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THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
GIFT OF
the xcungcr
".toy"-"'
tOWTHOK.
JOURNEY
INTO
ENGLAND.
B Y
PAUL HENTZNER,
In the Year M.D.XC.VIII.
PRINTED AT STRAWBERRY-HILL.
MDCCLVII.
To THE Right Honourablh
HUGH,
Lord WiLi^ouGHBY of Parham;
PRESIDENT}
TO THE
COUNCIL AND FELLOWS
Of the Society of
A N T I Q^U ARIES,
This Edition and Translation,
o F
Part of the Itinerary of
HENTZNERUS,
Is offered with great Refpeft
by the Editor,
HORACE WALPOLE, F. S. A. and F. R. S.
Ji
Advertifement-
DOdor Birch, in his fum-
mary of Sir Thomas
Edmondes's State-papers, has
publifhed a fhort extrad from
the following obfolete Author,
which, for the elegance of the
Latin, and the remarkable de-
fcription of queen EHzabeth,
has been defervedly admired:
Her beft portraits fcarcely exhi-
bit a more lively image.
The
The original work, of which
perhaps there are not above
four, or five copies in England,
is an itinerary through Ger-
many, England, France, and
Italy, performed by Hentzner,
a travelling tutor to a young
German nobleman. That Dr.
Birch has extracted the moft
interefting paffage in the whole
book, is certain : Yet it re-r
cords fome circumftances and
cuRoms, not unworthy the
notice of an Englifh Antiqua-
rian, and which are mentioned
no
[ iii ]
no where elle. For thefe rea-
fons, I flatter myfelf, that a
pubHcation of the part relating
to our own country, might not
be an unacceptable prefent to
perfons of curioiity. The
tranflation, was the produdion
of the idle hours of another
Gentleman.
The Author feems to have
had that laborious, and indif-
criminate paflion for seeing^
which is remarked in his coun-
trymen ; and as his Tranflator
obferved, enjoyed as much the
doubtful
[iv]
doubtful head, of a more
doubtful faint in pickle, as any
upon the Ihoulders of the beft
Grecian ftatue. Fortunately
fo memorable a perfonage as
queen Elizabeth, happened to
fall under his notice.— —Ten
years later, . he would have
been as accurate in paiiiiting
Anne of Denmark !
The exgefs of relpe6lful
ceremonial ufed at decking her
Majefty's tabie^ ' though* not in
h€r prefence, and the kind of
adoration and genuflexion paid
to
{ vii ]
-With regard to the ortho-
graphy of proper Names,
though corredled in the trail-
jQation, I have left theminthe
. ' ''-■■1
original as I found' them-™-
Accuracy in that particular,
was not the Author's merit ^:
ITt is a merit peculiar to Eng-
liflimen : The French are ne-
gligent of it to an affedation ;
yet the author of Les Me-
langes Hijioriques complains
that other nations corrupt
French names ! He himfelf
gives fome Englifh ones in
B 2 p. 247,
[ viii ]
p. 247, 248. which it is im-
pofTible to decypher. Baflbm-
pierre calls York-houfe, Jor-
chauxy and Kenfington, In-
himthort. As a foldier and
embaflador, he was not oblig-
ed to know the names of
Houfes ; when he turned
author, there was no excufe
for not being intelligible. Even
Voltaire, who writes the lan-
guage fo well, is carelefs in
our titles. In England, it is
the defedl of a fervant to
blunder in proper names. It
is one of thofe filly preteniions
to
to her perfon, approach to
Eaftern homage. When we
obferve fuch worlhip offered to
an old Woman, with bare
neck, black teeth, and falfe
red hair, it makes one fmile ;
but makes one refled: what
mafculine fenfe was couched
under thofe weaknefles, and
which could command fuch
awe from a nation like Eng-
land !
Not to anticipate the enter-
tainment of the reader, I fhall
make but one more refle<3:ion.
B We
[vi]
We are apt to think that Sir
WiHiam / Temple, and king
Williani, were in a mannfer
thei introducers of gardening
into England : By the defdrip-
tion of lord Burleigh's gardens
at Theobalds, and of thole at
Nonfuch, we find that the
magnificent, though falfe tafte,
was known here as eariy as the
reigns of Henry VIII. and his
Daughter. There is Icarce an
unnatural and fiimptuous im-
propriety at Verfailles, which
we do hot find in Hentzrier's
defcription of the gardens
above-mentioned. With
H E N T Z N E R's
ACCOUNT
OF
E N G L A N D.
In the Year M.D.XC.VIII.
HENTZNERI
ITINERARIUM.
AD oppidulum Rye, ubi portus eft An-
gliae, pervenimus. Quam primum hie
nave eflemus egrefli, Notario loci nomina
noftra dedimus, prius tamen interrogati, quid
negotii nobis in hoc Regno futurum ? Ubi
refponfum eilet, nos infulae perluftrandae gra-
tia folummodo hue advenifle, in diverforiuni
dedudi, & pro Regionis more, bene & lautc
fuimus habiti.
Equis eurforiis Londinum profefti fumus.
Mira horum eeleritas ; levibus reguntur frenis;
ephippiis utuntur, ultra fpithamam, vix me-
dium digitum latis.
FlIMVVOLT,
[ ix ]
to politenefs, which nations
that affed: a fiiperiority, have
always cultivated For in all
affectations, defeds are merits.
The readers of hiftory love
certainty : It is pity the wri-
ters do not. What confulion
would it have faved, if it had
not been the cuftom of the
Jews to call every Darius and
Artaxerxes, Ahafuerus ! It were
to be wifhed, that all nations
would be content to ufe the
appellations which people, or
refpedive countries have chofen
for themfelves. Proper names
ought
ought never to be tortured to
any particular idiom. What a
ridiculous compofition is jJulu-
gel ! Who can conceive that
Meylandty fignifies Milan; or
l^t^orWy Livorno f' When one
is mifled by a proper name, the
only ufe of w^hich is to dired:,
pne feels like the Country-
man, , who complained. That
the, houfes hi7tdered him from
feei?ig Paris.- The thing be-
comes an obftrudion to itfelf.
HEN-
HENTZN E R^s
TRAVELS.
WE arrived at Rye, a fmall Englifh
fea-port. Here, as foon as we
came on fhore, we gave in our names to
the Notary of the place, but not till he had
demanded our bufmefs ; and being ani'wered.
That we had none but to fee England : We
were conducted to an inn, where, we were
very well entertained ^ as one generally is
in this country.
m We took poft horfes for London : It is
furprizing how fwiftly they run, their bridles
are very light, and their faddles, little more
than a fpan over.
C Flimwell,
2 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Flimvvolt, pagus in Anglia. Hic priori-
bus equis dimiffis, alios confcendimus.
TuMBRiDGE, Angliae pagum, tranflvimus.
Che PS TED, Angliae pagus, in quo fecunda
vice priores equi dimittuntur, & novi condu-
cuntur,
LoNDiNUM, totius Angliae caputs atque
metropolis; Cornel io Taci to, Londinium;
Ptolomaeo, Longidinium ; Ammiano Mar^
cellino, Lundinium -, exteris Londra &
LoNDREs ; incolis London dicitur ; Bri-
tannic! imperii fedes Regumque Angliae Ca-
mera ; urbs eft antiquiflima, in comitatu
Midlefexia, regione totius Anglias feraciffima
& faluberrima, ad flumen Thamefim lx,
paffuum millia ab oceano fita ; cujus quidem
primum omnium fundatorem, Brutum fuifle,
conftanti hiftoriarum leftionc perhibetur i
is ex Italia in Graeciam, inde in Africam^
turn in Gallias, acdemum in Britanniam devc-
. niens.
. HENTZNER's Travels. a
Flimwell, a village ; here vire returned
our firft horfes, and mounted frefli ones.
We pafled through Tunbridge, another
village.
Chepsted, another village j here for the
iecond time we changed horfes.
London, the head and metropolis of Eng-
land : Called by Tacitus, Londinium ; by
Ptolomey, Longidinium j by Ammianus
Marcellinus, Lundinium ; by foreigners,
Londra, and Londres ; is the feat of the
Britifti empire, and the chamber of the Eng-
lifli kings. This moft antient city, is in the
county of Middlefex, the fruitfulleft and
wholefomeft foil in England, It is built
upon the river Thames, 60 miles from the
fea, and was originally founded, as all
hiftorians agree, by Brutus, who coming
from Greece into Italy, thence into Africa,
next into France, and laft into Britain,
C 2 chofe
3 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
niens, ad Thamefim fluvium, fitu & opor-
tun itate loci adducSius, urbem condidit, Tro-
JAMQUE NOVAM appdlavit, quie tandem per
corruptionem Trinovantum fuit appellata.
At, poflquam Lud, frater Caflibllauni, five
CafUvellauni, qui cum Julio Caefare diixiica-
vit, cujus ipfemet Crefar meminit, lib, 5. de
Bell, Gall, regni gubernacula adeptus eft,
cinxit earn nobiliflimis muris, & turribus,
arte mira fabricatis, & de nomine fuo juflfit
eam dici, Caier Lud, id eft Civitas Lud ;
dcinde per corruptionem nominis C.^rlun-
da ; & fuccedente tempore, per commuta-
tionem linguarum, Lundene, ac pofteaLuN-
DRES, dicta fuit. Mortuus tandem Lud, in
hac urbe fepultus eft', juxta portam iilam, quae
hoc etiam tempore, PoR Lud, Britannice,
Saxonicc verb Ludesgate nuncupatur.
Nobilis ille fluvius Thamefis, primo Ifis
r43minatus, paulo lupra Vinchelcombiam vi-
Gum oi-itur, dcinde rivis pafTim auctus, citra
Oxonium, cum flumine Thami, junciis aquis,
n.omen quoquc conjungit \ ad extremum im-
mani
HENTZNER's Travels. 3
chofe this fitiiation, for the convenience of
the river, calling it Troja nova, which
name was afterwards corrupted into T ri-
ng van t. But when Lud, the brother of
CafTibilan, or Cailivelan, who warred againft
Julius Caefar, as he himfelf mentions, lib, 5.
d0 BelL GalL came to the crown, he encom-
pafled it with very ftrong walls, and towers
very artfully conftru6i:ed, and from his own
name called it Caier Lud, /. e. Lud's City.
This name was corrupted into that of C^R-
LUNDA, and again in time by change of
Language, into Lundres. Lud, when he
died, was buried in this town, near that gate
which is yet called in Welch, PoR Lud,
in Saxon, Ludesgate.
The famous river Thames, owes part of
its ftream, as well as of its appellation, to
the Ifis ; rifing a little above Winchelcomb,
and being encreafed with feveral rivulets,
unites both its waters, and its name to the
Thame, on the other fide of Oxford, thence
after paiTmg by London, and being of the ut-
moft
4 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
mani maris aeftu (qui bis, ut ait Gemma
Frifius XXV. horarum fpacio amplius Lxxx.
paffuum millibus fluit ac refluit, Polydorus
Vergilius Urbinas lib. i. AngL Hljl. fcribit,
Themefim fluvium xxiv. horarum fpacio,
bis fluere atque refluere, amplius LX. paffuum
millibus) excipitur, atque navigabilis ac vaf-
tus, permagno mortal ium commodo, ipfam
urbem alluens, in oceanum influit,
Porro urbs Londinenfis, & per fe maxi-
ma eft, & fuburbia habet ampliflima, nee non
arcem, Turrim appellatam, pulcherrime ex-
truftam.
^dificiis verb atque templis magnifice or-
natur, vicenis fupra centenas aedibus, quas
Parochiales vocant, venerabilis.
Meridiem verfus, pontem habet lapideum,
800 pedes longum, opus certe mirabile ; et
enim xx. ftant ex lapide quadrato pilae, altjE
pedes LX. latae xxx. diftantque inter fe circi-
ter pedes xx. fornicibus conjunftae, fuper cu-
ius
HENTZNER's Travels. 4
moft utility, from its greatnefs and naviga-^
tion, it opens into a vaft arm of the fea,
from whence the tide, according to Gem-
ma Frifius, flows and ebbs to the diftance of
80 miles, twice in 25 hours, and according
to Polydore Virgil, above 60 miles, twice in
24 hours.
This city being very large of itfelf, has
very extenfive fuburbs, and a fort, called the
Tower, of beautiful ftru6lure» It is magni-
ficently ornamented, with public buildings
and churches, of which there are above 120
parochial.
On the South, is a bridge of ftone, 800
feet in length, of wonderful work ; it is fup-
ported upon 20 piers of fquare ftone, 60 feet
high, and 30 broad, joined by arches of
about 20 feet diameter. The whole is cover-
ed on each fide with houfes, fo difpofed, as to
have the appearance of a continued ftreet,
not at all of a bridge*
Upon
5 H E N T Z N E RI Itiner arivm.
jus dorfo, domicilia utrinque ea difpofitfoiief
6 ordine cernuntur, ut perpetui fere vici fpe-
ciem, noil pontis cxhibeant.
Ponti Lohdinenfi turns inaedlficata eft, in
cujus fummitate, reorum laefae majeftatis, &
patriae proditorum capita, perticis ferreis affixa
conrpiciuntur, ultra triginta nos horum mime-
ravimus.
Paul us lovius clariflimas Britanrfia? urbes
defcribens ; harum omnium, inquit, famaiW|
Lohdinum penitus obfcurat, Trinobanturri,
ut plures exiftimant, civitas, C. lulio Caefari
nuncupata, totius Britanniae regia, multarum
gentium commercio nobilitata, excultai doitii-
bus, ornata templrs, excelfa arcibus, & dcni-
que rerum omnium copia, atque opum afflu-
cntia, valde mirabilis. Invehit In earn totius
orbis opes ipfe Thamefis, ftatis horis, oceaiii '
asftibus fuperbus & tumidtis, onerariis navi--
bus ab oftio per tx. mtllia paftuum, ad tir"- '
bem, tuto femper & praealto alveo, naviga-
bilis.' Ripas undique peramcenae villae, pfki-'^
diis
HENTZNER's Travels.
Upon this is built a tower, on whofe
top the heads of fuch as have been executed
for high treafon, are placed upon iron fpikes 2
We counted above 30;
Paulus lovius, m his deicription of the
moft remarkable towns in England, fays, all
are obfcured by London : Which in the opi-
nion of many is Caefar's city of the Trino-
bantes, the capital of all Britain, famous for
the commerce of many nations ; it's houfes
are elegantly biiilt, it's churches fine, it'^
towns ftrong, and it's riches and abundance
furpri^ing. The wealth of the world i^
wafted to it by the Thames, fwelled by the
tide, and navigable to merchant fhips,
through a fafe and deep channel for 60
miles, from its mouth to the city : It's banks
are every where beautified with fine country
feats, woods, arid farms ; below,* is the royal
palace of Greenwich ; above, that of Rich-
D mond ;
6 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
diis atque nemoribus diftinftae paflim exor-
nant. Ab inferiore fcilicet parte regia domus,
Grinuvicia, ita Anglice a viridariis appellata ;
et in fuperlore praetorium, nomine Ricemun-
dum ; in medio autem nobilis ftru6lurae exur-
git Weftmonafterium, ab occidua urbis parte,
foro ludiciali, five Parlamento, ac D. Petri
templo, regum fepulchris exornato, longe
clariiTimum. Atque item vigefimo lapide a
Londino, regium caftrum, Vindoforiae, fece-
deixtis regis peramcena fede, aliquotque regum
fepulchris & Garretteriorum fodalium ceremo-
nia percelebre. Olores autem agminatim,
iaeto occurfu, & feftivis cantibus fubeuntes
claiTes excipiunt, ac undique retia fduris atque
Salmonibus expanduntur. lungitur ad urbem
lapideo ponte ftruftura mirifici operis, nee
ullis imbribus augetur, cuiji unis tantum aefti-
bus intumefcat, HaSfenus Paulus lovlus.
Porro Londinum, tefte Polydoro Vergilio
Uh. 4. JngL Hijh ab Archenini, five Erchen-
vini regis ufque temporibus, regia civitas eft^
& regni caput, civibus & alienigenis frequen-
tiilima^
HENTZNER's Travels. 6
mond ; and between both, on the Weft of
London, rife the noble buildings of Weff-
minfter, moft remarkable for the courts of
Juftice, the Parliament, and St. Peter's church,
enriched with the royal tombs. At the
diftance of 20 miles from London, is ihe
caftle of Windfor, a moft delightful retreat of
the kings of England, as well as famous for fe-
veral of their tombs, and for the ceremonial of
the Order of the Garter. This river abounds
in Swans, fwimming in flocks ; the fight of
them, and their noife, is vaftly agreeable to
the fleets that meet them in their courfe. It
is joined to the city by a bridge of ftone, won-
derfully built; is never encreafed by any
rains, rifmg only with the tide, and is every
where fpread with nets, for the taking of Sal-
mon and Shad. Thus far Paulus lovius,
Polydore Virgil affirms, that London has
continued to be a royal city, and the capital
of the kingdom, crowded with its own in-
habitants and foreigners, abounding in riches,
and famous for its great trade, from the time
of king Archeninus, or Erchenvinus. Here
D z the
7 HENTZNERI Itinerar?um.
tifiima, divjtiis atque opibus aifluens, emporio
* celeberrima. In ea reges diademate regio in-
i[igriiuntur, f egnoque caeremoniis fplendidiilimis
inaugurantur ; in ea confdium five Parlamen-
ttim celebratur. Adminiftratur autem antlquo
, ^ritannorum regum privilegio a xxiv, civibus,
quos AngH -Aldermannos quafi Seniares vo-
cant J ^x qupmm numero praetore'm urba-
.num,' Majorem eorum lingua appellatum,
Tribunofque duos, Scervips vocatos, ipfimet
annua commutatione eligunt, qui in jure di-
cundo legibus municipalibus utuntur. Mira
eruditiilimorum virorum, cum in universa Bri-
tannia, turn in bac potillimurn urbe femper
extitit fertilitas, qui inter Scriptores celebra-
tiffimi cnituerunt.
Patent urbis moenia fex portis, qu« no-
vatae nova etiam alTumferunt nomina. Ad
occafum^jduse ii^t.
I. LuDGATE, aLuddo rege, omnium ^nti-
quifTima, cujus nomen etiarnnum hodie fi|-
pra portaqi incifum extat ; five Flutgate, quo-
rundam opinione, a fluviolo fubjefto, ut Por-
ta
s HENTZNER'3 Travels. 7
the kings are crowned, and folemnly inaugu-
rated, and the council of the nation, or Par-
liament is held. The government of the
city is lodged by antient grant of the kings
of Britain, in 24 Aldermen, that is, Seniors :
Thefe annually e|ea out of their own body
a Mayor, ?ind two SheriiFs, who determine
caufes according to the municipal laws. It
has always had, as indeed Britain in general,
a jrreat number of men of learning, much
diftinguifhed for their writings.
The walls are pierced with fix gates, which
as they were rebuilt, acquired new names.
Two look Eaftward :
I. LuDGATE, the oldeft, fo called from
king Lud, whofe name is yet to be feen, cut
into the ftone over the arch on one fide;
though others imagine it rather to have been
named Fludgate, from a ftream over which
it ftands, like the Porta Fluentana at Rome.
It has been lately repaired by queen Eliza-
beth, whofe ftatuc is placed on the oppofite
fide. And
11.
8 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
ta Fluentaiia Romae, nunc a regina Elifa-
betha renovata cujus ftatua ab altera quoque
parte vi'detur.
II. Newgate, omnium pulcherrima, a
novitate fic appellata, prius Chamberlangate,
dic^a, quae publicum eft ergaftulum.
Ad feptentrionem Quatuor.
I. Alders GATE, ab alnetis, vel ab Al-
dricio Saxone, ut aliis placet.
II. Creplegate, a claudorum hofpitio.
III. Moregate, a palude adjuftdla, nunc
in agrum conversa, primum a Francetio Prae-
tore. Anno Chrifti m.cccc.xiv. patefada.
IV. Bischopsgate, ab Epifcopo, quam
German! Hanfiaticae Societatis Mercatores, &
inftaurare, & difficilioribus temporibus propug-
nare ex pa6to tenebantur, atque ad iftam &
aperiendam & claudendam clavem habebarrt,
quo, neceflitate fic poftulante, & ingredi, &
cgredi, no£tu atque interdiu pofTent.
Ad
HENTZNER's Travels. 8
II. NewqatEj the beft edifice of any :
So called from being new built, whereas be-
fore it was named Chamberlain-gate. It is
the public prifon.
On the North are four :
I. ALDERSGATEjas fome think, from alder
trees ; as others, from Aldricius, a Saxon.
II. Criplegate, from an hofpital for
the lame.
III. MooRGATE, from a neighbouring mo-*
rafs, now converted into a field, firft opened by
* Francetius the Mayor, A. D. 1414.
IV. And BisHOPSGATE, from fome Bi-
fhop : This the German Merchants of the
Hans Society were obliged by compaft to
keep in repair, and in times of danger to
defend. They were in pofleljion of a key, to
open or fhut it, fo that upon occafion they
could come in, or go out, by night, or by day.
* His name was Sir Thomas Falconer*
There
9 HENTZNERI Itinjerarium,
Ad Ortum una fola eft ;
Aldgate, a vetuftate fic dida, vel Elbe-
gate, ut alii volunt.
Ad Thamefim, duas etiam portas, praeter
illani ad pontem, extitifle nonnulli creduiit.
I. Belnigsgate, nunc cothon, five por-
tus artificialis, ad recipiendas naves.
II. DouRGATE, id eft, Aquaria porta,
vulgo Dovvgate.
Templum Cathedrale D. Paulo fa-
crum, ab Ethelberto Anglo-Saxonum rege
conditum eft, quod fubinde reftauratum, in
maximum & magnificentiflimum excrevit, red-
ditibufque opulentum, unde praeter Epifco-
pum, Decanus, Praecentor, Cancel! ari us,
Thefaurarius, Archidiaconi quatuor, Praeben-
darii XXIX. & alii prolixe aluntur. Teftum
hujus, quern adm6dum & omnia fere templa
per totam Angliam, una cum adjunda turri',
plumbo obtedhitfi eft.
Ad
HENTZNER's TftAVfiiJi 9
There is only one gate to the Eaft :
ALf)GATE, that is Oidgate, from its anti-
quity; though others think it to have beea
named Elbegate.
Several people believe, there v^erefbrfnerty
two gates (befides that to the bridge) towards
the -Thames.
I. BiLLiNGSGATfe, nov^acothon, orarti-^
ficral port^ for the reception of fhips.
II. D0URGATE5 vulgo Dow^gate, /. e*.
Water-gate.
The Cathedral of St. Paul was
founded by Ethelbert, king o{ the Saxons,
and being from time to time fe-edified, en-
creafed to vaftnefs and magnificence, and in
revenue fo much, that it affords a plentiful
fupport to a Biftiop, Dean, Prascentor, Trea-
furor, four Archdeacons, 29 Prebendaries,
and many others. The roof of )^iis,j/:Jjujrch, :
E as
lo HENTZNERI ItineraRium.
Ad dextrum Chori latus eft epitaphlum
ex marmore, Nicolai * ne Bacon cum uxore.
Non lonoe ab ifto videtur monumentum mao--
nificum, alabaftrinis, marmoreifque pyramidi-
bus ornatum, cum hiic infcriptione ;
Sacrum Memorise
t D. Chr, Hattoni Gu. Fil. lo. Nepos anti-
quifs. Hattonorium gente oriundi ; Rcgise Ma-
jeftatis, D. Eliz. ex Nobilibus ftipatoribus l*
viri ; Sacratioris Camerae Generoforum unius ;
Prastorianorum militum Ducis ; Regii Proca-
merarii; Sanftioris Confdi Senatoris 5 fummi
Angliae ac Oxon. Acad. Cancellarii ; Ordinis
Nobilifs. San. Georgian! de Perifcelide Equi-
tis ; maximo Pfincipis, omniumque bonorum
moerore (cum Li. annos coelebs vixiilet) xx.
Novemb. Anno Chrifti m.d.xci. in aedibus'
fuis Holburniae, pie fato fundi.
* He takes this ne for part of the name^
vjhich is only part of the epitaph^ hie Nic. tic
Baconem conditum exiftlma.
X This infcription may be feen litterally iti
Dugdale's St. Panrs.
Guliel.
HENTZNER's Travels. iq
as of moft others in England, with the adjoin-
ing fteeple, is covered v/ith lead.
On the right fide of the Choir is the mar-
ble tomb of Nicholas Bacon, with his wife.
Not far from this is a magrxificent monu-
ment, ornamented with pyramids of marble,
and alabafter, with this infcription :
Sacred to the Memory of
Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Son of William,
Grand fon of John, of the moft antient
Family of the Hattons ; one of the 50 Gen-
tlemen Penfioners to her Majefty Queen
Elizabeth ; Gentleman of the Privychamber ;
Captain of the Guards ; one of the privy
Council, and High Chancellor of England,
and of the Univerfity of Oxford : Who, to
the great grief of his Sovereign, and of all
good Men, ended this Life religioufly, after
having lived unmarried to the Age of 51, at
his Houfe in Holbourn, on the 20th of No-
yemberj A. D. 1591.
E 2 William
II HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Guliel. Hattonius Eques auratus, ejus c fo-
rore nepos, adoptione filius ac haeres moeftifs.
Pietatis ergo pofuit.
A finiflro latere epltaphium eft marmoreum
Guliel. Herbert!, Pembrochiae Comitis & con-
jugis ipfi.s; et juxta, tumulus loannis D.
Lancaftriae^ cum hac infcriptione :
Hie in Domino obdormi\ it loaniics Can-
davenlls, vulgo de Gant, a Gandavo P'landriae
Urbe loco natali ita denominatus, Edwardi
III. Regis Angliae filius quartus, a patre,
Comitis Richmondise titulo ornatus -, tres fibi
Uxorcs in matrimonium duxit ; Primam,
Blancheam, filiam & Haeredem Henrici Ducis
Lancaftri'rC, per quam amplifs. adiit haeredita-
tem, nee folum Dux Lancaftrine, (cd etiam
Leyceftriae, I^incolniae, & Derbiap, Comes ef-
fec^us, e cujus fobole, Imperatores, Reges,
Principes, & Proccres propagati funt plurimi.
Alteram habuit uxorcm Conftantiam, quae
kic cpntumulatur, hliam & hxrcdem Petri
Regis
•HENTZNER's Travels. ii
William Hatton, Knight, his Nephew by
the Sifter's fide, and by adoption his Son and
Heir, moft forrowfully raifed this tomb, a
mark of his duty.
On the left hand h the marble monument
6f William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, and
his Lady: And near it, that of John, Duke
of Lancafter, with this infcription :
Here fleeps in the Lord, John of Gant,
ib called from the city of the fame name in
Flanders, where he was born, fourth Son of
Edward IIL King of England, and created
by his Father, Earl of Richmond. He was
thrice married, firft to Blanch, Daughter and
Heirefs of Henry Duke of Lancafter ; by
her he received an immcnfe Inheritance,
and became not only Duke of Lancafter, but
Earl of Leicefter, Lincoln, and Derby, of
whofe Race are defccnded many Emperors,
Kings, Princes, and Nobles. His fecond
Wife v/as Conftancc, v/ho is here buried.
Daughter
12 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Regis Caftilise & Leglonis, cujus jure optimo
titulo Reo;is Caftiliae & Le^ionis ufus eft ;
haec unicam ei peperit filiam Catharinam, ex
qua ab Henrico Reges Hifpaniae funt progna-
ti. Tertiam vero duxit uxorem Catharinam,
ex Equeftri familia, & eximia pulchritudine
foeminam, ex qua numerofam fufcepit prolem,
unde genus ex matre duxit Henricus VII.
Angliae Rex prudentiflimus, cujus felicrflimo
conjugio cum Elifabetha EdvvardilV. Regis
filia, e ftirpe Eboracenfi, Regime illae Lancaf-
trenfium & Eboracenfiunni familiae ad exopta-
tiilimam Angliae pacem coaluerunt.
IllufLriilimus hie Prjnceps Iqannes cogno-
mento Plantagenet, Rex Caftiliae & Legionis,
Dux Lancaftriae, Comes Richmondiae, Leycef-
triae, Lincolniae & Derbiae, locum tenens
Aquitaniae, magnus Senefchallus Anglia^,
Obiit Anno Regni Regis Richardi Secundi
xxi. Annoquc Chrifti M.ccc.xc.vili.
Duae
HENTZNER^s Travels. 12
Daughter and Heirefs of Peter, King of
Caftile and Leon, in whofe right he moft
* juftly took the Stile of King of Caftile and
Leon. She brought him one only Daughter,
Catherine, of whom, by Henry, are defend-
ed the Kings of Spain. His third Wife was
Catherine, of a Knight's Family, a woman
of great Beauty, by whom he had a nume-
rous progeny ; from which is defcended by
the Mother's fide, Henry VIL the moft pru-
dent King of England, by whofe moft happy
Marriage with Elizabeth, Daughter of Ed-
ward IV. of the Line of York, the two Royal
Lines of Lancafter and York, are united, to
the moft defired Tranquillity of England.
The moft illuftrious Prince, John, firnamed
Plantagenet, King of Caftile and Leon, Duke
of Lancafter, Earl of Richmond, Leicefter^
aud Derby, Lieutenant of Aquitain, High-
Steward of England, died in the 21ft Year of
Richard IL A, D. 1398.
* This is not true^ for her legitimacy was
with good reafon contejled*
A little
13 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Duae poftea arculae faxeae, m concavo qiko-
dam loco, prope Chori fere introitum videntur,
additd tabella, cum hac infcriptione :
Hie jacet Seba Rex Orientalium Sax6-
num, qui converfus fuit ad fidem per S,
Erckenwaldum, Londinenfem Epifcopum,
AnnoChrifti dc.lxxvii.
Altera infcriptio eft talis :
Hic Jacet Etheldredus Anglorum Rex filiiis
Edgari Regis, cul in die coniecrationts fuae^
poft impofitam coronam fertur S. Dunftanus
Cantuar. Archiepifcopus dira pra^dixilTe his
verbis :
t *•' Quoniam adfpirafli ad regnum per
" mortem fratris tui, in cujus fanguine con-
*' fpiraverunt Angli, cum ignominiosa mat re
*' tua, non deficiet gladius de dome tua faevi-
*^ ens in te omnibus diebus vitae tuae, infi-
*^ cicns de femine tuo, quoufque regnum
** tuum transferatur in alrenum, cujus ritum
** & linguam gens, cui pr?tfides, non nov^r,
" nee
HENTZNER's Travels. 13
A little farther, almoft at the entrance of
the Choir, in a certiiin recefs, are two fniall
ftone chefts, one of which is thus infcribed :
Here lies Seba, King of the Eaft Saxons,
who was converted to the Faith by St. Er-
kenwald, Bilhop of London, A. D. 677.
On the other:
Here lies Ethelred, King of the Angles,
Son of King Edgar ; on whom St. Dunflari
is faid to have denounced vengeance, on his
coronation-day, in the following words :
f ^^ In as much, as thoii haft afpired td
'' the throne by the death of thy broth:?r,
^* againft whofe blood the Englifh, along
'^ with thy infamous mother, confpired; the
<' fword (hall not pafs from thy houfe ! but
*^ rage all the days of thy life, afflicling all
*' thy generation, till thy kingdom Ihall be
*' tranflated to another, whofe manner, and
" language, the people under thee, knoweth
F " not*
X4 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
'' nee expiabitur, nifi longa vindifta, pecca-
'' turn tuum, & peccatum matrls tuje, &
^^ peccatum virorum, qui infuere confilio
*' tuo nequam."
Qiiae, ficut a viro SaiiiSlo praedi£la erant,
evenerunt; nam Etheldrcdus variis pr^ellis,
per Suenonem Danorum regem, filiumque
fuum Canutum, fatigatus & fugatus, ac tan-
dem Londini ar6ta obfidione conclufus mifere
diem obiit, Anno Domino M.xvii. poftquam
annis xxxvi. in magna tribulatione regnaflet.
Monumentum poftea in medio tempi i ex
orichalco eft, cujufdam Epifcopi Londinenfis
Gulielmi, qui Edwardo regi Angliae familia-
ris, & paulo poft Gulielmi regis Angliae con-
filiarius fa6lus, fedit annos xvi. mortuus
Anno Chrifti m.lxxvii. Non longe videtuF
haec infcriptio :
Fivit fojl funera Virtus.
Et fub ifto haec ;
Thomjc Linacro, clarifs. Medico, Joannes
Cajus pofuit. M.DrLVii. M. Augufto* Poftea
talia
HENTZNER's Travels. 14
** not. Nor fhall thy fin be done away till
*' after long chartifement, nor the fin of thy
*' mother, nor the fin of thofe men, who
«' affifted in thy wicked council."
All which came to pafs, as predicted by
the Saint ; for after being worfted and put to
flight by Sueno king of the Danes, and his
fon Canute ; and at laft clofely befieged in
London, he died miferably A. D. 1017, after
he had reigned 36 years in great difficulties.
There is befides in the middle of the
church a tomb made of brafs, of fome
Bifhop of London, named William, who
was in favour with Edward king of England,
and afterwards was made counfellor to king
William. He was Bifhop 16 years, and died
A. D. 1077. Near this, is the following
infcription :
Virtue furvlves the FuneraU
To the Memory of
Thomas Linacre, an eminent Phyfician,
JC'hn Caius placed this Monument. On the
F 2t lower
\
JS HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
talis infcripticr, litcris aureis, in inferiori parte
pofita legitur :
Thomas Linacrus, Regis Henrici VIIL
MedJcus, Vir & Graecae & Latinae artis,
in re medica Ipnge eruditilTimus, multos aetate
fua langi^entes, & qui jam anirnum defpon-
derant, Vitae reftituit, multa Galeni opera,
in Latinam linguam, mira &fingulari facundia
yercit, egregjum opus de emendata ftruci:ura
Latiiii fermonis^ amicprum rpgatii, paulo
ante mortem edidit, Medlcinae ftuJiofis Oxo-
T\\d£ publicas lediones duas, Cantabrigae
unam in perpetuum ftabilivit; in hac Urbc
Collegium Medicorum fieri fua induRria cu*
ravit, ciijus & praefidens primus eledtus efi:,
fraudes dolofque mire perofus fiduique amicis,
omnibus Ordinibus juxta char us, aliquot
ahhos antequam obiret prefbyter faclus, ple«
nus annis ex hac vita migravlt, niultum defi-
dcratus, Anno Domhii m.d.xxiv. die xx.
D£tobris.
Sunt
HENTZNER's Travels. 15
lower part of it, is this infcription in gold
letter^ ;
Thomas Linacre, Phyfician to king Henry
VIII. a Man learned in the Greek and Latin
Languages, and particularly fkilful in Phyfick,
by which he reftored many from a State of
Janguifliment and defpair to Life. He tranf-
lated with extraordinary Eloquence many of
Galen's Works into Latin ; and publifhed,
a little before his Death, at the requcfl of
his Friends, a very valuable Book on the
corre/ft Stru61:ure of the Latin Tongue. He
founded in perpetuity in favour of Students
in Phyfick, two public LecSures at Oxford,
and one at Cambridge. In this City he
brought about by his own Induflry the efta-
blifhino; of a College of Phvficians, of which
he was elected the firft Prefident. He was
a detefler of all Fraud and Deceit, and faith-
ful in his Friendfhips ; equally dear to Men
of all Ranks : He went into Orders a few
Years before his Death, and quitted this Life
full of Years, and much lamented, A. D.
1524, on the 20th of October.
There
i6 HEMTZNERI Itinerarium.
Sunt & alia plura In hoc templo epitaphia
fed abfque infcriptionibus. Organum poftea
pneumaticum habet egregium, & horis vefper-
tinis, aliis adjundtis inflrunicntis^ exceliens
mufica auditur.
In fuburbio, OcciJcntem verfus, quod
continuatis a^dibus, & fuperbis fecundum
Thamefim procerum habitationibus. West-
MONASTF.RiUM oppidulum plus mill. pafs. ad-
jurtvSum ufbi addidit, Thorney olimafpinis,
nunc Westmunster ab occiduo fitu &
Monafterio dicSlium, templum ei\ inauguratione
fegum Angliae, & regia fepultura imprimis
infigne ; Apollinis delubrum eo loci extitiflc
dim fama eil, & Antonino Pio imperantc
terrae motu corruifle ; ex cujus reliquiis, Se-
bertus rex orientalium Saxonum alterum D,
Petro erexit, quod a Danis dcje6tum renova-
vit & pauculis Monachis Dunflanus Epifco-
pus conceilit. Sod poftea iEdvvardus rex,
cognomento Confeflbr, fibi in fepulturam &
Ecncdiftinis Monachis in monafterium, ex
dccimus
HENTZNER's Travels, i6
There are many tombs in this church,
but without any infcriptions. It has a very
fine Organ, which at evening prayer, accom-
panied with other inftruments, is delightful.
In the fuburb to the Weft, joined to the
city by a continued row of palaces belonging
to the chief nobility, of a mile in length, and
lying on the fide next the Thames, is the
fmall town of Westminster ; originally
called Thorney from it's thorn bufhes, but
now Westminster, from it's afpeft and
it's Monaftery. The church is remarkable
for the coronation, and the burial of the
kings of England. Upon this fpot is faid
formerly to have flood a temple of Apollo,
which was thrown down by an earthquake in
the time of Antoninus Pius ; from the ruins
of which Sebert king of the Eaft-Saxons
creeled another to St. Peter : This was fub-
verted by the Danes, and again renewed by
bifhop Dunftaii, who gave it to a few Monks.
Afterwards, king Edward the Confeflbr built
it
I'j HENTZNERI Itikerarium,
decimis cmnlum fuorum reddltuum de inte-
gro conftruxit, & patrimoniis tota Anglia dii-
perfis ditavit#
111 hoc tcmpio, notata drgna furit fe-*
quentia :
In primo Choro ell tumulus Annas Cllven-
fis uxoiis Henrici VIII. abfque infcriptionc.
Ex oppofito funt fepulchra duo lapidea :
I. Edmundi Comiti& Lancaftrise, fratris Ed-
wardi I. II. Adenaeri de Valentia, Comitis
Benbrochije, filii Gulielmi- de Vakntia^ His
adjunvSluin eft III. ex marmore aIbo> Ave-
lin-e Comitiffie Lancaftriae.
In fccundo Choro videtur fella, in qua re-
ges inaugurationis tempore fedent ; huic in-
clufus efie dicitur lapis Patriarchae Jacobi, fu-
pra quem dormiens recumbebat, cum haberet
fomnium de fcala ad coelum ufque pertin-
gente ; adjeftae tabellae hi verfus funt in-
fcripti :
Si"
HENTZNER's Travels. 17
it entirely new, with the tenth of his whole
revenue, to be the place of his own burial,
and a convent of Benedictine Monks; and
enriched it with eftates difperfed all over
England.
In this church, the following things are
worthy of notice :
In the firft Choir, the tomb of Anne of
Cleves, wife of Henry VIII. without any
infcription.
On the oppofite fide are two ftone fepul-
chres. I. Edward, Earl of Lancafter, bro-
ther of Edward I. 11. Ademar of Valence,
Earl of Pembroke, fon of Ademar of Valence.
Joining to thefe is a III. of Aveline Coun-
tcfs of Lancafter.
In the fecond Choir is the chair on which
the kings are feated, when they are crov/ned ;
in it is enclcfed a ftone, faid to be that on
which the Patriarch Jacob ficpt, when he
dreamed he (inv a ladder reaching quite up in-
G to
i8 HENTZNERI Itinerarium,
Si quid hatent veri, vel Chronica cana, fidefve,
Clauditur hac cathedra nobilis ecce lapis.
Ad caput eximius Jacob quondam Patriarcha
Quern pofuit, cernens numina mira poli.
Quern tulit ex Scottis fpolians quafi viilor
honoris
Edvvardus primus. Mars velut omnipotens.
Scottorum domitor nofter validiilimus Heftor,
Anglorum decus & gloria militiae.
Richardi II. monumentum cum uxore eX
orichalco deaurato, his verfibus in circuitu
fcrfptis :
Prudens & mundus Richardus jure Secundus
Per fatum villus jacet hie fub marmore picSusj
Verax fermone fuit & plenus ratione,
Corpore procerus, prudens animo ut Homerus,
Ecclefiae favit, elatos fuppeditavit,
Qucmvis proftravit, Regalia qui violavit.
ETctra
HENTZNER's Travels. i8
to heaven. The following verfes are vi^rltten
upon a tablet hanging near it ; the fenfe of
which is :
That if any Faith is to be given to ancient
Chronicles, a Stone of great Note is inclofed.
in this Chair, being the fame on which the
Patriarch Jacob repofed, when he beheld the
miraculous defcent of Angels. Edward I.
the Mars and Heftor of England, having
conquered Scotland, brought it from thence.
The tomb of Richard II. and his wife,
of brafs gilt, and thefe verfes written round it :
Perfect: and Prudent, Richard, by right the
Second,
Vanquifh'd by Fortune, lies here now
graven in Stone,
True of his Word, and thereto well refbund ;
Seemly in Perfon, and like to Homer, as one
In worldly Prudence, and ever the Church in one
Upheld and favour'd, cafting the proud to
Ground,
And all that would his Royal State confound.
Dart.
G Z Without
19 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Extra tumulum talis eft infcriptio :
Hie jacet immiti confumtus morte Richardus,
Anno 1369, Fuijfe felicem miferrimum.
Huic adjun£lus eft tumulus conjugis ipfius
Quas fuit filia Wenceflai Imperatoris.
Ad latus fmiftrum eft Edvvardi I. fepul-
chrum cum hac infcriptione :
Edwardus primus Scottorum malleus hie eft.
An. 1308. PaSfumferva, Regnavit An. 46,
Edvvardi III. monumcntum ex cupro deau-
rato cum hac infcriptione :
Hie deeus Anglorum, flos Regum praeteritorum,
Fbrma futurorum,Rex clemens^pax populorum,
Tertius Edwardus Regni complens jubi-
leum, &c.
Extra
" HENTZNER's Travels. 19
Without the tomb is this infcription :
Here lies King Richard, who perifhed by a
cruel Death, in the Year 1369.
To have been happy is additional Mifery.
Near him is the monument of his queen,
daughter oft he Emperor Wenceflaus.
On the left hand is the tomb of Edward I.
with this infcription :
Here lies Edward I. who humbled the Scots.
A. D. 1308. Be true to your Engagements.
He reigned 46 years.
The tomb of Edward III. of copper gilt,
with this epitaph ;
Of Englifh Kings here lycth the beauteous
Flower,
Of all before paft, and Myrror to them fhall
fue :
A merciful King, of peace Confervator,
The Third Edward, ^c.
Fid. Dart. 2. 44.
Befide
20 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Extra tumulum hoc legitur :
Tertius Edwardus fama fuper aethera notuj,:
Anno 1377. Pugna pro P atria.
Videtur ibidem gladius ipfius, quo Gallos do*
mafle &viciire dicitur, longitudine odo pedum,
Conjugis ejus Philippas Epitaphium eft tale;
Gonjunx Edvvardi jacet hie Regina Philippa.
Difce vivere. Anno 1469.
Henrici V. monumentum paululum hinc
eft remotum, cum infcriptione tali :
Gallorum maftrix jacet hie Henrieus in Urna.
Anno 1422. Do?nat omnia virtus.
Huic vieinum eft monumentum Catharinnp,
quae adhue infepulta jacet, ita ut arcula vel
urna a quolibet poffit aperiri, hac infcriptione
extcrius addita :
Pulchra virumq; fuum fociat tandem Catharina.
Anno 1437. Otiumfuge.
Henrici
HENTZNER's Travels, 20
Befide the tomb are thefe words :
Edward III. whofe Fame has reach'd to Heaven.
A. D. 1377. Pight for your Country,
' Here is Ihown his fword, eight feet in
length, which they fay he ufed in the con-
queft of France.
His queen's epitaph :
Here lies Queen Philippa, Wife of Edward HI.
Learn to Live, A. D. 1369.
At a little diftance, the tomb of Henry V.
with this legend :
Henry, the fcourge of France, lies in thisTomb,
Virtue fubdues all Things, A. D. 1422.
Near this lies the coffin of Catherine, un-
buried, and to be opened by any one that
pleafes. On the outfide is this infcription :
Fair Catherine is at length united to her Lord.
A, D. 1437. ^^^ Idlenefs.
The
21 HENTZNERI Itineraricm.
Henrici III. epitaphium ex lere deaurato
cum hac infcriptione ;
Tertlus Henricus eftTempli conditor hujus.
Anno 1273.
Duke helium inexpertis.
Hie Henricus poft 160. annos, hanc Ed-r
wardi fabricam fubvertit, novamque ecclefiam
fpeciosa ftrudlura, multiplici marmorearum
columnarum ordine, tefto laminis plumbels
conveftito, quinquaginta annorum opere ex-
aedificavit, quam Abbates ad occafum pluri-
;nuni auxerunt. Expulfis poftea Monachis,
ad varias fubinde vices revoluta fuit ; primum
Decanum habuit & Praebendarios, mox Eplf-
copum, qui patrimonio dilapidate) ceilit, &
Decano reliquit 5 ftatim Monachi, cum fud
Abbate, a Maria regina redu6ti, quibus paulo
poft authoritate Parlamentaria eje^lis in col-
Icgiatam ecclefiam, imo ecclefiae plantarium
convertit
HENTZNER's Travels. aj
The tomb of Henry III. of brafs gilt, with
this epitaph :
Henry III. the Founder of this Cathedral.
A. D. 1273.
Tf^ar is delightful to the unexperienced*
It was this Henry, who 160 years after
Edward the ConfelFor had built this church,
took it down, and raifed an entire new one of
beautiful architeJlure, fupported by rows of
marble columns, and it's roof covered with
fheets of lead, a work ©f 50 years before it's
completion. It has been much enlarged at the
Weft end by the Abbots. After the expul-
fion of the Monks, it experienced many
changes ; firft it had a Dean and Prebendaries ;
then a Bifhop, who having fquandered the re-
venues, refigned it again to a Dean. In a
little time, the Monks with their Abbot were
reinftated by queen Mary; but they being
foon ejedled again by authority of Parlia-
ment, it was converted into a Cathedial
Church 3 nay, intaa feminary for the Church,
H by
22 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
convertit fereniHima Jiv^a Elifabetha, Praeben-
darios inftitult duodecim, tot emeritos milites,
fcolafticos quadraglnta (alumni regii dicuntur)
qui fuo tempore ad Academias promoventur,
& in Ecclefiam & Rempubllcam transferuntur,
Videtur poftea tumulus Aleonorae filiae Al-
phonfi regis Hifpaniae, conjugis Edvvardi I.
regis Angliae cum hac infcriptione :
Confors Edwardi Primi fuit haec Aleonora,
Anno 1298. Difce inoru
Elifabethae filiae Henrici VII. regis Angliae
epitaphium.
In medio Chori hujus fepultus eft S. Edvvar-
dus, qui fuit ultimus rex Saxonum. Monu-
mentum eft ex marmore Mofaici operis, hac^
in circuitu aureis Uteris, infcriptione addita:
Omnibus infignis Virtutum laudibus Heros
Sandus Edward us Confeffor, rex venefaTrdus.
Quinto die Jani moriens 1 065,
Super sethera fcandit.
Surfum Corda,
Tertlum
HENTZNER's Travels. 2i
by queen Elizabeth, who inftituted there 12
Prebendaries, an equal number of invalid
Soldiers, and 40 Scholars; who at a proper
time are elected into the Univerfities, and
are thence tranfplanted into the Church and
State.
Next to be {^cn is the tomb of Eleanor,
daughter of Alphonfo king of Spain, and
wife of Edward I. w^ith this infcription :
This Eleanor was Confort of Edward I.
A. D. 1298* Learn to die.
The tomb of Elizabeth, daughter of
Heniy VII.
In the middle of this Chapel is the Shrine
of St. Edward, the laft king of the Saxons. ' It
is compofed of marbles in Mofaic ; round it
runs this infcription in letters of gold :
The venerable King, St. Edward the Confeflbr,
A Hero adorned with every Virtue.
jfle died on the fifth of January, 1065,
And mounted into Heaven.
Lift up your Hearts,
{J« The
23 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Tcrtium Chorum, admirandi fplendoris &
elegantiae, Henricus VII. Angliae rex, in fuam
& fuae pofteritatis fepulturam, ad ortum adje-
cit, in quo fepulchrum ipfius magnificent iili-
mum, ex aere Sc marmore fabrefactum cerni-
tur cum infcriptione tali ;
Hie jacct Henricus hujus nominis VII. An-
glian quondam Rex, Edmundi Richemundiae
Comitis filius, qui die xxii, Aug. Rex
creatus, ftatim poft apud Weftrnonaflerium
XXX. 06lobr. coronatur. Anno Domini
M.cccc.LXXXV. Moritur deinde xxi. April.
Anno JEt. liii. Regnavit annos xxii. Men-
fes VIII. minus uno die.
Monumentum clathris ex orichalco circum-
datum eft.
Fide Dart, p. 157. vol. i.
Sub eodem tumulo fepultus jacet Edvvar-
dus VI. Angliae Rex, Henrici VIII. ex loan-
na Semeria filius, qui poftea fiicceflit patri,
natus annos novem. Obi i t A nno iM . d . l 1 1 1 . v 1 .
Julii
HENTZNER's Travels, 23
The third Choir, of furprlzing fplendor and
elegance, was added to the Eaft end by Henry
VII. for a burying place for himfelf and his
pofterity. Here is to be feen his magnificent
tomb, wrought of brafs and marble, with
this epitaph :
Here lies Henry VII. of that Name, for-
merly King of England, Son of Edmund
Earl of Richmond, who afcending the Throne
on the 2 2d Day of Auguft, was crowned on
the 30th of OcSlober following at Weftmin-
jfter, in the Year of our Lord 1485. He died
on the 2ift of April, in the 53d Year of his
Age, after a Reign of 22 Years, and 8
Months, wanting a Day.
This monument is inclofed.with rails of
brafs, with a long epitaph in Latin verfe.
Under the fame tomb lies buried Edward
VI. King of England, Son of Henry VIII.
by Jane Seymour. He fucceeded to his
Fatlier when he was but 9 years old, and died
A. D. I553> on the 6th of July, in the i6th
year
24 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
JuliiiEt. XVI. Regni vii. non abfque veneni
fufpicione.
Maria falutatur regina Anglian a populo,
XIX. Julii anno poftea m.d.lviii. moritur
Maria xvii. Novembris, in eodem Choro, in
quod am angulo fepulta jacet, abfque infcrip-
tione tamen.
Regina Elifabetha.
Hie jacet Regina Elifabetha, Edvvardi IV.
quondam Regis lilia ; Edwardi V. quondam
Regis nominata foror ; Henrici VIL olim
conjunx, & quse Henrici VIII. Regis mater
inclyta. Obiit diem fuum in Turri Londi-
nenfi, die xi. Febr. Anno Domini 1502.
xxxvii. An. JEt2.t,
Intra fecundum & tertium Chorum, in fa^
cellis lateralibus, haec epitaphia leguntur :
Seberti Regis Orientalium Saxonum, fun-
datoris tempi i, ex faxo.
Margarethae Ritfchmundias Septimi Hen-
rici matri, Oftavi avia?, quae ftipendia con-
ftituit»
HENTZNER's Travels. 24
year of his age, and of his reign the 7th, not
without fufpicion of poifon.
Mary was proclaimed Qi^ieen by the People,
on the 19th of July, and died in November,
1558, and is, buried in fome corner of the
fame Choir, without any infcription.
Queen Elizabeth.
Here lies Queen Elizabeth, Daughter of
Edward IV. Sifter of King Edward V.
Wife of Henry VII. and the glorious Mother
of Henry VIII. She died in the Tower of
London, on the nth of February, A. D«
1502, in the 37th Year of her Age.
Between the fecond and third Choirs, la
the fide Chapels, are the tombs of Sebert
King of the Eaft-Saxons, who built this
Church with ftone : And
Of Margaret of Richmond, Mother of
Henry VII. Grandmother of Henry VIII.
She gare this Monaftery to the Monks of
Winbournc,
25 HENTZNERI Itikerarium.
ftitult, tribiilt hoc Ccenobium Monachis,
& Doctorlbus Grammatices, apud Werbrun,
perque Angliam totam divini verbi prccconi-
bus ; duobus item interpretibus literarum
facrarum, alteri Oxoniis, altcri Cantabriglse,
ubi & Collegia dua Chrifto & Joanni difci-
pulo ejus ftruxit. Moritur Anno Domim
M.cccc.Lxiii. Cal. Julii.
Margaretha Comitifla Levenofciae, avia
Jacobi VL Regis Scottorum.
Wilhelmus de Valentia, frater uterinum
Henrici III.
Comes Cornubiae frater regis Edward i III,
In tumulu quodam talis infcriptio legitur :
In Clariflimae Dominac Francifcae SufFolciae
quondam Duciflae Epicedion,
Nil
HENTZNER's Travels. 25
* Winbourne, who preached and taught
Grammar all England over, and appointed
Salaries to tv/o ProfefTors of Divinity, one at
Oxford, another at Cambridge, v/here (he
fo\jhded tv/o Colleges, to Chriii, and to John
his Difciple. She died A. D. 1463, on the
3d of the Calends of July.
And of Margaret Countefs of Lenox,
Grandmother of James VI. King of Scotland.
William of Valence, half brother of Henry
III.
The Earl of Cornwall, brother of Ed-
ward III.
Upon ai^.other tomb is an honorarv infcrip-
tion for Frances, Dutchefs of Suftblk ; I'he
i€n(e of it is,
* Tbis IS amljlakc : Her epitaph fays ^ flip'^n-
dia conftituit tribus hoc csenobio Monachis &
DoSori Grammatices apud Vv"^ynbourne.
I That
26 HENTZNERI Itinerarium,
Nil decus aut fplendor, nil regia nominsi
profuiit,
Splendida divitiis, nil juvat ampla domus ;
Omnia fluxerunt, virtutis Tola remanfit
Gloria, tartareis non abolcnda rogis.
NuptaDuci prius eft, uxor poft arma gercntis,
Funere nunc Stoki confociata Df.o.
In confpeftu deinde eft epitaphium Domini
Ruffel filii Comitis Bcthfordiae, cujus uxor hos
Latinos & Graecos verfus compofuit, & in
marmor incidi curavit.
Mens mea crudcli laniatur faucia morfu.
Cum fubit oblata? Mortis Imago tuse.
Hseres Vere novo Comitis tu Floris ad inftar,
Uique cadens miferas meque meafque facis.
Quippe Decor, Vultus, Linguae, Morefque
probati.
Turn Do&ina peril, fed viget alma Fides.
HENTZNER's Travels. 26
That Titles, Royal Birth, riches, or a large
Family, arc of no avail ;
That all are Tranfitory ; Virtue alone reflift-
ing the Funeral Pile.
That this Ivady was firfl: married to a Duke,
then to Stoke, a Gentleman ;
And laftly, by the Grave efpoufed to Christ.
The next is the tomb of Lord Ruflcl, Son
of the Earl of Bedford, wfiofe Lady com-
pofed the follow^ing Greek, and Latin Verfes,
and had them engraved on the Marble.
How was I ftartled at the cruel Feaft,
By Death's rude Hands in horrid manner dreft ;
Such Grief as fure no haplefs Woman knew.
When thy pale Image lay before my View.
Thy Father's Heir in -beatuous Form array'd.
Like Flowers in Spring, and fair, like them
to fade ;
Leaving behind unhappy wretched me.
And all thy little Orphan-Progeny :
Alike the beauteous Face, the comely Air,
The Tongue perfwafive, and the A6lions fair.
Decay : So Learning too in Time fhall wafte i
But Faith, chafle lovely Faitb, fhall ever lafl*
I 2 The
27 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Kvp "^vx^^ yXvav ri^TTpov ifxrtq omels (fanvovf
^Bv fj^v o1 ^v^ou •xjri^fiy zs^oci T6 St^yol^i?,
'Ev<T£^kri^ Evexa 'oroXvv o}^ov enuvoi; Iwaypy,
Ov^ctvie ^slop(iii crvfyivsa^ xsc^.tuif.
Anna Comltiffa Oxon. filia Gulielmi Caeci-
lii, Baronis de Burgthley, Thefaararii regis.
Phillppa filia, & cohseres Joannis Domini
Mohun de Dunftcr, uxor EdwardiDucis Ebo*
racenfis. Anno Domini 1434*
Francifca ComitifTa de Suflex, ex antiqua
Scidneiorum familia oriunda.
Thomas Bromley Cancellarius reginae Eli-
fabcthae.
Comes
HENTZNER's Travels.
27
The once bright Glory of his Houie, the Pride
Of all his Country, dufty Ruins hide :
Mourn, haplefs Orphans, mourn, once happy
Wife,
For when he dy'd, dy'd all the Joys of Life.
Pious and jufl, amidfl a large Eftate,
He got at once the Name of Good and Great.
He made no flatt'ring Parafite his Gueft,
But afk'd the good Companions to the Feaft.
Anne Countefs of Oxford, Daughter of
V/illiam Cecil, Baron Burleigh, and Lord
Trcafurer,
Philippa, Daughter and Coheirefs of John
Lord Mohun of Dunftcr, Wife of Edward
Duke of York.
Frances Countefs of Suflex, of the antient
Family of Sidney.
Thomas Bromley, Chancellor to Qiiccn
Elizabeth*
The
28 HENTZNERI Itinf.rarium.
Comes de Erizevvater, Dom, Dabne, Ca-
merarius KenricI Septimi, cum uxore.
Et hue ufque ^^ Westmonasterio.
Sunt h alia templa in hac urbe plurima,
{c6^ propter fepulturas, 5: illuftrium moiiurnen-
ta, non it.i celebria,
Cetemm {\xh hoc Westmunster-Hall
five Pr.Ttorium eft, in. quo praeter comitia
Parlamcntaria, quae ibi fepiilime habentur,
fora judiciaria com1"ituuntur, & ftatis tempo-
ribvrs cauffie cognoicuntur, ciim Juris turn
patrimonii regii, & etiam Cancellarias, qua-
ex nequo h bono fummum Jus moderatur^
cum ante Hcnrici L tempora, primae Juflitis:
forum vagum effet, aulamque regiam comita-
rctur. Verum ille, ut m Charta Magna
Iiabetur, legem tulit in ha^c verba ; Cc?mnuma
fjJcrcita noji fequaniur Curiam nojiram^ fed tenc-
(iniur in aliqito ccrto loco. Hoc qwod nunc eft,
Prxtorium,
HENTZNER's Travels. 28
* The Earl of Brlclgcwatcr, Lord Dawb-
ney, Lord Chamberlain to Henry VIL and
his Lady.
And thus much for WEsrMiKsrv.R^
There are many other Churches in this
city, but none To remarkable for the tombs of
perfons of diftinition.
Near to this church is Westminster-
Hall, where befides the Seflions of Parlia-
ment, which are often held there, are the
Courts of Juftice ; and at ftated times are
heard there trials in Law, or concerning the
King's patrimony ; or in Chancery, which
moderates the feverity of the common Law
by Equity. Till the time of Henry L the
prime court of Juftice was moveable, and fol-
lowed the King's court, but he ena6led by the
Magna Charta, That the Common Pleas JJjould
no longer attend his Courts but he held at form
determined Place. The prefent hall was built
* Sir Giles Dawbney^ ht was not earl of
Bridgetvater^ nor a lord*
29 FIENTZNERI IriNERARidM.
Prstorium, Richardus JL Anojia? rex, diruto
vctuitiori extruxit, fureque habitationi dlcavit
(tunc enim reges ipfi caufiiis audiebant Pala-'
tiumqiie ab Edvvardi Confcflbris tempore ad-
jiindbam habuerunt) quo ante fexagHita annos
igne abilimto, Henricus VilL fedem regi-im,
ad aedes vicinas non ita pHdem Gardiiialis
Wolfrci tranftulit, quas Whitehall vuk'b
vocant, id eft, aula alba. Domus hnec eft
vere regia, hinc -vivario, quod & alteram re-
giam conjungit S. James diciam, iilinc Ta-
iiiifi ccncliiCa.
In Camera, ubi Parlamcntum congregari
& haberi folet, fdia: ilf parietcs ex Ugno Hy-
hernico fabrlcati llint, quod occulta hac qua-
litatc pradituni effe dicitur, ut kl omnia anl-
malta venenata fugiant, vcl potlus, quod lig-
num iftud cuncSta venenata ablgat, h occulta
quadam vi, a fe longe repellat. Et enim pro
certo afHrmatur, nullos ferpentes, nullos a-
raneos, nullaque alia venenata, per totam
Hybcrniam reperiri animalia.
Prope
HENTZNER's Travels. 25
by king Richard II. in the place of an ancient
one which he caufed to be taken down. He
made it part of his habitation, (for at that
time the kings of England determined caufes
in their own proper Perfon, and from the
days of Edward the ConfefTor, had their pa-
lace adjoining) till above 60 years fmce, upon
it's being burnt, Henry VIII. removed the
royal refidence to Whitehall, fituated In
the neighbourhood, which a little before was
the houfe of Cardinal Wolfey : This palace
is truly Royal ; inclofed on one fide by the
Thames, on the other by a Park, which con-
ne6ls it with St. James's, another royal
palace.
In the Chamber where the Parliament is
ufually held, the feats and wainfcot are made
- of wood, the growth of Ireland; faid to have
that occult quality, that all poifonous animals
are driven away by it : And it is affirmed for
certain, that in Ireland there are neither
ferpents, toads, nor any other venomous crea-
ture to be found.
K Near
30 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Prope has regias sedes Cygni confpiciun-
tur plurimi, & fere innumerabiles, qui hinc.
inde furfum & deorfum, per aliquot milliaria,
in Thamefi fluvio libere vagantur; nemirii
enim hos turbare, multo minus occidere, fine
grand! muldta, licet.
In aula alba, Withehall vulgo nuncu-
pata, vifu digna funt fequentia :
I. Bibliotheca Reginae, Graecis, Latinls,
Italicis & Gallicis libris referta, inter quos li-
bellus erat Gallicus, propria reginae Angli^e
Ellfabethae adhuc viventis manu in mem-
brana fcriptus, & Henrico VIII. Angliae regi
parenti fie dedicatus :
A Trejhaut ^ Trefpuijfant & Redoubt} Prince
Henry VIII* de ce nom^ Roy d' Angleterre^ de
France^ ^ d' Irelande^ defenfeur de la foy :
Elijah eth fa Treshumhle fille rend
Sahit y Oheditnci.
Omnes
HENTZNER's Travels. 30
Near this palace are fcQn an immenfe num-
ber of Swans, who wander up and down the
river for fome miles, in great fecurity ; no
body daring to moleft, much lefs kill any of
them, under penalty of a confiderable fine.
In Whitehall are the following things
worthy of obfervation :
I. The Royal Library, well ftored with
Greek, Latin, Italian and French books :
Amongft the reft, a little one in French,
upon parchment, in the hand writing of the
prefent reigning queen Elizabeth, thus in-
fcribed :
To the mojl High^ PuiJJant^ and redoubted
Prince^ Henry VIIL of the Name^ King of
England^ France and Ireland^ Defender of
the Faith :
Elizabeth^ his mojl humble Daughter y
Health and Obedience,
K % All
31 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Omnes ifti libri, holoferico varii & diverfi
colons, potiflimum tamen rubri, laminis &
claufuris argenteis ac aureis, margaritis item,
aliifque gemmis preciofis ornati, atque veftiti
erant.
II. Ciftae duae five arculae argenteae magna
arte elaboratae, in quas regina papyrum repo-
ncrc, & iis ceu atramentariis, uti folet.
III. l^horus reginae ex ligno verficolore arr
tificiofiflime compofitus, tegumentis fericis,
holofericis, aureis & argenteis acu pidtis ditiili-
m^ inftratus.
IV. Cifta, margaritis undique exornata, in
quam armillas inaures & id genus alias res pre-
ciofiores, regina reponere folet.
V. PafTio Chrifti, in vitreis tabellis adum-
brata.
VI. ViSiutXj inter quas vera reginas Elifa-
bethae imago, cum xvi. annos nata effet;
Henrici,
HENTZNER's Travels. 31
All thefe books are bound in velvet of dif-
ferent colours, though chiefly red, with clafps
of gold and fdver; fome have pearls, and
precious flones, fet in their bindings.
II. Two little filver cabinets of exquifite
work, in which the Queen keeps her paper,
and which fhe ufes for writing boxes.
III. The Queen's bed, ingenioufly com-
pofed of woods of difFerent colours, with
quilts of filk, velvet, gold, filver, and em-
broidery.
IV. A little cheft ornamented all over with
pearls, in which the Queen keeps her bracelets,
ear-rings, and other things of extraordinary
value.
V. Chrift's paflion, in painted glafs.
VI. Portraits : Among which are queen
Elizabeth at 16 years old, Henry, Richard,
Edward,
32 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Henrici, Richardi, Edvvardi, Angliae regum ;
Rofimundae Anglae, & * Lucretiae Grascae fponfae
in habitu nuptiali, & aliarum ; in tabella qua-
dam Angliae regum genealogia ; Edvvardi VL
Angliae regis efRgies, primo intuitu monftro-
fum quid repraefentans, fed fi quis per foramen
operculi vel tabellae, qua pi6tura tegitur, eiH-
giem re6i:a iiitueatur, tum vera depraehenditur ;
ingeniofum artificis inventum ; Caroli V. Rom.
Imperatoris ; Caroli Emanuelis Sabaudia^ Du-
cis, & Catharinae Hifpaniae conjugis ipfius ;
Ferdinandi Florentiae Ducis cum filiabus ;
Philippi regis Hifpaniae, cum veniret in Ang-
Jiam, 5c matrimonio fibi jungeret Mariam
Angliae reginam ; Henrici VII. Hehrici VIII.
matris ejufdem, item aliorum, aliarumque il-
luftrium imagines quam plurimae ; picSlura ob-
fidionis infulae Melites, five Malthas.
VIT. JEdlcuh cujufdam Eremitae, elegan-
tifTime ex ligno fculpta, inter faxa quafi delite-
fcentis.
VIII. Emblemata varia papyracea, clypei
forma m habentia, quibus^ adje\Sis fymbolis
* This ynujl he a blunder,
Nobiles
HENTZNER's Travels. 32
Edward, kings of England ; Rofamond ;
Lucrece, a Grecian bride, in her nuptial habit ;
the genealogy of the kings of England ; a
picture of king Edward VI. reprefenting at
firft fight fomething quite deformed, till by
looking through a fmall hole in the cover,
which is put over it, you fee it in it's true
proportions ; Charles V. Emperor ; Charles
Emanuel Duke of Savoy, and Catherine of
Spain, his wife ; Ferdinand Duke of Flo-
rence, with his daughters ; one , of Philip
king of Spain, when he came into England
and married Mary ; Henry VII. Henry VIII.
and his mother : Befides many more of illuf-
trious men and women ; and a picture of the
fiege of Malta*
VIL A fmall Hermitage, half hid in a rock,
finely carved in wood.
VIIL Variety of emblems, on paper, cut
in the fhape of fhields, with mottoes, ufed
by the nobility at tilts and tournaments, hung
up here for a memorial.
IX.
33 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Nobiles in exercitiis equeftribus & gladiatoriis
uti funt foliti, hie memoriae caufsa fufpenfa.
IX. Varia inftrumenta mufica, & inter ea
unum, in quo duo fimul & una vice ludere
pofTunt.
X. Machina horaria, in qua Rhinoceros
cum ^thiope ei infidente confpicitur, quatuor
aliis veluti miniftris ad latera aftantibus, rcgem-
que portantibus, ac ad noire fonitum capita
infleftentibus ; haec omnia moventur ubi rotae
intenduntur.
Porro in adjuncfti huic. Aulae Vivarii introi-
tu, talis legitur infcriptio :
ISfiis pifcator tandem faptt^
Sed infelix A5iccon fcmpcr praceps.
Cajia Virgo facile miferetur ;
Sed potens Dea fcelus ulcifciUir,
Prada cantbus^ exemplum JuvenibuSj
fiiis dedecus^ peredt ASiaon,
Cura co?lit!buSy chara mortalihus^ Juts fecuritds^
Vivat Diana,
In
HENTZNER's Travels. 33
IX. Different inftruments of mufic, upon
one of which two perfons may perform at
the fame time.
X. A piece of clock-work, an ^thiop
riding upon a Rhinoceros, with four atten-
dants, who all make their obeifance, when it
ftrikes the hour ; thefe are all put into motion
by winding up the machine.
At the entrance into the Park from White-
hall is this infcription ;
* The Fijherman who has been wounded^ learns
though late to beware ;
But the unfortunate ASieson always preffes on^
The chafte Virgin naturally pitied:
But the powerful Goddefs revenged the wrongs
Let A^lteon fall a prey to his DogSy
An Example to Touth^
A difgrace to thofe that belong to him !
May Diana live the care of Heaven ;
The delight of Mortals ;
The fecurity of thofe that belong to Her !
* This romantic infcription probably alluded
to Philip II. who woed the Queen after her
fifter's death ; and to the deftrudion of his
Armada. L lu
34 HENTZNERI Itinerarii;m.
In vivario videntur damae, magno numero.
In alio quodam horto, hulc arci contiguo,
eft fons falientis aqu.e, cum horologio folari,
quod dum peregre advenientes contemplantur,
aqua ex fiftulis copiose erumpit, & circum-
ftantes largiflime afpergit, hortulano a longin-
quo rotam quandam circumagente, qua aqua
ifta propellitur.
Domus Senatoria vel publica quae GuiL-
THAL vulgo vocatur, a Thoma Knovvles pul-
cherrime conftruvSa eft, in qua duorum Gy-
gantum ftatuae videntur, qui Anglis auxilio
fuIlTe dicuntur, cum Roman! eos bello perfe-
querentur ; iftorum nomina funt, Corinius
Britannus, Goemagott Albionus. Subeft in
tabula quadam titulus Caroli V, Imperatoris,
aurejs Uteris fcriptus.
Status Relpublicae in hac urbe eft talis ;
urbs ipfa in xxv. reglones feuTribus divifa eft ;
^ronciliumque reipub. penes xxiv. fenes confti-
tutum, qui ab astate, lingua vulgari Alterman»
id eft, fenatores appellantur^ quorum finguli
fingulis
HENTZNER's Travels. 34
In this Park is great plenty of Deer.
In a garden joining to this palace, there is
a Jet d'eau, with a fun-dial, which while
ftrangers are looking at, a quantity of water,
forced by a wheel, which the gardiner turns
at a diftance, through a number of little pipes,
plentifully fprinkles thofe that are ftanding
round.
Guild-Hall, a fine ftrufture, built by
Thomas Knowles : Here are to be ken the
ftatues of two Giants, faid to have aflifted
the Englifti when the Romans made war
upon them ; Corinius of Britain, and Gog-
magog of Albion, Beneath upon a table the
titles of Charles V. Emperor are written in
letters of gold.
The government of London is this : The
city is divided into 25 Regions, or Wards ;
the council is compofed of 24 Aldermen, one
of which prefides over every Ward. And
whereas of old, the chief magiftrate, was a
Portreve, /. e. Governor of the city : Richard I.
appointed two Bailiffs 5 inftead of which,
h % king
2S HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
fingulis Tribubus praefunt ; et cum antiquitus
pro fummo Magiftratu Porgreve, id eft, urbis
praefedum habuiflcnt, duos Ballivos Rich-
ard us I. inftituit, pro qui bus Joannes rex, ut
Majorem five Praetorem annuum Magiftratum,
fuis fufFragiis e XII. primariis corporibus eli-
gerent voluit, duofque Vicecomites, Schirifs
vulgo nuncupatos, quorum alter regius, ur-
banus alter dicitur, nominarent. Atqye hac
Reip. forma conftituta, incredibile eft, quan-
tum publicis privatifque operibus ha^^enus urbs
haec creverit. GulieL Carnhden In Britannia
fub tit, Midlefex.
Ceterum notatu dignum hlc eft, quod Ma-
jor five Praetor hujus loci quotannis die Bar-
tholomasi Apoftoli, quo nundinrc & encct^nia
habentur, cam xii. primariis fejiatoribus^ in
campum vicinum folet exfpatiari, toga purpu-
rea ami6lus, & catena aurea cui appenfa finit
infignia in formam aurei Vclleris, cin<Sus,
ornatus infijper infigni Perifcelidis ordinis or-
namento, quo quilibct in hac dignitatc con-
ftitutus dccor^tur k to to Magiftratus annui
tempore
HENTZNER's Travels. 35
king John gave a power by grant, of chufing
annually a Mayor, from any of the twelve
principal Companies, and to name two
Sheriffs, one of which to be called the
King's, the other, the City's. It is fcarce
credible how this city encreafed, both in pub-
lic and private buildings, upon eftablifhing
this form of government. Vide Camhdcris
Britan, Middlefex.
It is worthy of obfervation, that every year
upon St. Bartholemew's day, when the Eair
is held, it is ufual for the Mayor, attended by
the 12 principal Aldermen, to walk in a neigh-
bouring field, dreffed in his fcarlet gown, and
about his neck a golden chain, to which is
hung a * Golden Fleece, and befides, that
t particular ornament, which diftinguifhes the
moft noble Order of the Garter. During
the year of his Magiftracy, he is obliged to
live fo magnificently, that Foreigner or Na^
* This probably alluded to the woollen inanvfac-
ture j Stow 7nentions his riding through the Cloth
Fair^ on the Eve of St. Bartholemew^ p. 65 1 .
t The Collar of SS, tive,
36 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
tempore ita magnificum fe exhibere cogitur,
ut quibufvis & incolis & peregrinis, ad men-
fam ejus, variis epulis inftru6lifrimam, modo
vacet locus, abfque ulla impensa accedere
quotidie liberum fit. Exeunti extra urbem
praefertur fceptrum, gladlus & pileus ; fe-
quuntur primarii Senatores, omnes equltes,
licut & ipfe Major, rubris togis veftiti, & ca-
tenis aureis cinfti ; ubi ad locum deftinatum,
& tentorium ibidem ereftum, ventum eft, qui-
dam ex plebe prodeunt & luftando bini ac
bini fe exercent ; vi^tores a Magiftratu prae-
mia acclpiunt ; dimittuntur poftea in circum-
fufam & promifcuam multitudinem cuni-
culi vivi, quos pueri magno clamore infeftan-
tur. Huic fpeftaculo cum intereflemus, qui-
dam forte ex noftro com ita tu, Thobias Salan-
der nomine, medicinae Do(3or, crumenam cum
IX. coronatis folaribus amifit, quam procul
dubio lateri ejus femper adhaerens Anglus ita
ingeniose fubtraxerat, ut Salander ne mini-
mum quidem perfentifcerct.
Aix
HENTZNER's Travels. 36
tive, without any expence, is free, if he can
find a chair empty, to dine at his table,
where there is always the greateft plenty.
When the Mayor goes out of the precin6ts
of the city, a fcepter, a fword, and a cap,
are born before him, and he is followed by
the principal Aldermen in fcarlet gowns,
with gold chains ; himfelf and they on horfe-
back : Upon their arrival at a place appoint-
ed for that purpofe, where a tent is pitched,
the mob begin to wreftle before them, two at
a time ; the conquerors receive rewards from
the Magiftrates. After this is over, a parcel
of live Rabits are turned loofe among the
crowd, which are purfued by a number of
boys, who endeavour to catch them, with
all the noife they can make. While we were
at this fhew, one of our company, Thobias
Salander, Dodor of Phyfic, had his pocket
picked of his purfe, with nine crowns du foleil,
which without doubt was fo cleverly taken
from him, by an Englifhman who always,
kept very clofe to him, that the Doctor did not
in the leaft perceive it.
The
2^ HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Arx five TuRRis LoNDiNENSis, Britan-
nice ab albedine Bringwin & Tourgwin,
apellata, fofsa admodum profunda & lata, ac
muro duplici & alto probe cincSta eft, in hujus
centro, Turris ilia antiquiflima & fortiflima,
quatuor aliis turribus inclufa, & a Julio
Caefare quorundam opinione condita, cerni-
tur. Hanc arcem cum ingrederemur, glaJil
ad portam deponendi, & fatellitibus tradendi
eraiit. Poftea a quodam introduvSli, mon-
ftrabantur nobis tapetia regia ultra centum,
a urea, argentea, & ferica \ fellae regiae ho-
loferico varii coloris coopertae, magnus lecSlif-
terniorum apparatus, veluti conopcea, & id
genus alia margaritis ditiflime exornata, turn
veftimenta regia magnificentifHma, quae omnia
propter impenfas maximas facile quemvis in
fui admirationem trahere poterant. Inde in
Armamentarium ducli ; in quo hsec peculia-
ria ; haftae ex quibus ejaculatur ; hafta^ alias
multae, & fplendidx, quas partifan vulgo ap-
pellant, & quibus ad defenfionem regii cor-
poris in bello fatellites utuntur ; lanceae holo-
ferico
HENTZNER's Travels. 37
The Castle, or Tower of London,
called Bringwin, and Tourgwin, in
Welch, from it's whitenefs, is encompafTed
by a very deep and broad ditch, as well as a
double wall very high. In the middle of the
whole is that very antient and very ftrong
Tower, enclofed with four others, which in
the opinion of fome, was built by Julius
Caefar. Upon entering the Tower, we were
obliged to quit our fwords at the gate, and
deliver them to the guard. V/hen we were
introduced, w^e were fhewn above a hundred
pieces of arras belonging to the crown, made
of gold, filver, and filk ; feveral faddles cover-
ed with velvet of different colours ; an im-
menfe quantity of bed-furniture, fuch as cano-
pies, and the like, fome of them moft richly
ornamented with pearl ; fome royal drefles,
fo extremely magnificent, as to raife any one's
admiration at the fums they muft have cofl*.
We were next led into the Armoury, in which
are thefe particularities : Spears, out of which
you may fhoot ; fhields, that will give fire four
times ; a great many rich halberds, coihmon-
M ly
I
38 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
ferico rubro, & viridi teniae, cum Henrici
VIII. Anglise regis armatura ; arma multa^
ac egregia, tarn pro viris, quam pro equis in
equefiri pugna ; lancea Caroli Brandeii Suffol-
ciae, quae trcs fpithamos crafTa erat ; tormenta
duo, ex quorum altero tres, ex altero feptem
globi pofTunt explodi ; duo tormenta lignea
magnitudinis immenfae, quibus Angli in op-
pugnatione Boloniae, Gallise oppidi, aliquan-
do funt ufi ; quo ftratagemate, cum alias im-
poflibile fuiflet, cum ejufcemodi tormentis ap-
propinquare ad oppidum, Bolonienfes territi,
fefe Tub certis conditionibus dediderunt ; xix,
tormenta crafliora ; & xxxvi. quodam modo
minora, erant in camera peculiar! ; alia item
tormenta, ex quibus catenas, globulique fran-
gendis navium malis apti exploduntur. Ba-
liftae, arcus, fagittae, quibus etiamnum hodie
in exercitiis uti folent Angli magno numero :
Et quis omnia referre queat ? Expolitioni au-
tem rerum harum bellicarum omnium, vix ofto
vel novem viri quotannis fufficiunt.
Officina
HENTZNER's Travels. 38
ly called partuifans, with which the guard de-
fend the Royal perfon in battle ; fome lances,
covered with red and green velvet, and the
body-armour of Henry VIII. ; many, and
very beautiful arms, as well for men, as for
horfes in horfe-fights ; the lance of Charles
Brandon Duke of Suffolk, three fpans thick ;
two pieces of canon, the one fires three,
the other {even balls at a time ; two others
made of wood, which the Englifh had at the
feige of Boulogne, in France, and by this
{tratagem, without which they could not have
fucceeded, they ftruck a terror into the inhabi-
tants, as at the appearance of artillery, and
the town was furrendered upon articles ; 19
canon, of a thicker make than ordinary, and
in a room apart ; 36 of a fmaller ; other
canon for chain-ftiot ; and balls proper to
■bring down mafts of fhips. Crofs-bows,
bows and arrows, of which to this day the
Englifh make great ufe in their exercifes : But
who can relate all that is to be feen here ?
Eight or nine men, employed by the year, arc
fcarce fufficient to keep all the arms bright.
M 2 The
39 HENTZNERI Itinerarium,
Oificlna praeterea eft in hac arce monetaria,
cudendis regiis nummis occupata.
N. B. Notandum hie, quod fi quis ex illuf-
triore familia facinus aliquod magnum perpe-
tret morte dignum, crimen nimirum laefae ma-
jeftatis, aut fimile quid, is huic arci includitur,
& rariiT^mum eft, ut inde liberetur, . & falvus
dimittatur, Hie decapitata fuit Anna Bolenia
Henrici VIII, Angliae regis conjiinx, ibidem-
que in Sacello fepulta, fed abfque infcriptione :
Regina quoquc Elifabetha in hoc ergaftulo
captiya fuit detenta a forore Maria Angliae
regina, qua tandem vita defunfta, inde libera-
ta, atque ad regnj gubernatipnerp legitime fuit
evocati;,
Egreili ex hac arcc in domunculam propin-
quam concefiimus, in qua diverfi generis alun-
tur animalia, tres videlicet Lenenae, & Leo
unus ingentis miignitudlnis, quern Edvvardum
fextum vocitant, CO quod regis iftius tempore
natus hie fit, Tigris, Lynx, Lupus, valde anno-
fus, quod rarinimum in Anglia animal, unde
etiam
HENTZNER's Travels. 39
The Mint for coining money is in the
Tower.
N, B. It is to be noted, that when any of
the nobility are fent hither, on the charge of
high crimes, punifhable with death, fuch as
treafon, ^c, they feldom or never recover
their liberty. Here was beheaded Anna
Bolen, wife of king Henry VIII. and lies
buried in the Chapel, but without any infcrip-
tion : And queen Elizabeth was kept prifoner
here by her fifter queen Mary, at whofe
death fhe was enlarged, and by right called to
the throne.
On coming out of the Tower, we were
led to a fmall houfe clofe by, where are kept
variety of creatures, viz, three Lioneffes, one
Lion of great fize, called Edward VI. from
his having been born in that reign ; a Tyger,
a Lynx ; a Wolf, exceflively old ; this is a
very fcarce animal in England, fo that their
fheep and cattle ftray about in great numbers,
free from any danger, though without any
body
40 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
etiam numerofi ovium greges & armenta hinc
inde abfque cuftodibus impune oberrant ; item
Hiftrix, Aquila : Atque haec animalia omnia
in loco remotiori, & ad banc rem defignato,
clathris ligneis circumfepta, Reginae fumptibu*
aluntur.
Prope banc arcem, area eft fatis ampla, in
cujus eminentiore loco contabulatio lignea
ere*£la eft, fuppliciis illuftrium deftinata, fuper
qua tres Angliae principes, fuae familas ultimos,
Isefa^ majeflatis reos, decollatos efle fertur : In
ripa Tbamcfis fluvii huic arci contigua, pluri-
ma videntur tormenta, & aenea, & ferrea,
quorum praecipuus in mari eft ufus.
Vifu deinde & notatu dignum quoque eft in
hac urbe periftylium five Janum medium,
Burfam vulgus, regina Elifabetha Excambi-
UM Regium dixit, ad negotiatorum ufum &
urbis ornamentum, a Thoma Grefbamo Eque-
Uris ordinis cive pofitum ; magnificam illud
quidem, five sedificii ftru£!:uram, five gentium
frcquentiam, five mercium copiam fpc6les ; ut
etiam Hanfiaticae Societatis domum omittam,
& aquas, fubterraneis cimiculis, & fypbonibus,
in
HENTZNER's Travels. 40
body to keep them ; there ia befidcs, a Porcu-
pine, and an Eagle : All thefe creatures are
kept in a remote place, fitted up for the pur-
pofe with wooden lattices, at the Qiieen's
expence.
Near to this Tower, is a large open fpace,
on the higheft part of it is ere6ted a wooden
fcafFold, for the execution of noble criminals 5
upon which they fay, three princes of Eng-
land, the laft of their families, have been be-
headed for high treafon : On the bank of the
Thames clofe by, are a great many canon,
fuch chiefly as are ufed at fea.
The next thing worthy of note, is the
Royal Exchange, (o named by queen
Elizabeth, built by Sir Thomas Grefham,
Citizen, for public ornament, and the con-
venience of merchants. It has a great efFe<3:,
whether you confider the ftatelinefs of the
building, the aflemblage of different nations,
or the quantities of merchandife. I fhall fay
nothing of the hall belonging to the Hans
Society ;
41 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
in omnes urbis regiones derivatas, illifque re-
cipicndis elegantiilima caftella feu labra ; no-
vum etiam aquedu6lum, quo hydragogi Ger-
man! folers induftria, rota e Thamefi aquas
in magnam urbis partem, tubulis certo libra-
mine difpofitis, ante paucos annos deduxit.
Britwel, Corre6tionis domus hodie, quon-
dam in Caroli V. Rom. Imperatoris gratiam,
intra fpatium fex hebdomadarum extrudla.
Ah ALL, domus a Sutore quodam aedifica-
ta, Reip. Londinenfi deftinata, in qua fmgulis
feptimanis ter venduntur merces variae, ut
pote frumentum, lana, panni, frudus, & alia.
Sunt porro Londini extra urbem Thea-
TRA aliquot, in quibus Hiftriones Angli Co-
mcedias Sc Tragoedias fmgulis fere diebus, in
magna hominum frequentia agunt, quas va-
riis etiam faltationibus, fuaviilima adhibita
mufica, magno cum populi applaufu fin ire
folcnt.
Non lon^e ab uno horum theatrorum,
quae omnia lignea funt, ad Thamefim Navis
eft
HENTZNER's Travels. 41
SpGiety 5 or of the conveyance of water to
all parts of the town by fubterranncous
pipes, nor the beautiful conduits and ciilerns
for the reception of it ; nor of the rifing of
water out of the Thames by a wheel, in-
vented a few years fince by a German.
BjRiDEWELL, at prefent the Houfe of
Correftion : It was built in fix weeks for
the reception of the Emperor Charles V.
A Hall, built by a Cobler, and beftowed
on the city, where are expofed to fale three
times in a week, corn, wool, cloth, fruits,
and the like.
Without the city are fome Theatres,
ivhere Englifh Actors reprefent almoft
every day Tragedies and Comedies to very
numerous audiences ; thefe are concluded
with excellent mufic, variety of dances, and
the exceflive applaufe of thofe that are
prefent.
Noitf^r frpm c>ne of thefe Theatres, which
.are all built of wood, lies the Royal Barge,
N clofe
4ii HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
feft Rcgia, qu^ duo egfegla habet conclavi^^
feneftris pellucidls, plcluris & fculpturis elegan-
ter exornata, in ficco & quidem fub tedlo col-
locata, propterea ut a pluviis & coeli inju-
ria immunis fit*
Eft & alius poftea locus Theatri quoque for-
mam habens, Urfdrum & Taurorum vena-
tionibus deftinatus, qui a poftica parte alligati
a magnis illis canibus & moloffis Anglici^,
quos lingua vernacula doften appellant, mire
exagitantur, ita tamen, ut faepe canes ifti ab
Urfis vel Tauris dentibus arrepti, vel corni-
bus impetiti, de vita periclitari, aliquando
etiam animam exhalare ibleant, quibus fic vel
lailis ftatim fubftituuntur alii recentes & magis
alacres. Accedit aliquando in fine hujus
fpe^laculi Urfi plane excaecati flagellatio,
ubi quinque vel fex, in circulo conftituti, Ur-
fiim flagellis mifere excipiunt, qui licet alliga-
tus aufugere nequeat, alacriter tamen fe de-*
fend it, circumftantes, & nimium appropin-
quantes, nifi re6le & provide fibi caveant,
profternit, ac flagella e manibus csedentium
cripit atque confringit» Utuntur in hifce fpec-
UcuJis
HENTZNER's Travels. 42
clofe to the river ; it has two fplendid cabbins,
beautifully ornamented with glafs windows,
painting and gilding ; it is kept upon dry
ground, and {heltered from the v/eather.
There is ftill another place, built in the
form of a Theatre, which ferves for the bait-
ing of Bulls and Bears, they are faftened be-
hind, and then worried by great Englifh bull-
dogs ; but not without great rifque to the
dogs, from the horns of the one, and the
teeth of the other ; and it fometimes happens
they are killed upon the fpot 5 frefli ones are
immediately fupplied in the places of thofe
that are wounded, or tired. To this enter-
tainment, there often follows that of whip-
ping a blinded Bear, which is performed by
five or fix men, (landing circularly with whips,
which they exercife upon him without any
mercy, as he cannot efcape from them be-
caufe of his chain ; he defends himfelf with
all his force and (kill, throwing down all who
come within his reach, and are not a£live
enough to get out of it, and tearing the
N 2 whi|)^
43 HENTZNERI Itinf.rarium.
taculis ficut & alibi, ubicunque locorum fint
Angli, herba nieotiana, quam Americano
idiomate Tobaca nuncupant (Paetum alii di-
cunt) hoe modo frequentiffime ; fiftulae m
hunc finem ex argilla fa6tae, orificio pofteriori
dictam herbam probe exficcatam, ita ut in pul-
verem facile redigi poflit, immittunt, & igne
admoto accenduiit, unde fumus ab anterior!
parte ore attrahitur, qui per nares rurfufn,
tanquam per infumibulum exit, & phlegma
ac capitis defluxiones magna copia Tecum edu-
cit. Circumferuntur infuper in hifce theatris
varii fru(5lus venales, ut poma, pyra, nuces &
pro ratione temporis, etiam vinum & cerevifia.
Collegia intra & extra urbem quinde^
cim hie numerantur, magnifies ItrucSlurje, ad-
jtin(51tis ubique hortis amdenilTimis, quorum
praecipua (init tec tria :
I. Templum, vulgo Te-mpel, in quo
olirri Templarii, di6lum, uti videtur, c tem-
plo antkjuiiilmo, cui Tunis rotunda addita^
fub
HENTZNER's Travels. 43
whips out of their hands, and breaking
them. At thefe fpe6lacles, and every where
elfe, the Englifh are conftantly fmoaking
Tobacco, and in this manner ; they have
pipes on purpofe made of clay, into the far-
ther end of which they put the herb, fo dry
that it may be rubbed into powder, and put-
ting fire to it, they draw the fmoak into their
mouths, which they pufF out again, through
their noftrils, like funnels, along with it
plenty of phlegm and defluxion from the head.
In thefe theatres fruits, fuch as apples, pears
and nuts, according to the feafon, are carried
about to be fold, as well as ale and wine.
There are fifteen Colleges, within and
without the city, nobly built, with beautiful
gardens adjoining. Of thefe the three prin-
cipal are :
I. The Temple, inhabited formerly by
the Knights Templars : It feems to have
I taken it's name from the old Temple, or
Church, which has a round Tower added to
it.
44 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Ibb qua eft fepultura regum Danorum, qui
olim in Anglia regnarunt.
II. Grezin* &
III. Lyconsin.
In hlfce Collcgiis aluntur adolefcentes &
nobiles & plebeii magno numero, philofophiae,
theologiae, &me(licinae potiflimum operam dan-
tes, (pauciflimi enim ad ftudium juris animum
adjiciunt) laute vivunt, & poculis argenteis
utuntur. Quod cum aliquando illuftris qui-
dam vir viJiflet, admirans magnum pocu-
lorum argenteorum numerum, in haec ver-
ba prorupifle fertur : *^ Convenire potius
*' Scholaftlcis ex teftaceis & vitreis quant
'^ argenteis vafculls bibere." Refponfum ei
a Collegio : ^' Se omnia fua pocula ipfi
*^ velle tradere, fi conditionem accipiat, &
'^ vicifTim fibi de teftaceis & vitreis vafculis
*' fufficientcr profpiciat ; frequentiflimam enim
*' horuni confradionem pofle fortaffis ali-
" quando longe fuperare jeftimationem argen-
^' teoruni."
Plateas
KENTZNER^s Travels. 44
It, under which lie buried thofe kings of
Denmark, that reigned in England.
II. Grays-Inn. And ^
III. Lincolns-Inn.
In thefe Colleges numbers of the young
nobility, gentry, and others, are educated,
and cheifly in the ftudy of phyfic, for very few
apply themfelves to that of the law : They
are allowed a very good table, and filver cups
to drink out off. Once a perfon of dif-
tinftion, who could not help being furprized
at the great number of cups, faid, '' He
*' fliould have thought it more fuitable to the
*^ life of Students, if they had ufed rather
<' glafs, or earthen-ware, than filver." The
College anfwered, <' They were ready to
'« make him a prefent of all their plate, pro-
*' vided he would undertake to fupply them
" with all the glafs, and earthen-ware, they
*< fhould have a demand for; fince it was
<^ very likely he would find the expence,
" from confl-ant breaking, exceed the value
'' of the filver.''
The.
45 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Plateas habet urbs ifta nitidas & mundas ;
prae reliquis tamen exccllit, quae ab aurifabris
nomen hab^tj'lin hac turris deaurata cerni-
tur, cum fonte falientis aquae, cui adjed:ae
funt ab altero latere aedes fatis fplendidae, ab
aurifabro quodam olim conftruftae, & reipub.
donatae ; videntur praeterea in hac potiflimum
platea, licet idem quoque fit in aliis ubi auri-
fabri habitant, aurea & argentea yafa propa-
1am expofita, item antiqua Sc recentia nu-
mifmata, in tanta copia, ut quemlibet percgre
advenientem, & ifta contemplantem facile
in admirationem trahant.
Fitz-Stephanus Anglicse hiftoriae fcriptor,
fuo tempore cxxvii. Ecclefias Parochiales &
XIII. Conventuales Londini numeravit, &
fada hominum armigerorum oftenfione, qua-
draginta millia peditum, equitum viginta mil-
lia, fub fignis Londinenfes eduxifTe Uteris pro-
didit. Guilhel. CambcL in Britannia fub tit.
Midlefex.
OSTREA
HENTZNER's Travels. 45
The ftreets in this city are very handfome
and clean ; but that v/hich is named from
the gold-fmiths who inhabitjft, furpafies all
the reft : There is in it a gilt Tower, with
a fountain that plays. Near it on the farther
fide is a handfome houfe, built by a gold-
fmith, and prefented by him to the city.
There are befides to be (cen in this ftreet, as
in all others where there are gold-fmiths
fhops, all forts of gold and filver veflels ex-
pofed to fale ; as well as antient and modern
medals, in fuch quantities as muft furprize a
man the firft time he fees and confiders them.
Fitz-^'Stephens, a writer of Englifh hiftory,
reckoned in his time in London, 127 parifli
Churches, and 13 belonging to Convents :
He mentions befides, that upon a review
there of men able to bear arms, the people
brought into the field under their colours,
40,000 foot, and 20,000 horfe. Fide Camb-
dm's Britan, Middle/ex.
O The
46 HENTZNERI Itinerariutvt^
OsTREA delicatiflimi efus hie magna in
numero venalia circumferuntur.
%
Notiillmum eft & illud, Pannos Angli-
cos ob mater iae bonitatem valde commendari,
& in omnia Europae regna & provincias im-
portari.
Vidimus in Leonardi Fabri, fartoris, Lon-
dinenfis sedibus fpeculum excellentiifimum,
margaritis, auro, argento, & holoferico ita
exornatum, ut quingentis coronatis folaribus
aeftimarctur. Habebat idem hippocampum &
aethitem lapidem, quae ut rara & vifu digna
libenter afpeximus.
jftgue hac de LoNDiNO Anglia MeiropolL
Londino poftea exfpatiandi causa Thamefi
flumine fecundo digreffis, primum nobis oc-
currit navis nobiliflimi iftius Pyratae Franclfci
Draci, qua totum terrarum orbem (five per
^trumque hemifphaerium) circumnavigafTe di-
citur.
HENTZNER's Travels. 46
The ibeft Oysters are fold Uere in great
quantitiea.
Every body knows that English Cloth
is much approved of, for the goodnefs of the
rnaterials, and imported into all the kingdoms
and provinces of Europe. ^
We were fliewn at the houfe of Leonard
Smith, a taylor, a moll perfe£l looking-glafs,
ornamented with gold, pearl, filver and velvet,
fo richly as to be eftimated at five hundred
ecus du foleil. We faw at the fame place the
liippocamp and eagle ftone, both very curious
and rare.
And thus much of London^
Upon taking the air down the river, the
firft thing that ftruck us, was the fhip of that
noble Pirate, Sir Francis Drake, in which
he is faid to have Surrounded this globe of
earth. On the left hand lies Ratcliffe,
O 2 a coo*
47 HENTZNERI Itikerarium.
citur, cujus reliquiae memoriae caufsa adh\ic
ibi aflervantur ; ad finiftram eft fuburbium fatis
magnum, Rattelew divftum, cui in altera
ripa oppofita eft pertica quaedam lignea, cum
cornibus arietinis fuperius affixis ; qiise vulgo
fignificare dicuntur, ita puniri etahi, qui fcien^
& volens paflus fit alium cum conjuge fua con-
cumbere, tacite in adulterium confentiendo.
Venimus deinde ad arcefn I'egiam^ Gron-
wiDGE feu Grunwidge vulgo dictam, quae
arx Latinis faltum viridem denotat ; banc Hum-
fradum Gloceftria^ Ducem aedificare cepifTe,
& Henricum VIL Angliae regem magnifice
adauxiffc, fama eft. Nata eft in eadem fe-
reniiTmia Angliae regina Elifabetba, quae adhuc
rerum potitur, & in hac libentiffime, praefer-
tim tempore aeftivo, ob fummam loci amceni-
tatem efl'e folet. Poftquam banc arcem in-
grefii fumus,' ex mandato fummi Cubiculari-
orum Praefedli, quod Dn. Daniel Rogerius im-
petraverat, in Cameram Praefentationis, un-
diquaque tapctis preciofis exornatam, (pavi-
mcntum vero, uti in Angliae moris eft, foeno
crat
. HENTZNER's Travels. 47
a confiderable fuburb : On the oppofite fhore
is fixed a long pole with rams-horns upon it,
the intention of which was vulgarly faid to
be, a reflection upon wilful and contented
cuckolds.
We arrived next at the royal palace of
Greenwich, reported to have been origi-
nally built by Humphrey Duke of Gloucefter,
and to have received very magnificent addi-
tions from Henry VIT. It was here Eliza-
beth, the prefent queen, was born, and here
flie generally refides ; particularly in fummer,
for the delightful nefs of it's fituation. We
were admitted by an order Mr. Rogers had
procured from the Lord Chamberlain, into
the Prefence-Chamber, hung with rich tapef^
try, and the floor after the Englifh fafliion,
ftrewcd with * hay, through which the
Queen commonly pafles in her way to chapel :
At the door ftood a Gentleman drefl'ed in
velvet, with a gold chain, whofe oflfice was
* He probably Means rujhes.
to
4$ HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
crat conftratum) quam Regina, quando in
facellum ad preces ire vult, tranfire folet ; ad
janum ftabat nobilis quidam veftibus holoferi-
cis amiiStus, $c catena aurea cinctus, qui Co-
mites, Barones, Nobiles & alios utriufque
fexus, Reginam adire cupientes, ad eandem
deducebat ; (erat tiim forte dies Dominicus,
quo magnates plerumque reginam invifere
folent) in camera, quam dixi, praeftolabantur
reginam Epifcopi Cantuarienfis & Londinen-
fis, Confiliarii, Officiarii, & Nobiles magno
numero ; poftea cum hora precum inflaret,
Regina ex fuo conclavi prodiit, tali cum co-
mitatu :
Praeibant Nobiles, Barones, Comites, &
Equites Ordinis Perifcelidis, omnes fplendidc
veftiti, & capite detefto ; proxime antecede-
bant duo, alter qui fceptrum Regni, alter qui
gladium in vagina rubra aureis liliis diftinfta
reconditum, cufpide furfum versa, portabat, in-
ter quos medius procedebat magnus Anglia*
Canccllarius, figillum Regni in marfupio ho-
lofcrico rubro gerens 5 hos fcquebatur Regina^
aetatis.
HENTZNER^s Travels. 48
to introduce to the Queen any Perfon of Dif-
tiiKSion, that came to wait on her: It was
Sunday, when there is ufually the greateft
attendance of Nobilit)% In the fame hall
were the Archbifhop of Canterbury, the
Bifliop of London, a great number of Coun-
fellors of State, Officers of the Crown, and
Gentlemen, who waited the Queen's coming
out ; which fhe did from her own apartment,
when it was time to go to Prayers, attended
in the following manner :
Firft went Gentlemen, Barons, Earls,
Knights of the Garter, all richly dreffed and
bare-headed ; next came the Chancellor,
bearing the Seals in a red-filk Purfe, between
Two ; one of which carried the Royal Scep-
.ter, the other the Sword of State, in a red
fcabbard, ftudded with golden Fleurs de Lis,
the point upwards : Next came the Quecn>
in the Sixty-fifth Year of her Age, as wc
were told, very majeftic ; her Face oblong,
fair, but wrinkled ; her Eyes fmall, yet
black and pleafant ; her Nofe a little hooked ;
her Lips narrow, and her Teeth black ; (a
defea
49 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
aetatis, uti rumor erat, Lxv. annorum, mag-,
na cum majeflate, facie oblonga & Candida,
fed rugosa, occulis parvis, fed iiigris & gra-
tiofis, nafo paululum inflexo, labiis compreflis,
dentibus fuliginofis (quod vitium ex nimio
faccari ufu Anglos contrahere verifimile eft)
inaures habens duas margaritis nobiliffimis
appenfis, crinem fulvum fed fad^itium ; capiti
impofita erat parva qurxdam corona, quae ex
particula auri celeberrimas illius tabulae Lunae-
burgcnfis fadla effe perhibetur ; pecSore erat
luida, quod virginitatis apud Anglos nobiies
fignum eft ; nam maritatae funt tedtae ; col-
lum torques gemmis nobiliftimis refertus
circumdabat ; manus erant graciles, digiti
longlufculi, ftatura corporis mediocris ; in in-
ceffu magnifica, verbis blanda & humanifH-
ma ; irxduta forte turn temporis erat vefte ferJ-
ca alba, cujus oram margarkae preciofiiTimse
fabarum magnitudine decorabant, toga fuper-
inje6la ex fcrico nigro, cui argentea fila ad-
mifta, cum Cauda longiftima, quam March io-
nifia pone fequens a pofteriori parte elevatam
geftabat ; collare habebat oblongum, vice
catenae, gemmis & auro fulgens. Turn,
cum
HENTZNER's Travels. 49
dcfcA the Englifh feem fubje^ to, from their
too great ufe of fugar) fhe had in her Ears
two pearls, with very rich drops ; fhe wore
falfe Hair, and that red -, upon her Head fhe
had a fmall Crown, reported to be made of
fome of the gold of the celebrated Lune-
bourg table * : Her Bofom was uncovered,
as all the Englifh ladies have it, till they mar-
ry ; and fhe had on a Necklace of exceeding
fine jewels ; her Hands were fmall, her
Fingers long, and her Stature neither tall
nor low ; her air was flately, her manner
of fpeaking mild and obliging. That day
file was drefled in white Silk, bordered with
pearls of the fize of beans, and over it a
Mantle of black filk, fhot with fdver threads ;
her Train was very long, the end of it born
by a Marchionefs ; inflead of a Chain, fhe
had an oblong Collar of gold and jewels.
As fhe went along in all this flate and mag-
nificence, fhe fpoke very graciouily, firfl to
* Jt this diftance of t'lme^ it is difficult to
fay wkat this was,
P one.
50 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
cum tali in pompa & magnificentia incederet,
nunc cum hoc, mox cum alio Icquebatur
perhumaniter, qui vel legationis vel alterius
rei caufla eo venerant, utens nunc materno,
nunc Gallico, nunc Italico idiomate ; nam
praeterquam quod Graece & Latine eleganter
eft do6^a, tenet ultra jam commemorata
idiomata, etiam Hifpanicum, Scoticum &
Belgicum ; omnes illam alloquentes, pedibus
flexis id faciunt, quorum aliquos interdum
manu elevare folet. Hos inter forte tum erat
Baro quidam Bohemus, Gulielmus Slawata
nomine, Reginae literas offerens, cui manum
dextram chirotheca detrafta, annulis & lapi-
dibus preciofiflimis fplendentem porrexit of-
culandam, quod maximum infignis clementiae
fignum eft ; in tranfitu, quocunque faciem
vertit, omnes in genua procidunt ; fequeba-
tur Gynaeceum ex Comitiffis, Baroniflis, &
Nobilibus feminis, fumma pulchritudine &
forma excellentibus conftans, & maxima ex
parte, veftimentis albicans; ab utroque latere
comitabantur earn Satellites nobiles cum haftis
deauratis, quorum quinquaginta funt numero ;
in praeambula Sacelli, quod huic atrio conti-
HENTZNER^s Travels. 50
one, then to another, whether foreign Mi-
niflers, or thofe who attended for different
reafons, in Englifh, French and Italian ; for
befides being well fkilled in Greek, Latin,
and the Lano:uao;es I have mentioned, (he is
DO ■'
miftrefs of Spanifli, Scotch, and Dutch :
Whoever fpeaks to her, it is kneeling ; now
and then (he raifes fome with her Hand.
While we were there, W, Slawata, a Bo-
hemian Baron, had letters to prefent to her;
and fhe, after pulling off her glove, gave
him her right Hand to kifs, fparkling with
rings and jewels, a mark of particular Fa-
vour : Wherever fhe turned her Face, as fhe
was going along, every body fell down on
their * knees. The Ladies of the Court
ibllowed next to her, very hand fome and well-
* Her Father had been treated with the fame
deference* It is mentioned by Fox in his ASfs
and Monument Sy that when the Lord Chancellor
went to apprehend queen Catherine Parr^ he
Jpoke to the King on his knees*
Kiftg fames L fuffered his courtiers to omit it.
Bacon's Papers, v. ii. p. 516,
P 2 fhaped,
51 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
guum eft, porriguntur ipfi libelli fupplices,
quos bcnigniffime accipit, unde tales fiunt ac-
clamationes ; GOD save the Quene
ELISABETH! hoc eft, DeusfahetRe-
ginam El'ijahetham ; ad quae populo fic ipfa
refpondet ; I thanoke you myn good
P E U P E L, id eft ; Ago tihi gratias popule
mi bone. In facello habebatur excellens mu-
fica, qua finita una cum precibus, quae vix
ultra dimidiam horam durabant, Regina
cadem magnificentia & ordine, quo antea
difceiTerat, redibat & ad prandium fe confere-
bat. Interea vero dum facris intererat, vidi-
mus illi apparari menfam hac adhibita (o-
lemnitate :
Primo Nobilis quidam atrium ingreflus,
fceptrum manu tenebat, adjunftum fibi habens
alium quendam Nobilcm cum mappa, qui
ambo cum ter fumma cum veueratione genua
ilexifftnt, alter ad menfam propius aceedens,
eam mappa infternebat j quo facSo, rurfus
poplite flexo difcedebant ; veniebant poft hos
alii duo, quorum alter rurfum cum fceptro,
alter cum falino, orbe & pane aderat, qui
cum.
HENTZNER's Travels. 51
fhaped, and for the mofl: part drcfied in white ;
fhe was guarded on each fide by the Gentle-
men Penfioners, fifty in number, with gilt
battle-axes ; in the Antichapel next the Hall
where we were, Petitions were prefented to
her, and fhe received them moft graci-
oufly, which occafioned the acclamation of.
Long live Queen ELIZABETH!
She anfwered it with, I thank you my
GOOD PEOPLE. In the Chapel was
excellent mufic ; as foon as it, and the Service
was over, which fcarce exceeded half an hour,
the Queen returned in the fame State and
Order, and prepared to go to Dinner. But
while fhe was flill at Prayers, we faw her
Table fet out with the following Solemnity :
A Gentleman entered the room bearing a
rod, and along with him another who had a
table-cloth, which after they had both kneel-
ed three times, with the utmoft veneration,
he fpread upon the tabic, and after kneeling
again, they both retired. Then came two
others, one with the rod again, the other
with a falt-feller, a plate, and bread ; when
thev
51 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
cum^ uti priores, ter genua incurvafient, &
res modo didlae menfae impofitas effent, eadem
omnino cum ceremonia abtvere. Venit tan-
demVirgo quaedam Comitifla, uti affirmabatur,
eximiae pulchritudinis, veftita vefte ferica
alba, cui erat adjunfta nobills matrona, cul-
trum prseguftatorlum ferens, quse ter fummo
cum decore in pedes provoluta, poftea ad men-
fam acceflit, orbes fale & pane abfterfit, tan-
ta cum veneratione, ac fi Regina ipfa prae-
iens fuiffet ; cumque paululum commoratii
ad menfam eflet, venerunt fatellites Regii,
onmes capite nudi, fagis rubris induti, qui-
bus in poftica parte erant affixae rofae aureae,
fingulis vicibus xxiv. mifliis ferculorum in
patinis argentcis & maxima ex parte deaura-
tis, adferentes ; ab his nobills quidam ordine
cibos accepit, & menfae impofuit ; praegu-
ftatrix vero cuilibet fatelliti, ex eadem, quam
ipfemet attulerat, patina, buccellam deguf-
tandam praebuit, ne aliqua veneni fubelTet
fufpicio ; dum fatellites ifti, qui centum nu-
mero proceid corporis ftatura, & omnium ro-
buftiflimi ex toto Angliae regno ad hoc munus
fumma cura dcliguntur, fupradi£los cibos ad-
portarcnt,
HENTZNER's Travels. 52
they had kneeled, as the others had done,
and placed what was brought upon the table,
they too retired with the fame ceremonies
performed by the firft. At lafl: came an un-
married Lady, (we were told fhe was a Coun-
tefs) and along with her a married one, bear-
ing a tafting-knife 5 the former was drefled
in white filk, who when Ihe had proftrated
herfelf three times, in the moft graceful man-
ner approached the table, and rubbed the
plates with bread and fait, with as much
awe, as if the Queen had been prefent :
When they had waited there a little while,
the Yeomen of the Guard entered, bare-
headed, cloathed in fcarlet, with a golden
rofe upon their backs, bringing in at each
turn a courfc of twenty-four difhes, ferved
in plate moft of it gilt ; thefe diflies were re-
ceived by a Gentleman in the fame order
they were brought, and placed upon the
table, while the Lady-Tafter gave to each of
the guard a mouthful to eat, of the particu-
lar difh he had brought, for fear of any poifon.
During the time that this guard, which con-
fiils of the talleft and ftouteft men that can
he
53 HETNITZNERI Itinerarium.
portarcnt, erant in aulae area xii. tubicines,
& duo tympaniftne, qui tubis, buccinis, Sc
tympariis magno fonitu per fefquihoram
clangebant. Caeremoniis autem, modo com-
memoratis, circa menfam abfolutis, aderant
illico virgines aliquot nobiles, quae fingulari
cum veneratione cibos de menfa auferebant,
& in interius & fecretius Reginae cubiculum
a/portabant.
Eligere ibi Regina folet quos vult, caeteri
pro gyniEceo fervantur ; prandet & coenat
fola paucis aftantibus, atque null us admitti-
tur, neque peregrinus, neque Regni quoque
incola, nifi rarifTimc & quidem ex fingulari
magnatis alicujus interceflione.
Caeterum prope banc arcem videtur Reginns
vivarium, in quo variae aluntur ferae ; quern
admodum & per totam fere Angliam ejufce-
modi vivaria valde funt frequentia, inter no-
biliores & ditiores potiilimum. In iflius um-
bilico Turris eft quadrata antiqua colliculo im-
pofita, MiREFLEUR nomine, cujus Amadi-
fium ilium Gailicum in figmentis fuis men-
tionem
I
HENTZNER's Travels. 53
be found in all England, being carefully fc-
le6led for this fervice, were bringing din-
ner, twelve trumpets, and two kettle-drums
made the hall ring for half an hour together.
At the end of all this ceremonial a number
of unmarried Ladies appeared, who with
particular folemnity lifted the meat off the
table, and conveyed it into the Queen's in-
ner and more private chamber, where after
(he had chofen for herfelf, the reft goes to
the Ladies of the Court.
The Queen dines and fups alone with very
few attendance ; and it is very fcldom that
any body, foreigner or native, is admitted at
that time, and then only at the interceinon
of fomebody in power.
Near this palace is the Qiieen's Park flock-
ed with deer: Such Parks are common
throughout England, belonging to thofe that
are diftinguifhed either for their rank or riches.
In the middle of this is an old fquare Tower,
called MiREFLEUR, fuppofed to be that men-
tioned in the romance of Am.adis de Gaul ;
and joining to it a plain, where Knights and
Q^ other
54 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
tionem facere, quldam volunt ; hulc contigua
eft planities Equeftribus exercitiis deftinata,
in qua ftatis & feftivis temporibus Equite*
aliique nobiles convenire folent.
LonJino curru dlfceflirtius loco vicina &
celebriora viffcndi gratia.
Vidimus prima arcem Thebal^ vuIo;o
THiBAULDSy pertmentem ad Dn. Burghley
Angliae Regni Thefaurarium ; in xyfto de-
pidta erat Anglrae regum genealogia; huic
contiguus eft hortus, quern -fofla aqua plena
fere undiquaque claudit, ita ut quis navigio-
magna cum voluptate inter fruticeta hinc
indc fpatiari poflit ; varias ibi reperias arbores^
& herbas, labyrinthos magna induftria failos,
fontem ex marmore candido falientis aquae,
columnas item & pyramides, turn ex ligno
turn ex alia materia paftim in horto po'fitas ; in"
trodu^i poftea ab hortulano in domum aefti-
vam. Vidimus in inferiore ejus parte, qua?
femicircularj forma conftru6la eft, xn. impe-
ratores Romanes ex marmore candido, Sc
njtenfam ex lydio lapide ; fuperioris parti*
utrumque
HENTZNER's Travels. 54
other Gentlemen ufe to meet at fet times
and holidays to exercife on horfe-back.
We left London in a coach, in order to fee
the remarkable places in it's neighbourhood.
The firft was Theobalds, belonging to
Lord Burleigh the Treafurer : In the gallery
was painted the genealogy of the kings of
England ; from this place one goes into the
garden, encompafled with a ditch full of
water, large enough for one to have the plea-
fure of going in a boat, and rowing between
the flirubs ; here are great variety of trees
and plants ; labyrinths made with a great
deal of labour ; ajetd*eau, with it's bafon
of white marble ; and columns and pyramids
of wood and other materials up and down
the garden : After feeing thefe, we were led
by the gardiner into the fummer-houfe, in the
lower part of which, built femicircularly, are
the twelve Roman emperors in white marble,
and a table of touchftone ; the upper part of
it is fet round with cifterns of lead, into
which the water is conveyed through pipes,
CL2 ' fo
55 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
utrumque latus cingunt labra plumbea, in quae
aqua per canales eft deducSa, ut in illis pifces
fervari, Sc asftivo tempore in frigida commode
lavari poflit ; in alio coenaculo, huic plane
vicino, & per ponticulum conjunfto, erat
menfa ex marmore rubro figura ovali. Ad
arc is hujus penetralia non fumus admiili prop-
ter abfentiam familiae, quas eodem die funerc
Domini fui Londini interfuit.
Hatztan, pagus.
Ware, vicus.
BocKRiTSCH, pagus ; Icdios a fervis in
hdc provincia fterni & praeparari hie primum
obren-avimus.
Camboritum, Cantabrigium, &
Cantabrigia Latinis, vulgo Cambridge
celeberrimum Angliae regni oppidum, fic dic-
tum a Camo Huvio, qui cum occidentale ejus
latus infulis ludens perfperfcrit, ad ortum con-
verius, in partes difpertit duas, ponteque con-
jungitur, undc rcceiitiu^ hoc nomen Cam-
brid2;e
o
HENTZNER's Travels. 55
fo that fifli may be kept in them, and in Turn-
mer time they are very convenient for bathing ;
in another room for entertainment very near
this, and joined to it by a little bridge, v/as
an oval table of red marble. We v/ere not
admitted to fee the apartments of this palace,
there being nobody to (hew it, as the family
was in tov/n attending the funeral of their
Lord *.
HoDSDON, a village.
Ware, a market tov7n.
PucKERiDGE, a village ; this was the firfl
place where we obfcrved that the beds at
inns were made by the waiters.
Camboritum, Cantabrigium, and
Cantabrigia, now called Cambridge,
a celebrated town, fo named from the river
Cam, which after wafhing the Weftern-fide,
playing through iflands, turns to the Eall, and
divides the town into two parts, which are
* Lord Trecifurer Burleigh diedy Aug, 4, 1598.
joined
56 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
bridge enatum ;, cum Saxonico vocabulo olim
Grantbridge appellatum fuerit. Ultra
pontem cernitur Caftellum amplum & vetuf-
tum in colle fitum, quod a Danis extruftum
fuifie perhibetur : Cis pontem, ubi urbis pars
longe maxima jacet, platearum defcrlptione,
templorum frequentia, Sc pulcherrimis Mufa-
rum facrariis five CoUegiis omnia nitent ; in
quibus eruditiilimi viri magno numero abintur,
omniumque bonarum artium fcientia & lin-
guarum cognitio florent.
De fundatione Academiae hujus oppidi &
de Collegiis haec paucula annotare placuit ;
Cantabrum Hifpanum, Anno ante Chriftum
natum 373. Academiam banc primum inftitu-
illc, & Sebcrtum Oriental ium Anglorum re-
gem, Anno poft Chriftum 630. reftituiile
perhibetur* Poftea Danicis procellis fubinde
cverfa, diu neglecSla jacuit, donee fub Nor-
mannico imperio omnia dilucefcere inceperint ;
jam inde literarum diverforia, hofpitia, &
nulx ftudiofis excitata fuerunt, fed nullis pof-
iciTionibus dotata.
Primum
HENTZNER's Travels. 56
joined by a Bridge ; whence it's modern
name : Formerly it had the Saxon one of
Grantbridge. Beyond this bridge is an
antient and large Caftle, faid to be built by
the Danes : On this fide, where far the
greater part of the town ftands, all is fpl en-
did ; the ftreets fine, the churches numerous,
and thofe feats of the Mufes, the Colleges,
moft beautiful ; in thefe a great number of
learned men are fupported, and the ft'udies of
all polite fciences and languages flouriih.
I think proper to mention fome few things
about the foundation of this Univerfity,
and it's Colleges. Cantaber, a Spaniard, h
thouo;ht to have firft inftituted this Acade-
my, 375 Years before Chrifl: ; and Sebert
king of the Eaft- Angles, to have reftored it,
A. D. 630. It was aftewards fubverted in
the confufion under the Danes, and lay long
neglected ; till upon the Norman conque^i:
every thing began to brighten up again :
From that time, Inns and Halls for the con-
venient lodging of Students began to be built,
but without any revenues annexed to them.
The
57 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Primum vero Collegium, quod S. Petri do«
mus vocatur, Hugo Balmam Epifcopus Eli-
enfis. Anno ChrilH 1280, exftruxit 5c dota-
vit, qucm fccuti Sc imitati Richardus Badew,
ab Eliiabetha Clara Ultoniae Comitilla adju-
tus, Anno Chrifli 1343, Auiam Clarenfem ;
Maria de S. Paulo Penbrochias ComitifTa,
Anno Chrifti 1343, Aulam Penbrochieniem ;
Societas fratrum Corporis Chrifti 1344, Col-
legium Corporis Chrifti ; quod & S. Benedicii
dicitur ; Joannes Craudenfis, Anno Chrifti
1354, Aulam Trinitatis ; Edmundus Gone-
>ile. Anno Chrifti 1348, Sc Joannes Cajus
Medirus noftro tempore Gonevilli & Caii
Collegium ; Henricus VI. Rex A^ngliae, Col-
legium Rcgium, Anno Chrifti 1441, cui Sa-
cellum adjunxit, quod inter pulcherrima orbis
sedificia fuo jure locum fibi vendicat, habens
ad latus dextrum Bibliothecam infignem, in
qua librum Pfalmorum in membranii fcriptum,
quatuor fpithamas longum, & tres latum vi-
dimus, Hifpanis in oppugnatione Gadium
ereptum, 5z inter alia opima fpolia in Ang-
liam deportaturn. Margaretha Andegavcnfis
ejus
HENTZNER's Travels. 57
The firfl College, called Peter-Houfe, was
built and endowed by Hugh Balfam, Bifhop
of Ely, A. D. 1280; and in imitation of
him, Richard Badew, with the afliftance of
Elizabeth Burk Countefs of Clare and Ul-
fter founded Clare-Hall, in 1326; Mary
de St, Paul Countefs of Pembroke, Pem-
broke-Hall, in 1343 ; the Monks of Corpus
Chrifti, the College of the fame Name,
though it has befides that of Bennet ; John
Craudene, Trinity-Hall, 1354; Edmond
Gonville in 1348, and John Caius, a Phyfi-
cian in our times, Gonville and Caius Col-
lege ; King Henry VI. King's College, in
1441 5 adding to it a Chapel, that may juftly
claim a place among the moft beautiful build-
ings in the world ; on it's right fide is a fine
Library, where we faw the Book of Pfalms
in manufcript upon parchment, four fpans
in length, and three broad, taken from the
Spaniards at the fiege of Cadiz, and thence
brought into England with other rich fpoils.
Margaret of Arijou, his wife, founded
Queen's College, 1448, at the fame time that
R John
5? HENTZNERI IriNERAHmM,
ejus uxor. Anno Chriftj 1448, CollegluKi
Reginale ; eodemque tempore Joannes Al-^
cockus, Ephfcopus Eljenfis, Collegium Jefu ;
Robertus Woodlacke, Anno Chrifti- 1459,
S. Catherinae Aulatn ; Margaretha Rkhmun-
dia, Henrici VII. Anglic-e regis mater,
Ghrifti and S. Joannis Collegia, circker An-
num Chrifti 1 506 ; Thomas Avvdley, Ang-
liae Cancellarius,. Collegium Magdalenae^ quod
clariiUmus vir Dn. Chriftopher Wrey, fiim-
ttius Angliae Juftitiarius, & redificiis & poflef-
fionibus adauxit ; et potent iflimus rex Henrf-
cus VIII. S. Trinkatis Collegium, Anna
Sal utis 1546, religioni & feonrs Ikeris exaedi-
ficavit, in cujus Sacello Withackeri Theologi
epitaphium eft, aureis literis marmori infcrip-
tum ; Collegium Emanuells, quod bonis ftu-
diis honoratiflimus & prudentiffimus vir, Dn..
Gualterus Mildmajus Eques Auratus,, ®iac
Majeftati ab intimis confiliis noftra aetate ex-
ftruxit : Et Collegium Seidnei, quod novum.
Seidncius Eques Auratus nunc molitur.
Notandum hie, quod in Anglia quaedam.
eft Se6la, quse Puritanorum vocatur : Hi
ex
HENTZNER's Travels. 5$
John Alcock, Bifhop of Ely, built Jefus
College ; Robert Woodlarke, Catherine-
Hall, 1456 ; Margaret of Richmond, mo-
ther of king Henry VII. Chrift's and St.
John's Colleges, about 1506 ; Thomas Aud-
ley. Chancellor of England, Magdalen
College, much encreafed fince both in build-
ings and revenue by Chriftopher Wray,
Lord Chief Juftice ; and the moft potent
king Henry VIIL ere<Sed IVinity College
for religion and polite letters ; in it's Chapel
is the tomb of Dr. Whitacre, w^ith an infcrip-
tion in gold letters upon marble; Emanuel
College built in our own times by the moft
honourable and prudent Sir Walter Mild-
may, one of her Majefty's Privy Council :
And laftly, Sidney College, now firft build-
ing by the executors of the Lady * Frances
Sidney Countefs of Suflex.
We muft note here, that there is a certain
Sc6l in England, called Puritans : Thefe,
* She was the Daughter^ Stjier and Aunt^
of thofe eminent Knights^ Sir William^ Sir
Henry ^ and Sir Philip Sidney.
R 2 according
59 HENTZNERI Itinf.rarium.
ex opinione Ecclefiae Genevenfis omnes fefc
caeremonias ab antiquis ufurpatas, organa
item & epitaphia e templis ejiciunt, difparita-
tem officlorum inter ecclefiafticos, ut funt
Epifcopatus, Abbatiae, isfc, tollunt, & ejuf-
cemodi dignitates omnino refpuunt, hoc no-
mine primum appellati a Jefuita Sandcs. Non
vivunt ifti feorfum, fed reliquis hinc inde in
CoHegiis fuht immifti.
BoTTON, pagus,
Amtheil, vicus ; hic infinitam iDultitu-
dinem cuniculorum vidimus, qui loco Icporum
habentur, & faporis funt optimi.
Obern, Leitten, Elsberg, & Wet-
LEFF, vicos tranfivimus.
OxoNiUM, vulgo OxENFORD, Athcnae
Anglicje nobilifTimae, literarum & fapicntias
clarifnma officina, unde religio, humanitas,
& doclrina in omnes regni partes uberrimc
diftribuuntur : Oppidum egrcgium tSc nitidum
eft.
HENTZNER's Travels. 59
according to the dodlrine of the Church of
Geneva, rejecl all ceremonies antiently held,
and admit of neither organs nor tom.bs in
their places of worfliip, and entirely abhor all
difference in rank among churchmen, fuch
as Bifhops, Deans, ^c. they were firft
named Puritans by the Jefuit Sandys. They
do not live feperate, but mix with thofe of
the Church of England in the Colleges.
Pot TON, a village.
Ampthill, a town ; here we faw im-
menfe numbers of rabbits, which are rec-
koned as good as hares, and are very well
taftcd.
We pafled through the towns of Woburn,
Leighton, Ailesbury, and Wheatley^
OxoNiUM, Oxford, the famed Athens
of England ; that glorious feminary of learn-
ing and wifdom, whence religion, politenefs,
and letters, are abundantly difperfed into all
parts of the kingdom : The town is remark-
ably fine, whether you confider the elegance
of
to HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
eft five privatorum asdificiorum elegantiam,
five publicorum dignitatem, five fitus falubri-
tatem & amoenitatem fpe61:es ; planitiem enim
ita obvallant nemorofi colics, ut hinc peftilen-
ti Auftro, illinc tempeftuoro Zephyro exclufo,
tantum ferenantem Eurum & Aquilonem cor-
ruptionis vindicem admittant, unde ab hoc
fitu Bellositum quondam diftum fuifle
produnt nonnulli. Alluunt hoc oppidum
duo fluvii Chenvel, & Ifis, vulgo Oufe, qui
licet in unum alveum aquas confocient, Ids
tamen folidus & concitatior in Auftrum fertur,
^ nomen retinet, donee fluvium Tamam
quern diu qua^fierat inveniat, & ad vicum
WallengdorfF in fe recipiat, unde poftea
fluviorum Britannicorum regnator compo-
fito vocabulo Thamefis appellatur, de quo
non immerito dicere liceat, eum & ferere Bri-
tanniam & rigare, quod de Euphrate in oriente
dixcrunt veteres.
Ca?terum Collegia in hac celebri univerfi-
tatc haec funt :
Henrico
HENTZNER's Travels. 6o
of it's private buildings, the magnificence of
it's public ones, or the beauty and v/holefome-
nefs of it's fituation ; w^hich is on a plain,
encompafled in fuch a manner with hills
fhaded v^^ith wood, as to be fheltered on the
one hand from the fickly South, and on the
other from the bluftering Weft, but 'open to
the Eaft that blows ferene weather, and to
the North the preventer of corruption ; from
which in the opinion of fome it formerly
obtained the appellation of Bellositum.
This town is watered by two rivers, the
Cherwell, and the Ifis, vulgarly called the
Oufe ; and though thefe ftreams join in the
fame channel, yet the Ifis runs more entire,
and with more rapidity towards the Souths
retaining it's name, till it meets the Thame,
which it feems long to have fought, at Wal-
lingford, thence called by the compound name
of Thames, it flows the prince of all Britifh
rivers ; of whom we may juftly fay, as the
antients did of the Euphrates, That it both-
fows and waters England.
The Colleges in this famous Univcrfity arc
as follov/s ; In.
6i HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Henrico III. Anglorum rege adhuc reg-
nante Gualterus Merton Epifcopus Roffenfis
Gollegium quod in agro Surrienfi pofuerat An-
no Chrifti 1274 ; Oxonium tranftulit, locu-
pletavit, & Mertonenfe Collegium dixit ;
ftatimque Gulielmus Archidiaconus Dunel-
menfis, opus illud Alfredi, quod Univerfitatis
nunc vocant Collegium, novis operlbus ref-
tauravit ; Edvvardi I. Angliae rege regnante,
Joannes Belliolus rex Scotiae, vel ut alii vo-
lunt ejus parentes, Belliolenfe Collegium fun-
darunt; fub Edvvardo TI. Anglorum rege
Gualterus Stepletonus Epifcopus Exonienfis,
Exonienfe Collegium, Aulamque Cervinam ;
& ipfe Rex hunc imitatus. Collegium Re-
gium, vulgo Orial, & Aulam S. Marian po-
f'uit ; poftea Philippa regina, Edvvardi III,
Angliae regis uxor, Collegium Reginse, five
Reginale, ut vocant ; et Simon Iflep, Archi-
Epifcopus Cantuarienfis, Cantuarienfe Colle-
gium extruxit ; Gulielmus Wiccamus Epif-
copus Wintonienfis Collegium magnificum,
quod Novum dicitur, excitavit ; Collegium
Marine Magdalenac Gulielmus Wainflcttus
Epifcopus
HENTZNER's Travels. 6i
In the reign of Henry III. Walter Merton
Bifhop of Rochefter removed the College
he had founded in Surry, 1274, to Oxford,
enriched it, and named it Merton College ;
iind foon after William Arch-deacon of Dur^
ham reftored v\^ith additions that building of
Alfred's, now called Univerfity College ; in
the reign of Edward I. John Baliol king of
Scotland, or as fome will have it his Parents,
founded Baliol College ; in the reign of Ed-
ward 11. Walter Stapleton Bifhop of Exeter
founded Exeter College, and Hart-hall ; and
in imitation of him, the King, King's Col-
lege, commonly called Oriel, and St. Mary's
Hall 5 next Philippa, wife of Edward III.
built Queen's College ; and Simon Iflip
Arch-bifhop of Canterbury', Canterbury
College ; William Wickham Bifhop of
Winchefter raifed that magnificent Struc-
ture called New College ; Magdalen College
was built by William Wainfiet Bifhop of
S Winchefter,
62 HENTZNERI Itinerarium,
Epifcopus Wintonlenfis erexit, quod opere
eximkim, fitu percommodum, & ambulacris
admodum amcenum eft ; eodemque tempore
Humfredus Dux Gloceftriae bonarum Ikera-
rum admirator rrraxrmus, fcholam Theologi-
carti magnifice extruxit, & in ejus iuperiorf
parte Bibllothecam inftituit, centumque viginti
novem feleiSfciilimis libris, quos magnis impen-
fis ex Italia comparavit, exornavit, fed hos
quorundam privata avaritia publico ufui jam-
pridem invldit : Collegium Lincolnienfe ;. Col-
legium omnium animarum ; Collegium D.
Bernhardi ; Collegium -^nei Nafi a Gulrelmo
Smith Epifcopo Lincotnienfi, regnante Flenri-
co VII. Anglorum rege, conditum, Sc ab
Alexandre Novvello S. Pauli Londini Decano
proventibus au»5lum ; fupra portam hujus Col-
legii ^neus Nafus eft affixus ; Collegium
'Corporis Chrifti a Richardo Fox Epifcopo
Wintonrenfi aedificatum, fub cujus effigie in
Sacello Collegii hi legunturverficuli :
Clarus Wintoniae Praeful cognomine Foxus,
Qiii prius hoc olini nobile ftruxit opus.
Talis erat forma, talis dum vixit ami6l:u,
Qualcm fpedanti picla tabella refert.
HENTZNER's Travels. 62
Winchefter, a noble edifice, finely fituated,
and delightful for it's walks : At the fame
time Humphrey Duke of Gloucefter, that
great encourager of Learning, built the Di-
vinity School very fplcndidly, and over it a
Uribrary, to which he gave an hundred and
twenty-nine very choice books, purchafed at
a great price from Italy, but the public has
long fince been robbed of the ufe of them
by the avarice of particulars : Lincoln Col-
lege ; All-Souls College ; St. Bernard's Col-
lege; Brazen-Nofe College, founded by
William Smith, Bifhop of Lincoln, in the
reign of Henry VIL it's revenues were aug-^
mented by Alexander Nowell, Dean of St,
Paul's, London ; upon the gate of this Coir
lege is fixed a Nofe of brafs: Corpus Chrifti
College built by Richard Fox Bifhop of
Winchefler, under his picSure in the College
Chapel are lines importing that it is the exadj:
reprcfentation of his perfon and drefs^
S? Chrifl's
63 HENTZNERI Itinerarium,
Collegium QirifH Thomas Wolfaeus,
Cardinalis Eboracenfis, ubi Fridefwidae Mo-
nafterium erat, omnium ampliffimum &
elegantiflimum inchoavit, quod Henricus
VIII. Angliae rex, adiun(So Cantuarienfi
Collegio, magnis redditibus ditavit, Sc ^dem
Chrifli dixit : PotentiiTimufque item princeps
pecuni^ e fuo serario dcpromta, ad oppidi
dignitatem Epifcopum & ad Academiae oraa-
mentum publicos Profcflbrey iiiftituit.
Collegium Jefa ab Hugone Prlfo, Legum
Do^lOI'c, exaedificatum.
Maria etiam Rcgina Publicas Scholas belle
a fundamentis aedificavit, et variis infcriptioni-
bus decoravit.
Ha61-enus de Collegiis & Aulis, quae ele-
ganti ftru6tura, opimis redditibus, & inftruc-
tis Bibliothecis ita florent, ut reliquas or bis
Chriftiani Academias fuperent omnes. Nunc
^e. perfonis Academicii) ibi viveiitibus pauca
lubjicienda.
Studfofi
HENTZNER's Travels. 63
Chrift's Church, the largeft and moft
elegant of them all, was begun on the ground
of St. Fridefwide's Monaftery by Thomas
Wolfey Cardinal of York ; to which Henry
VIII. joined Canterbury College, fettled
great revenues upon it, and named it Ch rift's
Church : The fame great Prince, out of his
own treafury, to the dignity of the town,
and ornament of the univerfity, made the
one a Bifhoprick, and inftituted Profeflbr-
fliips inthe other,
Jefus College, built by Hugh Price Doc-
tor of Laws.
That fine edifice, The Public Schools,
was entirely raifed by Queen Mary, and
adorned with various infcriptions.
Thus far of the Colleges and Halls, which
for the beauty of their buildings, their rich
endowments, and copious Libraries, excel!
all the Academies in the Chriftian world.
We fliall add a little of the Academies them-
felves, and thofe that inhabit them.
Thefe
64 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Stucnofi vitam fere Monaflic^m clegunt ;
ficut enim in Monafteriis olim Monachi nul-
Jis aliis rebus erant intenti 5c occupati, quam
lit ftdtis horis, precibus ad Deum fufis, re-
llquum tempus bonis artibiis, & ftudiis ho-
neftis impenderent, ita & hos facere oportet.
Dividuntur porro in tres Menlas : Ad pri-
inam, quae Sociorum Menfa dicitur, admit-
tuntur Comites, Barones, Nobiles, Do6tores
.& Magiilri, kd horum pauciffimi, latiufque
& libcralius quam reliqui tra<5lantur 5 Secun-
da Menfa eft Magiftrorum, Baccalaureorum,
nobilium quoque & Civium honoratiorum ;
Tertia Plebeiorum, & inferioris conditionis
hominum. Dum reliqui prandent vcl coenant,
quod fit in coenaculo fatis amplo, ubi omnes
iimul congregantur, quidam ex ftudiofis in
facris Bibllis legit, quae pulpito in centro fere
cosnaculi collocato funt jmpofita, atque hoc
ledlurre onus fubire folent ftudiofi omncs vici-
"bus alternis ; Gratiis, fumto prandio, vel
ccena abfoluta, aftis, quilibet in fuum Mu-
feum vel cubiculum fe confert, aut in hortos
^djunftos exfpatiatur, quos ad omnia Colle-
' gia
HENTZNER's Travels. 64.
Thefe Students lead a life almoft Monaflic ;
for as the Monks had nothing in the world
to do, but when they had faid their prayers
at ftated hours, to employ themfelves in in-
ftru6liv^e ftudies, no more have thefe. They
are divided into three Tables : The firft is
called the Fellows Table, to which are ad-
mitted Earls, Barons, Gentlemen, Doftors,
and Maftcrs of Arts, but very few of the
latter ; this is more plentifully and expenfive-
ly ferved than the others : The Second is for
Mafters of Arts, Bachelors, fome Gentle-
men, and eminent Citizens : The Third for
people of low condition. While the reft are
at dinner or fupper in a great Hall, where
they are all aflembled, one of the Students
reads aloud the Bible, w^hich is placed on a
defk in the middle of the Hall, and this
office every one of them takes upon himfelf
in his turn ; as foon as Grace is faid after
each meal, every one is at liberty, either to
retire to his own chambers, or to walk m
the College garden, there being none that
r€5 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
gia habent amceniifimos. Veftitus cum Je-
ruitariim ferme congruit, etenim togis fuiit
induti longis ad talos ufque demiilis, aliquan-
do pellibus fufFultis, pileos gerunt quadran-
gulares ; Dodores vero, Maglftri, & illi,
qui Praeceptorum aut Profefforum munere
funguntur, peculiaribus utuntur togis, ut a
reliquis dignofcantur : Ad Bibliothecam irt
unoquoque Collegio quilibet Studiolus pro-
veclioris aetatis habet clavem.
Confpiciuntur in angulo quodam oppidi ru-
dera arcis fatis ampla^, fed penitus dirut^.
In coena fuimus excepti mufica excellentif-
fima, variis & diverfis ex inftrumentis con-
cinnata.
Poflridie exfpatiati fumus ad Arcem Regiam
WooDSTOCKE, ubi Ethelredus Anglia* rex
olim Ordinum conventum habuit & leo-es
o
tulit. Eft haec arx magnificentiae plena, ab
Henrico I. Angliae rege conftrucla ; qui etiam
vivarium ampliilimum, faxeo muro cindlum,
adjunxit, quod primum in Anglia vivarium
fuifle
HENTZNER's Travels. 6j
has not a delightful one< Their habit is al-
moft the fame as that of the Jefuits, their
gowns reaching down to their ancles, fome-
times lined v/ith furr; they wear fquare caps ;
the Doftors, Mafters of Arts, and ProfefTors,
have another kind of gown that diflinguiflies
them : Every Student of any confiderable
ftanding has a key to the College Library,
for no College is without one.
In an out part of the town are the remains
of a pretty large fortification, but quite in
ruins. We were entertained at fupper with
an excellent concert, compofed of variety of
inflruments.
The next day we went as far as the Royal
Palace of Woodstock, where king Ethel-
red formerly held a Parliament, and enacted
certain Laws. This palace abounding in
magnificence was built by Henry L to which
he joined a very large park, enclofed with a
T wall.
66 HENTZNERI IriNERARitrM.
fuffle fcribJt Joannes Roflus. In hac ipfa arce
regrna Anglrae Elifabetha, quae nunc rerum po-
titur^ antequam Turn Londinenfi includere-
tur, a Maria, forore captiva fuit detenta, quae
cum in maximo vit^e verfaretur difcrimlne,
carbone rithmos quofdam Anglicos a fe com-
pofttos feneftrse ligneas propria manu infcrip-
fit, quorum fenfus in fubfequentibus verficu-
lis utcunque videtur expreflus :
O Fort UNA ! tuum jemper 'variahile numen
Implevit curis animum mordacihus agrum ;
Career hie eji tejlh^ qui gaud'ia eunSia removit'^^
Sap} tetris miferos tenfajii fohere vinells :
Et fervare tihi innocuos jujiijjima cur a.
Sed tamen i?ide ttto fallaci fidere vento
Nulli eonfultum puto ; nam mutarrs in horas ;
TTandem fova Fatery qm fervantijjimm aquiy
Et fcelerumvindex es jiifiusj tela ret imde
In im niijfay mcis inimieis lance repende
Mqud 'y fac videam prcpriis cpntraria vctis,
ELISABETHA Captiva.
A, D. M.D.LV,
Non;
HENTZNER's Travels. . 66,
wall, according to John Rofle the firft park
in England, In this very palace the prefent
reigning queen Elizabeth, before fhe vi^as
confined to the Tower, was kept prifoner
by her fifter Mary; while flie was detain-
ed here in the utmoft peril of her life, fhe
wrote with a piece of charcoal the follow-
ing verfes, compofed by herfelf, upon a win-
dow-fhutter :
O Fortune ! how thy refllefs waverhig Jlate
Hath fraught with cares my troubled wit !
JVitnefs this prefeiit prifon whither Fate
Hath horn incy and the joys I quit.
Thou caufedeji the guilty to be loofed
From bandsy wherewith are innocents inclofed\
Caujing the guiltlefs to bejirait referved^
And freeing thofe that death had well defer ved :
But by her envy can be nothing wrought^
So God fend to my foes all they have thought,
ELIZABETH Prisgnter.
/f. D. U,D.LV.
T 2 Not
6; HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Non procul ab hac arce videntur rudera
nedium, cum fonte fcaturientis aquae puriflimo,
Rolamundae ClifFordlae, quam Henricus II.
rex Anglire propter eximiam & liberalem for-
mam adeo deperiit, ut ejus pulchritudo omnes
alias ex ipfius animo deleret mulleres ; quae
tandem enecata fuIlTe dicltur veneno a regis
uxore. Tumuli reliquiae ex lapide, charac-
teribus pene corruptis, (unt hse :
****** * * * * * * * Adorent
Utque tibi detur requies Roiamunda precamur.
Monachus quidam hoc rilhmicum ci fecit
epitaphium :
Hie jacet in tumbdRofa mundi non Rofamunda,
Non redolet fed olct, quae redolcre folet.
Reverfi hinc Oxonium, a prandio iter nof-
trum ulterius fumus profecuti, & New-
helm, Arcem Regiam, in qua pauperes ex
regia liberalitate fuflentantur, tranfivimus.
NiTTKLBETT, pagUS.
Henley,
HENTZNER's Travels. 67
Not far from this palace are to be {gcti
near a fprlrig of the brighteft water the
ruins of the habitation of Rofamond ClifFord,
whofe exqulfite beauty fo entirely captivated
the heart of kino; Henrv II. that he loft the
thought of all other women ; fhe is faid
to have been poifoned at laft by the Queen.
All that remains of her tomb of ftone, the
letters of which are almoft worn out, is the
line on the oppofite page. * * * *
The rhiming epitaph, following likev/ife
on the oppofite fide, was probably the per-
formance of fome monk.
Returning from hence to Oxford, after
dinner we proceeded on our journev, and
paffcd through Ewhelme, a Royal Palace,
in which fome alms-people are fupported by
an allowance from the crown.
Nettlebed, a village.
We
68 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Henley, oppidulum tranfivimus ; hie
colles Chilternici per pet uo dorfo in Aquilo-
nem procurrunt, & Oxonienfem agrum a
Buchinghamienfi difterminant.
Madenhood, vicum tranfivimus.
ViNDESORiUM, vulgo ViNsoRE, Regium
in Anglia Caflrum, Arturi regis tempore pri^
ma fundatione conftruftum putatur, ac de-
inde ab Edvvardo TIL multis aedificiis adauc-
tum, fitu gaudet peramoeno, ut certe amoenio-
rem fedes regia vix habere poffit. Clemen-
ter enimex aedito colle jueundiffimo in agrum
planum atque compafcuum fruitur confpeiSu ;
a fronte vallem defpeclat longe lateque pro-
currentem, arvis • diftin6lam, pratis viridan-
tcm, nemoribus hinc inde veftitam, & placid
difiimo Thamefi irriguam ; a tergo, colles
paflim afTurgunt, nee afperi nee praealti,
faltibus coronati, & venationi a Natura ipfa
quafi dicati.
Hac
HENTZNER^s Travels. 68
We went through the little town of Hen-
ley j from hence the Chiltern hills bear
North in a continued ridge, and divide the
counties of Oxford and Buckingham,
We pafied Maidenhead.
Windsor, a Royal Caftle, fuppofed to
have been begun by king Arthur, it's buildings
much encreafed by Edward III. The fitua-
tion is entirely worthy of being a royal re-
fidence, a more beautiful being fcarce to be
found : For from the brow of a gentle rifing
it enjoys the profpecl of an even and green
country j it's front commands a valley ex-
tended every way, and chequered with arable
lands and pafturage, cloathed up and down
with groves, and watered by that gentleft
of rivers the Thames; behind rife feveral
hills, but neither fteep, nor very high, crown-
ed with woods, and feeming defigned by
Nature herfelf for the purpofe of hunting.
The
69 HENTZNERI Itij^erarium.
Hac loci amoenltate pelle6ll reges faepiilime
hue fecedunt ; et hie ad Galliam vincendani
liatus eft Edvvardus III. Angliae rex potentifli-
mus, qui hoc Caftrum quafi urbis aemulum,
foilis & propugnaculis ex quadrato faxo muni-
tifHmum de integro conftruxit, ftatimque de-
bellato Gallo & Scoto^ Joannem regem Gal-
liae, & Davidem Scotise in hoc captivos
uno eodemque tempore detinuit. Porro Caf-
trum hoc praeter regiam fedem, & magnifica
regum fepulchra, Garretteriorum fodah'um
caeremonid celeberrimum eft -, haec autem
Equeftris focietas ab Edvvardo III. qui a
Joanne Gallorum rege capto fpeciofiflime
triumphavit, eft inftituta. Sunt vero Garet-
terii Equites bellied virtute vetuftatequc na^
talium ledifTimi duces, qui folemni facramen^^
to adadli, mutuse perpetuaeque amieiti^, fe
devovent, nee ad tuendum collegii decus no-
bili confpiratione quodvis periculum ad ire, nee
fubire mortem recufant; Garetterii autem
Sodales ob id appellantur, quod finiftri cruris
furam fibulato baltheolo, vel caeruled perif-
celide.
HENTZKTER's Travels. 6g
The kings of England, invited by the deli-
cioufnefs of the place, very often retire hither ;
and here was iDorn the conqueror of France,
the glorious king Edward III. who built the
Caftle new from the ground, and throughly
fortified it with trenches, and towers of fquare
ftone, and having foon after fubdued in
battle John king of France, and David king
of Scotland, he detained them both prifoners
here at the fame time. This Caftle bcfides
being the royal palace, and having fome
rtiagnificent tombs of the kings of England,
fs famous for the ceremonies belonging to
the Knights of the Garter ; this Order was
inftituted by Edward III. the fame who tri-
umphed fo illuftrioufly over John king of
France. The Knights of the Garter are
ftriiSUy chofen for their military virtues, and
antiquity of family: They are bound by
folemn oath and vow to mutual and perpe-
tual friendfhip among themfelves, and to the
not avoiding any danger whatever, or even
death itfelf, to fupport by their joint endea-
vours the honour of the Society : They are
U ftiled.
70 HENTZNERI Itinerarium,
celide, unde & Equcftris Perlfcelidls Ordo
dicitur, aureis litteris Gallice infcripta ;
HONI SOIT qui MAL II PENSE, hoc eft,
Ignomima afficiatur^ qui male cogitat : Sinif-
tram tibiain fubftringunt, in memoriam cali-
gariae fafciolae, quae iiluftri Foeminae, ab Ed-
vvardo flagranter adamatae, dum ea choream
faltaret, foluto forte nodo deciderat, eamque
rex i[>fe repente fuftulerat, ut in honorem
mulierls, non amatoria vanitate, fed gravi &
maxime honefta ratione, infignium procerum
tibiis dicaretur. Ejus autem Collegii caere-
monia Vindeforii quotannis, ftato die D»
Georgio Cappadoci Equitum tutelari dedi-
cate, praefidente Rege, celebratur, mofque
eft, ut Sodales galeam & fcutum, cumgen-
tilitiis infignibus, confpicuo templi loco, fuf-
pendant,
Tres- prsecipuas areas latas & amplas Caf-
trum hoc Vindiforium, non fine grata fpec-
tantium voluptate oftentat : Quarum priori
nitidiHimis ex candido faxo, fuperne planis,
plumboque contedlis sedifieiis cinda, Garet-
teriis
' HENTZNER's Travels. 70
ffiled, Companions of the Garter, from their
wearing below the left knee a purple garter,
infcribed in letters of gold, with HoNi soiT
QUI MAX Y PENSE, i, e. Evil to hm that
Evil thinks : This they wear upon the left leg,
in memory of one which happening to un-
tie, was let fall by a great Lady, pafTionately
beloved by Edward, while fhe was dancing,
and was immediately fnatched up by the king ;
who to do honour to the lady, not out of any
trifling galantry, but with a moft ferious and
honourable purpofe, dedicated it to the
legs of the moft diftinguifhed nobility. The
ceremonies of this Society are celebrated
every year at Windfor on St. George's day,
the tutelar Saint of the Order, the King
prefiding ; and the cuftom is, that the
Knights Companions fhould hang up their
helmet and iheild, with their arms blazoned
on it, in fome confpicuous part of the Church.
There are three principal and very large
courts in Windfor Caftle, which give great
pleafure to the beholders : The firft is en-
clofed with moft elegant buildings of white
U 2 ftone
71 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
teriis Equltibus hofpitia praebet ; habetquc
infularem in medio domum, praecelfa Turri
conrpicuam, quam Gubernator Praefedlufque
Caftri inhabjtat ; in ea publica eft culina,
fuppelle6tili rcburquc culinariis atque domef-
ticis iiiftrufta. Si fpaciofurn triclinium, in quo
Equites communi quotidie menfa utuntur.
Ad hanc autem Garetteriam focietatem Angliae
rex & Gubernator idoneas pro voluntate
fua perfonas dcligit ; quas nobili ex parentela
tertio propinqujtati? gradu efTc oportet, qui-
que ob grav^iorem aetatem, reique famiiiaris
anguiHas, precibus Deo ofFcrendis, quam
bellicis tumultibus magii^ habentvir idonei ;
fingulis penfionis annuae xviii. librae denarii
V. aflignantur, & veftis 5 hujus autem tarn
magnificae fundationis praecipuum inftitutum
eft, ut pro incolurpitate regis, & pro felici ad-
miniftratione regni, quotidianas ad Deum
preccs fundant; hinc rebus divinis vacant, &
bis quotidie ad Sacellum, orationis gratia con-
yeniunt : Haec ctiam area ad laevam magni-
fied ftru{Sl:ura exornatur, Sacello pcraugufto
ex XXIV, paflu3 longo, & xvi. lato ; in quo
pro Equitum numero xviii. Subfellja a
temporibus
HENTZNER's Travels. 71
ftonc, flat roofed, and covered with lead ;
here the Knights of the Garter are lodged ;
in the middle is a detached houfe, remark-
able for its high tower, which the governor
inhabits. In this is the. public kitchen, well
furniflied with proper utenfils, befides a fpa-
cious dining-room, where all the poor Knights
cat at the fame table, for into this fociety of
the Garter, the King and Sovereign elects,
at his own choice, certain perfons who muft
be gentlemen of three defcents, and fuch as
for their age and the ftraitnefs of their for-
tunes, are fitter for faying their prayers, than
for the fervice of war y to each of them is
afligned a penfion of eighteen pounds per.
annum and cloaths ; the cheif inflitution of
fo magnificent a foundation is, that they
fhould fay their daily prayers to God for the
King's fafety, and the happy adminiftration
of the Kingdom, to which purpofe they at-
tend the fervice, meeting twice every day at
Chapel. The left fide of this court is orna-
mented by a rriofl- magnificent Chapel of
one hundred and thirty-four paces in length,
and' fixteen in breadth 5 in this are eighteen
feats
72 HENTZNERI Itinerarwm.
temporibus Edvvardi III. parata habentur.
Eftque asdicula hrec facra magiiificis regum
monumentis decorata Edvvardi IV. Hen-
rici VI. Sc VIII. ejufque conjugis reginae
Jcannae. Sacellum hoc regia liberalitatc do-
tatum 2000 libras annuatim habet, qui qui-
dem proventus Edvvardi III. & Hcnrici VII.
regum rhuhificentia plurimum funt adaucSli.
Caeterum in banc Perifcelidis ordinis focieta-
tem potentiflimi quique orbis Chriftiani
Principes cooptari inftar maximi honoris
duxerunt, & jam a prima inftitutione, in
hunc ordinem, qui e xxvi. Equitibus con-
ftat, reges adfcripti fuerunt plus minus xx.
prater Anglian reges, qui ejufdem Prefides
habentur, ut Duces & alii maximi nominis
taceantur plurimi.
In Choro Sacelli interiore videntur infig-
nia, gladii & vexilla xvi. fufpenfa, inter quae
funt Caroli V. & Rudolphi II. Imperatorum ;
Philippi Hifpaniarum ; Henrici III. Galli-
arum ; & Friderici 11. Daniae regum, iffc,
Cafimiri Palatini Comitis ad Rhenum, iffc.
aliprumque orbis Chriftiani Principum, qui
in
HENTZNER's Travels. 72
feats fitted up In the time of Edward III.
for an equal number of Knights : This ve-
nerable buildino; is decorated with the noble
monuments of Edward IV. Henry VI. and
VIIL and of his wife queen Jane. It re-
ceives from royal liberality the annual income
of two thoufand pounds, and that ftill much
encreafed by, the munificence of Edward III.
and Henry VII. The greateft Princes in
Chriftendom have taken it for the higheft
honour to be admitted into the Order of the
Garter; and fince it's firft inftitution about
twenty Kings, befides thofe of England,
who are the Sovereigns of it, not to mention
Dukes and perfons of the greateft figure, have
been of it. It confifts of twenty-fix Corn-*
panions.
In the inward Choir of the Chapel are
hung up fixteen coats of arms, fwords and
banners, among which, are thofe of Charles
V. and Rodolphus II. Emperors ; of Philip
of Spain ; Henry III. of France ; Frederic
11. of Denmark, i^c, of Cafimir CoUnt
Palatine of the Rhine ; and other Chriftian
Princes, who have been chofen into this Order,
In
;j HENTZNERI Itinerarii/m.
in hunc Perifcclidis Ordiriem funt coop-
tati.
In Choro pofteriore vel appendice hujus
Sacelli monftrabantur nobis praeparamenta
quasdam ad fepulchrum magnificentifTimum
Cardinalis Wolfaei poftea capite plexi ; funt in
ambitu viii. magnae column^e ex orichalco ;
proptus ad tumulum iv. in formam candela-
brorum fa6lae ; tumulus ipfe ex marmore
candido & nigro, iffc. quae omnia, uti fama
eft, in fepulturam reginae Elifabethae aflervan-
tur, fumtus in banc rem jam fa6li aeilimantur
ultra 60,000 auri libras. Confpicitur de-
inde in Sacello toga equeftris Edwardi IIL
item epitapbium Edwardi Finii Lincolniae
Comitis, Clintoniae & Saiae Baronis, inclyti
Perifcelidis Ordinis militis & fummi quondam
Admiralis.
Altera cditiore in loco Arcis Windeforii
Area validiflimis cin6la murris, turri & mag-
nificis aedificiis clara, vetus quondam Caftrum
fuit.
HENTZNER's Travels. 73
In the back Choir, or additional Chapel,
are fhewn preparations made by Cardinal
Wolfey, who was afterw^ards * capitally
punifhcd, for his own tomb ; confiding of
eight large brazen columns placed round it,
arid nearer the tomb four others in the (hape
of candlefticks, the tomb itfelf is of white
and black marble ; all which are referveJ
according to report for the funeral of queen
Elizabeth, the expences already made for that
purpofe are eftimated at upwards of 60,000 /.
In the fame Chapel is the furcoat f of Ed-
ward IIL and the tomb of Edward Fines Earl
of Lincoln, Baron Clinton and Say, Knight
of the moft noble Order of the Garter, and
formerly Lord High Admiral of England.
* This was a Jlrange blunder to be made fa
near the timej about fo remarkable a perfon^ un-^
lefs he concluded that whoever dlfpleafed Hemy
VIIL was of courfe put to death,
\ This is a mifiake ; it was the furcoat of Ed-
ward IV* enriched with rubies^ and was pre^
Jerved hen till the civil war.
X The
74 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
fuitj de quo hunc In modum veterum an-
nales : Anno Domini 1359, rex Edvvardus
incepit novum aedificium in Caftello de Win-
defore, ubi natus fuerat, ob quam caufam
ilium locum amplioribus aedificiis & fplendi-
dioribus decorare prse caeteris procuravit. In
hac Caftri regione Joannes Galliae rex, &
David rex Scotlae^ de quibus uno eodemque
tempore Edvvardus III. magnifice triumph-
avit, tenebantur captivi ; quorum confilio,
ob jucundam loci amoenitatem, & fumtibus
ob fui redemptionem hoc Caftrum in earn
magnificentiam paulatim excrevit, ut non-
arx, fed juftae magnitudinis & humanis prae-
fidiis inexpugnabile oppidum videatur. Et
haec quidem Caftri regio, folius Scotias regis^
unica excepta Turri, fumtibus conftrufta eft^
quam quia Wincheftorlae Epifcopus Soda-
litii equeftris Praelatus condldit, Wirichef-
trise Turrim appellitant. Haec gradus ha-
bet c. ea oplficum induftria perfecStos, ut
facilem equis afcenfum praebeant ; cl. paf*
•fus in ambitu continet. In ei omne armo^
rum
HENTZNER's Travels, 74
The fecond Court of Windfor Caftle
ftands upon higher ground, and is enclofed
with walls of great ftrength, and beautified
with fine buildings, and a Tower ; it was an
antient Caftle, of which old annals fpeak in
,thjs manner; King Edward, A. D. 1359,
began a new building in that part of the
Caftle of Windfor where he was born, for
which reafon he took care it fhould be de-
corated with larger and finer edifices than the
reft ; in this part were kept prifoners John
king of France, and David king of Scots,
over whom Edward triumphed at one and th^
fame time : It was by their advice, ftruc|c
with the advantage of it's fituation, an^
with the fums paid for their ranfom, that
by degrees this Caftle ftretched tp fuch mag-
nificence, as to appear np longer a fortrefs,
but a town of proper extent, and inexpugna-
ble to any human force ; this particular part
of the Caftle was built at the fole expence of
the king of Scotland, except one Tow^r^
which from it's having been erefted by the
Bifliop of Winchefter, Prelate of the Order,
X 2 is
75 HENTZNERI iTiKr.RARiuM.
rum genus, ad arcis defenfionem neceflarium,
affervatur.
Tertia demum celcbernmi Windeforii
Caflri area longe amplIiTima, captlvi Gallo-
rum regis impenrarum fumtiblus adificata,
ut editlore fitu, ita elegahtia atque nitore
priores longe fuperat ; ea cxlviii. paffuum
longitudine, & xcvii. pafUbus In latum
protenditur ; in medio fontem limpidifTmiae
aqucT?, per occultos terrae ineatu?, quatuor
milliarium fpatio, maximis fumtibus deduc-
tum, oftcntatj fumtuofiflimis infiiper a^difi-
ciis claula, qua orlentem fpe^flat, regiae
nobilitati tefta praebet ; meridiem verfus
Sphasriflerium habet aullcae recrcationi def-
tinatum j Septentrlonale vcro latus decenter
exornat domus regia, magnificis coenaculis,
aulis & hypocauftis, privatoquc Sacello, cu-
]us concameratio fuperior rofis & liliis deau-
ratis eft diftincla ; in eo quoque amplifli-
ma iila ccenatio conipicitur lxxviii. pafius
longa,
HENTZNER's Travels. 75
is called Winchefler Tower *, there are a hun-
dred fteps to it, fo ingenioufly contrived, that
horfes can eafily afcend them ; it Is an hundred
and fifty paces in circuit ; within it are preferv-
ed all manner of arms neceflary for the de-
fence of the place.
The third Court is much the largcil of any,
built at the expence of the captive king of
France ; as it ftands higher, fo it greatly ex-
cels the two former in fplendor and elegance ;
it has one hundred and forty-eight paces in
length, and ninety-feven in breadth ; in the
middle of it is a fountain of very clear water,
brought under ground at an exceilive expence
from the diftanceof four miles : Towards the
Eaft are magnificent apartments deftined for
the royal houfhold ; towards the Wefl: is a
tennis-court for the amufement of the court;
on the North fide are the royal apartments,
confifting of magnificent chambers, halls, and
t bathing- rooms, and a private Chapel, the
* This is confoujided with the round tower,
t li ^^ not clear what the author means by hy-
pocauftis ; I have tranjlated it hathing-rooms -y it
might mean only chambers withjioves, roof
76 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
longa, lata vero xxx. in qua folemni &
peringenti facrorum }3ompa, annuam D.
Georgii tutelaris memoriam Garetterii E-
quites celebrant.
Inde CCCLXXX. pafllis longa, feptem ve-
ro lata ambulatio incredibili venuftate fe
oiFert fulcimentrs llgneis undequaque con-
fcpta, quae nobilibus magnificifque viris
fuftentacula praebet, ut inde venationes, &
falconum aucupia in area admodum lata
confpiciant ; nam prata ac pafcua vario her-
barum ac florum gencre veftita, peren-
ni viriditate collibus ad Caftrum ufque leni-
ter intumefcunt, deinde in iibratam plani-
tlcm, maxima fpecSantium voluptate, kk
oftcndunt.
Praeter jam commemorata, notatu quoque
digna funt ; i. hypocaufta duo fpeculis con-
ftrata, & incruftata ; 2. cubiculum in quo
* natus eft Hcnricus VI. Angliae rex 5 3. cu-
biculum
HENTZNER's Travels- 76
roof of which is embellifhed with golden
rofes and fleurs de lis ; in this too is that very-
large banquetting-room, feventy-eight paces
long, and thirty wide, in which the Knights
of the Garter annually celebrate the memory
of their tutelar faint, St. George, with a
folemn and moil pompous fervice.
From hence runs a walk of incredible
beauty, three hundred and eighty paces in
length, fet round on every fide with fupporters
of wood, which fuftain a balcony, from
whence the nobility and perfons of diftinclion
can take the pleafure of feeing hunting and
hawking in a lawn of fufEcient fpace ; for the
fields and meadows clad with variety of plants
and flowers, fwell gradually into hills of per-
petual verdure quite up to the Caftle, and at
bottom ftretch out in an extended plain, that
ftrikes the beholders with delight.
Befides what has been already mentioned,
there are worthy of notice here two bathing"-
rooms, cieled and wainfcotted with looking-
glafs ; the chamber in which Henry VI. wa5
born J queen Elizabeth's bed-chamber, where
.is
77 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
biculum reginae Elifabethas, in quo menfa eft
marmore rubro candid is fibris afperfo ; 4. xyf-
tus figuris & emblematibus gypfo impreffis un-
dequaque ornatus ; 5. cubiculum, in quo
regii ledi cubiculares funt Henrici VII. &
uxoris ipfius, Edvvardi VI. Henrici VIII.
Annae Boleniae, qui omnes in longitudinem
& latitudinem xi. fere habent pedes, tapetig
auro & argento fulgentibus inftrati ; Elifa-
bethae quoque reginas le£tus variis tegumen-
tis, & ftragulis acu pi6lis adornatus, fed non
tarn longus & largus ut caeteri ; tapetum in
quo repraefentatur Clodoveus Gallias rex cum
Angelo florem liliorum ipfi porrigente, ut
CO pro infigniis uteretur ; etenim Gallias reges
antea tres in fcuto habebant bufones, in quo-
rum locum tria lilia aurei colons, in cam-
po cqeruleo, repofuerunt ; atque hoc tapetum
vetuftiiTimum regi Galliae ereptum effe dici-
tur, turn temporis, cum Angli Gallia poti-
rentur; monftrabatur hie inter caetera nobis
monocerotis cornu, in longitudine 8 2 fpi-
thamas excedens, valoris 100,000. librar-
auri; avis paradifi tres fpithamas longa,
tres vero digitos crafla, roftrum habens coeru-
leum.
HENTZNER's Travels. 77
is a table of red marble with white ftreaks ;
a gallery every where ornamented v/ith em-
blems and figures ; a chamber in which are
the royal beds of Henry VII. and his queen,
of Edward VI. of Henry VIIL and of Anne
Bullen, all of them eleven feet fquare, and
covered with quilts fhining with gold and fil-
ver ; queen Elizabeth's bed, v/ith curious
coverings of embroidery, but not quite fo long
or large as the others ; a piece of tapefliy, in
which is reprefented Clovis, king of France,
with an Angel prefenting to him the fleurs de
lis, to be born in his arms ; for before his time
the kings of France bore three toads in their
fneild, inftead of which they afterwards
placed three fleurs de lis on a blue field ; this
antique tapeftry is faid to have been taken from
a king of France, while the Englifli were
matters there. We were fliewn here among
other things the horn of a unicorn, of above
eight fpans and a half in length, valued at
above 10,000 A ; the bird of paradife, three
fpans long, three fingers broad, having a blue
bill of the length of half an inch, the upper
part of it's head yellow, the nether part
Y of
78 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
leum, fefqui artrculum digiti longum, fupe-
rior capitis pars colons lutei, inferior autem
optici ; inferius fub gula plumas utrinque ex-
ertae coloris fubrubei funt, quemadmodum
& In dorfb & reliquo corpore, alarum longitu-
do coloris lutei duplo maior eft ipfa ave, fu-
pra dorfum eminent juxta avis longitudinem
duae utrinque fibrae aut nervi, quorum extre-
mitas major fili craffioris formam habct, colo-
ris plumbei, & ad nigredinem vergentis, qui-
bus, cum pedibus careat, quiefcere volens ar-
boribus inhserere dicitur : Pulvinar a regina
Elifabetha artificiofiflime propria manu con-
textum.
E regione Vindiforii trans Thamefim, cu-
jus utraque ripa ponte ligneo hie conjungitur,
-^TONA cernitur, Collegium nitidum, & li-
terarum humaniorum celebre Gymnafium, ab
Henrico VI. conftruftum, in quo praeter Prae-
fe<aum, Socios viii. & Cantores, puerl fexa-
ginta gratuito aluntur : Grammaticam docen-
tur, & tamdiu in hoc gymnafio commorantur,
donee explorata ingeniorum fagacitate,, & fac-
to
HENTZNER's Travels. 78
^f a * * * * colour 1 5 a little lower from
either fide of it's throat ftick out fome redifh
feathers, as well as from it's back and the reft of
it's body ; it's wings of a yellow colour are
twice as long as the bird itfelf ; from it's back
grow out length ways two fibres or nerves,
bigger at their ends, but like a pretty ftrong
thread, of a leaden colour, inclining to black,
with which, as it has no fect^ it is faid to
faften itfelf to trees, when it wants to reft :
A cufhion moft curioufly wrought by queen
Elizabeth's own hands*
In the prccindls of Wind for, on the other
fide the Thames, both whofe banks are joined
by a bridge of wood, is Eton, a well built
College, and famous School for polite letters^
founded by Henry VI. where befides a Mafter,
eight Fellows and Chanters, fixty Boys are
maintained gratis : They are taught Gram-
mar, and remain in the fchool, till upon
trial made of their genius and progrefs in
t The original is optici ; // is impojjibje U
^uefs what colour he meant.
Y 2 ftudv.
79 MENTZNERI Itinerakium.
to in ftudiis progreflu in Academiam Canta-
brigienfem mittantur. >
Cum hinc ad diverforium noftrum revertere-
mur, foFtc fortuna incidimus in rujiicos fpici-
legla fua celebr antes ^ qui ultimam frugum vc-
hem floribus coronant, addita imagine fplcn-
dide veftita, qua Cererem forfitan fignificare
volentes, earn hinc inde movent, & magno
cum clamore viri juxta ac muiieres, fervi
atque ancillae currui infidcntcs per plateas
vociferantur, donee ad horreum deveniant :
- Agricorsfe fruges hie non in manipulos, uti
apudnos fieri confuevit, colligunt, fed ftatim,
quam primum refeci^t^ vel demeffe funt, ear-
ns imponunt, & in horrea fua convehunt.
Stanes, vicum tranfivimus.
Hamptok-Court, Arx Regia, ex coSth
lateribus a Thoma Wolfaeo Cardinale ad opes
fuas oflcntandas magnifice extrucSa, quae
quinque peramplas areas, cultiflimis aedificiis
cin£las, opere admodum fpeciofo includit :
Ad
HENTZNER's Travels. 79
ftudy, they are fent to the Univerfity of
Canibrido-e.
As we were returning to our inn, we hap-
pened to meet fome country people celebrating
their Harvejl-hoine ; their lafl: load of corn
they crown with flowers, having befides an
image richly drefled, by which perhaps they
would fignify Ceres, this they keep moving
about, while men and women, men and maid
fcrvants, riding through the flreets in the cart,
fhout as loud as they can till they arrive at the
barn : The farmers here do not bind up their
corn in fheaves, as they do with us, but di-
rc(5Wy as they have reaped or mowed it, put it
into carts, and convey it into their barns.
We went through the town of Staines.
Hampton-Court, a Royal Palace, mag-
nificently built with brick by Cardinal Wolfey
in oftentation of his wealth, where he en-
clofed five very ample courts, confifting of
noble edifices in very beautiful work : Over
the
8o HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Ad portam fecundae are^e eft aurea Rofa, cum
fymbolo Reginae, Diet; et mon Droist :
Ex altera parte, interiore nempe, hujus por-
tae, funt xii. imperatorum Romanorum
effigies ex gypfo. Area Ipfa primaria lapide
quadrato conftrata eft, in cujus centro fons
falientis aquae, corona deaurata ftatuae Juftitiae
fubpofita te6tus confpicitur, quam columnae
ex marmore albo & nigro fuftinent. Sacellum
arcis fplendidifTimum eft, in cujus fuperiori
parte Regia fedes tota tranfparet & pellucet
a feneftris criftallinls. Dedu6li fuimus in
, Cameras duas, quas pr^efentationem vel au-
. dientiae vpcant fplcndentes tapetis aureis, ar-
^enteis & fericis diverfi coloris; fub regio,
five majeftate ex margaritis hae voces erant
confutae j Vivat rex Henricus VIIL Eft ibi
quoque parvum Sacellum tapetis fplendide or-
natum, in quo Reglna facra tra6tare folet. In
cubiculo Reginae leilus preciofiilimis ftragu-
lis fericis crat coopertus : Non procul abhinc
vidimus Ic&um, cujus conopcea Anna Bolonia
. texuit, & Henrico VIII. Angli regi marito
ilio donavit. Omnia rcliqua conclavia, quo-
rum
.HENTZNER's Travels. So
the gate in the fecond area is the Queen's
device, a golden Rofe, with this motto,
DiEU ET MON Droit : On the inward
lide of this gate are the effigies of the twelve
Roman emperors in plaifter. The cheif area
is paved with fquare ftone, in it's center is a
fountain that throws up water, covered with
a gilt crown, on the top of which is a ftatue
of Juftice, fupported by columns of black
and white marble. The Chapel of this palace
is mod fplendid, in which the Queen's clofet
is quite tranfparent, having it's windovi^s of
chryftal. We were led into two chambers,
called the prefence, or chambers of audience,
which fhone with tapeftry of gold and filvcr
and fdk of different colours ; under the cano-
py of ftate are thefe words embroidered in
pearl, Vtvat Henricus Oclavus. Here is be-
fides a fmall Chapel richly hung with tapeftry,
where the Queen performs her devotions. In
her bed-chamber the bed was covered with very
coftly coverlids of filk : At no great diftance
from this room we were fhewn a bed, the
teaftef of which was worked by Anne Bullen^
and
8i HENTZNERI Itinerariua^.
rum funt plurima, tapetis artificiofifiime ex
holoferlco diverfi colons, auro & argento tex-
tis, quibus ex parte hiftoriae funt inipreffc, ex
parte habitus Turcici 5c Americani ad vivum
repraefentati, erant adornata.
In atrio hsec vifu digna :
' Speculum pellucidum, imagunculis & co-
lumn is ex alabaftrite fa6lis ornatum ; effigies
Edvvardi VI, regis Angliae fratris Elifabethab
reginae ; vera Lucretise effigies ; cum pugna
Papienfi depi(Sa ; hiftoria paffionis Chrifti ex
cochleis margaritarum fculpta ; vera Mariae
Stuartae Scotiae reginae fecuri percufTae, ejuf-
demque filiae imago i effigies Ferdinandi Prin-
cipis Hifpaniarum, Philippi filii ; & Henrici
VIII. Angliae regis, fub cujus pi<Sura Biblia
facra eleganter in membranam fcripta erant
collocata ; fphaera artificial is ; varia inftru-
menta mufica ; tapetia in quibus iEthiopes
elephantibus infidentes repraefentantur. Leftus
in quo natus perhlbetur Edvvardus VI. matrc
puerpera Semeria in eodcm morte extinfta ;
In
.HENTZNER's Travels. 8i
and prefented by her to her hufband Henry
VIII. All the other rooms, being very nu-
merous, are adorned with tapeftry of gold,
filver, and velvet, in fome of which were
woven hiflory pieces -, in others, Turkiih and
American dreffes, all extremely natural.
In the Hall axe thefe curiofities :
A very clear looking-glafs, ornamented with
columns and little images of alabafter ; a por-
trait of Edward VI. brother to queen Eliza-
beth ; the true portrait of Lucretia ; a pi6lure
of the battle of Pavia ; the hiftory of Chrift's
paflion, carved in mother of pearl j the por-
traits of Mary queen of Scots, who was be-
headed, and her * daughter j the picture of
Ferdinand Prince of Spain, and of Philip his
Son ; that of Henry VIII. under it was
placed the Bible curioufly written upon parch-
ment y an artificial fphere j feveral mufical in-
ftruments ; in the tapeftry are reprefentcd ne-
groes riding upon elephants. The bed in which
Edward VI. is faid to have been born, and
* Here are feveral mjlakes*
Z ' wher<?
82 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
In cubiculo quodam tapetia erant ditiffima,
quae parietibus affigi folent, quando legati pe-
i'egrini ad reginam admittuntur; multa ibi-
dem pulvinaria, auro & argento decorata, mul-
tae veftes ftraguLr, & tegumenta ledlorum,
pellibus ermelinis fuffulta ; omnia denique ta-
bulata per totam arcem auro et argento ful-
gentia. Porro eft quoddam in hac arce con-
clave, quod Paradifus appellatur, in quo prae-
terquam quod omnia & auro argento atque
gemmis ita refplendent, ut oculos hebetent,
eft inftrumentum muficum totum vitreum,
folis chordis aut fetis exceptis. IntroduiSi
poftea in hortos amcenlinmos, vidimus rofma-
rinum ita parietibus implantatum & applica-
tum, ut cos omnes pene contegeret, ^ftque
hsec rofmarini fruticis plantatio in Anglid fre-
quentifTima.
Kingston, vicusj-
Nonesuch aut Nonesutsch, ut nos
pronunciamus, Secefius Regius, quern mag-
nificentifTimus rex Henricus YIII. in loco
f^luberrimo, prius Cuddington dido, de-
litiis
HENTZNER's Travels. 8a
where his mother Jane Seymour died in child-
bed ; in one chamber were feveral excelGively
rich tapeftries, which are hung up when the
Queen gives audience to foreign ambafiadors ;
there were numbers of cufhions ornamented
with gold and filver ; many counterpanes and
coverlids of beds lined with ermine ; in fliort
all the walls of the palace fhine with gold and
filver. Here is befides a certain cabinet called.
Paradife, where befides that every thing glit-
ters ib with filver, gold and jewels, as to
da:izle one's eyes, there is a mufical inftru-
ment made all of glafs, except the firings.
Afterwards we were led into the gardens,
which are moft pleafant, here we favv rofemary
fo planted and nailed to the walls as to cover
them entirely, which is a method exceeding
common in England.
Kingston, a market town.
Nonesuch, a Royal Retreat, in a place
formerly called Cuddington, a very health-^
ful fituation, chofen by king Henry VIII. for
his pleafure and retirement, and built by him
Z 2 Wit^
8 J HENTZNERl Itinerarium.
litiis & otio fuo deftinavit, tantaque magnifi-^
ceiitia & elegantiii exftruxit, ut ad oftentationis
arcem afpiret ; & omnem architedonices peri-
tiani in uno hoc opere coacervatam exiftimes :
Tot.fuiit ubique fpirantia figna, tot abfolutac
artjs miracula & Romaiiae aiitiquitatis aemula
opera ex gy pfo afFabre favSla, ut optimo jure
hoc fuuni iiomeii habeat & tueatur, quod
Latlne ut nonnullis placet, Nulli fecunda,
ibnat, vel ut alius cecinit 5
Hanc^ quia non haheai fanilem^ laudare Britanni
ScEpe folent^ Nulllque parem^ cognoinine dicunt,
jEdes vero ipfas, fic circumcingunt vivaria,
damis rcferta, horti delicati, luci topiario
opcre exoriiati, areolae 5c ambulacra fic arbori-
bus obumbrata,. ut non aliam fibi fedem ipfa
Ammutas^ ubi cum Salubritate una cohabitet,
dekgifle videatur.
In hortis voluptuariis h artificialibus mul-
t.t funt columnae U pyramides marmoreae ;
fontes itidem lalientis -aquae duo, alter forma
rotunda,
HENTZNER's Travels. 8f
with an excefs of magnificence and elegance,
c\'en to oftentation ; one would imagine every
thing that archite£ture can perform to have-
been employed in this one v/ork : There are
every where fo many ftatues that feem to
breath, fo many miracles of ccnfummate art,
fo many cafts that rival even the pcrfe6tion of
Roman antiquity, that it may well claim and
juftify it's name of Noncfuch, being v/ithout
an equal ^ or as the Poet fung,
77;/i which no equal has in art or fame ^
Britons defervedly do Nonefuch name.
The palace itfelf is fo -encom.pafTed with
parks full of deer, delicious gardens, groves
ornamented with trellis work, cabinets of
verdure, and walks fo embrowned by trees,
that it feems to be a place pitched upon by
Pleafure herfelf, to dwell in along with
Health,
In the pleafure and artificial gardens arc
many columns and pyramids of marble, two
fountains that fpout water one round the other
like
«4 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
rotunda, alter pyramidis inftar, cui avieulae in-
cident aquam exfpuentes : In luco Dianae, in
quo fons artificialis eft vifu admodum jucun-
dus, Aftaeoa afperfione dearum in cervum
ti'anfnmtatur, additis infer iptionibus*
Videtur poftea alia quoque pyramis marmo-
rea, ex qua uiidiquaque fiftulae exeunt ; quafc
©bviantes afpergunt.
Reverfi hinc Londinum.
B R E V I s
A N G L I JE
D E S C R I P T I O.
BRITANNIA, quje hodie Anglia,
Sc Scotia duplici nomine appellator, Sc
duo in ie regna continet, totius noftri orbis in-
sula maxima eft, & oceano, mari Germanico
$c Gallico ambitur : Pars hujus maximae &
Auftralior
HENTZNER's Travels. 84
like a pyramid, upon which are perched fmall-
birds that ftream water out of their bills : In
the grove of Diana is a very agreeable foun-
tain, with Aclaeon turned into a ftag, as he
was fprinkled by the goddefs and her nymphs,
with infcriptions.
There is befides another pyramid of marble
full of concealed pipes, which fpirt upon all
who come within their reach.
Returned from hence to London'.
A Short
DESCRIPTION
O F
E N G L A N D*
BRITAIN, confifting of the two king-*,
doms of England and Scotland, i**
the largeft ifland in the world, encompafled.
by the ocean, the German and French feas ft#:
The largeft and Southern part of it is Eng-n
land;
85 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Auftralior nunc Anglia, ab Anglls^ qui tX
provlnciola regni Danix, quae hodie Angel
nuncupatur, progreffi earn occuparunt, fic de-
nominatae, proprium habet Regem, qui praster
Deum, fuperiorem non agnofcit. Divifa eft
regio in xxxix. Comitatus, quibus xiii. in
Wallla ^djunxit Henricus VIII. Anglic rex,
qui primus earn regionem in Comitatus dil-
tribuit : In hifce Comitatibus difficilioribu«
temporibus prgefedlus regius, quern Lieute-
nant vocant, ne quid detriment! capiat refpub-
lica, conftituitur. Singulis vero annis nobili*
quidarh ex incolis prseficitur, quern vice Co-
mitem, quafi Comitis vicarium vocant ; eju«
eft publicas pecunias provincial fuse conquirere,
mulctas irrogatas, vel captis pignoribus colli-
gere & aerario inferre ; Judicibus pr^efto adefle,
Sc eorum.mandata exequi 5 duodecim viros co-
gere, qui in caufis <le hS:o cognofcunt, & ad
Judices referunt ( Judices enim in Anglia
Juris folum, non favSli, junt Judices) condem-
natos ad fupplicium ducere & in minoribut
litibus cognofcere ; in majoribus autem jus
dicunt Juftitiarii, quos olim itinerantes, nune
Juftitiarios ad aftifas vocant, qui quotannis
HENTZNER's Travels. i^
land, fo named from the Angli, who quitting
the little territory yet called Angel in the
kingdom of Denmark, took pofTeflion here.
It is governed by it's own King, who owns no
fuperior but God. It is divided into 39
Counties, to which 13 in Wales were added
by Henry VIIL the firft who diftributed that
Principality into Counties ; over each of thefe
in times of danger a Lord Lieutenant, no-
minated by the King, prefides with an un-
limited power : Every year fome gentleman,
an inhabitant of the place, is appointed
Sheriff, his office is to colleft the public
monies, to raife fines, or to make feizures,
and account for it to the Treafury, to attend
upon the Judges, and put their fentence in exe-
cution, to em'pannel the Jury, who fit uppn
. fa6ls, and return their verdict to the Judges,
(who in England are only fuch of the Law,
and not of the Fa6t) to convey the condemn-
ed to execution, and to determine in lefler
caufes ; for the greater are tried by the Judges,
formerly called travelling Judges, now Judges
ef affize ; thefe go their circuits through the
A a Counties
86 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
hos Comitatus bis obeunt^ ut de cauflis cogriof-*
cant, & de incarceratis fententiam ferant. *
Quod ad Ecclefiafticam Jurifdlftlonem at-
tinet ; cum Romani Pontifices Ecclefias fingu-
las fingulis prefbyteris affignaflent, & paro-
chias eis divifiilent, Honorius Archiepifcopus
Cantuarienns, circa annum a falute reparata
636. Angliam primus in parochias diflribuere
cepit : Quemadmodum autem duas nunc
Anglia habet Provincias, fic Archiepifcopos
duos, Cantuarienfem nimirum, totius Angliae
Primatem & Metropolitanum ; & Eboracen-
fem ; quibus fubfunt xxv. Epifcopi ; Cantua-
rienfi xxii. Eboracenfi tres reliqui.
Terra eft frugifera, pecore maxime abun-
dans, quo fit, ut incolae quafi plures pecuarii,
quam aratores fmt ; quod magis ferme pabulo
quam arvo colendo ftudeant ; fic ut tertia pro-
pemodum terrae pas tantum pecori reli6la fit
inculta. Regio eft quocunque anni tempore
temperatilTima, atque caeli nulla gravitas, adeo
ut rari fiiit mcrbi, .& inde minor medicina? ufijs
quam alibi. Flumina hie admodum rara : So-
lum
HENTZNER's Travels. 86
Counties twice every year to hear caufes,
and pronounce fentence upon prifonejs.
As to Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiftion, after the
Popes had affigned a church and a parifh to
every Prieft, Honorius Archbifhop of Canter-
bury, about the year 636, began to divide
England in the fame manner into parifnes :
As it has two Provinces, fo it has two Arch-
bifhops, the one of Canterbury, Primate and
Metropolitan of all England, the other of
York ; fubjefl: to thefe are 25 Bifhops, viz.
22 to Canterbury, the remaining three to
York.
The foil is fruitful, and abounds with cattle,
which inclines the inhabitants rather to feed-
ing than ploughing, fo that near a third part
of the land is left uncultivated for grazing.
The climate is moft temperate at all times,
and the air never heavy, confequently maladies
are fcarcer, and lefs phyfic is ufed there than
any where elfe. There are but few rivers :
Though the foil is produ61:ive it bears no wine,
A a 2 bu)
87* HENTZNERI Itikerarium.
lum eft fecundum, fed vinum tellus non gig-
nit, verum aliunde nobiliilima vina important
tur, uti funt, Aurelianenfia, Gafconica, Rhe-
nana, Hifpanica. Cerevifia quae ex hordeo
coquitur maximo in ufu eft, optimique faporis,
fed fortis, & quae facile eos inebriat. Colles
paflim multi, nullis arboribus confiti, neque
aquarum fontibus irrigui, qui herbam tenuifu-
mam atque breviflimam producunt, quse tamen
ovibus abunde pabulum fuppcdiat ; per eos
ovium greges candidiflimi vagantur, quas five
cocli, feu bonitate terrae, niullia, Sc longe
omnium aliarum regionum tenuiflima fcrunt
veilera: Hoc vellus vere aureum eft, in quo
potiiUmum infulanorum divitiae confiftunt ;
nam magna Si auri & argenti copia a negotia-
toribus ejufmodi inprimis coemcndi mercis gra-
tia, in infulam quotannis importatur. Canes
prceftantiflimos habet. Fert aurum, argcntum,
ftannum, (ex quo vafa domeftica dii61:a apud
omnes Europaeos in menfarum ufu argenteis
fulgore comp^rantur) plumbum & ferrum, fed
ejus exigua copia : Equcs parvos, fed celeres
habct : Vitriari^e oiEcinae permultae.
HENTZNER's Travels. if
but that want is fupplied from abroad by the
beft kinds, as of Orleans, Gafcon, Rhenifh
and Spanifh. The general drink is beer,
which is prepared from barley, and is excel-
lently well tafted, but ftrong, and what foon
fuddles. There are many hills without one
tree, or any fpring, which produce a very
fhort and tender grafs, and fupply plenty of
food to fheep, upon thefe wander numerous
flocks, extremely white, and whether from
the temperature of the air, orgoodnefs of the
earth, bearing fofter and finer fleeces than
thofe of any other country : This is the true
Golden Fleece, in which confift the cheif
riches of the inhabitants, great fums of money
being brought into the ifland by merchants,
chiefly for that article of trade. The dogs
here are particularly good. It has mines of
gold, filver, and tin, (of which all manner o£
table utenfils are made, in brightnefs equal to
filver, and ufed all over Europe) of lead, and
of iron, but not much of the latter : The
horfes are fmall but fwift : Glafs-houfes arc iji
plenty here.
0/
88 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Z)^ MoRiBus ANGLORUM.
Sunt Angli graves ut Germani, magnifici
domi forifque, magna aflecSlantium famulorum
agmina fecum trahunt, quibus in finiftro brav
chio fcuta ex argento facSla appendant, & non
immerito vexaritur, illos caudas a tergo ha-
bere : In faltationibus & arte mufica excellunt ;
funt enim agiles & alacres, licet crafTiores cor-
poribus quam Galli ; mediam capitis partem
capillos detondent, utroque latere illaefo ; funt
boni nautae & infignes pyratae, aftuti, fallaces,
iz furaces ; Londini fmgulis annis, ultra 3^0,
iicuti vulgo fcrtur, fufpcnduntur ; decapitatio
minoris apud ipfos eft infamiae, quam ftrangu-
latio ; ire prope murum honoratior els locus ;
frequens falconum & accipitrum apud nobi-
les in venationibus ufus ; in edendo civiliores
Gallis, parcius utuntur pane, carnibus verp
largius, quas optime aflant ; in potum copiosq
immittunt faccarum; tegumenta le£lorum
funt tapctia, etiam apud rufticos ; laborant
frequenter
HENTZNER's Travels.
Of the Manners ^/ //^^ ENGLISH.
The Englifh are ferious like the Germans,
lovers of ihew ; liking to be followed where-
ever they go by whole troops of fervants,
who wear their mafters arms in filver, faftened
to their left arms, a ridicule they defervedly
lay under : They excell in dancing and mufic,
for they are a^live and lively, though of a
thicker make than the French ; they cut their
hair clofe on the middle of the head, letting
it grow on either fide ; they are good failors,
and better pyrates, cunning, treacherous, and
thievifh; above 30® are faid to be hanged
annually at London ; beheading with them
is lefs infamous than hanging ; they give the
wall as the place of honour ; hawking is the
general fport of the gentry ; they are more
polite in eating than the French, devouring
lefs bread, but more meat, which they roaft
in perfection ; they put a great deal of fugar
in their drink ; their beds are covered wuth
tapeftry, even thofe of farmers \ they are often
molefted
89 HENTZNEHI Itikerarium.
frequenter lepra, alba vulgo dicSla, quam pri-
mi; Normannorum temporibus in An2:]iam
irrepfilTe, fama eft ; in sedibus duas plaerun-
que conti<^nationes habent, excepto Londino,
iibi tres raro quatuor reperiuntur ; sedificant
ex ligno, vcl, qui lautioris funt fortunae,
ex coclis lateribus, tedia habent dcprelTiora,
qua:*, ditiores pi umbo tegunt.
Sunt potcntes in praeliis, undiquaque de-
bellant adverfarios, nullumque penitus patiun-
tur jugum fervitutis ; dele6lantur quoque vzldh
ibnitibus, qui ipfis aures implent, uti explo-
fionibus tormentorum, tympanis & campana-
rum boat.!, ita iit Londini multi qui fe in-
cbriavcrint turrem unam aut alteram, exer-
dtii caufa, afcendant, & per boras aliquot
campanis fignum dent. Si quern exterum,
egregid forma Si ftatura ornatum vident, do-
lore dicunt, ^4od non fit homo Anglicus,
vulgo Englishman.
FAMI-
HENTZNER's Travels. 89
molefted with the {curvy, faid to have £rft
crept into Englajld with^ the Noritian con-
quefl ; their houfes are commonly of two
ftories, except in London, where they are of
three and four, though but feldom of four ;
they arc built of Wood, thofe of the richer
fort with bricks, their roofs are low^, and
where the owner has money, covered with
lead.
They are powerful in the field, fuccefsful
againft their enemies, impatient of any thing
like flavery; vadly fond of great noifes that
fill the ear, fuch as the firing of cannon^
drums, and the ringing of bells, fo that it Is
common for a number of them, that have
got a glafs in their heads, to go up into fome
belfry, and ring the bells for hours together,
for the fake of exercife. If they fee a foreigner,
very -well made or particularly ijandforae,
they will fay, It is a pity he is ?iot an Ekg-
LISHMAN.
B b Thel
90 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
F A M I L I ^
ILLUSTRES IN
A N G L I A.
^ ^ ^-r^ H O M A S Howard, Dux Norfol-
A ciae, & Comes Surriae, haeredita-
rius Marefchallus Angliae ; Ducatus defit ob
perduellionem, ille capite 'auncAtus.
t Gray Dux SufFulciae, fublatus titulo fub
Maria-
t Phil. Howard, Comes Arundel, jure ma-
terno, & Surriae paterno, filius fuperioris
Ducis Norfolciae, damnatus laefse majeftati$
& amifit dignitates.
Edwardus Vere, Comes Oxonii, eft haere-
ditarius Camerarius Angliae.
* ^a defterunt f notavu
Percy
HENTZNER's Travei.s. 90
The Illustrious
FAMILIES OF ENGLAND
*^npHOMAS Howard, Duke of
A Norfolk, hereditary Marflial of
England ; the Dutchy is extinft for rebel-
ii6h, the laft Duke being beheaded.
t Grey Duke of Suffolk, attainted under
queen Mary.
f Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, in hi«
Mother's right, and of Surry by his Father,
Son of the above-mentioned Duke of Nor-
folk, he himfelf condemned for high-treafon,
and his titles forfeited.
Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford, hereditary
Chamberlain of England,
* Thofe marked with a f are extin^i^ or
forfeited,
B b 2 Percy
91 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Percy Conies Northumbriae, ortus a Du-
cibus Brabantias.
t Carolus Nevill, Comes Weftmerland,
exulat in Belgio, bonis & dignitate exutus ob
rebel lionem.
Talbott Comes Salopiae Anglicc, Shrerofbury,
Gi'ay Comes Cantii, exiguos habet reditus.
S lanley Gomes Derbije, & Regulus Mauaia?.
Mannors Comes Rutlandiae^
Somerfet Comes Worceflri je, ortus a fpurio
Sommerf : familrce, quae fiirps eft e regid
PI an tag in a tor um familid.
ClifFord Comes Cumberland.
Ratciiff Comes Safiexice.
Haftingus Comes Huntington, e familia
Eboracenfi per foeminam.
Bourchier Comes Bath.
« t Ambrcfms Sutton, alias Dudley, Comes
V/arvvici, obiit fine prole ante aliquot annos.
Wriothefly
HENTZNER's Travels. 91
Percy Earl of Northumberland, defcended
from the Dukes of Brabant.
t Charles Ncvill Earl of Weftmoreland,
ban idled into Holland, and deprived of his
fortunes and dignities for rebellion.
Talbot Earl of Shrewfbury.
Grey Earl of Kent, has but a fmall eftate.
Stanley Earl of Derby, and King of Man.
Maimers Earl of Rutland.
Somcrfet Earl of Worcefter, defcended
from a baftard of the Somerfet famib', which
itfelf is of the royal family of the Plantagenets.
CliiFord Earl of Cumberland.
RatclifF Earl of Sufl'ex.
Haftings Earl of Huntingdon, of the line
of York, by the Mother's fide.
Bourchier Earl of Bath,
t Ambrofe Sutton, alias Dudley, Earl of
Warwick, died a few years fuice childlefs.
Wriothe/ly
gx HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Wriotheily Comes Southampton.
Ruffel Comes Bedford.
Herbert Comes Pembroke.
t Edward us Seymour, Comes Hertford,
filius Duels Sommerfetti capite muldati fub
Edwardo VI.
t Robertus Sutton, vel Dudley, Comes
Leyceftriae, frater Warwicenfis, obiit ante
aliquot annos.
Robertus 4' Euvreux, Comes Effexius, &
Effuanus in Normandia, creatus hxreditarius
Marefchallus Angliae, 1598.
Carolus Howard, e familia Ducum Nor-
folciae, creatus Comes Notthingam 1597,
Anglise Ammiralleus, & Confdiarius Regius,
Fiefnes Comes Lincolnix.
Broune Vicecorncs Montlfacuti.
Howard, e familia Ducum Norfolciae, Vice-
comes Bindon.
Novil
HENTZNER's Travels. 92
Wriothefly Earl of Southampton.
Ruffel Earl of Bedford.
Herbert Earl of Pembroke.
t Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford,
Son of the Duke of Somerfet, who was be-
headed in the reio-n of Edward VI.
o
t Robert Sutton, or Dudley, Earl of
Leicefter, Brother of the Earl of Warwick^
died a few years ago,
Robert d' Evereux Earl of Eflex, and of
Ewe in Normandy, created hereditary Marfhal
of England, in 1598.
Charles Howard, of the Norfolk family,
created Earl of Nottingham 1597^ Lord
High Admiral of England, and privy Coun-
fellor.
Fiefnes Earl of Lincoln.
Brown Vifcount Montacute.
Howard, of the Norfolk family, Vifcount
Bindon.
Nevill
93 HENTZNERI rTiNERARiirM.
Nevill Aburgavcny Baro ; dc hac Biircnia
jam controvertitur.
Touchet Baro Audley,
Zouch Baro Zouch.
Peregrinus Berty, Baro Willoughby de
Erfby & Beake, PrsefeJlus Berv» ok.
Barckley Baro Barckley, ex antiqua fami-
lia regum Danias.
Parckcr Baro Marley.
t Dacre Baro Dacre de Gyllefland, va-
cat b?ec Baronia.
t Baro Dacre ad Aiiftrum, obi it ante
quatuor annos, Baronia ad filiam pervenit.
Brofze Baro Cobham, Guardianus quinquc
portuum.
Stafford Baro Stafford, ad inopiam redaftus,
hreres eft familiae Ducum Buckingbamei ; qui
ha?reditarii crant Conneftabilcs Angliae.
Gr^j Baro Gray, de Wilton.
Sorwpc
HENTZIsPER's Travels.. 93
Nevill Baron Abergavenny ; this Barony
is controverted.
Touchet Baron Audley.
Zouch Baron Zouch*
Peregrine Bertie Baron Willoughby of
Erefby and Brooke, Governor of Berwick.
Berkley Baron Berkley, of the antient fa-
mily of the kings of Denmark.
Parker Baron Morley.
t Dacre Baron Dacre of Gyllelland, this
Barony is vacant.
t Dacre Baron Dacre of the South, he
died four years fince, and the Barony devol-
ved to his daughter.
Brook Baron Cobham, Warden of the
einque-ports.
StaiFord Baron Stafford, reduced to want, he
is heir to the family of the Dukes of Bucking-
ham, who were hereditary Conftables of Eng-
land.
Gray Baron Gray of Wilton.
C c Scroop
94 HENTNERI Itinerarium.
Sorwpe Baro Sorwpe de Boulton.
Subton Baro Dudley.
Sturton Baro Stufton.
t Nevill Baro Latimer, obiit ante aliquot
annos fine niafculis hxredibus, de Baronii
controvertitur*
Lumley Baro Lumley.
Blunt Baro Montjoy.
Ogle Baro Ogle.
Darcy Baro Darcy.
Parcker Baro Mountegele, filius & hacrcs
Baronis Morley, banc Baroniam habet jure
matris e familla Stanley.
Sandes Buro Sandes.
Vaux Baro Vaux.
Windfor Baro Windfor.
Wentworth Baro Wentworth.
Borough
HENTZNER's Travels. 94.
Scroop Baron Scroop of Boulton,
Sutton Baron Dudley.
Stourton Baron Stourton.
t Nevill Baron Latimer, died fome years
fince without heirs male, the title contro-
verted.
Lumley Baron Lumley.
Blunt Baron Montjoy.
Ogle Baron Ogle.
Darcy Baron Darcy.
Parker Baron Montegle, fon and heir of
Baron Morley, he has this Barony in right of
his mother, of the family of Stanley.
Sandys Baron Sandys.
Vaux Baron Vaux.
Windfor Baron Windfon
Wentworth Baron Wentworth.
C c 2 Borouga
95 HENTZNERI ItiNERARiulk.
EcroiighBaro Borough, ad inopiam redacSus.
Baro Mordant. Baro Evers*
Bare Rich. Baro Sheffield.
Baro North, Confiliarius regius 5c Thefau-
rarius hofpirii rcgii.
Baro Hundfdon, Confiliarius regius & Cu-
bicularius hofpicii regii.
Sackvill Baro Buckhurft, Confiliarius re-
gius.
Tho. Cecil Baro Burghley, filius Thefau-
rarii Anglise.
Cecil Baro Rofle, Burghley e filio nepos
Thefaurarii pronepos ; adhuc puer habet Ba-
roniam jure matris, filiae Comitis Rutlandiae.
f Howard de Matravcrs, filius Comitis
Arundel, adhuc natal ib as non rcftituitur*
t Baro Cheyny.
Baro Crqmv/el. Baro Wharton.
Baro
HENTZNER's Travels. gy
Borough Baron Borough, reduced to want.
Baron Mordaunt. Baron Eure.
Baron Rich. Baron Sheffield.
Baron North, privy Counfellor, and Trea-
furer of the Houfliold.
Baron Hunfdon, privy Counfellor, and
Lord Chamberlain.
Sackville Baron Buckhurft, privy Coun-
fellor.
Thomas Cecil Baron Burleigh, fon of the
Treafurer.
Cecil Lord Roos, grandfon of the Trea-
furer, yet a child ; he holds the Barony in
right of his mother, daughter to the Earl
of Rutland.
t Howard of Maltravers, fon of the Earl
of Arundel, not yet reftored in blood.
f Baron Cheyny.
Baron Cromwell. Baron Wharton.
Baron
96 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Baro Willoughby de Parham.
t Baro Pagett, cxulat dignitate exutus.
Baro Chandois. Earo St. John,
Baro Delaware, ipfius majores caeperunt
fegem GallivC.
Baro, Compton, pene omnia diflipavlt.
Baro Norris.
Tho. Howard, filius fecundo genitus Ducis
Norfolcii, Baro Audley de SafFronwalden, jure
materno.
f Gulielmus, tertlus Norfolcii filius ne-
-que Baro eft, neque adhuc natalibus refti-
tutus.
HaSfenus de FamtUls Ulujiribus.
Navigio Thamefl fecundo Londino dif-
ccfTimus & Greenwiciam, arcem regiam,
^ dextra reliquimus, de qua fupra.
Barcking,
. HENTZNER's TriAVEiJs. g&
Baron Willoughby of Parham.
t Baron Pagett, in exile, attainted.
Baron Chandois. Baron St. John. '
Baron Delaware, his anceftors took the king
of France prifoner*
Baron Compton, has fquandered almoft all
his fubflance.
Baron Norris.
Thomas Howard, fecond fon of the Duke
of Norfolk, Baron Audley of Saffronwalden,
in his mother's right.
t William, third fon of the Duke of Nor-
folk, is neither a Baron, nor yet reftored in
blood.
Thus far of noble Families.
We fet out from London in a boat, and
fell down the river, leaving Greenwich^
which we have fpoken of before, on the right
hand.
Barking,
§6 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Barcking, vicus a finiftra conrpectus. '
GravesendA, Anglins oppidulum portu
commodo celebre, ad quod maximae naves ex
Belgio appellere folent. Hinc cum poftridie
cymba prcgrederemur ulterius, prius nobllifs,
Davidi Strzielae Boemo, & Thobise Salandro
inrpe6Lori ipfius, noftris per Galliam & An-
liam comitlbus iridivifis, qui per Belgium in
patriam redire cogitabant, ultimum vale dixi-
mus, nobis rurfum in Galliam contendentibus -,
Deus autem ter maximus voluntati ipforum
rcfiirit ; nam adhuc pr^efentibus nobis, opti-
mum Strzielam diarrhaea correptum, paucis
pCiL difccfium noftruni diebus, uti ex literis
Sal and ri poftea perccpimus, Londini febris ar^
dens extinxit.
QiJiNCiCBURG, Caftcllum a dextra vidi-
mus ; inde cum paulo ulterius cffcmus pro-
grefii, oftrea in ipfo mari in noftro confpeftu
capiebantur, qux alibi non delicatiora nee
^plura, tefte Grtelio in Epitome theatri orbis
terrarum in Anglia.
WiTZSTEFFEL,
HENTZNER's Travels. 97
Barking, a town in fight on the left.
Gravesend, a fmall town, famous for
the convenience of it's port, the largeft Dutch
(hips ufually call here. As we were to pro-
ceed farther from hence by water, w^e took
our laft leave here of the noble Bohemian
David Strziela, and his tutor Tobias Salan-
der, our conftant fellow-travellers through
France and England, they defigning to re-
turn home through Holland, we on a fecond
tour into France ; but it pleafed Heaven to
put a flop to their defign, for the worthy
Str/iela was feized with a diarrhea a few days
before our departure, and as we afterwards
learned by letters from Salander, died in a few
days, of a violent fever in London.
QuEENBOROUGH; we left theCaflle on
.ourright ^ a little farther we faw the Miing
of oyfters out of the fea, which are no where
in greater plenty or perfection j witnefs
Ortelius in his Epitome, &c*
D d . Whitstable,
9» HENTZNERI lTrNER.ARit?M.
WiTZSTEFFEL, pagus, hic Jiavi egreffi-
Cantuarium, ubi fedes Archlepifcopi &
Primatis Angliae eft, oppidiim pervetuftum,
Romancx]ue ibeculo procul dubio illuftre,
quod alias etiam Canttjaria, vulgo Can*-
TERBURY dicitur, pedkes venimus.
Duo funt hic Monafteria pene contigua^
Chrifti fcilicet, & D. Auguftini, utrumque
aliquando Monachis ordiRi$ D. Eenedicli re-
pletum ; quorum alterum, Chrifti nomine
obliterato, temporibus fubfequentibus D.
Thomae dedicatum eft, fitum quafi in medio
oppidi fmu, & tanta majeftate cum duabus
ingentibus turribus in coelum fe erigens, ut
procul etiam intuentibus, quemadmodum Eras-
mus inquit, religioncm incutiat.
In Choro templi iftius, cujus ingreffum Can-
celli ferrei prohibent, monumenta videntur
fequentia :
Henrici IV. regis Anglic, cum uxorc fud
Navarrsea, ex marmore candido.
Nicolai
HENTZNER's Travkls, '9^
Whits TABLE, here we went afhore,
Canterbury, we came to it on foot;
this is the feat of the Archbifhop, Primate
of all England, a very antient town, and
without doubt of note in the time of th^
Romans.
Here are two Monafteries almoft contigu-
ous, namely of Chrift and St. Auguftine,
both of them once filled with BenedicSHne
Monks ; the former was afterwards dedicated
to St. Thomas Becket, the name of Chrift
being obliterated ; it ftands almoft in the
middle of the town, and with fo much majefty
lifts itfelf, and it's two towers, to a ftupen-
dous height, that, as Erafmus fays, it ftrikes
even tliofe, who only fee it at a diftance, with
awe.
In the Choir, which is fhut up with iron
rails, are the following monuments :
King Henry IV. with his wife Joan of
Navarre, of white marble.
D d ^ Nicholas
99 KENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Nicolai Woltonis, qui fuit Confiliarius
Henrici VIII. Edward VI. Marise & Elifa-
beth2e, Anglias regum & reginarum.
Edwardi Prrncipis quondam tertii in Aqui-
tania, Ducis de Cornewolle & Comitis
Ceftrias.
Reginaldi Poli, cum hac infcriptione :
Depofitum Reginaldi Poli, Cardinalis &
Archiepifcopi Cantuarienfis.
Cardinalis Chaftillon.
Sellam deinde vidimus in quam coUocari
fdlent Epifcopi, quando inveftiuntur. In vefti-
bulo Tcmpli, quod eft ad Auflrum, in faxum
incifi funt trcs armati, qui Thomam Becket-
tum, Archiepifcopum Cantuarienfeni, ob mar-
tyrium inter Divos relatum, trucidarunt, ad-
ditis his cognominibus,
Tusci. Fusci. Berri.
Hie
HENTZNER's Travels. 99
Nicholas Wootton, privy Counfellor to
Henry VIII. Edward VI. Mary and Eli'^a-:
hcth, kings and queens of England.
Of Prince Edward, Duke of Aquitain and
Cornv/all, and Earl of Cheftcr.
Reginald Pole, with this infcription :
The remains of Reginald Pole, Cardinal
and Archbifliop of Canterbury.
Cardinal Chatillon.
We were then fhewn the chair in which
the Bifhops are placed, when they are inftalled.
In the veftibule of the church, on the South
fide, ftand the ftatues of three men armed,
cut in ftone, who flew Thomas Beckct Arch-
bifliop of Canterbury, made a Saint for this
martyrdom ; their names are adjoined,
J Tusci. Fuse I. Berri.
X This is another moji Inaccurate account : Ths
murderers of Beckct zvere^ Tracy, Morville,
Britton and Fitzurfe.
Being
loo HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
Hie cum ambulando defefii, nos pane &
cerevifia aliquantulum refeciiTemus, poftea
flatim equos curforios confcendimus, & fecun-
dd aut tertia no<Stis hcra, in oppidum Dubrim,
vulgo Dover, venimus. In via, qu3e fatis
erat afpera & periculofa, tale quid nobis ac-
cidit : Dux viae, vulgo poftillon, adolefcens,
ad globuli fclopetarii i£lum, cum duobus ex
noftris comitibus praeceflerat ; nos tardius in-
fcqucndo focios noftros in tenebris e confpeftu
noftro amittimus ; repcriinus poftea bivium ;
ad dextram locus crat declivis & paluftris ^
ad finiftram colliculus ; hie dum dubii, utra
harum viarum eligcnda fit, confultamus, ecce
derepente vidcmus a dextro latere equites quof-
(lam, noftris quoad equos, quoad veftitum &
ftaturam corporis omniho fimiles ; qua propter
Ir^tabundi illos fequl ftatulmus ; fed accidit,
ut ifti, Deo ita nos protegente, nobis incla-
mantibus liihil refponderent, fed viam fuam
paluftrem pcrfequerentur adeo ftrenue, ut
fmgulus pedum pofitus, & i6lus multas comi-
tarentur ftammae igneae 3 quae res non imme-
^-:^\<^ fufpicionem movif de latronibus^
de
HENTZNER's Travels. ioo
Being tired with walking, we refrefhed our-
felves here with a mouthful of bread, and
fome ale, and immediately mounted poft-
horfes, and arrived about two or three o'clock
in the morning at Dover. In our way to it,
which was rough and dangerous enough, the
following accident happened to us : Our
guide, or pofl:ilion, a youth, was before with
two of our company, about the diftance of a
mufket-fhot, we by not following quick
enough, had loft fight of our friends ; we
came afterwards to where the road divided, on
the right it was down hill, and marfhy, on
the left was a fmall hill; whil ft we flopped
here in doubt, and confulted which of the
roads we fhould take, we faw all on a fudden
on our right-hand fome horfemen, their ftature,
drefs and horfes, exa6i:ly refembling thofe of
our friends, glad of having found them again,
we determined to fct on after them ; but it
happened through God's mercy, that though.
we called to them, they did not anfwer us, but
Iccpt on down the marfhy road, at fuch a rate,
that
loi HENTZNERI IriNERARiuMi
dc qiiibus eramus admoniti, vel de fpeftris
iio£turnis potlus, quae, ficuti poftea nobis
quoque relatum eft, in iftis locis folcnt efle
frequentia ; accedebant ignes fatui magno nu-
mero, ita ut horrore vel ftupore quodammodo
concuterenlur ; verum faiSlum eft, ut pauIo
paft viae dux cornu fignum daret, quo indicio,
nos ad finiftram convertimus, & fie ad comites
noftros falvi pervenimus ; qui a nobis inter-
rogati, num obvios habuillent iftos, quos vi-
dcramus, equites ; r^fponderunt, fe neminem
vidifle ; variae deinceps hac de re, ut fieri folet,
latae funt fententias ; quicquid autem fit, cer-
tum profetfto nobis imminebat periculum, a
quo, quod fimus liberati, foli Deo tribuendum
& afcribcndum eft.
Porro Dubris Angliae oppidum, quod inter
cautes confidet (ubi portus ipfe oliin fuit, cum
marc fc infinuaret, uti ex anchoris, & navium
tabu! is erutis colligitur) portus opportunitate,
quae jam fere nulla eft, Sc in Galliam trajeclu
niagis cclebratur, quam fua vel elegantia
vel frequentia. Celeberrimus enim Sz bre-
vilTimiis
HENTZNER's Travels. . lox
that their horfes feet ftruck fire at every ftretch,
which made us with reafon begin to fufpeiS:
they were thieves, having had warning of fuch,
or rather that they were nofturnal fpecSlres,
who as we were afterwards told, are
frequently (qcii m thofe places, there were
likewife a great many Jack-w'-a-Ianthorns,
fo that we were quite feized with horror and
amazement ! But fortunately for us,
our guide foon after founded his horn, and
we following the noift, turned down the left-
hand road, and arrived fafe to our comT>anIons,
who when we had afked them. If they had
not feen the horfemen who had gone by us ?
Anfv^ered, not a foul : Our opinions accord-
ing to cuftoni were various upon this matter ;
but whatever the thing was, we were without
doubt in imminent danger, from which that
we efcaped, the glory is to be afcribed to
God alone. *
Dover, fituated among cliffs, (ftanding
where the Port itfelf.was originally, as may
be gathered from Anchors, and parts of veflels
dug up there) is more famous for the con-
V .i E e veniencc
102 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
viiTimus hie eft trajedus xxx, millium paflu-
um, qui fpatio quinque vel fex horarum, fecun*
do fpirante vento, poteft abfolvi, ficut nof-
mctipfi fumus expert! ; nutnerant hinc non-
nuili Caletum ufque ocSlbdecim, Boloniam
vero fcdecim milliaria Anglicana, quae Italicis
Jongiora dicit efie Ortelius, in fuo Theatre.
Templum habuit Martino facrum, a Viflre-
do Cantii rege fundatum, militum etiam
Templariorium aedes, quse jam difparuerunt,
ibdemque praebet Archiepifcopi Cantuarienfis
SufFraganeo; qui cum gravioribus Archiepif-
copus negotiis diftri<Scus fit, quae ordinis funt,
non quae jurifdiftionis Epifcopalis, gerit. E
colle feu potius rupe, quae a dextra omni ex
parte fere confragofa, in admirandam altitu-
dinem exurgit Caftellum ampliflimum, inftar
urbiculac, opere munitifrimum, & turribus fre-
quentiflimum, fubjedlo freto quodammodo
minatur : Clavem & repagulum Angliag yo-
cat Mathaeus Parifienfis ; vulgus hominum a
JuUo Caefare conftrudlum fomniati a Ro-
manis
HENTZNER's Travels. 102
irenience of it's port, which indeed is now
much de ayed, and it's paflage to PVance,
than for either it's elegance, or populoufnefs ;
this paflage the mofl: ufed, and 'the fliortcll:,
is of thirty miles, which with a favourable
wind may be run over in five or fix hours,
time, as we ourfelves experienced ; fome
reckon it only eighteen to Calais, and to
Boulogne fixteen Englifh miles, which as
Ortelius fays in his Theatrum, are longer
thaii the Italian.
Here was a church dedicated to St. Martin,
by Vidlred king of Kent, and a houfe be-
longing to the Knigh|:s Templars ; of either
there are now no remains : It is the feat of a
Suffragan to the Archbifliop of Canterbur}'^,
who when the Archbifliop is employed upon
bufmefs of more confequence, manages the
ordinary affairs, but does not interfere with
the Archiepifcopal jurifdi6^ion. Upon a hill,
or rather rock, which on it's right fide is al-
moft every where a precipice, a very extenfivc
Caftle rifes to a furprizing height, in fize like
a little city, extremely well fortified, and
E e 2 thick
%
103 HENTZNERI Itinerarium.
manis autcm primo conditum, ex lateribus
illis Britannicis in Sacello, quibus ufi funt in
fuis fubftra6tionibus, verfimile eft. GulieL Cam"
den. in Britannia*
Hie fumto prandio, A N G L I A M reliquimus.
T^ ^ ^ ^ vP' Tff
*****
* * * *
* * *^
HENTZNER's Traveis. 103
thick fet with towers, and feems to threaten
the fea beneath : Matthew Paris calls it, the
door and key of England ; the ordinary people
have taken it into their heads, that it was built
by Julius Caefar, it is likely it might by the
Romans, from thofe Britifli bricks in the
Chapel, which they made ufe of in their
foundations : See CamhderCs Britannia.
After we had dined, we took leave of
ENGLAND.
* * * ^ *
* * * *
* * *
LSJVMW^
j^
