qHV
7245
.A44
1941
UDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
1941
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
3-32782
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse H. Jones, Secretary
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt, Director
Phtlti> M. Bauser, Assistant Director
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
1941
Prepared under the supervisioo of
HALBERT L. DUNN, M.D.
Chief Statistician for Vital Statistics
WASHINGTON: 1943
3-32782
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction iii
Scope of the report iii
Limitations of the statistics iii
Methods of collection iv
Tally-sheet method iv
Oase-card method v
Analysis of 1941 data v
Disposition and sentence, by States (tables 1 to 4) v
Disposition and sentence , by offense ( tables 5 to 8 ) ; vii
SUMMARY TABLES
Table 1. — Defendants eliminated without conviction and defendants convicted,
by States : 1941 ' v
Table 2. — Defendants eliminated without conviction, by method of disposition,
by States: 1941 vi
Table 3. — Defendants convicted, by method of conviction, by States: 1941 vli
Table 4. — Defendsuits convicted and sentenced, by type of sentence, by States; 1941.. viii
Table 5. — Defendants eliminated without conviction and defendants convicted,
by offense: 1941 ix
Table 6. — Defendants eliminated T<ithout conviction, by method of disposition,
by offense: 1941. ix
Table 7. — Defendants convicted, by method of conviction, by offense: 1941 x
Table 8. — Defendants convicted and sentenced, by type of sentence, by offense: 1941. x
Table 9. — Humber and type of courts furnishing reports, by States: 1941 xi
STATE REPORTS
California
Colorado ,
Connecticut
District of Columbia...
Idaho
Iowa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Page
39
23
25
47
15
17
11
1
Minnesota
Montana
New Hampshire .
New Jersey. . . .
New Mexico. . . .
New York
North Dakota. ,
Ohio
Oregon
Page
45
5
9
33
29
7
19
53
41
Pennsyl"vania.
Rhode Island.
South Dakota.
Utah
Vermont
WasMngton. . .
Wisconsin. . . .
Wyoming
Page
37
3
27
21
43
31
35
13
Symbols used in this report
Class or item not applicable . .
Data not available
Quantity is zero , in number colximns
Quantity is zero, in percent columns
When figure is more than 0 and less than 0.05.
0
0.0
^ ■5^4-' ^73
(i^^i ;
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
IBTRODUCTION
The 1941 statistics show substantially
the same facts and relationships in regard
to the disposition and sentence of criminal
offenders in courts of general jurisdiction
as were found in the analysis of the data
for the past six years. The 1941 report is
presented chiefly as a brief summary of the
statistical data collected from the cooper-
ating States. The reader is referred to the
reports of 1935 and 1936 for a more compre-
hensive discussion of the scope of these
statistics and the methods and limitations
of their collection, as well as for a de-
tailed analysis of the data collected.
It is emphasized again that comparisons
between States shoald be made only v;ith ex-
treme caution and that probably no general
conclusions concerning differences in pros-
ecution practices of the States can justi-
fiably be based on the variations observed
in the statistics of this report. The most
valuable comparisons are to be found in
each State summary, which shows for defend-
ants charged with major offenses the dis-
tribution of sentences and dispositions for
the years 1937 to 1941.
These statistics indicate that 77 per-
cent of all defendants prosecuted for major
offenses in the courts of general juris-
diction during 1941 were convitted. About
seven-tenths of those eliminated without
conviction were eliminated by dismissal of
the charges against them. Pleas of guilty
accounted for 84 percent of all convictions.
Slightly over one-sixth of the defendants
disposed of were brought to trial. Of the
defendants convicted and sentenced, 38 per-
cent received sentences to State prisons or
reformatories, and about one-third were
given probation or a suspended sentence.
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
Twenty-five States, including the Dis-
trict of Columbia, cooperated with the Bu-
reau of the Census in furnishing reports on
defendants in criminal cases disposed of
during the year 1941 in courts having orig-
inal felony jurisdiction. This is the tenth
year in which the judicial criminal statis-
tics collection has been made by the Bureau
of the Census. The first collection in 1932
included reports from 16 States; 24 States
furnished information for 1933, 27 for 1934,
3-32782
30 for 1935 and 1936, 29 for 1937, 27 for
1938, 25 for 1939, and 27 for 1940. The two
States omitted from the 1941 report, but
which were included in the 1940 report,
were f^ichigan and Indiana.
Limitations of the Statistics
The judicial criminal statistics gath-
ered by the Bureau of the Census are limited
for the most part to statistics of criminal
defendants disposed of by courts of general
j\irisdiction. Under the judicial organiza-
tion of most States, there is a court of
general jurisdiction in each county that
has authority to try and dispose of all se-
rious or felony offenses and of such minor
or misdemeanor offenses as are not within
the exclusive jurisdiction of inferior
courts. Thus any offender charged with a
felony will be tried in a court of general
jurisdiction, although he may have a pre-
liminary examination in a minor court. In
a few States, the power to try and dispose
of felony charges has been extended in cer-
tain Instances to minor courts, such as mu-
nicipal and county courts.
While most offenders convicted of fel-
ony charges are disposed of by courts of
general jurisdiction, this does not mean
that all felony charges are finally disposed
of in these courts. I%ny offenders arrested
on felony charges are disposed of finally
in minor courts, either by the dismissal of
the charge at the preliminary examination
or by the reduction of the charge to a mis-
demeanor that is within the jurisdiction of
the minor court. This means that statistics
gathered mainly from courts of general jur-
isdiction fall far short of accounting for
the prosecution of all offenders charged
with felonies. Not until judicial criminal
statistics can cover all action taken in a
criminal case, from the point of arrest or
the filinti of the first charge to final dis-
position, will there be data available to
give us an adequate picture of the adminis-
tration of criminal justice.
There are wide differences to be found
from State to State both in the organiza-
tion of the general trial courts and in the
particular jurisdiction possessed by them.
It will be noted in table 9 of this report
(page xl )that the 1941 statistics were col-
lected from several different kinds of
courts and occasionally from two or three
types within a single State. While most
JUDICAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 1941
States have one court of general jurisdic-
tion in each coxinty, in some States special
jurisdiction to dispose of felony offenses
has been given to local courts that other-
wise would be classified as courts of lim-
ited jiirisdiction. In Vermont, for instance,
the county courts are the general trial
courts of the State and have complete power
to dispose of felony cases. However, the
municipal courts of that State have been
granted power to dispose of felony cases
when the defendant pleads guilty. As most
of the felony cases are disposed of by pleas
of guilty in the municipal courts, it is
necessary to collect statistics from both
of these types of courts in Vermont to ob-
tain adequate coverage of the felony con-
victions in that State. There may be a
great deal of variance in the extent of
jurisdiction possessed by the general trial
courts even within a single State. Their
misdemeanor jurisdiction is essentially
residual; that is, they may dispose of all
types of cases not within the exclusive
jurisdiction of a lower coiirt . In metro-
politan counties the lower courts will han-
dle the bulk of lesser offenses and only
the felony cases will be tried in the gen-
eral court. In the rural counties, however,
nearly all cases, felony and misdemeanor,
come before the general trial court. There
are, therefore, some very real difficulties
in a comparative analysis of these statis-
tics. As has been the case each year since
1935, summary and comparative data in the
State reports are limited to the major of-
fense categories. It is thought that this
method eliminates a great deal of variabil-
ity in the statistics that would otherwise
result from the widely differing jurisdic-
tion over criminal cases of the reporting
courts.
There are no refinements of selec-
tion, however, which will make up for the
fact that these statistics do not embody
the results of the early stages in the
prosecution of felony cases. In many coun-
ties large numbers of offenders arrested
and charged with felonies are eliminated
or disposed of on reduced charges in mu-
nicipal or other minor courts in a prelim-
inary hearing and never reach the general
trial courts. In other counties, very
few felony cases will be brought before a
minor court and the number of cases ap-
pearing in the trial 'courts will be, by
comparison, exceedingly large. Consequent-
ly it is impossible to assume that sta-
tistics of courts of general jurisdiction
fully account for prosecution practices.
This fact limits the conclusions that may
be drawn concerning variations in pro-
cedural and sentencing practices from State
to State.
raSTHODS OF COLLECTION
The judicial criminal statistics col-
lected by the Bureau of the Census are based
on an annual report made by the clerks of
court on a uniform tally sheet supplied by
the Bureau of the Census. It provides for
the tallying of all defendants disposed of
during the year by offense and method or
disposition and for the tallying of all
persons convicted by offense for which con-
victed and sentence imposed. The 1941 data
were collected by this tally-sheet method
in 20 of the 25 States. In Pennsylvania a
summary tally sheet was prepared from re-
ports of the clerks and submitted to the
Bureau by the Department of Welfare. Re-
ports were received from Massachusetts and
New York on the basis of the reporting forms
used by the Departments of Correction in
those States. For the District of Columbia,
Minnesota, and Ohio, the data were reported
by means of individual-case cards.
Tally- Sheet Method
The accuracy of the data reported on
the tally sheets necessarily depends on the
care with which clerks of court enter the
tally marks in accordance with the instruc-
tions furnished them. The fact that general
instructions are intended to apply to many
jurisdictions and that most clerks of court
are exceedingly busy officials usually
without sufficient clerical assistance, and
that they are asked to make these reports
voluntarily without compensation or other
assistance, means that the tally sheets are
not always made out with the care desired.
The task of making up an annual tally-
sheet report from the court records is not
a simple one. Court dockets and registers
have been evolved primarily for reference
purposes. They are not uniform from coimty
to county or from coiiTt to court. They are
not always uniform within the same county
and court, as newly elected clerks may make
changes in the detail recorded in their
books. The classification of cases accord-
ing to offense and particular method of
disposition or type of sentence also is
quite difficult. Inasmuch as clerks may
have different ideas on the proper classi-
fication of offenders, there is undoubtedly
a lack of uniformity in the data reported.
There is seldom any other summary of court
dispositions available with which to compare
the tally made on the census schedules.
Even if another summary were available, it
probably would not be based on the same
terms or units as the census reports. Far-
ther, if e2-rors have been made in the prep-
aration of the report, there is no way to
check or eliminate them except to repeat
the entire process of compilation.
3-32782
ANALYSIS OF 1941 DATA
Case-Card Method
A new method of collecting judicial
criminal statistics on the basis of indi-
vidual-case reports was tried out in 1937
in Ohio, Minnesota , and the District of
Columbia, and has been used each year since
1937. Under this system the clerk of court
fills out a standard card furnishing a sum-
mary of the action taken in each case filed
and disposed of in his court. The collect-
ing, editing, and clarifying of recorded
data is done by a central statistical agen-
cy of the State, thus insuring vmiform in-
terpretation of the data reported. The
cards are annually forwarded to the Bureau,
where they are coded and tabulated.
This method is far more flexible than
the tally-sheet method because it makes
possible a more intensive analysis of the
data collected and can quite easily be
adapted to the particul.; r record-keeping
routines used by the different clerks of
court. As more work is required to tabu-
late, analyze, and summarize reports col-
lected under the individual-case method, it
would be difficult for the Bureau to under-
take detailed supervision of such reports
from a large number of States. Having
tested the practicability of the individual-
case method, the Census Bureau would en-
courage the establishment of State statis-
tical bureaus or agencies for the collection
of judicial criminal statistics. Such an
agency could adapt the system to tlie par-
ticular laws, procedure, and practice of
the State, and make a much more detailed
analysis of the statistics collected than
could a national agency attempting to deal
with all States. The development of a sat-
isfactory national system of judicial crim-
inal statistics will depend to a large ex-
tent on the successful establishment and
operation of such State bureaus.
ANALYSIS OP 1941 DATA
Disposition and Sentence, by States
The 1941 report consists principally
of summaries for each of the 25 cooperating
States. Per 23 States it was possible to
TABLE 1.
-DEPENDANTS ELIMINATED WITHOUT CONVICTION AND DEPENDANTS CONVICTED,
BY STATES; 1941
Total, 25 States.
California
Colorado
Connecticut^
District of Columbia.
Idaho
Iowa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Montana
New Hampshire
Hew Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
disposed
of
61,868
6,355
1,345
959
1,645
428
1,890
1,424
3,083
1,696
503
337
5,291
974
9,432
413
4,515
1,048
14,411
514
384
352
533
1,334
2,710
292
Eliminated
without conviction
14,172
1,345
308
118
501
89
421
438
474
174
105
36
1,174
309
2,330
62
760
191
4,347
22
50
72
138
182
478
48
Number
47,696
21.2
5,010
22.9
1,037
12.3
841
30.5
1,144
20.8
339
22.3
1,469
30.8
986
15.4
2,609
10.3
1,522
20.9
398
10.7
301
22.2
4,117
31.7
665
24.7
7,102
15.0
351
16.8
3,755
18.2
857
30.2
10,064
4.3
492
13.0
334
20.5
280
25.9
395
13.6
1,152
17.6
2,2S2
16.4
244
Percent
77.1
78.8
77.1
87.7
69.5
79.2
77.7
69.2
84.6
89.7
79.1
89.3
77.8
68.3
75.3
85.0
83.2
81.3
69.8
95.7
87.0
79.5
74.1
86.4
82.4
83.6
^Statistics are for the year July 1, 1941 through June 30, 1942.
3-32762
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 1941
present a 5-year comparison showing, by
ma.jor offenses, the number of defendants
charged and convicted, together with the
rate per 100,000 population. For all 25
States the procedural outcome and type of
sentence imposed are sho»m in 5-year com-
parison tables. Such a comparison for a
given State is much more reliable and use-
ful than any comparisons that might be made
between States, for reasons already out-
lined.
The first four tables will present the
summary data on disposition and sentence,
by States. Tables 5 to 8, inclusive, will
present the same information for the 25
States combined, by offense.
Table 1 shows, by States, the number
and proportion o-f defendants charged with
major offenses who were eliminated without
conviction, and the number and proportion
convicted. The proportic-i of defendants
eliminated without conviction ranges, from
31.7 in New Mexico to 4.3 in Rhode Island,
and conversely the proportion convicted
ranges from 95.7 in Rhode Island to 68.3 in
New Mexico. For the 25 States taken indi-
vidually, the median proportion convicted
is 79.5 percent.
Table 2 shows the number and proportion
of defendants eliminated without conviction
for each of the three types of elimination,
namely, (1) dismissed- and other no-penalty
dispositions, (2) acquitted by court after
waiver of jury trial, and (3) acquitted by
jury. Dismissals and other no-penalty dis-
positions accoiint for the great majority of
defendants eliminated, ranging from 97.2
percent in New Hampshire to 48.6 percent in
Utah. The median proportion dismissed for
the 25 States taken individually is 81.2
percent. It will be noted that in several
States there were no acquittals by court
after waiver of jury trial. In most of
these States that is due to the fact that
there is no legal provision for waiver of
jury trial in a felony case. The proportion
of defendants eliminated who were acquitted
by jury ranges from 43.1 percent in Utah to
TABLE 2.— DEFENDANTS BLININATED WITHOUT CONVICTION, BY METHOD OF DISPOSITION,
BY STATES: 1941
State
Total, 25 States.
California
Colorado
Connecticut^
District of Columbia.
Idaho
I owa
Kansas
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Montana
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Ibkota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
elimi-
nated
14,172
1,345
308
118
501
89
421
438
474
174
105
36
1,174
309
2,330
62
760
191
4,347
22
50
72
138
182
478
48
Dismissed
and other
no-penalty
9,654
928
241
101
294
81
373
377
236
130
91
35
767
251
2,019
58
552
161
2,125
17
40
35
133
142
428
39
Per-
cent
68.1
69.0
78.2
85.6
58.7
91.0
88.5
86.1
49.8
74.7
86.7
97.2
,65.3
81.2
86.7
93.5
72.6
84.3
48.9
77.3
80.0
48:6
96.4
78.0
89.5
81.3
Acquitted
by court
( jury waived)
Number
1,152
244
7
10
34
3
3
70
1
241
5
97
1
410
1
Per-
cent
i.l
18.1
2.3
8.5
6.3
0
0.7
0.7
14.8
0.6
0
0
20.5
1.6
0
0
12.8
0.5
9.4
4.5
0
8.3
0
0.5
3.8
0
Acquitted
by
jury
3,366
173
60
7
173
8
45
58
168
43
14
1
166
53
311
4
111
29
1,812
4
10
31
5
39
32
9
Per-
cent
23.8
12.9
19.5
5.9
34.5
9.0
10.7
13.2
35.0
24.7
13.3
2.8
14.1
17. £
13.3
6.5
14.6
15.2
41.7
18.2
20.0
43.1
3.6
21.4
18
^Statistics are for the year July 1, 1941 through June 30, 1942.
3-32782
ANALYSIS OF 1941 DATA
2.8 percent in New Hampshire. The median
proportion of defendants acquitted by Jury
for the 25 States is 14.6 percent.
Table 3 shows the number and proportion
of convictions for each of the three types
of conviction, that is, for (1) pleas of
guilty, (2) convictions by court after
waiver of jury trial, and (3) jury verdicts
of guilty. As usual, a plea of guilty was
the predominant method of reaching a con-
viction. The proportion of convictions re-
sulting from pleas of guilty ranges from
98.8 percent in Rhode Island to 67.5 per-
cen+ in Utah. The median percentage for
the 24 States takea individually is 88.2
percent. (Data by method of conviction were
not available for New York State . ) Jury
verdicts of guilty accounted for 29.6 per-
cent of all convictions in Utah and 1.2
percent in Rhode Island. The median pro-
portion of convictions by jury among the 24
States is 8.2 percent.
Table 4 shows, for each of the 25
States, the number and percent of those con-
victed and sentenced, by type of sentence
imposed. In I^ontana, 75.4 percent of the
defendants sentenced for major offenses re-
ceived a prison sentence, while Rhode Is-
land, at the other end of the scale, showed
only 14.4 percent of those convicted as
sentenced ta prison or death. For the 25
States, the median proportion of convicted
defendants receiving a prison or death sen-
tence is 47.5 percent. Probation was used
most extensively in Rhode Island, where 81 .5
percent were reported as being placed on
probation or given a suspended sentence.
Rhode Island law permits defendants to waive
indictment by the grand jury and plead nolo
contendre. Such defendants very frequently
receive a deferred sentence. Probation was
used next most extensively in Utah where
45.0 percent of convicted defendants re-
ceived such treatment. Montana reported
the least use of this type of sentence with
16.1 percent, while the median percentage
of the 25 States is 32.0. Pennsylvania re-
ported the highest proportion of jail sen-
tences, and Colorado reported the lowest.
The median percentage of defendants sen-
tenced to jail is 12.1.
Disposition and Sentence, by Offense
In interpreting the data presented in
tables 5 to 8, showing disposition and sen-
tence by offense for the 25 States combined.
TABLE 3.— DEPENDANTS CONVICTED, BY METHOD OF COEVICTION, BY STATES: 1941
Total
convicted
Plea guilty
Number
Per-
cent
Court finds
guilty
( jury waived)
Number
Per-
cent
Jury verdict
guilty
Number
Per-
cent
Total, 24 States.
California
Colorado
Connecticut^
District of Columbia.
Idaho
Iowa
Kansas
r^assachusetts
Minnesota
Montana
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New fTexico
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
^40,594
,010
,037
841
,144
339
,469
986
,609
,522
398
301
,117
665
351
,755
857
,064
492
334
280
395
,152
,232
244
34,232
84.3
2,323
5.7
4,220
932
786
892
296
1,399
864
2,260
1,434
345
274
3,542
569
339
3,235
769
7,560
486
311
189
380
1,022
1,890
238
84.2
89.9
93.5
78.0
87.3
95.2
87.6
86.6
94.2
86.7
91.0
86.0
85.6
96.6
86.2
89.7
75.1
98.8
93.1
67.5
96.2
88.7
84.7
97.5
419
2
40
8
3
22
26
118
7
8
18
401
36
2
217
15
649
10
8
4
35
274
1
8.4
0.2
4.8
0.7
0.9
1.5
2.6
4.5
0.5
2.0
6.0
9.7
5.4
0.6
5.8
1.8
6.4
0
3.0
2.9
1.0
3.0
12.3
0.4
4,039
371
103
15
244
40
48
96
231
81
45
9
174
60
10
303
73
1,855
6
13
83
11
95
68
5
9.9
7.4
9.9
1.8
21.3
11.8
3.3
9.7
8.9
5.3
11.3
3.0
4.2
9.0
2.8
8.1
8.5
18.4
1.2
3,9
29.6
2.8
8.2
3.0
2.0
■"■Excludes the 7,102 defendants convicted in New York State.
^Statistics are for the year July 1, 1941 through June 30, 1942.
3-3S7a2
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 1941
TABLE 4.— DEPENDAMTS CONVICTED AND SENTENCED, BY TYPE OP SENTENCE, BY STATES: 1941
State
Defend-
ants
sen-
tenced
State prisons
and
reformatories
Probation
and
suspended
sentence
Local jails,
workhouses ,
etc.
All other
sentences
Number
Per-
cent
Number
Per-
cent
Number
Per-
cent
Number
Per-
cent
Total, 25 States. .
47,696
^18,235
38.2
15,454
32.4
10,672
22.4
3,335
7.0
5,010
1,037
841
1,144
339
1,469
986
2,609
1,522
398
301
4,117
665
7,102
351
3,755
857
10,064
492
334
280
395
1,152
2,232
244
1,457
733
289
708
179
612
691
^1,426
683
300
83
1,491
343
2,886
183
1,723
418
1,812
71
204
133
147
629
899
135
29.1
70.7
34.4
61.9
52.8
41.7
70.1
54.7
44.9
75.4
27.6
36.2
51.6
40.6
52.1
45.9
48.8
18.0
14.4
61.1
47.5
37.2
54.6
40.3
55.3
1,816
265
231
293
81
266
185
713
661
64
130
1,399
229
2,494
59
1,573
305
2,620
401
68
126
105
369
911
85
36.2
25.6
27.5
25.6
23.9
18.1
18.8
27.5
43.4
16.1
43.2
34.0
34.4
35.1
16.8
41.9
35.6
26.0
81.5
20.4
45.0
26.6
32.0
40.3
34.8
1,519
34
295
137
67
499
91
148
17
66
796
45
1,659
76
301
102
4,262
17
53
18
72
139
246
13
30.3
3.3
35.1
12.0
19.8
34.0
9.2
9.7
4.3
21.9
19.3
6.3
23.4
21.7
8.0
11.9
42.3
3.5
15.9
6.4
18.2
12.1
11.0
5.3
218
5
26
6
12
92
19
465
30
17
22
431
48
63
33
158
32
1,370
3
9
3
71
15
176
11
4.4
0.5
3.1
District of Columbia...
0.5
3.5
'i.S
1.9
17.3
2.0
4.3
7.3
10.5
7.2
0.9
9.4
4.2
3.7
13.6
0.6
2.7
Utah
1.1
13.0
1.3
7.9
4.5
■"■Includes 50 death sentences.
^Statistics are for the year July 1, 1941 through June 30, 1942.
•'includes defendants sentenced to local jails, workhouses, etc.
it must be remembered that a few States ac-
count for most of the cases reported and
that the practices followed in these States
in regard to both disposition and sentence
dominantly influence the results shown in
these tables. Five States — Pennsylvania,
New York, California, New Jersey, and Ohio —
account for about 65 percent of the cases
covered, while the other 20 States account
for the remainder.
Table 5 shows the number of defendants
disposed of in the 25 States and those elim-
inated and convicted in each offense group.
Auto theft, b\irglary, forgery and counter-
feiting, and violating drug laws show in
that order the highest proportions of con-
victions, while other major offenses and
manslaughter show the lowest proportions.
Table 6 shows, by offense, the number
and percent of defendants eliminated in the
25 States for each of the three types of
elimination. Defendants charged with for-
gery and counterfeiting show the highest
3-32782
proportion of eliminations by dismissal and
lowest proportion of acquittals by jury.
Defendants charged with murder show the
lowest proportion of eliminations by dis-
missal and the highest proportion of ac-
quittals by jury.
Table 7 shows, for each offense group,
the number and percent of defendants con-
victed and sentenced in 24 States by type
of conviction. Forgery, auto theft, larceny ,
and burglary are the offense groups showing
the highest proportion of convictions by
plea of guilty; and murder, manslaughter,
and aggravated assault are those showing
the lowest, ffurder and manslaughter, how-
ever, show the highest proportions of con-
victions by jury verdict.
Table 8 shows, for each offense group,
the number and percent of defendants con-
victed and sentenced in the 25 States, by
type of sentence imposed. As might be ex-
pected, nearly all persons convicted of
m'urder were given a death or prison sen-
ANALYSIS OF 1941 DATA
ix
TABIE 5.— DEFENDANTS ELIMINATED WITHOUT CONVICTION AND DEPENDANTS CONVICTED,
BY OFFENSE: 1941
Total
disposed
of
Eliminated with-
out conviction
Number
Convicted
Number Percent
Total.
I'furder
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
larceny, except auto theft^
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Bape
Cojimercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Violating drug laws
Carrying , etc . , weapons
Other major offenses
61,868
638
:. , 551
i,393
5,135
11,378
12,054
4,944
3,522
1,419
4,642
2,732
888
4,546
446
1,484
2,096
14,172
22.9
236
642
1,126
1,952
1,600
2,118
661
1,193
466
672
851
235
1,192
70
289
869
37.0
41.4
25.6
38.0
14.1
17.6
13.4
33.9
32.8
14.5
31.1
26.5
26.2
15.7
19.5
41.5
47,696
402
909
3,267
3,183
9,778
9,936
4,283
2,329
953
3,970
1,881
653
3,354
376
1,195
1,227
77.1
63.0
58.5
74.4
62.0
85.9
82.
86.
66.
67.
85.
68.
73.5
73.8
84.3
80.5
58.5
''Includes embezzlement and fraud in Massachiusetts.
TABIE 6.— DEFENDANTS ELIMINATED WITHOUT CONVICTION, BY METHOD OP DISPOSITION,
BY OFFENSE: 1941
Total
elimi-
nated
Dismissed and
other
no-penalty
Number
Per-
cent
Acquitted by
court
( J\ury waived)
Number
Per-
cent
Acquitted
by jury
Per-
cent
Total .
14,172
9,654
68.1
1,152
5.1
3,366
Murder
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny, except auto theft^
Auto the ft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Violating drug laws
Carrying , etc . , weapons
Other major offenses
236
642
1,126
1,952
1,600
2,118
661
1,193
466
672
851
235
1,192
70
289
869
110
344
733
1,071
1,166
1,545
492
892
313
597
554
118
770
37
181
731
46.6
53.6
65.1
54.9
72.9
73.0
74.4
74.8
67.2
88.3
65.1
50.2
54.6
52.9
62.6
84.1
17
59
92
227
108
174
62
73
38
16
45
38
115
16
42
30
7.2
9.2
8.2
11.6
6.8
8.2
9.4
6.1
8.2
2.4
5.3
16.2
9.6
22.9
14.5
3.5
109
239
301
654
326
399
107
223
115
59
252
79
307
17
66
108
23.8
46.2
37.2
26.7
33.5
20.4
18.8
16.2
19.1
24.7
8.8
29.6
33.6
25.8
24.3
22.8
12.4
^Includes embezzlement and fraud in Massachusetts.
tence. Of the 390 defendants shown in the
table as receiving death or prison sentences
for murder, 50 -were given the death sen-
tence. Probation and suspended sentence
were used most fiequently for those defend-
ants convicted of receiving stolen property,
3-32782
embezzlement and fraud, and auto theft.
The offense groups showing the highest pro-
portions of defendants given jail sentences
were violating drug laws and carrying weap-
ons.
As already pointed out, all reports
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 1941
TABIE 7.— DEFENDANTS CONVICTED, BY KETHOD OP CONVICTION, BY OFFENSE: 1941
Total
con-
victed
Plea guilty
Per-
cent
Court finds
guilty
( Jury waived)
Number
Per-
cent
Jury
verdict
guilty
Number
Per-
cent
Total .
Mo , 594
34,232
84.3
2,323
5.7
Murder
^fanslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
larceny, except auto theft"
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Violating drug laws
Carrying , etc • , weapons
Other major offenses
337
746
2,688
2,657
8,330
7,746
3,624
2,315
857
3,686
1,642
643
3,122
■ 339
898
964
165
479
2,029
1,750
7,366
6,931
3,290
2,045
692
3,509
1,237
483
2,428
271
727
825
49.0
64.2
75.5
65.9
88.4
89.5
90.8
88.3
80.7
95.2
75,3
75.9
77.8
79.9
81.0
85.6
28
58
133
320
362
384
187
97
47
74
127
56
294
32
85
39
8.3
7.3
4.9
12.0
4.3
5
5
4
5
Z.
7
.0
.2
.2
.5
.0
.7
8.7
9.4
9.4
9.5
4.0
4,039
144
209
526
587
602
431
147
173
118
103
278
99
400
36
86
100
9.9
42.7
28.0
19.6
22.1
7.2
5.6
4.1
7.5
13.8
2.8
16.9
15.4
12.8
10.6
9.6
10.4
Excludes 7 J 102 defendants convicted in New York State.
^Includes embezzlement and fraud in Massachusetts.
TABLE 8.— DEPENHANTS CONVICTED AND SENTENCED, BY TYPE OP SENTENCE, BY OFFENSE: 1941
Offense
Defend-
ants
sen-
tenced
State prisons
and
reformatories
Number
Per-
cent
Probation
and
suspended
sentence
Per-
cent
Local jails,
workhouses ,
etc.
Per-
cent
All other
sentences
Per-
cent
Total.
47,696
^13,235
38.2
15,454
32.4
10 , 672
3,335
larder
^fanslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny, except auto
theft*
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud.,
Stolen property,
receiving, etc
Forgery and counter-
feiting
Rape
Commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Violating drug laws
Carrying, etc., weapons.
Other major offenses....
402
909
3,267
3,183
9,778
9,936
4,283
2,329
953
3,970
1,881
653
3,354
376
1,195
1,227
"390
443
2,313
1,103
4,186
2,808
1,563
520
212
1,654
939
121
1,053
100
245
580
97.0
48.7
71.0
34.7
42.8
28.3
36.5
22.3
22.2
41.7
49.9
18.5
31.4
26.6
20.5
47.3
212
429
841
3,292
3,744
1,681
1,011
426
1,423
535
160
901
62
367
370
0
23.3
13.1
44.7
35.8
28.4
24.5
26.9
16.5
30.7
30.2
10
200
435
1,009
1,892
2,641
832
596
247
730
341
167
760
191
444
177
22.0
13.3
31.7
19.3
26.6
19.4
25.6
25.9
18.4
18.1
25.6
22.7
50 . 3
37.2
14.4
2
54
85
230
408
743
207
202
163
66
205
640
23
139
100
7.0
7.1
4.1
3.5
31.4
19.1
6.1
11.6
8.1
^Includes defendants sentenced to local jails, workhouses, etc., in Massachusetts
^Includes 50 death sentences.
^Includes embezzlement and fraud in Massachusetts.
3-32782
ANALYSIS OF 1941 DATA
xi
received in the Census Biireau's collection
of judicial criminal statistics are made
volunt6irily , and in some of the 20 States
reporting by the tally-sheet method reports
were not received from all clerks of court.
Table 9 shows, by States, the total number
of counties and the number of courts, by
type, that furnished statistics for 1941,
and the percentage of the population in each
State that resides within the jurisdiction
of the reporting courts, as based on the
1940 census.
TABLE 9.— NUMBER AND TYPE OF COUETS FURNISHING REPORTS, BY STATES: 1941
State
Number
of
coun-
ties
in
State
Number of reports received from each type of court
Dis-
trict
Cir-
cuit
Supe-
rior
Com-
mon
pleas
Quarter
session
and
oyer
and
term-
iner
Coun-
ty
nic-
ipal
Percent
of
pop-
ulation
cover-
age^
California
Colorado
Connecticut
District of Columbia.
Idaho
Iowa
Kansas
>'assachusetts
Minnesota
Nontana
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
Wyoming
58
63
8
1
44
99
105
14
87
56
10
21
31
62
53
38
36
67
5
69
29
14
39
71
23
59
1
44
100
109
'87
56
23
20
63
62
71.8
99.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.8
100.0
100.0
97.3
100.0
99.7
97.7
100.0
100.0
96.2
95.7
100.0
^Percent of the population of the State residing within the Jurisdictional limits of reporting courts as
based on the 1940 census. Percent of coverage could not be computed for States in which some courts having
concurrent jurisdiction within certain counties did not report.
^Several counties in these States were combined with other counties for reporting puirposes.
3-32782
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: AlASSACHUSETTS
5
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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Calit. Director
WASHINSTON
Page ?
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
RHODE ISLAND, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from the De-
partment of Social Welfare at Providence reports on
514 defendants charged with major offenses who were
disposed of in the 4 superior courts of Rhode Island
during the calendar year 1941. The number of defend-
ants charged with and convicted of selected major of-
fenses during 1941- and the preceding 4 years are pre-
sented in table 1, together with the rate per 100,000
population. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome of
defendants charged with major offenses during the
past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sentence
imposed on defendants who were convicted. Betailed
data on procedural outcome and sentence or treatment
of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are presented
in table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction and
whose oases Were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than
one offense, if not convicled, was tabulated by the
most serious offense charged, and In the case of
conviction, by the most serious offense of whioh
convicted.
Of the 514 persons charged with major offenses
in 1941, 492, or about 19 out of every 20, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 401, or about 16 out
of every 20, were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence; and 71, or about 3 out of every 20,
were sentenced to a State prison or reformatory. No
defendants were charged with murder; of the 2 charged
with manslaughter, 1 was convicted and imprisoned. Of
the 404 defendants charged with major crimes against
property in 1941 (burglary, laioeny, auto theft, em-
bezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and
counterfeiting) 39b, or about 19 out of every 20, were
oonvioted. Of the 67 pet Hons charged with major
orlmes against the person (murder, manslaughter, rob-
bery, aggravated assault, and rape) 61, or about 18
out of every 20, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses increased from 81.9
in 1937 to 93.8 in 1938 and then decreased to 72.1 in
1941. The rate for defendants convicted of major of-
fenses followed the same general trend, increasing
from 80.7 in 1937 to 90.0 in 1938 and then decreasing
to 69.0 in 1941. More defendants were charged and
convicted of burglary than of any other offense dur-
ing 1941, although the figures were rather high for
auto theft. The rate for defendants convicted of
burglary increased from 36.6 in 1937 to 43.9 in 1939
and then decreased to 31.0 in 1941. The conviction
rate for auto theft increased steadily from 12.2 in
1938 to 16.7 in 1941. In the past 5 years, 1941 was
the only year in which there were no dispositions for
murder. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 19 out of every
20 defendants charged with major offenses were oon-
vioted. Although the percent of convictions fluctuat-
ed somewhat from year to year, there was, in general, a
decrease from 98.6 in 1937 to 95.7 in 1941. Of all
defendants convicted, the greatest proportion entered
a plea of nolo contendere or not guilty. In 1941,
94.6 percent of all defendants pleaded nolo contendere,
while only 1.2 percent were found guilty by jury.
(See table 2. )
Annually over the past 5 years more than three-
fifths of all convicted defendants have been placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence. The pro-
portion so sentenced showed no definite trend prior
to 1939, but since that year has Increased from 60.3
percent to 81.5 in 1941. The percent of convicted
defendants sentenced to prison or reformatory decreased
from 31.0 in 1939 to 14.4 in 1941, and those sentenced
to pay a fins or to imprisonment in a local institu-
tion similarly decreased.
-DEFENDANTS CHAROED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES, IN RHODE ISLAND,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPUUTION, 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBED
RATE
igai
igwo
1939
1938
1937
19"*!
19W
1939
1938
1937
514
600
632
651
568
72.1
84.1
90.1
93.8
81.9
MUKUtR
ii
^a
29
224
14
122
17
3
24
6
43
2
3
20
33
258
21
109
62
1
12
26
53
1
5
29
4
310
18
95
28
3
17
26
96
2
3
43
11
304
15
85
17
1
25
35
110
2
5
9
29
254
25
117
26
1
13
28
59
0
0.3
3.9
4.1
31.4
2.0
17.1
2.4
0.4
3.4
1.1
6.0
0.3
0.4
2.8
4.6
36.2
2.9
15.3
8.7
0.1
1.7
3.6
7.4
0.1
0.7
4.1
0.6
44.2
2.6
13.5
4.0
0.4
2.4
3.7
13.7
0.3
0.4
6.2
1.6
43.8
2.2
12.2
2.4
0.1
3.6
5.0
15.8
0.3
0.7
1.3
4.2
36.6
3.6
16.9
3.7
STOHN PROPtKTY, BECeiVING, ETC
0.1
1.9
4.0
8.5
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Majoh ofrpHBjn. ioiai
492
87]
625
625
560
69.0
80.0
89.1
90.0
80.7
1
26
28
221
13
119
16
3
23
7
36
1
3
20
32
254
20
103
50
1
12
26
49
1
5
28
4
308
18
95
28
3
17
25
93
2
3
41
11
302
15
85
15
1
26
38
90
2
5
8
29
254
23
117
■ 26
1
12
27
56
0
0.1
3.6
3.9
31.0
1.8
16.7
2.2
0.4
3.2
1.0
5.0
0.1
0.4
2.8
4.5
35.6
2,8
14.4
7.0
0.1
1.7
3.6
6.9
0.1
0.7
4.0
0.6
43.9
2.6
13.5
4.0
0.4
2.4
3.6
13.3
0.3
0.4
5.9
1.6
43.5
2.2
12.2
2.2
0.1
3.6
5.0
13.0
0.3
0.7
1.2
4.2
36.6
3.3
16.9
3.7
STOUN PROPeRTY^ ReCIIVINQ, ITO
0.1
1.7
Rape
3.9
8.1
Note .—Rip-onrs cover 100 circeni oc the fOci/iAi ion of iHi State por 1957-19<(1.
i-OPULAiioN OF 19«o; 'OR 195/1939 on EeilMAim popuiaiion*.
Rates ror 19^0 and 19m are based on enumerated
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: RHODE ISLAND
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Itoy 25, 19U2
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse 8. Jones. Secretary
BORSAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, Ho. 3, Page 5
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
MONTANA, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court in Montana reports on 503 defendants charged
with major offenses who were disposed of in the dis-
trict courts of the 56 counties during the calendar
year 1941. The number of defendants charged with and
convicted of selected major offenses during 1941 and
the preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, to-
gether with the rate per 100,000 population. Table Z
shows the procedural outcome of defendants charged
with major offenses during the past 5 years, while
table 3 shows, the type of sentence imposed on defend-
ants who were convicted. Detailed data on procedural
outcome and sentence or treatment of all defendants
disposed of in 1941 are presented in table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons charged with a major offense and actually
brought before ^a cour'C having felony jurisdiction
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar yea.-. If not convicted, a defendant charged
with more than one offense was tabulated f>y the most
serious offense charged, but in the case of conviction,
by the most serious offense of which convicted.
Of the 503 defendants charged with major offenses
in 1941, 398, or about 8 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced; and of these, 300, or about 15
out of every 20, were sentenced to prisons or reform-
atories; 64, or about 3 out of every 20, were placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence. Of the
10 defendants who were charged with 'murder, 7 were
convicted and imprisoned. Of the 364 defendants
charged with major crimes against property in 1941
(burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud,
stolen property, forgery, and coiinterfeiting) 304, or
about 8 out of every 10, were convicted'. Of the 100
persons charged with major crimes against the person
(murder, manslaughter, robbery, aggravated assault,
and rape) 65, or about 7 out of every 10, were con-
victed. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses has decreased to 89.9
in 1941 from 111.3 in 1937. The rate for defendants
convicted of major offenses has decreased from 87.6
in 1938 to 71.1 in 1941. More defendants were charged
and convicted of larceny than of any other offense
during 1941, although the rates in previous years
were gei erally higher for burglary. Convictions for
forgery and counterfeiting ranked second in volume
in 1941, for the first time, the rate per 100,000
population having steadily increased since 1937. The
rate for defendants convicted of larceny in 1941 was
19.1; forgery and counterfeiting, 16.1; and burglary,
14.3. The rate for defendants convicted of murder in
1941 was 1.3 as compared with 2.3 in 1937. (See
table 1.)
During the past 5 years, 8 or 9 out of every 10
defendants charged withmajor offenses were convicted.
Al.though the percent of defendants convicted decreased
to 79.1 in 1941 from 85.8 in 1938, it was not so low
as in 1937 when only 77.1 percent were convicted. Of
all defendants convicted, the greatest proportion
plgaded guilty. In 1941, 68.6 percent of all defend-
ants pleaded guilty, whereas only 8.9 percent were
found guilty by jury and 1.6 percent by court. (See
table 2.)
Nearly three-fourths of all defendants convict-
ed during each of the past 5 years were sentenced to
imprisonment in a State prison or reformatory. In
1941, 75.4 percent of all convicted defendants were
so" sentenced, as compared with 16.1 percent placed on
probation or given a suspended sentence, and 4.3 per-
cent sentenced to local jails or workhouses. In 1940,
77.5 percent were sentenced to State prisons or re-
formatories, while in 1938 the percentage was 70.9.
(See table 3.)
TABLE 1 . —DEPENDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN MONTANA,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE
I9ai
19^0
1959
1938
1937
igi^i
1940
1959
1958
1957
M«JOR OFFENSES, TOTAL
503
549
375
345
586
89.9
98.1
97.0
102.1
111.3
10
5
27
22
99
134
19
7
7
98
36
39
8
5
31
30
149
115
42
7
28
91
27
16
8
6
16
22
93
97
14 ■
12
6
61
13
27
5
6
19
18
89
81
21
12
6
46
17
25
18
15
40
42
139
130
28
13
11
54
45
51
1.8
0.9
4.8
3.9
17.7
24.0
3.4
1.3
1.3
17.5
6.4
7.0
1.4
0.9
5.5
5.4
26.6
20.6
7.5
1.3
5.0
16.3
4.8
2.9
2.1
1.6
4.1
5.7
24.1
25.1
3.6
3.1
1.6
15.8
3.4
7.0
1.5
1.8
5.6
5.3
26.3
24.0
6.2
3.6
1.8
13.6
5.0
7.4
3.4
2.8
7.6
8.0
26.4
24.7
5.3
2.5
Stolen pbopebty, receiving, etc
2.1
10.3
Rape
8.5
9.7
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
398
453
321
296
452
71.1
81.0
83.1
87.6
85.3
7
3
21
18-
80
107
15
6
6
90
16
29
5
1
23
23
131
95
33
•4
26
84
17
11
6
3
10
20
89
78
14
9
4
58
9
21
5
2
15
15
81
69
20
10
5
44
12
17
12
7
33
21
119
103
25
8
10
52
22
40
1.3
0.5
3.8
3.2
14.3
19.1
2.7
1.1
1.1
16.1
2.9
5.2
0.9
0.2
4.1
4.1
23.4
17.0
5.9
0.7
4.6
15.1
3.0
2.0
1.6
0.8
2.6
5.2
23.0
20.2
3.6
2.3
1.0
15.0
2.3
5.4
1.5
0.6
4.7
4.4
24.0
20.4
5.9
3.0
1.5
13.0
3.6
5.0
2.3
1.3
6.3
4.0
22.6
19.6
4.7
1.5
Stolen property, receiving, etc
1.9
10.0
4.2
Other major offenses
7.6
Note. — On t«e basis of the 1940 census, reports cover 96.5 percent of the population of the State for 1937, 61.9 percent for
1938, 70.0 percent for 1939, and 100. 0 percent for 1940-1941.. rates for 1940 and 19u1 are based on enumerated population of 1940;
FOR 1937-1939 OH latest estimated population. The rates For 1957-1939 are based on the percent of population covered bt the reports.
f^Mf
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: MONTANA
O CO 0> COO* rHO
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I i 5 I I I
5c56>c36
V»y 29. I<5i42
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jtsse H. Jones, Secretary
BUREAU OR THE CENSUS
J. C. Co^t, Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 4, Page
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
NEW YORK, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from the Hew
York State Department of Correction reports on 9,432
defendants charged with major offenses who were dis-
posed of in the trial courts of the 62 counties {in-
cluding the 5 counties that are boroughs of New York
City) during the calendar year 1941. The number of
defendants charged with and convicted of selected
major offenses during 1941 and the preceding 4 years
are presented in table 1, together with rate per
100,000 population. Table 2 shows the procedural
outcome for defendants charged with major offenses
d'oring the past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type
of sentence Imposed on those defendants vino were con-
victed. Detailed data on procedural outcome and sen-
tence or treatment for all defendants disposed of in
1941 are presented, by offense, in table 4.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a coxirt having felony jurisdiction
whose cases were disposed of by the court during
the calendar year. A defendant charged with more
than one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated
by the most serious offense charged, and, in the
case of conviction, by the offense for which sen-
tenced.
Of the 9,432 defendants charged with major of-
fenses in 1941, 7,102, or about 8 out of every 10,
were convicted and sentenced; of these, 2,865, or
about 8 out of every 20, were sentenced to imprisonment
in a State institution for adults; 2,494, or about 7
out of every 20, were placed on probation or given a
suspended sentence; and 1,659, or about 5 out of every
20, jvere sentenced to imprisonment in a local insti-
tution. Of the 114 defendants charged with murder,
65 were convicted; of these, 21 received the death
penalty and 42 were imprisoned in a State prison or
reformatory. Of the 5,631 defendants charged with
major crimes against property in 1941 (burglary, lar-
ceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud, stolen property,
forgery, and counterfeiting), 4,691, or about 8 out
of every 10, were convicted. Of the 2,265 persons
charged with major crimes against the person (murder,
manslaughter, robbery, aggravated assault, and rape)
1,572, or about 7 out of every 10, were convicted.
(See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses has fluctuated from
year to year, but the greatest change was a decrease
from 80.1 in 1940 to 70.0 in 1941. The rate for de-
fendants convicted of major offenses increased from
57.8 in .1937 to 59.3 in 1939 and then decreased to
52.7 in 1941. Wore defendants were charged with and
convicted of larceny in 1941, 1940, and 1937 than of
any other offense, while in 1939 and 1938 more mere
charged with and convicted of burglary. In 1941 the
rate for defendants convicted of larceny was 16.2, as
compared with 10.7 for burglary, whereas in 1939 the
rate for burglary was 15.4, as compared with 15.2 for
larceny. The rate for defendants convicted of murder
has remained rather constant at 0.5 or 0.6 during the
past 5 years. (See table 1.)
During the 5-year period, about 3 out of every 4
defendants charged with major offenses were convicted.
The percentage of defendants convicted fluctuated
fram year to year, being 75.3 in 1941, as compared
with 72.6 in 1940 and 78.0 in 1939. Data . showing
procedural outcome for defendants convicted is not
available for New York. (See table 2.)
Annually over the past 5 years, about two-fifths
of all convicted defendants have been sentenced to
imprisonment in State institutions, but the percentage
so sentenced has shown a slight decrease (43.6 percent
to 40.3) from 1938 to 1941. The percentage of defend-
ants placed on probation or given a suspended sentence
increased from 31.8 in 1937 to 36.3 in 1940, but
dropped to 35.1 in 1941. (See table 3.)
-DEPESDAHTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IK NEW YORK,
BY NXmSER AND HATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE PER 100,000 population
igyi
19140
1939
1938
193''
19a 1
igao
1939
1938
1937
Major offenses. loiAt
9,432
10,797
10,153
10,687
10,316
70.0
80.1
76.0
79.4
76.8
114
229
818
737
1,817
2,485
778
20
174
357
367
1,536
146
210
1,179
787
2,359
2,799
789
30
221
505
433
1,339
106
222
947
816
2,413
2,375
732
17
177
408
437
1,503
112
222
1,169
924
2,491
2,453
653
41
231
446
398
1,547
141
251
995
998
2,207
2,601
544
158
202
335
438
1,446
0.8
1.7
6.1
5.5
13.5
18.4
5.8
0.1
1.3
2.6
2.7
11.4
. 1.1
1.6
8.7
5.8
17.5
20.8
5.9
0.2
1.6
3.7
3.2
9.9
0.8
1.7
7.1
6.1
18.1
17.8
5.5
0.1
1.3
3.1
3.3
11.2
0.8
1.7
3.7
6.9
18.5
18.2
4.9
0.3
1.7
3.3
3.0
11.5
1.9
7.4
7.4
16.4
LABCtKY, EXCEPT AUTO THEFT
19.4
1.2
1.5
2.5
3.3
10.8
Stolen pboperty, recejving, etc...
forcebt and counterfeiting
Rape
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, tota
Murder
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny, except auto theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgery and couhtfrfe it ing
Other major offenses
65
163
579
526
1,448
2,190
659
14
96
284
239
839
7,854
85
149
700
484
1,883
2,294
665
10
114
366
243
841
7,924
61
139
691
568
2,058
2,026
623
5
35
327
294
1,047
7,803 7,760
67
125
793
607
2,060
2,045
535
15
80
333
249
894
77
160
694
662
1,914
2,128
456
76
106
251
299
937
52.7
0.5
1.2
4.3
3.9
10.7
16.2
4.9
0.1
0.7
2.1
1.8
6.2
58.1
0.6
1.1
5.2
3.6
14.0
17.0
4.9
0.1
0.8
2.7
0.5
1.0
5.2
4.3
15.4
15.2
4.7
0.0
0.6
2.4
2.2
7.8
0.5
0.9
5.9
4.5
0.1
0.6
2.5
1.9
6.6
57.8
0.6
1.2
5.2
4.9
14.3
15.9
3.4
0.6
0.8
1.9
2.2
7.0
Note. — On the basis of the 19U0 census, reports cover 100 percen
mately 99.0 percent for 1939, and 100 percent for 1914O and 19m. Rat
for 1937-1939 ON estimated populations.
Symbol: 0.0 indicates "less than one-tenth of 1 per 100,000 pop
LATiON of the State
no 19141 based on enu
■OR 1937 AND 1938, APPflCXI-
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^-iill-J
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: NEW YOFiK
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0. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Juna 5, 19I42
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Dirtctor
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, Ko. 5, Page 9
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from the clerks
of court in New Hampshire reports on 337 defendants
charged with major offenses who were disposed of in
the superior courts of the 10 counties during the
calendar year 1941. Ihe number of defendants charged
with and convicted of selected major offenses during
1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented in table
1, together with the rate per 100,000 population.
' Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for defendants
charged with major offenses during the past 5 years,
while table 3 shows the type of sentence Imposed on
those defendants who were convicted. Detailed data
on procedural outcome and sentence or treatment of
all defendants disposed of in 1941 are presented in
table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than one
offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense charged, and in the case of convic-
tion, by the most serious offense of which convicted.
Of the 337 defendants charged with major offenses
in 1941, 301, or about 9 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 130, or about 4 out
of every 10, were placed on probation or had sentence
suspended; and 83, or about 3 out of every 10, were
sentenced to imprisonment in a State institution for
adults. There were no convictions for murder, but
there were 3 convictions for manslaughter. Of the 220
defendants charged with major crlires against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement,
fraud, stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting),
202, or about 18 out of every 20, were convicted. Of
the 57 persons charged with major crimes against the
person (murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault,
and rape), 49, or about 17 out of every 20, were
convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses showed an increase
from 88.5 in 1937 to 103.0 in 1938, but had decreased
to 68.6 by 1941. The, rate for defendants convicted
of major offenses fluctuated from year to year, being
highest at 80.6 in 1938 and lowest at 61.2 in 1941.
More defendants were charged with and convicted of
burglary than of any other offense in 1938, 1939, and
1941, but in 1937 and 1940, more were charged with
and convicted of larceny. The rate for defendants
convicted of burglary was 14.9 in 1941 as compared
with 11.5 for larceny, whereas in 1937 the rate for
larceny was 23.5 as compared with 16.1 for burglary.
The rate for burglary reached the highest peak at
24.7 in 1938 and then steadily declined. In 1939
there were six defendants convicted of murder (a rate
of 1.2 per 100,000 population) as compared with none
in 1941 and one (a rate of 0.2) in 1940. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, 8 out of every 10 de-
fendants charged with major offenses have been con-
victed. The percentage of defendants convicted in-
creased from 77.3 in 1939 to 88.2 in 1940 anS to 89.3
in 1941, having decreased from 84.6 in 1937 to 73.2
in 1938. Of all defendants convicted, the greatest
proportion pleaded guilty. In 1941, 81.3 percent of
all defendants pleaded guilty, whereas only 5.3 per-
cent were found guilty by court and 2.7 percent by
jury. (See table 2. )
Nearly one-half of all defendants convicted dur-
ing the past 5 years were placed on probation or had
sentence suspended. The proportion of these convicted
defendants increased from 39.2 percent in 1937 to
53.0 percent in 1940, but declined to 43.9 percent in
1941. The proportion of defendants sentenced to im-
prisonment in a State institution for adults decreased
from 31.7 in 1937 to 27.0 in 1939, but increased to
27.3 percent in 1940 and 27.6 in 1941. (See table 3.)
TABLE 1 . — EEraaimSTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OPPEHSES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
rate per 100,000 POPULATION
OFFENSE
19'41
19W
1939
1938
193''
1911
19U0
1939
1933
1937
Major ofpehses, total
337
432
436
496
422
68.6
87.9
89.3
:103 , 0
88,5
1
3
10
19
79
59
15
32
7
18
34
60
1
2
8
13
90
98
24
54
4
20
27
91
8
4
15
18
109
78
20
74
5
10
29
66
3
4
15
15
150
105
16
75
5
10
30
68
3
9
6
91
126
15
38
1
18
51
55
0.2
0.6
2.0
3.9
16.1
12.0
3.1
6.5
1.4
3.7
6.9
12.2
0.2
0.4
1.6
2.6
18.3
19.9
4.9
11.0
0.8
4.1
5.5
18.5
1.6
0.8
3.1
3.7
22.3
16.0
4,1
15.1
1.0
2.0
5.9
13.5
0.6
0.8
3.1
3.1
31.1
21.8
3.3
15.6
1.0
2.1
6.2
14.1
0.6
1.9
1.9
1.3
19.1
Labceny, exce?-' auto theft
26.4
3.1
Stolen pboperty, receiving, e-tc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
0.2
3.8
10.7
11.5
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offe
NSES, total
ULT
Larceny, except
AUTO TMEFT
Stolen properti
Forgery aho co
, RECE IVIN6, ETC. . .
NTFRFE ITING
Other major off
3
0.6
1.8
3.5
14.9
11.6
2.6
5.3
5.9
10.2
77.5
0.2
0.2
1.6
2.4
17.5
18.7
4.3
8.7
0.6
3.7
4.1
15.5
Note. — Reports cover 100 percent of the population
population of 19u0; for 1937-1939 on estimated populatio
69.0
1.2
0.6
2.7
2.9
19.4
14.1
3.5
6.6
0.8
1.8
4.1
11.3
0.2
0.8
2.3
2.3
24.7
18.5
2.9
10.8
0.8
2.1
5.0
10.2
HE State for 1937-19U1. Rates for iguo ano 19m based
1.3
1.7
1,3
16.1
23.5
2.3
5.7
0.2
. 3.6
8.6
10.3
UMERATEO
10
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: NEW HAMPSHIRE
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JlliliillillllF^^'-'^
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesit H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, Ko. 6, Page 11
June 11, 19lj2
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
KANSAS, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court in Kansas reports on 1,424 defendants charged
with major offenses who were disposed of in the dis-
trict courts of the 105 counties during the calendar
year 1941. The number of defendants charged with and
convicted of selected major offenses during 1941 and
the preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, to-
gether with the rate per 100,000 population. Table Z
shows the procedural outcome for defendants charged
with major offenses during the past & years, while
table 3 shows the type of sentence imposed on those
defendants who were convicted. Detailed data on pro-
cedural outcome and sentence or treatment of all de-
fendants disposed of in 1941 are presented in table 4
by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons, charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose oases were disposed of by the court during
the calendar year. A defendant charged with more
than one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by
the most serious offense "obarf^ad, and in the case of
conviction, by the most berious offense of which
convicted.
Of the 1,424 defendants charged with major of-
fenses in 1941, 986, or about 7 out of every 10, were
convicted and sentenced; of these, 691, or about 7
out of 10, were sentenced to imprisonment in a State
institution for adults; and 185, or about 2 out of
every 10, were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence. Of the ■ 21 defendants charged with
murder, 10 were convicted and imprisoned. Of the
1,149 defendants charged with major crimes against
property (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft,
embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and
counterfeiting), 850, or about 7 out of every 10, were
convicted. Of the 201 persons charged with ma^or
crimes against the person (murder, manslaughter, ag-
gravated assault, and rape), 92, or about 5 out of
every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses decreased, in gen-
eral, from 96.6 in 1937 to 79.1 in 1941, with the
exception of an increase to 99.0 in 1939. The rate
for defendants convicted of major offenses followed
the same trend, decreasing from 72.2 in 1937 to 54.7
in 1941, with the rise of 1939 reaching 76.8. More
defendants were charged with and convicted of larceny
than of any other offense during the 5-year period;
convictions for burglary ranked second in volume.
Although the rate for defendants convicted -of larceny
was 25.8 in 1939, it had decreased to 15.8 by 1941.
There were more convictions for murder in 1936 than
in any other year — the rate for that year being 1.7
as compared with0.6for 1940 and 1941. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 8 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses have been con-
victed. The percentage . of defendants convicted has
fluctuated from year to year, but the greatest change
was a decrease from 79.0 percent in 1940 to 69.2 per-
cent in 1941. Of all defendants convicted, the great-
est proportion have pleaded guilty. In 1941, 60.7
percent of all defendants pleaded guilty, whereas
only 6.7 percent were found guilty by jury and 1.8
percent by court, (See table 2.)
About seven-tenths of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to Imprisonment
in ■ a State institution for adults. The percent so
sentenced has fluctuated from year to year, decreasing
from 78.0 in 1938 to 65.1 in 1939 and from 71.2 in
1940 to 70.1 in 1941. The proportion placed on pro-
bation or given suspended sentence also fluctuated
from year to year, decreasing from 15.1 in 1937 to
9.0 in 1938 and from 22.7 in 1939 to 18.7 in 1940,,
and registering a slight increase to 18.8 in 1941.
(See -table 3.)
TABLE 1.— DEPENDAHTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN KANSAS, BY NUMBER AND RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE FEB 100,000 POPULATION
19«1
1910
1959
1958
1937
igui
19M0
1959
1958
1937
M«JOB OFFENSES, TOTAL
1,424
1,430
1,805
1,658
1,793
79.1
79.4
99.0
90.0
96.6
Murder
21
23
72
89
267
369
95
85
29
232
68
74
16
14
54
60
290
404
72
123
25
205
70
97
29
22
71
55
301
554
76
174
27
258
100
138
40
27
78
71
270
525
95
124
33
199
89
107
34
23
98
60
286
548
93
176
31
236
76
132
1.2
1.3
4.0
4.9
14.8
20.5
5.3
4.7
1.6
12.9
3.8
4.1
0.9
0.8
3.0
3.3
16.1
22.4
4.0
6.8
1.4
11.4
3.9
5.4
1.6
1.2
3.9
3.0
16.5
30.4
4.2
9.5
1.5
14.1
5.5
7.6
2.2
1.5
4.2
3.9
14.7
28.5
5.2
6.7
1.8
10.8
4.8
5.8
1 8
1.2
5.3
3.2
15.4
29.5
5.0
9.5
1.7
12.7
4.1
7.1
Larceny, except auto theft
Stolen propehty, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses,
Murder
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary.
Larceny, except auto th
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud.
Stolen property, heceiv
Forgery and countfrfeit
Other
JOR OFFENSES.
206
285
171
37
43
36
244
345
182
38
Note. — Reports cover lOO percent of the populat
JLATiON of igao; for 1937-1939 on estimated popul
22
15
51
39
255
470
67
86
20
213
64
53
40
225
449
78
73
24
160
57
18
12
71
30
229
461
77
81
26
191
52
93
0.6
0.8
3.1
1.7
11.4'
15.8
4.4
2.0
0.9
9.5
2.1
2.4
0.6
0.6
2.4
2.0
13.5
19.2
3.8
3.9
0.9
10.1
2.1
3.7
76.8
1.2
0.8
2.8
2.1
14.0
25.8
3.7
4.7
1.1
11.7
70.3
1.7
1.0
2.9
2.2
12.2
24.4
4.2
4.0
1.3
6.7
3.1
4.7
72.2
1.0
0.6
3.3
1.6
12.3
24.8
4.1
4.4
1.4
10.3
2.8
5.0
HE State for i937-19'*l. Rates for 1940 and 19m are based on enuhcrated
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: KANSAS
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5 3 I 5 5 J 5 3 Ji i§ tJ ,5 I ; <3 6
5. DEPARTMENT OP COMMERCE
Jessi H. Jones, Secretary
BUREAU or THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 7, Page 13
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
June U, 19li2
WYOMING, 1941
The Bureau of the Census i-eoeived from the clerks
of court in Wyoming reports on 29£ defendants charged
with major offenses who were disposed of in the dis-
trict courts of the 23 counties during the calendar
year 1941. The number of defendants charged with and
convicted of selected major offenses during 1941 and
the preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, to-
gether with the rate per 100,000 population. Table 2
shows the procedural outcome for defendants charged
jdth major offenses during the past 5 years, while
■table 3 shows the type of sentence imposed on those
' defendants who vrere convicted. Detailed data on pro-
cedural outcome and sentence or treatment of all de-
fendants disposed of in 1941 are presented in table 4
by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons, charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than
one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the
most serious offense charged, and in the case of
conviction, by the most serious offense of which
convicted.
Of the 292 defendants charged with major offenses
in 1941, 244, or about 8 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 135, or about 11 out
of every 20 were sentenced to imprisonment in a State
institution for adults; and 85, or about 7 out of
every 20, were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence. Of the 5 defendants charged with
murder, 4 were convicted and imprisoned. Of the 260
defendants charged with major crimes against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement,
fraud, stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting),
223, or about 9 out of every 10, were convicted. Of
the 26 persons charged with major crimes against the
person (murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and
rape), 16, or about 6 out of every 10, were convicted.
(See table 4. )
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses showed a general de-
crease from 142.0 in 1937 to 116.5 in 1941, although
a momentary rise was registered in 1939 when the rate
jumped to 155.5. The rate for defendants convicted
of major offenses followed the same trend, decreasing
from 115.2 in 1937 to 97.3 in 1941, with a momentary
peak of 129.7 in 1939. In 1941, 1938, and 1937, more
defendants were charged with and convicted of larceny
than of any other offense; in 1940 the convictions
were the same for larceny as for burglary, while in
1939 they were higher for burglary. Convictions for
forgery and counterfeiting ranked second in volume in
1941 for the first time. During the 5 years, the
rate for larceny decreased, in general, from 42.9 in
1937 to 29.9 in'1941. Forgery and counterfeiting in-
creased from 18.2 in 1937 to 23.5 in 1941, and burglary
increased from 23.8 in 1937 to 36.8 in 1939 and then
declined to 19.9 in 1941. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years about 8 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses were convicted.
The percentage of defendants convicted fluctuated
from year to year, being 83.6 in 1941 as compared
with 77.6 in 1940 and 83.4 in 1939. Of all defendants
convicted, the greatest proportion pleaded guilty. In
1941, 81.5 percent of all defendants pleaded guilty,
whereas only 1.7 percent were found guilty by jury
and 0.3 percent by court. (See table 2.)
Nearly three-fifths of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years have been sentenced to im-
prisonment in a State institution for adults. The
proportion so sentenced each year has shown a definite
decrease, from 68.0 percent in 1937 to 55.3 percent
in 1941. In contrast, however, the proportion placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence increased
from 16.6 in 1938 to 34.8 in 1941. (See table 3.)
-DEPENDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OPPENSES IN WYOMING, BY NUMBER AND RATE
PER 100,000 POPUXATION: 1937-1941
DEFFMOANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
— — -
rate per 100,000 POPULATION
1911
igio
1939
1938
1937
1941
1940
1959
1958
1957
Major offenses, total
292
322
385
317
328
116.5
128.4
155.5
138.0
142.0
5
2
15
10
57
85
22
10
7
64
9
6
4
5
15
10
72
82
20
28
6
60
8
12
4
7
17
17
98
92
29
22
9
70
17
3
6
1
6
15
64
82
19
30
8
50
14
22
7
4
13
10
70
114
20
11
7
45
11
16
2.0
0.8
6.0
4.0
22.7
33.9
8.8
4.0
2.8
25.5
3.6
2.4
1.6
2.0
6.0
4.0
28.7
32.7
8.0
11.2
2.4
23.9
3.2
4.8
1.6
2.8
6.9
6.9
39.6
37.2
11.7
8.9
3.6
28.3
6.9
1.2
2.6
0.4
2.6
6.5
27.9
35.7
8.3
13.1
3.5
21.8
6.1
9.6
3.0
1.7
.5.6
4.3
30.3
49.4
8.7
Larceny, except auto theft
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeitin';
3.0
19.5
4.8
6.9
OTHeR MAJOR OFFENSES
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, . tota
Murder
Manslaughter. . .
Robbery
Aggravated assa
Burglary
Larceny, except
Auto theft
Embezzlement an
Stolen property
FoRGEftY AND ecu
Rape
Ot«er major offenses.
11
1.6
0.8
5.2
2.8
19.9
29.9
5.£
2.4
2.8
23.5
1,2
2.0
99.7 1S9.7 107.5
0.8
1.2
5.2
2.3
25.9
25.9
5.2
5.2
2.0
19.9
1.6
4.0
0.4
1.6
6.5
5.3
36.8
31.1
10.5
6.5
2.0
24.6
3.6
0.8
115.2
2.6
0.4
4.8
2.6
23.3
42.9
7.4
3.0
1.3
18.2
2.2
6.1
Note. — On the basis of the 1940 census, reports cover 95.6 percent of t«e population of the State for 1937, 93.8 percent for
1938, AND 100.0 PERCENT FOR 1959-41. Rates are based on 1940 census figures and latest population estimates for 1937-1939. The
RATES for 1937 AND 1938 ARE BASED ON THE PERCENT OF POPULATION COVERED BY THE REPORTS.
14
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: WYOMING
g
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Juno 19. 19U2
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesit H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 8, Page 15
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
IDAHO, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court in IdaJio reports on 428 defendants charged with
major offenses who were disposed of in the district
coxurts of the 44 counties during the calendar year
1941. The number of defendants charged with and con-
victed of selected major offenses during" 1941 and the
preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, together
with the rate per 100,000 population. Table 2 shows
the procedural outcome for defendants charged with
major offenses during the past 5 years, while table 3
shows the type of sentence imposed on those defendants
who were convicted. Detailed data on procedural out-
come and sentence or treatment of all defendants dis-
posed of in 1941 are presented in table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than one
offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense charged, and, in the case of convic-
tion, by the most serious offense of which convicted.
Of the 428 persons charged with major offenses
in 1941, 239, or about 8 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 179, or about 5 out
of 10, were sentenced to a State prison or reforma-
tory; and 81, or 2 out of 10, were placed on probation
or given a suspended sentence. Six defendants were
convicted of murder and Imprisoned in a State insti-
tution. Of the 352 persons charged with major crimes
against property in 1941 (robbery, burglary, larceny,
auto theft, embezzlement, fraud, stolen property,
forgery, and counterfeiting), 284, or about 8 out of
every 10, were convicted. Of the 48 persons charged
with major crimes against the person (murder, man-
slaughter, aggravated assault, and rape), 32, or about
7 out of every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses increased from 87.3
in 1937 to 115.1 in 1939, and then decreased to 81.5
in 1941. The rate for defendants convicted of major
offenses followed the same general trend, increasing
from 76.2 in 1937 to 98.8 in 1939, and then decreas-
ing to 64.6 in 1941. More defendants were convicted
of burglary than of any other offense in 1939-1941
while in 1937 and 1938 more were convicted of forgery
and counterfeiting. The rate for defendants convicted
of burglary increased from 18.4 in 1937 to 30.4 in
1939, but decreased to 18.1 in 1941, and the rate for
forgery and counterfeiting increased from 20.0 in
1937 to 26.7 in 1939, then decreased to 17.0 in 1941.
(See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 8 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses were convicted.
Aside from a slight increase in 1939, the rate of con-
viction decreased from 87.3 in 1937 to 79.2 in 1941.
Of all defendants convicted, the greatest proportion
pleaded guilty. In 1941, 69.2 percent of all defend-
ants pleaded guilty, whereas only 9.3 percent were
found guilty by jury verdict and 0.7 percent by court.
(See table 2. )
Annually during the past 5 years slightly more
than half of all convicted defendants have been sen-
tenced to imprisonment in a State institution. The
proportion so sentenced was 52.3 percent in 1937,57.3
percent in 1939, 51.8 in 1940, and increased slightly
to 52.8 in 1941. The percent of convicted defendants
placed on probation or given a suspended sentence in-
creased from £2.2 in 1938 to 27.9 in 1940, but de-
creased to 23.9 in 1941. (See table 3.)
TABLE 1 . —DEPENDANTS CHAHGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN IDAHO,
BY NUHBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
rate per
100,000 POPULATION
OFFENSE
194 1
19^0
1939
1938
1937
19a 1
1940
1939
1938
1957
Major offenses, total
428
576
594
510
432
81.5
109.7
115.1
101.3
87.3
6
12
17
14
113
61
25
19
9
108
16
28
9
15
32
26
155
83
9
21
9
154
33
30
11
14
17
22
171
110
5
15
16
152
23
38
10
10
23
21
133
71
18
33
13
131
17
30
3
16
19
6
96
103
6
19
14
108
14
28
1.1
2.3
3.2
2.7
21.5
11.6
4.8
3.6
1.7
20.6
c.O
5.3
1.7
2.9
6.1
5.0
29.5
15.8
1.7
4.0
1.7
29.3
6.3
5.7
2.1
2.7
3.3
4.3
33.1
21.3
1.0
2.9
3.1
29.5
4.5
7.4
2.0
2.0
4.6
4.2
26.4
14.1
3.6
6.6
"2.6
26.0
3.4
6.0
0.6
3.2
3.8
1.2
19.4
La»cent, except auto theft
20.8
1.2
3 8
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgert and counterfeiting
Rape
2.8
21.8
2.8
Other major offenses
5.7
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
MUROER
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny, except auto theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fpaud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgery and countfrfe it ing
Rape •. . .
Other major offenses
134
73
157
97
9
138
16
29
5
6
18
18
118
58
18
18
64.6
1.1
1.5
2.9
1.7
18.1
9.3
3.2
2.3
1:3
17.0
1.7
4.4
25.5
13.9
1.3
2.5
1.5
24.8
4.6
3.8
1.4
2.1
2.7
3.3
30.4
18.8
0.8
2.1
1.7
26.7
3.1
5.6
1.2
3.6
3.6
23.4
11.5
3.6
3.6
2.2
4.2
0.2
2.4
2.6
0.8
18.4
18.8
0.6
2.6
2.4
20.0
2.4
i.9
Note. — Reports cover 100 percent of the po
ATEO population OF igno; FOR 1957-1939 ON est
J- Jlffit
HE State fob 1937-19''1- Rates
NO igm based
16
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: IDAHO
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July 3. 19I42
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, Ho. 9, Page 17
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
IOWA, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court in Iowa reports on 1,890 defendants charged with
major offenses who were disposed of in the district
courts of the 99 counties during the calendar year
1941. The number of defendants charged with and con-
victed of selected major offenses during 1941 and the
preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, together
with the rate per 100,000 population. Table 2 shows
the procedural outcome for defendants charged with
major offenses during the past 5 years, while table 3
shows the tj^pe of sentence imposed on defendants who
were convicted. Detailed data on procedural outcome
and sentence or treatment of all defendants disposed
of in 1941 are presented in table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons, charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar years. A defendant charged with more than
one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the
most serious offense charged, and, in the case of con-
viction,by the most serious off ense of which convicted.
Of the 1,890 persons charged with major offenses
in 1941, i,469, or about 8 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 612, or about 4 out
of 10, were sentenced to a State institution; 499,
or about 3 out of 10, were sentenced to a local in-
stitution; and 266, or about 2 out of 10, were placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence. Of the
19 defendants charged with murder, 16 were convicted
and sentenced to irprisonment in a State penal in-
stitution. Of the 1,458 defendants charged with
rajor crimes against property (robbery, burglary,
larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud, stolen prop-
erty, forgery, and counterfeiting), 1,170, or about 8
- out of every 10, were convicted. Of the 158 persons
charged with major crimes against the person (murder.
manslaughter, aggravated assault, and rape), 108, or
about 7 out of every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses generally decreased,
from 95.0 in 1937 to 74.5 in 1941, with the exception
of a slight rise in 1939. The rate for defendants
convicted of.majojr offenses was 74.0 in 1937 as com-
pared with 57.9 in 1941. More defendants were charged
with and convicted of larceny than of any other of-
fense during the 5-year period. Convictions for for-
gery and counterfeiting ranked second in order of fre-
quency. The rate for larceny decreased from 25.0 in
1937 to 19.1 in 1941, whereas the rate for forgery
and counterfeiting increased from 8.5 in 1937 to 9.6
in 1940, decreasing to 9.1 in 1941. Convictions for
murder showed no definite trend but were highest at
0.9 in 1937. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 15 out of every
20 defendants charf,ed with major offenses have been
convicted. The percentage of defendants convicted
decreased from 79.8 in 1936 to 77.2 in 1939, but in-
creased to 77.7 in 1941. Of all defendants convicted,
the greatest proportion have pleaded guilty. In 1941,
74.0 percent of all defendants pleaded guilty, whereas
only 2.5 percent were found guilty by jury verdict
and 1.2 percent by court. (See table 2.)
About two-fifths of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to imprisonment
in a State institution for adults. The percent so
sentenced increased from 43.0 percent in 1937 to 44.1
percent in 1938, but has fluctuated around 41 percent
since 1939. The proportion placed on probation or
given a suspended sentence increased from 15.3 in
1937 to 20.0 in 1939, but declined to 18.1 percent in
1941. Approximately one-third of all convicted de-
fendants were sentenced to imprisonment in a local
institution during the last 5 years. (See table 3.)
TABLE 1.— DEPENDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN IOWA,
BY NUraEE AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE PER
100,000 P(
rULATION
19«1
19TO
1939
1938
1937
19M1
igno
1939
195a
1937
Major offenses, total
1,890
2,195
1,875
1,641
1,572
74.5
86.5
92.5
85.6
95.0
19
22
66
81
229
567
119
164
24
289
36
274
17
20
67
69
300
588
161
233
33
311
48
348
15
, 20
63
85
254
482
142
232
22
240
53
267
20
18
53
71
203
492
107
146
45
221
36
229
24
■ 15
37
70
233
479
97
125
26
192
41
233
0.7
0.9
2.6
3.2
9.0
22.3
4.7
6.5
0.9
11.4
1.4
10.8
0.7
0.8
2.6
2.7
11.8
22.2
6.3
9.2
1.3
12.3
1.9
13.7
0.7
1.0
3.1
4.2
12.5
23.3
7.0
11.4
1.1
11.8
2.6
13. ;2
1.0
0.9
2.8
3.7
10.6
25.7
5.6
7'. 6
2.3
11.5
1.9
11.9
1.5
0.9
2.2
4.2
14.1
Larceny, except «uto tmeft
29.0
5.9
7.6
Stolen property, receiv(h5, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
1.6
11.6
2.5
Other major offenses
14.1
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total.
Murder . . .
Manslaugh
RoeeERY. .
Aggravate
Burglary.
Larceny ,
assault
cept auto theft.
Embezzlement and fpauo
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and countf rfe iting
JOR OFFENSES.
16
15
52
56
183
484
98
104
19
230
21
191
13
10
51
52
232
513
126
145
25
244
34
252
10
13
39
60
224
417
124
124
16
193
36
192
13
12
45
43
165
427
93
85
40
ISO
22
184
1,224
15
4
26
56
196
414
84
80
24
140
23"
162
0.6
0.6
2.0
2.2
7.2
19.1
3.9
4.1
0.7
9.1
0.8
7.5
0.5
0.4
2.0
2.0
9.1
20.2
5.0
5.7
1.0
9.6
1.3
"9,9
71.4'
0.5
0.6
1.9
3.0
11.1
20.6
6.1
6.1
0.9
9.5
1.8
9.5
68.3
0.7
0.6
2.3
2.2
8.6
22.3
4.9
4.4
2.1
9.4
1.1
9.6
74.0
0.9
0.2
1.6
3.4
11.8
25.0
5.1
4.8
1.5
8.5
1.4
9.8
NOTE.— ON THE BASIS OF THE 191)0 CENSUS, REPORTS COVER 66.6- PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OF THE STATl IN 1^; 77.2 PERCENT IN 193B; 80.6 PSRCENT IN ]^^
AND 100 PERCENT FOR 19M0 AND 1941. RATES FOR 19W «ND 191(1 BASED ON ENUtCRATEO POEUUTION OF 19L)0; FCfi'.1957-19J9 ON ESTIMATED POPULATIONS. THE RATES
FOR 1957-1939 ARE BASED OH THE PERCENT Of POPULATIOH COVERED BY THE REPORTS.
3-33fif
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: IOWA
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3-33 fi'T
September 16, 1942
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse H. Jones. Secretory
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt, Cirector
WASHINCTON
Vol. 10, No. 10, Page 19
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
NORTH DAKOTA, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court In North Dakota reports on 413 defendants charged
with major offenses who were disposed of in the dis-
trict courts of 51 of the 53 counties during the cal-
endar year 1941. The number of defendants charged
with and convicted of selected major offenses during
1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented in table
1, together with the rate per 100,000 population.
Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for defendants
charged with major offenses during the past 5 years,
while table 3 shows the type of sentence imposed on
defendants who were convicted. Detailed data on pro-
cedural outcome and sentence or treatment of all de-
fendants disposed of in 1941 are presented in table 4
by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons, charged with a major offense and actually
brox^ght efore a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose :'■, es were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than one
offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense charged, and in the case of convic-
tion, by the most serious offense of which convicted.
Of the 413 persons charged with major offenses
in 1941, 351, or about 17 out of every 20, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 183, or about 5 out
of .10, were sentenced to a State institution; 76, or
about 2 out of 10, were sentenced to a loc^ institu-
tion; and 59, or less than 2 out of 10, were placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence. Of the 4
defendants charged with murder, 3 were convicted and
sentenced to imprisonment in a State penal institu-
tion. Of the 306 defendants charged with major crimes
against property (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto
theft, embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery,
and counterfeiting), 260, or about 8 out of every 10,
from 7 . 9
to 8.0 in
in 1937 to
1941. (See
were convicted. Of the 50 persons charged with major
crimes against the person (murder, manslaughter, ag-
gravated assault, and rape), 43, or about 9 out of
every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defen-
dants charged with major offenses increased from 84.5
in 1937 to 92.6 in 1939, but decreased to 66.1 in 1941.
The rate for defendants convicted of major offenses
followed the same general trend, increasing from 67.3
in 1937 to 80.1 in 1939 and then decreasing to 56.2
in 1941. I^ore defendants were charged with and con-
victed of larceny than of any other offense during the
5-year period. Convictions for burglary ranked sec-
ond in order of frequency. The rate for larceny
decreased from 26.8 in 1939 to 17.4 in 1941. The
rate for burglary increased
15.6 in 1940, but decreased
table 1.)
During the past 3 years,
20 defendants charged with major offenses have been
convicted. The percentage of defendants convicted
increased from 79.7 in 1937 to 88.6 in 1940, but de-
creased to 85.0 in 1941. Of all defendants convicted,
the greatest proportion have pleaded guilty. In 1941,
82.1 percent of all defendants pleaded guilty whereas
only 2.4 percent were found guilty by jury and 0.5
percent by court. (See table 2.)
Slightly more than one-half of all defendants
convicted d ring the past 5 years were sentenced to
imprisonment in a State institution for adults. The
percentage of defendants so sentenced increased from
51.3 in 1937 to 61.5 in 1940, but dropped to 52.1
percent in 1941. With the exception of 1940, the pro-
portion placed on probation or given a. suspended sen-
tence increased, as a whole, from 12.4 in 1937 to 16.8
in 1941. (See table 3.)
about 17 out of every
TABLE 1 . —DEFENDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN NORTH DAKOTA,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
rate PER 100.000 POPULATION
1941
1940
1939
1938
1937
19«1
1940
1939
1938
1937
Major offenses, total
413
481
584
533
536
66.1
84 2
92.6
88.6
84.5
4
8
8
10
57
130
27
35
3
46
28
57
3
3
11
18
90
131
16
54
8
44
25
78
4
5
17
23
98
189
27
46
13
35
47
60
4
4
12
29
82
134
31
55
8
43
38
93
3
11
11
17
57
166
36
50
15
55
35
80
0.6
1.3
1.3
1.6
9.1
20.8
4.5
■ 5.6
0.5
7.4
4.5
9.1
0.5
I'g
3 2
15.8
23.0
2.S
9.5
1.4
7.7
4.4
13.7
0.6
0.8
2.7
3.5
15.5
30.0
4.3
7.3
2.1
5 5
7 5
12 7
0.7
0.7
2.0
4.8
13.7
22.3
5.2
9.2
1.3
7.2
6.3
15.5
0.5
1.7
1.7
2.7
Larceny, txctp-r auto theft
Auto theft
26.2
7.9
2.4
8.7
5.5
12.6
Stolen propebtt, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTEO
Stolen property, receiving,
Rape
Other major offenses
10
50
109
22
89
122
15
47
7
42
20
55
11
93
169
27
40
12
32
26
71
24
72
122
26
49
57
1.3
1.0
1.6
4.3
0.5
6.9
7.7
0.4
0.5
1.8
2.5
15.6
21.4
80.1
0.5
0.8
2.5
1.7
14.7
26.8
4.3
6.3
1.9
5.1
4.1
11.3
73.3
0.5
0 3
1.3
4.0
12.0
20.3
4.3
8.2
1.2
.6.0
4.7
10.5
67.3
0.5
0.9
1.3
2.0
7.9
22.8
5.0
5.5
1.6
7.4
3.3
9.0
Note. — On the basis of the igno census, reports cover 98.5 percent of the population of the State for 1937; 93.8 percent for
1938; 98.5 percent for 1939; 89.0 percent for 1940; and 97.3 percent for 194I. Rates for iggo and 19u1 are baseo on enumerated
POPULATION OF 1940; for 1937-1939 ON estimated populations. The rates for 1937-1939ARE based on the percent of population cov-
ered BY TH£ reports.
3-35300
JUDICIAL CBIMINAL STATISTICS: NORTH DAKOTA
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September t^, 19/«2
0. S. DBPARTMENT OF COHHERCE
Jesst «. Jones, Secretary
BUREAU 0? THE CENSUS
J. C. Caft, Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 11, Page 21
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
UTAH, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court in Utah reports on 352 defendants charged with
major offenses who were disposed of in the district
courts of 27 of the 29 counties dviring the calendar
year 1941. The number of defendants charged with and
convicted of selected major offenses during 1941 and the
preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, together
with the rate per 100,000 population. Table 2 shows
the procedural outcome for defendants charged with
major offenses during the past 5 years, while table 3
shows the type of sentence imposed on defendants who
were convicted. Betailed data on procedural outcome
and sentence or treatment of all defendants disposed
of in 1941 are presented in table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons, charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than one
offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense charged, and in the case of conviction,
by the most serious offense of which convicted.
Of the 352 persons charged with major offenses in
1941, 280, or about 8 out of every 10, were convicted
and sentenced; of -ttiese, 131, or slightly more than 9
out of every 20, were sentenced to imprisonment in a
State institution; and 126, or about 9 out of every
20, were placed on probation or given a suspended
sentence. Of the 5 defendants charged with murder, 2
were convicted and given the death penalty. Of the 279
defendants ch.arged with major crires against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement,
fraud, stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting),
224, or 16 out of every 20, were convicted. Of the 48
persons charged with major crimes against the person
(murder, manslaughter, aggrava.ted assault and rape),
36, or about 15 out of every 20, were convicted. (See
table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defendants
charged with major offenses increased from 71.4 in 1937
to 76.5 in 1939, and then decreased to 66.5 in 1941.
The rate for defendants convicted of major offenses
increased from 52.7 in 1938 to 63.7 in 1939, and then
decreased* to 52.9 In 1941. More defendants were con-
victed of burglary than of any other offense during
the 5-year period. The rate of conviction for bxirglary
increased from 17.2 in 1937 to 24.9 in 1939, and tben
decreased to 15.9 in 1941. Convictions for larceny
ranked second in frequency in 1937, 1939, and 1940,
but convictions for forgery and countei-feitlng ranked
second in 1938 and 1941. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 8 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses were convicted.
The percentage of defendants convicted was lowest in
1938 (73.4 percent), but increased to 83.4 in 1939,
and then decreased to 79.5 in 1941. Of all defendants
convicted, the greatest proportion pleaded guilty. In
1941, 53.7 percent of all defendants pleaded guilty,
23.6 percent were found guilty by jury, and only 2.3
percent were found guilty by court. The percentage
of conviction by jury was higher in 1941 than in any
of the preceding 4 years. (See table 2.)
About one-half of all defendants convicted during
the past 5 years were sentenced to imprisonment in a
State institution for adults. In general, the pro-
portion so sentenced decreased from 56.8 percent in 1937
to 46.8 in 1941. The proportion of defendants placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence generally
increased from 29.1 percent in 1937 to 45.0 in 1941.
(See table 3.)
-DEFEKDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTED MAJOR OITENSES IN UTAH, BY NUMBER AND RATE
PEE 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBEB
RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION
igiJi
19W
1939
1938
1937
19M1
igiio
1939
1938
1937
Major offenses, total
352
394
415
383
377
66.5
73.7
76.5
71.8
71.4
5
11
28
13
104
46
4
21
8
68
19
25
7
13
28
11
134
62
7
19
9
52
13
39
8
7
24
16
153
60
23
8
4
47
23
42
6
18
2b
12
120
49
11
21
2
57
16
46
6
15
37
15
105
80
10
17
42
7
43
0.9
sii
2.5
19.6
8.7
0.8
4.0
1.5
la.e
3.6
4.7
1.3
2.4
5.2
2.1
25.1
11.6
1.3
3.6
1.7
9.7
2.4
7.3
1.5
1.3
4.4
2.9
28.2
11.1
4.2
1.5
0.7
8.7
4.2
7.7
1.1
3.4
4.7
2.2
22.5
9.2
2.1
3.9
0.4
10.7
3.0
8.6
1.1
2.8
7.0
19 9
Labcehy, except auto tkeft
15.1
1.9
3.2
Stolen propebtt, bece ividg. etc...
Forgery and COUNTERFEITtNG
0
8.0
1.3
8.1
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
MAJOB offenses, TOTAL
MUBDER
MANSLAU6HTEB
HOBBE BY
Aggbavated assault
BuBGLARY
Larceny, except auto theft
Auto tneft
Embezzlement and fpauo
Stolen pbopebty, receiving, etc.
fobgeby and countfbfe it i n6
Other
AJOB OFFENSES.
_2aa.
-220.
4
9
19
5
114
58
546
135
49
23
6
3
42
21
26
9
104
33
6
12
1
47
10
33
1.7
15.9
7.0
0.6
2.1
0.8
11.9
3.0
3.8
0.7
1.7
. 3.6
0.9
21.3
10.9
1.1
3.2
1.1
9.2
1.5
63.7
1.1
0.9
3.5
2.0
24.9
9.0
4.2
1.1
0.6
7.7
3.9
0.6
1.3
3.0
1.7
19.5
6.2
1.1
2.2
0.2
8.8
1.9
6.2
Note. — On the basis of the igoo census, reports cover lOO.O percent of the popu
CENT FOR 19140, ANt> 96.2 PERCENT FOR 1941. RATES FOB 19«0 ANO 19«1 ABE BASED ON EHUM
ESTIMATED POPULATIONS. THE HATES FOR 19U0 AND 1941 ABE BASED ON THE PERCENT OF P
ON OF THE State for 1937-1939, 97
ED population of _19D0; FOR 1937-
ATION covered by THE REPORTS.
0.6
1.7
5.1
1.3
17.2
13.8
1.7
2.3
0
5.9
0.6
6.1
.1 PER-
JUDICIAL CRIMIN.VL STATISTICS: LT/VH
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Tor release in papers of
September 19, 19U2
H. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
Vol. 10, No. 12, Page 23
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
COLORADO, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court in Colorado reports on 1,345 defendants charged
with major offenses who were disposed of in the dis-
trict courts of 59 of the 63 counties during the calen-
dar year 1941. The number of defendants charged with
and convicted of selected major offenses during 1941
and the preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, to-
gether with the rate per 100,000 population. Table 2
shows the procedural outcome for defendants charged
with major offenses during the past 5 years, while
table 3 shows the type of sentence imposed on defend-
ants who were convicted. Detailed data on procedural
outcome and sentence or treatment of all defendants
disposed of in 1941 are presented in table 4 by offense.
The tables present an enumeration of only those
persons, charged with a major offense and actually
brought before a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose cases were disposed of by the court during the
calendar year. A defendant charged with more than one
offense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense charged, and in the case of convic-
tion, by the most serious offense of whi[:h convicted.
Of the 1,345 persons charged with major offenses
in 1941, 1,037, or about 8 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced; of these, 733, or about 7 out
of 10, were sentenced to a State institution; and 265,
or about 5 out of 20, were placed on probation or
given a suspended sentence. Of the 20 defendants
charged with murder, 14 were convicted and sentenced
to imprisonment in a State penal institution. Of the
1,094 defendants charged with major crimes against
property (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, em-
bezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and 'Coun-
terfeiting), 875, or about 8 out of every 10, were
convicted. Of the 178 persons charged with major
crimes against the person (murder, manslaughter, ag-
gravated assault, and rape), 112, or about 6 out of
every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses decreased, from 146.8
in 1937 to 120.8 in 1941. The rate for defendants
convicted of major offenses decreased from 110.4 in
1937 to 93.1 in 1941. In 1938 more defendants were
charged with and convicted of burglary than of any
other offense, but during the other years, the figures
were highest for larceny. In general, however, the
rates for both larceny and burglary decreased during
the 5-year period. The rate for defendants convicted
of murder decreased from 2.5 in 1937 to 1.3 in 1941.
(See table 1. )
During the past 5 years, about 8 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses have been con-
victed. In 1937, 75.2 percent of the defendants were
convicted; in 1939, 78.1 percent; and In 1941, 77.1
percent; of all defendants convicted, the greatest
proportion pleaded guilty. In 1941, 69.3 percent of
all defendants pleaded guilty, whereas only 7.7 percent
were found guilty by jury and 0.1 percent by court,
(See table 2. )
More than one-half of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to imprison-
ment in a State institution for adults. The percent
so sentenced decreased from 71.1 in 1937 to 59.5 in
1940, but increased to 70.7 in 1941. In contrast,
however, the proportion of defendants placed on pro-
bation or given a suspended sentence increased from
21.1 in 1937 to 35.2 in 1940, but decreased to 25.6
in 1941. (See table 3.)
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE PER
100,000 p
pulation
igui
1910
1959
1958
1957
1911
1910
1959
1958
1937
Majob offenses, total
1,345
1,327
1,528
1,546
1,567
120.8
119.1
137.6
141.2
146.8
20
31
112
56
277
354
49
164
47
91
71
73
32.
32
88
41
294
332
71
187
29
90
76
55
34
29
102
45
347
418
70
148
34
127
101
73
31
26
143
53
381
372
63
179
52
112
76
58
58
39
95
63
335
422
81
191
22
97
102
62
1.8
2.8
10.1
5.0
24.9
31.8
4.4
14.7
4.2
8.2
6.4
6.6
2.9
2.9
7.9
3.7
26.^
29.8
6.4
16.8
2.6
8.1
6.8
4.9
3.1
2.6
9.2
4.1
31.3
37.6
6.3
13.3
3.1
11.4
u
2.S
2.4
13.1
4.8
34.8
34.0
5.8
16.3
4.7
10.2
6.9
5.3
5.4
3.7
8.9
5.9
31.4
39.5
7.6
17.9
Stolen pRCPE«Tr, oeceiving, etc...
2.1
9.1
9.6
Other major offenses
5.8
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
1,037
1,054
1,194
1,273
1,179
'93.1
94.6
107.5
116.3
110.4
14
20
97
35
238
275
40
115
32
78
43
50
13
25
79
23
250
265
60
146
24
83
48
38
17
19
88
27
306
329
58
108
33
109
50
50
16
15
117
35
334
310
55
162
43
98
44
44
27
27
80
43
283
328
62
130
17
80
69
33
1.3
1.8
8.7
3.1
21.4
24.7
3.6
10.3
2.9
7.0
3.9
4.5
1.2
2.2
7.1
2.1
22.4
23.8
5.4
13.1
2.2
7.4
4.3
3.4
1.5
1.7
7.9
2.4
27.6
29.6
5.2
9.7
3.0
9.8
4.5
4.5
1.5
1.4
10.7
3.2
30.5
28.3
5.0
14.8
3.9
9.0
4.0
4.0
2.5
2.5
7.5
4.0
26.5
Larceny, except auto theft
30.7
5.8
12.2
1.6
7.5
6.5
3.1
IS. OF THE 19U0 CENSUS
« 1939; 99.2 PERCENT
OR 1937-1939 ON ESTiM
T of THE PC
PULATION OF THE S
TATE FO
R 1937;
99.8
OR 19«1.
Rates for 19i)0 an
0 1911
ARE BAS
EO ON
ARE BASED 0
N the percent of
POPUUAT
ION GOV
EREO
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: COLORADO
tOHHCMOl sf O
OHHCO O O
to rH WOi C^ (D O
tD'.vl I
< to -JO I
itO to H
<to to too
1 vj' HO
!StO
J > H tj- O
ItOrHO
or~<o
oin
to ■* HO
tooo
«^IS,!^6
^O tOOi CO '
■^ c^ oin H I
iwtoc-
i^oo
D(D ^ tOLO oltDlOO)
1 t<3 CD t~- t
) O -^ H (
jC^HcO
io WCT)
t^ to r- w t^cnto^
1 HH CO
1 oino
--• t^ CD a>
CO Ol o f-
i -^JiDOiO
( csto c\j
I •>j<c- to
] OtOH
*«OCDC0
CSWOCO
icviinOil^ -<JC0OC
) O -cf CJ
~tOHC~-
tsoi Or-
eo^ C- O C^ ^- N Cv! to
5
» 5
5 I i t E '
mil
i
rj
C 3 ^
= 8S
«ili^
S 5*
??SS
■"5 i|
I I I I I I I I I
I 1 I I ■<*
H I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I H 1
IO-*t--tOH.-OOHOC^ iin
r-i r-{ CO O^ to HOJ
'^'iocOHtocoir^'3'ocDir. i:^h i -jintOH i (oiH o
HC0 0jr^cDtOi)HmtOO2 ^ ^
HtOHO^tOtOHH^H(D ir-
tO>tOCOU^Cv2(71<*COt^^ I CDr
Hcowwintooojc^io cj
CVJCV! H
IH-, ^^Hri^H CD
»^OC^ir3C0mO^C\iC0t0lt0HHwjLn^HII^H lO
H c\j ai to to EN ^ H tor^ ^ to ^ co
CyH ICvJC'^H'^ ILOIO '^
toinint^r-ojtrico iH-cjt ih
HH I H I to I J H
HincTiHoJOitocOLOr^oi^i icocvJto i i^i lo
HcOcD tOH CJ in
COHlOHCJ^O^CTlCnintOCOICJll I«W^HI ICOH CO
HHC^JtO^- ^HHCVJ ^ C^
OHC\JCDr-'*cn^C^HH tCJHHoiC^COOJ 1 lOCJ
c^i to H in t^ in ^ CO ■cj' en r- ^ c^ h
NoTeniber I4, 19A8
3. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
leiit H. Janes. Stcrttury
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 15, Page 25
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
CONNECTICUT, 1941
(Statistics are for the year July 1 through June 30)
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks of
court In Connec1|icut reports on 959 defendants charged
with aajor offenses who were disposed of in the supe-
rior and common pleas courts of the 8 counties during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942. Of these 959
defendants, 841, or about If out of 20, were convicted
and sentenced; of these, 288, or about 7 out of 20,
were sentenced to a State prison or reformatory; 231,
or about 5 out of 20, were placed on probation; and
295, or about 7 out of 20, were sentenced to a local
jail or workhouse. Of the 10 defendants convicted of
murder, 1 received the death pfenalty and 9 were sen-
tenced to a State prison or reformatory. Of the 523
persons charged with major crimes against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement,
fraud, stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting),
462 or about 88 out of every 100, were convicted. Of
the 182 persons charged with major crimes against the
person (murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and
rape) 153, or about 90 out of every 100, were convicted.
(See table 4. )
For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, the rate
for defendants charged with major offenses was 56.1
per 100,000 population. During the 4 preceding years,
the rate had decreased from 70.4 for the fiscal year
ending in June 1938, to 52.7 for the year ending in
June 1941. The rate for defendants convicted followed
the same trend, decreasing from 59.6 for the fiscal
year 1938 to 45.6 for the fiscal year 1941, but in-
creasing to 49.2 in the fiscal year 1942. In each of
the 5 years, more defendants were convicted of burgla-
ry than were convicted of any other offense. The rate
for defendants convicted of burglary decreased, how-
ever, from 18.6 for the fiscal year ending in 1938 to
9.7 for the year ending in 1942. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 17 out of every
20 defendants charged with major offenses were con-
victed. The proportion of defendants convicted has
been slightly higher during the past 3 years than dur-
ing the 2 preceding years. Daring the fiscal year
ending in 1942, 87.7 percent were convicted as com-
pared with 88.4 percent during the fiscal year ending
in 1940, and 84.8 percent for the year ending in 1939.
Of all defendants convicted, the greatest proportion
have plealed guilty. During the fiscal year 1942,
82.0 percent of all defendants pleaded guilty as com-
pared with 4.2 percent found guilty by court and 1.6
percent by jury verdict.
During each of the past 5 years, the proportion
of defendants sentenced to State prisons and reforma-
tories was almost the same as the proportion placed on
probation or sentenced to a local jail, workhouse,
etc. In the fiscal year ending in June 1942, 34.2 per-
cent were sentenced to a State prison or reformatory,
27.5 percent were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence, and 35.1 percent were sentenced to a
local jail or workhouse . In the fiscal year ending in
June 1938, the corresponding proportions were 32.7
percent, 31.7 percent, and 32.5 percent; for the year
ending in 1940, the proportions were 37.1 percent,
27.6 percent, and 32.1 peft;ent. (Jee table 3.)
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brought before a court having felony juris-
diction, whose oases were disposed of during the fis-
cal year. A defendant charged with more than one of-
fense, if not convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense charged, and, in case of conviction,
by the most serious offense of which convicted. The
number of defendant? charged with and convicted of
selected major offenses during the last 5 fiscal years
is presented in table 1, together with the rate per
100,000 population. Table 2 shows the procedural out-
come for defendants charged with major offenses during
the past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sen-
tence imposed on defendants who were convicted. De-
tailed data on procedural outcome and sentence or
treatment of all defendants disposed of during the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, are presented In
table 4 by offense.
TABLE 1 . —DEPENDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED HAJOH OFFENSES IN CONNECTICUT,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1942
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
rate per
100,000 POPULATION
1341-1042
130-W1
1935^ 19M0
1939-1939
1957-1938
19«1-19«2
iguoicwi
lOyt-iqqo
lQ}q-lQ39
1937-1^
M«JOO OFFENSES, TOTAL
959
901
954
1,029
1,168
56.1
52.7
56.4
61.6
70.4
10
47
73
40
175
94
97
43
22
19
85
254
9
45
66
25
189
86
82
68
12
23
83
213
3
33
91
38
244
82
71
77
13
15
60
227
10
36
64
30
292
94
62
71
16
22
80
252
10
48
66
32
340
137
104
54
26
21
48
282
0.6
2.7
4.3
2.3
10.2
5.5
5.7
2.5
1.3
1.1
5.0
14.9
0.5
2.6
3.9
1.5
11.1
5.0
4.8
4.0
0.7
1.3
4.9
12.5
0.2
2.0
5.4
2.2
14.4
4.9
4:2
4.6
0.8
0.9
3.6
13.4
0.6
2.2
3.8
1.8
17.5
5.6
3.7
4.2
1.0
1.3
4.8
15.1
0.6
2.9
4.0
1.9
20.5
Labcent, except »uto theft
8.3
6.3
3 3
Stolen pooperty, receiving, etc...
forgebt and counterfeiting.^
1.6
1.3
2.9
17.0
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
841
780
843
873
990
49.2
45.5
49.9
52.2
59.6
10
36
62
38
165
77
87
36
17
18
79
216
8
28
58
21
172
74
78
60
10
21
64
186
3
20
82
36
227
70
68
68
13
14
51
191
7
23
57
25
271
78
59
61
13
19
73
187
6
33
52
26
309
115
93
47
20
20
36
233
0.6
2.1
3.6
2.2
9.7
4.5
5.1
2.1
1.0
1.1
4.6
12.6
0.5
1.6
3.4
1.2
10.1
4.3
4.6
3.5
0.6
1.2
3.7
10.9
0.2
1.2
4.9
2.1
13.4
4.1
4.0
4.0
0.8
0.8
3.0
11.3
0.4
1.4
3.4
1.5
16.2
4.7
3.5
3.7
0.8
1.1
4.4
11.2
0.4
Uanslaughteb
2.0
3.1
1.6
18.6
Larceny, except auto theft
6.9
5.6
2.8
Stolen propebty, receiving, etc...
FoR6£BY and COUNTFSFEITING
Rape
1.2"
1.2
2.2
14 0
Note.— Reports cover 100 percent of the p
POPULATION OF IgiJO ; FOR 1957-1939 OH esTi
ULATION OF THE STATE FOR 1957-19«1.
TED POPULATION.
Rates for 19itO ano igui are based oh enumer
20
JUDICIAL dUKKAL STATISTICS: CONNECTICUT
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For release in the papers of
January 9, 1945
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jisse S. Jonts. Secretary
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 14, Page 27
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
SOUTH DAKOTA, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks
of court in South Dakota reports on 384 defendants
charged with major offenses who were disposed of in
the circuit courts of the 69 counties during the
calendar year 1941. Of the 384 persons charged with
major offenses in 1941, 334, or 9 out of every 10,
were convicted and sentenced; of these, 202, or 6 out
of every 10, were sentenced to imprisonment in a
State institution for adults; 68, or about 2 out of
every 10, were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence. Two defendants charged with murder
were convicted and given the death penalty. Of the
319 defendants charged with major crimes against
property (robbery, burglary, laijceny, auto theft,
embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and
counterfeiting), 279, or about 9 out of every 10 were
convicted, of the 38 persons charged with major
crimes against the person (murder, manslaughter, ag-
gravated assault, and rape), 33, or about 9 out of
every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants cliarged with major offenses decreased from 80.4
in 1937 to 59.7 in 1941. The rate for defendants
convicted of major offenses followed the -same general
trend, decreasing from 58.4 in 1938 to 51.9 in 1941.
In each of the 5 years, more defendants were convicted
of larceny than were convicted of any other offense,
but the rate for defendants convicted of larceny de-
creased from 26.5 in 1938 to 18.8 in 1941. (See
table 1. )
Daring the past 5 years, about 17 out of every
20 defendants charged with major offenses were con-
victed. In 1937, 83.8 percent of the defendants were
convicted; in 1939, 88.7 percent; and in 1941, 87.0
percent. In 1941, 81.0 percent of all defendants
pleaded giiilty, whereas 3.4 percent were found guilty
by jury and 2.6 percent by court. (See table 2.)
More than one-half of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to imprison-
ment in a State institution for adults. The percent
so sentenced Increased from 55.7 in 1939 to 60.5 in
1941. The proportion of defendants placed on proba-
tion or given a suspended sentence increased from
18.6 in 1937 to 22. d in 1940, but decreased to 20.4
in 1941. The proportion sentenced to local jails and
workhouses also fluctuated from year to year, in-
creasing from 17.9 in 1937 to 20.2 in 1938, decreas-
ing to 14.4 in 1940, and registering a slight increase
to 15.9 in 1941. (See table 3.)
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brought before a court having felony juris-
diction, whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant charged with
more than one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated
by the most serious offense charged, and in the case
of conviction, by the most serious offense of which
convicted. The number of defendants charged with
and convicted of selected major offenses during 1941
and the preceding 4 years are presented in table 1,
together with the rate per 100,000 population. Table
2 shows the procedural outcome for defendants charged
with major offenses during the past 5 years, while
table 3 shows the type of sentence imposed on those
defendants who were convicted. Detailed data on pro-
cedural outcome and sentence or treatment of all de-
fendants disposed of in 1941 are presented in table
4, by offense.
T^LB 1.— nEPEBmHTS CHAEGKD WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN 30UTH DAKOTA,
BY mmHER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NOMBEB
rate per 100,000 population
19«1
19«0
1939
1938
1937
1941
1910
1939
1938
1937
Majob offenses, total
384
478
468
392
526.
59.7
74.3,
76.9
78.7
80.4
Murder
2
2
15
11
47
134
19
35
6
63
23
27
4
9
15
73
151
23
48
5
81
22
35
6
11
11
81
156
17
37
11
69
26
40
4
12
74
151
9
21
8
50
21
37
3
6
12
15
89
169
18
38
12
67
24
73
0.3
0.3
2.3
1.7
7.3
20.8
3.0
5.4
0.9
9.8
3.6
4.2
0.6
1.1
1.4
2.3
12.1
23.5
3.6
7.5
0.8
12.6
3.4
5.4
0.5
1,0
1.8
1.8
13.3
25.6
2.8
6.1
1.8
11.3
4.3
6.6
0
0.8
1.0
2.4
14.9
30.3
1.8
4.2
1.6
10.0
4.2
7.4
0.5
0.9
1 8
13.6
25.8
2.8
5.8
1.8
10.2
3.7
11.2
Larceny, except auto theft
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses
Murder
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault...
Burglary
Larceny, ekcept auto
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgery and colntfrfe iting
Rape
Other major offenses
40
74
121
139
16
20
23
37
5
3
60
78
19
15
22
28
71
147
17
32
11
64
19
3
10
65
132
146
17
28
51.9
0.3
0.3
2.2
1.6
6.2
18.8
2.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
1.1
1.6
11.5
21.6
3.1
5.8
0.5
12.1
3.1
4.9
0.4
0.6
2.0
13.0
26.5
1.8
3.6
1.6
9.6
3.6
0.5
0.8
1.7
1.5
10.9
22.3
2.6
4.3
1.7
9.9
2.1
'ote. — On the basis of the 19H0 Census, reports cover 99.7 percent of the population of the State in 1957; 76.8 percent in 1938;
4 percent in 1939; and lOO percent in igito and 19u1. Rates for 19U0 and 1941 are based on enumerated population of 19140; for
-1939 oh estimated populations. The rates for 1937-1939 are based on the percent of populations covered by the reports.
28
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: SOUTH DAKOTA
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6
January 9, 194S
U'. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt, Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 15, Page 29
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
NEW MEXICO, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks
of court in New Mexico reports on 974 defendants
charged with major offenses who were disposed of in
the district courts of the 31 counties during the
calendar year 1941. Of these 974 defendants, 665, or
about 7 out of 10, were convicted and sentenced; of
these, 342, or about 5 out of 10, were sentenced to
a State institution; 229, or about 3 out of 10, were
placed on probation or given a suspended sentence.
Of the 23 defendants charged with murder, 12 were
convicted, 1 received the death penalty, and 11 were
sentenced to a State institution. Of the 658 persons
charged with major crimes against property (robbery,
burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud,
stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting) , 488,or
about 7 out of every 10, were convicted. Of the 229
persons charged with major crimes against the person
(murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and rape)
132, or about 6 out of every 10, were convicted.
(See table 4. )
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses increased from 169.7
In 1937 to 196.6 in 1939, but had decreased to 183.1
in 1941. The rate for defendants convicted of major
offenses increased from 128.2 in 1937 to 142.5 in
1938 and then decreased to 125.0 in 1941. In each
of the 5 years, more defendants were convicted of
larceny than were convicted of any other offense.
The rate for defendants convicted of larceny de-
creased, however, from 52.9 in 1939 to 36.7 in 1941.
(See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, approximately 7 out of
every 10 defendants charged with major offenses were
convicted. The percentage of defendants convicted
decreased from 75.5 percent in 1937 to 68.3 percent
in 1941. Of all defendants convicted, the greatest
proportion pleaded guilty. In 1941, 58.4 percent of
all defendants pleaded guilty, whereas only 5.2 were
found guilty by jury and 3.7 percent by court. (See
table 2. )
More than one-half of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to imprison-
ment in a State institution for adults. The per-
cent so sentenced had decreased from 63.8 in 1937
to 51.4 in 1941. In contrast, however, the pro-
portion of defendants placed on probation or given
a suspended sentence increased from 24,3 in 1937
to 37.9 in 1939, but decreased to 34.4 in 1941.
(See table 3.)
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brought before a court having felony juris-
diction, whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant charged with
more than one offense, if not convicted, was tabu-
lated by the most serious offense of which charged,
and in the case of conviction, by the most serious
offense of which convicted. The number of defendants
charged with and convicted of selected major offenses
during 1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented
in table' 1, together with the rate per 100,000 popu-
lation. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for
defendants charged with major offenses during the
past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sen-
tence imposed on those defendants who were convicted.
Detailed data on procedural outcome and sentence or
treatment of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are
presented in table 4 by offense.
TABLE 1.— DEFElfllANTS CHAR&ED WITH AND CONVICTBD OP SBLBCTBD MAJOR 0PPBNSB3 IN NEW MBDCO, BY NUMBER AND RATE
PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
number
rate per 100,000 population
igw
19''0
1939
1958
1957
1911
1910
1959
1958
1957
MajOB OFtEHSES, TOTAL
974
969
1,008
955
838
183.1
182.2
196.6
189.7
169.7
23
29
33
114
79
271
55
78
24
118
62
87
27
23
32
100
90
296
43
79
28
127
40
84
18
23
23
115
98
343
43
83
25
107
52
78
50
24
24
126
81
288
36
69
50
81
58
68
43
16
29
104
65
273
27
81
33
65
42
60
4.3
5.5
6.2
21.4
14.9
51.0
10.3
14.7
4.5
22.2
11.8
16.4
5.1
4.3
6.0
18.8
16.9
55.7
8.1
14.9
5.3
23.9
7.5
15.8
3.5
4.5
4.5
22.4
19.1
66.9
8.4
16.2
4.9
20.9
10.1
15.2
9.9
4.8
4.8
25.0
16.1
57.2
7.2
13.7
9.9
16.1
11.5
13.5
3 2
5.9
£1.1
13.2
55.3
5.5
16.4
6.7
13.2
8.5
12.2
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Other major offenses
Major offenses, total.
Murder
Manslaughter
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny, et<cept auto theft.
Auto theft
A JOB OFF
NStS.
63
195
48
45
Note. — On the basis of the 1910 Census, bepor
CENT for 19«0 and 1911. Rates for 1910 and 1911
The rates fob 1957-1939 are based on the proport
3- 30111
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
242
32
PERCENT OF THE
NUMERATED POPU
ION COVERED BY
125.0 128. £
142.0 142.5 128.2
2.3
3.4
4.1
11.7
11.8
36.7
9.0
8.6
3.8
17.7
7.5
8.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
10.5
15.4
52.9
6.6
10.9
3.3
17.7
6.6
7.0
2.6
4.2
13.1
13.1
48.1
6.4
9.3
7.9
14.5
6.2
10.
5.3
13.4
11.5
44.6
4.7
12.2
4.1
11.3
4.9
8.1
ATION OF THE STATE FOR 1957-1939, AND 100.0 PER-
OF 1910; FOR 1957-1959 on estimated population.
30
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: MSW MEXICO
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For releue in the papers of
January 9, 194S
S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse n. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt, Dlr^ctor
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 16, Page 31
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
WASHINGTON, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks
of court in Washington reports on 1,334 defendants
charged with major offenses who were disposed of in
the superior courts of 36 of the 39 counties during
the calendar year 1941. Of these 1,334 defendants,
1,152, or about 9 out of 10, were convicted and sen-
tenced; of these, 62S, or about 5 out of 10, were
sentenced to a State institution; 369, or about 3
out of 10, were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence. Of the 13 defendants charged with
murder, 11 were convicted, 1 received the death pen-
alty, and 10 were sentenced to a State institution.
Of the 1,C3" persons charged with major crimes against
property (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft,
embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and
counterfeiting), 909, or about 9 out of every 10, were
convicted. Of the 129 persons charged with major
crimes against the person ( -iiurder, manslaughter, ag-
gravated assault, and rape) 102, or about 8 out of
every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses decreased from 97.5
in 1938 to 80.3 in 1941. The rate for defendants
oonvloted of major offenses followed the same general
trend, decreasing from 80.9 in 1938 to 69.3 in 1941.
More defendants were charged with and convicted of
larceny tlian of any other offense in each of the 5
years; convictions for burglary ranked second in
number. Although the rate for defendants convicted
of larceny was 24.5 in 1939, it decreased to 18.5 in
1941. (See table 1. )
During the past 5 years, about 17 out of every
20 defendants charged with major offenses were con-
victed. The percentage of defendants convicted has
increased from 81.6 in 1937 to 86.4 in 1941. Of all
the defendants convicted, the greatest proportion
pleaded guilty. In 1941, 76.6 percent of all defendants
pleaded guilty, whereas only 7.1 were found guilty by
jury and 2.6 percent by court. (See table 2.)
More than one-half of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to imprison-
ment in a State institution for adults. The percent-
age 30 sentenced decreased from 65.7 in 1937to54.B
in 1941. In contrast, however, the proportion of
all defendants placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence Increased from 15.0 in 1937 to 32.0
in 1941. (See table 3.)
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brought before a court having felony juris-
diction, whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant charged with
more than one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated
by the most serious offense of which charged, and in
the case of conviction, by the most serious offense
of which convicted. The number of defendants charged
with and convicted of selected major offenses, during
1941 and the preceding 4 years, are presented in
table 1, together with the rate per 100,000 popula-
tion. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for de-
fendants charged with major offenses during the past
5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sentence
imposed on those defendants who were convicted. De-
tailed data on procedural outcome and sentence or
treatment of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are
presented in table 4, by offense.
TABLE 1 . — DEFEiniANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN WASHINGTON,
BY NTOIBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
hate per
100,000 POPULATION
19«1
1910
1939
1938
1957
19" 1
1940
1939
1938
1937
M»JOR OFFENSES, TOTAL
1,334
1,584
1,614
1,637
1,579
80.3
91.2
94.6
97.5
95.4
13
49
76
36
257
366
169
28
22
119
31
168
16
42
76
55
324
476
122
51
19
187
48
168
13
29
88
45
377
507
124
10
10
161
22
228
32
44
83
66
361
456
97
30
13
205
45
205
23
67
76
54
298
440
116
49
22
167
60
207
0.8
2.9
4.6
2.2
15.5
22.0
10.2
1.7
1.3
7.2
1.9
10.1
0.9
2.4
4.4
3.2
18.7
27.4
7.0
2.9
1.1
10.8
2.8
9.7
0.8
1.7
5.2
2.6
22.1
29.7
7.3
0.6
0.6
9.4
1.3
13.4
1.9
2.6
4.9
4.0
21.5
27.2
5.8
1.8
0.8
12.2
2.7
12.2
1.4
4.0
4.6
3.3
Burglary
18.0
Larceny, except auto theft
26.6
7.0
3.0
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
1.3
10.1
3.6
Other major offenses ,
12.5
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
1,152
1,343
1,360
1,357
1,289
69.3
77.4
79.7
80.9
77.9
11
35
61
32
236
307
154
23
16
112
24
141
10
26
66
44
300
401
108
31
14
174
37
132
7
17
71
33
349
418
110
5
9
146'
16
179
19
28
70
53
323
383
82
11
10
178
30
170
17
45
66
48
273
350
104
25
17
150
43
151
0.7
2.1
3.7
1.9
14.2
18.5
9.3
1.4
1.0
6.7
1.4
8.5
0.6
1.5
3.8
2.5
17.3
23.1
6.2
1.8
0.8
10.0
2.1
7.6
0.4
1.0
4.2
2.0
20.5
24.5
6.4
0.3
0.5
8.6
0.9
10.5
1.1
1.7
4.2
3.2
19.2
22.8
4.9
0.7
0.6
10.6
1.8
10.1
1.0
2.7
4.0
2.9
16.5
Larceny, except auto tmeft
21.1
6.3
1.5
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
F0RG€RY AND COliNTFRFE ITING
Rape
1.0
9.1
2.6
9.1
Note. — On the basis of the 1940 Census, reports cover 100.0 percent of the population of the State for
1937-19«0, and 95.7 PERCENT for 19111. Rates for 19140 and 1941 are based on enumerated population of 19t0;
FOR 1937-1939 ON estimated POPULATIONS. ThE RATES FOR 1941 ARE BASED ON THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION COVERED BY THE REPORTS.
3-30016
32
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: WASHINGTON
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For release in the papers of
January 9, 1943
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 17, Page 33
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
NEW JERSEY, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks
of court in Hew Jersey reports on 5,291 defendants
charged with major offenses who were disposed of in
the trial courts in 20 of the 21 counties during the
calendar year 1941. Of these 5,291 defendants, 4,117,
or about 8 out of every 10, were convicted and sen-
tenced; of these, 1,488, or about 4 out of every 10,
were sentenced to a State institution; 1,399, or about
3 out of every 10, were placed on probation or given
a suspended sentence; and 796, or about 2 out of
every 10, were sentenced to a local institution. Of
the 57 defendants cliarged with murder, 41 were con-
victed; of these, 3 received the death penalty and
38 were sentenced to a State institution. Of the
3,250 defendants charged with major crimes against
property (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft,
embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and
counterfeiting), 2,666, or 8 out of every 10, were
convicted. Of the 1,054 persons charged with major
crimes against the person (murder, manslaughter,
aggravated assault, and rape), 673, or about 6 out
of every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 popul; tion for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses has fluctuated from
year to year, but the greatest changes were an in-
crease from 142.1 in 1939 to 177.3 in 1940, and a de-
crease to 134.2 in 1941. The rate for defendants
convicted of major offenses followed the same general
trend, increasing from 113.8 in 1939 to 135.0 in
1940, and decreasing to 104.4 in 1941. In each of
the 5 years, more defendants were convicted of bur-
glary than were convicted of any other offense; con-
victions for larceny ranked second inniunber. The
rate for defendants convicted of burglary increased
from 28.9 in 1939 to 36.7 in 1940, and then decreased
to 22.2 in 1941. [See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, 8 out of every 10 de-
fendants charged with major crimes were convicted.
In 1938, 80.2 percent of the defendants w^'-e con-
victed; in 1940, 76.1 percent; and in 1941, V/.o per-
cent. In 1941, 66.9 percent of all defendants pleaded
guilty, whereas only 7.6 v;ere found guilty by court
and 3.3 by jury. (See table 2.)
More than one-third of all defendants convicted
during the past 5 years were sentenced to imprison-
ment in a State institution for adults. The percent
so sentenced increased from 33.1 in 1939 to 36.1 in
1941. The proportion of defendants placed on proba-
tion or given a suspended sentence decreased from 37.3
in 1937 to 36.3 in 1939, increasing to 38.0 in 1940,
and decreasing to 34.0 in 1941. The proportion of de-
fendants sentenced to local jails and workhouses de-
creased from 21.9 in 1937 to 19.3 in 1941. (See table 3. )
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brought before a court having felony juris-
diction, whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant charged with
more than one offense, if not convicted, was tabu-
lated by the most serious offense of which charged,
and, in the case of conviction, by the most serious
offense of which convicted. The number of defendants
charged with and convicted of selected major offenses
during 1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented
in table 1, together with the rate per 100,000 popu-
lation. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for
defendants charged with major offenses during 'the
past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sentence
imposed on those defendants who were convicted. De-
tailed data on procedural outcome and sentence or
treatment of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are
presented in table 4, by offense.
TABLE 1 . —DEFENDANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN NEW JERSEY,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMGEB
RATE PEB
100,000 POPULATION
19"!
igiJO
1939
1938
1937
1941
19W
1939
1938
1937
Majob offenses, total
5,291
7,250
5,870
6,104
5,260
134.2
177.3
142.1
148.8
141.6
57
101
354
654
963
831
343
408
179
172
242
987
51
103
400
-^ 743
1,666
1,193
398
956
152
127
220
1,241
34
70
397
661
1,298
1,054
226
674
168
111
201
976
43
110
504
674
1,361
1,046
262
506
205
167
182
1,044
40
142
332
606
1,008
949
258
375
168
189
138
975
1.4
2.6
9.0
16.6
24.4
21.1
8.7
10.3
4.5
4.4
6.1
25.0
1.2
2.5
9.8
18.2
40.7
29.2
9.7
23.4
3.7
3.1
5.4
30.3
0.8
1.7
9.6
16.0
31.4
25.5
5.5
16.3
4.1
2.7
4.9
23.6
1.0
2.7
12.3
16.4
33.2
25.5
6.4
12.3
5.0
4.1
4.4
25.4
1.1
3.8
8.9
16.3
29.3
Larceny, except auto theft
25.5
6.9
Stolen pboperty, beceiving. etc...
FOBGERT AND counterfeiting
Rape
4.5
5.1
3.7
Other major offenses
26.2
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
4,117
5,519
4,700
4,896
4,192
104.4
135.0
113.8
119.3
112.8
Murder
41
43
270
415
■874
673
319
266
125
119
179
773
35
40
329
457
1,502
989
308
580
102
101
158
918
23
36
322
454
1,192
908
199
438
119
95
150
764
37
55
394
471
1,224
913
237
382
141
125
120
797
32
71
276
379
1,002
820
242
246
111
148
98
767
1.0
1.1
6.8
10.5
22.2
17.1
8.1
7.3
3.2
3.0
4.5
19.6
0.9
1.0
8.0
11.2
36.7
24.2
7.5
14.2
2.5
2.5
3.9
22.4
0.6
0.9
7.8
11.0
28.9
22.0
4.8
10.6
2.9
2.3
3.6
18.5
0.9
1.3
9.6
11.5
29.8
22.3
5.8
9.3
3.4
3.0
2.9
19.4
0.9
1.9
7.4
10.2
£7.0
Larcent, except auto theft
22.1
6 6
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and countfrfe it ing
Rape
3.0
4.0
2.6
20.6
Note. — Oh the basis of the igw Census, reports cover 90.8 percent of the population of the State INI937; 100.0 percent in 1938
AND 1939; 98.3 percent in 19U0; and 9«.8 percent in 19ai. Rates for 19TO and igul based on enumerated population of 1940; for 1937-
1939 ON estimated populations. The rates are based on the proportion of population covered by the reports.
3-30015
34
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: NEW JERSEY
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January 11, i»4S
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jtiit H. Jonti, S€cr€tary
BUREAU or THE CIN8US
J. C. Ca^t, Dxrtctor
WASHINQTON
Vol. 10, No. 10, Page 35
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
WISCONSIN, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from
clerks of court in Wisconsin reports on
2,710 defendants charged with major of-
fenses who were disposed of in the report-
ing trial courts during the calendar year
1941. Of these 2,710 defendants, 2,232,
or about 8 out of every 10, were convicted
and sentenced; of these, 899, or about 4
out of 10, were sentenced to a State prison
or refojrmatoryj 911, or about 4 out of 10,
were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence, and 246, or about 1 out
of 10, were sentenced to local Jails or
workhouses. Of the 18 defendants charged
with murder, 14 were convicted and sen-
tenced to a State penal institution. Of
the 1,827 defendants charged with major
crimes against prpperty (robbery, burglary,
larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud,
stolen property, forgery, and counterfeit-
ing), 1,519, or about 8 out of every 10,
were convicted. Of the 378 persons charged
with major crimes against the person (mur-
der, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and
rape), 303, or about 8 out of every 10,
were convicted. (See table 3.)
IXiring the past 5 years, approximately
8 out of every 10 defendants charged with
major offenses have been convicted. The
percentage of defendants convicted has de-
creased from 86,2 percent in 1938 to 82.4
percent in 1941. Of all defendants con-
victed, the greatest proportion pleaded
guilty. In 1941, 69.7 percent of all de-
fendants pleaded guiltyj only 10.1 percent
were found guilty by court and 2.5 percent
by Jtiry. (See table 1.)
Approximately two-fifths of the de-
fendants sentenced during the last 5 years
were placed on probation or given suspended
sentence. The percent so sentenced has
remained about the same from year to year.
In contrast, however, the proportion of
defendants sentenced to imprisonment in a
State institution has increased from 28.5
in 1937 to 40,3 in 1941. The trend in
sentences to local Jails and workhouses
has been downward, the percent having de-
creased from 19.6 in 1937 to 11.0 in
1941. (See table 2.)
Under Wisconsin law, county, municipal,
and superior courts in some coimties have
Percentages are based on the enumerated
varying degrees of criminal Jurisdiction
concurrent with the circuit court. Not all
courts which exercise original felony Jur-
isdiction in these counties have submitted
a report on criminal dispositions during
the past 5 years. Although reports on
criminal dispositions were received from
67 of the 71 counties in 1941, all courts
reported in only 42 counties, containing
39.3 percent of the population; one or more
courts reported in 25 counties, containing
57.5 percent of the population. Reports
were received from 67 counties in 1940j
all courts reported in 28 counties, con-
taining 26.0 percent of the population, and
one or more courts reported in 39 counties,
containing 70,4 percent. In 1939, of the
62 counties reporting, all courts reported
in 29 counties, containing 29.4 percent of
the population, and 1 or more courts re-
ported in 33 counties, containing 63.6 per-
cent. In 1938, with 63 counties reporting,
all courts reported in 28 counties, contain-
ing 28.5 percent of the population, and
one or more courts reported in 35 counties,
containing 66.6 percent. In 1937, 70 coun-
ties reported; all courts reported in 27
counties, containing 27,0 percent of the
population, and 1 or more courts reported
in 43 counties containing 72.8 percent.^
A comparison of Wisconsin Judicial dis-
positions during the 5— year period must be
made, therefore, with reservations.
The following tables present an enum-
eration of only those persons charged with
a major offense and actually brought be-
fore a court having felony Jurisdiction,
whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant
charged with more than one offense, if not
convicted, was tabulated by the most serious
offense charged, and in the case of con-
viction, by the most serious offense of
which convicted. Table 1 shows the pro-
cedural outcome for defendants charged with
major offenses during che past 5 years,
while table 2 shows the type of sentence
imposed on defendants who were convicted.
Detailed data on procedural outcome and
sentence or treatment of all defendants
disposed of in 1941 are presented in table
3, by offense,
po,pulatlon, 1940 census.
36
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JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: WISCONSIN
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lllllillillllF*^-^''^ '
January 11, 1943
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jeise H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Catt, Otrector
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 19, Page 37
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
PENNSYLVANIA, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from the
Department of Welfare in Pennsylvania, reports on
14,411 defendants charged with major offenses who
were disposed of in trial courts in 63 of the 67
counties during the calendar year 1941. Of these
14,411 defendants, 10,064, or about 7 out of 10, were
convicted and sentenced; of these, 2,620, or about 3
out of 10, were placed on probation or given a sus-
pended sentence; 1,809, or about 2 out of 10, were
sentenced to a State institution; and 4,262, or about
4 out of 10, were sentenced to looal Jaila or work-
houses. Of the 106 defendsmts charged with murder,
64 were convicted; 3 received the death penalty, 51
were sentenced to a State Institution, and 10 were
sentenced to local institutions. Of the 8,366 persons
charged with major Crimea against property (robbery,
burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud,
stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting) , 6,390,
or about 8 out of every 10, were convicted. Of the
2,982 persons charged with major crimes against the
person fmurder, manslaughter, aggravated assault,
and rape), 1,472, or about 5 out of every 10, were
convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged »rt. th major offenses decreased from 249.1
in 1938 to 149.0 in 1941. The rate for defendants
convicted of major offenses decreased from 185.6 in
1938 to 104.0 in 1941. During the years 1937 to 1940
more defendants were convicted of larceny than were
convicted of any other offense, but in 1941 more de-
fendants were convicted of burglary. The rate for
defendants convicted of larceny decreased from 48,8
in 1938 to 19.2 in 1941, while the rate for defendants
convicted of burglary decreased from 27.9 in 1938 to
21.0 in 1941. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 7 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses were convicted.
The percentage of defendants convicted has decreased
from 74.5 in 1938 to 69.8 in 1941. Of all defendants
convicted, the greatest proportion have pleaded
guilty. In 1941, 52. t) .percent of all defendants
pleaded guilty; only 12.9 were found guilty by jury
and 4.5 percent by court. (See table 2.)
Slightly mora than one-fourth of the defendants
sentenced during the l^ast 5 years were placed on pro-
bation or given a suspended sentence. The percent
so sentenced decreased from 30.8 in 1938 to 26.6 in
1939, and to 26.0 in 1941. The proportion of de-
fendants sentenced to imprisonment in a State insti-
tution had decreased from 14.4 perosnt in 1937 to 13.1
in 1940, inoreaaing to 16.0 peroent In 1941. Sentences
to looal jalla and worlchousss have decreased from
44.8 peroent in 1937 to 42.3 in 1941. (See table 3.)
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
aotually brought before a court having felony juris-
diotion, whose oases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendajit charged with
more than one offense, if not oonvloted, was tabu-
lated by the most serious offense of which charged,
and in the case of conviction, by the most serious
offense of which convicted. The number of defendants
charged with and convicted of selected major offenses
during 1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented
in table 1, together with the rate per 100,000 popu-
lation. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for
defendants charged with major offenses during the
past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sentence
imposed on defendants who were convicted. Detailed
data on procedural outcome and sentence or treatment
of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are presented
in table 4, by offense.
TABLE 1.— DEPEHTIANTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN PENNSYLVANIA,
BY KOMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
rate per
100.000 PC
pulation
19U1
1940
1939
1938
1937
19«1
1910
1939
1938
1937
Major offenses, total
14,411
17,278
19,937
24,548
22,603
149.0
174.9
202.6
249.1
232.1
106
379
861
1,988
2,349
2,474
572
1,273
433
394
509
3,073
169
391
1,076
2,093
2,973
3,449
610
1,470
540
522
544
3,441
180
375
958
2,635
3,058
4,747
874
1,878
520
615
578
3,519
197
403
2,660
2,651
3,105
6,025
1,015
1,995
379
776
804
4,538
213
489
1,695
3,015
2,936
5,739
915
1,795
502
634
697
1.1
3.9
8.9
20.6
24.3
25.6
5.9
13.2
4.5
4.1
5.3
31.8
1.7
4.0
10.9
21.2
30.1
34.9
6.2
14.9
5.5
5.3
5.5
34.8
1.8
3.8
9.7
26.8
31.1
48.2
8.9
19.1
5.3
6.2
5.9
35.8
2.0
4.1
27.0
25.9
31.5
61.1
10.3
20.2
3.8
7.9
8.2
46.0
2.2
5.0
17.4
31.0
30.2
Larceny, except auto theft
58.9
9.4
18.4
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
5.2
6.5
7.2
Other major offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
10,064
12,328
14,158
18^293
15,904
104.0
124.8
143.9
135.6
163.3
64
121
664
993
2,026
1,855
487
769
246
343
294
2,202
106
156
805
1,141
2,551
2,660
489
899
313
412
312
2,484
111
136
771
1,L86
2,636
3,683
733
1,199
296
459
369
2,479
105
175
2,274
1,407
2,746
4,813
776
1,299
247
662
490
3,299
131
177
1,399
1,559
2,520
4,458
707
991
330
500
421
0.7
1.3
6.9
10.3
21.0
19.2
5.0
8.0
2.5
3.5
3.0
22.8
1.1
1.6
8.1
11.5
25.8
26.9
4.9
9.1
3.2
4.2
3.2
25.1
1.1
1.4
7.8
13.1
26.8
37.4
7.4
12.2
3.0
4.7
3.7
25.2
1.1
1.8
23.1
14.3
27.9
48.8
7.9
13.2
2.5
6.7
5.0
33.5
1.3
1.8
14.4
16.0
25.9
Larceny, except auto theft
45.8
7.3
10.2
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and couNTFofE it ing
Rape
3.4
5.1
Other major offenses ^
Note. — On the basis of the .1940 census, reports cover 100.0 percent of the population in 1937; 99.6 percent in 1938; 100.0 per-
cent IN 1939; 99.8 percent in 19140; and 97.7 percent in 19m. Rates for 1940 and 1941 are based on enumerated popjlation of iguo;
FOR 1937-1939 ON latest estimated POPULATION. TmE RATES ARE BASED ON THE PROPORTION OF POPULATION COVERED BY THE REPORTS.
3-30013
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: PENNSYLVANIA
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555^cg:5-33<J)i25<36?i35
0. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
January i:i, 1945
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINQTON
Vol. 10, No. :;0, Page 39
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
CALIFORNIA, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks
of court in California reports on 6,355 defendants
charged with major offenses who were disposed of in
the superior courts in 37 of the 58 counties during
the calendar year 1941. Of these 6,355 defendants,
5,010, or about 8 out of 10, were convicted and sen-
tenced; of those convicted, 1,816, or about 4 out of
10, were placed on probation or given a suspended
sentence; 1,452, orabout 3 out of 10, were sentenced
to a State institution. Of the 77 defendants charged
with murder, 37 were convicted, 5 received the death
penalty, and 32 were sentenced to a State institution.
Of the 4,524 persons charged with major crimes against
property (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft,
embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, forgery, and
counterfeiting), 3 ,714, or about 8 out of every 10,
were convicted. Of tlie 916 persons charged with major
crimes against i,lic> ppison (murder, manslaughter, ag-
gravated assault., and rape), 603, or aliout 7 out of
every 10, were convicted. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged with major offenses increased from 128.3
in 1937 to 137.3 in 1938, and from 124.1 in 1940 to
128.1 in 1941. The rate for defendants convicted of
major offenses increased from 105.2 in 1937 to 113.6
in 1938, and from 99.4 in 1940 to 101.0 in 1941. In
each of the 4 years indicated, moi-e defendants were
convicted ol burglary than were convicted of any other
offense; convictions lor forgery and counterfeiting
ranked second in number. Tlie rate for defendants
convicted of burglary decreased to 20.1 in 1941, the
loweat figure for the 4-year i)eriod. (See table 1.)
In each of the 4 years for which data are avail-
able, about 8 out of every 10 defendants charged with
major offenses were convicted. The percentage of
defendants convicted decreased from 82.8 in 1937 tp
78.8 in 1941. In 1941, 66.4 percent of all defend-
ants pleaded guilty, 6.6 percent were found guil'ty
by court, and 5.8 were found guilty by jury. (See
table 2. )
Slightly less than one-third of all defendants
convicted during the 4 years were placed on probation
or given a suspended sentence. Tlie percent sq sen-
tenced increased from 24.3 in 1938 to 36.2 In 1941.
The proportion of defendants sentenced to imprisonment
in a State institution for adults decreased from 31.9
in 1938 to 29.0 in 1941. (See table 3.)
The following tables present an enuraerEltion of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brouf.ht before a court having felony jurlB-
dlotion, whose naties were dlspoapd of by the co;u'b
during the calendar year 1941. A. defendant rhaiv.Rd
with more than one offense, if not convict, ed, was
tabulated by the most serious offense with wlilrh
charged, and in the case of conviction, by the most
serious offense of whic)i convicted. Tlie number of
defendants charged with and convicted of selected
major offenses dui-in/; 1941, 1940, I'^'.'.B, and 193'.' are
presented In table 1, together with the rate p^r
100,000 population. Talile 2 shows the procedui-al
outcome for defendants charged v/lth major olTi^iises
during the 4-year period, while table 3 shows l,lie
type of sentence Irapo.'^ed on those di'J endanLs who were
convicted. ]3etailed data on irocedural outcome and
sentence or tieatment uf all defendants disposed of
in 1941 are presented in table 4, by offense.
TABLE 1. — UEPEUmHTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN CALIPORHU,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION
1911
igm
1939
1938
193V
1911
19M0
1939
1938
1957
Major offekses, total
6,355
5,873
_..
3,586
4,330
128.1
124.1
— _
137.3
128.3
77
199
600
363
1,202
573
764
210
l-'B
997
277
915
89
158
625
317
1,222
582
692
331
131
229
758
:::
61
71
291
177
706
288
268
461
63
365
142
693
93
115
290
277
804
397
320
319
94
534
177
910
1.6
4.0
12.1
7.3
24.2
11.6
15.4
4.2
3.6
20.1
5.6
18.4
1.9
3.3
j;^.2
6.7
25.8
12.3
14.6
7.0
2.8
15.6
4.8
16.0
:::
2.3
2.7
11.1
6.8
27.0
11.0
10.3
17.6
2.4
14.0
5.4
26.5
2.8
8.2
23.8
11.8
9.5
9.5
2.8
15.8
5.2
27.0
BURGLABT
LABCEKY, EXCfC AUTO TMEFT
Stolek pbopebty, beceivino. etc...
fob&ebt and coukterfe jt ihg
OthEB major OFFENSES
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major ofi emses, to
"-
Larceny, except auto theft
Stolen pbopebty, receiv
fobgcry and countfrfeit
Rape
NG, ETC. . .
NG
37
118
387
259
998
460
645
180
129
915
189
693
4,705
52
93
441
220
1,040
474
599
237
109
678
141
571
47
52
216
127
520
243
237
377
48
331
94
575
56
61
223
194
720
327
288
273
74
493
122
744
101.0
0.7
2.4
7.8
5.2
20.1
9.3
13.0
3.6
2.6
18.4
3.8
14.0
99.4
1.1
2.0
9.3
4.6
22.0
10.0
12.7
6.0
2.3
14.3
3.0
12.1
Note. — On the basis
CENT IN 19«0, AND 71.8
estimated populations,
^30394
if the 1940 CENSUS, REPORTS COVER 51.8 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION IN 1937, 39.3 PERCENT II
'EBcent in 19m. Rates for 1910 and igm are based on enumerated population of iguo; fob
The hates are based on the proportion of population covered by the reports.
2.0
8.3
4.9
23.7
9.3
9.1
14.4
1.8
12.7
3.6
22.0
1938,
1937 AN
106.2
2.0
1.8
6.6
5.7
21.3
9.7
8.5
8.1
2.2
14.6
3.6
22.0
8.5 PEB-
1938 on
40
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: CALIFORNIA
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For release in the papers of
January 2S, 1943
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesse H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
J. C. Cafit, Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 21, Page 41
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
OREGON, 1941
The Bureau of the Census received from clerks
of court in Oregon reports on 1 , 048 defendants charged
with major offenses who were disposed of in the cir-
cuit courts of 35 of the 36 counties during the cal-
endar year 1941. Of these 1,048 defendants, 857, or
about 8 out of 10, were convicted and sentenced; of
those convicted, 416, or about 5 out of 10, were sen-
tenced to the State prison; 305, or about 4 out of
10, were placed on probation or given a suspended
sentence. Of the 15 defendants charged with murder,
13 were convicted, 2 received the death penalty, and
11 were sentenced to the State prison. Of the 781
persons charged with major crimes against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, autotheft, embezzlement,
fraud, stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting) ,
665, or about 17 out of every 20, were convicted. Of
the 156 persons charged . ith major crimes against
the person ( murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault,
and rape), 109, or about 13 out of every 20, were
convicted. ( See table 4. )
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
sints charged with major offenses showed a downward
trend from 138.8 in 1937 to 96.5 in 1941, although
there was a slight increase in 1939 over 1938. The
rate for defendants convicted of major offenses de-
creased from 122.0 in 1937 to 78.9 in 1941. In each
of the 5 years, more defendants were convicted of
larceny than were convicted of any other offense.
The rate for defendants convicted of larceny de-,
creased from 30.4 in 1939 to 18.5 in 1941. (See
table 1. )
Daring the past 5 years, about 17 out of every
20 defendants charged with major offenses were con-
victed. The percentage of defendants convicted de-
creased to 81.8 in 1941 after having increased from
83.0 in 1939 to 87.5 in 1940. In 1941, 73.4 percent
of all defendants pleaded guilty, 7.0 percent were
found guilty by jury, and 1.4 percent by court. (See
table 2. )
Slightly less than one-half of all defendants
convicted during the past 5 years were sentenced to
imprisonment in a State institution for adults. The
percent so sentenced increased from 44.7 in 1938 to
51.4 in 1940, but decreased to 48.5 in 1941. The pro-
portion of defendants placed on probation or given a
suspended sentence decreased from 38.7 in 1937 to 33.4
in 1940, but increased to 35.6 in 1941. (See table 3.)
The following tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actually brought before a court having felony juris-
diction, whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant charged with
more than one offense, if not convicted, was tabulated
by the most serious offense with which charged, and,
in the case of conviction, by the most serious of-
fense of which convicted. The number of defendants
charged with and convicted of selected major offenses
during 1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented
in table 1, together with the rate per 100,000 popu-
lation. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for
defendants charged with major offenses during the
past 5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sentence
imposed on defendants who were convicted. Detailed
data on procedural outcome and sentence or treatment
of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are presented
in table 4, by offense.
.— DEPENmHTS CHAHGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTBD MAJOR OFPEHSKS IN OREGON,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
rate per
100,000 PC
pulation
1911
1940
1939
1938
193V
1941
19«0
1959
1938
1937
Major offenses, total
1,048
1,115
1,136
1,089
832
96.5
102.?
119.5
112.5
138.8
Murder
15
35
25
68
146
237
75
132
23
143
48
101
10
17
30
36
185
263
91
153
34
161
43
92
4
21
40
52
187
351
76
127
25
120
35
98
12
17
50
29
171
296
84
137
45
119
51
78
7
15
27
37
110
259
42
95
19
111
24
86
1.4
3.2
2.3
6.3
13.4
21.8
6.9
12.2
2.1
13.2
4.4
9.3
0.9
1.6
2.8
3.3
17.0
24.1
8.4
14.0
3.1
14.8
3.9
8.4
0.4
2.2
4.2
5.5
19.7
37.0
8.0
13.4
2.6
12.6
3.7
10.3
1.2
1.8
5.2
3.0
17.7
30.6
8.7
14.1
4.6
12.3
5,3
8.1
1.2
2.5
4.5
6.2
18.4
Larceny, except auto theft
43.2
7.0
Embezzlement and fraud
15.9
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
Forgery and counterfeiting
3.2
18.5
4.0
14.3
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major ofpenses, total
857
976
943
962
731
78.9
89.6
99.2
99.3
122.0
13
11
23
51
126
201
61
105
20
129
34
83
8
10
25
29
166
237
81
139
31
146
28
76
2
12
36
38
166
289
73
106
19
93
29
80
7
11
44
24
155
279
79
115
39
110
41
58
4
7
21
35
105
218
39
84
16
106
19
77
1.2
1.0
2.1
4.7
11.6
18.5
5.6
9.7
1.8
11.9
3.1
7.6
0.7
0.9
2.3
2.7
15.2
21.7
7.4
12.8
2.8
13.4
2.6
7.0
0.2
1.3
3.8
4.0
17.5
30.4
7.7
11.2
2.0
9.8
3.1
8.4
0.7
1.1
4.5
2.5
16.0
28.8
8.2
11.9
4.0
11.4
4.2
6.0
0.7
1.2
3.5
5.8
17.5
36.4
6.5
14.0
Stolen property, receiving, etc...
FORGCRT AND CObNTF RFE 1 T 1 NG
Rape
2.7
17.7
3.2
12.8
Note. — On the basis 0= the 1910 census, reports cover 57.3 percent of the population of the State for 1937, 90.9 percent for
1938, 88.0 PERCENT for 1939i 100.0 percent for iguo, and 99.7 percent for igul. Rates for iguo and 19ai are based on the enumerated
population of 1940; for 1937-1939 on latest estimated populations. The rates are based on the proportion of population covered by
the reports.
3-30296
42
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: OREGON
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<f -. f: r _ K 9 *
January 23, 1945
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jesxe H. Jones. Secretary
BUREAU OP THE CEJISUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, No. 22, Page 45
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
VERMONT: 1941
The Bureau of the Census received
from clerks of court in Vermont, reports
on 533 defendants charged with major of-
fenses, who were disposed of in the re-
porting trial courts during the calendar
year 1941. Of these 533 defendants, 395,
or about 7 out of every 10, were con-
victed and sentenced} of those convicted,
147, or about 4 out of 10, were sentenced
to a State prison or reformatory; and 105,
or about 3 out of 10, were placed on pro-
bation or given a suspended sentence. Of
the 389 defendants charged with major
crimes against property (robbsry, burglary,
larceny, auto theft, embeaslement, fraud,
-stolen property, forgery, and counter-
feiting), 298, or about 8 out of every 10,
were convicted. Of the 34 persons charged
with major crimes against the person (man-
slaughter, aggravated assault, aiid rape),
14, or about 4 out of every 10, were con-
victed. (See table 3.)
During the past 5 years, approxi-
mately 8 out of every 10 defendants charged
with major offenses have been convicted.
The percentage of defendants convicted
decreased from 77,8 in 1940 to 74.1 in
1941, Of all defendants convicted, the
greatest proportion have pleaded guilty.
In 1941, 71,3 percent of all defendants
pleaded guilty, 2.1 percent were found
guilty by jury, and 0.8 percent were found
giiilty by court, (See table 1.)
Slightly less than two-fifths of all
defendants convicted during the past 5
years were sentenced to imprisonment in a
State institution for adults. The pro-
portion so sentenced increased from 36,4
in 1937 to 40.9 in 1939, decreased to
35.7 in 1940, and increased to 37.2 in
1941, The proportion of defendants placed
on probation or given a suspended sentence
decreased from 29,6 in 1939 to 26.6 in
1941. (See table 2.)
Under Vermont law, m'inicipal courts
in 11 counties exercise felony juris-
diction concurrent with the county court.
Percentages are based on the enumerated
3-30293
In 1941, although reports on criminal dis-
positions were received from courts in 13
counties, containing 93,9 percent of the
State's population, reports were received
from all courts exercising felony juris-
diction^ in only 10 counties, containing
68,9 percent of the population. In 1940,
reports were received from 12 counties,
containing 90.7 percent of the popula-
tion, but from all felony courts in only
7 counties, containing 50.1 percent of the
population. In 1939, the 13 counties from
which reports were received contained 93.9
percent of the State's population, but
the 5 counties from which all felony
courts reported contained only 33.5 per-
cent of the population. In 1938, the 12
reporting counties contained 92.7 percent
of the population and the 5 from v^^hich all
felony courts reported contained 27.3 per-
cent. In 1937, all felony courts reported
in only 11 counties, containing 35.0 per-
cent of the population, whereas reports
were received from 13 counties, containing
99.0 percent of the population.^ Compari-
i!on of judicial crimiinal dispositions dur-
ing the 5— year period must, therefore, be
made with reservations,
Tlie following tables present an
enumeration of only those persons charged
with a major offense and actually brought
before a court having felony jurisdiction,
whose cases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year, A defendant
charged -vvith more than one offense, if not
convicted, was tabulated by the most
serious offense with which charged, and in
the case of conviction, by the most serious
offense of which convicted. Table 1 shows
the procedural outcome for defendants
charged with major offenses during the
past 5 years, while table 2 shows the type
of sentence imposed on defendants who were
convicted. T3etailed data on procedural
outcome and sentence or treatment of all
defendants disposed of in 1941 are pre-
sented in table 3, by offense,
population, 1940 census.
44
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: VERMONT
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D. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
March 20, I9U3
BUREAU or THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, Uo. 23, Pace 45
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
MINNESOTA, 1941
Of the 1,696 defendants charged with major of-
fenses in the district courts of Minnesota, 1,522, or
approximately 9 out of 10, were convicted and sen-
tenced. Of those convicted, 583, or about 4 out of
10, were sentenced to State prisons and reforma-
tories, and 661 were placed on probation or given a
suspended sentence. Of the 1,313 defendants charged
with major offenses against property (robbery, bur-
glary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud,
stolen property, forgery, and counterfeiting) 1,194,
or about 9 out of every 10, were convicted. Of the
231 persons charged with major crimes against the
person (murder, idanslaughter, ag^iravated assault,
and rape) 185, or about 8 out of every 10, were con-
victed. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants charged nith major offenses showed a downward
trend, from 04. 0 in 1938 to 60.7 in 1941. The rate
for defendants convicted of major offenses decreased
from 73.2 in 1938 to 54.5 in 1941. Tlie rate of con-
viction was higher for larceny, except auto theft,
than for any other offense in each of the 5 years,
but decreased from 26.1 in 193B to 17.8 in 1941.
(See table 1. )
During the past 5 years, approximately 9 out of
every 10 defendants charged with major offenses have
been convicted. The percentage of defendants con-
victed increased from 87.2 in 1938 to 90.8 in 1940,
but decreased to 89.7 in 1941. Of all defendants
convicted, the greatest proportion pleaded guilty.
In 1941, 84.6 percent of all defendants pleaded
guilty, 4.8 percent were found guilty by jury, and
0.4 percent were found guilty by court. (See table 2.)
Slightly less than half of all defendants con-
victed during the past 5 years were sentenced to im-
prisonment in a State institution for adults. The
proportion so sentenced decreased from 45.9 in 1939
to 44.9 in 1941. A slightly smaller'proportion of
convicted defendants were placed on probation or
given a suspended sentence. In 1937 the percentage
so treated was 40.1; in 1939, 39.5; in 1941, 43.4.
( See table 3. )
The following tables present data on the dispo-
sition of persons charged with a criminal offense
and brought before a district court, which is the
court having original felony jurisdiction in Minne-
sota. A defendant charged with more than one offense,
if not convicted, was tabulated by the most serious
offense with which charged, and, in the case of con-
viction, by the most serious offense of which con-
victed. The nuiQber of defendants charged with and
convicted of selected major offenses during 1941 and
the preceding 4 years are presented in table 1, to-
gether with the rates per 100,000 population. Table
2 shows the procedural outcome for defendants charged
with major offenses during the past 5 years, while
table 3 shows the type of sentence imposed on defen-
dants who were convicted. Detailed data on proce-
dural outcome and sentence or treatment of all de-
fendants disposed of in 1941 are presented in table
4, by offense. These tables were prepared from in-
dividual reports submitted by the Minnesota Bureau
of Criminal Apprehension for each defendant disposed
of in a district court.
TABIS 1.— rEFEIIDAKTS CHARGED WITH AND COHVICTED OP SEiECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN MINNESOTA,
BY NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
NUMBER
RATE PER 100,000 population
19«1
19tO
1939
1956
193"'
19«1
1940
1939
1938
1937
U4JOO OFFENSES, TOTAL
1,596
1,990
2,069
2,295
1,908
60.7
71.3
74.9
84.0
70.2
17
37
61
57
191
539
139
61
27
295
120
■ 152
14
24
53
76
278
636
151
52
38
353
91
224
12
28
127
72
225
702
170
71
37
321
112
192
16
36
106
97
272
772
171
75
75
374
87
214
19
40
30
85
256
630
163
51
24
2d7
92
181
0.6
1.3
2.2
2.0
6.8
19.3
5.0
2.2
1.0
10.6
4.3
5.4
0.5
0.9
1.9
2.7
10.0
22.8
5.4
1.9
1.4
12 . 6
3.3
8.0
0.4
1.0
4.6
2.6
8.1
25 . 4
6.. 2
2.6
1.3
11.6
4.1
7.0
0.6
1.3
3.9
3.5
10.0
28.2
6.3
2.7
2.7
13.7
3.2
7.8
ROBBERT
2.9
3.1
9.4
23.2
6.0
1.9
0.9
10.6
3.4
6.7
Labceny, except auto theft
Stolen pbopebty, sECEfviNG, etc...
forgehv and counterfeiting
Rape
Otheb majob offenses
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total 1 , 522
Murder
Robbery
Aggravated assaul
BuBGLABY
Labcekt, except a
Embezzlement and fpaud
Stolen pboperty, receiving, etc..
Forgery and colntfrfe it ing
JOB offenses.
12
26
53
42
172
498
270
105
143
1,807
590
143
30
35
333
1,873
220
639
161
59
28
308
101
160
Note. — Reports coveb 100 pebcent of the population of
POPULATION OF 1940; FOR 1937-1939 ON estimated populations.
3-31.'?86
2,001
100
60
254
713
152
1,676
14
27
75
63
236
560
160
34
20
259
75
153
0.4
0.9
1.9
1.5
6.2
17.8
4.8
1.5
0.9
0.6
1.8
2.1
9.5
21.1
5.1
1.3
1.3
11.9
2.9
6.8
0.6
4.0
0.4
0.5
0.8
1.0
3.7
2.6
2.2
2.3
9.7,
8.7
6.1
20.6
5.6
5.9
2.0
1.3
1.9
0.7
2 .5
9.5
2.3
2.8
6.5
5.6
ME State for 1937-19«1. Rates for 1940 and igm based on en
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: MINHhoOTA
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U. S. DF.PARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Jtsse H. Jants. Stcrttary
BUREAU OP THF CXHSUS
J. C. Capt. Ptrectcr
WASHINGTON
Vol. 10, Ho. 24, Page 47
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1941
Of the 1,645 defendants oliargej with major of-
fspaes and disposed of diirlns 1941 in the District
Court of the W.strict of Columbio, 1,144, orapproxi-
m^tely 7 out of 10, were convicted ard sentenced. Of
thp 1,144 convicted defendants, 702, or anout 6 out
qjT 10, were sentenced to imprisonment in the reforma-
tory, and 293, era little less rha;i one-half as many ,
■f^e placed on probation or giver; a suspended sen-
S'ence. Thirteen of the 21 defendants charged with
Bolder were convicted and sentenced, as were 26 of
the 42 chafgsd with manslaughter. Of 'Jhe 1,241 per-
sons charged with major crimes against property (rob-
bei-y, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement,
fraud, stolen propertj', forgery, and counterfeiting) ,
913: f'r about 7 out of every 10, were convicted. Of
the 341 persofis charged with major crimes against the
person (murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and
i-ape), 195, or about 6 out of every 10, were convict-
ed and sentenced. (Bee table 4.)
The i-ate por 100,000 population for all defend-
ants convicted, of major offenses decreased from 212.2
in 1937 to 164.1 in 1940, Out increased to 172.5 in
1941. In 1941 the rate of conviction was higher for
auto theft than it was for any other offense, but in
tlie 4 previous yea^s the rate had been highest for
burglar}'. The rate of conviction for burglary de-
creased from ."^e.S in 1937 to 39.7 in 1939, increased
to 46.6 in 1940, and dropped to 34.1 in 1941. For
auto theft, the rate of oonviotion dropped from 28.9
in 1937 to 17.8 In 1939, but increased to 22.2 in
19'Ki ajid 34.8 in 1941. (See table 1.)
During the past 5 years, about 7 out of every 10
defendants charged with major offenses have been con-
>rt.cted. The percentage of defendants convicted de-
orea.ied from 81.1 in 1940 to 69.5 in 1941; in the 3
previous years, it ranged from 72.5 to 76.0. In each
of the 5 years, the greatest proportion of defendants
were convicted on a plea of guilty. In 1941, 54.2
percent of all defendants pleaded guilty, 14.8 per-
cent were convicted by jury, and only 0.5 percent
were convicted by court. (See table 2.)
Over one -half of the defendants convicted during
the past 5 years were sentenced to imprisonment in
the reformatory at Lorton or in a Federal institu-
tion. The percentage so treated increased from 54.5
in 1937 to 62.4 in 1940, but dropped to 61.4 in 1941.
The percentage of defendants placed on crobation de-
creased from 34.5 in 1937 to 2S.6 in 1941. (See ta'nle
3.)
The first four tables present an enumeration of
only those persons charged with a major offense and
actnially broi;^t before a court having ih] ony juris-
diction, whose oases were disposed of by the court
during the calendar year. A defendant charged with
more than one offense, if not convicted, was tabu-
lated by the most serious offense with which charged,
and in the case of convlotioi?, by the most serious
offense of which convicted. The number of defendants
charged with and convicted of selected major offenses
during 1941 and the preceding 4 years are presented
in table 1, together with the rate per 100,000 popu-
lation. Table 2 shows the procedural outcome for de-
fendants charged with major offenses during the past
5 years, while table 3 shows the type of sentence im-
posed on those defendants who were convicted. De-
tailed data on procedural outcome and sentence or
treatment of all defendants disposed of in 1941 are
presented in table 4, by offense,
A common criticism of court administration is
that there are often unnecessary and exceedingly long
delays in the disposition of criminal cases. Since
individual reports were received on the disposition
lABLB 1 . — DBPEirDAins CHARGED WITH AND COHVIOTED OP SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IH DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
BY HUKBER AND RATE PER 100,000 POPHLATICN: 1937-1941
DEFEN04NTS CHARGED
■
t .™be«
BATE FEB
100,000 POPULATION
19«1
. ig^o
1939
1936
1937
igui
19U0
1939
1958
1957
Majoi* OFFtMSES, TOTAL
1,645
1,341
1,520
1,788
1,720
243.1
202.2
231.0
280.4
279.1
21
42
262
219
237
201
z'n
97
36
87
■59
63
21
209
139
339
145
173
65
44
63
28
95
16
33
£61
143
300
171
155
113
45
81
28
174
26
57
313
168
317
200
205
164
51
106
72
109
13
28
369
158
383
241
225
89
42
94
30
48
3.2
6.3
39.5
33.0
43.3
30.3
40.9
14.6
5.4
13.1
8.9
9.5
2.3
3.2
31.5
21.0
51.1
21.9
26.1
9.8
6.6
10.3
4,2
14.3
2.4
5.0
39.7
21.7
45.6
26.0
23.6
1'.2
6.8
12.3
,4.3
26.4
4.1
8.9
49.1
26.3
49.7
31,4
32.1
16.6
11.3
17.1
2.1
4.5
Rmbekt. ,.'
59.9
25.6
62.1
LAOCENf, £»CE1"T iVIO TKEFT
Auto tmett
39.1
36.5
14.4
SjOLfH FHOPESTT, OECEIvms, ETC...
FOUGESf AHI COUm:e»feit|ng
Rape. .;^. ;:..;. ..;;:.;
OTBE" MAJOB OFfe«SES
6.8
15.3
4.9
■ 7.8
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses, total
1,144
1,088
1,145
lj296
1,308
172.5
164.1
174.0
203.2
212.2
13
26
147
131
226
162
231
49
24
74
25
36
9
15
160
101
309
123
147
48
26
59
21
70
8
27
199
99
261
144
117
49
23
71
18
129
13
44
211
127
272
147
162
78
30
92
42
78
10
19
268
107
349
190
178
53
18
67
16
33
2.0
3.9
22.2
19.8
34.1
24.4
34.8
7.4
3.6
11.2
3.8
5.4
1.4
2.3
24.1
15.2
46.6
18.5
22.2
7.2
3.9
8.9
3.2
10.6
1.2
4.1
30.2
15.0
39.7
21.9
17.8
7.4
3.5
10.8
2.7
19.6
2.0
6.9
33.1
19.9
42.7
23.1
25.4
12.2
4.7
14.4
6.6
12.2
1.6
UAMSLA'jrMTEP
3.1
43.5
17.4
56.6
LARCEHT, EXCEPT AUTO THEFT
30.8
28 9
8 6
ST^Lft* PROPEBTY, RECEIVING, ETC...
FOft^iEKr AMD CCUMTf«F£ITIMG
2.9
10.9
2 6
5.4
NuTE. — Reports coved 100 percent of the population of the Dist
OS E»i)MER«TEO POPULATION OF 19i»0; FOB ' 1937-1939 on £STIMATE0 popu
3-33316
iCT OF Columbia fob 1937-19U1. Hates for 19110 and 1941
48
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JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: BISTRICT OF COLUT.IBIA
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JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: DISTRICT OF COLUf.BIA
of defendants in the District Court, an analysis of
the time elements between dates of filing the indict-
ment, and the final plea, trial, or disposition was
made possible. These data are presented in tables
5 to 0 by method of disposition, according to the to-
tal time elapsing from filing of indictment to the
disposition, from filing of indictment to the final
plea, and from final plea to trial. For defendants
convicted and sentenced, the total time elapsing from
filing to disposition is presented by sentence or
treatment. In an analysis of these data, it must be
remembered that the disposition accorded a defendant
directly concerns his personal welfare and what might
appear to be unjustified when viewed from the stand-
point of pure efficiency may appear only just and
right when fully analyzed.
Nearly tliree-fourths of the 1,849 defendants
were disposed of in less than £ months, but the dis-
position of 70, or 3.8 percent, was pending for 12
months or more. Defendants who were convicted and
sentenced received somewhat speedier treatment than
those who were eliminated without conviction. Of the
defendants who were convicted, 79.4 percent were dis-
posed of in less than 2 months and 54.1 percent in
less than 1 monch; but of the defendants eliminated
without conviction, only 55.8 percent were disposed
of in less than 2 months and only 34.0 percent in
less than 1 month. (See table 5.) These data seem
to substantiate the statement that the probability of
a conviction decreases with the passage of time.
For 60.1 percent of the defendants who entered
a plea, the time lost between filing of the indict-
ment and final plea did not exceed 1 week. Of the
872 defendants who pleaded guilty as charged, how-
ever, only 49.7 percent had entered their final plea
by the end of 7 days, and of the 146 who pleaded
guilty to a lesser offense than charged, only 11, or
7.5 percent, had entered their final plea by the end
of 1 week. (See table 6.)
Of the 1,849 defendants disposed of in 1941, only
494 were brought to trial, and of these, 275, or 55.7
percent, were convicted and sentenced. Of the defend-
ants not convicted, 67.6 percent were tried within 59
days after entering plea, but of the defendants who
were convicted 73.5 percent had been tried by then.
(See table 7.) Defendants convicted and sentenced
to jail received somewhat slower disposition than
those placed on probation or sentenced to imprison-
ment in the reformatory. Of the defendants sentenced
to jail, 49.0 percent were disposed of during the
first month, as compared with b?,.4 percent of those
placed on probation and 57.1 percent of those sen-
tenced to the reformatory. (See table 8.)
Only 169, or 13.1 percent of the 1,293 convicted
defendants, had been charged with a more serious of-
fense than that of which convicted. Of these 169 de-
fendants, 22 were convicted by jury, 1 by court, and
146, or 86.4 percent, on a plea of guilty. The great-
est number of these defendants, 55, had been charged
with assault with a deadly weapon, but were convicted
of threatened assault. Twenty-five were charged with
robbery, but of these, 3 were convicted of assault to
rob, 10 with threatened assault, and 12 with petit
larceny. Table 9 presents these 169 defendants con-
victed of a lesser offense, by offense charged, and
table 10 by offense convicted, in comparison with de-
fendants convicted as charged.
TABLE 5 . —DEFENDANTS DISPOSED OF IN THE DISTRICT COURT, BY nETHOD OF DISPOSITION AND TIME BETWEEN
FILING OF INDICTMENT AND FINAL DISPOSITION: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1941
DISPOSED Of WITHOUT CONVICTION
TihC ELAPSED
ACQUITTED
"JY COURT
(jUftY
COURT FINOS GUILTY
UNDER 1 MONTH
0-7 DAYS
8-lU DAYS
15-29 DAYS
1 MONTH
3CM44 DAYS
145-59 DAYS
2 MONTHS
5-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 MONTHS AND OVER.
1,849
40
355
494
448
315
133
163
209
70
9
72
108
283
386
327
244
83
101
111
31
23
571
27
254
290
178
"T39~
39
50
47
11
36
54
Total ,
Under 1 month
0-7 DAYS
8-lu DAYS 19.2
1^29 DAYS 26.7
IMONTH 24.2
33-14U DAYS 17.
"5-59 DAYS 7.2
2 MONTHS
5-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 months and over
^Percent not shown when base is less ■
_L1L
_li±
CM
(M
AIL
11."
7.4
1.1
15.3
12.6
5.5
10.9
29.9
25.3
8.6
2.
65.5
3.1
29.1
33.3
20.4
15.9
4.5
24.7
37.0
27.4
9.6
6.2
17.1
6.2
0.7
6.
22.4
55.1
24.5
10.6
15.1
14.3
2.9
2.9
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: DISTRICT OF COLUT.QIJ
IA.BLE 6 . —DEPENDANTS DISPOSED OP IN THE DISTRICT COUBT, BY HETKOD OF DISPOSITION AND TIME BETWEEN
PILING OF INDICTMENT AKD PINAl PLEA ON ABRAiaNMENT: DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA, 1941
DISPOSED OF WITHOUT CONVICTION
»C(}UITTEO
eV, COURT
(juftr
PLEA OF GUILTY
COUPT FINDS GUILTY
Total defendants.
1,849
1,293
Defendants not entering plea.
Defendants entering plea....
Under l month
0-7 DAYS
8-11* DAYS
15-29 DAYS
1 MONTH
3D-1W DAYS
1*5-59 DAYS
2 MONTHS..
5-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 MONTHS AND OVER
1,805
1,295
1,492
1,032
1,083
234
175
148
686
135
161
134
435
138
122
98
217
17
103
45
Defendants entering plea.
Under X MONTH
0-7 DAYS
a-W CAYS
15-29 DAYS
1 month
60.1
13.0
9.7
6.2
JHW DAYS
U5-59 DAYS
2 MONTHS
3-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 MONTHS AND OVER.
5.7
2.5
3.3
3.4
0.9
1.4
77.8
9.6
2.7
1.8
1.0
3.5
2.5
3.5
1.8
1.8
±'±.
90.2
80.9
5.5
3.8
1.6
1.6
IIL
53.1
14.3
12.5
3.2
4.1
1.2
1.3
100.0 100.0
49.7
15.8
14.0
7.7
3.6
7.5
17.8
24.0
8.9
13.7
4.1
111.
111.
6.9
1.6
0.4
1.2
^PERCLNT NOT SHCIIN WHEN BASE IS LESS THAN SO.
TABLE 7.— DEPENDANTS DISPOSED OP IK THE DISTRICT COURT, BY METHOD OF DISPOSITION ;JJD TIME BETWEEN
PINAL PLBA OH AHEAIGNHENT AND TRIAL: DISTRICT OP COLUMBU, 1941
Total defendants..
UNDER 1 MONTH
0-7 DAYS
9-ll» DAYS..,,,.,^..
15-29 DAYS
1 MONTH
30-m DAYS
115-59 DAYS
2-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 MONTHS AND OVER.
L,849
1,355
494
105
105
disposed Of WITHOUT CONVICTION
537
219
ACQUITTED
BY JOURT
(jury
1 ,295
1,018
275
PLEA OF GUILTY
CCJRT FINDS GUILTY
Defendants tried...
UNOER 1 MONTH
0-7 DAYS
S-W DAYS
15-29 !>»«
1 MONTH
SO-W DAYS
1(5-59 DAYS
2-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 MONTHS AND OVER.
49-. 6
10.7
17.6
21.3
21.3
11.5
9.7
17.2
3.6
21.5
21.0
IIL
7.7
15.9
22.4
20.8
10.9
9.8
6.0
19.1
7.1
17. b
21.1
11.3
iO.2
XIL
AIL
b5.5
13.9
17.6
22.0
11.4
9.8
9.4
14.3
1.6
JL'-I.
^PERCENT HOT SHOWN WHEN BASE IS LESS THAN 33.
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
ViSa 8.— I8FEHQAHIS C(mviOIED AID aSITinCED I> IHS DISTHICT COOBI BT 3EIISHCS AID TIHB BLAF3IIG
PSCM PILISO OP iroiClMEBT TO FIHAl DISPOSITIOl! BI3TRI0T Ot OOIOMBIA, 1941
TiiE tumim
TOTAL
NUMBER OF
0€«NOAHTS
SENTENCED
OEATN
nitALTY
REFOMATOSr
PROBATION
CD
SUSKWEO
SENTENCE
LOCAL
MILS
FINE
OR
COSTS
CHLT
INSTITUTIONS
FOR JUWNIU
DELIInUCNTS
armii
TOTUt
1^293
6
718
353
202
14
-
-
UOCR 1 UOMTH
700
1
410
185
99
5
-
-
31
283
386
327
1
3
26
180
202
157
67
118
105
3
32
64
61
4
' 1
1
-
-
-
-
1 KMTh
-
244
8S
101
Ul
31
23
2
1
lil
36
61
56
16
18
29
25
28
8
2
45
16
15
20
5
2
1
6
1
1
-
-
-
-
r, „„,„,,
-
-
-
PERCENT
100.0
(N
100.0
100.0
100.0
(^)
0
0
UNMR 1 MONTH
54.1
57.1
52.4
49.0
0
0
0-7 Otis
2.4
21.9
29.9
25.3
3.9
25.1
28.1
21.9
0
19.0
33.4
29.7
1.5
15.8
31.7
30.2
0
0
0
0
0
8-114 DAYS
0
0
1 MOUTH
0
18.9
6.4
7.8
8.6
2.4
1.8
16.9
5.0
8.C
7.8
21.5
22.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.? 1 7.9
7.1 1 7.4
0
0
7.9
.'.3
0.6
9.9
2.5
1.0
0
? ?,
0
0
1 Percent hot shodn imen base
IS LESS TWAN K
.
lABIS 9. — rBPBimfcllTS DISPOSED OP BY OPFBHSB CHAHGBD AHD
TYFB OP DISPOSITIOH: DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA, 1941
CFFENK
TOTAL
DISPOSED
OF KITHOtIT
conviction
convicted
AS
CHARSE.:
CONVICTED
CF A LESSER
OFFENSE
1,848
556
1,124
169
litejOR OFFENSES, TOTAL
1,721
501
1,052
168
17
13
30
3
260
24
1
9
266
1
305
170
1
26S
97
Z^
87
26
40
9
8
47
128
6
2
15
1
101
14
3
86
61
39
40
4B
12
13
10
24
4
2
21
55
5
2
11
2
134
8
1
3
126
1
226
109
1
228
48
24
74
S
9
4
5
26
72
6
9
4
BoaeBrr
25
2
MliMiT TO ecmiT RoeeiRY
3
iteAULT WITX DEADLY KEAFON
55
18
Lmkehy, except auto TWFT
22
.
ElCEZZlXtCNT AND FRAUD
Stolen PROPERTY, Ktct iv IMS.ETC. .
FO««RY ano coukterfeitins
1
3
11
7
1
1
-
MINOR OFFENSES, TOTAL
1
UBIiB lO.-DBPEUmUJTS COHTICTBD, 3Y 0PPBH8B PCS
WHICH COSVICTEDiAHD TYPE OP CHAECEBt
DISTRICT OF COIIMBIA, 1941
*LL OFFEHSeS
MtJOR OFFENSES, TOTAL....
MiRDER, FIRST DCS»E
MiROER, SECOND DCSREE
MUSLAUGHTER
Neglisent noMicioc
RoeatRY
Assault to rob
Attempt to co«»it robbby...
Agcravated assault
Assault witm deadly hieapon..
Mayhem
BURSURY
Larceny, except auto tmeft..
rtTTY larceny
Auto tneft
Embezzl£>cnt and fraud
Stolen property, receivins,etc.
PORCCRY ANO counterfeiting.
Rape
Carnal knonleoce
coacrcialized vice
other sex offenses
Other major offenses
Minor offenses, total..
1,293
1,144
5
8
20
6
134
127
1
226
111
51
231
24
74
6
20
4
6
26
CHARGED
OFFENSE
1,124
1,062
5
2
11
2
134
8
1
3
126
1
226
109
1
228
48
24
74
5
9
4
5
26
CHARGED
WITH MORE
SERIOUS
169
92
2
50
3
1
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
May 25, iglj
BUREAU OP THE CENSUS
J. C. Capt. Director
WASHINGTOH
Vol. 10, No. 25, Page 53
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL
OHIO, 1941
STATISTICS
Of the 4,515 defendants disposed of for a najor
offense in the oonron pleas courts of Ohio during
1941, 3,755, or approximately 8 out of 10, were con-
victed and sentenced. Of the 3,755 convicted defend-
ants, 1,721, slightly less than half, were sentenced
to imprisonment in a State prison or reformatory,
and for 1,573 sentence was suspended. Thirty-six of
the 58 defendants charged with murder were convicted
and sentenced, as were 161 of the 193 charged with
manslaughter. Of the 3,441 persons charged with
major crimes against property (robbery, burglary,
larceny, auto theft, enbezzlenent, fraud, stolen
property, forgery, and counterfeiting), 2,904, or
about 17 out of every 20, were convicted. Of the 642
persons charged with major crimes against the person
(murder, manslaughter, aggravated assault, and rape) ,
497, or about 15 out of every 20, were convicted and
sentenced. (See table 4.)
The rate per 100,000 population for all defend-
ants convicted of major offenses increased from 72.8
in 1937 to 79.7 in 1938, but decreased to 54.4 in
1941. The rate of conviction was higher for burglary
than for any other offense during each of the 5
years, but it decreased from 21.8 in 1938 to 13.8 in
1941. (See table 1.)
IXiring the past 5 years, about 8 out of every
10 defendants charged with major offenses have been
convicted. The percentage of defendants convicted
has remained almost constant since 1939, when 83.3
percent of the defendants were convicted. In 1941,
83.2 percent of all defendants were convicted; 71.7
percent pleaded guilty, 6.7 percent were convicted
by jury, and 4.8 percent were convicted by court.
(See table 2. )
From 1937 to 1941 there was little change in
the proportion of defendants sentenced to imprison-
ment and placed on probation. The proportion of de-
fendants placed on probation showed a slight in-
crease, from 39.8 in 1937 to 43.4 in 1939, but
dropped to 41.9 in 1941. The proportion of defend-
ants sentenced to Imprisonment in a State prison or
refornatory ranged from 46.9 in 1937 to 45.4 in 1939,
but increased to 45.8 in 1941. (See table 3.)
Tables 1 to 4 present data on the disposition
of persons charged with a criminal offense and
brought before a common pleas court, which is the
court having original felony jurisdiction in Ohio.
A defendant charged with more than one offense, if
not convicted, was tabulated by the most serious of-
fense with which charged, and in the case of convic-
tion, oy the most serious offense of which convicted.
The number of defendants charged with and convicted
of seleck^ed major offenses during 1941 and the pre-
ceding 4 years are presented in table 1, together
with the rates per 100,000 population. Table 2 shows
the procedural outcome for defendants charged with
major offenses during the past 5 years, while table
3 shows the type of sentence imposed on defendants
who were convicted. Detailed data on procedural out-
come and sentence or treatment of all defendants
disposed of in 1941 are presented in table 4 by of-
fense. The tables were prepared from individual re-
ports received from the office of the Secretary of
State of Ohio for each defendant disposed of in a
comron pleas court.
A common criticism of court administration is
that there are often unnecessary and exceedingly
long delays in the disposition of criminal cases.
Individual reports were received on the disposition
of defendants in the comron pleas courts and on the
basis of these records, time Intervals from filing
of indictment or information to final plea, trial,
and disposition were computed. These data are pre-
sented in taDles 5 to 8 by method of disposition,
according to total time elapsing from filing of
indictrent or information to disposition, from filing
to final plea, and from final plea to trial. For
defendants convicted and sentenced, total time elaps-
ing from filing to disposition is presented by sen-
tence or treatment. In the analysis of these data
TABLE 1.
-DEPEMDAHTS CHARGED WITH AND CONVICTED OF SELECTED MAJOR OFFENSES IN OHIO,
BY NTJWBER ANB RATB PER 100,000 POPULATION: 1937-1941
DEFENDANTS CHARGED
•
NUMBER
RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION
I9«l
19140
1939
1936
193"'
19«1
191*0
1959
1938
1937
Majob offenses, total
4,515
5,320
5,536
6,459
6,010
65.4
77.0
80.2
94.3
90.1
58
193
452
234
1,080
634
499
301
76
399
157
432
73
181
592
271
1,473
692
540
318
106
504
150
420
72
175
602
262
1,497
775
524
313
163
479
183
491
115
201
778
340
1,682
804
661
378
157
601
191
551
107
233
689
312
1,415
891
626
344
147
474
231
541
0.8
2.8
6.5
3.4
15.6
9.2
7.2
4.4
1.1
5.8
2.3
6.3
1.1
2.6
8.6
3.9
21.3
10.0
7.8
4.6
1.5
7.3
2.2
6.1
1.0
2.5
8.7
3.8
21.7
11.2
7.6
4.5
2.4
6.9
2.7
7.1
1.7
2.9
11.4
5.0
24.5
11.7
9.6
5.5
2.3
8.8
2.8
8.0
1 .6
S.5
RoSBEBr
10.3
4.7
21.2
LaBCENT, EXCEPT AUTO TMEFT
13.4
9.4
5.2
2.2
7.1
3.5
8.1
Stolen pbopestt, receiving, etc...
forgert and counterfeiting
DEFENDANTS CONVICTED
Major offenses,
MuROER
Manslaughter
RoBBEHT
Aggravated assaul
Burglary
Larceny, except a
Embezzlement and ffaud
Stolen property, receiving, etc.
Forgpry and countfrfe it ihg
JOR offenses.
3,755
36
161
356
179
955
548
444
199
56
336
121
354
4,453
52
142
499
210
1,290
618
486
217
85
408
102
344
4,611
50
132
494
199
1,341
677
454
215
135
382
135
397
462 4,857
169
674
272
,492
706
588
268
131
512
137
424
62
17C'
523
233
1,238
774
535
223
122
402
155
411
0.5
2.3
5.2
2.6
13.8
7.9
6.4
2.9
1.0
4.9
1.8
5.1
64.5
0.8
2.1
7.2
3.0
18.7
8.9
7.0
3.1
1.2
5.9
1.5
5.0
0.7
1.9
7.2
2.9
19.4
9.8
6.6
3.1
2.0
5.5
2.0
5.8
TO. 7
1.3
2.5
9.8
4.0
21.8
10.3
8.6
3.9
1.9
7.5
2.0
6.2
72.8
0.9
2.7
7.8
3.5
18.6
11.6
8.0
3.3
1.8
6.0
2.3
6.2
Note.— On the basis Of the 19* census, reports cover 97.-
FOB 19;9-19m. Rates for 19«o »no ISW *«£ based on enun€B/
proportion OF population covered by the reports.
3-3''513
(EflCENT OF THE POPULATION OF THE STATE FOB 1957; 99.8 PERCENT FOB 1938; AND 100.0 PERCENT
population of 1^0', FOB 1937-1^9 0*1 ESTIMATED POPULATIONS. The BATES ABE BASED ON THE
64
JUDICIAL •'nCRIMINAU STATISTICS: OHIO
O to OCD ^ O
[0 0> HlON O O
CO (ft c^ cop
15 W^H
O V <»CVJ OO O
ssSa
CM CO CM <0 CJ O O
0<C ^"^ ^
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il 5 3 • 5
oj X Q ■ 5
fsPM
eN)WH<DWQ3HOC^
oicocvicjH^j'c-'. too
01 tO O^CO O '
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i O r-( CM O W [O (OC^
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toWrHCMOc^tO'3*lf)
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c\ <D Oi OJ ^ ., ^ (<iO
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«oHHcMOer>;^^ir)
tocMCOHv'^LncMS
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t^ ^tOC^ QCM OO tOCMOCiHD CMinio IHCM 1 'CM
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toco lO C^ O ^ ^ ai«3 « CM coo CM OOi tOH Hf-iH
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tOrH^^pHr-IC\Jl 1 ICjltOlrH<NlCM
OCM ino OlC^ to O I^CJIHCD I CM "O i^fcO
lOcoc^toiocDinco icMtoHin icm'^ icm ir-i
(DHOCJOiCMlQtT-OC^CM^COIeO'^COtDI IHIID tO
HOcMCTicMina oc^
HtDCOCOcO^COrHin
CMCM(ClDlf^tDincMOtO(D(Oa. ICDiotOtO IC^JHHIO
cvjioa. incMcoinOH<oco cm h^^ h
CDCOCJ-^O^OiHtOOC^HCMHrHt^OC^CDlDC:
lOCT'lOCOCDCOO". OC^O^tO^COCMCM'^ ^H r-t-
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g S I ji %
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5 5 5 55 35 3^55565^5
JUDICIAL CRIMIK.U- STATISTICS: OHIO
TABLE 5.— DEPENDANTS DISPOSED OP IB THE COMi^OH PLEAS COURT, BY METHOD OP DISPOSITION
AND TIME BETWEEN PILING OP CHARGE AND PINAL DISPOSITION* OHIO, 1941
OeFEMO-
AHTS
DISPOSED
DISPOSED OF WITHOUT CONVICTION
COURT FINDS GUILTY
JURY VERDICT
Total
UtOER I MONTH
0-7 0«YS
e-W DAYS
15-29 i>»»3
1 MONTH
3CHW DAYS
1(5-59 DAYS
2 months
J-5 months
6-11 months
12 months and over
Total
Under 1 month
0-7 DAYS
8-W DAYS
15-29 DAYS
1 MONTH
y>-m DAYS
«5-59 DAYS
2 MONTHS
5-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
1^ tOMTAS AND ovist
^f^RCENT NOT SHOWN WHE
6.694
3,824
1,635
905
1,284
1,107
697
410
514
513
268
468
19.2
16.5
10.4
6.1
4.0
7.0
5.522
1,573
836
1,160
1,496
718
875
50
72
104
97
83
108
132
138
373
124
367
592
336
419
381
130
404
220
268
237
10.6
15.3
9.0
6.3
11.8
31.8
11
6.3
5.0
6.4
11.5
14.4
42.6
25.4
13.8
11.6
9.4
9.4
3.6
2.9
38.8
2.0
10.9
25.9
27.2
19.0
8.2
15.0
12.2
5.4
1.4
(M
28.5
15.1
21.0
6.1
7.5
6.9
2.4
1.7
34.1
16.4
20.0
5.0
6.1
5.4
2.2
1.6
11.3
16.3
23.6
13.4
8.6
12.7
10.7
1.4
2.0
7.7
10.3
26.8
12.5
10.3
HI
1.5
3.6
32.0
18.6
13.3
14.8
16.0
4.7
3.0
2.0
3.9
21.6
13.7
17.5
15.7
2.0
0
TABLE 6.— DEPENDANTS DISPOSED OP IN THE COMfDN PLEAS COURT, BY METHOD OP DISPOSITION
AND TIME BETVTEEN PILING OP CHARGE AND PLEA OK ARRAIGNMENT: OHIO, 1941
TI>C ELAPSING
FROM FILING TO PLEA
DISPOSED OF WITHOUT CONVICTION
ACQUITTED
BY COURT
(JURY
PLEA OF GUILTY
COURT FINDS GUILTY
Total defendants.
6,694
4,384
578
6,116
578
594
566
295
5,522
4,384
441
Under I month
0-7 oats
8-W DAYS
15-29 OATS
1 month
30-aa DAYS
145-59 DAYS
2 months
5-5 months
6-11 MONTHS
12 months and over.
4,828
3,025
984
819
591
526
423
71
32
257
210
33
14
120
101
14
136
101
23
4,302
2,602
913
787
568
3,428
2,015
775
638
435
249
69
76
104
93
249
216
22
11
295
231
35
377
214
270
257
258
240
202
188
Oefchoants entering plea.
Under 1 month
0-7 DAYS
8-lM DAYS
15-29 DAYS
1 MONTH
30-1111 DAYS
16-59 KAYS
2 months
5-5 MONTHS
6-11 MONTHS
12 MONTHS AND OVER
6.2
3.5
4.4
4.2
1.6
1.2
88.6
71.2
12.0
5.4
3.9
3.0
0.3
1.5
1.2
87.1
71.2
11.2
4.7
4.4
3.7
0.7
1.7
1.4
87.0
73.2
10.1
3.6
2.9
2.9
0
2.9
4.3
1.4
1.4
68.7
15.6
8.2
2.0
1.4
1.4
0.7
AIL
77.9
47.1
16.5
14.3
10.3
6.5
3.3
4.7
4.3
1.6
1.2
78.2
46.0
17.7
14.6
9.9
6.3
3.6
15.6
17.2
23.6
21.1
13.2
7.9
10.2
9.1
2.0
1.1
91.5
79.4
8.1
4.0
4.4
2.9
1.5
1.5
1.8
0
0.7
(')
100.0 L00.C
68.3
10.4
8.6
92.2
76.5
7.8
7.8
5.9
3.9
2.0
2.0
0
0
0
^Percent not shown when base is less than 50.
it must be remembered that the disposition accorded a
defendant directly concerns his personal welfare and
what might appear to be unjustified when viewed from
the star- loint of pure efficiency may appear just and
right vvhen fully analyzed.
nearly three-fourths of the 6,694 defendants were
disposed of in less than 2 pionths, but the. disposition
of 468, or 7.0 percent, was pending for 12 months '^r
more. Defendants who vare convicted and sentenced i- -
ceived speedier treatment than those who were elimi-
nated without conviction. Of the defendants who were
convicted, 81.4 percent were disposed of in less than
2 months and 64.6 percent in less than 1 month! but of
the defendants eliminated without conviction only 37.1
percent were disposed of in less than 2 months >jni 21.8
percent in less than 1 month. (Seetable5.) These data
seem to substantiate the statement that the probability
of a conviction decreases with the passage of time.
JUDICIAL CRIMINAL STATISTICS: OHIO
TABLE 7.— DEFENDANTS DISPOSED OP IN THE COWON PIEAS COURT, BY "ETHOD OP DISPOSITION
AND TIME BETWEEN PLEA ON ARRAIGNMENT TO TRIAL: OHIO, 1941
TOTAL
DEFEND-
ANTS
DISPOSED
OF
DISPOSED OF WITHOUT
CONVICTION
CONVICTED
TlhC ELAPSING
FRCW PL£A TO TRIAL
TOTAL
DISMISSED
ACgu 1 TTED
BY COURT
ACQUITTED
BY JURY
OTHER
TOTAL
PLEA OF
GUILTY
COURT FINDS GL
,, TV JURY VERDICT
"■^^ GUILTY
AS
LESSER
AS
CHARGED
LESSER CHARGED
LESSER
Total oefenoants
6,694
1,172
861
138
147
26
5,522
4,384
441
272
36 338
51
Defendants not tbieo
Defendants tried
fi,712
932
887
285
861
138
147
26
4,825
697
4,384
441
272
36 338
51
UNDEB 1 MONTH
601
163
-
88
75
-
438
-
-
182
23 205
28
221
173
207
214
70
43
50
71
[
43
21
24
33
27
22
26
38
I
151
130
157
143
-
-
72
56
54
50
5 68
6 57
12 80
5 73
6
11
11
1 MONTH
15
XH** DAYS
141
73
68
92
7
44
27
24
25
2
-
20
13
9
7
1
24
14
15
18
1
-
97
46
44
67
5
-
-
35
15
15
22
3
3 47
2 26
2 24
6 34
2
12
3
3
5
-
PERCENT
100.0
100.0
0
100.0
100.0
C^)
100.0
0
0
100.0
(
) 100.0
icao
Under 1 month
61. £
S7.£
0
63.8
51.0
62.6
0
0
66.9
1
.. 60.7
54.9
22.5
17.6
21.1
21. B
24.6
15.1
17.5
24.9
0
0
0
0
31.2
15.2
17.4
23.9
18.4
15.0
17.7
25.9
21.7
18.7
2£.5
20.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26.5
20.6
19.9
18.4
20.1
16.9
23.7
21.5
11.8
21.6
21.6
29.4
14.4
7.4
6.9
9.4
0.7
15.4
9.5
8.4
8.8
0.7
0
0
0
0
0
14.5
9.4
6.5
5.1
0.7
16.3
9.5
10.2
12.2
0.7
13.9
6.6
6.3
9.6
0.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12.9
5.5
5.5
8.1
1.1
13.9
7.7
7.1
10.1
0.6
23.5
5.9
5.9
9.8
0
I WHEN BASE IS LESS THAN 50.
-DEPENDANTS CONVICTED AND SENTENCED IN THE COT^'ON PLEAS COURT, BY SENTENCE
AND TIME PROM PILING OP CHARGE TO PINAL DISPOSITION: OHIO, 1941
THe ELAP5ING
Total
NUMBER Of
defendants «
SENTENCED
penalty
State prisons
OR
REFOBM-
OR
SUSPENDED
LOCAL
JAILS,
ETC.
OR
ONLY
FOB JUVENILE
DELINQUENTS
ONLY
OTHER
SENTENCE
Total
Under 1 month
5,522
2
1,784
2,144
673
919
-
3,569
1
1,147
1,270
438
713
-
-
1,573
1
1
469
290
388
347
420
370
4 HO
i9"
234
99
105
106
450
77
186
77
-
_
836
1,160
928
_
_
-
592
336
419
381
130
95
1
234
113
122
115
24
29
252
145
176
171
73
52
64
42
80
34
6
9
41
36
41
61
22
5
-
_
_
_
6-11 months
_
.
PERCENT
Total
100.0
(M
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0
0
Under 1 month
64.5
64.3
59.2
65.1
77.6
0
0
28.5
15.1
21.0
16.8
26.3
16.3
21.7
19.5
19.5
17.3
22.4
18. 5
34.8
14.7
15.6
15.8
49.0
8.4
20.2
8.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 MONTH
0
10.7
6.1
7.6
6.9
2.4
1.7
13.1
6.3
6.8
6.4
1.3
1.6
11.8
6.3
8.2
8.0
3.6
2.4
9.5
6.2
11.9
5.1
0.9
1.3
4.5
3.9
4.5
6.6
2.4
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
^Percent not shown when base is less than 50.
Por a little over three-fourths of the defendants
who entered a plea, the time elapsing from filing of
indictment or information to final plea was less than 1
month and for nearly half of them it did not exceed 1
week. Of the defendants who pleaded guilty to a lesser
offense, only 15.5 percent had entered final plea by
the end of a week, whereas 46.0 percent of those plead-
ing guilty as charged entered final plea during the
first week. (See table 6.)
Of the 6,694 defendants disposed of in the oommon
pleas courts, only 982, or 14.7 percent, were brought
to trial, and of these, 697, or 71.0 percent, were con-
victed and sentenced. Of the defendants who were con-
victed, 62.8 percent were trip-i in less than 1 month
after plea, as compared with 57.2 percent of those who
were not convicted. (See table 7.) Defendants convicted
ai'l placed on probation seem to have been disposed of
a little more slowly than thCoe receiving other treat-
"lent. Of all defendants fli-.ni on probation, 59.2
percent were disposed of w, -'-^n 1 month after filing
of indictment or information, a.-; compared with 64.3
percent of those sentenced t ■> -^ State prison or reform-
atory and 65.1 percent of those sent to local jails.
(See table 8. )
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