by Qreqnonl breev* -, mm I i>oara,
now !'iM!;i tli.- cool surfaco of tho naghboui I win;
dating lha notion! Benson of the year, bat found the
climate more Balnbnana and refreshing than that of Bangkok
icr inland settlements in Siam. A great how
• n i. moat taho plaoa In lha atpnat ofBanomp In during the
period of the innndatfon*: the waters ri-i.. 88 feet
abova tli- :r acemtooaad cnancal vabmozga tha lofty hanks, and
flood auck dw m uro not elevated on pQ« beyond the
ii-.irli of danger.
Iha nroKcnci! of the. Cambodian dtut, which h:i-: l.i'.tdy fixed
i":^ pesidriic ai r.'iinnjK i--. i« profiting agre si- . > 1 1' 1 i:tjild tram>
formation in tlm condition of tho town. A broad ;md *olid
eaoaeway. *tn t< liiu^r through the principal quarter, will shortly
.lit theoriffillul narrow thoroughfare ; :\ IimtiiU irae Mid Mil*
f ihii.ii paiao m in ccubh of cooatraction s and while th<- Han-
darine an foal Uling the eBgibla site* »ith private residences'
* booths n. Hh market an giving place to conn brick
cUiun which bndan aw erecting tin n .
The French < —nt has a mall miUtaiyaad naval depot
it T« aoni|«-i», and a postal agi nl K lie priarte
rtahlisoed to three separate missions, under the raparin-
te&dencc of the Bishop, Konseigneur Mich';
iln* inicnsis of ln> Church in Cambodia. There an alaa B f'-v\
French employ '■ En hiaNajastyfe service, and one or two
chantBj bill tha uniting prospects of the m tth*nit*nl have liurdh
t bo gram into Bffm ai to attract thither any great num-
ber of foreign*
The nuth ■ [Hipul.it ion must COMtmitly fluctunti*, liOl COOfr
:;u
Kivni nw Rrportcfon Exptdititm
prisee native GambofBaDBj Codun-Gbineaftj QhinaeBj and ft W
mitoe, bowdo* sundry emigrant* from Smui ami In r ir.buUm*.
( fne of ill*1 chief abate ■ population is •!> rived from the
i it reduced into tlio country BOD€ «• ■ nk, and
whose deeooodeiiti sn fasod nuniU-rsatUdoagt
Kempot, and other pun ori I'.nnbodia.
' I «-*o Malay tribe* still spcais a corrupt dialect of their parent
language and ii i.ini manj of tko henna and mannas of then
forefathers; they are ■abject to the King of Cambodia, but I
chisfi of utair own itock, to whom the general control of their
attain* in entrusted. But while thus prcsen I til*
ilihliin live features of their race, thoy hoM- lost the courage and
iTH-r^r, tin- skill in naviLniiion, and the KUperitirity of intelligent*
lor -v* lii h tin tritit* of Malaysia lire celebrated.
Tin (Vx-liiii-i 'bin n-ry nliv -ly in the fish-trade.
and number* of them arc coavi rtatothc ltomuuQatholicYeh_-
iln'\ i.-. ami i*»n inn*] of the tables which
•Oft op nightly .ill over the baznnr; : indeed, so for as I <
judge, oi ■ ■ - ;-u i ■- tbn diftparity in populai
ii a -It more gambling carried on in Cambodia than tin .»• U at
Bangkok
t i iiirt and Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia
differ little from that established in Siaru ; both indeed, from
whnL I ascertained by Inquiry, or gathered from p l»*w-
vatioiu amount the run d from that which
jncrly existed in the ami mi t I lamb tdisu i apin
l£e Court of TJdong in inferior both in number* and en
taousneea to that of Bangkok The S nabotti couida!
nii-iii i otmeted with the six \ mpose the ^ianneee
Connofi; bat tJbcTO>aj In Bangkok, tiro otticcn* of th
rank <ii\ ■■ I* tlr . ui . - of tin- a'lininisti;ili"ii : and tin r.riii
ring; of the Court is held with (dosed doors ot midnight in
Ehd interior of the PalncA. There is at prawn m kinp.
and I tooli naeuum to ask hi I a bad, at any
time, been the practice in Cambodia to divide tho bono*:.
royalty. He replied thai nieh bad frequentl ; and
tliut, if In:- bvouter at Saigon w n lo come into the country.
.mil lltrri' wiTf .i ;.:rli.-lnl Ul.-h for hi- . !• v:it :. m to the llirnfl*, It
would be hia duty toeanotkm in- meaanre.
I wiw tnKI by ' Frenchman in I fa Majesty's ifcnici
ni.e. be reckoned at about WOOL d month; but
: ioi K. b Foaeheai bad ample opportunities fur framing
an estimate on the nbject, I yel conjecture thai be may rum
. . |". ibkj ivo mo unfar<" -,***•
sums respecting the general affluence of the count
H j f» tOO, has many private source* of wealth, whi 'h it w..u.
in Southern Laos and Cambodia.
315
1h* impOSftiblfl lo .kcitIj.iii pre -iM-U : Imi f it must, after nil. In
thai neither the Kint>
all rival
■MiirlH
■!n'iiiii> Jtt Bangkok. Hut, [fthej yield
lo their Dw^libours in the extent of their revenues, the\ at nny
rate cclip- them iu the politeness of their maimers.
The French bare already taught then to treat ("<•■ irldi
a defc i- s< i id Mfipt 1 1. v. hi ih 11 oft ■• bond wanting in Amines*
officials; they have [mimed them with i taste for Baropeao
haUiK and t» nnem* m ; and, by irv For tin- luxuries
-1 in civilised countries, they hare Inspired ttiem with a
...n-j.i.-u ,d- u:i\:.'ty i" iixTease than revenue* b\ tin develop*
ment of the prodQC6 sod Commerce of tin ir i uiintry.
Th< al wfafofa I raeefosd during my visit to Peimmpmn,
if tli-- bands of the King bunaeM", and of
i;iri, lefl aothbfl i<r be desired; and, though [m urij»i <i
to act doubtless by s oataxal oixioty to cultivate tin friendship
li;i. rvt the manner in which thej carried put then
Bhowed how rapidly French tuition iB advancing them
iu cmUsati a.
On placing mj letters of Introduction in the hands of the
proper sttthoriti % 1 had not long to wait before the King's
Interpreter summoned m« to hi x pri-warr. Th» eon-
whi b l held during thi we with which
honoured are d< tailed below.
isty is a j 'ii ; man of about thirty yoarw of age. and
of ex manners, lit? is tin- eldest of the four
son* of i)> ag of Cambodia, and n • U med
bree broth bonoonUe mntivii igkoI&
On tftua d 01 uis predecessor, four year* ago, he was placed
ou th- throm bj th< present King ofSiaiu, who detained th<
r prino ii. Bangkok, as ;> gnarantm for the fidelity of
their mora fortunate relative. The second son was carried off
in a French gunboat lo Bai( i irhen I i i >odia mu i
th. S m tho spring at lust y<*ar. !!•* Mill resides under
Fn och sum Qlanee al (hat city, gnatly to bis Majesty's annoy-
in. i and apprehension The two younger prinees remain at
■
Be qq iTenes Snenth In Siamese, and rerj o nntaously
r i xpt-ditiii!* on i journey ind G i
saaUuiu on tovisll wnatevwww of intern! In the neigU
hood. Be placed a house at our disposal, and invited us to
palace that evening.
Wo made an eight davs" stay at Penomp ii. and ware not
only tl>< fp <jn. 1 1 m fcy, but were received bg !'"
!i :il-<i with the utmost ritility.
Hi. maintained a amaU l>ody-»uand abont bia v****
316
Rj mm v'v Report of an Krpediti
am
and he invited me to aw thorn axmtttae oa the morning of oar
departure. He has no Enro|K?uii drill-master *i prwnt
ho told me that he was anxious to engine an Enejiahniai
thai BUtpoe* Tl aW composed of twelve rotnjmjiira,
serve iii monthly rotation.
Hi* Majeaty tUted, in court* of the Enapectiou, I
red them to ojtBumo the sumptuous uniform* re*
for S(ati' iii'i'.-isidim, \v.u\ iliM d:i) In i'ii .1 festival ; bufl M feaiad
that tin- Fivki i-imcoivi! that an emissary of
the Consulate at Bangkok was receiving military bouoom I
gathcivd i many athai ciroumgtana - thai tha
King's authority ir- completely under the control ofthi 1 I
wIki baade? establishing their officials ia the country, and aoaoV
in% tx BBBboal to cnuo upon the river*, hav- introduced several
of tin ii smpbvA Into the nival service, themselves disbi
tha major portion of than salaries.
1 1 i -v Mm cvscs /t small in>u s*cn ICT of iCnghab
aamfiM ton , ana jmn -based in Hongkong. The French
in charge of that vessel, receivea 40 oollora u montJ
bajifiriaTOoveniHHMii M. Le Koiiclicur. •!:<• ipchitecl of the new
1 , i paid nlflo, as 1 believe, by the French, bi null*
far aaivteea ai an cxplorar of the country. II - M
boald • iwn iiii.'i-in.'i i ii hi amp] >y ti" Ural one :» Spaniard
and the Tiuini .). Portuguese balffcaati
1 (ailed to discover nuy British subject* resident al Pc-noav
jioiii; but it ia Certain (li;it uuihIktb ol Sioaiu -l>-rs> repair
Share at IntarraU, banging pm,
lace, ombrcideTod tnudins, and other valoabh m rohandisa.
let liml im ivwly a sale al the Court ol dm ai
thoy do At Bangkoli ; iii'lcnd, it mny be worth while 'ih-iatinnfag
tijut, in both eovatrieii it i* from the Mu^uimi u traders chiefly
that, tli.-y obtain the rich mnt rial* comp I !onrt-<fecM4
and the Bumptnoni ooatnunea of tl.- ur I a< atrical • -ul Ii*hruent&.
The King mformed me, when i visited his I t-.it many
of tli-- nrowni worn by thi-'iVwwwuaflawerc of mil id gold, and taken
with thejevu'ln that studded then werewurth as much aa lOOOfc
u-piree. Tin*, crowns, however, are made eithoa
China, according to iho patterns mjiplied by the I
Ki-v Ki;-:i-ii manufactures have asy' found thoi
.in ii -,. the !• quires enta of the i
supplied almost entirely fVom France, [u tlie shojH, how<
not only at Penompein, but also in tho remol icw oftb*
Idngdoin, English needle* and sr-winp thread, mid Uttriuan In
Batches are to be mot with Small looking-glasses ar-
thesr, in demand; but it ia not easy to fix thr country
whence they were Imported. The willow-pattern plate and
in Southern Lnos and Carnbuiita.
chcnp fepccimens oi in found mingled with
rr.i'l.tTV and glo*«'.i DODD CbXDBm which country fttn
the brass and irou wart required fox dome tS>0 BJdfli and tin. tool*
employed by carpenton and In the ooldvatioD of the ground
Chinese coolies nmv 1"' hind in PeunpeU fol About -" i • ''I -
a day | tbo wage* tlmK fall eborl of bhoae paid in Bangkok. \
..i . per toem ii the average rate. This ctafleieoci ii I
over. I'u II y i-cinpi n-,.t'd by rh<- much dhotpQT pxioOfl OJ Unli. rice.
vep f l> mtl the other ordinary necessaries of life.
Formerly many ranks tutted both this plaoo tad Saigon,
Imaging coolies and other umlgxnnti in large numlient frum
China; <if late years they have "aeed to arrive. There is,
however, Mill a large Importation of teas nd nlkon fab
which, tin \ ii^ert, are both cheaper and superior in quality to
a&j tlmi may bopvrehaaed in Baagk
bnong toe domcatioaled anhnah of Cambodia ii bond i
I-.- /hiiMw; of ] no : t hoy boar a much higher
I than the onliiiary cattle uf the muutry, and an* run in
ight carriages by the nobility, who prise them for their strength
and fleetuei Nowheo in mm, Laos, n Oambodia arc the
peopli acqnaintad with the us** of milk. Cuttle ore abundant
and cheap, hut are employed Boh ly aa beasts ofburd- n ; whil<
goafs, in iliat respect useless, are to be found only at Bangkok
anionpft thi Ion i<rn community.
Mi'iiH. who has [iaid soma attention to the subject,
gproeaod an opinion that Cambodia bad derived ii chief wealth
from its mineral rr-oun. -. The relics of that i:inniro testify at
nue< r i tin* fli'iivjii. ,. i if the popiihitioi , and t-i tlie n|»ul -ni'i* of
their ruler*. Ii i- .irarrrly proh,ihl>: that, in thoa<i early day*.
[time illations contributed much to the noheeof
tbo kingdom, and it in porfaape on these DtmaideratioBf that
Kona.de Iji;;i>** bases hi* theory ; I mn not prepared la end
!.■■ ■. ;. **% yoi i think that gold, rfl rar, a&timoay, a&d other
pi N i"iLt metal* an- eonn-.ilrd beneath tin fi 'l -e-rlad ;no;n..
ranges. At the present day, how ID forms the only
min ral produo A the country. The mines arc in the mountain
districts of Kampon HKwai.mid an the nolitsfae nropertj of
th Kl&gj the metal produced there is of the finest quality, but
b iiiui-li reduced in value by improper noeHino. ft in sold in
rough fragments iu tlio murkuts at tbo rate of 16 to UU ticala a
pi r ill
It Implied on ono o^M^m, while I win* residing nt IV-uora-
pein, that a fiOtlfrngtation swept oil' & ^reut i>urtiou of (hi Malay
M-Ufomenl there. I was told that -neli ue"i:rreiiers wi-rr enm-
riioii, and that tin V tnight oflOB bo taaOCd to the WOtl »l 800H
in ■ udiary, who, having arrived in the market with a bvgp -"k'-
318
Ryort of an EmAA»
ply nf lunnUiOK, adopted tin* above expedient fi»r Iirinyiiig tWtt
.nd.
I had bb i rtuni . daring my stay in IVnu:i;j»'-in. to fall
in with a Boddhl rank, who haa lately been
Stndyicg tin.- bacxipttona fotmd amongst the ruins scattered over
Cambodia. H&V1Dg heard Ibtl I had j»n i urnd fi [iii * of some
of thcs*\ ho culled, and i' 'i'i'' .i»'«J to see tho nmo; and it Bto
nis IdndnesB that I am indebted bribe interpretation befimr
alluded to. Thi* gentiamaa wiw amnv >nt at
Bangkok, and »;i- ;i i '■•!ii|>iiniii!i of iLn King "1 Si am. when
his Majesty wag a member of tho p
mpicst of the aoToroi^n of dmhodiu la ■- r««i-
deuce in that kingdom: and, while <! ply read in the lan-
guages and nrchivology of tho Bast, he possesses a gentlencsi
mid refincsnenl in hia manner which ia raie of the marked
characteristics of those indoctrinated with thi t« -t.<
BuddhiM rcligion-
Having decided to proceed to Kampot, and from thence by
■• I'nn^kofe wo took leave of his Hajesty at mid-day on the
•1th nf Apnl. and lal mil with alepl anta and miffaJo-cartJi t
plcto our journey. There haa long be< n a fine rood from I'dong
to Kninmt.; bal 8 in not 'ill recently thiit » main hir-
opened by wu> -i i. i > mile*
which it reqiuni about five days to accomplish , road,
which wm still under ooDstrnctioD, forme adjunction with that
i lrudr; to IJdon^, iihoul I :*> mile* above it-* termination. It
in brond and If vol, | -awing for the most part across a sandy
plain, wh« r- jai gtWBi ahmbs, and sti ' rest -tree*
abound. No important towns are met with along rJitt i
hut the villages are frequent and of considerable extent. Tb*
inbaUtanfa am chiefly employed in tho cukii ition of rice and
the maimiVture of palm-sugar.
Wc hod now reached the hottest period of tho dry season,
and had not only to travel to • ath a scorching stun, h
motor some difficulties from tho scarcity of water, as tho
rivulets bed all nm dry, end only .» ftm stagnant \u*\\% www
• ■(■'■:.- i nail] bol A M U : the I ll I© ]. Uldi i d, foi '1 I WMri I
of miii ^M'vaiitx and cattle, hu( v. ■• laid on in -Ives to drink sugar-
paJnl jurv and tin- milk ■ ait-:. Wo fell in daily vith
nartiee of traders conveying produce, in bull-
Kampoi and PsDOTajK-in, or l>y nmaenais croS9-ron<ls frm I
setriementa in the interior; so that thi r< \ sign tl» .;
important highway wfll prove of material advantage com-
raeree of tbo country.
On the Nlli nf April we encountered a tokeu of the tmubka
which for a Ions time distracted the country: a huntaa aknM,
in Southern Ijivs ttiul Cambodia.
3iy
impaled w1ut< two roads meet, marks the jrpot where, I
years back, a band of rebels were overthrown.
A fugitive slave, named Jsaawa, having gathered to liirn.*elf n
t airly in Southern * nmhodiit. net up ;i rliiitn to the throne. Ho
bad sufficient influence to 900QTC the countenance of the Cochiu
Ghi&eWj but was nltinuiti-h iirfoit.d and driven I
.■ountry. He tttil I in Mil. nt and influential position in
his place of refuge in OoofalD I Oubb Jind is by many deemed tiro
n-iroi'tlic Cninlxidinn monarch, vhom IB patOOO he (dowdy
res«mbI(.'H. Tie- advanced guard of his troops being roatod in
t 1 1 i>i locality left two of tikeh Isadan in the hnndi of tho enemy;
tii. tr h 0 id I W 00 111 DOCO .■trui-l; off fcy fle-ir OOptOffj mil ?.A up
UVU lljHlll till' lit'itl ill' battle.
by thil tin the lofty cliunrjs of mountains
which riae in the ri laity of Cnapot Theoo bilio, mantled b
impenetrable forests; save wliero gton\ I all
i ition, ore tie of elephant^ mnoccros, and many
ith i wild animals.
Defiling thread] the pasM an the evening of ttu Bfthi wo
baited ;it (lit* Uinler* of ji Penile plain, about 20 mile- rl earn it
from tho const; tin-net* a short uwreli D axt morning c-
us to Kampot, and ended the liwit mid thiist of a really toil*
' 'DM- j.-IUMi V.
' e town of Kampot stand* in it fertile plain, UDder the
shelter of i Lofty nmgo of noontaiDSj .uwi on tho bofdaxaof*
river urn miles distant from the sea. This stream, rising in the
bills .; ft n n lies above tin* town, resemble* an arm of tho sen
rather than an inland river; tb . toad fheirinfiamfl t.;
•. and fill tin- braid mid deep channel with eleaz green
sea-water.
BlOO and pabfrOBgar are raised in tho surrounding plaint*, but
*r in r.i the pepper planttriom ikxng the banks of the river that
the plaoo ovreo it- principal importance. These latter are
llj in the bandl of the QMnW. Who <nlti v;it-- tlii'in s*ifli
their usual industry. J am Cold Choi the vines surpass those ef
Singapore, but that, by arjlling the I n Tries U-foiv they o\teh
matQBty, thoy considerably impair the quality of the pepper,
Coco-nut.s hotel-vines, areca-palms, and pine-apples, arc grown
abundantly alto thtoughoal » plantation*.
Daring the disturbs ;i<« B which preceded the French invasion
of Cochin China, and while 1 1 . •- nawoomen van still reganled
■ th dread, trader m numbeni with their produce to
Kampot; tho CQIIIME06 There was thus forced into brisk
and European vi'tsels often lumli'd .it the port. But latterly
these influence* have ceasi*! lo operate and Saigon has been
farad by many to be a more convenient market. It b not.
Kksxedt'' Meportofa* Erpedstiom
bowcrcr, to these drcunvtar*** alone tint the decay of the
nal in due* ; many local cotmleralioas have ruutrihalod
\*it it The seaboard swarms whh pirates end the rulers,
for their own profit, secretly Countenance their drpa-edatkwis.
Tie Christian* look only to Uw .iiiiUrity of their pritats:
Malays hare chiefs ot their owa blood to rule tbein; the
' Unana inonopolM* the marker, ami am too nunie-ruas and
turbulent to obey any one vl ilooce tbo tegitinwlr
governor, whoan very title « dubious beensao ciwifecmi at
Bangkok, u in a great measure destitute of mloenoe, aad the
town consequently suffers from tbo divided state of ha genera*
nODt The whole of the commerce of the place b engrosvad by
* ; and their extensivo godowns, filled with pnyv.
;<ad n*h«r varietin* of prodoee, leatifj ui tlm «i<nltti wnUi
they derive from tbo monopoly. But even this clo*.* tx
ed within itself; m m Chinamen, by ate-ady nrr-
w-otrtioii and frequent riot*, are driving the Fooklnan* ■
ecoent If the former party be permitted to oonauinni&n-
i' .ivourx, I think little uili be wanting to com|d..'
• >f the tiort. It is worthy, however, of remark that bars,
as In many oilier ICast'-m markets, a Swatow Chinaman in tin*
most amonptt their inercluuits.
On SO miles below, is the rising actdnraai
Kankhao. Has formerly belonged to the Caml>.
but was seized, -10 yearn back, i em from I nina.
lu .-xports are pepper, sugpr, and rice, but .1 the
and gunnv^ags which are modo extensively En the m*
•■ 1 1 ■■. Tli. proBBoAtj of 1 foreign jjort is a further soarce of
injury to 1 ->• conimereo of its neighbour.
HtH Majesty the Slog of Cambodia ju-oiiomv to pay a abort
aumally to this part of his dominions; and, so so
shall hare completed his palace at Penompeirj« a simiav
: moe "in be erected in the vidnitj of Eamp uuy
i 1 • occasional presence of the court will not only
■Jul to the traffic of the settlement, but remove
iDMSnedemA the difficulties which k"ep it down. <>i
■ i to its prasen his Majesty ujiwi
lin»tln r-in-lnw to superintend ittf udnnai^tmtion. Tliis ri
man, bowerer, resides permanently about the court, and I
therefore is gained bj the arrannpment It wna fern
m to send tribute to Bangkok at this *ca.*on
Jmt Ckmbodia being now freed from her allegiance to Bhttn
nv'lii inn no Uugei Ik* enforced, ate, however,
loaded and ready lor sen when 1 was hl Kampot»aud they keJ
been six weeks awaiting the final instructions of tl
was apparently undecided whether to send them or no.
in Southern Laos and Camboilia. :M
1 eannnt miy for certain wl i i >j" 'ts are to
!■« l-mud among the Chinamen of thil pi. ire, hut | think tliut
-iirli ub probable, as nmtiv of them have been educated il
Hongkong <>r Singapore. S< rati, at any rate, arc agents for
RngBwh houses, and receive frvqutmt coiwigunn-nt-s p| tli-.n
osago.
On their complaining to mc bitterly of the depredations of
the pirate*. I advised such of them as were concerned with
British property to roprotont the cose, in writing, to tho on
at Ikmykok, who would iwsisL them in bbo matter. Owing tii
the general dread of these piratical cruiser*, cardamums, silk,
nnd other valuable produce, aic no longer brought down
for exportation.
80 considerable is the bar at the mouth of the river, and so
nhtfting and uncertain are the eliunneU octoh II ihut i]if|
obiigod to anchor in the roads Otttddflk aud to have Quit
conveyed to them in lighter*. K\r:i WON craft, at Inw v.ih 1.
are unable to come out,
II 1 v » : f— pfOOtmd a ■&•]] cargo boat, aud six sailors to man it,
m .piitted K .» t ii r ». .f 00 111-.' 12th of April. Favouring wind*
I lit ua rapidly to Bangkok, where we lauded in In
ly in the evening of the 17tli.
I propON If niTcr a few remark* on some iiiiscelhmttOlUI
it |i «■!-' which iviiM 1. "I rwiviiK-utly bt introduced elsuwln-iv.
The King of Cambodia told me that the |«jpuiation in his
lonainiona mighi !» reckoned ir :t \>> ■ • hujti.v
800,000 Cambodians, 10,000 Cochin chin. .-;..-, Bad a multitude
of Chinese settlers. Si oould furnish, he said, no precise infor-
mation of the extent 03 hit territory, 001 of tho uuinber of days
in which an elephant could cross it I ascertained, In m
subsequently, that it is mad-' up of tifty-livn towns; mid u list
1 if tin- mr.-it important of thirae, with the titles of their ruler.-,
will be {bond ii> the Appendix.
Silk loan j>crhnp3 the mott important branch of 00CU&<
a flue quality of the raw material is already expoitea in BOn-
sidorablo quantities, and thfl country, bttag cmin oa ilv idftpUd
(bt tin* i-'fuiij: of Mlk-wonus (lit- teftdfl is capable uliL of
improvement aud extension.
Cambodia, howem, enjoys a still greater reputation for the.
beauty and excellence of the hinjroutu and OUBT gQkeo fabrics
which arc largely manufactured in tho vicinity of tho (MfritsJ.
In the llllhllOH uf tlnii -Iy -'s, anil in tin- dwgKOOO of their
designs, they evince a striking superiority to the uoi^hbourin^*
oos, among whom ths s3E cloths of Cambodia are in con-
siderable A mini.
vol, xxxvii, -1
322
Kennedy'* Etport of an Expedition
Tho proprietors of machinery in these countries are oblige
as is vrolJ known, to send from time to time to Knropo lor the
leathern ln-lis whirli lliry maj require. Buch well «di liar A hides,
bowe\< i. ir. to ba found iu Cambodia that I know of on*-
instance, at any late, in which they bav 1 to that
ptrrpOML The preeonoe in PerioinpeJD of an extensive colh
of tunboti t<> hu employed in tlu erection of the palace,
in' .m cm i lli-tit i pjninimitv of Inspecting the ouTere
unci which arc to ho founJ in the country ; these are not only
iu. ii 1 1< it... hui • uiiii.nv, us I l.-ir. mnn; ralnablo mutiK
I observed several descriptions of rostwisxl, toother with
ii > of |.im«, and one *»r two samples also were shown to me
<>t woods highly serviceable for rousting the effect* of water.
Tho From h tnuli-rs or«: already realising handsome profits by
exp rtetion of iln.-se wood* to Saigon, where tin y meet
■iih an advantageous market. His Majesty scorns to couniitr
that the timber tcult »ill [>rove ;i great source of wealth tohii
country, and ho assured me that be was most anxious to induce
to n to i mbark in it. On my asking whether the authv-
would be likely to pant proiv -tion and ami ■•■ amy
English ,<ubjecU who might come to work in the furcate, ha
promised readily to -.apply to such persona the pen
they would require, ana to render tnem any further
that might be propet
On a subsequent oooasiou, 1 inquired of the King what con-
ditions would ue demanded of Biilish subject* doiriitg to rent
or pnrchoss land in his dominions Hi* M ij«'«ij replied th i
could allow no foreigner to buy land in absolute o» a rsbip ; bat
ihntj having first obtained his sanction, ilcv could lei
the crown laud, or that of private individuals, for terms of
30 years or leas, according to agreement. He said that the
river frontage .ihoul rVimrnpoin w.i ; [.normally hi* own BRh
Cty, and that any foreigner might rent surh a poitiun of it a?
might require, at the rate often salungs (6». sd.) por annum
b( --very square sen of ground (lf>.(>i'i square Uet). Hi>
M:i;i t) dwell with freOUenOJ and I'lnplnMh upon :Iic troubW
tliat wcro oocosioncd from tixno to time by tho ovorU nrmc pro-
Ceedhnaof th« Roman Catholic! priests. It may h*
that lin' erucltiea practised upon tho l?Yencn missionaries is
Oambodia and Cochin China furnished France with a plea
in the first instance, for interfering in those kingdoms. The
outrages committed may be palliated to a certain degree bj
considering what the conduct of the priests has U
<t foot in the country.
Wherever s priest ma) have set im the Cm* he nutlm hasti»
to gather as many converts as possible under its aliudovs
»n Southern Laos ami Catnl>o<fia.
m
exertions, carried on with the diligence and ability wbUk
clmni<t« rise the emissaries of his Chun-h, ami ircondod by the
adaptability of his faith to the requirrmeut* of it* win
Boon pnubl' bin to draw some hmidreds of the population to his
vicinity. Over tin n a wnndrOtM manner gain* Up
.• iiitiul Mild claims thrm hh muIiJitK nf tin- I iiijh-i ial < Imv.tn-
ment. Brer ambitious to extend tho influence of his i."hiwh.
and to magnify Ilia persuual authority, be fattanta iH'tLy dis-
tuxbaneos, and in unceasingly at war with tho rulers of the
country; tin. -r, not unnnturallv, view hit aggression* with
jealousy, and are neither inclined to eonl i- on en intruder the
power which he lays claim to, nor to allow that their own
pie have changed their nationality in ♦•n.ln-a.-lu | B dlffisrenl
religion. At the preeont dav these priests both in Cambodia
and Siaiu (wheru similar conduct has led 10 Miuilar ivmiIU) arc
regarded with the greater odium an they presume upon Oh
aupj>ort of tho much dreaded Trench official* in the 08808 with
which they are continually harassing the authorities. We can
scarcely foal but] risod if, whoa Hrst they Introdaood thenuolvos
into the country, the nativi- rulers took Mich IDNlonH us they
■ie- uii'l Would inont • II rtimllv put c. Stop to their a^'r*rc-'8ion*
I'Vil i (lie fouUtrpA of t.li« Siamese monarrli. tin- King
of Cambodia last your imucxl a decree proln
tation of lice. This injunction (which nm withdrawn iu Bang-
kok in the month of August) was still in forco in Cnmhodiu
when I woi at Ponompcin. Kudi. howi ran of tho Frenchman
who are engaged in tnule at thai phien had Utm indulged by
his Majesty with leave to continue tlie <-x|>ortntion.
The effect of the prohibition was of i-oiir.-c lo eluujK'ii rice in
Cambodia, and to raise its price at Saigon ; and we may thon>-
forc e<inj« cturc what a golden harvest WM bein^; reaped by the
favoured few.
In the conversations which 1 held with many of the Cam-
bodian officials, I could not fail to remark lb'- cfimphii.vney
with which they dwelt upon tho ancient grnndour of their
empire, pointing <>ut how it had included the provinces of
Siemrap and Phra-tha>boug, and had attended its Irontiors
beyond ill i ii v of Ki «rat.
I believe that the Fr.-n h ( .nvcrnment nre already aware of
the value and importance, of Cambodia, and 1 1 mt ahilr rlnv entor-
taJn DO design OT taking it absolutely into their own p<
yet that th.'v think boto to add tothcir riches aud to strengthen
their influence in tht? Bast, by erecting it Into an important
monarchy Undo! tla-ir mvn niperint .■:. !■ net With 0)688 ends
in view, they arc busily engaged in exploring its remoter
district*!, searching out practicable routes, wv& to %^Sor
m
KexkedtV Bt/xH of an Erpediiiw
Poach
■• induct
lb
navigable rivers.
an expedition to the tribes of the interior; and it u«m tu-
be bad brought n strong party to tl I y r-ity of W
\;t,i thai ha 0M brood to desist in hi king. A mod
nilli new itml moro impe nil ivr |i:ini|mu-Is In1 in about tOJO I
a second time to tho samo regions, while a wi. -otitic oosn-
niLssion is to be ngnaisod by M. d»- Lagree, mid despatch
next cold seasou, if possible, to explore tbe sources of tl
Mekong, in tho heart of Southern China, If -urmot -
)h> flamed f hut tliey are doing good in tin* oaantxy.
I was abl ', ni Qm year ferto, to pay a visit to th<
Kcinit. This capital rousiids of ji largi- walled town. t>vv.u\
the centre of a plateau which is girt by low ranges of mountains,
and by a magnificent belt of forest. It is thi s d f on exten-
sive trade, the great emporium for the silk arid other product*
of Laos, and forms, next to Hangkok perhaps, the most important
city within tin- Siamese dominions. It may be reached
rapidly by way of Nakhona Jok, but even on that route
day* nuifll be expended Carriage roads coi Id be « ■ tiwtxortrd
thither with little expense or trouble, and whili tho delay ie
the communications would thus be considerably abridged, modi
e&eoatsgemani woald also be given to the Iran
hampered at present by the difficult nature of tho approaches,
But llm S iami - have as yet taken no measures to mni
important outlying proTineo mere closely to thanv-.-u,.;;.
The port of ' 'lumtaboon seems bo oner a natural outlet fox
th'- prodiii'*' of i 'hri thfl '"'!.: ; t'r-mi threo to four daYl IM a]
present required for rnwiing (lit- fon^l-clioi i
drvidfl Qu com of those settlement* from the other;
rood is so difficult that, most of the merchandise a com
dim u the hiki' to l"don£ Or I:"umh| iKfti.**! iii'iiis.. eoi
Krobin. 1 :--ini I .luring my stay in Siotnran that two I'rcnce-
men hitd eataHSJiad lli«-uiM'lvi'.s in that distrid foi the purpose
of entering into the fish trade, and that they wow anxxrtu
to buy or rent a small allotment of land.
The governor took occasion to inform me of the m»T
to osk mo for my opinion thereon. I told him that, as long
bin nrortnes belonged to the dominions of the h
any proposition from Fronch subjects respecting the aeqi
of land should tm made through tin; agency of thi- ruomil
Bangkok, and that w- 1» parties in this instance had ootnn fro*
Udong, I presumed that such had not been the case. He laid
me that I was miwhdo u, Lhul reference had alread W*
to Bangkok, and that bo had been instructed by his {jovernxaest
tit mirtist tin- matter to M. do Logreu for mljuMin.nt, when
that gentleman ehoel& 'guj Vw. "wA^^iod visit to the ruiaa.
in Southern Laos and Cambodia.
325
On the demise of bia lain Majeatjj (ha leoond kinr', ordns
wore despatched at onco to tho remotest provinces directing
each to ii 11 and convey to Bangkok A Mipply of their fiue&t
timber, to be used at the ceremony of cremation. Scv*»rjil
thousand In-;* will by those means be guthcrcd tog- tlx-r, ,md it
rdered thai thej should be of the large*! [lowibleM/ea.
Krabin, Wat-iano, and Aran have each to furnish two hundred,
Hud Winn we consider that th<^ two leeUmentioned Lovnu bam
to drag their timber with buffaloes several days' iourney over-
land, we may conjecture that tin- [iconic «1 their dutit-
laborious as well u unreinunenuive. While, us each year Beemi
to open at Itangkok with some extraordinary festival, it w
that a twalramODth poxsi** in whi'-h they escape flii* imnosition.
I ooucludo this memorandum by reinarKrng bricflv on a
u; ni.-r which, .1! ihr hrt mniui-iit only, fatw piVM-utcd itldf to
mj notice. It has been stated b\ \ \m late Hondeur Pallegoix ■
that, at a particular season of the year, a large and savoury Bah
called "Pin Sawiii" is taken by tin- lislirnni-ii of the Cambodian
lake; and that, being cured by tin m V?itfa thoashosof the pnlrn-
tree, it derive* a sweet and agreeable flavour from the prooeas.
1 much rogrof thai Bay attention w n -i called to 1Mb subject
till I bad returned from Cambodia, and (bat 1 flierefiw
uo enquiries about it on tlie spot, I subjoin, however, such
information aa 1 haw since been abb to gal&er.
There are several varieties of tkli which an eln.^ed by the
natives under the munc of "Phi Snwui," and all of them are
11 ami cum! in ennaidrrabb' nuriiU'tv; of thesn a NDoll
portion is annually prepared by the proceM above alluded to,
whieh may be deaenoea more particularly ai follows: —
"When the sugar-palm, which is found abundantly in tike
adjoint' tl triors, has beoosrt K lofty Blld aged as to cease
yielding sugar, the fishermen fell and burn the trunk, and stern
the ashes En a few days in water; having made ready their fish
by cl* a I decapitation, thej leak 11 twelve boon in die
above BoioaoQ, and afterwaiofl dry it iu the sun. Fish ouredin
vvb} .in reported to be exceedingly Memory, but their price
consideiubly exceeds that of the ordinary kind, owing, ns we
may presume, to the difliculty in obtaining an abundance of the
I :l: i-wuod. Few of them, 1 believe, find their \\n\ t-< Bkoj
as tlu;y obtain a ready market emeu - tin *w;dUucr dOJM in
Cochin I tuna, to whieh country the bulk of iln-in are exported.
It betid ftlfO that they form acceptable presents to the noble-
men and government authorities.
• 'BOJ*ameTAld oa Bhttn.' I'ar M. t'ullrgnii. Pwis, 1854, toI. i. rlmp . ii.
a I ! .
336
KexnedyV Report of an Expedition
\ iKMHX,
A Tabub of Wi povts, Mkamithik, Cukukxcy, Ac, u»cd in Camsuma,
Mmmtrn of WeigXL
■t
A fllamann i
A SIaiiipm; Pound
A Cbincw IWtul
Mgg AvoiiOtij-ii.
1| ••
Dry Mn/wtX,
A Siunc«> Khanan = 1$ £ogU«h jiot.
A Siameao Bucket contains 20 Kuan
and UuTflforo = S| Kfiglilfa ^ulloat,
A Suum«o L'oyan = 376 „
i,Siaruc«: W'aIi = i Gluche*.
1 SUimau Bolt = 194 iiK-Jiu.
A Siamese Kiiui i» tbc Lraidth of a uani/a Oil.
m Itut lucaaura u uuod lu dfl r . I a leg «f
!bw itf ascertained bv Uie aumuwhat iwiecuralc iirocnw ©i mcawmug tir*l tt>
> of a tree, and then counting the number of Kara, or fiit-breoduo, in
Mint circumference;.
A :-v.! . -' Tl( ll .i ;s I"- i.il«:ul:ilrt. w
2«. tot. itcrUnfc and vrrighi £3C pain.
I Thai contains 4 SoJuugB.
1 S*lui« n 2 Fuftuga.
! 1 UAg „ 4 1'ais.
D.i- Siamese M I 80daVpa Alternately 'Jin first moath
gcnor&Uy commences about tno midcJr ul DuvniUr, It .little
variation.
-4 tM <f the Twenty-nit* Vhkf Toun* in the Kingdom of Gmbodim, tftf
the. Title* of their jrnctil Ruler*.
Warn M i"*'«.
Kadi [toii^ BaWiL*
Slam..
Muanc florai.
IT Cnteg 1'ln.,..
1 ■ ■■■ •■ i • "■ >i
aMUoaur-Suiixici.il i i,v. I . 'U;*iuk.
! IIV' i>! i. ■ «.-t- r
„ Munln l'liadi.
II .in L'.i.
■ I
„ l'h'a-dai-x6.
• Ten suiullvr towns are under tbr JanAuJcUoa vt ibis upttal.
in Southern Laos and Cambodia.
827
A Lid of Cambodian Chief Towns,
dc. — continued.
Name of Town.
Title of GoTernor.
Muang Krang.*
Phya Phuaaldk.
„ Bati.
n
Wongaa Angxit.
„ Phrai Karabat.
rt
Chaijutha.
„ Pottemat.
t»
Utthta Thi B6di.
„ Piem.
n
Rajah Sabtha,
Tbase fire town are under tbe sapremajuria-
dlctton of tbe Pby* UmeraL .
•
Muang Sabuno; Khamoom.f
„ Sambok.
n
Orachune.
n
Naj6k Chantakhram.
„ Sim boom.
n
Montri Chonlabot.
„ Chal8ng.
n
Sena Chdnabot.
„ Kuncbor.
n
Montri JN'Ikhdm.
These nw towns are under the supreme Juris-
diction of H. E. tbe Phya Wang.
Muang Bah PSnGm.f
ft
Tharama DaixO.
„ Phrai Weng.
si
Nam ThiWdi.
„ Ramdooen.
n
Loo Chakkri.
„ Sawai Thiep.
it
Chaijn Song Khram.
,, Picm Xo.
n
ThibSdi Song Khram,
Tbete Ave towns are under tbe supreme Juris-
diction of tbe Phya Kralahome,
Muang PdttTsat.§
n
Songkhalop.
„ Lapeja.
»
Siren thi bSdl.
„ Boriboon.
»»
Sena thi b5dl.
„ Krong.
M
Ritthi Song Khram,
„ Kampong S6m.
W
ThTbet Songkhram,
These Bve towns are under the supreme Juris-
diction of H. E. the i'bya CLAkkrL
Muang Kampot.
«
SenaNichlt
This town b under the supreme jurisdiction of
Phya Tsaaraplnlt.
Muang Samrong Thong.
n
Othai Thlrit.
This town la under the supreme Jurisdiction of
Phya Phi pit TaaariL
Muang Tawe*k.
n
Sen Sena.
This town Is under the supreme Jurisdiction of
Pbya RAk*& TfcsarGr.
Muang Penompein.
it
Rajah Maitrl. '.
This town la under tbe supreme Jurisdiction of
PbyaTkairi.
Sakda Chao Kr6m.
* Four smaller towns are under the jurisdiction of this capital.
+ Pour smaller towns are under the jurisdiction of this capital.
SFour smaller towns are under the jurisdiction of this capital.
Four smaller towns are under the jurisdiction of this capital.
328 I i I UH*J Altitude Sections of Routes East to West
Particulars of the Maps of Cambodia and Cochin Chita
Frrneh Gavnivumt Survrf/orM, with infnrnatirm an to where thty
bo obtained.
Hum Cttfhln-ttiirti* et Cambogn. Carta <iiW*raK RAmi raahW
doc cmvanx execute p M. \a Vict -\miral Charmer rn 18tfl rt M
.1 Bornml .i I-.- Pur MM. Manan, Fidel I nod, Suw-
la Marine, ir urdn i3u I'KmjKtfuur aon-
M I Com o P. d< Biaawloup-Laubai, 8a
EHpoi wdiria! da la Marine go ihos.
Tii I-- bid i'* fi»ur aliccl*. pii'lilil y ii eight alto.
XVI. — Altitude Section* of (he principal Routt* hdmen Ow
l.'uat and Wt*i Coasts of the Province of Canterbury, Xev
Zealand, acrou (fa Soutftern Alps. By Julius BjugT, ru-ix.
F.G.S., F.L.S., da
No better insight into the structure of a country can be offered
to the {A /iM-igniplicr than carefully prepared altituaV
WCtlon% ffrtfffiflrng b various directions, and luffldeotly nume-
rous to afford opportunities for comparison. 1 thought, there-
tore thai in hiving Lin* acrxraipnnying Npctirnw anil maps before
the Society J might thereby contribute a uharu towards the
lu tin knowledge of the structure of this ialaud, which ha* U*ii
again brought so prominently before* tlio public, since the opening
up of the mineral resources at the weat coo«t.
\Vh<*n the nwh to those gold-fields Kgan to assume rocL
unions that thousands of portions started overland from
ni.'i'M mil t!niiti ibmy, and the other neighbouring provfncN»to
tins now ESldoradOj one pan alone won knowi ,
the Hurunui and Teramakau, over winch a bridle-path, cut
through the hiihh ut the worst pWvs, led u> tho west coasU
As this route was considered to be rather nrcuitousv several
parties were sent out by tin* Provincial Government of Can*
1. rlurv to fad it possible other pa**cs near the head--
the YVaimakniiri and Itokaiu. Prom this resulted Lhu dlsjcoi
of Arthur Pius, near the head-water of the Woimak&riri by
Messrs. Arthur and George Dobsou, and of tho so-callod
Itakaia 1*088 by Messrs. Browuing and Griffiths. You arc well
aware that a pass had been discovered previously by myself
tlic hi-iid-watera of Lake Wanaka, feuding Into Open Bay,
aaothor by the late Mr. H. Wbitcombe near tho glacieir-eou
ol 'lit* Ilaknia and Nokitika Kivr*n*. In both thexo esses the
western rivers were followed to the sea-coast; but the discovery
of the latter route resulted in the death of the talented and
1
II
II
acrou the Province of Cantcrbun/% New Zealand. 32!)
Whitcombo, who was drowned at tho
I'- ramakau, when close to a Government depot ut
the K'ivit Grey.
The rout) by Arthur Pass was selected by tho pro v inch
DMT Jia it was not only the must oantnlj bat nUo, h
siduring tLe RUgged character of our Alpine range*, because it
presented ten uU&aaltSai than raj of the others.
Kiiili route had, however, its advocate ifl tttt pttbli-* pn ►-
and iu the legislative assembly, and as there was ih> tinn-
mnkc altitude Bttotiona by astronomical observations, or even
mOfl&fl of tlio dpirit- level, I was instructed by the ProTinQJU
(iouTiiiiiriii to prepare tlitni by barometric ubsomitiou.s. I
already ]>oksojwo<i too necessary material for such a purpose,
which I obtain-'] mm previous journeys between the cost and wratt
coasts by Harper Pass, or the TfnrwVl" and Hurunui rivers,
and bv lluaat Paw, or the Makarora and Haast rivers. 1 started,
therefore, in tin* spring of hut year (October, 18Gfi), famished
with a net of throe good aneroid l»arornctora by ^cgrctti and
/umbra, mid oilier necessary ui&tnnnouU. and look ri nones of
altitude observations by the Waimakariri over Arthur l>a«*j,
<lo\i ii tho Otira and Tcruiuakau rivora to the west cou*t, returning
by tho Hokitiku llivor aud its tributary the Styx llumeo OCXO0
a saddlo at its head, descending into ujo Arahura Bun r, which
brcnfflit mo t" Browning, or the north Releaia Paw. Alter
orowni" t!i [uss, still covt.'1-cd deeply with snow, 1 returned by
tJxo \N iMm-i n n i tud Rohan to Darietohnich, and preparea
inuiiodiait lv aj'ter rny urrivnl the bar altitude ioctnma.
.Since than 1 had au opportunity to visit also Whitoombfl Pass.
uu-1 collected all tho necessary <luta for the tilth section, which I
added to the others, oo as to complete the five routes ftOTOM tho
central ohaJn in this Tiroviint
It will be observed that I have lix< d Upon the highest point
reached by each xoute on crossing tho central chain, u a itarang
point to both coasts, a.s by BO doing not only tho distance of that
Nirticulur point from tlie oust and wt-I OOastfl ::• oloftlfa shown,
t also the comparative lengths of road to be traversed, a* well
na their principal characteristics compared OM with another.
In 1.1 ie table nvi'i'li-af I have given all the principal numerical
l,,THtica ot those different route-, nanicly, their total length,
and the distance from Qui summit of tin- perns ui the eatl mid
the west coasts, which, for comparison, is not without interest.
The shortest route to tho west coast is therefore by the Ilakaia
and Wiluerforee, over Hrowniug Pass, theuce down the Arabura
and Btyi n\- DB to SokitiksL This is only 1©4 miles; whilst tho
longest is that which Starts hom the ' I, near ArowhermH,
and pusses by Lake AVonnka, across iiaast Pass, and measures-
E
330 Hjubt '« Altitude Sections of Routes East to West
226 mill*. But the routes by Arthur mitl Harper Puasea will
always bo preferred by travellers, ua they are wlaom ©batrueusd
by muow, imd are nut subject to avalanches.
Rgiita Mwwn (be Bui wvl VTr»l CW»#
nt the ItDTlrue cl C»otatiurr.'
AKHlldtOt
BOSh et w»
inOmtni
Tout
LMfe
Ui uiilrK
i a|
Cumin tt of
. Ml
l«r«it. ftn
r«>» i.j w*a
BSfeaUS—
HiH.prforco route oy Browning
1*4**.. „ /
w iiuvnmnetroufe by Whltcombf 1
4045
4312
134
1474
1074
SO*
40
Waiuiakarirl ; —
Koule by Arthur Ham .. ..
son
wsj
KM
«n
Ifumimi:—
RouU by Harper Pain ,.
3008
ut;
10S
44
Ww»k»i-
171*
286
in
44
A glance at th« diftVrent HOtioai Bad the procodfag table will
akowatou'-c that the wasterc slopea of the centra] c i.tiu arc by
far th* stcopest, and of comue the shortest. Thus the. section
by Whitcorubt; Paw. which follows the bcdl of the moat im-
portant rivers of each court, namely, the Bakaia on tin
and the BokftUra oo the western slopes of our Alp!*, giro us a
clear insight Into (1m- lull of both river*, and Known llie remarlc-
jiblr- (IiOiTonr.- bi.-twi.eii the l>.n^tb of their coarse* a:i<i
gradients. Thus, whiUl i\n- Rnkuia. which is 85 miles tag, has
• These (lUtonccft hare been nu-uiuivd uo the loan nftli u«l a» tb«y
r» very often o*tt gFoua Much haa«ul) been lactobd i«. it •* almost oc?41««a
say (had tie v arc Only (UrapOroaSflMtfOBti Since 0WM UttlOU wcr»' cnoalnuTted
by me, the road by Arthur I'm*, from Obriatdiurah la Ami noatb ol the \rahor»,
lift* DM* p.i ■ . ■ ■' I.. I mid inr:iMir<il by the Pubtfe Work* DvpftrtmrDL Wllh
Qovlog texaiti—
Altitude of Piuain central chain SOUftA
Total length 141 mil.-t. :k rh«lM.
Length from summit of l'aaato cut coa.it .. M N « G
Length from in turn U of Paw to weal cout .... 47 » 72 „
t Two good aett of obaemtionf, obtained during my l»*t joornet on March 31,
lS66.gtvc a w»mewlint different r.-wlt for thli the hlphcit »v»iUUU* pas* Utfar
pioviucr, naiuvl) 4:5.' fat or 103 ■•■<■■ blghct than the altitude calculated from a
»iiihlr obMrTUkw in NipuiiiIht, ISG5. I tbii<k thai the roull oV>Umrd nt the
l«t<«t data rlairaa more onrr(«]tn<<», for not only had I a donbtl 1*1 of obt«r«mtktt4
taken during fine weather nt the regular boon oltaerwd at i\iv Cnriaunureb
■MMoroloaioal Btatkm, bul I hnd nl*o the iMtvanfagi* of >
eaU'iilatiotift by taking Into account ihc obuTvattotis taken nt the IlnkiiiUj
■ I .[.iiixi i, Vttkfa diil DOl uJgl wlicu I bBU'llol u»ct this p»M ia tbf
tii-£*iuuui£ of last »j>riag.
across the Frovinct of Canterbury, A*u> Zealand. > 1
KtttagO fall of only 39^ feet jwr mile fmm tin; luiniMiv
<» lacier its soureo to tlie sea, lLo Hokitika, 40 miles lone, has
from the Bali GUacier to Ike west const a full of ltM± foot
in the mile. Thin difference is still more remarkaMe if we com-
pare the course of the Wuitaki, which is 117 miles in length
(POO ill- temafad face of the great Tnsmon Shinier (2772 bot),
and is tho longest and lurpst river of our province, with the
opposite Waiau Kivi-r, which isnulv 12 mflm from the tormina]
face of tho Francis Joseph Glacier (708 feet). This givee
23j feet fall fur the eastern, and 57J feet for the western
The latter would hovo of course a much greater fall, considering
the close pioxiiuit) of Hi- ..iiuiiiiit of tin central chain to tho
■■< I ■■!. di ! not tin Francis Joseph Glacier doOOOUd Co «urh a
remarkably low jm.-tition.
A few words of explanation to eai'li fine of woli a fffll not bo
superfluous ha not only will it assist tho examination, but as
there are man)' jM'i'uii.ir phyx'icnl feature-* ia each loiik whlflfa
"■•■tions cannot entirely convoy, and to which I draw
Attention.
Otfra Section. — The road ascends the Canterbury plain* to
near the junction of the Kowoi with tho Waunakariri, hut instead
of Btoauhlg tlmt. tributary Bad following the main riwr (he
tho gorge on the northern tdojxw of the Mount TodoM range,
whirh present! ran many obstacles, i!i< rand osoenda the Kowoi
to tho j' notion >\ the two noia branches, and to brings us to
1'ort.i iV--, wUi.-li arparaiai lite Mount Torlcsw from the
Thirteen. mile-bush range. According to D3J altitude observa-
tions Port©* PifJ ■ bjgnor than Arthur Paea, and thus wo rind
that tlie approaches lead over higher ground than in tho jm!tt
•across tlie central chain itself.
From hen- to Lhe Oniigieburn Saddle we find oarselv/* in a
tt-rtiu:-, \>. ..in. traversed oy several tributarioai of the Waima-
kariri, which descend from the Craigirbum range. This bleak
to of mountains, about 7000 feet high, form > the watershed
'"(■veen the former river mid tin- l.\ikii.i. DeffoeadiDg more
than 700 feet, we retch Luke Peueoo and the gUcisiiced oountrf
of tlio Waimakuriri. whoro tho hills are remarkably roundea,
and lar^rc open iiud*, n"w oovein] le, accumulations
or alluvium, the former Lx.'d o! i ; pottpliocons Wuinia-
kariri (Ham i, are tiaversedj
The read reaches the valley of the Wainttkarfd after croariog
tho Biter Cass, and runs for several miles alone, pel tt
flic? Dutnumiiia Hjnira on it* southern benka. I ifterwards
descends into to c bed, and i tONQS a suceeasion of fan* of
I'Ullirin tributaries till opposite the junction of the Beaky,
332 Ha AflT« Altitude Section* of Routes East to West
where the road leads across tbo main river and follows the
latter, tribulary to Arthur Tftea.
When examining the Alpine passes of this province. I ob-
served that iuvuriably a glu< :icr descended on each aide, going
in a different direction; and although near some of uum
glaciers bore retreated in thu range1, on both *ides, several
iin uaand feet above the present watrrslnd. i --Ik i.i -
nnd remains of lateral moraines, with whicb the surmnndtng
mouulain-sides are covered, allow al 01100 that much IttgM
glaciers existed formerly in UQP V < ilitiea.
These cxt.-n masses have, without doubt, planed the
central chain on both slopes and in opposite direction*, -til;
the n been worn down to its pre BBt foniL 1 'r. Hector
made the Mime observation in the OtegO Alps; mid thus we
observe again how nature, to obtain gigantic ends, uses very
wimple but effectual means tot their accomplishment. The
same remark applies equally to Arthur Pass, where remains of
moraine* going in opposite directions, and tho COUree of the
present stream! by Adah the Bealeg and Otira rivers are
ibrmodi giro additional confirmation to such a tkoory.
I may ban dnw attention to the [a'culia-rlv slight at
the Bealey as compared with that on the Otira aide, which is
characteristic of every portion of our central chain ; altbou;.
this imrtaiir.' we must not lose eight of the fact that the Otira is
a much larger river than the I and that, consequently,
the power to I'vcavjite iu beiuBOpef was so much gre:e
|" Alter a few miles, the u-..r;r. -hke ehnrnctri i.t tho Otira
ehinigi'S and «c eimT;;i' into a large valley, which hss all the
features peculiar to our shingle rivers, and which lends n
the largo open valley of the Teramskau, [nstead of following
that river to ill •riii\. ih«- n-mi '! miles above its month one*
more descouds the low western slopes of tl < ■ ■ ntra] < ham, her©
oanaistKDa of gnat #>hl-driftt reposing without doubt on tertiary
beds, anauescendn again by the Sawoaka Crock into the bed of
the Arahura, bringing as thus to the west const.
Harper Paw, between the head- waters of the liurunui and
Toramakau, i.s the second pas* which from its low position and
eiwy access recommends itself tO ODX LttentfoZL It nas the Only
one iu uao by tin natives of the province, and was therefore
known and traversed I'm* nmiiy year*.
An excellent dray-rood briugB ua to the Waitohi Gorge, where
a bridle-track begins and lends arm** llo* Wuitohi Saddle, lrtf>S
feet high, before we icitch the valley of thu Jlurunui. This
saddle, like that over Portci Pass on the Otira ltoed. could
liavo been avoided by following tho main stream from the
aerm th$ Province <f Canterbury, New Zealand, 333
flurumii Plains; bat as the gorgc-liko character of it* \xxl
would have offered serious Impedimenta, only to bo overcome
by very great outlay, this saddle was preferred as a natural
rood. Kv«n now, when tlio briilhstradl rtaohn the viilley «»f
the iiurunui, it leads along the in [pit us siuVa of the soui
ranges, which up! rvmarknbly bold and rugged, u fir u tlio
junction of the Sovthoco HurunuL
Tlu.'tiiH'k, wlii-ii it reaches the luke rvgioiis, instead of following
the main rlra to Like Simmer, ascends a Ugh shingle terrace
and brings us to Lake Taylnr. which lies 2ol IV' t higher than
the jiriiu-ijiM Ink", mid from which WG dflWOud hy I fllcO < '.'illnr jim>
in OttC Of those remnrkahle. g)ACd( I ■ ■lni-in. li into the bod of the
lliininiii, :i huh- way above its fall into lak»* Sum I- i I'll.-.
bed has, lik" nil our rivers nbovo the Alpine lake*, a vtroight
valley to its source, and in which it meanders b many branches,
! lu notd follows 1 1 * I -=t river-bed, beautifully wooded on botli
side*, to Ac bol of the ptM» and an easy ascent of about
300 net brings um to the summit. like Arthur fu^ i' is on
both npprotjoEot and 00 the mountain sides covered with aub-
alpiue rngfitatloo, whilst (lie Raddle proper is formed \>) -wau\>\
ground with small waterliolos at different levels and with out-
let** iu opposite directions. The descent into tho bed of thi?
Teromnkau is far more rapid Uinu tha ascent by the waters
III. Ilunuiui.
At tlu- <!inm time, the source-branches am far more important,
and form, after having descended 1000 B bt in a few miles, a
ri\cr nracb larger than tin' lluniinii on tho opposite side.. This
wwtnni valley ho« a straight course, nnd can. \- D without a
road and when the iwiter fa not high, be folloned with horses to
fin- M.-t ro.,1 i.v swimming aoTOM at K few l.x'iilities in the
p>rges below the junction oftbe Woimea nhcre the river breaks
through the 1"W tiMiiiuv range*.
Tho Ken '•' ■' . W Hnivming Pais, does not. with
(lie •Ai'riiliuti m| tin- jpnss ilsell, ]h''-i it ;mv M>ri0U8 difficulties.
The rortit f.-llows the Canterbury Plains to the moraine accumu-
lation* bcginiUBg i" ii th* gorge* of tho Imkain, now mostly con-
cealed radar alluvial beds, to "Fighting Hill, when it follows an
old O0UM of the Itakain, across several moraines.
Reaching thi terrace* of the Aehsron, As r\ed descend.'.
:cver:il h indn.d feet to Lhfl I ed Of Owl tributary ■ t tin Kakaio,
.mil ascends again mnsidembb, fill it. uw In S th' moraines
lying above Lake Coleridge. A. desaent of about 100 feet brings
us to the south-eastern comer of that fine sheet of V
the i the lake. In my section I have followed lb
road by tho Lake Kelfe deprewiou, running between low ice worn
334 HaabtV Altitude Secti&u tf Routes E<ut to WeU
hills acrow icvcrol small bribtttaHoB of Lake Colerid^e.aud arte.-
having reached the former lake followed it* out let toti B Harper.
a tributary of the Itofcaia.
Craving t-ii" Harper a few mil'- ulmve it* junction with tin
Wilberforoo, the road amin ascends, en wo* the numerous fens
which unite ihe tainted ice-worn Scott hill* to the main ninro.
and descends above those roohe* mouicmntw into the bed of the
Wilberforco. Hero the rood crosses the strewn, following after-
wards along the baBB of the Cascade BaiiLv nvr l'"<"1 iiim i-
to tho junction of tho Stewart Kiwr, nl.iel. i
branch nf the Wilbvforc*.
Having oraned that river (Stowart)wo travel bya pood track
to the southern ba*e of Browning Pass, which rises about 150tf
feet above id. ri\ i I nmy here observe that I waa obligc-d to
exaggerate the vertical scale in the sections, as it would have
bean frnpoarfble to show the details of these routa ollu rwiea.
Tho stoop slopes forming Browning Pass look, therefore, hi
Una section ibnoel rortioal, and form a striking fool
compared with the other passes, tho slopes of which aro of u
mucti easier gradi-
Having ascended the southern face of Browning Pa**, passed
alonjr th« total] isolated lake situated on ita autaimt.aud crossed
the roe-warn hillsof wliich the summit is farmed, we di*rend by
tho steep northern tJoues into the bed of the A rah urn, which,
above the juurtieli of the I l:n man. is SO Open tlmf the lra\
can advance rapidly by orosflbft and re-erossinp; but imme-
diately above tlmt junction and for severe] DUKa bdon Um
river is confined I perpendicular cliffs, often *>:•«
hundred feet high, whieh with little >n t- continue till
the river r-Jiehes the uesl-enaM plain*. The track, therefor*,
after pessfae tho llanaan Stream, leads along tho eastern
•hobuw of Mount Sale instead "f following the Aratmra
crosses a low saddle (the so-called Wooded Saddle), wbioh In -m ,■
us to tho headwater* of the ttiver Styx, one of the km
branches of the Hukilika. This stream has a remarkably straight
course, and brings us into the west^coast plains.
WhiteomlH! Pas* is another interesting imiw. The road to it.
so far as tho south-eastern end of Lake Coleridge, w tho same
M tin: Wflberferos Koiul: here it diverge* and follow* the bank
of the Uik.ua to above its junction with the Wilberfcuea,
Crossing tho Wilbcrforce near its junction with the Rakaia
proper, the road leads along the slopes of Mount Algidaa to th*
junction of tho Whiteombe, tho river-bed being too swamp]
follow. Having ertMsed tho nfutluns at its junction, the road
continued for about seven miles over a large Hut on tho northern
across the Province of Canterbury* New Zealand. 33$
the r:\<M\ win ro the Btroatu seta against its banlcs, which
rrrtl *t''u d&DK TOgetatimi and i i-i- m-iu l\ [* pen lirnlai h
above the water tor a eunsideruble altitude. Ihe traveller lm^
therefore, to cros* to the southern side, and to follow a grawj
Bat along tli. Lrronvmfth range.
Ha%in^ arrived nt tho point which projects ni > t into the
river-bed fhnn that range, the lad en dng n aSeotod; and
alter travelling tor u few EdQq OTOt shingle-boda, WO roach tho
Ci lion of the NVIiilcombe Paas Stream with the llukaia. From
re the. remarkable opening through (hi 9oulhosn Alps is
clearly defined Following then the valley Qj thi-H true moun-
tain tamnl • rw huge bloeks of rooks and Lhroogh dense Alpine
veget*iii'.'ii. aad eroding several largo IdoaiBI ruthiSf dowD the
steep mountain- bom several ^acieiH, we reach, after having
osconded a drbris wall stretching across tho valley, the summit
of tin* peas, vrhoa tho interesting; phenomenon ojivoglacJen
«>U8 is still visible.
On ftc Bftlt Glacier tho main source of tin: Hirer Hokitilca
roaches itUl b xoaa the valley; and if the Martin's GtacJer, the
mam source of th« Wii ■/.., , )„• IV 41 Stream, wmild uily advance
a Fen hundred yards, tho moraiaea of both, and perhaps the
ice-masses, would meet on the summit of the ]•>--. although
tiding Ed different directions, H ■• imomt towards tiie
weat coast is more rapid, particularly for tho first 400 to 500
foot.
For about tan wBes on the western side tho road follow* the
straight shingle valley of fcb m<r. ffhk&l » I'm wards eiitora the
wooded wrsi-riK^i 1. hi;;. ■*, fanning ji neoaan vgoa, with
rapids a&d vratorMI ■
.lamii LnufiiT. tin snrriving compaairm of the lato Mr. H.
VTUtOOmhe, I (on ramont surveyor, has given u* a fhid ur-.enp-
Ui p of this portion of tho route in a report to the Government,
h. w portly unhnovn to a e, u I BOGendoo the Eokiiilai Rim (b
only :i(.» iinlr, from tho hcu coast.
Haatt Paas. — 'I'here remain* only that pafl to ffhioh my name
has bora green, situated near tho hood cri Lak Wana£a»oud
Which Ufli 10 remarkably low. considering tin* altitude *A the
Alpine ranges on both sides. On the section 1 have shown the
rood I travelled by, which is that generally wed by ttOTi Ilea
in this province. Bj it two puaises of greater elevation than the
principal pas* acroa? tlie central chain havo to bo 'Tosacd,
namely, Rurko Pass, blading from the heiidvvalei* fjf the ()|iiiii
into too Mooki rurio Plains or upper valley of the Waituki. and
thence by Lindis Pass into the valley of the Molyncux. Both
could, of course, be avoided bj lull. ffiing along the valley of that
VM\ Hxxsr's Attitude Sections of Routes East to Wrif
Iatt4jTimju.Tlniit.nvor; but us my object waa fjrfocirjnlly to Aoa
the 8B] ' aw valuo of each route to the p ater-
bury, 1 could not abandon the direct ioad leading to Lake
Wuukft. My *><*tion Know* tho mud which CrOMOt thfflo two
■ .; I.-iidiii;: tliriu-c to Luke Wauaka, and along tlit? shore* of
that lain Th Hmx*. Stewart and Kinnw*« station. From thence
wo proceed by w»Ut (•> tli<: brad -ii' tht: Juki ,
difficulty in travelling iritfc hon
ion of tha i:il;.-. | lu MTitiT being ?aiy rongb in many places*
Fheooe to lUwt Pass ttMToaa follows the valley of the Makaroia
mid its tributaries by a very easy gradient, nrn! tin u falls more
lly for about 10 milea to tie junction of tin Burkti with
I n Hiiiist, uhci : j;i'n Tin- imtund f:i1l lit* [he willoy t-> the -.;»
ntl'i r, .t mi i:ii-|;::l»|j line I r. _•!.'. \/iy bctWOdO the two OOQfltl
in foniH-i iiublicatiuus which T bud the honour Uj lay fcnsota
tho Society, l have do«rilxxl this road at length, so I need give
ra> iiion del. ill- about it now.
On tho Value of BarwnslviQ Ohwvationo? (alum on a rapid
Journey, for calculating AHituiw,
ooe the altitude section eompai itJve diagram-aweta
raeparod, and the ton-- .m,- n- nark* wore written, I ban
the cotnrtea) of Mr. EL Dobaon, the provincial . : ■ n i
Iweseeaion of the ^ result*, obtained vy mi m i r tin apirit-l
be the whole Otira or Arthur Pass Road, which are |h*n*imnlly
of lli I interest to mo, beside* |«je««jiip " nijrli mti
value Not only is there a very perfc t altitude .-< tin oi
Important road thus obtafinadj uniting tho agricultural and p«*-
toral districts of the eastern aide with tho western goldfields,
but it givi.* inn also :■ per) welcome opportunity, to d i ek ray
own baromatrie observations, calculated ox roontns previootlj.
TIk-m.- altitudes, obtained by tho Public Works Hop
may, of coumo, bo relied upon, U tiny have been twiei
• \ml ili< difference was found to be only a few inches*
Mr. Dofaaoa has kindly allowed me to publish theao Sfririt-
levcl altitudes, which I do the more readilv, as it given mean
opportunity to compare them in th< following 'i my
own. obtained with three L'ood imonml barometers, and to whks
i be^ to draw the attention of geOgraphotB; —
337
across lhe Prtyvinca of Guitcrbttn/, New X->i
Tablk oT Altiyitpo of tbff Road trv : »«, acrow tlip lWmr.- .j
Ctnti-i tod, at obtained by the following ob#»rv«<r«.
IttmafQtamllaMh
hkha
■
Aitno-i-^
.ltOK
.i.i.
; i-ii.li,
MA
f-c
f«rt.
917
■ija-im
uiiiir'. Ucomn odttfon Koum
2.1
Suulliern h»sr ufl.Utk' Rjrtf »u ».■ Mill
NO
in
Ucllui'- foconiaodatiao Ro
10«
i Itft'ftl
Southern btok of Uirt-r Kowui
I 414-41
Ctaln ..i W ol i : i v ■ r Kovti
1345
i.vi.; i .'
Kitlilln'« Accommodation Home, foot of 1' i M
r«. J
KM
| •*,■■ qo
30A7-00
I_*k« Lyndou lKigh-»*..i r liii-
Sft4
S7ISOU
1MW H3a'(Hl
bid Of POftSTi wtii-rt' mnl OffOMH
»7C
it 00
Suimoti of Terrace wi its we»tero aide
MTI
»4^l '»"
n\i
.•i -;•<
A ■ .(HmoJailftti II .. |f Mr Ki.y'i Suiiuu'l
■iii4
a<i*i .an
- 1 ..-..■- w—
Tnp ill r.-rni..- v( RnfeUI Kiv«T, Uftttlfl \u\- ..
Mta
■jvi COO
i 00
Top of Terrace on it» ve»ici n 4dt
. o .
mo
J750 00
ft) i
| I-IHI
Tup of ( ni^'iobulfi Kailtllo
1619*00
aoi3-oa
|B7« 187* 00
Saddle between Caw and WlftBtluirill iflnldoeyl
IWil of WalniRkirlrl, between the two cutting* ..
IBM
IBM- 0
L8B3
UOft'00
J-'«>iiil*' rn foot o( Arthur Pn« (Smith*! Cnro|>
1044*00
2155
11«0- '
S0S4
• 10
So»
•
■!/•.
Summit cifmonuuc
IBM
SMJO
KM
■-•00
Jui.ctluu of l*u bruuehc* of <Uir* ui'ar '.Li fttOClc*
y*rd
h*<*l of Tt'ranuikaii "<'*r junction of the On™,
1410
1460*00
m
Ml'00
where the mail Joiiu ilir iii.nn rm-r
icru tank of Uivcr Taipo, Dear Juuutiou of
36G
I66*0Q
Wdititm. wboro lUu roud Iett*ej llie Teimnuliou
He
i i*ao
191
199*00
647
woo
Met in rtock'a >i m. Mti Kswbala Crwk .. ..
•111!
Junction of Kawhaka with Aruhur»
US H>4'WJ
• In my report OiU poaition wnn ermncourlr r
«en, which" it th* true iltitod* or Mr Y'.nj » ho
nra i« 9548 feot ohnr^ •
inrftiead. wliirh lie* flow to the
accoouDodttlOD honae.
t Without iloubi oil vnor in tlw rcmlii ■■■
he dwirtlww on i»U» *idci
taken an hour U -focc and afterwards agree KIJ
li-cly mill tlit *r/mvW*c«k.
YOU xxxvn.
L
['.u:ns on tk* Subterranean Water- wpply
It win I"- m a from thtae tablet that my alii • "P*
■ 'li.rii. To 1 I
of t In- .ilt:i.v.|,!i,'iv ;il the in 'I'-niiil-i '} ,ii Rtfl r lot*
. and ui tli.- lame time on or near I of the
Itta&ea iu ill" interiaii mag bare bad eozae inflai i i on I
i u.\ in iMin i. . not to speak of minor index en
The initio shorn tlnu unco more com< although
m;itJu'in:tti'-iil oorrectni m cannot bo claimed for altitude* ralm-
I -I I ikon barometric observations, thej on nov« ^hV
i-iriiiiv accurate for all ■ '• purpose Andc1
must rejoki tlint oron Bonglo ofaserval Uy tak«,
u i ii;iiiuaic ?alua than ia gencralh
1 mi nil aid that thoM tow observations will not boofsufll-
Interest to wananl my la-yin- th< m u i
rrci'ivi'xsiirli va!ii:ihlr and instructive } >:t 1 1 * :l iKirlx i* \\k
i ; Imt uiy dr.-.m- to moke BOOgrophl IB m'<]Uiiiuted nithsuBM
of i,r.- remits obtained l&tel) b\ toe wrh uquiriug bit
fl • tion of this V" antiftil island will,
tru»t, Ik: bu&j on lor iuv having don
Ghrkkftunh, Ihombtr 27, 11*30.
XVII.— On ffc SU • '/" HWsr »*•»
Ad UiU .;, L W.
Esq., r.i:., ru <..:?., late of U.M. liomboy V i
Department
II v\ im; resided the greater portion of ti I ww 18
Bind, irhoro, Iron I \c icarnty of n in, wit r, in 1 .i»«>to all
running vat r. i- iii' " ^iiinriiiiMi bonuni * of tin kndwhen
it* economical application t . irrigational purpos* - • *1 tfc«
nature cA my duties on the Slufi'iil Coloiml ftli»*i» < 'upl li ■
oar greet bydzaolio engineer, I bad long entertained U
thai subterranean water • xi rtc I in i ertoin localitii i in Ui
capable of overflowing through art iian boringfl if I
made, and in IXoW; I drterminrd, liftci i critical eaunii
of tin- Mils bordering Bind, to give tliii modi of obtaining v
u trial.
The place seloetrri f«»r m\ lalnnir» w,m distant iboul 8
portb-eaBt of I nd I hud the «iti i -otw
•v*.. k*' labour of pii rang the first water-bearing stratum, «bm
lhi' r iter roahed up iuid uvcrflowud the »a
without intenowBoni to Bow to
The "liter Ea i.f a Uimpernturci of K.V, nnd iw llu- Ktralatn fn
trfaicfa it id fouud its u Banna uluminoun ihul .
in Btloochistan cud Weittrn Stad IIMitidricfs.
330
IhrOQgll tbO !'Ull:r, slight 'it lit (i
time useful foi irrigation; i although not iudi as would li"
.■;.'<! for household poi ; and tho i
oil tiiin work Qflftd DO other fot t\\< I\. nu nllis.
t od ths luge rorinffl in th hiOi prooi «ie num-
inulitii" formation which Koran the back boo* of the EUa n ogci
itnil ur.i hnn'kisli. Spring I' - - - 1 ■ ** nil) ixvnr in \\i>* M.-lt'^imo
locality !i- tho bop deep watod apri i the Qiunntulrticv
bat in a Jiiucli more recent formation. I apprehend thai where*
•\ r tho superior aluminous shales yMil, as iu the cos© of my
borings; a oontinnom ilow of water, wo may reasonably
oa a larger and purer yield if the borings are cautioned to tin*
bwoz tertiary strata.
AlLh<ni»h I lmvi« Mn-.-r'ivlid. n< mrntioi - ■•!. In getting B GOBI-
tixmous Bow of watar, and that at ;< hie -t bo
Entered thnt thia bj the only proof of ita existence. Within
1 miks of these borings oo eithoc ride are natural springs, viz.,
two mi the north red a1 Muggui Pur, aggregating « disci...
nt' i so,ihx> bullous in the twenty-ftmi noun, ftth a temperature
of l'J'i and D8° respectively, and another south-west ut W&pda
discharging ousHflftli ol thai Quantity,
In another part of the buk within 10 mi of Kunehee
then •■in- track of numj square auks in extent covered
travertine, oontainuig recant fresh-water thells, and from 10 to
19 inches in Ihiefau --. thos showing indisputably the flow of
apring-wator chnrood whh bicarbonate of lime Cora very long
period. At Pur Bhai tehwan, la a rcnaarkal b
discharging one and a half million gallons nei day, ovei a pn
'J. ii foot hijjh. Indeed the wholo ofthii portion ofthe
hflki foa a breadth of 100 miles bom Knrreohee to Kin-I.it end
th«' r.odian I'ajy;,* contain number o( springs and
mimII vrciiin.s th, it Et in imjuw.-iMi il tli<*xn. BflU
these 8Te used up in irrigation and a '•'ill greater number,
Bowing from one Co ton milcfc dkappoar is the load, 1 1 ft h off
■ ioH of th" limestone [n \v 1 1 i« - 1 1 thej
Eiss, to np|*w again, »l-»til*ll*.-- , in plrnr- ut n ln»w-r h-wl, w!j> ro
ults brio * tbe water to the ubA
In proof that those springn, and eonseqat aatty the &oau
water generally, deriro thcu bead of water, aid therefore their
first source, from some spot far removed from il i ir immediate
locality, 1 ahouH mention thai most of than nt tboir point od
issue overtfai til thi ground are trura 60 to 800 feet
the \ alleys in their own n&medtati parallel. Rra
moo, the aping it Hnggoi I'm* Sowi to an dorataon of
Vklc Muuuu'i " Tout in . -
Main- Other sections would grre somowhui rim lai I ilt*.
>Vith tLi< evUonoi oi the pnwence of Mitacrraaean waioi
«n> Ixinml riol to stop in our inquiries, aim
qux^ti n. ffb n is 'ir-wwce?
In dealing srlth tlila question wo start witli tl»<- absolute
uinty tliat nil. i, ■., voter is found inland, «li < ■■■ r iti ih<
<>!' springs orriruii w I ml nm origin, namely, tho su
form of mm tad mow.
K U u:i is h.ilr i. i'rcnusosom* larg*' |-^»n : t-M aoooi
ju-st Jn-vurni tlw Iropioi oonUini nut deserts, and bas no riven
in fleloothtitan and Western Sintl HilUltsttUtt. 34 1
draining tovrardi the ocean, that thafe is literally no rainfall;
ImU it is ft mistake; oven Kind, which is spoken of often as l< i« n_-
daatiUita of ruin, spanned i i :u iif'ull of 40 Inobefl In earns p
within throe month* 1 r, and KTongOfl I believe four
inches poi annum. Bui if v/o slenoQ si a map of ane* n*e
objorvo between ill" eastern born Fenda and the western
iM.innlarv of the Sind and l'unjuub valleys a traet of OOCTfiiry
330,000 i miloa ts extant, with u tnormom im of monn-
i #000 to 12.000 feet above sea-level, and, as 1'ot-
tinger rwmnrlw, "anbjed to dmitj lulls of bom ; showery in tins
» itli- >>i September and Oetotor, and (he whole of the cold
season (m., from tfavotfl « I i BuBfih indnstre), nioro or loss
so: bo that four or fir* draatUou peae without efthet do
rain. Evi in and LuV he poeaou t<> hnvr their
wet eaaearj Id February and Bfetcb, and alao Jono^July, and
pert of Anguet,"
I have mi dcmlii ilni tiusc ivinitrks refer eapedall) to
nxrantainoai tracts of Afghanistan and Bidooehutun. and not to
the id-.ri i portions of S-iMnn to tli" ■>»■ -t. iiini -<>nr<i-v,.-»t.
.11 ^ obtained iccasi to aaj mataorologlGal registers of
this region, and therefta end&av/oux to attire at ximu-
1 1 f) i.t "tin.' :i»- .■i'.ill liy -i'h i l.irjiii- I'^iir tin- [uitjKKi'fl
of this paper 1 think I run too* anfl riant a pfibri evi I m
derabla reJnM] h the rnonntoinons parte of bheae ooanl
and thai ootuo^inntly thero mo«t, a** is 6 fa evcrj
itry in the world onder similar oircmmstanfl -. bt i coj
table anbi ilable in that trad lying lo (ha
- d'Iia. rd of the 80th degree of lotitnd* .
A« regards in'1 enbtama m ropplj In tha hflla bom Knr-
raohee north to Kh.-i.it, l an of opni>m tlmt, if no other news-
anry ware available, fths proximity of EDielat to KurraoheOi rib,
:'" • mik-a, it* po-ition with regard to ■;"■ ol tlm 0* natty,
li is north and south. .. i i rl i being ti ■■minus of
en elevated range of mountains* from 6000 to 12,000 fbot above
.li. culminating ha tin- groat lateral range of the Hindoo
KiinIi. run u in tt <• 1-1 and v. • I I p »r1 ioiin of which are roveivd w ith
|M.r|K'titid snow i. J on that this range nJonc, on tho
elevated porta afwhkli enow liea Gar many parta of the year,
jut; t be HD - norniooj souree of 8nbt*ir:tii<
lorninc to the map, ve obaeiro all die rainfall of the n
.•.in). r: ■: v liiin :i line from Khehit through QhuZBea OQ the
- nat, Iha 80tfc di jroe of latitude on the i onto, the Stttfc di
i! liiiiiul. mi the north, and tin- longilmle of t;L' on I ho «« -I.
.iiliiiiniitiii^ to "in polnl viz.. the ljd;e Hamrton, i r, u it is
knowii ii.-.m.-i ipban the^Ara Pains," a hydrMnrapJiioal basin
equal in to thut of the great River £upnr&teej |ja.|
B tfffl '■" the Subterranean Water*w\
'■i)0 geographic i ! mill .. lik tho fthe Bdmand ami its
tributaries, an sou of rrmr^hes.
Heel tniv. i!. i in assigni (n« ma oi I
(taring the period oftrw meltinu nr Llwj mows lo b To milm
looa bj i or, in round number*, say
1000 -. whilst Pottinj ' th*t
it* ordinary dimansJoas uro 30 by 12, or gay 350 sounre tuita
This, I belie v» v.iil, m.til it ■! Urn further invest**
gated, onablo us to rougWy estimate by analogy Uw uv«mge
fail "i 'In- vol
In 8 &n intent [fann found ponds to lone one inch
In dap <iiem from Auaiflt to January, and hikea in tit*
. Desert lo lose half an in h pei diem until (key -hvreaae
tuefa En doptfc i their eqi I
from springs.
In Calcutta (n humid nlmutti i 15 fad j>i-r annum i
amount pn regiatry, i h j u d
whilst a1 Greenwich 5 feel u allowed -ilwy *2fi i I in
ii : 1 1 of d ■ luring tho tbs; and
although it i- | • :" i ulj supposed thai cvapon ii m \b
ul \y \tm "ver largo area* than Minnll ours, still tlirw rrgu
to evaporation aura and simple, and do not indue
portion dm lo poreotation Thw lake bed as being
nowbofl don Caofl ;i lo i foot m depth, nml
reeds. Captain Cbtioll] says dial for fanr months in tha yr*r,
daring tht? Bummer M.Utw-e, HvuiKirntiou ni»M Lo cxeessire, from
tin . ;i i-y the ; i prevalent in that season;
indeed »vin*i, bi Major Bawlhuon nubrma us, the rammer heat
to bl20°, and tho temperature of running wm
itiwiiiri1 HU", we iiiijhI hwuUiio fur i'Vii[Mirntion, vi-ur'-t.it n m, and
pefoolotian, d four summer months, when wo know no
don oho ponribly full, at least one inch per diem, and for tho
i tl i r eigSt moiiili- 1* t ue nasuruo the loss tYoro those causes n-tt
in quarter of .in im-li jut iliem ; it will llicn bo P
thak although this allows for t* discharge from all din r
oomuined of 1/513*838* cubic feet per minute during tlio foor
months wlicn tnaw is melting, and ! J 1.1 tit; f imbiRfntf isv/nii
during tl»o other eight months (tha discharge <>i th ESnpbnttOS
being estimated at li.^H.Hi'i rnbic foi i ly diim I
the estimated discharge of the Heliwuiid mid thcVthor ri
fit rring into Luke llumoon) it only represents 1<M itnli. on t
little tstta nn average of one Inch on rainfall per annum.
Now we have- a perfect right to assume that this <|uantity oi
• I ' - 1 - 1 1 1 " to Mtiieli riven »% the Tliamw, : ' .v;i.n<-.
J to sj nwfa ritwi ** Um ThaiM ia iosumt far*
in BcttwhiAf'in tttul H'eMtm EM £/WWlV
Ma
inch norunmim U at least only onO-thitd ofthe fcftJMgt
i. ill • aid jjivc u Q t. t..i average rainfall of 1 h
imriui'i mmt lh. Dili il tiii> 'j.j.jrni]»!ii vil btslnj am i ■■■■ know
thai in fln rv country in the world a portion of tho rninUJ! (eeti-
d rarioash j'i e4hird to one-twelfth i |«-ivT»!;it4> mi>l h
by iii.- icdJ iiikI tin! permeable itrate, fend that tin*
whole 'f t V- bun is ehyrated unci) a-U»- th<- lcnnd
linn according to tradition the Helmnnd t'-rm.-Hy due
itself into lie- Indian Ui-.m, tin k ii room (bra strong infor-
BttcM in in v npi u inn thai a vast body of water is ai u the
whole "t that region bctwoontho 80th parallel of latitude and
the n a. It. i,". recorded l'\ navigators that large Bpriiiga "i
;• burnt up through iin.' Hru in tin iH-'i^hihinrh ■ "i ot rn|M»
Oamuf theaami thing bee been, ob Gap M. e •< ; and
1 doubt i" ' ii attentiou were failed tl wni i>li«*-
•# "uM be observed in other porta of tb
tfioa of i In- pari i* undoubtedly Eertiar od the stratiftca»
Uonoftho bull when not horisontaJ audioes either to
tlu Baetward ot southward. It "ill be recollected that undat
wliut »-iiiiil;ii - tin- Kn pieen a few years
bare brooghl ■ i n uual flow of wat» r in faianj porta of
tli<- Al.'iii i;i ] leeett.
I r E Ii it nBoeesaifi is order to attempt to
ooarej at) idaaa and information on Una wrj bttereeting nib-
j'rt, in lutvr l>cen led tm • .:ti. h a Lengthy pa| H^r» and should it
bare i" battel efleel than to ■ and attention '<»
I i shall CQneiderlhe labonrlhavebealovedamplj
icpui' 1.
XV I II. — Nule* on the Pangonf Lak- %f L(nfaKh,from n
Journal made during a Svray fa 180& By Oftpt H- H.
' ;.u»wiN-Ai:sTEvP r.BAA, Topogi upU al Bartey.
'. DeeaahKt u>. iaaa.
To tho north of tin- Iwlux, from its junction with the Pn«
■ u high range oi nonntain thai "'i"-;
ili.-Li, hi* i in* siiiiyol* or tfftbra EuTur. The axk
and great tnaai of thii range hi graadtiej on the weal tin.-
tun a vitv short distance of the tiYer, while ai
1'iink baton I-'*''- 'I''' graoitie hill on which thai large and wall-
known monfiatgiTj etnnda abata on tlu Cndni Ad thence
tiiu-iiivK tli ■ . : for. -" oonmdarab] tance it holds thenanu
position. I !■■..■.. i on if co I '"'!' • f
and riiiiLrlnniiTiii. s M'l'n on the ri*_'lii banh of the Indoaj n-^tof
: ii i. . . :, r. n ..t. tin- \r\; or onl i bank, tl i ac i to the
344 Godwin*-.
line Pangong Laic Dittricty Ladakh*
in tin direction of Stock *w\ Himk On
\>am* leading into the Shnvuk Viilky, oil of
f; .11 :!n ilirri-t roiul tram L-li to flu* Pangaag
nk< I nad the m Kay Lb,"
high, J 17,170 «ml i8»2o4
■
Tin: '--Mir to tin gradual bona lie \ illa^o of Tagar ia
Tli ■ I li;iiir:i;. Viillrty which tlirtv 'livid.-- ■ largO rafi
ill.- in \- not branch leading to the Wan Lb, while the eastern
;,|i in the ' Bra passes above inenti <1. I
when our pjirt. y <-ros).od \\v L'Lnn,* I.u. tli tod fallen
in tin- aai i die month atul laj . vre ..II iu >r«or
Ion from tin- effects of the rarificd air. On thi return joe
vU tin- Eaj Li. 8< 0 fe< i highi r, scan ely a man fn>tu
this oaosa* <w bad then bw»n living for boitih ti
which ro*y probably bod ool a little to say to
anitj bom Hi and headac! Qtlervd at
i -:. Mitlona Cho Mountains on the nortl uo jM-rfi
growing uuly along (lie buttons
ii whole way U
■ ry id ool J I save for its l.u: . . .
.•:■!: ■ HllL't; lif I iir»U, OIIC i'H|.r"^ uUt Of till
ow valley upon the lovol surface »f o
itiulutiotis of alluvial lands and shingle .. oug the
large valloya of these mountains. 'I lalao-
I'limiihit'U ili- ns.itriiaU that fciiin i i--in Linct, a v
■ "<•<--< attending their i t, and, m<
tin ir Bub.ii.qii(-iit il Hi- t>* yi Lnt littiV iiudenl i
At tins ROOl the \ in" J"- <s won well «-\
level of lac plot) an on which 1 utood couM I" tr.i
VtUej in Uld mit of it-- iiinnmiiH riivifU'M in n perfcctly
sontal line of a different colour, where very email port*
..ilnviinii still adhered to the slopes and precipio nd 1 do
not think I an i x » [genuine when I state that it* tl ickai
i 'i f Tnu streams below IJurgu was ovei 1600 to
Kent The wholn imlliiy is wry niwn — low clirTu of all
Bands and olay-: eon be traced the wholo distance side*
— and it is 0eJf*6Y]di lit that nt no \eiy distant pfiktd thin prr-
a Dted a long reach of wausr; an alter sojourn on th<
bUr confirmed ll
From Dtego to Tanks! i* a distan i3es, and the road
qmu I rel I'll.- h ma is considerable, and contains a
kind of lUIi, of which I saw iiiihiIht* ;*i tin
Uoontahu rise to a grcal height on citfai :it
south** n end of the vallev. towering above Tanleife, ia m. tine
snowy peak, e&lle I Tanl No. l. The • ... ■
»r>vrrx-Al*STEN on »tg Lake District, Ltulakh. &45
. (air area atnln cultivation. - lit
srel uilt cIom nnder alt i n t. , thi
<• ■•mi -lit cii in it, iiinl tii litis oatUM ir mii-i nwe its
it ■•:■ i' tii- Mio.irh ri|* thfl narrow gOVgO DM
uf wl ii-L tin .-"!': Ik lis liuvci I)
The m:iii. vtroam oomoi bom the lovthwud, ad drafcu iho
Valley and the taoontoini on tli<- north of the
Inline River, ft; is joined at fa kebbyfthc noall stream that
drail] lie I I bo VOOd t<> tii mi: ; r In :
is at fir-t rather irnxt In and confined b] ill" mnnntahwi that
fi^* b b eftbei brand) bofl wfc i h takec the n ■
Mdterlv tin Son i ■ ■ > bly; bigfa I the
aUavial shingly deposits again occur, for bi It m to I of
in iMiii.H-;- 1 1' . : tn ni -, about 800 E end «omo
100 yards distant from fcha stream The physical appeal
Of til.! wl.,,1. , ilil:; V:,ii- ]
ita bating al one period bean the l*<»i of a Ink •. I an induced
to think lbs a pin of that time h i 1 1 » * •
[cm l ."I.. ' . and that tfcu Da i above I Ntago
wn* ooatafl with thai above Lbovt tin* two
Jake* I ii Bur Teoi lb a i.- no bngor any water in the
bed mi the stream I interval* bora and there', whara it
break* out in a mall nil to lose [tsaU En the Looee gravel i
vardfl lower down Ovw distances of more than * mila [I u
deep white send, ti. bieh Ii * good deal daa to
tho rind Down to this land the tolas from the m
extends, landing gvi ry year ofloval. At
thi low paaa i eh, vhi ooa one obtains the first view of
the l Lake, this action m aowhera so well awn
Suit ii.u forma thfl water bed i ire the natural
Qw the waters of the great lab , and it ia entire]] fanned bj the
igh brought down » eoaiewhal largo lateral n
from tin -n-iuv pi an m thi waft. Thin bed of tains aotaelly
tward, pari to Qm west, so that the a -
blon one way* In oihora another. Jt the
snpplj of water tit the Pau aka ware equal ;■• .>' .
must I • boon, v were doul le ;
nt nzo, the conlamal 1 1 ■ - * -- would soon carrj
ituralatio S utokh ;
■ . «: Is ai tion for uhts p dows
inter iiml the waters "• th rid • ravini b t'*i"i to raise the
The Pengung Tm (Lute) i* aboot 3j D>0ai distant from the
low ridge of tie Snrtokfa La, or, more r"]"''1: • '
ii.itiu.il i«it in- iiinitl, in. i ili<- (erel orf ■ J I I I ■oed ext
up t^- rery short (list*i»»-o of the paaa A rise of IM
OTB-&BXE* on &C Po$0*$Lak DiMrict, LadMu
feel in tho waters of tho pr dd find tlvctu again
D tin: rallay toTail- *' tri^mi-ini t* i :1
close t" tin- «uicr'- ta height hat been determin
m m tricattv to be I :: WJ feel above tin
mark-^toooe Baa rim i ■ i, -J i (,r i rated
ishn-ti: i water id obtained. Ita colour is of an
ratanee Whir, |£e water as clear 88 crystal, bul far \i*t salit
bo <ir j there VM qoiU I ;• KM in (he air ne tl»e
Wind !• > .I :(. Jvm»!^ nini |- ;iks were seen I f % n nt i naik
Ota ipua that desjceaitlid from tin- rangcn \ il*t*
northern thorce. Prorathi height at which one stood Umbo all
appeared com] lowt only on the highest lay n few MmaJl
pateh< h loo to then I' i
shades of yellow*. purpW rvik uml biowi^ tin avoriable
of Tibet, rap it fjreen.
Tli- I . i « Dg Bill Sum? Station M n short eaffJT ptlll
►1 above ri i lake obtain!) _■ b dmsI mmnwi
. Mj Dund down " ton th spur i north thigh up
among the mow) peak* to the houi.1i, where
shtnr arjOTe tho mnsnon of tho old morain< mm) down
t<> the lend of tho lake* Little streams B< w down thee* •
silver threads, from the ends of
I-' themselves in the £]< aid sanifa tli.it ikirt tin
of tho luko. tbi oa j the most ronsiderablc of these *tti
m i \it ta its watorK Bach fa the ono that Uow* thr*
tin- lilllr IMJR* »if Mti:i; it rnW'J 11 niw- til llir
three ;rl u'i-mv. uniting; r-otxie distance above tfafl VlllagJ . Hi*
,-ili. broaghl down by m«l a minin1
arm of *h allow water running out Into tho lako. In the eouru
of a coiivwsatif.il '-m: l th< coolies and: Hun,] learnt that,
(bur marches on, tin' lakn narrowed to a n
hi which ma fordablCi and that i1 >1 ueotafinry to
follow tli** northern -ii-ir.-. On the 22nd July n
over tho sand j plain* skirting the shorn ol -*on£»
^ hen sections are well disularai
of foraor and higher levels of it* waters, in i tined
with an angular nibble like that di
At about -s miles IVom Uuo, tlie straggling vill .
uk Is passed on th righl band, anfl i i 1.x ;■
i|^t-4»8 miles ftrrt£er ITie level v\ <l \xA
. i tllO foot of tin- i
■ mil tin- stream from i !hushal y.
adistani Bigns of Ita proximity; and I waam
aning sndoknly upon a fine oo<l} of water, liowi i
through a oarrou Ult ol preen j*ra.»,soL*i ■ )n i
-•I" tho plain, rinding \>U uwi a
IDWIK-AUSTKN on Ai Fmgag Lafo Dutrict, Latlahh. 347
tiu •• green iheltered spot under the book, I pi np I j the
rl (. nl it.
The i'\fi nt of level ground hen I in
iqui) tnili iotl id i rev in the riehutji al Um Bttei ■ eitb n
I v, Hi v ooftae gna in
tul'N, 'I'liu.-n.'s tli ol (in liftko ii-' tWO Very ©OOJpicUOCfl
isolated low rocky knobs, o mils apart and between those ii bho
confluenee of the Choanal stream and ihe Panconp Tao The
next morning I walki I :mtoss anil aso ido
eminence baring be rang aounriim: huiih' nf Tuj'pi Nn
This had fcnnatl] b oafottUtedpoetj the level spi i top
was enclosed by a m ched ontwoxtt
b i bojJt on the low wax thai r; *i oat "ti Tin- ewl rid
"t my -I . .. ,\ bo w i' nil bom fchifl dU
Jive m 1 1 \- eeeDmri ni" it. (i lo v.i I- n 03 bj irhan i it had l«'<:i bnflt.
t mtUl bu '■'.tiijuirutiv. I> it i um ; r ni<
DOW WOn . »«'ii'li mi- n, .:; ■ iii. i . Iir only
160 tO 200 ye*!* It v. nn- morning. iiikI, bi i
i 1 n. :w\ work from tiii^ position, it ca ■ rain
i m :.i ..u! on the I--!'. Em ihovax psaaed off up
Utd it bt I -i tin ofl ' I "ii lli. *. i' IP in that <lii" ti'Ui.
uitli the lines of felling nun
misty ii. i ii,i .in ; bounding " tides- '/ho stele of tho plain,
J \^ il)i | l,i..| it | i.t litii-'
uii'l s ^ilt thai iiihI t 1 1n- ■■!■:. lu I no1
i inn il Into ■: .-ti 1;;. lOMBj lit... 1 tO tin- boots i« blip!
lamps end remained Ub i ft i en1 anon
■ t tritbi '>ii, '-ni ;( li.iil' mil.- I- \< ■i.'l 1 1 1 tr _; ' i Nn-.;.:u low
spare aba tl apan A L50 I i 200 feel J ti^I) . and
iii- way leads along blu narrow aborc nt their foot roe very
deep water mailing the bank. Pawing one large baj
round ''i ;■ kwi nam w point of ben I And tb ■
nothor boy, called Phursook; thi taderybw
tweenthe Kashmir Rajah's territory and the Chinese district
«'i Bodokhi
Phnraoob formed a circular, sheltered little lake fn EtaelC A
H? strait oulj connects il frith the water outBide, it w*g
- depth in places where the hHIe name dowi
cliffi upon h ; anatron beach ran alcHU the fix
of talae cemented bj G Ihe teds perfect barb
deh a line-o&bettla dtfai mighl hwi Boat I andaaili
•nt Of it Wi re Ibi* Liki in ii 1< .!■ n, or OB I
line of how aserul would thn wol ir-roi iiiiuuiral ion provti
i down uY extant of its two long \- rtiona 1 1
liiu.T lake a KJ miles in length, the - <im
■■ ■ • i ' ■■ I ■ ■ . '■■
348 Goi*viN--At:sTEN on the Paagowj Labs Ditirict, Ladakh.
Xvul.. in i< L8mil< i bag that mtwt strike
anj oae of obi is the ei i - 1 'no ol this
fonnflrl] boob br Iti entire length. Myriads crt ■
water aoollfl doh strefl (hi ihore, I'd - *, thrown P]
i:i .i Umg will
p m liundfula. The]
■ ; lnji-. (1 i.'li I m':iii-Ih ii •!'"■
•••Aw large bivalve* only i>n<» v«rn nmull I that
■.:.'■! 'lid I CTCr
(in I .. which I had hoped '»• do in Inn ntipiY
water > i Is bru< kinh. Wl
..Jirii- existed, the i
! in ii nu:
n i im! of bnaaa nolluaua, beds uf vmUT-f>Li]
inld have bfl in probablj H and ru>
Thorn Ifl a joint iii the buttory of the
*>o baseda gr>><! deal oi theorj as to its >*\>\ \
ih. Ibnaer d» Cent of H rystfomnua-
rakahk trw*iN tlmi ill.* Icvi-1 whs miu.-Ii i!m»« tin n
aro BOOB Lb the lim of old beaches an<l i D the hod* of i
containing the fix-wil remain* of i'n*li-«nUT ■dii-ll-* i
with l« <- of ;: . which, as I mention'-- ••, nro
to bo seen in ill-- little iii v ravine* that cut thraii I »in.
Thaae leetfom w w gnat than and also, 1 think, that
t Of, tlkO
piftl period in thn If iirmluviui. Whether tin
oat ol tii i m in which lu - *oiul
iotioo Brsi inM.iti'T. nhen (hie bi h region wan, m i*
rno I prohibit . do -i-iy overlaid by ;< > .« hmxtu
qneatkrn, and one niglilt pi col. From the alternatioa
of tin badb of A bru ana finer dej»o*it« v. i mn inl r tint ■
i i a mOdot and dim
back io ooldi i and drier : during the Bret, bed* would hare heen
Iran | 01 1 >utd lum
ii ;m!> further out into the lake, while at tow
same time tin- level of the water* would naturally lmva been
much higher, [ta waters must ncrnllv hai much
silt ai in suspension to f« i boll-bed
tioac*i. At (bo )"■ lent ilu\ im <i<
nhic.'. iare p tl apa near the debouchement of the Choanal
the •flrtfOlne w-Nt-ti ivii ii::iri- ■ .
\ < boar inspection* with Home levelling w mid, i think, «r*me-
what oleai np the mystery attached to the huge iih--
rial deposit* teen in the valleys of all the gtri
we ttem tliinal lyas, from theChai ' U-h toS
in tha Vailoyof Knrgyl and Valley of JJraa, an<l ou bo!
iGDwnr-Awtffl mf&a Pa UUriof, fcadiW. 349
mi, rod I ' j SienaM riw a GMwj i greater
rainfall i'i the PaDgonfi district ana ■•< [over iuow-line\ now
i.hki t -.-t, :.-! i tin' ravines would be boot mtb 8m
runnio u un them, and, allowing time, irould i al through
tin- Imrrioi at the BtntoUl 1 -n, and I'Vi.ntuiillv limvn rl mugli the
wlinlr l.[,_'tli of tin- alluvial di'jKwita ill tin:* In!- tin
reuey and i[-- tributariea then drained would resemble
noel c ' hingta and songi
depoaiia boh aeon ;it IVuikafc and on tin- ibovo-muDad di
Theee depoeitB ut Oti? would bo Bonewhal bigb< ir, rad would
Gorer d gratei area from the junction of tii-- gr«M tribal
tli":-.- \s ;i I »ii.n if tluit ill*- v,.itL»r* of tho Paucong Lata m
farmer tiuM Bat* (alien below Eta preaenl Loral, I may
that on a long point of land En Ik little Bay of Phftraook, in
il""p, V"ry "Irjir water, I L»ukcd iImhi* u { •• 11 i !< rrii< ■-;' 1" !"••■" 1
below the ■ l> inminntad in a cliff, where the at
li'Mti.in nt' tli" sand and "l.iv eouM Ik- well *<•< n ; tin- bottom iraa
not visible beyond :iii*. and it wo* too fa dq1 to a tabli i
with my | leana, to sound the depth. 'I'll" o&h I- a
to make from such comparatively roeent change* 18. that tli-
l.-v.-l of i: Ih.mi ;i!i mating with moist and dry
periods of ti:ni\ tin- tow procoaa of which may i>"
going "i dmori imperceptibly t<> man. The water of the
. il"[K-ri<liiipT us it doOSj nmiuly DO UM WBQtOt BOW,
I ask, may not the mowUl in thia pail ol the Himalayas bo
iinir-li leaa now tbaa formerly, and the coast:
n period of diminishing fain? Blow Batmen oru iy ii",
iln-\ :uv liy iui ijkmii*- Miprobabli en i ipoasible Prom ill"
mountain-spurs ba oocbed » do* lo the brand i»cd of
the K_\;nii go Tragger, lin* abet nee of water, and ii. hai mg alna
taken a ben& we bad been led to imagine its ooum ben -ud«d;
but tfaia pre van both of na tnuob nixpriaod to Sad waa not the
COKyfbc we Don beheld ahead of us an enormous grav«l-cov<
valley, stretching away to tb< Coot ofmountoiasal least 18 a la
further to the eastward. This open Tallej had themoal peculiar
ni) I had yet >i in, but partook ia its dry gram Uj bed
a good deal of the nature of those vuHeya I baaeeon between
Pal and tli" bjuns Ganj La; Eti Bleraoon waa about 16,400
i it. and .t ! bn adto in andoat part About 2 mileetthi lidga of
lnlU bounding ic to north, lay to about 4 to 9 mflea off, but a
only yooo Eaet above it, ami tii" spun oaiue vrifh a ■ >•
griidiml fii.l rvmrdfl the viil!<_\. On th« aontb a rery Ion ri
ol aboul 600 foot — in ptaoea not mora than 300 i panted thu
vallfv-iilmn tn'in imntiHi Imim-1 mir i I u i
; vhii ii ran op into the hll a 5MK) tu
\anU id hivadthj bovcral bixvid lateral d] :>Iaina
m vn thr Pangtma Lake Di&ruf* LadaUL
also formed a unction with the >■ wen &u( bom ilie
ii in Ua ■ of lull* ti
lu lb i' '«* has been made to th- grant
mora or lean b n gular), <Uy*,
iLii'l -, Mini Hi 111-- <'Imii^ * 'I. . ■ . : . u ikOQQS*
td a feti w n rnn* I
formation. Tin.-. I thin! 1 'roots arc iwt
: og tfaftt i te rallcya of the Himalaya i
of ,-in.n.! w ii and thickness, the onl]
which aw to be now tilling tho 1
Kan '■ -i.tn. \li< Mi half-waj bei
Mages «f the Koogon and Goad, \\
SbrHmlarf of Ilia Jhetaro), Kashmir, sou at the villagt* <**
ond iuolf, marks of placial action an.' nnmietaJmble iu the
mi- -tn. i- 1 n| iii thi bard mi tamoi ph . at a
height of 150 to 200 feat above the ]>>- ~ >-'■ of the river.
Xhii point i-< 80 milce in 1 direct Inn from the b ad of ilie
■ nt some 1 tj ■ in ill 1 'ii 1 ■■ 10
much run koieo extended towards th< i| tin?
. >uix Valley it is impoNiildf* to kjiy, bill at tin: •'
10 milod b bedi oSdArh are to be soen. '1 1
Uun i> si iU of n r y considerable »i;cc, and glacial accumulations
are ww noon swept away, 1 d utimj
rmi nl 1 lift. Taking ■ el as
(he lowest KidM • •! i « -= exfc 1 nrj ralloy in tho rtYani
a range equal in mean altitude t.» the in
l;. 1 \ • bet d once the !»■<< nf 1
■ •l i'V. '1 In- 11 ■ ■■*.. .-ii ion ;if.' u! 1 11 lbs
north »«f th> Zogi Ln» between thepreeoxn I tcboiatid
as, it 1" miloe from the pass, h tl*at thr
Dros plain wa • ou< 1 btiri . in ico, uid th.it tiii- ri jjiou ■
Mtiicli tli» sum' ;t|i;>i-.it:iiiri- thai tin neighbourhood of the
Mustukh 1I1 )!■■:■ 11. tw. TJw imagination can hardh ooncfliv<
eDeraooos naguitade thai glaciers like thoae in ilie Kirikuram
<•■■ attained, aii'l that, tin v , w. -nil.- 1 iiUothoSkardo
1 flu- Iuciii.H ; 71/ t- • BO milce 1* by nonieans itnprohabkv
Smaller i»nes from the ridge to t! ■ ■ did ; foi
Iv« j -< I: in. n tino mass oi' moraine |>n.i .
l hi a mil**, having 1 Br) Lai in it*
I'V.r, this moraine must. havn hron furmed after
the valley amum! Skanlu had i\ 111 turd *o;urwlial i'
tor this basin ii \s at sock- rilJt'd up
with I- ii of lacui Irino d< po In, anil in »toa
height that ovcriojK tin* proM'iii 1- l
l.i:..i)i-t in 11 ■
'jiii/i' iiiilunil tn Nlipjxwn Uml on 11 milder I'lixualti xticvocdinc,
Godwin- Acstex on the Fawny I.
thcac largOf JJuvinl ri< >■■;(•■ would U- tlio iir.-i !.i i romoi id
bj r l ■ * - extinction of glaciera faiihaa down the vajfay, w\\\\* the
v;r; v« t intenea enough to prcaorvo than Rrou&d and *;
Boaitta Though the ta»t ftcoDmnbtioDa tit ddriim in the
i ■ , v.< !.'. I I'l.iir.-ivi-', title 1. 1 ill* :jl:hi I- In III t !. hlgfa
rugn both to tin' north Bad louth of tic Indus near Unafio,
wliirli riaciem mart ud*.*d rinse down to mul dammed
up th<- rivT. H dooi nol follow, m bosdo might bo lod to WD]
ilmt tin' whole rasa* of anch h mighty barrier should be formed
of ica It wai tii" ddftrft of motsini - Hurt *otH have oonq
thi.% from it-; cents datfen in 10 narrow a gorge n*
;li In in thon [irrs.ii;- UmM * xitv i;o |>il"d up would have
. til.- bod of ill' • L' ' : ill*' l.ril ■.(' til. I;il. l.ll \ ll!o)* ft*
well miii^iliH active cause, ua. tbeglaeiai itaelf; and
in course of time the whole ralley4ovi -i wmuM Iimm U* n
brought in* Ui tlm li<i;'!.t of tic* great deposit* i round Bk&rdo.
Iuuumeranli» othai m-tancee can bo seen of lOMHStion tliroujrji-
u rl the B u I on territory. I will Insta the Port I t,
ou road to Leh»a Hpot now 1 r ram red from umii i-mu^ [n
action. Br«n in the rallof of tin- .Mir lum, below Da
I h. affect* of ii glacial period can ba won. Trial glnoi
tateml r.ivi ii I:. tdad aerow tin- main vallejaeJ
period of liiiir i\i:%I( iln- i> mn*t pnilmlili* ; ami in m-ai l_\ i
:ivol deposits aro seen, aomo aido r.nun- below,
hating it- i or© q . can be pointed out,
bat formed ■■' tempo arj rp] igi to th-a main rrrei into which
it rnu; nod web - E 'till m progress in tba highest
riupM's of the mighty I Bnslayss. when extmdod
down t'i BOI 0 t'' t, what i:.» i nave been the appooranoc of Ac
I'pper Blmyuk Indus alul Cluing ChiingiBOfc where 12,000 I I
|:;,(tiin :- tii4i lowe>.1 m-m I of too iv.nutpy? ront-mplutiun of
such ii condition reader* the formation of lake*-* and the u--<-n-
nuii iti ..... i, '.:.,: : ;■ Bra] boqik no rarj any to
i:nu„'iii''. 1'iirthor, win u nofa powerful forces of ice and water
:n : t ■ • i i i . 1 1 . llii-ir o-siill- W&3IA lt;i\- . Kter&dod 1 i r down the
mnin ifrahwptr lfntin. and am to bo eoupht foratthadabooobo-
iin -lit i. f. mi. -ii rifon ai tlu- luiiu.s tin- Sutloj, GongMs fifcej •"" I
I boliara thai t! leort aoouniilntioBi of imxo
iKiuld«r-bcda cavnp I of rocks from the inna range , n
in:.;, I"- 'Mii in tlm N'oon Vmiii.. . Ifc.ymli Dhoon, and 01 u «
plnt't - ;il mil' tin- l»;i .«■ of Tlio 1 1 inoilnyoa, majOWO tlirll
io n dacial period in lliaae moantaina.
In the lower Kaka i:i oca u Dcrt a Vtttigeof any &ort op kind
ni" plaoi t>i<- boantirollj blin deai ■.. i bank <*f
nai»i and r* b ilaa, the "m u)ga?. Th
not tho case beyond Oft wl an the water u much leas aaJt;
ix-AiVTKX an the PaWJOog Laht> D&frfef, Ladakk.
Tii. -re trV Blond uiMi r \\:,\< i BT6 rxlrniich -!*|'[k-i ; .
with vegetable growth. 11 tbu port, also, ps f a
walei e nbo wen hen Mid there along the -h*»re. b«t
not growing luxuriantly, and svktentlj n Btruggli
The waters of tho western caul arc Hu moro nit
than those of thai near <>(.-. noticeable even to ii i
ifl not. until tin- htivrirn tli.-it connrcti tho two i« fairly
entered thai it u bj an Irixiknldi . tbi
diataii' • » ;.-i\i hi! we n-i'J to take water nm when we had the
[tick to find o ppring of really fn <h. I\ looking
we dbaovered springs En three plaei i flov rtlie
bank, nod in cue spot these apriiiir? «■■ "• i»u
distance out into tJui lukn, nninWiug th« «
around ; and it was quite a pleasure to see the poor yak*, who
riirri<il - 111 Im-j;i-<-, t.ilco a (ill rf it, "nhen tor tATCO da Jl tin y
had drank nothing but tall orator. A curious foature of the
. ■■■ i .-[■ | I. v. „ I ■
find an exit En iderlnir tin* great ar< MMneoffI
dram; for, witli the i loepuon of the few glacial riU
Chushal stream tm ir> smith ihon m at tho
extreme mat bbq\ bona the Kane Nik La. there are none*
Die north* uI.nK drj ; not n U "ins it
fot its .iiiiiv distance until arriving; at ■* I
lakoi end th< tame E&ftj l*o said of tin southern all*
the Chnshal Rivei to Otevand fbi many nifles beycnid. Many
6J tha m : irocs at a con
1:.m h I road dri beds from 200 to 9 op 1<»
900 yard.-: in '••• A rabbi o i 1 ma;
Lateral r.tvin- at OtO, tlie 1 01 01 li ^ which
bftcs into the nowy mountains of Choi \ ' hwigrnofor*
distance of 10 miles, draining al
'I'll.- -ill. wlijcli i timi - Ira* Ixm i
0 above area, bos formed tho plai
broad barrier, to what would othenriae be a oontioooni
Thii was no doul t i le old c
. tor a rise ofooxoc 1- fed would cortr tl
the Gte ptaii] [the higher ravine* v
is |.!.-nii:'n:, und .;! in:.; of the SCO i ■!
sirtwnn ii a ill sopped np in the broad bed of the main ralley,
which waft hi;-- a norfooJ spongo: I oxrt ooca-
iml mm k onlj to bid i itaelf a few hi \«rda
down; the last water Been bei:: the fori of*Lanakh>
klmr." bni H Bowbi re is seen t«> Bow int the I dec* being lust in
the Bands of the plain.
; rn osid of the Pangong Tao li< -. as near as poeabl^
juIhSiJui.'' .11 and longitudti 78' 30°, thanrv ita direction is duo
I not on thf: Fmg&ng Lak j)iathct% T*wbkh» 353
v.Mt)i-i-:i-.t to latitude 3.5"' Iff; it tin "ii takes n bend eaaterly,and
follows thai latitude asf&z a* Noli, in longitude 78 60*i The
ini'iiii'.aitis In the north-\w-.t Q] llu* lir<l long rvuch in**' Of BO
(jroat apparout elevation. In July tl rar] little snow to
m: wm'Ii, fini] ruilv mi tin* M'lV hi^ln'M jnnti.ni, or the
ruu^u wluVh, n.-v-rtli-l in 1&0O0 to L9»ft00 faM hi
Hi. li.:::ii'--t |". J<> being 20^000; bat thi lav* 1 of the lake being
18,991 feet above the im, dotrocts oonsidorably from thsa
altitude. The tormina] knobs of the span bom tl.. ■<!> -w t-.m-v
lie i'Iikh on tlm c«i;ri* ■ it" tin* lnki\ ri**ii»-_; to tic height of BOO u»
1500 toot, generally tcriiiiiiutint: pveoiprtou Ii ; ana the lake. 1
bhuilld imagine, i» i.'\L:*'!v*ivi'iv J'*i;| in u-li [ J- u< >. ll *ouM Im-
i in.' i Entore ting oSontifa onquiryto sound, with the aid ol
some portable kind of boat, the depth of tliia lake. To tho
vuinli-wrM u lii^'li l.nij ■■ lit i-f-5 parallel to tho laki*> sonic of the
peaks on wbion attain an eltttode of SUL&OOfeot] tfaia range
i. 'i -111111:11. - in a peak above, and to Uie eaat-soutli-.
wfckh u 80,008 foot.
The above Bnfl IfaH Of ii.ouril.'iins. rown-.l a* lln-v aic ftilli
|n'j'|»rtii;il snow, nxid thcii mvin.^ terminating above in small
form a lino boundary to this rallcy on tho sooth. Th
touthen neler-Oifi follows no hi..- -..n <-,. ' > t * .
It the ■ ndafivtbec H.mtli, ami between that plooo nod Pol
aevoval vorv largo lateral rarfaej deaonad Ento It, all with the
utund broa'X dry, gravelly bods; tho larj-e&t of these arc tho
ong, IVnjMiii. B ■ bast m On
in. aoxthara shore) beyond the vm large valley oi Chang*
D mnaJi, which finds its exit at tho Oti plain, than is anotJn-r,
tin Dul-Lxixubii. that drains thi con»dorablG tract uf 16t)
etman mil - ; tin 9jit <\nri« «l down from this bos narrow*.;
.1 iy u.ui-li tunning u law jMiiril j ttng Olri into it. and bus
i-Mitn.ctt ii tin- wuti in breadth. Alto-
itiIm 1 the mean breadth of the second lakoj ' leo tfyak," or
•• Kiddle Lake," is much less than tin- lirvt ok trao ".Bengoi
Whercui a tributary raviuo joins the lOOTO there is gni**»
scanty, as a role, and of 1 1 <rj coars? kind- At < m<- it Is much
peciaUy In the vicinity of tin stream that unit-
t.uilnktta. On both Uinkaof thaaBoand ood isftmod in
jili nty. ri wing luxuriantly in plno..-.-. At Alproiijj and Isuin-
luni il loniii'd aaombbj jungl»; baton Iho iioitli'in .-lion-, at
Sitting, it was mot with no more, and the only tool was a
itn&tod plant, which fahrowiort 1 ood leal of wo.-ds
i-* t'oiiud all over tin1 coimtxj and I nevez (bond a soanutyof
ii oren ap to 1&\000 foei in thi Chang Ubftnguoi a?e
the tavtaea vera retj rockv. Dt»ceii<ijDg from ibesDi&ll ttAgti
betwoen Baljhng and I'ai. ti4<
WWII. *1 !h.
'
I < ' ten on (he Paitgwg Lakt Vitirict, £<*/«£*.
come* m view, bound 1 b] lot* spun on every side, »v-
"ii-l ii ' - rears its head . -
Ruy through tL. eostorn sid< "i the "
( m lake] being the only one uu ti rn shore that
. ..,
i'lir- . and .1 half miles beyond Pel tli.- i cond lake Midland
a Hinall stream is found flowing into it through lmlf-rt-iii.
|f lint groondi beyond whieb n another Like, called Tso
Uuiti i Iriij'tli i>| uImmiI lour mil'. .- ; al
T-m \y:li, (ti.i second) ■ i« ached
Doc4ed,os before described, with Ten Rum belo* the
northern shore ol this last Is situated ihe small villa
n hort ili;-innoQ up a tributary from the north, flue x-
mm li wished la mnIi, bat could not nianage to accomplish it.
(•a t!i.' mi thorn shore of Teo Nvak, at interval*, a nd
ttllltl . 1 1 1< I .'Ullll nilis |i.:l:.lli*l tu lilt IllM' Of bwiC-ll J ttt I
attributed thii to lbs action of waw-t I -nt oI>mt\
proportions of these beaks in some situations, '".l el 1*j-i *
ihe ridge quite <» fc-H high, utid, moreover, ilml the I
i n isijrly turned up. u* if with o gigantic plough, I «u*
ptusaded to actional foi surh an nppenrnnee ; uud on qui
. then learnt that during winter, when the h»ke is
i'li.Arll u\ct Itunl, tin- Wiilri lltltuiully U' t UlllIlL
■nd, flowing westward, can find no exit When the i>r»48uiv
n ^t ii t en nj> tin? fnxeen t-iitt L on the bmr
liberated Sows over The surface of the in. 1 give ■ ■■
kei li of i ''Mum through one of tku*u b | the old
■c BPjivv ^iill nn tiic |»i>r|H'rul'
upheaved ground, which, of course, is on the inland i
i i. .i-in in;' thi- 1 Ion ii I ii :ii imh or tiro over G feet. 1 noticed,
:J-i. ili.it ili.- hniiU wow lii-h'T :iiul hotter doroloped
rn enures of she bay* During rammi i. - n, no
doubt) carries ofT a grout amount of the surplus water thai
into it ; l>ut in tli" wiht: r ti i and, wil
upper using of iea, the water, i<> free iiM-ll". tea a and ra rl
I to hank* in ih« curious manner above detailed. During tlw
whole ti:i"' I spent on the shores of the I'ancong, the only
<\ I -.i.\ wii* the 1'vang, or wild nes of Ti
couple of these were grazing on tin ' tf«
northern shore. Of the birds* geme were plentiful in tin* strvani
'• two»>n the first and second lakot, ami 1
LroutLj. Thn limit nil i ■"">,>■, teal, a red-heodod diva with
nU.imd n v. ry l.lnek plunoged duck, made up ihe
water-birda
There was a gn l! tcardtj ofsmalloj birds ; a sand^fpee *nd
wag-tad were occuaionall)' seen ou tin. bhorc. The lar^o tiflh-
(iOI>WlX-AU4TEN on the Panyvtitj Lak DUtrict, Ladahh. 365
:!«• mi [>]» ntiful at Ote, attracted there In' the fiat whidih
for 1I11' 8ml time is the uligbtlj bnckub water, Sowinj
of the upper lake; this lake in lull of tbl m.— tl •■■
resemble tho tench in ebapo and colour, only soma* hut loi
in (In- body, and ra eov-rod uith shmo HLr ilnwr- tilth. I had
Dftteh i>i- "U::lit n rod, and hud ip-nr Nina Kuiii, in I
miar under tin rocks, n v«rj good afti moon's sp n. c*>tc
some fivc-and-twunty; tfc< J UB ;»;< at a pound to w ight— ilia
i I raugbft being about lib?. Thou* lihh forme
welcome addition to OUT food U long M (Nl rffffirH «>'» 'I'1'
lake. 1 snppUod tB] old Blurt Wam^f and agate of the
• n:i ril with UOob iti nl Imi's. They ln<:,ii.r tierce Hsh< I mm,
uud brought in good hagB, It Lt « lint.' right
..'i.ii;' ii sioriti, wlimi u gix«l strong V>';,|1 fa blowing down I
I fig aXte&t Of Its sml.K'.. u:ul < : :io WOTM, win- Ii riw to
., iii i l.lii. against the hard rooky abor** I had tin
fortune to set* [ti surface in tl.U Mate on.. . ; ami ,:;
downt watched I b wan i rolling in, and Ponj o - brought
op thought* of b ■' i % in old England Though thi oonm
■o barroo, (fao take baa it« boaotias mriod tints <•!'
aurroonding hills and moimtniim, mid flu? rtofa deem blno of itt
waters, becoming quite of an em« i .-..lour as
nhallovnaai too shorn. Daring tin- ummar months tbo take
ii quite deserted, and we did not fall in with a soul the* whole
distance up to l'ul, or wo might nd bar* got so far. At thai
time of roar the Soda of shawl-wool -...n %. <heep. uml yak*, ata
grand in the higher valloys on tin young rich proas thai
Springs OD HI SOXM | il * i* -# -r« alter tin mhos li»:< irlt t :w /rnnnd
Durii rtheran ; down to the Iovl-1 "inaidatm"
ii ii tin !.i.M.', aud Ote, I was told, becomes dotted with black
* Champ*" ancanymanta. Snow, they say. nam Ii"* long at
' Iti , though the lake frocBce alt ow rorj thick, and I i
0 cold limsl 08 very eimsulrrahle. Tha ' 'ii.mijus nr Chiui
wfaoepesd thfl fffnter on the lake al Ota, oome torn both Koh
and Budok. Tneaaid plain i*u ili.s|iut--<l piere nf ^nmml, tlio
tueta of thePazagong dii^rlot einim It; though, jndj •• tln>
bite of an old fort Btaoding on a low ixick on thi in>itli-«e*tem
siclt' nf tin |il;i :i. I -li.HiliI say it Undoubtodlj balOQg» to tlio
an autkoritioB, by whom :t vfni Imlt nan ago: prosiuut}
of Lab and graatar part ofthaThanadardien ji!:icon it in tho
Koslainir Kitjaii'r; territory. Walln -I v\ -n> b are built
up as .i |in.>trrt [on for the b j t- inainfll the r iad, and, to n
lip-in vt.ill Kiiuggor, I obaarrad that tha batarior Boor of tboSi
huta IumI b • ' w 'j. down to & depth -t 8 foot, vhioh unut Hoake
tkam «:.nn al od
1 found Inc hummor winds of Uus country COU enough.
Stt ' Wl Ac Patigong Lafo Di*l/tctt Lad*
What tli- vi .ire like i can well imaf
oomftni Hi .1 tint, on the adga of t of water
itxctchmg i"t mil':, maul be ;i •<• n :iii»ua quantity. Inuring
ih'- wIiijI*.' j k m i* j . I m|' im> h.ijuurn tli'.ir in August, 1&63, tl>c
\s« vth'i-, w nil ft Uw aolitaij ftna 'lux-*, was nuBerablj tiloV-
nothing but cloud. -It ■• i. inU rain. I may imv m?ou it n
<li-:i(l\:i7i(;i:;"..[i'; riivmiu; uin -. .u <l ( lni>l .il linn - I
enjoy a Lime warmth and brigktneaa. On the let. of A
reaahed Pu^jang, and in the afternoon nftli.it ilnj i
Of the iir-t iiiiiiv .; wa bad vm. via., tlirx-o i no u driving Bone
In our direction. Tiny saw tu at the «imo li
tuned and bolted wa fallowed, but failed to oTen kethw
being about two *«• the point they had rounded.
bad diaappe&rad up Bome lateral ravin* oni of >:*■
n| proa 'ii WllS, lln.Tr-!'i-rr, l.iioAii !■> Hie Kudok :u»'Ii. It I
i torrenta during the night. Camp "a* pi
where a lung broad nulla-bod rniw- down t«. the lake, and
1 -ml promontory run Own ili<- lulls on the n ato it.
Oni road aflad day, on towards Pal, lay owi tbia, it l*i"ng a
V t) long round to follow th b n u !■ r th< lifl 1 1 ibo
litVN |i»h*i tllv hroml dull ^rrt'ii [iliiin nf I';il rtM
an tea aido wo di overed tine black tents d a BtnaU Tartar
camp. At our approach waa now a rtainlj known Us tbtac*
people, wa bant om I p 6 \ n . Thn •■ m< ■■ came oni t«
md tamed oni \'-i) mild individuals, one In log o Uiamaot
prieat Xhalr doge, or tba large Tibetan breed, were miseb
men noiay and ibrioaj at the intrusion of rtj tad wore
nut i.» bi raooncflad until long after the tenti won pd up.
Ohaa ip Im informed mo that oni d tl i ir i amtx r waa
about to ride into Noli til oner to give lh»« nrwn o
and bare it tin nee sent on to Etudok ! instant];
Itoonshk down t<> write a letter !»■ tin rm i oj th i4ace
raODeatil)^ tl.'it Im UniiM imUi* im tliOu-ult v t" \u\ [-<.\\
to the place, and eee it* monasteries, I'b next ; .-■■
T remained at Pal, for the hilla were buried fr dense rkn i
a good dm] oi ram I. II, ;<> t tint I <\ with
my mim.-v work in an enatara direction; ou be
Ztmakang of tfadok rod in with some twr-itr followers, ami
pitched uk tents on the other bank of tin* little etrea
cane orar at once to see me. Ilf »:»s a native nt I.tiawa, a
, »t«>ut. jovuil ('«■!!■ >w, niid brought a letl r inn the
Governor of Kudok, and a whil iwa op (hoi with *i pi
| id BOCQt d p<niUi Ut
nun 'I In- Ii-liit vtm llion n'inl hy the IfooiiMliie. and a
the effect that it waa not in hia power to pit<
Jtodokf as hv had atrictordi - horn his suj_>crior5 in I .ha** to
QODWDT-ACBTHK nn thr Pxmjmuj Lnhr Dt'itrtW, todotk
prerent foreigner* OKvwin^ the frontier, .1
1 ■ tiiully l>M known if ho [*c-rru it t».-rl it. II*- wlh*\ Ota ha
oould not nae fbroo to movant my further prograaa1 but Iw
trusted 1 would uoi loaa him hti appointment by no i< in", mid
ilmt I wnulij :»■ - -■ 1 t r ! i« t present a* a sign of R
Having nrciwtl urdeni Bol li» bring Oil BBJ collision with (Ins
Cbinasa officials, I had to give op the Idea ofaeeing Etudok; but
I hold out for one mora march towards Iba plaae«and rained
point, but not bafbra showing soma nogti at chafe ah
vn boa,
Tli»* Zixnaktuig Bgnio n\uw ofar, After my dinner, about
) .vi.t.-i, ..1 q] -I 1 to be [ 1 * Bids rl borj but
iNiiilthi') mn*t niiiilf h\ tht'ii eiiicnt. The oftarDOOD
Of th.it day I wu* QOttMod to ii: ■■•■lid t In- lit ft0D nutiiiu,
of t$aan, and !u ray fcrna position: ths range around
Budok, and Ens QWtoni end of the Inks, wore n risible*
and 1 y/aa enabled to fr<-t Intcj with other raja. The
."nil brokfi) ft 'i M.n:if"]v , cJeai and bright, 10 1 started enrly nlmig
tlio afaotQ of the lake hi dirpd on of won, mv Friend the Zi
i.,i i" Htin-li tu i I ■ 1 ( ■■ h. Ii« wl triedan with a few of Ua
nn i; ; and ft onrionsty dressed rabble they worct with their enor-
anona BaI moahroom-obaped bi al] aurantad on little
•. , inir tturdy pome*. T era all very jolly and
amiaolo. I made do secret of mi work, tod showed and
explained ill'- in if of the Ink- to bfaa, which ha thorough!)
understood I have found tlio people of ThnVi Ear in advance
of those of Hindustan as regards drawing , and « '.it tbej era
meant to roprosant At u mnnll lull called Tobo Nokpo —
whence I tad promised to i itnrn tin- [n-vimis day — 1 full
■rrri-ihi'iit. I'viili'iitl) to I i>)in- "1 (h" > iin-kma'.
Who was now n. "i- pi m-miii (.'..in '-v. r. uu'l tiiniikr.l m..- with
v Bahama <)n the Rth Vugntt mj tenia ware etrnek to
lottfo I'nl, am I the Ktidok men lid tlio Rune. I *na invited
to their tents pronoun bo rt&rting, to partake of .1 porting
cup <>: toll 1 tee, ihurood with butter, whirh i* .«l ^ ■ > - k-pt
simmering on the Ira; it in by no means n bad bora aga whan
iiimiIo with good freah butter. I sort ittn u (aw paaania imd
we ]):irtnl. At the castcni and «t the PtagOOfi tho Lille aomo-
!.■-•! .■;. ... 111 -i|: until*, in., iii- 1 11 ■-; 1 tha not di of Nob.
Looking in a direction duo oaat from fha higher |H"UT8 I
HHoendadp tha nmntri appaarad flat but andolatmgp and I ob-
► .ivi.ti ;n the far di^tanoa two os ihiw piacaa of water j thoao
born "it' t" l'i' connorttil with BangODg Tso, probably
i'.iii'lecl by steep sides, whioh wre not diaoaraiUa »i twanty
mile*, they may cxtmd for N>modi huoo; tb< breadth of this
i 1 ;li i-'ijiiill wiw coii-i',1 rriM. ;unl >• -. I -?■!.•■ J up tn il UllOWy
\ mm on Ok Paryong Lnkt Distritt,
mrtr, but triced (bran.
Appearing cam and n . I sent tlic mni|> on I roeta
lw», and coiiiiiiii'tii ih ■■ aaa -lit ; i hi- -Aas a gomi ilt-.il st«fwr
and further tlmu 1 kid anticipate!, prorin;. Iiifih.
The labour was r. n *i di I. for Iron the immtnit i oltaiticd »
«pl*r ind < I i ■ ■ | Urge smovol of work; rn*Rfiiri» uniwr-
bedeatill eorered Lb m;>. b i ind was l>it r- rly ">.«i.
■ourtrtin^ in lofthi I >re well weti, with
±tmt snowy imago near the I nl ftudok; nnd I ctill
"ii in In ; itaiiB to the
Krtttfaarxi ' ■«.(!:., ROBfl Inoviow — of « country, bte.ak, Dal
<a*r. And inhospitable. < hily in n trihiitiirr of tin- great Chun *
Bvmt Loom ha — whence wna a way to Ote — was ar
afttlegro» nml ferae there ikirtod U»o '©iajj
IibiIh ill ii worn dowu again. It mm a bill ■.- raid cteu-
ap. hot the camp was in a* utoltarad a spot ns w I tind.
mtd thrre wax some j^xm! gram hero for tin* yak*. Tin
camp took the usi ition, and ran towards nortb*
with a bod aboufl rth of a milo broad; at ah
miU* we readied tin of a biry I'rom
vortli, and up this 1 determined to proceed, and tfaenoa
In KiefaMg tngoooinririca] station. Bbrara] kiuags
hero seen, and Dp Ike valley nam or >
aui* the proiclly wide Itill for flro milos— whaaa
and ondod m antxtanariva i
IpJaic. >'i: ti.< surface of nliick la Urge snow-beds —
wrtrallnr at a 1<hk in find vmti r I I o ■■•!. tbi ongtOfP hmnelt,
i tta> y&ka and aerrauU proceeded up the
till of groosj grans, whei ■ I I
I n>ta
ka staff • p of Kiopoanj
i^il little pull up it looked 1 followed the ean«
vr-
>mi mi anothei I fgl
kind to Ih- set ad my guide* told mo
■hit bj (i nomad lnU\
i io llndok
that they were great thforee and robbera, and ■
I !)■ peopl ■ who vii iior otot
I inUi ji i on lha
batl pit bad to
tf a stiff accent next •!> <-• np u»-i
\_hou- old, the water of the
ami the backs of the yaks wore «,
Oil ■■irns" iwiMr. Puiutonp F.aki' !K*t ■■'.//. 359
1 tin' grwitiT part el tbc are* 6 ifl r
□J ' rliiili.ul. .in* lii'ti- m'i-ii hill mi;, loll^h and aOJ(L Tin rocks
van aD oi Urnoatona fonna&io&j with ■ rtrike no*rly ww*
VOSt. I toum! i!" t'oKtili; bttt it IflBilllllllirl m KXpOttnilOQ tin
Pntooaok roob of Dree, die I obi on th. peak i Ine
i ii -. . hut cnulii -«■«■ no more of thi >-.. tern i nd of tin [\u
near Koh, on aeoount of a dena base in thai direction I nat
mu.'ii di .«['! Dinted, and could only fa r peak n two boning up
through tin* mint. My 01 n camp and the Tartan had g o oa,
Bkd I quickly followed thorn .hum thr vulli-y. T\ ran
characteristic 1 1 thaw ragknij spreading out into a broad,
■i;\ plain on the left ddeof which was i iharptjMieflned
scarp, mowing rta general leva] bad bean uniform, Cnia plain
forms iln- bead o^ one of the branchee of the I >M Loomfaa.
\\ . tn.it; »i -Mill onr Champa Kfeii ml- nt i ailed Obnlp
vhen they encamped to graze theii goats and iheep fb> s few
«liii"W" i>r c']"«l ttfj uIom ili«- sided the hills of the
right hank, i; n.ili; \" ;i hv, | i-. ■ - ■ T ■ — I I\j I n ;i, u;i'l
d< winding on tin other nda to another tributarj «.i the \». I
L Omba, which <■• bhia IpOl brainh< <l inl.t thr. < hn . <l -i 'ii 1 1 . i
jM"ift:Mtcil into ii"' mountains on the north Ihr *ome • i :!u
milt-*. Mi- - i-ii-r-st i.f ili. i ..) .i direction north*
westt and up iImh obi toad i" Onaiw Chitagmo ran; no
water wax hi -lv to \h> louiui. .ui'i ttiH i. ..I .:,i.' v. had pro
I another tun miles t La i water wee bond in tin- l>
'iviir... Where we baited foal grew in plenty — the yellow-
Sowerod tHbotan furze, diffi btlj Erom the European in
nort being quite ao thorny. The ralle] was itil] broadi bol tb
h ii -sides descended into it with steep H in bore
called Dmkker. When on the Sk Ijhu. u lionaanan was seen
riding down the valley bom the north, win y*u*«\ n ; »■ ii"i
t linn; from ...i i m-jimp-ni-ut uj» tin- valley, ami >ju<1 h-- \m
tn r<ciiii us ..ii to ii).- [in** ahead. Our moromerita van then*
iral] known* t i o i .^ . ■ sn should ocri bi ■- human
being to ham bean within miles ; bnl the Champa* wen art
dandy an the watch, and eapied n A nomemtwe topped the
1Mi-*s of Sji Lam, IW'twflGB i .hi in and th i Dai njor 1 •<' the vallej
lore the same character) eave ilmt the broad ltih.-ik bod was
eorafedwitti a Inzoriant Etvnrth of Ann I oaod with
. wbicb got np in au dtxectfona^ knd l had acane good
ihootisgi Ih* Deanjoi l-i waj reached abonl I" o'cIooks I
found it hv boilin^poinl thennonu*tei to be IT.-IoTi. The
waa ^ctitie the whole waT| and feU la like manner into xho
valley cm the north. Am teajne np to the usual pile ef atonee
!■ i-r. t, t\M- lin. .Ii'/., timtnon - * ■ : i j ■ - r.i:n<l n ipur to tliO
rightf at about 200 ynrda* diatanoe> 1 mane
3S2 Godwix-Austen on th- P<ii\g<mg Lakt District* LadM.
me. He bad been keu
I i.nl iTi..;i-i t..\vn ; Imr lli.> iilitivi i wil li ": 1 1 ' 1 1 |
nonld i -i speak Hindustani j had brought bitn m tfaifl direction,
quite acontrarv point of the oompasf. Thi valley ahead i
i> had boca
Mtetefasd in oo the rou^h reconnoissanee I had; ^- lh«
men
Dim I ■■; to the main ridge of the rail i by
i ig. PJ iiiv i'i wood} p oted wil I lavender, 01 ral ti *■ sti
, vritib i n tike m .i:. mi 1. I>u
m'uiiiy— only ta two <>r three spots was f<
Imi tin- \("tli*. A fr« l;t-epatch»crfsnowstilllayootnepro
these (I'M- ih" hM-side* rare now otrite bare of t)
remains of dotp drill?* formed by < I * *- winter wind*. I •
not spare lime to proceed any farther: I had much Broth k
finish in the riMir, mil ^oim Iul-Ii |>"ii 18 to ascend, wliii-l
lid shut up Tt'i the season. I utioh lunged
■ pi re, I* it I'uiilil n<il I- so. Mr. Tumor wi ■
I* a sketch of tbi
ii Appeared that tor fioinp riii milrs further lln* <•[
■ uili. and disclosed n long piew
I sngong, Imt the mountain* abut out the sod "f ii : nor iliil hr
i v-t get so Ear an the cdp», to u 11 me whi thcr it eras fa •
*i» t!i i-i Doaj Ih . for all tie know, another rft d to tl.»-
Pangong Ifeo. Conor »w *ix or seven mi • tfara,
which lie described i • haru i bi I i ly rqual to th
ibofe lake.
Pine Bgftttt I id ■ ■i-«nn-Iiun . n ■ ■ ;■• I ■ -mrnll n-
nt- th.- spot when the long southern spur from * Siainkang II. 8.
abuti "ii the Kyanigo I a ■■■;.» I made n short ascent
order to obtain nn oxtei be • ounti
itli-«wt. This presented the a] ce of Urjre, br>
\.il!r\ -. i!: . almost come under tin- designation of jtUins
ntidnlafttng ndges that divided them h Dgofe- little eleta*
lion, On tli o Ifith August I - n camped chw^ to tin- In
of Kynxa. Tbasa rise al tho font of the hill* on tfas left lank:
ill.- alluvial plateau on the edgn of wh
i Ktends for aliuut half i rrile to the river, and ends in * km
ctfff The water i pota, coveri
;iln.iit loOytinis loojf. The spring on the eatremi ureal oda it
lurgr^t, mid Umperal ire ths highest. The ground d>
nnaspjr. rrons the north-west a large tribut .
i.li rii in.; Cliungroo River, adding so much to th<
waters thai it was a matter ol difficulty ore sing at the two fords
below IvvMin. Tin- valley no* lessened muc nltki. bat
tiie alluvial deposit* were still well developed, and wer< i
Godwin-Austen on the Pangong Lake District, Ladakli. 363
a series of steps by the gradual falling of the lake, or the
diminished waters of the river, or a drier climate commencing.
In the Gedraure Loomba was a green expanse of grass, with
a rather severe ascent to a grazing spot called Boomzi ; from
this a high broad plateau extended to the pass, the line of
watershed being so oroad that it was difficult to assign its exact
position. The high wide valley parted north and south, in first
direction to the Ororotze La, 18,050 feet, only used by shep-
herds when taking flocks to graze in the lower courses of the
Chang Chungmo River.
I had now finished the whole of my work, and went on as far
as Muglib, thence to Tangse, where I paid my coolies: the men
behaved very well ; never had I any occasion to be put out by
them. I returned to the Indus Valley over the mountains
by the way of Kay La, 18,256 feet. The Kay Loomba River is
fringed with grass and bushes for a considerable distance up,
and at a height of 10,300 feet flows out of a lake about 400 to
500 yards long, of a very deep clear water. It owes its origin
to a large landslip from the left side of the ravine, by which
cause a very considerable portion of the hill-side has moved
forward and been disrupted. The rock is granitoid, the same
as the Chang La, and forms the main axis of the mountain-chain
between the Indus and Shayok. From the lake to the pass the
scenery was as wild as could be ; near its source the ravine
turned south, and was nearly level for some distance, ending
amid a mass of scattered rocks, debris, and snow; large beds of
which still tilled the ravines and lay in patches on the summit
of the ridge. The wind blew with great violence from the
w.s.w., on reaching the pass, with that cutting, piercing, un-
sparing manner it does at these elevations. Behind the shelter
of the rocks I boiled the thermometers, and then descended into
the valley below.
"VKVrKSw>
I N I) B X
TO
B TIIK THIRTY-SKY KXTH.
■riu, ||fa
Aim UiU.i*. 17.., I-;,
Ohorawb, i«:4
Hubbt, ITS.
AlmWUi fort. * I.
Abnl r«la. 101 *i tof,
AbaSumak. 114.
'. ■ ■;'•!, \f.i.
Aabtsko, 4ii.
Adtr, Klnnoft 104.
\ ....■.'■ |, 270,
\ bod 1 1 1 . | L
\ i rii : ■ ■. ■■ | [r,-;,
AVha, li.y.
Mr.. LGS.
'. 1M.
AJond, ur.
Akfrl, W.
Ak-l.nl. i:.s.
Akironlu, -ifi.
Ak Mov.1. (5.
Akr ..' m.
AkpKuc. iea,
Akhtl, *'..
Aktl i MoiiDiufu»» 13.
AIaj:»l,, |0.
AlflfQUi 1
U] • >w«t«<l Fort, 224.
AlHnAjpio, llf,
Alin tlf Ginipoccoil, 126.
Usbtaltoloi in.
niio, 110.
1 Dun, doltaof, lsa<< **f.
Amor Mm, tAJ, 114.
Amli>(i«nifi{i, I II,
\iiilr4imsjUnipiuift. U3*
Andringiatuul}-. 1 13.
AoUmoirWokcloy, 114.
Anrvribokft, 113, 111, UV.
AlltNIII. UK),
Aattimrjr. 115.
Apocheeto d<- Ecaco, 120.
Aporomo. 130.
Aral. 8co of. 159 ft i&j.
Aran SMi '!<>•/, Q ,.
Anii- Cob, ML
Arrol KIyit, ;">.
Arm Palm. .Ml.
Armotti Rrw, mi.
Arwngim Hirer. 198.
Arthui r.r .
, tabic of tJlitiulo jki««.
337.
AMtOflftf, 124.
AsfeOMra-Muhnkmb. 1 77.
Ayapftta. nii-ttfvrulogkal obwrtatjia*
•f, 1*T.
B ■-.. naw«t-
town, IM *t »-7.
0, Kmp (if, 104.
Axiilinaio tttrV, 135.
. ICG.
HabjIOD, u,.;, 1C8.
Ik, »7ft.
IfeghfUii. u.l. MSL
lfctthin, 278, 282.
lUSramahad, 232.
ttihu.
I\ Ik. I )r.. jmirnvy lo K >**, 0? W arf.
Jliikcr, SirK, 194 «J ar-j.
lUlli Itrnn*..
■ Pulu, 30.
■ ravine, 12.
KiHtitan, 350.
Ham, a*«.
IJrtinpiir, 264. 2?
River, 22i>,
Kinjp Pora Kong Uivor, 298,
ttamWho l'o*«. 13.
Itani Mnl... I i
Ilirus. Mr. J. W., on the an!
»u|)ply of «mci !:i Wi ■
Barih, Dr, 05.
Uumm Hill. 189,
Haua iribr. O;*.
BuQto-kn44*.
f'-Uji, 27.
IWh... SirH. 'Mo, 72.
-ftko. 114.
lW-koii. 167.
Ikloodilalku, wvpb "f "»tcr In, 33*.
INDEX.
3G5
Beluchan Clmh, 293.
Beluchistan, Western, 269 et teq.
Bemanevikia, 1 14.
Beniougo, US.
Beni Biver, 138.
lk--.li ! ii rak, 46.
Ifewfther, LienL J. B., survey of part of
Mesopotamia, ICO et *eq.
Bezilin, 11, 31.
Bida. in Nupe, 92 tt teq.
Biruu Guan(99.
Bilhm&,44,
Blau Krauz I : . - . ; . S\ 54.
Bokhara caravan* in Yarkand, 7.
Bolau Pass, G8.
Boolao Pus, 339.
Boomxi, 363.
Borba, 137.
Bob tan, 46.
Bmmera, 231.
Bouiakuff, Admiral A., on the Delta of
the Oxhs, 152 et acq.
Briujga, 3, 29.
Diwao, 10.
Broughton Bay 214.
Browning and Griffiths, Messrs., 328.
Pass, 32'J, 330, 333.
Budichtchef, M., 228.
Budogorsky, Colonel, 224.
Buffalo Kiver, 48.
Buggaur, 75.
ttuia, 30.
Bura, 44.
Burchaihang, 26.
Burliauipootcr, 234.
Burin, 44.
Burke Pass, 335.
Burmah, 231 et seq.
Burns, Sir A., 72.
Burton, Capt., 193 et seq,
Bushman Hirer, 50.
Calabozo Rirer, 140.
Cambodia, list of towns in, 326.
, maps of, 328.
, population of, 321.
Cambodians, 309.
Canterbury, New Zealand, routes bc-
twecu the cast and west coasts of,
328 et seq.
Carabaya, Pern, 116 et acq.
Caripuuas Indians, 137.
Carrasco's map of Peru, 130.
Cassimabad, 290.
Gus Hirer, 331
Castries Bay, 226
Cayapi, 132.
Cazeaibe,2nl.
Ccraknnca, 128.
Cliacamayo, 128.
Chach, 45.
ChacUan, 7, 44.
Chadarknl, 46.
Ctiadartash, 46.
Chnqiiiinajo \i ■ ■ r, 132.
Cbahi Jelfal, 990.
' Shor. 290.
Cbaioshjilga, 38.
Chakalok, 4*.
Chalan. 46.
Chama Lake, 201.
Clamps*, 365.
Chnndtaa, Mr., 1 38.
Chang-Burma 1 1, 353.
Burma Lomnba, 3C0.
Cunngcheuuiu, 1.
Chang Chi Kow, 266.
Chungmo, 348, 350.
La, 344, 343,
Chnngla Pass, 22.
Ctiauglung, 40.
Ckaugpas, 355.
Changthang Plains, 2.
ChautahooD, 324.
Cbautakhain, 299.
Charwash, 46.
Chati, 19, 40.
Chancy, Colonel, 163 et seq.
Cbia, 118, 123, 124.
Chilleja, 144, 145.
Cklmbai. 157.
Clammy 344.
Chimre, 22.
China, North of. 239 et seq.
t overland communication with
India. 23 let seq.
Chinese in Coirbodia, 320.
Tartnry, 1 et seq.
Chiog-hing, 215.
Chira.7, 41.
Chita, 223.
Chori Buzun, 289.
Cliosan Harbour 213.
Choubor, 270, 284.
Choudur Turkmen, 154.
Cbuaui, Painpa of, 126.
Chu Join, 251, 252.
Cliulpasi, 359.
* In. 1. 1 ii ii Plains. 13.
Cbunchos Indians, 117 et seq.
Churomiyo Kiver, 143.
Cbushfll,':i4ii.
Chutckka-Bus, 154.
Clappertou, 95,
Cochin China, 305.
Coleridge Ijtke, 333, 334.
Colliiigwood, Mr., Ki3, 169.
Coraui, 118, 122, 125.
, meteorological observations at.
148.
Cotton, Sir A., on communication be-
tween India and China, 231 ct seq.
Craigieburn range, 331.
Crato, 137.
BB6 INDEX.
•r*. 119.
XjSooU, lei.
, mrli>nrrito£ira] rtli**nalMftj at.
h*]ailnT>, IIT,
HO.
— > meteorological uUvrratiMt
Otolpboo, I7S.1T4.
01,131.
i Uffl i I-a*t, 199.
nivi-r 1 1 o
■ 4 i i ■ i ■ * *
|£aphrtlM H
III- t W »|-|lM"!^ II'
( 'ii'a'h, U.i:i c i. ,1 ,,i, 5).
..t:..ii ito|, 114, lift
PiU.fr.
Dsboka Ukt. Ifll.
IV U, L00.
n.i i
I'dnauibana, Hi
Dun Kim. 132. 153.
a, I'.ii.of, 2*4.
Mali.,. H 1.
PfcO, 274.
Bi -'..I. KM.
pBr^ahtr. Bil K«Urt, 10*.
— 8eriun, MI.
H«r»m Cap* >7&
■ trurui; m„ aai,
■ ■
liiirzm. iU
Kefig-llwn-ehing. yl7.
Daagl, khj.
Fergus wu. Mr., 82.
Daum. Kine,* o£ lt»l.
.Mr. J, 74.
l)uw*tit, IOt.
Fife. Colouct, 338.
Duviruu lixii(7-. !i " i'_
Kndlar, Mr. A. <;.. OB I \i.<fl*«***i
Pf niof i i
Ia*t joiinn<v. ID 1
D.mi 1 .-, |W, 173.
»<4U U, Ml.
Dtrmbok u.n. .
Foueheur. M. le.31«.
Uiod" f. 182 tl jc;
Fmucia Joseph Gldeivr, 331,
Dibla tihcrgol, 30.
i >:. ;.,y of, llfli.
i. lib ftal
i tin d [,.. i i9
Gaijm, ioi.
Dijalu Blwr, 109.
i i <>. vi ti'»i . i.
UMalblW.
> mot, Cdptaio, tli>
DjangJ Su, 163.
DJhmTifl.
Uafften, Mr. JC. 1., dcnv,|. inn. '.: Dia»>
Dott!kbo Itiv^r, yvj.
bakr. IKS rfi*/.
Dobm M ■ B,i •■■ i .
Oartooki
. Mvmii. Aiiliui and George,
Gariopr, 10.
385.
i . ,,
Dowmtr. i?i.
Cbflrl tribe, K3.
l>r»Iuut*rg Moiint::in», A* vt **,•.
Obttf, H-Kl
DruaoBi fa 279.
I'mlmiirr I.irfiiiilu, 363.
Uruft |*UA, 19,
Ghitrw, 76(
Kmr, }U.
ChHii-r, /?*,
Daa.o.
. .ii,u ,,,. i.. ,,-. n m.: i it,
Dal, HI.
l.l.la:. M ijiuj i. uu. !'">.
D i . i il Wj i Riw, ioi.
<.il i:i l;.( .
F ■ ■ Itiv«r, 1 1 i .
l;. |, |0«,
Dar», tf.
Girko, i-.i.
<;>.., 187.
lliirg«..'Ui_
<;.,iu i i,....,t. *,
Darin*. U.
Goblr. King* of. 104.
DuraMaa, 273.
(hmU ui-Aii*uii, l.'upuiu, on I*jut£aay
Uu.iu Kiwi *7>.
Lake. &40 ft tci.
Cohl« mi J, Colooal P. J., I'.tmin
DatMj 99, l»l.
Unvart UjociDD, IM.
mid i:,.iuohiiiiiii. SCI ^ w^.
Gondokon i I
i><.iiu-ij. m,
liiute. Mr.. Int.
1 1 iiu». 164,
Gutfrin, Admiiul, 2L4.
K-lriil, II
(iuiuu, |2.
Kgabbi, BB.
<.Mintuji, [<W.
♦4.
l-'.UIumi.a, 43.
..iin, 'J3. UV,
Guriui. L00.
Kl M.-lik, M,i. i;...
Gaylmt, 100.
FmcMUbal, iw, iii
Gnutlur, 2;o.
INDEX.
367
Gwettar, 270,273.
Bay, 273.
Haast, Dr., altitude sections, New Zea-
land, 328 et aeq.
Pass, 335.
Hadaetha, 175.
laine. Dr., 8
llala RaiiUL', 339.
Hauioou, Lake, -11, 342.
Hauaka, 281.
Hanle, 13.
Han River, 214.
Ilariuan Stream, 331.
Harper Puss, 330. 332,
HauR.se, Kings of, 1U2.
Hector, Dr., 332.
Hiudotash Diwan, 10.*
Hillab, 160, 164.
Hit, 167.
lloeo-ho, 243, 248.
Hokitika River, 331, 335.
Holmes, Mr.. 85.
Ho-SoiTse, 256.
Huallusa, 12.
Huori-liuari,
llunyriiro Kunca. 128.
lliibti Hirer. 340.
Hubl-eU-Dlhehlu.-b.170, 176.
Hub]-«-Sook, 173.
Hubl-es-Sukx, 169.
Hue, 311.
llueria Parapa, 142.
Hujjamree, 75, 76.
Hun-chun. 215.
lliii.i;. 97,101.
liubzuHobbers. 10.
Hurunui Pass, 328, 330, 333.
Huaakhar, 27.
Hwang-chun-chiug, 215.
Ibarana, 110,
lbrahira-«l-Khaleel, 172.
Ilchi, 1 et teq.
, j . [ u: .- :i of, 8.
Ilcagar, 12.
Ilovo Kiver, 49.
lliiam-) u, 225.
Imbulgar, 45.
lnaiubari Kiver, 116 et teq.
India, overland communication between,
and China, 231 et seq.
Indus Kiver, 68 et $eq.t 343.
Irrawady, 236, 237.
Upahan, 275.
Ituata, 122.
J at*. 32.
Jaba, M., 186.
Jacobabad, 71.
Jhelam Valley, 351.
Johnson, Mr. W. H-, Journey to UcUi,
1 et $eq.
Johnston, Vice-Consul, 281.
Jones, ComuiaLtlur, 163, 169.
J ■imi.j. 235.
Kabarofka, 222, 223.
Kabba, 00.
Rattan River, 92, 99, 100.
Kafalung, 45.
Kalanxao, 289.
Kalian, 11,44,46.
Kampon Lnon, 310, 311. 312.
Sftwai, 308.
Kampot, 318, 319.
Kamuko tribe, 93.
Katijmi robbers, 18.
KaiikLuo, 320.
Kflno in Haussj, Dr. Baikiu's Journey
to, 92 et seq.
.Kiugsof, 102.
Kapas. 29.
Karabaili, 158.
Karakalpaks, 153, 155.
Karakar, 41.
Karukash, 28.
— — — Uiver, 2 et teq.
Karakornm Pass, 10, 19.
Kara-Kul, 158.
Karangotak, 7, 29.
Karasbahar, 13.
Karaz, 45.
Kargalik, 7, 43-45.
Karkoso, 99.
Karkpet, 346.
Karai, 99.
Kiver, 94, 100.
Karu, 99, 100.
Karuma Falls, height of, 209.
Kashan, 275.
Kushgar, 7,47.
Kashmir Valley, 350.
Kaar-Kund, 291.
Katai-Tam, 46.
Katbemain, 161, 162.
Katsa, 101.
Katsina, Kings of, 103.
Kay La, 344, 363.
Kaxak-daria. 157.
Keamaree Island, 76, 77.
Kebuter Khan, 279.
Kedje, 272.
Kej, 291.
Xembflll, Colonel, 169.
Ktnamari, 1 18.
Keoj Khor, :>72.
Kepchuii, 350.
Kennon. 275,278, 279.
Kbadalak, 44.
Khan tiadsha of Khotan, 4.
Khan-ps-zud, 169.
Khanikoff, M., memoir on Persia, 282*
m
IXDBX,
I '), 40.
II 'il9,
Khtrgiii J unfit, l .
— - IW. Ift.
Khirtfl uk*9»,
Klun
. 1 0ft cf xv.
Kli*l>ili, 151
Khokaii carnntrip. in Yarkaml, '.
K D ■■■ R7ft,
i . i l l ■;.
KUoibkuli Uugar, 29.
Kliiuliwvd-Lilitecb, l?6.
Kiani. 1,1ft,
Boipa
K :. [ B D • ll.li.
Klluiuk T*rinr». 6. IX
lki-1 U>, - ■ L
ii»k. IS*.
Kin*. 7. 14, «!).
Kirk. Dr., m *■! «V-
Knui/.i., . ■ .
UuSg Guug I J, 319, MI
Kittl I mi, X tl rrj.
« Chain, oltitodc *»f peal
la, 9
Kivii. 34.
I. ■*:.
Klip Bl
KliUglluoK«fti.
■ S«n Bltpb,
lit.
KCocoa
i.»,..u>i
i ii .t, ttOS, 300, .ion, aai.
Korl • ■. ii. lift, ou
KoiMtofl. Sift,
I . JBU.
Kon Dvjor, aft.
Kotrc*, **-;«, "3,
(. ,, :..-ii
—i Blver, abtaulo ol
, wo.
Kpski«iji, 9ft, 100.
! i.l.W, IJ7.
Kabul K
KilvIi ' i
::
ir, :. u. M.
i. ..ntlud, *;.
K\ lunirva, 44.
K.ik Rim, I&ft.
Kuliaaldl, IB.
KiiUuu Bvcr, 157.
Koto. 13.
Kr.mxi tftQttr
Kun au
Kwinrtwd luuipir. -h.
KuBMtb, I60i
Kun I
Kiuulxz, 160.
Kanooiob, tot
Kungiaml, 154, UK
KuiiU !LUcr,»J.
Kufguicht. 164.
■ Klvor, 00.
Kurniclm*. GK • '
Ouigta, 2.15.
. IM.
. lift,
lI mu-Taa, I
Kumiupc, 71.
Kuiiimku. IOQl
Kuc-L'xiuk, :
Kwmnj
Kwof...
Kjrun,
Kyimgo rijy.^ci-
UcOrOB, rir F.J M.<W. 109.
LoJa*a. H '1
Ul Muid. 4d.
Lftuipr*^, Dr.. journey >t a*J£hfeoar-
1 1 "<'! l*.-i- in. U9 -f Wy.
L.i.v.ji, i.wi.
I i
l.«uiUu Hirci, 152.
l*Mr«t, Purl, fl 1 1.
Ufij I.' P«\ fctf, "
IaJi. I. 441, i
Lento, ••;•. *.. ico,
1 ■ Putt, IQVa
. IOC
i ,. , . . ii, .. . i In t:»y •* \mt
19 i • » «v.
.Hr-Cbftrwc. ivi.
i. Hyi, W, V„ i* 1;.i
boar* oo cowt of Miocbuii*. Jit #t
«?.
IxMingw* Itlw, 19a
Lob, 44.
Nur, ft.
. Mr. 160,
I.nuimU tfrtr, 100,
I Mi-.'U.U, Ml.
LlK'lllUttllLJO, 142.
I.UlMl.
LoflgS Bivort OOOt
l.nk. r
l.u Lceho, '251.
I.lllUtf», tn Igfal t.t
I I'ltiMllg, 2**'.
Pi
Lting Yughini I al ■ j
I
I yiH ii. r»|ii., ii.;*, 160,
M.u (emtio Plot in,
■'■'. 1 17.
INDEX.
Macusani, meteorological observations
at, 147.
Madagnsca E K. province of, 108,
Madeira River, 138.
Modrc de Dios River, 137.
Msguirc, Corporal, 98.
Mahal River, 222.
Mahomedabad, *_ >.
Mahun, 281.
Maibut, 276.
Maidan, 354.
Mainalc, 46.
Maiutialuks, 113.
Malaga rnzi River, 205.
Mslakshu, 3", 45.
Malaya in Cambodia, 314.
Siam, 298.
MaldoDado, Don Paustino, 137.
Mallani River, 97, 101.
Maltasa, Mr., 18G, 188.
Mamel-Knl, 158.
Mamoni River, 137.
Manakolana, 113.
Manambato, 113.
Maoambery, 112, 113.
Manchuria, coast of, 212 et aeq.
Manchus, 215.
Mandi, 13.
Manjur, 170.
Mankade, 100.
Mann, Dr. R. J., on the physical geo-
graphy and climate of Natal, 48 et
seq.
Mapothang, 27.
Marcapata, 118.
Marcoy, M. Paulo, 139.
. , Pablo, 118.
Mariga River, 99.
Maritzburg, SO et seq.
Martm't Glacier, 335.
Marnugu River, 203.
Masaliiwi. 100.
Masimik Post, 1,25.
M a,:- tb '. King, 92.
Maximowicz. M., 227.
Maxinga Mountains, SOI.
May, Port, 219.
Mazar, 45.
Mazitu. 195.
Medina ombarra, 174.
Meds, 273.
Mekom River, 236, 237.
Mekong, 310.
Mekran Coast, 77,270.
Menam Chaa Phya, 304.
Chao Phya River, 298.
Meruk, 3*6.
Mesopotamia, snrvey of part of, 160 et
seq.
Miakiang, 215.
Minsar, 13.
Mipal, 361,
TOL. XX2VU.
Missions, American, atDiarbekr, 1B3..
Mitak, 45.
Mittee, 68.
Moaga Mnlka, 174.
Modain, 177.
Monze, Cape, C8.
Moot River, 50.
Mouravieff, General, 223.
Muchoi, 350.
Muggur Pur, 339.
MuaTib, 345.
Mujdum, 179.
Mnkdnm, 179.
Ma-Lings, 263.
Mun, 346.
Muneyter, 173.
Munfath, 165.
Munji, 42.
Manora, 76.
Murusura River, 199.
Mutn, 177.
Nahimabad, 286.
Nabr Aeesa, 164.
Kuthiyeh, 177.
Malka, 170, 171.
NlhFWlD Caiiul, 170.
Nain, 276.
Nakhodka, 227.
Nakhonajok, 299.
Nakhonburi, 303.
Nakhon Siemrap, 301, 304.
Wat, 3U5, 307.
Narra, Eastern, 72.
Nasferan, 295.
Nasscrawa, 97.
Natal, Bay of. 55.
, physical geography and climate
of, 48 ft seq.
Nfttttfa Loombn, 360.
New-Toso, 268.
N i:i. 44.
Nicholayevsk,223.
Niger, rise of, 107.
Nilanir Pass. 13.
Nile, total course of, 211.
Niuguta, 225,
Niobra River, 10.
Niaeha, 26.
Nissd, 45.
Nitf Pass, 13.
Noh, 353, 354.
NossiW, 109.
Norogorodski, 214 et $eq.
Nowacote, 72.
Niibra River, 343.
Nokiu Fort, 15*.
Nuni Kuin, 355.
Nyassa, Lake, 194 et uq.
Oibnk, 36.
Olga Bay, 229.
^^
37') i\i -
. 43.
Qlloolivo, 119.
<>. 118, Ift9, 194
QoUUUmtM KWop, 19G.
-, Ttiftmrologieol !»!<■> Ilk ■■
IJuiluiwnntdn, 177, It*.
IS, MflL
(i. .
Jtaflo- jasi, 99, '
Opia, l'n
Kmnioudi, Yftit, A., oo riTor* of Cara-
OroroUu La. MX
bayo, lit.
Ott, -14".
.. »?3.
OdnS .i
JUkam. North, Pa**, 3X8. *30. aas.
Ouu-jcau, 211.
Rangoon, S.'JS, 333.
Oau* River, dclu of, 152 c< w?.
RdaHn*, 27;.\
Kit Choulor, 971
Pacafmti. ISO,
Km TU. I'M, S7S.
■ lilt ■ It-it rultipnil uliHi<rv:i!J<iii\
lLirtlinnoii, Cnieral. 164.
it 141,
Paira, luichi of,
, Mr.. 17(1.
Ray no, 3*1.
PoJ.SlO, 363,355, 358.
-, 3«C.
Polca, la I.
K I*. 24.
i
ittrnJa, 98, L00.
Itolnt, 179,
Pa Loon. 860-
, 114.
pBB« l.iiliin, 1, '."..
Bonclicr. Dr., 194.
Pangong 1*ak*t |f 343 »' a*p,
BOMI
0, 10,
Raahn KlviT. fl
IS, 43,
Radkhuu filter,
TajwiuJiiTa, 109.
Btulok, 1 .. . ■ ■aft.
I'm. ji
IuiK.Ku Plain, l.l.
Pcawm, I.ikv. 331.
■
Pecl.n G ■ rfj ISO.
&atbwiniy«h, l'l. 13 1
. 2 12.
lVkm. til.
firtiwuij, 3M. :8t.
PcBftl ■
ftrliimuar*, 13$.
Penompflin, J08, 910, 319,
1 If?.
Pervii i. i. ;<ln i;>,'U>mo, 198.
Sobanip.ino, 1 13.
— — . Munov-1 Gmulbo, iwm.
Ssif u I>m. IS&
PenSm, Efiutarn, iMci*^
1'ii: i >. 140.
SaiorUrop.
. Mr., 909.
SaMnwiyrh, Id H *r?.
1
93.
Phi Sob ■•■'!. 80ft
. 1 .am, 339.
rin.i Hi.. I- 1-: , i i.
Sale Glacier, 338,
I1;,,., oIl i.
Mountain, 334.
Phvftcua liiv..r, i;n.
PEtim*, ■■■;.
Saluco Hi\cr, 237.
Bu Trifta Rirw, 148.
Pilnlargnth, .1%.
MM.
Pbtattl iflftr, 137.
8»Djran, 129.
1 '"-1 •- 1' !l. 134.
SanOa'uu River, Mr. d any.
Pialrfi, 50.
tfau Jo*e >lc IMUr^ta. iHcorolaffari
PiitkaD, 9W,
obnar.jtioi,B ai,
n, .. 11, 17 ■ 1,
Poll MVtft 1". 19.
0, ISO.
1 i ]'u*. UL
Sonju Dlwan. i/.
Poabrftuu. 7, 40.
. ' art, 119.
SwfnltaJ,
PeMivtic, an, 91?.
I'om-I ii,t-:..,, -J.'.*.
il 99.
I'll. In 1 , ■
PaB, 13.
Pondrv, 980.
, 155.
I'm I.I. ,.■,-,■, 339.
Sartr, ao.
Pur •■ i:-v. -.. i.e.
. -70.
P ■
' v. C OUDdCT, |
Puvjiol n,i RW«r, us, 148.
■
167,
^tvw&^vV, VA.
INDEX,
371
Stall, 214.
Sepbarraim, 179.
Seppnra, 179.
Serra Muchiugun. 200, 202.
Sorter, 164 at **j.
Shadulii. 11, 36 45.
Shuishebar. 174.
Shan- Alio Mom tain-. 214, 217.
Sliau-foug-sh&Q, 255.
Shang Shiho, 242.
Sliat-el-Hye, 178.
Shat-co-Necl, 178.
Shayok River, 343.
Sliebak, 173.
She- Ling, 261.
Shook River, 10.
Sheriut-el-Heytha, 160.
ShibbiJ, 1 73.
Shikapoor, 71.
Shimftl, 4S.
Sbingshal, 10.
Slii-ftliaa, 243, 250,
Shuia Lake, 201.
Biam, 298.
Siemrap, 306, 308, 309.
Siji, 99.
Sikotaalin, 224.
Silt in Indus, amount of, 86.
— , instrument for ascertain-
ing (In.' quantity of, 84.
Siluug. 353.
Sind, <■-'•:.
, supply of vster in, 338.
Ku.'.n-.!. 164, 169.
Sitaco. 170.
Sittaki, 162, 168, 170.
Sirhao, 175.
Sink su, 33.
Sir-i-Yezd, 278.
Sisnphi'm, 303.
Sisuro Point, 215.
Skardo.350,351.
Smith. Major M.. 274.
Socallacocha, 120.
Sogai. 46.
Sokwa. 97, 101.
Sooliman Range, 68.
Soor-el-Bostan, 175.
Sooruf, -281.
Sowar, 24.
Speke, Capt., 193 et seq.
Stewart, Colonel P., 270.
Sr. Jiisc de Bellavista, 129.
Streytinsk, 223.
Sudijah, 234.
Suifun River, 222, 224,
Sukhr-Kechy, 173.
Snl.ii Diwan, 19.
Sukkur. 68-70, 73.
SulmanPnk, 175.
Sunday River, 50.
Sundu'gu, 226.
Sungachan River, 222, 224.
Sungari River, 224.
Sureen, 305.
Surtokh, 845.
Susa, 168.
Sutlej. 235.
Swatch, of Ganges, 82.
Tabeah, 178.
Tagar, 40, 344.
Tah-rud, 281.
Tak, 7.
Takai, 101.
Takht i-Nadir, 289.
Tak Kesra, 75.
Takla Makan Desert, 5.
Taku, 245.
Taldyk River, 154.
Ta-lu River, 217.
Taiupyac'-Ayngi', 152, 153.
Tnnogar, 101.
Tanganyika Luke, 193 it seq.
Tnnkse, 344, 349.
Tanksi, 1, 23.
Tanshokd, 46.
Tarim Hirer, 5.
Tash, 28.
Ta She Wo, 258.
Tat an are, meteorological observations
at, 149,
Tegyina, 93, 100.
Teheran, 274.
Tel Abu Shinaeen, 181.
— Dthuhba, 181.
— Hubboos, 181.
Ibrahim, 160.
Kuneeseh, 169.
Oraer, 175.
Teiipin.353.
Teow-oiea, 252.
Teramakau Pasa, 328.
Tette, 198.
Thawaspkuli. 290.
Thaii-niwa, 100.
Thian Shan Mountains, 13.
Thu-dnk, 311.
Tien-tsin, 252.
Tikse, 1, 22.
Titicaea, Lake, 110.
Tobo Nokpo, 357.
Tongaati Hirer, 62.
Tcno River, 137.
Torlesse. Mount, 331.
Towaibvh, 178.
Tr.iuMinir Mnr 'I'm.. : l.V
Treiiiinlieerc, Colonel C W".. on River
Indue, 68 et seq.
Tsiji, 100.
Tsinfr dynasty, mausolea of, 2<i3.
Tso Nyok, 353, 354.
— Rum, 354.
Tsothang, 27.
TmUk, 45.
Tngeli Hvtr, M>.
Tnggu Nuggu. 347.
Tuna HI ef, . i- ■< ■ v-
Tiirifi: pu niiirii. Jl.\
Tuiitjiiiiimio RiviT, li*.
I, iv
"T6.
Turuor. Mr.. 361.
Tu»lic-ba», 114.
TutJolik, M.
■ .ii Riffar, 19 •
■ kn Mount, l^.'-.
Udoug,'3ll, 3U.
Darin. 134. M6.
ill :.i ■■ i. 19, M,
L'ublHl'l IsV
i Eft] SOttBgl liivwr, 4ft, 15.
I Rtvor. iv.
Uratuariual River, 0X«
ttaiamfiunt' River, I 9
. sa.
Unwimkulu IE
Unffwot-t»n» .
: : 1 1 >. h;iIit OOVmOOlOllUOU i::.
SM.
Up»UV, M.
Uraoftkail), 4, 7.
lugsr, 41.
.rah! »fmw|.wonl, IS.
Uwiuof, fct m.
Dtogft IS6
-(ID. 196.
-'.'I
Mdftrj in Wkmnd, 7.
N'jruua. 803, 207.
\ iL uiotfti U9.
Vo»I, Dr., 06.
VoJumaM, U«.
TVa.i>«i*poo-Shan. 285.
01,
TVnitolii Jii.ryr. .1.17.
Wih|rol Paw, 17.
..3.10,331.
Wuoka,, 33",
VTttftka LaIe», 3M.
Wang-chin^, *JI4.
WiDE-flbirii-To, 34L
VV»po.
Wiii U, 3. L
I, 100.
Wftritm. »«.
W«l«lcll. Dr., LtH
Wtcncn, 60.
H l t. | ;g,
Pto*
Wfeng XftB, 324.
Vladimir, Port. -'2*.
WUdiroatOflk, 319.
VToltOUa'l Mill, 83.
Wfttaif. too
Stoophoo, kt, iro,
Yakakodak, U.
^■Iciiii, MM,
Yftngi IViwan, 46.
lUllplIT
ihftbar, ?. 4?.
Yaugprf, 17.
Yang-tato, SU tt v^.
Yaraaiid. 7. 40.
YcWjiia, ua.
tlut>M4
.2:5. STfi.
rotpftta, iv4
Viim.iu. 'i32. «CW7.
Yin.: :. I3t, 120.
coca, Itt,
YuacflijcU, WJ.
Ziijiinpnl. 36.
ZtlBO Uu. 278.
Za«lt*M, * .
Sunflm, Kmgi of. ion
/.H...M, '.It..
. Kings of. 1U2.
■
Zhao ICuwb, 99.
i. 17, 33.
Ettotluu
Ziuurn ,
Inbtj 104.
Zop La
bkp or VOL. XXXVII.
losi*.*: ncrrvo or w,
(n.nn ami* Kcw, tTAMroao oroitrr,
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