A Contribution to the History of Liturgical Drama at Rouen

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A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF LITURGICAL
DRAMA AT ROUEN 1

Although the liturgico-dramatic offices connected with the
cathedral at Rouen during the Middle Ages have been an object
of study for at least two centuries, 2 it appears that by no means all
of the pertinent information has yet been brought forward, and
that part of the accessible information is unreliable. The purpose
of the present article is to contribute to the subject certain new
texts from manuscripts, and to estimate the validity of certain

texts already published.

I

The existence of the two dramatic offices contained in the first
text that I offer has been generally known since 1893, when Mon-
sieur A. Graste called attention to them and printed extracts from
one of them. 3 To the desire, repeatedly expressed, 4 for a complete

1 It will be obeerved that in tbe texts publi^hed in tbis article tbe rubrics are printed in
italics, the abbreviations of the manuscripts being expanded in Roman type. The liturgical
text itself is printed in Roman type, with expansions in italics.

2 See Bibliographical Note at the end of this article. To t hat bibliography one may add
the following references bearing upon the liturgical peculiarities and the liturgical dramatic
oflices of Rouen: Dissertotion nur la UgitimiU des brtviairesde France en gtntral, et du bri-

viaire de Rouen en particulier, par M. (Paris, 1830); [L'Abbe Bourdin], Des liturgies

/rancaises en gintral et de la liturgie normande en particulier (Paris, 1856); Langlois,
Mtrmdre sur les variations de la Uturgie de Rouen (Rouen, 1861); A. Oollette, Histoire du
brtviuire de Rouen (Bouen, 1902), pp. 81-151; L'Abbe Picard, in Prtcis analytique des 1ra-
vaux de V Acadtmie de Rouen, XLIX (1847), 373-82; Revue du clergt francais, XXXIII
(1902-3), 240-49 ; A. Oollette et A. Bourdon, Histoire de la Maltrise de Rouen (Rouen, 1892),
pp. 18-27; [Dom Pommeraye]. Histoire de 1'tglite cathtdrale de Rouen (Rouen, 1686), pp. 620,
621; P. Aubry, La musique et les musiciens d'tglise en Normandie au Xllle siecle (Paris,
190i), PP. 23-30; T. Bonnin, Regestrum Visitationum Archiepiscopi Rothomngensis (Rouen,
1852), pp. 44, 166, 167, 197, 384. 431, 517 ; Le Graduel de VtglUe cathtdrale de Rouen au XHIe
siecle, 2 vols. (Rouen, 1907), Vol. I, pp. 13-16, 31-33, 58-62, 193-98; J. Loth, La cathidrale de
Rimen (Rouen, 1879), pp. 569-71 ; L. Delisle, " Un livre de choeur normano-sicilien," Journal
des savanU (1908), pp. 42-49; Voyages liturgiques de France .... par le 8it ur de Molton
(Paris, 1718), p. 305; Edmund Bishop, "Holy Week Rites of Sarum, Hereford, and Rouen
Compared,'- Transactions ofthe Society of St. Osmund, Vol. I, Part IV, pp. 77-100.

3A. Gaste, Les drames liturgiques de la cathtdrale de Rouen (fivreux, 1893), pp. 33, 34,
53-56. 1 may mention the fact that this indispensable study exists in three forms: (1) An
article, under the title given above, in Annales de la Facultt de Leitre* de Caen, 4"°« Annee,
No. 1, pp. 1-18; No. 2, pp. 95-1:11; (2) An enlarged version of the same article under the same
title in Revue catholique de Normandie, January, 1893, pp. 349-^72; March, pp. 477-500; May,
pp. 593-605; (3) A repriut of (2). My references throughout are to (3), the reprint.

* Sen W. Meyer, Fragmenta Burana (Berlin, 1901), p. 41 ; E. K. Ohambers, The Mediaeval
Stage (Oxford, 1903), Vol. II, pp. 43, 48, n. 1; H. Anz, Die lateinische Magierspiele (Leipzig,
1905), p. 11.
201] 1 [Modeen Philologtt, October, 1908

2 Kabl Young

text of these two dramatic offices, there has been hitherto, I
believe, no response.

The manuscript under consideration bears the mark, H. 304,
in the Bibliotheque de la Facult6 de M6decine, Montpellier. 1
Since former descriptions of the manuscript have been incomplete,
and since an indication of its exact contents is important for an
understanding of the text that I present below, I offer the follow-
ing information.

Montpellier MS H. 304 measures 176X256 millimeters, and
contains 51 folios of substantial parchment bound in dark gray
cloth. The collation may be expressed as follows:

a 2 a l + 8 tj8 c 2 + l + 4 (J4 (Iwanting) e 6 £10 + 1 „8 (5 wanting) £2

On the recto of the second fly-leaf at the beginning of the codex
we read:

Joannis de Bayeux Episcopi Abrincensis ad Maurilium. Rotoma-
gensis ecclesiae Archiepiscopum Collectio ex Sententijs ss Patrum et
consuetudinibus diuersarum ecclesiarum eorum quae ad divini cultus
officia pertinent. Concilium habitum Rotomagi anno MLXXIV. Capitula
Concilij apud Wintoniam celebrati. Concilium habitum apud Illebonam
anno MLXXX, cuius capitula et canones inseruntur. Alitgarii Liber de
octo Vitijs et eorum Remedijs. Eiusdem de Virtutibus et actuali Vita;
desunt II extrema capita.

Codex MS.

BlBLIOTHECAE BuHEBIANAE

D. 71.
MDCCXXI.

The codex contains the following articles.

1. Fols. l r -l v : Praeceptum de eo quod observandum est si ceciderit cor-
pus vel sanguis Domini.

2. Fols. 2 r -22 v : Johannis de Bayeux, Abrincensis tunc episcopi, de officio
ecclesiastico. 2

1 See Catalogue giniral des manuscrits des bibliothiques publiqv.es des Dtpartements,
Tome I (Paris, 1849), p. 408. From this riescriptinn I adopt the titles of the artioles con-
tained in the manuscript. See also Migne's Nuuvelle encyclop&dit ihiologique, Vol. XL (1853) ,
col. 592. I wish to express my gratitutle to Monsienr Benri Omont, through whose kindness
this manuscript was deposited for my study in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris.

2 This version of the Liber de Offlciis Ecclesiasticis of Jean d'Avranches is somewhat
more complete, at the end and elsewhere, than is the edition of 1679, Joannis Abrincensis
Episcopi deinde Botomagensis Archiepiscopi Liber De Offlciis EccUsiasticis. Notis D. Joan-
nis Prevotii .... illuitratus. Botomagi, 1679. One passage not found in this edition but
found in Montpellier MS H. 304 may be seen below, p. 4, n. 5. The MS, or MSS, used in the
edition ol 1679 are thus referred to on the title-page: Primum ex codice MS. coenobii Salico-
satti in lucem editus, nunc ex M8. codice bibliothecae Bigotianae auctus et emendatus. The

HlSTOBY OF LlTUBGICAL DBAMA AT KoUEN 3

3. Fols. 23 r -24 r : Concilium Rothomagense (anno 1074, praeside eodem
Johanne).

4. Fols. 24 r -24 y : Concilii Wintonensis canones XVI.

5. Fols. 24 v -27 r : Concilium Illebonense (anno 1080, eodem Joanne prae-
side).

6. Fols. 28 r -42 v (27 v is blank); Fragmentum operis de ratione divini
officii (incerti auctoris).

7. Fols. 43 r -43 v : Gregorii papae epistola ad Secundinum monachum.

8. Fols. 44 r -44 v : Sermo ad monachos (incerti auctoris).

9. Fols. 45 r -51 v : Halitgarii episcopi Cameracensis de vitiis et virtutibus
libri II.

The part of the codex with which we are especially concerned
is No. 6: "Fragmentum operis de ratione divini officii (incerti
auctoris)." The Fragment begins at the very top of folio 28 r as
follows :

.... cantantwr, uel qwo sacrifieium celebratur, duo simul nm aliqw/s
interpositws fuerit, now sedeant. Igitwr sacra auctoritate prohibitum est
ne aliqw/s clericws post solis occasum per plateas ue\ uias absqwe neces-
sitate wel testimonio bonorwm uirorwm pergat, nulliwsqwe domum absqwe
licentia decani wel fideli testimonio intret. Qui autem istud preceptum
uiolauerit, tribws diebws ab inicio matitunalis officii usqwe ad finem com-
pletorii ita in ecclesia maneat, ut inde nisi causa prandendi wel purgandi
exeat.

The Fragment ends at the very bottom of folio 42 v , in the
midst of the Officium Stellae, as may be seen below. The several
articles in the codex are written in several different hands, all
of the twelfth century. The Fragment was all written by one
scribe, in a hand seen nowhere else in the codex. 1

Since the Fragment is found in a codex containing several
documents explicitly connected with Normandy and with Rouen,
and since Rouen was eminent during the later Middle Ages for its
liturgical dramas, one is inclined to presume, provisionally, that
the Fragment, with its dramatic offices, is also connected with
Normandy, if not with Rouen itself. M. Gaste, however, the only

editor of this edition was Le Brun D- smarettes, who under the pseudonym, DeMoleon, pub-
lished Voyaues Ulurgiques de France (P&ris, 1718). See Revueduchantgrigorien, XI il%2-3),
p. 191, n. 1. Thi- edition of 1679 is reprinted by Migue, Palrologia Lalina, CXLVII, cols. 15-116.
Since Misne reprodures accurately all the points in which I wish to refer to this work, I
shall make my references to the more accessible repi int. U. Chevalier is pnparing a new
edition of the Liber de Qfficiis Ecclesiantlcis. See Rev. du chant gr£g., loc. cit., and A. Col-
lette, Histoire du brfviaire de Rttuen (Kouen, 1902), p. 65, n. 3.
1 This manuscript contains no music.

203

4 Karl Young

writer who, so far as I know, has discussed this special point,
believes that this document and the dramatic offices are "d'un
auteur d'une autre province." 1 For this opinion Gaste seems to
have two reasons. In the first place he quotes, probably from the
Fragment, 2 the following passage, which gives preliminary direc-
tions concerning the Officium Pastorum:

Interim praeparentur VII juvenes, amictis et albis et tunicis induti,
baculos in manibus ferentes, in similitudine pastorum.

Regarding this excerpt Gaste says, " Ce simple detail, mais carac-
teristique, me ferait croire que le traite incomplet de Ratione
divini officii, qui contient les offices des Pasteurs et de 1'Etoile, et
qui se trouve, dans le MS. de Montpellier, a la suite du Liber de
Officiis Ecclesiasticis de Jean d'Avranches et d'autres opuscules
d'origine normande, est d'un auteur d'une autre province." 3 The
writer's reasoning seems to be that since in connection with the
Officium Pastorum contained in well-known Rouen Ordinaria*
there is no rubric similar to that quoted above from the Fragment,
this latter document cannot be associated with Rouen.

This argument loses all its force, I believe, before the follow-
ing considerations:

1. The version of the Liber de Officiis Ecclesiasticis of Jean
d'Avranches contained in the Montpellier codex offers the pre-
cise rubric pointed out by Gaste as peculiar to the Fragment.

Interim preparentur vii iuuenes, amictis et albis et tunicis induti,
baculos in manibus ferentes, in similitudine pastorum. 6

iGaste, p. 34.

2 Gaste does not tell us (pp. 33, 34) from what part of the Montpellier MS he quotes, and
evidently he w«s not aware of the fact that this precise passage occurs twice in this MS, in
tbe Fragment (fol. 32') and in the treatiso of Jean d'Avranches (fol. 9').

3 Gaste, p. 34.

*The Offlcium Pattorum from Rouen MS ¥. 110 (Ordinarium Rothomagense) is printed
(with somv variants from Rouen MS Y. 108) by Gaste, pp. 25-32. The text from Bibl. Nat. MS
lat. 1218 (Ordiuarium Roth tmageuse) is printed below.

5 Montpellier MS H. 30i, fol. 9'. The MS or MSS used by Le Prevost in Mb edition of
Jean d'Avranches did not contain this detail (see Migno, CXLVII, 41); bence Chamhers
(Med'aeval Stage, II, 43-44) inferred, from "the absence of any reference to the Offleium
Pastorum by Jolin of Avranches," that this observance was not known at Roucn until later
— later, that is, than about 1070. Oni! may observe that the "vii iuuenes" in tlie rubric
quoted from the Montpellier MS has a parallel in the following rubic from the Offlcium
Pastorum in the Roueu Gradual (Bibl. Nat. MS 905, fol. 12') :

" Hoc audientes vii pueri stantes in alto loco dicant . . . ."
To be sure, the " vii pueri " are the angels who sing the Gtoria in excelsi», and are not
" pastores," as are the " vii iuuenes " of the Montpellier MS. Since no other Rouon Offlcium

204

HlSTOKY OF LlTURGICAL DRAMA AT KOUEN 5

There can be no doubt that Jean d'Avranches wrote for Rouen,
or certainly, at least, for the provincia of Rouen. 1 The " simple
detail, mais caracteristique " is, then, a mark of relationship
between Rouen and the Fragment, rather than a point of diver-
gence between them.

2. The Officium Pastorum of the Fragment as a whole agrees
strikingly with the similar texts incontestably connected with
Rouen. 2

Gaste's other reason for refusing to associate the Fragment
with Rouen is that the Officium Stellae in the Fragment is con-
spicuously different from the similar officia known to have been
performed at Rouen. 3 This reason has force, and, in fact, the
differences referred to are so important that one could hardly
admit a connection with Rouen without strong positive evidence.
Such evidence can, I think, be found.

In the part of the Fragment that is placed under the rubric,
De Festiuitatibus Sanctorum* we read,

He sunt autem festiuitates que more dominicali celebrantur, excepto
quod Matutinum non dicatur: Siluestri, Sebastiani, Vincentii, Agnetis,
Cecilie, Agathe, Cathedre 6 Sancti Petri, Geruasii, Translationis Sancti
Martini, Wandregisili, Germani, Inuentionis Sancti Stephani, Remigii,
Georgii, Leodegarii, Romani, Audoeni, Lucie uirginis, et alie que placu-
erint; et omnium sanctorum pontificum qui huic ecclesie prefuerunt. 6

Pasttorum has a rubric like this one from Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 904, appointing " vii pueri" to
sing the Qloria m exceUis, one might apply Gaste's reasoning and argue f rom " ce simple
detail " that MS 904 does not come f rom Rouen. But it incontestably does.

1 See below, p. 6, n. 2. Mr. Edmund Bishop characterizes the De Officiis Ecclesiasticis
of John of Avrauches as " Ronen coremonial of the eleventh century " (Transactions of the
Society ofSt. Osmund, Vol. I, Part IV, p. 99).

2The similar Rouen texts are found in Gaste, pp. 25-32, from Rouen MS Y. 110, fol.
22r-23r; in E. de Coussemaker, Drames liturgiques au moyen age (Rennes, 1860), pp. 235-41,
from Bibl. Nat. M3 lat. 904, fol. llv-12*; in the text below from Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1213,
pp. 17, 18.

31 rfer to Konen MS Y. 110, fol. 38"-39', printed by Gaste, pp. 49-52; Bibl. Nat. MS
lat. 904, fol. 2jv-30r, printed by Coussemaker, pp. 242-49; and Bibl. Nat. MS lat. Iil3, pp. 34,
35, priuted betow. The OJflcium Steltae in the Montpellier Fragment differs not only from
these three Rouen texts, but also from all the other Officia Stellae with which I am
acquainted.

i Montpr'Uier MS H. 304, fol. 40r.
!>MS, cathedra.

6 Id„ fol. 4U. The same passage is found also in the Liber de Officiis Ecclesiaslicis of
Jean d'Avranches. See Migne, Pat. Lat., CX.LVII, 61.

205

6 Kabl Yodng

This enumeration of saints at once attaches the Fragment indis-
putably to Rouen. 1 It has been suggested that the placing of
the great Rouen saints, Romanus and Audoenus, in a list of
saints of a lower order at Rouen may indicate that the writer was
composing his treatise not for Rouen alone, but for the provincia
of Rouen. 2 In any case, the document cannot be disassociated
from the use of Rouen, and an "auteur d'une autre province"
is, I think, out of the question.

TEXT FROM FRAGMENTUM OPERIS DE RATIONE
DIVINI OFFICII 3

[fol. 41 r ] De Die Dominico

Dies dominzcus ita celebratur. In Sabb&to, psalmis diei cum
antiphonis suis dictis, et capitulo dicto, responsorium a duobus cleiicis
absque cappis cantetur, quod hymnus sequ&tur; et ad Magnificat altare
incensetur. In Matutmis Inuitatorium a duobus clericis absque cappis
cantetur. Nouem Zectiones et nouem responsoria dicautur. Te Deum
Zaudamus, excepto Aduentu et Qu&dragesima, dicatur. Hymnus in
Nocturnis et Matutmis Lawdibus dicatur. In Afatfutinis Laudibus,
exceptis prefatis temporibus, una tantum antiphona cantetuv. Post
Primam processio fiat, ut predictum est. Ojficium cum duobus cantori-
bus celebretur. Ministri ita indua-ntur: diaconus dalmatica, subdiaconus
tunica, duo in albis, qui candelabra, et unus qui thuribulum deferat.
Gradale duo iuuenes in albis canaxit, et duo cwm cappis .AZZeluia. 4

i For the sanclorale of Rouen sen the calendars in Rouen MS Y. 110, fols. l'-6v; Bibl.
Nat. MSSlats. 1266 A„ fols. 133-38, and 1213, fols. C-G; A. Collette, Histoire du briiiaire de
Souen (Rouen, 19U2), pp. 153-91; H. Loriquet, J. Pothier, and A. Collette, Le graduel de
Figlwe catliidrale de Bouen au xiii e siecle (Rouen, 1907), Vol. I, pp. 6-11. 123-40; Vol. II,
Introduction. For the identiflratiim of the saints in the list quoted abnve see Bibliolheca
Hagiottraphira Latina antiquae et mediae aetaiis, edidemnt Socii Bollandiuni (Bruxellis,
1898-99); H. Srotefend, Zeitreclmung dee Deutsrhen Mittelulters und der Neuzrit, Bd. II,
AbtheilunK II, pp. 55 ff. S 'e also Gams, Series Episcoporum Kcclesiae Catholicae (Ratis-
bonao, 187:1). PP> 613-15. On the same liBt of saints in the treatise of Jean d'Avranches see
Migne, Pat. Lnt., CXLVII, col. 116. Sne also L. Delislo, Jouinnl des savant< (1908), p. 44.

2Sie Migne, Pat. Lat.. CXLVII, col. 116, where the comment on the precisely similar
list of saints in the treatise i>f Jean d'Avranches applies equally well to the li>t in the
Fragment. The list of saints in the treatise of Jean d'Avranches of cours-e attaches that
work also to the provincia of Rouen, an attachment that is inevitable f rom Jean's eminent
association with that provincia. A discussion of the fact that the author of the Fragment
seems to liave borrowed mnny considorable passages from the treatise of Jean d'Avrancties
is no part of my present study. A discussiou of these relations will probably form part of
Chevalier's forthcoming eilition of the Liber de Officiis Ecclesiasticis.

sMontpellier MS H. 3"4, fol. 4H-4.v.

*Tnis paragraph, which has, obviously, no essential connection with the dramatic
offices, I present merely in order to make cleur the exact position of the dramatic offices in
the Fragment, and tii show that in this paragrapb (as in many others) the Fragment agrees
exHctly with ihe Liber de Officiis Ecclesiasticis of Jean d'Avranches (see Migne, Pat. Lat.,
CXLVII, 61, 62).

206

HlSTOKY OF LlTUBGICAL DBAMA AT KOUEN 7

Quia 1 ecclesiastica officia diuersi diuerse celebrant, quedam que
communi ordine omisimus inserere, hoc in loco congruum nobis uidetur
annotare?

[OFFICIUM PASTOEUm]

In Natiuitate Domini, finito Te Deum faudamus, pueri in uno loco
ecclesie baculis se sustentantes in similitudine Pastorum consistant.
Unus autem puer in excelso, amictu et alba indutus, in similitudine
Angeli Natiuit&tem Domini annuntiantis, hunc «ersum dicens :

Nolite timere, ecce enim euangelizo uobts gaudium magnum, quod
erit omwi popwlo, quia natws est uohis hodie saluator mundi in ciuitate
Dauid, et hoc uobis signum: Inuenietis infantem pannis inuolutum et
positum in presepio.

Sint item plures pueri dextra et sinistra parte similiter induti, qui,
flnita prefata antiphona, incipiant cantando .• Gloria in excelsis Deo,
et in terra pax hominibws bone uoluntatis, aileluia, alleZitia.

Hoc iterum finiio, Pastores, subsequentem antiphonam cantantea,
ad locum in quo p&ratum fuit Presepe accedant : TranseamM» usqwe
Bethleem et uideamws hoc verbum quod factum est qwod fecit Dominus
et ostendit nobis.

^ttem dum intrauerint, duo clerici qui [fol. 41 T J ad presepe fuerint
incipiant cantare: Quem queritis in presepe, pastores, dicite?

Pastores respondebunt : Saluatorem Xpistum Vominum infantem,
pannis inuolutum, secMwdwm sermonem angelicum.

Ad Presepe stantes iterum dicant: Adest hic paraulus cum Maria
matre sua, de quo dudum uaticinando Ysaias dixerat prophetfa: Ecce
uirgo cowcipiei et parietf filium et nomen eius Emmanuel dicetwr.

Pasfores : Natus est nohis hodie saluator qui est Xpistuc Dominus
in ciuitate Dauid.

Te Dewm laudamws.

Quo finito, idem Pastores incipiant Introitum: Dominus dixit ad
me, et regant chorum ad omnem Missam. Finita Missa, incipiat

1 At this point in his treatise Jean d' Vvranclies proceeds to symbolistic generalizations
upon what has prec-*ded. It is in the comparative ahscnce of symbolism that the Fragment
differs most essentially from the treatise of Jean (l'Avranches. Since the Fragment agrees
with tlie Liber of Jean not only in mnny details but also in general scope, and since at the
point where the dramatic offices are a d«'d in the Fragment Jean is practically at the end
of hia treatise, 1 infer that very little is lost at the emt of the Fragment — probably only the
end of the Offlcium Stellae, and, since such is mentioned in the body of the Fragment
(fol. Sl"?), an Officium Sepulchri.

2The officium Pastorum, Officium Stellae, nnd Officium Sepulchri are mentinned in the
body of the Fragment iu connection with ('hristmns, Epiphany, and Easter respectively as
follows: " . . . . Te Deum laudamus alta uoce incipiat. Interim preparentur vii iunenes
amictis et albis et tunicis induti, ba"uli>s in manibus fnrent s in similitudine pastorum,
qui, flnito Presepis Officio, iu piima Missa usque ad flnem Matutinorum regent chorum"
(MontpellierMSH.304, fol. 32r); ". . . . TeDeum 1 mdamus incipiat. Deinde Stelle Offlcium
sequatur" (id., fol. 33'); ". . . . Post tercium responsorium Offlcium Sepulchri celebretur "
(id., fol. 37v).

207

8 Kakl Young

Presul uersum: Benedictws qui uenit in nomine Dotnini. Deinde, Dews
in adiutorium, cum Glorta Patri, et Alleluia. Postea incipiat cantor
ontiphonam: Quem uidistis, usque, Quis apparuit, et Pastores dicant:
Natur» uidimws, usque in finem. Postea incipiant Pastores : Dominws
regaauit, et ad finem regendo chorum ipsi Matutinas perducant. Finita
collecta Matutinarum, cantetur antiphona: Ecce completa swnt omwia,
cum subsequenti coZfecta: Dews qui salutis eterne.

[OFFIOIUM STELLAE]

Officium Stelle ita celebretur. Ubi Stella apparebit, dicat Rex
stans post altare maius : Stella f ulgore nimio rutilat.

Alter, aliunde ueniens ex dextera parte, dicat : Que regem regum
natum monstrat.

Tercius a sinistra ueniens dicat: Quem uenturum olim prophetia
signauerat.

Regi a dextera uenienti dicat Rex medius : Pax tibi, irater.

Cui respondeat idem cum alio a sinistra ueniente : Pax qwoqwe tibi ,

sese osculando. Quo finito, chorus cantet antiphonam : Hec primum
orientales fines collustrans illarum colonis partium magne rei prebuit
signum hec illos tres magos insignes prudentie capaces ad adorandum
regew natum perduxit dicentes:

Et interim Reges, alter alteri ostendendo Stellam baculis innuentes
erectis dicat medius: Ecce stella!

Alter in dextera dicat : Et ecce stella.

Tercius in sinistra dicat: Et ecce urrit stella!

Quo finito, dicant Reges : Eamus ergo et inqMtramws eum, offerentes
ei munera, aurum, 1 thus, et myrram.

Herodi in throno suo residenti dicat Internuntius : Salue, rex
Iudeorum.

Huic Rex econtra : Salue[t] te gratia mea.

Item Internuntius : Assunt nobis, Domine Kex, uiri ignoti ab oriente
uenientes nouiter natum quendam regem queritantes.

Rex econtfra:

Anteuenire iube qwo possim singwla scire,

Qui sint, cur ueniant, quo nos rumore requirant.

Item Internuntius: Qwod mandas citiits, Rex, milite perficietur.

Quo peracto, Internuntius rediens ad Magos dicat : Que sit causa
uie? Qui uos, uel unde uenitis, dicite.

Cui Magi: [fol.42 t ]

Rex est causa uie; reges sumus ex Arabitis, huc uenientes;
Querimws hic regen» regnantibws imperitantem,
Quem natum mundo lactat Iudaica uirgo.

Internuntius Herodi: Reges swnt, ut dicunt, ex Arabitis, regem
regum regnantibws imperitantem queritantes.

IMS, durum. 208

HlSTOBY OP LlTURGICAL DfiAMA AT ROUEN 9

Rex Internuntio : Ad nos uocentur, ut eorum a nobis sermones audi-
antur.

Internuntius Magis: Regia uos mandata uocant; non segniter ite.

Internuntius precedens reges Herodi nuntiat, baculo innuendo :
En magi ueniunt,

et regem regum natum stella duce reqMirwwt.
Portant insonti sua munera cuncta regenti.

Quo finito, medius Rex Herodi dicat :

Salue, rex popwli fortis, dominator et orbis,
Quid uis edissere nobis f

Quem osculetar Herodes, faciendo eum sedere in dextera parte sui.
Alter in dextera Herodi dicat : Ase ai ase elo allo abadac crazai nubera
satai loamedech amos ebraisim loasetiedet inbedo addoro otiso bedoranso
i et o iomo bello o illa et cum marmoysen aharon et cum cizarene raui-
dete qui adonay moy.

Hunc osculando iubeat Herodes sedere iuxta priorem. Tertius in
sinistra Herodi dicat : some tholica lama ha osome tholica lama ma
chenapi ha thomena.

De quo Herodes faciat ut de prioribus, quibus Herodes dicat : Regem
quem queritis natum esse qwo signo didicistis ?

Magi econtra: Illum natum esse didicimws in oriente stella monstrante.

Hic ostendant Magi stellam baculis, quibus Rex : Si illum regnare
creditis, dicite nobis.

Item Magi : Illum regnare f atentes cum misticis muneribws de terra
longinqita adorare uenimus, trinum T)eum uenerantes tribus cum muneri-
btts.

Primus Rex erigens se a sede genufiexo ante Herodem dicat:
Auro regem.

«Secunous similiter dicat : Thure sacerdotem.

Tercius similiter dicat : Myrra mortalem.

Herodes JEpistolartis : Huc, simiste mei, disertos pagina scribas pro-
phetfica ad me uocate.

Quo finito, JEpistolarB uenientes ad scribas dicant : Vos legis periti
a rege uocati, cum prophetarum libris properando uenite.

Scribe cum JEpistolariis uenientes dicant Herodi : Dissere, Rex, quid
uis, assumus ecce tibi.

Quibus Rex : O uos scribe, interrogati dicite si qwtd de hoc puero
scriptum uideretis in libro.

Huic Scribe : Vidimws, Donune, in prophetarum lineis nasci Xpistum
in Bethleem, ciuitate Dauid, propheta sic uaticinante.

Quo finito chorus dicat : Betleem, now es minima,

Msgue in finem. 1 Quo audito, Herodes prospiciens in libro prophetie

iln the MS a black line is drawn through the words, "usg.ue in finem," perhaps by a
later hand.

10 Kael Young

iratus proiciat. Deinde dicat Magis : Ite, et de puero diligenter inuesti-
gate, et inuento, redeuntes mihi renuntiate ut et ego [fol. 42 T ] ueniens
adorem eum.

Qui redeuntes ab Herode insinuando sibi intei se preuisam stellam
dicant : Ecce stella in oriente preuisa iterum precedit nos lucida.

Qui gradientes uersus presepe interrogent Pastores obuiam factos :
Pastores, dicite qtudnam uidistis et annunciate Xpisti natiuitatem.

Quibus Pastores respondeant : Inf antem uidimws pannis inuolutum
et choros angelorwm laudantes saluatorem.

Quo audito Magi inde transeuntes cantent :
Quem non preualent propria magnitudine
Celi terre atqwe maria anphisepere,
De uirgineo natws utero ponitwr in presepio.
Sermo cecinit quem uatidicws stant simul bos et asinws.
Sed oritwr stella lucida prebitura domino obseqwia.
Quem Balaam ex Iudaica oriturum dixerat prosapia.
Hec nosfrorwm oculos fulguranti lumine perstrinxit prouidos.
Atqwe ipsos preuia ducens ad cunabula -perduji.it uilia.
His peruenientibus ad Presepe dicant Obstetrices :

Qui sunt hii qwi, stella duce, nos adeuntes inaudita ferunt?
Magi econira: Nos sumws, qwos cernitis, reges Tharsis et Arabum et
Saba, dona ferentes Xpisto regi nato Domino, quem, stella deducente,
adorare uenimus.

Item Obstetrices aperiendo Presepe dicant : Ecce puer adest quem
queritis. Iam properate, adorate, qwia ipse est redemptio mundi.

Quo uiso, primus Magus aurum offerendo in terram prostratus dicat :
Salue, Rex, secwlorwm, cuiws ad imperium uniuersa pauescunt, suscipe
nwrac aurum, regis signum.

Secundus Ihus offerendo subinfera[t]: Domine, Kex eterne glorte
suscipere dignare thus sicwi Dews uerws.
Tercius mirram offerendo dicat :

Puer iacens in presepe,
Tamen imperans ubiqwe,
Suscipe mirram signum sepulture.

His adorantibus puer qu&si Angelus desuper stans cantet: Impleta
swwt omnia que prophetice dicta swrat; ite, uiam remeantes aliam, nec
delatores tanti reges puniendi eritis.

Quo expleto, Magi aliunde redeuntes cantent : O magnum misterium,
usque in flnem. Illis redeuntibus Internuntius dicat Herodi : Delusus
es, Domine, magi uiam redierww^ aliam.

Qua peracta, Filius Herodis ad patrem: Salue, pater inclite, salue,
rex egregie, qui ubiqwe imperans sceptra tenens regia.

Cui Herodes : Fili amantissime, digne laudis munere, laudis pompam

210

HlSTOBY OF LlTUBGIOAL DfiAMA AT RoUEN 11

regie tuo gerens nomine, rex est natws fortior nobis, et potentior uereor

ne nos exturbe£ nosiri ' regni solio.
Item Filius patri :

Contra natuw puerum, cowtra illum regulum,
Iube, pater, maximum imminere premium.

Hae pevacta, Duces tenentes nudatos gladios dicant Herodi: De-
cerne, Donune, uindicari iram tuam, iube occidi pueros, forte inter occisos
occidetwr et puer.

Herodes acceptum gladium librans hac et illac reddat hac quo
sumpsit . . . . 2

II

In previous seacb.es among the liturgical documents at Rouen
for liturgico-dramatic texts, one manuscript of importance f or our
subject seems to have been entirely overlooked. I refer to MS 222
(olim, 551) in the Bibliotheque de la Ville at Rouen, of which we
have the following official description:

Processionale ad usum S. Audoeni Rothomagensis. XIII 6 siecle.
Parchemin. 92 feuillet. 172 sur 110 millim. Rel. mod. (Saint-Ouen de
Rouen. — Ancien n°. A. 345). 3

The assignment of the manuscript to the use of the monastic
church of St. Ouen at Rouen may rest upon the inscription, in a
cursive hand of the seventeenth or eighteenth century, at the top
of the first folio, "Ex lib. S. Audoeni Rotg. Congreg. S. Mauri." I
can find no other authority for this assignment, which, in any case, I
believe to be wrong. The frequent occurrence of the word, archi-
episcopus, throughout the rubrics* seems to me clearly to indicate
that the manuscript was written for use in the Cathedral of Rouen,
with the usages of which, both processional and dramatic, it agrees
throughout.

Of dramatic offices the manuscript contains only the Officium
Stellae (fragmentary) and the Officium Peregrinorum!' Since
the manuscript has suffered considerable laceration and loss of

i MS, nrii.

2 Hero ends the page and the Fragment.

tCatalogue g6n6ral des manuscripts des bibliotheques de France, Tome I (Paris, 1866),
p.44.

* Cf. fols. 8', 15v, 18», 21r, 27t, 40*, 41*. I flnd nothing at all in the rubrics to suggest
monastic nsage.

5 These two dramatic offices are provided with music, in square notation on f our red lines.

211

12 Kabl Young

leaves, 1 one is tempted to suppose that it may once have contained
others of the dramatic offices characteristic of Rouen; 2 but for
this I can offer no positive evidence.

[OFFICIUM STELLAE] 8

[fol. 4 r ] . . . . [pue\rum, ita dicentes : Salue, Princeps seculorum.

Tunc primus accipiens aurum a ministro suo offerat et dicat : Su[s]-
cipe, Rex, aurum.

Secundus offerens thus ita dicat : Tolle thus, tu uere Deus.

Tercius offerat mirram, et dicat : Mirram, signum sepultwre.

Orantibus Magis et qu&si sopitis 4, qxadam puer, alba et amictu iu-
dutus guasi angelus, ante altare illis dicat hanc antiphonam : Impleta
sunt omnia que prophetice dicta sunt. Ite, uiam redeuntes aliam, ne
delatores tanti regis puniendi eritis.

Finita antiphona, cantor incipiat hoc responsorium, et intret pro-
cessio chorum, et fiat oblatio a clero et populo : Tria sunt munera pre-
ciosa que obtulerunt Magi Domino in die ista, et habent in se diuina mis-
teria, in aurum ut [fol. 4 T ] ostendatur Regis potencia, in thure sacerdotem
magnum considera, et in mirra dominicam sepulturam. Fersus: Salutis
nostre auctorem Magi uenerati sunt in cunabulis, et de thesauris suis
misticas ei munerum species obtulerunt. In aurum.

Sequatur Missa, ad qu&m tres Reges regant chorum, qui cantent
Kyrie fo»s, Mleluia, Versum: Vidimus, Sanctus, et Agnus festiue. 5

[OFFICIUM PEREGRINORUM] 6
[fol. 43 r ] .Feria secunda' in MatutimB, processio ut in die Pasche.
In Vespeiis similiter, excepto quod duo tantum de maiori sede regant
chorum, et duo similiterde maiori sede cantent Alle/ma, Redempttonem.
Ad Vespexas post tres psalmos, finita antiphona, duo de secunda sede
cantent hoc responsorium: Hec dies. Fersus: Dicant nunc Israhel,
quoniam bonus, quoniam in seculum | [fol. 43 v ] misericordia eius. Duo
regentes chorum: Alleluya. Fersus: Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in
nobis, de Ihesu dum loqueretur nobis in uia? Versus: ResurrextY Domi-
nws. Antiphona: Et coegerunt illum dicentes, mane nobiscum quia
asuesperascit, alleluya. Psalmus: Maguificat.

i The loss of leaves in the eztant gatherings will appear in the following collation :
a 2+l (3wanting) b6 c' 6 ('.<». 1*. 15, 16 wanting) <J8 e* f 8 g 6 h* ilO j2 kl2 II*.

2 See Bibliographical Note at the end of this article.

3 Rouen, Bibliotheque de la Ville, MS 222 (olim, A. 551), fols. lr-4v. Fol. 3, which cer-
tainly contained the first part of this dramatic office, is torn out.

*Between quasi and sopitis the MS has a blank space sufficient for receiving such a
word as sompno (see the other tezts of the Rouen OfficiumStellae), no sign of which appears.
In the blank space a hand of a century later has inserted the word in.

&The rubric, Dominica infra Octauam, follows immediately.

6 Bonen, Bibliotheque de la Ville, MS 222 (olim, A. 551), fols. 43"--45'.

' Easter Mouday.

212

HlSTOKY OF LlTUEGIOAL DbAMA AT ROUEN 13

Post jBeneeficamus fiat Processio ad Fontes, ut in die Pasche, et pro-
cessione stante in medio nauis ecclesie et cantante psalmum: In exitu,
circa finem psalmi duo clerici de secunda sede induti tunicis et desuper
capis in transuersum portantes baculos et peras in similitudinem Pere-
grinorum intrent ecclesiam per dextram portam occidentalem et lento
pede uenientes usque ad processionem. Cum finitas fuerit psalmus,
subsistentes in capite processionis incipiant cantare hymnum: Ihesu,
nosZra redempt»o, et cum cantauerint usque ad locum illum, Nos tuo
uultu sa[ties], tunc quidam sacerdos indutus alba et amictu, nuduspedes
crucem ferens in manibus intret ecclesiam per sinistram portam occi-
dentalem et ueniens usque ad eos uultu demisso subito stet inter iltos et
dicat: [fol.44 r ].

Qui sunt hii sermones quos confertis ad inuicem ambulantes, et estis
tristes.

Peregrini quasi admirantes et eum respicientes dicant: Tu solus
peregrinus es in Iherusalem, et non cognouisti que facta sunt in illa hiis
diebws f

Sacerdos interroget : Que ?

Peregrini respondeant : De Ihesu Nazareno, qui fuit uir propheta,
potens in opere et sermone coram Deo et omni populo.

Sacerdos utrimque respiciens dicat: O stulti et tardi 1 corde ad cre-
dendum in omnibws que locuti sunt prophete! Nonne sic oportuit pati
Xpistum et ita intrare in gloriam [fol. 44 T ] suam?

Quibus dictis, statim recedat sacerdos fingens se longius ire, et
Peregrini festinanter prosequentes eum detineant qu&si ad hospicium
inuitantes et trahentes baculum ostendentes Castellum, et dicentes:
Mane nobiscum quoniam aduesperascit, et inclinata est iam dies. Sol
uergens ad occasum suadet ut nostrum uelis hospicium, placent enim
sermones tui quos refers de resurrectione magistri nostri.

Et ita cantantes ducant eum usque ad tabernaculum in medio nauis
ecclesie in similitudinem Castelli Emaus pxeparatum. Quo cum ascen-
derint et ad mensam ibi pwcatam sederint et Dominus inter eos sedens
panem eis fregerit, in fractione panis agnitus ab illis subito recedens
ab occulis eorum euanescat. Illi autem quasi stupef&cti surgentes can-
tent uersus processionales: AlleZma, cum Versu: Nonne cor nosfritm.
@uo reiZerafo uertant se MersMspwZpitum et cantent hunc uersum sequen-
ter: Dicnobis, Maria, quiduidisti in uia?

Tunc quidam de maiori sede indutus dalmatics. et amictu et uinctus
in modum mulieris caput circumligatus respondeat: Angelicos testes,
suda [fol. 45 r ] rium et uestes.

Tun[c\ ostendat et explicet unum syndonem ex una p&xte loco sua-
darii, et alium ex altera p&rte loco uestium, deinde dicat: Surrexit
Xpistus, spes nostra; precedet uos in Galileam.

iMS,tradi.

213

14 Kabl Young

Chorus cantet alios duos «ersus sequentes residuos, et interim rece-
dant Maria et Peregrini, et processio, f&ctis memoriis, redeat in choro,
et ibi flniantur Vespere.'

III

The third manuscript — Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1213 — from which
I offer a series of texts is readily accessible and has been fre-
quently referred to. In view of these frequent references and of
the interest in the dramatic offices of Rouen, it is surprising that
the pertinent parts of this manuscript have never been printed in
full. The absence of complete printed texts from this manuscript
is, perhaps, partly due to the fact that they follow rather closely
similar Rouen texts already printed, but more probably to the
fact that through erroneous statements and misleading references
many have been led to believe that the pertinent texts are already
in print. 2 On account of these misunderstandings and of the
need of more accurate texts from Rouen, I venture to offer the
following series of complete texts.

[OPFICIUM PASTORUM] 3

[P. 17] .... Hodie* lectio nona iJwangrelium: In principio erat uer-
bum. jResponsorium: Verbum caro. Fersus: In ■principio. Plenum.
GloWa, et cetera. Omnes presbjteri m superhciis sint in modum corone

i The rubric, Feria tertia, follows immediately.

2See Bibliographical Note at the end of this article. The incidental remarks nf E. Du
Meril (Les orujines latines du tht&tre moderne [Paris, 1897], pp. 96, n. 1 and 147, n. 2) regard-
ing this MS are entirelycorrect. Gast6(p.4, n.2) inhi^supposition, "Nouspeusons que c'est
Ift [i.e., Bibl. Nat, MS lat. 1213] un des MSS consultes par dom Jenn Le Prevost .... pour
les variantes qu'il a mises en manchettes," is, J think, in error. H. Anz (Dir lateinizchen
Magierspiele [Leipzig, 1905], p. 9) did no harm in ignoriog this MS. P. Aubry (La musique
et les musiciens W&glise en Normandie au Xllle siecle [Pnris, 1906], p. 27, n.l) writes. "Le
tezteen [i. e., of the Eouen Festum Asinorum] a^Wpublifipar Du Cangedans leGlossarium
a 1'article FestumAninorum, d'apres un Ordinaire de 1'eglise de Rouen dn xv» siecle,aujourd'-
hui a Paris, Bibl. Nat., lat. 1213, p. 24." As a matter of fact, the Festum Asinorum is
fouod neither on the page indicated nor anywhere else in this MS. The same writor s"ems
to imply (p. 29, n. 1) thnt the dramatic offices presented by Lp Prevost (Migoe, Put. Lat.,
CXLVII, 135-42) are taken from this same MS. This implication cannnt, I think, be sub-
stantiated. A further discussion of these relations is presented in the Bibliographical Note
below.

8 B. N. MS lat. 1213, pp. 17, 18. For brief descriptions of this MS and for an indication
of its historysee Catologuscodicummanuscriptorum Bibliothecae Regiae,Tom. III(Parisiis,
1744), p. 96, col. 1; L. Delisle, Bibliotheca Sigotiana Mannscripta (Ronen, 1887), p. 67; Gaste,
p, 4, n. 2. The MS is of paper, measures 195x140 millimeters, and is bound in yellow leather.
It contains A-H folios+283 pages, folios Ar-v, Br-v, and p. 284 being blank. It i» written in
a small cursive script of the fifteenth century. The MS contains no music. Its baving been
in nse at Eouen is frequently stated in the text itself. Cf., for ezample, pp. 1, 5, 17, and 34.

*Christmas.

214

HlSTOEY OF LlTUBGICAL DEAMA AT ROUEN 15

in medio chori, et cantent prosam, et incipiatur sic : Que[m] ethera et
terra, et choras respondeat newma. Fiuita prosa, qxadava sacerdos
reuestitus omm&us indumentis sacerdotalibus, cum ipso subdiaconus
tunica reuestitus cantet ante altare EuaugeWum: Liber generacionis.
Finito Euangelio, Domiuus Arc/uepiscopus aat decanus uel alius de
maioribus de dextro choro incipiat ante altare cum candelabro et
turibulo : Te Deum Zaudamus.

Finito Te Deum \audamus, peragatur Officium Pastorum hoc modo,
secundum usum Rothomagensem. Presepe sit paratum retro altare, et
ymago S&ncte ilfarie sit in eo posita. In primis quidam puer ante
chorum in excelso in similitudLinem angeliNatiuitatem 1 Domini nuucians
ad quinque canonicos quindecim marcharum et librarum, uel ad eos
uicarios de secunda sede, Pastores intrantes per magnum [p. 18] ostium
chori per medium chorum transeuntes, tunicis et amictihus [indutos],
hunc wersum ita dicens : Nolite timere, usque, In presepio. Sint plures
pueri in uoltis ecclesie qu&si Angeli, qui alta uoce incipiant : Gloria, in
excelsis Deo, et cantent usque, Voluntatis. iJoc audientes Pastores
ad locum in quo paratum est Presepe accedant cantantes* hunc wersum:
Pax iw terris, totum. Qaod dum intrauerint, duo presbyteri dalmaticati
quasi Obstetrices, qai ad presepe fuerint dicant : Quem queritis, usque,
Dicite. Pastoresrespondeant: Saluatorem Xpistum, usque, Angelicum.
Item Obstetrxces cortinam aperientes puerum demonstrent dicentes:
Adest hic paruulws, wsgue, Ysaias dixerat prophefei. Hic ostendant
matrem pueri dicentes : Salue uirgo singwlaris, usque, Frui natws uisione.
Deinde uertant se ad chorum redeuntes et dicentes : Alleluia, alleluia,
iam uere scimws, usque, Cum propheia dicewtes. 3

Hoc flnito, incipiatur Missa, et Pastores regant choram. Dominus
.Arc/uepiscopws, si presens fuerit, cantet * Missam, aut decanus. Offi-
ciura: Dominws dixit ad me. Psalmus: Qware fre[muerunt]. Kyrie-
\eyson, Rex genitor. Glor»a in excelsts. Pastores cantent prosam:
Que[m] ciues celici, et cum uenerint ad locum ubi dtcitur, Suscipe 5 de-
■precationem nostram, omnes flectant genua uersus altare. Oratio: Dews
qui nos sacratissimam. De beata ifeTaria Oratio: Dews qui salutis. Qui-
dam de Pastoribus cautet iupulpito lectionem : Popwlus gentium. iSine
interuallo subdiaconus legat epistolam : Apparuit gratia Dei saluatoris.
Dwo Pastores de secunda sede Oraduale: Tecum principium. T^ersus:
Dixit Dominws. Reiteretur Graduale: Tecum principium. Duo de
maiori sede: AlleZwm, Dominws dixit ad me. «Segwentia: Nato canunt
omnia. .Ewanaelium: Exiit editum. Credo. Ojfertorium: Letentwr
celi. Offerant" omnes qui uoluerint. Secreta: Accepta Ubi sit, Domine.
Alia Secreta: Muneribws nosftris. Prefatio: Quia per incarnati. Hec

i MS, natiuitatis. 8 MS, ducentes. b MS, Suscepe.

SMS, cantores. *MS, cantent. 6 MS, oSerenda.

215

16 Kakl Young

prescripta Prefatio dicatux ommous festiuis diebus usque ad Purifica-
tionem, ecccepto die Epyphanie Domini,cum eius octauis. Communi-
cantes et noctem sacratissimam dicatur. Sanctus et Agnus festiue.
Communio: In splendoribws. Post-Communio: Da nobis, quesumus,
Domine Deus noster. Alia Post-Communio.- Hec nos communio. Ite
missa est.

Finita Missa,Dominus arc/iiepiscopus, uel alius dicat Tersum: Bene-
dictus qui uenit in nomineDomini. Fersum: Deus Dominus, et cetera.
AlleZma. Deus in adiutorium. Gloria pairi. Sictit erat, et cetera.
AlleZtua. Arc/riepiscopus uel alius uersus ad Pastores dicat: Quem
uidistis, pastores, dicite; annunciate nobis in terris qwi[s] apparuit.
Pastores respondeani : Natum uidimws, et cetera, et totam antiphonam
finiant. Dehinc incipiat quidam Pastor a dextra parte psalmum:
Dominus regnauit. Antiphona: Quem uidistis. Pastores alias antipho-
nas incipiant, wnusquisgue suam secundum ordmem, et omnes cwm neu-
mis finiantur, et Pastores regant chorum. Antiphona: Gewuit puerpera.
Psalmus: Iubilaie. Antiphona: Angelws ad pa[stores]. Psalmus: Deus,
Deus. Antiphona: FactaesZ. Psalmus: Henedicite. .Antiphona: Paruu-
lus filiws. Psalmus: Laudate. Capitulum: Popwlus gentium. Fmnus:
[p. 19] A solis ortws cardine. Versus: Viderwwt omnes fines. Antiphona
sicutin Vespem 1 terrepetatur: Glorta in excelsts Deo. Psalmus: Bene-
dictus. Oratio: Concede queswmws omnipotens Deus. Benedicamws
canieZur a Pastoribus: Verbum paMs hodie. Quofinito, Pastores can-
tent hanc antiphonam totam inpulpito: Ecce completa. Arc/iiepiscopus
uel sacerdos dicat wersum: Post partum. Oratio: Dews qui salutts.
Benedicamws, tres pueri?

[FESTUM INFANTUM] 3

[p. 24] .... Ad Vesperas duo presbjteri regant chorum. ^lntiphone
cttm newmis finiantur. Antiphona: Tecum principium. Psalmus: Dixit
Dominus, et cetera. Capitulum: Iocuwditaiem. Pesponsorium: In
medio eccZesie. Omnes presbyteri, ut prenotatur in fe[sto~] Sancti
Stephani, Fmnus: Bina celestis, uel Letabundws. Fersus: In [omnem
terram]. 4 Antiphona: In medio eccZeste. Psalmus: Magnificat. Oratio:
EccZesiam tuam. BenedicamwsadpZacitumpresoyterorum. <Seguan£ur

1 MS, uis. This same abbreviation, in the same context, is found in Eouen MS V. 110,
fol. 23r, from which Gast6 (p. 31) expands it to voltls. I expand into uesperin in accordance
with the following rubric concerning the Antiphon of the Magnificat in First Vespers of
Christmas (B. N. MS lat. 1213, p. 16) : "Antiphona cum trina repetitione." whieh explains
precisely the rubric, " Antiphona sicut in Vesperis ter rcpetatur," in the case before us.
Gaste did not consider the similar rubric in First Vespers in Ronen MS Y 110, fol. 21', " Anti-
phona cum trina repeticione."

2 The words, Sequatur Missa de Luce, follow immediately.

3B. N. MS lat. 1213, pp. 24-27.

*The MS seems to have In az, which I «annot explain in this place.

216

HlSTOBY OF LlTUEGICAL DeAMA AT ROUEN 17

Memorie Natixiit&tis et «Sanct* Steph&ni t&ntum. Antiphona: Pastores.
"Persus: Verbum caro. Oratio: Concede, qweswmws, omnipotens Dews.
Antiphona; Constitutws. Versus: Gloria, et ho[nore]. Oratio: Omni-
potens sempiterne Dews. Sequarfur Processio: Sancta. et immacwlata, et
sint presbyteri in superiore p&rte processionis, ut supra notfatur in die
S&ncti Stephani. Hoc finito, duo pueri tunicis et amictibus induti,
tenentes candelabra cum cereis ardentibus, et omnes pueri ecclesie in
cappis tenentes cereos ardentes cum suo Episcopo exeant de uestiario
bini et bini cantantes responsorium: Centum qwadraginta; et, proces-
sione ordinata, ueniant per chorum et eant ad altare Innocentium, et
ibi stutionem faciant, et finiatur ibi; et tres pueri cantent; Hi empti
surat. Quo finito, sequ&tur antrphona,: Innocentes. Tres pueri wersum:
Letamim. .Episcopws orationem: Dews hodterna die. In reditu anti-
phona weZ responsorium [p. 25] de S&ncta Jlfaria adpZacitum. Dwopres-
bjteri cantent wersum: Fost partum. JSpiscopws orationem: Dews qui
salutts. Pweri dicant: Benedicamws. Sequ&tur Benedictio Episcopi,
et dicat unus puer alta uoce : Humiliate uos ad benedict/onem, et alii
respondeant : Deo grateis. Benedictio : Dominus omnipotens benedicat
uos, et cetera.

Ad Comptetorium Antiphona: Natws est nobts. Psalmus: Cum inuo-
carem, et cetera, stcut prenofatur in Comptetorio diaconorum.

Nota, Frater. In crasftno est Fe[stum] Duplex. Jnwtfatorium
JDominus .Episcopus, cwm eo dwo pueri: Venite adoremws. Psalmus:
Venite. Fmnus: Sancforwm meritis. In primo iVocturno, Antiphona:
Herodes uidens. Psalmus: Beaiws uir. Antiphona: Xpistus infans.
Psalmus: Qware fre[muerunt]. Antiphona: Arridebat. Psalmus: In
Domino confido. Fersus: Letamine. Et legantur sex tectiones de
Sermone; Zelws qwo tendat, et tres tectiones de Expositione, in
cantu, ut supra, a quodam diacono. Dominus -Episcopws legat nonam
tectionem. .Expositio: Angelws Domini apparuit. Pesponsorium :
Sub altare. Versus: Vidi sub altare. Qware. Pesponsorium : Effude-
rwnt sanguinem. Versus : VincKca, Domine. In circuitu. Pesponsorium :
Dignws a dignis. Versus: Accipiunt a Xpisto. Et innocens. Gloroa.
In secundo iVocturno, Antiphona: Norunt infantes Psalmus: Domine,
qwts habitabit. Antiphona: Erigitwr itaqwe. Psalmus: Conserua.
Antiphona: Dignws a dignis. Psalmus: Dommi est terra. Tersus:
Exultent iusti. Pesponsorium: Sub throno. 'Fersus: Sub altare Dei.
Vindica. Pesponsorium: Adorauerunt. Tersus: Venientes autem. Mit-
tentes. Pesponsorium Dominus .Episcopus, dwo tunicati cwm eo .• Norunt
infantes. Fersus: Licuit sanguinem. Fiunt. G\ori&, et cetera. In
tertio JVocturno, Antiphona: Dicunt infantes. Psalmus: Exultate iusti.
Antiphona: Licuit sanguinem. Psalmus: Benedicam. Antiphona:
Vindica, Domzne. Psalmus: Dews, uenerwnt. Fersus: Iusti autem in

217

18 Kabl Young

perpetwwm. .Responsorium: Cantabant sancti. Fersus: Sub throno.
Et resona. Pesponsorium: Ambulabunt. Fersus: Hi sunt qw cum
mulieribus. Et non de[lebo]. jBesponsorium: Centum quadraginta.
Fersus: Hi empti. Hec responsoria dicantur in oct&ua, etfiant tercia
responsoria: Isti sunt. Versus: Vindica. Quia. Pesponsorium : Isti
surat sancti. Fersus: Hi sunt qwi cum mulieribus. Ambulabunt.

Not&. Dum nona Zectio legetur, pergant pueri ad uestiarium. Qua
ftnita, exeant bini et bini cum cereis ardentibus cantantes responsorium :
Centum qwadraginta. Tres pueri cantent wersum et prosam; ante
altare in modum corone illud finiant. Quo finito, incipiatur: Te Deum
laudamus.

Quo finito, incipiantm ibi Laudes, et redeant ad chorum, et ibi in
medio chori finiantur Matutine. -Antiphona in Lawdibus: Herodes ira-
tus. Psalmus: Dominws regnauit. Antiphona: A bymatu et infra.
Psalmus: Iubilaie. Antiphona: Vox in rama. Psalmus: Dews, Dews.
Antiphona: Swb throno. Psalmus: Henedicite. Tres pueri incipiunt
inpulpito: Laudes reddant pueri. Psalmus: Laudaie Dominum. Anti-
phona: Laudes reddani. Fersus: Laudafe eum. Antiphona: Laudes
reddanf, et sic chorus ps&lmum finiant. Pueri ad wnumqwemgue wer-
sum dicant ; Laudes reddani. Capitulum: Vidi supra montem. Fmnus:
Rex gloriose martyrum. Fersus: MirabiHs. Antiphona: Hi sunt qui
cum mulieribus. Psalmus: Henedictus. Oratio: Dews, cuiws hodierna.
Benedicamws, ad piacitum pwerorum. <Seauaiur ilfemoria iVaiiuitatis.
Antiphona: Gaudeamws, w£supra. Fersus: Iustwsqwt. Oratio: Omni-
potens sernpiterne Detis. iVota. In die Innocentium ad ilfa£utinas
incipiatur prima antiphona de nocte ad Memoriam iSancti Ioh&nnis;
Iohawnes apostolws, et alie «ntiphone secundum ordinem. yersus:
Valde honorandws. Oratio: EccZesiam tuam. Sequ&tur processio ad
altare Innocentium, cantando responsorium: Dignws a dignis, [p. 26]
cum uersu; et regressu uersus ad placitum. Oratio: Dews qui licet. In
reditu, de S&ncta ilfaria antiphona uel responsorium ad pZacitum, ut pre-
noiatur. Fersus: Pos< partum. Oratio: Dews qui salutis, et cetera.
Qu& finita,pueri cum suo Episcopo ante maiws altare cantantes ut supra
noiatur m die S&ncti Steph&ni.

Ad Primam, Fmnus: Corde natws. Antiphona: Herodes iratus.
Psalmus: Dews, in nomine, et cetera. Antiphona: Grafaas. 1 Psalmus:
Quicumqwe. Capitulum: Regi secwlorwm. Pesponsorium: Ihesu Xpiste.
Alle/wia, et cetera, ut supra.

Post Primam Penedicfto Episcopi, ut supra. Sequ&tur Missa Matu-
tina. Ojficium: Puer natws. Kyrielewson et Gloria. Oratio: Concede,
qweswmws, omn?po<ens Dews. ilfemorie S&ncte Marie, /Sancti Steph&ni,
et iSancti Joh&nnis <antum. Epistola e.t Euangelium de secunda Missa

i A latei hand bas substituted, Te unum.

218

HlSTOEY OF LlTUEGIOAL DfiAMA AT EoUEN 19

ATaiiuitatis. Cetera de Maiori Missa. Credo, Sanctus, et Agnws festiue.
Si Pominica/werii, sequatm Aque Benedictio, etpost Tertiam aspergatur.
Et post[ea] sequatur Processio, et sit de JVafluitate secundum suum
oramem, et pueri iu capis siut in superiori parte, ut supra noiatur iu
die S&ncti Stephani.

Ad Tertiam, Fmnus: Corporis formam. .Antiphona: A bymatu.
Psalmus: Legempo[ne]. Capitulum: Vidi super montem. Pesponsorium.
Letamim iw Domino. AlleZma. Fersus: Exultent. Oratio: Dews cuiws
hodierna.

Ad Missam, Officium. Omnes pueri iu capis iu medio chori regaut
chorum. .Episcopus incipisX: Ex ore infantum. Psalmus: Domine,
Dominus uoster. Kyrielewson et Gloria festiue. Oratio: Dews cuiws
hodierna. Epistola iu cantu cum Prosa, ut supra: Vidi super montem.
Oraduale pweri, w<preno<atur: Animanostfra. Fersus: Laqweus. JEpis-
copus, cwm eo omnes pueri in modum corone : Alleluia. Hi sunt qui cum.
Seguentiam .Episcopws iucipiat: Celsa pueri. .Ewangrelium in cantu:
Angelus domini apparuit. Credo. Ojfertorium: Anima nostra, quod
iucipiatur ab Episcooo, et cetera omm'a, ut supra. Deinde offerant
omnes qui uoluerint, ut supra no<atur. Secreta: Adesto, Domine, muneri-
bws. Pre/atio: Qwta per incarnati. Sancftis festiue. Commwnicantes.
Agnws festiue. Communio: Vox in rama. Post-Communio: Votiwa,
Domine.

Ad Sextam, Fmnus: Ecce quem uates. Antiphona: Vox in rama.
Psalmus: Defecit. Capitulum: Ecce audiui. Pesponsorium: Exultent
iusti. AUeluia. Fersus: Iusti autem in perpetwwm. Oratio: Dews cuiws
hodierna.

Ad Nonam, Ymnus: luste iudex. Antiphona: Cantabant sancti.
Psalmus: MirabiKa. Capitulum: Et cantabant. Pesponsorium: Iusti
autem in perpetwwm. Fersus: Mirabihs Dews. Oratio: Dews cuiws
hodierna

Ad Fesperas antiphone cwm newmis fiuiantur. Antiphona: Tecum
ryriucipium. Psalmus: Dixit Dommws, et cetera. Capitulum: Hi
empti sunt. Pominus .Episcopus, cwm eo duo tunicati, responsorium:
Iusti in perpetwwm. Fersus: Ideo accipient. Et cogitaWo. Gloria laus,
qpudwmnum: 1 Sancforwm meritts, uel Letabundws. Fersus: Letamini.
Antiphona: O qwam gloriosum. Psalmus: Magnificat. Et tamdiu
cantetur: Deposuit potentes, quod baculus accipiatur qui accipere,
uoluerit. Fespere fiuiantur a dietario, et cautor tradat tres cappas
rubeas tribus de maioribus qui regant chorum. Oratio: Dews qui hod«-
erna. Benedicamws Domino. Sequatur Afemorie iVaftuitatis Pomini,
/Sancti Stephaui, iSancti Iohanuis, ut prenofcitur. Postea sequatur Pro-
cessio: Sancia et immacwlata. Quafiuita, redeant ad altare Saucti Thome
Martyris, et iucipiatur responsorium ab wno de regeutibus chorum,

1 MS, Ymnus.

219

20 Kabl Young

responsorium : Igitur ductws est Thomas. Tres regentes chorum wersum
[p. 27] cantent ante altare : Misertws. Versus: Posuisti. Oratio: Dews,
pro cuiws ecclesiam. In reditu de S&ncta Jfaria. Ad pZacitum Bene-
dicamws tres pueri.

Ad CompZetorium accendaniur candelabra more friplici. Antiphona:
Natws est nobts. Psalmus : Cum inuocarem, et cetera. Fmnus : Saluator
muwdi. Versus: Custodi nos. .Antiphona: Verbum caro. Psalmus:
Nunc dimittis, et cetera, ut fieri solet.

[OFFICIUM STELLAE] 1

[p. 34] Officiura Triwm Regum secundum usum ecclesie Pofftomagensis
die iUpwphanie. Tertia cantata, tres de maiore sede more regum induti,
et debeut esse scripti iu tabula, ex tribus p&rtibus ante altare conueniant
cwm suis famulis portautibus Regum obl&tiones induti tunicis et amicti-
bus, et debent esse de secunda sede scripti in tabula adplacitum scriptoris.
Ex* irious Regibus medius ab oriente ueniens, stellam cwm baculo osten-
dens, dicat alte : Stella fulgore nimio.

Secundus Rex a dextra p&rte resvxyndeat : Que regem regum.

Tertius Rex a sinistra p&rte dicat : Quem uenturwm olim.

Tunc Magi ante altare sese osculeutur, et simul cautent: Eamws et
inquiramws.

Hoc finito, cautor incipiat responsorium: Magi ueniunt, et moweai
processio. Fersus : Cum natws. Sequatur aliud responsorium, si necesse
fuerit: Interrogabat magos. Processione m naui ecclesie coustituta,
statiouem faciaut. Dum autem processio nauem ecclesie intr&re ceperit,
corona ante altare Crucis pendens iu modo stelle, Magi Stellam ostew-
dentfes ad ymaginem. Sancte Afarie super altare Crucis prius positam
cantantes pergant : Ecce stella 3 in oriente.

Hoc finito, duo de maiori sede cum dalmaticis ex utr&que p&rte
altaris stantes suauiter respondeaut : Qui sunt hi qui stella. 4

Magi respondeant : Nos sumws qwos cernitis.

Twnc dwo dalmatic&ti aperientes cortinam dica[n]t: Ecce puer
adest.

Twnc procidentes Reges ad terram simul salutent Puerum, ita
diceutes: Salue princeps secwlorwm.

Tunc wnus a suo famulo aurum accipiat et dicat: Suscipe rex
aurwm,

et offerat. .Secundus Rex ita dicat et offerat : Tolle thws uere.

Tercius dicat et offerat : Mirram, sigmtm sepulture.

Iterum fiant oblationes a clero et populo. Tunc Afaaifs] orantibus et
qu&si somno sopitis, quidam puer alba indutus et amictu super caput
quasi AnaeZus in pulpito illis dicut hanc antiphonam: Impleta sunt qwe

i B. N. MS lat. 1213, pp. 34, 35. 2MS, et. 3MS, stella. «MS, stella.

220

HlSTOBY OF LlTUBGICAL DBAMA AT EOUEN 21

prophefie, et cetera. JSToc finito Reges recedant per alam ecclesie awte
fontes, et intrent chorum per ostium sinistrum, et processio intret chormn
sicut consuetum est in Dominicis, cantore incipiente hoc responsorium:
Tria suwt munera. Versus: Salutzs nosire auctor, si necesse fuerit.

Ad Missam tres Reges regant chorum, qui Kyrie, fons bonitatis,
Alleluia, Sanetus, et Agnus cantent. Ojficium: Ecceaduewit. Psalmus:
Dews iudicium. Kyrieleg/sow et Gloria festiue. Oratio: Dews qui hodt-
erna die. Si ArcMepiscopus cantauerit, Memorie pro Domino Papa et
Rege fcmtum; sine autem Alleima ilfemorie fia\n~\t- .Epistola: Surge
illumiware. Predicti famuli cantent Oraduale: Omwes de Sabba.
Fersus: Surge illumiware. Alleluia. Fersus: Vidimws stellam. <Seguen-
cia: Epyphawiam Domino. JSwangelium: Cum natws esset Ihesws.
Credo. Ojfertorium: Reges Tharsts. Deinde offerant Reges, et omnes
qui uoluerint. «Secreta: Eccfeste tue, qweswmws, Domiwe. Pre/atio:
[p. 35] Quia cum Unigewitws. Commwwicawtes et diem. Communio:
Vidimws stellam. Post-Communio: Presfci, queswmws, omwtpotfews
Dews. Pre/atio et CommuntcawiJes dicantw per ociauam; eiiam ad
Missam JBeate ilfarie.

Ad Sextam, Fmnus: Ecce quem uates. Antiphona: Apertis thesauris.
Psalmus: Defecit. Capitulum: Et ambulabuwt gewtes. Pesponsorium:
Reges Tharsts. Alleluia. Fersus: Adorate Domiwwm. Oratio: Dews
qui hodterwa die.

Ad Nonam, Fmnus : Iuste iudex. Antiphona: Stella ista. Psalmus:
Mirabilis. Capitulum: Filii tui de lowge. Pesponsorium: Adorate
Domtwwm. AWeluia,. Fersus: Omwes gewfes. Oratio: Dews qwi
hodierwa die.

Ad Fesperas, Antiphona: Tecum principium. Psalmus: Dixit
Dominus, et cetera, secundum swwm ordinem. Capitulum: Inuwdatto
camelorwm. JBesponsorium: In columbe specte. Tersus: Vox Domini.
Fmnus: A pafre Unigenitws, uel Letabuwdws. Versus: Omwes de Sabba.
Antiphona: Ab oriewte. Psalmus: M&gnificat. Oratio: Dews qui hodi-
erna die. Nulla memoria.

Ad CompZetorium, ut heri.

[OFPICIUM SEPULCHRI]«

[p. 86] .... Pesponsorium: 2 Dum transisset sabbaiwm. "Persus:
Et ualde. Ut uewientes. Glona. Alieluia.

Finito tertio responsorio, Officium Sepulchri ita ceZebratur. 2Ves
diaconi de maiori sede, induti dalmaticis et amictus habentes super

1 B. N. MS lat. 1213, p. 86. This text has already been presented by C. Lange, Die latein-
ischen Osterfeiern ( Mllnchen, 1887) , pp. 155-57. Certain obvious errors iri Lange's text together
with the desirability of giving the complete series of dramatic ofBces in MS 1213 will probably
justify my offering a new text of this Offlcium Sepulchri.

2 Third Bespond of Easter Matins.

221

22 Kael Young

capita sua ad stmiZitudinem mulieram, uascula tenentes in manibus
ueniant per medium chori, et uersus Sepulcrum 1 properantes uultibus
submissis cantent pariter hunc wersum: Qwts reuoluet nobis lapidem?

Hoc finito, quidam puer quasi Angelus, indutus alba et amictus,
tenens spicam in manu, ante Sepulcrum dicat: Quem queritts m
sepulcro ?

Marie respondeant : Iheswm Nazarenum crucifixum.

Tunc .AngeZus dicat : Non est hic, surrexit enira,

Et locum digito ostendens. Hoc finito, Angelus citissime discedat,
et duo presbjteri de maiori sede in tunicis intus Sepulchrum residentes
dicant : Mwlier, quid ploras ?

Medius irium Mulierum respondeat, ita dicens : Quia tulerwnt Domi-
num meura.

Duo residentes dicant : Quem qweritis, mulieres t

Marie osculentur locum; postea exeant de Sepulcro. Interim qui-
dam sacerdos de maiori sede in persona Domini, albatus cum stolla,
tenens crucem obuians eis, in sinistro cornu altaris dicat : Mwlier, quid
ploras? Quem qweris?

Medius Mulier 2 dicat : Domine, si sustulisti eum, dicito mihi.

Sacerdos illi crucem ostendens dicat: Maria!

#uod cwm audierit, pedibus eius citissime 3 sese offerat, et alta uoce
dicat: Eaboni!

Sacerdos innuens manu dicat : Noli me tangere.

Hoc finito, sacerdos in dextro cornu altaris iterum appareat, et illis
tr&nseuntibus ante altare dicat : Auete, nolite timere.

Hoc finito, se abscondat, et Mulieres, hoc audito, lete inclinent ad
altare, et conwerse ad chorum hunc wersum cantent : AlleZwm, resurrexit
Dominus, 3 alleZwia.

iifoc finito, Dominus Arcftiepiscopus weZ sacerdos ante altare cwm
turibulo incipiat alte: Te Deura laudamws, et sine neuma /ZniaZur.
TTersus: ResurrexjZ Doramws uere. Dews in adiutorium* ....

[OFFICIUM PEREGRINORUM] 5

[p. 90] .... Ad Fesperas, 6 sicut in die Pasce, duo de maioribus in
capis : Salue f esta dies, cwm processione, ut supra. Kyrielej/son, ut supra.
AlleZwja. Psalmus: Dixit Dominws. Psalmus: Confitebor, et cetera.
Dwo de secunda sede regant chorum. Graduale: Hec dies. Fersus:
Dicant nunc Isr&el. Duo de maiori sede : AlleZwia. Nowne cor nosZrwm.
Fersus: Surrexit Doraiwws. jlntiphona: Et coegerwnt. Psalmus:
Magnificat. Oratio: Dews qui hodierna die. Dwo de secunda sede:
Benedicamws Dommo. AlleZwia. Nulla memoria wisi fuerit fe[sti], ut

1 MS, sepulcri. * The beginning of Laudes.

2 I ange, mulierum. 5B. N. MS lat. 1213, p. 90.

sOmitted by Lange. 6 Vespers of Easter Monday.

222

HlSTORY OF LlTOEGICAL DBAMA AT KOUEN 23

supra. Seguatur Processio ad Fontes, ut supra. Oratio: Concede, qwe-
sumus, o[mnipotens] Dews. In reditu : Alleluia. Psalmus: In exitu, et
cetera, ut supra.

iVota, Fili. Officium Pereprinorum debet hic fieri hoc modo. Duo
de secunda sede, qui sint scripti m tabula ad pl&citum scriptoris, induti
tunicis et desuper capis, tr&nsuersum portantes baculos et peras in
similitudinem Peregrinorum, et habeant capellos super capita, et sint
barbati. Exeant de uestiario cantantes ymnum: Ihesu, nosfra redemp-
tio. Venientes lento pede per dextram alam ecclesie «sgue ad portas
occidentales, et subsistent in capite processionis. Et cwm cantauerint
ymnum usque ad eum locum: Nos tuo uultu saties, tunc guidam sacer-
dos de maiori sede scrip£us in tabula, indutm alba et awwctfus nudus
pedes, ferens crucem super dextrum humerum, uultu demisso ueniens
usque ad eos per dextram alam ecclesie et subito stet inter illos et dicat :
Qui sunt hi sermones?

Peregrint quasi admirantes et ewm respicientes dica\n~\t: Tu solws
peregrinus es.

Sacerdos interroget: Que?

Peregrini respondeant : De Ihesu Nazareno.

Sacerdos utrimque respiciens dicat : O stulti et tardi corde.

§ui6us dictis, statim recedens sacerdos fingens se longius ire, et Pere-
grini festinantes prosequientes eum detineant qu&si ad hospicium inui-
tantes et tr&hentes, baculis ostendentes Castellum, et dicentes: Mane
nobiscum.

Et ita cantantes ducant eum usque ad tabexnaculum m medio nauis
ecclesie in stmih'tudinem Castelli Emaux preparatum. Quo cum
ascenderint et ad mensam ibi p&ratam sederint, et Pominus inter eos
sedens panem eis fregerit, et fractione panis agnitus ab 1 illia, subito
recedens ab oculis eorum euanescat. Illi autem qu&si stupef&cti sur-
gentes, uersis uultibus inter ipsos cantent lamentabiliter : AUeluia., cum
wersu: Nonne cor nosfrwm. Quo reiterato, uertent se uersus pulpitum
et cante\n\t hunc wersum: Dic nobts, Marta.

Tunc quidam de maiori sede indutus dalmatica, et amictu, in modum
mulieris caput circumligatus, respondeat :

Sepulcrum Xpisti.
Angelicos testes.
Tunc ostendat unam sindonem et explicet ex un& parte loco sudarii,
et aliam ex ali& paxte loco uestium, et proiciat ante magnum ostium
chori. Deinde dicat : Su[r]rexit Xpistus

Chorus cantet alios duos wersus sequentes residuos, et interim rece-
da[n\t Afaria et Peregrini; et processio, memoriis factis, redeat in choro,
et ibi finiantur Fespere. 2

1 MS, uel. 2Xhe rubric, Completorium, follows immediately.

223

24 Kael Young

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

The following is a list, with some criticism, of the most important
manuscripts and prints bearing upon the subject of the liturgico-dramatic
offices of Eouen.

1. Rouen MS 384 (Y. 110), Ordinarium Rothomagense saec. xiv.

a) Offlcium Pastorum, fol. 22 r -23 r , printed by Gast6, pp. 25-32.

b) Festum Asinorum, fol. 33 r -35 r , printed by GastS, pp. 4-20.

c) Officium Infantum, fol. 28 r -28 T , extracts in Gast6, pp. 35, 36.

d) Offioium Stellae, fol. 38 T -39 r , printed by Gaste\ pp. 49-52.

e) Officium Sepulchri, fol. S^^-SS", printed by Gast6, pp. 58-62, and
inaccurately presented by Lange, pp. 155-57, where some of the
variants from this MS are appended to an inaccurate text from Bibl.
Nat. MS lat. 1213.

/) Officium Peregrinorum, fol. 86 r -86 T , printed by Gast6, pp. 65-68.

2. Rouen MS 382 (Y. 108), Ordinarium Rothomagense saec. xv.

a) Officium Pastorum, fol. 23 r -24 r .

b) Officium Infantum, fol. 28 r -29 r .

c) Festum Asinorum, fol. 31 T -33 r .

d) Officium Stellae, fol. 35 T -36 r .

e) Officium Sepulchri, fol. 70bis T -71 r .
/) Officium Peregrinorum, fol. 73 r -73 T .

In printing the corresponding six texts from Rouen MS 384 (Y. 110)
Gaste' gives occasional variants from MS 382 (Y. 108), but by no means
all of them. In assuming that MS 382 (Y. 108) is a copy of MS 384
(Y. 110) Gast6 (p. 2) may be right; in which case the copyist departed at
times rather widely from his model. See, for example, Gast6, p. 51, n. 1.

3. Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1213, Ordinarium Rothomagense saec. xv.

a) Officium Pastorum, pp. 17-18.

b) Officium Infantum, pp. 25-27.

c) Officium Stellae, pp. 34, 35.

d) Officium Sepulchri, p. 86, printed by Lange, pp. 155-57.

e) Officium Peregrinorum, pp. 90, 91.

These five texts are printed in the present article. Monsieur Pierre
Aubry is certainly wrong in his assertion (La musique et les musiciens
d'6glise en Normandie au XIII e siecle [Paris, 1906], p. 27, n. 1) that this
MS contains a text of the Festum Asinorum.

4. Montpellier MS H. 304, Miscellanea saec. xii.

a) Officium Pastorum, fol. 41 r -41 T , printed above.

b) Officium Stellae (incomplete), fol. 41 T -42 T , printed above. Extracts
in Gast6, pp. 54-56.

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HlSTOBY OP LlTUBGICAL DBAMA AT RoUEN 25

5. Bibl. Nat. MS. lat. 904, Graduale Kothomagense saec. xiii.

a) Offlcium Pastorum, fol. 11 T -12 T , printed by E. de Coussemaker,
Les drames liturgiques du moyen age (Rennes, 1860), pp. 235-41.

b) Officium Stellae, fol. 28 T -30 r , printed by Coussemaker, pp. 242-49.

c) Officium Sepulchri, fol. 101 T -102 T , printed by Coussemaker, pp.
250-55; by G. Milchsack, Die lateinischen Osterfeiern (Wolfen-
btittel, 1880), p. 133; and by Lange, pp. 155-57.

6. Rouen MS 222 (A. 551), Processionale Rothomagense saec. xiii.

a) Officium Stellae (incomplete), fol. 4 r -4 T , printed above.

b) Officium Peregrinorum, fol. 43 r -45 r , printed above.

7. Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1232, Ordo Romanus saec. xii.

At the back of this MS are inserted two folios in paper, numbered fol.
26 and 27. On fol. 26 r -27 r a hand of the seventeenth century has written
a text of the Festum Asinorum, followed (fol. 27 r ) by the note, in the
same hand, "Haec supra scripta deprompta fuerunt ex antiquo codice
Rituali S. Rotom. Ecclesiae, in Festo Circumcisionis Domini." This text
agrees exactly with the text of the Festum Asinorum in Rouen MS 384
(Y. 110).

8. The texts communicated in Joannis Abrincensis Episcopi deinde
Rotomagensis Archiepiscopi Liber De Officiis Ecclesiasticis, Notis
D. Johannis Prevotii .... illustratus, Rotomagi, 1679. (The reprint
of this work by Migne, Pat. Lat., Vol. CXLVII, is accurate in all the
points in which I refer to it.)

a) Officium Infantum, pp. 202-5 (Migne, CXLVII, 135, 136).

b) Officium Stellae, pp. 206-10 (Migne, CXLVII, 135-40).

c) Officium Sepulchri, pp. 211-15 (Migne, CXLVII, 139-42).

Regarding his sources Le Prevost writes at the head of his Officium
Infantum, "Ex ordin. MS Bigot.;" at the head of each of the other two
officia he writes, "Ex ordinario et libro offic. MSS: bibliothecae Bigoti-
anae." Various misstatements have been current as to the identification
of these MSS. Gaste' suggested (pp. 3, 4) that Le Prevost took the music
for the Officium Stellae and the Officium Sepulchri from the parallel
texts in Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 904, and (p. 4, n. 2) that Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1213
is "un des MSS. consultes par dom Jean Le Prevost .... pour les vari-
antes qu'il a mises en manchettes." (Le Prevosfs "side-notes" are faith-
fully preserved in square brackets in Migne's reprint.) Chambers (Medi-
aeval Stage, II, 45, n. 3), referring to Gaste\ says that Le Prevosfs Offi-
cium Stellae is "from B. N. 904 and B. N. lat. 1213." P. Aubry (op. cit.,
p. 29, n. 1) squarely implies that the dramatic offices presented by Le Pr6-
vost are transcriptions from Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1213.

I have compared Le Pre>ost's dramatic offices with the two Paris MSS

mentioned by Gast6, Chambers, and Aubry, and I present the following

results :

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26 Karl Young

a) Le Prevostfs texts are almost identical with the texts in Bibl. Nat. MS
lat. 1213. His departures from this MS may be illustrated by the
following comparison:

"Et moveat processio. Sequatur aliud responsorium ei necesse fuerit"
(Migne, CXLVII, 137).

" Et moveat processio, versus: Cum natus. Sequatur aliud responsorium
si necesse fuerit " (MS 1213, p. 31).

b) In direct contradiction to Gast6's conjecture I must report that I do
not find a single case in which Le Prevostfs "variantes .... mises
en manchettes" could have been taken from MS 1213. Nearly all
(but not all) of Le Prevostfs "side-notes" agree with readings found
in B. N. MS lat. 904.

c ) The melodies accompanying Le Prevostfs texts agree exactly with the
melodies that accompany the corresponding texts in B. N. MS lat. 904.
In view of these observations, and in view of the fact that Le Prevostfs

texts do not agree exactly with the Rouen MSS Y. 110, Y. 108, and 222
(A. 551), or with Montpellier MS H. 304, I believe that at present the
exact source of his texts cannot be demonstrated.

9. Du Cange, Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis, 7 Vols., Parisiis
1840-46.

a) Officium Pastorum, V, 129. This text of Du Cange is the basis of
the text given as "Rouen, XIV Century" by C. Davidson, Studies
in the English Mystery Plays (New Haven, 1892), pp. 50-52, where,
however, Du Cange is "amplified from Weinholdand Du Meril."

b) Festum Innocentium, III, 960-61.

c) Festum Asinorum, III, 255.

d) Officium Stellae, VI, 367. I suppose that this text is the basis of
the Officium Regum Trium given by Davidson, pp. 52-64.

e) Officium Sepulchri, VI, 195.

/) Officium Peregrinorum, V, 201.

The b), d), and e) of Du Cange do not agree with the corresponding
texts communicated by Le Prevost, nor do the six texts agree exactly
with any of the MSS discussed above. In each case, Du Cange says that
his text is taken from an " Ordinarius MS," of Rouen. Petit de Julleville
(Les Mystbres [Paris, 1880], p. 37) says that the MS from which Du Cange
printed his Festum Asinorum is lost. He adds that this last MS must
have been written after 1350. P. Aubry (op. cit., p. 27, n. 1) is certainly
wrong in his assertion that Du Cange's text of the Festum Asinorum
comes from Bibl. Nat. MS lat. 1213, p. 24.

10. E. Martene, De Antiquis Ecclesiae Ritibus, 4 Vols. (Antuerpiae,
1736-38).

a) Officium Pastorum, III, 96.

b) Officium Stellae, III, 122, 123.

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HlSTOKY OF LlTUBGICAL DBAMA AT KOUEN 27

The Rouen MSS used are not exactly indicated. These texts agree
exactly neither with any of the MSS mentioned above nor with the corre-
sponding texts of Du Cange. Martene's Officium Stellae agrees in part
with the corresponding text of Le Prevost, and in part with the variants
offered by Le Prevost.

11. E. Du Meril, Les origines latines du the~atre moderne (Paris, 1897).

a) Officium Peregrinorum, pp. 117-20.

b) Officium Sepulchri, pp. 96-98.

c) Officium Pastorum, pp. 147-50.

d) Officium Stellae, pp. 153-56.

The manuscript bases of these four texts are exceedingly uncertain.
For a serious criticism of Du Meril's four texts see Gast6, pp. 2, 3. Cf .
Petit de Julleville, I, pp. 26, n. 1, and 61, n. 1.

In discussing the liturgico-dramatic offices of Rouen, scholars would
probably do well to refer, as far as possible, to more authoritative texts
than those of Le Prevost, Du Cange, Martene, and Du Meril.

12. The complete disappearance of all Rouen Troparia is greatly to be
deplored by students of mediaeval dramatic origins. That the
Cathedral of Rouen formerly possessed Troparia is shown by inven-
tories of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. See Revue de 1'Art
Chretien, 1886, pp. 456, 466.

Kabl Young
Univeksity of Wisconsin

227