The Journal of the Royal geographical society ... General index to the second ten volumes of the Journal of the Royal geographical society

Google

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world’s books discoverable online.

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired, Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google’s mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at[http: //books . google .com/|

JOURNAL

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY,

| VOLUME THE FORTY-SEVENTH.

EDITED BY THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY.

LONDON:

SOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
st

212769

‘Lowpon :
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AMD SOmS,
STAMTORD STREET AyD CUAEINO CHORE,

( iit)

CONTENTS OF VOL. XLVII.

[oa ped gees iment ycbegl we re
lisaten, sd Yalows’ eat ry Cornpendig av

List of Public pire | w which copies of the ‘Journal *
Oxi

‘are presented
Individuals to whom tha Royal Promiuma, &c., havo bem awarded .. xv
‘Prowntation of Gold Medals, be... Re one Rail
‘Anniversary Address, hy Sir Rotsxuvonp Acoock, cn, D0. &e, cxxxill

[8.B. The Authors sre alone responsible for the contents of thelr reepective paper]

PAOR

erie,
1.—On_the Buried Cities in the Shifting Sands of the Great a m

Gobi. By Sir T. Dovaras Forsyra, X.c.t, 1

uv

8.—Recent Je is Medecncse soln eat
Journeys . lov. Jomerit

hse ee ae) ee ao! ST

4—On the Distribution of Sale in ths Ocean, as indented by the Seite
eet a its Waters, pri: . Boonaxax, Chemist Fhy-
the Chailenger Ex) pedition °
See eet Journey in Great’ from Leh in Ladékh:
to Tibéss, and of hiv Return to India wid Aswan, Dy Caplain H.
ah fewipes les, wt, joe) py int owe
6.—Notes on = Dake of York Group, New Britain, and New Ireland,
By Re Saas
7.—Colonel ’s Expodition to China in 1874-5. Abridged
and abana fom the Russian, by Capt. F. 0, H. Clarke, 5
Member of the Geographical Sociaty of St Patersburg =...) 180.

Ss ae from Jnsk to Bampiir. By E. A. Proven, egal
Civil Service Uncov., Persian Gulf Twlegraphs .. 188

@—Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps. By Gronax
Ousworrn Mowrens, Retired Commander, nx... -. ., .. 201
10.—Notes on some af tho Physical and Goological Pontures of the
‘Tranwvnal, to ncoompany his now Map of tho ‘Transvaal and
‘surrounding Vorritorics, By Frupmox Jerry, yas, .. .. 217
a2

( ww)
anriouxs, Pace
11.—The Desert of Atacama (Bolivia). By Jooran Harpmea, a.to.n. .. 250
12—The Kinganh River, Hast Attica, By Faxorarex, Houawooo,
Assistant-Political Agent, Zanzibar... ws
18—Geoprapby and Resources of Newfoundlind. By Ausxaxorn
14.—Report of a Jeisniy across the Island of Newfoundland, undertaken
at the instance of his Excellency Sir J. H. Glover, from the south-
Wwost arm of Groon Bay, oid Gold Cove in White Bay, to the east
am of Bonne Bay. By Staf-Commander Grouor Honineox, nx. 278

Cr ee ee ee eT ee er a

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1, Mutzexs .. .. South-East Madagascar to face 47
2% ys ae Went Madagascar. » 68
«1. North Madagascar » 67

. Physical Map of World »

«. Section of Atlantic Ocean... » 79

«» Section of Pacific Ocean .. » 81

«+ Nain Singh’s Route in Great Tibet » 87

.- Bouth-East Persia. 189

w Bolivia. ww toy 201

- ‘Transvaal eee » 217

. Dest of Aticame (elvis) oy 251

. Kingani River... =n 288

13, Munnar .. .. Newfoundland 1» 267

14. Rosinsox .. ., Newfoundland .. «. «0 ew n» 279

Ropal Geographical Society,
1877.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL,
Reap ar Tae Awstversany Mexrixe oy rae 28rH May.

‘Tux Council have the pleasure of submitting to the Fellows
the Annual Report on the financial and general
conilition of the Society.

Members—The number of new Fellows added to the roll of
the Society during the year ending April 30th is 292, besides
one Honorary and two Honorary Corresponding Members. In
the previous year (1875-6), the number of new Fellows was
266 ; in 1874-5, 294; andin 1873-4, 342, On the other hand,
there have been removed by death 66, by resignation 43, and
by default of subscription 45: making the net increase 138.
Tn the year 1875-6 the net increase was 149; in 1874-5, 202;
and in 1873-4, 177. ‘The Society has lost also by death
4 Honorary Corresponding Members. ‘The total number of
Fellows (exclusive of Honorary) on the list, April 80th, was
3295, of whom 760 were Life Members.

Finances—The total net income of the Society for the
financial year ending Bist of December, 1876 (exclusive of
Palance in hand and special Parliamentary grant), was
86111 11 8d., of which 71097. 11s. consisted of the subscrip-
tions of Fellows. These amounts compare favourably with

vi

the same iftté of previous years: thus in 1875 the income
was 7934/, 15s. 10d., and subscriptions 64411. 11s. In 1874,
TOLIL Ue/10d. and 64257. 1s. 6d.; and in 1873, 67521. 48, 4d.
and 56491: 198, 6d.

The /net expenditure, as will be seen by the annexed
Balance-sheet, was 687UJ. 13s. 1d. In the previous year it was
5689. 48, 10d. Part of this increase is due to the greater
‘émbunt spent on Expeditions, viz, 10542. 92. as compared with
6211. 88. 4d., and the rest chiefly to the greater cost of the
.publications and maps. No money was invested within the
year.

The Finance Committee of the Council have, as in former
years, held their Monthly Meetings, supervising the accounts
of the Society. The Annual Audit was held in April, the
Auditors, whose signatures are appended to the annexed
Balance-sheet, being the Right Hon. Lord Cottesloe and Sir
Rawson W. Rawson, on behalf of the Council, and General
Sir George Balfour, u.p., and H. Jones Williams, Esq., on
behalf of the Fellows, The thanks of the Council and of
the Society at large are due to these gentlemen, for having
freely devoted eo much of their valuable time to this arduous
task.

Mace Renn Saparesagscesnasneds~

caeuaacugsastesassasseiacitee

ni ae
Lill caecasesyseseeseass BgE

SeSSehGebes

tt
So Seeeccosesocouxce
2° tonangecysacocencr *

"BE ‘SSREESEEEEEE

sseganaccens

S725 2 Gabe a as eas

Report of the Council.
Srarexexr showing the Recerers and Exrexnrrone of the Society from

tbe Year 1846 to the Bist Deo. 1876.

rE 3 re ap aa

i

‘SrarHresr of Asurrs—dlet December, 1876.

and Furniture, eatizated

‘}

Freehold Honse,
(exclusive of Mestions

and Library).

Map Cal
ery
‘Cent, Stock

vin.
og

Steck
‘London |

irant of 80002. towards the

Deo. Stot, 1876,

} 1800 9 0
m1 1000 0 0
1000 0 0

Heed} 4900 0 0

"} 1000 0 0

sy t por Cont, Dobouturo

-, £1000 0 0

y 4 per Cont,

¥ 4 per Cont. Debontare:

en ain

jostorn

(hevts Beqnens
a Nera
(Murchison Bequest)

Debenture Stock
North-Bastera Railwo;
Ls
‘Cent. Capital Stock
‘of the Cumeron Ex

‘Marth Racha Bille
Balance at Bank and in band .

Great Indian Peninsula Fiailway Guaron

‘Todin
Great |
* This eum includes the

Chie

ee. |

viii Royal Geographical Society.

Publications —The 46th yolume of the ‘Journal’ will be
published during the prosent week, the issue having been
delayed this year owing to the necessity of including Colonel
©. G. Gordon's important Map of the connection of the Nile
with the Equatorial Lakes, and its accompanying Paper, which
were presented by its author after the rest of the ‘Journal’
was ready for publication. Volume 20 of the ‘Proceedings’
has been completed, and three parts of Volume 21 issued to
the Fellows, since the last Anniversary.

Livingstone Aid Expeditions—The large amount expected to
be charged in the present Balance-sheet, on account of Ligutenant
Cameron's Expedition, for which the Fellows were prepared in
last year's Report, was huppily reduced to moderate proportions
in consequence of the liberality of Her Majesty's Government,
who sanctioned a grant of 30002, towards the exponses of this
truly national undortaking. ‘Tho sum paid out of the Society's
funds on this account, as will be seen by the Balance-sheet,
was only 10547. 9s, There are still some outstanding bills
which will appear, it is expected, in the next Balance-sheet :
and on the credit side, also, there will appear the amount
(4501) produced by the cale, a few weeks ago, of the echooner
which brought Lieutenant Cameron’s followers from Loanda to
Zanzibar.

Trbrary.—739 books and pamphlets have been added
to tho Library during the past year, 585 (including all the
pamphlets) being donations, and 204 purchased. Besides
these, and without reckoning newspapers, 1214 separate parts
or numbers of periodicals, ‘Transactions, Reports, &c., have
been received. 26 whole volumes and 55 separate parts have
been obtained by gift in, or towards, completion of defective
series,

Tn addition to the numerous pamphlets and small works put
into covers on the Society's premises, 813 volumes have been
bound and 44 repaired during the past year.

‘The sum of 1087. 12s, 2d. bas been expended by the Library
Committee in purchasing books, and the further sum of
TIAL, 6, 6d, in binding.

Among the more important accessions are :—Michaud’'s

Report of the Council. ix

Biographia Universelle (45 vols.); the whole of the publien-
tions resulting from the voyage of ‘the Austrian frigate Novara
round the earth (presented by the Austrian Government on the
lication of Dr, Karl von Scherzer); the completion of the
like works of the Swedish frigate Hugenie (presented by the
R. Swedish Academy of Sciences); Giglioli’s Viaggio intorno
al Globo della Magenta (presented by the Author) ; a collection
of 17 African grammars, dictionaries, und vocabularies, by
Crowther, Koelle, Krapf, Schén, Reichardt, and others (pre-
sented by the Church Missionary Society, through E. Hutchinson,
Esq.) ; Mr. W. H. Hooper's private journals of the voyages of
the Hela anil Griper, &e., in search of a North-West cy
6 vols. (presented by W. E. P. Hooper, Esq.); the 5 vols, now
published of the 9th edition of the Eneyclopwdia Britannica
“by Messrs. Black and Co.); Pissis’s Geografia fisien

de | a ae by the Chilian Minister, per T. K. Weir,
ae ‘Sir T. are Report of the Mission to Yarkund,
‘873, Hunter's statistical account of Bengal in 5 vols,
Biiatevabapradis. ysis Gclionl4. and Durpoors
of Kathinwar and Kachh (presented by H.M-Secre-
tary of State for India, with many other valuable books and
papers); the Duc de Luynes' Voyage d'Exploration la mer
Morte; Bancroft’s Native races of tho Pacific; the wanting
volumes of the Collection des Guidos-Joanne; the Zoology of
the Voyage of the Herald ; Wallace's Geographical distribution
of animals (presented by the Author); Rodriguez's El Maraton,
1654 (presonted by Col. G. E. Charch); the true travels of
Captaine John Smith, 1680 (prosented by W. Chandleas, Haq.) ;
the Atlasos to Oaillaud’s Voyage & Méroé; the Lucknow Album
by EB. Bickers, Esq.); the completing parts of

vol. i amd all vol. ii. of Reclus’ Géographie Universelle
(presented by the Author); and two Albums of photographs of
Adelaide (presented by the S. Australian Government, per J.

» Hisq.).

‘The whole of the Library has now been re-arranged and press-
marked ; and the room afforded by the recently-added presses
will permit of additions, at the present average rate, for two or
three years.

A second supplemental Catalogue, to inelude acquisitions
from January, 1871, to December, 1876, inclusively, is now in

x Royal Geographical Society.

course of preparation, having been suthorized by the Council
‘on the recommendation of the Library Committee.

“The Library coutinues to be much consulted by Fellows of
the Society, private students, authors, and officers of the pablic
departinente,

—The accessions to the Map-Room Collection
since the last Anniversary comprise 391 Maps on 1420 Sheets;
5 Atlases, containing 73 Maps ; of these 10 Maps and 2 Atlases
are by purchase. 10 Diagrams have been constructed on the
establishment, and 3 others have been added by purchase.

Among the most important acquisitions are:—602 Sheets of
the Ordnance Survey Maps of Great Britain, on various scales;
presented by the First Commissioner of Works, through Major-
General Cameron, Director. 78 British Admiralty Charts;

ited by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, through
Captain F. J. Bans, on. Hydrographer. 54 French Admiralty
Charts; prosonted by the Dépét des Cartes et Plans de la Marine,
328 Shoots of various India Topographical Surveys; presented
by HM. Secretary of State for India, through the India Office,
88 Sheets of the Spezial-Karte der Oesterreichisch-Ungarischen
Monarchio, scale yyisri by purchase, 18 Sheets of ‘Tracings,
presented by Colonel ©. G. Gordon, of the Nile between Berber,
Khartum, and the Victoria Nyanza. Maps issued by General
Stone, Chief’ of the General Staff, Cairo; prepared by the
Officers of the Khedive's Expedition to the Upper Nile, Darfur
and Abyssinia. 81 Sheets of Norwegian Maps and Charts;
presented by l'Institut Géographique de la Norvége. 7 Sheets
of the Topographical Survey of Sweden; presented by Colonol
V. von Vegeanek, Director. Maps of E. Giles's Exploration in
Australia ; prepared in the Surveyor-General’s Office, Adelaide,
and presented by HLM. Secretary of State for the Colonies.
Maps showing Professor Nordenskiold’'s Tracks on the Kara Sea
and to the mouth of the River Obi, in 1875-6, Map of Bosnia,
Herzegovina, Servia, and Montenegro, on 12 Sheets. Sheets
of the Swedish Geological Survey; presented by Otto Torell,
Director. Maps of the State Geological Survey of California ;
presented by J. D. Whitney. Map to illustrate the History of
the Geography of Peru, prior to 1553, by Don Antonio Rai-
mondi. 36 Sheets of the Topographical Atlas of Switaerland ;

aR xi

showing the direction and probable intensity of the Winds in
the North Atlantic Ocean, by Lieutenant L. Brault, French
Navi ted by J. F. Imray, Esq. Geological Map of
by A. Geikie, uu.p; presented by Messrs. W. and A.
K. Fret Publishers. Mont Blanc, by E. Viollet le Duc;
purchased. Map of Persia, compiled by Captain St. John, 2.
on 6 Sheets. Map of Durkistanand the adjoining Countries, by
Colouel J. S. Walker, ne., 4 Sheets. 3 Parts of Spruner’s
Atlas of Medieval Geography; presented by Justus Perthes,
Gotha. Maps and Photographs by U.S. Geological and Geo-
graphical Survey of the Territories; presented by Dr. F. V.
Hayden, Director. Map of European Russia, on 12 Sheets ;
Native Map of Chinese Turkistan; presented by
HL Kopech, Esq. Sheets of the Topographical Atlas of Den-
mark ; presented by the Royal Danish Ministry of War, through
Count yon Bulow. Maps by Dr. Petermann from the Geogra-
‘Mittheilungen. Physical and Statistical Atlas of the
German Empire, Part I. ; purchased.

Grants to Travellers.—Instruments have been lent in the past
two years to the following travellers :—Mr. E. D, Youxa, rw,
proceeding to Lake Nyassa to form a Missionary Settlement
at Livingstonia, a complete Set of Instruments; amounting to
95%, 17s. Gd. ‘These have now been transferred to the care of
Dr. James Stewart, in charge of that Station—W. L. Warts,
Esq. 2.2.08. Visit to Toeland, two aneroids and one compass
(prismatic); value 147—Capt. Atomy Yours, nxn, Arctic
Regions, Smith Sound: one pocket chronometer; boiling-water
apparatus; three B. P. thermometers; one artificial horizon
‘4nd a mercurial barometer, both on Capt. 0. George's pattern ;
value, 42,—Mr. H. B. Correrrr, Visit to Lake Nyassa: one
Prismatic compass; boiling-water apparatus; and two B. P.
thermometers; a watch by Brock; value, 24.—Capt. Anurw
Youso, mx.8., Voyage up Smith ‘Sound to the Arctic Ex-
ploring ; a mercurial barometer, Capt. C, George's

pattern; boiling-water apparatus, and two B, P. thermometers ;

a

xii Report of the Council.

a pocket chronometer; bottle of mercury; value, 291.—Rev.
Q. W. Txomson, Esst Coast of Africa: boiling-water appa-
ratus, and 2 B. P. thermometers; value, 5/.—Lieut. C, Con-
GREVE, B.N., Paraguay, South America: a sextant, 6 in.;
artificial horizon, large, Capt. C. George's pattern; value, 151.

Report of the Council.

‘ORVITTI SANOE "E

YISEEOS —(pouB) “LURK “se md “pnssoo panos pu pera ‘sxo00 aT sore o®)

| & gt ogo‘aily
0 0 o00's
“ket ‘9 “qed wo ‘pang onde woman | % OT ¢¥ |————|

aq 04 pauapaess “J0006 30 30H. Least
smiund wpedg oq) separouy ane Lew | Li ace

List ‘9 “Got wo puns worpodeH
aot
9 Lr

1 8 964! ————
a ee
TE LT 99264]

sr es {Rate “wowou-yien pay wopuory

—HNep ay

0

8

8

0

0

g
6 o ese 0
@ 81 6t0'S | S10 0094p,
8 8 089 + toot eouugnd
#8 61 a8 + QoUeApY Ut Prey.
a a : 2 ak oma eg ak
9 +I Or { pt ewan d}s2t yg
0 LT tot 9 8 SHO'r deemiaise: eae
H H fort (pequesaid you sonboyo Suyonpep)
+ 8 8 SLST “COC W91E spusy sroqayg Uy COUNTER
pts ”

“DLR

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.

Patron.
HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
‘PicePatron,
HIS ROYAL HIGHSESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G., K,T.. K.P, 6.0,
key Key

Bonorary-Prsident.
HIS ROYAL MGHNESS THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH, K.G., KT, G.CAL, tee Son
COUNCIL.
ELBGTED am MAY, 177)
‘President,
Avcoos, Sir Rutherford, K.GB. D.C Ly, tes.
- Giee- Presidents,
Corresion, The Right Hon, Lord, Rawunaon, Major, Sir Honry C.

‘Mme, Admiral Sir Aleander, EOD.
CH, rr Venxey, Sir Harry Cy Bart,

PSAs dee,

Manus, Clements Ky Eeqo, Cy ERS. || Mason, Richard Henry, Eaq., PSA,
~ Aoreign Secretary.—Roweert, Lord Arthur, M.P.

‘Blembers of Council.
Batt, John, Eaq., F-RS, Keswawar, Sir Joho H., Bart, MP.
‘Broorrox, Hon. 0. C. MacKnexon, Wy faq.
Boxtox, Sir T. Fowell, Bart, > M‘CiawrooK, Admiral Ste F. Leopohl,
Conn, Robert Needham, Haq. - FBS.
‘Bua, Sir Barrow Hx. K.C.S. ~sabcsal agate

Rawr, Sir Rawson W., K.0.M.G.,0.8,
a eRe BES Yo ao, Admiral Gt Geos A OBS
Paces, James, Baq., F.L.3. FRE

Foustrn, ST. Dongles, K.CS1y C2, | Serwoun, H. Danby, Kay,

Garros, Francis, Boy, FLAS, Sitvmn, S. W., Esq.

Gmawr, Col Jat. ACB, CSLWRS. || Sreacuuy, General Ry C31, PRE,
Grimes, Maj-Gen. Sir W. H.R KCI. || Your, Colonel Henry, C.B.

‘Bankers —Meetrs, Coons, Brooorvn, and Co., 43, Charing Crom
‘Gesisiaet Secretary und Editor of Transactions —H. W. Bares, Es, PLS,

Came d

sy

IA YOR

HONORARY AND HONORARY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
1878.

HONORARY,
Poilro Il., ga of Brasil.

Don Francisco
Cona, igor ‘Guido, 17 Via- Fea
Convo, His Exoellency Senbor ta :
Al
Dasa, Professor Juanes De, New Haven,
‘Conoecticut
Dovevnine, Me fain s

Farowennt, Général
Figantéee, Commander Jorge Ceasar,

i Berlin
xan, Jose da Silva Mendes, Miniatar of the
Colonies ‘sbon

Laxawr Pasha... 4. Alexandria
Maire, Mes in be Petersburg
jaure-Buus, M, V. A., Hon, See, Geogr,
Boe, Of. ae vee Pavia

ait
LH. Jomail Pacha, '

it

i Sea tal ey Sl a

HM. Omar I, King of Swodeo and
Norway.

Muza Marco Kuax, His Exeaiency,
(Persian Minister "

Neaat, Chevalier San
Prancenco dt

Contrada
Paola, No, pe 2s, Tae
Novy, View-Admiral Haron de
oltre le

‘PANDO, His Excellency Don ena ims
4 Republic of ea a

‘STKRAANN, Drs Augustus J.
Pusarer, Dr. Rodolfo Armando “cut

Frackfort
‘Sie yrs
Souvrten, Evanne, Sec. Us &. Legation,
pink ee eae

Wiener Neustadt...
Storms Gea

semovi, Bt Oto, ic
feta ae M dy
a

Chev. de,

Varooncraios i Siva, Dr. Alfielo Casix
iro do Rio de Janeiro
Winnenn, tant gi wa
Miran, J. z
California), Cabri
Wireeen, Count ne
Zrwoet, M, Js Me ve ve

( xvii )

FELLOWS.
* «asrs.)

¥.B,—Those having * preceding their namer hove compound for Kise,

GE ESSERE EERH5S FES FEES

Abbett, Major-General Saunders, 2, Fefershone-terrace, Qecew' gate, &.W.
Abbott, Won. 8. Dy Bay.
Abd-fil-Rasak Bey. Vural Colieye, Alecandein,
‘Abdy, Rey. Albert, sa. Broai-st., Stamford ; and Omted Uninernity Chea, 8. W.
Aberdare, Hight Hon. Land, 1, Queew'sgute, &W ; and Dufryn, Aberdare,
Gbrsorgauhire,

Abinger, W. V, Scarlett, Lord, Owards’ Oba, 5.17,
Abrahaes, Iersel, Kay 56, Racillspacre, WiC.
Aahewoe, Frederich, Haq, cx, Wooden Brisye, Co, Wistlow,
Adland, Dr. Henry, wns, 0.0L, 4.0, Oxford.

$0 Acland, J. Daston Arunlel, Ey. Mowst Peet, Canterbury New Zest, Osre
Of A. Mills, Eoqn 34, Uylerporb-gordiew, W.
‘Adland, Sir Thos. Dyke, Hart, 4. Xilleriom, Ravter ; and Athenwun Cid,
Acland, Liestenant W. A. Dyte, nx. Core of Dr. I. Ackand, Cxfort,
Adstes, Fras, 0, ny, (Seoretary of Ebay). Poris,
Aten, Wa Ion Eade Core of Areas. G. Hi, Payne ami Cow 19d U9, Foe
archeatredt, B.C.

Atwar, Wun. Maurice, Esq. 19, Besstorenghajaritons, 8.5,
Abdesley, Avgasins J., Kay. 3, Poroheteragate, Mydespark, W.
Adene, Copt. B.S mx. 28, Katomploce, & We
‘Aiking, Thomas, Boq. 7M. Consu at Nevwehanang, China,
Agar, Ae Poy Req, Care of Moses. Grindlay un! Cry G5, Farliament-etrect, 8.W.
20 Ainslie, Colonel HL. Vroncis, Burlingtomehambers, 180, Picoaililly, W.; end
‘Taited Service Cut, SW.

“*Alneworth, W. Fa, 1s. 75.8, Roveascourt-cilla, Newroos, Hammersmith, W.
Aird, David Alfred, Big. 2, Sussex garctons, W.; ani 7, Pigtree-eoset, Templo, F.C.
Ain, Right Hon. Earl of, xx. Holly-ludye, Cumpuen-hitl, Kensington, Ws
Aitehinon, David, Esq, 5, Pewbeidyessyuare, Boyroster, W.
Aitken, Russell, Eoq. 26, Great Gooryenatreet, 5.1.
Abrey, Colonel Blward, Bank Fett, Halifax, Yorks

| PAlbemarie, Right Hon. Earl of, 11, Grosvewrsyuare, W.
Kall, Larlingford, Norfolk ; ond Elvedon-hull, Suifitt.
Alcock, Si Rutherford, Ken. 0.0:1., dec. 14, Great Queen-strect, Weatminater,
BAW) and Athenawen Chub, 8,
*Abdam, Willinm, Bey. Prictley-hall, near Doncaster,

YL XLVI. 6

iddenhawee

ee

ei |

xviii List of Follows of the
Youtat

Pad

1865 | $0 Aldom, Joveph B. Eaq., 2.4.) 111-0. Sohway-louse, Leyton, Reve,

1857 | Aldrich, Captain Kobert D., xa. Windmilloroad, Croydon, Surrey.

1830 Aleannder, General Sir Jas, Rdiy K.catithy PalteAMyy Polity die, (U4th Mgt).
nited Service Club, 8.W. 5 and Westerton-house, Bridge of Aitany Nos

1873 Alexander, W,, Faq, Care of Metre. Grindlay and Co., 55, Parliament-street,

1874 | Aleaanderton, Capt Carl. Cireof Meiars, Hirano, Giles ancd Son, 35, Cratchod
Friars, B.C.

1870] Alford, Tewia, Boy. 2, Zittle Love-lane, E.0,

1978 | Alison, Jumes, Haq. Devonshire Ci, St. Famer's, 8.

tera| Allan, G, W., Raq. Moen Park, Toronto, Canada, Care of Major Aylmer,
Termywatreet, 8. We

187th *Alleroft, John D., Kg. 108, Lanoaster-gate, W.; Harlington, Middlesew
‘Btobssay, Shropahine,

1874 Allen, C.F. Ra aq, HM, View-Consal, Shanghai, Cure of G. B, Allen, Btu
4, Paper-buildings, B.C.

1854 | 40 Allea, C. H., Bog. 1, Wert-hith, Highgate,

1876| Allen, Horbort J., Eaq., HLM. Consul, Chinkiong. 10, The Norton, Tenby).

1805 Allen, James Pearce, aq. 13, Waterloo-plaoe, 8. W.

187 Allen, John Seymour, Kaq. Woodslald, Pembroke and Bailtiot Collage, Oxford.

1872] Allen, Thos, By faq. 40, Regent sparkroud, N.W.

1862) *Almeda, Emannel de, Raq, 11, Ayde-pardigarctons, W.

1870 | Alstoue, John, Hoy. Westernervad, Fortivgreen,

177 | Alt, W. J., Ksq. Willesley, Crombrooke, ont ; and Thatohed-house (Wb, Ste

Famed'esireat, 8.We

1876] Altschul, Dr, As, 22m, IHST.§. 9, Old Bondatraet, W,

1676] Ambler, Vincent, Hinq., a0, Chleitloroute, Obfeillespuare, Boyneater, We

1874| 50 Ames, Capt, Lionel Nevillo Frederick, The Hyde, Harpenden,

1875| — Ameuney, Professor Antonius, r.n.as, 67, Seymour-street, Hyte-park, Wo

1872 | Amatel, Jonkhoer J. W. Plone Van, aq: (Knight of the Onder of the Netherland
Lion, and His Netherland Majesty's Cons-Gen, for the Austenlian Colonicn and

New Zealand), Keieeragrscht, No. 163, Amsterdam, Qare of Messrs. Hokie,

Borman and Coy 12%, Lantenholistreot, B.C.

1854] Ancona, J. 8, Kaq. 8, Johnestrovt, Adelphi, W.C.

1874 | —Anilersou, Alex. Dunlop, Eaq. Ardsheal, Ballachulish, Arpyleshire,

1874 Anderson, Ge0., Keg. Depaty Inspector-Gonaral of Army Hospitals, Care of
Sir Charles MGrigor and Co,, Charies-stroct, 8,W

1867 Anderson, Sit Henry L., xcs. Tndiaoffiee, 8, W.

1971 | Andervon, Sir Jamon 16, Warrington-srescent, W,

1862 | Anderson, James, Keq. 1, Bidliter-court, City, B.C.

1678 Andereon, Rey Kings 27, St Holen’eplace, B.0,; and Hankow, China,

10. Horso-Guards, Whitehall, $W, ; anit Funioe

1970 Anderson, Wan. Jas, Hage ‘Bans Soh, Neslands, near Cape Tien, Cape of Good
3 Care of Messrs. Sinclair, Hamilton and Co, 1%, St, Holen's-place,

BESERES 355%

Royal Geographical Society. xix

Atsberon, Colonel W. W. 15, Westhournespsare, Bepnrater ; col Lalefielt
Glen Urqudart, Incermess.

Asirew, Capt, Chas, W. 9, Foriey-rond, Bristin,
“Andrew, William P., Eaq, 20, Brywnstermsqware, W.

Aadrews, @.11,, Esq. The Codire, New Brentford,

Andrews, Jobs R, Esq. 14, Bryanston-aquere, W.

Asdovws, Thomas R., Bay, 1.0. 4, Cumbertond-piaw, Regent’epark, NW.

Andros, Wm, Faq, 08 Care of £, Andrews, Keqy, Strandvomethe- Oreos,

Cligeret, Mikdleeee,

Angas, George Pos Baq. 43, Norlandesquare, Aoitoncbpark, We
70 Angelo, Hy, Ceventisls A., kag. Asunoiew, Peragwoy,

Angier, FJ, Haq. 19, Grucechurehestret, £.C,

Aneel, Maurice, Bq. Hanoterepuare Clubs Horeer-square, WW:

‘Anstel, Prof. D, To, wa, vin.s, Be. 4, Westminster-chamnbers, &.W.;

Athensesm Club; %.W. 5 anit The Red Towers, Melton, Woodbridiye,

Anstey, George Ay Ey, Wincor Cheb, 3, We

Anstrethor, Maj Len, Philip,en,, Madras Artillery. Adtineastie, by Falkirk, N12,

Amtruther, Capt, Bh Iny Rifle Brigade, Blue Gate, Jpewich,

‘Antrim, Wn, Rawal McDonnell, Karl of, Glmarn-castie, Larne, Cp, Antriin,

Arbuthnot, George, Eiqs 23, Hydepari-garens, We

Arbuthnot, LieatCel, George, 8.01.4. 5, Upper Kooleston-ttreet, SW.
| Bo Arbethnor, Hagh 1, Eq, 69, Baton-square, 5. W.
Archibald, Win. Fred. A, Eq. 3, Amerstim-road, Putery, 8. W.
Ardagh, Capt. John C5 Ka. Junior United Serevce Chad, 8, W.
Anim, Richard Kdward, Keg. East Burniam-boare, Buckinghowshire.
"Armistead, Rev, Charles John, M.A., 7.8.4. Onited Univeraty Cid, SW.
Armitage, Kdward, Req. 3, Hali-road, St, Jokn's-wood, N. W.
‘sArmitetead, George, Raq mr, Errokpurk, Errol, NB,
Armatrong, Sir Alecendor, W.0.0., 1.1.0,, ¥.nF., Director-General of the Navy
Se MeSeal Departments) Admiralty, Somersetssouse, W.C.j and Junior United
Service Clad, SW.

Arceld, Rawin, Enq. ct. ‘Daily Telesroph" Office, Flectartrect, E.C.

Arnot, Hon, David, Eetdaie, Albunio, Priqualand West, Cupe of Good Hupe.
ye Armott, Thee R, Eq. 384, King Willium-street, B.C.

Asrownnith, R., eq. Chitern, Victoria, Australia, Care of D. W. Hettie,

Ey, Sh, Pleetstrent, £.C.

Arthvar, Colonel Sir Frederick, Bart. 24, Quer’e-gate, South Kensington, &.W.
RX, AMS.“ Vernon," Portemouth,
Latchford-housc, Warrington.

— Aibbee, Kmund Wim,, Bey, Ra. 17, Marmngton-crencent, Ragen!" spark, NW,

*Ashhan, Charler, Eeq. Delrow, Watford,
PAshten, RJ, Raq. Orceorncourt, Old Broudatreet, 1.0.

*Ashwa, Captain Sswvuel Todor, 7, Plmeiva-square, Brighton,
“PAskwell, James, Hac.) H.4,,¥.0.2. 11, Brochatreet, Bath,

——

ii |

xx List of Fellows of the

Serof

Betta

1830 | roo" Atking, Jotm Polly, Haq., ra, Aalated-place, near Serencahe.

1875 Atkinson, Alstan, Esq.

1876 Atkinson, E, T., Avcountant-General. Allahabud, NW.P., Sadia, Care of
Mise Atkinson, 44, Church-rvad, St, Leonards-on-Seae

1970| —AtKiason, William, Esq, 7.t8., de. 47, Gordonsguare, WC,

1899 | Aloe, Charles, Eaq. The Park, Ealing, We

1860 | Attwell, Profssor Henry, arnes, SW.

1359 pies ase eer ceares (24th Foot, Beegal Sta Corps). Junior
Tnited Service Club, 8.W.; ond Shalford-house, near Guildford, Surrey.

1g03| Austin, John @., Raq, Citre of the Colonial Company, 16, Leadenhalbetrest, KC.

rasd| Ayrton, Right Hon, Acton 8, 1, Courtsfeld-gardenay 8.1.

tora) Baber, E. Colborne, faq, HLM. Cons, Serv, China, Care of Fureignofioe, S. We

1466 | O"Badingtoa, William, Bag. St. Kilda, Buokhurat-hitt, Bose,

tag¢| ‘Back, Admiral Sir Geo., v.c.t., 1.128. 100, Gloucestersplace, Portman-squs WT:

vars | ‘*Backler, Hy. Mol, Bay, Vernonshoure, Lordship-lane, Dulwich, 8,2, |

1696 | “Bacon, Geo. Washington, Ksq. 127, Strand, W.C.

tars| Bulen-Powell, Honzy Ws B., Keg. 9, Puperduildings, Temple, £.C.

1884 | Badger, Kav. Geo. P. 21, Leamingtonsroadaoiliax, Westtourne-park, We

ierg| Bagge, Sir Willian, Be, ar, Stradsettshall, Market Downturn, Norfothe

1g57 | Baillio, Major-Genoral John CHongal Stall Corps). Care of Mesers, Grinilay

and Co, 58, Paliaraent-atrest, 3,1,

1872 Baillie, Capt. Win, Hunter, 43, Norfolhanquare, W.

1878 Balny As J. Gy Reoqe Blaimmairn, Hellensburgh, Ne Ba |

1875 | 120%Bnin, Sir James, Kat, 2, Park-terrace, Glasgow,

1873 | aiuos, W, Mortimer, Haq. Zel/-ball, Fork,

1975 | *Hlaker, Georgy, Hag, 85, Mari-dane, E.C. ; and Snaresbrook. |

agai | “Baker, Jobn, Esq,

1635 | Waker, Sir San, White, Paka, 7.R,8, Sandfard Orloigh, we, Newton Abbot, Desens

ae7z| Boker, Rov. Sir Talbot Hastings B,, Bart, Zouston, near Blandford, Dorset,

tera | —Balor, Colonsl'T. Dy c.n. Army and Nary Chub, Paltmalt, 8. W,

sr | Baker, Rev. Win, 4, Claptomequars, Hackney,

1a55 | Baker, Major W. T. Junior Guited Service Club, 8, W,

isis | Baksr-Ciowwell, @, George, Haq, 49, Cadayun-place, 8.

1878 | 13¢ Baldwin, A, Chas, ey. S7, Chestor-square, 8. W, |

1861 | Balfour, Colouel David. Balfourscartle, Kirkwall, YB,

1a7e | Balfoar, Fiolerick Henry, Kay. Shanghai Cire of H, Talfour, Foi, The |
Aly Dro. 2

¥847 | Balfour, Gen, Ble George, Rake K.Csthy 31-8, if Clana,

aeons ec |

1870

18S

1870

W.; and Ortentat Club,
Balfour, Captain George Ma max. United Service Cul, Palma, 8.¥
Balfour, John, Kaq. 18, Queen"e-gatespiace, 8, W.
Ball, Arthur Ediwunl, Eoq. Stanhope-ciila, Charlwood-road, Putney, 8, We

5 5 ES

RES S553 PSRESREE 3

Royal Geographical Society. xi

Dall, John, Faq., 7.2K 10, Smatheee-gardew), Zomth Kennington,
Tall, Jobs B., Bag, Carisirooke-tnige, St, Johs'rront East, Putsey, 8.
Balls, W. H., Faq. 20, Anerlaysrond, Aneriey, SE

SN Coe. eth et Care of Bie CO. M'Grigque drat Os., Chearies-

‘Bandini, His Bighnow Prince Giustiniani. Rowe, Core of Mesrs, Baring
Brothers and Coy, 8, Bidhopepate-street-eithin, B.C. sf

Baaiks, Henry B., faq. 31, Lombardestreet, F.C

Baanatyne, Nail, Bey, 4, BarPe-court-equwe, Somth Kensington,

Barter, Wm. Cambridge, kx, Croatiey Orplae Stone onl Scheel, Sovsie-part,

Barbour, W. Doyle, aq. Springeale, Hitlorwdase, Prestctch, wear Manchester,
Earchard, Pranks, Enq. Horstol-place, Uobfels.
Barclay, Hugh G., Lag. Honthams, Woalford, Essex,
Barelay, Wm, 1, Req, Ma, Leyton, Lsove.
Basford, A. Hy Haq, Mads 1, Cormaticterrace, Rigent’spark, NW.
150"Baring, Jobn, Raq. Oukword, Chichester,
Darkly, Sir Henry, 6.0.0.0. 5.0.0. 25, Queen’ ngate-ternace, SW.
Barer, Prederich Palgrave, Haq. 0.310, (Governor of British Honduras), Oare
of @, Larecence, Bef, 12, Mariborougherowd, Lee, SE.
Barlow, Frederick Thomas Pratt, Hisq. 26, Autland-gate, 8. W,
Bares, Robert, Baqe, at, 31, Grosoenoretrest, We
Barmett, Rawant Wrn,, Esq.
“Barns John W., Enq, Bhacwlpore, Punjoub, India care of Mesere. Grindlay,
138, Parliament-street, 5, W.
Barz, Edward G,, Ey. 78, Holland-pork, W.; and 36, Markdane, £0,
Barrett, Benjamin, Exq. Altertevttage, Framlingham, Sufoir.
Barrell, Howanl, Eaq., 3.0.03, 3, Tevintovi-apuare,
760 Barrington, Georgy, Viscount, s.r. 19, Hertfordsstreet, W.
“Barrington-Wand, Mark Ju Enq. BA» Wii. (Hor Majesty's Inepootor of
Sebools). St, Windfrad’s, Lincoln ; and United Vniversily Club, SW.
Barrow, John, Bay, ve 0.8.4, 17, Hanover-torrace, Reyent'e-park, N. W.
Barrow, Reuben Vincent, Koq. Sydney-losje, Croydon.
Barrow, Gamocl, oq jun, Lorne-hous, Red-hill, Surrey.
Barry, Alfred, Kaq. Mayfield, Shortkande, Kent,
Bartholomew, John, Bay. 17, Chambers’-ereet, Haiuhurgh.
Barton, Alfred, Eag., 20.0. Oriontat Club, W.; and Myskyns, Tioehurst, Hawdurst,
Bartoa, Dr. Geo. Kingston, Fulbeck, Grantham,
Bateman, James, Koy, PRA, 7.1.8. 9, Mydeepari-gate Sith, 8.W,
170 Bateman, John, Exy, Groat Lirumleysiodye, Colchester,
Batearsn, Jobo ¥., Key.,c.x., 7.0.8. 16, Great Georgestreet, Westminster, &,W.
Bates, Major CE, Care of Messrs, Grindlay and Co 55, Partament-stroct,
SW
Bates, General Henry, 0,0. % Sussea-place, Hyde-parh, W.

ie”

| List of Fellows of the

Batosonede-Yarbargh, George, Kaq. Meslingtom-Aall, York.
‘Baath, Edwant W., Easy. 20, Groat Winchestor-street, B.C.
‘Pastton, Howard, Esq. 11, Scarsdale-eitaa, Kevsingten, Way and
iearatuetaarrurcen aM
Batten, John H,, Raq. 5, Mansten-terrace, Heavitrea, Keeter.
Baxendale, Joveph Hy Eaq. Worplosslon, Guilford.
Bastar, Richand, sz, Barristerat-Law. 32, Loinstergarvens, Baynoater, W.
180 Bayley, Hy Raq: Peninsular and Orientol Oo,, Zeadenhalt-street, I.Cy
‘*Baylia, Capt BW. D, Care of T. H. Baylis, Kag., QC. 4, Paper-tuildings,
Inner Temple, B.C.
Bayly, Maj-Gen, John, 1.x, 0.0, Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton,
Baynes, A. Henry, Esq. 19, Custle-street, Holborn, B.C.
Baynes, MajaCGen. R. Stonet. Army and Naey Chi, 8.W7.; and 98, Fermyme
street, S.We
tyne, Wan, Wilberforce Bags Ditty Camphelfon-house, Croydon,

Header, Si Col, 034. 4, Leehamoront, Kensington, W.

Beall, Geo. Hg, Secretary Local Marine Bosnl, Liverpool,

190 Bexnimore, Nathaniel St. B., aq, 80, Great Georgestrest, SW.

Béston, Capt. Joba, 18, Palace-gurdens-terrace, We

Beaufort, William Morris, Req. %RAd, P18, PAR Alhenaum Cli, SW.

Beaumont, A. Ke de, Bag. 19, 8%, Sohn'e-park, Highgate, M.

Beaumoat, John = Bay 81, Zanoauter-yate, Wey and Wimbledow-perke
Howse, Wimbledon,

Reese aie eal ax.

“Beaumont, Somerset, aq. FTwrstoote, Shorey near Ouildfork,

“Beaumont, Wentworth Bay Raq, 260%, 144, Picoadilyy We7 and Birettow |
pork, Wabgfield,
Beavan, Liout, Reginald, Mestre. Grinilay and Co., 55, Parliament-street, 5.

— {acelin aeaee, Care of J, D, Canphell, Eoq., 8, Storey’

in gtk tear (Gird Regiment), Army and Navy Club, 8. We
Bebb, Horatio, Rep 15, Glowcester-place, W. 5 and Leamington.

Bective, Thomas, Barl of, 35, Doveratrest, W.7 and Underley-hall, Kirtly |
Lonsdale, Westmoreland |
Badtreok, W.H., Eq. Blenteim-ouse, Wimbledon, S.W:

Bolfvrd, Rese-Adinieal G, Augustus, Sowh-vio, Widmore-road, Breeey,
Kent.

Beech, Geo, Milller, Km. Care of George Kohle, Koy, 100, Lenthalloread,
Daleton, B.

Boer, Julius, Haq. 27, Portlandeplace, W.

"Brghie, James, Esq. 2, Haut-Fadia-avenue, Leadenhall-atrect, B.2,
‘Baghie, Thomas Stirling, Kaq. 36, Wallbrook, H.C,

Bekher, Bev. Brymer, St. Gabriei's, Pimilco, 8.W.
210 Ball, H, Douglas, Eig. 4, AiMioeterrace, Givtherper, Lincoinchieg,
“Bell, Joshua P Koy. 12, Atbemarienstreet, W,
Sail, Thomas, Km]. 15, Upper-pork-rood, Honeraleeh-hil, XW.
Bell, Wan. Avy Brgy 2A 2.0, New Univernity Oind, St. Sioned eatreet, SW,
Ball, Major W. M. Belyroncoanaicns, 8. W.
‘Bell, William Moore, Esq. Wigton, Cumberfand.
Bellamy, Rdwart, Req. 14, Basshiephamstreet, Adnipts, W.C.
Bellville, Alirel, eq. 20, Penn-road-villas, Holloway, N.
Belmore, Right Hon. The Earl of, ¥.c:.0. Governor of New South Woes.

Banks, Albert, Eaq., 4a. 9, Charlematreet, St. James's, 8. We
Beunett, J, Risdon, Key, 2.0, 92, Cavendishaquare, We
Beanie, A., Bay. 7, Broad Sractuary, Westminster, .W.
Benton, Joho, Raqe Vernow-Acuse, Gunneside, Revth, Yorkshire,
“Benson, William, Raq. Langtons, Alresford, Hosts,
Bentham, George, Koy, Prev, tat, 25, Wilton-ploce, 8, W,
Bentinck, Major-General Caren: et sart Woltiphan, Berks 5 owt
‘5, Grarsenar-trescent, 5.
Beatley, Gronge, Eaqy Capek Sesh
Benson, Wen. H., Esq. Westsadge, Rigen,
330 Berens, H. Hulse, Eoq. Sifeross, Foet's Cray, Kent,
Hernan, PN. Ky. 37, Conmanghtarjuare, Hyde-park, W.
Berryman, Elwin W., Bq. 32, Groat St. Melon's, £.0,
Harthon, Peter Hy., Kan. 20, Margaretastreet, Corendish-square, W.
Best, Comm. Jao. Chas. Pseryn- Vio, Lfangoiten.
‘Best, William, Kay. Ketstone, AllBrook, S. Hante,
Bethune, Mexmder M., Eaq. Otterburn, Hamit-road, Upper Norwood and
182, Leodendalbatreet, B.C.

*Bethane, Aim, C.K, Drinkwater, c.v. 4, Crommell-rd,, S. Kensington, 8. We
Batts, John, Esq. 21, Freeyrove-road, Camden-road, N.

Bevan, William, fey. 12, Betton-garsens, South Kensington, 8. We

242 Berington, Henry Gen,, Bay. Fermctale-house, Lee, 8.E.
Bevington, Herbert 8., Raq, tA. Frevilatenhewse, Lee, SB,
Bianchi, Tho Marches, Aanover-wquare Cub W.

*Dibty, Edward, Raq. Cary of John Bibby, Bepy Wart-hilt, Liverpool,
Bidker-Cuarton, Potor, Ley. 30, Vorthumseetandeplace, Baynwater, W.
Bickers, Edward, Beq., #2", Care of Movers. King and Co., Cornhill, 0,
Bidarstatl, W.M,, Req, Jv. 13, Higtinry-terrace, N.
Bickersteth, The Very Mer. Ldwaril, 0.0,, Dean of Lichfield, The Deanery,

Lich feld.

“Bickmore, A. 5, sq, ¥.A., P11-,, Superintendent of the American Museum of
Natural History. Cendrai-parA, New York,

sagg|t &

is a. |

List of Fellows of the

Dickuell, Algernon 8, Esq, 28, Onslow-gurdens, South Kensington,

ago Midder, G. Parker, Eq, 0m, 24, OL. Georyest., S.W.} and Mitoham, Surrey.
Biddulph, Geo, Tourmay, Eaq. 43, Chariug-cross, 8, We
Wikdulph, Joh, Esq. Swansea.

“Bigg-Wither, T. Py Bay, ce. Femburysoiourage, Tunbritye Wells,
Biguby, John J,, Boq,, Mads, P.tw8, 89, Glouceatersploce, Portman-square, W,
Birch, Mf. W., Ksq. Botgraveemansions, Gromenor-gardens, 8.W.
abo nearer, Esq. 9°, New Browbrtreet, E,0.; and 27, Cavendish
aware,
‘*Birehill, Captain BH. H. Junior Carlton Club, 8,7.
“Bird, Richard, Faq, Holt-Aiowse, Fulham, &.W,

‘serps he arabe Tnaiia Muscum, South Kensington, 8. We ¢ and
WW
Birkbeck, Rdw,, Raq. Morstend-hall, Norwéoh.
Birks, Harry Wiliam, Raq, 161, Breoknoct-rowd, Zwfnetlcpark, 2.W.
‘“Bbcholfsheln, Henrl Louis, Esq. 79, South Audleysstreat, W.
Biabop, George, Emy wavs, Union Club, 8.W.s ant The Meadows,
Toickenham, &.W.
Bishop, Jaros, Ea. 11, Portlondeplace, We
Bishop, James, Eaq. Forest-row, Leytonstone,
270 Bishop, Won, Henry, oy, 8, Prince of Wales-torrace, Kensington-palace, We
‘Bison, Gapt. Frederick 8. de Carteret. 70, Bernerssstreet, W.
Black, Andrew H,, Raq. 8, Royal-orescont, Olaagow.
“Black, Francis, xq. 8, Northebridye, Edinburgh,
Black, Major Geo, Robt, Stewart. Razeth, Harrow ; and Junior United Service
hdd, Charles-strect, 8, Ws
Whack, Maj-Gen, Jas, 34, St. Jamer'eequare, 8.W.
Black, Thoms, Roy, Superintendent *, and O, Steam Navigation Company's
Dockyard, 14, Longridge-ronid, Sowh Kensington, 8.W.
Blackio, Thot, M., Eay 74.4. Chipping-ill School, Witham, Base.
Blackie, Ws Graham, Exq., vii..9, 17, Stanhope-street, Glasgow.
Blackmore, W., Keq. Founder'r-court, Lothbury, E.0,
28o"Blackstone, Froderice Elliot, Kaj. 10.1. British Museum, WC,
Blagilon, Robert, aq. Junior Carlton Club, Fall-mall, 8, W
Blaine, Henry, Eaq. U1, Gledhowegordens, South Kensington, 8, W,
Bialr, Major H. F., nt, 1, Clarendon-glace, Hyde-park-gordena, We
Blake, Brig-len. H.W. 10, Stanhope-sireet, Hyde-park-gardens, 8,
“Blake, Wollaston, Bay, 7.0, 8 Devonshire-place, We
Blakemore, Ramecy, Eaq, Wimbledon, 8,W,
‘Blakeney, William, Eaq., Rx, Seoretary to Hydrographiooffice, 8.

& ESE5E5 ESGSEE GEE GPEE 55 8293]

isn

‘Bhkeney, Coptale W. A. Pe
Blakiston, Matthew, Raq, 18, Wiltomcreacent, S,W.
240 Blakiston, Captain Thoma, #4. 18, Weiton-creacent, 8 We
Bhag, Hoary, Kap. M.D, Me, Care of Messi. If. 8, Xing ond Ox, 45,
Pail, 8.7

Blanch, Juo.,Eaq. Care of W, 1, Blanch, Ea. 11, Denman-road, Peckham, 8.2,
pega Wt Peta 84, Geological Sureey-office, Calcutta, Care of
Moers, Tetiner ond Cox, Ludgutesitl, B.C.

Blanchard, Wichard, Esq. Favrfietc, Lymington, Monts,

“Blewitt, Octavian, Eeqe 10, Johvmatreet, Strand, WiC.

‘Biore, Eiward, Esy,, 0.0.1... RA, PAA, de, 4, Mancherterseuare, We
Dieant, Edward, Faqs €.0, 28, Olid Buriingtonmatrect, Wiz and 61, Rue de

Onurcelies, Paris.

Blew, William Wootton, Kay. Out-lostye, Ryden'srond, Waltemon- Thares.
Blumberg, George’F., Esq. Mansfietd-Aouse, Cliftomgardens, Moida-vale, W.
300%Blundel), Charkes Weld, Eaqe Ince, Blundetl-hath, Great Crosby j and Brooks's
Che, BW
‘Blunt, Jos., Raq,
“Blast, Wilfred 8, Raq. Worth, Oraucley, Suanex,
Blyth, Henry, Eq. 53, Wimpoleatreet, We
Blyth, Philip P., Eos dar. 83, Wimpolesstrect, We
‘*Bodeahurn, Chas dein Barre, Kaq. Botherwas, Horefort,
Lobe, Henry G,, Bay, 18, Henvietto-street, Coventasurden, W.C.; and Northe
endhouse, Twickenham,

Belles, Colonel GW. Stanfield-Aall, Wymondham,
Bolvon, Et.-Colenel Francis John. 4, Lroaf Sanctuary, 8 W.
*Balien, Joba, Baq. 13, Lomy dere, WC.
(310 Bompas, George Cox, Hay. 15, Stanley-gardens, Kensington-park, W.
Beuney, Chacles, faq. Adelaide, Avotratia,
Bonner, Gearge, Eq. 49, Patlmalt, 5. W.; and 2, Bayswater-terr., Kensington
apuare, We
“pale mapa St, Bild, Melbourne, Care of W. Beddow, Exy., 22,
leoten bs 41, Albany, Okt Matl-steoet, Liverpool,
Booker, Wm. Lane, sq. 11.15.M. Consulate, San Francisea, Care of Messrs.
King and o., 45, Pallomall, SW.
Boor, Geo. C,, Haq. Levsard-houne, Proenlancs, Stoho-Newington, N,
Feoth, John, Haq. Training College, Kineter,
Booth, Stephen, Eq. 18, Blomflelit-street, Upper Weatbournerterracey We
Korine, Capt, Jno. 2, Upten-villax, Haven-green, Ealing, W.
S2e*Derrer, Dawson, Ea. Altmont Ballon, Co, Carlow, Ireland,

Boteberby; Blackett, Faq. aA. Norfollehoun, 38, Albion-road, Daiston, E,
Beargho, Thos. Jude, Raq. 101, Brecknock-road, Tuffnellspark, N. W.
Bearne, Geo, Eig Brisbane, Quesailand, Care of Mr, John Taylor, 110,

Fenchurohestreet, B.C.

List of Fellows of the

‘Bourne, John, faq., C8. 21, Richmond-road, Baynoater, W.

Bourne, Robert, Eaqs, 3.2 @raftommanor, Bromagrove,

Bowstield, William, Ea. M.A. 35, Stanhopeagardens, Queensgate, 8. W.
Boustead, John, Enq. 94, Crasenssireet, Strand, W.C.

“Boatcher, Emanuel, Kg. 12, Oxferd-apuare, Hyde-park, W.

Bowen, Charles Christopher,

‘ Care of A. 0. Ottyrweity Fags ty Wetniadershontory BW

1836 | — *Bowen, Sir George Ferguson, 6.0.3.0, M.A Governor of Vietorin. Care of
Mesere, Cooks, Biddulph and Co., 43, Charing-oross, 8.W.3 and Athenarsan
Glut, Pall-malh, 8.W.

1st ‘Bowers, Captain Alexander. Cure of Mosers. Fraser and Coy Penang.

1871 | Bowes, John, Haq, Warrington, Lancashire,

1862 Bowie, John, Kay. Conservative Club, 8. We

1860 | Bowker, Jumer Henry, Hay. Basutoland, South Africa. Oare of Mesers, King
and Cow Cornhill, B.C.

1845 | *Boyd, Raward Lennox, Boy. ¥.8.A. 85, Clevolond-square, Hyie-park, We
1876 | Boy, Nelson, aq. 8, Queen Anne’sgate, SW.

1877 | Boyd, Dr. R, Southottsparh, Middlesse,

ste Boyd, William, Bi, Mode Watt WA, &e Petorheuth, Aberdeenshire.
1876 | Beyer, Goorgo Phelps, Bay. 8, Warwioh-oreacent, Mailanhill, W.

1569 Boyle, Richard Vicars, Wty Engineer in Chief to the Government
Japan, Care of Moses, Grindlay and Cosy

1874 | 350 Boyson, Ambros P,, Raq. Zastshil, Wandnoorth, 8.W.

4876 | *Bmdshaw, Surg-Major A.F. Simls, India. Care of Meewrs. Holt and Cry

17, Whitehaticplace, &.W |

1870] "Brugge, William, Kiy., 6.8, Shirloshitt, Hinmstead-road, Birmingham, |

1882 |’ Bithwalte, Imac, Haq 27, Austin Friars, 24C.

1883 | *rumley-Moore, Jot, Ray. Langleysloilge, Gerrard'scross, Ruck,

1859 | *Brand, Jamey, Haq. 100, Fenchurobsstreet, 2.0:

1888 | Brand, James Aimeworth, Rey. 12, Moreford-gardens, Park-tane, Wi |

Astt| Brand, Jno, Hy, Boy. President of the Orange Free State Republicy S. Africa |
Care of Henry Blyth, Key, 53, Winpoleatreet, We

1872] Braoder, Captain William M, (24th Boot), Army and Novy Chub, Pail-mell, 8.1

rest} Bai, Dr. Dy v8, Director of Forents, Cileutts, Care of W. H. Allen, —
Eny., 13, Waterloo-plac, 8. W. |

i

ESEG222 3553 5835

“Aue a

Royal Geographical Society. xxvii

350 Bearden, David, Eaq. 24, Berkeley-equary, W.
“Bede, Hy, P., Em. Stomiisieresiory, Wigan, Zamcashine,
‘vie fbn hd 23, Bactery gree, Clsphers, S,W.7 ond 155, Fm.

“mips Bay ialeaekciahoingy canals 6, Wireict
court, Holeen, Wits

Brazen, Pieere Savorguan de Forin,
Brent, Algernon, Ky. Ausiteoffise, Sorarriet-houue, WO.
“Breton, Comms. Win. aren, Ritly FO. 15, Camehewcrescent, Both ; and
‘The Bestory, Charmouth, Dorset.
370 Brett, Right Hon, Str W. Ballo), Kant, 6, Rvmimone-pardess, EOE ie

Hrotmestoutge,

Chub, Komg-strvet, St. Jones's.
Bridger, B, Lowther, Baq, New University (et St. Fameostreet,
Mikiger, Captaio W. Milton; me. Ary and Naoy Cis, SW.
Beillges, Natbaniel, Esq. Bluctbeath-park, &.F,

Bridges, Commander W. B., ma. HM, Woleerine,” Awstrafa, Care of
SMeeere S, We Bridges ond Sons, 50, Warnford-court, B.C.

‘“Briatly, Oswald W., Ej. 38, Ampthilbsquare, N.W.
Briggs, Colonel J.P. Henjedeard-house, Jalburyh,

pho* Bright, Sir Charles T., ¥.R.A* 11, Delohay-street, Westminster, 5, We
Bright, Henry Arthur, Enq. Avbjeld, Knotty Anh, Liverpoot,
Bright, James, Bey., xp. 12, Wellimgtonsyuare, Cheltenham,
Bright-Bimith, Tew, G. Aug, Busoot-odye, Maida-hil, W,
Brine, Colonel Froderic, Wok, RTA, Ame, Inet, OR, 72M,

Service Clubs, 8.W. 3 and Garrick Club, W.C,

Brine, Captain Linlesy, x. Boldreshouse, Lymington, Hants; and United
Bervice Cub, 8. W,

relat Fox, Bx. Gy Cheshamplace, &W., and 22, Old-equare, Line

ec, Jase, Bag, B.A, 20, Davionatroct, Rerkeley-oquare ; ond Enmores
pork, Bridgwater,

Beodie, Waltar, Ex. Orsett-house, Orsettsterrace, Hysterpark, W.

Brodie, William, Eaq. Eastbourne, Susser.

390 Bredribb, William Adams, Raq. Bank of Austratasia, Threndacedtesstreet, F.C.

*Bresrick, The Hom, George C, 22a, Mount-atreat, We

Beogden, James, Enq, 21, Queen Anne's-gate, Westminster, 8. W.

Brooke, Comm, A.T,, nw. Ashbroote, Droothorv’, Limashes, Ireland,

—

1863,
1873

Brooks, Robert Alemnder, Bq. Cowrervatioe Chih, 81. Sames'estrort, 8. We
“Brooks, Wm. Cunliffe, Raq, M.P4 My FAA Bo, 5, Gromenor-equare, W. s
Barlow-holl, near Manchester ; and Forest of Glen-Tanar, Aboym, Aber

‘Bronghall, Wiliam, Key, Broadeater, Down, Tunbridge Well
‘Brown, Daniel, Bags

Brown, Colonol David (Madras Stall Compe). Jneldn,
Brown, Rev, Dizon, 28, Quoen'syate, &. Kenaington, &W.
Brown, E, Ay Boy. Burton-on-Trent.

Brown, Rev. George, Care of the Wesleyan Missionary Sictely, 17, Béshope-
gatenstrectacithin, B.C.

Brown, Heary Rowlind, Esq. 58, Lincoln'einn-felda, Wit. and Oxley-groce,
Stanmore,

410 Brown, J.B. Bay, 90, Cannonattrert, £,C, ; and Bromley, Kant,
“Brown, James Ry, Bedi #ab82eky Copeohagen, 8+, Carershan-voad, N. We

Brown, Richard, Keys Catt. 119, Zanadowne-road, Notting, We
Brown, Robort, Haq., MAy PHD, PLR, de, 26, Guilford-road, Albert-
equare, 8. We

‘Brown, Thomas, Esq, 8, Hytleparketerrace, Hiyde-park, W.
“Brown, Rev. Thos. E. Clifton-colleye, Brirtol.
Brown, William, Esq. Quarryshil-hovuse, Tonbrilye, Kent,
Browne, H. H., Esq. Moor-elove, Binfield, Bracknell,
Browns, John H., Hq. Glendus, Haysshilt, Cheitenhan.
420 Browne, Samuel Wooleett, Esq. 68, Porchesterstorraoe, Hyde-park, W.
“Hrowne, Captain Worle, 35, Charlesetreet, Berkeley-xyuare, W.
Browne, Walter Raleigh, Eoju Car, Suvile Club, 1%, Suvilonrore, We
Browne, Win, A. Morgea, Eq. 116, Piocastitly, W.
Browne, Rev. W. 8, West Wallon, Wisbeuch,
‘Browne, William J., Esq. Aferly-house, Wimborne, Dorselahire,
oe GF, Eq. Care of James Easton, E2y., Kench-hill, near Tenterden,

Browning, H., Esq. 73, Grosvenor-strest, Growvenor-syuare, W.j and Okt
Wurden-park, Bigglenoade,
“Browning, Thoms, aq. 6, Whitehall, S. W.
Branton, John, Req. M.3.0.8y Fist, 154, Creat Georgeratrect, 8, We
430 Brunton, 1H, taq., ¥.0.8., be. 1, Onfordovitias, Balham, &.

Royal Geographical Society. xxix

‘Bryaat, Waher, Es7., 0.0, 7.2.03, 254, Sussemoquare, Hyde-parkgardens, W,
“Duceeoch, His Grace the Duke of, €.0., 7.0.8, Dalroith-palace, sear Edinburgh ;
and Montaywhouse, Whitehall, 8. W,

Buchanan, Andrew, Ej, 3.0. 48, Fusthouraaterrass, Hyde-park, W,

Bochauan, R. Dunlop, Eq. 19, Porvhesterterrace, W.

‘Buchanan, Thot, Rybarn, Raq. All Sould’ College, Oxford,

Buckley, John, Haq, 18, Joiimont-otroct, Jolimont, East Melbourne, Victoria.
Gare of Mears. Dalgety, Du Croz, and Co., 92, Lombant-atrect, .0.

"Bulger, Lieut-Colonsl George Ernost, #.1.8,, Panay ‘10th Poot),
Care of Mesart. Wheatley and Co 156, Leadenhatteatrect, E.
<4o*Boll, William, ¥sq., ¥.tat. King'seoad, Cretees, & We
Boller, Sir Edward M., Dart xr. Old Palace-yard, &.W.5 and Dithornehalt,
Cheadle, Staffordahire.

Beller, Waller L., Emp, 7.1.8. 7, Werlminsler-chambers, Victoria, SW.
Bullioger, Rev. E, Win. WalUhwnstow, Eesow,
Bullock, Captain Charles 5., 2%. Hurtsbewrn, Gypaysill.
Ballock, Rer, Wea. T., x4. Kensingle-paluce, W.
"Bunbury, Sir Charles Jamnes Fes, Bart,, P.n.s. Burton-hall, Bury St, Edavond's,
Banbury, Be H., Faq, MA. 85, St, Jeames’srstreet, 5, We
Bandeck, Fi, Faq, Buctland-stbey, Horrabridye, 8, Devon,
‘Barge, William, Raq. Fethard, Co. Tipperary.
M52*Baxpens, Jomey, Eig., MRA, Archeological Reporter, &c., to Coraroment,
Bominy. 8, Lee Bidiniurgh. Care of Messrs, Trier

SS088 HE CY BESS sel
uf
f
F
j
a
Fl

Bangoyne, Joho, Esq. Weod-thorpe, Stone-bridhe-parh, Willesden,

‘*Borke, Samuel Constantine, Bay. 84, Narbowrstreet, Kingston, Jamaica,
Born-Bisth, Robert, Liq. 5, Clifion-plase, Swasex-equare, We

Burne, Lient-Colouel O. F. Ludis-oftee, 8 W.

Burnett, Jas, Compton, Esq x.0. 1%, nover-oyuare, Birkeonhevds

Paver, Commer. Chas., 0.x., Superintendent Greenwich Hoxpital Schools,

1908

wn

i368

wea

1378

1871

WI) Bers, John, Eaq, Castle Wemyar, by remot, N. 2.

161) "Barr, Higfor, Raq. 28, Hatonsplace, 8. W: + ond Aldermaston-court, Rerkshirt.

187) Baratal, Captain E., nx, 9, Park-rillas, Lower Norwood, 8.5,

1872 | g6o Burt, Charles, Haq. Hilnnide-douse, Richmond, Surrey.

1855 | "Barton, Declnum Faqs ¥.i.8. 14 Oloucester-houses, Gloucester-orescent, W.

1888 | SiBurton, Capt. Richi. Fras. Athenown Club; 14, Montayw-ploce, Montayu-
square, W,; and care of Moses. Smart and On, 10, Basinghalintreet, BC,

3808] Bitey, Wn. Coutts, Viernant, K.0.m.0, 65, Prince'sgate, & W.

ta0t ‘Bark, Bev. Robert Wheler, wa, 29, Milner-syuare, Zelington,

184 Rashbell, De, Nathaniel, Priace’spark-shool, Liverpool,

ARTA) Basbell, 3. We Eoq,, 1.0, Poullon, Wingham, Kent,

— |

= |

List of Fellows of the

Hon, v,e.t, Osford, 2
Pit asd Dulet Daas a” DiGibs 1, Aehloy-place,
Burk, William, Kiq., 3.0.0, bo, 28, Lessboroughpardens, $.W.
Butler, Charles, Eeqe 3) Connaughteplace, Zyile-park, We

470 Butler, 1, Dundas, Esq. Geographical Department, British Museum, WC.

Nace ance ad Aoitywood, Windledonepark, 8,W.; and 14, Keo
Burlingtoneatroet, W.

Bat Ses Ore, Er er Grain. 5, Canson-ros, 5.1%,
Butler, Rev, Thomas. Wilderhope-howe,

Datler, Moje WB. (00th Negiweat). Horte Guards We

Hoxton, Francis W., Esq, A. 15, Katonsplace, 8.W.

Baxieo, Henry Edmund, Hayy 2.4. Dunblowc, Great Yarmouth oft

Barton, John H., Bay. Brewery, Spitalfields, B.C.

‘*Buston, ir Thomas Powell, Barts 14, Growenorsrencent, SW 5 and Warren
Walthemmadbey, Evses.

yhorak Gry6 3335, Lay. Gryf Pork, Vana Bajanot nour Bebruich Bust,

‘480 Calthorpa, The Hon, Augustus Gough. 82, Ritlond galeg 8W.

‘Calthorpe, F. Hl. Gough, Lord, 3, Groseenoresquare, W.
Calvert, Frederic, Enq @-¢. 94, Upper Grosrenor-stroct, We

“Cama, Dorabjon Peatronjee, Haq. 3 and 4, Winchestersatreet.tusldings, J.C.
Cameron, Donald, Eq.) ar. Auctnacarry, Fnvernese-shives
Cameron, Major Donald R, 2.A., OM,0, Aiea,
Cameron, Lieut,-General Sir Duncan Alesander, 0.0
Cameron, Henry Lovett, Raq. 25, Grannitlesplace, Portman-aquare, W.
Cameron, Ja, Enq. 32, Great St, Helen's B.C.
aaa Mei Biy BG, Be 107s, Fo York. Care of Alesers. Brooks

and Co,, St. Prter's-chombars, Cornhill, J.

490 Cameron, Comm, Verney Lovett, 8.¥.y ©.th parte ny Sevenvats,

Camptell, Allan, Eq. Melbourne Club Melbourne,

Gamphall, Cy Hs Rays 10 Exdoneplace, 8,1,

Camptell, Bir George, KiCAdtn MaPay B.Crte 13, Cormseall-gurdens, South Kene
ington, S.W. 5 and Athenawm Chub, 8, We

Camptel, Geo. Wg. 22, Quaensategardens, & We

Pesptath Teen, Fey, Sebi, Heder, aes o M Samage

‘Camptell, James, Exp. 17, Queen's-gate, 8. W.

Coumpbell, Jaunes, Bay, Surgeon nx, The Grange, Chigweliore, WE,
*Campbell, James, Esq jun. Croley-priory, Chichester,
“Campbell, James Duncan, Esq. Shing. 8, Storey’ agate, St. Janey epark, 5.W.

500 Campbell, Robert, Key s.r, 31, Loundensyuare, S.W.; end Brscst-park,
DeeMade, 01

ousestershire,
aera) Robert, Ey. Zednock-bank, Comrie, Perthshire.
Campbell, Willine, Bog, New Cli’, Manger.

Compbell Johnston, AL Ha, Hag, PRK, 84, St. George esquare, 8.17,
‘Campion, Frank, aq. The Mownt, Dufieli-roud, Derby.
Cundler, Samuel Horsce, Haq. 25, Rmenartreet, Strom, W.C.

Cansing, Sir Samuel, cx, The Manorhowss, Abtots Langley, near Watjied,
Herts.

“Cannon, John Win., Esq. Castle-grove, lexm,
‘Cannon, Lieut-General B. 5, Perhersitss, Folkestone,
‘Contley, Nathaniel, faq. Totantcal Gardens, Pomplewanseet, Monsritiue.
510 Canis, Chas, Napoleon de, Bq. 7H, Tower-tuilitings, Watersstrert, Livorpoct,
“Cantwell, Edwart I, Eq. 2idisais, Weet Horsley, Surrey; Oaford awd
Cambridge anid Garrick Clubs,

“Cardwell, Right Hon, Viseoant, 14, Baton-aquare, 8, W.

"Carew, R, Russell, Esq, 2.r, Carpendere-park, Walford, Herts; cmd Oriewtel
sb, We

(Carey, Lieutenant If, C, (late 128). Almonrvad, Southport.

Carey, Ker. Tupper: Fyjleti, Bavont, Salisbury 5 and 15, Hydeepari-garsens, W.

Cacfrst, John, Hig. 28, Newfill-road, St, Johw'owood, N.W.3 and Junion
Conseroative Olub, King-strect, St. Jamed’s,

Cargill, John, Laq., Member of the Logislative Assembly of New Zealand, snd
Legislative Council of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, Care. of
Misses, Caryitl, Joarhin and Coy 28, Cornhill, EC,

‘Cargill, Win. W., aq. Lanoasterstodge, Campden-house-road, We
“Carillon, John Wilton, Eiqu, ¥.tuk.y %, 800, Wormbill, Dusctom,
420 Carlingtord, Right Hon, Loni, 7, Carlton-gardent, 8. W.

Gattisley A. Dy Esq. Laileybury-college, Hertford.
‘*Carmichoe), Capt. 1.. M., 2.4. (th Lancers), Oxford and Cambeédyy Chub, 8, W.
‘Carnegie, David, Req. Bartburys ty Watford, Herts,

‘Cernngio, Commander the Hon, J., Rw. 26, Pall-mall, SW.

Carnngy, Patrick, Kay, Haskesvod, Upper Norwood,

Carr, Wun, Ward, eq. 0, 6, Leosterrvce, Ler, Sif.
(Carter, Lieut.-Colonel Hugh Boabam- (Coldstream Guards), Guards? Club, 5.1.3
‘and 7, Howichsplace, 8.W.
Carter, Caplain Thomas Tupper, nt. Cure of Messrs, H, 8, King and Cov
48, Pall-mall,
Carter, Theorlore, Haq. Mapperley-howse, Burnt-arhsbill, Lee, SF
550 Cartwright, Col, Henry (Greasdler Guards), sie. Fydonehatl, Danbury,

Carteright, William, Va, Care of Office of Chinese Customs, 8, Storey’egate,
Si, James’ epar, 8.

Carver, Rev. Alfred J., 0.0., Master of Dulwich Collage. Duiteith, 8.7
Cudert-Boteler, Commr. W. J ax, The Lime, Taplow ; and Naval and
Military Che, Piccadilly, We
Caunlls, LonieP,, Raq, 147, Molborn-bare, H.C 3 and South-grove, Highgate, N,
Cuwmils, Andrew, Bag. (Momber of Council of India). 31, Cheveland-agiare,
Hyde-parh, W.
Cassini, Chas, Joseph, Kg. 12, Georye-street, Portman-square, We

ro

1869

Lisl of Fallows of the

manor,
$40 Catty, Edward, Faq, Care of Mens, Roper and Oo, 5, Jeprey-spuare, 8,
Mary-Ane, B.0.; ond St, Petecrbrg,
Cave, Amos, Exq. Groveshouse, Cromwellroad, Briztonorise, Surrey.
Cave, Colonel Edward, Boat India United Servivw Chul, 84, St. Jawser-
square, 8. We
‘Cave, Captain Laurence Trot 13, Loondes-wpunre, 8.0,
Care, Right Hon, Stephen, s.r, 95, Witlen-place, 8. We
Cave-Hrowae, Rev. J. Detling-rioaraye, Maidetone,
Cuyley, Dry Henry, 3, AN Sainte’road, Cli/tom, Bristol,
Chadwick, Sess, Esq. Londoneroud, Derby.
Chutwiek, Juv, O., oq. 46, Boltonsroad, St John'’mwood NeW.
Challis, John Henry, aq. Keform Cin, 8. We
550°Chalmer, Capt. Reginald (G0th Mayal Iifles). DPeohaowr, Kurt Endive,
Clumpain, Major J, U. Bateman, nit, Chisholmelodge, Queen'sorouit, Héchmond
‘Champion, Joba Prancls, Esq. Ziyh-sireet, Shrewebury.
Champary, Chas, Ky Heny. awh Fela, Matifaa,
‘*Chandlew, Willan, Exq. 9, Portman-street, Ozford-sireet, We
Chapelle, Count dela, 4, Jermyn-atroet, St, James's, 8.¥.
Chapman, Capt. E. Fay wa. Fuirholme, Wimbledon, 8.W.
‘*Chapmiin, Sponcar, Haq. Roehampton, 8. W.
Charles, Rev. D,1.4, (Oxon), 0.0. ABerdovey, North Wiles.
Charnock, Richard Stophen, Eeq, PH.D, ¥.8A. Junie Garrck Olah,
Adelphicterroes, W.C.
560 Chater, Geo,, janr, Req. 41, Porchestersaquare, Mydesparh, W,
Chatwood, Samael, Koy. 5, Wentworth-place, Bolton,
Chaunteell, Fret Dondas, Esq. 63, Laincoln’minnfields, WC.
‘Chauvin, George von, Raq. 6, Hatf-Moon-atrent, We
en Kiq., Mn, MoD, Camb, 2, Hydepark-place, Cumberfand-
gate, W.
Cheetham, Samuel, Bey. 31, Runfordplace, Lserpot
ers) Haq. 8, Vanbrugh-park, Blackheath, 8. y end Conservative
Chotwode, Angnstus Ig Kay. 3, Charles-street, Lowndersquare, 8.W.3 amd
Chillon-heuse, Thame, Oxfordshire.
Cheyne, Captatn Jno, P,, xx. 15, Addivon-gardens North, Kensington, We
Chichester, Sir Brace, Bart, Arlinyton-court, Barnatople,
$70 Childers, Right Hon, Hugh C, E.,a., 17, Prince’sgarilens, 8. W.
Childers, John Walbanke, Haq. Cantley-hall, near Doncaster,
‘*Chimino, Captain William, nx. Westdowne, Weymouti,
Chinnock, Frederick George, ay, 80, Cormwall-gardens, Queensgate, S. WF,

Royal Geographical Sociaty. xxaiii

*Cslmley, Harry Walter, Eoq. Zevon, near Tork.
Chvratie, Edward Richa, tag. The Beason, Severnits, Kent.
Christie, James AScuamder, Eq. Flushing, Foleowth
‘Christie, T. Bieath, Kaq., 0. Kiting.
‘Church, Celonel Geo, Earl, 18, Great Wincheter-street, B.C,
‘*Chared, W. H., Raq.

5 0 Churchill, Lord Alfred Spencer. 16, Zutfosd.gete, &. W
‘Cherebill, Chatieg, Esq. Weytridye-park, Swevey.
‘Gupton, Edward, Bey. x.0., de. St. Thomas‘s-strect, Southwark, SE.
Clark, Lieut. Alex J, 14, Sh Jamer'enpnare, SW.

ts] Clark, Charles Esq. 20, Beimant-part, Lee, Kent, 3.2.

im Clark, George Thorman Fay, Dowteieroun, Divelats,

Wt] Clark, Sir John, Bart, TViypronée, Turland, Aberterashire.

hig

1863

ESESESER RST

Care, John Gilehrist, Bag, Speddoot, Lwmsrven, Deanfrievehire,
= Clark, J. Latimer, Wim. 3, Wertminsterschamsers, Vietoriaratreet, &.W.; amd
Beechmont, Dulwich, 8.4.
Wit) Clark, Mathew B., Hay. 18, Gruneilerplace, Fortman-syuare, W
170] $90 Clark, Hobert, Keay. 45, Chepstowsnitian, Layswater, W.
1978) Clark, Stephen, Boy. 1, Lavender-vidla, Werd-atrevt, Barnet,
Wh] Clark, Wiliam, Zag
wa) ‘Clark, Rev. W. Geou m.as Zhisity Colleye, Cambriige.
WHS) Clark, We Hy Req. 6, Leinstersterrace, Mydepark, We
Wik] *Ciark-Kennedy, Capt. Alexander W. M., v.28 (late Colditream Guar),
‘Craiy’s-howse, Dumfries, 8B; and Guards’ Club, Pallamalt, 8.W.
Wis) Charley Archibald Hy Boge Soudhmiil, Batynton Devon,
Md) Clarke, Col A., mm, Army and Novy Clu, 8. We
14) Clare, Captain F.C. My ta. Adairohowae, St, James'esquare, 3, W.
id Clarke, Joseph, Req. Nortinhillwilla, Highgate, N,
13] Goo"Clarke, Rev. W, By xa, Sydney, Now South Wales. Care of Messra,
Trilhner amd Co,, Ludgate-hitl, EC.
13) Clarke, Wy Bag. 44, Ladbroke-growe, We
teen Claude, F, Eugine, Ea. Alpina-howso, Tufnel-park, ¥.
Wes] Clayton, Captain John W. (lato 16th Hosur), 4, Fortman-sguare, We
thes] *Claghorn, Hugh, Haq., mn. Stravithy, St, Andrew's,
WIL] Cleghorn, John, ag M.A. Mi8.Any Ser, 3, Sporing-yardena, 8M
1863 Clements, Rev. HG, United Cnineroity Club, &. We
WI} Clemente, Robert George, Raq. 97, Victoria:park-road, E,
09} Clerk, Captain Claude, Hyderabad, 2, Fnsics,
1852 | Clermont, Thoms Lond, 36, Hillstreet, Berteley-square, W.; and Ravena-
dalepark, Newry.
WES | Gro" Cleveland, Hie Grace the Duke of, Clevelantsouse, 17, St, Sames’s-square, 5.W
test | Clild, Bir Charles, Hathertonrdall, Cannock, Staffordshire,
A656] Cikond, Charles Caveodish, aq, Howe of Lorde, 8, W.
wert! Clift, Hears, Haq, cus. 1, Lansiown-ploce, Blachieath, 8.2,
YOR, XLYU. c

li Pet

—]

: 9

List of Fellows of the

Clinton, Lord Blward. Army and Navy Club, S17,

Clirehagh, W. P., Ex, 14, Laidbroke-terrane, Nottingnbitt,

Clive, Rev. Archer, Waitfeld, Hereford.

Clowen, Ray Req. Salishury-nquare, Flect-stroet, H.C,

Clowes, Capt, Frederic (90th Regiment), St, Mary's Barracks, Chathen,

Clowes, George, Esq. Dukesstreat, Stamfordastrest, SB. 3 Charingre
8.W.5, andk Surbiton, Surrey.

620 Clowes, William, Lay Dute-street, Stamford-street, 8.8. ; Charingse

S.W.i and 51, Gloucestor-terrace, Hyde-parh, We

Clowes, Willian Charles Knight, Eeq.y Mute Duke-atreet, Stamford-st
8.B.5 and Surbiton, Surrey.

Clutterbuck, Robert, Kaq., 3.°. 8, Grent Cumberlandplace, W,

rads Ply MdMigs Ea, 18, St, Mark'mequare, Sondringham-road,

Coats, umes, iq. 1 and 42, Livleetreet, Lebetler-equare, WCW;
‘Chard, Someraetshive,

Coater, Edmund, Eaq. 8, Baher-street, Portman-square, We

Coates, Walter 8,, Raq. Kingoweod College, Lanedowna, Bath.

‘Cobb, Jas, Francis, Esq. The Brake, Torquay, Devon.

Cobbold, John Chevalier, Eaq. Athencewm Club, & Wij and Ipewish, Suffod

Cochrane, Rear-Admiral the Hon. A, 6.1 Junior United Service Club, 8,
650*Cochrane, Kenneth, eq, Elmbank, Galashiels, N, B,

‘Cock, Edward, Esq. Kingaton-on-Thames,

‘Cockburn, Captain James George (6th Regiment), Dover,

Cockbars, J.P, Raq, The Mount, Totnes, South Devon.

Cockerton, Richart, Haq, Cormall-gardens, South Kensington, 8. We

"Cockle, Captain George. 9, Boltonprens, South Kensington, 5. W.

Cocks, Alf: Heneage, Haq. 5, Rednor-place, Glowertor-syuare, We

Cocks, Colonel C. Lygon (Coldstream Ganrds). Treverbyn=Veon, Zéshi

Cocks, Major Octavius Yorke, 86, Parhitret, Grorsenar-sinsare, We

"Cocks, Reginald Thistlothwayte, Kay. 48, Charing-cross, S, We
29, Stanhopegardens, South Kensington, 8.Ws

640°%Cndks, Thos. S. Vernon, Kg. 43, Charing-oross, 8 Wo

Cockshott, Arthur, Haq aa, Bton Colleges

Codrington, General Sir William, 6,0.% 110, Faton-mquane, 8. We

"Com Rev, C. Ce Mighfel, Doltoncte- Moora,

Coghlan, Raward, aq, ‘Thaiingrinstitution, Gray’esinnroad, W.C.

Coghlan, Jay Enqns Engrain-Chief' to the Government, Buenos Ayres, Ct
H.C. Fore, B0q., 9 Dukestrest, Adelphi, WG.

Coghlan, Nay. Liew. Jase Buy wk. Care of Myirographioefior, Admin
aw.

Coghlan, Gen. Sir Wiliam My R.A.y K.0.0. Ramsgate, Kent,
Colchester, Reginald Charles Ldwand, Lol. 68, Batoreplace, &, ¥7,

Royal Geographical Society. xuy

Cole, Geo. Ralph Fite-foy, Ley Queen Anse’pmannce, Weatmenster, 5 Wp
Wanderers’ and South Ameriomn Clubs, 8, ¥.

1805 | 650 Cole, Willem H., Haq. 64, Portland-ploce, W.

Wis] Cole, Wan, Hatamoad, Bay. Grout Plunsteat, near Norwich, Norfolle

1867} Colabrocke, John, Kay. 17, Wallen-place, Cheisen, 8.1

Ii | *Colebrooke, Sir Thomas Edward, Bart.,v.r4.s, 37, Soathnet., Park-lane, We

W956] Coleman, Everard Home, Keqy vman Beiatry and Record Office,
82, Baninghall-strect, F.C,

188] Coles, Charles, Kaq. 86, Great Towersstreet, KC.

1876} Cole, Famien, Bag. 20, Afatvern-road, Brenton-hil, Leeds,

Galea, Jno, Rag, Mitoham, Survey.
‘Collet, Willlsm Rickford, Bag. Caron Oh, & We
Collingwood, Liett, W. Inite-offoe, 8. W,

1898 | £60 Collinsoa, John Ea, ct 9%, Porchesterterrace, Hyde-park, We

1855 Collinson, ‘Vice-Admiral Sir Richard, 1.c.k, Havenelodge, Ealing, W.; and
United Servioe Chub, SW.

1871] Colle, Capt. Gurtwrus W. Merry (6th Royal Regiment), Cure of Mra. Collis,
Barton-terrace, Davelish, Devon,

1875] Colle, Benjamin, sq, Sutton, Surrey.

128 ‘Golomb, Captain J.C. RK Dyownguinna, Kenmare, Os. Kerry ; and Junior
United Service Club, 5. W,

1982 Oe SE Se Temple,

180]. Colwill, Willison H., Baq. (Surg. 1M, Tod, Army).

last | *Celville, Right Hon. Lond. 42, Kixton-place, 8. W.

Catrin, Binoy J,, Enq. 17, Blomston-place, Queen'rgate, &W,

Colvin, Capaain W. B, (Rayal Vusliers),

$70 Comite, Lieut, B, A,

Gember, Colonel! AK. (Dep-Commintionar of Anam, Goalpara), Care of
Meswrs, Wordheod and Co.y 44, Charing-erony 8.W.

Commerell, Admiral Sir J, v.c., x.c.%, Alverbant, Alverstoke, Hants,

Congreve, Chas. B., Bag Care of R. J. Congreve, Hoga, Cartinwarh, Castle.
Douglas, N. Be

Conlin, Geo, Nugent, Faq. Tineli-Aouse, Kingrtoun, Co. Dubin.
Coustable, Captain Chis. Golding, 1.x. 6, Harley-road, 8t, John'scood, NW,
eek, FT, Esq. 24, Hydepart-gandens, W.
Carte MD, Be. Care of Memrs. Forbes and Co., 12, Leadenioll-
nena ALC, tte. Bermuda,
coker, E- Wi Bajn, Askikny PRRs Pilides Phy PAW Accad. Bell. Art. Venet.
nee ne eatent remit ye Sein mais Pine Ci,
Ge Cocks, Jolm George, Eeq. 25, Austin Friars, Olt Broadestreet, B.C.
‘Cocke, Robt. F,, Esq. 50, Albemarie-strect, W,
Cocke) Williams Henry, Eq, Qc. 42, Winpolestreet, We

88 F555 FF FETE

xxxvi List of Fellows of the i
Fond =|
3874 | Conk, Capt, We (22nH Rena). Malt, }
1872| Cookson, F., Keg. Toddington-hali, Teddington,
1830] Cooley, Wiliam Dosborough, Haq, 13, Collogeplae, Candoneoen, 1
1875] Cooling, Biwi, Log. Mite sh, Derby.
1875 | Coombe, Edward, Esq. Hillste, Willesion, N.W.
1872 Coopor, Alfred, Esq. 9, Honrietta-street, Cavendish-opuar, W, |
1872) Cooper, Commr. B. Joy RX
1877 | 690 Cooper, Charla Ey Keg, Obneroatory-houre, Kingrdowny Bristol,
1862| Cooper, Sir Daniel, 6, De Vere-gardens, Kensingtonspalace, W,
1336] Cooper, Lient.-Cel, Edward H, (Gronadior Guards), 43, Portman-aguaryy
1800! Cooper, ieut-Col, Jouhua Ht, (7th Fusiliers), Leee hme
W878] —Gooper, Peray Hay Rage Bullielt-hall, Nottingham,
1874 ‘Cooper, William White, Raq. 19, Berkeley-square, W.
1876) Coote, Algernon O, Py Raq.y te Eten und Harrow Club, STF.
1607 *Conta, Viee-Admiral Robert, o.n. “ Shales,” Ritterne, Southampton,
1828 | Copland-Crawford, Fitsperald Hamilton, Haq, Sudburylodye, Harrow,
1874 Copland-Cowtord, Gen. RF, RA, F.0,8. Sudduryslodye, Harrow, Mickt!
1853 300 Copley, Sir Joseph Willian, Bart, Travellers’ Club, Pall-malt, 8. We
1868 Cork, Nathanial, Haq. Grennelnhouse, Sutton, Surrey,
1868 Corner, Willian Meod, Exq. Binovttaye, Londonroad, Foresi-litl, 5.2
1865, ‘Cornthwaite, Kev. "l., ma. Forest, Walthamstow,
1900 Capra Jones Eaquy 71.0, Purbrook, Crevcentswoodervad, Syele)

ill, SE, !
1877 | Consenden, John Pry Bag, 24, Holland-park, We
1868 on Frederio C, Esq, Md. Portland-eilla, Buckhursthil, Emer

r, Commercialeroad, F.

1873 Oncenicinere be Junior Navot and Miitary Chub, Balla,
2874} "Coon, Baronite, Pyroroftohouse, Chertsey, Sworey ; and 38, Rus St. Domi

Bl. Germain, Paris,
1869| Coster, Gaillaumme F., Exqe 11, Park-cresoent, Regent's-park, Ni W.
1853 | 720*Cosway, Willlam Halliday, Esq. Ozford and Cambridge Cub, SW

Coteaworth, Win, Bay. Gowdenknowes, Roxburghshire, N, B,
Cotterill, Rev, G, E, 5, Arlinjton-eltas, Brighton.
Cotterill, A. By Kgs ta. 1, Atholplace, Edinburgh,
Cottesloe, Right Hon, Lord. 20, Sutom place, 8, W. 5 and Swanbourne, Wi
Buchinghamahires
Cottrill, Robert Alfred, Ean. Spelthorneagrone, Sunbury, Métilever,
Couch, Right Hom Sir Richard, Knt. 23, Linden-gardens, Dayowateroroad
Courtenay, J. krving, Haq. 3, Plowden-buildings, Temple, B.C.
*Courtney, Hoary Nichols, Raq na, 2, Little Skanhopestroet, Mayfad
‘and National Club Waitehale gardens, SW,
Covington, Rev. W., Vieur of St. Luke's, Shepherdts-bush, W,
730 Cowan, Dr. John W. 8. Care of Mesars, A. B. Hill and Sim 101, Saudi
strech 8B,

Ld
La
15
a
a
io
7
1%
te
oT
1888
ere
ase
ao
mee
1897
mr

Royal Geographical Society. xxxvii

Comwi, Willian, Eoq, Rocktask, Lordsip-iane, Duboich, $5.

"Cowell, Liett-Cal, Sir Jn Cy, Rita, KOs, Brckinghow:pataoe, SW.

Comley, Norman, Eqs 4, Sontogueplace, Kontagwapare, W.
Cowper, Henry Aug, (ILM. Com. Puerto Stivo), Care of Mesera, Worden
and Cory 44, Charing-eroar, SW.

Sieg Brlgei Bs Ray 2-5 3, Westeniasterchambers, Victorésstreet,
Con, Samer, Faq. Orange-towse Acwdiray, Leominster, Herefordehire.
Caron, Samual Hailey, Kaq., 8.08 Uaworth~hall, Duehan.
Coyeb, Jobo &. Bag.
"Gracrvft, Renard, Kiaq., wa. Trin. Coll. Camb, Oxford and Cursbriitye Civ,
EW.) and, Roordsiu, Sock Kevlngton, 2,
720" Crmgoe, Thos, Adolphus, Key. Wood buryersita, Truro,
Conve, Leonard, Eny., 0, 7, Allemarlestrert, We
(Chane, 7. H., Bay, Simstouse, Lowlow-road, Yeovil, Somerset.
Cesiufard, George Poosonby, Ran. Jwmos Ayvee; and Travellers? Chub, &, Wi
‘Craufand, Kiett.-General James ftobertson (Grenadier Guants), Travelters’ Cla,
SW. 5 and 36, Prince's yordens, 8.W.
‘Craven, Alfred, Bay. BrcolsfeltsAouse, Fotkestone,
Crawford, Robert Wigram, aq. 71, OL Hrondatrevt, B.C.
‘Crawhey, Wor, Jolin Chetwode, Raq, ttm, 7.0.8, 8 9, Elieplee, Delta,
Comwoll, AU Ang., Req. 1, Capetcourt, B.C.» and Ratford-eicoraye, Notts,
Creswell, Hey. Samuel Francis, n.v,, Pw.a& Principal of the Hiyh Scion,

H4e"Creyler, Captain Richard Boyntin, nxt, Gridhorpeall, Filey, Yordshire,
Crhupe, Jaen, Fae. Leatherhot,
Croker, T. ¥. Dilloa, Kay. 19, Petanplace, Brompton, 8. W.
Croll, Col, A. A., C.. Gromard-fodye, Roehampton.
Grell, Alem Bay, Macintank, Grangerronl, Upper Norwood,
*Ceeakey, J. Roteay, Ea. 31, SY. Mary'sterrace, Paddington, We
Geome, Captain Arthur T. (2nd Regiment). P/ynouth.
Créese, Rey. Thomad, D.00., 2.0.4.8. Hastings.
Crumanas, James Hiscutt, Enq. itufdspork, Chineell, Eavers
Comets, leat -Colonal W., Le, C30, 30, Marcourt-torrace, Redelifie
square, 5. W,
7s0*Crowder, Thos. Mosley, Ey, M.a. Corpuy Christi College, Oxford.
Crows, Francis, Eaq., U1.0. 22, Weathoumegark-road, Ws
Crailshatk, Donald, Eaq- Junior Nawal und’ Aitury Club, Pattematt, &.¥.
Cull, Richard, Ey, v2.4. 12, Tuvistookstreet, Bedjord-epuare, W.C.
‘Cumming, Chas, Leunox 3, Haq. (Madms Civil Service). 34, Westbourne
[park-road, Baymoater, W.
‘Comming, William Fullarton, Enq., x.p, Atheneum Oud, S. Woz and
Kinellan, Edinburgh,

Cebhs, J, Gerson da, Eig., 0.0, Royal Asiatic Society, Bombay.

1873.
1869

List of Fellows of the

Cunlltfe, Roger, Esq. 10, Queen’sgate, 8. W.
Conninghasa, John Wain, Exq., See. King’s College, Somereet-house, WiC. and

*Cunynghame, Gen, Sir A.T,,X.08. United Service Club, Paliemalt, 8. W.
760 Ouse, Capel, Esq. 01, @rosvenorsstreety We

Qurling, Rov. J. Jus, Bay of Zslande, Newfoundland,

Currin, As Ay Hay, Bag, Cathy HM’ Viow-Connul, Nive,

Currie, Donald, Req, 636.0, 13, Hydepark-place, W,

‘Currie, Raikes, Raq. Miniey, Hampshire,

*Curaatjes, Manockjes, Kaqa ¥.thtNed, Villa-Byeulla, Bombay,

‘*Curtls, Timothy, Exq.

Cust, Robt, Neotham, Eaq, 64, Sl. Georye’s-spuare, 8, We

Cuttance, John Fras, J., Esq. Cleoeland-Avuse, Grevilleroad, Ailbwrn, WW,

Cunrnikow, Cesar, Esq, 29, Mfincing-lane, B,C,

77 Dason, Arthur Jaa Enq, 12, Mugdatacoitlas, Manor-rouih, New Cross, 8.2,
‘Dalgety, Fred, G., Fag. 16, Hyde-parksterrase, W.
“Dalhousie, Right Hon, Encl of. 50, Lunoastersjate, W.
Dallas, Sie Geo, E., Bart. Foreign-ofive, Downing-strest, 8.0.
D'Almelda, W. B., Eq. 19, Greenepark, Bath,
Dalton, D. Foster Grant, Enq. Shanbshouse, near Wincanton, Somerset.
Duly, Chief Justice Chas. P., tap. (President of the Ameriean Geographical
Society, New York), 64, Olinton-place, New York,
Dalyell, Sir Robb. Alex. Osborn, Bart, The Birins, Linlithgow, ¥. B.
Dame, Linut-Col. Lionel S Dawnon. Cirme-howse, Dorchester,
*Daniell, Coloael E, Staines, Hamilion-towsey Odiham, Hampshire ; and Fant
Lndin United Service Chub, 14, 8t. Sames's-aquare, 8. We
qHo Darblahire, Godfrey, Raq. Viotoria-park, Manchester,
Danroob, Geo, Ewa Kay, 40, Stanhope-gardens, S.W.; and Oxforctond Cum
ridge Clu, Palt-mall, 8, W,
*Darwiny Charles, Kaqyy say vat Down, Beokewham, Kent,
Davenport, Stmmuel, Kaj. Care of H. D. Davenport, Kap, 44, St. Samax's
street, S.W.2 and Beaumont, wowr Adelaide, 8..A.
Davidson, Duneauy Bog. 4, Lancusterngate, W.
Sele Janes, Sweinton Monor-howse, Nottingham ; ond Coriton Chub,
Davies, Sir Ry H., Kc, Chief Commisioner of Oudh, Lasknow, Care af
Messrs. Twining, 219, Strand, W.C.
Davies, Kev. BV, Faithfull, Zrinity Colteyey Busthowrne,
“Davies, Robert IC, Haq., Je, Coxhamehouse, Kart Cosham, Mante,

Darien, W. Hy, Haq. 51, Treywiter-rosil, South Kensington, &. W.
19° Davin, Bitronnd F., Bay. 8, Corb-stewet, Bomd-rtrvet, W.
Darin, Prelerick E., Haq. 20, landford-equare, ¥. We
‘Davie Comer, Hugh, u.s. Army and Navy Chad, Pall-mall,
Davis, Inael, Eaq., a. 6, King's Dench-watk, Temple, F.C.
Durie, Ror, Jemos, 7, Audani-etroet, Adelphi, W.C.
Daria. Sir Joho Prancls, Sark, .6.1, Yess, 768.0. Ad/encoum Che, 3.0:

and Hollywood, sexe Bristol.
Dawn Elwyn, Haq. Hovthfei-ady, Surbon,
*Dawnay, Honble Guy C. 8, Belyrave-square, .W.; and Bookham-grove,

‘DeLeon, Dr, Mananel, 26, Redolafegardens, West Brompton, 8-W,
Viog-Adm. ir Henry Mangles, 7A, 21, Cariton-road, Maidascale, W.
610 Drala, Aled, Kans 6 Albmarietreet, Ws

Sialiny Lieut Fen. Rodolph, oo, 123, Pull-mall, 8, W.
De Sulis, Win, Fane, Esq. Dawley-oourt, Unbriige.
Bev MOM. Kigan, 1, Belstre-part, N.W.; and London amt
1, St, James's-equare,

|

List of Fellows of the

‘Devas, Thomans, Eeq. Mount Ararat, Wimblodom,
Some ft aspera 4, But Indiacchambers, Lewdewhallostee
De Vitry, Revs Georgy ts Keep Hatoh, Wohingham, Berks,

De Woselow, Lieut Fras G, Shmpkiouan. 67, Victorivatraet, &.W:
‘Ayo Dewdney, George, Eaqy B.A. Belleceusy Chepalinn.

“Dick, Hitewilliam, Keg, ™,P, 20, Crzon-atroet, Mayfair, We

Dick, Hobert Kerry Haq. (Bengal Civil Service), Oriental Ohio, W.

“Dickinson, Fruncis Henry, Kaq., FA. 119, St, George’aquare, Pionld
3.W, j and Kingweston-pork, Somerset,

* Dickinson, Sebastinn Stewart, Raq. Xr. 12, Suffothestreet, Paltemalt ; 0
Brown shill, Stromt, Gloucestershire,

Dickinson, Thomas B., Exj, 19, Chetham-roadl, Brighton,

840 Dickson, A. Benson, Esq. 4, Newssyuare, Lincoln's-inn, W.C.

Dickson, Joba, Esq. Deyrout,

*Dicksoo, Oterr, Eig. Stockholm. Core of hix Knoelfency Barow Hooksehild.

Dice, Bernaril, Exq,, of Algoa Bay, 9, Dorsebayware, We

Digby, G. Wingfiold, Keg, Sherborneoustle, Dorset,

Dighy, Lieut-Colonel John Almerous, Chalmingtonhouse, Cattstook, Dy
cheater.

*Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth, Bart., s.r. 76, Stoane-atreet, 8. 1,
Dillon, The Hon, Arthur. 118, Pictoriaeatreet, SW.
Dimadale, J. Cry Baye 50, Cornhill, 5.0.4 and 2, Clecolandaquare, We
Dineen, Thomas, sq. 1, Leedvbeidye, Leeds, Yorkshire,
840 Divett, Ewd. Rose, Enq. Reform Club, 8.W,
Dixon, Jowph, Kaq. Hillsbret-Aalt, Shegiold,
‘Dixon, LiewtColone! Johns
Dixon, W. Hepworth, Keaq., ¥2.4. 6, St. Jamas’ terrae, St Sakn’sarood, WN, )
Dobwon, George, Ray 3 Bourne-terrave, Kingsuvodk, Lriitole
Deel, Jno,, Faq, ‘Tameut, Formosa, Care of Jno, Kuart, Kota 7, Lancaat
street, Hydepork, W,

*Dinven, Geo, Bdwarl, Kage Ravenstnovie, Anerley, 8,
Dedeon, Right Hon. John George, Mr. 6, Seanoreplace, Mayfair, We
Doran, Colonel John, ou, Peray-house, Leylanderoa, Lee.
Dorchester, Duilley Win, Curleton, Lord. 42, Borkeleyrsquare, We
260 Dore, Heury J., Hey, 38, Brutom-sireet, W.
Doria, Marshew Giacomo, Genou, Care of Mesers. Kirkland, Cope, and C
29, Salisbury-strert, Strand, WC,

Royal Geographical Society. ali

‘Wit | Donglas, John, Keq. Anguriodye, Portana,

186) Douglas, Captain Neil D, Cecil PF. 1, Morpetinterrane, Vieteriavstrent, 31. 5
nd Grants’ Ohd. &W.

Wi) Dovglas, Lieat-Ceneral Sir Perey Hart, Aentado-bovse, Tasmton, Somerset,
in Dovglas, Stewart, Esq. 49, Elinabethstreet, Faton-wpuare, & We

1673] SDoaglas, We ID. Ry Ka. Orchardtun, Castle Dovaptar No

14) Dowling, Edward Semuel, Eaq. 14, Holland-eitaa-rosd, Kesrington, W:

TT) Down, J. H. Langdon, Be, 1.0, 39, Welbeobtrent, Wj amt Noveeanafeld,
Fruapton Wick,

ISS! Downer, Richand Charky, Bq, Falvon-Aowsr, Geughepusre, 2.C.

185) 875 Doyle, Sir Francis Hastiugs Ca Bart, Custownbewsr, F.C.

WS) — *Drach, Solomon Moves, Rmj,, 7.nAa, 23, Upper Barasburg-atreet, 5.

W3) Dever, Fraderin, Eq. tow College, Windsor,

18 | *Desmmond, Capisin Alfred Menners. Army end Nary Clvs, 2.17,

1s Drnmmond, EA. Faq, Cadiands, near Southampton,

1 Deney, Rowr-Admieal Brom, 4, Cumbrikje-vdlas, Chettenbam,

487) Dryland, William, Bq. 3%, Brooktrest, Gromenor-muare, W.

31) Du Cane, Major Francis, nx. Brendooed, Barer,

1) PDucie, Right Hon. Henry John, Karl of, 7.8.8. 16, Portman-aquare, W,

WHS) Deckhamn, eon Hy Bay, HXay Dockranster, West Pndia. Docks, Iéourhouse
Entrance, KE.

18 Ho Duckworth, Haary, Boy, Holme-bonise, Colunbia-road, Oxton, Birkenhead

Do Faur, Boclestoo, Ea. Sydeey, New South Wales. Care of Miss Du Faur,
14, Lannlcene-road, Keasington-park, W.
‘*Dalf, Mountetuart Elphinstone Grant, Eaq., 1, Fort-fowse, Tieickenam.
Doll, Wm. Pirie, Esq. Culewita, Care of Messrs, John Watson und Co., 34,
| Feachurcinrtredt, BC.
VET) “Dulin, Hight Hon, Fredk. Temple Hamilion-Dlackwood, Bark of, Xt @.C.8.0,
| KCB, 1.05. Clandeboye, mou Belfast, frelon,
heh) *Lugale, Captain Henry Charles G. Merevale-sait, Atherstone, Warwick.
187! *Dugitale, John, sq. 1, Hyde-park-pardens; and Liwyn, Llanfyitin,

82 5

Oneestry.

383| —Dundar, John Samuel A., Req. 28, Pembridye-crescent, Bayseater, W.j ond
4, Barward" ein, Holorn,

195 | Dianmn, Major randls, WA MA, DO.by 1.0, Sotentijio Chub, 7, Saviles
row, We

IHL) *Danean, George, Ee, 45, Gardomayuarn, W.C.

TS | 992 Dancan, John, Baq. Care of Mesnrs, Anderson and Oo. 17, Philpot-lane, E,

1878 Donenn, Willem Alexander, Raq. Horbert-terrase, Fallowfield, near Man=

cheater.

wr Duncan, W. Hi G., aq. Scientific Club, 7, Susite-row, Ws

ssr3 Dunlepy Aleminier Milne, Key. 28, Clanrioarde-gardons, W.¢ and 3, Old
Palsoe-yard, Westminster, 8.¥.

ast Dunlop, Hamilton Grant, Eq. 11, Rockstone-place, Southampton ; and Junior
Carlton Cit, 5.7,

alii List of Fellows of the

er of

1859 | "Dunlop, R. He Wallace, Bvq.y 0.0. (tadian Civil Service). 12, Kowt-gardons,
Castlehill, Bssting,

1860 A rita pd Hon, Charles Adolphus Murray, Earl of, 50, Fontlande
place, W.

1868 | Dana, Captain F, J, A, Fortillon, Tours, France,

1875 Duna, John M,, Rag, 30, Claverton-street, St. George's-aquare, 8.1%.

1874 | Doan, Win, Esq. 95, Pivhepapatenstrant-within, EC

ine7 | 922 Dunroven, Right Hon, Wyndham hes. Karl of Coombowook Kinpstom-cn-

1875 Diinstone, J, Jobn, Raq.

1896

aert

1stT

1863
1868
1862
1804
1866
1876
1875
1861
1862

1458
1808
1st

ep fia ae Comsul-Generut de Portugal, 10, &, Merg-Ase,
Ey

Durham, Edward, Ea. Cityrhouse, Zittlo Ohester, near Deriys

Darnford, Limt-Colonel A, W., Rm

Duthie, Capt, W, Hh, ta. Devonport,

‘Dutton, Frederick H., Bay. 11, Cromucellcrescent, South Kensington, &. We

Dymon, Johu Sanford, Kaqe 12, Bosoobel-gardens, N,W.

Dyke, William Alston, Esq, (Provost, of Hamilton). The Orchard, Hamite
ton, N. 2B.

Dymes, Daniel David, Eaq. Windham Clud, 8, W.; and 9, Mincingstane, B.C.

gro Kardley-Wilmot, Major-Gen.F., ma, 78, West Cromwelteroad, 8.0.

Karla, Arthur, Eay. Childwall-lodye, Wavertree, near CAverpool; and Wind
am Club, 3:

Easton, EAward, Kay,..€.#% 7, Delahay-street, Westminster, 8.
Eastwick, Edward B., Eaq.y #ittt, 88, Holland-road, Kensington, W
Rastwick, Captain W. J. 12, Leinstersgardons, Hyde-park, W-
Eaton, Commr, Alfred, ni, Brook-louse, Melliny, near Liverpol.
Eaton, F.A., Faq. New University Club, St. amet satrect, 8,W-

“Eaton, H. Ey Haq. 98, Butland-yate, Hyde-park, 8. We
Haton, Henry William, Eaq., 9, 16, Prince’ spate, Hytecpars, 8.W.
‘Haton, William Merion, Big. 16, Prince'sgate, Hyde-park, 8, We

920 Katwell, Surgeon-Major W.C. Ban, Oriental Clwt, Hanover-square, We
Ebten, Alfred, Baq.

"Ebdon, Charles J., Haq, RA, Coghurst-holi, Hastings.
Eber, General F

Ehory, Right Hoo. Lord, 107, Parkstrevt, Gromenoneyuare, Wap ond
Moor-park, Herts,

Badge, Rev. W. du, 84, Combe-Martinshowse, Upper Tooting, 8.W.

Ragoworth, M, P,, ing. (Bengal Civil Service), Maxérim-howsr, Anerley, 8B

Ridmonds, Soha Thor., aq. Curnaronstouse, Vartay, near Pontypoot, Monmouth
shire.

186
7
Wt | 932 Kawards, Rev. A... xa. 39, Upper Kenningtonniame, $1.
15) Edwards, G.T., Haq xa. 1, Dr. Johuvon'rbusldings, Temple, BC,

Wat) *Eitwandts, Henry, Ey, 0. 53, Berkeley-nyware, W.

Um! Edwards, James Lyon, faq Holmeoed, Kingston-hill, Surrey,

14] wards, Colonel J.B., x cn, Cred Service Clu, 8.W. ; ond Slorncife
Comp, Kent.

MSL) gerton, Rear-Admiral the Hon, Francia, 36x, Devenalire-touse, We

Wh) der, A. Ly Bq. Gampdnshouse, Kensington, W,

WE) “Elder, George, Raq. Knock-oastle, Ayrahire,

161 Eley, Charles John, Eaq. 5, Pellam-place, Kensington, 8.W.

18S) Elias, Ney, jun, Haq. 93, fnverneamterrace, Buynoater, W.

181)| g40 Ellenborongh, Colonel Lari, Holly Spring, Brocknell, Berks ; and 33, Chapels
street, Relgrove-syware, 8.1

lt Elle, Jamnimoa, ay. WhwNedon-common, 8,1.

475) Elles, Major Wm, Ku, 38th Regt. Army and Navy Club, Pall-malt, 8, W.
‘MT! *Eiliot, Colonel Chas, cn, 28, Stafford-terrace, Kensington, W.

WH) Elliot, G.y Ras Cum, The Hall, Houghton-le-dpring, near Fence Hourat,

MST] Elliot, Capt. LR. La Matiterayeaur-Seine, Seine Inférieure. Care of J.

Ztiot, Big C4, Albany, W.

wry] Elliot, William, Esq. 3, The Limes, Lambert-road, Brécton-rise, 8. W.

Jers] Eiliot, Lisut. The. Hon, William Fitzwilliam, 48, Katomequarey 5.W. 7 and

Afinto-house, Hassiok, SN. B.

tins! Elis, Sir Barrow H., Kost. (Mem, Council of India). 68, Gromueiiroud,

SW. 3 and Indionoffice, &.W.

ten Bilis, Hou, Evelyn H. Baleigh Club, Regent-atrest, & W.

WS) 950 Kile, W. BH, Bey. Harfeldrectory, Glowester ; Oriental Club, W.; and
Bycalls Chub

Wt) Kilis, Walter LJ, Haq. 7, Drunswick-place, Kegent'xpark, N.W.

hich Boule, Jon A, Bog.

isa Eleaslie, William, Eg. The Lawrela, Richmond-hith,

1 Elphinstone, Major Sit Howard C., V.c., 0.2. 6.0. 0.2.0, Buokingham-palace,
cad

irs Blsey, Jno, Green, Esq. Morant-howre, Addivon-road, Kensington, W.
1864) Elscy, Colonel Willistn, —West-lodye, Baling, We

WT) Elton, Sir A.H., Bart, Athenaeum Club, SW; and Clecadon-conrt, Somerertshive,
3 Elton, Capt, Frederick, Cure of Mosers. IZ. 8, King and Co., 45, Palbmait,

1st | Bwell, We. G., Bay. Bathurst-todge, Spring-grove, Ialecorth,

1468 | 960 Ely, John Henry Wellington Graham Loftus, Marquia of 9, Prince’ sgate,
Wey and Ely-oostie, Feroanagh,

it Emery, Joba, Eq. 15, Duynalleparhwoitiar, South Norwood,

a

List of Fellows of the

Enfield, KAward, Eaq., v5.4. 19, Cheiterterrace, Regent’ spark, ¥.We
SERN on 18, Baton-rios, Ealing, W. i ened United Sercioe

Errington, Geo.. Raq. ar. 16, Albany, W.

“*Tirekine, Hon, Chas, He 8. AXoapark, Alloa, NB,

1870 aking, Clute J., Rey. (Bombay Civil Service). 87, Harley-street, W.; and
Athenawm Chub, 8,W.

sreigrerd Elphinstoae. 1 Ly ADbany, Wey and Lockent
marie la ae

square, SW
Evans, Captain B,J. 0,5 mit OE, FMAy FMA Myles

“Evans, Vice-Admiral George, 1, Zeer Springsgordons, S.W.z aad
Bulkeley house, Englefeld-green, Sbai

Evans, Lient-Colonel Henry Lloyd. ae St, James'ssquare, SW.
Evans, Thos, Winy Baga air. Allestree-balt, Derty,
"Evans, W., Haq.
1603 | 930 Evans, Colonel William Edwyn. 55, Seymourstreet, Portwonaquare, Ws
1807 Evans, W. Herbert, Kiq. Forde Abbey, Chard, Dorset.
1861 ——-Erelyn, Lieut.-Colonel George P.
1451 “Evelyn, William J, Kaqy Raa. WotfowsRous, Wotton, near Dorking.
1830 | “Everett, James, Em, 18.A-
1865 | -Kreritt, George As, Haq, Awoudestatt, Wareiokihire,
18T4 will, William, Ba. Lynoombe-house, St, Join's-Aill, Wansdewerti,
1873 | Ewart, John, Ieaq. 7, Lamoasteractreet, Hyde-park, W,
1896 Bwing, J.D, Cram, Beq. 9, Zae-atreet-aqware, BC.
1857| Eyre, Bdward J, Hing, The Grange, Streple Aston, Oxford.
1461 | 999 Eyre, George E. Key, 09, Zormdernpuare, Brompton, 8 We
1856) Eyre, Major-Gen. Sir Vincent, Kent, Adhenawm Civ, 8, W.

1873 Flr, John, Kaq. 50, Humiltonsterrace, St. John'sarcod, N. We

1870 | Fairbridge, Charles, Eaq. Care of Her, J. 2, Feat, Bolsoott, near Banbury.
ise0 Fairfax, Captala Henry, wx. Army and Novy Club, SW.

Paisholme, George Knight, Bey. Care of Mr, Ridywoay,

1, Pieoalilly, We

Royal Geographical Society. xiv

Fairland, Edwin, Baq,, an. (Surg. 21st Homers), Lactnow, Oude.

Falesuer, Thomas, Esq Usk, Monmouthshire,

Yalldend, Right Hou. Laciun Beatincie, Viscount, Skusterabel/e, Yartatire.

Fone, Edward, Keg. 14, St. Sames's-opuere, SW

ro0o*Fanshawe, Admiral E.G... Bayal Naval Cobleye, Greenwich.
Parmer, Edmund, aq, 10, Soatheriot-place, Myde-purh-oquare, W.

Parmer, James, Esq. 6, Porchestersgute, Kewsinglongardons, W.

Son oadiehe ed Care of Messrs. Fockes, Fortes ond Co, 9, King
Wittianestreet, F.

sforyunrca nortan @. Nel. Crkert Service Cindy Paitamall, 5. We

Farrer, Hy, Ridbd., bog, 46, Basoogi., S.W.; and Groce Memmerton-hall, York,

‘Barrer, W: Jas, Haq. 18, Upper Broskstreet, W.

Furuse, Mirsa Bahim, (Teheran) Care of Messrs, Orindley and Co,
55, Poriament-street, 8, W,

‘*Faoleormr, Rob. Stephen, Haq. Rrirdawn, Clharence-read, Clapham-park, 3. W.

Paulaner, Joowyis, Eqs 103, Asylunarond, 8.

roro*Faunthorpe, Kor. J. 1, 0a. Waitelands Troining-coltege, Chelrea,
Pawortl, Captain Edward Boyd, ¥.a, 3, Darnparkelerrace, Teignmouth, Devon.

Fassett, Predecick, tiq., 3.0. Westgate, Louth, Lincwinahine.

*Payrer, Surgeon-Geversl Sir Joveph, x.0.2.1., 31.0. 15, Oranvidleplace, Port-
manayuero, W.

Felden, Capt, Hy, Wemyas, R.A. 2, Gromenor-terrace, Aldershot.

*Peklden, (neat.xColonel O, 1 (7Hth Highlanders), Ahmet, Choréey, Lancashire,

Palkio, William, Poq., jun v.08, Care of Brn, H, Daxvom, 8, Stratford

‘Nvidinggham.

square, '.
Fann, Thomss, Esq. 14, Ledford.aquare, W.C.

Fesner, William A., Esq. Zfatched-ouse Club, St. Sames'srtreet, 8. W. 7 and
‘Woodlands, Kenn, wear Bxetor.

Ferguson, Jo En. 10, Staple Inn, W.C.

so207Fergumen, James, Bip, YK InC-be 20, Langhameplace, W.

Berguson, Right Hon, Sir Jame, Bart, Xidherran, Maybole, N, 2.
Hersis, Colonol W. Spiller. 1, St, Michasl'myardens, Notting-hd, 8. W.
Pesting, Major Hobort, mr, South Konnnycon Maseom, 5, We
Few, Kobart Hamiltoo, Keq, Scuthery-grange, Lanyfield-road, Wimbleson.
‘Pleiding, Charles, Bey, 9) Culwarsirest, £.C.; and. Verwam Cid,
Fielden, SJouhuay Kags Mt. Nutfild-priony, Redhill, Surrey,

‘*Figgis, Faunuel, Keg. The Lawn, 105, Tulee-hill, 8.
Finch, Jeondab, Sig, Alma-housr, Willesden,
Flodlsz, Joho, Enq. 10, Belmont-cresvent, Plasyow,

1030Fian, Alerandor, Faq. Teheran,

Firth, Fra, Helme, Eoq. 25, Cookarur-sireet, SW
Firth, Jobs, Hisj., 2.8. Cure of MMesers. H. Buckland and Son, Hep-gardans,
Bt, Mortin'e-lane,

1 WO

Fitch, Frederic, Hay, v.nacs. Madleigh-howse, Hightury-new-park, ¥,

|

List of Fellows of the

‘*Fite-Adam, Jobn T., Bag 5, Phillimore-gardens, Kensington, WF,

‘*Pitzclarence, Commander the Hon. George, x.%, 1, Warstobapsere, $. 7%.

Fitzgerald, A., Taq. Verulam Olu, 54, St, James's-vtreet, SW.

Fitagerald, G, V. 8, aq. Fadia-afice, 5, W.

Fitagerald, Captain Kenne, $, Portland-place, Ws

Fite-Gerald, HU, Peorase, Ray, 110, Ratonsayuare, 8. W.
roqoFite-James, Frank, Eaqy, 8% Benares, Cure of W, Whiteley, eg Wele

bournegrove, Bayswater. .

‘*Fite Roy, Capt. Rob. O'Brien, ns. Uniled Sereice Chub, Pall-mall.

Pitawilliam, The Hon, Cy W., ar. Brooks's Chub, St, James’sstreet, 8. We

*Hitewiliam, William 8, Bay. 12, Gunter'egrore, Wert Brompton, 5. W

*Yitewilliam, Williaa Thomas, Earl, 4, Groseenorsquare, W. + ond Wentworth
anse, Rotherham, Yorkshire,

Fleming, ©. Eq 80, Combridge-road, Kilburn, N. We

‘Fleming, John, Ksq., 8.1. Hemewood, Chineliverst,

Fleming, Sandford, Eaq., 02.0. 7.0.4, Ottowa, Qanads; and 16, Durume
sillas, Kensington, W.

Flowing, Rev. 7-8. The Viearage, St, Clement's, Leeds

‘*Flomyng, Ler. Francis P. Syor Bhoann, near Dunoon, Argyleshine.

s0soFletaher, Thomas Keddey, Ky. Cnion-look, Limeheunt, 2
Fletcher, W, Eleary, Wing, Prkeedye, Blackheath-park, 8.8%

Fogo, J, M.S, Esq. (Surg.-Geveral), Army and Naey Chub Paltemail, SW:
Foley, LinutaGen. the Hon, St. George, c.. 24, Holtonastreet, We
“*Heljnmbe, Cecil G8, Enq Cookzlode, Ollerton, Newark.

Folkard, A, Raq. Thatohed~ House Club, 8t, James'sstreet, & W.

rotoPoord, John Bromley, Raq. May-vills, Besley-hewth,
Woot, Capt. C.K, RM. Care of Montrs, Hildreth ond Ommaney, 61, Noefolim
street, Strand, W.C. ; and United Sortice Club, Pal-mall.

Forbes, A. Litton A., Hig. Buotingham Cid, 1, Reentortreet, 8, W.
ery ah Gare of Mesara, H. 8, King ond Cor, 48, Pall

Forbes, Ceo, Edward, Req. Colinton, Jpswioh, Queensiands Uwion Chad, 8. Wf
LL, Meloitlestreet, Edinburgh ; and New Ciub, Kdinturgh,

Fores, General Jno,, cx, noerermun, Strathdhm, Aberdeenshire ¢ and Mesars,
Forbes and Co., 12, Leadenhallatreet, F.C.

Forbes, Major Jno, G,, #,8, Care of Messrs, Grindlay and Coy 55, Parikament=
strect, 8. W.5 and 14, St. James'esquare, 8. We

Forbes, 5. 8, aq. London, Chatham, and Dover Raikeay Office, Vietertm
station, 8.W.

Reyal Geographical Society. alvii

EQSEEESEE FEE

Pecbes, Leck, at.4, Carte Fivken, Aberdeenshire,
Fortes, W. ¥., sq. Loch-ooterhouse, Bathgate, 27.8.3 ant Castteton,
1070F eed, Majordisnoral Barnett (late Governor of the Andaman lalands}. 31,
Qeeensborongh-terrace, Hyde-pork,

*Vecheng, Major-General J..G. £. (Molens Stall Corps), Chartered Mercantile
Bunk, 65, Old Broadsstreet, ZC,
*Forrmt, Alrz, Haq, Survey Department of Furth, Western Austraiic,
Forrest, Jamon, eq, Xicricmuir, N. 5,
"Forrest, Joo, Ea, Perth, Western Australis,
Forman, Corr. 0. A, (Conrul for Portugal), Potechefstroom, Tronsosol Re
puldic, 8, Afrion Care of Vicomte Daprat, 10, bt. Mary Age, B.C.
Porter, Hon, Anthony. 5, Anplesastervace, St, Leonardonon-Se,
“Forster, Job, Raq. Oriental Club, Hanaser-epaare, We
‘te8o*Forster, Right Hon. William Edward, ¥.P, 80, Aeclrston-eguare, 5.W,7 and
Burley, neor Otley,
Forsyth, Sir T. Douglas, .G4.tC.1 70, Onslow-gurdens, & Kensington, 8 W.
_Poenyth, Willlamny Lay Hat 04, G1, Raltand-gate, S. We
‘*Fortescne, Hon, Dodley F. 9 Mertfort-street, Mayfair, W.
Pom, Kdweed William, Raq. Frenaham-house, Orayilom,
Fos, G. Lush, Esq, Clevodon-howse, Coronation-yoad, Bristol
Foster, Ldmond, Bay» jun, Leahare-rood, Cromweltroa, W.
Koster, James Murray, Hay ToM.Doy 2.4 FHA Be Nascerah, Leese,
Bengal, Care of Jeoxzh Foster, £29., Collumpton, Doeom,
Foater, Norsis T., Esq. Aston-park, neur Birmingham.
Fower, it. Gy Enq. 4, St, Sama’ s-place, Glouoeater.
seqeFowler, A. Grant, Ex, Care of Alex. Dencon, Kaz, Beckenham, Kent.
“Fowler, J, T., Haq, 13, Burlington-road, Woitbourne-park, W,
‘Fowler, Jobs, Leja, 6% Thornicoect-lodye, Campden-hill, W.
*Farlery Robert Noy Eas Xr» 50, Covwhilly ie, andl Toitenhorns
For, Majqiien. Ac Lane, Guildford, Surrey.
For, D. Mv, BaqujCbief Eng. Santor and St, Paulo Bailway. St. Paulo, Brasil,
Care of Ge i. Hillier, Bay, 113, Greshanedouse, Vid Broudestrest, B.C.
Pox, Francie B, Eag, via. Thy Mount, Monnamend, Plymouth,
For, Francis Win., Esq, Grove-house, Stoke Bishop, near Bréstol.
Fea, Lieut, Ts An, mv.n. Core of Mevors. H.8, King and Cow Gb, Cornhill, ZC,
*Frnks, Aug. W., Eq. 103, Viotorianstreet, &
‘rHooFrenks; Charles W., Bags
Frowr, Cupiain H.A., Lx. Zanzibar.
Fraser, Jax Gennt, Esq., On, 9, Great Queen-street, Wentminster, 5.1.
‘Praser, Captain T. Core of Col. Macdonald, Senior United Service Club, 8. W.
Frater, Alex, Eaq. H.M.'s Consul, Tummy, Formosa, Cars of James Prater,
Busy Townhouse, Aberdeen,

em 2

" Prema, Colonel James H, Wemtnallhouse, Shropshire te
Olu, 9. We
s1soF rere, Linat, Bartle CA, Care of Sess, Catan Ong Cray'nourt, 8.
Frero, Bartle John Laurie, Eaq. 45, Bedford-equare, WiC,
Prem, George, Kay. 16, Grout Collegestreet,S.We ~
Frere, Right Hon, Sir Hy. Bartle Kway Batty 2405 OvtIey OSL y Diab
Cape Town,

Frere, William Eéw., Enq, RAS. The Rectory, Bitton, Ploucestershire,

‘*Freahfield, Dougie Wa. Esq, 0, Stanhope-guniena, South Kensington, SW;
and United Onivernty Club, 8. We

*Preshfield, W, Dawes, aq. Gh, Westbourne-terrace, We

Frewen, fichard, Faq. Wanderers’ Club, Pati-malt, 8. We

Priedrichsen, Aug, Daniel, Keq, 3, Quaen’s-gate-terrace, S We,

Frith, fev, William, 3, Brunaoick-cllas, Cambridge-roat, Twrnham-grom,

1420°F ry, Proderick Morris, Raq. 14, Montague-stroct, Russelt-square; W.C,

Fry, Rov. Henry John, Selly, Yorkshire,

Fuidge, Willian, Bq, 8, Park-row, Bristol,

Faller, Thoms, Faq. Brazilian Suimarine Telegraph Co., 8, Great Winchester:
strest, E.C.3 and United University Club, SW,

Fussell, Rev. J. G. Curry. 51, Victoriavstrect, 8, W.; and Kilothehane-castle,

Fyfe, Androw, Raqy 340, 112, Bremplon-read, 8.¥P,
Fytche, Licat.-General Albert, 0.5.1. Pyryo-park, Haveringraite Bower, near
omnford, Kevex 1 and Reform Cus, 3.

"Gabrielli, Antoine, Eaq. 6, Queen'sgate-terrace, Kensington, SW.
Gahan, C. Fa, Bq, Indinnoffice, 8, Wag and Woodsloc, Kiagaton-hilt,
Galbraith, James W., Haq. Corryoille, Cromveit-road, 8, W,; and Baaahe
house, Wemys-bay, NB,
1130Galbrelth, Wen. Robert, Key, €.8, 1, FincAfey-roa 7, We
» Care of Mr. A. S. Tuyford, , Soithamptomatrnd,

“Galloway, John Jaunes, Bing.
Galsworthy, Frederick Thomas, Kesq. 8, Queen'ngate; Hydespark, 8.7,
Gabeworthy, Robt. Herbert, Eaq. 61, Cloucester-place, Portmansequare, We

“Galton, Captain Douglas, nx, 12, Chester-strect, Gromenor-place, 3, We

Galton, Francis, Rep ata. vats. 42, Rutlandazate, 8, Wez and d, Bertie

terrace, Leamington,

Royal Geographical Society. alix

‘Galton, Theodore Howand, Kar. 7, Quoen'mgate; and Hadvor-Aetere, Dreihees.

‘*Gaimmelly Major Andrew. Dirwmtockty, Kincardineshire, N, By

Gartivar, Chas, Eaq, The Temple, Goring, Oxford,
nige*Gardiner, H, J, Eaq. 0, Orsett-terrace, Weathowrne-terrace, W.

Gantoer, Christopher T,, Raq. H.M.'s Coosa, Kinngohows, Ohisa, Care of John

Gardner, vj, Sebsaco-tihst, Reelamptoa tame.

Ganiner, BeareAdmiral G, He Woodside, Eitan,

Gardner, Haory Dent, Bq. Sherwocd, Etham-road, 8.8,

Gartner, Joho Dunn, kay.

‘*Gamiot, John P,, jam, Eq. The Culvers, Carshalton, Surrey.
Guotrell, Liout-Col. James E. (Beng. Stat Corps), Swrveyer-Teneral"s Office,
Cakewtta, Care of Hl. T. Gastrett, Erg. 98, Liacols'rtnm-flelds, W.C.
z4soMGatty, Charles Hn Raq, Xk. Pélbeiiiye-park, Fast Grinstead, Sussex,

Gawher, Colonel J.€, Tower of Lewlon, B.C,

Gayfer, Win., Bags H.4,, LID, Mifle-clase-schcol, Bromley, Kent.
*Geiger, J00, Lewis, Exq, 75, Onalow-yardens, South Kensington, SW,
*Gillatly, Edward, Eq. Uplands, Sydeahor,

George, Rev. H. B. ew College, Ozford,

*Ghewy, Albert Brown, Esq. cu. ‘Thatohed-flowse Cis), 8. W.
“Gibb, George Henderson, Eaq- 15, Viotorva-atroet, Westminster, &,W.
© Gitte, HL Huck, aq. 31. Dunstan's, Hegent’epark, N.W.
Gibbs, James, Keg.
s1boGidbs, Jno, Dison, Enq. The Willows, Englefeld-green, N.
Giteon, James Y,, Faq. Care of Mesers. Williams and Norgate, Henrietta
street, Covent-Garden, W.0.

Giles, Ernest, oq. Cure of Hon, 1, Elder, Adziaite, 8 Australia,

Giles, Rev. Win, Theophilus, aa. Netherleigh, Chester,

‘Gilford, ReatAdiniral the Hight Hoa. Lord, 8, Hereford-jardens, 8,W, + and
Admiraity, Witehott, 8. W.

Gill, Captain W, Jry Xt. Ly dinturgh-mansions, Vietoriavetreet j and Junior
Unites Service Cid, Charles streot, &.W.

Gillespie, Alexander, Kaq. Heathfield, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.
*Gillespe, William, oq. (of Torbane-hill), Ai, Meletlosetreet, Edinburgh,
‘Gillett, Alfred, Bey. 27, Chesham-place, 8. W.

Gillett, William, Kaq. 81, Hertford-street, Mayfair, We
‘TE7OGIlliat, Algernon, Haq. , Sxencagter-gate, W.
Gillen, Robert, Bags, ct, Clare of Mesars, Reith and Wilkie, Dunedin,
vege, NZ. er Messrs, Sampson Lavo and Co., 138, Fleetatrect, B.C.
*Gileuan, Ellis, Kaq. 5, Sumeegardens, Myde-park, W.
od ‘Thomas Matthew, Keq. 41, Upper St, Germain'sterrace, Black

‘VOL. XLVI, d

Gladstone, George, Kaq. 3, Fenteoriing, Cliftoneite, Rrtghtom, |
Gladstone, J. Ha, Eaq., U.D, LT, Pembridge-syuare, We

EL, .
Jue Honry, Londton-street, Edeabnngh. Care of
ition Bi 8, Roy od Oo 48 Batons 2 :
Glass, H. A., Raq, St. Kilda, Vanbruph-park, Blackheath, &.B. "
1180Glen, Joseph, Beq., Mem, Geogr, Soe, of Bombey. Oriental Ciel, We
Glover, Capt. Sir John H., 1.N., 0.0.9.5. 27, Burysatrest, St. Samer's, SP,
Glover, Robert Reaveley, Hay. 22, Groat St. Helen's, B.C. Mh
Glover, Colonel T. G., 1. Barwood, Mersham, near Baker, Surrey. ‘
Glyn, Sir Richard George, Bart, Army ond Novy Cid, 8.
Gond, Thomas William, Faq. Care of Mowers, Coutts and (i, Steamy We,
“Godman, F, Da Orie, Ray. 6, Tonterdenestroct, W.j and Chikd Ohefordeonse,
Blandford.

Goldeanid, Bartle, Eaq. 82, Nottingham-place, Marylebone, W. =

Goldemid, MajoGea, Sir Frederic Joho, K.0.5.t4 C1, 30
Kensington ; and Onited Service Club, 8. W.

Goldemid, Sir Julian, Dart. 105, Piovadilly, We

riyoGoldsworthy, It. Tucked, Key. Army and Navy Ctub.

Gooch, Thomas Longridge, esq. Teamelodiye, Sultuell, Gatethead-on- Typ, |

Goodall, Abmbarn, Kaq,, ¥.R.C8,, InsprotareGonern! of Hoxpitale (Rotirnl Lint)
4, Eleasten-place, Queen's-gote, 8. W.

Goodall, George, Ej. Junior Cartton Oh, 8.77.

‘Goodenough, Lieut-Col, W, H., na. 49, Weymoulh-street, Portland-placs, W.

Goolinge, Jan. W., Esq. 13, Alderayatenstrect, B,C,

Goodlife, Fras. Cimber, faq. Care of Mesars, Goodlife and Scart, 9%, Diahaph
gaterséroct-within, E.0,

“Goodlife, Henry, faq. Admiralty, 8.W, ; and Juntor Athenevm Cie, We
Goodman, Alfred Wia., aq. Heath-house, Deloederey Kerbs
“Goodwin, Willian, Esq. 27, Gromenor-road, Birkenhead,
12c0"Goolden, Charles, Esq. Uniledl University Olu, 8, We
Golden, Joseph, Esq. 18, Lancaster-gate, W.
“Gordon, General the Hon, Sir Alexander H., K.c.n, 50, Quernegategardess,

South Kensington, 8. W,

Gordon, Arthur Leo, Esq. 0.0, Wardhowee, Aberdeonahire ; and 42, Dicker
street, St, James's, 8.W,

Gorton, Major Edward Smith, nA, Royal Carriage Department, Reyat
Arsenal, Woolwich; and Naval and Military Club, Piccadilly, We

Gordon, J. Newall, Exq, dMorro Velho, Minas Geraes, Peart: eee
strect, Portmansquare, W.

Gordon, Robt, Lay 0, Care of Afr D, Natt, 270, Strand, W.0.

Gordon, Russell Manners, Esq. Care of Mfesers, Robarts, Laiibook and Qs, 15, |
Lombard-street, E,C.

EEE

Royat Geographical Society. ii

Sewer, Cure of Messrs, Hallett and Co, %, St, Martin’
bi propre ag 8B, Quemn-sqsare, Both,
sa1eGore, 3 c, Care of Afesers.
Sie be) oe Grindiny and Co. 85,

Getic, My, Jen, ag, Ortop, Highyatervat, 3.7,

Googh, Hogh, Visconnt, x18 Lough Cutrs Castle, Gort, Oo, Gehroy,

“Gould, Abraham, Boy. Somersetsilye, 111, Adelailenroad, N.W.

Gould, Ber, Jax Aubres. L4, Alvamy, W.

Gould, Joba, Lage, F%ty Tot. 26, Charlottenst., Bedfordmaquare, W.C.

Gould, Rew. Robert John. Strutjeld Mortimer, sear Reaching.

Gourley, Colonel E., ar, Sunderland,

saxeGratham, Michecl, Eaq., 1.0,

Graeme, H. M. $., Bag. Care of Messrs. Grindlay and Co., 55, Pariiament~
ret, 8.77.

‘Grbam, Andrew, Esq. (Stall Sarg. n.x.). Army and Nowy Ob, 8.77.

Graham, Cyril ©., Kay, CXD., Governor of Greonda, West Indies,

Graham, J. ©. W. Pool, Req. 1, Carlislepluce, Viotoriavstreet, 8.W. 5 and
Broelt’s Oh, St. Famed rstrent, &.W.

‘Grudam, Jumes Henry Stoart, eq. 1, Beigrare-road, Shepherd’sbush, W.

Crnirars, Robert Ger,, aq. 8, Albans, Lainptonone Zhamen,

‘Graham, Thomas Caninghams, sq. Corlion Club, 8, W.z and Dunlop-howse,

"Grant, Andren, Eaq, tntermay-house, Bridge of Zurn, ¥. B,
‘Grant, C. Mitchell, Esq.
tayetirent, Daniel, Haq, 12, Cleceland-gardens, Hyde-park, We
“Grant, Francia W., Eag. 40, Pall-mall, 8, We
Grant, Lient-Cel, James A., C0, OA1., rus. E. Tndia 0. 8, Club, 8. We 5
19, UpperGrosenorsstreet, W.; and Howsenlt, Navn, N. 5.
Grant, Jno., Bq. Grummpiavrtodize, Putney,
Paro Joho Macpherson (92nd Highlanders), The Castle, Hallervtalloch,
Grant, Capt, J. Murray (Inapwetor Cape Frontier Police), Cape of Good Lope.
Gratha, Gon, Kay. Barcomte-pluce, near Lever,
Grattan, Emund A,, Eaq., H.M. Consul, Antwerp, Care of A. Bartholeyna,
Bop, Conadauildinys, Ningaetreet, Westminster, S.W.
Gray, Auilvew, Ey. 14 Lime-sireetoquare, 2.0.
‘PGiray, Arcbital, Eaq, 87, Holland-parh, W.; ond 13, Austin Friars, 2.6.
‘12g0Gray, Charles W,, Bag. 14, Cheater-terrace, Reyent'e-park, N. We
Gray, Matthew, gq. St. Join’ part, Blackheath, SE.
Grey, Matthew Hamilton, Eq, St. John's-parkh, Blackheath, 8.8,
Orny, Robert Kaye, Eq. St, John's-park, Klaohheath, 5.8.
d2

a7

li List of Fellows of the

es, |
Gray, LieatColone) Willinen, Farley-half, Reading,
Greathed, Maj-Geu. Wilberforce W. H, 0.8. Pengo, Lying
Greaves, Rev. Richart W. 1, Wihilehall-gardens, 8, W,
recn, Captaln Francis (98th Regiment), —

Gree, Geo, Eoy. Glanton-howse,

Green, Geo. P. Faq, 100, Goverstract, Radjfordcayvare, WiC.
12s0Green, Joseph E,, Eaq. 124, Myddationsquare, BC.

Groen, Colonel Maleclm, cu, 78, St, Georye'sroad, 8. W.

Greeo, Walter, Esq. 15, Fallemalt, 5. W,

Greon, Rov, Way HA. Chaplain to the Tower of Londen,

Groen, Major-General Sir W. H. Ry .0.8.q Gt, 99, Belgraneread $7,

‘Grownfield, Thomas Challen, Beg. 8, Basngalestret, B.C; uml 6, On

villas, Addivcombe,

‘*Greonfield, W. B., Raq. 39, Plomovaterssquare, Prior Ws oa
Cha, 5. W. |

Grewaup, W. Thomas, Bay. The Leys, Cunbridye, |
"Gregory, Sir Augustus Charles, Surreyor-Gemeral, Brisbane, Queemild

Grogory, Charles Hatton, Kequ, 0x. 1, Delahaysiret, Westeinuter, am,
1260%Gregory, Prancis Thomas, Esq. Queensland, }
Gregory, leano, Kg. Merohanty’actege, Blackpool.

‘*Grellot, Henry Kobort, Key. Care of AC afin, Kog., 41,
Greafell, Heary i, Esy., ar. 15, St. James'e-place, 8.
"Creswell, Rev, Pichard, MA, 0 39, St. Gilerertreet, Oak. fl
Orey, Albert, Erq,, wa. St. Sames’spalace, &
Grey, Charles, Eaq.. The Cottage, Staines.
*Gray, Sit Georgy, K.C.M,
Grey, Mejor LJ, Hy CA (Se oon

oon Salt Eee om. ;

Geignaa, James, Koy. 95, Daryratreel, St. James’ 6,1.

Grindrod, Re. B,, Kay M.D. U1.0.,¥.t8, Bo, Towmsend-howe, Maleers.

seapramy onda Colomin, Ceylon. Care of Edwart Woods, Eoy.,0.u
Great Geargererest, 8.W.

eeted nanan 16, Brookitreet, Doni-atroet, W,

Grore, George, Bag. Lower Sydenham, 8.2.

steers, Opa ergs Piven a, 28, Collingham-place, South Keaviaytin,
Gruneicen, Charles Lewis, Eaq. 16, Surrty-street, Strand, W.C.
Goilleward, Bs HH, Koy. ita, Henk.
Gunn, Arthor, fq. 4, Oud-eitlas, amipstoad, NW.
BE ney Captain Edmund TL, wx. Army and Navy Chib, 5.W.; ont
21, Aryylleroad, Campieniili, W.

*Gurmey, John H, Eaq. North Repps, Norwich,

Gurtiny, Sarsnel, Fisy. 20, Hanocersterrace, Kegent spark, H.W.

Gwyene, Fran Ay bog. 15, Burycstrect, St. Jamed's, 8,

cere Somes Ey ina > Bi 87s. 75, te 97, Harley-street, W. 7
‘anf Ciif-souse, , Kishore.

Gwynne, Samuel G., kag. Shoulvidt College, Cannovk, Staford,

Gwyther, Joho Hownrd, Haq. Ellersie, Park-hecod, Adiiscombe,

Habicht, Cloudiue Edward, aq, 114, Kbury-stevet, Futon-eyuary, 3, We

Haddan, J. 1, Eay, 25, Great Goorge-street, 8. W.

Hatow, J. W., Esq. 13, Brufomsirect, Berkeley-syuare, W.j and t+, St.
Tamed ereare, 8.

‘13e0Hadwen, John Henry, Kay. Park-rond, Wondeworth

‘Haines, €, Heary, Boq., wn. 1, South-terrace, Cork

Halrby, Edward, Eq, 29, Vietoria-villas, King Bdward eroul, S. Hockney.

mye Edward, Ms, Eton Golleyes and United University Cha,
BW

Halford, PB, Heq. 26, Cleveland-gariins, Hyde-park, W.

Halifix, Right Hon. Viscount, 6.0.1. 10, Belgrave-sq., 8.W.} and Hiealeton,

Yertaire.
*ifalkett, Kev. Dunbar 5, Little Bookham, Surrey,
‘*Halkett, Commander Peter A., RX.

Hall, Alex. Lyons, Raq. Zyons-court, Lodrokersad, Holland-park, W.
Hall, Charles Hall, eq, Watergatehow, Kmancorth,
‘agroHall, Bd. Alg., Bey, 20, Claryer-sireet, W.
Hal, James ManAlester, Raq. Killean,
Hail, James Tebbutt, Raq. Fore-street, Limehouse, FE.
‘tl, — Rotert, c.0, 88, Croven-hill-gardens, W.; and Admiralty,
aw.

List of Fellows of the

Mall, Thomas F., Reqy v.08. 2yflngham-house, near Leatherhead.
Hall, Won, Ed Bey. 20, Onslourgardens, 8.0.
Hall, Admiral Sir William Hutcheson, €.c.n., Pmt. United Service Club,
S.W.; and 48, Phillimore-gardens, Kensington, We
Hallowes, Francis, Kaq, 7, Savide-row, We
‘Halpin, Copt. B.C. 48, Old Broadasivoet, B.C.
Lieuts Andrew (102nd Regiment), Zhe Hse of Falhlund, Pifes
and Naval and Military Chub, W.
1320Hamilton, Archibald, Esq, South Barrow, Bromley, Kent,
Harailtoa, Charles Edward, Esq, Apsfey-housr, Whitohwrch, Monmouth,
Hamilton, Lord Claude, 19, Fatonegy 5,W,; and Barswreourt, Co. Tyrone.
“Hamilton, Captain Henry G., K.¥, 71, Becleston-square, &. Ws
Hamilton, Jo. G, C., Bay. 54, Eatonplace, 8.1.
Barailton, Admiral Kchard Vesey. 14, East Cormbe-oidias, Blackheath, 5.
be¢ seca pe na (Grevoilloe Gourds). Guards! Club, Palla,
‘Hamilton, Rowland, Raq, Oriental Glut, W.
Hamilton, Walter, Bey. 9, Duko-wtrort, Adelphi, WiC.
Hamilton, Kesr-Admiral WA. Baillie. Macartney-Aouse, Blackheath, 8.8.
Ceagiapele Reelin. a Guia, Cure of the Mydregraphreofficc, Ade
Hampton, Itight Hos, Lond, @.0.0, 41, Zatonapuare, S.W. ; and Wealtewod
park, Droitwich, Worcestershire,

Hanbarys Ru Ws Kay 260", lamedall, Ashbourne, Derbyshire,

Hancock, KE, H., Enq. Leigh-villa, The Avenue, Surbiton.

‘*Hand, Admiral George 3., an, 0, 8, Club, 5. We

"Handley, Benjamin, Himy. 68, Hland-road, Lavender il, &W,

Handley, Captain Francis (late 1,), Brighton Club, 55, Old Steine, Brighton

Hanham, Commr, Ts By 2, Manslonhowse, near Blandford, Doract,

“Hankey, Blake Alexander, Keq.

Hankey, Reginald, Esq, 71, Cheslerequare, 8. We ¢ and Arthur's Chub, 8. We
1340*Hnnkey, Kodolph Alexander, Keq. 54, Warwiokssquare, 8, Ws

Hankey, Thomson, Keq. 45, Purtland-place, We

aera, fi ee ae EW fa Rinne

= Pilly Ray. irik, Now Sealand,
*Hanrd, Henry, Rey, 13, Great Queen-stregt, WC,
Hanson, K. B., Bey. aa. St, Saviour's Grommarsschoot, Sowimcark, 8.
Harberton, Visoount, 60, Rutiand-gate, 8 W.
Harbor, Rev, John Bata. Athenawm Chis, Pallomall, 8.W.
*Hlaroourt, Egerton Voy Raq. WAitwell-hally Fork
‘Hardie, Gavin, Reg. 5, Quern-strest, Mayfair, W.
4350Handing, Major Charlex, Grafton Club, 10, Graftomatrest, Piccadilly, Ws
‘Harding, J. J., Hieq, 1, Barnsbury-part, Jelington, N,

HSSHEEFERTEE & ERS

Royal Geographical Society. lv

Hargrave, Jouph, Raq, Feet Garry, Winelpay, Mantes, Canada, Care of
te Medson'e Bay Company, 1, Line-street, B.C.

Tiargreaves, William, Esq,

Hacley, Coleoel RW, cn, 6300, Tobago,

Harper, JA, W., bag.

Harris, Edwd,, Raq. Ryial-siths, Loagtongrove, Upper Sydenham.

spGoHardls, Admiral the Hon. Sir B.A. J., x.0.8, H.B.M.%s Eneoy Extraordinary
‘ened Mininter Plenipotentiary, The Magee, Hottan, Movers, Woadhevd and Ca,

Harris, Capt. Hearty, 0%. 35, Mloucesterterrace, Hydepark, W.

Marvin, Bender, Haq. Temple Cid, Areaviebstreet, Strond, W.C.

‘Harrison; Charles, Lay. 3, Oreot Tower-street, BC,

Harriaoa, Charles, Wey. 10, Lamoaster-gute, W.

“Harrison, William, Boq., 78.4., 7.0.5., he. Conseroutios Club, 8. We; Royat
Thames Yookt Chi, 7, Alomarke-strect, W.; and Samlesbury-all, weor
Preston, Lancashire.

Harrison, Wan. Arthur, Boq. 1, Hatisteect, Waterivo, Liverpool

Hurrowby, Kight Hos. Dalley, Kari of, 7.18. Sundonhouse, Lichfield ; amt
Mortem, Gloucestershire,

Marsico, Edward FB. Boy. 1, Morningtomroad, RegenCepark, .W.
a Frederick Ralph, Hq.» 7.0%, Membre de la Sovisté do Géogmphie
de Poin’ Goternment-houne, ‘Trinidel, British Weet Indice, Care of
AMessra, Sieeehingy, Droop, ank QT, Orvehyorrware, B.C.
370Het, Henry Nowilia, Hey, 107, Manlayastreet, Wi.
‘ast, James, Esq, Winvlowshowre, South Norwood,
Hart, 3. L., Raq. 20, Pentoidgespuare, W,
*Marthend, ¥. Dixon, faq rian He. 14, Chesham-pluce, $.W.; and the
Gathers, near Chetenkam,
‘Hartley, Sir Chas, Aug, 7.00, feo, 28, Pall-mall, 5.W.s and Reform
Chab, Pallernotl, 8M.
‘Hiarsael}, Rev. Botford, M.A... Clifton Colleze, Hrsstt.
Misevey, Alex: Sq Eoqn, MLM." Commular Bervice, China, 228, Unioneat., Aberdern.
Harvey, Avg, Jno,, Raq, 6, Crommoelbterrace, Grast Yarmouth, Norfolk.
Harery, Charles, Bog. Luthgorscottage, Streuthun, & W.
‘Harvey, James, king. Kab-street, Invercargill, Southland, New Zesiand,
‘thtoHlarvey, Joba, Bey. Zohwell Bury, Digyleswode.
Barvay, Jobo, Ea, 7, Mincitg-lane, £,C.
Harvey, Joho, Eig. UD, Cliiteuu Desiyons, Bewlomnenwur-Mer,
‘Harery, Richard M,, Hq, 12, Devonshire-street, Portland-place, W,
Harvey, Wen, C,, Ey, Cilyy Lideral Chub 71, Quern-strert, Cheapeite, F.C.
‘Harvie, Hgar Christmas, Yoq. Cily of London Club, Old Broad-street, EC.
‘Harwood, S., Ex. Hamilton-house, Leamington,

Wi List of Fellows of the

1875 Haslam, Ang. Fred Haq.’ 16, Laun-road, Haxerstoch Ml, 1.07:

1873 Hawker, Gao, ©. Bq, Care of Mesers, Haxant anit Caldecott, 1, New Basing-
haltestreet, H.C.

ate Hawkins, Alf, Templeton, Esq. 20, Grewt Gooryo-atrect, Westminster, &.W.
1334 | Hawkins, Francs Hissot, Keg, 9.0. ¥.08. 146) Upper Harley-atreet, W. 5 ond
Lavail-lodge, Dorchester,

1560 | — *Hawkins, John, Raa
1358 | *Hawkins, Major-Geoern! J. Summerfield, Wx, 9, Leonards, St, Fomey’e-rom,

1878 | Hawkins, Key. Joshum The Nest, Howard-rond, South Norwood:
1973 | Hawking, Rev. W. Bentinck Ing rates 99, Bryanstomequare; W,
1873 | Hawkshaw, Sir John, Cm. ¥.RA 33, Great Georgestreety We
18at Hawhaley, Thomas, Raq. Gt. 14, Phillimoreyardens Kensington, We
1877 | r4coHaxbll, K, Nelin, Raq. Lewgans, Kingsbury, Aiddleses,

187 Hay, Andrew, Eeq. Oriental Club, Hanoversequare, Wes and Bombay.

1363 ‘Hay, Roar-Admiral Lond Jobn, %.P,, 0.1, 20) Cepatodl-r6; Seth ea
ton, 8. We

mas “Hay, RearAdmiral Sir J. C. Dalrymple, Bart, a1, 0.0, 70s. 108, St,
George! #aquare, 8. W. 5 U. 8, Club, SW. ; Dunragit, Blenbuce; anc Marre

on-the-hitl, W. W.

fr 3, Be Corps of Em Seren) Cape Coart Cate:

and care of Mra. Hay, 49, Basthourne-terrace, W.

1872 | Hay, Jno, Ogilvy, aq, (Hon. Magist, and J.P, Brits Barmah). Banoo,

1805] Hay, Lord Willlam. 85, Abany, We

1972 Haydon, G. Hq, Bay, Bethlehem Honpital, SF,

1s7e map ie est Bae Care of Horace Farguhar, Begs 9, tiny Witton

street,

1670 | Haynen, Stanley L,, Boj MD, Malvern-link, Worcestershire,

1964 | r4roHaysman, James, Eq. Burgers-hill, Finchley-road, 2V,W,

1862 Mead, Alfred, Keq, 13, Craven-hili-guriens, Bayawuter, We

TL | — Head, Henry, Kaq. Stoke Newington, N,

38TL | Head, Geo, T., Haq, Fusl-clf-owse Grammar-school, Margate,

£76 | Hendley, Robert, sy. 20, De Beonooir-aqusrey ¥.

asté| Heard, Dr. Samuel 8. Derrigunincastla, Kenmare, Ereland; and 14, St,
James'ensquary, 8, We

1856 Heath, The Baron, ¥.tty Wd, 1, Olt Jeury, B.C,

1803 | Heathfield, W, ., Enq, 30, King-atreet, St. Jomer's.

1968 Hector, James, Enq FRA, M.D. Cure of Agent-General for New Zealand, 7,
Westminsterschambers, Viotorianstreot, 8. W.

wa Hoderstedt, Henry Bontett, Keq., 0.8, 72, Lanoaster-gate, We

1873 | r4ioHedley, W. £., Bq. _ Urban-lodge, Wimbledon-park-road, Wandsworth,

Royal Geographical Society. Wii

‘Hogan, Chas. John, Ey. Oxford ond Oxwiritye Cleb, Palimal, &. W.
Heinemann, S., Enq 22.0. Scientific Chi, 7, Saniorne, We
‘Helms, Richard, Key. Walldamutow, Bovex.
*Himdervon, Gay Boge, M0, Fils. Care of Mesars. King and Or, Pall-cvall, SW.
Headersen, Honry, Kiq. 24, Muntleyrvad, Etwpart, Liverpool
Henderson, Johm, Esq. 2, Arlingtowstreet, Moab, We
Werdrcron, Major K. G. Care af Sir 0, MPOrigor, Mart, amt Oo, 25, Carver
street, 8.W, 5 and Nawal ood Military lub, Pisosaitiy, We

Henderson, Patrick, Eq. Care of Gearge Reit, Evy, 11, Croobed lane, F.C,
Henderson, P. L., Ea, 14, Fenchurch-atreet, B.C.

a4yolfenenge, Charies, Faq. St, Jemen's Cus, Picemfaly, W.
*Meenge, Edward, Hsq. Shay'nend, Hemel Hempstead.
enneswey, J. 18 ., Esq. Ist Asst. Thiy. Servey of tnitia, Dilira Dhoon Core

‘Werres, Edward, Bsq., 0.8, Athencewm Club, Fall-malt, 8. W.
44oHertalet, Rdward, Bay, dx. Librarian, Foreign-oftce, 8.W.; and Belleeur-
howe, Richmond,

Hertalet, Ges Thnx, Faq: L5hf Chamberliin'sofice, St. Jamer’e-palace, &.W¥.
Hervey, Lord Francia, ur, 17, Cliford-street, W.
“Herr, Citnelint, Eq. Sim Francivco. Care of W. F. A. Archald, £q.,
1%, Figstromcowrt, Temple, B.C.
Hetherington, J. Newby, Haq. 62, Hartey-etreet, W.
Hecigh, Joba, Way. 22, Upper Broobsstreet, W.
Hewitt, Richard, fq. Etmyfield, Bosker, Surrey.
“Heywood, James, Raq, 7.08. Athenanim Chub, 8.W. ; and 28, Kensington
palacegardens, W,

‘Beywood, Samuel, Faq. 171, Stawhopestreet, Hamputead-road, N.W.

Beyworth, Capt. Lawrence. Junior United! Service Club, 8. W.
regoHticks, Alfred, Way. 74, Great Rusself-street, WC.

Higgins, Edmund Thouias, Baq., x.1.0,9. 22, Hloomsbury-atreet, F.C.

‘Hight, Capt. Kawant, 120, Cremeli-road, South Kensington, 8.W.

Hill, Arthur Bowdler, Esq. South-road, Clapham-purk, Surrey, 8. We

‘Hill, Clomeet 1., Eq, Forvignoffice, 8. W.

Rill, Hoary, Bay. 122, Loulenhallnstreet, B.C.

HAN, Capt. Jno, nz, (Great Trig. Survey of Ladia). Dehra Dhoos.

Hil, Samuel, Hay., xp. 22, Mecklendurghaquare, W.C.

HAL, Colonel gir Stephon

List of Fellows of the —

Nerf E =
Brain.

Mille, Lieut-Colonel James, ¥.Cw ity Out, Careof Messrs. HS, Kany cond Co,

Cornhill, B.C,
4bollinchlid, T, Woodbinr, Enq, 04, Lincoln’s-inn-Relids, WiC,

Hinde, Samuel Henry, aq. Windham Club, 8, W

Hirst, Walter Oy Esq. Ll, Norfoliestreet, Manchester,

‘Hirst, William Henry, kag, 10%, Mottram-roud, Staleybriddge, Cheshire.

‘*Histh, De. FP, Zmperial Moritiwe Customs, Chivas and 8, Siorey’s-pate, SAF.
Hitehing, Capt. T. M, Ra. 94, Zdge-lane, Liverpool,

Hoare, Heary, ay, Meaars, Hare's Bank, Flectatreet; and St, Sames'e=
square, §,W.

‘Hoare, Samunl, Kay, 7, Herefori-gardens, Parblune,

ites Male Bari Ras Oreo. doe naan Be George -eqmare,

Hobwn, Bey. J.P, sua, 4, The Grove, Blackheath; and Worceater College,

1472Hlobio0, Stephoo James, Esq. 10, Regent’s-parkrond, We
“"Hlochachild, His Excallency Baron (Swedish Minister). 5, Myleparkostrest, We
Hockin, Charler, aq, M4, 8, Avenue-road, St. John'swood, XW,
Hollder, Edwin, Esq. Asifordevitia, Willesden, WY.
ple S Yaq. Penudall, Bletobingley, Surrey ; ond 4, Langhiwm-

Hviges, Henry, Faq. Zrondevburyrtadge Collegintessehoo!, Kilhurn.
“Hodgson, Arthur, Rey. Clapton-housey near Strutfurd-oneAson,
Hotgson, Henry Tylston, eq. Harpenden, St. Albana,
‘Hodgson, James Stewart, Kaqe 24, Princt’rgardens, &. We
Hodgvon, Kirkman Danie, Raja) XR, 8, Bivhopagatevstret, H.C.
S4toPTokon, Wilt Hi Baas) ocmeycentre onde Wl gard

Holdich, Capt. Thom, Hungerford, m2, 24, Coteille-square, Rayseater,
‘Holford, Robert S., Kiq. Dorchestershouse, Park-lane,
Holland, ev, Fred. Whitmore, Eresham, Woreeutere
Hotinnd, Colonel James, Southaite, The Park, Tipper Forwood, 5A
Holland, Lieut, Swinton C,, mx. Care of Messrs, Hildreth and Onesaneay,
41, Norfolbstroct, Strand, W.C.
‘*Hollebone, Frail, Kkeq. Ravensbowrnesparh, Catford.trsdge, SP, iy
‘Hollingworth, Hy. Geo., Bag. 11, Dillitersquare, BCL; ond &3, Hereford.
rood, Baynoater, W.
‘“Hllst, Captaln H, 0, B.A, Zolly-house, Plumstead-commen,
Holme, J, Wilson, Faq, 6.4, 88, St, Georye'saguare, 8, Wr
r4gollolmes, Joho, Raq, 9, Norfotberoad, 8t. Jokn'sewood,
Holmwood, T. D,, Eeq., 7, Church-terrase, Lee, Kent.
*+Holroyd, Arthur Todd, Enqyy M.D, P.tat, Master’ooffce, Sydney, New South
Wales. Care of Edgar Howell, Bxq., 3, &t, Poul rohurchyard, B.C
Holroyd, Heary, Esq. 14, Kensington-gardene-terrace, W,

‘Helstain, The Marques de Souza. Lishos, Cars af the Porteparse Legation,

12, Glowester-place, Portmansqwars, W
Holt, George, fq. Unianvstreet, Willentall,

Holt, Henry ¥, W., Key. Resiprane, Vietoriseread, Claphamavomensn, SW. 3
end care of Mesirs. King and Cou, Cornhill, B.C.

Holt, Vewy, Enq. 17, Whitehall-ploce, 8, We
Home, Lievt-Colonel Robert, 28, 25, Kilbrookewow, Blackheath, 8.5,
1g0oHonifray, Williaa Henry, Bag. 6, Storey/s-yate, 8 We
Honeybourae, Jo, W, Cay Raq. 2, Jes Grammar-sohonl, Huntingsonshine,
Mood, Sir Alex Acland, Bart, St, Andrie’rpark, Bridgwater, Somerset.
“*Hool, F. Sacomb, aq, Comeereatine Clu, SW.
Hoaker, Sir Jomph, RCA, Cty Mid Beds, Plat bo, Director of the
Koyas Gardens, Kew.
Hooper, Alf, Bay. City of London Olid, Old Broud-street, BC,
Hooper, George Norgate, Haq. 159, King Menry's-roat, Adolaide-rood, H.W.
Hooper, Rr, Robert Books. 1, Combrige road, Brighten.
Hooper, Wm, Giwi. Parry, Eaq. 29, St. George'svond, Kilburn, ¥.W.; ant
AT, Newwstreet, Spring-gantens, 8. W.
Hooper, W. Fo, Haq.
15 1oHlopceatt, George, Bay. 3, Willitersaquare, 2.0.
un. Arhiowshouse, Connaughtsploce,

Hops, Capt, C, Webley, noe Mesars, Hallett and Co. St, Martin’s-place, WC,
Hope, Perey, Esq. Moarly-tuildings, Monchester.
Capt. David MAL. HLM, Consul at St. Pawio de Loanda. Care of
Bra, Hopkins, Richmondeoilia, Lorishipstine, Dulwich, 8B,
“Hlopking, Ravan M,, Bey. 3, Upper Rerdetey-astreet, Portman-syuare, W

Borahy, Rev. Jumes Joho, 0.0, Mead Master of Eton Colleges

Horomnsile, W. Geo., eq. The Aosoias, Upper Clapton.

Horne, Francis, G. tis. Salmons, Coterham, Surrey.

*Borniman, Fred Snowy Eiqe Surrey-houre, Forest-hill,
sszotforrex. Theophilus Keq. 18, Comnaught-oquarr, Ayde-park, WY,

Horsley, Thomas, Haq, King's Newion, Derbyshire.

Horton, James Africanas Bs Kiqus M.D Sc, Care of SiC, MoGrigor, Barty
aand Co., Charles-street, St. James's, S.W.

Honeanoa, Captain Jobn C,, ns, United Servive Club, & W.

Hoskins, Capt A. H., mx. Army ond Noy Club, 8.W. Core of Mewes.
Woodhead, 44, Charing-cross, 3. W.

Hoskold, Heary Davis, aq, 6.0

Hoogbton, Ler’ 2.Ctu ¥t-8, ‘Travellers’ Chub, S.W.; The Hall, Bavetry 5

and Frystoneshall, Ferrybridye, Yorkshire,

Howard, A, C., aj. 27, Devonshire-place, Portland-place, W.} and Arthur's

‘Ott 8.7.

List of Fellows of the

Howacd, Charles C.,Eeq, Chritchurch, Canterbury, New Zeeland. Care ef
Mr. B, Stanford, Charingeoross, 8. We
‘Howard, John, Raqy Gt, Weat-vinohouse, Zupsham, Deven.
153cHowand, Joxeph, eq. Tottenham-groe,
Howard, Morgan, Eaq., qc. Temple, H.C.
Howard, Samuel Lloyd, Eaq. Goldings, Loughton, ever.
Howard, Williaa, Eq. 9, Koslyn-bant, Lyndhurst-roa, Hampstead, NW,
Horier, Capt. Jno, W. (Scots Greys}. 11, Hobrt-place, Baton-equare, &.W,
‘*Hubbard, Rt, Hon, J. Gelllbrand, sur, 24, Princetegate, Hydepark, We
‘*Hubtant, Willism: Rgerton, Eq. Leewardilee, Horsham,
‘*Hubtand, William Kgerton, jun,, Hq. Lemnardalee, Horsham,
‘*Hudleston, Wilfind, Raq. 28, Cheyne-walh, 8, W,
Hudson, George B., Raq, Frogmore-hall, Hertford ; and Nev University Clad,
Bt, Jamer’satreet, 8. W.
4 la uae Ree. 4, Syand &, Oreut St. Helen's, B,C; and Thatched-Mlosve
spa ew al

Hoghes, A.W. aq. Care of FP, Baber, Besy.s4, Dond-oourh, Woltrvot, EL,

Hughes, Captain Sir Frolerie. ole, Hole, Wexford,

Hughes, J. Wia., Bay. ongor, Carnaroonahire,

Hughes, James, (esq. 82%, Camden-road, N.

Moghes, Joseph, Eaq. Pomfret-college, Pontefract,

Hughes, Pringle, Haq, Méfleton-hall, Wooler, Northumberland,

Hoghes, Capt, W, Gwynne, 14, St, Jonnes-squars, 8,7,

HaghesHallett, Capt. F, C. Junior United Service Club, 8.¥.

Hill, Stalf-Coram, Thor, Ay i, Aydrographic-offce, Adirally, 8. WF
1gs0%Hume, Edmund Kent, Exq.

‘Hume, Lieut-Colonel Gustavus 115, St, George’s-syuare, 8, W.

Hont, Joba, Esq. 22, Lansaster-gate, Hyde-park, We
1, John Percival, Enq Mad. 9, Paradise-place, Orewn-taner,
saya G. Francis, Koq., RX. Junior Nawal and Military Club, Patl-mall,
‘Hunt, William Thomas, Eaq. 1, Pembridge-villas, Baymoater, W.

‘Hunter, Major F, M,(Borabay Sta¥ Corpr). Aden, 60, South-atreet. St. Andine's,

Pyfeahire, Care of Messrs, Ht. 8. King and Co Cornhill, HC.

Hunter, John, Kay. 9, Newaquare, Lannoin'seinn, WiC

Muoter, Capt, J. Edward, nat. United Seretoe Club, Patiemall, 5. W.

unter, W. W. Req, Wt, htm, Bengal.
aecatgih Leah, Gy tx, Care of Rev. Dr. Huntingford, Vullegrent,

Husband, John, Esq. Goulton-road, Clapton.

‘Hason-More, Janes, Exy,, 1.4, 2, Brook-street, Cheetham, Manchester,
Hntahing, F. Leigh, Esq. 22, Quoen's-gardons, Hyde-park, SW.

Mutchins, Geo, Albert, Esq. Folsied Fen, Spanish Town, Jamaiea,
‘Hutahingou, Colonel Aleer. Hadden, tay ¥.0.1, 4, Leighamlerrace, Plymouth,

167

Royal Geographical Society. ki

Mutchinson, KAwant, Eaq. 8, Sumner-place, Suth Kensington, SW.

Haiebinson, Capt. Kk Junior St. James's Club, St. Samed eatrect, 8.¥7,

Hatchion, Jobn W., faq, Balinaghis, Castle Dauglar, N, 8, 7 and Conservative
Ch, BW

Hyodman, My, Mayers, Eaq. 10, Devonshirestrect, Portiandplace, W.

1870 | 15 yo*Hutten, Charles W. C., Haye Betair, Dulwich, SE.

1889

1960

Haskey, Prof. T, 1, vas. 4, Mariboreegheplace, St. Jolin'saroad, XW, ; and
98, Jermynsatreat, 8.W.
“Hyde, Captain Samo) 8, Biliiter-sqware, EC.

Ming worth, Richard Stonhewer, Eoq, 8, Norfoib-crescenl, Hide-park, W.
Tnopes-Lovibond, Col. Architell, mm“ Rifhams,” Dunbury, near Ctalmee
Basex,

Lert,
*Imeay, James Proderick, Esq. 89, Minories, E.; and Beckenham, Kent.
Ince, Thomas Henry, Eaq., 7.28, 63, Carlton-hill, ¥. W.
‘“Iogall, Samuel, Exq. Fovert-hill, Kent, 5.8,
Inglefield, Admiral Sir Bdvward A., ¢.8,, ¥,2.8, United Service Club, S.W. +
and 99, Queen’s-gate, 8.1.
Magli, Commander Charles D., mx. The Hopleys, Horringer, Bory St.
re
sstolngran, Hughes Francie, Req. Oniveraty Chi, 8. W.
*nskip, Capt. GM, RX, 1, Huntiscombe-place, North-roxd, Plymouth,
Mtnskip, Ber. Robert Mills, ot, 1, Hunticombeepkace, Norti-road, Plymouth.
Tiverurity, Geo., Ex, 13, Steviope-gardens, 8. W.
Inveraris, Fran Alex, Lord. Duanthen, Forfar, N. Bz; ant Carlton Club,
‘Patten.
Hevine, Jomes, Exy, 18, Dovonahirerout, Clorzhton, Chewhir
“Lrving, “Joho, Kay. Care of Mossre. Bbucorth and Sons, 4, Corbet-court,
Gracechurchatreet, E.C,
Trwing James V. H., Raq. 5, Aipha-place, St, Join'ewood, NW:
Wistar, Williams, Bog, 86, Ladgatehill, £0.

Sait, BL, aq. Care of Wiliam Jook, Req. 19, Lansdowne-road, Notting-
‘Aa,

isgodacbon, FH, Ward, Esq. 9, Albimatrest, Hyde-park, W.
oslabo, Heary, Haq, Licat, fate ta. (Chief Surveyor of the Province of
Wellington). New Zeuload,
Inckson, Michd. Kelgrave, Hy. 16, Adiitoneterrace, Keorington, W.
Jackass, Robeit Ward, Rey, 196, Lnvernesetorrace, Myderpark, We

Srakeon, Thok. Hughes, Bag. Manor-hovee, Birkenhead,
Secon, William, Bag. 44, Portiand-place,
Jeckson, Win, Chas, Hing, 0, Buoklerstury, £.C.

Royal Geographical Society. Ixiii

Jocelyn, Hoa, W. Nawaa, Care of Fereign-oficr, 8.

Jobawon, F. Bulkeley, Eaq. 5, The Mount, St. Leonardaom-Sea; avd Devon
alire Chib, St, James's Street, S.W.

Tehnson, Jouepb, Hoy. 12, Carletonmroad, Tufnell:park, Ni

Jobneon, Murray, Haq. 20, Austin Friars, EC,

Sobnoon, We Hy Bog, Ciril Amietant G. T, 8, Inding

‘*obnston, A., Kaqe 18, Paternoster-row, B.C.

‘*Fehustou, Aleanoder Keith, Kage 4, Glo'sterroad, Kon,

r540Soboston, Chis, Kdwd., Kay, ..10, Hydepart-gote, Kensington, 8.W.

‘*Fobuston, Capt. IB. United Serevee Club, Dublin; and Junior Carton Civ,
Paliemnatt, &.W.

Iobnaton, J. Brookes, Bag. 20, Lombard-street, B.C.

Edinburgh,
Soknetone, Colonel H, C., CH, ¥RAS. Murree, Punjaus, India. Care of
Berens. HM. 8. King and Co., Cornbiti, Ft.

“Johnstone, Jobn, Beg. Cartelnau-houae, Mortlake, 8, W.
Johestone, M, Butler, Kaq., ¥., 8, Sexmore-place, Mayfair, W.
Tohostoue, W. Woods, Lay, 21.0. 44, Prince'raquare, We
Jolley, Rev. Wm, Rowe, a1.4,, Hon, Chaplain to the Queen, North Reppe
ractery, Norcich.

es 16503onm, Arthur W., Esq. 10, Ealon-square, SW,

=
1m

a 385529 555555

Foner, Edwin, Eo, Fairfca, Bassott, Southampton,

Tones, Capt. Felix (lator.n.). Fernside,Church-road, Westow-hill, Upper Norwood.

Foner, Hogh Hy Esq. Larkhild, Liverpool.

Tones, Capt. HM, v.c, Care of Mesurs. Bickers ¢- Son, 1, Leicesterssyuare, W.C.

oven, LieutoCol, Jenkin, 1%,

Jones, John, Kay. 328, Strand, W.C.

nowy Hers Jehu. 11, Petierton-read, Canonburys

Sones, StaliCommaniter Jue, ¥.%, The Dive Belt, Wetvipeot, Montyomeryshire,

Fooves, Robert Esq. Glanbrune-park, Llandovery Carmarthenshire,

16oSones, Major Ik Owen, 1.x. Ordnance Swreey-ofloe, 43, St: George! road, 8.W.

*Soiies; WT, Kags 1, St, Altun'servad, Hiphgute-hitl, 5,

“Jones, Thomas Me Rymer, Kaq., Cr, Inpan, Care of TB. Sones, Bop,
52, Oormeatl-road, Wentbourne park, W.

Jones, Keer, W. Taylor, Ha. The College, Sydenham,

Jeans, Sir Willoughby, Bart. Cranmer-hall, Fakenham, Norfolk.

Soon, Winslow, Faq. Devon and Exeter Institution, Exeter.

*Jonian, Wim, Leighton, Esq, Scientific Club, 7, Savile-row, Wi

“Souhim, Most, Esq. Bishopshalt, Hilengdon.

Joyner, Henry Bateon, Haq., 0.8 Yamato Fashiti, Toke, Japza, Care of
H&S, Joyrar, Bet. Northwick-howse, Harrow,

“Jape, Fa, King. day's, B.C.

| ne

670Kamo, Dr, Matthew, x0, Shousinghil Kineton
‘Bane, Dr. Willian. res Kin, fog aah Reyes
Kantaom, Admiral H. Pde, 1, Oeereatory-gardens, Campenhil-road, W,

‘*Kemball, Leut-Gen, Sir Amnold Burrowes, K.CA1,, 0.8, United Sereice Chub,
SW.

Kemp, Geo, Ls, Eaguy Caloutte, Care of Movers. H, 8, King and Oi, yp
Cornhill, EC,

Kemp, tier, Hoary Willinm, ma. ‘The Oharter-house, Muth

Kempater, J., Eaq. 1, Portsmouth-place, Kennington-tane, Swen, $8.

Kronard, Adam Stoinmets, Esq. Crawley-court, Wincherter,

Kennard, Jaren, Ea, ‘Somsunhouse, Siachleat, Manchester
1692*Kennaway, Sir Joho H., Bart, Eveet, Ottery St. Mary, Dewon,

Kenuedy, Heary Hyndhum, Eq. Cniom Oud, 8,7,

Kenvely, John, Ko.,m.0, Kast India Uniled Service Chua, 14, $t. Semen's~

aquare, 3.

Kennedy, Joho, Esq. 13, Brootlyneroad, Shepherd's-buth, W

Kennedy, Rev, Jehn, 3.4, 97, Stopney-green Be

Konnety, Rear-Advatral Jno, Jax, ¢.0. 1, Cromuelleplace, South Kensington,

S.W.; amd United Service Chub, Pathamalt

Keanely, Colonel J. Poy mx, 60, Sh George'eanuare, 8.1.

Kennion, Kev. George Wyndham, wa. All Saints’-vicange, Bradferd, York

shire,

Kent, Fras. A. Esq. Kesyrave-hail, Suffolk,
Kerr, Alexander, Esq. Wellington, New Zealand, Care of Norman &, Kerr,
Ben, 0. Wy Growe-rond, St, John'seood, MW.
1700Karr, MajorsGeneral Lord Mark, c.8. 18, Jamenstreet, Buckingham-gate, 3.
Kerubaw, Wony Rage 10, St Mary Awe, B.C. and Sufotiedye, Dristone
road, 8. W,
"Kettle, Daniel W,, Keg, Wayet-common, Bechenhom ond 53, Flect-treet,
BL,
"Kettle, H. A., Eig. Hayemcommon, Beckenham, Kent,
Keynell, Francia P., Eq, Grove-house, Cheslunt,
‘*Kiddle, Stall-Cormmr, W. W., 2X, 70, Upper Lesaon-strert, Dedtin,

ll

EF ERSSHESSESESEIE

brs

Royal Geographical Society. Ixv

Killass, Frank, Eeq. Farmonth, Neoa Sootis,
Kimber, Dr. E. 13, Parbeoillay Shepherd sha, W,
Kinesid, Thomas, Enq. 9, Lansdoen-crvaceet, Glangers,
King, B., Esq. Keiutt, Godalming, Surrey.
710King, Llent-Colonel Edward it, Junior Unlted Service Cheb, &.W,
bre eek Ate G5, Corny B.C. 5 io foe OY Mamor-
j, Bisex; and Favor Carlton Chu), 8,
eee 12, Charemnt-terrace, Glampone.
Bing, Jahn, Eaq. Comptonyietdephice, Guildford, Surrey.
Kiog, Hoe, J. 7. Locke. 38, Doversstroet, Wi; and Broollende, moar
Weyl, Birney.

King, Soseph fag. Tretnseenshouse, BheuelTosrnds, Léverpocd.
*Kinpkey, Maurice, Bay, Cure of Mrs. Xingsies, Byfleet, Wepiridse,
*Kinnalnl, Arthur F., Lord, 92, Pall-mall Bast, &. W.

Kirby, Willian, Eaq, 3, Purt-terrace, Whithy, Yorkskire,
Kite, John, Ko, o.0., HLM, Agent and Consul General, Zanzibar.

rppolirks, Joke, Bay. Oriental Club, W.

‘Kickin, Major-Glan. Sohn A. Vewey. Wester Pordel, Milnathort, ¥. 2.

Kisch, Daniel Moniaga, Bey. 15, Weathowrne-park-Cerruce, W.

Kitwhewer, Liut. HH. Care of W. Besant, Evy 9, Pali-matt Bet, 8.

"Kitson, Jawer, jun., Eaq, Spring-tank, Headingley, Leeds,

Kitto, Richard 1, Middleton, eq. Preston-iaiye, Hrestonprer, N. B,

Kaight, Anirew Halley, Esq. 62, Mfoiland-park, W.

Kaight, Joe, Eq. Care of Messrs. Swinburne and Parker, Bedford-rew, Wl,

Koight, Win. Duncan, Esq. Avening-howse, GreenNili-park, Hampeteo

Kuollys, General Rt. Hon, Sir William T., non. Baten-aguare, &. W.
17;0Knelips, Lieut-Col, W, W. (93rd Highlanters),

Kuowley George, Enjus 6k. 11, Qoeon'syardena, Myde-park, W.

Kun, Ales. A., Eig. 91, Vietorianstreet, Wertminster, 8.W.

Kaoz, Thots G., Enq H,M. Consul General, Som. Care of Merwe, I. 8.

King and Co,, 43, Palianatl, 8 Ws
Koppel, Sy Bay. 64, Kensington-gardens-square, W,

oo Kay. Linperiul Morittine Customs, China ; anid 8, Storey’engate,
AW,

Korsalkes, Aba! 18k (esion Amist-Commiuionet), Basin, Berar, Toda
Kyd. Hayes, Keg, nos. Wadebriifye, Corweait,
Kyoaston, Rev. Herbest, Montpolisralodze, Cheltenham.

Labrow, Lieat, Colonel Valentine 11., rua. x04 — Afitrescourtchambers,
Temple, E.C.j ond Clubechambers, 5. We

740" Latina, Mal Lien, Sir Robert Michael, natty 0.6.0, Army and Navy ClubyS. W.

Lafont, Atfied W., Raq, The Elms, Haltom.
Laing, Arthar, oq. 29, Mincing-Line, 2.0,

VOL, XLVIL. e

a

List of Fellows of the

|

Laing, Joveph, Esq, 17, Castelnawaillan, Barnet, 8.W |

Laing, Robert A., Eq. 3, St, Peter'eroad, Croydon,

Talng, Seto, Ea, 8, Hyde-pacrgle, 8.Wcs and Reform Clay Pall-mall, 8

Lamb, Hon, Edwant William, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, |

Lamb, Lieut. Henry, 1.8. 2.af, India Store Departnient, Beleederers
Lanibeth, By

|

‘Lambert, Alan, Kan. Heathalodye, Putnaysheath, 8. We
“Lambert, C. Ju Eaq, 1, Orovbyrequare, TO.

1750%Lambort, Cowley, Raq. Nowe University Club, St. amet setredt, 8. W.
Taming, James, Raq, 1, Bryanatom-place, Bryanstnrpaere, We +
Lamont, James, King. 4, Queenostreet, Mayfair, Wo
Lamplough, Charles Edward, Ey. Clty of London Chub, #0,
Lampery, John, Esq. 16, Ciemdenanquare, 2. W.
Lampson, Sir C, Muy Dart, 80, Batonequare, 8,1:
*Lanco, John Henry, Kaya, #.t8, The Holminood, Dorking.

Enq,
r7beMLamaall Rev: Henry, ‘The Grove, Blastheath, 8. |
‘*Laroom, Major-General Str’ Thomas Aiskew, Harte, Riki ReCGHy FRA. “]
field, Fareham, Hants.
Lantuer, Colouel John, Twited Sereive Cluby 8 We
Larpe, Hater Koval aq. The King, Portomouthesad, Surin amd |
Southaquare, Gray'sinn, WiC,

Langhton, Lieat.-Col. George Arnold (Bombay Staif Corps), Sopsrintend
Bombay Surrey, Bombay. |
Laughton, J. Ky La. Royat Naval Cotleye, Greenwich,

Laurie, Veter Goo., Kay. 9, Arundelagardes, Kenxingtonepark, WW. Sally
stead Altote, nedr Reading, Barks; and Thatched-Honse Cl, 5t. Joma
wtrect, 5.

Lavies, Joseph Samuel, Raq. 11, Warwickaquare, &.W,
177oLaw, Geo,, Em. 544, Oxford-atrect, WC,

“Law, Hon, H. Speer, a1, 38, Becleston-sguare, 5. Wf,

Law, Jasy Faq. S44, Osford-atrest, W.0

Lawes, Mobert Moray, Faq, 1, Clanges-strert, Picondilly, W.

Lawrenon, Alexander, Faq. Clyde-house, Thurlow-road, Hampstead, SW. 5 4
Windsorechambers, Great St. Helen's, B.C.

Lawrence, A. M., Req, jan, 17, Thurlowsroad, Hampatoad, NW.

Lawrenas, Fred. W., Baye Oadleigh, Beckentam, Kent.

‘Lawrence, Hon, Joho Hamilton, 34, Beaufort-gardens, & W

Lawrrnce, Sir J.J. Trevor, Barty 9%, Prince’egate, &.Wei anit Burfi
ledge, Dorking, Surrey.

Lawrence, the Right Hoa, Lond, 6.68, 0.031. 2¢, Queen'rsate, 5. Wi
72o*Lawreace, Philip Henry, Eig. 8%, Chancery-lise, W.C.
Lewrmace, W. F., Bq. New University Clvi, 3.1,
Lawsie, James, Esq. 63, Old Brocl-street, EC.
Lawson, William, Exq, 21, Walhain-groce, Phan, SW.
"Lay, Homtio ¥., Eaz., €.0, Burnhammarket, Norfélt,
‘Lagand, Right Hon, Austeo H., 0.0.0., 11.M."s Ambassador, Constantinople.
Layard, Capt. Brownlow E. Shest-street, Windoor,
“Layard, Captain Brownlow Villiers (ird West India Regt.), Juasior Unite
Gertie Chad jared 80, Upper Mone -strert, Dvblin:
“Leal, Charles Juy Raq, O18 Change, B.C. ; ond The Fiylands, Noreowd, 8.8.
Lake, Sir Take Sy Kat, Perth, Western Australis, Care of C. J. Wome
wright, Bon, 160, Highbury Newpark, N,
r7gokeerl, Dr. Arthurs 12) Old Durlingtonestreet, We
Leary Story Kay, 12, O02 Burtingtorsteeet, W.
‘Learmonth, Andrew James ta, Eaq. Suovior United Sereice Club, 5. W,

Leckie, Patrick CR. 2, Palacerond, Houpel-part Strvathen, 8.
Lecky, Capt. Squire Thornton Stretford (Koyal Naval Keserve). 171, Dukes

Toei, George, faq 2.2, 7, Dow's yard; Westminster,
‘Leeenan, Rey. W. L, 16, Triwity-place, Windsor.
‘Toes, Bll, Esq. 102, Lanoastorgate, W.

“Lees, Lieutenant-Celonel Nassau, D.c.in Athenoun Cid, 8 W,
Le Feurre, W. H., Eaq. 02,

‘aterry Sir Fohu George Shaw, 2d

ns. 18, Spring-gordins,

O5.0,, FRA, Ko 82, Queenegate,

Wop nnd Athenrwen Cd, 8.1.
ees | 121oLeggate, Clement Davidion, Raq. 1, Pinner’sonurt, Cid Broadoitrect, F.C,

‘Lehmann, Frederick, Esq. 15, Berkeley-square, W.
‘Leigh, Joho Studily, Hq, 7.4.0. 6, Taibot-road, Westhourne-park, W.
‘Leigh, Roger, 39. Darkum-court ; ond Hindiey-halt, Hindley.
Leighton, Thomas, Eq. The Liner, West Dricton, &
‘Le Mescrior, Henry P., Eig, 0. Oc. 31, Stanley-crescent, Kensington
park, We
e2

4

ee]

List of Fellows of the

Le Pays, Goo. Renatus, Raq. 58, Brunswiok-terracs, Brighton; and Thatche
Howse Chub, 8.

Lealie, Wiliam, Faq. Warthill, Alerdocashire, N,B.; aud Carlton Ch
Palmalt, 8.¥. |

L'Katrange, Cavloton, Enq. Ctrtton Cb, 8. We
r620Lethbridge, Edwin B., Beg. 42, Colemannstreet, Brighton,

‘Letts, Thornas, Req. 2, Crown-buildings, Queen Victoria street, IC.

Lever, J. Bae 97, St. George’eaquare, 5. We

Leverson, George B. C., Kaq. 18, Quernsberry-place, Cromwmetioroad, A

Leverson, Lieut. Julian Jao, n, 18, Queensherry-pldce,

Leveson, Baward Jay Raq. Cluny, Crencont-ceod-road, Sydenhan-hil, 2.8,

Lexi, Profesor Leone, v.A-h., &e, 19, Richnondecrescent, Barasbury, N.7 3

5, Crown Opfice-row, Temple, B.C. |

Levin, Nathnuiely Esq. 44, Clevelandsyuare, W,

Levinsohn, Louie, Hig. Vernen-howse, Clarendon-gardent, Afoidahil, We

Levy, B. Way Eaq. 19, St. Helen'vplace, B.C. 4
1B}o*Lawia, Frederick Denltey, Esq. Morelands, St. Jokn’s-park, Blactheath, S1

Lowi, F. Geo. Bag. 4 Lombardia, St. ary eroal, Pecthim, BI

“Lewin, Capt. Thomas H. (Beng. Sui Corps).

Lewis, Francia ., Esq, 26, Greshomatreet, B.C.

Lewis, Jom, Eequ, max, Castle Carrere, CarriaborShannvon, 4

Lewis, Rev. B.C. aa, Streatham-common. S.-W. f

Leyes Copan Bainand Me nc, Whiteptice, weer Moiderbend, Berka

Leyland, M, Watts, Haq, 17H Lachange-buiidings North, Lieerpool.

Lichfield, Right Hon, Thomas George, Earl of, Shugboreugh, Styfordabires

Liebenrood, Captain JL, 1.x. Belmontelndye, Lee, Kent,
r84obight, Rev. John, 13, Notting Ailisterrace, We

‘Lilford, Thomas Lyttleton Powys, Lord, bach cated eine |

shire,
Ublegtes, Lieutenant F, . Innes, nox. Cotlleniore-hoiise, Locally ta

pics Hi, Hamilton, Req, Windham-plaoe, Bryamaton-aquare.
Lindeay, Lord, 3". 4%, Brook-steest, Grosvenarssmuare, We
Lindsay, Colonel Robert J, a, ¥icu Mar. Lockinge-houw, Wantage, Berl)
‘and 2, Curltonspardens, 8. W
AAnday, Mai ohn age 99h) Sl ea
reals |

Lina, Joseph Teac Cohen de, Req. Port Lowis, Mauritius.

Lister, Toone 8, Rey. The Heath, Hampstead, N.W.

Little, Archibald J, Esq. Shanghas ; and 18, Park-street, Growoenorssyuare, ¥
18soLittle, Simon, Faq. Calantra-howee, Wexforst, Erland,

Littledale, Clement St, George, Eaq. Highfield, near Livarpoot,

Littleton, The Hon, Henry 5, Toddaviey, Penkridge, Staffordshire,

Littleton, Hon, Win. F, 3, Cliford-street, W.

Royal Geographical Society. Ixix

Liversidge, Archibald, Eaq., ¥.0.8,, &e, Care of Messra, Trilbner and Co., 57,
Ludgate-hill, E.C.
Lloyd, Capt, C. Henry. Care of Messra, Jno, Jupp and Co.,113, Fenchurch-
street, B.C.
Lloyd, Francis Aylmer, Esq. 28, Queen's-terrace, Finchley-road, N.W.
‘*Lioyd, Hon, Geo, A. Sydney, N. 8.W.; and 8, George-yard, Lombard-st., E.C,
Lloyd, Percival, Esq.
"Lloyd, W., Eaq. Myood-house, Wednesbury, Staffordshire,
1860Lloy4, Rev. William V,, a4.
Lioellyn, Major Richard. Army and Navy Club, 8.W.
Liucllyn, Major William R., Ra, Plymouth,
*Lobb, John, Esq. 89, Farringdon-street, E.C.
Lobley, James Logan, Kaq., ¥.0.8. 59, Clarendon-road, W.
Loch, Henry Brougham, Esq. Government-house, Isle of Man,
Loch, John Charles, Hog, 57, Nathercood-road, West Kensington, W.
Loch, William Adam, Esq. 8, Great George-strect, Westminster, 8.W.
Lock, Alfred G., Eeq. Roselands, Millbrook, Southampton,
‘Locke, John, Esq. 83, Addison-road, Kensington, W.
1870Lockhart, William, Emq., ¥.8..8, 67, Granville-park, Blackheath, S.E.
Lockhart, Captain Wm, Stephen Alexander.
‘*Loder, Edmund Giles, Esq. 42, Grosvenor-square, W.
‘Logan, Sir T. Galbraith, K.c.B., u.D, 40, Hyde-park-equare, W.
Lomonowof, M. Alesis de, Assiat.-Seo. Geographical Society, St. Petersburg.
Care of Messrs. Hamilton and Co., 32, Paternoster-row, E.€,
Londesborough, Wm, Henry Forester, Lord, 38, Berkeley-syuare, W.
*Long, George, Esq., M.A. 2, Rhine-villas, Portfield, Chichester.
Long, Rev, James. 14, Salisbury-square, Fleet-street, E.C,
"Long, W. Beeston, Esq.
Longbottom, A. P., aq. CE,
188oLongden, Major-General Henry Edward, ¢.8, 63, Ennismoregardens, 8.W’. ;
‘and United Service Club, 5.
Longien, Sir J. Ry x. Government-hows, Trinidad, Care of Mr. J.
P. Martineau, 13, King's-road, Bedford-row, W.C.
‘Longley, Lt.-Col. George, n.8, Brooks's Club, St. James's-stredt, 8.1.
Longman, Thos., Eeq. Paternoster-row, B.C.
*Longstaff, Lieut.-Colonel Llewellyn Wood. Reform Club, Pall-mall, S.W.
Lonsdale, Arthur Pemberton, Eq,
Looker, William Robert, Esq. Melbourne, Australia, Care of Mr. Ashhurst,
2, Fenchurch-street, E.C.
Lord, W. Barry, Esq. Downshire-hill-cottage, Hampstead, XV, WV.
Lorne, The Most Hon, the Marquis of, K.7., M.P. 1, Grosvenor-crescent, 8.1V.
Lort, William, Eaq. Fron Goch Hall, Llanllugan, Vid Berriew, Montgomeryshire.
18g0*Lothian, Maurice Jno., Esq. Woodcote-park, Blackshiels, N.B.
Lothian, Most Hon. William Schomberg, Marquis of. 15, Bruton-street, W.

A

List of Fellows of the:

‘Lovell, Thormns, Koy. mato.

Lovett, Major Borvetort, 8, ost Lndia United Sersise Olws, 14, 84, Jam
square, SW.

Lovett, Phillips Cosby, Esq, Liacombe-house, Lisoombe, Leighton Buzzar
Low, Ales. Fy Esq. 84, Westbouneterrace, We

‘Low, Chas. B., Esq. (Lieut. late 1.x.) 16, @lebeplace, Chelses, 8,
Low, 8, Py Hay. 85, Parliament-strest, 8, W.
Lowden, Rev. George Rouse, St. Leonanb-villa, Hanwell, Mvtilewes.
Lowe, Captain W, Drury. Myris, Bottuony-Cocd, Llarviesty North Wale,

rgooLowry, Joseph Wilon, sq. 89, Kobertstreet, Hampatead-road, WN, W.

“Lowther, Capt, Marcus, not, Thornitin, Ryde,

Loyd, Lioat. Lewis Viviin (Gronadivr Guards), 16, Groveenor-place, 5
‘Loyd, Colonel W, K. Unaton Club, 8. W.

Luard, Captain Charlos Raward, xe, Portimouth,

Laand, Major-General RGA, 6, Dane-roxtd, St, DeonardeonaBea,
‘Luar, Win. Charlos, Esq. Llandaff-howse, Osrdif; and! Athenaeum Chub

Lubbock, Sir John, Bart, 7., PAs, &e Highelms, Beckenham, Kent.

"Loos, Arthur, Keq., Ci. 15, Georgestreet, Hanover-eyware, We |
Luck, F.G., Ey. The Olives, Wadhurst, Sussex,

rgroLuckman, Alfred, Esq, 4, Panton-atrest, Cambridge,

VS eee Care of Geo. Perry, Ey. 67, Charter
atreat, Bt, Beoryerroad, 8. W.

Lager, General Right Hon. Slr Baward, asms 10, Altertphice Vitor
Kensington, W

*Lumulen, Colonel P. 8,, 0.61. (Quartermaster-General, Bengal Arms). 0
Sereice Club, Pail-mail, 8.W.

eamadeny Rev. R. Cy) Mika MRA, Maidenhead,
Lush, Hon, Sir Rotert,.0. Bulmoral-house, Avenue-road, Regent’ epark, 2
*Lashington-Tilwoo, Rev. W. R. Tilson Marsh, ats. Caford- and Canty
Club, 8.7 Conservation Club, &.W.; and Stretham Manor, Lala of Eh
Latloy, lobert Georg, Eq, Care of Afra, Zutley, 11, Baring-creacenty Ms
Lattrell, Lieut, Alesaoder Fowner (Gron, Guards). | Guards” Chub, Pally
B.W.; and Dunater-sastle, Somerset.
Lycett, Sir Prancis, xcs 18, Afighberyegrove, Highbury, Se
rgzoLydall, J. H,y Bog. 12, Southamptombuildings, Chanoery-tane, WO,
Lydgate, Robert, Esq. Upper Sotool, Pectham, 8.E.
Lydgate, Wing Haq. The Castle School, Guildford,
Lye, John Gaunt, Kaq. 14, Aensington-gate, Hyde-parksouth, We
Lyvll, Francis H., Esq. 9, Cormoailagardens, 8. We
“Lynch, ‘Thomas Kerr, Esq. 31, Cleveland-suare, Aydepark, W.
Lyne, Francis, Esq. 5, Sengruwe-place, Dittoitie, Cheltenham
Lyne, Robt. ., Esq. Royal Dublin Sooiety, Dubline

|

Royal Geographical Society. Iasi

*Macalicter, James, Raq. 5, Nidoprgateatreetonithing HC.
Macartaey, William Grog By Eqs Lrg Aye

Meciloos, G, de Eaudre, Exy, Hilire-howwe, Wevt Birky, Cherkire,

“Macdonald, Somes, Hey. 17, Huswell-square, WC,

Masonald, Colonel Joba (Deag. Stal Corps}. Care of Mevara, Grindlay and
Coa 83, Partiament-strest, S.-W.

emes e eleleney ae Care of Messen, Knewitt ant
Orn 8, Sunmcourt, Cornhill,

Maotonsld, Wen. M., Keq, oo SW; ond St, Martin's, Perth,

‘Maciounell, Sir Richard Graves, «.0.3.0., C.0, Athencwm Club, Pail-mall, S, We

MacEachen, Archibald, King.“ Sanvide," Camptalteuen, Argyll, .B.

1940Macfarlany Joha G,, Eaq, The Tower, Riots

Machine, Dowald, Keg, #0. 11, Southusoh-place, Hydepart, W.; axl
Eat India U, 8, Chub, St, Jemer'e-nyuare, SW
Maclarlane, Donald H.,Exy. 62, Portland-plice, W.

MocGregor, Lieut-Col. C, M. 15, Jermyn-strect, 8, W.

MacGregor, Duncan, Esq. Athenceun Club, 5. W,

nies: a 7, Fonbrugh-park Bost, Blackheuth ; and Athenaum

Macintyre, Patrick, Hay, ra, 1, Maida-nale, W.

Mackay, Rev, Alesander, Lind. 2, Hutlon-place, Grange, Eilinturyh.
Mackay, Nevile F., Kg.

‘Mackelvie, Jas. Tannock, Esq. 21, Victoria-st., 5.W.; and 7, Albemarte=st., W.

Wore Capt. Colla (78th Highlanders), Naval and Afvitary Club, Piso

*Mackensie, James T,, Eaqe Hatchford, Cobham, Surrey,
Mackecaie, Eagn M0,) 0.0, 2, Chouceater-howea, Glowceaterureacenty
BWag and Bust India United Sereice Ctud, 8. 1
‘*Mackmoa, EAwant, Kay. 13, Mydeparkespuare, W.
* *Mackiulay, Avdrew U., Raq. Mazethurst, Nutfeld, Reddit
Muckinley, Dy Haq, Oriental Clud, W.
‘Mackinlay, John, Esqy 3. M.t.0.% Percy-house, 13, Pervy-cirews, WiC.
Meckinnon, C. D.; Esq. Care of Mosars. J, Clinch and Sons, 9, Avstin Friant,
BC.

*inckinnon, Key. Donald Dimsdale, Ma, 8, Bryansionestract, W.; ond New
Tntoersity Cha, 5t, James's-street, SW.
*Madkinnon, Wo. Eaq, Balinakill, Cachan, Argyleshire ; and 7, Lothtury,
gfeMackioton, Alex, Enq. 9, Tulbot-aquare, Hyde-Pork, We
‘Mackintosh, Alexander Brodie, Eaq. Oriental Club, W.; and Dunoon, Scotland.
Mackirdy, Lieut-Gon. Elliot (@0th Regiment). 17S, Ciub, 5. 1,
‘Mackley, Thomas Cole, Kay, Dunster-house, Minoingelane, Z.C,

Royal Geographical Society. lexiii

elven, clash Pome {lait Ce Re
Gare of Mr. B. Bewerse, MoRrorw-bure, Be
MeKerlie, P. Has Rahs FAA. Soot, bos, yeesoreniea Ww.
acco" Meher, Hon. Joho, Oumar, New Zealand. Cure of Messrs, Relfers,
Alezoder, int Co., 3, Great Winaremerstreetawuildings, B.C.
Ade Dt Allan, Roqyy ras, Duart-oues, The Avenue, Eithswe-rood,

‘MeLeod, Major-Gea. W.C, 62, Glouceste-gardens, Hyde-park, W.; ond 14,
8, Samer eo sare, 5.
‘MeMadon, Colonel A. Care of Mesurs. H, & King and Co. Corwhitt, £.C,
McMaster, James, Raq, 1, Stowlape-gardens, Queen's gate, &.W,
‘MeNate, Major John F. Avy Kote Core of Mestre. Codd and On, 30, Craven
wreet. WiC.
Meil, The fight Hon. Sir John, a.c.n, Oranton, near Eedininrgh,
MeNeill, Colonel J.C. ¥.04, 6,8 United Service Chet, Puil-nail, 5.W.
“MeVean, Colin A,, Hay, Care of Heo, D, Mo Vean, Buneaoan, Sevtland,
Madan, Hor. J. Cedar-vilia, Kensington, W-
2or0Mageath, Colonel John I (Maras Axtillery, Ret.). Sewill, near DBradjoote
on Avan, Wilts; ant East India U. 8, Cub, 14, St. Famer'eaquare, 8, ¥,
a Mair, G. J, Joy Bag 2AA- 41, Upper Bedferd-place, Runsell-aquare, W.C.
ty | Maitland, fer, A. Gray, Rosenoath, Sydenhar-park, $F,
M65) "Major, Richard Heary, Esq, ¥.9A. Atenown Clu, S.W.; and British
Museum, WoC.
‘*Makins, Hears F, Keq. 8, Palaoe-gate, Kensington, W.; and Reform Chub,

gesee 232 5 9 88 eff

Melby, John Walter, Emj. 15, Blchmond-villax, Scoensristers’-roud, Holle

‘*Maleolin, Major Edward Dooald, nox, Bdisturyh,

Maloolm, James, Haq. 22, Prinad egate, Knightsbratge, 8.W.

*Maloolm, W. Bay Faq. Burnfoot, Langholne, near Corliss

Malden, B. Jno, Haq. 14, Great Ceram-ytrect, Fussellsquare, W.C.

3620Mallesen, Colonel 0, B, Care of Mesara. Coutte-cnd Cv. Strand, W.0.

“Mallet, Chas,, Esq. Audivogice, W.0,; and 7, Queensiro'-terrace, Bays
seater, W.

Malsby, F. Cecil, Esq, Tatohed-Howse Club, St, Jamess-strect,

‘Man, Maj.-Gen, Heary (Madras Stall Corps), 2 Palace-road, Surbiton,

Mn, Captain J. Alexander, Imperial Maritime Customs, China, Junior Unitek
Serviee Club, &W,

Bina, Captain William. Care of Mylos Fenton, Erp, 32, Westbournc-terrace,
Rydepat, W.

Man, William, Veq. Woodford, esoe,

Manchester, Win. D, Montagu, Duke of 1, Great Stanhoperstrect, W. 5 and
Hiinbolton Gastie, St, Neots.

Main, H., Keg. Belprave-mansiins, SW. ; and 13, Upper Brunswick place,
‘Brighton.

B55 § 353 Geese # F

ite. |

List of Fellows of the

Masn, Jarnes Alexander, Boge, 3.R.ket,

2030Mann, Robert Samos, q., 3.0, 5, Kingadounvedilas, Wandeeortt-commen, 8.17,
‘Mouners, George, Has, ra. Zanedinone-roads, Croydon,
ManneresSutton, Hou. Graham, 60, Thveloesyuare, &.W,
MannersSution, tfou, Hobert Memry. 12, Queensberrysph, 8. Kestingtos, We
‘Moning, Prederiehy Bq. Dyrevt-lodye, Leamington y and 8, Dveeratreety We
Manel), Captain A. L, Aydrogrophtonogfice, Admiratty, SW.
Mantell, Sir Joba Thee, Ciunty Polioncourt, Strangeways, Manchester,
Mantell, Walter Baldock Durant, Esq, Wallington, Now Zealand, Gare of

A. J. Woodthoue, ¥9., 1, Hanocer-square, W.

1873 Mantle, Win, John, ay. Nordiyute, Lincoln.

1876 ‘Moppin, Jowph Chas., Haq. 35, Dulwich-road, SE.

1809 | 20goMarch, Raward Bervard, Hsq., H.M. Cousul, Callao, Cure of Mesars, King anal

Coy, 45,.Pall-mall, &. W,
1e7t BMargotts, William G., ag. St, Hildas, Gromihithe ; and St, Stophen's hw, S. Wi
An72 | —-Margtechis, John Thomas, sj. Cure of Mra, Marytochin, Zrodie-eila,

1674 | Marforitanks, Edw, aq. 154, Piccadilly, We

1873 ‘Markham, Captain Albert Hastings, #.x, 21, Eoclestonsequare, SW.

1854 Markham, Clements Robert, Eq, 0.0, FRA, 21, Becleston-aquare, 8, Was ond
Athencwm Chad, 8.W. y

1877 ‘Marsh, Capt. H, C20, Cambriddye-terruoe, Mydepark, W.

1957| Marsh, Matthew Henry, Eaq. Ozford and Cambridge Club, 8.17.

1876 | Marshall, Horace Brooks, Eaq. Ciiflon-eills, Biristom,

1602] Marshall, JG. Dos, Haj, Birkenshaie, Mfuneley, Furwborv'-stution, Manta,

1873 | 2050Marshall, John, Esq. Auohland-lodge, Queen's-road, Richmond,

182] Marshall, William, Esq. 11, Mornington-road, W.

1878 | — *Marshall, William, Eu, 37, Norfolletreet, Strand, W.C.

1859 | *Marsham, The Hon. Robert. 5, Chestenfeli:strect, Mayfair, We

1875| —-Marnton, Edward, Haq. 188, Proet-sireet B.Ce

1877 | Marten, Chas, Henry, Hay. Combe-lodge, Blackheath, 8.E,

1874 ‘Marten, C. Rous, Eaq. Wellington, Now sealands

As7t | Marten, Elliott, Esq., VieeConsul, Sarawat. Care of W. 7: Afarten, Bp,

80, Great St. Holea's, £.C.

1601 | Martin, Henry, Raq. Sumwes~Ziowe, Highbury-new-park, Ne

1960] *Martin, Richant Biddulph, Haq. Clarewood, Bickley.

1803 | 206oMartin, Thorns, Es, Beechwood, Withdeun, near Brighton.

1870 | Martio, Won, Coleman, Raq.

1871| Muon, Charles, A.J, Eq. 8, Glocester-creacent, Hyde-pork, W.

1875 | Mason, Dr, Samuel, 44, Finshury-circus, F.C,

seat Master, Chas, Hoskins, Esq. Barrow-green-house, Oxted, near Gectrtowe,

Surrey.
1870 | -Masterman, Edward, Eay. 90, Threcdneedlerstrect, B.O,j aud 2%, Clementon
tane, Lombardeatrects B,C, *

S

Royal Geographical Society. Isxy

Masterruan, Edward, jany Baq. ST}, Old Brootat,, F.C; and Wolthamstow,

Masterman, T. W., Eq. 4, Spencer'sill, WinSiadon, 3,0,

*Mathoon, Aleander, Eoy,, MP. 88, Srutlhatreet, Parilone, Wi amt
Ardrese-castle, Rowstire, N, Be

‘*Matheren, Hogh Mackay, Haq. 0, Lembordetroet, B.C.

2070°Mathowon, Sir James, Bart. nA. 15, Cleveiand-row, SW. 7 ont Aokeny,

Bonar-bridyge, Sutherlandshire, io.

erent so erea ape Deagien sod OX, 5 Fe

‘Mathews, Chas, Edwant, fay, Oahzate, Augustue-roat, Edghoitos, Birwaing-
ham 5 and Arts Club, We
Mathews, Willian, Bay, 4, 49, Harborne-roail, Birmingham.
Mathievoo, James Ewing, Kxq. 77, Lombard-strect, £.C.} ams Weetshouth-
lode, Hampstend, N.W.
Matario, Wm, Henry, Regu 00. 5, Courttteld- gardens, Soath Kensington, 5. W.
‘Mande, Colonel G, A, Royal Mews, Pimlico, 8, W.
‘Mnndiley, Athol, Esq.
ope ‘Norman, Eaq, 1, Hire-court, Temple, B.C, ; ant Univernity Clw',
Mowbey, Houry, Eaq, 260, AmMurst-rvad, Stoke Newington, N.
po¥oMauwell, John, Eoq. Lidhfieid-lowse, Mechwond,
‘May, Staif-Commr. Daniel John, nx. Cure of Mesers, Case and Loudensach,
1, Joneettreet, Adept, W.C,
‘May, Wm., Eaq. St. Mary Cray, Kent,
‘Mayer, Joseph, Eay., RRA, 88, Lord-street, Liverpool,
‘Mayoard, Re Rumell, Eq. Ventnor, Sale of Wight.
‘Mayne, Csptain Kichard Charles, n.x., 0.0. 101, Queen's-gate, §.W.
Mayo, Captaia Sohn Pole. Army and Nacy Cb, 8.W.
Mayson, Jobn S., Haq. 3.8. 3, St. James’ssquare, Manchester.
Mealle, The Hon, Robert Henry. Coloniaboffce, 8.W.; and 3, Belyrare-
squire, 8.7.
Meadows, Dr, Alfied. 27, George-sireet, Hanover-aquare, W
2ogoMeakin, Edw. E., Esq. Kosenfels, Ned-hill, Surrey ; and22, Fenchurch-st., B.C.
‘Messoan, George Samuel, Baq. 8%, Margaret's, Tiiohendom,
Methuret, Sir Walter Wf., Knt, 82, Palacegardenseterrace, W.; ond
Atheneum Chit, 5. W-
*Medlycott, Commander Merrya B., nx. Care of Mears, Woodhead anid Oba,
44, Charing-orves, S.W.
Meigen John G., Bm. 7, Cranen-Aill, Fiayseater, W.
‘*Meinertebagen, Daniel, Esq. 10, Rutiand-gate, &.W.
Melvill, Major-Geoern! Sir Petor Molvill, 27, Palmeirasqware, Brighton,
‘Meivill, Philip, Beq., #448, Bthy-houne, Lastaithvel, Cornuatl.
‘Mendel, Samuel, Beg, Ciiolehurnt, Kent,
‘Meatios, Jus. Irvine, Hsq. 75, Stamford-strvet, KE.

Merowothor, Colooel Sir Willarn Lockyer, ¥.0.8% Cty, Bly Lindee-gardenn,
Kensington, W.¢ ond Indianoffioe, & We

"Merritt, Douglas, Esq. Ledcote, RAineteot, New York. Care of H. i,
Shorlack and Sons, 0, Canning-place, Liverpook,

‘Memiter, Charles Aw, Eq. The Avenue, Branpford Spake, near Exeier,
Meesum, Josiah Teena ity Sores (Controller of HMe Packet
apne a Post-office, E.0.; and Beiford-vilia, Sydanhame-ront,

ene ny Morehouse, Eq. Wishoeh, Cronberidpeshire,
inert! Mou, Paul (Scots Purilier Guards), Guards’ Cheb, Polhevail,
‘Mothyon, Captain Robert, 44, Ohowler-aquare, &.W.
‘*Mextorough, Right Hon, John Chas, Gea, Earl of. 89, Dosenatrent, W.: ant
Methley-pork, near Leeds,
2120%Michell, General J. By Ratha, Core of Mrs. Buoch, 45, South Audley-stroet, W,
Michie, Any Em. 55, Leadenhalinstreet, J2.¢%
Michie, Honouratils Arehiball, @.c. 8 Viotoria-chambers, Victordavntredts
B.W.z and Reform Chuo, 5,
‘Middleton, Rear-Admiral Gir G, N, Broke, Bart, Shrabland-park, Needam,
Suffold s and 35, Albemarierstrect, We
Midwinter, William Colpoys, tise). Junior Carltom Club, Pallmall, &,W.
“Miers, Joho William, Bay cx. 745 Adidison-roud, Kensington, We
‘Mildmay, Major Herbert St, Job (While Buigate),
Miley Lieut-Col, Sainacl Barret: (bombay Staff Corps), Political Agent in
Mekran. Care of Meswra. Hing and Co 45, Pallsnally 8.W.
Miller, Chas, A. Da Eq, Sherbroste-lodye, Briton, 8. We
Miller, David, Eaqy RS. Cniledt Servioe Chu, Pall-mall, &.W.
2120*Miller, Captain Houry Matthew, nats. United Sereioe Clu, &. Wa and Ferme

Miller, Hobart Montgomeria, Keq, Culvardenegrane, Tunbridge Wells,
‘*Miller, Adwirah Thomas, United Service Cid, 8. Ws
‘Milligan, Joseph, Ksq. 6, Cravenartrest, Strand, W.C:
Mills, Acthur, Ey. 94, Hydeparkegurdens, W.
Mills, Jno, Elliott, Eaq, 2, Semaersetsottage, Prtorparkeroat, Bath,
‘Mills, John K,, Hing. Hingwwood-todge, Tunbridge Wetle
Millward, Viotor, Rey 3.0. Fair Vine, Redditeh, Worcnitershire,
Milman, LieuteCol, Everard 8. County Prison, Ost, Monmouthelire,
Milne, Admiol Sir Ales, Bart, 6.0:%, 1, Zoundenatrest, 8. Wiz ond
Tnveresh, Musselburgh.
sxzoMilnor, Row, Joho, mA. The Rectory, Miuddteton«ine Teesdale, Darlington.
Mitchell, Willan Aug,, Bay, Murlboro'vitla, Leo-briilge-rood, 2
Mitford, Col, Jno, Philip Oubaldoston, Mitford Cuatle, Morpeth, Northuntser-
Yand j and Army and Navy Club, 8.W.

Royal Geographical Society. Ixxvii

BRET | *Mocatta, Prederick D., Ray. 9, Conmnaplt-piooe, WV.

1673 ‘*Motiat, Ker. Dr, Robert, 64, Knowkswroad, Mrixtoraroad, & We

Moffitt, John, Ray, General Register Offioe of Seumen 6 .
ue Aduteiderphree,

Moleyns, Major T. A. dey RA, 53, Seymonatrect, Portman-equare, We
196 ‘Molton, Alexander Fullerwn, Eaq.
156) -Molypeox, Lieut, WLC, ¥. 18, Prince af Waulas-terroce, Kearingten, W.; nad
Fraior Tnited Service Club, 8, W.

Money, Major Geant Boel (Bengal Staff Corps). Staitham-park, Peterapeld :

aad are of Mesers, H. 8. King, 45, Paltamalh,
1971 | acqoMontagu, Jno. M.D, Esq, Downevhall, Leidport, unk Union Clad, S. WV,
od ‘Montague, Lieut,-Colonel Horace, Ga, Woterlooploce, 8. W.
1820] — *Montoflore, Sir Moves, Bart, v.10, #18.k. 7, Grosemnorgate, Parkslave,

Wa; and East-olif-todye, Bamazate,
Montgomery, Juo. B. Hy Faq. 93, Mount-street, Jresvencr-nquare, W,
te ‘Montgomery, Robart Mortimer, Esq.
ws Meatgomery, Sir Robert, 0,0..1, 0.1. 7, Cormeall-yardens, Queen's-gate, 8.W,
Lid ‘Moodi, G,P. Raq, Care of J, J. Pratt, Eiq., U4, Colaman-strest, F.C,
Ls) Moody, General B,C X., Cuynisn-howe, near Ludkw, Shropshire,
Moor, Kav. Allon P., A, 788 St. Clement’setcarage, Truro,
Moors, Aolphas W., Ey, India-office, 8.9,
Arg0Moory, John Carrick, Haj, FR Cormcall, Wiytonshire ; and 115, Fatome
wyuere, 8H
16) Moare, John, Eaqs 36, art-tane, £.C.
1810) — Moore, Joseph, Raq. Rydal-mount, Champion-Réll,
Morsn, Benjumin, faq, 20, or/olk-terrace, Bayswater, WY; and 5, Westminster=
chambers, Virtoria-street, 8.W.

are

MW) *Morsnt, Mojor Js be Ls (IR Mrd. Eng.). Mountstvart, Ootucamund, Neilgherrica,
/ Mortras Preekiency. Coreof SMevars, Sohn Glakding ond Sons, 13, Pater
reuter-roe, B.C.

i? ‘More, R. Jesper, Eoq. Lindey-Aail, Sadop,

“Dorgan, Delmar, Bag. 15, Rolancl-yordens, South Kensington, ©. W.

beaid Morgan, D. Lb, Eq. (Deputy Lnnpeotor-Genoral, mx), Army ond Nary
Chub, Prlt-mait, 8, W

ve Morgan, Junius Spencer, Esq. 13, Prince's.gate, Hyle-park, 8. W.

‘Morland, Lieut. Menry, late 15, Assisiant Dockmaster, 40., Bombay,

155) | arko* Morris, Charles, Kay, University Club, 8. W,

ua Morris, Liwd. ellis, Esq. Cure of H. Murris, Kaq., Eastoote-house, St. John's
Fark, Hlackheath,

et] Morris, Edward 8, Raq, Wanderers’ Club, Pall-mall, 8,W, ; and Pontamanan,
Cros Lin, wahire,

In| *Monrison, Alt, Kaq. 16, Caritonshovav.terrace, SW.

tes Morrison, Colonel J.C, D. United Servive Club, Lailematt, 8.W.

od Morriven, Pearson, Kaq. Cure of Join Leohim, Xe, 8, Tohenhouse-yard,
Lathburs, £0.

een

List of Fellows of the

‘Morson, Thomas, Esq. £24, Southampton-row, Russell-square, WC.

‘Mortimore, Poster, Wag. 78, Eooleston-ezuare, 8,

‘Moserthal, Adolph, Eaq,

‘Moser, Robert James, Esq, 45, Bedford-equare, W.C,
‘2n7oMoses, Marcus Tertina, Haq, berian-Leison-park ; and 11, Bustacestreet,

Moth, F.T., Esq. 1, De Montfort-otreet, Leicester.
Monat, Frederick J, Ea. 3.0. urna ‘and Taspactn-Genennl of
os piles 12, Duriumcillan, Kenaington, Wj pong ies

Bile ‘Eaq, British Legation, Yedo. Cure of R.A. Mownsey,
Eug,, Oastle-atreet, Carlisle,

‘*Mowatt, Jamm, Esq, sa, 51, Votting-hill-equare, We; and Caine Coes,
Cambridge.

Mosley, H, Wy Eo ata. Eton College,

Madie, Charles Edward, Esq. Muswell?

Mueller, Fertinand, Bogs M.D. FID, Divi Uy Us Sir Gaia
Melisrurne, Care of Messrs, Dulvu cnt Co., 37, Soho-wquare, We

"Moir, Hogh B,, Haq. 26, Olid Broad-xtreet, EyC,

“Muir, Thomas, Esq. Afudeira ; and 24, Forh-terrace, ReyenCexpark, We

‘218oMallons, Rev. Jovph, 0.0, 14, Lloomfietthatrest, London-wal, EC,

‘*Mallens, Josiah, Exq. Burwood, Sydney, New South Wales,
Mullicer, Robt. Bouvorie, Eq. Grovestowe, Orove-park, Ohinakeh,
Mundy, Daniel Louis, Esq. Care of Mosra. Budden, Finer, and Cs, 48, Fem
churcloatreet, 1.0,

‘Mano, Dr, 11, Park-lane, W,

Minster, His Eacellency Count, (Ambasador of the German Empire.) Germaw
Embassy, 9, Carlton-hosesterrace, 8.W.

Bunton, Francis Kerridge, oq. Gluucester-ouse, Slonebradgepart, Willentes,

‘*Murchieon, John H., Req. Junior Carlton Club, 8, We
‘Murchison, Keaneth yy tq. 24, Chapelnstreet, Parkslane, W. > am Areecies
hurst, East Grinsteod, Shaner.
*Murdoch, Sir Thomas W, Clinton, x.0,810, 8, Park-stregt, Westindaiters
8, Wag and 88, St. Georgr’nequare, 8 We
a1goMurmy, George J,, Esq, Woellon-oowrt, Canterbury; ond Junior Caritew
Che’, 8.

Murray, G. 8 D,, aq. 118, Patlemall, 8, We.

‘*Marvay, Henry, Esq. Garrick Club, Garriobatreet, WiC.

Murray, Jobs, Kay. 50, Albemarlestrect, W.; and Newstead, Wimbledon,
aw.

Murray, Joho, jun, Esq, 50, Albemarlost., Wiz and Newstead, Wenbidden,
ow.

Murray, Lieut John Gro,, twa. Isenamaudre, Crosadomeyy Ireiamd

Munay, T, Douglas, Esq. 34, Portland-place, W,

“Needham, &. HL, Bag, r.0.4. 5, Mecklenburg-street, Mecklenburg-square, W.C.
Nelom, George Fleazy, Reqs Whynzeaton's MToypital Boys’ Bohol, Leiveeter.
UST) sato* Nesbitt, Henry, Exq. 12, Victortseriilas, Kirn, NW.
‘Nesbitt, William, Req, Juntor Carlton Mus, Pall-malt, 8, W.
Neville, Lient.-Col, Halwnrd, 6, Bolton-gardens, South Kensington, S.W.
Newall, Wm, Johnstone, Ex. 33, South-etrvet, Partlane, We
Newbatt, Benjamin, Puy, PAS, ke. 7, Vioaragegardens, Compden-hill, W.
Newby, Riwio Hi, Eaq. Chatham-buildings, New-bridgetreet, B.C,
Lieut Col. Francis W. (Caldatroam Guards), 26, Seymoursstrect,

Wop ond Byrbley-lodge, Needwocd Forest, durton-ypon- Trent,
‘Bewmun, Geo. G., Eq. 75 and 78, Cornhill, .C.
‘Newman, Thomas Holdsworth, Esq. 0, Ot, Comberlond-place, Hyde-park, Wy
pe ttt, 15, Shefieldegordens, Campden-hill, W,
1, Mitre-court, Temple, B.C.

Nicholl, Henry John, aq. 16, Hydepark-gate, W.

Nichols, Robert C., faq. 5, Fusxer-place, We

‘Micholion, Bir Charles, Barts, p.o.ta The Grange, Totteridge, Herts,

Miecholang, Robert, faq Loan Find-honse, Norham, naar Meruvob-on- Tweed,
Northunteriand.

Nloak, Gro, Win, Esq. 312, South Lambetherond, 8.1.
Nicol, Robert, Hey, Heform Club, SW. ; anit Westminster-palace-hotel, SW.
we Seal, ‘Win, Eaq. 10, Ashlepstreet, Viotoriustreet, 8,W.; and Fawsyde,
r. Kincardine.

amr Bléalle, Wins Eiqy sa. LOT, Lansdounerroad, Notiing-hilt, W,

Ww.
Nimmo, Revs Rey DAs, Me ‘Malthouse, Gronthester| near Gombriiget x
MMS, * Lord Warden?
Nix, John H., Eye 77, Lombardatreet, B.C,
*Noldwritt, Jno, Spencer, Eaq.. 352, Albanysroad, Camberwell, BE
*Noltoth, Admiral Matthew 8. ob Alongs Ries TE tT
Berviee Oli, S. We
Norman, Capt. Charles 3. 18, Northtroak-road, Lee 8.E. i
Norma, Hl, Jyy Bog 4, Halhin-strect, Groseenor-place, SWF
Norman, Lieut=Goneral Sir H. Wa, K.cus. 16, Werthoumnmenssre, We
Barely tent £ Carteret Http oe
snes Our 124, Wood-stroet, E.0.; and Maréwohatsroad, Lee,
rent

ete Coloniatopfiot, 8.W.; and 4, Little St, Tames's-street,

Pca 128, Lansdloone-creacent, Notting-Aill

Northumberland, Algernon George, Duke of, poe te
Norton, Geo Baga Mok. 2, Olouccntersplace, Hyde-park, We
‘Norton, Henry Turtoa, Eq. 33, Cornirall-gardons, Queea'sgate, &.We
Notman, Henry Wilkes, Eq. 7, Great Moriborougheatrest, Wa:
Nourse, Henry, Ky. Athena Chub, 8..W.

Ontes, Win, Edward, faq. Meanwoodsile, neur Leeds,
Ogilvie, Edward D., Raq. Fuetian Oerewerie, New South Wales, Core
of Mesert, Marryat and Sons, Laurence Pountney-lane, EC.
32500gilvie, Geo, M, Esq, 14, St, James'ssquare, S.W.; and Raleigh Chet,
Fiagentestreat, 5. W.
bt pr 23, Grofton-stroet, Piccadilly, W.; and Rutheen, Forfar

O'Halloran, Joveph Sylvorter, Kaq. 1, Whitehall-gardens, 8. We
*O'Kovlfe, Comme, Yelverton, ns. 14, Avington-grver, Penge, SB
Older, W. Aug., Kay. Carrington-lodye, Richmond,
Ollershaw, Capt. Robert Piggott, 74, Warwichaquare, Belyrumeroat, S. We
‘Oldham, Surgeon-MajorC. F, Care of Movers. Grindlay and Cx, 65, Paritanent-
treet, 3.
Oldham, Hoary, Esq. 4D, 4, Cavendish-place, We
Oliphant, Laurence, Keq. Athenaeum Club, 8. W,
Oliver, George, Enq. 79) Gracechurch-buildings, F.C,

| aabcOliver, Major'8, P., 18th Drigade ma. Care of Ree. W: Oliver, Bewinger-
rectors Ongar, Eases,

‘Ommanney, Major Edward Lacon (Bengal Stall Corpt). Woedlille-house,
Bhoater'shilFroad, Blackheath, 3 :

*Ommanney, Admiral Sir Erumus, Cty ¥.RA, PIAA, 6, Tulbot-oguare,

— Hyde-part, W. ; and United Service Otut, 8.W.

—— Oinimanney, H. My Esq. Blackheath, 8.5,

Ormathwaite, John Beon-Walsh, Lont, 28, Bertetey-square, We

“Ormerod, Henry Mere, Eaq, Broughton-parh, Manchester.

- Orgen, FoM.'%, Raq. Barkly, Griywalond Wort, South Africa,

‘Orrell, Chas. P, d'Angers, Boy, 34, iutland-gate, 8, W.

- Osbera, SirGeorge It., Bart, Travelters’ Club, 8, W. 1 and Chichnandopessry, Sets,

*Oubarue, Lieut-Col. Willoughby. Loditéoat Agent, Bhopal, Schira, Tri.

Overbury, E. ¥., Bag. (Marne Civil Service). 14, St. Jamen'e-ayuare, 5,1,
"SO verstone, 2 Lont, 1.4, 2.01, 2, Curiton-yardens, 8.W.; and

Oxenham, Edward Lavington, Eaq, utcombe-houw, Weybridge, Surrey.
“Onley, Fredk., Eaq. 23, Gloucestercreaent, Hydo-park, W.
Owdes, Thomas 8,, Ea, Mownt-pleasant, Pailip-lane, Tottenham,

Upper
‘*Pallett, Bott, Hy, Chas, sq. Theydon-hall, Theydon Bois, Esser,
Palmer, P.J., Ray, RN. 50, Finshurysquare, B.C.
‘*Palmer, Captain George, mx. Midgard, Hawick, Roxburghshire,
‘Palmer, John Linton, Eaq., Surg. nx. 24, Hook-park, Rockferry, Cheshire,
“Pullman, Rev, Joseph, a4,, fc. Walls, Somerset.
/sanoPder, J, anlar, Boy. 56, Cromuel-voad, Quee'sgate, 8.1.
‘*Palmer, Sano, Esq.
| Patna, 7: Ay En. 5, Paper-bwikdings, Inner Temple, B.C,
rand, Chles 5., 09. Walton-lodge, Torquay.

7

Ix Lis of Fellows of the.

‘roa of —= ]

1865 | — *Papengonth, Oswald C., Esq., 0.%, Ses Pears aa
square, W.0.

1863) — *Paris, H,RH. Je Comte de.

1884 Parish, Captain A. 1, Wellington-plase, Guikiford, |

1876 | *Parish, Chas, Woodbine, Esq. Quarry-howe, St. Leonardon-Sea,

1840] Parish, Capt, John Ey nN, 9, Howick-place, Vibtoria-atrect, SW.

Parish, Six Woodbine, K.c.H,, 7A, Re. Quarry-house, 3,
sete eee Warrington-terrace, Aahten-undersLiyne ¢ and
date-howse, Renfrewshire, N. L,
Park, James Diokson, Eaq. 48, Queen’ egqate-gardens, South Koarington
Parker, Copt FrancieG. 8, (54th Regiment), 1.0.8 acute Moron. Ors

Parkes, Sir Barry Su 1.6.04 HLM. pinay erantineyee
Parkin, George Lewis, aq. 22, Parhane, W.
Porkin, Thomas, Raq. M.A. 29, Boulevard Haussmann, Baris, Gare ¢
John Parkin, Haltow-sicarage, Hoxtings.
*Parkyne, Mansfield, Baq., P28, Arthur's Club, &, Jamey'arstreet, &. Wy
59, Prince’ square, Daynwater, W.
Parline, Jun, Yq. Appleby-lodge; Rusholne, Manchester
ajroPurr, Commander Alfred A. Chase, ns, Pays-lodye, Bickley, Kewl.
Vary, Edward, Eq. 290, Camden-road, NW.
"Parry, Francis, Req. 9, Stanhopegardens, Cromclloroad, 8, 0".
asco, Captain eas Careof Mestre. Case and Loadenaset, at
street, Adelphi, W:
Pon, Klas A, de, Ha, rine Lartge, Bombridye, late of Wight
Pasteur, Maro Henry, Haq. 98, Minoing-tane, 2.0,
Paterson, John, Eq, 19, Colemancstrect, B.C.
Pattorson, Jas, Wilson, Kaq, Rowland, Wawerloy, Baltimore iy Uhiade
Patterson, Myler, Eaq. 28, Glowcerter-place, Hyde-part, W.
"Patterson, Capt. Richd, R, The Park, Nottingham,
2320Patterson, Maj,-Gen, Win, Thos. Laird. 6, Springegurdens, &. WF.
Pattinson, J., Raq, 2, Bread-vtrort, B,C,
Paul, J. Huy Eaqe, 4.0, The Terrace, Camberwell, SE,
Paul, Joxeph, Ormondeshoure, Ryde, Lolo of Wight.
Pauli, Capt. W. ., ., HM. Consul, Porto Kioo, Care of Meshes. Woo
‘andl Co,, 44, Charéag-oross, 8. W.
Paalron, We ky Uinta, Boas St, Lawrence-vicarage, Rusmayate,
Paxton, Robert Chas, Eq. 94, Staford-terrace, Phillimore-gardens, W,
Posyue, Lient-Col, Geo. Massey, East India United Service Club, 14, 8¢. Ja
square, 8, W.
*Paynter, William, eq, PRA, 21, Belgrave-squory, &. Wee and Com
house, Biishmond, Surrey.

imi wgeree Gist moss Btanmer, Lewet, Susser,
‘81S | 2549°P ely, Colonel Sir Lewis, 0.4.1. Atheweam Chub, Pall-mal, 5.W,
Polly, Capt. Richard W., Rx, Trinity Honeee, Tower-hill, F.C. and Holmen
‘Walthamstow, B.

x Pema en Gee. Herb, a Wiltonehowse, Saditary ;
ant 10, Victorbieaquare, Pimlico, 8,"

_ Pender, StafComm, Dy x, see Whitidalt; and EeyebnotY, Teraton-
“hilt, Wimbledon, &, W

Pender, H. D., Exq. 18, Ariington-atreet, 5. W.

Pender, Joh, Haq. 18, Ariington-street, &.W

"Pennant, Colonel $$. Douglas, Pearhyn-curtie, Bangor.

“Penrhyn, Lord. Penriyn-castle, Bangor
Pepys Hon Walter Courtenay. Windham Ciwb, St. Jamex's-spware, S. W-
Pereira, Francisco E., Hag. 9, Chancerylane, WC,

a350Perkins, William, Enq. Sosario, Aryentine Republsa,

Peery, Sir Erskine, Member of the Council of indis. X6, Katomeplace, 8.W.
Perry, Gerald R., Enq. British Consulate, Stockholm,

"Peery, Willlam, Ey. 8, Wearwioh-road, Upper Clapton, N.E.
Peteh, Bicbd., Boq. 16, Weathurneparh, Myide-para, W

‘*Yeters, William, faq.

*Vigtherick, Jolin, Raq, St. Gorom Haven, St. Austell, Cornwall.

SSsegE REFERER 3 5

(Govervor of Mraritius.) Cure
i, SW, ; and E, India United

*Pixad, Joha Seams, Exjn LD, Pty 0.08. 5, Cariton-terrace, Oatley
siewet, SW.
ae, Pa 2a, i, 98, Avenuesroad, ¥.W,
‘Philip, George, Exy. 82, Fleet-street, .C.
Philipys, Warbart Rens, ¥aq, Indio-ofice, 8.17.
r2

»

ateeaty
‘Pigott, Thomas Digby, Esq. War-ofice, Pallmatl, 8,W.
*Pigou, F. A. Py Hisq. “Dartford, Kent
“Pike, Captain John W., 1x, Wnited Sereite Chib, SW

8

=
vert)
nh
er
wns),
1961
Wea |
oo
wu!
189
1M |
We |
mm
13
mc
os
a3
oc
1989 |
vag
82
3 |
ane

° ee Chatham, Care of Mesars. Cox and C>., Craky's~

meee ear. Hogo, Eoq. Madsonnette, Clapham-oommon, &.

‘*Pallington, Joho Horses, Viscount; 8, Sohacstrevt, Berkeleyssqwsre, WW.
‘*Pessooby, The Hon, Frederick G. B. 3, Mountestrecty Grosenoe-oysare, W
| Posle, CoM, Raga ce. Cure of W. T: Poole, Bigs, Carnareon.
PoxltyCapt.Win, Joho E, (60th Royal Rills), 9, Oranctie-part, Lewisham, SE
‘Pope, Captain Wr, Agnew. Union Club, Trufalyar-oquare, 8. W.
“Porcher, Captain Rawin A. ¥M. 00, Chestersnuare, S.W,

wl eas 57, Grosenur-street, Growenor-epuare, Wi; ond

“*Portal, Won, Richd., Eaqe, A. Tongerhonse, Lower Norwood, 5.5.

Sea ePrints ate
‘Pownall, Joho Fish, Raq. 6, Russoll-equare, WoC,
Powys, The Hon, Leopold, 18, Queensbery-place, 8. W.

2420°P ance, Reginald 1, Boy. Prognat, Hampstead.

See ees eal The Chantry, Fladbury, near Pershore, Worces

FAward, Hq. Care of Reo. H. Waller, The Rectory, Tuyweltoly-
Northamptonshire,

*Provont, Admiral J. 0.

Price, Charles 8, Raq. Zrym Derwen, Neath,

Price, FG. Hg Bags 1, Fleetstreet, B.C,

Prion, James, Haq, 8, Howley-place, Maida-hill West,
‘Price, James Genie, Eaq. 14, Clement’sinn, WC.
Vion, Je May Kagay OR.

‘Price, Sir Rose Larobert, Bart, Nawal and Military Club, Piooadilly, W.

Uri | 2430Priee, Thomas Phillipe, aq. eyed

h niin Wiese, eas <* Typiatt-terrace, Cheltenham 5

anak Cnited Onivoraity Chet, Pall-malt Bast, 8,W,

Jxxxvi List of Fellows of the

aman:
1668
1877
1873
1865

1655
1866

1888

1861

Prideaus, Colonel W, P., Bombay Stall Corps, Cure of Mevsre. King amid Cony
45, Palleimalt, 8.W.

Prinos, John, Kaq. Devonshire Club, St, Tamen's-street, 8, We
Prines, Joba Sampson, Raq. 84, Craveashillgardens, Kydepark, We

"Pringle, An, Eq. Yair, Selhind, M, Be

‘Pringle, Thomas Toung, aq. Reform Cd, 8.0.

*Primep, Edw. Aug. Eaqn, 0.0.8, Commissioner of Settlements in the Punjab,
Tnvitowr, Core of Messrs. H. 8 King and Co,, 655 Cornhill, B.C.
Pritchard, Lieut-Col, Gordon Donglasy tx, 82, Klshameroad, Addisonromd,
Kensington; and United Strstos Club, Palismall, 8. We

sqoProbyo, Ma] -Cecra tr Dighton Macnanyhtens Vy C15 0.8 Queen

‘mansions, St, Famer spark, 8, W.

Precter, Jno, Eqs Gromenl hour Long has eed aes 0m
Fea Soe palit Boro: San
mo « ae rebar Fernando, Trinddad).
ore ne ‘The Rectory, Ayott 8t, Peter's, Herts,
Protheros, Caple Montague, Care of Messrs, Grindlay and Gy, 58, Parliament-
ateoet, 3.Wa; and Junior United Service Club, 8, We

Protheros, Prym, Esq, Gothio-cottage, Adelaide-road, Surbiton.

Prowse, Onwald Milton, Hag. Weelbvurno-house, Sha/teshury-roau, Hammaner=

Prout John William, Eaqy M.A. Adhencewn Club, S.W.; and Neandem,
Middloser, NW.

Pryor, Rev. Jno, Rade, Rennington-rectory, Stevenage, Herts,

Puckle Major-General James, 9, Charlotioatreet, Brighton,
2450*Pugot, Liout Colonel J, Aldarshot-park, Aldershot, Hants.

Pulestoo, John H., Eq. 2, Palace-gate, Kensington, W,

Poller, Arthur Gilos, oq. Adhendeum Civb, 8. W. ; Arthur's Cheb, 5.1; coud

Youngobury, Ware,

Pullman, Heary, Esq. “Normandy,” Xow-road, Richmond.

Pullman, Joon Eaq. Grove-end Chinolok,

Punstor, Wr. 1.» Kg.

Purcell, Edward, Esq. xb, Whitchurch, Monmouth,

Purdon, Lieut, George Frederio, Ns

*Pusey, Sidney Bs Bouverie Bag.
Pyeroft, Sir Thomas, K.C,81, 17, Cleveland-gardens, Hyde-park, W.

Quin. Lord George. 18, Selgraveaquare, 8. W.
agboQuin, John Thomas Esq. Care of Ar. Jno, 2, Williams, 36, Hillmartenroed,
Cumden-roed, ¥,

Royal Geographical Society. Texavit

See 1b, Oldesqvare, Lincoln’ ring, W.C.5 anit Oaford ont Cire
trike Glut, Paltemall, 3, We

"Rae, Jamas, Ey. 99, Plidlimore-gordens, Kewringtoa, W.

” “2 Saeed 2, Addivon-gurdens South, Hotland-villas-rovd,

Rarmbsct, Joho, Eaq, ¥.0. ‘The Grange, Godsteat, Surrey,
| Bamay, Ales. Faq, Kilmorey-boge, Castlebar, Luling, W.
Ramey, F, W, Hutchinsoo, Faq, 32D, 15, Sonerest-otrent, Portes

aqBo*ilaudell, Rey. Thowas, wa. Zuiah’s School for Boys, Tountons
‘Ranh, View dmival Geeee sa 10, Brmecichpion, Ligon; ont

ESE 5 S8a58 8855254555 2% EG83

‘stret, SE. Same square, 8.W.
“Rarenstein, Brnest G,, eq, Alpha-cottage, Lorn-road, Briston, 3,1,
Havlings, 1. D., faq. Choltehilt, Kingsbury, N.W,
‘Rovwlios, Won, Doualdsoo, Haq. sua, 18 Dowen-strest, Mayfair, W,
‘Kawlinvon, Sir Choistopher, 61, Lowndessquare, S.W.; and Aidinghourne
homey Chichester,
‘*Hawlinson, Major-General Sir Henry C,, #.00,, D.0.14, L4,0,, Fas, Athena
Chub, 8, Wz and 21, Charlemstreet, Berkeleyssyuare, W.
awww, Christopher, Ey. 9, Vieturiachambers, Westminster, & W.

itt List of Fellows of the

Rawson, Philip, Eq. Woodhurst, Crawley, Susser.

Rawson, Sir Rawson Win,, 0.m.04 00, DraytowKowe, Wet J
Middlesex.

‘Rawson, Lieut, Wyntt, aN. Cane of , Rawson, Big., 9, Vietorsonh
Wertminster, 5.W,

2g00Ray, Major Alfred Willism, The Lodge, Bricton-oval, 8.W,

Ray, George H., Kags 3.0, Bengol, Care of Messrs, Grindiay ond
Parliament-stroet, 8.W.

“Rayleigh, Lord. Terding-plane, Witham, Been,

Read, Fredoriok, Enq. 45, Leinster-square, W.

Road, FW. Cy Hany Walthamstow.

Read, Geo, John Meredith (Mivister of the U.S. in Greece), Athens,

Redhead, &. Milne, Kaq., #.tak. Springfald, Seediey, Manohester ) Cons
Club, SW. ; and Junior Carlton Club, 8, W.

Rest, John William, Eq. 27, Clarence-street, Islington, 1.
2g ro*Rehden, George, Keq. 2, Great Tower-street, E.G.
Reid, Alexander, Key. Georgetown, British Guiana. Care of the
Bank,

t, Hie. "
Reid, David, Kaq.
Rel, Lestock Wy Esq. Athenaum Chid, S.W.; and 122, Wer
terrace, W.

Rewntry, Jno., Ey, The Grange, Niyhtingole-lane,
“*Reanie, Joba Keith, Eaq., 3.4 Onenb, 2, Evelestonasyware, & We
Rennie, John Thomson, Eq. 6, Hast Indiaavenwe, 4.0.5 and Dh
house, Aberdeen,
2520*Rannle, M, By Req, ete Care of James Kennie, Eiqu 9 Motoow
Boigrave-square, 8. W.
Rennie, W., Raq. 6, Great Oumberland-place, W.
Renshaw, Chas, B., Esq. Elderalie, Renfroveshing, NB.
*Roawick, General W. Fa, Re, 18, Gambridye-gardens, Kilburn, 2.1%
Reuter, Julius, Baron de. Kensington-palace-gardens, W.
Reynardson, Henry Birch, Rage Adwell, near Tetsworth, Oxfordshire,
Beas William Henry, faq. Care of Mesers, King and Coy 65,
Rhodes, Arthur John, Kaq. Yorhveitia, London-road, St. Albans.
Bhodes, Hoa, Wim. Barnard, Mem. Legis. Counctl, Now Zealand. Wi
New Zealand. Care of Messrs, Sat, Morrivon and Qos, 4, Fe
street, B.C,
*Ricarde-Seaver, Major F, Ignacio, Conservative Club, St, Jomea's, S.

a5joltien, Win Enq, Apsley-end, Hemel Hompateud.

| Richards, ALtred, Lan. Teetesiarypfodye, Forestaiil.
: res sabres Cwited Service Chub ; and FMS. * Deoastation,”

| vast | Richaeds, AdmniralSir George H.,c.m., 9.2.8, Vancovnershouse, Forest, 8.5,

“ : 2 Ww. mM
ea ‘Orsentat Chib, W.} ond 14, Bfanse
Wi) Riley, Captain Charles Henry. Junior Onited Sereice Ctub, 8, W.

‘Rintoal, Robert, Esq. Windham (ind, 8, W.

Hon, Geo, Fredk Sam,, Marquis of, ¥4,,¥:R. t, Caricon-gurdens,
ef ad Bday Ra Boe
| 1550Riltchie, Rev. George St, Martin (Chaplain to the Foro).

‘*Hobnrts, Chasen W., Bag. Pewithshowse, Bfraoad, Bristow, 8. W.
eee place pet octane ala

Sir D, Brooke, 6.8, ILM. Consal-General, Stanghac. Care of

ow , King and Cb., 85, Cornhill, B.C.

h pretties 174, Chathawatreet, Fathner-eyuare, Liverpool,
aeons =i arama

ahire, NB,
|) a Cousl) Yolotana, Jepan,
Major

=

“Robinson, Arthur M., Esq, 42, Deronahire-roasl, Ctruphton, Birheniend,

sire! Capt. F.C, Bm, Gare of Lense Joint Sik Bast, Patiwall,

Robinson, Henry, Haq., M.Lon, ras. 7, Wevtmdsater-chambers, &. 1.

2570Robinson, H. O., Eeq, Fairhant, Crystal Palscepark, 8.

‘Robinson, Sir Hereules G, rho ireidiegratl ncn me Meewra.
Burnett, 17, Surreyoatreet, WAC,

Robicncn, Jobs, Bag. Gare B Stet, 3G

Robinson, John, £aq,, 0.8, Newieh, Lawer, t

‘Robinson, J. R., Baq., Lieb, PALA. Soot, POA Edi, \Sesthsterrane, Doashorg.

Robinson, J.T, Esq, 20, Bloomiteery-oyuare, WiC

Robiuon, Colonel Sir John Stephens, Bart, miami Cid, BW Elen
Park-tone, We

Robinson, Mr, set ian 8, KinjteBcowalh, Teng Bj a 4,
Mechlenturgh-equare, Ws

Miva sicnad i, 15, Montpelieeeiiay, Brighton.
Robinson, Win, Kags C0, Coloniahoffioe, 3. We
2¢#oRobiaswon, Sir W. C.F, K.C.¥.6., Governor of the Straite Setlemats. Care of

Colomiatopioe, 8, W.

Rochester, ight Rev. A. W. Thorold, Bishop of, Athenarwn Civ, & We

* Rodd, James Rennoll, Raq. 29, Beaufortegardens, &.W.

Rot, Capt, Hoo, Jao, Septigas (Surveyor-Geueral, W. Austzalia). Care of Are
Ellis Jervoise, 7, Euston-place, Leamington.

Rogers, Captain Ebeneeer, 8.0.P., Chester

Rogers, Kdwant C., Kix. Three Counties Asylum, Stoefoid, Baldock.

Rogers, Joba Ty Einy, Biver-hill, Sevenoaks.

Rogerson, Geo, Russell, Esq F.RA.S. Beech-cottage, Culderstomesrood, Allertem,
ear LXverpook,

Ronn, M, Hermann von, Ladbrokelodge, Ladbrokesuare, W.
5 90looke, Major W., 1a. Formosa, Lymington, Hante,

Rooks, Geo, Arthur, Ksq. 12, Bloomebury-equare, W.C.

Rom, Dr. Don Manuel Gonzales de ln, x1.a.c. (Professor of Philuophy,
University of San Mateos, Lima.) “80; Guildfordastreet, Aussetiag., W.C,

Rose, Henry, Esq. 8, Porshester-aquare, Hyde-park, We

Rose, H. Cooper, xq, MD. Hampatead, WW.

Rose, Jas, Anderson, Exq, Wandsworth, Surrey, 8.W.i and 11, Salisbury
streot, WC.

= ‘The Right Hon, Sir John, Bart, K.0.2.0, 18, Queen’s-gule, Hyde-park,

W

‘Rose, Colonel Sir Wr, Andervon, Alderman, ¥.8.t. Guriton Club, 8.W.:
63, Upper Thames-street, B.C. and Upper Tooting, 8.W,

Rosenthal, ny aq. 10, Dolamere-terrace, N.W.

Rom, Lieut.-Col, KC, Cure of Messrs. Grindlay and Con, 55, Parkiament-
street, SW,

Fe

1873

Royal Geographical Society. xei

‘2600Ross, Capt. Geo. Ernest Augustus, Forfar-house, Cromwell-road, South Ken-
sington, 8.1.
‘*Roundell, C. $., Esq. 16, Ourzon-strect, Mayfair, W.
Routh, E. J., Eaqy M.A, PRS, FRAG, Bo, St. Peter's College, Cambridge,
Routledge, Edmund, Esq. 40, Clanricarde-gardens, Bayscater, W,
Routledge, Thomas, Eeq. Clazheugh, Sunderland,
Row, A. V, Nursing, Esq. Daba-garden, Visagapatam, India, Care of
Messrs, King and Co., 65, Cornhill, B.C,
‘*Rowlands, Percy J., aq. India-ofice, 8.W.
Rowley, Captain C., R.x. 83, Cadogan-place, 8. W.
Royse, Capt. E,C.,R.N, 31, Royal-avenue, 8. W.
Backer, J. Anthony, Esq. Blackheath, S.E.
a6roRudge, Wm, Newland, Esq. 17, South Audley-street, W.
Torquay, Devon, .
Rumbold, Capt. H. E. W.
‘*Rumbold, Charles James Augustus, Esq. 5, Percival-terrace, Brighton.
Rumbold, Thomas Henry, Esq. 38, Sussez-square, Brighton.
Rumley, Major-General Randal, 16, Eaton-terrace, Eaton-square, 8. W.
*Rusden, Geo, W., Esq. Care of Messrs. Ashton and Co., Crown-court, Old
Broad-street, E.C.
Russell, Lord Arthur, M.P. 2, Audley-square, W.
Russell, George, Esq., Maa. Viewfteld, Southfields, Wandsworth ; and 16, Old
Change, St. Pauls, B.C.
Rassell, James H., Esq, St, Mary's National Schools, 4, Kinglake-street, Edge~
‘hill, Liverpool.
Russell, Right Hon, John, Earl, x.G., 7.2.8, 37, Chesham-place, S,W.; Pem=
broke-lodge, Richmond; Endseigh-howse, Devonshire } and Gartehouse, near

and Ethyllaon,

2620Raseell, Peter N., Esq. 66, Queensborough-terrace, Hyde-park, W.
‘*Raseell, Robert, Esq. 42, Albemarle-stroct, W.
Raseell, Thomas, Kaq. Haremere-hall, Hurstgreen, Susses.
Bussell, Thomas, Esq, 22, Kensington-palace-gardens, W,
Russell, Win, Howard, Esq., 11.0. Carlton Club, 8. W.
‘*Botherford, David Greig, Esq. Surrey-house, Forest-hill,
Rutherford, John, Eeq. 2, Cavendish-place, Cavendish-square, W.
Rutaoo, Albert 0,, Eaq. 7, Half-Moon-sireet, W.
Ratson, John, Esq. Newby Wiske, Thirsk, Yorkshire.
Raxton, Captain W, Fitsherbert, nm. 41, Oornwall-gardens, 8.17.
2630°Ryder, Admiral Alfred P., H.M.S. ‘Audacious,’ China. Care of Admiralty, 8. W.
Ryder, G., Esq.

Sabben, J. T., Eoq., u.D. Northumberland-house, Stoke Nevington, N.
Sebel, Ernest E., Exq. 185, Maida-cale, W.

a

List of Fellows of the —

4
Sabine, Lieut-General Sir Hdw., Mies Wty HM Aten Bec, 1S, Aaiey-p
Victorianstreet, Westminster, 8. W.

Sadgrove, Arthur Willian, Esq. 4, Morklne, B.C.; ond Bitham, Ken
‘St. Albans, His Grace The Dake of. Bestwoodspark, Arnold, Notts.

‘St, Clair, Alexnnder Bower, Eaqyy H.B.M. Consul, Janyy Moldavian

St. Clair, John, Esq. Newton Stewart, Wiytonahiee.

Se Seta Topas eo Bet Maloorn. Well; nd. Funior Athen

2640S, Joho, Major Oliver Beauchamp Coventry, nut, Care.of Meters, 8
King and Cou, 05, Cornhill, E.0,
St. John, Spenser, Eqn, British Minister, for
Evian 4, St, John rcood-tervace, St, Jokn'sveod, NW.
Sule, Captala M,T, xt, Chatham,
Salleld, Colouel J.C, (H.3, Indian Foroos), 29, St, James'estreet, 8.1%
Salles, J de, ay, 59, Sianhope-gardenr, South Kensington, &. W,
Salmon, Charlee Spencer, Kaq.
‘Salmond, Robert, Rage Reform Club, 8,¥V,; and Rankinton, Patna, Ayre
*Salomoos, Sir David, Bart. Broomhill, Tunbridge Welle; and 46, 0)
Berkoley-stroot, We
‘*Balt, Henry, Esq, Egremont, Bournemouth,
Salthouse, Rev, Robert, St, James'eparsonage, West Derby.
aGgo"Sandbach, Wm, Robertson, Faq. 10, Prince'sgate, Hydle-park, SW,
Sandeman, Captain Davki George. Zhe Ferns, Etdon-roack, Kensington,
Sandeman, Klewtwwood, Kaq. 15, Hydewpartgardens, W.
Swudertoa, Rar, Edward The Viowrage, High Hurst Wood, Uoh
Susser.

Sandilands, Joho Alerander, Eaq. 59, Mark-lane, #0,
Sanford, Licut,-Colonel Henry Ayshford. 29, Cheiterstreet, Crascenonp
SW. and Nyneheact-court, Wellington, Somerset,
Eanford, W. Aysbford, Eaq., x08, Nynehoad-court, Wellington, Simers
‘Sapp, Joho James, Bag. Palmerston-roud, Sintlses,
Barel, Colonel Hy Au Guy Ansiat.~Adj.-Geneml Site Diatrioty Doeer 7
United Service Club, Pall-malt, 8.W.
Sarll, Johm, Kisq. eawooir-Aouse, HToltington-park, St, Leonards-en-Sea,
a6Go%artorls, Alfred, Req. -Abbotiswoud, Stow-onathe- Wold.
Saumares, Rear-Admiral Thowns, a.m. The Firs, Leroy
Snunilers, Fran, Eoq. 6, Limes-grove, Lewisham, 8.2.
Saonders, Howard, Eaq, 7, Radnorplaco, Glovenster-square, We

Saunders, James Kbenezer, Ex Wi 7.8.5 F.Rodabe 9 Finsbury
‘and Chaivintone, 36, Leenterrace, Blackheath, SE.

Savory, Major HB, Naval and Military Club, Piccadilly, We

Sawyer, Colonel Charles (8th Dragoon Guards), 20, olandagardens, 3.)
Gchikfor, Wm. Fredk., Kaq. Lydatep-howe, Highyate, Ne

Schalch, Vernon Rodolph, Esq. 20, Millon-street, Doraetooquaere, VW,

fT AS

ail

Royal Geographical Society. xeili

Schenley, Edwanl W. H., Eeq. 14, Prinod’sgate, 8.W.
2670Schol6eld, William F., Eaq. 55, Onslow-gardens, 5.7,
Scho, Rev, James Frederick. Palm-touw, Chatham, Kent,
‘Scobell, Sandford Geo. T., Esq. Down-house, Red Marley, Gloucester,
Seance, Gideon C., Koq. 14, St. Jamed’s-square, 8.
‘Scott, Abraham, Esq. 12, Farguhar-road, Upper Norwood, 3.E.
Scott, Adam, Esq. 10, Knatchbull-road, Camberwell,

Scott, Arthur, Esq. Zotherfleld-park, Alton, Hants; and Travellers’ Ciub,
aw.

‘*Scott, Dugald, Eaq. The Moorlands, Kereal-oige, Manchester,
Scott, Lord Heary, 3, Tidney-strest, Park-lane, W.
‘Scott, Hercules, Esq. Brotherton, near Montrose, W. B.
2680*Scott, James Benjamin, Eoq, 32, Coal Exchange, City, E.C. ; and Walthamstow,
Scott, John Charles A., Eaq. 6, Cambridye-gate, Regent’s-park, N.W.

Boot, Capt. P, An BN, Care of W. T. Littigjohns, Exg., Royal Naval
College, Greenvich, 8.E. :

Serutton, Alerander, Esq, 2 Upper St, John's-park, Blackheath, 8.E,
Soovell, George, Eoq. 25, Grosonor-place, S. W.
‘Searight, Hugh Ford, Esq. 7, East India-aoenue, F.C,
Searight, James, Esq. 80, Lancaster-gate, W.
Seaton, Maj.-Geo. Lord, D8, Albany, W.
Sedgwick, Jno, Bell, Esq. 1, St. Andreu'eplace, Regent'spark, N.W.
Seebohm, Henry, Esq. Rutlidge, Sheffield.
ab goSedey, Harry G., Eaq., ¥-1.8., 7.0.8, he, 61, Adelaide-road, N.W.
‘*Seely, Charles, Esq., jun. 7, Queen'e-gate-gardens, South Kensington, 8.W.
and Sherwood-lodge, Nottinghamshire,
Segrave, Capt. W. F.,,H.M. Consul, Stockholm, Care of the Librarian,
Foreignofce, 8.W.
‘*Serocold, Charles P., Esq. Brewery, Liquorpond-street, E.C,
Sevin, Charles, Eq. 155, Fenchurch-street, E.C.
Sewell, Henry, Eoq. 10, Upper Westbowrne-terrace, W.
Sewell, Stephen ., Esq. City Club, Old Broad-strest, E.C,
Seymour, Alfred, Esq. 5, Chesterfield-gardens, Mayfair, W.
‘*Seymour, Admiral F. Beauchamp, ¢.8, Admiralty, Whitehall, 8, W.
Seymour, George, Esq. 12, Lower Philiimore-place, Kensington, W.
a7oo%Seymour, Major-General W. H.,.8, United Service Glub, Pall-mall, 8,W.
‘Shadwell, Admiral Sir Charles F, A., K.0.8., ¥.8.8, Meadow-bant, Melksham,
Wilts,
‘Shadwell, Lieut.-Colone) Lawrence.
Shanks, Major Joseph G., natt, Plymouth, Devon.
‘Share, StaffCommander James Masters, x. Seaview. ‘i
_ sy terrace, Lipson-road,
‘*Sharp, Colin Kimber, Hog. 43, Tragunter-road, West Brompton, 8. W.

Sharp, Captain Cyril, 7, Thurlos-square, 8, W.

=

1875,
(1867
1878
‘1860
1863
1887
1858
1868
1871
1978
asta
19876
1869
1671
1807)
1863 |,
1889

‘Sliver, tho Revs Preiss Mebwy FolbsAitay POA Kiko Heotory, Norton-ineMaten,
‘Silver, Stephon Won, Kiaqs 66, Cornhill 2.0.5 and 8, Yerk-yate, 2 |
park, NW ~o ah

Slolen, Col. EB, Care of Meus. Grindlay and Co,, 55, Parliament-street,

"Slates, Ker, Raward Henry Msinwartag, Tle Gore, Bournemouth,
fimaale, Bir Joho (Chief Justice, Hong-Kong) 26, Keuington-square, W.
Senedley, Jeseph Vy Kaq., M.A, Oxford emt Cambritiye Cub, 8, W.
‘Smetham, John Ovborne, aq. King's Zynn, Norfolk.
“Seaith, Auguitus Henry, Rey. The Ridge, Bitterne, Southampton.
‘Smith, B. Leigh, Haq. 3a. Oxford and Cambriige Cle), Pail-mall, 8, W,
‘Sonith, Bridgman, Kang. 27, Lloyd-aquare, WC.
re ea ‘14, Bt, Jameresyuare,S.W. Care of Koss,
King and Co, Cornhill, £0.

apboSmmith, David Murray, Haq. 20, Oxfordatreet,
| Senith, Edward, Req. Windham Chub, 8 We
“Semith, K, Losia T,, Kaz. Zichmend-hovae, Hounsicer,
‘Smith, F. Porter, Esq., m1.0, Shepton Maliet, Serversctahire,
‘Srnith, Geo, Ferrday, Bey, M.4., 2.%,, ko, Orovehuret, Twnbrhige Wells.
‘Sealth, Griffiths, Haq. 7, Endsleizh-strest, Twrtstock-eyware, WiC.

Boer Colonel Philip (Grenadier Guards), 6, Tiere Buckinghamegste,
ses, 22, Boy Torremspark, Adelaide, 8, Austratia,

Smith, W. Castle, Key. 1, Glowceater-terrace, Regent'e-park, N.W,
‘Mon. William Henry, aux. 1, Myde-park-stroet, W.
he “Sinith, Wen Hiy., Koy, Care of Mevors, Alton Bros, and Cv., Jumessstrs’.

} Seni, William Howarth Glynn, Hey, 24, Delamere-crescent, W.

I

+ Mansion-howse, B.C,
Beas James Carnegie, Earl of Met, Ainnaind Grate, Beeching
Southey, James Lowther, Bay, Admiralty Zranmportofce, Dracry-besidiags
Spalding, Captain H, (104th Regiment).

Shrewebury.
Spevee, Jax Mudie, Kaq. Erfington-house, Waalley-range, Monchester,
be che Yaga, P.Qaty et, Brtington-bouse, Whalleyrange, Aare

Spencer, ‘Admiral the Hon J. WS. 5, Portman-street, W.

Bremen eerie 28, Peroy-areeet, W.; and Cavendish Gist, 907, Regent
atreat, We

‘sBooSplee, Retort Paulson, Bag, 21, Parllament-rtreet, 8, Ws

Spicer, Edward, Eaq, 19, New Bridge-atroet, #0,

Spioer, Ins, Eaq. The Harts, Woodford, Envex,

Spiowr, Capt, Richard W, 3, Chethameplace, Belgraresguare, 5. W.

Spickernell, Dr, Geo, F., Principal of Eastinan's Royal Naval Establishment,
Lastermparaie, Sonthsea,

*Spottiawoode, Willinta, Eaqy x. 41, Groveenor-place, 5. We

"Spratt, BeareAdmiral Thos. A. B., cut, ¥.1us Clareslodge, Neeill-park, Ture
ridge Wells, Kent,
Spruce, Richard, Eaq.y v1.0, Coneyethorpe, Malton, Forkahire,
Square, William, Eoq,, 7.8.0.8. 22, Portlandnequare, Plymouth,
Stanford, Edward, Ea. 55, Charing-cross, 8. We
2B10*%Stanfonl, Edward, Haq. jun. 17, Spring-gardens, 8. W,
*Stavhope, Walter Spencer, Faq. Cannonball, Barnsley, Yorkshire,
Stanley, StaffCoummander Henry, Rx. Admiralty Survey, Melbourne) om
Mydrographic-office, Admiralty, &. We
stanley, Walmsley, Haq, cx. Altert-house, West Bnd, Eaher, Surrey,

Royal Geographical Society. xevii

‘Stanton, Charles Holbrow, Haq, 65, Redlife-gardow, 8.1,
‘*Stanton, Kdwd. Wa, Eay,, aa. 5, Ferulam-buildings, Gray"s-ine, W.C.
‘Blanton, George, Esq. CotomAill, Shrewabnery ; and Consersutiioe Clady &.W.
‘Stanton, Hoary, Eq. 5, Laeadouneplace, Holloery-rval, N.
Stark, Win, Emery, Eq. Rydaltxlge, New-purt-road, Brictonbuil,
Starling, Jomph, Faq. Meresfurdtodye, Dyhe-road, Brighton.

sBr0Stareley, Major-fien. Sir Charles, K.c.n., Commindersio-chiel, Bomlay. Cire of

Mr, H, Sanders, Ws, Tictborne-strect, W.; and Cnited Service Club, SW,

*Seareley, Miles, Roy, Ole Sleitgford-olh, Ripon.
‘Seebbing, Elword Charles, faq. National Debt Oploe, 19, Old Fewry, B.C;

Steel, Major J.P., na Simla, Care of the Oriental Bank, 40, Threadnoadle-
tree. BC

‘Steel, William Strang, Eeq. 05, Lancaster-yate, Hydepork, W.

Steals, James Dickooo, Ba. JM, Female Crnnict Prive, Weding, Serrey,

Stain, Hon, Robert. Port Zouls, Mouritius. Care of Mesere. Sodyicn, Stesn,
ond Cx, 22, Basinghallatrest, EO,

‘Stenning, Chuaries, Enq, 8, Upper Hamilton-terrace, ,W.

Stephen, Sic George, Metbourne, Care of Mr, H. W, Ravenscroft, 16, Join
trent, Bedford-ruw, W.C.

Stephens, Harold, Eig. Finchley, NW.

28;0°Stephens, Thomas Wall, iq, 112, Queensgate, South Kensington, & We
‘Brepheneon, Joo, Hunter, Esq. 3, Newman’s-court, Cornhill, EC.
momen Oe B.Maolouald, ax. 72, Lancaster-gate, Wz und Busl-cottane,

rie echo iy "G, SU. Georye's-plase, Knightebriddye, SW.
‘Sterndale, Robert A., Esq.
‘Steuast, Colonel T, R (Bombay Army), Exgair, Machyndicth, Wales,
Stevens, George Richard, Yq, Kurvaljeen, Hong Kong.
Stevens, Henry, Enq, rt.a. 4, Trafalyar-equare, WC.
*Hereason, James, Eaq. Broomfeld, Largs, N.B.
Stevenson, Thomas, Haq, ¥-8.4, Leer oath, ducks.
B4eSteward, Major Edward H., Xx. Woroyice, Waitehail, 8.1¥,
Stewart, Major C, E.(Weogal Stall Curys}. Cure of Sir Thos. Dyce, 6.1
14, Radelifo-syuare, 8. W.

Stewart, Gilbert McLeod, Haq. 1, Westminster-chanbers, SW.
‘Stewart, H., Esq, 39, Bruton-atrect, W,
Stewart, Captain Herbert (3rd Dragson Guards). Stag-solleye, Furnboro'-siation,

Stewart, Hav. Dr. James, Lovedaie, Alice, South Afeioa, Care of Kobert
Young, Faq., Oflves of tha Pree Church of Scotland, 2dinburgh,

‘*Rewnrt, Major J. H. M, Shaw (Hoyal Madras Engineers),

‘Stewart, Robert, Haq. Port Kiissbeth, Cape of Good Hope. Cure of the
‘Blandard Bank, 1, Clement's-tane, Lombard-street, E.C.

Stewart, Robert, Key. 49, Hotland-park, W.

VOL, XLVI. 9

§ 58 F S53 SSAGFTERE FF

|

—E

xeviil List of Fellowes of the

= -

1873 Stewart, Admiral Sir Wan. Houston, 0.0% 50, Warwtohepware, 5.11. and
Admiralty, 8.W.

1870 | 2850Stilwell, Henry, Eaq,, MD, Moarcrefl, Hillington, Usbridse,

1875. Stirling, Arthar F. G., Esq, Gaford and Cambridge Club, 8.77,
1850 | Stirling, Capt, Frederick H., ns. United Servite Oluby 8.
1875 | *Stirling, J. Carolus, Esq. 9, South Zaton-ptuce, &. We

1903 ‘Stirling, Sir Walter, Bart, 96, Portman-aquare, We

1960 ‘Stocker, Jon Palmer, Kaq. 9, Onfordsterrace, Mydepark, W.
1845 sere: Lort, United Service Olu S. Wz and Sectelivell

18R8 Ra he 7, Bucklertury, EC.
18tt ‘Stone, Octaviuy C., Esq. Springffeld, Nuneaton,
1867 | *Story, Edwin, Haq., MA. 88, Oidfeld-road, Stohe Newington, 2.
a7 | 2860*Stott, Rev. Samuel Walter, nia. Fors
1808 —-Stovin, Rev. Charles F. 59, Warwiobssquare, &.W.
ana] Stow, Geo, Way Haq, Quemn’s Ton, & Africa,
™M: Ri RE, CAL, BR
ied (mee Oars aepery wrested
1858 Sn ei oo oid Cig, Vet 28,
Grosvonor-square, W.

1864 Btraton, Rev, N, D. Js “The Vicarage, Wiskefel
1873 Straughton, Joseph, Esq. Cockermouth, Cumberland,
1575 Btrceter, Alfred, Raqe 5, Hewwood-road, Rotherhithe, SE.

1877 | -*Strester, Edwin William, Esq. Zhe Mount, Primroreshilloroad, ¥.W. 9 and
Caltia-court, St, Peter's, Kent.

1850] —Strinkland, Rlwand, Eaqs ¢.t., Commmimary-General. Care of Sir Chas, &.
AOGrigor, Bart., and Co., 25, Charlesstreet, St. James’ soquare, 8, W-

1908 | 28;0*Strode, Alf, Rowland Chethamm, Esq, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand,
1875 | Strong, Alfred, Haq. 7, Burléngtonroad, St. Stephenssquare, Baynooter, W.
1853 | Btrouberg, Dr, Bothel Henry,
1874 | Strovsberg, Hy, Kaqu, jum,
1853 | Strutt, George Hay Bags ¥atad, Briiigerhilt, Belper,
1876 Stusrt, Alexander, fieq, 8, Powti-square, Kensington, W',
1873) Stuart, Lieut-Gen, Charles, 5,
1860 Pensa oe J. ¥. D. Crichton, 25, Wilton-orescent,
1875 ‘*Stuart, James Melis, Eaq. Onhenshaw, Upper Norwood.
1866, Stuart, Major Robert, Janina, Albania,
1876 | aBbo*Stuart, Colonel 5, William, 36, Hillatreet, W.
tars Wentworth, Eaq. The Rockis

Sturgeon, a bag, singhan Cloy-works, Weat Wellew,

nw.

1876| Sturman, Rev, M, CT. 54, Tulfourdarvad, Camberwell, 8.3%,
rata Sturt, Henry, Eqs jun. 119, Molland-roud, Kensington, 1,
1872 | ——Stywn, Arthor, Faq, S.A, 28, Nonfolborencent, Hyde-park, Wr

=

Royal Geographical Society. xeix

Sudeley, Lord, 79, Eocleston-square, 8. W.
Sulivan, Rear-Admiral Sir Bartholomew J,, R.¥., K.c.8, Bournemouth.
Sullivan, Sir Kdwd., Bart, 13, Grovoenor-piace, 8.W.
Sollivan, Captain T. W., R.X., CB,
*Summerhayes, William, Esq., M.D. Crown-point, Ealing, W.
‘28goSurridge, Rev, Henry Arthur Dillon, m.a. 21, Berners-street, W.
Surtees, Colonel Charles Freville. Chakott-house, Long Ditton, Surrey.
Sutherland, Geo., Esq. Arboretum-square, Derby.
‘*Satherland, George Granville William, Duke of, 1.6., 7.2.8, Staford-howe,
‘Bt. James'e-palace, 8.7.
Sutherland, Robert, sq, Egham-rise, Surrey,
Satherland, Thomas, Esq. 60, Bedford-gardens, Campden-hill, Kensington, W.
Sutton, John Manners, Esq. Kilham-hall, Newark, Notts,
Saruki, Kinzo (Sec. of Japanese Leg.). 9, Kensington-park-gardens, W.
2900Swain, Edward, Eq. Three Countics Asylum, Stotfold, Baldock.
‘Swaine, Capt, Leopold Victor. 14, Queen’agate, 8. TY.
Swann, Rev, P. F.,x.4. Braudsby, Easingwold, Yorkshire,
‘Swanzy, Andrew, Esq. Sevenoaks, Kent.
Swart, Hon. N. J. R. Pretoria, 8. Africa; care of J.J. Pratt, Esq., %,
Coleman-street, E.
‘Swinburne, Commr, John, Bart. RX. Capheaton, Newcastle-on- Tyne.
Syme, Henry, Esq. 60, Palace-gardens-terrace, Campden-hill, W.
Symonds, F., Eaq., M.D. Beaumont-street, Oxford.
Symons, Rev, J. E., ¥.R.4.8, 40, Haxlewood-crescent, Upper Westhourne-
park, W. 3
‘*Synge, Colonel Millington H., ne. United Service Club, Pall-mall, 8, W.
Salamper, Jas. Weeks, Esq., C.., 7.0.8. Aberystuoyth,

‘Tagart, Courtenay, Eeq. Reform Clws, Pall-mall, 8.W.
agroTagart, Francis, Esq. 199, Queen's-gate, S.W.; and Old Sneed-park, near

Bristol.

Taintor, Edward C., Bog. PH. D. (Imperial Chinese Customs). China. Care of
J. D. Campbell, Esq., 8, Storey's-gate, 8.W.

‘Tait, Robert, Eaq. 14, Queen Annestrect, W.

Talbot de Malahide, James Talbot, Lord, ¥.n.s. 15, Chesterfield-street, May-
‘fair, W.; Athenaeum Club ; and Malahide Castle, Co. Dublin.

Taubman, George Goldie, Esq. Naval and Military Club, Piccadily, W.

Taylor, Commander A. Dundas, 1.x, (Director of Marine Surveys), Calcutta,
Care of Messrs. H. 8. King and Co,, 65, Cornhill, E.C.

Taylor, Charles, Esq. Church-howse-school, Ealing, W.

Taylor, C. A., Eaq. Boughton-place, Maidstone.
é g2

List of Felloans of the

|
‘Taylor, Pras. Clement, Kay. Suownerionce, Lust Harpies, near Beivtol
Taylor, George N., Esq. 3, Clarendon-ploce, Myde-park-gardens, W.

sate Tee Be Reform Club, 8.5 ond 33, Phitimore-gor

Taylor, J, Banks, Raq. 25, Awetin-Friars, B.C,
‘Taylor, Her. Jax, Hudson, 8, Pyrlandroad, Newingtansyrom, N,.
‘Taylor, Jobny Enq, The Hiosks, Bath; and Booth-hall, Blackley, Lawcadh
‘Taylor, John, Raq. 110, Fenchurchostreet, E.0.
“Tylor, John Fenton, Faq. 20) New-atrect, Spring-gardens, 8. We
‘Taylor, John George, aq, HEM. Consul in Kurdistan, Diarbekir.
Taylor, Joha Stopford, Ea, xm, 2, DilPanbterrvee, “Anjfeld

Taylor, Lieut..Geo, KC, Hy C8, 16, Eaton-place, S,W,; and Carlton |
a

‘Taylor, William Richard, Esq., Deputy-Commissary..
aggoTaede, Chas,, Raq, 12, Graneile-park Blackheath, 8.8.
‘Telfer, Commnr. Bachan, 2.8. 14, Sumnersplace, Onsiowmspuare, SW.
‘Temple, Lieut, Goo, ma. The Nash, near Worcester.
‘Tomple, Str Richard, K.0.8-t6
‘Temple-Weot, Col, T.
‘Templeton, Jobn, Ray. 24, Rudgeoron, F.C.
‘Tennant, Profesor James, 149, Strand, WiC.
‘Teresi, Munmnori. 9, Kenrington-purkgardens, W.
Tersuro, Maximo, Haq, 88, Belniee-park-gardens, N.We
‘Thatcher, Colonsl.
2g4cThomma, Chis, Evan, Key. (98, Quoen’s-gate, 3, We
‘Thoma, G., Esq.
‘Thomas, Jaraea Lewis, Esq. Warmafce, Horse-Gwarda. 20, Olouceatera
Waretshemars, 97 1 ond cho: i Nc trata
SW.
‘Thomas, John Henwood, oq. East Indin Depty Oustomrhonse, B.C.
‘Thomas, J. R., Kaq., Staif Amist, Surg. Castlehill, Fihguard, Pembroke
‘Thomas, B. Gerard de V,, Exj ata. ZyhorneBowse, Maidhtone,
‘Thomas, Wesley Hy., Ky. Care of W. Sasape, Kivg., Woodford-lodie, Wook
‘Thoupron, Major El. (Bengal Stall Corps). Care of Mears, Grindlay am
59, Parliament-street, 5. Ws
‘*Thompaap, Hoary Vator, Koq. The Windham Ch, 8,We
Thompson, Thomas, Req Durban, Natal, South Africa.
29g0Thomuon, James, ing. Dunstable-house, Richmond,
‘Thomson, Janes Ounoan, Haq. Portuguese Consul, St. Seter'eoha
Cornhill, £0.
Towson Juha, Bxq, 12, Elgiv-gardens, Bifrarond, Bristow, 8.
‘Thomson, J. Turnboll, Eaq., Chief Surveyor. Wellington, New Zealand.

of A. ©. Thomson, X0q., Post Offioe Savings Dank, iC.

Peeler 28a, Addivon-road, Kensington W.

‘Travers, Lenten. James, WiC, Caney Swen: iXag ind Oo, 3, Cons |

BL.

key Rev, Francis Wy Mody DC.liy PH.D, Belvixe-park, Jampatead,

‘yooo*Trench; Major the Mon, Le Port, ma Hydepuriegardens, Was and
Ordnunce Survey-office, Pinion, 3, We

Trestrail, Rov. Frodarick. St, Sohn'sroad, Newport, Lile of Wight.
‘Trewenfeld, Richard von Foy Lag, 12, Queem Anne’eyste, Weulinimter, 5. Wy

Trinder, Hy. Win Tay.
‘Tritton, Joseph Herbert, Haq, 54, Lombard-street, B.C.
‘Trivett, Captain Joba Frodk., mav.n The Homertead, Sackney-common, ¥.E,
Trollope, Anthouy, Esq, 99, Sonlaguessquare, WiC.

joroTrotter, Coutts, Keg. Athenanwm Clu, Pall-mall, 8, W,

sis Copt. Henry, Rx, Cure of Mere. fichardson ark Co. 23, Cormhith,
ne

‘Teottar, Captain J, Moubray, Naval and Miditery Cd Pocaditly, We

Trotter, William, Ey. 11, Hertfordastrcet, Mayfair, W.

‘Truth Je Way Keqy Cm, British Columbia, Care of Bonk of British
Columbia, b, East Indianavenuc, Leadentallestresty B.C.

Siler ate 4%, Eatomploos, 3. W.; ond Army and Kary
Tuckett, Francs For, Esq. Frenchay, near Bristol,
‘Tuckett, Philip D., Eoq. Southoood-laren, Highgate, NV.
‘Tudor, Edward Owen, Eay., 754. 1, Portugabstreet, Grossmorsquare, W,
Tulor, Henry, Eq. 12, Portlundeplace, We

ee ein a 6 Rale-apen fr end alee ay

‘Turnbull, George, Bsy.,c.t., ¥.t.As. Rosehill, Abtots Langley, Herts,
Turvbvil, Walter, Kay. The Avenue, Gipaydilt, Upper Norwood.

‘Turner, Hon. George.

‘Turner, Liout-Genersl Henry Blois (Rom, Rng.) 131, MTarkeyratreet, Whe
‘Turner, H. G., Esq, (Madras Ctvil Service). 14, St. James‘exquare, 8, We

7 en

“‘Twite, Charles, Eaq, Cisllehouse, St, Apnea, csrir, Corneal.
‘Captain A. W., Bist Hussars, Governor, County Prion, Bury

Sefer.
Fikht 9B, Bussellsquare, WC.

++ Cl,
%,

*Vander Byl, P.G., Bay. 126, Harley-street, W.
ae OF Geylon, Mesars, Price and Bousteut, Cravenstreet, Strand,
wy

Wanrenen, Lieat-Col, Adrian Deoeye (tingal Staif Corps). 24, Lansdonc-rowd,

VansAguew. Roberts Eagan ar. Carlton Civ, &Wej and Barnbarrook,
‘Wigtomshire, 2. B.

g05o*Varghan, James, Kq., 7.0.08, Muilth, Fireconshire,
*Varssour, Sir Henry M., Bart. § Upper Grorvenor-sireet, W.

HSS) Vavasoruz, Jamies, Kay. Bnocbholt, nour Sevenoaks, Kent,

WE) Vereker, Lieut-Col, the Hon. Charles Smyth, Junior United Service Club, We

*Vereker, The Hon. H. Psy tts0, HM, Consal at Charante, 1, Portman

square, We

Verney, Commr, Edmond H., tx. Renta, Bangor, Norte Wale
‘Verney, Sir Harry C., Bart. RAS. ‘Thavellerd? Oh ind
Claydon-howre, Bucks. 4

Verulam, Right Hon. James Walter, East fs | Gorhantary, sear St.

‘Vine, StallGomm, Wen. W., R.3. Care af Astra Hllett ant 0. Bt. Ms
place, We
Ss re ee a PAA, Onis See
Pht

‘Vivian, Major Quintus, 1%, Cheshanvatrat, Belgravespuare 8:17

Vivian, Capt, Ralph, 26, Grasenorsatreet, W. |
‘Vyee, Griffin Williain, Req. 21, Stevieycrencnt, Keastagtow part, W,
‘*Vyvyna, Sir Richan! Rawlinson, Bart, #28. Trelowarren. Cormeall,

3070Wade, R, By, King. 13, Seymour-street, Poriman-square, We
‘Wade, Sir Thos, F., X,0.0., H-B.M. Minister Plenipotentiary, Envoy
ordinary, and Superintendent of Trade, Peking, China, Care of
‘Wade, Eaq., 13, Seymowr-etreet, Portman-equare, W,

*Wadham, Edward, Reqs 4.0, Milevod Dalion, Lancashire

"Wagner, Hoary, Kaquy M.A. 13, Half-Moon-street, Piccadilly, W,

*Woagotall, William Racster, Barony 2.0 y- 3 As
Wainwright, Chas Jax. Kay. Merion-howre, 162, Aigibury-nee-part

B51, High Holborn, W.c.
Waite, Charles, aq, 14.0.

"Waite, Rev. Joho, |
Wakley, Thos. Finsbury Septimus, Wosq., Cure, Chllegeatervnen, Guernsey
ie Kdmvund, Eoqy a1.A. Principal of Grosvenor College. 366, 4

ie Rey, Burlington Bt, 10, Seuthbreok-roart Durntcobtens, Zt §

“Walford, Lionel N., Kaq. 66, Lowndesnquare, 8. We
Walker, Hon, Geo, Anthony, British Columbia, |

‘Walker, Alon, Raq. Auckland Cub, New Zeuland.

Walker, Capt. Arthur Campboll (Royal Bolly Guard). Army asd on,
Poli-noll.

Walker, MajorsGeneral €. P. Beauchamp, c., 97, Onakesenpware,
‘ond United Service Chub, 5. W.

"|

Rogal Geographical Society.

7 Edward Henry, Req, H.M. Consul nt Cagliari, Care of Mevars,
Drwounond, Charing orcas,
*' Walker, Frederick John, Esq. The Priory, Batheiok, Bath.
Walker, t ini lerdal Care of Meares, Arivdioy
BLO oi Pomeetoree 87. ge 4
ee eee
fours, ud On, 85,
Cornhill, £,0.
‘soqoWalher, John, Het 351, Brietom-road, 5, 17,
“‘*Walker, Sohn, Enq.
| + Walker, Captain John (1,M.'s 86th Foot). Broomtiil, Colehester.
“Walker, Capt. J.B, Euat Bank, Oxton, Birkenhead ; and Old Caistor, necr
_ Bonny, Weat Africa,

‘Walker, RB, No, Hay, Care of 3r, Blinett, 38, South Castlestrect, Liverpoot.

Wallich, George (.,Raq.,3p, 162, Hollandaroad, Kensington, W.

| 121) Wallets, Chan Hlary, Lane Woodehfe, Cees

Walls, Willie, Faq. 2, Fetharm-terrace, @layore.

“Walpole, Lieat. Robert Horace tx, Zalnthorpe, wear Norwich ; ond 4, Dean
strert, Park-line, W.

“Walpole, Bt, Hoo, Spencer, 26, r.n.8. 109, Batoneequare, 8.

‘Walroad, Sie J. Wa, Bark, 17, Cavendishesyuare, We

5 “Walter, Henry Fraser, Key. Papplewioh-hat!, moar Nottingham,
pric Wealthann, Kars, Bug. Watconate-house, Stockellegreen, 8.W.

‘Waltoo, J, Way Haq, 41, Great Marlboroush-ateect, W.

Mar) *Wand, George, Esq.
i Ward, Inn Lage Lenascole, Beifut, Care of Ju As Rost, Bety 1,
Siledruryrtreet, Strand, we.

mas) “Ward, Willa Keb, Fa Gipeihorne-onsdewn, Chrischarch
“oa oedeeglngon Wyterlye, Burgens-hill, Sussest.
| Wandlaw, John, faq, 44, Prince's gardens, Hyde-park, 8.W,

List of Follows of the

‘Wray 3.1L, Bae urea Leta yen Gri Cie

Warrand, Colonel W, Ey tu. Alderslot,

Ware, Arthur B., Hig, 109, Onslounapuane, 5. We

Warne, Rev, Edmond, aa, Bion Colleges

Warre, Linut General B. J., cn. 85, Codogamplace, SW.

‘Warren, Capt, Charles, nx, Afid/urat.

Warren, Charlot, Ksq. 17, Hamoverastreet, Peckham, SJR,
jigoWarren, Major Richant Pella. — Worting-howe,,

‘Waterfield, O. C., Haq. Temple-growe, Kant Shoew.

Waterhouse, George Mareen, Key. Core of Menerte Morriven amd Con 4, Fen

‘*Watarhonm, Capt, Jus, Bombay A Crs jan eee ome
Talia}, SeroeyorsGeneraPoafice, Calcutta, Gare of Mesers, Tritheee ond
Con, 59, Ludgateriily B.Ce

ata 3: He Ere Ey Care of Movers, cbinsen and Waters, 34, Bishop
gato-vtrect, B

Sey Shale Cuesta
Watherstone, Rov, Jnc. Dundas, he Lecturer’s House, Monmouth.
‘Watney, John, Kay. 34, Clement’s-lane, Lomburdestreat, B.C.
‘Watson, Lieat, Chas, Moore, ns, 25, Fitewildiameplace, Dublin.
‘Watson, James, aq. 24, Endsieighastreet, W.C.

514oWatson, Jamea, Kaq. Langloy-houre, Langley, Bucks,
Watson, Sir James, 9, Weodside-terrave, Glasgorn,
Watson, Jno, Gibwow, Ex, 20, Clanrioardegardens, Hyde-geurk, W,
‘Wataon, John Harrison, Bag. 23, Queensborough-tereace, Kewrington-gardens, W
Wado, Liewt, Jouph, 1.x.n, 22, Bancroftrrond, Mile-endoroad, 5,
Watson, Kobert, Haq, Fuloott-owss, North-hil, Highgate, N,
‘Watson, Robert Spence, Esq. Moss Croft, Gatesheadam- Tyne,
Watson, Thos, Eeq., Portugues ViewCousul, Cape Town, Gare of J. BR.

Thane and Con, St. Peter'e-chambere, B,C,

‘Wation, Wm. Bryce, Baq. 5, Limestrest-square, B.C, ; amd 20, Dabenstrent,
St, Jamer's, 8.W.

Wataoa, Win, Livingstone, Ea. 94, Leadowhallestreet, 2.0. ; umd Oriental Club,
31s0Watt, Robart, Kaq., Cur. Avhleyecmenne, Helfast.

Watts Rev. Arthur, Zruining Colleye, Durham.

Watts, 1, Cecil, Eng. Lindfeld-house, Lindfield, Surrey.

Watts, John, Esq, orton-cowt, near Gloucester.

Waugh, Fras, Gledstencs, Esq. xa, Ouford and Cumbridye Club, Pall-mall,
aw

‘Waveney, Lord, wits, &c. 7, Audleyaquare, W. ; and Prton-hall, Harleston.
Wayte, Rey, Wing ata. 2, Combriilye-torrace, Regent pack, XN, We

Webb, Edward 18, Eaq., C8, 6, Viatorsnastreet, Wertminster, 8, W.

Webb, Geo, I, Leg. Junior Athenaeum Clu), Pooadilly, We

|

Nn th Soe acai Norten-borracls, Worcester; asd Army
aud Wary Chub, 8.
seater waren, 44, Lower Belyrave-strest, 8.W-

327oWegudlio, Thomas Matthiaa, Raq, xr. Cure of the Peninovlar amd Orientat
Steam Navigation Ca, Leadenbati-street, EC.
‘Weise, Jno., Eaq. 105, St. Georye'»road, Pimlico, 8. W.
Weles, Forean, Big. 33, Cheslenterrast, Reyent's-parb,
‘Wets, Hubert Foveaur, Esq. 33, Chester-terrace, Keyent
Weller, Edward, Bq. 34, Rechiion-oquare, WiC,
Wellings, Henry, Kay. 44, Thistleagroee, South Kennington, SW.
Piles eal Arthur Richar, Duke of, Major-General, £.0., D.Cat. Apsley
and Strathfletisaye,

Pees Raq. Nottingham,

Wells, J, C., Raq. Suuthdorowpi, Bickley. Kent,

‘Welle, Sir Mordauxt, late Chief Puinae Judge, Bengal, 104, Belyroce-road, &.W.
‘JrBoWells, Willi, Raq, 22, Briton-ctreet, wand Redleaf, Penshurst, Kent,
Weleass, Charles, ¥aq. Norton-manor, Taunton,

‘West, Eapmond, Ei, (Bomb, Civ, Service),

Wait, William Nowell, Eoq, 80, Montayw-street, Russellsquare, W.C.
fetandarp, Charles H., Faq. 19, Stanley-crescent, Keasington, W.

featern, We Ty, Enq. 11, Montague-rillas, Richmond.

Writgarth, Wm. Ray, 10, Bollon-yardes, South Kensington, 8, W.

*Weatlake, Joha, Keg, 15, Oxford-square, W,

‘Westmacott, Arthur, kag. Athenmum Club, S.W.

Wentinacott, B, Vesey, Eaq.

Fnal j1goWeeton, Alex. Anderton, Kiq., M.A. 74, Qveen'sgate, S.W.
Weatweel, John, Enq. 24, Colemunnetreet, J.C,

‘*Woyiamt, Jobn, Kaqn¥.08. WoodriainpsAalt, Norfolk,

leg Whalley, Daniel, Keg. 02, Preadneodle-street, B.C.

Wis) Wharneliffo, Hight Hoa, The Kari of. 13, Curcomstreet, W.

Wet] Wharton, Rev. J.C. Junie Athencewn Club, Pivoodilly, We

WM) Wharton, obeet, eq. Hurley, Great Marlow, Books,

M76) *Wharon,Comar, Wan. Jax Loyd, ux. HAS. + Fara!

ae gSe55% Foyses po gens SE

gE

z Se
; rit, P. Falconer, Buy. The Grove, Highgate, N. ’
7 Widade, Gon Tost, ne ‘Ss Cumeal-to, Yokgale, JW.
and Hanover-equare Chub, We ~ —_—
Wilder, Prederick, Bag, Purleyuall, Heading, :
pee in 4, Paper-buildings, Inner Temple, EC.
: nso, Major A, Eavtfeld, na Sats Creme tei

~~

Royal Geographical Society. ix

Witkinwon, Dr. G. 4, St. Sohn sscood-ertian, St, JeAn'meoed, 1

‘Wilkinwam, Capt, J. Feowick, Cary of Gea Tesoe, Eey., lcherter, Somerset.

‘Wilkinson, J. J., faq. 3, Victorianstrect, Westuinuter, 5, W

Witkinwen, Josey, Hag. York,

Wilkinson, Col. Josiab. Jhiyhyate, ¥.

*7Fitiaws, Joho Anteroon, Em. 6, Vincent-eyvare, Wextmisiter, 3.1.

Witluos, Willian Heairy, Raq. 23, Holduni-park, W.
puemminey Te Woy Eaquy GS. 8, Slone-buildings, Linooln'edn, W.C.5 ond

Bosenslont, Aveamenrol, St, Fobe'ewood, NV,

‘Willems, Edouard Henri Léonard, tag, 1, Manerstoctstarnace, Biempatoerd, NW.
Williaans, Clement, Eq. Cureof Messrs. if, 8, Hiny arb Ooo, 5, Cormhill, £0.
Williams, Conyngiam 0, faq. Store's Heights, Thornton, Bradford, Yorkshire,
Williams, Proterick G, A. Raq, Chapelstairs, Lincolatetan, W.C,
“*Williams, Sir F, M., Bart, Goownrea, Prac, Arcorthal, Corweull.

‘Williams, Henry Jones, Req. 12, Mereford-yardens, Park-tane, W.; and 82,
Keg William-street, ¥.C.

Williams, Henry Ry Eeq. 18%, Camdon-rond, N.W.

‘Willates, John, Bay. 44, Piccadilly, W,

‘Williams, John, Esq. 27, Pulmersion-road, Northampton.

3250Williamns, John Robert, Ky. union Carlton Chub ; and The Cedars-cottoge,
Mitcham-common, Surrey.

Seog G28 FEEses assaseaell

‘Williams, Ror, Watkin Herbert, Picar of Bodebogddan, wr, St. Asaph, N, Wales,
Williams, Major-General Sir Win. F., Bart, G.cathy 0,Ct. Army ond ary
Cin, 8. We
‘Williams, W. Rhys, Baq., sp. Boyal BetMehem Hospital, 88.
‘Willis, Chas. £., Haq. 14, Johnastreet, Mayfair, W.
Willig Major-General G. 1.8, cn. Cnileit Sereice Cut, Puflmatl, 8. W.
Willooghby, Henry W., Eaq. 32, Afontagusquare, W.
3260Wills, Peter Turner, 2, Littie Locertune, Woodsstreet, B.C.
‘Wills, Willinm Henry, Kaq., 4.7. Mawthornden, Clifton Down, Keéstot,
Wiktnot, Ales. aq, s.r. Port Bisabsth, Alyoo Bay, 8. As Care of kt. WRite
Bop Mitdmay-chambers, 82, Bishopagate-strest-cithin, EC,
‘Wilson, Aleanader, Esq, Gutewick-housr, Bechewham,
*Wiluon, Capt, Chas, P. Marine Department, Board of Trade, St, Katharine's
Dowhiuse, Towsr-hil,

‘Wilson, Major Charles Willian, 0.0. 2.8, Ordnance Swrvey=ofice, Phuniz-park,
Dri,

ag 55 ed EEL £

Wiloo, Ried, D. Jn, Raq, Mitr hc, 90, Wiltshirerroad, Brixton, 5.17,

Hilson, Dr, Sohn Sanith, Care of W; Cowar, Ken. 46, Skenesterrace, Aberdeen
Wilson, Colonel 5. 14, S¢. Jamer's-syusre, 8. W.

‘Wihon, Robert B. W., Keq. 3, Beaufort-gardens, 3, W.

#5

1662 3#79"Wilagy Robert Dobie, Eqs 1b, @reewratreat, Groseenor-agusre, We

1809
104
1874

1866

Wikon, Samael King, Kay. it, Portiond-terrace, Regent'epart, JV. W.
*Wileon, Admiral Thorman 4, Royal Fork-cvescewt, Chiftom, Bristed.
‘Wilson, William Thomas, ey. Deutz, wear Cologne,
‘Wikon, Rer, T. Given, 2.4. Care of W, Cowar, Bozn 40, Stenerterrace, Aberdeen
Rian Rev, Thomas, Mt, P.O&y Pit 23, Granvillegark, Lewicham,

Winch, W. Richart, sq. North Mymowpark, Fatfeld

‘Winchester, C A., eq, Oriental Clos, 1.

‘Winchester, The Most Hon, the Marquis of, x, ABang, Wop and Amport St.
Merry Andower.

‘Windinm, Jnanes, Eq. 80, King Williamestreet, B.C,

3nHoWingute, TF, Ey, 18, Albionsstreet, Hyde-parkequare, We
‘Winser, Thomas Beorman, Ey. Shooter’ mhilloroad, Blackheath, SE,

Winslow, Eugene Meary, Kixq. Warofioe, Boll-mall, 8.1.

‘Wiseman, Captain Sir Win, ee Gare of Messrs. Cxse and Locos nck,
1, Jamewstront, Adelphi, W.

‘Wodehouse, H. B., Eaq. ae Worcester,

‘Wolehoose, 5. H., Esq. (11. Commissioner and Consol-General far the
Sandwich Islands).

Wodehouse, Wis Esodlency Sir Phillp, x.c.0. Governor of Bombay.

Wolff, Sir Henry Drummond, £,c.a10,, ar. 8, Albert-terrace, &.We ¢ and
Athenaaven Chat, W,

Wonnacott, Jno,, Raq. 7.0.8, &e, Wadham-house, Lisbeard,

Wood, Captain Alexander (Bombay Btalf Corps), Afeuth-odge, Abtey-sovent,
Kent: und 1A, St. Jomes'esquare, 8.1.

4igoWend, Chan Milan Haq: Meathlotye, ABteycted, Kent) end Jedi
Athenaum Club, 8,

‘Worl, Gilbert, Hoa. jen Warren-road, Beshey-heath, Kent.

Wood, Henry, Enq. 10, Cleveland-oyware, Hyile-park, W,

‘Wood, Major Herbert, tatty Fellow mpevial Russian Geographial Socierp, Core
responding Member Société de Geographic, Geneva, Cure af Merirs. Grindlay
and Co., 55, Partiament-xtreet, S. W-

‘Wood, Jno, Dig Enq. $2, Leadbroke-grove, Notting-hitl, W.

‘*Wood, Richard Henry, nq, 7.8.4. Penrhos-housr, Rugby y and Consereatice
Chub SW
Wool, Walter, Esq. 3, Clarence-rond, Finsburyepark, 2.
*Weodld, Robert allard, Enq. Woodlands, Hampstend.

Woodhend, Major Hl J. Plumridge, 44, Charing-orons, 8. Wi:

Weolifield, Mnthew, Ragu .t.c.te General Colonial Manager, Cape Copper
Mining Co., Namaqualand, Ope of Good Hope, 4%, Ladbroke-grove-road,
Nattingille We

3360" Woodruff John W. Allen, Raq. 90, Cormwail-gardens, Queen's-gate, 8,1:

Woods, Henry, Key, Warnford-park, Bishop's Waltham,

Woods, Samuel, By, AMiokleham, near Dorking, Surrey.

‘Weeds, Rev. W. J., Ra, Eaamington,
Weolcott, Georgy, Raj. 78, Palacegardens-terrace, Kensington, W.
‘*Worms, Baron George de, 17, Parkerescent, Portland-place, W.
Weathington, Rev, Jaze 6.0. 21, Jobntrect, Bedfor-roe, W.C.
Worthington, J. Hall, Enq, Alton-Aili, Oxton, neor Birkenteacl.

Wotton, William G., Kaq., 9.0, 15, Clement'sinn, W.C.
4410 rmgge, Clement Ing Boy, Cure of Messrs. Tucker and Lake, 4, Sere-etreet,
Tinca'edan, WC.
“Winy, Geo, Eaqy, 7.2.8, 98, Chestor-terrace, Regent'e-park, NW.
Raq, 54, Ouiford-sirect, Russelt-square, WC,

‘Wynne, John Lloyd, kag. 7, Katon-place,
“Wyo, Alleet B., Eq. wa rcascoteaicter
‘Wron, Allan, fq. 2, Langham-chambers, Foriland-place, W.

i Yardley, Ste William, Kat. Madiow-parh, Tunbridge, Kent,
2520Y ates, I, Geo, Esq. dTiglusood, Hampateadelans, Highgate,
Yeats, Johny Eaqu iad. 7, Bewufortssyuare, Chopstow, Monmouth.
‘York, Moss Mev, William Thomson, Archbishop of, Pts. Dishopsthorpe, Fork.
‘Vorks, Liont,-General Sir Charlee, 0.0.0, 19, Southeet, Crommor-ezuare, W.
- Yeuks, Henry Francis Redhend, oq. 103, Eaton-eyuare, 8.1
"Youle, Proderick, Eoq. 4, Montayu-atrest, Rurselt-xpuare, W.C,
*Young, Sir Allen, Kot, 1, St, James watrest, &.W,
*Voung, Charles Baring, Esq, 12, Hyde-park-terrace, W,
*Young, Charles Rdward Baring, Raq, 12, Myde-pard-terrace, W.
‘*Young, James, Enq.
Ws) s330Voung, James, Eaq. Kelly, Wemyss Bay, by Greenook.
WH) "Young, Jom, Enq, PRA. Stibbinzton-houre, Wonaford,
a LEE le Henry, 0.n. (Bengal Engineers), 3, Peneywern-road, Eurl's-

v exit Dial
LIST OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, &e,

> WOH coriES OF THE JOURSAL’ AND “MooREDNSO8” At PRESENTED
Cent i mt in un

Corawra:. Onricx
‘Deaui, Rovat Tema Acape
PEN Nhuvrer Coustos Linnant

Bose Grovocroat Socverr

Sienna Hora Societe or
Sema Tue Lameany or Avvor| Korie

Soctert
Grocoar, Moreum o7 Paacricat
Guascow, Navunat Hisrony Boctere or | Sour
—— 7 Pivorormeat Sooty (Cor
wonArion GAnLReHt),
Gustonatt, Linkawy (W, H. Overall,
\

Hee Masry cite Query, Lintany o¥
Hoknicucronat. Soortry (Ioyal)
Henson's Bay Comvanr’s Lisnany
If ain Lrrenaky Asp Li} ; 10,

1oroKia Leaner,
festa Orr

fot, LANNAMy OF TR c
Lascasurey “ax Cxzanas, Hveronso | WAN "Davartumvy, Torconarmeat
a
Linneas Socvere Zoowoaiean Soorwey
Lirenatont, RovAL SOcteT® oF

EUROPE.
Aust Dutsh Geographical Soe. | 1 Geographisch Gesol
Seernveae Bayal Ated. ef Botenses | Bansenta’ << Royel Aaad. of Oelmisel
Sexigig “de, Géegraphie Sochité Belge de

ie
niverstly {ibeary Buonanser_. Sosletsten G
Academy of Belences Cuximriania University Libary

et er de Géo- | Cormuaaan Hsdrogreptie 0 io9

6 al r ae:
pha Sed cy ere
goer ——-—— Royal of Sciences
ae | ee
en Antiquirig

=

wy

Tnstitutions presented with * Journal’ and * Proceedings! x
EUROPE—continued.

Soles Asiatique
Societe d'kthnographie

[mom ey io dos Setchews, |
TL1 mucieté u'Encourage-
t ‘Ladue

Arta ¢ Bellew-Letires | ——

Ministry of Fubiio Io.

Revoval Litrary of
Sy. Periesivina Imperial ‘Acaleny of
leno
7 Igperial Geographical

+

Srocenou ., Bureande la Recherche
Gevlogique de Ia Suede
s=. ‘Acad. of Sciences |—————— _ , Nautiak Matoorologiska

of

Library
Diteh Meteors
logical Inedtute
Armenian Convent Lib,

1 Acadomy of

ees

» aperial Geographical
Eoity

. Imperial Geological In
stitute

+ Meteorological Sootety:

7 Society of Antiquaries
+ Society of Naturalists

~ General Library and
Moveum

Litorary and Philoseph.
Soolery

dalate Resta

AFRICA.

Carmo. « . . - Beeléié Kiédiviale de Géogenphie
Care Tows |. ‘The Uabiic Library

AMERICA.
Atay... New York State Li-/Buaxin . .

Neston f Aaeoedn Sootety of Arte Canmonsia
and Sciences Crrcaco,
. Masomenuserts state Li- ee
* | Nex

nee + Poblin Litrary ity of
1177 F soeiety of Nat. History | New Haves. . Yale College Library

YOL, XLWAE. h

a at ey fee Medal —for hie extensive explorations én
a rae me Rein late E SN

1846.
Be i

tad in Van Dlemen's tana,
Prof. A. Th. Middendorff—Patton's Medal—for: his extensive
‘explorations and discoveries in Northern and Eastera Siberia,
1847—Capt. Charles Sturt—Founder's Medal—for’his various and
‘Dr. Lud: (aloha eel aie Sie Seer ta
1548.—Sir James arena Deh Seine tela eee
Captain, Charles Wile, sam Puan ‘Medal — for his
Voyage of Dicovary in the er cee ee
‘Rogions, in tho years 1838-412,

Uti Ae date to haiats Eqn co ape

sotitlod “Kashmir und daa
1850,—Col. John Ch. Peete cit. Medal—for bis successful
axplorstions of the Rocky Mountains ‘and California; and for his
numerous Discoveriea and Ast
The Ror. Davip Livinarrox:, of Kolobeng—a Chrosometar Wateh—
for bis encoosfol espa td ‘orSouth Aina.
1851— Dr. Geonox Wa.1y, of Finland—25 Guineas—for hts Travels tu Arabia,
‘Mr, Tuomas Bausavn—25 Guineas—for his explorations in the Middle
Island of New Zealand,
1858—Dr. John Rae—Founder's Medal—for his reser of Boothia and
a the Const of wap and Victoria Lana ma
Maia ee 2

Se a eS Galton—Founder's Modal—for his explorations in

Commander EB. A. lefleld, 1.x.—Patron’s Medal—for his
‘Burvey of the Coasts of Bay, Siti aud Lancaster Sounds,
1854.) ‘Admiral William Hi Smyth—Founder’s Medal—
his valuable Sur ie array th the Aodhan
M'‘Clure, 8.x,—Patrot’s Medal—for his
‘discovery a per Me Me est’ Passage.

1855.—The Rev. David Livingstone, ».p. &o.—Patron's, Medal—
for ee Scientific Explorations in sta Africa,
Mr. Ciranuos J, Axpunmo—a Set of Burvoying’Tastramente—for his
‘Travels in South-Western Africa,

i _

exviii Avward of the Royal Premivms,

R, r. Baker—Patron’s Medil—for his relief of

nee of 40 Tounds—for his Travels in Central

it. Pate, *

‘Mr. Jom W1aox—tho sum of Five Pounde—for mccnrsfal
a sey ne competition
1800.—Professor A. B. Nx —Founder’s Medal—for the
Heng fart bo took in the recent ‘Expeditions ia the North
Mary Somerville—Patron's Medal—to recognition of the
able works published by her, which have largely benefited Geogra-
phical Science.

£0, Bucumonp, Livarpeol Celloge (Gold Medal
eee deepen
/—Wi. GRUxDY, Rowall Sohoel De
ino, Wat, G37, Rossali bronze Medal).

Mr. Jowx Kioxxy—the sum, of Five Pounde—for successful competi=
tion in Geography at the Society of Arts examination,

Garnier (of the French Imperial Navy!

1870,—Lieutenant Fras.
Patron's Medal—for ee phstié ‘of the course of the great

ate Be ery at St (0 as

ie j;—Guo, Wat, ty

Jas. an Liverpool College (Bronze Medal). 33
Geogrephp.—Oed. Gury ‘Boren, ‘Liverpool College (Gold.

Mr, Tomas Rrenand C.Anxn—the sum of Five Pounde—for success:
ul competition in Geography at the Society of Arta examination.

A. Johnston, aoe
‘tinned and successful services tn.

Scnoom! Pau Mrvats:—

ey Hoawen, University ‘School, Nottingham
Raoup, NAYLOR ARKLR, Li Colle
Physical Geopepige Dini Medias, Liverpool taetcte Gold

Wat Grasuox Goutzxawono, Liverpo! College (Benz Mela)

BoucarwoxaL Pax :—
somx Aasuenncero—the vos of Pirs Pouoe— fir bisieafl com
Petition in Geogrmphy nt the Society of Arte examiuatio,

Henry ‘¢.—Founder’s Medal—for ie eminent
ertioe inti osstesd to Goenastey atin pudlcatos af ia
‘wor! Court of Ava,” Cathay, and
Mr, Robert Berkeley Shaw —fsira'yMolst—r bieJoaraeys

in Eastern Turkistan, and for his extonsive series of Astronomical
fi Hepeetc Oaon w which have enabled us to fix the
of Yarkand, and bave given us, for the first time, the basis

of a new delineation of the countriss betwoen Leh and Kashgar.
Laat, 0. 0, Mosrenn, 2-4 Gold Wateh--for Me ndrataro Jourey
tn Patagonia through 960 mils of line, of which 780 were pr
Kam ‘Twenty-Gi Founds In ncknowlalgment f the
al sl ay ‘vith which Be has. devoted. bitell, for a sate of

Jeary, to the Rxplomtion of South-Eastern Africa,
Somoors’ Prim Mxnats:—

—S, EK. Synrva Ricx, Eton College (Gold Medal),

A. 5. BUTLER, ty ea ee
‘Pobiticas G, Coumusawoon, Liverpoot College (Gold

. tte a Eton College (Bronze Medal).
Epocariowan Paozn :—
Mi. Gin. M. Toss —dhe sam of Five eands—for vet coe
Fetition in Geography at the Society of Arte Examination,
(678.—Mr. ayo Eliae—Pounder’s Medal—for his survey of the Yellow
tn 2863; and for his recent journey through Western

M. Stanley—Patrou’s Medal—for bis discovery and relief

Mr.
‘of Dr. Livingstone.
Mr, Tuomas Bansze—a Gold Watch—for hie loug-continved services to

ome sk swcily eB, jens Ta. Pouah- Mera and

CaRLAEN—n Gold Watch—for hin discuveries in the Aretic
and for having clroamnavigated the Spltzbergen ws well a8 the

oes

nel ele ba -y -
aa j—W. C. Horsow, Liverpeol Coll (Geld Medal)
A. Founes, ihe Calas Crean Siete 2

Politwout Geogrophy.—S. Srmane Rice, Etoo College (Gold Medal),
re eicds Gln fied Comte

=

— Fon City of Lond Sahel pra Ete ipl

for is explortions nd
Hee als nex or
es al tie oof Frc Lan in Sis cone

Watch—thr services reodered to eography
La span a tn Gat Trigun Survey nia ay

Souoora? Pao Mepats =~
a, coat eee

et

is75.—Lieut.

(7 En ine
1876.—Liout. NAL Fan Petar to ux. — Founder's Medal — for his
from Zansibar to Benguola, and bis survey of

Mr, John Forrest—Patron's Medal—in recognition of tho services

to jeal Scienoo rendered by his numerous suocesa/uh
Sons in etaraAustlly and capecially fr bis admirably oxeoated

mech Face tho interior from Murchison River to the line of
Overland ie Telograph.,

Pigrtal Gegropipe—lons Wirt, Lier Clleg (id Moa)
aaa cea atl Cal (bs Brae el — =
W. M. Pee Heke, Masia minis Calage (Bron chen 3

Ossomnroge Locan ae Tions Pus Mxpat:—

P. H.Guanvaus, Devon County Sahl (Silver Metal).

oe Looan Can (re Prize MEDALS —
ruts, Liverpod (Silver

1, M, Wan, Bridgnorth a Segnalo ik.

Northern latitude than rie meen soda rey
‘was accompliaed of 200 miles of facing

a Bola Bea tin for hs Gograpialvevioe fa
wake "Challenger Expedition.

i

Award of the Royal Premiums, cxxi

The Pundit Nain Singh—Patron’s Modal—for his great
joumeys and surveys in Tibet and along the Upper Brahmaputra,
during which he determined the postion of Uhise, and added
largely to our positive knowledge of the Map of Asia,

the Maire | Division + eee in the Arctic Expedition of 1875-6,
and for having planted the Union Jack in 89° 20’ 26" m., a higher
latitude than had been reached by any previous Expedition,
Scnoots’ Paue Mepats:—
‘Pagal Geography Waures New, Delish Cela (Osh Mea)
Political Geography Wiha eae Li st College
is —Wittusx Jonx ferns ‘i
(Gold Medal),
Jous pln Liverpool College (Bronze Modal).
= Looat, Exaursarions Paze Mepara:—
B,C Maar B ton Grammar School (Silver Modal for Physical
‘Geography, and Silver Medal for Political Geography).
Oxrorp Looat Exammations Paes Mxpats:—
Joan Eowaap Lorn, Chatham Institata, Liverpool (Silver Medal).
‘Jauzs Epwi Forty, City Middle-Class School Medal).

attained, viz. 83° 20' 26", has been reached.’ "

‘Siz Groner Nanes replied —

“Mr. Presipexr and Gentlemen :—It is wil
that I receive this gift, and I spcoph tal Ceca ud
have performed has obtained ihe approval of so distin
leading a body aa tho Royal. Geographical Society. ‘The b
of such a highly wished-for honour is of itself ono of
rewards I could possibly ever have foreseen for my wo
entails considerable responsibility for the pers for
Thave done my utmost to advance our knowledge of
inhabit, 50, hereafter, it will be my endeavour to bear
very high distinction which has now been conferred upon

~ Colonel H. Yule, o.n., then came forward to receive
on behalf of the Pundit Nain Singh, The Passer
him as follows:— —~+0'

|

Atcard of Medals —Nain Singh. fre

“Qolénel Yuuz,

“Sineo Nain Singh's absence from this country precludes
ay having tho pleasure of handing to him in porson, this, the
‘Victoria or Patron’s Medal, which has been awarded to him for
Uis great journeys and surveys in Tibet and along the Upper
Bnhmapntra, daring which ho dotormined the positions of Lhisa,
an) added Jargely to our positive knowledge of the map.of Asia,
Theg to place it in your charge for transmission to the Pundit,

“J will myself addrom a lottor to tho Viceroy in India calli
lis attention to this award of one of the two Modals of the year,
tho highest honour this Society oan confer on any Geographer,
however distinguished by his services to Geographical Soience or
Discovery, and with a request that His Excellency will take such
ops as he may deem best for its presentation to Nain Singh.

“Bat, in the mean time, I would bog you, who wore the first to
Propore that this Medal should bo so conferred, and took such

genervas and earnest interest in the recognition by the Society of
Nain Singh's high claima to that distinction, to convey to him
from mo, us the President of the Royal Geographical Society, tho
satisfaction the Council have felt im thus publicly marking their
high appreciation of the noble qualities of loyalty, conrage and
endurance, by the display of which in no ordinary degree he
achieved saccess, and was cnablod to add)so largely to our know:
Iedgo of that portion of Asin which no European could explore, 1
would ask you also to.add that. the Council havo not failed to seo
‘that he bas not worked aa a mere topographical automaton; and
were perfectly aware that, notwithstanding he was a native of
Asia nd familiar with Tibetan dialects, his journeys were not

without great peril to life, I would dually wish you
t6 convey to Nain Singh, who in tho performance of theso dis-
tinguished pervices haa suffered seriously in health by the extreme
Hardships attending his journeys, that I trust this public recog-
nition of his merit ax a Goographer from the Royal Geographical
Society, whicli in ity awards knows no distinction of nationality,
ries or creed, will bo a source of satisfaction to him in his rotire-
ment, of which nothing cin ever deprive him, to the end of a life
fio has devoted so faithfully to the public service and the advance-
ment of Geugrajhical knowledge.”

Colonel Yous, in roply, aid :—“ I was taken by surprise when I
was ntked to officiate on this occasion as the recipient of the Medal
for Nain Singh. ‘The man who, beyond all others, ought to have
cooupied the position ix Colonel Montgomerie, and I am suro

ee |

exxyi Award of Gold Watch.—Markham.

that nothing but ill-hoalth could havo cansod that gentleman to
‘be absent on an occasion so interesting to him. Not only had
Colonel Montgomerie given Nain Singh the most essential part of
his training, but he was himself one of the most distinguished
Himalayan and surveyors, and had spent # onsiderable
Portion of his life at an altitude of 18,000 feot above the sea, Tam
utterly unknown to Nain Singh, and T shall therefore, by the
loave of the Society, communicate the intimation of hie having
been aasigned the Medal through Colonel Montgomerie, But
though Ido not know Nain Singh porsonally, work,
and Gal afivin that what tho Procident bia aid about him is
vory just. Ha is not a topographical automaton, or merely on
of a great multitude of native employés with on average fi
cation. His observations have added a larger amount of impor

knowledge to the map of Asia than those of any other living

$64 Ais iocenala farm’ an’ esogeding)y Snteallg SOO OE Si
It will afford me great pleasure to take steps for the transmission
of the Modal through an official channel to the Pundit”

A Geld Watch, with an appropriate Inscription, was also pre-
ponted to Captain A, H. Markham, nx. for having
the Northern Division of wlodges in the Arctic Expedition of
1875-6, and for having planted the Union Jack in 83° 20' 26" #., a
higher latitude than had ever before been reached by any previous
Expedition.

In delivering the Watch, the Presmeyr said :— "

“Captain Marcnam, I haye much pleasure in ti
you, in the name of the Royal Geographical Society, thin Wi |
public recognition of their appreciation of the peters
Merderol ie pompiead of the Northara Divisiene¢ Hlatgaa tae
Arctic Expedition of 1675-6, in the course of which you reached
tho latitude of 83° 20’ 26" w., the highest that had been attained by
any previous Expedition.”

Captain Manian replied :-—

“Mr, President and Gentlemen :—I have to exprose my grateful
thanks for the high honour conferred upan me. ‘Though have |
been selocted as the recipient of the moro substantial part of the |
honour, I know it will be felt and appreciated by my companions,
without whom I should not have been placed in the position I now
oooupy. I cannot help thinking also, that apart from my having
planted the Union Jack in tho highest Northern latitnde yet
roached, I hayo been selected for this honour because I was the

a
Pd

senior officer of the extended aledgis ion of the tion,
Pea aei en aittaytetgrems cs hc part oc te Boral Geogr
Bhical Society of the goographioal eorvices which thoes partica

PUBLIC SCHOOLS’ PRIZE MEDALS*

‘The following was the award of tho Bxaminers for the present
year:—
Pavstat Grooraray. Gold Medal.— Walter New, Dulwich
© Bronze Medal,— Arthur Smyth Flower, Winchester
Honourably Mentioned,—John Chisman, City of London
fegaePotiaomn, Ucerpel College; Frank Stanton Carey,

-laeaal Gold Medal—William Jobn Nowton,

oie em Bronze Medlat—Jobn Wilkiv, Liverpool College.

Mentioned.— Arthur Reed Ropes, City of London School ;

Balen ene Ord, Dulwich College; Samuel Fowler Blackwell,

Clifton Collogo; Georgo Arnold Tomkinson, Hailoybury Colloge ;
College.

Hoary Colthurst Godwin, Clifton
Mr. Fraxcrs Gatros said it gavo him much pleasure, on this as
(on many previous occasions, to be ablo to assure tho Socicty of tho

public appreciation of the Examinations. Nearly all of the moro
schools had at one timo or another sent candidates.

Eton had won no loss than 5 out of the 36 Medals that had
hitherto been adjudged, and 11 other schools iad each contributed
‘one Or more names to the list of Medallists, There were at present
only two it schools which had never sent a candidate,
‘Barrow and Rugby. Many testimonios had been borne to tho
great services rendered to the cause of Rdncation by these prizns,
Tia Gomititinication to tho Conference of Head Masters held Inst
Christmas, the Rev.George Butler, the Principal of Liverpool
he was grateful for the stimulus they affurded to

the masters and boys, for tho books that were suggostod in
the Programmes, and for the appointment of Examiners
who ‘special knowledge of the country whose Beography

* "Tho Medsls offered by th Boskety tr Oo hy ‘through th ©:
‘Cxmamon Locar S > mate race Se far 160, a loa
Mifand Buiderortn Gramenee Beha (both tr eal Gisanionty
‘Cammnmpos (Decembor), Sdeer Medal (Physical Geography ‘Medal (Pole
eal Gongraphy), bah to HO, Templo, Brighton Graanan’ Sebo

i
u
i

P
Mr. McAlister, the Senior Wrong of Cambridge thi
the Gold Medal for Googranby.

for thé enctorageciéat they: thn’ tbe bien Wyck at
‘Mr. F. Galton then introduced Mr, Wauren New of

‘The Press, in presenting the Modal, said he was g
find that the promise given by Mr, New in 1876 had 1
richly and amply fulfilled,

Mr. F. Gatros said, before introducing the next in o
merit who was to receive the Bronze Medal, he wished
the memory and servico formerly rendered to the Society by
Smyth, who died twelve years ago, full of years and scientific’
and to whom was due just one-half of the credit of the
of the Society, which was established by the co
contemporary and independent schemes, of one of which
Smyth was thesole originator. It was he who revived
fortunes of the Society in 1849, when ifs numbers were d
ita expenses exceoding its income, and it was doubtful wi
would not entirely collapse. In that crisis, Admiral
elected President, and, under his sagacious and energetic gi "
now life wus infused into the decaying Society ; its influence mado
itself more widely felt, its numbers rapidly increased, and ite
‘resources were established on a firm footing.
reiterated expression of Sir Roderick Murchison, who
mediate successor in the Chair, it was to Admiral Smyth

ADDRESS

THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting on the 28th May, 1877.

Bry Sm Ruruervonv ALCOCK, 6.6.8, D.C, Paestonnt.

Greriznes,
| Tux period which has elapsed since the lust Anniversary
Mecting of the Royal Geographical Sooiaty has been an unusually
eventiil one in many respects. The roturn of the Arctic Expe-
dition, quickly following that af the Challenger, and of Cameron
| from his marvellous journey across Contral Africa, excited great
| imtorest in reeearchea proseouted in such widely-separated and
Giversified flelds of Geographical discovery. ‘The continued diseus-
ion of the varions conditions of success, and the scientific results
of Arctic exploration, us also the Mecting of tho African Goo-
graphical Conference in Brussels last autumn, at the invitation of
the King of the Belgians, are evidences of active interest which
cannot fail to bear fruit at no distant period, and to promote the
eultivation of Geography as « science in all its branches.
‘It hax been tho endeavour of the Council and myself, during the
Past year, to effect some of the objects glanced at in the last
Adilress of my predecessor, Sir Henry Rawlinson, as
‘Being then under consideration, allude moro particularly to the
“Mekire to extend in a moro strictly scientific direction the range of
the Geographical Society's work and influence. In pursuance of the
Plan sketched out in my opening Address, two out of three Lectures
ifranged for this Session, on Physical Geography in its highor and
‘Wore scientific aspects, have been already doliverod: the first by
General , being an “Introductory Lecture on Scientific
Geography ;"” ad #ho' woocnd by Dr, Carpenter on “Tho Tem-

‘which tho morchanta inside and the squadron
t obtain frosh supplies. ine esis ee
manned tho Bar boat which kopt up ©

squadron, and aca ve $0 tha Aangeti rita) 0

tenticngoa
seri5s sectered hy Captain Belcher pain

period.
_ On tho rwising of tho siege of Oporto, the.
‘Moditorranean, and among other services there’

irgecctoctet ita ievies at cere
obtained, and adding to the work by new
‘the Bar and entrance of the Columbia River |

ports as far south as Capo St, Lucas, tho entranco

At San Blas, which was reached in December

received to return to Hngland by the western 2

ploting the voyago by a circumnavigation of the globe,
Accordingly, on the Ast of January, 1840, the two *

j at all of which observations wore
survoys aa time would admit of.
lle Ae eeeaiap ener
Singapore in

end of 1873, with a dootor as his companion, —
ocoision show any marked epirit of enterprise ; bin
and the domestic affliction from which he had
precluded the desire for much adventure, Ho
enjoyed the Nile; ond Kostern life, as eo often
| conten Ds pm ef re
offered, to return and seo more:
pecans His return to England was delay

on African exploration (against
being unfitted by health and contitation), 10

and thence go by way of Suez to J

considerably r
4th of September, he was unable to walk. Ind
wocks proviously he had been carried on an angareb }
Daring the months of Septombor and October,

came too late, On the 26th of October, though dr
ho was sufficiently improved in strength to be moved:
tum. Ho loft in a dababiah especially provided by
of the Khedive, and reached Berber on the 2nd of Nove
then, eager to reach homo, began the desert
without waiting to recruit his strength; he or:

xix days, and on the 18th of November he arrived
Whether exhausted by the fatigue of the journey, or
‘tho discaso, ot Suakim he had an neoossion of ill

an exhausted condition put on board the SS, Mas
Jeddah for Suez, and within twelve hours, viz. on
November, he died suddenly, at the carly age of
remains were landed at Jeddah, and interred in.
‘with much honour and respect. His aima were 1 h ©
aT

Some nee
‘wrote many interesting papers on thoro et

Geography of Southern Peru, including Survey of the
‘Parapaca and route to Chile by the coast of the Desert.
were read boforo our Socicty in 1851, Ho also

the first “ white” men who crossed tho Desert
ing the country, and searching for the meteoric iron

Returning to England, Mr. Bollartendeavoured to
ments, under the patronage of our Society and of the
to explore tho Kost Coast of Africa from Zanzibar,
‘Nyasea, and to ascertain the probabilities of an
the African Continent. He was, however,
proposals carried out,

In 1832-33 he accompanied the late Sir John
Portugal, and served as a volunteer. During this
the materials for his publication on the * Wars
Portugal ond Spain from 1826-1840, containing a1

Nogri was at tho same time etadying law in the |
A fow yoars aftorwards both wero nominated to Py
the University of Padua,—Nardi of Common Luw, :

geographical papers
and Polar Expeditions, and on the Orniee of the )
tics, howover, had already diverted him from
studies, He was one of the most ind
oe eetiy et teocear ob ONY oc Ales
*Vove dolla Vorita’ newspaper, and a frequen
part of Europe on missions impored upon him or uni
tarily, ‘This procuded him from that eminence in

Obitiary.—Nardi— Enderby — Dundas. litt

have aspired from his genius, his coltare,

and his widespread relations with men

of learning in every part of Europe and elsewhere, For many

years Nardi had beon & member of numerous scientific bodies, and

seemed likely soon to attain tho Cardinalato, a position ho much
coveted, having been nominated “Secretary of the

| (Lelie Mc peel ete aed

Satins to kd of Nanii that no difference in political opinions,
even the most diametrically opposite, ever interfered with his
affection and esteem for those whom be had onoo reckoned among
his old friends.

‘Cusnies Esoxusy, v.1.8—The late Mr. Charles Enderby was the
oe Enderby, whose name was familiar to all geo
thirty yoars ago as the enterprising merchant whose

fn the whole fishery of the Southorn Seas, made

0 maT it Aisooveries in tha Antarctio Ocean. Among
th was that of the Auckland Tslands, south of New
6 by Captain Abram Bristow in 1806, whilst in com-

the vossels belonging: to tho Messrs. Endorby ; and
after, Enderby Land, further to the east. Our late
miceceding to the business with his brothors, main-
“tained the reputation of his house for ite onlightoned care of
“siontific intoroste; and it wax nuder his dirotion that Captain
Bive ‘Graham Land, and other portions of the Antarctic
ope ape to the voyage of Sir Jamos Ross, The Auck-
ih were ceded to Mess. Enderby by Her Majesty's
in dnt as a whaling station, and in 1849 w whaling establish-
formed there under their auspicea, Provious to thia,
doa Enderby published a pamphlet on tho group, under
of ‘The Auckland Telands, their Climate, Soil, and Pro-
‘&% work which comprises nearly all that was known at
‘regarding this region. Mr. Enderby served on our Council
im 1842-4, anil again in 1845 and 1847. He died on the
4 7 last, Ho was one of the original Members of the
Kesety, having enterod in tho yoar 1830.
le >
t Hon. Sir Davin Donvas.—This distinguished lawyer,
| who died on the S1at of March last, at his residence in the Temple,
“always took a deep interest in geographical studies, Ho was for

Adoiiralty Sureeys. vii

- Atoumanty Survevs"—Tho year since the last Presidential
Address bos been marked by the retum to England and the clove

in FLM.'s ships Alor! and Discovery, have given frosh impelae, and
wedered large additions, to several branches of scientific inquiry.
Parthesthe pestedioes kal draped by the leaders and crews

of those Expoditions, in ‘their ehipe under many hazardous
conditions, and with porfect soourity, will form bright pages in the
annals of our naval

Saxevoye,\both at omse and im our: Colonies, are with
wmdiminished ‘force Alas ateady Progress. Additions to the sur
vying shipsof-war cn foreign service have been made by the
appropriation of the steam-corvatte Faun and the eniling-schoonor
a ee emlgment ot the-outeet in the Hed Sea

and on the Zanzibar Coast, tho Alacrity for tho hydrographic
development of the Fiji group and its countless coral reefs,
Notwithstanding these additions to the surveying force of the

Department, it is found difficult to keop pace with
the demande made in the interests of commerce for marino mrvoys,
oth in extension of imperfectly-known coasts, and for greater details
te those already accurately charted.
| Shores of the Waited Kingdom.—Staff-Captain Parsons, in H.M.S,
Poreupine, has been engaged on the shoal-grounds between Yarmouth
Kade and Duvor; thisincluded a ro-examination of the Hewett and
(ekle channels. From the continuons moveinents of the sands in
thew localities, frequent surveys are required in the interests of
thipping, Tho shoals at tho entrance of tho River Thames havo
tho undergone examination in extension of Captain Calver's formor
survey af 1862-8, Shoreham Harbour has also been re-surveyed. -

_ in continustion from the proceding year, the survey of the Solway
Fin, from the sca to tho ond of tho navigation at Bowness railway
‘egy, has | been completed by Staif-Commander J. Hl. Kerr, assisted

-Lieutenant Lungdon. Marked changes in the chan-
fel and shoals over tho whole area bavo taken place since the
Ainimlty Survey of 1837. This officer has also completed a
Srey of St. Todwall Bay, a neighbourhood now rendered more

* By Captain FJ. O. Evans, ox, mms, Hydrographer of the Admiralty,

‘in anata dol
noe a
‘warveye of 1833 and'1866.° ope ATO
Tn Trelond, StaffCommandor Hall, with an

obifting, ' ,
galo'may from time to timo wash away the’
years. Another is given by ©
the time of the Fawn's visit it was the poriod of highest
‘water ixeuing from the Damietta mouth js then at
matter that it forms a species of breakwater to th

it. When hae was a hoy wl of bight of 6
to summit outside the line of Nile water, it

and on the bar, no swell of xiy Kind win visita Li
own ax the Mishta soason ; and advantage is th
trading-verwels close to the bar, in no more water thi

ow
the p

tion botweon Japan and the northern ports of China,
‘Detailed surveys of Murray Sound and the
region were made, and in the latter a good ane
sizod vousolg was found, This haven (named by
after himself) will in timo doubtless prove usoful
mariners. Here, a5 on the mainland,
experience of tho officors of tho Sylvia, the idand
digplayod unconcealod dielike to the presonce of
required both tact and forbearance to avoid open
out the useful service of charting the group.

‘as also the Kuga channel through the central part of the

of the summer season. Coast details in

Admiralty Surveys, —Audtrilia. lst

work has occupied the timo, especially the developmont of Fronch-
of much value to the fishing flect.
The early and later parts of the scascn have been spent in
West coast of Placentia bay, and the examination of
shoals, these proving a source of embarrassment to
pl Ss ain arrangements, from their hitherto uncertain

© Tawaica—Livutonant Pullon, with his small party, in a sailing

im continuation a creditable survey of the

‘south const of the island included between Milk river and Luana

point, with the extensive off-lying bank of soundings, and alao

executed an enlarged plan of the Black River anchorages This

energetio young officer is pushing his survey rapidly to the east
ond of the islox

Commander Archdeacon and his party

are wleadily waking along, the inhospitable shores of this colony,
‘and charting in detail its ragged and broken features.

southward round Cape Leeuwin, and thence to

amy neer Bing George Sonnd, the coast-line has boon
auchorages at Koombanah bay and in Géographe

Yay sounded over; togothor with the positions of the dangerous
qeef northward of Capo Naturulisto, and tho innumerable outlying
angers off the much-dreaded locality of Cupe Levuwin, accurutely

"Tho surveying officors roport that from Capo Naturaliate to Cape

Jeenwin thorn are only a fow scattared settlers; between tho last-

West Cape Howe the country near the coust is

d, being almost a continuons forest, rendering the

of the survey not only most laborious, but entailing

[privationsof an uoxsual character, Staff-Commander

his party desorve much credit for the energy and

-mduranco: with which they hare overcome so many physical
i geeiesyen na atthe samo time accurate surveys.

i f-Commander Howard, with two naval assist

Pee adicoti, Baakice, as now completed in con-

u 6 coast from Cape Catastrophe to the northern shores

Tay, with the off-lying soundings.

proken eca-board of this imporiant colony has theroforo

ception of about 450 miles in tho neighbourhood of the

n Bight), now been charted in detail by Admiralty

i

Monte Video towards the ond of Fobruary, to
‘ocoanto obestvations across to Tristan aa Cuinbiay®
In order to preserve « continuous recard of

ice Sucead at Oo payor ae ho ;

of her officers and crew in June of last year.
‘Botweon Monte Video and ‘Tristan da Cunha
‘with gorial temperatures were obtained ;

vations in the track of October 1878, fifteon detern

‘interesting region. In the wostern half of thiy

_

Admiralty Surveyx—' Challenger’ Expedition. elsiti

‘tho 87th parol of south latitude—tho groatest depth wax 2900
fathors, and bottom temperature obtained (31° to 315 Fubr.)
colder than had been found in any part of the several oceans, except
Gm the immediate neighbourhood of the Antarctic regions. The
stratum of water below the temperature of 52°, further had an
@verage height from the bottom of 2400 feet, In the castern
‘part of the traverse the depths were shallower, 1715 fathoms being
the least found, tho bottom temporatnre in this portion rising from
82°83 to 34°7,

‘From Tristan da Cunha deep soundings and temperatures wero
obtained onward to Ascension, and thence to the Equator; there
forming, junction with the position in 3° x., of AUjgust 18737 and
the deep-rea results of that time, Between the above occanio
Gelands the depths varied from 2020 fathoms to tho comparatively
shallower water, 1240 fathoms, and the bottom temperature was in
0 case #0 low ox 35°. Approaching the Equator from Ascension,
‘the dopthe increased to 2350 fathoms, and the bottom temperature
Bocame colder, it having been recorded as low as 327,

-Asnamary of the work doue in the Atlantic Ocean tells us that
eerial temperatures wore obtained at 125 positions, 82 of which
‘wore north avd 43 south of the Equator, With these incomparable
results, aided by tho deep-sea sounding labours of the German
shipofwar Gazelle, combined with those of earlier American and
English navigators—as aleo the work of tho Valorous on hor home-
wand yoyage from attendance on the Arctic ships to Davis Strait—
Sta Commander Tizard, the Navigating and Chiof Surveying officer
of the Challenger, has constructed a dingram showing on a Mereator’s
‘thart the dorp kosins of tho Atlantic Ocean, together with nine
wetional dingrame of isothermal lines from the surface downwards,
‘Sverally arranged in meridional, longitudinal, and diagonal direc-
tions; these, with a valuablo monograph on Atlantic Ocean tom-
‘Piatures, form the 7th number of a series of Reports on tho
proceedings, printed by the Admiralty during tho
Wyge for limited distribution to learned Societies and others
‘interested.

Boforo closing these brief records of the Challengers labours, it

‘iy be of intorent to place a fow statistical details befure the Society,

The Yorage round the world occupied 8 yours and 172 days. The

‘Gatanco traversed wax 62,890 miles ; the highest southorn latitude

‘Pached—a region of icebergs and pack-ico—was 66° 40° x; and

‘Wtheegh many intricate seas were travereed, and lands approached
ue

fauna was procured by means of the dredge or tow-nst

fauna’ of the eurfaco and of intermediate deptha was :

tho ‘use of the tow-not. Special care was taken

of those records. ‘The collection of invortebrate animals is of great
extent; and from most of the species being, it ix understood, mie

seis Se
fauna of tho doop sea—this branch of inquiry, it is ib

ess atepereerea havo been confided a
ment to Professor Sir Wyvillo Thomson, Chief of tho
Scientific Staff of the Expedition. ‘This account, ax estimated by
ah ell pay alt tee
‘two will bo devoted to a genoral description of the voyage,

otails as may be necessary for the z
hension of the scientific observations, and to « full
general results, physical and biological; one volume to contain am
account of the physical and chemical observations, with a special
discussion thereon; aud o further series of volumes (probably not
lees than six in number) containing « detailed account of the fauna,

with plates illustrating the undescribed or imporfoctly known

| Miscellancows—In addition to much vecful
mation received during the year from officers of the
different parts of the world, several commanding
Mereantilo Marino have contributed to our
of China and Japan. Messrs, I. B. Cocker, of the
Ting Feng; J. ©. Pendered, of tha Japanese Government

steamer Malacca; and G, 0, Anderson, of the

Admiralty Surceys—Miscellancous, chy
| doserye for their contributions spocial mention ; their Inbours hare

ee | Swope
tho shores and

at the ontrance to Smith Sound.
; additions to: Hyarogmuphy in the past year: hha
disoSvory in the Atlantic Ocean of a comparatively
tank of sdundings surrounded by ocean depths, 190 miles

to tho westward of Capo St Vincent, in Spain, ‘This was effected
in the United States ship Getlysbury, Commander Gorringe, while
ope helene pe ‘sounilingy, for) telegraphic
between Gibraltar and the Azores. Stormy weather
(ey deed season prevented Commander Gorringo from
Sabie rat ectutSatlon' cf hs shoal area, ‘Tho least depth
dhtained by this officer was $0 fathoms ; but he was impressed with
tho belief that ehosler water would be found, and possibly that
‘spots might exist dangurous to navigation, With thia uncertainty
pending, and tho bank lying in tho direct track between Lisbon
aed Madeira, the Admiralty caused an extended examination in
‘Mareh of this year to be nade by H.M.S, Salamis, Commandor F.
‘the dospatch vessel attached to the Channel Squadron.
Ty seo int no tn
in ; tho Salamis, at anchor during the time of springs,
‘foam the tides setting rogularly to tho north-cast and south-west
at the raty of 14 milo per hour; abundance of fish were caught.
‘The shape and area of the bank included in depths loss than
‘10 fathoma ie nearly circular, with a diamotor of about 6 miles,
tad is sitnated botwoen the parallels of 36° 29}' x, and 36” S4Y x.
part, within the depths of 35 to 30 {athoina/appears
tobe /a narrow ridgo 2 milca in oxtont, running nearly cast and
‘Wat: fhe least dopth of 30 fathoms boing confined to. small patch
tulat. 46° 914’ x., and long. 11° 354" w.
‘The nature of the bottom fAtidepths Toss than 50 fathoms was
ee tispotaeint of so0k and) coralline mattor; in depths oxcooding

of 1000 fathoms from tho shoal-ground being about 5

herly direction; 6 miles in a southerly; 13 miloa
tward; and 11 wiles to the eastward, At. 20. miles
a northwesterly direction, 2750 fathoms were found,
th-casterly direction 1640 fathoma.

Tn the chart ‘brunch, 02 new charts h
1896 charta havo undergone correction; 180

expressed, that the objects have been in a great m

The Council have always Uhought that the
exploration, in these days, must bo to secure nse
results in Goography, by exploring tho const-linos, and |
the conditions of land and sea within the unknown
explored by all previous Expeditions. We have aleo dy
‘upon tho importance of encouraging a apiritof maritiy
and of giving worthy employment to the navy in 0
truly national object, and one which, as the result pro
much influcnco in forming the decision of statesmen as |
results. It was with theso views that Shorand Osborn, ¢
of January, 1865, read his first Paper at a ber
on the exploration of the North Polar Region. —
‘that two steamers should be dempatched to Smith 8

industry, no h
Jargo number of its convict population, that tho 0
ich a country as Western Siboria has been hiofly r

enterprising
the results of his threo years’ travels were still in
lication, 1 learn that the scientific results comy
place, 108 astronomical, and 57 magnetic obser

of regions hitherto
great lako system botwoon 67° and 69°. lat.; the
cluding parts of the basins of the Olonek, Vilui,

“© Sco vole ally, aly, and alvi, ‘Journal of the Royal

‘Taylor sb
India to advise them on the subject. It was on 1
1874, that official sanction was | efreutis

death of one of its Royal Navy surveyors,
® young officer of promise, and son of Staff
=x. our Map Curator. Dring he sing 108

and light-vessale slong the omet. of Beitshdeala Say

om the model of the Admiralty List; and Com

Department has furthor proved ite usefulnons) by:

to Government on a variety of marine subjects.
atiie Gace rlgcocmetzical: Seireey of Inia

See cleat tng abaljoemeneg

Es Bxplorati
remarkable journey into Badakshan, in 1870,

vied
:
E

of

perry

be
Hi

many particulars:
and Roshan, The Munshi Abdul Subhan
point very near to that at which the Havildar, co
dircotion, was obliged to turn back, Captain
‘on the 26th of April, 1876, and marched up tho:
to the Great Pamir, reaching tho west end of W
sourco of the Oxus, Captain Trotter's

clxxxiv Sir Rurnerronp Atoock's Address.

But, besides this, his elaborate route-survey of now country
‘extended to some 1200 miles, his observations for latitude fixed
‘that of 31 places, and those for altitude gave the approximate
hoight of 83. Ho brovght back, in addition, a very intelligent
and interosting Diary, of which the substance is givon by Colonel
“Montgomerie in the 38th volume of our Society's ‘Journal.’ Every
means of judgment and comparison that could be applied resulted
in showing that the Pundit's observations were most careful and
trustworthy, though often made, as may be conceived, under cir-
cumstances of extreme difficulty, and straining ingonuity to obtain
| opportunity for making them at all.

For this great journoy and its rosulte, the Pundit received a
Gold Watch from our Society in 1863, It cannot be said that his
name became famous, for his name wax necessarily suppressed, and
” unknown till recently, even to our Society, But, under the title of
“The Pundit,” his reputation spread over Europe.

In 1867, Nain Singh, with two commdoes, made a second valuable
joumey on the Tibetan Plateau, in the vicinity of the sources of
‘tho Indus and Sutloj, and beyond thom, Of this journey, also, tho
narrative, published in the 39th volume of bisveatamiea= >
ds full of interest.

Leaving minor sorvicos unnoticed, r pass on to the Pandit's
crowning work os an explorer, Having accompanied Sir D.
Fomyth's Mission to Kashgar, in 1873, without finding oppor-
tunity for detached employment, on the return of the party to
Ladak he voluntecred to go on a fresh journoy of exploration.
‘This journey, if not quite so important o8 that which earned his
first fame, was over a field oven yet more arduous, and less known.
His route lay from Leb to Lhasa, by a line further north than any
proviously known, and, in fact, across that part of the high plateau
of Tibet which is almost blank in our maps. In the course of his
journey he discovered an oxtensive series of lakes and rivers, as
‘woll as a vast mowy range to the north of the Tibotan course of tho
Brahinaputra.

His stay at Lhasa was cut short by circumstances of danger, and,
after having detormined the course of the Brahmaputra to a point
vory much lower than any that had yot beon ascertained, ho struck
across the Himalaya southward, and entered Assam by the Tawang
Pass, a route hitherto quite unexplored.

‘The total length of this journey from Ladak to the frontier-post
of Assam was 1319 miles, and about 1200 miles of this lay through

—-,

New Guinea. clexxy

what may most justly be called terra incognita. His observations
for latitude and longitude were moro numerous than over. This
(gFeat and toilsomo feat appoars to have closod tho Pundit's career
efexploration. ‘Though not far advanced in years, his constitution
is stated to be worn out, and his sight impaired by protracted
exposure and incessant observation, in thoso harsh climates and.
‘at those vast altitudes. Such are the achievements which our
Socioty lus desired to recognise by its Medal.

_ New Guixes—An important journoy in tho interior of New
Guinea has been performed during the past year by Signor
D'Albertis, the well-known Italian naturalist whom my prodecessor
mentioned in the lat Annivorsary Addross as having accompanied
‘Mr. Maofatlane, in the London Missionary Society’s steamer, on his
‘Yoyage up the Fly River, On his return from that preliminary
joumey, Signor D’Albertia visited Now South Walos, and was thors
furnished, by the liberality of a number of wealthy residents of
Sydney, with the means of undertaking a further exploration of this:
greatest known rivor of New Guinea. A small steam-lounch, namod
the News, of only 12 tons burthen, was provided for him, and leaving
Sydney on the 20th of April, 1876, he commenced his ascent of the
Fiver towards the end of May, with a crew of ten mon, three only of
‘whom were Huropéans. ‘Uhe journey up the stream was continued
owith varied adventure, but without serious accident, until the 26th
‘of June, by which day he bad reached « point in s, lat. 5° 30’ and
® long. 141° 80’, about 500 miles from the mouth, following the
‘windings of the river, a distance far exoveding that attained by
‘Mr. Macfarlane in tho EWangowan in the pravions year, which was
only 160 miles. At the farthest point reached, Signor D'Albertis.
‘reports the Vly River to be in some places only 25 or 30 yards wide,
and very shallow in places; indead, it was owing to the stroam in
dry weather being too shallow for his little launch, which ropeat~
edly grounded on gravelly banks, that he waa forced to abandon his
‘emterpriso; his intention, at starting, having been to cross by land
to the opposite northern coust of the island, should the river prove

“navigable to a distance of not more than 200 miles from the const.
Tho navigability ceased, howover, at 400 miles from the northorn
‘sido, and tho land journey had to boabandoned. ‘The rapidity with
which the height of the water rose and foll, according as the

Weather was rainy or dry, shows that the traveller could not have

‘boon very far from the sources of the stream; and tho swiftness of

colxxxri Sir Rurmerronp Acoox's Address.
tho current after heavy rain was ono of the chief difficulties ho had

the navigation, and the impasauble nature of the dense forest which
clothes the banks of this great river, prevented Signor D'Albertis
from adding 0 largely as ho had oxpectod to his natural history
collection, and the same causes proventod his making any geogra-
phical reconnaissance beyond the immedinte banks of the stream.
‘Ho endeavoured to got views of the country by ascending tho mall
-eminences accensible from tho banka; but at the point where he
tarned back no high Jand was in sight, the highest hills observed
around averaging only from 300 to 400 feet. But lowor down the
river ho discerned from tho top of a hill, 250 foot high, some very
high mountains at a distance estimated at 50 or 60 miles, As far
as native population is concerned, Macfarlane's experience
-appears to have beon confirmed, namoly, that itis only the brond
reaches near the mouth of the river that aro at all well peopled.
Beyond 100 miles, native hones and natives seem to have been very
rarely met with, and the natives in almost all cases forvook their
shonses or their villages on the approach of the strange visitors.

Tn April of last year, Mr. Macfarlane made an interesting voyage
dn the Wangowan steamer from Port Moresby to China Straits and
Possession Bay, at the soath-castern oxtremity of New Guinea, and
‘mnade some discoveries of islands and harbours in this varied and
picturesque region, which will form a valuable supplement to the
result of Captain Moresby’s memorablo: survey, The Rev. Mr.
‘Lawes, an observant and zealous member of the London Missionary
Society's Mission, takes an active part in these explorations,
which are being undertaken with a view of ascertaining the best
sites for Mission stations in Now Guinon. Hoe accompanied Mr.
Maofarlane to China Straiis, and has recently communicated an
account of a subsequent visit to Point Hood, in the noighbourhood
-of which he discorored a fine river, 100 to 150 yards wide, which
has its eource on the slopes of Mount Astrolabe,

Avsrnatts.—Mr. Emest Giles, whose remarkable journey through
tho interior of Western Australia, from cant to west, was recorded
cin the last year’s Address, has since followed up his success by re-
traversing this inhospitable desert from west to east, In a more
northerly latitude than his provious route. Leaving the coat
vat Champion Bay in March 1876, ho crossed the watorshed of
the Murchison and other rivers, and reached the head-waters of the

&

Australia.—North America, elxxxvii

Ashburton in about lat. 24° 8, whence ho strack across the desert,

ing a little to the south of Lake Amadens, and reaching the
‘Line of overland telegraph at Mount O'Halloran, His line of march
Tay on the average about a dogreo and a-half to the north of
Forrest's routo.

Noara Axeniwca—The surveys undertaken by various official
departments of tho United States continue to afford important con-
tributions to oar knowledge of the geography of North America ;
and, in connection with the purely geographical portions of these
explorations, it is especially notoworthy that Transatlantic Go-
‘Yornment advisors aro conspicuous for the broadth of thoir views
in scientific mattors, as mere triangulation and mensuration epera-

‘tions form but a small part of the published results, which indlade
original Papera by competent authoritica on the geology, palm
“ontology, metecrology, othnology, philology, zoology, and botany of
tho districts traversed.

Professor Hayden's Report of his operations in Colorado, published
during tho past year, is probably tho most exhaustive of these
surveys The entire circuit of Colorado has now been made by his
Parties, and the altitudes fixed of the highest peaks of the Rocky
Mountains (Blanco Peak, 14,464 foot, boing found to overtop all
‘tho mst), The topographical portion of this Report i compara-
tively small; but the accumulation of facts in every ancillary
Branch of scionco is, as usual, astonishing, especially when it is
yemembered that this profuscly-illustrated volume (of ome 500

)) is but one of a series issued as fast as clroumstances will
Permit by the office of the Geological and Geographical Survey.
‘This departmont has in addition published various separate parts
‘of its * miscellaneous publications,” containing much local gea-
gmphical matter, and of its * Bulletin,’ of which the second volume
is now well advanced; it has also recently issued throe thick
4to, volumes on Palwontological and Natural History subjects con-
ected with the survey, and all Mlustrated by very numerous platos
and maps. Besides these, the special work of the survey has resulted
ina considerable advanco in the progress of the Physical Atlas of
Galoraio, of which, according to tho Prosident of tho American
Geographical Socicty, 6 sheets, comprising some 70,000 square
mailos, will bo izeuod shortly.
In connection with these operations, Professor Powoll has sur-
‘eyed 7000 square miles of the cast, and 4000 square miles of the

| elxxxviii Sir Rurnervonn Arcoos’s Address,

south-west and south«ast of Utah, resulting in an accurate know-
ledge of the small capabilities of that district for agricultural pur
poses, owing to the slight rainfall, and of its rather more promising

Lieutenant Wheeler, of the Engineer Department, United States
Army, has continued his surveys west of the 100th meridian, in
Novada, Now Mexico, and California, traversing 25,000 squaro
miles, of which 9000 were in New Mexico, south-east of Santa Fé.
His special aim appears to have been the investigation of the prac-
ticability of diverting the River Colorado so as to ixrigate tho desert:
lands of South-East California; and ho sppoars satisfied that a
canal could be constructed by which 1600 squaro miles could bo
flooded. Thirteen atlas sheets of this survey huve now been issued,
on acales of 8 milos and 4 smiles to the inch, covering a large part
of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Moxico, and Colorado. Lieutenant
Wheeler's general Report is of very comprehensive nature; and
hho has also issued two thick 4to, Reports on the geology and zoology
of tho survoy, with many coloured plates, maps and photographs,

An accurate survey af the great North American lakes has boom
carried on by General ©. B. Comstock, of the United States Kn-
gincor Corps; in tho course of which the precise elevations of
‘Ontario and ria havo been defined. Accurate positions have also
been determined for each of the West Indian Talands by the Hydro-
graphic Burean; the coast survey of the Gulf of Moxico has been
continued ; and the continental triangulation has been pushed enst-
ward from the Pacific coast ranges to the Sierra Nevada.

In referring, however briefly, to the geographical work of our
‘Transatlantic brothren, it must be considered a fitting opportunity:
to offer our congratulations to the American Geographical Society,
which, incorporated in 1862, has now fully attained its majority; and
the occasion ia the more uppropriate,as the Society has recently
acquired « new and commodious home, for which it is indebted to
the public spirit and liberality so charactoristic of American citizens,
Under the ablo direction of its distinguished Prosidont, Chief
Justice Daly, whose eloquence and heartfelt regard for our favourite
acience carmot fail to have impressed his hearers during his late:
visit to this country, the American Geographical Society now
numbers 1750 Fellows, and possesses a geographical library of some
10,000 volumes and a large collection of maps, &c,

Geogruphical operations on a largo sealo have beon engrossed by
the State in America; but the numerous and valuable papers con~

a

South America.—Africa. elxxxix

tained in the 12 volumes of ‘ Proceedings,’ ‘ Bulletins,’ and ‘ Jour-
nals’ issued by the Society since 1852, sufficiently attest the vitality
of Geography in the country at large.

Soura Awenica—Four papers descriptive of travel and research
in remote and little known parts of the interior of this continent
have been contributed to the Society during the year. Two of
these, viz., Mr. Bigg-Wither, “On tho Valley of the Tibagy,” and
Mr. Wells, on his journey from tho Rio St. Francisco to the Upper
‘Tocantins, will appear in our‘ Journal,’ with original maps furnished
by the authors. A third paper, containing accounts of the remark-
able journey of Mr. Alfrod Simson across the dense forosts of Ecuador,
from the Pastaza to the Napo, and of his voyage of 1200 milos up
the River Putumayo, will appear in tho next number of our ‘ Pro-
ceedings.’ Tho fourth is entitled, “Notes on Bolivia, to accompany
original maps presented to tho Royal Geographical Society,” and is
written by Mr. Musters, who distingnished himsolf a fow years ago
by his adventurous journey through Patagonia, All theso papers
will aid materially in filling up the still numerous gaps in our
Knowledge of this great continent, and supplement the work that is
being carried on by the different governments.

Avnica.—Afrioa has been the subject of discussion at four ont of
fifteen meetings held since our last Anniversary. The following
papers have beon read on this inexhaustible theme :—“ The District
of Akém, West Africa,” by Captain J. 8. Hay; “Tho Khedive's
Expeditions to the Lake Districts,” by Colonel Gordon, ne.
Gessi’s “ Circumnavigation of Albert Nyanza;” and “The Living-
stonia Mission at Nyassa,” by Mr. Young; besides which numerous
announcements have been made regarding other expeditions. Wo
have also seen, in the columns of the ‘ Daily Telegraph,’ the graphic
letters of Mr. Stanley, the Correspondent of that Journal and of the
“Now York Herald,’ in Contral Africa.

Colonel Gordon's Ezpeditions—Under the instructions and per-
sonal superintendenco of this officer, a complete scientific survey of
the Nile has becn made, commencing at Khartum, and ending at
a point 40 miles distant from the northorn ond of Victoria Nyanza—
a survey altogether of 1500 miles of river. . Three officers of our
Royal Engincers, with M. Gossi, have accomplished this, namely,
Colonel Gordon and Lieutenants Watson and Chippendall. The
gud,” course, current, width of the river—the rocks, repids, and

exe Sir Ruruenrorp Axcoon’s Adédress,

nature of the country—have been Iaid down with minuteness, and
two maps, on the scale of 35 miles to an inch, have been prepared
for our Society from the original drawings of th above afficers
‘Dhese maps will remain as standard references.

Romolo Geasi how circumnavigate the Albert Lake with two
iron boats built by Samuda Brothers, and states it to be 141 miles
from north-cast to south-west, and from 40 te 60 miles across.
Leaving Dufli by boat on the 7th of March, 1876, he arrived at the
month of the Lake on the 18th of March. ‘Tho slow progress np
this partof the river he attributed to contrary winds, incessunt rain,
and river-currents. ‘The distance is 164 miles, along a deop, broad,
navigable river, exceeding 700 yarde in inert ene ol!
population and a productive country, on the western bank.
lage Bi ten ence girl eae
in the distance, On the shores of the Lake, forests of ambatch
wore of frequent occurrence. The people on the western shore
were not friendly, sounding their war-drums and carrying their
property away; however, M. Geesi was able to bold conversations
with a fow natives, the rosult of which seemed to prove that he had
reached the farthest extremity of Albert Lake, and that there ia no

» river feeding its southern extremity, At the same time, the moun-
tains which ho saw on cither sido of tho Luke appoar not to moot at
the south end, and there may exist a pawage for water to the south,
though it was not observed, frem the quantity of ambatch growing
there,

* —-M. Gossi remained ‘on the Lake from the 18th of March till
the end of April; a period of stormy equinoctial days, for he ex=
perienced constant rain and high winds. Ho has proved without
a doubt that the Nile descends from Victoria Nyanza, enters the
Albert Lake, and flows from it, at fourteen miles farther north, tor
Dufli; thus sotting finally at rest the question of the direct con-
nection of the Nile with these great Lakes, This queation was
rashily disputed by Dr. Schweinfurth (seo President's Address of
last year), although maintained by the late Captain Speke, and
confirmed by Sir Samucl Baker. From tho smallness of his escort,
and the uncertain character of the people, M. Gessi did not examine
the interior of the country, neither could he closely observe the
streams flowing into the Lake on the castern and western shores,
but bo reports several watorfalla and bays, where the colour of the
water indicated the proximity of considerable streams,

Carlo Piaggia accompanied M. Gessi from Dufli to Albert Lake

both

Africa—Col. Gordon's Expeditions. exci
‘In 1876, thenoo ho proceeded alone’ up the Nile, and examined the
new Lako, or back-water af the Nile, discovered by Colonel Long,
near M'rooli, his ha» since been visited by Colonel Gordon him-
self, who has sketched its outline, as faras he obsorved it, on the
‘map presented to the Society, which is published in the prosent
Volume of the ‘Journal.’ Respeoting other travellers in this part
of Africa, I may mention the following :—Signor Marno, after
endeavouring to push south to the Balegga Mountains had returned
toBgypt. Mr, Lucas intended tobave proceeded to the head-waters
of the Congo from Gondokoro; but scvere illncas prevented this,
‘and the unfortunate traveller died on his way to England, as I havo
had oocasion to relate in the Obituary notices at the commencement
‘of this Address, Dr. Schrietzor (Bmin Effendi) had visited King
Mitem of Uganda, was well received, and confirmed tho previous.
observation of Mr. Stanley that the King was favourable to
‘Christianity.

‘Tho Khedivo of Egypt has recently given to Colonel Gordon

‘Supreme command oyer all the Sondan, from the second cataract,
incleding Khartum, to the Equatorial region, with the view of
suppressing slavery and developing all lawful commorce. He
thas appointed him to negotiate a peace betweon Egypt and
Abyssinia, and with this view Colonel Gordon has been at Mase
sowah for some time; but this object is not accomplished, and we
‘ope to boar of his having taken up his Governor-Generalehip of
all the Soudan.

General Stone, the chief of the general, staff at Cairo, has kindly
teported to cur Society the various reconnaissances which have beon
qmade undor his ordors and thove of Colonel Gordon in Egyptian
territory; the most notable of which are:—Reconnaisannces of
country adjacent to the White Nile, by Colonel Long; Kordofau, &c.,
‘by Colonel Colston and Major Pernberton; Darfur, &o., by Colonel
Pordy. Botany of Kordofan and Darfur, by Dr, Pfund. Topography
‘and geology, by Mr. Mitchell; besides surveys, soundings, &c, by
‘numerous other officers of the Egyptian staff,

Stanley's Expedition.—The Address of last your loft Mr, Stanley:
to explore the then unknown south-western corner of Victoria
Lake, between the Kitangule River and Jordan's Nullah of Spoke.
He had discovered the Shimeyn River, which was “considerod
‘the true source of the Nile—that is, the most southern feeder
‘of Victoria Nyanza;” but his recent Ictters inform us that a still

“more important river, the above-named “ Kitangule," now claims

exci Sir Roruenronp Atcocn’s Address,
‘this honour. Mr. Stanley has visited the Albert Lake, and ciroum-
navigated Lake Tanganyika.

Betweon July 1875, and Angust 1876, Mr. Stanloy traversed by
water, or on foot, from 1200 to 1500 miles; apse ais

about 4 miles daily, inclusive of halts, which Is unnsually fast
travelling in the interior of Africa, Since his letter of the 15th
of May, 1875, alluded to in last Address, the following have
‘been published, giving detailed accounts’ of the countries he
has visited :-—Dated 29th July, 1875; 15th August, 1876; 18th
January, 26th March, ee 7th, 1Oth, and 18th August,
1876.

Pocock's letters are dated a followas=14thAngust, 1875; 18th

April, 1870. Ujiji, 21st July, 1870; 23nd August, 1870.

Stanley's lotter from tho Island of Bambirch, Victoria Nyanza,
Gescribos to us, with a map, the south-western corner of the Lake,
‘Here are figured thirty-eight islands, from 1 to 10 miles from the
shore; and tho Jargest of thor, Bambireh and Romeh, 12 miles in
Jength by 2 or 3 in breadth. ‘Two soundings appear upon tho
map, near Alice Island; the one next tho shore is 166 feet, and
the other, 15 miles to tho south-cast, is 838 feet; showing that
this Jako is navigable for any ship afloat,’ Having returned to his
hoad-quarter camp at Kageby, he again crossed in a north-westerly
direction to Dumo, in Uganda territory, and proceeded under «
Waganda escort to explore the country between the Lakes Victoria
and Albert. On entering Unyoro territory the pooplo naturally
wore not friendly to Waganda ssldiers, and Mr. Stanley had no
opportunity of navigating the Albert Lake, through the timidity of
his Waganda, who feared the dense population of Wanyoro, But he
oached a bay of the Lake, which he named “ Beatrice ;” and, com-
pelled to give up all hope of navigating it, he turned his attention
to the south, and after neveral Gays crossed the River Kitangule,
for tho Arab settlement of Kufaro, in Karagweh. Mr. Staploy’a
opinion of the Kitangule Kagera is as follows :—* While exploring
the Victoria Lake, I ascended a few miles up the Kagera, and wax
then struck with its volumo and dopth; #0 much so, as to rank it
aa the principal affluent of the Victoria Lake. In coming south,
cand crowing it at Kitangule, I sounded it, and found it 14 fathoms,
or 84 feet deep, and 120 yards wide.” This river will be recog-
nisod as tho same which was crossed in 1862 by Captains Speke
cand Grant, and which they reported as a majestic ae
river from the Akenyara Lake.

Africa—Mr. Stanley's Expedition, oxelii

_ While under the kind care of King Ramanyika, of Karagweh,
‘Mr. Stanley made many important journeys to the west and south
of the kingdom, visiting this great Lake district, and region of
conical mountains and hot-springs, full descriptions of which 1
‘must ask you to refer to in his graphio letters. From here he
traversed tho districts of Western Unyamwezi; and wo next find
him on tho 27th May at Ujiji. After « fortnight’s arranging, Mr.
Stanley left his heavy baggage in charge of Pocock on the 11th
Juno, aud proceeded to circumnavigate the Tanganyika Lake for
fifty-cne days. Ho ostimatos the Lako to be 800 miles in ciroum-
ference, and 19 milos longor than Commander Cameron rookoned it.
‘The Lukuga Creek, of Cameron, was examined during four days.
‘Tho broken cane in the bed of the creck denoted to Mr, Stanley
that any wator must flow into tho Lake, and not out of it; and ho
considers that tho Lakuga has never been an outlet, and is not at
‘present one, but that it will be the “waste-pipe” of Tanganyika
Jn @ few yoare, when the Lake bogine to ovorflow. Ho tolls us
that Mr. Cooloy’s idoa of thoro boing a connection betwoon Tan-
ganyika and Nyassa Lakes is as absurd as Livingstone having
seperated Liemba from Tanganyika, Baker having married the
Albert and Tanganyika, or Speko having msde an island of a
promontory (Ubwari), Mr. Stanley raises an interesting question
as to the name and dorivation of the word Tanganyika, saying
that travellers havo fallon into mistakes through the ciroumstanco
‘of the namo of the country being applied to the Lake. At Liemba
‘the Lako is not called Tanganyika, or vice verad, The derivation of
the word, uccording to Mr. Stanloy, is “ Plain-like Lake; but
‘this is not accepted a» the true interpretation. Nyika is usod as a
propor name in Africa, and as portion of one, as Rumanyika; also,
‘it is applied on tho native routes west of Bahringo by the Rev.
‘T. Wakefield og Mtonga-nyiko, which undoubtedly implios aswampy
‘rogion. It significe tho floating waterplants, which produce edible
roote—the " Singhara” of India, Trapa nalans ; and from the fact
that this plant cxists plentifully in Africa, and that quantities of
floating vegetation wero ecen by the late Dr. Livingstone opposite
‘Tif, it may be taken as the more probablo interpretation af the
two, namely, from Tanganya, to gather; and Nyika, (?) nuts: that
%, “Tanganyika,” moaning “ collection of water vegetation,” or

“tho habitat of tho water-nut.”

_ ‘Mr, Stanloy writos of “my discovery of the now Inko and river,”

‘which he ventures to name tho “* Aloxandra Lake and River.” He

‘YOu. XLVI. n

exeiy Sir Rornenrorp Atoocn’s Address,

talls us that “ ho could not seo this lake from his mount of observa~
tion because the Mountains of Ugnfu intercepted all view of it;
but his guides assisted him to understand the position of the Lake.”
‘This water, we aro told, has three outlets—two flowing to the oast
towards Kitangule, and the third to tho south, joining tho Ruzizi
Lake, which ix made io discharge to Luke Tanganyika. ‘This
roquires inspection, which we hope will soon be made by the

Ono other remark regarding the Kagera. Mr, Stanley tella us that
during the dry seuson it exceods in volume the “Thames and Severn
united, and is 70, 80, and 120 feet in depth, with a width of 150 to
200 yards; and, as it passos through the shallow Lako Ingoai, which
ix 5, 10, and 14 milex in width, it sustained its dopth of 40 to
60 feet.” But whether this river, or the Shimeeyu, or any other
river flowing into tho Lake, is to bo considered a source or not—
among #0 many, and all so distant from the Nile—the honour will
still remain with the parentanother Victoria,

My own opinion on this subject is much in accord with that
of a well-informed writer in tho ‘New York Sun’ of the 15th of
March last, and I cannot, perhaps, do better than quote his words:—
“That he has verified Captain Speke’s delineation of the Victoria
Nyanza, only proves tho oxcellont goographical results achieved by
that officer; and Mr. Stanley deserves every credit for the minuto
survey be has made of the Lake, which confirmed the accuracy of
Coptain Spolso’s hypothesis, It isa pity ho should not haye been
contout to rest upom these laurels, Instond of this, ho has assumed
that if he can find out which of the numerous tributaries flowing
into tho Victoria Nyanza is tho largest and longest, he will be
entitled to claim that as the Nile, First, bo found tho Shimeeyn,
and called that the source of the Nile. Unfortunately ho after-
wards came upon a much larger affluent, called the Kagera, which
ontirely ‘extinguished the Shimeoyu, and then ho called that the
Alexandra Nile. But this river had been examined by Spoko and
Grant; and it isa gross violation of all etiquette among explorers
for a now namo to be given to it by a gentleman who visits it

Africa—Mr. Stanley's Expedition, cxev,

fiftoon years nftor its first discovery, and calls it the Alexandra
Nile, in ordor that, should he ever discover its source, he may claim
to have discovered the souroo of the Nile. In the first place, it is
‘uot the Nilo, any more than @ stream running into Lake Superior
‘can bo alled the St. Lawrence; and in the second place, if it waa
the Nilo, ho has not discovered it. This he frankly admita, Had
‘ho read Captain Speke’s book he would have found that that officer
‘fully appreciates tho importance of the Kagora Rivor as probably
‘tho largest affuont of the Victoria Nyanza; but he judged, and
jndged rightly, that whoro a huge Inke is fed by hundreds of
afilnents, sovernl of which are nearly of a size, tho river that
runs out of it in not tho same river as any one of those affluents, » «+
‘Tho true Nile only bogins whero it issues from the Lake."
* Mr. Stanlay would also have found, had he bad Captain Spoko’s
Mook with him, that he advances nothing new with regard to the
wat on the west, of the Victoria Nyanza, Speke lived for
several wooks at Rumanyika’s, almost on the banks of the Kagera,
‘and within 60 milos of tho Lake which Mr. Stanley never saw, but
‘of which a map is given in the ‘Herald,’ as though he had dis-
‘eovered it, and which, not having discovered, ho has no right to
call the *Aloxandra Nyanza.’ Tho propor namo of this lake is
Akenyara, and {t is to be found carefully delineated in ono of
Speke's mops. ‘What I could not soe,’ says Mr, Stanloy, * bocause
of tho mountains of Ugufa, was Akonyara, but my guides arsisted
‘me to undorstand tolerably well the position of the Lake.’ Horo-
upon exclaims the ‘Herald:" “The grand problem of the geogra
Phical era, which may be said to have commenced with the days of
Ptolemy, bns boon tho dincovory af the sources of the Nile, To
Solve it many explorers have exsayed and failed, lonving-to Honzy
ley the palm of the victor, the glorious prize of euccess!"”
” Although I should not have oxprensed myself oxactly in these
terms, I conour in the justice of the opinion here given of the want
‘of originality in these so-called discoveries. It should, however,
‘Be said that since Speke and Grant gave no names of theirown to
sithor lake or rivor, but morely recorded the native names, the
‘Woviation from good taste and usage in any later explorer—who wx
‘Fegnrds tho river had really navigated some 100 miles of its course
=t9 givo it w namo of Enropoan origin ia not wholly without
ae i ‘justification, whatever may be said as to the lake which
hh only took on native report, and never saw. I may cite here tho
‘Precedent afforded by. Speke himself, who gave the name of Victoria
n2

exeyi Sir Rurnenrorp Axcoor’s Address.

to Lake Ukorewo ; and, still nearer the point, that of Sir Samuel
Baker, who re-named the “Little Imta N'zigo” of Speke, the Albaré

‘Mr, Stanley, whon his last Jotter was written, had boon snffering
after his long cruise, and the natives around him wore dying of
small-pox, at the rate of forty to seventy per day. But he was to
lave on the 24th of August inst, by crossing the Lake and making
for Nyangwo, There ho would decide as to his futuro route of
exploration by proceeding to the M‘Kinyaga country, where ho
expectod to find the true head of the Kitangule Kagera, or he
would follow the right bank of the Lualnba to “somo known
point”

‘Turning to tho moro northern portion of Nilo Land, we find that

»P. Axcheron, who, two years proviously, had been botanising,
with Roblfs, had left Benisuef, Egypt, on the 16th of March, 1876,
for Medinot-el-Fayum, and reached Banite, tho capital of the Oawia
Parva, on the Ist of April, returning by a now routs to the Nile
at Samalut, having completed the flora of the region, and dis-
covored planta in tho oasis which wore of a more Eastern habit, and
‘not known to have existed there.

Dre. Schweinfurth and Gussfeldt returned last May from a visit
to the desert countries to the cast of the Nile, near the monasterios
of San Antonio and St. Paul, ‘The former had botanisod and
xtudied the geology of the region, and tho latter had determined
the positions of twenty stations,

New Routes to Central Africa.—On the Zansibar side of Africa
great strides aro boing made to open up tho interior to commoroe;
bat we want the country more fully surveyod before stating what
particular routes urs the best. On thi subject I would eall
your attontion to the excellent paper by Mr, B. THatchinson (of
the Church Missionary Socioty), published in tho ‘ Journal of the
Society of Arts,’ March 30th, 1877. No doubt there is ample
room in so extensive a region, from north to south and from east
to west, for half-a-dozen routes. The line from Formosa Bay by
the River Dana and Mount Konia to Victoria Nyanga would ro~
commend itself as the shortest to this great lake; bat, till a
survey has been made of it, we cannot say whether tho country
or tho inhabitants are such as to render such a routo practicable.
Sooner or later, howover, it must be one of the principal ones to
the north end of Victoria Lake. Proceeding further south to Mom

3

New Routes to Central Africa, exoyli

route from here westwards in the direction of the southern
fel Tabs Viekre, ould have the advantage of being. the

igehr
ae
Fe
i
i
rteee
z
He
bit

Mr. Mackay and the Rev. Roger Price; tho ela main
Inyanyemnbe. Also the Royvuma route upon which, atone
miles from the coast, the Rev. Dr. Steere has placed a
of liberated glaves.as an experiment. In connection with
4 recent visit paid by Dr, Kirk, in H.MLS. Philomel, to the
district between Kilwa and Cape Delgado, hasan, important
Sy ppasied copy of which has beon, sont to us by
Derby, this experienced. observer says that a grout change
had taken place since 1873, in the trade and social condition of
this rogion. ‘Tho slayo-trade, which formerly constituted almost
‘the solo ocoupation of chiefs and merchants, had ceased, and in
fits place w healthy and active commerce in the natural produets
of the country had become esiablished.. We learn also from Dr.
Kirk, that Capt, Blton, Consul at Mozambique, is about to visit
the northern end of Lake Nyasss, vii the Zambesi and the Shir,
and thence to return to the coast overland, thus supplying the
=the exploration of tho nearest routo to the northern
end of the lake, which is dwelt upon in Mr. James Stevenson's
recent pamphlet, ‘Notes on the Country betwoon Kilwa, and
Tanganyika.’ All these are advances towards civilization, and
‘wo bail with pleasure the worthy efforts that are being made to
‘establish 4 regular route for communication between the port, of
Kilwa and the north end of Nyassa, as it will bo an independent
means of transport for goods to the shore of the Lake, and need not
interfere with, but will encourage, the trade of the Portuguese at
Quillimane and other possessions on the const. It is also in.con-
templation to survey a road connecting a depit at the north end
of Nyassa with tho south ond of ‘langanyika, where the London
Missionary Society propose to form a station in connection with
others at Djiji, or some such suitable place, Further south still,
‘an attempt will probably be made to survey a direct line of coun-
try, from south to north, from the Gold-fiolds of the ‘Trans-Vaal
to Uinyanyembe. ‘The Church Missionary Society are trying tocon-
struct a road to M'papwa, and we expect to bear shortly that their
partios have been reocived by tho Kings M'tosa of Uganda, and
Rumanyika of Karagweh, Ono party has already reachod Kagehyi,
‘on the southern shores of Victoria Nyanza; on the other hand, a
‘well-equipped party of the London Missionary Society left Hogland
ni

te

i

i

b.

coxevili Sir Rursenvorp Atcocx’s Address,

on the 14th of April Inst, en route for Lake Tanganyika, vik
M'papwa. The good service rendered by tho Rev. Roger Price
—in having successfully travelled to M'papwa with four bullocks
for the purpose of ascortaining whether the route was suitable
for the employment of these animals—is most commendable: ho
found by actual experiment that it Se perfectly fousible to take «

from the Eastern Sea-coast up to the Central Plateau,
and that there is neither jungle nor swamp, hill nor tsetse-fly, to
hinder ouch a course, ‘T'his marks a now ora in African travel ; for
if the impediment of porters can be got over by any means, whether
by ballock-carts, or, which we have more faith in, camels us beasts
af burden, wo shall bo indopendent of porters, and be able to
employ the men in other ways.

‘We were rejoiced on the 26th of February last to have Mr. E. D.
‘Young once more amongst us, and to hear from him an account of
his latest journey to Africa, ‘He has successfully estublished tho
Missionary party, sent out with splendid liberality by the Scottish
Free Church Mission Committee, at “Livingstonia,” on the southern
shores of Nyassa; ond has been the first to launch a steamer on
the wnters of an African lake. Aftor an absence of twenty-one
months, he has returned, in nowise impaired in health or energy
by the work he performed. The chiof interest in his Journey to us
Geographers is that the Lake is found to be 100 miles longer than
‘Dr. Livingstone supposed it to be. We may also congratulate
ourselves on the fact that Mr. Young has made « treaty between
the Makololo and the Maviti, or Watata of Spoke, The latter are
& wandering and plundering set of thieves and murderers, who
range along the Nyaa Lake, extond to Tanganyika, and have
eyon cronsed tho route between Unyanyembe and Usui. ‘They are
a very numerous class, of no particular race; and if this alliance
made by Mr. Young holds good, and woro extended to thom all,
trade and tho industry of the regular inhabitants would have «
better chance of succceding.

German Exxpeditions—Dr, Lenz returned to Hamburg from the
Ogowé and Guboon region, West Africa, on the 27th of January
last, bis farthest point having beon a waterfall beyond Lonju on
the River Muni, where his stores failod him, ‘Iho Doctor's health
hind suffered severely from .

Dr. Pogge reached Hamburg on the same date, having made a
most successful journcy to Musumbe, the capital of the presont
Muatu Yanvo, the euzsrain of the Cazembe. His farthest point

Africa—German and French Expeditions. exeix

wus Inthabarake, and ho would havo gono to the town of the
Cazembo but was prohibited. By travelling with « native caravan
‘he obtained much information regarding the countries between
the Kasai and Quango, and mado considerable collections of in-
sects and plants, besides getting sixteen skulls of numerous races
of the interior. Musumbo, which had never before been visited by
any explorer, lies many days’ journoy to the north, and west of
Osmeron’s line of march. Dr. Pogge thinks that the River Kasai
‘ig the main focdor of the Congo, and that the Lualaba belongs to
the Ogowé systom, but this is disputed by othor authorities.

_ Herr Edward Mobr, who came to England last year, and was
‘present at our Anniversary Dinner, is said to have died of fever on
the 26th of November, 1876, at Melanje. ‘hero was also a rumour
of his having been poisoned, Wut we bave no particulars as to his
exoct desth. He had reached St. Paul de Loundo om the 28th
of August Inst, and left for Melanje upon the Ist of September.

Turning to the Hast Coast of Africa, we learn that Dr. G. A.
Fischer and Herr A. Donhardt (an engineer) were to proceed to
Yuoribar last December, in the hope of ascending either the River
‘Dana or Ozy, noar Formosa Bay, and penetrating id Kenia to the
Vietoria Lake. This is one of the most imporlant routes, as pre~
viously stated, in East Africa; and, if the people in the interior
Prove hospitable, great results may be expected from opening up
this, perhaps tho most fertile region in Africa, being within «
degree or so of the Equator. They are to introduce a novel mode
of communication—carricr-pigeous. Herr J. M. Hildebrandt also
proceeds in this journey to tho Lake.

‘Dr. Ervin von Bary roports in Docember last, to the German
African ‘Society, that he wax on hix way to Jebel Ahaggur, in the
Tuareg country; but in consequence of disturbances there, he has
ultered his plan, and purposes reaching Timbuctoo by « moro
southerly route. The latest account of the Doctor is that he had
teached the hot-spring of Sebarbaret, which is 150 miles north-
west of Ghat.

French Expeditions, —Tho Expedition under Lieutenant de Brazza,
of the French Navy, with Dr, Ballay and M. Marche, and seventy
‘soldiers, intended to proceed from the west up the River Ogowé, and
on till they reached the Albert Nyanza or the Niam-Niam country.
‘Dr. Ballay arrived at a point 250 miles from Gaboon; but
the party had suffered much in the loss of instruments by the
“upsetting of canoes, There was a greater annoyance still than this:

ined |

Bren ‘Sir Rormenrorn ALcocn’s Address.
the tribe of Osyoba wero pot anal incned toihe AMeRaNG ATiNGe

eer eave Biskra for Tuat, vid, the Wady, Myah,.om hia
way to the Ahaggar country, immediately on supplies.
Survuys of the coasts of Southern Tunis. and Tripoli, which are,
occupied by tribes who are said to plunder both by sea and land,
have been completed by Captain Mouchez, of the French Navy;
and Captain Rondaire has completed the levelling of the Tunisian
Shotts, leaving no doubt that an inland lake might bo formed. to
the south-west of Algeria.

Lalian Expedition-—Tho Marquis “Antinori and party haying left

reached Lichi, in the kingdom of Shoa, all safe and well, after,
however, having escaped assassination between Zeila and Harar,
and experienced difficulties in crossing the Hawash. He anxiously
looked for the arrival of Captain Martini with supplies before pro-
cooding farther; and as this officer was to be conveyed to Zoila in
tho Italian corvette Scilla last March, we hope the Marquis will
not be detained in proceeding upon his very important journey to
Victoria Lake, but, meantime, he had met with a gan-shot accident.

Portuguese Expedition —We have lately beard that the Govern»
ment of Portugal have, with the most. enlightened liberality,
reminding us of their former glory in Geography, voted the sum of
20,0002, towards exploration in the interior from thoir possessions
on both coasts, and we congratulate their Geographical Com-
mittee, and weleome them in the field of research and discovery.
They have suffered a great loss in the death, on the 7th of
December Jast, at Loanda, of Baron Barth, who was ongaged on
& Geological and Geographical Survey of Angola.

West Coast—M. M. J. Bonnat, « resident for many years in
Western Africa, particularly in the Ashanti country, took five boats
and twenty-seven men up the Volta River on the 7th of December
1875, and reached, partly by water and by land, Salaha, or Paraha,

t

African Exploration Find, oi
the commercial capital of these parts; a town which was very
poptlous at ons time, but now contains only 18,000 people.
‘M, Bonnat statoa {that tho Labollo Rapids, though 25 fect high,
ean bo! ascended by steamer during the raing in Soptember
and October, becanse the river rises 50 foct at this seaton.

Wo have alrcady alluded to the interesting Paper of Captain
J. 8. Hay, who read it to vs last June, on his residence for three
months at Kyebi, the capital of Akém, West Coast of Africa. The
district lics between 6° and 7° x, Int, and to tho cast of Ashanti.
‘The Captain was thore on duty guarding the Protectorate, during
a war between the Ashantis and Djaubins, towards tho end of 1875.
Tn November, when he traversed the route from Accra inland, it was
mud and water for days, and rain fell daily. On reaching the
interior, the country is mountainous. The people live on the tops
of their hills in houses completely concealed by the dense pri-
mmval forest; but there is abundant food obtainable, tho soil being
tich, and four rivers run through the country. ‘These are only
navigable for small boats, and are broken by waterfalls, Gold
snd timber seem to be the richest products of this rogion.

Arnicay Exetoration Foxn—Having now passed in review the
various African Explorations, British and Foreign, already com-
pleted or in progress during the past year, it only remains for
me to bring moro especially under the notice of this Meeting
and the Society, the steps which have been taken since my opening,
Address to give effect to tho desiro of the Council to promote,
to the extent of thoir powor, tho continuous and systematio oxplo-
ration of Africa, and more especially of that lange region extending
from the Equator to the Caps of Good Hope. After the Mocting
of tho Conforence at Brussela in September 1976, at the invita-
tion of the King of the Belgians, and from that time, the subject
has engaged the serious attention of the Council. Unable by the
Charter of tho Socicty, and tho declared objects of its constitution,
to enter upon any undertaking not strictly Geographical, it was
found impossible for them to take part in the International Orga-
nisation inaugurated at the Brussels Conference for much larger
objects, They were reluctantly, therefore, obliged to decline
‘entering into the plans for affiliated and international labour in
this field, and to form a separate Committee, under the title of an
“African Exploration Fund Committee,” acting under the direc-
tion of the Council, and independent of all International or other

ceil Sir Rurmenrorp Acoon’s Address.
Associations and Sociotios with similar objects. Independent so far

more ¢epecially with the International Commission permanently
sitting in Brossels, —

‘The Council, animated with these sentiments, placed them,
together with the objocts they proposed to accomplish, on record
in a Minute constituting the Committes above referred to, and
defining their powers and the duties assigned to them, Having
obtained the consent of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales
to assooiate his namo an Patron, this Committes have sincs been
matnring thelr plan of operations, and preparing a Sketch-map to
nocompany a Circular, appealing to the Society and to the public
for mpport and o-operation in tho prosecution: of such continuous
and systematic Explorations in Africa ax they ar satisfied will beat
advance the Geographical knowledge of these regiona, and, in the
proportion that it is attainod, will also materially tend to promote
both commerce and civilisation.

‘This Ciroular, and the proposed proceedings of the Committee,
have’ now received the sanction of the Council, and it will be very
shortly circulated among tho Follows, together with tho original
Minute; and, in that shape, it ix thought the whole mbject may bo
brought before the public In a satisfactory manner, with a-view to
obtain tho necessary funds, Groat interosta, besides those of Geo-
graphioal science, are concerned, if not inseparably connected with a
snocessfal prosecution of the work now contemplated, and the anbject
is one of the most important, both in « national and philanthropic
sense, that can well engage tho sympathios and attention of this
Society and the community at large. Under these circumstances
the Council feel confident that the appeal they have now willingly
sanctioned will mect with a ready response over a wide area, not
limited to the United Kingdom, but including all our Colonies, ono
of which, by no means tho least important, is more deeply interested
in tho prosecution of these Geographical Explorations than any
other portion of the British Empire,

‘Pogrecrirr.

Chinese Hmpire—Aftor the foregoing was made ready for the
reas, I received from our Honorary Corresponding Member, Baron
‘von Bichthofon, the well-known goologist and traveller in China, a
copy of the first volume of his magnificent work, entitled ‘ China,
Exgebnisse eigoner Reisen und darauf gegriindeter Studien, Berlin,
1877. “The Presidential Address for this year would be very incom-
plete without @ brief notice of this volume, forming, as it does,
the commencement of what will undoubtedly be one of the most
complete works on a subjeot of Special Geography which has appeared
in ourtime. The volume, although only the introductory part of the
work, forms a handsome quarto of 760 pages, well illustrated by
mape and diagrams, and treats principally of the General Goography
of Central Asia and China Proper, entering thoroughly into the
formation of the surface and the causes of the striking diversity
Between the central and outer regions, the nature of the “loos”
which oovers nearly all Northern China, and is the cause of its
fertility, and other fostures of Physical Geography. The moro
detailed sooount of the author's investigations of the ooal-fields and
general Geology is reserved for the subsequent volumes, three in
number, The completed work will be accompanied by an Atlas of
44 maps, constructed by the author, who made this ono of his chief
tasks during his long journey through the Chinese Provinces,

7

PAPERS READ

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY

DURING THE SESSION 1876-17,

[Fomuwo Vor. XLVI. or tax Soouerr’s Jounwat.
Poxuisuen May 269m, 1878.)

‘L—On the Buried Cities in the Shifting Sands of the Great
Desert of Gobi, By Sie T. Doveras Forsyru, 6.0.6.1.
(Read, November 18th, 1876,)

Amona the ae objects of interest which attracted our
attention during the late mission to Kashghar, not the least
interesting was an inquiry regarding the shifting sands of the
Great Desert of Gobi, and the reported existence of ancient
cities which had been buried in the sands ages ago, and which
are now gradually coming to light.

When Mr, Johnson returned in 1865 to India from his ven-
turesome to Khotan, he brought an account of bis visit
to an ancient city not far from Kiria, and five marches distant
from Khotan, which had been buried in the sands for centuries,
and from which gold and silver ornaments, and even bricks of
tea were dug out.

‘On the occasion of the first mission to Yarkund in a.p, 1870,
we were unable to gather much information, and I observe
that in Mr. Shaw's book, * Travels in High Tartary,’ no allusion
to the subject is made. Tura Chund, the energetic Sikh mer-
chant whom Mr. Shaw mentions, and who accompanied me on
both my expeditions, told me that this exhumed tea was to be
found a the Yarkund bazaar, but as our stay in that city in
1870 was of very short duration, and wo had no opportunity
‘of moving about and making inquiries for ourselves, we re
turned to India with very vague ideas on the subject. On my
#econd visit in 1878, I determined to make more searching
ae, ‘and for this purpose I endeavoured to collate all the
i jon obtainable from published works, as well as from

‘VOL. XLVIL B

carey
EE, a
SEE i
Presi?
pid E i
ee

aH Ze
hag
se 805s]
ile
Huy
euriiee
ibe Esk

B
afSEe
e
i
;

Fy
F
g

HJ
se
Ey
i
ze
E
E
EE
L
HG
gt

It is only sae Met ace Marco Polo at the head of the
Wake ealboreien ta ea shall rofer. ‘I'he 86th and threo fol-

u
nr
i
ze
5.
ne
gz
Hn

it of Darins's conquest.
and coon coins which were found in

Gas

in early was inhabited

that te lio "ln ped gros
ornaments found there, are exact];

we gl mit in th wi 4
we read how the King of.

nowy Mountains and attacked. the

Bil
Ee:
of SEE
i fae

peeks
é
{3

RUE
EES
He
es ive
peer
ks Hae
EgFE
Fite
a

slag now on the frequent intercourse in former
hotan and India, it I may, however, here
25 peo eee which was conveyed to the
Mernters of the Royal G phical Society at its eeiBeeston:
good deal was said eS) the impenetrable bartier raised
Mon a said that the only

army which ever crossed went from ndian side and never

ity
An

Shifting Sands of the Great Desert of Gobi. 3

returned. But, not to refer to invasions of ancient times mon-
tioned by Rémusat, Mirza Taian ie bin Penikta Hoshidi? ives
Ba are of ap epaditon under clan, Re his
mister, Marza Haidar, from the Yarkund side, which was very
sucessful, and on the road between he Genser Vamians As
Karakorum we je pasted tho wall which had. been erected by the
jah of Nutt help eit the avons o to arte

¥ iets gate pear pllaemantrcon =
‘that at that time tho city called by fe name was in

From. the geographical description ae,
eae re cee sent
‘Pein or Pima mast be identical with ‘iss

Be eeganiion, the: looseness of Sees in jenna
is doubtless correct, but I record the fact that the
present ‘of Kashghar professes to enforce a very ant oe
It is peculiar of its kind, but it is
the Koran, and according to the practice sr pernetyes
peel he would ba horrified he knew that PN
ica of the Shias were supposed to prevail
e of his listers nan once, epedi to ines mt as
terms against the Shing, eaid he would have as much
in slaying a Shia as on infidel, and his language
one of the animosity displayed by etnies and
‘Protestants to each other in not very long gone by.
vg a Charehan, or C) and, we got some informa~
from persons who had been thera, It 1s a place of some
was used as a settlement by the
, and-is now held b @ governor under the Ameor of
It contains about 600 houses, situated on the
of two rivers, which unite on the plain and flow to
‘Lop. The town is situated at the foot of a mountain
fon ihe” and tho river which flows by it is said to come

garter has remarked that the exact geographical

of Charchand is not fixed with any degree of eer-
Kav aod si aS is probably about equidistant from Kiria and
he gives the marches from Khotan to Charchand,

ta » &:marches = 104 miles.
‘Kira to Charchand .. .. 14 marches = 240 or 300 miles,

‘Total .. .. 384 or 400 miles.
Polo describes tho whole province as sandy, with
and bitter water; but here and there the water is sweet.

) agrees with the information we obtained, — was

Fonsrra on the Buried Cities in the

4
that, between Charchand and Lop, there are oases where wan-
dering tribes of Sokpos, or Kalmaks, roam about with their
I was informed that the present Governor
2 across from Kurla direct in filteen days, a
distance of about 700 miles,
‘The storiex told by Marco Polo, in his 99th ol about

if when you are among them, and can see
but the eky and the sand; not a plant, not an animal is visible,
with the single exception of the yellowish-grey lizanda (Phry-

and mark it with the patterns of their tracks, A dull heayi-
‘ness oppresses the senses in this inanimate sea of sand. No

deserts, They tell you that this was the scene of Gee ea D
exploits of two heroes —Gissar Khan and Chinghiz Khan.
Here thes» warriors fought against the Chinese, and slew
countless numbers, whose bodies God cansed the wind to cover

with superstitions awe how cries and Fseng may be heard
in the sands of Kugupchi, which proceed from the spirits of the
departed; and that every now and then the winds, which stir
up the sand, expose to view different treasures, such as silver
dishes, which, although nonepacaaas above the surface, may not
be taken away, because death would immediately overtake the
bold man who ventured to touch them.”

When I was at Peking Jast spring, I had the good
fortune to mect Dr. Bretschnoider, physician to the Russian
‘Legation, an accomplished Chinese scholar, whose Notes on
Chinese modimval travellers to the west contain valuable

Shifting Sarids of the Great Desert of Gobi. 5

Meu Ono of these travellers, Kin Ch’ang-chun, thus
Mipiteverctsencsr iia viscesin the doyle ancvtny alee
in the ¢ by ian eeednar

= whole night, is it eee toeeae teste on
‘ a noon, After a short rest, we in the

pina day, between 18 rh ‘Goluok . the
reached a owns We did otawined ee can
time, only ‘wero afraid of being charmed by 6 in the
dark. revent the chasing wetrrabbedy {betieede-dfsour
with blood. Whon the master saw this operation, he
bling flee away when they moet ia
man, as it is written in the books. Tr dooa not’suit ovo
entertain such thoughts.”
| One thing strikes me as remarkable, that thong as T sup.
» Maréo Polo visited Khotan, and passed along the road to
he nowhere mentions the report of bacietlt cities, being
ne Mirza Haidar, writing two centuries afterwards,
‘to'them ; and we learn from Chinese authorities that
igs Ienown to have been buried many centuries before
Polo's time.
ees to other authorities, may make a remark on
jonel Yule’s Notes on this chapter, He speaks of the
ea Kank, But this Kanle ix, I think, probably
Lae mentioned by Mirza Haidar. The word in Persian

| written GS, and’ it depends on’ tho diacritical points in’ the

‘middle letter whether it is SGF (Katak) or SGF (Kank). In
‘the copy of the *Tarilchi oon ’ Thave it is Katak, and this
‘is the version adopted by Dr. Bellew.
Mirza Haidar gives Ped mee of the destruction of this city
‘thle According to him, the fate of the an had. long
Pore ns in the gradual advance of the sand; and the
the city repeatedly warned his audience, in the Friday
of tho | impending calamity; and finally, seoing the
‘imminent, he informed his congregation of a Divine
Soak oe city, and flee from the coming wrath of God.
“He then formally bid them farewell from the pulpit, and forth-
with took his departure from the doomed ubode. He left the
7, it would seom, in a violent eaudstorm, and hurried away
‘his Rao and such effects ax he could carry with them,
gone some wey one of his companions (the
—— e cricr to prayer of the mosque) returned to fetch

hurricane qole plan peel ea LS
and buried at ones ee t 40 le
From tho inquiries made. by Dr, Bellew, and others of our
Mission, it’ appears that the town of Lop, mentioned by
Mareo Polo, oxists no longor; but thero arenumbors of encamp-
eau lacsiemeeia che: hants fide senky bhensad
their connecting channels, aps there are as a8 8
thousand: houses or camps. Whee are inbabited:-bysfomilios
who emigrated there about 160 years ago. ‘They are looked
upon with contempt by trac as only ‘Maunsul-
mans, The aborigines are described as very wild people—
black men with long matted hair, who shun the society of man-

Rogarding the condition ‘of ‘the ancient cities of Lop
and Katak, I will here give an extract from ee bepenotiie

of which nobody knows
anything. The principal of these is called Kok Nor. ‘Kok
PET “blue , and these several countries are so

Shifting Sande of the Great Desert of Gobi. 1

of their surface. But these ruins of Kok Nor I myself have
seen. ‘They are on the dosert to the east of the Katak rains,
and three days? journey from Top in a southwest direction,
along the course of the Khotan River. The walls aro seen
rising above the reeds in which the city is concealed. I have
not inside the city, but I have seen its walls distinctly
from the sandy ridges in the vicinity. I was afraid to go
amongst the rains beeans of the around and the venom-
ous insects and snakes in the reeds. I was camped about them
for several days with a party of Lop shepherds, who were here
1 Conra a cattle, Besides, it is a notorious fact that
people who dogo among the ruins’ almost othe ee
‘they cannot rosist the temptation to steal the go! meeps
ings “stored there. You may doubt it, but everybody here
knows what I say is true, and there are hundreds of Kalmaks
who have gone to the temple in the midst of these ruins to
worship the god there, ‘There is « temple in the centre of the
ruins, and in it is tho figure of a man, It is of the natural
‘size; the features are those of a Kulmak, and the whole figure
is ofa bright yollow colour.’ ee
figure are precious stones and pearls of

i

A ib sine: and site |
snd innumerable yémbs, or ingots of old and silver, Nol =

has power to ape Srifnsine from here, ‘his is all

he discovered that his stolen bere dele spo tho
the fob of his debil, or frock, was as he had it. Bo
‘wont back to the temple to get others, but, to his astonishment,
found the very two he had taken returned to the exact spot
from which he had removed them. He was so frightened
he prostrated himself before the fae and, confessing his fault
boned forgiveness. The figure looked benignly on him an
3 and he De Repeat ey ree e such eacrilege
im fature. He returned to Lop and kept his story a secret for
‘# long time, till a Lamma discovered and exposed him, and he
‘was so ashamed that he left the country.”
_ Now, to come to the manner in which the shifting sands of
‘the Desert have overwhelmed cities and fertile country, I may
ive my awn experience. When I was in Yarkund, in Nove
» 1873, T'saw black bricks of tea, old and musty, exposed for
sale in the bazaar, and was told that they had come from
Khotan. This stimulated my curiosity, and I made inquiry of
‘our friend the Dadkhwab jad Yunus and ef our escort,

i
f

a8 BE
ate
zeek
ne
< i,

=

i

z

8.

if
fi
2
:
!

i
E
i
iH
:

:
*}
é
.

in é
through a well-cultivated country, to the
were plunged into an arm of
over hilly ground and
covered,

F
zg
i
i

i
i
u
&.

#2 5
He
at
*FPEE
SEEeE
Ertct
A fa
eee!
a]
4183
it
5 sé

g
is
st
F
z

s

o

ride of 85 miles, wo came

wife of Hussan i

just after the de}

the eleventh century.

regular hospice, with Cen Siar
o! rt

iigrims,

iE
uF
fF

i
i

iF

iH
4
=
3
F

rooms, in & spacious courtyard, mon.
clustor of houses for the eter of the shrine, |

man of eighty-seven, very hale and jovial-looki fe suid he
ho in hi Hi

H

2

Es
Bi

E

i

ipe

had. been destroyed by Arslan Khan more than
Starting next morning with spades and pickaxes, we determined
to see what remains of former civilisation could be dug up;
and, after a woary search, found broken pieces of pottery, bits

is decipherable, and appears to belong to an
"he dso ta ecarcly any

is used now-a-days there, and the art of making it soums to bo
toknow in Kane

har,

fa
a

Ht
i
i

Shifting Sands of the Great Desert of Gobi. 9

in a northerly direction to Oordom Padshah,
down to a wide hollow, which drains to
there rises up the ridge which we had
higher up to the north-west, On tho
ber of shallow wells and superficial
the sides of the road. In all the water was 50

most of our Indian cattle refused to drink it,

.
=

H
ke
i
i
. £ 3
E
sf

da voyage, i we got
away to the east, for the ridge soon breake up and
in that direction to the level of the plain. ‘The plain
direction presents a vast undulating surface,
very water-runs, in which is a thin g
wide in which is a thin growth of
rough bushes, but no ign of running water. But to
it wierd a perfect sea of loose sand, advancing in
‘lines from north-west to south-east, Tho sand=
are mostly from 10. to 20 feet high, bat some are seen
little hills, full 100 feet high, and in some spots higher.
cover the plain, of which the hard clay is, seen between
rows, With numberless chains of two or three or more
ie a line, and follow in successive rows one behind the

i

FEE

=
£
F
F
i
Ey
3
3
3
3
3
8
g
é

‘the horns of which slope forwards aud downwards in points to

ground. ‘The horns start from the high eentral part of the
ody of the crescent, which, in the opposite direction, tails off
in @ long slant down to the’ plain. These dunes cover the
eneeeniiy towards the north and north-west as far as the
eye can ; but towards the east they ceaso at 4 or 5 miles
to tho right of our road, and beyond that distance is seen the
undulating surface of the desert.

“ From the ridge up to the shrine itsolf, and next day for some
tniles further, our path wound amongst and over these sand-
dunes, At about 4 miles from the ridge we passed a deserted

half submerged under the advancing sands. One

‘of the priests of Mazar Hazrat Begum, who was with us as a
told us it was called Langar Bulghar Akhund, and said

‘it was built eighty years ago on an, at that time, open
‘space in the sands, but had been abandoned since thirty years,
‘owing to the encroaching sands having swallowed up its court
and risen oyer its roof. We got down to examine the place,
tnd found the wood-work, the fireplaces, and shelves in two
rooms, and also a part of the roof ina Rely teak and well~
preserved state, as if but just yacated. About tho building

aie =
i
F
if
BS
rf
if

1a
til
eh
He
Hi Se
dt
Gul
i
rt

:
i
: ;
4
E
8
2

chain; thue leaving the tenement moro or less uncovered,
till aoa again submerged by the next following row of similar
eund-dunes, f

*'These sand-dunes are formed by the action of the periodical
north and north-west winds, w here blow over the

Renee
loose particles on its surface, eo that those on the sides, where
there is least resistance, project forwards in the form of long
horns, whilst those in the centre ride over each other till they
produce the high curved bank between them; and on being
Hed still farther, they topple over the bank out of the
fluence Serie ee ere Wy Oe ee are
which carries them down the slope till they reach
And this action, continued for a length of timo, is the
cause of the [pore and symmetrical advance of the dunes,
‘Tho rato of tl iE die it is impossible to determine, as it
depends entirely on the varyi i

it actually in course of operation,
explains the manner in which the cities of Lop, and Ksrakyend

Shifting Sands of the Great Desert of Gobi. u

others of this territory, have become overwhelmed in a flood of
sand. And it confirms the veracity of the statements made by
the shepherds who roam the deserts, to the effect that in these
old ruined sites the houses now and then appear for awhile
from under the sand, and again for awhile disap under it.
‘The idea that the process of rn ory god, eee
ed the remarks made by Mirza Haidar, and of tha probability

is we had a remarkable illustration in the tenement men-
tinned above, as still occupied at Oordum Padshah, though the
court up to ite verandah was already fall of sand from the
dune which had broken over its walls. [Had the court in this
ease been on the opposite side, and the house been the first to

ores pimpin sand, as we'saw at the Langar Bulghar

opnitthnd eaten pAb aN tien Meta d it
walle (if it did not suddenly by its weight crush in the roof) it
would slut wp the inmates in a living tomb.

/ *That this actually did occur at Katék in many instances is
evidenced by the skeletons und desiccated bodies which are
still occasionally seen in unearthed houses, with their apparel
and farniture intact and uninjured, as is told with such aj
‘truth by the shepherds who roam that spot at the present day.
The shrine’of Oordum Padshah is itself buried in the sand, and

tufted with yaks’ tails mark the spot of the grave, But

into the Scat? the tenement mentioned without having
ly filled its area, which is only 10 or 12 is
Meaewteccctaons faith of the venorable ‘sheikh who tot
over it may prove justified. ‘The blessed shrine has survived
favitiettadss of eight centuries,’ he eaid, in reply to onr fore-
of the danger threatening its existence ; ‘anid, please

God, it will survive to the end of the world!"

-L was very anxious after this to visit Khotan and examine
the ruins which have been exposed to view, but was unable to
carry out m: i I, however, sent one of the Pundits, of
whom so heb hen teers heard, to travel in that direction, and
Temployed other trustworthy men to visit the locality. ‘The
verbal they brought back, each independent of the
other, all L had heard bofore,

The oe of the Pundit referred chiefly to the routes
through Khotan to India, and, unfortunately, he did not direct

iegiag io examine thaboleslp tends gpld emamenureerente

ee Ram, Chand was there,.a gold
on was there, a
omament weighing about 16 Iba. was found. It was in
nsec a col an arud ad aches attached tn. Rumour
it to be aneck-ornament af the ‘great Afrasinb, and the
treasure

Po Bilan al itaisoslegonia, she plercican ler
Great in Asiatic legendary history, or King Arthur in English
tales, L hope the time is not jar distant when a

* Probably the iron coin of Hermauas tany prove to be the oldest, but it baw pot
eats ioe eal ok. erro nad Fear Os hn cet bok ebapaes

Tcsda 12 sc hols ‘tgure of Buda fe trisounca y Smtent

‘anthorities to be about the 10th contury, 40 that the submergence

‘the sand may be dated about 300 years ayo,

Shifting Sands of the Great Desert of Gobi. 13

iS, excavated for residence. The city is eaid to have existed
to the first Chinese occupation, and to have been con-
by fire, owing to the refusal of its ruler to adopt the
medan faith. Abont 16 tash, or 60 miles, to the north
“Kuchar a Jarge idol is said to exist, which is cut out of the
‘It is 40 to 50 feet high, has 10 heads and 70 hands,
ts carved with the tongue outside the month. The monn-
Behind the idol is exceedingly dificult of ascent; gare
owing to the protection of the idol, cannot be
‘very remarkable ruins are said to exist not far
i. Syad Yakub Khan gave us 4 description of
nately not till after Captain Biddulph had
vicinity without being aware of the prize almost

"Ret or Fom the present city of Kashgar is the Kohna Shahr,
“tity, whieh was destroyed many centuries ago, yet the
though only built of sun-dried bricks, aro standing, with
‘oles in which the rafters were inserted ux clearly defined
if oi ‘been only just used, ‘They reminded me of the
to be keen in the rocks on the Danube just before ap-
] the Iron Gates. As all, or nearly #0, of the edifices
a Asia are built of sun-dried bricks, it may seem
remarkable that such structures should survive through so
‘many ages, but the extreme dryness of the climate accounts
for thie ‘When Twas staying at Yungi Hissar, I visited the
0 Hassan ei id Khan. It is recounted on his tomb
How ‘he had earned the crown of martyrdom by falling i
battle against the infidel King of Khotun, whose fort, which
‘stood close by, he had destroyed. I went to see the fort, and
found not part of the woodwork in good order, but even
the matting which is put under the earthwork of the eaves of the
‘roof was visible. According to the date on the tomb, this
fort must have been destroyed upwards of 800 years ago.
"Aw interesting question may now be asked: Where do these
wands come from? It’ is a remarkable fact well supported by
the evidence of our senses, as well as by the reports of the
inhabitants of the country, that all these sand-hills move in one
direction, i.c., from north-west to south-east. If I wore speaking
of a tract of country east of the Great Desert of Gobi, the
‘answer of course would be bl but I am speaking of the
extreme west corner of the Desert, and moreover I will endes-
‘your to describe a still more remarkable circumstanca As we
Jeft Kum Shahidan on onr return journey we took a westerly
jon, and after crossing a sea of sind-hills fur some miles
came to cultivated ground, which we again exchanged jor sand.
from what we saw, our theory was that these sands are

fut

EEE
i

i

nF

=
E

a

g.
&

| ae

Forsyr on the Buried Cities in the

i4

cae ae: ie ike)
He a8 re 3
flee iia i
uuu a Te sa Hi
f Te que are | i
erro sili ice
hetes staal
z hat : Pane is ga aba
ie alates
ial “S.
eagle il

ras

dn
When

ci and pale mah |

‘in, which is, in fact, the
by low bills,

Hh

earns shi easle ions
mist rose from

in a ravine, about 5
fat that a denso clond of white

of

Mountains is yery similar in its features to

ite
Haste Fe
iiirid aa3
alana
BItEA reer
aqui fan
sages elie,
pridaull
ie 94433
Paine

£35 2
wield

a

Shifting Sands of the Groat Desert of Gobi. 15
eee meyer to the high rmgions between the
Karakorum and Yarkund, : wee
_ Thave said that an attempt made by me to pay.a visit to
‘Khotan was unsuccessful, this leads me to notice the re-
marks of a writer in the July number of the‘ Quarterly Review,’

his opinion that bad the surveillance and restraint to

under tho guise of attentions, the Mission was subjected

have knowledge of Asiatic character, and has

not weighed pendent n/ contaly the responsibilities which
conduct of such an expedition as I

had the honour to command. But as the opinions he has thos
expressed haye beem ahared by others, who, with on imperfect
knowledge of the whole circumstances of our position, have
chafed at the loss of tly easy opportunities for adding to
edae, may here say a few words which

‘will porhaps throw some light on the matter, and explain what
the reviewer considers to be unaccountable negligenes on my
part. war friendly an Asiatic may be, he is proverbially
cg teat thoactions of all foreigners. Mr, Shaw, to whom,
a8 the Quarterly Reviewer justly remarks, is due the honour of
‘tho first succossful advance into that long-closed country, as is
duly related in his ‘High Tartary, Yarkund, and Kashghar,’ an
‘ing record of hes adventures and of difficulties overcome
bya! mixturé of boldness and diplomacy with patience
and humour, gives instances of the disappointments to
wi he was subjected, and he has often recounted to me the
manner in which he was tantalised with expectation of imme-
diate liberty of action; but always to be disappointed at the
moment of fruition. During his first visit to Yarkund and
Kashghar he was kept a prisoner inside the four walls of his
house or in his tent, and never entered the city at all. This
, # circumstance in no way to be wondered at, but
when he revisited the country as the Political Agent depated
Indian Government, and after the return of our Mission,

he mage be sure of enjoying the fruit of newly established
relations with the Ameer, I fully expected that he would travel
about the country and accomplish what we had lett undone.
But it is a fact that Mr. Shaw did not even enter the city of

i

the old Chinese quevicn now occupied by the Ameer,
and 5 miles distant from

16 Forsyra on the Buried Cities in the

he i from exercising an
haf stone clloy tm se, To ay oe macnn
with the cherestor ef Goyer ee

inexplicable, and most to one’s Mr. Shaw
aetae the Taricustelilalat woah apmaves him in his

of perfect liberty of action, but was mightily offended because I
tekhinet te iti u

word. On the second visit, I arranged:
my frie ad Yakub Khan for complete liberty to be accorded
to the members of the Mission to roam about anywhere within a

Amver to visit the frontier fort of Chakmak,
was allowed to go on an excursion to Maralbashi, and as soon
as the weather permitted we took a journey up towards Ushr
‘Turfan. Daring the winter. months’ very steers
could not be undertaken ; but 1 was constantly consulted astomy
wishes for sending a party to Aksu and to Lake Lop, as well as to:
Khotan. ‘The Ameer volunteered to make use of Dr, Sto-
ee valuable scientific sibs and see arity reeeived
rt, or specimens of coal, ry an er ores,
that he sibuld be sent to dition tho mines, But aia
Shaw's case, so it was in ours; just at the last moment
some excuse was raised, and the expedition had to be postponed
sine die. I find that another great traveller (M. P: devalaky)
details experience similar to oure, and complains of being
tained just_at the moment of departure, for reasons which he
could not discover either then or afterwards; and Schuyler, in
his most interesting work on ‘Turkestan, records ‘similar
experiences, and I am inclined to think that all Baropean
travellers in Central Asia are likely to suffer in the eame way
until they can discover or secret which the reviewer ap)
possesses for overcoming these obstacles, ‘Lhe important
to the Pamir by Colonel Gordon's part: rextlied peed
negotiation on my part; and after it had started, the Ameer

Mionet on Russian Expedition to the Alat and Pamir, 17

eee as meal hia tooks difficulty in
Beste ear rn proven ts oon Syst
cation to visit Khotan, after havin, seonela oak

eee been made, ra finally flatly vhs

bonld have fund intapesbl lt pt ia raha
ve found in: He difficulties att a

itis certain that I should opsrerat by

“Boni inert th
rte ahead that al ail th this only shows the hollow-
Amoer's performance of fri ip; and, in tact, T
seen this urged ws a proof of the worthlessness
ef wy with the rulers of countries across our
border. at Litake ve to differ entirely from such —

not-understand expeditions condacted for purely scientific
poses; and they may be excused for disliking to show all
resources ¢yen to their most valued Huropean friends. pone
(SE Crea rapt tetany echt epee Gard
romarke made by the distinguished President of the Royal
Geographical Society: We must complain that our reputa-
ye io irae Tg aor ick a pt
Selebae perfectly wallow iz Chine in broad

ions or defence we ma ao es bie en td
ae this ania advance fom :
wo can scarce] et an: 1m sovereign or people
ee
with the hea
‘and suspicion. me i

By Roverr Mrcnee.
(Read, January 8th, 1877.)
‘Tue Russian annexation of Ferganah, the patrimony of Baber,
who was of that country in the fifteenth century, known
emitter tho late Khanat of Kholand, gaye occasion to a series
expeditions are oe so-called unruly elements of

ee: viz,, the
iz are = om eaaiedta may by cou: be

only vison with the sedentary Ux
Hie ner ballicnes' are riko ipchaks, another wandering people,
whose influence, under viziers of that race, seams to have been,

VOL, XLVI. ©

au al

ae

reid)
4
Hewat Hau

Patsy

3 Hh £3 : 44;

* Gibbon's "Decline and Wall of the Horan Exapire,’ vol. iy. p. 108,

at?) Kara-kul Lake ; passed by inl Medjid; they have

Soclety" for
eet

‘any Ad. SIS) bd Her Tuang, A, O44,
{| Benedict Goss, 1602, 4
©

to the Alai and Pamir. a

int which follows, ‘I'he Pamir, the Bam-i-Dania, or “ Roof
a World,” a plateau of 8000 to 10,000 fect altitude,* inter
i valleys and crowned with mountain-ranges,

by
sing Hah 3a Sy epg

Tt was his country of the Comedw ¢ to which the approach was

‘that retiote Roman period shown to be only from the north,

“The dry mist noticeable on the elevated Alai and Pamir
table-laniié, and alluded to in the Paper which will now follow,
peculiar phenomenon which never been ly
|. T have heard it explained as attributable to a

lectric condition of the atmosphere, in which the dis-
ed particles of sand-dust are drawn upwards ue i
‘atillness of the air until the attraction ceases, when the
tlears by the dust falling and covering the surface of the
4 with a carpet. It is mentioned by the Russo-Greek
q who, when in Yarkand in 1795, ed in regard.
hont almost the entire autumn the sky here is

hy it escape death. When the said dust falls instead of
“rain the inhabitants know that the year to follow will
‘Shundent hervests; but should ordisary rain fall, then it
taken a8 a sign that the next year will be yery unproductive;
“Gnd on such occasions certain customary prayers are said. ‘Tho
‘gid dust descends in such density that even the sun's rays ean-
‘penetrate it, and this sometimes continues seven or eight
‘This dust is so fine that it penetrates through the fluest

e following of the recent Russian expedition were
written by Captain Kostenko, geographer to the detach-
ment :—

Tif Cernedore Motann Beg. Tite Nchograpbect copy of Map to Mnatate

£0) a
Scogrophica, Noting, ty Armd Tuckbeke Tens, 1478, and
os Turkestan’ (Russian aunotated edition of : -

s perhaps, the ence of there mints that gnve rise to the
immoerae datknnus” ‘And Goythia wns wociently called

*

Utch-Kurgan, and Gulsha col hich
eae aleplepecirmpeienit)
While a military ive object, the expe-

the ist, A, Bonsdorf. Mr, W. Oshonin was charged
italy the geoge by aad natiaie af tha eet foe
to a ics of tl
ee t ont . in and - sen
as myself, were proceed to Gulaha, where we were
Reet astortral va ts pelea psctgoin to ie eee by the

commander of the expedition in person. This column was to
take the main caravan road passing from Ferganah to Kashgar,
over the Terek-Davan.

We arrived at Gulsha on the 18th (30th) July, finding that
the column had already marched out towards aay eee

Gulsha is the Russian most advanced outpost in Contral
Asia, In the Gulsha Valley, as throughout the whole of the
mountainous zone of Fer, ., the rains are as frequent as
winds. Snow falls thickly here inthe winter, and the frosts are
sometimes severe,

The Gulsha river is in flood in the month of June, when it
spreads very widely, and there is no passage across it, Ordi-
narily, pesncipel aria of the, Galata, pu ante ee
wide, and it may be crossed, though with some difficulty ; there
is a wooden bridge thrown over it to ease the transport,

Nea Non sii, No. 28, Mo, 255, Mo, 20 Ness nad No. 950 oe
a Ka Ma 95 We ‘246, and No, “Bepteraber,

b

?

bed of the Gulsha river is 4100 feet above sea-level.
ace hte Bee
fo tootaan which was Avaabing ta rg pper)

bs
i
s

ii:
rel
EE
if
Fi
Eb
F

*F

a
owing to a landslip, the horses to tread
eral Ske i of

a
the column was com) of two companies of infantry,

one division of mounted rifles, one “ sotnia” of Cossacks, wit!

two mountain guns, a rocket company, and a company of

Mie ond treoded up the Golsbi del which was very match

compressed by the mountains, and which was only in parts
covered with a deposit ct brought down from the ete

deposit of
and birth here and there to a little verdure.
of the archa, neiper hg inus wore obsery-
‘on the monntain tops in the hollows, whilst rows of

_ From Kizy)- in the road continued to zigeag for re
ve
8 pi tereay who Ms fond S excitement aoa
suspended over the dipeersssed no
trepidation, although the men an: Geely inglo
ato iL ie one from the other, m3
8 versts of Kizyl-Kurgan the detachment

called Yengi-Aryk, where, throo months rons!
Bkebelol fad serious engagement with Nhs Sue

it of § versts from the bridge the troops had to

rocks and along mountain sides, losing, however,
horse, which tumbled down Geeta

of Sof-Kurgan, the valley of the Gulsha,

road rans absvont bere or between

passes by copses of tall poplars, in one of which,

i
t
:
i
:

i

F

ia
i

Fir

i

a MICHELL on the Russian Expedition
within 2 versts of Sofi-Kurgan, the detachment halted for
‘tho night, after a march of 20 yorsts, at Kulanka-Lugai, —

2.—On the 28th July (9th August), the detachment con-
tinued its march to ih Ai ining a the way through
a wide and encountering no d jeg, the only draw-
backs bain constant fords over the Gulsha.

waists, but further on it was less deep, was
perceptibly smaller above the confluence of the Terek-Su,
ing down from the Terek-Davan,

iH
i
=
A
i
ee
;
Fi
5

fe
E
z
:

47]
i:
a
zy
578.
i
ay
Le
a

a
fy
iE
i
aie
ih

iE
:

ve
:

auemage which the detachment marched regounded
ith the voices of numerous birds, the pais interest being

'f
i
5
:
|
Es

ab evel

‘Towards the end of th fat march tho detachment emerged
from the Gulsha defile, and crossed a small mountain range of
soft clay (Kizyl-Kurt, red range), and halted for the night at the
fond sgn lod. The asp vas plished ts pltereoyun net
road agai camp was pitched in a pieturesque
after a march of 28 vorsts.

On the 29th July Odi Auaeat) te main force struck its
camp on the Kizyl-Kurt, wed Prince Witgenstein's
flying column to the Archat defile,

A stream runs through the defile, which finally falls into the

to the Alai and Pamir. 2b

“tchensk region are incomparably more varied and more beautifal
‘than those of the coun now a question.

ameadow-sweet and mountain-ash, with o sprinkling of birch,
and with varions kinds of brashwood. MG nnen
The first 8 versts of road were found easy, after which came
thentaaglags Somber re biden whey) ee
is exceeds ‘steep; the erest of is
1} verst from the foot Sf the thountsine and 1500 feat above

height of the is 10,800 feet. The peaks on either side,
by ak Sete re with the sextant, attain 15,000 feet, The
Reese eens ele eer

ing, tom! lown the precipices, but their 8
‘were near! on recovered.t

The ae Pass, further west, over which the Gulsha
colamn id have gone, according to the original plan, is
considerably less steep, und may, therefore, be more easily
‘adapted for a carriage-road. The detachment was obliged to

eeieot coronene ah vise tee chao

t ma opens to the view from the
the pass, In the eseeerond the Alai plateau, beyond it
rises the Tran#-Alai mountain range, screening from sight the
Teast known portion of the Pamir.

‘The valley, or rather the high table-land of the KiaylSu
tiver, which stretched out before us, was skirted on the south
by a grand mountain chain, snow-capped throughout its entire
extent. immediately ioe the pass rose the pe
which tho Jate Mr. Fedchenko called Kaufmann Peak, in honour
of the norgeneral of Turkestan.

‘The deecent from Archat Pass to the Kizyl-Su Valley is only
about 9 versts (6 miles) long. A rivulet runs parallel with the
defile through which lies the descent, and the sl ‘on both
sides are completely bare, while on the other the bottom
and the sides of the valley are carpeted with a tall, thick, and
succulent grass varieguted with flowers,

The Kizyl-Sa flows near the foot of the descent. The river
winds ina bed measuring one verst across, ond divided
into several arms. At this time of the year the depth of
Water in tho main channel is about 28 inches. The water is

* Tho same probably which is known to “Shart””
{¢ Prince Wilgeustein traversed this pam by night without any nookdent,

26 Micuntt on the Russian Expedition
red (kiryl), from the clay which forms the bed, but it has a

the 11th |. 8.) the detachment marched in

sonth-easterly direction, to the of the Trans-Alai range,
Witgenstein’s flying column was already

intervenin, is an undulating valley, percoptil
of water, intersect it in various ™ kinds
m with ignon, are found in the thick, succu-
lent and these are very rare in central Asia, for do
not obtain either in the Kirghiz steppe or in the Kizyl-1
nor are they fonnd in any of the steppes of Turkestan.

i a was one of 12 versta (8 miles) ; eonse-

* ‘This day's march
quently the breadth of the Alni Plain, in the section

Here General Skobelef received the elders of the Alai-

in the 80th July (11th August) Princo Witgenstein was
itehed eres His eee infantry returned into
camp, at 11 A.M. on the Ist (13th) August, from a position on
Ser nano pay ith 30 horsemen, having proceeded
er,
The who came back stated that the plateau of the
Kara-Kul was 20 much above sea-level that many of the men
bled from the nose, while several of them fainted away.
From the position at the base of the Truns-Alai range this
troop of mounted infantry had marched about 27 versts (18

* Warm enough for the officers to retain only theft tinen frocks,

+

creature was ‘on the way. ‘A boattoring of

‘horns of the arkhara* (Ovis Poli) was the only of life
Biirereatiy ected renee of altitude the detach

‘crossing a second range of no I~
‘mont came ‘neh ht of a nage ales the Rar-Kul, lying within
85 versa (43 miles) of the northern base of the Trang-Alai
Mountains. plateau is surrounded by high, snowy moun-

‘surface wasslightly frozop. A river issnez from it in an easterly
direction, towards Kashgar, which, according to the gui wos
only a leisurely ride of six days distant. The flying column
found noithor fodder nor fuel. “Generally speaking, tracks

ir ix suid to wenr an ax of the most
extreme sterility and deaolatencas, giving evidence af a most.

i Skobelef equipped a mounted division of rifles,
which he itched to Prince Witgenstein, who was on the
Kare-Kul e. It was suggested that I should accompany
this flying column, which started an hour after the issue of the
order, ‘The men took provisions for six days, and I provided
myself with only the strictest necessaries, such as warm clothing,

for my horses, and a supply of provisions.
We marched out of camp at 9 P.m., when it was pitch-dark,
| oe slow! and cantallst and principally trusting to the
of the horses to pass safely over the broken ground,
and althongh the furrows were not deep, their margins were
like those of fissures, and tho ground was also riddled by
Marmots. °A seven versts' ride over the Alai plateau brought
‘our troop to the Kizyl-Yart defile in the Trans-Alai Mountains,
which ix formed by a stream of the same name flowing in
several branches through the southern portions of the defile
; in a smooth bed, so thickly studded with boulders that the

horses had to tread with great circumspection. Turning to the
loft along an affluent of the main stream, ads fing up
the second or upper portion of the defile, obstruction
enused by these boulders was found to be still greater, Fortu-

se i th foal; tho male te called gai, or gh, coding to

ein a
5 or Giaes toe ay ie “a o24 iH
us eau bulwee Halll HeauE
i Dt Won wh He nitid
a alle tis: te p RH aii
| Hani ntl 7h Hep auig
aR tts eee eterna ua

H Hyd 1 He une SHIGE
q Msi aieP anes ails

to the Alai and Pamir. 29

Gradual descent of 12 versts (8 miles) we came to a

ht on the banks of a small stream flowing into

Tete a pate 2 versts fo ie ne

a following da brent 15th), I undertook an
i the i tere ate portion of the lake is

0 islands and eather of Tand rtete the appearance
ofa Ital oes tie intersecting hq iake fier north from north
to: islands ine to the north sess,

i alent wri i by ‘a narrow neck of land, likea
about 250 fathoms Tong. and about 10 fathoms wide,
neck is considerably raised, being formed of a eand apt

: thy the proving north wind. The island is 8 versts
uae vyersts wide, and consists of gand hillocks covered

it mts of caimeetise like flattened skulle. Large
ie, be schist project here and ey sees ae ee of

set U] most vertically. 1 locks rise:

about 600 feet or 700 a above the lake, so that both sides of

the lnke are visible from their tops. The surlnce of the island

is sterile, which renders it quite unfit for habitation by man ;

yet men oa i eviden' a frequent it, for 1 ea the
‘tracea of and horses, and a fresh hare-track.

of adtloes ‘of the Ovis Poli or arkhara, with the ear

‘those animals, lay scattered about. Teounted eight pairs. The
ele of low land projecting into the lake were in
covered with verdure; from the quantity of feathers abont,

flights of birds, such as wild foe tnd ducks, as well as
evidently alight hore.

‘The dimen: of the island seem to be increasing, for there
would to have been lakes and bays over some of the low
‘sale surface of these depressions is now covered with

“magnesium, which the sot in ot met et had time to cover, and

~ whieh snow. A rude piercin;
gitens rite toe the maa, - inning at 2 as od

Saeed Paes more violent . \¢ hard sandstone
to the wind is strongly affected by it, Some of the

“a are Trae drilled. In ie of the violent gusts of wind,
to the top of the ighest elevation, and was well

for my pains. A magnificent scene opened to tho view,

re mountain circle seemed to spring directly from ont of the
‘Water, ly looking at its own rollection in the glassy lake
whose nanire lave ‘the feet of the hela hts Ina direction
awash and in prolongation of the il n which I stood,
there stretched a high sand ridge, se} the island by
astrait 1 verst wide and 5 yersts in le are This ridge was at
one timo an island, but is now o promontory. It areas to
me that I was in the centre of a gigantic crater filled with

to the Alai and Pamir. $1

numerous signs of men and domestic
jak, or tezel, found on these spots was used

‘the air was hot, but at night the thermometer
informed by the

t.). We natives who
rained

"
E

Ee
if
ae

H
rE
bp
!
i
fi

ich fulls is generally swopt away by the

in i i in reference to this Inke, I will
ph Sae dena enemies
lovel of the Jake rises. ‘Phis is not an impossibility, and I
ity of verifying the statement on the Kara-Kul,
which we caraped rapidly filled on Thuraday
following morning it was swollen. twice again
lion eavichies re

i
i

Hie
é

ESS

za
Fe

measure known to the Prince from the accounts of » native who

od at the time to be with the main column, 60 that 1 was

to go on without a guide, Provisions ware taken for

nr little porty started on the 6th (18th) Augnet,
marching along the eastern margin of,

over a wide plain between the in of the
of the snowy range ‘ing the This
was from 5.to 6 versts wide, but contr: at one point to

0, for the most part, is friablo, sandy (from a saline
closer to the mountains it is of a sandstone

ea

FTE STE,
Line
Seles fl
[i
iH
Ht
in

of confirm
e Kara-Kul. Having marched 24 versts (16 mile),
he

for the night in the mouth of a defile emitting

(19th) An, kept to th jin for 4 ts
we e lor 4 verst

then turned Gite Ala-batal ( led mare) defile,

of the fine wool!) ‘how, "Ths ie, according
to Onlonal Gone Tea oc ono Tho Wen p.19}-—D

in

Hie
i
i

2
3
e

7

:
L

AEE
godess
s553he
ips
HP
i
enue
s He
ERE

Ee
i
s
A
i
|

‘After halting at t of the confluence of the Us-bel-So

ever, on the left or south side being the more clevated, attaining
isrol of the eas, goad isin
Decal wiih faguniael eddy ction
formations, cov: with fragments of schist, wl iter in the
sun. ‘ho declivities are bare and sterile, as is also the surface
of the Uz-bel-Su Valley. Small patches of in some
very sucenlent and feeding, oceur only on the banks of the Uz-
bel-Su, and along the little streams’ Es crrs4 down from the
mountains. It is this verdure which enables the nomads to feed

+ Moaning “big river” in the dialect of the Kara-Kirghiz

a

to the Alai and Pamir. 3

|e Seat saw tracea pepe ences the way up

ivalet: indeod, we mostly advan

By Racial Sar a othe
“Phe mountain ranges on cither side of Usbol-Sa Valley
Init at the sources of that river, and so form the Uz-bel a

bel Pass (12,500 fect above Senna ; one towards the
nitiré valley of the Uz-bel-Su clearly defined, and
the lower course of the the hos Si, terminating ith a snow-cay

of 16,000 to 18,000 feet height, a closed a8
Sine statedetcens
i skirted by mountains of it it 5
Bicbaesheests side bei pasta Stans ee
with snow,

‘This valley,
y eae ae he A

rationed Satvnel Yule, in mata ean of the
sources of the Amu-Daria, and

ym Kastern Turkestan. Referring to Mr. ri, Colon:
éys that the peaks of this range attain 2 000 to 21,000
sippeared to me that the range was much higher than
thix would zany, and that the peaks rise to about 25,000 or
* ‘The distance from Uz-bel Pass to this mountain

58

lional range tit down by Humboldt, and named by

him the Bolor Mountains. In recent times Russian travellers
—Mesers. Severtsoff und Fedchenko first, and then Englishmen—
the existence of the above-mentioned mountain chain,

jing that the Thian-Shan and Himalayan systems combined

rin the block which Humboldt tock for a meridional range,

# Tho late Mr. Fedchonko dieputed tho cxistonso of » meridional mango on tho
Git Wie of the Pans. Ho wld that Mr. Hayward hd simply talon tho abrupt
fide of the Pamir for a transverso mountain mange, having seen it from
Kashgar side in the month of March, when it was covered with snow, T «aw this
aus from the oyyesite sie, oa the of Auguat, and it ms

‘ts grondeur.—Kosteno,

H
:
de
a
i

HE
a
ate
i
:

F
Mi

ee
Ee
5
i

ly remark that, throughout the extent of torritory
traversed, the snow-line on the north is at 14,000 feet, and at
15,000 to 16,000 feet on the south,
the Pon Sash ( Mont of to Wossy. au0), coun’ Who econ Sm

goal Small streaks of snow lie on the peaks. I may

ty the Alai and Pamir, 35
as lees a peeeeewerenee Uxbel-Su,the

eatitia Chee oa ho ee inne at the
mouth of the little Chon-Sn defile, On the 9th (21st) August,
with a view to avoid the Ala-baital

it ik Pass, wo: toreturn
to camp on the Kara-Kul by way of the little Chon-Su defile.
Here wo found the road much moro conveniont, and not at all
Jonger than that over the pass. Although this defile bears the
ame of Chon-Su, yet the rivulet so called does not flow th
it. At the samo time the pass in the defile is hardly
eet ERA Reena illocks. ithe moat at the
defile into liege Kara-Knul is bot a small hillock,
upon which are the tombs of two Kara-Kirghiz saints. On
ing from the defile we turned to the right, leaving on our
i th three roads

a

era ncan cores ie Uz-bel-Su). We reached the camp
about 8 pat., and on the same day started forthe
‘Alai, where, on the next day, wo rejoined the tain force of the
Alsi column, ing at Arche- at the southern base of
Hip ar dei on 30 versts (L3} miles) of the mouth of the

pecbtats had viously passed up the Chon-Su
Soe ra of balla Ft ih er by a of the
itis, crossing tl ran, wag ascer>

tained, on inquiry, that the Aksu-Murg) greg pues 80 versts
(68 tales) i 0 eouth-onaterly direction on the other sido of tho
Erowa b tho that. Sreecnereyt cn Sein eta ee
ji -aspar pep eens ss arrrsnpe The oxtent of
tean is said to be the mountain, ranges.
ekirtit'are not visible Steen It is traversed.
rg eiteanrerinl es Aigucncos pie coker by a road

to

@ (emi-)instramontal survey of the id Dama over, and
mapped it on a scale of 2 versts to the inch, er he
8700 square versts po prety dar the Bamis fa ner
wn portion of the

‘The following era] observations may be made on that
tion of the Pane which hich we visited. ioe oe
The Trans-Alai Mountains, =e the appearance of an
immense vy eae ae init oe Pam siya
Beyond this range extends a in
‘thé contre, ‘This high land eee in ae ee ts
»

aH

unl! ish: SpEeee
ey Hat rt ale iy af ut
: Hee He Pare ee ai BE
iG Hut 3 iiad EAA iia! g8
PRAun a Senhi
i ecere a sree AL
ret B2ee Saeat es ities 2291255 Be
Fe eraert iia He
feutaeiieen Pe ae
iPas Maas Bae HE Hate
a ea
WS dee oF Hila

to the Alai and Pamir, 87

froge towards the morning, the ice becoming a quarter of an inch
thick. ree ere ee ae eae
nomads to the valleys below.
in the various valk sr thet da
a awiy when T visited: the island on the Lake Kara-
‘The rareneas of the atmosphere is also a source of great
discomfort on the Pamir, even in summer, yet the stories of its
effects aro somowhat exaggorated.
. Layee Papacy who are accustomed
eee ected liable to bleeding from the nose or to
5 but to the generalit of people the only inconvenience

ieagraterdielty ing and a stuffiness in the chest ;
yet one can get anette here, Returning
the Pamir to oor ‘Alni, that is, from an elevation of

ng
rl feet to 8500 feet (the position at Archa-Bulak),
esa tied reat relief; it va to us that we had ee
load from our Jere; our breathin ¢ became more regular,
and we felt generally in better spirits.

‘The Alai, with its thick tall aes pee go) us of our native
meadows, seemed to us like a Nearly the whole oe
tent of country on the Pamir which we visited is roamed over by

» though not in great numbers, and even these bid
themselves from us in the mountain gorges.

5.—On the 16th (28th) August a portion of the Alai expe-
force, viz., the mounted rifles and a rocket division,

wore moved from the position at. ‘Aroha-Bulalk tothe late Kokand
fort, Daraut-Kargan alon, ses Kizyl-Su River. This «mall de-
taeliment, under Prince im, marchod all the way along
the right bank of the KizylSu, skirting the side of the Ala

mountains
13,500 feet. tho The fie range, on ‘a other hand, is snow-
throughout its whole extent; ie this range, when the
ent passed, Ww was enveloped i ina dry mist.f
ve tho wind, raising a blinding sand, blew during the two
i (2) and Trth (28th) ‘August) march from Archa-
in Daraut-Kurgan (70_vorsts=463 miles). The wind (a

i Les, told mam unr stories in Klond obout th iftcts of thts
rarefied to fake with.os » supply of ealwmmonias,

ale speak of thea effect, oud montioua thera ap
ot oarcity of E popala on the Pasuir. In my opinion the may or tho
ie not tavtrawbick ax aro tho Ick of food for cattle, the barron

Sites of the land, wnd the cold.

fTuese dry insta wre couinen phenomenon io Kelund and on the Pamir
‘hey are cocastoned by 0 of air in an upward direstion, when an ex-

{rently Boe dus i mised which carpets tho wholo uclgubourhecd,

i

38 Micuxta on the Russian Expedition
prevailing wind in the Alii Valley) was from tho west,
Sgt rs fetta

“At Daraut-K organ the bed of tho Kizyl.8u is still more
inballon 80 that the valley is breed
aires Bo a Brushwood, however, makes its
hore! in: :
urgan is situated ht bank of the
at tho mouth of the “ atts into
which runs i bh oll
ce rt met
oT ati theta! Hw itoe
-on the samo day by General Skobelef. os cu

{o-obolience the Ttchitiik Hinghin who woul oct part he
Ce ages sapere if all the time he was on the
Alsi. Prince took hal ame

a
ssi
i
fit
i
ef
FEE

if
r Ss
E

rich, and the clayey soil enables the Kirghi
Pa PTE Merger eer eee <r
is not sown, because it has not time to ripen, snow being
ly ushered in by the month of August. Tapnall quater
on the Kizyl-Su, near the Daraut-Kargan. .
nomads occu) Reap sie ies, Seta eae
tribe of Kirghs, 0 the Tuitiand Naiman branches, They
4 thettror cae Te, ofer tuo quarter of socket abont

eT ate is, quarriea 10 erate bolow

til
iH

At 6 80 800n a8 it was possible to begin the survey, T
oe "iho ToerAgat, the valley ‘of

avila ye es and « of the range
rae sparen; ose hich Sh TertsA pis teqaniled aes

its banks,
FL atl a ree Be ar er
tumbles sheer into the deop and clea
we te PES Te atte fuk-Su ae vale, ado
itie snowy ee it_on the south, is
ai wa he jest that can be imagined,

oe eens Sates
behold a cavity, in

aul the et. has a height of from 14,000 to 15,000
feet, being cov. Se SCN in It is leas stoop
oru

of Jand overgrown with copses of willow bee and other
thickets, Thess copses ate irrigated either by springs, over
flows of the Muk-Su, or by rills from the mountains, and ate

* Juniperus proudo-sabinus,

to the Alai and Pamir. 41

called “tugn.” ‘They strotch at intervals of one verst or half
and mainly afford the Kara-Kirghiz Ciena that
shelter and means of existence which they seek,
the course of the river for about 3 versts, and saw fresh traces
‘of nomadic ; but these had heard of our approach, and
had withdrawn rds Karateghin.
is

came down eet Re formed by iin oootaeneaoh

ferces through tho south Lay Gen a eae
pierces the southern rai roi), a 6 in o
north-western direction ; the Koindy, ORR flows west; the
Suok-Sai, which falls into the Muk-Sa, bearing a courso towards.
the south-west; and finally, the above-mentioned TersAgar,
which comes in from the north. The valley of the Muk-Sa

BE
os
Es
eB
F:
Ee
2
;
+3
i
3
8
g
g

‘of the boulders. ‘The river passes into Karateghin, where it
Kizyl-So, and combines in forming the Surkhab
aflluent of the Oxus.

I am the first European who has obtained a sight of the

i
F

Su and
named river is much longer than the second, and right up to
the Karateghin territories it flows through a valley widening
out 20 yorsts (13) miles) and carpeted with grass ovor its
whole extent. This river is nob deep, and is fordable ut all
ro as far as Daraut-Kurgan; é.¢., throughout a length of
100 versts (G7 miles). The water is red in colour, from the
red clay in which it rons, The Mok-su, on the other hand,
has not so qual a length; but isa large body of wator and is
not torduble. The valley of this river is much narrower
(2 versts wide), and is walled in by wild, almost precipitous
mountains; the bottom of the valley is mostly covered with
boulders; the colour of the water is white-opaque, from its
lime bed. The bottom of this valley at the point to which I
descended is 5100 feet above sea-level. It is difficult to deter-
mine which of the two rivers is to be taken as being the main
head-water of the Surki-ib, It were, perhaps, more correct to
state that the Kizyl-Su and the Muk-Su equally combine
within the Karateghin territories to form the great river which
flows to the Oxus,

* © Bai.” probably 0 corruption of “Bu,” waler,

a a ine i urn pe ii
He 4 ; 355 a i: ua ti
j TER i (eee fal HE
ee 3 4 ; a ta PAP
pa ee ah : B abi
tay Helge Gana
j 5 F | a i I agi473
Pe Ecce Hae
hie apie nub ttia is
eae eienavinnuield

(Alai steppe) comes to « termination, and

‘the Dasht-l-Alat
ply thot of the Alai,

to the Alai and Pamir. 43

The mountains on the right or north sido of the Kizyl-Su
Valley are only about 1000 feet high; those on the left or south
her, Kut neither of them attain the snow

are forest growths of archa on the forelands of the moun-
ins, and these are denser on tha northern slopes of the
southern range.

From Daraut-Kargan the Kizyl-Su receives a large quanti
1 Ere ae mn EN pa fordable vow the
Oe peda ga mr pa 9a

‘The river rans in a great number of channels, the principal
stream boing 70 to 105 feet wide; the curront is exceedingly
ny

Ee Gest Karamuk the valloy widens to about 24 versts
(1g mile), and extends in that form for about 7 versts (43
eh tho elevation of the mountains is not so

river is with trees, On the south-west valley is
bounded by mountains of inconsiderable height, the pass over
them being visible from Great Karamuk.
‘The detachment took up a position at the base of these
to barometrical measurement, the

mountaing, valley
at this place is 6900 feet above sea-level.

7.—On the 20th Steg ‘LOth September), the detachment
marched towards the ryle Pass, en route to Vadil.

‘The shortest and most convenient road from Karamuk to
Kokand lies up the Kok-Su River ¥ (right affiuent of the Kizyl-
ae In order to enter the valley of the Kok-Su from Karamuk,
it to traverse 4 past over the Gurundu Mountains,
Which are of no great height, and which are a spur of the muin
Alai range. The most direct route into the -Su Valley,
over the Gurunda, is about 19 versts (123 miles), of which 10

@ Kiayl-Su, which is under cultivation
for barley and wheat, and then leads into the wide Djeniké
defile, throngh which runs a stream of the same name, falling
into the Kizyl-Su on the right. A series of Kirghiz winter
habitations stretches through the defile. Notwithstanding the
squalid of these habitations, the evidences of man’s pre-
sence is gl ing. I had never before seen so thick a cluster
of Kirghiz buts in one place. Here the picture is embollished
by of wheat, barley and lucerne lajenuahea), and each

gSEECE 2 S243 S35 4
ara ae
Hee at Gale
eM e es Ee ei att
HEP Per eee
| ahaa dade ae
2 at ; 12983; 2249822333 EY platens!
3 ay oe rE au Se rt 4 ee 82533
: ae i He aa dilue Gaul aiinal
2 reg Bhugh ere
Bog a aT tele if [are
+ HGgTHHY safegistiaiil

foreland are quite bare,

11th September) T
She path leads a

* “In Taahleurgan district the juniper is of a gigantic size,"—Gordan’s * Root

of the World.”

Kauyk Pass.

day, 30th August

ibe

8.—On the followi
advanced at 8 4.21, to

to the Alai and Pamir. 45

the way over piles of stones which have fallen from the roel
sides of the Kara-Kazyk defile. These sides aro erie an
grand. In some places they overhang the path. The torrent
sweeps with a tumultaous noise over the obstructing boulders,
and near its mouth it falls in picturesque cascades. ‘l'ho wild
‘ness and imposing grandeur of the scenery in the defile Increases
ag one ascends the course of the torrent. ‘The rocks are steeper
ae ipeelpeake more pointed; the path, however, does not lead
by any dangerous ledges but, rune over a soft coil. Within 3
versts (2 miles) of the summit of the pass there is a very steep
ascent to the top of the main ridge, and the path is a
During my ascent the pass was covered with snow which lay on
the mountain sides three or four versts below the crest.
reflection of the light was blinding. My horse continually
slipped on the down-trodden snow, yet I reached the top without
dismounting. For pack-animals and for weal horses this pass
is somewhat dangerous, as was evidenced by many a carcass
lying in the procipices, Tho summit of the pass is height
of 1,800 feet the crest is very narrow, having the ay set
of a wall about 28 inches thick. It is formed by a sort of opening
(about 35 or 42 feet wide) between a couple of peaks eloyen
toa comb shape. ‘The crest of the Turak in the Alai range
further west is probably tho same, tarak meaning comb.*

The Kara-Kazyk has received its name from a high
pes visible to which, in some pice ‘a resem-

lance to a stake (kazyk). Kara-Kazyk signifies black-stake.

The view from the top of the pass is very striking in its wild
grandeur. A. mass of rocky ridges and peaks seem to be
crowded together in the greatest disorder, forming a remarkable
picture of dreadful chaos, Some of theso ridges and poaka
wore, as it were, a shroud of snow, which glared most painfully
in the sun; those on the north were as yet free from snow,
and wore & greyish or brown hue.

‘The descent from the pass was more steep even than the
ascent, in conseqnence of which the path on the other side had
more turnings. Horses and mon slip and fall, and the horse-
man who foots it is wise. The descent is 2 versts (14 mile);
the road then trends over immense hillocks, which are nothing
‘but tremendous piles of stones. From under the last of
these stone piles issues a stream of water, which further on
forms tho -i-Mardon River, Tho characteristics of the
defile of this river are very much those of the bed of the Kok-Su,
already described. ‘The sides are rocky and peers with
@ foreground of soft undulations covered with archa forests

* ‘Cho wort direct route from Forganah to Ghar in Kara iow ovar th
‘Tara, but this ie w vory dificult pass, mo Reaiets be Beat

gLEveeryenreryis &
ea
GH iielaile
ee
inigigelo nee
replies eciieed §
z eebrers Z
B i ae f ce
cereale int
ae bale
ul lee

ts
al
“
au
Bra

a!

z

:

{

ii
Be
H
ee
Hi
a
Hi

‘trees from Morékona (which we left about nine o'clock) till we

emerged at Aviayy at five. In it we met no one, nor did we

see @ single house of any description, except just within the

entrance at the south-east end of our route. I saw no animals

but birds; though there were evident marks of great numbers

of wild hogs; the turf haying pean tirn np ix ay mats
roots. Al

before us, with the hills rising high on the opposite si

densely covered with trees; and from near the summit of one
of them a a eee ee Come ene Ae
the valley.” adds the following fact, which will remind an

t -

Motiens on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 49

leech, and bites like ono; the mon were seh Boe about:
the logs and fect; on the return journey I pi

plain, surrounded by hills, well wooded to the top. ‘The
mountain on the north is high, and the sea is visible from its
summit,’

After being detained by the caution and the suspicions of
the Ki his consellora, Mr. Shaw passed on southward,
and Amb6hitsivélané at the foot of the fortress hill. Ho
‘was treated mast kindly and hospitably, but was carefully and
constantly watched. ring his detention ho kept his eyes
open, and observed ee things of interest. THe says :—

“From the summit of a hill overlooking Ambéhitsivélina T
obtained a good view of Ikongo. It consists of a long, flat-
topped hill, vory precipitous on all sides, especially on the
west and north, where the faces of the cliffs are perpondicular
masses of smooth ite. The hill is about five miles long,
and about 1000 or 1500 fect above the lovel of the plain, On
the it I ‘ag Sy five towns, the ld oe south bein;
a] ly nearly as large ag Fiandrant wit Peres
ed bites. ‘fwo ied of water take their rise near this
southern town, and flow along the whole length of the hill,
descending in a clearly defined cascade, near the northern
extremity. It is prineipally owing to this fact that the people
ean effectually oy all siege a3 they can plant and sow as well
‘on the top of the hill as in tha valloy, whilst the only ascent is
£6 narrow and difficult as to require but few to guard it against
an assaulting army. During the time of and when they
fear nothing, these towns aro not oceupied to any great extent,
the people preferring to live in the villages on the plain

“Tho women here (he says) cannot weave; and the only
covering of the people consists of mats and bark beaten out
into a thin sheet. Every man travelling for cven a short
distance is invariably nrmed with one or more spears.”

Mr. Shaw had at length a most friendly reception from
Ratsiandréofana, the king of Tkongo, and it was arranged that
teachers should bo sént to instruct his people. In June 1865
‘Mr. Shaw took the teachers, and again visited the King and his

VOL, XLVIL. z

bottle, some

Gant aia? paveta-ealcien’ tn sel cdainrenyert geome
asa tint he ad a

ae ield that he had used im the wars with Imerina,

i than this.
ichopew tore inp or pone arcpiepton ne
indulated away to the cast, ina white mist, which

the gi ad wa the wa. ase haeecies that on clear
the atm terion meee ae?
among,

SST he nish he flle night,
near which we ©
Jong after dark, we arrived at ee wine

2. Visit to tro: Trans Taxxs,
‘The Théra tribes were known to live on the south and south=
‘Oceasionally

west borders of the Betaileo Province. Betsileo
and Hoyas have found their way among ae di these
recent of peace; but they have ; and
Saeiepes individuals from es the “aes "visite
to the Betsileo towns. w such
men. in the town of Ambéhimandrdso, and me coal not
but be struck by their rude appearance, their uncouth y
eee eres

ve gO juainted wi 3 and
the tribes haye learned n the Eneliahmnen jlishmen that they wore

s

be

noted two or three of car

Mouuess on Recent Journeys in. Madagascar. SL

Kind, could give medicine to the sick, and were anxious to
teach people and make them wise. Occasions were taken for

tl noble ite .
‘neti of phial Tyérayérona (‘tho selerty and
Kipaseha form conspicuous ; and_were struck with the
pet sm (apes the mabe ig T, of an ite ae ri
wl composed. Apparently the range
Ibaty, the Vira Vito, and other een red in the
rere eens My colleague and I

:

‘The say of the country here:

remarkably level tract of country, extending 30 or 40 miles
south, and twice that distance east ‘and west. ithe ulatatde marase
what higher than the plain of Tsi-inim-parihy, in which is
Situated Ambobimandroso, It is crossed and re-crossed by a
ae ane fo Sale eaten

cy

valley ina western direction, turns south; then east to a point

doubled on itself n second time: but Grandidier reports that
near the foot of Iyohibe it cuts through the granite ridge, and
becomes identified with the Ménandra. The point needs further
uiry. further west, through Ivily and Kivory, with
their numerous cattle, Messrs, Shaw and Riordan came into the
valley of the Central Lbira, with Thdsy as its chief town. They
describe it thus ;-—
“Thésy, a town of 220 houses, stands in the centre of an.
‘extensive valloy, through which, from south to north, runs the.
River Thdsy, in its course to the Tximandio. This plain is

gage ek pec esr tpl acd we
eral

En
ie is; a ue az pa2252
: be sale wun init
ee nipalanecid ajliins
lene i fear ee
$ ig Bais tre 383 23 2f55 rery qvezs #3
: al uh ith H roe Hie Han
S eyiiie: sei ea 22 sEseae gnu?
ij nile Pt Sree SHEE
ia endl Taal
HEE EE MpiGd orl iui
lata eng fora
fi
Aas 3

Muttews on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 53
Cet appearance of hair i: a is eae

its ascent is not go difficult. Like it has a lake of
water on its summit, which overflows and forms a con-
cascade on the northern side, This eared eae

h ee ieiise aor seete elie a. ae

ab the gate to ask the usual questions about the healt ‘ot Her
3 } Fp eaey en tht a yee {mate tng
hat house I liked, and take whatever I wanted,

me a house, and bi ais. snd my

al suj of provisions, in Mics @lanteaR

MULLENS on Recent Journeys in Madagascar.
and we informed hom ctiaa eM
rae By

eoming.”

‘ice, and manioe, together with firewood. N¢
th chief bed essombled, and wo 4 ft
of our

Both
prepared.
‘course

SEH
A i UF
Hy ry
ane
ee a} se
3334 E 2 Hi
eae
425528292
HOHE anh

Be = and travelled through it the entire

bee aH. i

ue

Bley 4 nie

gin32 uf dont

a é Le picks ty

: TERE net :

Hee

a i ees bases ity?

20g UE eaaaae
Beskee F a3 He a

iy u jie es i
32 AS

ae HGHAl

Monuzss on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 55

2000 to 3000 feet above the valley. Between these bold head-
ands we could count four or five waterfalls, two of thom falling
ina ribbon of foam) several hundred feet down
dicnlar of rock. Between the opening points of this
valley could be seen a com, ly level iting country
with patches of wood, and windings of the river nana.
On 4 grocn hill on the north sido of the valley stood a of
houses, which we were glad to hear was Tvdhitrosa. i]
we found was 700 feet above the stream atite foot. The Tindla
Coie resey eid kindly set of folks, and are most
friendly. ac Sapling watches,
compasses, knives, pencils, &c., and quite entercd into our
wishes to get to know their words for various things, At this
"gaat y rear ag ebro
y one great step to the coast plains, rather than by two, as it
i fetta ane The stream at the foot of this hill is only
500 or 600 feet above the sea; for we came down 2500 feet
yy: and the two lines of forest which are farther
north when going to the east have here united into one.”

onder to get a good view of the difforent gorges and their water.
falls. Bredsnaaae atinsmain blleec tlle gedionch

even. from thore it was a grand sight.
“The Betsileo dialect is altogether broader than the Hova,
and the conzonantal changes are numerous The final tra th
change into faa; the n after the accented syllables has a
sound like ag; the ¢ in pronouns and adverbs of place is
omitted ; oon iy is i; iza, ia; aiza, aia, &e.; the final na ix
cut off; eg., lala, olo, ovia, &c.; and v drequently becomes b.
Tt seems probable that these shorter forms are the original
forms of the words, and that the Hovos, from their liking for
strong consonants, have added the terminal na and the le =
to strengthen the eound, in the samo way as they now add a

56 oun er Taner Segoe

Seatac. te oc ecto, Fee

Besides this, te pe aS yy diferent
Poche yper ees ete eet ee ores, pa
Laat spoon, &e., are
different names to used by the Hovas; an’ ite Shas
ee Pa wo mei
je southern

“The Tanila dialect seem fo difor fram the Botsileo in not
Be fee but to rine itin

perticulars as to their customs,
Tete cae for the iowa ‘are all ‘ferent fron those used
in Imerina, and are as follows :-—

1, Volasra, 5, Sakasay. 9, Sacramanitra,

2. Faosa, G. Sakave. 10. Vatravatra.

& Moka. LL, Zonjo.

4. Hinhia. 8. Saramantey. 12, Hsia.

‘They have no names for the week-days, and indeed no division

thom by ee anes the lunar months aro

out of
faces immersed. ac uae ee Bo
prs Sr sn nrecags, more then 9 jusrter of the children born
made of a

“Te Many of thew Tala oary hil, which oe of
circular ‘piece of tough wood, about 18 inches diameter, and
covered with undressed bullock's hide. They have a handle
ent out of the solid wood at the back. The women in thie
Mititénana eel carry a broad knife or chopper stuck in

Oy tn shape p batober’e chovves; bat WE
a shy rund and jis is used for cutting up manioc and
nine ree ane se Ae ‘isifra, and in others

“The countr: all Store ee is eal there is a great
deal of wood, but much o hills are low and
rounded in form; whilo Bahied ar ib aie ent the Dae
deep blue, irregular outline of the higher plateau, with some
prominent points towering above the rest, Among these, to the

MuLLens on Recent Journeys in Madegascar. 57

the long of the interior plateau; but at no great
distance from where we descended from it, it sinks abruptly

Thrahima (descendants of Abraham); and they say thoy aro
‘Jiosy mihitsy’ (altogether Jews), and have many customs
derived from tho Jows. But what these were we could not
asvertain ; und there is certainly nothing in the appearance of
the people, either in colour or features, to distinguish them
from the majority of Malagasy. There is no doubt, however, that
the Arabs have at some former time had a settlement

‘on some other of this south-east coast, and to some small
extent taught the use of Arabic letters. This probably gave
rise to the statement in some old works on Madagascar that
Malagasy was a dialect of Arabic. An intelligent young man,

en Rn

ile HY beds
Hi fle Sy ili rf i i Hel

eapremee ree abaie
ee
Matos all

tho
ned
thoy say)
he
view 5
it. This
or 14
‘s
miles.
about
not
ye coast,
ives, and. Ww:
coe
Kewanee
ant
ann
dforta in
amd
elose
ity of ah
iv
a
Ranavilona’s generals, Over large

amount of of
ar

have
Radéma’s

dial = wil g
Hanae qa fil Lae ane

(7h

Mvnrens on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 59
the male whose heads were above the armpits of the

|, and. women
and children taken as slaves, so that a proportion of the
slaye population of Imerina are desce: from the Taiméro,

ere,
called Taivdnona and Taisdnja; of these a chief called Raibéhy,

H ax
aes of thee ‘Téndla, at tho Taitoro seb easyer
no difficulty in going amongst them. in!
this nejghbouhood ss called Zikabno. al
“We ascertained that it was oye week's journey from Van

colony the west of the island, and are called Masotéilka.

ascend
as far as it ie navigable, which is for several days’ journey, and
80 get into the interior of the southern portion of Madagascar,
a Estriot as yet perfectly unknown to Europeans, and probably
to the Hovas as well. Except the Mangéro, the Minanéxa

60 Mutens on Recent Journeys in Madagascar,
the largest river on the east coast, and rises far in the interior

‘the line of forest.* From all accounts thore is o
Lesirt ag one further west. Both to ie i
the bo divided into

north of Vi 10 ee ant
tribes who live on the banks of the different

ire
BEE
&
e

many cases are called after the names of these rivers; while
is a tract of uninhabited land halfway between each
‘Throughout and on their return, they speals o-
peatedly of in and itality with which wer
Frelommsa their native etiee At Ankérana, ate Bibreo
“The was I think the longest, and certainly was the
entertainment at which I have ever assisted. About a
score of the officers were at the table, and seven of the ladies,
After a from the pastor, dinner was brought in, and
consisted of the following courses: Ist, Seep eS
roast pork ; oe oe ace atest: fowl cutlets
Boned eget Vestas av 7th, boiled 3 8th,
sardines ; pigs’ trotters ; 0, fried bananas; Vth, pane
cakes ; , mangahiizo; 18¢b, dried bananas ; and, last, as I
thought © must have been served, came hunches of
roast fall ‘waa finished up with coffee, By taking a
constantly diminishing quantity of each dish I managed to
to do ice to them all. Claret went about very
» and ut last some much t liquor; and tho healths
of the Queen, ‘Our friends the two then those of
ee fae tlle relbhey net
ek vio oer, the iS ie SCS Cis ed by

wie deca
seaag the the ‘iT noticed that the vil in the
An eagle He ES

Suey ae reason of this : Ambohi; ipa
Méhaménina, ONT erpeee ‘are situated in the volleys
Suporte rivers, while Ankérana has evidently er,

‘on account of its strong situation, commanding a

Lae it of Gi sents p Over « low range of sit
“A eee are soon; one of these,

hee pits s is said, occupied more than

selected
w of an
to

“We have been interested in finding that many of our

Ls Tits upper portion Is tho Ménardhaha,

Mowiens on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 61

bearers have met with their relatives in these coast provinces,
Many of their mothers were brought up from these parts as
slaves, when ehildren, in Radima’s wars. The most re-
markable circumstance was that onr cook discovered that ono
of the Governor's wives at Ankuirana was his mother’s sister.
And at the same place another of our men found that the chief
Bogie of the Taiséka vil wero his mother’s brothers.
“While taking our lunch in one of the houses we noticed

the primitive dishes and 1s used by tho le. ‘Tho
fern consist of a piece or the ares tou hava of the
nne-tree, here called fandrana, and the

loaves fet

‘his is doubled over at one end so as to retain rice or liquid.

eras iepoane sre pices of Ha Laat ct the traveller's-tree,
‘up so a8 easily to carry food to the mouth. ‘This pandanus has
a fruit, yellow in colour, and something in shape and size like
@ pine-apple without ita tuft of leaves. When dry, it is brown
in colour, and each hexagonal division, when separated from
the rest, is like a tough wooden peg.”

At several points, on both the ontward and the return
journeys, Messrs, Sibreo and Street observed masses of trap-
rock, scoria, lava streams, and the like; and it is evident that
the volcanic ions so patent in the north and centre of the
island have not been wanting in its southern districts.

“Tn three small ravines running down to the shore there
wore old laya streams, some cut through by the action of water,
and stretching out into the sea. ing a village called
Loharino, we presently came to an extensive mn, extending
northward for four or five miles, and formed by the River
Itampdlo, before it reaches the sea. This appeared to be the
first. (from the south) of that remarkable series of lagoons
Bordering the shore, and extending, with but few breaks, as
far north as Hivdndrona, near Tamataye, a distance of 260
miles. Along the southern side of this Ingoon are masiex of
Java rock, some of it in enormous blocks.”

Journeying along the sea-const, at length they reached the
Mannnjara River, nearly a mile wide. “We canoes and

at the bar; and so, after dark, reached Mésindrino, on
the northern bank of the river, and close to the sea. There is
no town called Mananjéra, but this Misindréno is the ladéana
or port; while half » day’s ue: up the river is Itslathsika,
the Hoya fort, with a governor. This is the largest. town wo
had seen since leaving arinteda. Tt has an air of neatness
not very common in this country, and there are numbors of
well houses standing in spacious court-yards,

mostly to French ‘of whom theré are no fewer
a ie ae here, waits way into the town we were

4. Jounser 0 vas Wusrer~ Saratavas.
Fow of little kno the western
Phat eT ey

forests. orale ports on the coast French and English
farther side. ‘This unknown region has now jerced.
English travellers; the veil has lifted, and we know what
the lnnd contains. A

result.

rao kaos Wan Sal esiabeea by eae Perel and
Pickeragill, in June, y commenced ee i
four days’ distance Di en ems a edge of re
meus sogice nes Lake Ty They say:

“We had travelled but a fow hours west of Mihatsinjo before

MULLENS on Recent Journeys in Madagascar.

Monnens on Recent Journeys in Miudayascar. 63

Sie here ane e arae tions, except here and there a
few huts enlace err anc brraph ee or preer ery two
military stations not far from each other. & day's
Fram Ma ced er Sd, which is
about 100 yards and th lille ines hse
faerie crite saben p etienannietrs: eistet

ch ath ge eo
nothing of it was seen except on which we were
tng, dw: th wa giao or hal

eS rr, Spray Wied ray be ries ted

“About two daye’ journoy font Méhatsinjo we reached

a small station on the Danks of the

ap Ve iad stayed to dine at another still smaller

Special iy tidoheutre cle uy fel rereheipe ler en
in] vo, mi us feel yery much for 1a

Boe condemned to live flee h ‘Phoyswere fates

with a few houses connected with them; and the

whole were surrounded by a thiek fence of prickly pear. That

yards in widt were but.

bosides the Governor; nobody could read ;

‘their lives. At Téni ry it was a little 4

“Antsirdamandidy tool us by surprise : it is @ largo town

having from 150 to 200 houses in it. It is

Fy isolato d in tho midst of the waste; but it is a

stopping p “ing for almost ull who travel between Tmerina and
‘those parts in the west which are subject to the Hova.”

Starting from this point with provisions for four days, they
say:

*At noon we reached anothor military station, Mérovitana,
eeeces se xxy webed seen, Tho there wore the
saw till three days afterwards we looked upon the plain

in which A Ankaviindra is situated. Tn some parts of the exten-
sive waste through which we travelled there are great numbers
_ of wild cattle, and every dry season many of the natives iGre
‘Héva and Sakaliva) oro engaged in ca ing and taming
On our return journey we met a party of about 200 men thus
Boca ta hes Reppert ech rt of our district
it was interesting to be tecognisod by them as one who

ip

‘Two or three times also we met wil , started:
before us like The Al therey oo eae
sinjo had few objects of interest. ‘The last, morning's
eee Oe ORE AIAG a ee ONY Pa
fimit j and saw glimpses now

brond plain ia which Ankavéndes. Tes ‘The descent, no ae
plain was yery steop. ‘The table-land on which wo had been

z
é
Piisg
=
&
iB

?
2
E
:
[
-
i
f
ae

i

lain, there is but one slight impediment ica toon
its up the river from the sea to Ankavindra. ‘This impedi-
ment is about a day's journey to the west of Ankaviindra,
where the river finds its exit from Expatica ea

hills on the western side of it, The proper name of
vandra is MiAdanarivo, Ankayvdndra being the name of @ river
which rans close to it, and from which its supply of water is
obtained. ‘The town contains probably as Jarge a Hova popu
lution ax Antsirdumandfdy, with perhaps an equal number of

Sakaléva li in its immediate vicinity,

“We set off to Andrinonandriana (another military station
a short day's journey north of Ankavandra) on Saturday morn-
Minambélo,

ee delightful one, The road was tolerably wre aig

they furni
opvared acclrole nf abou 80 yarda in diameter, and there were
many whose branches oxtended over a space of 20 yardsin width.

Muiuess on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 65

“On Wednesday morning we left Ankavindra and com-
menced our journey south to The country during
the first day's j¢ Sosa rails Be sae ia aoe
Andi a, except perhaps that we xaw more Sikaliva

, ilsgee But tho second and Third days and the first part of
_ the fourth were more wearisome both to us and our men than
any other portion of our journey from first to last. I should
suppose that the plain of Ankavindra is about 20 miles across,
but there rons the middle of it a of very low
hills, which seem mostly comprised of sand, with lege numbers
of quartz and other pebbles rounded by the action of water, and
the wholo thinly covered with short grass. What had been
the previous state of this wide plain, and under what cireum-
‘stances the water had acted upon these pebbles (we could not
see the slightest trace of shells or former animal life) we often
tried to imagine, but could come to no conclusions ; but tho
effect of the pebbles on the fect of our men was unmistakable,
ond two weary days we spent in getting over them. Not that
the whole journcy was a wilderness. We crossed a large river,
the Itondy, which forms a very important branch of the
Minambélo, and this was See: by luxuriant vegetation ;
‘and at the close of the second day's journey from Deeeriasiese
‘just as the sun was setting and whilst still near this river, we
‘were for a while quite at a loss to know how we were to get
through the tall prickly reeds, which, with a small but deep
stream of water, seemed effectually to stop our progress.”

After another weary journey over the stony plain, and con-
tinued struggle with ihe recds and nettles, they reached
Tindinandiza. The river they found 150 feet lower than the
Manambélo at Ankavdndra; but the town is on a low hill, and
on the same level as the latter.

“On Monday we ascended a hill to the south of the town,
that we might be able to soe the large river which runs to the
west about a day's journey to the south. All the rivers from
the Sakiy, a long way to the north of Itasy, to the Mania, a

river which flows through the country of the Betsileo,

in one great river about 30 miles to tho south-west of
I diiza. After the junction of the Sakdy with the Kit-
simby there is a very fine waterfall or remarkable rapids,
almost due south of Iméoandiza. We had a great desire to go
and soe the falls, but it would havo kept us at least threo days
# on our journey, The river there is called Tsidfadré
and these rapids must sivas present insuperable
to the navigation of the river further into the interior ;
it from that point to the coast, probably about 80 miles, there
_ seems to be no impediment. ‘All the natives who spoko of this

YOU. XLVI. ¥

fermen
Im Mr. Pi ill was engaged with the sick,
His tad Woot bs eiick dusartet ob aaa ra by those who
wanted medicine coming to him at all hours of the day, that

in the town, The poor soldiers were in most deplorable state ;
they were badly fed, badly clothed, and had been again’ and
Md Sovis.-provalect during smuslets
Tao ihe pra Iaig wa cin)
‘rom a wearisome
i! pee poo Ne are 150 ap, brought dae
again to the Mandri , from whence they had set out.

8
:
3

5, Tnnovan Tae Axativoro To SouNAKs West.
A fifth journey was undertaken in June last tes entirely

Sthdnake tribes, and
were brought hither during his wars by Impéinimérina, some
ninety years ago. The Anétivolo marks the first groat fall in

Motsens on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. 67

the ground on the north side of the central plateau. “The
high ground which forms its southern Seneaieng alae ie the
Po aoe of the great Imerina Pistesni which,

Angi he Anite ral a Sahat ankeee aaueeiie
vO. lain, shut in cast, sede soul
lofty hills, exi northward, with alternations of low

rising rs ey 4 mean elevation of from 3000 to 2300 feet
above mace ed een on dics chy ssatrane a away,
Along the whole extent of this Jarge district, is of
alluvium and red porous clay, easily disintegrated by the
of wind and rain, Tn many places on our journey we
wholo ea aoc had eval niga ivan awa,
tropical torrents, formi recipices of sometimes
in depth, and chasms ii reitthes ra shelter luxuriant
find a congenial mie end in which Roqsenlly large
of cattle are fa are fenced off and protected from the winter.
The tending of erry a a somewhat larger scale, and
cultivation of nie siees suigar-cane and méingahdzo (munioc) ‘i paananey on
Somewhat small scale, form the chief occnupat

ree a

iad

iy

‘over the x clay hills to Andriopisika,
ae m River, cl Beye conspicnous wooded. hill er
léna; and resting at the stations of Andrénomidntra and
jifatra, which didier has placed on his map, they
pescenred' atthe foot of one of theta his of the northern
districts, the hill of Véambéhitra. aioe era “Ite Froneees|
egnt, black, basaltic mass had boen visible for several

~ mow towered. Grandly some 2000 fect abave the plain. wel
‘at its foot, we had a good view of this noble mountain, Its

| morthorn front appeared to extend about four miles, presenting
~ ablaff precipitous face of black basaltic rock. It rises about
i cae from tho vall pati its ee i scarcoly bo _
fect_above
sembles
‘three

eesti Goal Hope,”

bles Table Mountain at nthe ge of Good Hope. For
days at least, on our farther northern journey, it was still
‘the most conspicuous landmark, and we afterwards kept it in
| view for several days longer on our eastward course to Am-
lf wola and Ambatondrazika.”

At Méraféno, a fow miles beyond Véambéhitra, they on-
| ped on the banks of the Bétsibéka, here become a consi

te

viver. Passing Ambddiaméntana, one of Grandidier’s

er ascended an isolated moor, some 4500 feet above
sen, an

the next tino reached the important Hova fort

rahdja.
nf Sain is * Donutifl for situation.’ It stands on
yery verge of the high table-land over which we “ ‘eee

6s Moraens on Recent Journeys in Madagascar.
Pee eats ee
sea, it commands a niralioont re
of the ied the Botibole tho ts Aoeii and the Maha-

jimba on the north, as fur as ee pate om Anibal e

the pls below; afer chicka

feet bs ps sees r rie eh al foot vol leads by easy
stages, to

Close to it, on oie ea pare the peak at es eT Ch
ferentiation ed thee

© cen!
itisa place of 0 rae bs Tes Seale ase un-

ueually intelligent, and far iore advanced than the occupants
of other towns on the route. And the rustling of silk dresses,
ens the display of French hats in the little settlement church,

with a fair knowledge of the latest hymns, and
a ey hospitable and kindly welcome to the friends who had
come to instruct them,”

Kept
micegs ‘and then descondin, hollows and ridges alter-
eely, sl ae they ea cbetes i jorthern teh the

lateau, and tl from:

the ve lan, but. ae the coast. + ignorance was lament-
able in the extreme, In the hia of Antsimpandrino, the
Tittle pe population of 200 perrle, including sererdT oo soldiers, were
trite a at the sight of two live Englishmen, and at once ran

ie Ampirafirayéla they rested with the fine old Governor,
an excellent man in every way, and then prepared to cross the
Alaotra Lake. After narrow paths, swamp, and bog, they at
length found three small canoes to carry them across the water.
* the least leaky of the three for ourselves, Mr. Lord
and I, a the rowers, launched forth into the dim unknown,
But, alas! the craft proved unseaworthy. An unfortunate
rower became oppressed with a senso of his vast responsibility,

ron Ys yrintty completed tha She 6 pouaree
rapid narrow gul overarel inable zozbro;
H if ree ar Buick cia nant, weird-look-

then into a wide, oj lel et
ing water, abounding crocodiles and wild fowl; then up
one or two rivers, whoso strong currents, flowing into tho

MuLtEns on Recent Journeys in Madagascar, 69

Alhotma, more than once nearly capsized our keelless vessel ;
then into the narrow pulleys again, with the rashes overhead
s0 dense as to resemble a dark tunnel; and 60 on, until two
hours after dark; now and then hopelessly aground, our boat-
man not daring to put his foot even outside for fear of the
crocodiles! At last, however, between 8 and 9 p.at., we landed
at Antinibiio, Ren experience during the night adventures
ag unique a3 had befallen us ep ee day.

“A strange, uncanny sort of a place is this Antinibho. The
people are utterly heathen, and many of them had never set
‘eyes on a white man before. Yet (as Paul and his companions
once found after a more eventful and disastrous
ours) ‘the barbarians showed us no little kindness.’ ‘e had
bronght nothing with us but our beds and a few candles, all our
food and nearly all our men being on the other side of the lake,
So the people of the house kindly gave us food, and lent us their

19 ts to cook it in. And then, how they questioned
me about my Price’s Patent Candle! * What was it?" * Would
it burn for ever?’ * Did it never become shorter?” and so on.
But os we prepared to lie down on onr stretchers, ominous hints
fell from the master and mistress of the house about vdaldvo or
rats. We, in our turn, began to ask questions; and were told
that the rats came up from the lake by hundreds, and overran
and devoured recy thy that came in their way, Then our
host, and hostess mounted a bedstead consisting of a mat. or two
resting upon eee of wood, suppo! by poles raived
Sor Gfeet above the ground. Over this, and suspended from
‘tho rafters of tho roof, was a rough looking bag, into which our
host and his wife crept, and then they were secure for the night.
Not so we; for I had not slept above an hour, when a flap
‘against my face, and a succession of most unearthly noises,
startled me, and I awoke to find the room dark, the candle out,
rats racing over me, and tho house all in a commotion, In-
visible creatures with wings were flapping and flying about in
all directions. it be? Another bang againat my
face, and the rats venturing into still closer proximity, roused
me to strike a match and light the candle again. Away go the
rats by scores; up the walls, along the floors, into corners and
‘out of the holes in the roof, But the real disturbers of the

turned out to be a flock of young goslings, who had re-
mained quietly roosting in a corner of the room until the pro-
glare ‘of ay Pees Patent had beguiled them ito
imagining it was morning, and then discovering after all that
the luminary was but an intruder, they ono and all with whiz!
Aap! and flutter! went bolt through it, and most effectually put
fitout. I amused myzelf through the night watching them, ew

Motress on Recent Journeys in Madagascar. a
=<. wal, which has given us a roisod in tho centre

S
&
=
=

noticed also that, as the granite walls om the east
aro lofty and little broken, except along the terrace of Ankay,

dennd:
the Betsibdka and Toy eiaeesi(G ‘on the north and north-west),
and the Mania, Tsiribil en wd ny (on tho west) gathor
into themselves streams of water, which rise even on the. rad
edge of tho eastern granite itself. One thin, sie temecreits
to be examined, No traveller has yet those localities.
in which these important rivers leap over the outer edge of the
La peaeeenct the island on to the lowest terrace, which oxtends,
\ore.
foes tie alsa eruptions which were known to have ne tee
wide spread, are now seen to have spread pete iene stil i
and their results are traceable on the south-east coast, in
Tbira country and in Voambéhitra. Mew countries in the
world, of #0 limited an area as Madagascar, bear witness to-
yoleanic action 20 enormous as this,
“No addition has recently been made to our knowledge of the
secondary formations in the district around the coast,
4 5. es the rete eo eee of the Mission.
avo at attention to the asy language, and have-
prorieest eter ofa new asl more complete Wee
examination mury's Voes
fon Cae the substantial oneness, of ie mie iar spoken
island. More than sixty ar cent of the words
used by Drury’s Sékaléves arc virtually the same as the Hova
words of the same meaning in use at the present time, ‘The
strength of the Malay element in the Aangruage is indisputable.
‘Then, again, the ‘Aftioan element has not fully examined,
‘but is Lecoming more clear. The Rey. W, E. Guia saya: ie

72 ~~ Bucttanan on the Distribution of Salt in the Occan,
have been examining Bishop Steere’s Kiswahili es

the sh a ce, dollar, ioe Ce es sr, per &
©

Some of
worst fund wee of las tnt ld marly hearin
by traders visiting the western coast, See oe ae eee

in the r. Steere told me that the Mal
named by. the ibar people ‘Mékalilao,’ or

ly because they brought with
them. All these, and kindred matters, are certainly deserving

more attention than we have rel tlt 2
6. In all the districts exam: inna tr
the aoe has had to ys sein

to be almost ie But. another spel has
witnessed, in all directions an earnest desire for im-
provement. Wherever: the English teacher his visit is
Tralioned; his words of counsel infuse new life; his books are
ased ; his assistant-tenchers are usked for. Little Progress
boon mad jade in regard to roads, and the conveniences of
civilisation are not eagerly sought after, ‘Time is wanted for
right ideas to blossom and bring forth fruit. But the vision
the future is bright; its interpretation is sure.

IV.—On the Distriéution of Salt in the Ocean, as indicated by

the Specific Gravity of its Waters. By J. Y. Buowanax,

Chemist and Physicist in the Challenger Expedition.
(Bead, March 12th, 1877]

Dounra the cruise of the Challenger 1 made a continnous and
extensive geries of obsorvations on the specific gravity of the
seawater, with instruments constructed under my own direc
tions, and calibrated by myself. ‘Tho instrument used for all
the determinations was a glass hydrometer, weighing 160-0405
grammes, with stem divided rs 100 millimetres, and of such

* Beo p. 6 and Inat,

f

as indicated by the Specific Gravity of its Waters. 7

calibre that the divided portion (100 millimetres) had a rolame
of 08607 cubic centimetre. The coefficient of expansion of the
instrument was Seedy determined; and as it was
‘on all occasions to |, certainly to one division, and
on all ordinary occasions to half n division, the determinations
aro to be relied on to the extent of 5 in the fifth decimal place.
‘The weight of the instrament could be increased by addition of
weights on the top of the stem. The reetltay iso Ae ae
‘the determinations of the weight and yolume of the instrument,
which were made with the greatest care. The specific gravities
#0 observed were redi to their value at 15:56° C, by
Hubbard's Table of Dilatation of Sea-water,* and T may mention
that I found the data in this table confirmed by numerous
‘obsorvations on the same water at different temperatures under
the most favonrable circumstances, ‘Che wntt adopted has
boon the density of distilled water at 4 0. In using the word
saltiness as equivalent to specific gravity at standard tempera
ture, we arc justified by tho researches of Gay Lussae and
; at the sume time it must be observed that we only
make uso of this equivalence between yery narrow limits
(1:024-1'028), within which it undoubtedly holds without
ible error, As in this Paper we are occupied more with
the relative than with the absolute amount of salt in different
perts of the ocean, it is not of much importance for us to know
what amount of salt actually does correspond to a given specific
jity; but it may be here noted that, according to Erman’s
investigations, the weight of salt in 1000 parts of
Water of different specific gravities is—
Sp. gravity -. o» 1°026 1-020 1-027 1-028
Salty, per mille .. 83°765 35049 30°M3 — BT-O3T

‘The source of the salts existing in sea-water is rock-substance
which has boen disintegrated and decomposed by atmospheric
influences. ‘The soluble components or products washed out
by the rain, and collected in the streams and rivers, are eventu-

ly poured into the sea. Hero the water is subjected to the
action of the sun and winds, which causes it to evaporate, leavin,
tho salts behind, A great quantity of tho vapour eo form
is carried inland, and condensed on the mountains, washing out
‘the rock and taking up a freeh charge of solid matter which it
brings down into the sea, which is thus the great receptacle of

land. As we know that all rivers, at present, hold
‘more or leas solid matter ia solution, the sea must be continually
getting salter, and must have been doing so since its creation.

+ Maary’e ‘Sailing Direotions,’ vol. i. p, 287.

to the areas of prevalence of the north-east
jo Baa SEL ie he = on actively, and a zone
ani amount of rain call tea fost ieee loanie

the
tho ad will be formed which will constitute a
abe ne supply of carbonates in the water. Tn
this way the composition of Mie water iz altered by precipitation
by oi oh In the same way silicious he are
for by ae secre! silicious ones Now ied
thor ng! cH uy 1 course Ee my
effects, does Psy ‘affect the composition of thewiee shoal,

as indicated by the Specific Gravity of ite Waters. 1

the: of this extensive of i of
a | ra genera ge
gravity of the water at any one time; moreover, theses

substances, solid

a constant
exchange going on between the atmosphere and the sea. The
Bea gives ayedione of its ee a cl atmosphero
in its turn gives np portions of its vapour as water ; und climates,
are.dry or moist according as the balance is in fayour of the
one or other side of this exchange, Were there no currents in
the.atmosphoro or the ocean, wo should have # constant. distri-
bution of moisture in the air and concentration of the sea-water
depending on the temperature, subject to diurnal and annual
oscillations. ‘This stationary state of things, however, is by no
means what is observed: both in the ocean and the at
thero are currents of yast dimensions, which tend on the one

|, by localising, concentration and dilution, to increase the
variations in donsity; and on the other hand, by ultimately
mixing the waters, to limit the extent of these variations
‘The same remarke refer in a great measure algo to alterations
produced Prualsness dean tial tala anlie aasene
vice verad. Removal of water, w) na ios 6 NEBR SAREE
concentration ; restoration of it causes dilution. Whether the
tumoval is caused by evaporstion or congelation, it is localised
20 a8 to produce areas of concentration and of dilution.
. The cruise of the Challenger lasted three years and a half,and
three yours of this timo wore spent botween lata. 40° x. and 40°s,
and ‘6 the majority of our observations apply to this
pee ‘From the surface observations which were made dail
when at sea, a coloured map has been constructed in which
have also made use of Lenz's observations with Kotzebue. At
the first glance at this chart the coincidence of the regions of con-
centration in the sea with those of the tradewinds in the atmo~
isapparent. On both sides of each of these reqiens we 866
aa diminish and pass ci {ie of decided cline
jar concentration regions w! @ priori considera-
tions, we haye coneluded to exist, are not shown by our observa-
tions, beewuse we were only for a short time in regions affected
by ice, and then during the season when it was ng: As tho
concentration of the sea-water depends on the climate to which
it is exposed, and as that is subjoct to certain variations, so the
areas occupied by the various colours on the map will be subject
to oscillations, so that properly we should have similar charts
for every month of the year; for this purpose, however, we

E

‘ips, The former keep close to the eastern margin of the
North Atlantic, whereas the Intter keep well out,

usually to the wostward of the Azores; and it is true tho
water in the centre of the North Atlantic, between the parallels
ef 15° and 30°, is denser than on the eastern side, but it is also
denser than on the western side.

On his outward voyage, Lenz's course lay further to the
eastward than that of the Challengor, and, consequently, he did
not observe the same high specific gravity. T'rom the fortiath
to the cighteenth parallels his observations show a very constant
mean specific gravity of 10270. In the centre the two sets of

lag

as indicated by the Specific Gravity of its Waters. 77

observations agree very closely, and in the west we have only
the one.

A comparatively high ie vit ‘ails in tho Atlantic
up to high Seahers ital Loe indebted ta Peofeuse
Mohn of Christiania for a vory admirable serios of obsorva-
tions made during the Norwegian Expedition last summer,
A uniform specific gravity of 10262 to 10264 was met
with between Shetland and Iceland. Further to the west this
warm salt water is displaced by the cold fresh water coming
down from polar regions and creeping along tho American
shore ax the so-called “cold wall” down to comparatively low
Jatitudes, The waters of the Gulf Stream belong to the warm
and salt waters of the Atlantic; consequently, when it is entered
from the west or south, no apparent or marked change is observed
in the colour, teraperature, or sultness of the water. When,
however, it is approached from the other side, as by re
leaving American ports, the change is very marked from the
grec, turbid, cold and fresh polar waters of the “ cold wall” to

¢ deep transparent blue waters of the warmer ocean. ‘ho
Gulf Stream was crossed twice, once off Sandy Hook and the
second time off Halifax. The specific gravity on the latter
occasion wax 1-0271, which is identical with the mean specific
‘ree of the water derived from all the observations made

ween St. ‘Thomas, W.L, Bermuda and the Azores.

‘The equatorial minima observed in the Challenger were
10260 in 8° x. both outward and homeward, by Lenz 1-025] in
7° 30' x. outward, and 102575 in 2° x. homeward-bound. On
the outward voyage he appears to have crossed two streams or
layers of pecasealy fresh water, separated bya narrow stratum
of water of the ordinary specific gravity of 10261. It ia
worthy of remark, that wherever we touch the counter equa-
torial currents, and we may include the Guinea Current among
them, we find fresher and warmer water than outside of them,
On the outward voyage the Challenger sailed along the equator
from the meridian’ of 14° w. to that of 30° w, in the course of
the south equatorial current; the specific gravity was found to
rise from 1:0260 in the east to 1°0268 in tho weet, where the
heavy water of the south-east trade-wind region was crossed as
it onterod tho North Atlantic.

Tn the South Atlantic we have as in the North the maximum
inthe heart of the trade-wind region, but it is situated con-
siderably nearer the equator than is the case in the North. It
is algo lower on the east side than it is on the west; the absolute
maximum, however, is on the west side, being 102785 off the
‘Abrolhos Islands, "The very high specific gravity which was
observed on the Brazilian coast from Cape St. jue to the

bourhood. It is no doubt explained by the potency of
Pree anaes Gove the ator oe tr ee
scsi the American const, part of tho stream
: 4 as
Exist afar athe mouth ofthe rer Mate
the latitude of the of Good Hope, where the
mean surface specific gravity is 10261, it decreases rapidly, and
between 40° s. and 60° s. a very uniform specifle gravi fot 0250
irae hate gd oat bared eter ighbourhood.
Teobergs SEAL nea esa byte ich, being
close upon 0°, had very little melting: zi
ice, however, the melting poi coftwhich' is considera
than that of fresh water, the sea was, as it have been
expected, colder and fresher, In fact, sea-water ice is a perfoct
eemstevend ibly, also, to some extent « restorative
-water Ice. @ icebergs, a8 long as remain in

Antarctic regions, that is, salt-water ice, have little or
o5rs0 dooenas inset Went ema p OMe
rays of the sun beii 7 aSnLES more than imade up by
[t is true that our temperature
observations showed the existence of warmer water below the
surface, and icebergs floating with any part of their mass in this
stratum would have greater tendency to decay than those
“dmuwing less water.”

In the Pacific tho distribution of tho salinity differs con-
siderably from that in the Atlantic. The latter ocean ix
divided ly into two basins of concentration corresponding
to the N and South Atlantic. In the Pacific only the
southern concentration area is well marked; in the northern
part of the ocean the variations in salinity are sia Pll
mean saltness low. In no part of the North Pacific was the
specific gravity obaerved above 1°0265, while in the southern

in the agian. of the trade-wind, it exceeds 10270, and

mean i is comparatively high.
The iin fa the North Peden 102644in lat. 30° 22' w.,

comparable proportions, Many of the islands are almost
continental in size, rise to a great height, and bear on their
surface the most luxuriant vegetation of the world. The seas

ax indicated by the Specific Gravity of its Waters. 79

are generally of and singularly rounded off into

aust Dis lites etal arty rehich: wold se

cee oat i ag a ea tude wi age and

ee i eer ee cone ada

majori

ant ‘The me cone of those, kl ako ae =
liar, more es] a3 regards temperat

Saas rater which amy be Tooled an

Soe,
ight; and the it
ig eaisstocas
immediate neighbou cl fi equator, ty rar large
ae
‘The air
ration,

this Se cualy found do, on and
amount of rain Tartare pata brat

the drainage athe Blands ri their acai
Oa RE ete liter rg anata

with moisture, so that notwithstanding the very
ature frequently attained by their surfaco-waters, ‘cape
of concentration possible is very small, The poste ity of
‘the greater part of this sea is under 1:0255; and a area
tho islands of Java and Sumatra is undor 10250, Water
so fresh as this is never met elsewhere, except at the mouths of
rivera, or in the nei; bourhood of molti Teer th it is of
local occurrence after heavy rains in ies ee
The saltness of these seas varies considerably at
seasons of the year; at least in the eae part of the China
Sea this is remarkably the case. Daring th fecal of oe
south-west monsoon, hich is. is a wotting wi
observed to tate on a much lower specific roi thn ag the
‘dry north-cast monsoon; and in these seas
pereices flux and reflux of waters between the sept eras
ions—a tide of long period duo to the winds,
Tho eitet of this tide is shown by its effect on the Japan
‘current, which varios much in position, strongth and temper-
‘ature, and doubtless, also, in specific gravity, according to the
season of the year.

In the Indian Ocean wo have few observations with delicate
instruments, but to judge from those of Lenz and the Gazelle,
the concentration area duo to the south-east trado is not more
pronounced than in the Western Pacific, with whieh ocean its
waters have a donble communication. ‘To the north of the line
the local influence of ae immense continent, which forms its
northern boundary, renders the state of its waters a
from what is found either in the North Pacific or North Atlantic,
aa appears from the observations which E have been able to con-

t the water is comparatively fresh all over this arca ;
ry this fact will have an important on the conditions

80 Bucmanax on tho Distribution of Salt in the Ocean,

of the Red Sea, where evaporation takes with such energy
since Sateecioa the ee thal eae et bee free com

munication with the ocean,

The vertical distribution of saltness is shown in diagrams of
sections; one pag nian, a meridian in the Atlantic, and
another along a in the Central Pacific,

‘The Atlantic section (vide Diagram) shows the distribution of
saltness along acentral meridian os to 30° w. long.) from 32° x.
to 32° s, lutitudes by means of equi-saline lines, the vertical area
included being that between the surface and 2000 fathoms, or
the bottom where it occurred at « less depth than 2000 fathoms,
Above this section is a diagram representing the distribution of
surface-saltness along the same meridian. Both of them show
in a very marked way the effect of climate on the saltness of
the sea, not only at the surface where its effect is directly fe
bat even down to the bottom, at two or three thousand fathoms,
If we consider the vertical section, we see the line of 10270
Giclee surface in 8°, lat. reaching a maximum depth of
5 sin lat. 12° 8, thon rising very gently till it oi
out in lat. 29°, In the North Atlantic it leaves the surface tn
14° lat,, reaches a maximum depth of 200 fathoms in 25° lat.
then gently rises and crops out probably about 40° lat. The
area pastor station may be said to extend from about

8. to . lat, but the specific gravity, especially of the
surface-water, varies greatly, owing to the violence of the
currents, as woll as to the annual oscillation of the equatorial
rain-belt, The equi-saline line of 1:0265 is found in Int, 32° s,
ata depth of 75 fathoms, and sinks to a depth of 160 fathoms in
lat. 17°, It varies but little in depth until the equator is
crossed, when it reeurves in latitude 3°». at a depth of 70
fathoms, and crops out at the equator. It leaves the surface
in 7° s., and descends steadily till in lat, 82°. it has reached
adepth of 450 fathoms; further north it no doubt recurves
downwards, for here we find it sloping downwards from 1500
fathoms in 32° y. to 2000 fathoms. The equi-saline line of 10260
starts from a depth of 250 fathoms in lat. 32° s,, remains almost
ly horizontal with a slight upward tendency as far north
as lat, 5"5., when it turns downwards, recurying about lat, 24°,
and reaching the bottom, 1500 fathoms, in 16° s. lat, It doas
not reach the surface at all in our diagram, the nearest ap-

ach to it being a trough of water under 1-0261 between
"and 3°. Jat. I havo little doubt that if our observations
had enabled us to carry our diagram further north, the 1-0265
line would have been seen to have a similar form. Every one
raust necessarily be struck by the similarity between ihe dips of
the equi-saline and the isothermal lines, which descend in the

&

4s indicated by the Specific Gravity of its Waters. 81

Atlantic from south to north (without, however, recurring in the
cuse of the isothermals).

If we consider only the water in the first 200 to 300 fathoms
from the surface, we observe a very marked general law in the

ing decided tration, as
Cae it is above 1°0270, the specific gravity of the water
decreases as the depth increases; while in the equatorial regions,
where the water suffers marked and continuous dilution, tho
specific gravity first increasea with the depth, the maximum
“al eeered met with between 50 and 100 fathoms, after which
it fe thé same law as the water further outh or north,

ty
saltest water of the Pacific; it is here only that the specific
fart, goes above 1:0270,-and nowhere does it reach 10275.
| gm bulk of the water is under 10260; indeed, in the
North Pacific, the quantity of water with a pattie gravity above

termination of the mean specific gravity of the water, In the
South Pacifie the equi-saline line of 10260 leaves the surface
‘im lat. 34s, and descends with considerable but i

and it preserves a depth of about 200 fathoms as far as lat, 4° 8.
where it descends, irae a tongue extending as far as 6° Nn,
fathoms; it crops ont again at the
surface in lat.7° x. In the North Pacific it reaches the surface
in 23° and 83° n., attaining a depth of 100 fathoms in lat, 28°x.
The very low surface specific gravity observed in lat. 9° n. is
purely superficial, and does not affoct the mean specific gravity
of the water at the position at all. As in the Atlantic, the
minimum specifle gravity is found usually at a depth of about
1000 fathoms, but m the Pacific we have light water approach-
ing pe Syetion from both sides, whilat in the Adantic it occurs
ina ed degree only from the south; and in the North
Pacific by consequence the mean specific gravity is lower than
in the south, the contrary being the case in Atlantic, and
po doubt the configuration of theso two oceans is the chief
“cause of their diver conditions, the North Pacific
lee open bay, whereas the North Atlantic is more like a

__ In general, then, it will be seen from these diagrams that, as

a rule, the ifie grevity diminishes from the surface down to

a depth of 800 or 1000 fathoms, and then increases towards the
‘YOu. XLVH. o

&
if
3
a
i
i
F
f

E

&

HEE

He
3
Ls
:

k
:
f
[
;
&

d

i
i
Gene
Hl

E
E
:

i

shes, and
even although it wore not covered Fase

Hi

;
f
i
é
i

i

:

Fei
ieee

F

course of the meceeal current into the Caribbean Sea, re-

ak

loss as tho Gulf Stream, and ultimat

as indicated by the Specific Gravity of its Waters. 8B.

from observations made at ten different on the 21st of
duly, 1876, was 1:02547, the depth being 2950 fathoms; at
26°81’, Int, and 88° 97" w. long. the mean specie gravity wag
102721, from observations at nine different ‘on the 3rd
of May, 1876, the depth being 2700 fathoms. ‘The mean tem-
paene ce the water was at the Pacific station 2°98? C. (37°36° F.)
wn to 2700 fathoms, and at the Atlantic one 5:05° C. (41-00" F.).
If we take the mean temperature of the water down to 1500
fathoms, we have for the Pacific station 424° C, (89'63" F.),
and for the Atlantic one 744° 0. (439° F.). From observa-
tiong made in the Poroupine, wo find in 48° x. lat. a mean
temperature down to 1500 fathoms of 639° C. (43°51° F.) and in
55° 40'y, lat. a mean temperature down to the same of
igh G ia F). It nase Ls Wad eer eae
W wit vails al own u a my

treating of Ghd onan Ser of the North Atlantic it must be
remem! that that ocean is the recipient of all the brine
eliminated from the Mediterranean, whore the evaporation goes
on with great vigour, Notwithstanding the great supply of
fresh water from the numerous European rivers and the Nile,

researches in the Shearwater, points out very clearly that though
both currents are affected by the tides, being, indeed, at cortain
times reversed in their direction, still the balance is decidedly
in favour of an inflow of comparatively fresh surface-water, and.
an outflow of sult bottom-water; and he recognised the presence
of the latter distinctly at the bottom, in a sounding about
45 miles. w.s.w. of Cape St. Vincent, in 1500 fathoms The
ba of currents of such dimensions with sufficient accuracy

be able to estimate, even approximately, the amount of vein
outtlow from the Mediterranean, is a work volving groat labour
and constant observation throughout a whole year; moreover
the ‘ing of the direction and yelocity of under-cnrrents
is still accompanied with difficulty and ae, By com-
bining, however, observations of specific gravity with the current
‘measuroment, the work is simplified. Supposing tho surface
inflow to be thoroughly Banged, so that the supply per annum
of Atlantic water to the Moditerranean is accurately known,

~——_ . =

84 Buc anan on the Distribution of Salt in the Ocean,

its | density (at constant temperature) to
Faeee yp tie RST oor era yee ene ma
‘ j

Wide, 120 ep, aul Haweng af tie cate a niles a
day. It. is pea iow, ponerechels Snag

high, 188 We a
Seeing ee that RSS b= that river is.

Sragoruicn 200 clic ilon tho dete th ilo nepal

e cubic mi

aleeed is Iticon toe abe unstas rensise alee
Whatoverbe the nchual dimensi

salt wator into tho North Atiantio, and thoro.can aléo bo:na doabe
that it contributes in some degree to the very high i
gtayity and also to the temperature of the deep water of that
part of the ocean. In the diagram giving a meridional section
of the Atlantic, we see how the eqni-saling lines run up into the
North Lahey they curve downwards and retreat south~
wards, nearly all the lines following in the same way. There
are evident indications of a locality somewhat. north
than is embraced in the di , Where the specifle gravity,
SUS AOS RSS E WOT OT 9, all the way down; and it is
robable that the lines af eq! itness will apy this spot
from the north in somewhat the same way as they do from the
south, coming downwards, and returning north at a greater
depth, It is here that the greatest mixture of surface and
deep water tales placa, and it 1s due in a great measure to the
system of convection caused by pronounced annual variations of
temperature in a comparatively dry atmosphere,

=

as indicated by the Specific Gravity of its Waters. 85

Judging from the observations made on board the German
ehip, there are indications of the existence of a similar
region in the Indian Ocean. The observations made on the

ific gravity of the bottom-water shows a very marked chi

about latitude 43° s, In 45°. the specifle gravity is 1-02:
the same as I observed all over the Southern Ocean. In 42s,
however, the specific gravity ix 102617, and increases towards
the north, being as high ax 102682 near Mauritins, the surface
being only 102624 at the same place. In a sounding in 1900
fathoms just off the Agulhas bank, I observed a bottom specific
gearity of 102611, which could only have come from the

indian ‘The surface-water of this ocean ix not remark=
ablo for saltness: indeed, in the equatorial part it is very
much below the average of Pacific equatorial water. There
is, however, one region in the northern part of this ocean, in
which concentration gocs on with very great vigour, namely, in
the Red Sea; and just ax the evaporition of the water in the
Mediterranean varies the specific gravity of the deep water of
the North Atlantic, so may the Red Sea furnish concentrated
water to the depths of the Indian Ocean. An objection ae
be raised to this source of the heavy water observed by tho
Gazelle between Mauritius and Australia, from the fnet, that
‘the temperatare of the bottom-water was not above the normal,
whereas water coming from the Red Sea must enter the
Indian Ocean with a temperature of 70°F. The effet of con-
centration in raising the temperature in the subsuriace-water of
this ocean is very evident; in lat. 24° 41's. the mean tempera-
ture of the water down to 1500 fathoms was 8° O, (46-4° I’,

In the Pacific, as wo have seen, the amount of concentration
which goes on in the northern part is insignificant, a ciroum-
stance which is due no doubt to the openness of its basin
allowing free interchange of water, and to tho focbloness of the
north-east trades, During one-half of the year too, the south.
‘west monsoon extends ayer a great part of the ocean, adding
greatly to the dilution of its waters, The bottom-water, how~
ever, | both in the North and South Pacific, is of the same specific

pally on the elements yo to make the
particular on the humidity and rate of motion
oo ve hy Ss oo “ intimate relation bee Ll
inds: and, in if we com) our cl of

tect lc pvitea with one giving the penta lines, we shall
ind that the maxima of concentration lie in the northern
hemisphere to the south-west, and in the southern hemisphere

Bad
a aor

Hil
1 3
re

ain

fe ii ie
Eon all

(Read, May 14th, 1877]

agPpayaecz2
sgacigsded
beriiisesid
39238 seS-
Petes
Se
hla]
epEtasue as
Fig ged Fs

ps teal!
tide
weal
Paes |
HINGE

"Leh to Lhdsa, and Return to India vik Assam. 87

Superintendent of the Great Tri; jetrical he was
Sear employment as Sane cearier nection: and
duly trained. From that time to the present he has been con-
stantly engaged either in currying on explorations himself or
in trang oer natives to follow in his footsteps. In 1865-66
he made the famous journey, alluded to above, from Katmandbi
to Lhéen, and thence to the Manasarowar Lake and back to
Tudia.* This exploration earned for him the preseut of a
Gold Watch from the Royal ing Sen Society of London,

i juently stolen from him by one

he was doputed to accompany Mr. (now Sir Douglas) Forsyth’s
fret mission to Yarkand, Tat ators after the Mission left Leh
it

in connection with which he did much good service, In July
1874, whilo 1 was at Leh, after-tho return of the Mission, the
Pandit having volunteered to make a fresh exploration, I was
authorised by Colonel Walker, n.8,, to despatch him on o journey
to Lhiisa, now tobe described.} His instructions were top

by a much more northerly route than the one he had previously
followed. From Lhésa he was to endeavour to get attached to

iF ee be Soviety, vol. xxxvili., 1868.

33
i
i
it
‘4
Bh
: Fe!
He
fin
ct &
i

i
i
i
H
i
i
3
i

Ht
flu
efAteilEre
Spends tege
petit
i s fle
ithetieragl
Heelies
Be
2 i
= i re
E esegt
2 beri
Feel livés

Fs
i
H
iy
i
i
i
j
H
i
3

é

saltpetre, in the same number of day

t Ning, heart; and ri, mountain,

* Da is the Tibotan word for Pass.

Leh to Lhasa, and Return to India via Assam. 89

potnes oa

Satta tisieand thence on to India, it ie to
describe the road in detail, Maps of the country the
Pangong Lake; up to within a fow miles of Noh, hnve already

ment; the Pundit’s route from that. iin is shown on the map

mical observations for latitude and his hypsometric observations
for height above sea-level. |

Noh is a small village in the Radokh district, containing
about twenty huts, built of stones cemented by mud. It has a
small permanent popalation, which is increased largely in the
Winter montha by numerous shepherds, who during the summer
are scattered in tents in twos and threes in whatever parts of

* According to the Indian eurvey maps, the boundary Hoe between Ladakh
fad Tibet 1s.5 good deal to the woatof he ine as gran by the Pundit: Tho
Inter states thot the stem of the Nigga Valley which flows sontbwards war
‘the meridian of 79° from Manclal to the Fort is the true boundary. The

isa it gemraly nero at ancy
with the Pundits aa oy pen oeee) ‘ty Nob, although thers is this
e A :
7 fndon' rferene to Mr, Walks miupof the Punjab and Western Winalaas,
which accompanies General Cunningham’ well-known work on Ladikb, that
iagao ie thee a pon su the bnrslary btwn th contre, bak that
‘of Nligeu the watershed wo the eagt of Oho Nidyes or Chany Parwa River
B'shown ws the boundary, ‘The Kuang (or Rawang) stream which enters the
main valloy north of Nidgen ie there stiown as belonging to ‘Mbct, but it appenra
fom ihe txt of the Pandit narrative Ghat he ascended the Muang treaty and
found there a belon, ‘to the people ‘anken,
Heribos wood. of Cares isis; ehanjens wilow oleh, pou Ueber
womphy, ? tamarisk, 3

eth

iy

pe

t
i
:
H

%

thie road is about 450 miles, For

joined by a stream from the n

road to Khotan, vid Pola and Kiria.
Tho distance to Khotan by

a distance of 40 miles from Noh it gradually rises to a

:
all FI Be

Hee las

is

* T havo myself encountered anes (9 ie aie aie eee
ew geple appear tebe Just
" * or

weat of Chinese Tibet. 'The bebits and customs of

‘the mumu aa thove of the mame claes who live over the

Leh to Lhdsa, and Retura to India vid Assam. 1

of 15,500 feet, and then for about 160 miles as the crow flies,
crosses, in a north-eaaterly direction, a series of elevated plains
and ridges, before it. descends somewhat snddenly to the plains
of Eastern Turkistén. The averago height above sea-level of
the halting-places on the elevated plain to the north of Nob is
‘This vast highly-elevated plateau over which the

continuation of the Ling-zi Thang and

Aksu Chin plains, which lie at @ similar, or in places even a
higher, elevation in a north-westerly direction from Noh, between
Changchenmo River and the Kuen Luen Range, and have

in

This Tibetan plateau extends eastward, as we shall see in the
course of this narrative, as far as the head-waters of the great
rivers which water China,—in fact for a distance of more than
800 miles to the Bourhan Biida Mountains (south-west of the
Koko-nur Lake on the road between Lhisa and Pekin), where
we still find, according to the Abbé Huc and the still more
recent researches of the Russian Captain Prejevalski, a table~
land rising from 14,000 to 15,000 fect above the sea-level,
above which tower gigantic snow-covered mountaing.

Seven miles to the east of Noh is the castor termination of

being literally interpreted, means “Female narrow very
Take.” Its extreme length from the west end at Lukong
exactly 100 ie) while the breadth probably nowhere exceeds
or koven,
At its eastern rpg Se is entered by a small stream,
3; broad and 14 foot deep. Although the greater portion of
Jake has been previously and described, its eastern
limit has now beem determined for the first time It is a
curions fact that the water at the eastern extremity ie sweet
and good to drink, while that at the west end is very brackish.
Tt has been conclusively shown by Major Godwin-Austen that
this Jake once upon a time drained into the Shyok, but at
it it forms the most western of a numerous series of inland
with no outlets, which we shall find stretch for a consider-
able distance across the elevated plateau of Central Tibet.

* For details of this rond wee Route XIV, of Section G of Geographical
‘to the Report on the Survey Operations in couection with the
te Yarkand ond in 187274.

and Western Lurkistén and the Jilgas§ of Ni
Ladikh. These Sangs of Tibet, however, would xeem_ to hay
pore of plain! od Jess of precipitous mountains than either the
or
Tho road for the first ten marches from Noh through
the Rawang Changma or Northern Rawang district, and is

* Tho Ovis Ammon,
+ Mado from sheap's stomachs; two of them would be slung across tho hack of

saben.
f Sipe i hs ockd act tee ese teem valley,

Leh to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid Assam. 93
early parallelio, Rael soeth Of a8 dhtanse de places of only

a few miles from, the route followed feel Nes ther Pundit on
former occasion while on his wa: ore ee to Thok wang tet
through rater dH Lhoma ov

which is separated from the Saiteety De aca aac

athe Pundit passed en route the salt marshes of Khai Chikt.
iki, from which the people of fe ena
= collect large quantitios of salt, which they
sule to Ladikh, He sates that the salt forms a coche ng
like a sheet of ice on the eurface of the mud. ‘The salt-see!
sink through this crust up to their loins in mud and water, and
rapgre tian salt, which they subsequently wash, clean and dry
in the sun.
At Chabuk Zinga or village (14,100 foet above sea-level)
were two huts built of woud an! in the neighbourhood some
tents of shepherds were visible. Here there wore a few
fields where barley is grown, ace first si, of cultivation
that had been seen since leaving Noh. ‘The Pandit is of opinion
that were the country more thick populated, there would be
no difficulty in finding plenty of ground fit for cultivation.
‘Tho Champa inhabitants appear, however, to caro but little for
pie and live almost entirely on meat, milk, butter and cheese,
ear of their tees flocks and herds. One sheep-

of stone (
peotel oe Lasui, All articles of cop; omacaneen
much valued, and 6 small axe of the Pundit’s, which he kopt
for the purpose of breaking Pe ice, he might at any time ave’
for two or three l

‘The only articles that Ribas pac lo thomselyos manufacture
are tents and yery coarse lothing. The former are
black, and are made from yik's hair, md the latter from tho
fleeces of their shoep, wi also produce the material for

Babine: tbe base in wi they inka fait tor aslo in Taddteh.
‘Their ea consists of their horses, keen and herds, from
the products of auhial they are ea fey rien ; also in salt
which they carry for Ledékh, in return for which
they obtain flour, met ese vessels, and hardware, Most
familios possess a mash generally of Nepil manufacturo,
and the men of the Rudokh district se move about without,

Eck to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid, Assam. 05

through whose influence they ey: bape. fo ive assistance in
eects the onward aay: ty Pundit tel now flared
he Khémpa or Kampa distri week Chie (on the Seth af

its
Ay was ‘tly disturbed in mind a8 seeing men approach-
eee ae See
ib to led in the earth his

ae oe are make in

about a
On the Tallowiny day (August ban they travelled together a

ithol, where they found a large Cee of
and bh Sood fortune i ee the man at
looking for, It appears in years gone t's
meeiind pact up a great friendship fp i tn Ladi wih
medical practitioner, who was Cee a man of great ee
amongst the Khim, Ib was in order to him that the
Pundit had turned to Gargethol. Whon found, he did not
deny his old ices, hee on the contrary, was of the pe
assistance, as he gave letters to the Pandit for the

or headman of Garchothol, anothor Khimpa district several
peetas further east.
The Khampas who inhabit these two districts of Gargethol
aa Garchethol ne nes be Sora ie eres or
Champas, an entire! ferent race,

Sea om helo of Khim, Shick lise te osetia
ny east of Lhisa.t They number in Gargethol shoal seventy
ane a popelatin of 600 or 700 souls, In Garcheth

ary about one hundred tents.
ahs hia mpas had Pep Rca Mee gee
Ziling,t to the east of . the K Koko-nur Lake) about twenty-five
pepe prior to the Pundit’s visit. They travelled vid Lhasa and
the Manasarowar Lake, near ee panes lace they plundered « cara-
van, and fled with their booty present camping-grounds,
which, prior to that ees were vtniuhatetod, Soon after settling

* Gomw ix the Tiboten term for headman, and gervempcolis Wo tha Eases
Tho equivalent word in Nari Khorsum’is Gadpu
inp. the travallar, fn his attempt tn svi ‘tho Bralionpsten River

ates ‘Rhadmntin, who to bave formerly emignsted
ens ou ae ae Meant th ‘he inwadaye "Ie a rhonld thi,

1p At

to the Abbé Huo, the cay Khim disteiot ts Tevamda or

ohomrime etn place. ‘ba the Pate Dotween Lids and Pa or Bachang,
Ziling ts the Tibotan pronunciation of Sining-/s, » Chinese town ix Kanau,

Leh to Lhasa, and Return to India vid Assam, o7

‘ness for blood would appear to be derived from a still earlier age,
as the food given to infants, when their mothers can noe
support them, consists, in the entire absence of grain in
country, of pounded cheese mixed up with butter and blood.
They are of the Buddhist roligion, | but their language is quite
different to that of other Tibetans,* and only one man of the
eave ee had resided some years at Sining-fu (to the
0 peers was able to understand it and to make

pines mth at he Cam at Sa pease
sont isa Where a Ini fuir is ann

on in in July sai August. a 7

ith of yee the Pundit returned to Hissik Chakit,

au he saw a large herd of kidngs, wild horses, fully 200 in

number, ee a eS level till
peel Ast of pot epee » When, at a cai he met

Gombo of rpc sare a pear ae i was dis-

finguaieble from his followers, in that he wore a pair Iden
earrings, of such length as to rest on his shoulders. “Tho pres

sentation of the letter of introduction from their medical fiend

at ok aif secured our party a civil rece Sand aay

‘The tae night there was a sharp the first sign of
\¢ approach of winter.
‘On the 8rd of September they reached the bal of Man
the head-quarters of The Gombe who had ot of the

travellers, ee at eh form at si his Lis
fe one Tm 's hair—and gave a small present
eee eandal-wood, ‘The Pundit was kinlly treated, and on inti-
to the Gombo that he was on his way to visit a cele-
aa monastery near the Nameho Lake, Chiring Dunduk (the
Gombo) said he was himself about to move his camp
days’ march in that direction, and pro) that thay should
the journey together. ‘Pho Pundit gratefully aequi
UOitsataiaing (9 kis con, teuh he Sonne Menai sbestoaed by a
host of curious Khémpas, who were all most anxious to become
era of the various little articles of hardware he had with
im, but he resolutely refused to with anything.

enki visitors was an old mao named Soném Darka,
set Signy. years of age, a native of a country near Lhisa, who
living as a servant amongst the Khimpas for several
came had gradually accumulated a good del of property:
The Pandit, i he fond that this man could speak "good

* According to tho Pundit many word are identical, but the affixes and pro-
fités aro wutirely diff to those of Tibet. The onl; int ho could recollect ia
‘that the saffix At in gn einai ‘curious ideal
with the luterogative in the Turki language ‘in Kashgar, and may
Perbpe indicate & comuon origin for the two languages,

‘VOL, XLVI. x‘

Teh to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid. Assam. 99

clase] forat least, thirty years, the reason given boing that since
the discovery of borax, or rather since borax has become a con-
siderable article of trade between Tibet and Hindustan, the
inhabitants of Nakebang now find a good market for it in the
Nari Khorsum district, from which place they derive their
supplies of grain instead of, as formerly, from Turkistin.”
Sondém Darka had alo on one occasion, some thirty years ago,
made a journey from Thok Daurikpa to Ajan, a eountry about,
two months’ journey in a north-casterly direction, The
lay throughout over an extensive plain, no large mountains
being seen, or streams encountered en route, Drinking-water
was obtained from a succession of small fresh-water lakes,
mostly supplied from rain-water. Shortly before reaching the
Ajan country, tho road trayerses a bare Re rae of moun-
tain. Ajan itself was inhabited by the ‘po Kalmueks, a
nomadic pastoral Neate who obtained grain (rice and flour)
from the neighbourhood of Karka, a large monastery said to be
ten or twelve days’ journey beyond the southern frontier of the
Ajun country, Near Karka is a large city called Kokod, the
residence of the Sokpo Gyalpo, the ruler of the Sokpo districts,
whilo Karka itself contains several monasteries, one of which
is the residence of the Yapchan 'Tidmba (or Ringboché), the
spiritual head of the Sokpo Kalmucks. ‘The road just de-
scribed ix never now made use of, probably for the same reason
which has led to the abandonment of the before-mentioned
route to Néri Thdru, as well as on account of the dificulty of
ring a certain supply of water en route; no one would
Yenture to travel by it unless after an unusually heavy rainy
season. Wood and grass are said to be plentiful throughout.
Karkat is a name about which I have for some time past
heen endeavouring to obtain anthentic information, but 1 ean
lardly yenture to claim any great success in the attempt. It
is first. mentioned, os I far ux I am aware, by Major Movt-
gomerie, #2, in his discussion of the werk of the Pundit who
explored the Namcho Lake in 1872. On the present oconsion
the Pundit had been specially instructed to make inquiries
about it, He saw in Lhésa some men who were pointed out
to him as from Karka, till, copper-complexioned, tine-looking
men, but unfortunately he could not understand their language,
and his stay in Lhasa was so short that he was anable to learn
anything definite about them.

* Grain ix, sx may be fmagined, aot over-plentiful. A sheep's load of flour,
20 Ihe, ie nbout tho equivalent in'ynlue of w largo ab ae]
+ Korkha was tho name of onv of the metropolitan seer of the Nestorian
Charl. Tait powibly the samo plnco ax the modern Karkn or Karkhn ? See
p-cually. of Golonal Yale's pr ee ee eed
x

Leh to Ehdsa, and Heturn to Tndit.vi Assam. 101

them an almost nominal tribute Gn gold) of tlig- vglue of about
202. This gold is obtained at Th Deets the onst of
Garchethol, in exchange for the produce of their and for
borax, extensive fields of which exist at Noring Cho, which
wero passed by the Pandit en route to Kezing. As

The Pundit appears to have ingratiated himself ‘most,
cessfully with the Gombo Chiring, for that chief very ‘indy
made arrangements that be should travel onwards with two
other men, servants of a merchant from the neighbourhood a
Shigdtzé, who were travelling with some spare yaks in advariog
of their master from 'Thok Jilung to Shigdtzé; these men, for
their own sakes, were only too happy to trayel in company with
the Pundit and his party.

From Kezing eustward for a distance of 80 miles, up to Thok
Daurikpa, the country was uninhabited when the Pant, passed

it ; but it is occupied by the Khiémpas of Garehé at

in seasons of the ycar, There is capital grazing, and an
abundant supply of water and fuel (argols) throughout. The
road lies the whole way in one of the broad open sangs before
described, lying between ranges of hills running east. and wost,
South of tho ‘Tashi Bhup Cho, the southern range rune off in a
south-east direction, rising rapidly in height, and forming a
massive group of precroaedl peuks, known ag the Shy rach
Kang Ja 1@ positions of several of which were fixed by the
a t, alt rh at a distance of from 30 to 40 miles south of

ia road,

From this snowy group flows northwards a yery consider
able stream, the Shyal-chu, which was crossed by the Pundit
in three separate branches, nowhere more than a foot in
depth, but suid to be passable only with very great difficulty
daring the floods caused by te cite Hie ieow atte
summer months, ‘This stream flows into the Tashi Bhup Lake,
whose southern shore is about 2 miles to the north of the
Pundit’s road. From the eastern end of the lake a stream
issues, whose waters are said ultimately to drain into the Ohar-
et Lake, from which they emerge under the name of the

fik-chu-kbaé River, and flow eastward to the village of the
sane name which lies on the northern road between Lhasa and
Pekin, At thi pals where the Shyal-chu was passed by the
Pundit, his was crossed by another track going from
Manasarowar to Nak-chu-khd, which passes south of the Tashi
Bhup Lake, and then follows throughout its course the stream
which ome! from the east end of the lake, and flows to the
Chargut and Nék-chu-khé. This road is said to be per-
fectly easy, and to abound with grass and water, but the country
it passes through is uninhabited throughout.

Lehto Lhdsa, and Return to India vid Assam. 108

‘Tibet and from SJanglaché, « town on the Brahi
five peed ater Bhipttas mi i
roprictors of each phiikpdé have nlso their own gold-pit,*
in md ey work (in the day-time only). One or two men’
are generally employed in quarrying the stone in which the
gold is found. pieces of stone are lifted up in baskets to”
the Ld et Saleen dealcyaiay rere amall frag~
ments, which are deposited on a cloth, which is arranged on a
slight slope and kept down by # nunber of stones #0 as to make
the surface uneven, Water is then poured oa ands and carries
smyth Tighter portion of tho ch Tew in the
les that have been made ‘oe rey ‘he largest:
pleoe of seen by the Pundit at Daunikpa was about one
ounce in weight.

Unfortunately for the di water is not found within a
mile of the gold-felds, and to be broge Late Leen in
skins on donkeys ito a are specially ie se
‘These donkeys were the only animals of Bed ea the
Pundit between Ladikh and Lhésa. It appears that they do

in profusion with the pashm or wool, which grows under the huir
of nearly all ani Sy these very cold and highly-elevated
‘ions, it was always found necessary at night to allow them to
refuge in the hide inhabited by their masters,
Gold-finding does not appear to be a very lucrative coneEa
tion, and although the the tax paid by the diggers to the Sarpo
or Gold Commi of Laden, ga, viz. one sarshia (one-fifth o of
an onnes) cr he annum, is decidedly snall, che the

fits aj 2 to'bo bet ttle sore ‘han’ Is neceasary
Pedy aaa ul together. perttoeL to ame the ni pst

ding than what is found farther west, It is, however, more
ifficult to obtain, both on account of the soil, or nether rock,
in whieh it is found ser much more diffioult to break up than
the softer soil of Thok Jilung, and en account of the distance
itcateiles ter han bo ba beer ht. At Jélung a stream runs
through the gold-fields. The Pundit believes that there are
enormous tracts of land beck ap is to be obtained by digging,
but where the absence of would render the working of
unremunerative.

The Thok Daurikpa and Thok Jalung gold-fields are under

$,At Tooke Jdtung tho arwngemont la difrent: there the wholoot the digsers
work in one large excavation,

104 = Trorrer's Aceount of the Pundit’'s Journey from ’

that
fic ‘been considerably overrated, ‘The
vid en in the neighonshod of Tok J : pike
eal :
goldselds now being workod in Northern Gare et Tho |
wrikpa, and two other places, of even less at

‘Tang Jung and Sarké Sbyar, both of which aro about six |
eee ne that nearly the whole of

one of Nakein Pontod on the nm inertia
for the
pe of ne ‘ontod on — i

oducts,
Eiken Sect bri Teed
thoy as

from,
wi biecant (parka) eth yi which shag St five and

iMings (or more, acco to it} at Daurdkpa for
one of gold (onedifti, of an rey ,

Thok Dawrdkpa to Lhdsa.

coals only Oe amie at the pantie ea and ih
aa on the
ly thom oe oem that he oes

several

journey over the plains of rn a dag ple
erie peri with his ex;
and other passes on the road ees Leh to Yérkand. The a
« AL Tok Fung on wfammer. acon tho Pandit Iinsed ene tle of
fr uBR soverige: At Took Dacnilpa ihe eco of tho time sean of
eres hen Std oarion pupenn

Teh to Lhisa, and Return to India vid Assam. 105

of velvet turf covered with countless herds of antelope must
indeed have formed a pleasant contrast after the equally
elevated but bleak and uninhabited bare plains of Ling-2i
Thang and Dipsang, in Northern Ladékb. The Pundit (who
is fond of statistics) asserts that on one occasion he act ly
counted two thousand antelopes (eho and gwa) which resembled
in diag & regiment of soldiora, with their horns glistening
in the sun like bayonets, The horns frequently found lying on
the ground served him in lieu of tent-pegs.

In the Nékching Pontod (Northern and Southern) district,
which extends for several marches east of Thok Daurikpa, there
sa henge ni tears ty families of nomads,
all wealthy in horses, yaks, sheep and goats. ‘T) shout
Nikchdng the sheep are pe large and atrong, and are almost

black—a peculiarity of this district alone, those in Western

‘Tibet and in Lhésa nearly all white. Yéks are used
almost exclusively as beasts of burden, and on one occasion the
Pundit met a caravan with two hundred of these animals
carrying tea towards the west.
sv ‘al Hae ade ea oat a saree ire country,

io Garpon re Puntchok, whose dignity is here fe
collects the tribute for the Lhédsa authorities and =e it to
Senja Jong, farther east. The tribute paid is almost entirely
ghé (clarified butter).

@ Changpas of Nikehdng, who are also promiscuously
termed Horpas and a oe a which differs but
little from that of Lhasa, and the it had no diffieulty in

ing on conversation with them,

In the 8th march from Thok Daurikpa the Pandit en-
countered a lofty rango of mountains which was crossed by a
high but easy pass called Kilong, 18,170 feet above sea-level.
This range runs southward and culminates in come enormous
peaks known by the name of Targot Lhd, from which extends
eastward a snowy range, numerous in which were
by the Pundit, along a length of 180 miles, up to where the

terminates in a mass of peaks called kharma, whieh
also lie to the south of and very near the Pundit’s road. The
highest of these Gy:ikharma peaks was ascertained by measure-
ment” to be 22,800 + feet above sea-level, and the Pundit esti-
mates that the highest of the ‘lirgot peaks (which lay too far
off the road for vertical measurement with a sextant) is at least
2500 feet higher than the highest of the Gydkharma group.

By double altuies taken with » vxiant from points whose altitudes have
‘been detorinined by hypsomotrical measurements. ;

Batre 2,00 td 22000 fetta inesy (p12); also 21,10 feet cn
map]

RR 4 He

is
=
4
EBs:
ag

which in their turn are

ELE
Fae

mountains,
extents of

ue

!

general name of the district through which the Pundit had been t=

vo Bl group of Bhydlchi Kéng Jéng Mountuns to the west sald to bo
Mageatisaa eo oe

* The

Leh to Lhdsa, and Return to India via Assam, 107

west, nor did he again mect with cultivation until reaching
Tulung nillnge, near Lhiss, thirty-nim: marches Ombo.
‘The height of the plain (15,240 feat above sea-l is not lose

lake (close by ‘Thungri), the
mins of whieh were pointed out to the ‘The Gyalpo
Limnr was the rulor over the whole of the Hor country, i
wealth was said to be boundless. Amongst other riches he was
the of a golden saddle, and a turquoise a8 large as a
goat's liver. He was overcome in battle by Dignng | anbo,
the Gyalpo of Lhasa, who, however, failed to ace! imself of
the saddle and turquoise, which were cast into the middle of the
lake, where they are said to remain at the it day,

The Pundit is of opinion that the Ding Yom Cho, and the
smaller lake of Tiing Jang to the north, were formerly con=
nected together in one vast expanse of wator, The Déngra

is even now so large, and the wind sometimes raises such
violent waves, that the Pundit compares it to the ocean. The
inhabitants of the Ombo or Pembo country, as it is sometimes
called, although speaking the same language as the other Chun,
or a8 who live in other parts of Hor, curiously enough,
ve considerable differences in their religious ceremonials,
Instead of the ee Soto Hoek! —— ee ey
padmi hung,” they inseribe in their prayer-wheels and on their
minis the ‘vords: “Om mate ‘moys addenda.” ‘They moreover
twist atin in the reverse direction to what’ all
ists do, and in making cireuits round religious
edifices they travel from right to left instead of from to

comntry east of 1

‘The origin of the custom arose thiswise. When Sikya Mini,”
the great founder of Buddhism in Tibet, first came to the
country, he was residing near the famous sacred mountain
Kailas, Néri Punchok, a native of Khim, having heard

* It is belioved that Mini Boddha himself never went to Tibet, whieh
wos converted to tho faith by lator miswionarice, Tho above and subsequent tre~
ditions must refer to these.

rumours of his arrival, went on a pilgrimage to see him.
Having arrived there, he fo Reece arty
constantly passing his time in eircumambulating the sacred
mount, and this at such a that his would-be disciple was
unable to overtake him, ul he followed him round and
round for several circuits. As Mini followed tho orthodox
course (moving like the hands of watch), the brilliant idea at
Tost struck Nari Punchuk that if he were to go round in

Fu
ae

fear the rains previously alluded to on the banks of the
ord gamertag ie containing the im of the
Néri Punchuk's bi At isan object of worship to

of the country.

us for on his journey the Pandit states that a cart might
ven all the way | Noh {ion may eee

oe
&

i

to

Zee
EeEs
carrie
ay
Ene :
33 é
ib E
isd
cee

amines chniacl ae ier
_ The country to the east of the bo district is of a pre=

addition to the produce of their flocks, they sell to the mer=

chanta of the south large quantities of salt, which is obtained

from numerous chdkds or salt lakes which lie at from eight to

to twelve days’ journey to the north of the Pundit's road,

The country is subdivided into districts, succes=
N aie

Gomn x
Dé Taklung, which latter lies immediately to the north of the
Namcho Lake, istris

sively from west to east Nikehdo;
Yakpé Ngocho, Yikpé Jugro, De Cherik,
Each of these, as well as the district of Nak-

ching Ombo, before described, has its own ruler or Pon, who
decides the disputes of his subjects, and collects the revenue
from them. The whole are subordinate to the two Jongpous of

Tech to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid Assam. 109

Senja Jong, a place of considerable importance lying to the
cate etnies Pac 8 da
to hundred houses. These Jongpons are officials appoin
from Lhasa, and are changed two or three years, Their
chief business appears to be to collect the revenué and remit it
to Lhiisa, and to act aa a sort of court of ap against the
decisions of the hereditary Pons who rule over the smaller divi-
sions They do not seem to have a very difficult task, as their
executive and administrative functions are carried out with the
assistance of two or three writers only, and a couple of dozen
guarda sent from the Gyalpo’s forees in Lhésa, revenue
sent to Lhésa consists enti oe

One of the most influential of the local Pons is the Garpon
Changba Gyalpo, who resides at Kétmér in Nikching Gomnak;
he ap; to exercise considerable influence in the
bourinig districts, both east and west; and when the Pundit was
passing through, had collected a considerable force of Chan;
Ve with eevee ashe pepsi tly dines fe

ing a dispute (which was, however, subsequently di, tical

J cere another chief, who lived home aletance to tho
east of the Namcho Lake.

A detailed account of the route followed Ee in the
Itinerary which accompanies this Paper, but a better idea of
the nature of the country will perhaps be obtained from the

. The ne of the plateau traversed appears to vary but
little between 15,000 and 16,000 feet above the sea-level. “The
plain is, as a rule, confined between mountains which run
parullel to the direction of the road, but a few transverse ridges
of considerable elevation are crossed en route. The drainage all
tends to the north, the streams from the snowy range to the
south finding their way into numerous large lakes, which eithor
lie in the sanga traversed by the Pundit, or are enclosed in
similar xangs to the north. “These Inkes are the characteristic
features of the country, and the Pundit may well be proud of tho
di and survey of such a numerous and extensive system.
Of the whole series, extending from Noh to Lhdsa, the only
one that has hitherto been known to peverschiens is the Nam
Cho or Tengri Nur at the extreme east, which, although its
position with icin to Lhésa was approximately known, and
wis marked on the old Chinese maps, yet: it is only within the
Inst few years that its position and extent have been doter-
mined with anything like accuracy; this was done by another
Pundit, sees il of the veteran explorer whose discoveries I am
now relating.

‘The largest of these newly-discovered lakes, the Dit y
hos de abut 45 anon a Keng, by 25 in breadth ot fe widow

tivice ‘the size of with which ‘ot i i
nen! size of any ne a acquainted in

‘The subsequent course of this last river, of which some of the
hhead-waters have now been traced, must, I fear, romain a
mystery. The account which was given to the Pundit is incon-
sistent with the existing ideas of the geography of the country.
village of

direction to Chimdo or Tsiamdo, a well-known place on

road from Lhésa to Bathang (Pa) and Pekin, Thence it is eaid
to flow south-east and cast through Amdsi to China, under the
names of Michu and Konkong. If this statement were reliable
it would prove the Nak-chu-khé to be a branch of the famous
Yaug-tse-Kiang ; but after a very careful examination of the
whole of the data I possess bearing on the subject, I haye come

Leh to Lhésa and Return to india vid Assam, nt

to the conclusion that the evidence in its favour ie not suf-
caetey strong to justify my entering into the subject at

appears on the whole not improbable that the first of
the Pundit’ statement may be risers viz. that the Nachos
kha River flows to Tsiamdo; if so, it bears successively the
names of La-chu, Lo«cha, and Lanthsang-Kiang, which, accord-
ing to most modern authorities, is afterwards known ag the
Camboja or Mekhong River.
If, however, Klaproth’s well-known map is to be relied on,*
tho Nék-chu-khd (whose Mongol equivalent, Khara-tisi, is there
given), does nat flow to T'siamdo, but forma the head-waters of
ou or Lou Kidng, which we now identify with the Salween
River, entering the Indian Ocean at Moulmeim.
To show the deficioney of correct data about these subjects,
I may note that the map accompanying the French edition of
Huc's book shows the Na Ptcha iver a8 flowing west into a
Jarge lake, while Tsiamdo is not shown as on a river at all; but
on the other hand from Hue's own lett we Jearn that f
“Tsiamdo is protected by two rivers, tho Dzi-chu and the
Om-chu, which, after flowing one to the east and one to the
wost of the town, unite on the south, and form the Ya-long-
Kiang,¢ which traverses from north to south the province of
Yunnan and Cochin China, and finally throws i ‘into the
Ohina Sea.” On foxy at other maps for a farther confirma-
tion of Huc’s account, 1 was much surprised at finding that
Keith Johnston in his map of China in his ‘Handy
Atlas’ of 1871 places Tsiamdo on the head-waters of the
Brahmaptitra.
The general features of the ground between Lhésa and
as shown on era map, are fairly consistent
with the account given by Hue of his journey between those

One piece of collateral geography brought back by the
Pundit appears to agree so well with Klaproth’s map, that it
seems desirable to reproduce it,

_ The Pundit states, “A road passes from the Nik-chu-khé
villago for six days’ journey in a north-oastern, and thirteen
days in an eastern direction, through the Ho-suk§ country to

* In one important instance at lenat, viz. the identity of the great river south
of Linaa with tho Irwwndiy, modern gecgraphis entirely kage with Li,
a Yo ti.
Eiebappedisto have mada a mistake sbout the nama
§ Tn Klaproth’s map tho Sob-obu is shown as n northern tributary of the Nék«
chuskhé, falling into we TaN: leh ie cals Mal eo lana
tude of the Nikeobu-khé Rivor agroon very noarly with the Pundits cxtimat ax
‘shown on the soap acoompinying thin paper.

by

‘Tt was not till the 12th of November that the Pundit qui
the higher table-lands of Tibet, and, after crossing the
Pass, 17,840 feet above sea-level, descended into the bed of the
Tulung, an affluent of the river of Lhasa, where for the first
time for several months he found himself at the comparatively
low elevation of 18,000 fect, from which a steady for
five short marches t him to Lhdsa, at an elevation of
11,910 feet, His pleasure was on reaching
valley, where he found cultivated fields replacing pastures,
grain in abundance, vegetables, chang, || and other luxuries to

* In tho map the S4-ohu, afterwards the Tewchn, joins the Om-cha River at

‘The Da-chu of Kini afterwards the Mi-cl
Bae gic ry Pong geting tg
eo : rane
Sp eye pe

it revives two tribatarion from the north, each more
Ahan 1000 nls eg falls ato he Yalow ea,

Aleolin ‘Journal Boclety,’ vol. by
art orcas trewad toes oc ent.

Teh to Chdsa, and Return to Tulia vid: Assam. 118

which he had long been a stranger. Ordinary cattle and
donkeys now took the place of yéks as milk-suppliors and beasts
of burden. Fowls and pigs were seen for the first. time aince
leaving Ladikh. ‘The more civilised Bodlipas replaced the
Changpas, and the Pandit was looking forward to a pleasant
= at Lhdsa.

‘at unfortunatoly for him the approach of civilisation brought
him considerable anxiety. On nearing Lhisa hesheard a report
that it was currently stated there that an Wnglish agent was
on his way there from India, and that a bond fide Chinaman
who had recently arrived from India vid Nepal had been arrested
and kept in confinement until an interview with the Chincse
Ambéin had enabled him to prove that he was not the man they
wore in search of.

The Pundit, on hearing this, halted a day at Tang-long, and
seut one of his own servante (Nendak, a native of Lhiéza) on
ahead to engage a room in a traveller's serai, and to inquire
whether any news had been received of the caravan from Leh.
‘The man retarned and reported that nothing had been heard of
it; the following day (the 18th of November) the Pundit en«
tered Lhasa,

Liisa to Taywang,

‘His present hasty visit of two days only has not added
to our existing store of information. He left it on the 20th
of November, accompanied by his two servants. Prior to

on @ pilgrim:
to a monastery ten days’ journey to the fort of Etie cher

tion, but a8 soon as évening came on he wheeled round and
commenced his return journey to Hindustan,

The first night he halted at Kumbu Thang, only 2 miles
out of Lhdsa; the following day he reached Dhejen, i flourish-
ing town with a large monastery on the left bank of the Lhisa
River, His route for the first stage was along the high-road

to Pekin.
From Lhésa to Pekin there are two roads; the one generally
used, and which is believed to be open all the year round,
at first nearly due east from Lhasa to Lsiamdo, the capital of
the Khan country; it then takes a southerly direction ay
VOL, XLVI, 3

Leh to Lhdésa, and Return to India vid Assam. 5

and jewels, ‘Tho candlesticks and other occlesinstical utensils
are nearly all made of gold and silver. The interiors af the
(stone) walls of these temples were covered with FOr Re pean
Bani in enormous Hindf it) characters, w
was able to aed rupee he could not tnt
objects

to be the hand
Big Mt ins and we of worship to all visitors to
monastery,
ne monastery also contains the Tangwir and the Kanguir,
‘or sacred ook t Beat,” The each are 108 in number,
‘Tradition sa} in
Gyalpo of Lh my the coun ea ee a aa ion
gods, During hi yd Mani was heap in Hindustén,
and came to et tne is ay converts were Gyiil)
Sumzen, the son, and Biru guiedacd, of Tajung, Danjok,
These two, in vomapeny with Sikyé Mini, commenced. to tas
bs arr ag ear ye; but whatever was raised by da;
thrown down by evil ae at night, At last nd
t him of simmonii m Hindustén one of his spiritual
abba Padmi, a was very skilful in the manage-
ment of evil spirits, He came and was to the Gyilpo,
‘to whom, however, he refused to pay any marks of rea
The ‘élpo, somewhat a ns remonstrated with him, where-
‘upon fire issucd from Lab! nails and burned the Gyiilpo's
head-dress. ‘The wicked demons were soon overcome and the
‘Monastery was com) velar ae (On the docoaso of tho Gy his
Hen Bire ebdica and went to Hindustén as a
mondicant, resigning his authority to 4 Mini, who is peal
tees “Senhtelyes perton of the Gewa Ring-boché,

tes tho Pundit travelled down the course of the
Brakmapiitra for two marches, passing several small tributaries
en routs, He croased the great river ina boat on the 30th of
November. In this portion of its course it is known either as
salle or “the river,” or a the pina of Témjun aes

temas the Gr ate hin, bs an

gees xnown to the ui, Going ai ace
woknown to # ww Hinge

Kaui the sole according to the Pundi
Gran eu iisors inaiben mierty te gro 2
to the Pundit as Panchhen (or Ri pee Tanke, he
‘maane by which he is more WO 10 TR

be under in th ths of June, and July,
ison tho ver i muob footed, bo on acooust ef ts
i a RS

ns above Shigdtzé, but all the smaller streams which issue from
the mountains on tho north and south are thickly bordered
with cultivated land.

‘The Pundit left the river near Chetan; Sou nae
states that its course is visible due east for a. ce
ae which it encounters s range of mountains

this side of which tho river was said to flow, he detinod the course
of the river Cys for a very consideruble distance below
it. ‘The course of the river thus determined
is very fairly accordant with that shown on Da Halde’s of
‘Tibet. pei galinn oni Ts the ay te of

river
fifteen days’ journey through the rice-producing eountry of Lho~
khélo, eh psgeleath sn ruler who a cuits iadopeabeaae
the Lhiisa authorities Its inhabitants are said to carry on
trade with the je of the Kombo district, whieh lies between
it and Lhdsa, but they have no communication with the people
on their south, the Shiar Lhoba, a wild race (opiate es Ne
‘who are known to us as the Mishmis) who inhabit pis Fa
through which the great vor flows to Gyd (Assun). In the

Lho-khélo country the Brahmaptitra is said to be joined hy two
large rivers from the north.
"Phe Pandit has thus been able to throw a little more light

on the lower course of the Tsanpo or the Great River of ‘Ti
Tt is unnecessary to follow Wileox, Montgomerie, and others,
who appear to have pep cabady that the Taanpo must’be the
1 river which, under the name of Dihong, enters Assam near
apie where it is jomed by the Brahma-kind. We may, I
think, safely admit that this is the case; and although the name
* The Pundit found that » piece of wood which he threw in from the bunk
was curried along a distance of pads Inte mince eae
t The an ‘which were exclusively used in punting the boots across
mensured by the Pundit, and found to bo 24 fort in Jougth : from
mates a maximum depth of 18 or 20 foot,

Leh to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid Assam. ua

Brahmapiitra is doubtless derived from the Brahma-kiind of the
Assam valley, geographers have, in consideration of the wide=
known celabrity of the name Bruhmapdétra, bestowed it on the
‘Taanpo, the upper and most important source of the great

river,

Cheting is a large town on the right bank of the Yalong, a
considerable affluent of the Brabmay onits right bank, It
contains two large monasteries, in which reside 700 Lémas.
From Meo the Pundit’s road lay up the Yélung, through a
rich and fertile valley, which contains numerous villages and
monasteries scattered about on both sides of the stream. The
country is productive, and contains numerous fruit-trees,
principally apricots and pears; wheat and barley are abundant,
as well as peas, and many other kinds of vegetables. There is
food gresing on the mountains which border the valley, but the

of sheep is very amall.

From Chetéing to the Dalétang plain at the head of the
yalley is 36 miles. In addition to numerous scattered villages
of ten or twelye houses each, the large towns of Naitong and
Chukydé Phuting are passod en route. From the Délitang La
to the Karkang Lé the road traverses for 15 miles a grass;
platean between 15,000 and 16,000 foet above sea-level, throug!
which flows a stream which takes its rise in springs, and ulti-
mately finds its way into the Brahmaptitra below C) 5
‘On this clevated region, which extends for a considerable dis-
tance to the west, the Pundit again found himself amongst the
Dogpas or nomad population. itis by the Karkang Pass to the

of the plain that the main Himalayan watershed is
crossed. On reaching it the Pundit states that a magnificent
view presented itself, The whole of the foreground was occu-
pled Vy gently undulating grassy plains, over which, on the
north-west, at a distance of but a few miles, rise the very con-
xpicnous group of snowy peaks called Yiéla Shimbo, Other
snowy peaks beyond the Brahmaputra appeared topping the
plateau tothe north, while east and west and south snowy peaks
rose in every direction, but at great distances off.

From the watershed, which is 16,210 feet above sea-level, the
road to the Kyd Kya Li, a pass about 70 miles farther south,
traverses a high undulating plateau which ia bounded on its west
bya well marked snowy ee which runs nearly due north and
south, and contains numerous eae The Baeee of this
country is most irregular. Pondit's road for the first
20 miles from the pass followed a stream which, under the name
of Siknng Séngpo, flows for 40 miles nearly due east, through
the Chabuil country, and ultimately tuning south-east, ran
nearly parallel to the upper course of the Brahmapatra, which

Leh to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid. Assam. ng

natives of Ti rho called Moni but the goods
ey emer! panes iby the Bogs Chg ?

The tie, good from Lhisa are brought by merchants oat

place.

‘There is free trade cohelees a exception of then rice, ame!
bole mentioned) bet ra ap Jong ;
all goods to nnd een, a fouth « uty of 10 10 pe cont
levied at the Oh or upton haute, ‘one long day's march
to the south of Chona Jong. coments are made by the col-
of taxes that, ne et have to rsh er
ithe sd tom Oe mo Ta Ase Chekhaag is elesed b
uy n is Jong to uu) is iat He
snow from tebe to May or Seibel Gaara eae,

2

al in langu: mann and a

the inhabitants of Tibet, and resemble, Sheena to the Pandit,
reapects the Dhukpas of the Bhe on the west.

inte of allowing their lair

to grow atdoda arranging it
plaits as is done in Tibet, they cut it to an eyen length all
eT Seaeds On the top of it wear 4 small ekull-cap
eames of woollen cloth or felt, tead of the long ae
a short coat. is worn, which onl: only reaches to the knee,
ta is fastened by a woollen girdle, in which is invariably fastened
a ‘al Ee knife. S:
¢ exception of a very large and im) monastery
at Tawing, the eatin of the vi villages in the ru yalloy are
nade the jurisdiction of the Jongpon of Chona J bol
‘This Téwing monastery is entirely independent of Preface
and of tho eee: t contains 600 Lim

of J jagir of the Clon J ae
ein ind ie AT, to the veal a te the

adr fia territory extends right up to in British thontier

hatter pone 1s said, prior to its occupation

the Be to have formed a portion of the Tawing jagir,
which now includes the Dhirang and Phutung valleys.

‘The affairs of the Tiwdng district are nie a sort of

liament termed pres woh assembles in public to manage

jinews and to The is composed
entirely of Lamas, the chief “the atue obletals of the principal monastery.
These comprise—

120 Trorren’s Account of the Pundits Jowrney from
whose duty it is to punish and.

Ist. The Kanb, ‘
Sagi anion he Tata hho ia at the head of the edi

or who is i -
cational establishment. :

ylishment a |
rd. The Gelongs, four or five in number, who look after the
revenues and rament of the country, j

Ath, ‘The Nerbas or Nerpas, also four or flye in number; these

armed with bows and arrows, &, In Dhirang and other
viel heck a regular armed force of Danae 3 enable

and with whom they have frequent feuds; but also with the
bouring and more 1 country of Bhotin on the
the various districts of which, when pate is generally

the case) engaged in internal hostilities, are i
i qaartel with the people of Tiwdog, The village of Lib,
the valley above Dhirang, appears to owe a double allegianes
to both Limas and Daphlas. “The Pundit on his march down

ee
g
E
Bee
24
22
Eee
ae
i
rt
fr
Hi
Fe

which they were taking off to
saan to enst of DI

and
noticed the cnormous development of their arms aa

z
ge
id

i:

:
fe
i
ei
a
:
|
ES
i
iF

fight both on their wrists and on their legs below the knee,
‘They had high cheek-bones and Chinese-looking eyes; wore 20
hair on their faces, but allowed that on the head to grow toa

* The people of Twang havo ft that the wearing ofthe
nent ified by Baeye Mel open the Laat ce cca

mu

Teh to Lhdsa, and Return to India vid Assam, 121

great Tength s this was drawn together behind and then allowed
to hang down.

The Pundit reached Tiwing on the 24th of December, and
was detained there till the 17th of February, having been unable
to get permission to tothe south, ~ It appears that some
fow years ago the Téwing Limas had represented to the Lhisa
officials that their subjects suffered much in pocket from the
Lhisa merchants being allowed to trade direct with Assam, and
thi at ast acne ne ing an order from Lhésa that
traders from that place should not be permitted to proceed beyond. e
the limit of the a Jongpon's jurisdiction, ¢ Tiiwingpas
have thus succeeded in keeping in their own hands nearly the
whole of the trade with Assam, and they systematically prevent
all strangers from passing through their country.

Leaving Tawéng on the 17th of eee the Pundit reached
Odélguri in British territory on the Ist of March, the road being
often deep in snow, while four py had to be crossed en route ;
of these passage of the Sai Ai and the Menda La were some-
what difficult on account of snow, Details of the road are given
in the Pundits itine at the end of the Paper,

At Odélguri the Pundit put himself in communication with
the Assistant Commissioner of the Darrang rr who kindly
made all the necessary arrangements for forwardi sie to
Gauhati, whence he went by steamer to Calcutta, w place
ho reached on the 11th of March, 1876.

Bofore closing this Paper it may be well to recapitulate the
chief results of the Pundit's last exploration.

Tn addition to the general information acquired, which has
been communicated in the narrative, the Pundit has made a
very careful and well-executed route ee of the whole line
of country traversed, viz, 1013 miles from Lukong (west end of
Pangong Lake) to Lhdsa, and 806 miles from Ihésa to Odalguri.
Of this total distance of 1319 miles, throughout which his

ings and bewrings were carefully recorded, about 1200 miles
fis through country which has nevor previously been explored,
Numerous lakes, some of enormous size, and some rivers, have
been discovered; the existence of a yast snowy range lying
ae to and north of the Brahmapttra River has been clearl;
lemonstrated, and the positions of several of its peaks have
been laid down, and their heights approximately dotermined.

The Brahmaynitra has been followed for n distance of 30
miles in a portion of its course, 50 miles lower down than the
lowest point previonsly determined; and as its approximate
direction for another 100 miles has been laid down, the abso~
Tately unknown portion of that mighty river's course now re~

Leh to Lhisa, and Return to India via Assam, 123

At Zingrél two roads one going over the Chang Li
and rae other over the Rey Eas road fo Tinksé bythe
latter route is shorter by 6 miles than by the former, but itis
ae am for Sa ale aS y
of the a An easy but Sree pene iss) miles pA
L& Pass (17,800 feet). A very gradual
descent of 4-miles, ator which roud turns abrapsiy to the
east, At Tsultak is a small lake; no village; gi peaene:
und. Though the road over the pass is not very steep, it is
ficult for animals on account of the badness of the
road, which is q more track, ren op saree rocks and boulders,
5, Tankse (height 12,000 feet), 14 miles—Down a valley for

saine name; supplies of all worts ps ie. Behind
the villa; nt aay which runs the road to the Kay La.

6. Chahar-tatsh, L wnlos Valley above Tiimské narrows for
6 miles, and then turns to the south and opens out; 2 miles
farther on is Muglib, a very small village; for 3 miles the
bottom of the is a grassy swamp, then narrows for 2
miles of gentle ascent among rocky bouldera, At Chakar-
talib is a small pond, sometimes dry in summer; coarse grass
on farther side of it.

7. Lukong (height 14,190 feet), 74 mites.—V'ive miles up valley
to north-wost end of Pangong Lake; water salt; 2 miles duo
north from end of the lake to Lukong, where isa small patch
of Lyoko fan a — peony into Et lake.

1. Chai height ), 8 miles,—A summer a
‘Tartar ; one or two stone huts; Gamotess od
in the stream.

tsi lk) miles—A rained restrhouse at foot of the
Lankar or imik La; road good up-stream all the way;
on ee ri ama (height 17,670 feet), 9 miles —Tho road

longma ‘f ry

gross tho range (which a the Lake Lukong drain
from that of the v4 Cheaso Rivet) the Marsimik Pace
fore feet) and instead of following Yarkand route to
the Chang thenmo valley, the road pusses over elevated ground
to the cast of tho pass into the head of another valley which
drains into the Pangong Lake; the road then crosses by the
Kin Lé, 9 high epur from the main rango, anit taser to

‘There was snow in July lying on the surrounding bills,

‘but none on the pass itself.

124 Trorren's Account of the Pundits Journey from

U1, Ningri or Bongnak 10,250 feet), 5 miles—Rtoad
tlle dovn age tem ih ov nang hak Q

up a valley k) containing abundance of grass
und jungle wood. ‘is at the j

tier here.
3,810 foot), 11 miles—Rond down valley,

16. Pal, 15 miles—Road down valley. Several springs near
camp. Pai thn sate bat of ihe Pangong Lak,

of is brackish.
17. Dobo Ne it 14,020 feet), 8 miles—Road skirts the

village of Noh, containing about 15 houses. A stream from
the north-east, hee wide and 3 feet deep, here joins the
Pi Lake. Up this stream is a road to Khotan vid Pol
and Kirta; camp beyond the river; ubundance of grass Yalks’
dung in great quantities used as fuel ; Spprstia Gangm a stream
flows into the Pagete Lake from Rudolh,

Nou ro Taox DavraKrs.—Distance 377 miles,

Lalo 7
nleay deep enters it at the east end. From this point to
0

the road passes along a broad and nearly level
HEC 6 miles in Width, and” Bounded on aod and

eariaaetcraced mountains, At camp were four tents of
epherds, r j

=

Toh to Lhdsa, and Return to India wid Assam. 125

2). Khat Chaka een Week Cea on
tinues along grassy vi (locally termed Sang) to camp, whic!
is on the pic side of a salt-water lake about 7 niles. in cire
eumference. Water from SPEIRS, and many wild kiang, Abont
© miles south-east of the lake is another salt lake, the Dakdong
Chaka, to the north of which is a conspicuous black stony
mountain called Gyai I,* which the Pundit was informed con-
‘tuiny numerous caves, in which are blocks of crystal (Silkiér) the
size of a man. ‘These aro objects of worship to the pooplo
of the neighbourhood, From this camp a larga open valley
extends in an easterly direction aa far as the eye can reach,

21. Lumadodmo (height 14,210 feet), 13 miles.—Road
and Abas level plain. : 0 a aera beans fe
passed. Dung of cattle used for ere and tl -
ont the rest of the eit to Lhisa, except where otherwise
specified. There are warm springs in the neighbourhood, said
to possess medicinal properties, which are frequented in winter

the surrounding population.

22. Bujiing (height 14,290 feet), 14 miles—Road continues
along a level grassy valley, varying from 6 to 10 miles in width,
and bounded on the north and south by grassy hills, Camp on
north edge of a fresh-water lake about 10 miles in cireum-
ference, and tenanted by numerous wild-fowl. The banks of
the lake are covered with shells. A stream enters the east end,
and there is one outlet at the opposite end of the lake through
which a stream passes to the salt-water lake on the west. A
view of the Alung Gangri peaks was obtained from hore,

28, Ohabuk Zinga (ie it 14,400 feet), 16 miles—Roud con=
tinues along course of stream, which still runs in « broad
valley; at camp two small huts and four or five tents, ‘Iwo
miles to the north-west was another encampment of fifteen tents.

24. Kangni Chumile. (height 15,800 ject), 14 miles, — At
i miles 2 road goes off in « south-east direction to Tingche and
Thok Jélung. No fresh water on this march or at camp, which
was in the neighbourhood of an extensive salt-marsh. North of
tho camp aro some bare red-coloured mountains, and the water
and mud of the marsh wns of the same colour, as also is the
salt which is extracted therefrom. Another view of the Alung
Gangri peaks was obtained from here.

25. Medion Chika (height 14,860 feet), 20 miles. — Road
as usual,

26. Mindum Chaka. Hast end, 7 miles.

27. Thachap Oho (height 15,130 feet), 14 milea—Camo across
fresh water about halfway to camp. The plain along which

* Gyoi I = country of snow.

Leh to Lhésa, and Return to India vid Assam, 127

88. Xi ‘hoight 14,460 16 miles—Grass, focl, and
oe uate Oi which is Bee iDh by rain-water only, This
tank - up at cortain times of the year.

|. Mango (height 14,250 Fed), 84 8} miles. —Six tents of Garché
Eehkin pst A ‘grass plentiful ;” cow-dui ing for fuel; water from

40. Noring Cho, south bank of Wt 13,750 10} miles.
—taalvete tents of Khémpas; ph dee pinks grass and
ier pane Zehir (height 13,770 fest), 8} miles.—Camj

5 ir or
south bank of the Cho’ Lako; ten or twelra teats of
Ray ithe met i Ts grass and fuel plentiful.
3 eo 104 mites, — Water from

a

iss apati tld feel), 5 milez—
Water, and fnel; seven or eight Khimpa tents,

bas Rand Chi® ieee aM hen 780 0 fey 10 méilee—Small

prass an e:

we sa ae Marit ‘height 16, 0 mitt mile, —A. small
stream of water at camp; plentiful ; an old gold-
mi is Dien i 148l0, Seat), 18 swiles,—P 5y miles,

mae a feat Pass at 54 mil

anid old-mine with an area of about one
ee ate ate d during the cold season only; a
Targe sult-lake, Tone Cho Chaka, Ties to the penal
at a distance of 5 miles, Lofty mountains (black) visible on
orth, and a very high mowy péak called Shyalehi King Jang,
visible towards ae south-oast ; a large plain extends to the

Av. aishassag Golip (eae 14,280 Fe). 10 164, miles—The road
is crossed by another track, which leads trom Manasarowar
to ik, chu-khé and the Khim. country,

48, Thok Lorre ea 14,880 ), 18 miles, —Cross en.
voute the Si! Chu, a river Faigaleht lows in Sa ersvastannols
from a mass of eucery pues GALLE King Jéng, about
90 aailes south of the the road. This pe ar traversed with great
difficulty in the summer months, although nowhere more than a
foot iiep at the time of the Pundit’s visit; it flows into the
Tashi Bhup Loke, whoee southern shore is about 2 miles north
of the From the east end of the lake a stream is said to
isvuc towards Nak at The lake ig about 18 miles in length
by 8 miles in bread:

49. Thok ite (height 15,280 80 fue), 12 miles-—Road
somewhat hilly ; pass en roule the d ine of Thok Diik-
char, The direct road from Siyil Che Chu pia over a level

"Literally, dake lug by the wild Rorse. Literally, horse's
eens ffi pt Che of tae Abbe Ios SE:

Lech ta Lhiisa, and Return to India vi Assam, 129

Kyfring Cho. The highest mountain in this eastern group was
between 21,000 and 22,000 feet above sea-level, and tho Pundit
otmates the height of the highest of the'Trgot peaks at about
5, foot.
; 58. Yono Zinga or Ombo (height 15,240 fix, 124 miles —A.
large village containing a monastery houses, surrounded
recalitvaion. This cr the first time the Pondit had socn
signs of cultivation since leaving Chabuk Zinga (the 23rd
halting’ plas) Enormous lakes to north and south of the road.
59 rit (height 14,770 feet), 11 miles.—Here are the
peer Mare Sees sages secaer age tonae
Raji who at that time ruled over the whole of the Hor country.
Road follows the northern shore of the Yum Cho.
60, The Chul Larcha, 44 miles—Vho road ascends for 2 miles
to the Naithung Pass (15,710 feet) up a steepish incline ; road

61. Mobiding (height 18,100 fer), 6 milee—Cross the Chika
Pass (16,530 feet) ; ascent 2 miles; descent to plain 14 mile.
Several shep! tents scattered about the banks of the
Dupeshs Lake, which is 28 miles long by 10 broad.

Noorat (height 15,320 feet), 12 miles—Five tents of

rt at camp, and soveral others passed en route; largo
flocks of sheep scattered over the plain, which extends as fat as
table from the Chik LA (march 61) to the Chapta Pass (88th
march), a distance of over 60 miles, Its breadth from north
to south, at its widest part, is little less than 90 miles. It
is a beautiful pasture watered by numerous streams and fresh-

#8. Chante ( ht 15,880 feet), 10 miles—A good road

y feet), 10 miles.—. goes
from here to ied ‘The first portion of the road is through
the Débi country, inhabited nomads. Between Débi and
the Che-huil country is a range which ia crossed by a
high pass, to the north of which isthe Hota Sangpo, which flows
east and north-cast, and was crossed by the Pandit in his march.
Beyond the Hota Sangpo is the Che country, which contains
many villages, and where much barley and wheat are grown.

; ond pasws over lovel
G4, Téhdong (height 15,400 feet), 13 miles, o
GS. Ihéakia ee sen *

“ i, nin ad rates several
68, Katmér S120). 10§ Soper gy Beene
Gr, Lond Karwo (7. 1530 28? cm clams Se

68. Kyé Kya Rafha (height 14,770 feet), 1 miles,—Cross on
route by the Ghapta Piss (18,900 fect) a ninge which separates
two streams which flow inté the Chikut Cho to the north of the

Camp at west end of Kyiring Cho. Vrom this lake a
river * flows to the Chikut Clo, 111 paces broad and over 3 feet

~The Pandit sont onc of his mon ncross it in order to got its correct dimensions. «
VOI, XLVI. %

Ich to Lhdsa, and Return to India vie Assam, 13a

83: Tigo Chumih (height 16, 140 Fe, 16 miles—At 4 miles
eross the Nak Chit ion wi flows westward Su, the
Nimcho Lake into another oe ae north of Léngm:

from which it is said to issne an He fo mart to the Naik Ot
Khi* River. The bed of the Nak Chi River, where crossed by
‘the Pundit, was 100 Fa Ne wide and of great depth ; but the
actual stream was not more than enough to tar one mill. Tn
the summer months the riverbed is gaid to be filled with a
viclent torrent. Camp on the northern edge of the Nimeho or
‘Tengri Nur Lake,

81, Jédor Comba (leigh 15400 fd), 7 outer | "Tat Sh tank ot
; , "| du iameho Lake.
Roa and camps on
8 str Bag’ Co WA ST ow Sees
56. Dubli Cw MSAD 108 wp pee tee
St. Dakwur Chuckén € 4 13,880 4 16h 4 | bandana th
water, aad

88. podiuRage Karmo (height 15,710 feet), 164 miles-—At 8 miles
¢ Nya Chi, a small river that flows west into the
Nimcho: takes several snowy peaks visible about 25 miles to
‘the east of the road.
89 Goblung Yokmé ne oe 510 foot ran i i et pasties
cross the Darn Lhargan (or N:
easy road, which, however, for acim freehl:
00. ee Sing es eer feet), 43 miles—Road ate
lung ), AR mi passes
the Pasi is is scattered over with houses in twos and
‘threes ; excellent pastures apply razing for numerous herds
of yaks, Through a gap fills to the east of this ae
Jies a road which joins at Phendo Chaksam (6 marches
Lhésa) the caravan route from Lhisa to Pekin eva Taklung
Malang), and Nik-cha-khé. From Dam there is a more direct
sp Lhésa vid Taklung than tho ono followed by tho
ra Chinbo (height 14,340), 102 miles—Road lies parallel to
the Dam River. "At Chinbo able river changes the direction
of its course and flows through a gap in the to the south-
ie Ss through the same gap runs a direct road to

See, 08 bank of of Lhichu River, 8} milee—Road passes up
tie ‘in ey, through which, flows the Lhvichu, x river
omen 4 circuitous course to Lhisa, There are soyeral

* Nah ls the Tibetan word for Mack ; Wd, mouth,
c wd

Leh to Liisa, and Return to India vid Assam. 133-

but ascent 5 miles to the Gokhar Pass (16,620 feet}
descent easy. From the pass, which is ee l stn tena r
the Rivers Kichi and Brahmapitra, there is
view-embracing the Nita pe peaks cot the fo Nae
cho Lake), and a vet icuous peak nearly due north,
the same distance off an id is same height os ths ining
(2, about 24,000 fect), Other snowy peaks (the Yala Shimbo)
eons 11,430 Jeet), 10} milea-—A

aye » —
ie ancient monastery, situate as 3 Sey to the cel

metas 64 miles—At Gerpé
2 Nat trors ‘es isa es the SEO ee
niver is about 350 yards across, 20 feet in depth, and has a very
uggish current, “The road here leaves the main valley, and
oe up the branch valley of Yilung, Where the Brahmaptitra

‘iver was quitted, it trends due east, a direction which it
maintains for about 30 miles, after which it turns off to the
south-east. Cheting contains 500 houses and two very large
monasteries, which give shelter to 700 Limas,

7. Wombi. ar Village (height 11,020 feet), T miles —
Road good up the Yilung valley. Several’ monasteries are
passed = rowe, from one of which, Tamtuk Gomba, a road

stream and meets, several marches farther on (at

through an unin country.
cic il ee si
JOTI, AAT mon: to this point
from hase tho road fe firetorata J is
9. Pisa Dokpo (height 11,890 feel), 9 epee up
as cae valley. Numerous villages and monasteri

baty: Karmé Lhikhang (h 13,190. 105 =e
ey pases valley. Sesoad atl Parcs pond en route. R
Nititang (height 16,020 feet), 6 miles.—A large reste
ee ath good accommodation for travellers, on tho plain
whieh forms tho watershed between the Ydlongyand a more
eastern tributary of the Brabmapitra. ‘This plain was covered
with cattle, although the cold was very severe. High snowy
peaks to the zo and south-west of the cam)
12. Karkung Vi (height 15,200 foet), OF mila small
village on a highly-elevated plain, which is said to be covered
with snow after January, It was bitterly cold when tho Pundit

Teh to Liisa, and Return to India wit Assam. 135

23, Tewten height 10,280 fect), 3. sniles-—Road descends
to the Tiiwing River, the valley of which contains namerons vil-
lages, and conatitutes the district of the samo name, At‘Tiwing
isa large monastery containing 400 Lamas, It, is surrounded
by a fortified wall.

From ‘liwang there are three roads to Hindustin—

Ist, The eastern route wid tho Sui Pass to Odilguri; this ig
the route followed by the Pundit.
| 2nd. The middle route wit the Makto Chiksim or Iron Bridge,
and the country of Mirastin {(belongin to Bhotén).

Sri. The western route down the Tawing River wit Jaki
Samba" and Toshi Kang. The two last routes emerge at
Dewiingiri.

TAwAxa To OnArourt—Distance 97 miles,
2A. Okar Vilage, 4 miles.—Road through deep snow the whole

way.
25, Pekhang Village (height 8010 fost), 2 miles—A village
with about 40 houses aa py hen m ¥
«26. Je walt ered (aie OOO. ae, 8 sates
igo over wor, which is a Ta]
timber bri the Tir Ri hich it id stream
about 40 paces in width and 4 feet in depth.
. Pan ing 1 —! ascent
27. Pang Khing Yokma,t 4 milez—A steep through

‘snow the whole way (Kebraary). Pass near the river t!
lange village of Jang-ln }00 houses)

Pang Khing Lhareha (height 12,880 feet), 54 miles—Roaa
up slight ascent alonga path that had been beaten down through
7 heavy snow. Thick jungle on both sides of the road,

). Pang hing Nyungma Dong, 8 milea-—A rest-house
near the village and fort of the same name, Two miles of
ascent through heey snow to the Sai Pass (14,260 foet),
fyom which there is said to ba a very extensive view; at the
time of the Pandit’s passage it was unfortunately obscured by
clouds. Four miles south of the pass is the village of Singi
Jong, belonging to tho Chona (or iiwing) Jongpon, The
snow only extended for 14 mile south of the pass, and its
deh was very much less than on the north,

). Iytpshang Village (height 8930 feet), 11 miles —The road
passes ‘a the Dhiring Valley, near the stream of the same
a ape its rise in the Sai ae ee ee Lae Ca

OV) en route, OUSeS: y
How), a Chiang (100s.

31, Camp Fe fonda Pass, 5 miles—Very steep ascent

Jldked Simba ie situated near tho Junction of the Lhobra and ‘Tawing rivers
‘ond is the honndary between Tawing and Bhotin,
+ A pang Uhdng is 0 wooden rest-house.

(187 )

‘VI—WNoles on the Duke of York Group, New Britain, and New
Treland. By Rev. G. Browx.

I anmtvep at Port Hunter, Duke of York Island, on August
15th, 1875, in the missionary brig John Wesley, and left by the
same vessel on August Sst, 1576, During the months I
resided there we were in constant daily communication with
the natives, and ae and whale-boat made man
journeys to New freland and New Britain, visiting the fees
and residing for some time amongst them.

‘Lhe Expedition, which was d under my charge, was
organised by the Australasian Wesleyan Met ist Missionary
Society, for the purpose of establishing a mission in those
islands, if found practicable; and for this pu T was accom-
panied by eight Fijian and two Samoan native teachors, with
‘their wives and families,

On landing at Port Hunter, a small house was cut and
erected by the crew of the mission vessel and the teachers;
coals and a few stores were landed, and then the vessel sailed
Yor Sydney, leaving us a small steom-launch ond boat for
exploring and visiting the adjacent islands. It formed no part
of the original plan ‘hat the writor should remain on the frou,
and uo suitable provision was made for such purpose; but on
arrival Mtpnmeth gk bated I la aS eRe pean to
remain with the teachers. Had this been foreseen, some
supplies, stores and instraments, of which we often felt the want,
would have been taken with us.

Duke of York Feland, as it is maths called on the charts,
is really a small group of twelve i » seven of which are
inhabited. Makada, farthest island to the N.w., lies in
4°°7 8, and about 152° or 153° =. long. I had no chart by mo
from which to obtain the correct longitude; but a chart was

during our residence in the group by Mr. Blohm, and
was forwarded by me to the Admiralty. is about
24 miles in length, and is the highest land in the group, It is

from the Duke of York Island by a channel or
about a mile and balf in width, and Cn from 6 to 17
fathoms in depth. ‘lwo small islands, calle iit, lie off the
WE. entrance to this lagoon, and are only separated from each
other and from the to fangor islands of Makada and Dake of
York by narrow channels. Tho lagoon thus formed is called
Port Ferguson. It is well sheltered and protected from all
prevailing winds, ‘There is another entrance to it from the
‘west side, with good channel for ships, ‘The soundings between
tho reef of Makada Island and the emall island of Maiit were

New Britain, and New Ireland. te

strongly to the south-east. During some of these montlis, espe-
cially January and February, it wax very strong indeed, und
the channel between Duke of York Group and New Ireland was.
covered with trees, which, from the number and size of the
barnacles adhering to them, and the gone of crustacea and.
fishes in and about them, must have been a long time in the
water. The current, I believe, changes during south-east
monsoon, setting north-west in that scason, but not running eo
ame cate ee pie! tho jaland, but '
are fow permancnt springs on’ tho large island, but on
Balin diet ce sey erhlsicn al Lenuiiniiiiclrenctvet Gin sea
Loon poeat gpteccpwat ane mone eaten emer
vessels as a watering-station, Water may be found on the
beach below high-water mark at several places, but the only
tance of anything parker in ing or small stream on
uke of York Island wus observ. i exporng the inlet from
Port Weeloy, which we were not able to tollow to its head, nor
to descrile the course of accamately, from having no compass
in the canoe. The inlet seemed to terminate in thick man-
grove swamps, with a small stream of fresh water issuing from
it atlow water. ‘The natives, however, report another stream of
good water as issuing on the beach ontside the western entrance
to Port Wesley. The islands in. this group consist. of coral
limestone, and rise at most parts abrupily trom. the water in
steep perpendicular oliffs. ‘The whole of tho islands are densely
led and very fertile, though tho soil is not at all deop.

{On Now Ireland we visited some of the villages on many
different occasions, and examined « line of coast extending from
Metlek, near Cape Bougainville, on the east coast, to a point to
the north of Cape Gevry, on the west coast, ‘This is about 150-

of coust-line. We also crossed the island from west to east,
point bearing .x.u. from Duko of York Island, reaching
east coast at a place enlled Kudukudu; the island of Gerrit
bearing ¥. 47.5 and another island, sw to be
the Caen Islands, bearing & by N. 4. Tho west coast
of s mountain range, rising in most places abruptly
the beach, with jagged and broken peaks, and intersected
deep gullies and ravines, which seem to terminate in
iy instances inland at the centre of the range, at the base
steep peaks, on which the marks of landslips ure. plainly
visible. ‘he mountains aro all well wooded, and the whole of
the coast examined was well watered by numerous small
streams and rivers, the bede of most of them showing that in
seasons of flood Large bodies of water find their way down them
to the sea. hore are very few fringing or shore reefs on that

SEE

Hd

rEEE

New Britain, and New Treland. iit

blocks by the tidal waves after any severe earthquake, when
tho natives of the particular district where alone it is eo found
take it and carve these figures from it, which they afterwards
tell to other tribes.

‘The island is not well delineated on existing charts The
range from Kalil (x.x.e, of Port Hunter, Duke of York Group)
adlly sl down to the north, and when near Capo

wry is much narrower than described on the chart; in fact,
at a place called Knrumut it is not, I believe, more than one
mile in width. To the north of Cape Givry the land rises
again very abruptly, and trends away to the north-weat.

expressing my intention to cross the island, spe
advised by the coast natives not to attempt it; and most it
aceounts Were given us of the ferocity of the natives, and the
difficultios and dangers of the way. I was assured that the
‘natives on the opposite side of the island would certainly attack
bins if ae Pre ene siesta ate! to ae

ey certainly exagwerated the dang

from miisindlington for us to go to any other’ district thet
own, they themselves really believed in them, and thonght it
very unwise for us to attempt to cross to the opposite side,
‘They live in such constant hostility toeach other, and are so-
afraid of tho Bush tribes, that they themselves rarely go out
of their respective districts, and would most, enalaiy exit to
Cniegeiee by any tribe through whose country they should
atte) a

One of our teachers stationed at Kalil, failing to induce any
of the people there to go with him, went im company with a
aman who had some ly connection with some one in the
interior and on ae en and on his return we started.
Our company consisted of J. Holmes, a seaman from the mission
vessel, who had stayed with me; W, Hicks, a half-caste een
man from Bi four Fijian teachers, and several Duke of York
and New Ireland natives, Wo started from Kalil and followed
up the bed of the Matakin River for some distance, and then
strnock across tho range which rises sears from the coast,
aad range was very rough Tee vb the Hangs very

necessitating some clim| in several places.
We Pacts tho table-land in about seven hours, From the
mountain scale an a small pocket aneroid the highest elevation
reached would be a little more than 2500 feot, ‘I'he reading on
the beach was 29-95, and the lowest reading in crossing was
27°20. After pinnae eae of be Craig nd soa

a pretty regular table-land for sov hours, in;

cate ‘seer only varying from 27°80 to 27°95; and oan
we descended regularly through a country where the road

Now Britain and New Ireland, 143

marriage feast is celebrated. We were told that these houses
are strictly “tabu ;” but in pee eee rained us
admittance, and by a few more we pei the chief to allow
the cages to be opened, that we might see the inside of them,
though the old woman who was sent for to undo the fastenin;
was at first very unwilling todo so. After a little more talk,
the chief all the gil to come ont to receive a few presents
of beads which I held out as an inducement to them, and we
then saw the inside of the of which there were three,
cach containing a girl. About three fect from the ground there
was, in each strncture a small of bamboo erected, and on
this the inmate had to sit or crouch, as there was not room to
Tie down. There was nothing in the cages except some joints
of bamboo, filled with water, of which we were told the girls
drank « large quantity. The atmosphere inside was hot and
stifling, and it seems go incredible that human beings could +
exist for any length of time in such Places, that it was only
after ited inquiries that I could believe it to be a fact,
When the girls got ont to come for tho beads I held out, the
old womin who attended them placed pieces of bamboo on the
ground for them to walk upon, as their feet must not touch tho
ground all the time they are in confinement. When they told
U5 that one of the girls had been eo confined for more than five
and had never been outside the house during all thax: years,
could scarcely credit the assertion, and it was’ only ‘after
inquiries and cross-questionings that I found that
sneh) was on the case, ‘The conclusive testimony was
ye

creatures would have a longtime to remain. When we con-
sider that these three structures were inside a house with clused
sides, standing on sandy soil, and surrounded by a reed fence,
through which very little wind could pass, we may form some
idea of the state of the utmosphere inside of them in such a
latitude as this. :

When we camo outside again, I saw some gitls with deap
fringes crossed over the breasts and back, quite covering

New Britain, and New Ireland. 145

The Pe of these islands are very much alike, and are
evidently of Papusn origin. The men of Duke of York Group
are not 80 fine @ race as those of New Ireland and New Britain.
‘They vary in colour somewhat, but are principally of a

brown colour, with matted, curly bair, which vari
to dark brown colour. It forms strong matted curls,
they stiffen and daub with red paint and clay, and occasionally
with black paint. ‘The average stature of the males is about 5 foot
6 inches, th many of the New Ireland men were over 6

in height, They are well made, lithe, athletic-looking men, of
spare build, very few of them being inclined to corpulence.

7
ee

have pleasant features, especially when , do most
i mayeerreer a

At Spacious Bay, on New Britain, I noticed a marked

difference in the They wore much ij in colour

‘Their also, was quite unintelligible to any of the
natives from these places; nor could any of us who understood
Fijian, Samoan, and ‘Tonguese, any to an
‘Kastern Polynesian dialect. Our visit was, Lowever, a very
hurried one. Both men and women wore a slight covering,
and the women were much finer than any we had before seen,

men and women at Spacious Bay, all the people are completely
naked. On all the islands the natives are nearly always at
feud with each other, and very few indeed ever go far from
their own districts, except to a few villages with which they
establish trading relations. The Duke of York people visit
several districts in New Britain and New Ireland in this way.
‘They rarely move from their houses without arma; but they
do not seem to have any regular system of warfare, nor do they
often meet in open figi but depend principally on surprises,
surrounding and conquering some few of the enemy by over-
Hing numbers. ‘Their nsual arms are clubs, spears, torn
wks, aud glings and stones. On New Britain stone-headed
clubs are much nsed. They do not use the bow and arrow.
Their houses are low, miserable huts, about eight feot in
length by five feet in width, and contain no mats or farwivors
u

‘VOL. XEVIN.

Nao Britain and Now Treland. ut

‘The fow words just given are found in many other dialects
Bf Eastern Polynesia. ”The Samom bas simply been selected
for comparizon, because it is the dialect with whi

familiar. In Fijian, Samoan, baie Maori, and all the
Langa error Polynesia, of those. ee Me

‘ol rt ith the exception, perhaps, of UMA

8 ables und words must.end with a Newel bai in these islands
this is not the case, and our teachers have great difficulty in
pomcebe. many of the words,

Hea oi Pepi Lele, appt sae: alone abe
only, whilst all astern Polynesians count to ten: eg—
Einglitsh, Duke of York. Samoan,
‘One, ra. ‘tna.
Two, ruadi, Ina,
Theos. taludi, toh,
our. ‘wt fu,
Five Mma. Timm,
Bix. Mmodt mn ro. ono,
Seren. Amst co ruadi, situ,
Bight: imads tou tulad, ‘valu,
Nina. imndé ma witdi, im,
t, eins, or limadi ma limadi, sefale.
But it is a singular fact that in counting couples they count to
ten, (cranes 923 pclae Pesce pergola same as those
used m. Polynesia, e.g.—
English, Samoan. Fijian. -—Duike of York.
On oto. odan. i.) 4 Conpl bw 2
Two, elna. ors. = tow 4
Three.“ ptolu. —@ tol. epgienthge*s 5
Four. @ fx. © vm, + Sak pit Ole
Five lima, —e lima, 28) aera
Bix. ono. 9 ono 08 oan AB
Ruvon, @fitn, ——e vit, ST, agit
Bight eral. ewnln, fim = 8° lf 46
Rimes otra PGTROM™ Vivo, =) 9, Ie
Ten. ewefulu. — tii. king = 10 5, 20

I am engaged, with the assistance of the teachers, in formin;
vocabularies of the different dialects, and have got many
from all the islands, but some further time and study are
required before ponine on the written forms, I give examples
of a few words, about the pronunciation of which there can be
no difficulty :—
i Samoan, Fijian, Dukes of York. . Neve Ireland.
taxa, rains,

Father. tamh. tama,
: tin, y)-
Head, ls ala, Torig (my). analuke,
Was, eye, manta, ping we antag (my).
San, is tee mane eee
vals, ala, tela.

rarame,
bulobute. mara. You,

New Britain, and New Freland. 149

which is invested by the people with some very mysterions
powors, but what these are we have not as yet found out. It
isa man ge Hey ee cone Linea an with his body
quite cover Cy] irdlee, Some wi are spent in
p ring for ee ceremonies connected with this affair, and
uring. these weeks the roads and de near the Duk Duk
house are tabu to all women and children, At stated intervals
the Dok Dak comes dancing out of the bush into the ‘villa,
square, when all women and children flee out of his way, as
haw the priviloge of beating or stoning them if he ean do so.
After some Breeton is a great feast, and all these Dule Duks
exhibit themselves. Then one or two of the chiefs advance and
challenge the crowd with spears, and then take their stand with
one of the Duk Duks at one end ofthe square, ish orgs
- or rattans in their hands. Numbers of the people then rush

Some of the blows scemed very heavy indeed, and must have
caused some pain to those who received them, Aftera great
many had been thus honoured with the old chief's rattan, the
ceremonies closed by feasting and distributing shell a
Trelandh and

New Britain, so far as we havo are divided into two
distinet classes, called, ively, Maramara and Pikalaba,
and the custom ia that a Maramara must marry a Pikalaba,

this rule is ever broken. saat Shere. were cal tu Zana
known where two chiefs on New Lreland had dared to disregard
this prohibition. The children sre all of the same class as the
mother, in all cases, and as thoy must all marry into the other
class, intermarriages ure thus in a meaxure prevented,
though in addition to this there are also prohibited degrees even
between Maramara and Pikalaba. The land, coco-nuts, and
fruit-boating trees also in all districte are ay portlanee: between
these two ioe sothat on the death of the fl er, the children
in most cases go to the mother's village, where alone they have
land or coco-nuts. I am pains “ Sapper mane that, a
custom, in some ‘ing forms aps, wil to
one of the distingui a seskela leeteh origin; whilst the
custom called Tuma-sa, or ‘Tamafafine in Samoan, Tamahe
in Tonga, and Vasu in Bilan wilt be found to be the distin-
ishing mark of what are the Malayo-Polynesian races,
‘his lust custom is that of attaching a gemi-sacred position
and giving peculiar privileges to the sister and sister's children.

Sosyorrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-5, 151

of considerable draught, Its course ie gentle and :
Kaen eetontionicciustt “Slovated

to the Yang-tso-kit shivPekstopienil other jess im it
streams belonging to the system of the Hoang-ho, Further on,

‘a mountain valley; on the sides are scen rich alter-
nating trcts; to the left, the wall of the
anow-clad Nan-shan, and to the right, the arid and naked

i, the viceroy of all the western border; at the present time

ition presented an
¢ roads letters bad

* A Chinese li is about equnl to one-third of an English wile,

We may observe, generally, that our
<oh Be ype seach for Oban, Along

Sosxorraxy's Expedition to China in 1874-5. 153

indeed, is in good odour the remembrance of the wars
mith he Prt andthe Engin tl ves the minds of the

nation ; neither is the evil caused A by Shao im trade

Lastly, the arrangements which I made a ‘Tso-tsun-tan for

delivering Attend at Guehen, and the gifts of mohey for the

réle,
A mile from aton we cross the steppe river Bulun-
ecw all vegetation ceases. We
rane But it is far from a wretched desert, where
ivations and riseri lies close
eae let ae Near such springs and in the mountain
is found underfoot not only for camels but for horses. In
places a mantle of vegetation extends for a considerable dis-
tance, affording browsing ground for herds of wild animals,

tho ods ok agi, = one branch to Uliasutai, 26 days’ journey ;

and the other, the ol ‘td well-made road leading to G Here
‘are several now branches ; to Kuldja, Ghogestate, Kobdo, and to
the Zaisan Post—by a ‘a good. roeiaped ne across Bulun-tokhoi—and
another straight across the desert, amid the haunts of nomad

m the 11th of January, 1875, the expedition acl Han-
kow, and by the middle of October we were at Zaisan, hay
traversed 2700 miles, of which 800 were by water, 160 wi
and the romaindor, 4.¢, 1700 miles, in carts,

The new route ix shorter than all others from
Beseaa teou ey dacueue a Cas it is available for
carts throu, hout, with the exception of the 160 mil les by pack-
animals; there is an absence of natural obstacles: the road is
level and hard, with water shere, underfoot grass and fuel ;
the road traverses populous loca! ites, 2 and only for fclghrcerghae
in Gobi is there no Lies ake oe whilst by every other
route throngh Mongolia ve to travel for phe: before
meeting a tear moreover, various means of locomotion
offer—mule, cart, or camel—while on the other Mongolian
roads one is restricted exclusively to camels,

We will now compare eee routes as regards the saving in
Aistance, time of transport and expense.

As distance, The aibtanoe, ay from ee ie
Hankow by Kiakhta and ies is 6970 v
‘western route, the distance from ‘Tiumen to es Eyes is

‘Soswovraky’s Expedition to China in 1874-5. 155

could compete with it, The Kiakhta route—the best of the
remninder—may be said to have been created by Kiakhta, to

ae agp claro» repipake esas te nd
a on the Fed anc wo pea pie en intersects
aera p ssa ees aby Bene mt

a Lites te anton of the different. ee wo
oped tho fe pring oe &
7 ih fie from the route journal of the ee ea

4 ites (1) from Han-chong-foo to Ching-tu-foo, chief town
of the Si-chnan province; and (2) two roads from
Han-chong-foo to Lan-chow-foo (Nos. 7, 8, and 9).*+

5. ‘Three routes, taken from the diary of T'si-ho-chow (trans-
lated by the Archimandrite Palladins), who was sent at the
commencement of the present century to Kuldja, with additional
information obtained during the ex fon 5 ri ‘a second road,
from An-sin-chow ee igh Gobi a Beer 2 ) fram piel
throngh Turfan rumtsi, and thence to Naas uli
(Nos. 10, 11, and 12),

PE IS tepeledteeny = bokeh
sectors ni Pas bose
ee a a

167

Too} goog "sszoy puw soynia ‘pve fq {H}v09,
Joeuvopy "co0uq04 ‘aoKyes "3139 “eO)—opesy,
star Karey Kaye
puw vune uy “D .s8—s98 tdy jo j1my aM Uy
Ly POH “woTMedea veup ‘PAZOAOD “UUTE-UUY OC)
Se oe
SI ZORL mT amndon, £4 pacorsng uo, lone Gop
= jpirey Cea 000 Kine oeeaae-ag ee Ta
Rama ove RURINeTUL A O08 RONNIE, Litt, Wee soe
Fs Oa o> mq uo Jo cuupsond oy cE wad} RIT aS um | tor | oe eet,
Ao] Jo sOUTTINO ONY HAE AIM oONLIETP
= uy My "VUOPIM LorTea oy seayey oN 3H)
Ean symtcopSomyouen oy totesng wong a | wom pe per wep stanSteP 9
SZ MoyTwORD eyereng yorryeece MyLI) ODE JO HMO, srda Srqty iroat meay oppduxdovyy | fesst | faor |" “* Aumestuuy
sepo2 Ki wy pomera Mang M0
“pore HO Ye pe wy, “sIFR OOO Jo MMO, | WIP You yMq “oa UF spydur yuo wire | fee | “ump-uonyoays:
Ry qt
i Sereree eae se
57 £q Sopa open oot 30 wR A Sawa, pus ‘oop usm jo pooqsnoqyaivu ogyug | fezor | feg | + uugrund-ye,
“pror [90] pool
FTE OGL +00)-Buoro-aeET oF Pood w EP 999 CHO‘T
“voy ayy uNETTEMTE ONCE Fa;pHpous
‘sueTqrTS OOO'SF “Kdoys Os "AD Toe}AzE) “yunose
sagnaoponn ywpoads sy soy YOR JO Yow | god gg sou ug mwas jo Ssipydosy
Ssured oqusudes os) onus ppENIP 23464 74dLE BO WAKO, cor daoy auf 30) BUOYS JO
-Coog) canon yorEIID w cq Port wdeq my O4y{ 50 yO ‘orp Bay eat
pun “(aoqe) uaoy ofa w ApomLE] FHA coj-um-nys | StnogyyP you puw yuonbasy oxom wprdey | 116 ne | copa

Sosnorrsny’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

159

Atha Quy Buaeg

Heise We
Labi e a ey yy
Hala iia isu)

ag pease abe tlie 8

i Be Wy
sds fs : an . 4
cae a) tu
8 Bact

HUE ats gael
z g 8 stndtie!

Fy 5 8 ease

ao “hte

4 i Hue

> OF HH

160 Sosnorrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

%
He 1. THe
fa He
eal
ipa i iii
i apis tia ite
; nee ibe
i BEE ; ide
i ee
| aaa tat Lehi
rE fi if
ta) 4 if ii
z& i oH A ee
a cl
Bala a
e zt Hi
z ES ate
ALE : S8F22 gaff
TE Eagaes Fak
|; Pees ace
Pid diley gep
Hb HY

161

Sosvorrsxy’s Gare to China in 1874-5.

Jo oBvered ous, ‘sioq[yno ef Jo #y029
Pexen puw pire on} 4q 34 oy Wo pue
faute-ue,

0 oer Kuous 043 £q

soumpeyp s1njue oxy £qre00 poroedaioocs ta
8] HF Yel oy vo fron Jo so}yUOIy
oy} 0} uoRDap TeONEs amy Bardooy
‘wou-T}OU spoery poe ‘oy-3aeqAy
9m JO UNG YoI OTF OF soeo1 pooy
‘004-MOHO-NS OL O0d-MOHO-NVI ROWS TLAOL
"183993
<my, woyeng pus epeSuney, Jo ov Tom 68 “oF
-oof{ Jo $O1NID JOSuR oy puv ‘ooe-weTT “w-nIIG
Jo oiyacid o4} Jo JwoUEH-10NIeA0H Jo SOOpIOY
“sou paw #yre0—myodeTesy,
“qzeqnye paw SqI8 ‘oooeqo4 ‘eo4—openy,
“edous 009 on
“soyTyares UveaTHEN A 099 OTA JO ‘OOO‘OT SHTEASTA] fi *U Loss 18 “AV
ssunSansy, 118 Jo Ljoyey pare ‘00-04-00, 10938104 | G-.L 98 IT
‘que8-neqg Jo exyN0D OATENSTUTUMpE JOIN “UO, B tees | fos 00}-moro-UeT
“00}-mono-1e'] PUB MOTD-NISy, U90KIOq
cond ainomp tuo omy Cu OOEL)
dogs @ ym woqo UTA 25 #
~qovar oxojoq spua ‘oyquonjoerd 4]700}x
“ApOyOYA uy souTU-Twoo yuvpodmy | ynq 11!Y WAop paw ial opomny ‘peor ont | 10s | fst woyo-te3-8 4. 3
“OSTA tsoe | fot UeEP-OLoNS
“oo}-ur-1g 04 oot24y S
Dae ‘ooyo-of] 0} poor v RoTTOUNG ‘nA-BIF|-UEY TOL ited 9% nd-qspusy

Sosuorvexy's Expedition to China in 1874-5.

162

royunont
Sapmoqysjer wo eouspunqe wy punoj qreqnyy

ae Bharata I
cacy AOU
ony. end oyerodor oa yo dn

‘opwr ‘Uao} sor38ICr
“oeTHA

“OSU,

son meant or aq oe
Puv syncee o}ye8 Tia ‘eqsIoq
Aqoor porn jo ysplea rT} UY sossvd pooy

hol cap los fse8eq
TH pekaneop sey Sava poor ony Sumry

‘muko} On Jo.TTBa oy Zopan gt ZOApr OT}

va ear ‘prow 0 amnneg

tee | f8
toss | {9%
ters | 8%
foot | a
tert | fos
Fert | tow
a | tes
° 88
won | Ser

“rand woe,

‘00d-MOHO-NS OL OOA-MOHO NVI WOW ALNOT
“panuszuoo— T “ON ALOOY

waorng 20 IRV,

Sosxorrsny’s Expedition to China in 1874-5. 163

‘and the rond

Cau g

a Hi isd i LF

On approaching Yun-cban-eian conntry | Village.

‘becomes
mall
ofert

2
& §&s giz z
a) 382 sia z
om oe aa

Sosnorrsxy’s Evpedition to China in 1874-5.

164

‘sou
omy a1 ‘pjog 40 asa2}20) zo43y9 “sun on axe e104 4
Lemorreyeq [woAos Jo syRIsU0O WosTEH “yq8ION,
Bupmoqyst

OTppyeT #41

e]pop * wo} suyMUNOW ONT, “TEA

“G20,

70024) ON} UF ONSET yoom OTTAHXO OT HO} GL, 9% OL,
“MOHO'NIS-NY OL 004-MOHO-AS HOWL
-edoys 008 “or
-aayuu Jo deoq © 04 poums gzgT cone 08% “yore 119 MAY
aang ‘suwpququt 000'0% Jo coud SuyqeyMog w [tote aI 8-.8F 63 TT
Sao] ON "UNY}-UVNE}-npsy, j40UL10; Po|feo UMC, tee | He 00}-moqo-ng
‘opyq ! ourea owes on} Jo zoaps ou Wo OFeTTA 9 | 8 MgO
‘Teaead povodxe pus pave yy moer
yea OBw] -aqRqpes oFzy] w rwou Burky oFviTA wo | tie * Wyp-uex,
“OBO, tao | tse W-aeqo-0oFF
cumoy, juss | fev Uap AOH
wen | Ee
wee ‘oy arg ‘Peo pam wor 10 emery
nae, ORO

‘004-MOHO-0S OL 00d-MOHO-NVT KOWA SLAOT
“‘ponuusquoo—T “ON TLAOY,

165

Sosxorrsky's Expedition to China in L874-5.

“wpre INE SPUNTG MT LTO, LFOGS 2AIVAK
jumyzodingan oped,

seas no] “90uTR

snag Ny say G [IMM w | PopEOLINg "TAO

SLIP ¥ AON ‘UOREaAHOp yumant sy OF pada
pee pow HE PHEW AIzoUIO, UMOT,

*moit-mop-rgt Jo olleyyt 2091 quayx9 yvox Jo erexoyg | **

Jo dune yaourmnd w ey o2nqy axoqa ‘nod
Jo oBvys oBsyy on MF Aare HUTA

our oyun pun pao oy

1 2 spL 44 popenosine ako} EVE NYO -Y

“whoo
Op UN
wii

uote 11 yo paw pwor of Fuopu $ jos] pu

DANONE *OOT-UIRY-TY ONST-HOF OT VIN OUTTA Y

sauna.
Aq Spapeny:

wee ee pon ea oyu

count soppy ar rea pros undee
oy pay “awd mans Om JO opuyTs
OM OPA Off SOqOTVAE 309] 04s OT

Ss THs 8 ALO

ene
|. gor

*y 01st VERY say
FoI OF WT

se ammo,

vos eng
8 suspoag
os pea

so eod-mept9

“= oodtonsory

Sosnovrsky's Expedition to China in 1874-5. 167

€ gusaee 8 2,

bo ges | |B

3 229 £
+f Hdd }
4 Blips Ht
ho an | lin
ee ee

4 coer 7

<5 Weaeetes? H
u tal FE
Ho pReHIg | 3)

“an # Pu eG
eee
gtd ad wie
1B 3 2 gp a'r
iain | Elda: BIR:
H ii Fe E j ai oat 4
Balai Gi B | sbtegtapsi
es i : dieing
wa aad :
ne oF a

A ee 4 :

Bia 33 4

= 34
re i

Sosxorrexy's Expedition to China in 1874-5.

168

‘ourea Twjo0ds ou
Sujavq pus“ pus “gy Zajuunr ofp
Axpor MOL 8 411842 OMT Uo ‘aeyS-uN,, OT
P| Om Wo $ morro OAV] sor GOYA
Na faites upeyenonr = Joos peor pron v | to i)

speor-yood
qdox-yiom y “quorpsoxs Ay[eiowed sf
Uuoqong) oF fnoyzog wo4y peos o71U2 oY, |

“TONS

‘NHHO-OD OL INOINUVA KOUA TLAOU i

-qorvar slop 9% ‘jnSEIIN 0} peo 8 speo]
Rope worg ‘edoys OOT “WoT! OOF JO NONE w

us syaeyrceqT 0909. “TTeM © £9 Poy yous (a6,
‘eouTyD oy} PUS NYOUYAL oq omy Jo UOT, ue j Can
“Thor[reg woyy ooyrer FT OVA
oq} UT yyS}a O43 403 Bupyeor ‘shop Zz
‘Uy ouop somemog “peor yu0][20x9
uy £q Avvo ope sy yorem snopaomay y | ¢z | 2g eye TAT
sees |
‘my “op aang ‘Poon jo omaseyy ANT | waovag 40 sanvy,

“INOTH4Vd OL INVHY WOU ALOT
“penuxwoo—] “ON ZLOOY

169

Sosyorrsny's Expedition to China in 1874-5.

ee ee Ee

40 "aati * on Laois: OB tl 0} “eauOMIOS 304,
‘edup gr TU ay “wR ‘emp (2). ‘nmsuqyed-urtefoH. (g) To-uyao-poe GG) mee cwreponanery ($) ‘oqo-unizp-n1 2) *aPy-mOR}-cHO TT
() ‘mom -up-rq_ (1) "ara Spoor loq>o}-unpag —pqogy oF Go yonbord pwnHTI, op yw sOUIH paw KOM” EIS 3} UOU Spent woYONE)-opqon N
On Suoye epvoy 9 euoR Ue On JexY O4F AOE “VAD JeM] OM TUT AOLONS KyonN pry In F MAHER Hy pone TOWN eT
siriniceag Oar een rs 2 ma rear ra eae a oe ea
an GT Go paw an “padorangr Gn) omme-yop-anser (20) Careaed ‘EOL, Gu) pens Gr)

caniony, C11) "PATON (OT) “undua (@) “poe opqonsy 2uoqe soysruun yySy9 aerh Ct) law os et ean tomar tit saat OD
‘woamyy (6) eoryor-mnqnge oF yours mou) opn-yuaURy ‘eqzn-nMany-cwaioay, (1) teaymunone opiog-pn img awu) oun-nvgis (a)

m0 (Seams @) Gonyerenoe a ‘wee pn (G) oor-avoHT @) ‘aor-up-reg CD i opqory 1 Poa moa ht

spvod \wudAes a20 OBO) WoYT-nE) WoL
“180d NVSIVZ THE OL NIHON Rout GLAU

wloqs og Juwoywsiu; opeAL “woos 000s
Any os] OY ‘WOME, Jo QuoMOT es Saw
OMB} poos yuyoasAGD vy) vo SOIF OG IY | “0089
Jo noggin w pov sorrorey 999 ynoqe—nqoTUy oun
[anda Ss en oo SE or te home OT ohh WUT
ia
woo on 4% PunOL ony oF prkoayp KU MACY HINT, tos | $8 * “uoHo-ng
“woryo-ng) 9 possess
mou vorrexjerarapy ynq ‘amoy ojos omy AlouLIE,T hoe fuse | jor ime Oy TK
“SAUIIFA oayeus} Xo WU JO eOTOE IN, eer iid “Toren,

Omg HOE ON AWONY “wotuLLIMD IOs 4p
Sy) 1 sib Syo0s Jo (ial
Om Uy OTYOP F # pros on Bory | foot

5 Lk)

Sosyorraky’s Expedition to China in 1874-5. 71
S48,
it

L

i
i

w
‘axnati, Tol
1136 miles,

ree

5435
ive { Gig
: aay 3 :
id def ao i 1
; di tend 4.3!
1 oh dei ay
“Udell
a i = Jats grtke
te dias
oe Heng
3 fee
he ae
aud Hiiey Ha
fay i ran pet
g6 E23 Hig aah
af 0 FESS 5j23 jel
zz Fenses & iis aii
— eating
: Py [ie cea! sae 5a 22 cel
2 i LSA PEE et]
3 a224922 s3eaisd2
HOTEAH alga
a aszaed *acaia:

Sosworrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

172

rcopeepormndod |
APPAR pte peysapms pect Jo sopye Ty0q uo

tp ee pore
yetndod ¥ qanor
sonra HesBeyive 20} Poo, una
~aoiig, paw ‘aoqo-mpranyed ‘oey-aIp

(wiv0q Ur poyone oBeere -doop 30 8 F
‘pean spent ou‘or: Pa aye women Po

solipiaq oumys £q exoay [e10A08 soso
peor ‘woqo-oo8y, paw coed siqy uoomyag

pied
ie ‘Way poroaco ‘kujo-Kpuvs Spred
Aiyivd poy, Yow opt ©

‘moyp-ozy, paw ueys-ue8

«| -er zo suutos oy qSnomy yoou-n3n08

spac; 3] “Cea on} [[9 soFeyzre0 205 poor

ez | 89

oo oopuypmog:

oe uoqe pr

soy

‘oy saapa ‘pwog Jo ommrey,

aap
wen | “Umer

71 eon

‘MOXNVH OL WALVA Ad AONAHL ‘AVIG-VISL-IHS OL NIBAd WOT

3G ON BLAOY

worn 10K,

Sossorrant's Expedition to China in 1874-5. 173

_—T

ij act i

i ae

oY i 4

whe 233

i tal

ves ae aa eau

iff 2B Efbepaines
hes ee

gels : |
ru

ge

Din-chow
Sin-low-sinn
Chea-din-foo
(River).
Cho-lin-
en Giation}
Khuoi-lrsian
Chin-din-sian
Pobin-din-ohow
Show-yan-sian
Thhai-yuau-foo

Soswovrsky’s Expedition to China in 1874-6.

Rovre No. 2—continued.

FROM PEKIN TO SHI-TSIA-DIAR, THENCE BY WATHR TO HANKOW.

i
fil) isan]
gé BUSSE85 BE
dl iaHe fs
i ay its il
i) Geb F

Bul-gow-sian
‘Tei-sian
Lian-tsmn
Sitan
Tsinchow
‘Drian-dxi-sian
Gow-pin-sin
‘Tenrja-foo
‘Tain-hus-chen

Sogworrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-6. 1%

pitt

Hi

i

. He

3 aged

i} oy

ay a i and
Difeef|] Gat GaN fF
iii im a
aye g =| 2488 4
af eee.
ge) ae ep
iE Guo
Ff B oie as
ru g q peas BB
SILL ‘SB OBE A
g sgsae ges 8 32.8

Sin-tea-kow
Chen-chow
Bian-sian

Yo-lan

‘Yui-chow
Shi-teia-diar
Beodian . ..
Jiskow-temn ..
‘Yan-dian
Ban-ter-gan
Bai-ra-pu-chen
De-anfoo

176

Sosnorrsky’s ae to ces in 1874-5.

bit 4
88%
ao ‘ry
samoy, us | at + waqo-Teg
*OU-TAY, O47 JO YInOMT oT ye OBeTTA OBIE He a 9s 08 + gey-OYT
codes [youmg | ** ‘uoqo-uey 04 soyvm £q coucyy, | 969 a T-Sp-TVrT
codey[A owt AEE ¥09 98 ee - UL
“ON-UBy, OFay STE] OF-eTS
rar ‘ool sdoqg ‘ooo'os ueHqeqUy ‘edoys pas
somoy-olojs OSE] “YSU Opwsy, “sal F [Ie
~KO} Jo oousrejumMoND “Buo] sopra Z [Twa Op UHL w
‘Wy}A pousgyucrys qrreq 39 3yr : Apuws pus mol 3Teq
VOT “OT-VGg OG} Jo sym G}Oq TO ee ee r 28pyiq Aq oy-vyg s24yy eID | Egg 06 uoye-uvs-soay,
Auep_ ‘awe uaoy, “nou pus Sao1ys oy Tre OUT,
‘sounieyumor uy sof g [[WA w 4g popunal
10s pus ‘suyeyanom £890 Suours Ayavo v Uy
P>yenI1g “Uoyo-ou-tey, pores {[rOULIO] Tua TAO} STYT, ow | 06 Se momo
“wurejtmour ons ode tyes are worHOG O73 UO,
EEG Ly See agar
i nq
‘sBurpping eug my 05 pojou puw Lqyrwou ‘szuIdewy,
m7 Jo SuojeMoUy og} ezOJOq ‘ONT CUO FuSBA TAO} FIT, ess | sh [ot + Moqong
cauy sz | ug | + merp-esy-cog,
wen | Sar
cnvery “2p ‘mary ‘peg omen snorig a0 emery,
ed

“NHHO-NVd OL AOX-NVH WOW ALNOT

‘ponusquoo—"g “oN, SLDOY,

17

“mone-aNTS
29 99240 ‘oop uy 30. NMP f-HOGS Jo ousAceT Thy he soe

oo DoeoLUNTG
set | oF uvyeuny,

4 scr | og AOL RUEL

‘exoy sooanuraioo WBN Ij poy | gis | oF nen

& “suyeyemomt £q ep [Iv Uo popunazins ries oe | oO BLOW

2 shorpou9gy

JO. MONID oop-treL-cmX Jo youNsTp 'aMU-9T Jo OOUPAOT woe goe | ot ‘wUpe-TURTO-OGD,

a oos | 08 000d)
om | oe MOR R-URE,

3 ‘onp-uv-mX oF 3PM NOR PLOT ost | 08 soy -Baor-eg

x “wyuog TTUuE 03 oF ue woe oot 09 Cee -OeO
~ | 6 Seopeuyp-THI

‘eoGeztiwo £9 cop-amyg of cous ‘900g
| SONI OF JuINq oFpoddo oy OO | Ut OpwaT KF TM-CoFT FY ayy sw KoUMNOG | «+ = oo} Bunk Samy
‘TISNAHS 40 FONIAOUd AHL NI
NAMOU ATH ‘OOd-NVIS OF ‘ONVENVH YXAIL HHL NO "IMA 40 FONTSOW HHL NI NAHD-NVA WOME
g "GON mLhO

‘TALON ONV 'NVN-OH TINO dO SAONIAON AL HOAOIDL ‘MOWNVH OL NIVAd WOW 3
*F ON aLooy

-Sosnorrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

178

00-0013
sore
98
ve
Sco OF MSc @
36 | oF + UReUNE
ora | og Mowey-UoT
sos OF men f-omysegy
cos og WPUBsL
sos | oF U00k-UAT
so2 | og moyo-n0yg
see | oF uvpp-wed-yog.
soo | 08 ood-vatp-ao,
st9 | og wen
soo | oF = ognt-npy,
rer |

— “ag “uaa “poogy Jo ammyeys ‘syria a0 sory

“FLU soaHeKL

‘ISNHHS 40 HONIAOWd AHL NI
NAOL @1HO ‘OOd-NV-IS OL ‘ONVIN-NVH BHATH FHL NO ‘Idd-H JO JONIAOUd AHL NI NAHO-NVA HOWL

“ponusyuoo—q ‘ON SLAOY

179

Sosnorrsny’s Expedition to Chinayin 1874-5.

HUM, OF JO INAS ONT HF MUET-UR PONE

-urwntt>ag 0 opuysoud ax) o} peor
-adetie3 w eoyomeny oom qq oon. "Hert paw
ugh Jo ype fy een Togas wa UO} Te,

‘aoy{yeay aod oy xo4pq4 Buypsogse ‘sjo0r

VE CUp-MOTIN A OF MOTO IMIR, TOT
“ajoay Srp,
woxrve w ro ‘eyyshor, o1quxrpie4s® 2010
somNowoR paw rade pew ety 3040
ond pra Orgy re-creKor gy SATEEN

“OOA-MOHONVT OF OOA-NV-13 HOUT TLNON

“9 ON mun0y

Sosnorrsky’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

180

“O0d-MOHO’NVI OL OOA-NV-IS HOWL DLAOT

“ponuspioo—'9 ‘ON LLNOY

“oPTTA 008 ob ood-1]-waqg
‘eanoeryeun yoom oouweadde uy 3nq ‘ne-uvyy Jo
eouzaord 0} Uj sask0} oTOI} JuB}od UN} ys0UT OM} JO GUC) sce | og Up-op-un'T
’ son | os UT,
“TONS og | 0% ueqe-ned-o7
queprodary we wes ayy Ayowug{ ng oT} JO oar ous UT | 48 seo | og oHeA,
‘pus succes suyoyahour % sot poor | Seg oF o3-uy
"yoom pow T]n0s og3 Uo THO} OMT ZOpIOG sUTE)
“Uno yy UoyE-Uny-UY OU, “WB, Fargo SUT opr
TTMOs om TO “HTB AOI WANG THA walos ZoUHETCT si | on oy THRU,
‘ofA sue | oF mere
pt
hogy Yorys oUF ‘y-0A mvexys Appnor mozes O43
9% yoexTOO PoxZeCI ¥ mLI0} aioFEIA Pronfred oso
‘qnp poe up, ‘sorwerys omy oem
UY ‘Ways Mout oy; wo poyenys onboard SAAT ‘+ 1 snoupeyanomt pus ymomT Prog | ser | 09 moqo-UIRT,
Je-uoyg Jo syuoumeA0p) oT JO exOprOg O43 UO OFUTTLA Hat sis | oF Tenkay
“uaoy, oss | oF Ween-T8TD
. ve, | Er
“onvery comp ‘sara ‘peow yo omy ssrorig 40 cx,
“TIO Soom

181

Sosnorrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-6.

smozoumna 8268019 om ‘srr Leto.
par jo vodoys onl om Buoys syu0080p
Pus eyuooss swoipus Mya SuTUPUedIOg

gor

SRRSSRRBLA

so uueareTUE

Sosnorrany's Expedition to China in 1874-5. 183

mremree pes noes Beafing pus pove

yO epaoo *eo1g rw
soc yt mop oxquoanR | “hun ogy oF BapaD "wosayp NOLO,

ag | oft ‘ry eep-ea-TTS
ponies om to mieaiad Pet eyes
“WORMS | juonbex; jo soumnbesuce ur yuowp pry | Os | OG: Be em tine
“aoeqorwn [6x408 205
“OUR Ue LOMO. “uORVE | sme € 2040 Fox poos oq} yuTOd ory} wor | ORE | OD SRE
. SH070-0
Snqea-Bupdly paw vores yo So[{ “UoHMg | oy puosseor v soyoueG yujod mY wor | OFF 08 “ Unp-OuyT
‘oompd-Suppoy omy Fajavoy
"QORME | 2048 woos FuyoaourMD mm uoeq VY} 09 0b meng ek
“WOH HoNMAHA TL OG DAT OT.
Pee mt 09 acess So Tarot aed. ‘og THEY
Kq'tjoateagosn peyetadod aio yoru ov Iw
anny jo ood oars oxw Sxon], Wop Uy SSA a 06 * eodaiog
- ‘ISLNOAN OL NYAWOAL OXY NVHO-Id HOAOUHL INVA Wows TLOOX
, “IT “ON BLAH
“aRp
EPI] Jo woHE oy poored ej duw-jUA “UO, 08 mrt

omy
Jo Saide paw oBuryea pyome ony ey AMMsTOTE

Ris
A

Sosyorrsky's Expedition to China in 1874-5.

uy eal
fl BueTe
ui esledie
ai ieee Hi
ry Eee
A Mad
fi, u alae

$a fia} diviny

Hi wf ait

oy fi lbs

ha. ae

fot: yf die

a Bo i

iyi | dithual

BE £8 € 2 esd

= ek 2 & & =

<a if : ‘ 3

fiidal

Sosnorrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

186

“RST

08h | OF age-e7-1g
“oSTTA, oe =| ob reg
pear
yeyoasnyQ oy Jo qousiq ¥ sper yoyod wy woL Silesia oso 09 nsn-wluy
TMOWEP | possoro oq 04 oawy OAL
“ade A | cures ony Jo soyomerq oT ‘unp-ny TEN | O6T OL uppy
“poseaso 9q 0}
OAwy sureens [Teme corqy Lease “OSes OBIE V 0s oor yepty
“oRSTEA ose | oF EDU
“OSS, oes | oF I-uoqo-og
“myrveu “mol sy 2970 OTL
qvar8 pofofue wopooumsuzoupeg “usgy qnqeA Jo | ‘Boyurom Lp¥9 wt o1qupsoy 4UQ FOAHE
spavy O70] [[oy TACT UOT, “UBY-Te]-1g ‘esaUTYD Uy | deop @ sso srvUEA MOY soj}u COTY, | OFS 08
‘yeas 08:9] seo owonsy pus n[NG-OL,
“oBeITTA | woompog “Iq-09-NH 120g owed 11.04 27UY | 08% 08
“oRuTTA | “+ a08-owy-ny-moyg oferta of Lease | OLT OL
vanj-o4-o7] L[z0ws0} pores uO], | **ood-oa-1¢y Jo oFeTIyA wt pwor Buoys OF | oor
ven | er
wvary ‘oy ‘aeare ‘peoy Jo aunyeny ‘worng 40 eaKYN,
TI oon

“SSVNVA HOQOUHL VAIN OL ISLWNNUN HOUT

GION BLQ0

187

Sosnorrsxy’s Expedition to China in 1874-5.

‘wHIVI) ‘HO ‘a

“mo8-unj-n]-ovjg JO DOHEIG Ov #1 11 09 IV.
condor
og} Jo 3x014[Nq POOMEAPE Om} POFOPIAUO FEMA "UAC,
eA
“(08-15
2791) Uy oppefen w oy owed oy} Jo srurums Om IV
ye ens Sor ia org eteenont et
om 38
jeedhy out, “ewquren ony i010 wed om Ctrodaat
‘soousmrmoo ‘usq-eq Tea 4eq-4qRU Woy I OF IV
‘euyeymour yam popunozmns oSeyt A
“OSA
“SOTA,
“eeno8i0y, Jo O3viTA,

ofema | °°

“OSSTLA
“OBSTA

“OBC,

aoa |

“oeTA

vo youvar pace Somaya

“aens}-eqg Suse] Joys
s{ogyp exour somoceq pus ‘<pues poy
“wo}¥9}8 3x0U 0} Sonu
-uoo yor ‘Apres quid ayy may peogy
‘+s gnaw tzeapr Brey ev0rp

38 22888

a

238

tinea rt ali

ohisa aa HEH
Hal Eee

Proren’s Journal of a Route from Jask to Bampiir, 189 ;
11¢h.—Halted, ill. River-bed 500 yards wide; channel now —

200
Tek Ooarte 2. 10 points s. At 4 miles di gavage:
Haimani date-trees; sand-hills, At 16 miles high banks of
shingle and Sadaich River. Water, renga
ith and 14th—Violent storm ; river omnes
; as ee Scere reser wg
yards, Kept to sou hills, over
11 miles, Sarag. ‘pana of ir ew my pa wells,
a water, and se
'6th.—Course £. 7 points s., over hig! De cae! banks 5 ot
at if mile low rekon hil hills, At ae miles
firewood ; water in wells 14 mile re
17¢h.—Course x. LO? W., headit Karwan district. At
3 miles crossed small Kishi allah. Siig area of low
salt mud-hills, containing veins of led shtirs, covered
with bright yellow sant sions At 19 miles, see sh = va
of trees, WNW. crossed Karwin Ri

at 8 smiles reached. Jowdar i hilla, Hie see thers
crossed tiver twice more. adie At 26 miles

inzi, Bed of Domo perk channels numerous
and small. Water, fodder, and firewood abundant.
18th.—Coureo N.N.W. Marched up right bank of Karwan
River, and at 6 miles reached a range of barren hills. Rounded
the north-west end, and en’ tered Tonk River. At 9 miles left
it, ascending right bank; Ieft bunk high cliffs. Re-entered Tonk
River, and ci ‘at IL miles branched to right, down Pooliia nullab,
heading for Kohi Sihran. At 15 miles ascended yery
file, under brow of Sihran, and made steep descent into
Gori River. After much rough travelling, at 19 miles struck
Sartépi River, and camped among low shiirs of various colouns,
from booclaye to ee ey ich gish (Nerium olsandrum),
poison for camels; fodder; firew ls i
rivor-bed, here about 100 wide,
19¢h,—Followed Sartépt River between low shars, backed by
hills about 800 feot high, and at 2 miles entered high shingly
plateau, To the w.s.w. is the Gou Koh, 6400 feet hi Ri
whence flows the (Gou-rig) Gabrig River. ‘To our it the
almost parallel rangos of Ligandi and Shariki abut spon 1 path.
At 4 miles, rounded north-west bluff of ee and kept on
for Shariki. Theso are two striking ranges, about
ES ch, and ima oe
in co ees, ‘They com fore the

-Fxoven’s Journal of a Route from Jask to Bampor. 101

remarkabl Har arid perpendicular; alternately 6 inches of
yaa 4 of chocolate-coloured pet t Entering
the Kalkia District we followed small for dis-

8 miles entered Piagi Valley. View | icent ; immense
boulders of dark green, crimson, and purple, intersected with a

network of white wavy veins, here of every colour of the
rainbow, Crossed iver, and rounding foot of right-hand
Kalkia Hill, ‘river; A two large ‘sno

wrewhite
boulders in mid-stream’; river eur detie called aed
depth’ of 1} foot, Passing up steep ealled | ’
Site, oo itcrod avon OF kia ah tet eh and
colours, At 4 miles crossed small Hiidar River, on the of
which are said to be many small settlements; strata here
pendieular snd wor g/t df caateridls hal Ibewtelmsored) abou
when half-consolidated, At 6 miles passed between two of
four conical flint ‘hills, called Katal Jantn; one peak, a rich
blood colour; heading for high hog-backed hill, Siga Pasht:
many curious tall conienl penks scattered about. Rounding end
of Etat ocd ite Bale acs
the River near where the Sign Pésht stream joing it.
Phegi rivor-bed, a quarter of amile wide, contained small walled
of wheat and four or five date-trees; owners probably
tonding their sheep in some place where the spring vogetation *
was more abundant.

Followed Siga Pésht: stream 1 mile, then Gari River, bed
white with salt, and at 21 miles reached settlement, Gari
Darip (Gari River hollow). River dammed, and water led in
ane: through fields of beans, coarse tobacco, whoat, and date-
groves. River is perennial, and contains much water-weed 5
sirike, or upper-storied huts, om tops of all surrounding hills, in-
dicate many mosquitoes. Settlement contains five respectable
Eien whom uae is et ps sors of Mir

ji of Bint, a corpulent, unhealthy man, who resigned
Hie eben to rustieate here. pas soil laces the
shir strata, and the layers are 8 inches thick to 2 inches of

sandstone, Bao hilly, but more than before; and
seattered al Passed up ‘prongs skingly’ ‘river-bed,
leaving village of Daskir on our left, Ral Gudir on onr right,

cj
with a’ ‘th of 1 foot, said to originate’ im Band-i-Nilag,
and is an cin perennial tributary ofthe Ray 1
Passed betwoon villages of Tarampdg and. sll around
are date and other behind which are barren hilla. At2t
miles a Fandch road strikes off to the left, past the Umkitn dato-

Frorer’s Journal of « Route from Jask to Bampir, 193

agri ee
m ameter, * 3
pains a Rempaligve ie 10 feet: hi Lig ee of a
framework of date-sticks, thatched with ieee with
rope-netting. Genes rah ts cae but
not mately more endu: more sac.
at bods, Dorke ys few and snd Say puted i from Oman;
pe dete ad ee ket Fodder SE cam
aise Geneesl topinit conrens snes of the
Persians, blood fouds, and confident ex; i the

lish are shortly going to take the country. ‘
—dollars, rupees, krans, half-krans, and floss sill.

The in arrangements are bad, some crops withe:

while are drowning. The river is led into four fi
ieee See, "according to

Tinea Ape neceigy tbs acreage.

Salaee ver ogaty cibie session be oF

haying obtained three enormous camels, started at oie
, accompanied by Balich servant, and two camel-men,

Plereing north-east wind and driving sleet. We cut off a

broad shingly river-bed, studded with gaz, Many heaps of
dead leaves, to be used like the kik grass-roots for i
manure in the streets. At 15 miles cepalld to camp, being
unable to drive mon any further on account of execisryi
Fodder, firewood, and water, abundant throughout march. Gaz
réghan commences here, from the fruit of which, after a ary
seuson, a valuable oil is extracted. Much trouble und even

with camels, who were all males and mad with * mast.”

Morning icy cold. With much Benth’ got men to
proceed. Distributed blankets,

Our ronte lay saan the i He the Bre pale eat the stream,
sometimes along banks of sand and shingle. At 5 miles we
fairly entered the tx Soe red rock, under which
an a pale-bluc. poo! to be very deep. was very

it ei us idly, and the tee Pabich is the
ol ly i to 2 bes with huge boulders.

18 pimpreen about the Kelit-i-Zangi is wildl,
beautiful. A confusion of hills and rocks of every iuing able
colour: bright red, burnt umber, soft crimson cele parple
velvet, white, purpled-steel, and all shades
from olive-bluck to emerald. has" emai elon
and they were brought out by the xain with a richness
brillianey which defies description.

VoL, XLVI. °

Froven’s Journal of a Route from Jask to Bampir, 195

Strong camels moderately loaded, and attended oui
men, traverse the Fandch ot this ecpson. ae

attempt it, Men on foot must strip to the armpita. nin
summer the pasais oasy, but is always impracticable for whealed

—Cold extreme, Started half an hour after sunrise,
accompanied hee twenty “at tas boys Ee on
donk peetn mal for bringing in grass-
roots =A ees firewood. Pi ee a Toe
makys ys and singly ae eee Passed Pai Duld . aniles

borer} scat apni spi, tl ofa Bi

isthe northern limit of pish. At 11 miles we the hills;
before us was a desert which, owing to exactly re-
sombled the sen. Across this, ia the blus distance, were the
snow-covered Basman and ‘Torik ranges. hence
was along tho southern boundary of the desert, over flat
sand and gravel, from surtace of wl

thinly studded with len pirtrees, vivid. n agrich-bushes,
Par Oe ai crossed chee pierre

This
= comes from the desert to the northward, and flows sats
cast, having a romectret 500 um wide, with a,

were grown, The Gives
nor is Hussein Khan, a relation of Mir Tati, the Chief of the
Hit tribe, who lives at ae The Ma Pia Barre to be of
three classes: sallow Per “eppeet iris, and a
third class of square-faced, beardless eee in Persian dress.
‘Tho knife worn here is called a kich (abbreviation of kith chin,
grags-eutter), A thick piece of split down to within an
inch of one end is’ the handle. The Bee Ae foot poe oleae
pivoted in the contre, having one half
made into asaw. The sheath is ge Pencd nating
‘The fort is much dilapidated and the town laa ehh en
Fendch and Bint resembled English
Mask Hotan bad so much the "per of the grote

Fxover’s Journal of @ Route from Jask to Bampiir, 197

The two camel-men, who were together on the big camel,
hase sto] oa getneata bepeed spe eamel-fodder; and

8 guide, anxious to insure his uj ere proposdd to me
pele take advantage of sete ign fn Lachin
Chah, the ordinary stago, and to ‘at once for Goshkok.
Assented gladly, and we pressed on as hard ox we could over
the heavy sand. At 27 miles entered a broad, dry nullah, and
followed it fora mile, leaving Lichin Ohah on our right.

Tt was a fine, cold, bright day, and the camels were in first-
rote order; we made yery good travelling for 40 miles, as
nearly as Tecould estimate, and just at sunset. ascended a lofty
sandhill, and gaw the white Bampar fort in the far north-east.

Here we camped, the men having mutinied three times, and
the camels a signs blechanelan ‘Tt was pitch-dark before
we had a fire; bat we had brought our water and food, and cut
fodder on the way. T pacified the camel-men with a leg of
precio chal” but they knew we were somewhere near

Excepting where wo had gono aside to avoid Lachin Chih,
the ee of to-day : y's route had been along a well-trodden path
over the ls.

27th—Mfter an intensely cold night, started an hour before
sunrise. Slight frost, whitening the i if

leafleas h, After 3miles of heavy sandhills we reached
Geshkok, a pool of rainwater under a small hill, the occasional
resort of wandering Lishirls, and the general camping-place for
caravans going gouth from Bampir; the pool is said to hold
water three or four months.

At 5 miles the sandhills end, and the xe ies eee
going north-east to Bampar, and the other north to Kasimal
From a high sandhill on boundary, saw a broad belt of trees
running meanest desert, in which the forts of Kasimabad and
Bampar could be distinguished, the former bearing north, the
latter 70° z, Road hence over stony hills and shingly plains.
re 11 miles hs road from Kisimabad to car ate

‘ot caravan, fourteen donkeys carryii ‘in par.
At 16 miles entered the belt of trees, Hck sontietadl mostly of
three kinds of tamarisk and kahir,

At 17 miles crossed a shallow river, about 40 yards wide, with
arn depth of 1 foot. Course now nearly east through
ay in pices of cultivation, and intergocted by numerous,

|, and well-kept-up irrigation canals. At 21 miles de-
scended steep path into Bampfr fort, and received quarters
from the Governor's major-domo, ‘The good Persian spoken here
jvae very grateful after so much of tho slovenly Belach dialect.

|

Mosrens’ Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps. 201

of Gurini Hills, After thirtoonth crossing, our course was
westerly, through rich spring grass. At$ miles ascended tho
faeskoel got a

rs ct the
rong grassy, well-wooded bottom, hemmed in on

oth site tine hills. Overtook two men with eee
ing pish to the coast. pee log Ae them, the:
Sadaich ronte to the left,
with indistinct instructions. Crossed a amall river, pie
the Haimini, and skirted the base are lofty hills to the west
of ua At 10 miles, entered intricate shins; at 18 mie eet
«small oasis Rope! trees und a se and,
ca campo, Water filo, and sete east Be
end camped. Water varus north, apdry mri te ‘fer sheep,
and fire-wood, p!

We are just~ eert the Huni Mountains. eo route was
ee ly rough travelling’ for eee elie there it ee
vesti; ‘@ track after ing with the route,
pete we had followed ten of Persian gipsies.

Tth—We marched over a sandy shies acros the Gi
River, and rejoined our former route, At 15 miles car

Started as soon as the moon was up, and, riding steadily, at 32
miles reached Jask.

IX.—Notes on Bolivia, to accom iginal Maye.” By
Grorox Cxaworrm Musrens, Retired mander, RX.
(Rend, November 26th, 1877.)

One of the least known of the South aaa States ee
were formed after the final overthrow of 1 ns, Sea vate
regal Government in South America, is the Republic of Bolivia,
occupying a vast and irregular area in ee interior of the con-
tinent, peal previous to the year 1825, was known as U ee
Pern. The Ropublic of Porn borders it on the west, cutting it
from the Pacific seaboard, excepting a sinall strip of coust ae
tery throng which tho Tro aot Cy ricorn pastes. The Empire
of Brazil, to the north an ; the Argentine Confederation
to the south; and Chile to the tained are its conterminous
neighbours, although the boundaries, passing ‘h_ much
unexplored and almost unknown territory, cannot be down
with preci. ‘Thus it occupics the centre, or, as may be
termed, the heart of the great continent of South Ret)

* The original Maps, from which the secon hag boon reduced,
Dave beaar eeoctat By Unset atotane og Ne “They consist of
Fiaheets, the vale boing 15 inches t0 the dogres.

Mostenrs' Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps. 208

those on itiow ated oi err depend, have been deter-

even four observations,
ihe foostteden from Sucre,
ao time rights, checked by prismatic compuss bearings of

tion on return, An excellent watch chronometer ae
was used, and it was found by experience that its rate was
more when placed between the folds of a rug on the
pack-mule than when earried in the pocket. =

‘The longitude at La Paz was recently determined, inde-

ly of tha chronometer, by means of | of
No. 1 satellite and Junar occultations; these observa-
tions, as well as those in Suere, were made with a S-inch
teleseopo by Troughton and Simms.

The windings of the roads are Inid down from compass
bearings taken all slang the distance being arrived at, on tho
plains, by estimating the rate of travelling and noting the

and in the mountainous parts simple estimation.
Acgreat many of the intermediate points were, however, checked
by eross-bearings of the most conspicuous mountains, the posi-
tions of which had been Hale So with care, AIL
ings were taken with a prismatic compass’ by
‘Troughton and Simms,

For the height above the: sea-level » 2)-inch aneroid
barometer by Troughton and Simme wae originally depended on,
but afterwards, suspecting the accuracy of its indications, and
having compared it with several other aneroids, all of which
Une more or less different reading, Mr. Minchin ordered

Mr. Casella some of his boiling-point thermometers.
These reached him in the year 1875, together with their
corrections from the Kew Observatory. He has since taken
observations with them over a mngo of 10,000 fect, and com-
paring the results with the aneroid readings, bas corrected the
‘observations by tho latter accordingly. Not: hi had an
eR tp of using the boiling-point thermometers an
altitude of 5000 feet, he has not given the aneroid readin,
much below that height, being uncertain as to their pete

ness.
Jn Santa Cruz do la Sierra, tho encroid showed 1300 fect
ve the sea-level
‘The altitudes by the boiling-point thermometer havo been
calculated on the ition that the height above the sea is
equal to 520% 7, 'T Sit the difforonce of temperature in de-
grees Fobrenheit between the observed boiling-point and 212°.

Musrens' Notes on Bolivia, to aecompany Original Maps. 205

latitude 22° sooth. These two great chains, one ee
ward parallel to the Pacific Coast, and the other curvit
to eee east and then s.w,, enclose a lofty 7
inh nearly 500 miles from w.W. eee ban vera
from ninety to a hundred miles.
it table-land, the averago elovation of which is
12.000 is called the Al Alpi he ade EIEN
to ebether approach
the lowlands of Santa Cruz, by passes es Telatt o &
over 14,000 foot. The Gor Cordilleras of the sates (eppeer
diminish in height towards the south, and tho of the
southern portion rot the Altaplanicie is certainly 200 or 300 fret
bolow tho northern; but practically, in those altitudes,
such differences are inappreciable, or the wall of eee
ao enclose ae lateau, boy ine or coast a
the ‘acoray t, Sajama, an
in llr portion of the same ae
i ve ta,

canoes, In the eastern or inland
recently ealenlated ay Mr. Minchin, and Mimani,

Tho 10 western side of the Coast Cordillera is
carried off by numerous insignificant streams, none of which
are of any importance except the which forms the
boundary between Peru and Bolivia ; but the waters which flow
from the eastern slopes or inner side of the Coast Cordillera,
and those from the western side or inner slope of the eastern
chain, all flow down to the t system of lakes which lie
within the basin of the Altaplanicie, viz. Titicaca and Aulla-
Eee and farther south some immense Salinas or saline

‘he waters of Lake of See which eer area of 600
aquare miles, are not Bolivian, 9 boundary ling
of Pern cuts off the enna of the lake with the northern
angle of the Altaplauicie, ‘This lake, for fuller information
concerning which I would refer to Mr, Markham, ©.B, has
un outlet or desaguadero, which, flowing with « current of
generally about two miles per hour over a maneng: course of
nearly 200 miles, empties Fleelt into Lake Aullagas. The
River Deas, receives the waters of the River a
which is fed by the melting snows of the Tacora Range, and
during the rainy season brings down a large volame tae
besides numerous other streams of minor sponaice:
Desngnadero itself can only be crossed by or tata
the main road from La Paz to Tacna in Peru is carried over
a permanent bridge of boats. Thns the Lake Poopo or
Anllagas, tho area of which at a rough estimate is about
400 square miles, receives all the overflow of Titicaca, as

Musrens’ Notes on Holivia, to accompany Original Maps, 207

‘To those who have passed the smule-tracks which cons
stitute the road from Potosi or the name is full of
pleasant recollections ; the refreshing sensation of be retit nble to
trayel easily and. awittly overa level Gnd cultivated country, ag a
a ag fe ca ee a ee ae
realised, ‘Tho view across the lake on @ fine day is magnificent,
the snow peaks of Sajama and other mountains of the coast:
to rise out of the blue waters of the lake, and
with its fantastic imitations “of alps and

the mirage;
buildings, may be seen in marvellous
Moos ‘plaiae ‘ero cithor cata, “yield of

pee Tr flock tesa (@ soareae of Anes an
grazing
Lye Std dock, tod other wild vd ind,

an fpr menses lg sree se
nd indeed throughout Altaplanicie, sre the numerous
Chulpas oF anclent lucas of the Tnlans. These are
square buildings of sun-dried bricks, about 10 feet in hei,

and 6 feet square, having:ane loop-hole or window looking due
cast; they occur sometimes singly and eometimesin groups, but
do not appear to be in any regular form; 1 frequently
asked the Indians w! w they iknow any! of their origin,
but invariably received the same answer, that they were “ casas
ah lo ba pees or houses of the gentiles ; ce by this term
oreduthers previous to the introduction of Christianity. I,
eae eer that these chulpas are Cae more a
in that part of the country where Aimera Indians
nuted. The Altaplanicie is not all as level as the plains of
Oruro; Pema miss, ground tal totem cna te broken
ranges of low hills, Along the base of the mountains that
the plains of Oruro, the traveller notices a white mark about 14
feet Nie the plain, which seems to denote an ancient water-
level. I wus assured by an English geologist with whom I
examined it that this mark is a stratum of an ap it coralline
formation, and extends to the neighbourhood of La Paz, x dis-
tance of over 200 miles. Specimens of this formation which I
obtained have been unfortunately lost in trausmission, but
others are on their way Ledinetans, with ste esis
Cy ee Tobi fossil marine shells from
bourhood of this rock, which I have fortunately

“The sure forces itself upon me that the plateau of the
Fite was at a ro bbtcato Selene, basin of a vast
sheet of water or inland sea, which eer gaeen as

of face bart ie my th the Harter Colla i the
locality where now stands the city of La Paz. Here the

Musrens’ Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps. 209

Keujia are to be met ae ee ey shrubs forms
a marked object above the pass of Chulancani at an altitude of
Pe A et es tof the road from La Paz to
Taena (eso When n reli within the zone of the Cor=
dillera Brava I was often struck with the resemblance of the
surrounding scenery to the lofty plateaux that I traversed in
Patagonia. The samo tufted grasa and coarse shrubs formed
the vegetation, ‘whilst to ae the resemblance still stronger,
guanacog, pumas, ostriches, and armadillos were observed: it
reer smoke reg the Indian hunting-fires to com-

ete the illusion, which was rfall rataea the cutting

lasts which forcibly recalled the cold of th ern Pampas.

‘The traveller in Bolivia must be roepaset to sniffer alternately
pL Rak a the valley, with its chance of
tertian a and 4

sor
below freezing-point, while way of a change he may be
overtaken by a (aes fall of ‘eae ", ss

At night he will baye to put up with an unfurnished cold
room in a miserable ab ous) where if he is lucky he me
obtain a fow oggs and a dish of *chupe” to warm his ball

Tei often iit to obtain pple

t is often icult to ol 0] of Ss
must be taken without consulting eats who can be
for them afterwards ; but on the’ other jet it must be stated
that highway robbery i is unknown, and even rich convoys of
silver travel the mountain roads in perfect safety. There oe
many roads in Bolivia where one ¢ from _* valle’
tropical to frigid ities once in a day's march 5 it is a cient
to cite the road from Orero wid Atgue to Ceptnote ot a
instance. ta oar aud cg Se a intermediate
the road r the Cordillera of Tapacari at an ine
tion of L 300, feet, gee juall; Meseseds Pa winding down the
sides of a long ravine; little by little, shrubs, first ati be
ae grow by the side of the mile-truck, then a

ne and a mole or two; then high med

arate coibo and other troes appear; until at Le on turning:
a comer, ey is seen in thedistance nestling amongst orange,
fig and other troes, surrounded by maizo plantations, A
or sere farther down the same ravine, bananas and other tropical
‘trees come into sight, and should the traveller follow the course of
the stream a anal of hours’ rido will brin hos to an intensely
tropical valley where sugar-cane, &c., is cultiv:

VOL. XLYIN P

Mvsrnes’ Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps. 211

The races tobe distributed more or less through the
country to the climates, for example, in the valleys
there is a lar, mixture of negro blood, mixed descendants of
ee and slaves liberated petra of ee

in the temperate region, as to ie

nate, and hi —— ifs that
the Quichuas inhabit the south of the Republic, and tho Aimaras
the north. This is partially true, but cannot be laid down as a
rule, In the desert of Atacama there is yot anothar race known
as Atacamenos, who speak a different language, which, however,
is fast dying out. ‘These Indians ocx coe ee ee
as muletcors in the pie ek ween Potosi and Calama,

The Quichuas and both masticate the coca-leaf, and
have other habits in common ; both weaye ponchos and coarse
woollen cloths, und are both fanatical and superstitions. Tn all
the highest pointe of the pases, and wherever a murder hag
been committed, heaps of stones called “apachetas" (a word
derived from the ouchnt Pachac Camac) are and
each Indian who passes, spits out his juice of coca-leaf, and adds
another stone (as 2 sort of offering to the deity or spirit). The
two races differ in and dipeion’ the Quichua is a
hamble, civil, if not servile individual, who drinks his chicha and
beats his wifo in peace and quietness, but the Aimaras are more
independent, insolent, and bloodthirsty, aud these latter are
much addicted to the use of ardent spirits. Whilst on thie
subject it might be worth while to mention that in no other
country did I witness 60 much drankenness amongst the lower
classes, both Indians and half-breeds, especially the latter. I
rarely arrived at a small town or mine without finding the
greater part of the population the worse for liquor. ‘The Indians
are and slender in Bil hut ure netive und capable of
enduring great fatigue, ially in long journeys. are,
when eter ‘a hard-working race, and either bury their —
or spend thom in religious feasts, which are always an excuso
a debauch, ‘The Quichua Indians not situated on the highway
I found to be very civil and hospitable, especially when ou
aware that I was a foreigner. They as well as the Aimanis are
divided into two classes, Haciends or Nstate Indians, who rent
Jand, and are subject to work a certain numbor of days for
private persons or their landlords ; and Comunidades, or Tndians
in communities who have to pay tribute to the Government from
whom they hold thoir land, which they work in common, ‘These
Tadians appoint their own alealde or magistrate, who
‘the partition of crops and other questions. In some of these
communities there are still some curious customs, and I believe

r2

Musrens’ Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps, 213

of the Virgin Mary, richly adorned with gold and pearls and
precious aan, which are valued at two ion dolla. The
custodia or plate of the cathedral is also very rich, and there
aro some very fine religious paintings, some of which are
attributed to Murillo, The upper class of people are more
aristocratic in their ideas, better-mannered, drossed, and
speak purer Spanish than’ in the other cities of the Republic,
und, in fact, than in most of the South American towns. Tt is
really quite astonishing to see the good taste with which the
ladies in general turn out for a ball, and it must be also borne
in mind that most of them make their own drosses, as there
are no milliners. The men not employed in the different
eourts of justice or in Government offices, with the exception of
two or three wealthy mining proprictors, generally occupy
themselves in commerce.

Several of the richest merchants are either foreigners or
direct, descendants of foreigner, generally French or Spanish
Basques. Amusementa are almost nil. Now and then an
amateur theatrical performance takes place in an old church
that has been converted into # theatre, but during the whole
of my residence no professional company ever performed. Balls
are given at times by private ;, but the rules of pel!
are so strict, and the people so intermarried, that the death
any leading member of society often puts a stop to
gaicty, The ladies pass a great deal of their time in the
churches, and the men either visit or make up parties of
rocambur or quadrilli, the game of cards known among our
ancestors in the last century, in their own houses. At times,
when the President is in the capital, the regimental band plays
in the evenings on the “ Plaza,” and on rare occasions the
ix boarded round, and bull-fights or rather bull-baiting takes
place. In the last that occurred, two or three Arana Eien
and hal-breeds (who had imbibed Dutch courage) were gored
to death amidst the exclamations of the spectators,

‘The cholo or half-breed race (for no pure Indians reside in
Suere) oveupy themselves chiefly in trade, tailoring and car-
pentering being the most favourite (there are also some good
silversmiths). ‘They areas a rule much more docile and less tur-

Musrens’ Notes on Bolivia, to accompany Original Maps. 21

Tho three most thriving and popnlous cities are certainly
those situated on the north of the Republic. La Pax,
lying in a basin already described, spataindy it is said, a
population of 80,000, chiefly Indians and half-breeds of the
Aimara race. Sitaated close to Lake ‘Titicaca, and eommuni=
cating with the Puno and bepress ee by coach and
steamer, it is easy easy of access to forei eee

the slopes
so healthy that Chilians and Peruvians suffering from phtbisis

eee has aes the pores

Oraro ix notable chiefly for the rich mines in its neighbour.
hood, but the town has suffered go much in the ware
es revolutions that the population has Taimialig ae

Time does not dace log romana eater atial
which are on, marke: new means of communication
so essential to the the country ; or of the native
industries, whieh, i roof preeee mention, except that
of mining, a subject too extensive to be handled on this
occasion. Bolivia ix w country with a brilliant past, and, if well
Re |, & probably prosperous future. No other state in

ith America is endowed by nature with equal resources, and
to utilise these she possesses a numerous population of indus-
trious Indians, whose labour at present is not turned to
tad good account either for themselves or ritiele coun!

Both Quichuas and Aimaras, under good adminietration, wou! d

prove invalnable either as cultivators or mincrs. In hor
valleys, cotton, coffee, indigo, the vanilla bean, tobacco, —
cane, indis-rubber, chinchona-bark, and various other val
vegetable productions exist. In many places are not
enltivated, io the simple reason that, from the inefficien ot
the present means of communication, markets are
and machinery cannot be erected on the estates. In the

exchequer to
3 wl they ve
of soldi 10 BET VO:

given;

to clothe and arm a mob

funds in the

ue f : ;
qBldAl 261 GEL iy j

theatrical show and for the intimidation of those who
who are read,

Igoe ute
at Toast such is the excuse

for
idlers

( 217 )

X.—Notes on some of the Physical and Geological Features of
the Transvaal, to accompany his new May of the Transvaal and
surrounding Territories, By Frepertck JEPPe, F.n.08.

Iwrropuerory.

Tur new Map of the Transvaal, compiled by the writer on a
scale of 1: 1,850,000, comprises all the territory between 21°
and 8U° 8. lat, and 23° and 38° x. long, thus including the
Patin goldfields and a good portion of the Matabele eountry,
rues of ane new cole, of Grir alan West (Cancers

‘ields), a small corner of the Cape Colony, greater parts o|
the Orange Free State and of Baruto Land, the colony of Natal
down to Durban, and the whole sea-coast from Durban to
Del: Bay, including the Territories occupied by the Zulu
and nga tribes, and a small portion of the Portuguese
possessions on the East. Const,

On the margin of the Map are inserted, viz, a plan of the
one ae Pretoria, sn seat 2 the Lee Goreumen ts
a of Lourengo jues, tho seaport of lagon pa
continuation of Mauch’s Route as far ws Zimbabye, with a“ View
of the Ruins” discovered by him ; a Table of Distances through-
out the country, mostly taken by trochiameter; and another,
showing the distances and altitudes of the projected railway-
line from Delagoa Bay to the Drakensberg.

The topography of the Map has been carefully compiled from
the explorations of Mauch, Hoke and Hiibner, Baines, Erskine,
Capt. Elton, Dr. Cohen, &c., and the route-maps and information
farnished by Col. Colley and R, T, Hall, combined with my
own observations during fifteen years’ residence in the country.

From the routes of the numerous travellers who have explored
the eastern part of South Africa, the following have been em-
bodied in the Map:—S' V. Erskine, F.2.6.8. 1868 and 1872;
E. Mohr and A. Hiibnor, 1869-1870; Captain Elton, 7.2.0.8,
1870; C. Mauch, 1869-1871; T. Baines, ¥.n.0.8., 1871-1873;
©, F, Osborne, 1872; Dr. E, Cohen, 1873; Colonel Colley, 1875;

q £2.08, 1873; some of which appear for the first
time in a Map of South-castern Africa.

‘The western part of the Transvaal has been compiled accordi
to the excellent and most reliable observations of Ed;
Mohr, of which « list appears in his book recently published in

om that Mr. Erskine's of his to Umaila’s, in has not
aaeites Meera ease reese aes
and in the vieinily of the Olifsats River,

Geological Features of the Transvaal, 19

in dispute between the late Republic and the British Govern-
ment, according to the award of the late Governor Keate of
Natal, dated 17th of October, 1871. ‘Lhe two lines with which
the Transvanl comes in contact, according to this award, ave
given in the Map ; but ss most of the localities mentioned in the
award cannot be ascertained on any published map, the delinea~
tion of the boundaries must be considered only GS reir ben

The jirst line, forming the eastern boundary of the territ
awarded to the Bangonketsi, , and Bat
commences at the Notuani, and rans in a straight
southward to Ramabulama, a point some distance to the west
of Zeetust (Marico), and a fow miles north-west of Buurmann’s
Drift.on the Malopo River; thence due east to Mosiga, an old
mission-station, about 7 miles south of Zeornst, near the sources
of the Klein Mavico River; thence the line rans in « south-
western direction along the waggon-road. Iwading to Lotlakane
as far as Buurmann’s Drift; again east, along the Malopo River
to its source ; thence south-east: past the sources of Harts River,
near Lichtenburg to a point near Taaibosh Spruit; and again
south-west, to the sources of the Makwasi pont or Pogola,
and down this epruit to its junction with the Vaal.

The second line mentioned above, forming the eastern boun-
dary of the new province of Griqualand West, rung from
Ramah on the northern bank of the rie River, south-east of
Hopetown, in a north-eastern direction to David's Graf, near
the junction of the Modderand Riet Rivers; from David's Graf
in a northern direction to Platberg on the southern bank of
Vaal River opposite Hebron; and from Platberg north-west
ina straight line to a point north of Boetsap, situated on the
north-western bank of Harts River, &c. Those lines were pro-
claimed by Sir Henry Barkly, Governor of the Cape Colony,
on the 27th of October, 1871; but according to the ment
lately entered into between the Earl of Carnarvon and ident
Brand, dated London, 13th of July, 1876, the dispute, as far asthe
claim of the Free State to the Diamond Fields 1s concerned, bins
been finally settled by the adoption of the following line, via. -—

“The frontior shall be known and recognised hereafter by
4 line drawn from Rama (Fountain), Beek, through David's
Graf (close above the junction of the Riet ti Modder Rivers),
to the beacon standing on Tarentaal Kop (and marked by
De Villiers on the map referred to hereafter) ; thence by
straight line at right angles to the line from David's Graf to
the summit of Platberg, and from the point where the two lines
join thence to the summit of Platberg; thence in a straight
line to the point marked G on the said Map on the River Vaal,

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 231

and Sey from timo to time, according to the wish and

mest of the conquerors. But when, in after years, a slice of
territory, containing some 40 farms of 1500 acres each, was
“ inspected” and beacons detined, the present: Zulu chief Koteb-
wayo disputed the old treaties, and raised objections to the
eccupation of the farma.

As will be seen on the Map, the line* extends along the
Lobombo Mountains, from where the Maputa River bn
in lat. 26° 50’ s, to the Pongola, where this river
through the Lobombo ; thence ina straight line west-south-wost
to the hij point of the mountain called Chocujiens, or
Zangin Nek; from this point in a south-western direction,
crossing the White Umvolosi to a high Cr ene Nouto, or
Ingoutu, to certain beacons in 1864, and along the
south-western side of i's Kloof to Rourke’s Drift, on
the Buffalo River, the Nai Lee

The bor -line rating the Portuguose possessions on
the cast coast the svaal, according to the treaty with
Portugal,t begins on the Lobombo Rangeyat the Maputa river ;
thence northward along the highest ridge of this range to the

rt of the Komati River, where this river flows through the

bombo; thence north to Pokiono’s Kop, on the north side af
Olifants River, to the nearest point of Serm di Chicundo on
the Limynbu River; and from thie point in a straight line to
the junetion of the Pafuri (Limvabn) with the Liny
boundaries of the twelve districts or inces of the
‘Transvanl appear for the first time in a publi pee and
may possibly not be quite correct, owing to the difficulty in
ascertaining some of the places mentioned in the proclamations
and maps defining the linea. They are, therefore, subject to
future correction,

Before passing on to another subject, I may as well mention
here @ ciroumstance in connection with the map published by
the writer and Merensky in 1868, which has lai baa referred
to in certain South African papers, as an additional proof that
the territory claimed by the Chief Sekukani did not belong
to the Transvaal, as the map referred to was supposed to
exclude it.

Tn compiling the map in 1868, tho writer made use of a
rough sketch of the eastern part of tho country suppliod to
him by Mr. Merensky, who was well acquainted with that

* According to a proclamation of acting president Joubert, 25th May, 1875.
+ Troaty coneladed with Viscount Doprat, Pretoria, 29th ‘uly, 1860 rati-
fied and exchangod on 10th July, 1871, for six years,

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 228

ct cast Boge Velde frme the from west to
cast, called * Nasi 48 forme the of the rivers
running tas tie fal ee to iat icodiaae Lim-
popo, while the twoon
the rivers rnnnin, fat a Vaal a Limpopo and cast to
Delagoa Bay and the sea-coast.

The Fete dave itneagh ha Mapattstene Rate
north of Witwaters Rand, flows thro

Suri

Shube ‘Bubye, and Nuanetsi; while the , Hennops,
Sand, Apies, Pienasrs, and Plat, Poort, ” Mutlabas,
Pongola or Sand, Palala, Reuter , Hout, ‘Taye,
Limyubu or ati, and “nally the Olifants Rives with its

numerous tril join Popo on its right :
anes the eter ie of the ‘Transvaal the Sabie, and Crocodile
and Komati or Umkomati. Rivers riso in the
ges flow h itera ey hey ae

ae range a en one river, called the Manice, reyes

a Daoasnogiel, barat abwansl or Eee

iver, flowing into the northern part lagoa Bay, ae
Sheffoen Island,

The Umbelosi or Umvolut rises south of the Komati, at a
height of 4300 fact above the level hey sea. Tt is called
here the Black Umbelosi, and, after b ‘ea
smaller streams, it _zenearen the White od in
south, flows through the Lobombo oe
Mutalba from the aos, and disembogu eies a
an inner bay or estual * eallod Dantes ot Bngish ‘iver, or by
the Portuguese “ Rio do Experito Santo,” or * Rio de Lon}
Marques.’ Te is along the banks of this river Guan
the map by a broken line) that a first railway connecting the
‘Transvaal with tho east coast is proposed to be constracted.
The Umbelosi is cathy Eeeal Bon with flat-bottomed boats for about
20 miles to the Kat

pote ius rising in the Lobombo Mountains, and dis-

wet sed 6 alee ay from Ishlesha’s rekon Jeraul,
his river i iy i

wees ‘Eyl be ae ths waa Tiagops
f zs whlls
iain 95° 72a and Tang, ==

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 225

established, Esher caro ie
Bloomhof, which does not want the slightest alteration. I do
not doubt that this road will be mado uso of wit oad Wa
traflic. The large oat by the attracted roeeed en ae
will havo to re supp!
bread-stuffs and provisions, Seigeek= necessity “th freee the
adoption of such means of communication which eould not be
influenced by lung-sickness, want of pasture and forage, and
other drawbacks.”

Concerning the Limpopo, which Mauch crossed twice botweon
81° and $2° of longitude, he observes >—* The nearer T came to

this river, the sore T wes ise pointed respecting its
—_ of a fey sari, and deep river, Saoalie itt

ion hearty a tremendous eand-river,
bi i which about 150 of the southern
bank were aoe arnest with bisesear sey sans peed water, Aor

rest is covered with deep, coarse sand,
Caer ‘The banks are iden spice ae or ie adie con ay

distinguighed from the

Where he crossed, a little hee ani in 1871, he reports the
bed of the river only 250 yi =r woud, and $ feet deep.

at July, 1870, Captain Elton made a voyage down the

‘Limpopo,* with tho viow of discovering a shorter route of prac-
ticable communication, partly by lod h pavily by water, beeen
Sinaia, who Oapiin Hits’ Sixt touched tho Licspops, ho

where Captain Elton first ie Lim

be Oe Mer men stream, about 200 yards in
breadth." Ho started on atvent ine 1870, from the ger boo
of the Shasha, in a flat-bottomed boat, 13 feet long, constructed
at the Tatin, and carried overland to this point; but, es a
voyage of five days, over a distance of 85 miles, his trij
b it toa Mer termination at thay fellasef ther eta
Azimo,” where he narrowly Cera being relraenliee Ree the falls.

—
ae a hic description of toe ‘ificent falls, dis.
Vy Ca in canon apa Sth, th 870, we, must refer

above. iton. mene his jereti
on fort lng tho ano the Te ae far as the

of the Lepalule or Olifants River, ae ho left the

and struck off to Lourengo Marques, lace he

the 8th of SATIN ESE UES 1870, in 684 ies it Paladins ly ‘legal

oration of tho Limpopo Ri iton;’ road bofore the Royal
oxebenie Senety of Lon, 18 November, 1871.
VOL. XLVIt. 8

Geological Features of the Transeaal. 227
University of Heidelberg, and has been forwarded to us through
Dr. Cohen :—

“ Warm Bath near Nylstroom—The water analysed for quality
—thers not being suflicient of it for Spree safes! for
qantitys moved to be similar to those of Wildbad, Gastein,

‘faffors, iz, and Baden-Baden, the most renowned of the
penonees Some fel are eet for their Le TE a we
cure of gout, rheumatism, old sores, paral; nervous debility,
sctofula, and neglected catarrh.”

Onocrarny.

Mountains. —Two ranges of mountains of inconsiderable
height intersect the country from west to north-east. Who
southern range, called Kashan Mountains or Magalies Berge,
strotches from the Marico Rivor to Pretoria, and another extends
from the Marico to Poliones Kop, north of Olifants River,
consisting of detached ranges, known as the Witfontein Forse,
Pine Benge, Mavtells or Burycpoort Berge, and Maschioit
pans Range, Zebedeli’s or Strydpoort y iselii-
mala Berge, while a continuation of the Kathlamba Mountains
or Dmkons Berge stretches along the eastern boundary from
Natal to the Olifants River, also in broken and detached moun-
tains and ranges called Verzamel Berge, Randberg, Slangapies,
Komati Berge, Steenkamps Borge, &e. This lerablo
mountain-range attains an altitude ‘of 5000 to 6000 feet in some
high peaks near Lydenburg. It forms the termination of the
high platean or Hooge Veldt, which slopes gradually down to the
sea in several distinct terraces, from which numerous rivers de-
scend in beautiful falls and cnseades to the fertile plains below.
Inthe southern parts of the Transvaal we flod some low ot
hills in the Mokwasi Berge, Gats Rand, Houdtbosh Rand, and
Zuikerbosh Rand, near Heidelberg. The Witwaters Rand forms
the termination of the Hooge Veldt, stretching over the whole
breadth of the country. In the district of Marico we find the
Ramazoen and Tsehuanyana Berge and Dwars Mountains, north
of Rustenburg the, Pilands Berge, and north-west of Lydenburg
the Lola Mountains, on the north-eastern slope of which Selku-
kuni's stronghold is situated, while the extreme north is closed
in by the Blanwberg and Zoutpans Berge, which latter reach up
e the Weta) three fs ranges of ea The Spe-
lanken, Matyatye’s Berg, and Murchison Ranges, between the
Zout Berge and the Olifants River, are also distinct ran,
of hills, dividing the highland from the large plain, stretching
from the Olifants River far beyond the Limpopo.

Altitudes—As it would seem superfluous to insert a table

Qa

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 229

of some parts of the country. Wo have to thank him also for the
first discovery of the gold at the Tatin,* which created so are
sensation at the time, and was the commencement of the

era that dawned upon South-eastern Africa. From Mr. be
a German geologist and ony aera the NG ra! of
Edward Main 36 iareim ins the western por-
tion of the Transvaal through which ye ae Soh while to Dr, B.
Cohen, the eminent lithologist, “ Privat Docent” in the Uni-
versity of Heidelberg, for the first knowledge of the geology o us
the Marabas Stad an Lydon formations, and the

features of the region between the gold-fields and Tay,
With the result of Mr, E, I. Dunn's and Dr, Atherstone’s
logical cleerraucas during their flying visits, I am, unhappily,
unacquainted.

In the account ples of his travels during the am
1865-1872,} Manch speaks of the northern eG the Wit-
waters Hand Plateau as being formed of rocks to the
silurian and metamorphic periods. The Magalies Berg] ¢ found
to consist of attain quartzite, which changes between compact
and granular texture. ‘The strike of the principal strata is from
east to west, with considerable dip. towards th the north. Mauch

bo fossils, but metalliferous veins, such as as
pyrites, and thick Jayers of magnetic iron«re, In thi
ranges towarda the cast of the Rustenburg Flat, he observed a
porphyritic formation and diorite, intersected with white fel-
spar and leck-green hornblende, Speaking, of the auiatree «3
he fancies, from slight impressions of ferns on the surface
sandstone-layers near the mouth of the Zuikerboshrand Bien
that we have to do here with « coal-formation. The itive
rock shows itself as granite and gnoiss on the eastern heads of
the ors River, PThcee are joined from the north Cee
raised, reddish-eoloured, cilky-shining, finel,
schist, SepEed with clay-slate, but princi quartzite nae
ale wicke-slate, These lower silurian els be fol-
to the west aa the Marico District, but there the
eas appear much thicker. Graphite and slate, con-
taining crystals of chiastolite, are also well developed in some
places. Reeve this graywacke formation is a layer of blueish
Aiicious limestone, of vast extent and le
but throughout horizontal, showing thinner and thicker strata,
of durk or smoky flint,

After describing the “cave” at Wonderfontei net
Seactestihs sheA vel thts on a ceil ere rato

* On the 28th July,

Cont Mouels "lao fn ance Sil Afriho," bate Ergin-
waguee No.7 xu *Polerm, Googe, Mitteilungen,” Goth me

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 231

ae mention the gneiss. Its extent is pcp limited,
it must be eu that a good of it must have been

di being shat We are led to believe
Soon 7s, maraneote gneiss-frgmonts in the
co of the granite hills near Shoshong on the Maha-
psi. ‘Transitions of gneiss in the ite. thi gneixs-

granite may be observed between i and 7
absence of mica-slate, so often playing the mediator between
tees, is remarkable; the

ragged mountain as, for

Rustenburg, originates no doubt from as can be
seen sometimes from its transitions, but it shows itself nowhere
a8 the Last of w series of transformations from gneiss, in which
felspar and mica gradually recede. The sandstones Sirs to
overlap quartvito, and on the Limpopo only do they lie
direct on granite. Ferruginous micwslate shows itself at the

‘The chlorite-slates show no transitions in the formations im
which they are bedded, but stand unconnected everywhere:
such is the case in the gneiss on the Shasha, and the same in
the larger chlorite-dlate region on the Tatin, where tzite
and sandstones form their feds, and ferrnginous micaslate the
patsy ‘The grunular-crystallino gandstone, which is mosth
iml

Although the stones claim the attention of the geo-
a8 they form whole chains of mountains near plisabonge
ile arti

consist mostly of a compact conglomerate

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 233.

of the Rustenburg and Shoshong stones wo can like.
wise only form suppositions, as they show no protrusions,
nor was it possible for me to observe whether they penetrate
the metamorphic rocks or are covered by them. Jitho-
ee similarity with the greenstones of the ©: Free State

Natal, which penctrate a thousandfold the forma-
tion, renders it very likely that they also belong to this last
Group.

Dr. EB. Cohen thus on the geological features of the
country near Marabas |, and the region between Lyden-
and Delagou Bay -—

Stad.*: ‘ing from Pretoria, after passing the
deserted village of Potgieters Rust fe Poort), we enter
the region of an immense aystem of metamorphic slate, The
ae strike change a deal, as cannot be expected other-

in contorted and flexured strata, but on the whole a
strike from east to west can be observed. The strata are very
steap ; the dip (principally to the north, but sometimes to the
east or west) varies between 35° and 89°. In petrographic rela~
tion these formations vary considerably, as is mostly the case
in com: metamorphic strata, Among a series of

ill mention talcose-slate, chlorite-slate, ferruginous mica-
slate, clay-slate, amphibole-slate, rocks similar to sandstone,
and a very characteristic rock-formation of great extent, the
so-called ealico-rock, formed by alternate layers of quartz and
iron-ore, ‘The separate layers aro mostly vory thin, but at

Pye ths top of which feta af consiste of this
iy.

metamorphic formations appear middle-gmined diorites with
Sapien nodules. ‘these are lithologi 80 distinetly

ivided from the former that T roust consider them intrasive
dykes, ‘The basis of the system of met ihie slates is formed
te granite which rises in several small hills on the road from

amling to Zebedeli’s Kraul. The granite is blueish-gray,
ee losé-grained, and consists of ee felspar and quartz,
and dark magnesian mica. Dioritos closely res the
above-mentioned appear also in the granite in the shape of
dykes. If thisobservation is correct, it would be a decided proof

** Neues Inhrbach fiir Minernlos peg as io und Palmontologic! 1878,
saiiedngon an Pr Lasatacd’ by Dr Gobea, deted Preterte, 4s

| Geological Features of the Transvaal. 235

one and the same reef the physical properties of the quarts are
not always the same. The api manee bn bon is ‘aleo-difforent
in the places where itis found. In Button’s Leet, near Ex i

pieces containin, gold are cere ict the mop aeerrs
are quite covered with larger elosely-joined pieces. in
the Mout Maré Reef is spread in such fine particles that it is
diffieult to discover a I flake with the naked o As the
machinery is only ox) in some months, ing can be
att sealant yiel ai es information aes so far hax

mn gained from pic! i not from any aver

sooner taken from saalenceal pete is about 3 ‘eet thick
‘The principal questions: Will the rocf maintain its quality
Jower down? and Whether the gold is found on the whole reef
as far as it is known to extend (about, bs miles)? can only be
answered when the mining i ave more advanced.*

wey have found iron-pyrites, copper-pyrites, malachite, silyer-
glance or richly argentiferous galena, and iron-glance in the
quartz, but only in small quantities.

Alluvial pads has also found in the neighbourhood of
Eersteling and Marabas Stad to a small extent. Por reasons
explain by Dr. Cohen in the publication referred to, alluvial
gold will never be found in this oakay in payable quantities.

_ The Region between wg and Delagoa Bay—In Dr,
Cohen's yaluable and most interesting work,t it will be found
that ho divides the territory between Lydenburg and Delngoa
Bay into three distinct plateaux-terraces; the more ao, he says,
“as with the alterations in the level are eae combined
differences in the irrigation, timber, fauna, geological
combination.”

‘These three plateaux are:— .

1. The High Mountain Country broken by many ravines and
valleys between Lydenburg and the steep ridge danerig
3 miles cast of Spitzkop, in a straight line 26 miles broad, It
contains an immense formation of clay-slates with stratified
sandstone ledges, capped here and there 5 dolomite; it is wild
and bare of wood, but rich in running water, Only in the

nN
yielding now (May, 1876) from 4 to 45 ows. ‘ton,
a hey ie sen f Tay 1870 almost entiraly ccnsod, and camnct
now be ‘worked with protit.—Novomber, 1877.
{ ‘Erlauterade Bewrkangm au der Routenkarte ciner Reise i ie
barge) na Goldfolder’ ‘Von Dr. B, Cobon, Hasaburg, 1. Friedrioheon
anid Oo, 187

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 237

by some strange freak of nature.” He gives no reason
assertion as Dr. Cohen does in a letter addressed to Professor
Leonhard, published in Germany.” He mentions the discov:

of a copper-mine at Malmani Spruit; rich iron-slate he foun
close to the sources of the Matebe, one mile to the west of Moilo ;
while as one of the “ most productive places in ores" he namos a
certain farm on the sources of the Notuani. He says further:—
“ My explorations in the District of Marico have convinced me
‘that this must be the richest district of the Transvaal, not only
in metals, but aleo in regard to the fertility of the soil; the
whole region enjoys » superabundance of springs and sprnits,
promising a better future to this ee oe the country than all
‘the anriferons wealth of the other districts.”

Dr, Holub was prevented from exploring the gold-mine
which he knew to exist in the Dwaraberg Range, but he saw
“quartz gold, tho same as is found in Tati,” in the hands of a
boer living in that locality. The geological formation of the
Bush Veldt he describes as similar to that found in other parts of
tho Transvaal: viz, gray limestone, felspatic and quartz rocks,
and rich iron-slate beds. In a few places the gray limestone
shows on the surface, and tho rocky parts of the lower hille are
overlaid with deep red quart, either rich iron-sand or white
lime-sand. In the northern parts of the Bush Feld, in the bed
of the Betchuana Spruit, are dark-slate beds rich with mica,
‘The same gneiss and granite rocks, and also very rich quartz

ith gold-shining mica, reddish slato, rich in different kinds of
metals, and red quartz roeks, are to be found on the banks of
the Groot Marico, north of the Bush Yeldt. ‘The last-mentioned
rocks are also found along the Limpopo River, covered with red
juartzic, gravelly, hard sandstone; these again, in many
Seer are over! with soft sandy stones, The line of
saltish ground, or salt, containing river-beds and saltpans, is
nothing more than a continuation of the line between Christiana,
Bloombof, the Kunynann Hills, and Malopo River, from whenee,
I believe, it rans Now. to the Kalihari Dont and from there
na. to the Serornme. The geological formations of such
which contain rich salt, consist of vory soft, white sand-
stones, and like that of Klame’s Saltpan, two beds of vertical
and horizontal white Karoo shells.

In conclusion, we will mention here, that Dr. Holub claims
to have diseovered am outlet of the aes River to the
Shasha, “when its waters become sufficiently high,” but this
outlet we find already marked on some old maps, as, for instance,

* ‘Neuce Jahrbuch fir Minoralogio,’ &¢., 1878; Briofweelsel, Ox. Gebvira\a
Prof, Leonhard, Pretoria, 23rd January, 1873,

‘the remnants of old buildings, are not formed by human lege de

Geological Features of the Transvaai. 239

worked by white labour, and nothing can therefore be said as.
to their probablo value or yicld. ‘Tho country round the:
Kaflir chief Palamboro, north: of Olifants River, is said to be
paruonlariy ch in copper-ores,

Tead.—An abundance of galena is found in all parts of the
‘Transvaal, and some of it is rather argentiferous. "It is found
mostly in the Districts of Lydenburg, Pretoria, and Marico.
In the Jatter district, mining operations have been carried on
for some time.

Cobalt—Cobalt-glance was discovered by Mauch in 1871,
on the banks of the Salons River, a small stream flowing into

havo also been found in Marico, Rusten! and Zoutpansberg
districts.

Tron.—All the varieties of this ore—iron-glance clay, iron~
stone, iron-ore, magnetic iron, &c.—are found in_ the
different parts of the Transvaal; but the ores are only used by
the natives in making wea) and ornaments, Some of the
iron is equal in quality to the best Swedish.

Coal.—The existence of immense coal-beds must be con-
sidered the principal wealth of the Transvaal. The whole of
the south-costern part, from the Natal boun throngh the
districts of Utrecht and Wakkerstroom, as far as New Scotland,
and even highor up, is ono extensive coal-field, branching off
to the east as far as Hlafunga’s Kmal, near St. Lucia ey
and to the north-west. as faras Steonkool Spruit (about 57 miles
8m. from Pretoria), and south-west, across the Buflalo and Klip
Rivers into Natal and the Orange Free State. The coal on the
Belela’s Borg, botwoen Wakkerstroom and Utrecht, cropping out:
on the face of the mountain in a seam of more than 10 feet
thickness, is of very supdrior quality, and is extensively used for
the household and smithy; and to the farmers living on the
elevated plateau at New Scotland, and along the Veldt,
where wood is scarce, it is almost the only fuel used. Uon-
cerning the qualities of this coal for steam purposes, we
subjoin the following Report of Mr, Wilson, Superintendent of
Gasworks, Capetown, taken from a Colonial papers—

Drananon! Cool—Me, Wilton, Saprintondeat of Casmorks ip Capetown,
‘Walesoeyer breads vey pod fr guemakig aad dome tm

at
as goad t1 Welsh ooel for sbsuan >be’ ther. gamtlocwua' taken; downy tha
President, and yielded no less than 7820 per cent. carbon and only per

hich Hae 81-0 per cent, carbon and 640 per cunt st. “Mr

ia rely and tas that this extensiv ten
feet seam, ® monntain-range (in the
Utrosht district), will ultimately prove of greater value 40 the Stake Sam wey

Geological Features of the Transoaal. 241

emaller growth and value, such as the different Acacia species,
the Boskenhout or Cape Beach (Myrsine), the Zuikerbosh
(Protes), Kameeldoorn (Acacia Giraifaes), and numerous species
of arborescent shrubs, Tho farmers inhabiting the southern
ay) of the Transvaal, particularly those living on the High

‘eldt, aro in tho habit of moving with their stock to tho
Bash Veldt during the winter season, where the grass remains
green, affording splendid pasturage for cattle.

The wanton usage of setting to the “veldt” at certain
periods during the winter-months—u practice which either
totally destroys or greatly retards the growth of bush and
trees, while it does not improve the pastumge—is ly to
be deplored: The law ix rather severe against this orying evil,
but from some reason or other has not been able ta prevent
these conflagrations, which often cause the loss of life and pro-
perty besides the destruction of timber.

The following tabulated list of the principal timber-trees
found in the different parts of the Transvaal has been compiled
from information supplied to the writer by Mr. Paul Maré, of
Marabas Stad, and Mr, E. F. Rathbone, of Chirley Valley, near
Utrecht, both residents for many yeare in their separate dis-
tricts; while Mr. A. TF. Schubart, the Curator of the Potchel-
stroam Musoum, has kindly supplied a list of wood-eamples
prosaaind to the Museum, which are marked (*) in the table.

Where the Proper botanical name was not known, Dr. Pappe’s
Siloa Capensis has been consulted,

VOL, XLVI. R

2 codeys 1630
SpOq ony w NK cd poptw9e
SEG mot anyway soy por, | pu dzunoD soGusyorT & stay por-nepaorfoR | tt +> durasioquay rey
sornyx0} 4yjeoa puw yor ‘om "poom Op
FABOAIO oj HOBHYA UOPOOK 0} PIAL wenn} est sored aq3yT | -oSuqqy> 0 4ynogT wOORTOC “LT
‘w[lowy so ‘wrones
oqujoad peopuoo edauy enoHouE ‘nod
AH POPPHIB HE TEKL gLY {TOR +09 wiyreavbo.gYoramdop
Sorae ngs ang porn sowojo puspiet |“ ** Binquoymay | FIOL | OTB |“ MOTOR | -FeUE 40 g'cx00¢ moldouy “pT
SS sepeanrt pos aod gempooniet stmqum ‘Cosuertoo
ospuaporeg )
2 4g pom Sorqud pus “yore | -Fut Puy Broqeundyuog & 08 “= MASA, | TOU RUO PTAAD SVEANAWST “GT
seenyrting 20g poor Kyyudiouind | ‘G wnygueg) pooasten
Dw wy ond ot ‘pan 7 °* Buoquavdynog ¥ 06 |“ ze ounL | eden 40 e4noH aMpefes “Fr
H (oqo OM BO
om PURE DIK
‘uo nO WEP PES
€ omy) ouros)
‘oy Hoe SepHeBupqyen ayy poe “Landy so<yusyuyy \! ot ogee yet Poas puvy tO YnogT opzeFT “Bt
B | jfixouleg ensag
myppmng-uoiPfen 267 pon sug) andipog, 0
} so[qemp pov oop ung Somngsxy | + o* Suaqeundywoz ® OBE | oan | -wo0g, 20. ¢"av0dsiopuoosr %r
Ss ‘Czoqun jo epror oad
pins bees ony Ego ees cae Pacem! 8
Se ee | ae eee mai font
5 ~ as 280
Bry uy ool) unos rons ov, | wasiaciene'srewstoe7, | sey | 09-09 | sxwp Saoqrex | cdo Soyoadoy youn “Tt
‘op poom-nodFunorngyaany zop oeqy | -ooruyy purw Hquopan gy A{engobunyo
“99 Sexy ee wat oduqe | Sqadynog “Sanqaape'y | | dincopo.t) pow marek
omy Uy ‘woqaiy eu ToaysuayxgT | ‘MOOR IOWA “HEMI 9 OL-0f | * MoTTEd AFUE | ao twakyuMNG FHOYPHMH “OL

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 7

—— ren other em and a abeerets shrabe,
wi are
sencioojer Aapler Downs Wide Bore

such as a ce a Doorn ;
ringgen ; oa typicus)
Katdoorn 3 two. or different

Tanibosh. ine): Bueldors rd capensis) i and the
com tl
mon flan (Sali) ds 1 Sapir: ly along the banks

of the rivers in the

aS

Limpopo measuring 188 feet in circumference. The late
Thomas Baines mentions threo specimons ho mot with in
gan Matabele Country, of respectively 40, 50, and 63 feet in

‘Tue Deracoa Bar Rarway,

With regard to the ved railway from Lourengo Marques
to New Sein, we sgn the flowing Report, oly top
plied to us by R. T. Hall, Esq, cw, who bas made a iyi
survey of tho line, and has been entrusted with the worl
the val Government:—

the town, meer tho hill, and, passing through a grove of tall
cooo-nut trees and luxuriant ye; ekirts the shore for a
aioe edetansale above the swamp a ee Tat - Aico of

and thon proceeds lo River, @
snail soapy Moning into English River or the harbour of

sna cary ena foe nde) tation to

site for the work.
“ After crossing the Matollo the line trends south-west to the

* According to Raper, Int, 25° 58° 2" 8, and long, 92° 96"7" x,

Geological Features of the Transvaal. 249

“The railway now rans west through a fertile country, in-
t Bareand there with Amaswasi kraals Reanheae
mealie lens. The railway works are light, and ients
easy. is portion of the country, as well as that below the

mbo, abounds in © of great watery’ but fearfully
infested with the tastseefly. Buffaloes, blue wildebeeste, koodoo,
and emaller varieties of tho deer tribes, may bo frequently
seen; and lions, though rarely seen, are heard at night; occa-
sionally, too, you see a fresh spoor of an elephant, but these
animals are nearly all exterminated,

“At about 10 miles from the Poort, the White Umbelosi
nae iron bridge. ‘This river is a branch of
the Umbelosi, joins the Black Umbelosi a few miles to
the north; a further run of some 16 or 17 miles brings the
railway to the first ridge, called Umleeba, which divides the
uy and lowland countries. In crossing the ridge, a great

nge in the face of the country takes AN ‘The fly is left
at the ridgo, and immediately on crossing it scarcely a bush or
tree is to be seen. Kaflir kraals of the Amaswaai are seen here
and there, and cattle abound in every direction, but not a head.
of game or wild beast is to be found.

“From ee the sakes becomes ae peat rd rail-
way-making. Valloys run down on ovory side, but 7
akeg the matershial between the ‘White and Black Tinbetoa,
heavy works are ayoided. The gradients sometimes become
somewhat severe, rising to 1 in 50 and 1 in 45 for short
lengths, until the foot of Uyskobane’s Hill is reached, about
98 miles from the Bay. Here the ascent to the Drakensberg

ink,

‘The railway works now become very interesting from the
frequent crossing of valleys by viaduets varying in height from
40 to 100 feet, necessitated by leaving the watersl and
scarping round the hill-sides; gradients and curves are here
steep and sharp. A gradient of 1 in 50 for about 4 miles
cee us to ae foot ee el nie ah = ie ot mountain,
which rises 1500 feet alm rpendicularly. @ scenery.
becomes grand; huge ii man eanbdin bound the view on
ie hand but — The line now Steet the face
¢ mountain, snd passes in round a brow abutting on the
Black Umbelosi River, and at its terminus among the hills
behind the mountain, attaing a height of about 3600 feet above
the sea, and a distance of about 108 miles from Lourengo

Marques.

“The scenery here is very interesting, bounded on every side
pyrene 0 locked together that it seems almost impos~
sible to find a way through which a railway can be made,

Hotmwoon on the Kingani River, Kast Africa. 258
are not of much importance, The ft export worth mention~

ing, besides the silver of Caracoles, is the nitrate of soda, which
exists in several places, the principal being Las Salinas, where
the “caliche” is of excellent quality, ranging from 30 pe. cent.
bee a on gi ie ee feet in

Ickness,

It is found in a bed extending over the ground and follow-
ing all its undulations, generally covered with a crust con-
taining » Inrge proportion of sulphate of zinc and common
salt, which varies in thickness from 1 to 6 fest. Guano,
birds’ feathers in excellent reservation, and even some skele-
tons of birds are found in the caliche, sometimes at a of
10 or 12 feet from the surface of the ground. ‘These thi
and many others too numerous to mention, lead me to support
the theory advanced by the best chemists on the coast, that
the nitrate of soda has been formed from a mixture of guano
with seaweed when this part of the country was at the sca-
level. As the deposits of Lus Salinas are 4000 to 5000 feet
above the soa, this must have been many thousands of years

ago.

‘There is no fresh water south of the river Loa, so that all the
water required both for men and animals has to be distilled
from the sea or from water obtained in wells. Even that used
in the locomotive engines of the Railway Company is distilled
from the sen in ae, and curried ull the way (80 miles)
to Las Salinas for the double journey. "

‘This part of the Hoopes boadic ns the town of Cobija, has
been populated within the last years.

The figures on the map give the heights in feet above sea-
level. Dry lake-beds are coloured brown,

XIL—The Kingani River, East Africa. By Frepeniox
Hotmwoop, Assietant-Political Agent, Zanzibar,”

‘Tae Rufa, or Kingani, had long been classed among those hope-
fullooking Kast aioe ies which it was teasted ight
become highways to the interior, bot like the Rovama, the
Wami, and others of theee streams that have been

explored, it
has been found—though not absolutely unnavigable—not to

a i Bclestont'a sheerstens on Se ey See another Neg
‘ Proceedin,
ee See rape radty Me Beard tickers bf

mangrove-root,
mb country are particularly un
healthy, owing to the immense expanse of low plain and man-

P more ing for
miles.on both bunks of the Kingani, which enters B08,
amiasma from these
swamps is peculiarly viruleut, and bilious-remittent of
Rill este vie ni neighbouring districts
year.
‘Two main caravan routes enter Bagam
Katu and Msawa roads; both have been fully
Burton, Speke, Cameron, ape aet », hoy

:

i
Be
bie

i
Ht
He

E

whose

closed soon after 8 Inst: 5) ; and although the
ore Warsedind ceseasinas beste the Hep tid
sunk to the lowest pitch, a bad ropute still attaches tothe
country, and few Unyamwezi caravans have xeturned to this
route dince they left it for the Msuwa road, which has become
an established highw:

Msuwa road traverses the low hills bousiding the

Whilst the
valley on the left bank of the Hinganiy y leaving them
prog army earraege e valet
jeht rs

at

the Kutu road follows those on , ‘in many
places 1j tho ziver itealé.) ‘This road does: not eave
the neij of the river until it stands off to the

Magcta stream, about 70 geographical miles rectilinearly from

Bi 5
aisaaia a substitute for that portion of these two rondé
which, passing through a low maritime region, is both difficult

Hoimwoop on the Kingani River, East Africa. — 257

‘Unless tho wind be high, there is no Mp al in dhows or
large steam-launches entermg the Kingani at three-quarters
high water by the channel cated in the map, the entrance
to which is about 3} miles x.w. of the landing-place below the
French Mission, one long reefy point marked by stunted man-
elicepeee bias 2 miles w. of the anchorage, haying first to

rounded. If there is much wind, an hour before the top of
the tide should be chosen, and even then only good sea-boats
should attempt the ;.and the channel being narrow, a
pilot should employed unten such cireumstances,

After entering, the first reach of the river is very broad and
shullow, but the channel is fairly indicated ty the colour of the
water, After this the average depth is 18 feet for the first
20 miles, and there is a sensible rise and fall for 10 miles
farther, the depth averaging 12 feet at low water. The breadth
soon diminishes to 250 yards, and it averages about 200 yards
up to the first ferry (Kivako), and 150 yards up to Kingwere
ferry. The banks are rally low and it with
mangrove swamp, and the adjacent country is one vast plain
more or leas inundated, At low water a steep slant of black
slimy mud, in which one sinks beyond the knees, testifies to the
nature of the soil, and large deposits of decayed mangrove-rocts
emit a fetid odour only too suggestive of the virulent fever of
the Kingani. At its fourth reach the river intersects tho
Windi road, and here on the right bank is the village of

in , the remains of what was once a trading station under-
an independent chicf, In the times when the constant raids of
the Washenzi kept the inhabitants of Windi, Saadani, &c., in
porpetual alarm, the river protected them from theso nssaults,
hence the old Swahili word, “Kinga” (a shield), was applied, to
which the natives here univ ly ascribed the name: but
whether this part of the river was called after the old town, or
the town took its name from the river, could not be ascertained
—in fact none had the faintest idea, It is only in this district
and sometimes at Bagamoyo that the river ix so called; its
general name as high os the junction of the Lungérengore is
“ Rufu,” or “ Lnfo,” though in some of the Uzaramo districts it
is pronounced “ Rufiu." [twas impossible to gotta He herp
the derivation of this name. It may be mentioned that
Mfiu is the one tree where on its immediate
banks. I am, however, inclined to think that “fiu” ie merely
a eee form of ron oe adjective Ae or “ kin,” great
or chief (e.g. ayia kuin, the chief or main 1).

Tepe heen ferry, a few dhows are passed loading
red mangrove-poles (Zanzibar rafters), or white mangrove-logs
for burning lime, At the ferry, probably one or more caravans

VOL, XLVI. 8

Honmwoop on the Kingani River, East Africa, 259

vand a tall little knoll, ‘the:

oy Pe Dams hip sketch of pete
country and. a, few com bearings could be obtained. The
next reach nd GhuNengo may be consis the ordinary

Here the river narrows to 60 yards, a ees on

Uzaramo was the appearance on the of small geoups of
women, seul piles ated a few more than half-naked
ea ry ‘two. poit i
wien eatianarineseri the same at a eeoaee
gonorally knelt wien tall grass or behind a bushy until the

ted,
hideously thatehed with a mixture of black ¢lay and oi
pont cf hire Sderenam ashes
points of hair which fringe it; their legs and arms are

a specimen of this

Many of the children ee oa the same neers
men, carrying, however, miniature bows and arrows; the latter
ti with hard. wood points, and the shaft stained red
wi the poison should be. have no idea of practising
their weapons on birds and small animals, as) the Wanyika
children do, j

But this warlike appearance seems only a keeping-up of the

popotami in the channel rendered it necessary to sound tl

steam-whistle, or the donkey-engine was turned on, they in~
stenaleidledaic the nearest cover, or carefully got the women
and children between themselves and the supposed danger;
and they rarely showed Bot) ac amuaiR boat stayed a time
faeee isi hen th near,

Hormwoop on the Kingani River, Kast Africa, 261

alrendy described on the right hank, only more marked, owing,
to the greater height of the hills, which are generally aleo
densely wooded. On most parts of this rising ground the
copal-tree is found; and wherever tho soil is red and sandy,
deposits of fossil copal may be expected. We saw some fine
trees near Dunda, and underneath, numerous pits, from which
the fossil gam had been dug, ‘Tho tree was also seen ot our
other landing-place on the right bank, a hill abntting on the
river not far from Paraya Yembo; but here there were no
diggings,
At Kawamba, about 20 miles above Dunda, the breadth of
the Kingani has decreased to 40 yards; and here the current
is 2 es an hour, After this the Kisabi district is entered.
‘This is a wonderfully fertile country; the river winds and
bends in an extraordinary manner, irrigating the land, which
‘is always very low on one side, sometimes on both, for many
miles; and the soil being suitable, un almost nnlimited supply
of the finest rice paight here be grown. There is, i A
much pains taken in the cultivation of this district; and the
quality of the grain, some of which I had cleaned, is very
superior, On the drier slopes, Indian corn, millet, and tobacco,
are largely grown and a considerable trade is carried on with
the coast, but nothing compared with what would be the case
if thera were any other means of conveyance than
by the people themsclyes, Thoro is not, however, an ox or
even donkey in the country; aud canoes are ouly used for
forrying purposes. ‘The Mzaramo seems novor to take kindly
to the water; probably the swarms of crocodile and hij
poe and the long ffood season, may have much to do with

is,

The people of this and other low districts are compelled to
rotire to the hills for the rainy season; thero they store their
grain, &e., for consumption and next season's sowing ; and the
men, who are ve iene at malting fish-trapa of various de-
scriptions, cover the adjacent low country with weirs, stake~
traps, and long Janes of reed fences leading wp to them. At
this time the river is always more or less in flood, but after
euch special rise and inundation, large crane of fish are
taken in this way. ‘The Kingani al ls with fish of many
eae some being quite equal in flavour to the average
seortish of this coast; and one, tho mzozo, of a firmness and
fine flayour not surpassed by any fish found in the tropi

Tho mzozo in general appearance exactly resembles a river
carp, but on examination is found to possess a single row of
very fine sharp teeth. ‘There is also a roughness of the skin
below the gills, not found in vegetable-feeding fish, They

Hotatwoon on the Kingani River, East Africa. 263

Mafizi is a collection of small hamlets situated on the banks
of the Kingani and Mto Matfizi, about 30 feet above the river.
The Mafizi is a mere brook, except during the rains. It rises in
the Dundanguru hills, a fow miles north of Sagesera, and is one
of numerous similar watercourses which now, from both sides -
of the valley, begin to find their way into the Kingani, Sabale,
the chief of Dundangura, came down to see us; his ue
daughter carrying his gun across her shoulders, and holding it
at both ends behind ber neck. He assured’me this was the
only firearm in the district, which Is very extensive, extending
from Sagesera, which place has never pec since
the Maviti dest it and killed the chief, to Muhonyera,
and for the same distance on the left bank. He stated, |
ever, that the Wazaramo chiefs had ceased to hold any real
authority, except over their own villages; ond that only in
event of war could. they naw give any order to the elders of
other places within their districts, confirmed what avery-
one had acknowl respecting the total loss of and
influence by the Wazaramo as a nation since the Maviti
invasion, and showed me the sites of numerous villages which
had been totally sestroreds with their inhabitants, on that
oceagion on tho loft . His own fre baying received
warning before these savages reached them, fled, together with
the people of Mafizi, to the jungle, and returned to rebuild
their villages when the invaders retired. The people of Mafizi
haye no occasion to remove during the rain; their huts are
remarkably clean and well constructed, and the place is very
healthy. ‘This is tho last of the fine grain districts, and large
ooo ice ee eh ee in fact, the people are
altogether a well-to-do and well-regulated community.

A fow miles farther up, Sagesera district is reached, It is
now a wilderness, and a most unhealthy region, the Mkosi stream
which rans through it boing extromely marshy and choked np
with rank vegetation. The site of ra village is now
jungle, but the Kondachi road is still ies and meets the

satu road a few miles south; but the village of Mukutaniro
has been removed to the other side of the river, the numerous
cross Toads which made this a convenient caravan stage haying
fallen into disuse, and being completely overgrown, while new
roads have hen rep or all meet at the new Makutaniro, a2
will appear he: a

A fow low hills with dark ravines between being
d in the district of Dirunga, a few small feeders enter the
ani, of which the Kiralamsale on the left and Kipora on
the right bank are the principal.

Here the game country approaches the river on both sides.

Hotmwoop on the Kingant River, East Africa. 265

high rest meat, but also with tho laziness of the men who
were always. gorged with flesh, which they ate half raw and half
burnt, being unable to cook it properly on board the launch,

‘The next day we ascended the Rasjant for a few miles, but
found the difficulties too great to warrant our sponding any
moreé valuable time over the exploration. The river in no wa}
altered in its general appearance, being from 25 to 40 is
wide, and about 8 feet deep inthe channel; but the obstractions
in the deep water beeame more numerous, and the breadth of
the channel sensibly contracting, we decided on returning.

Above the junction of the [angérengire the Kingani_ is
called the Mpezi; ond as the natives persist in declaring it to be
a area river, and cannot be made to understand any civilised
notions on the subject, it is rent that nothing bat what a
traveller actually sees can be ited as fact, and it is for this
reason that in concluding this Paper I shall be very brief on
the subject of the npper portion of the river not visited.

About three miles the junction of the Lungérengdre
ian largo village called Sungura, on a stream—the Visungura—
which rina into the Kingoni. Near this I got a good view of
the conntry po a re eka satistied myself that thore is

no other mouth to ingrengeres

From this point, Kidunda was seen about 15 miles due s.w.,
and Ndege la Mbora about 10 miles sw. by 8. 0
opposite Fank was the district of ‘Tunda, through whieh a path
leads to Ndege la Mhora and the ford over the Mgeta,

The new village of Makuteniro ix at the cross roads near
Songura. From this is a road to Simbamweni, and the
direct road to Mpwapwa, through Kidunda, Many other roads
also meet hero, but ax the districts from whieh they lead aro
unknown at present, I shall merely refer to the ecnipes fing
map fora Ope! idea of this place, which was tho 1 rehest
point reached,

As regards the Lungérengore, thongh a deep and rapid
torrent during the rains, it is practically uscless, being unnavi-
gable at all times, even by canoes; aud its only interest lies in
the great extent of its course and tho effects of its violont

floods. It dries up in September,
he ike last few villages through which we passed

‘The natives of
are of very mixed nationalities. Every one
of Ukami, Usagara, and Ukuto, besides of Uzaramo ; and they
speak o dialect yery different to Kizaramo, and init
many Kisagara Asath, But I found Kiswahili was
fluently by several men tin each village, and we therefore
experienced no difficulty in respect to language.

© river above Kidunda was described by gexeral raticea

Capabuimes of Newioundiand ; and representenons nave been

din @ reasonable distance OI that town. 41 Muy we =|

Murray on the Geography anid Resources of Newfoundland. 267

of the Wami could readily be in) and I believe that the
river could be made fairly navigable for at least 40 miles,

If the moroment thab Reframe alee |
up the interior of Africa bears fruit of a pet kind, T wou!
strongly recommend the route I refer to ch Useguha being
thoroughly tried as the road to Unyany: and Ujiji; for
though I haye always been of opinion that Mombasa will
eventually be the coast dept, or for those districts, the
time’ is etill distant for opening route from that station,
owing to the nature of the tribes living thereon.

As the N; country, Dr. Kirk, whoso opinion on
these subjects is entitled to more weight, perhaps, than any
African traveller now alive, has always considered that the
Zambesi and Shire isthe natural highway to it; butto introduce
his conelusive reasoning on this subject would be here irrelevant,
and I merely refer to it as my reason for remaining silent
respecting various paths which the Wazarumo assured me were
short cuts to the north of the Ny Lake, but of which the
utility will not probably be till the other routes referred
to have long been regular highways. The Luilji is now the
only river in the extensive dominions of Zanzibar, south of the
equator, seriehaing ee It fr te IY, pine the
exception 18 Zambesi, an’ @ Juba, t! gest on
the east coast of Africa, and ibs to hoped we shall not long,
remain ignorant as to its extent and utility.

XU1—Geography and Resources of Newfoundland.
By Atexaxper Murray.

Tr is not a little remarkable that the oldest colony of Groat
Britain, and the nearest. to her, should be the last, or neark:
tho last, of which am Sree seating soe ee Soe >
that but indifferently) is known. Until within the lost few
years, the whole of the vast interior of this great island was as
much a “terra incognita” to the exterior world and even to
the residents (who occupy the coast only) themselves, as it was
in the days of Sebastian Cabot or Jacques Cartier; and it is
diffieult even now to persuade many people, even a

those who have lived in the country all their lives, that it is
anything more or better than a vast , envel in
averting fo placed in an Arctic position in the Atlantic
Ocean. y circumstances have combined to produce the
most unfavourable impressions as to the climate, soil, and
capabilities of Newfoundland; and repreeentations here keen

= PF}

Resources of Newfoundland, 269

of the Geological Survey of Canada, was sppointed by the
Local Government of Newfoundland to initiate a geological
investigation of the island. At that time, I being the first
assistant on the Canadian staff, was offered the appointment, and
pisstentiirne roenmapes inte s pape ees
with the Government to carry on the inquiry as vigorously aa
‘ible, and began operations in May of that year. Since that
time till the present day I have been incessantly ‘nally ongeged
in this work; have visited, more or less, every part of
country, from centre to circumference, and have carefully re-
corded all my experiences from day to day, which finally
were condensed annually in the form of a of
addressed to the Governor of the Colony. Although ay ities
were supposed to be purely geological, and particularly in
reference to the prospects of the presence or otherwise of
metallic ores or other economic mineral substances, a very
large proportion of my time was necessarily occupied in topo-
graphical surveying, the result of which is the map which
aceom panies this, it being from an original scale of 24 miles to
Sey cas ob al woresinied rie gechogiod iarepliowareal
ny one at acquain' wi sv ion, aI
with the absolute test | of a fe map upon which to
delineate the boundaries of formations, and otherwise to repro-
sent the structural details, will at once perceive that topo-
graphical work, ina case like mine, where no one simple feature
was correctly reqronanted and many most important ones not
represented at all, was of paramount importance to arriving ot
even an upproximate conclusion in regard to goological facts.
be git on and other maps certainly had been previously
published, showing certain imaginary mountains, lakes, streams,
rivers, &c., but no measurement or triungolation had boon
attempted; and the result was, as might be expected, a most
perfect caricature of the reality, where no one single feature
‘wos drawn in its right place, or in the remotest resembled
the object it was intended to represent. The plan T
for carrying on these surveys was on the same principle os
that usnally practised by the officers of the Government Survey
of Canada, namely, to scale the principal watercourses by means
of prismatic compass and Rochon’s micrometer
keeping up a connected system of triangulation from all the most
conspicuous heights, and by taking repeated astrortomi
observations for latitude and magnetic variation. By these
means the whole of the great features of the island have been

* he engraved lng the Poper is stil further reluced to
scale ef about 49 miler fo an iach, c <

Resources of Newfoundland, 273

arteries, such as the Bay d’Kast River, Bay de North River,
Little River, White Bear River, the La Pole, &e. ; but these,
rising at no great distance from the Exploits, and itoring,
with its tributaries, are comparatively short in length, and,
except when temporarily expanded at the broader into
Jakes or ponds, rush in turbulent torrents to the sea from source
to outlet. Many of these streams make a full of not less than
1200 feet withina distance of under twenty miles in an nir-line.

St. George's Bay Rivers—Vbe rivers and brooks which dis-
charge on the south side of St, George's Bay also interlock with
the tributaries of the Exploits pang their ori; pers ae the
mountains of the Long Range ; after leaving which, they flow in
a westerly course through a wide expanse of level country to
the sea,

Chavacter ictal papel southorn country, betwoon the
head-waters ie Exploits and the ses, is.a dreary, desolate waste,
almost entirely. void of vegetation, and for many months through-
out the year enveloped in the densest of fogs,—cold, gloomy,
and unattractive as any Jand can yery well be; and these parts
of the coast aloe better known and more aepeey, visited by
stringers than the more favonred, localities, have given origin
to the bya detest siete Pay the hideous suacoctes
istics of this special region apply without mitigation to the whol
ileal It wt the tare that over pegrmone tracts in
the great cen lateau, as also over a great area of the peni:
sca pearalens and on the great norte peninsula, aes
and what are appropriately called burens, oceupy the surface;
but in nearly all cases the valleys of the rivers are well wooded,
and moat of them possees level and fertile tracts here and thers
—o peep eee: the ai SURI portal yoann

iculorly as. a} to other i » ‘These great plains
He dotted over by Semeratia aie and sede many
instances occupying woes of u whole area of m
ware miles; indeed, it has been asserted, that were the wl
island mapped out in detail, more than one-third of the
whele surface would be represented by water, But it is in the
valleys of the three great arteries of which I have already
madé special mention that agriculture is likely to become &
reat and important industry of itself, more particularly if those
javoured regions are immediately opened up as timber limits to
enterprising lumbermen, whose interest it would be to construct,
roads and encourage settlament. According toa estimate
I made some time ago, there is an extent of fully 1000 square
miles of available country in the combined valleys of the Gander
and Gambo Rivors, and there is nese much more upon the
Exploits, inclusive of the arms and bays at its mouth; while
VOL, XLVIL

Resources of Newfoundland. 275,

cates higher than 70° Fahr. in the former, or much below zero
in the latter; ae ae oe eae aly eee ee
storms and the hu consequent upon an insular position.
‘The climate is undoubtedly a yery healthy one, and the general
Fee nto alan bade Series robust, and
ly race, is 6 good example of its influence,
fs chcvhle Flo, wife aad Hack: stron, mock (ashy
sists of white pine, white qi
fir (called Seale Newfoundland’ yellow bireh (called Rnd

an

Bay and Port-a-Port Bay. tracts of country in the
Humber Valley yield groves of finest description of white
pino, which is also the case in the valley of the Exploits and
ac? Lid hi rg en oe ae eae ee
ani countries, In ese Tegions a
timber ta ight be ete, wih wou era be
succeeded by Fy te which a t extent of the

is admirably adapted. ‘The spruces and larches are known to be
of the beat of quality for ship-buil while the
‘ellow birch is said to be equal in ity to English oak.
ee ae See Go ress of the
island, ficularly about t) George's

tines ierdesengedtyr visita) paoety aa ite dea pees

height -
fineral Resources,—There is every probability that vast

is eaid to have been found in Fortune Bay. In tho moan-
time the only mines in active operation are at Tilt Cove and
Botts’ Cov, both in Notre Dame Bay, and at La Manche, in
Placentia Bay; but the developments recently made at the two
ae oes: ag been so epics that there oe aaly,
be a dou! it the en: ent rebates A
prietors and directors of these mares will fe tadisted by
many other capitalists, and the Bay of Notre Dame, particularly,
will soon become a great mining centre.
age are spread over n vast extent of coun 10 St, Georgs!s.
y region, and in the valoy ot tho Bae, wae Une See
BY

Resourees of Newfoundland. 277

that opening np lines of road through the country is mere folly;
and that allt the improvement required is a cow-path to lead from
one fishing-station to another! Yet all this is literally and
absolutely true, and there are those even now, in the face of all
that has lately been proved on the evidence of the most. credible
witnesses af tho facts, who pertinacionsly maintain that the
latter misrepresent the reality, and that ing better than the
well-worn old groove of the alternative of ots starving is
worth consideration in Newfoundland, In round nombers, the
total population of the Saad at this moment ye 150,000
couls, supported almost altogether in provisions by the Dominion
or the United States; while T here a0 hesitation in aserting
that, were it treated like any of the maritime provinces of the
Dominion, where mining, lumbering, and agriculture are duly
encouraged, the time need not be fur distant when the numbers
of the inhabitants might be reckoned by tens or hundreds of
thousands, and eventually by millions.
The so-called French ‘The greatest hindrance of all to
advancement or progress of any kind isthe i
of the French, Sinifod Upon ‘old and misconstrued treaties, who
assume not only an exclusive right of fishing, instead of a con
current right, over one-half of the whole coast, but actually to
exercise (erritorial jurisdiction over the same; excluding the
owners of the soil from the use of harbours where mining, lum-
bering, and agriculture might be pursued, Thus the finest
tegions of the island are Tel at the merey of these foreign
intruders; tho country is infested by lawless marauders and
smugglers; the magnificent timber is being recklessly eut down,
or burnt; the salmon and horring fisheries are fast boing ruin-
ously destroyed, and not one single Y-piece comes in the
of revenue to the exchequer of the province.
at at length there appears to be a glimmer of hope that the
ony is destined to see better days, and that its worth and
capabilities may shortly be moro generally ised and a}

wards ee
these two mines alone, and many moré are likely to be so em-

Hatt ne ieee ieee ae ttn it

Serer 3 te Herre
A HER nl ee ae a

17 miles from
water's Bie Hua ees
the a8
from 800
and but ly
on
the
of a
anil;

‘across the Island of Newfoundland,

Ha aH “lig ueay il 4 :
a uel sul inital

Derr aa 322523 4H
Read a Edis Heh Ther ALPS ere

ar, rrning Sp Ts hom th birds
the
to
rising
its,
ao
into
eee:
bout three
and the
on
e8 with
Danie
pope Aas
Shs
touts
The
of
west.
burnt,
2 the
and fir
of any
|, suitable
to the
us
bout
of a
ks were
narrow
Ik, our
woods had
pointed

across the Island of Newfoundland, 281

when we crossed, the débris on the and the delta of
shingle pushing out into the deep water of the bay, indicate
a considerable yolume in ehesesing:

Rising over the steep led shoulder of the western hills
to a height of 00 feet, we passed a considerable quantity of
good timber, birch, sprace, and fir, This continued for about
two miles from the coast; and then an undulating country,
intersected by marshes and ponds, tributaries to the Ht y
stunted spruce and fir, and rocky summits of granite, Jed us
some six miles in a westerly direction to Gill's Look-out,

From this ridge, which rises about 800 feet above the een,
there is a beautiful view of the valley of the Upper Humber;
Adie’s Pond in the distance, lying at the foot of Mount Eales
Range, the serpentine waters of the Humber flowing to the
south-west on the loft, a square bit of Birchy Pond below,
with the yellow marsh beyond, and to the right Aldry Pand
buried in the woods.

We descended towards Birchy Pond through a considerable
quantity of burnt wood and about four miles of marsh. eonpae
is small, and on its southern side has a considerable sprinkling
of the timber it takes its nume from. Hore we first found the
red sandstone, an excellent substitute for a grindstone; killed
some trout, and that excellent bird the bittern, whilst waiting
for the Gill's flats to carry our provisions up the river. The
Humber River flows through the western end of the pond, and
then branches out into numerous channels and shallow
forming low alder-covered islands, previous to its plunging over
a twelve-foot fall above a mile below the pond. A iringe of
fir, birch, and sprace generally clothes the margin of these
waters; but beyond, the marsh and stunted spruce invariably
appear. Paddling across the river in Abraham Gill's flats and
up one of the shallow lagoons, the principal portion of our party
walked some four miles across a large marsh with a little burnt
wood and scrub, until we arrived within a short distance of the
river, where a belt of good timber was mat with. Spruce, fir, birch
and juniper clothed the south bank, aud.on the opposite shore
a few pines reared their heads above the variegated foliage.

‘Tho river was deop and aluggish where we camo out, but
soon became rapid as it ent its path through the low cliffs of
red pebbly conglomerate (horizontal), and toreed a channel be-
tween the piles of dark granitic boulders, stratified sandstone
full of nodules, and other rocks of water-worn character that
choked the bed of the stream. A succession of rapids and
steadies took ug up to Rosetta Island, «pretty fork in the river 5
res ie ae point the stream fell in a continual rapid from
Adie’s Pond.

across the Isiand of Newfoundland, . 283

the ee the Lobster eeepc and the distant hills over the

its.
et Pog itires Ge stig ont
ste gy eee ena much peg ne ote

ae ucla commen, and in etl ach ee
but we noticed no well-worn track trampled by the feet ‘of arg
as seen in the southern parts of this island. Ligier alate
as we did, signs of large Piatt aca reported travelling
to the southern in the summer, and returning in the
fall, could not escaped our notice, Andrew Joe was of
this nerieeaiaiare: one wolf destroyed more deer in a season
the sportsmen. We came on the skulls of two fawns
Bee eT ET eaaranenavastae mate
, the all round it. No sooner had our
pe into the Lesh out of sight than the hangry Bes
out into chorus of howls, It might well be
if the present bounty of 10 dollars is a eo ‘inducement to
destroy them.

We, now traversed the valley bounded on the north by the
precipitous range of Mount Erakine. Crossing a large marsh,
we descended into a densely-wooded country skirting mths edge
of Whiteway’s Pond, and at some Jee Se of our joes
to wade in the water in preference to the
along the edge of the luke. Cliffs of quarts ee rite

, but the beaches were granitic. A considerable
flaws out of WI hiteway's Pond, falling, as Andrew Joe told us,

into Bonne Bay. We noticed a piece of tine in a amall
stream after we had crossed the brook, but the rock én situ was
alate. Passing by the side of a small and straggling

over a hill windfall, we arrived at head of Wigmour
Pond, which empties itself into the northern inlet of the east
arm of Bonne Bay, Andrew Joe, however, declined to take us
out by that route, so we had to climb the western side of the
dividing ridge, which rises about 1000 feet above the goa: at
ce summit it was capped by a large marsh and a where

sportsman. shot a duck, We descended to Pond

point

rubbed partonlyi mach in the hand, out of the aad
es RS wile ; it appeared to be adapted for terra
cotta ware, hills on the eastern side of Bonne Bay were

284 Rosrnson’s Report of a Journey across Newfoundland.

slate, and reminded some of us of Llanberis in North Wales;
but the southern arm, with its high basaltic-looking table-lands,
rising about 1700 or 2000 feet above the sea, presented by
far the grandest scenery.

Here our journey ended, H.M.S. Eclipse again taking charge
of us and conveying us round to St. John’s.

The secompany ing sketch of our route across the island
is compiled from data necessarily imperfect and hasty. An
aneroid barometer, a prismatic compass, a few pole-star lati-
tudes, and points from Mr. Alexander Murray's Geological
Survey of Newfoundland, constituted our resources for a survey.
We are indebted to Mr. Murray for the chart on which the
work is plotted, and likewise for the description of the red
pebbly conglomerate extending from Birchy Pond to the head
of Adie’s Pond, forming the base of the coal-measures. Signs
of glacial action were cbeerved allalong this journey, as, indeed,
all over the island; the stris: taking the natural trend of the
valleys, the grooves and scratches being retained remarkably
perfect in the harder rocks.

INDEX

0

VOLUME THE FORTY-SEVENTH!

yore! rotirod ohiof, 191,

Abtutert
Absalon, O fs Lookout, Newtound-
Abrollios Ilands, high rpocife gravity

Addio's Youd, 261, 282
casial, Cainbyses IL fathersin-low,
treasure of, 12,
Sina slnioat omphibious,
206, 207, 211.
jan Country. 99, 100,
hin Flin, 91.
Alow-Mu 5
ata

Anitivolo, ‘6: Plain, 67.

‘Andes, Condillem of the, 204.

‘Ancditesian Town, 181.
‘Andean suilitary station, 64.

‘Asp Bt county, 100,

Seon mare gtatan dae ab 88
Ankirstra Peale 70, BS

aber of iu Tibot, 108,
fama ae

pore ee 67; beaati-

*Avwagned River, 220.
stapes pk of, in Bolivia, 211;
joviah Harding, 2.0". on the,

sah a fast dying out race,
iti ity of
Aoi duthtetton et allace 6 2b."

INDEX. wz
Seg oo” SaaS
: é i,
ommend amit ch ass, 209,
freddie ore nag ny aM San
i
Bar i ee
chang, i m I
hnnigbe yal, Garpom, 100 ‘Ghuvrisacs, sudlact name of Suomniiys
Ghangemo ated Vlg, 152, “———__Provines, 204 ; the supor-
an g-Mo- :
zantasloust wraln f7b. ey 16.
Chanungo Lake, rears of Toeehea in Chareh, Cols 308, 10.
the maraby borders of, Churkong, rilned rest-howse, 125.
Oban- 180, ‘Churtan or Chhartan, °
Chareos Todians, mont, 00 note, LIA
harchan, ot rs citing Phang Town, aT.
Chargut Cho, inngo sis of 110 ‘Village, 181.
Chochuan-sian Town, 177, Charan, 124,
Ghowsdow Towne 175 Sila Ne
ain-fon Town, 173. Staats darkmon” term applied
Cheo-goo Vi) 18h. to a
Chon-knan-} ‘Village, 17. inti nia aahs
Chen-tai-sian, furmerly ‘kelun, Clarke, Capt. F, O. Hy Me aS
‘Town, 188, and ‘Col.
horing Chitwum Town, 112, noffaky'« Expedition to China by, 180
Choting Town, 116, 147, 133, a seq,
Chi ‘abandoned goldeficla, 138, Clie ‘Town, 215.
hikut Cho, 128, Coal, abundance of, tn
aimee. Village, 122 280; Mz. Wilson's Roport on, 289,
a . '» Expedition Cobijah ony
abridged and tabs Goctabanbe City, 212; Dopartnent,
Ms cramp pesicgerien Goren m7.
a
rail in Cohen, Br. B 229, 295,
Chinbo, 381, 237; on the geology of Mambas
Chin-dfn-sian Town, 173. Stud, 283.
Chinghie Khan, 4 29, Gelodendroncopenas, 348,
Chingml Villuge, 136, Cola) 0G 210,
Ching-turtoo, of Sichuasi Prox Comulee of aL
lace, 1 “Comunidades ” au.
pin Village, 100, “ ” a
rig > Slat: Sie SO a
Chisel Hilly 271. r Mr, ubiempled soout of the
Chistsinshoo,’ sult Laks, 163; Village, ‘hy, 95
ie Copper oan 885 alive
Chodal Senigpm 126. Cordillera of the Andes, 208, 208.
Cho-dow-tin 181, one! wh.
Cho-lin-poo station, 173. Tey, W, E. 7h.
Shela Balbread rico In Dll, $12. Cresper bunton of Hadammacas, St
emo Goa Laving Cho, Pangoug Croccdlile River
CS ee ee eae
ry ai unni “General, 89 note,
Chon-Bu, 92, 99, 95; Valley of the, Cuatigia 943.
32; Dafile, 95.
Charlog Gotip, 127, ‘Da-ban-ohon, 185.
‘Christie Lake, 226. Dodkhwah Mahamad Yunus, 7.

INDEX. 239
4 ie 1
Fankane Moy, Newfound, nitive Gren Bay, jak uf Nol Dano By

do low, 206. ae ee ca
x yrontle Shore Shore" of Nowfoundinnd, Av.
ite hindrance to trade from the arro-

‘pretensions of tho Eronch, 277. hon Town, route from), to tho Baise
it ions i. ne}
eeainalr Bay, Nonfouaant 72 Post, 109,

lot, 259, Gaines Current 7.
FurAityisDars seta, 38; otgia of Gustebaheatcbu sabia, 16K
‘38 note. Golf of, 77.

ane, Stream,
Gules, Bastion Asia,
Gobrig River, 188, 189, 201. 22: Deflle, 23; River, 22, 23; Valley,
Gaiba Villago, 134, 22,
Gambo Ce ‘timber of, 275, ‘Gun-chan-foo, rains of, 151.
Gunder River, 271,272, 273. ‘Gurion! Hills, 201,
1M. Gurtmn. 70.

3 Paes, 44,

157.
i ap
My, LAT.
Giaar 4, 10. Han; a7,
Galt Gal Delete D, Reh Han‘ichang, thar 360 rch rivor-tidetot
on the Buriet Cities in the Shit of, 150 ; aomree of, 15),
Sands of 1 et Hankow, determination of pealtion of,
Golchok Lisa natae for Chinew silk, Harding, Me. Joaah, the
, Lhasa mas , Mr, a“
11 note Dest of Belivio).
Godwin-At Major, $9 note, et eg.
ae ‘Pas, 114, 182, £83, nia ‘Mr, mate and coxewain,
‘arm for beadinan, 95 aipeks ‘His, 210; 290.
note. Mayiland and a of
‘Cw for sat, 80 12K Sacha ae a i
Gonion, Col., 16, 17, 21, 36, 36 Hayward Lok, 10,30,
Got Pea en
Goma Villopo 18 Hamil Be, “Phyvleat ay
Grend Pan, No iu, 872, fa” Semmaky
Grondidier, lat 57, 58, OT. ‘Hoax River, 223.

Gust, Pedal, Nenfoandland, 28% me 25h, vena’

DIDEX: 201
Johnson, Mr, W., Journey of, fr Madiee Kham, onsis of, 158, 182; Town, 107,
gnacar, 70, 18K.

7, 2,
Kara-Daria River, 85.
Merv Kerrk Post, cn 45) origin of

Kar-K i alt a 28 we
Kane kuf take of rain

Shee orci

eee Port, wi. Teh fb
tos eae of, 8, 7s

Katal Tansa, eon conical Mut a mh

Kathiumbs Mowntains, 227,

ond

—_— Peal, 85: Kolina Shale, ruins
Kawamba, 21. Kok Nor Ci poe
‘Kate, Governor, 219, 209. Kokod
Kolati-Zangi, beautiful wild weenory Kok-n Detile, 44: River, 42,

of, 193. Kokur-aur Dako, 114.
Kea'ken Valles 185, Koomatl Devgs, 284 Poort; 220; River,
ory 3
Kore, Capt, aurvoy cf Newfoundland Konkoug Hive, 1

trace” ig ‘Roki ‘reddiah inwots present in
epee py nian cand. tormn,
Kena trees, Kostenkoy Capt 21, 39 wate: tbe in
ie sce tala oO, tani, somenlon of Pair heleh 7.

ai anh 80 "Tovo) 5

otindy wtroam, 41.

“INDEX. 298
reoent Jonmeys 2251 discovery of gold in the Trine
“ented by Ror, Miedo a7 val en
et meg. Marike
205,
“oa Pictirenyue village of, 262; Haunt Rive

si Borg, formation of, 229;

Mahajio River, 68.
Métaménina, Hove eh on oe
Maborwed Erni

Mati Ta 88
it |

Malagasy Innguoge, 71; claimed to bo
4 diseeaf Avio. 87; Dye
‘Veeabulary of, 71

Mo-liac-tain wells, 182,

acest Spruit, coppermine of, 297,

Malopo River, 219.

Mamorp River, 208,

Manambdla River, 64, 65.
Minundra River, 69, 67,

Mananjéro River, 6

Manas, or Suislal-sian, ‘Town, 186.

Mango Village, 97, 127.

Mani, Buddhist eaten, 90 note,

formation of, 229,

Marmara ira people, 141
Ms Polo, 2, 3, 4, Hg 6
Mare Ment Sot} suritrous charustor

Marita, ¢ ai nearing Toparations at,
239.

Matalin River, 1
Matitinana River,
of, 55: Val
Matollo River,
ae Ga 190.

Maviti ‘hide, raragwe chy to) Kate,

Mejtiones
Menarahaka River, 02, 58; Valley,

‘Mila Khiton 154,
Mlochins Mrs 208308, 204,208.
Mindnm

Mo Gua eu ‘Cho, 124,
Mobiling, 128,
Mohammed Emin; 27 rots
Mohn, Prof. 77.

INDEX. 295
Oraro City, 208, 212, 215; rich mines alan Town, 162,
Bika ar Department, 204; Bien Dao, 19.
Osbonia, Mr.'W. 275; donte fogs of, 274. Pst
— Hilla, fd pee a tsi Vi Lr
‘Ammon, 0 rf
Ox iver 45 x = er 8
Pan-tsia-chuan atation, 106, Poors te
Pacha Camae, ‘ancient Bolivian god- Pon; a Bos extant of, 240; Biver,
cen,
See heer
mn 3 i :
Rei aa ga OPS
i Duldali- Ali
Val, 124. " Port-a-Port Boy, 274, 275.
Pallading, Archimandrite, 155. Portugaléto, Bolivia, mines of, 216.
wa la “Acar, ‘Chile tarifo ratn- Bast village, 288,
Pantomurteesof Madagascar, 1 Snnen aia tk Depart, m 208
Ps vast r Gh. mine A Le
Pang Bhup, 126. Pottinger, aT
— Khang, 134. Pow-poo Villaj os
‘Lhareha, 185. Projevalsky, Col, 4, 91, U4,
Nyungum Dong, 135. Price, Rev,
Pr Take aM, 134; depth of, hoeattecet vont
my } I
Dl nots Placroapln uti A.
Péngur Gi sk Pu rostratus, 244,
Panta, Isle de, 206. ——— typieus, 24
Fed ay a ‘tolemy,

Pea sala nuneration of, 147.

iag Valley, 100, 19 5 Hvar, 190,191.
es a) 213, 215 ; "caning

Poicho stream, 15
pee Pim, antl {dentient with Kiel, 8
ng Vi
Pemba: ct tof Buridhist, peoulariy
108.
Potcrmann, Dr,, 80 note, 218,
Phin-chow, formerly ita shee chet

Mf, 234,
be penta 149.
Pines ‘Trunavaal, formation of,

Bugs Ri 208

Tesi
Quichun Indians, 211.

BS i

‘Eamazoon Mountains, 227,

Ranovélona, cruelty pmetised by the
generale of, 58,

Hang, ay 8
ng, oF Kiang, wooly "

Rapah Bivor, 190,
Rathbone, Mr. HF, 241.
Teata, peat of, in Madagascar, €2.

Breet

ise a

=o, 182.

é
g

Denste of Sonim /, 98, 99, 100,

Step 08 — =" url 7,9 opie
Bh how, 186, abridged a eee account of,

ss in Hy fk. BG. Cask, ha 158

rc 1, ot,
Shi-chuanrsion a Spar, 258, 2 24
Shi-san-dzian-fan station, 183,
‘aiactine Villoen, 170, Seni Ba Yooubulary
Shi-vu-li-teian- 168. 72.
Siar Poy a ee
\¢ Jang Mountain, 101, aie alan “

Siang opia of Shoat Provssey Sk Pete Kalb, 305
si sangefoo Yillogs, 37. Stree Me. Sl
Sian-yun-atan Town, 179. ‘Soan-chuun-tsn, fresh-water wolls, 106.
Biao-| w plution, 187. Sa-chow Town, 176,
Kin nar kw Vilage 17h Sthow- fo fiery Tera,
Siderayln inde, Ti See, egal ‘of Bolivia, 202, 242, 213,
Sion watin i eo a Salvi fase ul ai

gun staflon,
Lay pe hed nd
Sibaag Rivers T4By head.waiare of, 17.

18. fie ‘Salu-tu station, a,
Pale rerar d By Febre ie entree ET enlitab Pisiaee
Siolowaien 173, ad by, 19,
‘Sin-sin-toin wolls, 182. Suok-Sai stream, 41.
Sin-tar-kow 1. Sorng.
Siin-tat Village, 1 Sarin River, 20,
Siow] i alnren
Slow-ven V Syad Yaicab Khao, 18, 16.
Station i ‘Tacorm Peak, 208; Range, 205.
aie, He rrr
Been ane ere Taisdka tribe, 6.
Si-tsinctan Vi . tribo, 59,
Skobelef, ‘Taith tribe, 20.
Slang Rh 224. ‘Tatvons tribo, 59.

Slangapios Mountains, 227, ‘Tai-yu Village, 179.
Sith Teodor of Tidkohé Monnatery, 189,
“Te oom an Ua Ben ‘TWetong, 12,
Snags, obstruction of, in tha Kingan}

Bivor, 258, ‘Tamoariad-troes, size and beauty of, in
saliost water of the _ Madagascar, U1,
aI, :

vied he ound they Tessa, Malay Polynesian family

4. 48.
“Ean eee en tema

‘Tain stream, 180.) 1st.
Pea ence elrmomars
‘eins 0,187. ue , 18,
‘Tein-hum-cbene Vetta
‘Teinjourivo military station, 63, Uyntn-Yeberio VL!
Taal ite ‘Countey, 259; aruiaand habile
‘Tein.nia-chow ‘Town, 181. tho peopl. 450,
‘Fein-ahan Villags, 177. Tizbel Pass, 83, 24.
Teduaslul Viblago, 181. Vani-S aithiont of the Chon, 32%,
Bek-in Villag 181. 38: Valley of the, $2) 88.
‘Trin-
thine Taivor, 8, 71. ‘Voul River, £18, 282, 206, 220,
abies Tee Peele am ond
TaleTaictalta 168; wally 106. TE,
‘Toile var 13k; Volley, 12h, __Vangainditan Have fort, 8 5
‘Tsoobow Town, 12 Vautcbanecus TOO wall
Tee es tee 176, Yann ae. 163,
0
‘Toultak Take, Vi 4
TTakbt--Luse, ruined ely of 12. ace ae
Mela li-ko Village 196, Vrgund Village, 180
‘Tulung Village, 107. Vel Stream,
Seed ‘Chuirbu, of Chubuk, Monastery, _Vermajo River, 208.
‘Tupim City, 81 do 258 wlrcam, 258,
Tan Tees pie Voumbobitre HUl'u7.
‘Tuyuk Su Pas, 35. Vaniléna wooded hill, 67.
Totes Togo. Tena aaNelegeoeestll arama
fogoe
bhatt tg atc Vooshisli Vitae 100.
"T4i-yan-sian Town, 157, Virdunodai tation, 100,
U-cho-an, 178. Wakutu
‘Uheutu, deadly elimato of, 205, Walker, Cole ca
Ulan vonli fi ), . = Onl. td,

Umbeloa Poort gonzo,
sen eee
ore

ui eran ra Waters Monstaise’ 224 227

‘miki : a A
Unkomatl River, 26, 280. Waterhonse Cove, 138.
Umlecka, 249, Wazaramo people, 259, 260; mibbery
Unlucky’ times, ‘Tanaka tion wth violenoo of the, 255; oxtin-

a te, and comvequent inti, ‘ay a tution by the Maviti,
Urostigova. Notalionsis, 246. Weiho, tho, 160, 172
Uruntsi. Dushun-chow, or Hnmine —Wet-sian Town, 159.

‘otze Town, 185. Wealey, Port, or Lagoon, 138.
Capesehss M., Notes of, 100; Itinerary Wales? sae Australasian mimionnry

of, Hi i
Usuta, or River, source of, White Bay, Nowfoandland, 280,

‘ta "ear ‘River, Newformdland,
——, Little, River, 250, 278.

300

White River, tributary of the Foogola,
Umtelosi River, 249,
Pond,

Whiteway's ‘Newfoundland,

Wilge River, 222,

Wilson, Mr, Report of, on tho coal of
‘Transvaal, 239.

Witfontein

Borge, 227.

Witgnstein Prince, 24, 25 note, 26, 27,
1,

Witraters Rand, 227; Plateny, fomm-

Wonba, or Ooh v Village, 133.
Wes Lieut, ascent of tho Oxus by,

Yabpé Jegro Distro 108

Yalé Yale Sue snowy ponk peak 114, 117.
jim p 117.
Ya-long Kiang, the, 211.
Bis

‘Yan-dian Village, 175.
Yangi-Aryk, 23.

‘Yan, ‘Town, 157.
Yangetoe ki lang, the, 114,151.

‘ekdar bamlet, 1!

Yellow Birch of Newfoundland, dum.
bility of, 275,

Yelzete well, 1

Ye-sian Tor

‘Yo-tsia-kow

175.
illage, 156.

INDEX.

Yorahu-pe Vi

Yolahak az, sfoton launch of, om the

Yom Spc Oa Ombo, 129.
Yun Vilage, 1807

Yelohow ‘Town, 175.
in-san Town, 165,

Yule Ga “5, 1 lt 80 moe BS and

‘note, 37, 99 mote.
yan tap
Yangjuk Village, 182.
Yanahor-sian Town, 170.
Yen tithe fe Kirghs,
felt huts of th
civilization, 44. aoe
ZaSi’ Torahine, people of Ivétomésina,
Ababa wes

1g from atmo-
“pee nay, marty, aoe remedy for,
Zouga River, 237.
Zoutpans Berge, 227.

Zuikerboshrand River, ‘229.
angin Nek Mountain, 221.

END OF VOL. XLVII.

LOSDOK:: FRIXTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND GOUS, STAMFORD STREEE
ND CHAEING C3088.

GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL ADVERTISER.

By Appointment to H.R.H, the.
ba mes of Wales. |

aT

37, WEST STRAND, LONDON.
New Illustrated Catalogues of 500 other Articles for
Home or Continental Travelling, Post free,

2 Patont Solid:Leather _ALLEN'S PATERT
| SADWS INDIAN WARDROBE." Portminioni, " QUANRUFLE PORTMANTEAU,
! ; xt

ACLEN'S INDIAN
DESPATCH BOX DESK.
Prize Medal awarded for General Excellence.
(MERCHANTS SUPPLIED.)

J. W. ALLEN, MANUFACTURER,

ER EGYPT. | 4 Desssiptive Aocon

i 3t.tsebhipnanielii
sect bow

Salad oaryubare Bo. 64,60, and Lis, :
‘Wholesale and Retail from .
22, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C.
i Estanuiomep Srxry Years.
Lau? ._&. wicca

Ii pine o'r te ee is eat or Hi es as

oz :
11 PROP SOR pete Prieate amin ct ey a le a oer

Same? is att f ante

tints = Sop tyr: Wins rn PRS he ra
(Mr. Trrvayt had this Collection arranged to Utastrate his Lectures on Grclogy and Paleontology at
{5ike ln ea rot eee eee ela son ota ie

ca in

Pe Ses boat ee
cea Ten Se

ae Smt shee
Tov aes assets euiions wt Pes
Lo hemewaeed

owas:

‘been evilcoied With care an ak great expeure

pe ap Etnies deci beat

VI—ELEMENTARY ORDLOGICAL COLLACELON tiny Tye bo Fiiky Guineas each
Vit SOPWEOHS GROLOGICAL MODELS. i> Wood, four sanrarreh ge

Sie Paataee ita kes outed

i :

JAMES TENNANT, Geologist, 149, Sizand, WC.

GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL ADYEREESS. 5

Messrs. MACMILLAN & CO.’S
PUBLICATIONS.

BY ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE.
Teg NATURE; and other ae

acai eck ARCHIPELAGO ; the Pe ote the
Orang-Ttan and the Bird of Paradise, a Narrative of
eee and numerous Tustrations, Sint Baton tem

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF
ANIMALS, and

BY nin SAMAR SAEEE,

THE ALBERT NYANZA GREAT BASIN OF
‘THE NILE, and Exploration of the Nile Sources. With
Illustrations and Maps. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo., 6s.

THE NILE TRIBUTARIES OF ABYSSINIA,

and the Sword Hanters of the Hamran Arabs. With Illustrations
and Maps. Fifth Bdition. Crown 8vo., 6s,

CHINA: A History of the Laws, Manners, and Costoms
of the "wie ae oux Hunky Gear, LID, Archdencon of Hong
Kon vy W. Gow Guxoon. With nénrly 150 Mastrations

“Ite pages eats ai most truthful and vivid pictares of Chinese life which ‘have

‘ever boen published." —Athenanm, f

THE VOYAGE OF THE “« CHALLENGER.”—THE
ATLANYIC, An Account of the Exploring Voyages of HL MES.

Wit hastrat
Solonred Maps, Charts, do, aol Bocaitof ie antine Qvols., $vo,, 45%,

PERU : Incidents of Travel and Exploration in the Land
of the Incas, By E.G, Squren, Into U. 8, Commissioner to Peru. With
300 ivatrations Second Bdition, 8yo., 2le.

AT LAST: A Christmas in the West Indies. By
Cuaxtes Kixosuzr. Fifth Edition. With Maps and numerous Tina-
‘trations, Crown Bro. 6x

DUTCH GUIANA. By W.G. Patorave. 8vo., 9s.
MACMILLAN AND 00,, LONDON,

6 GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL ADVERTISER,
Two TREO Te A We we

THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT

The SOURCES of the NILE; AROUND the GREAT LAKES;
‘sD

DOWN THE CONGO. . dl

_ By HENRY M. STANLEY. Ps,

SPECIAL NOTIGE.—Mr. Srasurv’s accomt of
his Travels acd Adventures on is
recent Perilous Joumey throwgh
Africa, under the above tithe will
tbe ready for Publication

/MMEDIATELY,

‘Tho Work will be in
2 Vols., Domy 8r0
and will contain about 180
full-page and other Tus

trations from Photographs
and Skoteben, taken by
Mr, Sraxuer, and 9 Maps.

Price £2 2s.

Published by permission of the Lorde Commissioners of Che Admiral.

NARRATIVE OF A VOYAGE TO THE POLAR SEA
DURING 1875-76,
In H.M.'s Ships ‘ALERT’ and ' DISOOVERY.!
By Captain Sir G, S, NARES, R.N., K.C.B., FRS.,

‘Commander of the Txpodiiion,

WITH NOTES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY,
{

Captaia H, W. FEI
Two Volumes, deny 8eo., with numerous Woodeut Mustrations ond
Negatives tahen by Members of the Expedition, Maps, de. Priva
‘THIS WORK 1S NOW READY. a

SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & nrs070
Grown Buildings, V8, Veet Bima, Landen.