Skip to main content

Full text of "King's handbook of Boston"

See other formats 


FIFTH    EDITION,   THOROUGHLY    REVISED   AND    ENLARGED. 


•    •>       MUTUAL    LIFE  INSURANCE-CO.OFNEW-:YORK  ■- :  •»■;.  NEW  ENGLAND  "M  UTUAL  LIFE  INSURANCE/CO. 


CHtQBiyBCE-- gQ^S5. 


MOSES  KING 


■e 


■•> 


EUBldiSHERi 


[harvard  •  college] 


Copyright  1S7S,  1S79,  1881,  and  1883,  by  Moses  King. 


KING'S  DICTIONARY  OF  BOSTON.  By  Edwin  M.  Bacon.  An  elaborate  history  and  descrip- 
don  of  the  city.  Arranged  alphabetically.  It  has  1,500  interesting  paragraphs,  in  530  solidly 
paclc'ed  pages.  It  is  the  most  useful  local  book  ever  published.  Cloth,  with  gilt  top,  $1.00; 
flexible  cloth,  75  cents;  paper,  50  cents. 

KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  A  comprehensive  detailed  description  of  Boston,  classified 
by  subjects.  Handsomely  printed  and  profusely  illustrated.  350  pp.  200  illustrations.  Cloth, 
$1.00. 

KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON  HARBOR.  By  M.  F  Sweetser.  300  handsome  pages. 
200  original  illustrations.  The  most  entertaining  handbook  ever  published  in  America.  Cloth, 
uniform  with  "  King's  Handbook  of  Boston,"  $1.00. 

KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.  A  popular  history  of  this  old  city,  famous 
for  its  university,  its  history,  its  beauty,  and  its  industries.  400  pp.  150  illustrations,  including 
many  portraits.     Cloth,  $2.50. 

KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.  Similar  in  size,  style,  and  scope,  with  King's 
Handbook  of  Boston.    200  pp.     75  illustrations.     Cloth,  $1.50. 

KING'S  POCKETBOOK  OF  PROVIDENCE,  R.I.  An  alphabetical  guide.  400  paragraphs 
128  pp.     Subscription  edition,  large  paper,  fine  printing,  and  exquisite  binding,  $1.00. 

THE  BACK-BAY  DISTRICT  AND  THE  VENDOME.  A  profusely  illustrated  pamphlet,  32  pp  , 
describing  Boston's  "  Back-Bay  District"  and  the  Hotel  Vendome.     25  cents. 

VEST-POCKET  MAP  OF  BOSTON.  A  neat  map  of  Boston  proper,  bound  in  red  leather,  small 
enough  to  put  into  a  lady's  pocketbook.     15  cents. 

WALTHAM,  PAST  AND  PRESENT.  By  Charles  A.  Nelson,  A.M.  An  historical  and  a  de- 
scriptive sketch  from  the  earliest  times.  55  clear  photographic  illustrations.  152  pp.  Cloth, 
$2.50. 

MOUNT-AUBURN   CEMETERY.     100  pp.    30  illustrations.    Paper,  30  cents. 

THE  CAMBRIDGE  HIGH  SCHOOL.  By  Elbridge  Smith,  former  head  master,  and  William  F. 
Bradbury,  present  head  master.  This  is  a  comprehensive  history  and  description  of  the  school 
from  its  beginning.  It  is  supplemented  by  an  exhaustive  catalogue  of  graduates  and  teachers. 
Illustrated.     Cloth,  $1.00. 

THE  BOSTON  PUBLIC  LATIN  SCHOOL.  By  Rev.  Henry  F.  Jenks.  An  illustrated 
historical  sketch.     32  pp.     Pamphlet.     25  cents. 

HARVARD  AND  ITS  SURROUNDINGS.  By  Moses  King.  An  historical  and  descriptive 
guide  to  all  departments  of  Harvard  University  and  Cambridge.  70  illustrations.  120  pp. 
Cloth,  $1.50;  paper,  $1.00. 

WORCESTER  VEST-POCKET  GUIDE.  A  miniature  guide-book  to  Worcester,  Mass.  Text 
alphabetically  arranged.     96  small  pp.     Paper,  15  cents. 

CAMBRIDGE  VEST-POCKET  GUIDE.  This  book  is  so  small  and  so  thin  that  it  can  be  easily 
carried  in  a  small  pocketbook,  although  it  gives  a  pretty  full  description  of  the  city.  128  pp. 
Paper,  10  cents. 

BOSTON:  WHAT  TO  SEE,  AND  HOW  TO  SEE  IT.  A  route-guide  to  Boston.  Starting 
always  from  one  point,  the  stranger  is  here  guided  to  every  thing  worthy  of  seeing  on  a  short  and 
rapid  visit.     128  pp.     Paper,  10  cents. 

CHURCHES  OF  BOSTON  AND  VICINITY.  By  20  pastors.  This  is  a  collection  of  twenty 
historical  sketches  of  the  famous  churches  in  and  around  Boston.  There  are  20  superb  photo- 
graphic views.  The  book  is  a  massive  volume,  and  is  a  beautiful  specimen  of  typography.  Sold 
only  by  subscription.     Cloth,  $10.00. 


The  aboi'e  hooks  can  be  bought  of  any  American  or  foreign  bookseller,  or  they  will 
be  sent  to  any  address,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price. 


MOSES    KING PUBLISHER, 

CAMBRIDGE,  MASS.  £)\<t 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FIFTH  EDITION. 


It  was  the  intention  of  the  publisher  of  "  King's  Handbook  of 
Boston"  to  bring  out  a  new  edition  of  it  every  year,  on  the  first  day 
of  June ;  but  the  pressure  of  other  duties  made  this  impossible  in  1882, 
and  almost  caused  it  to  be  neglected  in  1883.  It  is  now  hoped  to  bring 
out  the  new  editions,  thoroughly  revised  and  considerably  improved, 
according  to  former  intentions. 

The  present  edition  has  undergone  a  thorough  revision,  first  by  Edwin 
M.  Bacon,  the  author  of  "King's  Dictionary  of  Boston,"  and  afterwards 
by  M.  F.  Sweetser,  the  author  of  "  King's  Handbook  of  Boston  Harbor." 
Many  of  the  good  qualities  of  the  book  are  due  to  their  prolific  knowl- 
edge and  their  peculiar  versatility.  It  must  also  be  remembered,  that, 
in  preparing  previous  editions,  the  publisher  was  indebted  to  many  per- 
sons, too  numerous  to  mention  here.  Of  these,  however,  special  thanks 
must  be  expressed  to  Mr.  Bacon,  mentioned  above ;  Dr.  Samuel  A. 
Green,  the  recent  mayor  of  Boston ;  John  Ward  Dean,  the  librarian 
of  the  New-England  Historic-Genealogical  Society;  William  Howe 
Downes,  a  well-known  Boston  journalist ;  and  to  the  hundreds  of  persons 
who  kindly  furnished  the  sketches  of  the  institutions  and  associations 
in  which  they  were  officially  interested.  Numerous  books,  too,  were 
referred  to ;  some  of  which  have  been  duly  credited,  and  others  have 
been  used  where  credit  seemed  impossible. 

The  publisher  is  exerting  every  reasonable  effort  to  keep  up  the 
reputation  of  "  King's  Handbook  of  Boston  "  as  the  standard  popular 
history,  guide,  and  reference-book  to  the  New-England  metropolis,  by 

3 


4  PREFA  CE. 

constantly  adding  to  and  carefully  revising  its  contents,  both  in  illustra- 
tions and  text.  To  encourage  him  in  this  work,  he  trusts  the  residents 
of  Boston  will  be  generous  in  their  patronage,  first,  by  buying  copies  of 
the  various  editions  for  themselves  as  necessary  reference-books,  and, 
secondly,  by  sending  away  one  or  more  copies  to  friends  who  are  inter- 
ested in  the  city. 

It  is  due  to  Macullar,  Parker,  &  Company,  to  say  that  they  have  already 
bought  fully  twenty-five  hundred  copies  of  this  work,  and  have  distrib- 
uted them  in  all  quarters  of  the  globe. 

The  present  edition  has  been  enlarged  upwards  of  fifty  pages,  numer- 
ous new  paragraphs  have  been  added,  and  many  new  illustrations  have 
been  inserted.  The  text  is  much  improved,  the  printing  and  paper  are 
finer,  and  the  binding  is  better,  than  heretofore.  All  of  the  editions, 
now  amounting  to  sixteen  thousand  (16,000)  copies,  have  been  printed 
by  Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  of  the  Franklin  Press,  whose  immense  estab- 
lishment has  long  since  become  famous  throughout  the  country  for  its 
exquisite  printing  and  perfect  proof-reading. 

If  this  book  were  going  to  be  dedicated  to  anybody,  it  would  be 

Hetifcatetj 

TO  THE  THOUSANDS  WHO  HAVE  BOUGHT  IT  ALREADY, 

AND   ALSO 

TO  THE  THOUSANDS  WHO  ARE  GOING  TO  BUY  IT  HEREAFTER. 


All  suggestions  for  improving,  and  all  notes  for  correcting  the  book, 

should  be  addressed  to 

MOSES    KING, 

Editor  and  Publisher  King^s  Handbook  of  Boston, 

Sept.  i,  1883.  Cambridge,  Mass. 


lauwomuk  Dy  tne  In- 
dians, which  is  said  by  some  historians  to  have  signified  ''living  fountains," 
and  by  others  '"free  land,"  or  "land  unclaimed;"  and  this  afterward 
became  abbreviated  to  "  Shawmut."  Winthrop  and  his  associates,  who 
settled  it  from  Charlestown,  called  it  Trimountaine,  probably  from  its 
three  hills  afterwards  known  as  Beacon,  Copp's,  and  Fort  Hills,  though 
possibly  from  the  three  peaks  of  Beacon  Hill,  described  in  1633  by  Wood 
the  voyager  as  '-three  little  hills  on  top  of  a  high  mountain."  The  first 
settler  here  was  the  Rev.  William  Blaxton,  who  lived  between  the  present 
Louisburg  Square  and  the  Charles  River.  He  held  an  unquestioned 
proprietorship  to  the  whole  peninsula  of  Boston  ;  and  when  his  ownership 
was  recognized  by  the  court,  each  householder  agreed  to  pay  no  less  than 


Copyrighted  in  1878  by  Mosf.s  King.     Ru-cntcrcd 


and  again  in  1881  and  t88j 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


First   House   in   Boston. 


six  shillings  to  make  up  the  required  sum  of  ,£30  to  buy  of  him  all  but  six 

acres  where  his  house  stood.     This  was  accomplished  :  and  with  the  pur- 
chase-money he  bought  some  cows,  and  ••  moved  on,"  establishing  himself 

in  a  new  home  at  a  point  then  far 
away  from  Boston,  on  the  banks  of  a 
picturesque  river,  which  is  now  known 
as  the  Blackstone,  named  alter  him. 
Ann  Pollard,  who  lived  to  the  ripe 
old  age  of  105.  is  said  to  have  been 
the  first  white  woman  that  landed  in 
Boston.  According  to  her  story,  she 
came  over  in  one  of  the  first  ships 
that  reached  Charlestown  ;  and  a  few 
days  afterwards  a  party  of  young 
people  rowed  to  Boston  to  get  some 
good  water.  As  the  boat  neared  the 
shore,  she,  being  a  romping  girl,  declared  that  she  would  land  first,  and 
immediately  jumped  from  the  bow  to  the  beach. 

In  1630  the  first  general  court  of  the  colony  was 
held  in  Boston.  John  Winthrop  was  the  first  ijov- 
ernor  elected  by  the  colonists,  and  Thomas  Dudley 
the  deputy-governor.  Had  these  two  carried  out  their 
plan  of  fortifying  "  New-towne,"  the  present  Cam- 
bridge, the  result  would  possibly  have  been,  that  either 
the  latter.  Oi  some  other  town,  would  have  become  the 
New-England  metropolis,  instead  of  Boston.  Win- 
throp, however,  after  he  and  others  had  built  houses 
at  New-towne,  saw  that  Boston  was  the  most  prom- 
ising site,  ami  consequently  abandoned  the  project, 
causing  thereby  the  enmity  of  Dudley.  This  circum- 
stance, possibly  combined  with  jealousy,  led  to  un- 
friendly disputes  between  those  two  magnates,  which 
had  to  be  settled  by  arbitrators.  The  old  beacon. 
shown  in  all  the  early  plans  of  the  town,  and  which 
gave  the  name  to  beacon  Hill,  was  erected  in  1^34-5 
to  alarm  the  country  in  case  of  invasion.  It  stood 
near  the  present  State  House,  the  exact  spot  being 
the  south-east  corner  of  the  reservoir  on  Temple 
Street.  It  was  a  tall  mast,  standing  on  cross  timbers 
placed  upon  a  stone  foundation,  supported  by  braces, 
and  was  ascended  by  treenails  driven  into  it  :  and. 
sixty-live1  feet  from  the  base,  projected  a  crane  of  iron   from  which  an  iron 


Beacon,    Beacon    Hill. 


From  "  Pioncen  in  the  Settlement  >*f  America.**    testes  A:  Launat,  Uoston. 


QUARREL    BETWEEN    WINTHROP    AND    DUDLEY. 


8  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

skeleton  frame  was  suspended,  to  receive  a  barrel  of  tar  or  other  combust- 
ibles. When  fired  this  could  be  seen  for  a  great  distance  inland.  It  was 
newly  erected  in  1768,  having-  fallen  from  some  cause  unknown  :  and  in  1789 
it  was  blown  down.  The  next  year  a  monument  of  brick,  sixty  feet  high 
and  four  in  diameter,  was  erected  on  its  site  to  the  memory  of  those  who  fell 
at  Bunker  Hill:  and  in  1S1  1  this  was  taken  down,  the  mound  being  levelled. 

The  happiest  people  are  those  who  have  no  history:  and  there  is  not 
much  of  moment  to  record  concerning  this  thriving  town  during  the  first 
century  of  its  existence.  A  few  interesting  facts  from  the  quaint  records  of 
the  early  day  will  show  the  state  of  society  and  public  opinion.  From  1637 
up  to  1676,  in  the  pages  of  local  history  can  be  found  cases  where  persons 
were  either  banished  from  Boston,  or  murdered  on  account  of  heresy, 
hung  on  charges  of  witchcraft,  punished  for  petty  misdemeanors  by  im- 
prisonment in  the  stocks,  whipped  or  lined  for  being  Baptists,  persecuted  in 
various  ways  for  being  Quakers,  or  placed  in  cages  for  violating  the  sab- 
bath. Up  to  the  last  century,  too,  slavery  existed  in  Boston.  In  1655 
times  were  very  hard;  and  many  inhabitants  paid  their  taxes  with  produce, 
grain,  and  other  articles.  The  town  also  suffered  from  extensive  fires  in 
1676,  1679,  l7ll>  and  1760:  over  350  buildings  being  destroyed  in  the  latter 
conflagration.  In  1686  there  was  trouble  between  the  colony  and  the  home 
government:  and  Andros,  an  unpopular  governor,  was  imprisoned  by  the 
people  in  1689,  and  finally  forced  to  leave  the  country.  The  colonial  char- 
ter was  withdrawn;  but  in  1692  came  a  new  governor,  with  an  olive-branch 
in  the  shape  of  a  new  charter,  and  the  troubles  temporarily  ceased.  Edward 
Ward,  a  cockney  traveller,  thus  described  the  young  town  in  1699:  ';  On  the 
south-west  side  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  is  Boston,  whose  name  is  taken  from 
a  town  in  Lincolnshire,  and  is  the  Metropolis  of  all  New  England.  The 
houses  in  some  parts  joyn  as  in  London.  The  buildings,  like  their  women, 
being  neat  and  handsome.  And  their  streets,  like  the  hearts  of  the  male 
inhabitants,  arc  paved  with  pebble/' 

The  first  attempt  to  establish  a  paper  was  made  in  1690,  and  the  first 
number  is  held  by  the  Colonial  State  Paper  Office  at  London.  A  copy  of 
this,  by  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green,  was  published  in  vol.  i.  (1857)  of  "The  His- 
torical Magazine."'  The  first  newspaper  in  America  was  issued  in  Boston, 
its  publication  beginning  on  April  24.  1704.  It  was  called  "The  Boston 
News-Letter.''  Its  founder  was  John  Campbell,  then  the  town  postmaster: 
and  the  first  number  may  yet  be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society.  In  1706  Benjamin  Franklin  was,  it  is  very  generally 
believed,  born  in  the  humble  little  house  which  stood  on  Milk  Street,  on 
the  site  ot  the  present  "  Boston  Post"  building.  The  old  house  stood  a 
hunched  and  twenty  years,  respected  as  one  of  the  most  notable  landmarks; 
and  its  destruction  by  fire,  in  181 1,  was  keenly  regretted,  especially  by  the 


From  "  Pioneers  in  the  Settlement  of  America."    Eitci  i  Liurl&t,  Boiun. 


ANUROS    A   PRISONER    IN    BOSTON. 


TO 


AVAC'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


Franklin's    Birthplace,    Milk  Street 


older  citizens.  A  few  persons  say  that  Franklin  was  born  in  Hanover  Street. 
In  172S  two  young  men  fought  a  duel  on  the  Common,  one  of  them  being 
killed.     This  caused  the  passage  of  a  stringent  law  against  duelling.     The 

same  year  the  general  court  was 
removed  to  Salem.  boston  was 
now  divided  into  twelve  wards,  it 
having  been  previously,  in  1715. 
divided  into  eight  wards  :  and  in 
1740  it  had  live  public  schools  and 
fifteen  churches. 

Not  long  alter  began  the  exciting 
displays  of  opposition  to  the  oppres- 
sions of  the  home  government,  and 
the  petty  tyrannies  of  some  of  its 
representatives  in  the  colony.  The 
citizens  were  jealous  of  their  rights, 
and  ever  ready  to  strike  for  them. 
In  1747  Commodore  Knowles  of  the 
British  navy,  being  short  of  men, 
openly  impressed  sailors  in  the 
streets  of  the  town  :  and  thereupon 
there  was  a  lively  riot.  The  excitement  ran  high.  Some  British  officers 
were  seized,  and  were  held  as  hostages  by  the  irate  townspeople  until 
the  release  of  their  fellow-townsmen  :  and  the  commodore  was  obliged  to 
submit,  and  to  return  the  impressed  men  when  the  officers  were  in  turn 
released.  In  1750  an  indignation  meeting  of  citizens  was  held  to  protest 
against  the  heavy  duty  levied  on  tea  and  other  articles  of  import.  In 
1765  the  '•  Sons  of  Liberty  "were  organized  under  the  "  Liberty  Tree,"  a 
wide-spreading,  beautiful  elm.  which  stood  in  front  of  a  grocery,  near  what 
is  now  the  coiner  of  Essex  and  Washington  Streets,  a  tablet  on  the 
present  building  marking  the  spot  :  and  here  were  exposed  the  effigies 
of  those  men  who  had  favored  the  passage  of  the  odious  Stamp-Act. 
During  the  exciting  period  which  followed,  nearly  all  the  great  political 
meetings  of  the  "  Sons  of  Libertv."  called  together  by  the  hoisting  of  a 
flag  on  the  staff  extending  through  the  branches  of  the  tree,  were  held 
under  its  waving  boughs  and  in  the  square  about  it.  During  the  siege  of 
Boston,  about  the  last  of  August.  1775.  this  tree  was  cut  clown  by  a  gang  in 
the  pay  of  the  British  soldiers  and  the  Tories,  after  standing  119  years. 
In  1770  there  was  continued  excitement  about,  and  opposition  to.  the  unjust 
revenues  imposed  by  the  home  government  :  and  we  read  of  an  anti-tea- 
drinking  society  that  was  formed  by  the  ladies.  On  the  5th  of  March  of 
this  year  the  Boston   Massacre  occurred,  in  which  five  citizens  were  killed 


ICING'S   HANDBOOK-  OF    BOSTON. 


f  r 


and  several  wounded  by  the  Britisli  soldiers.  The  affair  grew  nut  of  a 
trivial  street-brawl  between  the  parties  in  King,  now  State,  Street.  Such 
was  the  feeling  caused  by  the  massacre,  that  it  was  deemed  expedient  by  the 
British  authorities  to  withdraw  the  troops  from  the  town.  This  massacre 
was,  however,  only  the  cloud  before  the  storm:  lor  Boston  was  soon  to  be 
the  centre  of  warlike  operations  on  a  large  scale.  Dec.  i<>.  1773.  the  mem- 
orable "  Boston  tea-party  "  occurred  ;  in  which  a  number  of  citizens  disguised 
as  Indians  boarded  several  English  ships  lying  at  the  wharf,  and  emptied 
342  chests  of  the  obnoxious  tea  into  the  harbor.  The  following  year  the 
harbor  was  entirely  closed  as  a  port  of  entry:  and  in  [775  began  the  struggle 


i-^lMfm-.*^ 


%|t^ 


nst-.sk- 


Dorcnester   Heights  and  the   Harbor. 


From  •'  Harper'*  Wi-eklj.  ' 


for  independence,  in  which  Boston  and  its  vicinity  took  such  a  prominent 
and  honorable  share.  In  April  the  skirmishes  at  Lexington  and  Concord 
took  place,  rousing  the  entire  country:  and  June  17  the  battle  of  ICnker 
Hill  was  fought  at  Charlestown,  resulting  in  a  repulse  of  the  little  American 
army.  That  autumn  the  British  soldiers  occupied  the  Old  South  Church  as 
a  riding-school,  and  in  many  other  ways  made  themselves  particularly  disa- 
greeable to  the  patriotic  citizens  of  the  town.  The  British  occupied  Boston 
all  the  following  winter :  the  army  under  Washington  prosecuting  its  siege 
with  much  perseverance  and  vigor,  so  that  in  March  the  Americans  were 
victorious,  forcing  Gen.  Howe  to  evacuate  the  town,  and  sail  away,  carrying 
with  him  a  thousand  Tories, 


12 


A'/NG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  evacuation  of  Boston  was  the  result  of  a  strategic  movement  of 
Washington,  in  taking  possession  of  the  bold,  rugged  hill  known  as  Dor- 
chester Heights,  now  a  part  of  South  Boston,  though  still  retaining  its  old 
name  among  the  older  residents  of  the  city.  Washington  confidently  ex- 
pected an  attack  from  Howe,  and  had  prepared  a  counter  stroke.  Two 
divisions  under  Putnam  were  to  attack  the  town.  Sullivan,  with  one,  was 
to  assault  the  works  on  Beacon  Hill:  Greene,  with  the  other,  was  to  carry 
the  port  at  Barton's  Point,  and  make  a  junction  with  Sullivan.  But.  as 
Drake  says  in  his  "Old  Landmarks  of  Boston,"  " Providence  arrested  the 
purpose  of  Howe,  and  the  town  was  entered  without  a  shot  being  fired." 
The  work  of  constructing  the  fortifications  on  Dorchester  Heights  was 
begun  at  about  eight  o'clock  on  the  night  of  the  4th  of  .March,  and  when 
morning  dawned  the  Heights  were  in  condition  to  afford  a  good  defence 
against  small  arms  and  grape-shot.  The  works  commanded  both  the 
harbor  and  town,  and  compelled  the  British  either  to  evacuate  the  town, 
or  to  drive  the  Americans  from  their  fortifications.  The  latter  course  was 
determined  upon  :  but  a  furious  storm  arose,  and  the  design  was  aban- 
doned, and  evacuation  took  place  on  March  17,  1776.  On  July  18  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  was  read  from  the  balcony  of  the  Town 
House,  amid  great  rejoicings.  With  varying  and  oftentimes  doubtful  pros- 
pects of  success,  the  war  for  independence  drew  gradually  toward  its  close 
in  1781.  John  Hancock  was  presiding  over  the  destinies  of  the  Common- 
wealth when  the  desired  consummation  of  the  struggle  was  reached,  and 
the  historic  town  entered  upon  a  new  and  brighter  era  of  its  existence. 

The  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  was  a  period  of  rapid  growth 
and  marked  improvement  in  Boston.  The  population  in  1789  was  18,000. 
The  Charles-river  Bridge,  the  first  of  the  numerous  avenues  connecting 
the  town  with  its  northern  and  western  suburbs,  was  completed:  and  before 
the  close  of  the  century  the  new  Stale  House  was  finished,  and  the  first  two 
theatres  —  the  Boston,  and  the  Havmarket —  opened  their  doors.  During 
Washington's  visit  in  [789  he  lodged  in  a  mansion-house  on  the  corner  of 
Court  and  Tremont  Streets:  which,  although  altered  and  one  story  higher, 
stood  until  1883.  On  the  Court-street  front,  between  the  second  and  third 
stories,  was  a  stone  tablet,  bearing  tin:  inscription:  — 


Washington  Street,  during  the  same  year,  was  named  in  honor  of  this  visit. 
Among  those  who  were  occupants  of  the  old  building  were  Harrison  Cray 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


T3 


Washington's  Lodgings,  Court  Street. 


Otis,  the  eminent  lawyer,  and  Daniel  Webster,  who  had  his  law-office  there 
during  his  residence  in  Boston.  The  upper  stories  for  many  years  were 
almost  exclusively  occupied  by  lawyers  ; 
and  the  lower  story  was  for  over  fifty 
years  occupied  by  the  wholesale  and 
retail  grocery  store  of  Samuel  S.  Pierce, 
later  S.  S.  Pierce  &  Co.,  which  will  be 
re-opened  here  in  1884,  when  the  vast 
new  building  now  under  construction  on 
this  site  is  finished  and  ready  for  occu- 
pation for  offices. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  the  greater  portion  of  the  his- 
torical events  can  be  recalled  by  many 
persons  now  living.  Our  aim  shall  be 
briefly  to  mention  some  of  the  most 
notable. 

During  the  autumn  of  1804  a  terrific 
gale  visited  Boston,  blowing  down  sev- 
eral church-steeples,  and  doing  much  damage.  The  news  of  the  declara- 
tion of  war  against  England  in  1812  was 
received  by  Bostonians  with  indignation. 
Her  influential  men  had  opposed  the  em- 
bargo laid  upon  commerce  with  England, 
which  was  a  heavy  blow  to  the  interests  of 
Boston  and  Massachusetts,  one-third  of  the 
shipping  of  the  United  States  being  at  that 
time  owned  in  the  State;  and  they  pro- 
nounced the  war  a  serious  mistake.  Nev- 
ertheless, at  the  call  for  troops  a  regiment 
was  raised  here  ;  and  in  1814,  when  a  British 
fleet  was  reported  to  be  off  the  coast,  ex- 
tensive preparations  were  made  to  give  it  a 
warm  reception,  should  it  come  this  way. 
Peace  was  gladly  welcomed  the  next  year. 

In  1816  Webster  came  to  Boston.  He 
lived  first  in  Mount  Vernon  Street,  on  the 
summit  of  Beacon  Hill,  a  few  rods  north- 
west of  the  State  House  ;  later,  in  the  house 
now  standing  at  No.  37  Somerset  Street; 
and  afterwards  at  the  corner  of  High  and  Summer  Streets,  where  he  enter- 
tained Lafayette  in  magnificent  style  during  the  visit  of  the  latter  in  1824. 


Site  of  Webster's  Home,  Summer  Street. 


M 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Webster's  residence  in  Summer  Street,  now  numbered  136  and  138,  was 
long  marked  by  a  splendid  block  of  stores,  known  as  "  The  Webster 
Buildings."  This  went  down  in  the  great  fire  of  1872,  but  was  soon  re- 
placed by  a  substantial  iron-front  building  erected  as  a  warehouse  for  Wm. 
Claflin,  Coburn,  &  Co.,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  prominent  boot-manufac- 
turing firms  in  the  United  States. 

In  1821  the  West-Point  Cadets,  under  command  of  Major  Worth,  U.S.A., 
marched  to  Boston,  and  encamped  on  the  Common.  They  were  accompa- 
nied by  the  finest  band  in  the  country,  the  music  of  which  was  nightly  lis- 
tened to  by  an  admiring  multitude;  and  Willis's  strains  from  a  Kent  bugle, 
an  instrument  then  first  introduced,  were  long  remembered. 

On  Feb.  22,  1822,  after  many  years'  agitation  of  the  subject,  the  first  peti- 
tion having  been  made  as  early  as  the  year  1709,  an  act  establishing  the  city 
of  Boston  was  passed  by  the  legislature,  and  accepted  by  the  citizens ;  and 
May  1,  Boston  became  a  city.  John  Phillips  was  the  first  mayor.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Josiah  Ouincy,  who  was  in  office  six  successive  years.  The 
other  mayors  of  Boston,  in  the  order  of  their  service,  were  :  Harrison  Gray 
Otis,  three  terms  ;  Charles  Wells,  two  ;  Theodore  Lyman,  jun.,  two ;  Samuel 
T.  Armstrong,  one ;  Samuel  A.  Eliot,  three ;  Jonathan  Chapman,  three ; 
Martin  Brimmer,  two  ;  Thomas  A.  Davis,  one  ;  Josiah  Quincy,  jun.,  three ; 
John  P.  Bigelow,  three;  Benjamin  Seaver,  two;  Jerome  V.  C.  Smith,  two; 
Alexander  H.  Rice,  two ;  Frederic  W.  Lincoln,  jun.,  three  ;  Joseph  M.  Wight- 
man,  two ;  Frederic  W. 
Lincoln,  jun.,  again,  four; 
Otis  Norcross,  one ;  Na- 
thaniel B.  Shurtleff,  three ; 
William  Gaston,  two ;  Hen- 
ry L.  Pierce,  one  ;  Samuel 
C.  Cobb,  three  ;  Frederick 
O.  Prince,  one;  Henry  L. 
Pierce,  one;  F.  O.  Prince, 
three  ;  Samuel  A.  Green, 
one  ;  and  Albert  Palmer, 
the  present  incumbent. 

In  1824  Lafayette  occu- 
pied   part   of    the   double 
house     now    standing    at 
the    corner   of    Park    and 
Beacon  Streets ;  the  other 
part   afterwards   becoming   the    residence  of   George    Ticknor,  the  distin- 
guished historian  of  Spanish  literature,  and  one  of  the  great  benefactors 
of  the  Boston  Public  Library.     Among  the  early  occupants  of  this  mansion 


Lafayette's  Lodgings,  Beacon  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


15 


were  Gov.  Christopher  Gore,  in  honor  of  whom  the  Harvard  College  Library 
has  been  named;  Edward  G.  Malbone,  the  portrait-painter;  Hon.  Samuel 
Dexter,  an  eminent  lawyer  and  statesman,  who  had  been  secretary  of  war, 
secretary  of  the  treasury,  acting  secretary  of  state,  and  the  first  president 
of  the  earliest  Massachusetts  temperance  society.  Mr.  Ticknor  was  an 
occupant  of  the  house  from  1830  until  his  death  in  1S70.  It  is  still  occu- 
pied by  his  family. 

In  1824  the  population  of  the  city  was  58,000.  During  the  next  few  years 
numerous  public  improvements  were  made:  among  them  the  opening  of  the 
East-Boston  and  Chelsea  ferries ;  the  completion  of  the  Warren  Bridge, 
connecting  Charlestown  with  Boston  ;  the  laying  of  gas-pipes  ;  and  the  erec- 
tion of  many  notable  public  and  private  buildings,  including  a.  new  court- 
house, custom-house,  and  three  theatres,  the  Tremont,  Federal,  and  Warren. 

In  1830  the  population  had  grown  to  61,000,  and  the  city  celebrated  the 
second  centenary  of  its  settlement.  In  1833  the  old  hero,  Andrew  Jackson, 
visited  Boston,  and  was  received  with  great  popular  enthusiasm.  The  Whig 
party  was  formed  about  this  time.  It  was  in  1834  that  the  Ursuline  Convent 
in  Charlestown  was  burned  by  a  mob. 

In  1837  a  large  delegation  of  the  Sacs  and  Fox  Indians  arrived  from  the 
far  West,  and,  in  all  the  gorgeousness  of  paint  and  feathers,  exhibited  on 
the  Common  their  war-dances  and  other  feats  before  interested  thousands. 
Boston  suffered,  in  common  with  other  parts  of  the  country,  in  the  panic  of 
this  year,  and  its  banks  suspended  specie  payments ;  but  in  good  time  it  re- 
covered, and  entered  upon  another  season  of  prosperity.  In  1840  the  first 
steamship-line  between  Boston  and  Liverpool  was  established.  In  1843 
President  Tyler  and  Gen.  Scott  visited  Boston. 

In  1844,  after  a  period  of  intense  cold,  the  harbor  was  firmly  frozen  as 
far  down  as  the  lighthouse ;  and  its  surface  was  enlivened  with  skating, 
coasting,  sledding,  and  sleighing.  Cargoes  were  discharged  on  to  teams, 
and  transported  to  the  warehouses.  Booths,  as  on  high  holidays,  filled 
with  eatables  and  drinkables,  added  to  the  gavety  of  the  scene,  in  one  of 
which  was  repeated  the  laughable  ruse,  which  originated  at  Dedham,  to 
avoid  the  then  stringent  liquor  law,  by  placing  thereon  a  placard  of  "  The 
striped  pig  on  exhibition,"  and  exhibiting  him  in  the  form  of  drinks  to  suit; 
and  for  years  "the  striped  pig"  was  a  synonyme  for  a  glass  of  liquor.  It 
was  during  this  ice-embargo  that  the  enterprising  Boston  merchants,  aided 
by  the  Fresh  Pond  ice-cutters,  cut  a  channel  seven  miles  long  to  enable  the 
imprisoned  Cunard  steamship  to  prosecute  her  voyage  to  England. 

In  1847  President  Polk  was  the  guest  of  the  city.  During  this  year 
there  was  a  great  fire  at  the  North  End,  which  consumed  more  than  one 
hundred  buildings,  with  their  contents.  In  1848  the  Cochituate  water  was 
introduced,  and  the  event  celebrated  with  an  imposing  display.     In   1849 


t6 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


there  was  unexampled  mortality  from  Asiatic  cholera.  In  1S50  Professor 
John  W.  Webster  was  hung  for  the  murder  of  Dr.  George  Parkman,  one 
of  the  most  extraordinary  cases  in  the  history  of  American  crime.  The 
advent  of  Jenny  Lind  was  a  notable  event  of  the  same  year ;  the  great 
Swedish  vocalist  singing  to  audiences  of  upwards  of  4,000  people.  At  this 
period  the  anti-slavery  agitation  became  intense;  and  in  1854  the  Burns 
riot  occurred,  caused  by  efforts  to  liberate  Anthony  Burns,  a  fugitive  slave, 
one  man  being  killed  and  several  seriously  hurt.  In  i860  the  Prince  oi 
Wales  with  his  suite  visited  Boston. 

The  opening  of  the  civil  war  in  1861  found  Boston  in  a  state  of  patri- 
otic ferment.  Great  out-door  war-meetings  were  held,  and  recruiting  was 
early  begun,  and  carried  on  vigorously.  During  the  war  the  city  responded 
promptly  to  every  call  for  men  or  money,  and  sent  into  the  army  and  navy 
26,119  men,  685  of  whom  were  commissioned  officers.  In  the  sanitary 
work  the  Boston  people,  prominently  the  women,  were  among  the  foremost. 
In  1863  a  draft-riot  occurred  at  the  North  End,  but  it  was  soon  overcome 
by  the  authorities. 


Hancock's  House,  Beacon  Street. 


In  1863  the  old  Hancock  House,  a  stone  building,  one  of  the  noblest 
private  mansions  of  the  colonial  period,  and  one  of  the  unique  features  of 
this  part  of  the  city,  was  removed.     It  stood  just  beyond  the  State  House, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  17 

on  Beacon  Street,  facing  the  Common.  Here  Hancock,  who  was  famous  as 
a  generous  host,  entertained  the  great  men  of  the  day  in  almost  princely 
style.  A  great  effort  was  made  to  preserve  this  old  landmark,  but  without 
avail,  although  the  house  was  in  excellent  preservation.  "  The  chamber  of 
Lafayette  remained  as  when  he  slept  in  it ;  the  apartment  in  which  Hancock 
died  was  intact ;  the  audience-hall  was  the  same  in  which  Washington, 
D'Estaing,  Brissot,  the  Percy,  and  many  more  had  stood ;  and  finally  the 
entrance-hall,  in  which  for  eight  days  the  dead  patriot  lay  in  state,  opened 
upon  the  broad  staircase  as  in  the  time  of  old  Thomas  and  Lydia  Hancock." 
We  quote  from  Drake.  Private  residences  now  occupy  the  site  of  the  house. 
In  1865  the  rejoicings  over  the  emancipation  proclamation  and  the  end 
of  the  war  were  sharply  turned  to  mourning  by  the  news  of  the  assassina- 
tion of  the  beloved  President  Lincoln.  Boston,  in  common  with  the  other 
large  cities  of  the  North,  gave  expression  to  the  universal  feeling  of  grief 
by  a  funeral  procession  of  vast  length.  The  history  of  Boston  since  the 
war  has  been  crowded  with  noteworthy  events,  at  which  the  limits  of  this 
sketch  allow  us  the  merest  glance.  In  1867  Gen.  Sheridan  paid  a  visit  to 
the  city.  In  the  same  year  Gov.  Andrew  died  suddenly  at  his  city  home. 
In  1868  Gen.  Grant  visited  the  city  for  the  first  time  since  the  war,  and 
was  received  with  warm  demonstrations  of  welcome.  The  ensuing  year  was 
marked  by  a  grand  event,  which  could  only  have  been  carried  out  by  the 
enterprise  of  a  city  like  Boston  combined  with  the  talent  of  a  man  like  P. 
S.  Gilmore,  —  the  National  Peace  Jubilee.  It  took  place  from  June  15  to  19 
in  the  huge  Coliseum,  temporarily  erected  for  the  purpose  between  the  Back 
Bay  and  the  South  End,  and  was  a  remarkable  success,  drawing  thou- 
sands of  visitors  from  all  sections  of  the  country,  and  exciting  the  most 
unrestrained  enthusiasm,  both  on  account  of  its  musical  features  and  of  its 
patriotic  tendency.  In  1870  Prince  Arthur  visited  Boston.  The  same  year 
the  city  was  called  upon  to  mourn  the  death  of  George  Peabody,  the  philan- 
thropist, and  of  the  Hon.  Anson  Burlingame,  whose  remains  lay  in  state  in 
Faneuil  Hall.  In  1871  the  old  building  standing  in  the  middle  of  Court 
Street,  near  Tremont  and  Cornhill,  known  as  Scollay's  Building,  was 
removed,  leaving  an  open  area,  now  called  Scollay  Square.  This  year 
the  Grand  Duke  Alexis  of  Russia  visited  the  city,  and  was  treated  to  a 
round  of  brilliant  gayeties.  The  year  1872  was  eventful.  .From  June  17  to 
July  7  the  second  grand  musical  festival  was  held,  and  was  attended  by  from 
30,000  to  100,000  people  daily.  It  also  was  held  in  a  temporary  Coliseum 
of  vast  size ;  and  special  national  musical  features  were  introduced  by 
bands  from  England,  France,  Germany,  and  other  countries.  Johann 
Strauss  led  the  orchestra  while  it  played  his  own  waltzes.  A  grand  ball 
was  given,  Gen.  Grant  being  present.  The  enterprise  was  regarded  as  a 
grand  success,  although  it  was  not  remunerative  to  the  shareholders.     Dur- 


1 8  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

# 

ing  the  following  autumn  came  the  epizootic  epidemic,  rendering  almost  all 
the  horses  useless  for  the  time  being,  and  causing  great  inconvenience. 

On  Nov.  9,  this  year,  at  7.15  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  Great  Boston 
Fire  broke  out.     The  flames  started  at  the  corner  of  Summer  and  Kingston 
Streets,  and  spread  with  terrible  speed.     In  spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  fire- 
men, the  flames  sped  north-east  and  north  into  the  very  heart  of  the  substan- 
tial business  district  of  the  city,  where  a  great  proportion  of  the  buildings 
were  of  solid  granite,  and  used  for  wholesale  business.     Aid  was  summoned 
from  the  suburban  and  even  from  distant  cities ;  and  special  trains  bearing 
fire-engines  came   hastening   into   the   panic-stricken   city  from    all   sides. 
Buildings  were  blown  up  in  the  hope  that  the  gaps  thus  left  would  not  be 
bridged    by    the    furious    on-sweeping    flames,    and    the  gas  was  cut  off, 
leaving  the  city  almost  in  darkness.     The  militia  went  on  duty  to  aid  the 
police  in  preventing  the  wholesale  lawlessness  that  threatened  to  add  to  the 
terrors  of  the  time.     When  the  fire  finally  stopped,  it  had  spread  over  65 
acres,  and  destroyed  about  $80,000,000  worth  of  property  and  many  lives, 
leaving   the    entire   district   bounded   by  Summer,  Washington,  Milk,  and 
Broad  Streets  a  smoking  chaos   of   ruins.     Boston  recovered  with  almost 
incredible  elasticity  and   pluck  from  this  terrible  blow;    and  the    "burnt 
district"  is  to-day  a  section  of   imposing  and  substantial  business  ware- 
houses, its  appearance  greatly  improved,  and  the  wealth  and  convenience 
of  this  part  of  the  city  thereby  increased.      In  1873  another  serious  fire 
destroyed  several  squares  of  buildings.      Subsequent  calamities  have  not 
been  infrequent.     Within  a  few  years  there  have  been  numbers  of   those 
startling  and  often  unaccountable  accidents  so  common  in  American  cities. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned  extensive  fires  in  1874,  1877,  and  1878;  the 
blowing  up  of  a  building  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  La  Grange 
Streets ;  the  explosion  under  the  sidewalk  near  the  Federal-street  Bridge  in 
South  Boston,  by  which  several  lives  were  lost;   and  the  explosion  of  Jen- 
ney's  oil  establishment  in  South  Boston.     The  burning  of  a  tenement-house 
on  Shawmut  Avenue,  in  which  several  of  the  unfortunate  occupants  lost  their 
lives  or  were  terribly  injured,  will  be  remembered  as  a  comparatively  recent 
occurrence.     So  also  has  Boston  of  late  years  had  an  unpleasant  notoriety 
from  a  peculiar  class  of  criminals :  notably  the  boy  Jesse  Pomeroy,  confined 
for  life  in  the  State  prison,  who  murdered  a  boy  and  a  girl,  and  tortured 
several  children,  making  himself  the  terror  of  the  neighborhood  in  which  he 
lived ;  and  Piper,  who  one  Sunday  afternoon  murdered  the  little  six-year-old 
girl,  Mabel  Young,  in  the  belfry  of  the  Warren-avenue  Baptist  Church,  of 
which  he  was  sexton.    According  to  his  confession  just  before  his  execution, 
May  26,  1876,  he  had  also  murdered  one  Bridget  Landregan,  whose  death  up 
to  that  time  had  been  a  mystery,  and  he  had  almost  fatally  assaulted  one  Mary 
Tyner  on  Oxford  Street.     The  Rev.  E.  D.  Winslow,  among  the  foremost  of 


i.  The  Clallin  Guards,  W.  B.  Scars,  Capt.     -J.   View  from  Washington  Street,     j.  The  Burnt  District 

THE    BOSTON    FIRE    OF    187?. 


20  KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 

the  long  line  of  prominent  and  trusted  men  of  Massachusetts  who  have 
fallen  from  their  high  places  to  the  level  of  the  criminal,  was  a  Boston 
business-man,  managing  two  daily  newspapers,  "The  Daily  News,"  now  out 
of  existence,  and  "The  Boston  Post,"  purchased  from  its  former  proprietors 
a  few  months  before  his  Might,  which  occurred  on  the  19th  of  January,  1876. 
He  had  committed  forgeries  for  very  large  amounts,  by  which  several  of  the 
most  prominent  banks  and  many  individuals  were  heavy  loseis.  Winslow 
was  captured  in  London  on  the  15th  of  February:  but  the  British  govern- 
ment refused  to  surrender  him  unless  the  United  States  should  guarantee 
that  he  should  not  be  tried  for  any  other  offence  than  that  set  forth  in  the 
extradition  papers.  After  long  and  .labored  discussion  by  representatives 
of  both  governments,  Winslow  was  released,  and  soon  left  London.  He 
was  next  heard  of  in  South  America;  and  has  since  flourished  in  Buenos 
Ayres,  reports  coming  to  his  former  friends  in  Boston  of  his  successful 
speculations  and  new  matrimonial  venture.  In  July,  1S7S,  the  so-called 
"  Tappan  irregularities  "  were  exposed,  creating  a  great  stir  for  a  while  in 
the  business  world.  John  G.  Tappan,  an  old  citizen,  a  leading  merchant  of 
long  standing,  was  the  treasurer  of  the  Boston  Belting  Company,  for  many 
years  a  most  successful  and  profitable  concern,  enjoying  a  large  income, 
especially  from  the  working  of  valuable  patents  in  its  possession.  The 
failure  of  this  company  was  suddenly  announced,  coupled  with  the  statement 
that  its  treasurer  had  wrecked  it  by  using  its  paper  and  credit  to  bolster  up 
his  own  individual  speculations,  which  had  been  steadily  losing.  Irregular 
paper  to  the  extent  of  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  had  been  given  out. 
Mr.  Tappan  made  over  to  the  company  all  the  property  he  possessed,  in 
real  estate  and  in  bonds  and  checks,  and  retired  from  his  position  disgraced 
and  ruined.  He  was  the  largest  of  the  stockholders,  and,  with  members  of 
his  family,  held  a  majority  interest.  Henry  F.  Durant,  the  founder  of 
Wellesley  College,  was  the  president  of  the  concern,  and  was  a  heavy  loser. 
Upon  the  surrender  of  the  stock  by  the  original  holders,  the  company  was 
re-organized,  and  was  soon  again  in  successful  operation. 

In  1S74  Charles  Sumner  died.  His  early  home  was  the  old-fashioned 
painted  brick  house,  of  generous  width,  now  standing  at  No.  20  Hancock 
Street.  It  was  purchased  by  his  father  in  1S30,  and  was  in  the  possession 
of  the  family  from  that  time  until  1S67.  when  it  was  sold  to  Judge  Thomas 
Russell,  collector  of  the  port  of  Boston,  afterward  minister  to  Venezuela,  and 
now  a  State  railroad  commissioner.  Sumner's  law-office  was  at  No.  4  Court 
Street,  at  the  corner  of  Washington.  Here  he  was  associated  for  twenty 
years,  beginning  in  1S34,  with  George  S.  Hillard.  In  the  building,  during 
the  time  of  his  occupancy,  were  the  offices  of  a  number  of  eminent  members 
of  the  Suffolk  bar;  among  them,  Theophilus  Parsons,  Rufus  Choate,  Horace 
Mann,  Edward  G.  Boring,  Peleg  W.  Chandler,  and,  later,  John  A.  Andrew. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


21 


The  Bunker-hill  centennial  celebration  is  something  extremely  agreeable 
in  the  recent  history  of  Boston.  Preceded  as  it  was  by  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord  on  the  19th  of  April,  1875, 
popular  enthusiasm  had  been  grad- 
ually increasing  for  weeks  before  the 
memorable  17th  of  June, —  the  date 
of  one  of  the  grandest  demonstra- 
tions ever  seen  in  this  or  any  other 
country.  The  city,  the  state,  and 
the  private  citizens  vied  with  each 
other  in  their  efforts  to  make  the 
event  a  glorious  success.  The  cele- 
bration was  begun  by  an  official 
reception  in  the  Music  Hall  on  the 
evening  of  June  16,  given  by  the  city 
to  its  guests,  many  of  whom  were 
from  the  South.  The  affair  was 
made  memorable  especially  by  the 
spontaneous  expressions  of  good- 
will and  of  a  desire  for  reconcilia- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  late  Confed- 
erates who  participated ;  and  a  tone 
of    lofty  and    heart-felt    patriotism 

pervaded  the  meeting.  The  hall  was  brilliantly  decorated,  and  hundreds 
of  distinguished  guests  were  present,  besides  military  bodies  from  South 
Carolina,  Virginia,  Maryland,  New  York,  and  many  other  States.  The 
speaking  was  by  Mayor  Cobb,  Gov.  Gaston,  Col.  A.  O.  Andrews  of  South 
Carolina,  Gen.  Fitz-Hugh  Lee  of  Virginia,  Gen.  Judson  C.  Kilpatrick,  Gen. 
W.  T.  Sherman,  Gen.  A.  E.  Burnside,  and  Vice-President  Wilson.  The 
enthusiasm  cannot  be  described,  and  was  entirely  unusual  in  its  character. 
The  next  morning  the  city  woke  up  to  find  its  streets  filled  with  vast 
crowds  of  visitors ;  flags  floated  from  almost  every  building,  the  streets 
were  gay  with  banners,  and  the  entire  town  was  in  gala  array.  After  a 
military  review  in  the  morning,  the  great  procession  started  on  its  long 
march  at  1.15  p.m.,  under  Chief-Marshal  Gen.  Francis  A.  Osborn.  The  pro- 
cession included  the  whole  militia  force  of  Massachusetts ;  regiments  from 
New  York,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  Providence ;  companies  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Virginia,  Washington,  New  York,  South 
Carolina,  and  New  Hampshire ;  hundreds  of  governors,  generals,  and  dis- 
tinguished guests  from  all  parts  of  the  country ;  civic  associations,  secret 
societies,  veteran  bodies,  benevolent  and  temperance  societies,  and  a  trades 
division  in  which  were  421  vehicles  drawn  by  1,587  horses.     The  number  of 


Sumner's  House,  Hancock  Street. 


22  KING'S    HANDBOOK-   OP   BOSTON. 

men  marching  in  the  parade  has  never  been  approximately  estimated,  but 
may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the  time  occupied  by  the  procession  in 
passing  a  given  point  (all  delays  being  deducted)  was  three  hours  and  fifty 
minutes.  The  railroads  alone  brought  140,000  people  into  the  city  on  that 
day.  Exercises  at  the  Bunker-hill  Monument  in  the  afternoon  were  pre- 
sided over  by  Judge  G.  W.  Warren ;  and  the  oration  was  delivered  by  Gen. 
Charles  Devens,  jun. 

On  March  17,  following  this  memorable  celebration,  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British  was  observed  in  a 
somewhat  elaborate  fashion.  Historic  points  and  buildings  were  noted  and 
decorated,  speeches  were  made  in  the  Old  South  Church,  and  an  oration  was 
delivered  in  Music  Hall. 

Jan.  25,  1877,  the  Moody  and  Sankey  Tabernacle,  a  large  brick  building, 
well  constructed,  though  built  for  a  temporary  purpose,  and  capable  of  seat- 
ing 6,000  persons,  situated  at  the  junction  of  Tremont  Street  and  Warren 
Avenue,  was  dedicated ;  and  on  the  28th  began  the  season  of  daily  revival 
meetings  that  continued  without  interruption  until  May  27.  Dwight  L. 
Moody  preached  and  held  prayer-meetings  daily,  both  afternoon  and  even- 
ing, with  few  exceptions ;  and  Ira  D.  Sankey  sang,  supported  by  a  vast 
choir  under  the  direction  of  Eben  Tourjee.  Great  crowds  were  attracted, 
not  only  from  the  city,  but  from  the  surrounding  country,  excursion  trains 
running  on  the  railroads.  The  meetings  created  a  profound  sensation.  On 
March  9  of  this  year  there  was  one  of  the  severest  gales  ever  known  in  this 
vicinity.  The  velocity  of  the  wind  was  seventy-two.  miles  an  hour.  The 
storm  area  was  of  great  extent,  striking  the  whole  Atlantic  seaboard,  and 
extending  west  beyond  the  Mississippi.  On  the  evening  of  April  9  the 
social  event  of  the  season  occurred,  —  the  Old  South  Ball,  in  aid  of  the  pre- 
servation fund,  which  was  given  in  Music  Hall.  June  26-27  President 
Hayes,  with  Evarts,  Sherman,  Key,  and  Devens,  of  his  Cabinet,  visited  the 
city.  There  was  a  procession  and  review  in  their  honor,  and  a  civic  banquet 
at  the  Hotel  Brunswick.  The  President  attended  Commencement  at  Har- 
vard, and  the  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him.  A  few  days  previous 
to  the  visit  of  the  President,  a  delegation  of  ladies  of  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  headed  by  Mrs.  M.  A.  Livermore,  presented  a  memorial 
to  Mayor  Prince  praying  for  the  banishment  of  liquor  from  the  forthcoming 
city  dinner  to  the  Presidential  party.  There  was  a  free  interchange  of 
views,  Mayor  Prince  earnestly  debating  the  question  with  Mrs.  Livermore. 
Liquor,  however,  was  not  banished  from  the  festive  board.  On  Sept.  17, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of  the  Army  and  Navy  Monument,  there 
was  a  great  procession,  the  military  feature  being  the  most  conspicuous. 
The  entire  militia  of  the  State  was  in  line,  the  principal  posts  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  and  many  distinguished  veterans  of  the  war  of  the 


KING  'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  2$ 

Rebellion.  There  was  also  a  large  representation  of  civic  organizations,  and 
children  of  the  public  schools.  Gen.  Devens  was  the  orator  of  the  day. 
On  Sept.  19  Gen.  McClellan  was  given  a  reception  in  Faneuil  Hall. 

The  first  place  of  business  in  this  country  to  make  use  of  the  electric 
light  was  the  Continental  Clothing  House,  at  the  south-west  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Harvard  Streets  ;  the  proprietors,  Freeland,  Loomis,  &  Co.,  suc- 
cessfully making  the  experiment  Nov.  14,  1878.  In  1881  the  light  was 
introduced  in  illuminating  Scollay  Square  and  a  section  of  Court  Street  at 
night;  and  it  was  also  employed  in  a  number  of  hotels,  shops,  and  large 
establishments.  Its  general  introduction  in  the  street-lighting  of  the  city 
has  since  been  carried  forward. 

An  impressive  ceremony  took  place  on  the  28th  of  May,  1879,  when  the 
funeral  rites  of  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  one  of  Boston's  most  illustrious 
citizens,  were  performed.  The  services  took  place  in  the  church  in  Eliot 
Square,  Roxbury  district,  and  comprised  an  eloquent  oration  by  Wendell 
Phillips,  and  addresses  by  Lucy  Stone,  Theodore  D.  Weld,  and  the  Revs. 
Samuel  May  and  Samuel  Johnson.  A  fitting  poetical  tribute  was  paid  by 
John  G.  Whittier,  and  music  was  appropriately  furnished  by  a  quartet  of 
colored  people. 

On  the  third  day  of  December,  1S79,  a  notable  gathering  took  place  at 
the  Hotel  Brunswick.  It  was  a  "breakfast"  given  by  the  proprietors  of 
"The  Atlantic  Monthly"  in  honor  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  who  a  short 
time  previous,  Aug.  29,  had  attained  his  seventieth  birthday.  The  gather- 
ing included  many  of  the  representative  literary  men  and  women  of  this 
country.  The  seventieth  birthday  of  Whittier  was  celebrated  in  a  similar 
way  two  years  before. 

Anniversary  celebrations  of  important  dates  are  numerous,  and  no  peo- 
ple take  greater  pride  in  recalling  noteworthy  events  and  illustrious  people 
than  do  the  Bostonians.  It  was  peculiarly  fitting,  therefore,  that  the  citizens 
should  enthusiastically  celebrate  the  250th  anniversary  of  the  settlement  of 
their  own  famous  city.  Accordingly  on  Sept.  17,  1880,  after  several  months' 
preparation,  a  celebration  took  place  that  will  be  vividly  remembered  for 
many  years.  The  day  was  "one  of  the  most  favorable  that  Providence 
ever  granted  for  an  out-door  display, — one  of  the  pearls  of  our  New- 
England  climate."  From  early  in  the  morning  till  past  midnight  the  city 
was  all  aglow ;  a  new  statue  of  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  its  founder,  erected 
in  Scollay  Square,  was  unveiled;  there  were  exercises  in  the  Old  South 
Church,  including  an  historical  oration  by  Mayor  Prince;  a  civic,  military, 
and  trades  procession  ;  and  an  evening  procession  with  illuminated  tableaux. 
Here  as  well  as  elsewhere,  appropriate  services  took  place  on  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary,  June  27,  1880,  of  the  establishment  of  Sunday  schools, 
and  the  five  hundredth  of  the  translation  of  the  Bible  into  the  English  lan- 
guage. 


24  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

In  October,  1882,  President  Arthur  visited  Boston,  and  was  escorted 
through  the  streets  by  the  splendidly  disciplined  brigades  and  batteries  of 
the  State  militia,  after  which  he  held  a  great  reception  at  the  Hotel  Bruns- 
wick, in  the  evening,  and  was  introduced  to  thousands  of  citizens.  Gov. 
Long,  Mayor  Green,  and  several  cabinet  officers,  were  present. 

Of  old  Boston,  a  hundred  years  ago,  the  following  pleasing  sketch  -is 
condensed  from  the  address  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  George  E.  Ellis,  on  the  occasion 
of  the  celebration  of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  evacuation  of  Boston 
by  the  British  :  " '  Well-to-do,'  'fore-handed,'  were  the  local  phrases  by  which 
the  general  condition  of  the  people  would  have  been  described.  There  was 
real  wealth,  too,  in  the  hands  of  some,  with  complacency,  luxury,  and  dis- 
play. There  were  stately  and  substantial  dwellings,  with  rich  and  solid  fur- 
nishings for  parlor,  dining-room,  hall,  and  chamber,  with  plate  and  tapestry, 
brocades  and  laces.  There  were  portraits,  by  foreign  and  resident  artists, 
of  those  who  were  ancestors,  and  those  who"  meant  to  be  ancestors.  There 
were  formal  costumes  and  manners  for  the  gentry,  with  parade  and  etiquette, 
a  self-respecting  decorum  in  intercourse  with  their  own  and  other  classes, 
warm  hospitality,  good  appetites,  and  abundant  viands,  liquid  and  solid,  for 
all.  The  buildings  were  detached,  none  of  them  in  blocks.  The  homes 
of  many  of  the  merchant-princes  and  high  magistrates  were  relatively  more 
palatial  than  are  any  in  the  city  to-day.  They  stood  conspicuous  and  large, 
surrounded  by  generous  spaces,  with  lawns  and  trees,  with  fruit  and  vege- 
table gardens,  and  fields  for  pasture,  and  coach  and  cattle  barns.  There 
were  fine  equipages,  with  black  coachmen  and  footmen.  There  were  still 
wide  unfenced  spaces,  and  declivities  and  thickets,  where  the  barberry-bush, 
the  flag,  and  the  mullein-stalk  grew  undisturbed.  There  were  many  quaint 
old  nooks  and  corners,  taverns  and  inns,  '  coffee-houses,'  —  the  drinking- 
vessels  in  which  were  not  especially  adapted  to  that  beverage,  —  shops 
designated  by  emblems  and  symbols,  loiterihg-places  for  news  and  gossip, 
resorts  of  boys  and  negroes  for  play  or  roguery,  and  some  dark  holes  on 
wharf  or  lane.  .  .  .  There  were  some  two  thousand  buildings,  four  being  of 
stone,  of  which  King's  Chapel  alone  remains.  Between  Beacon  and  the 
foot  of  Park  Street  stood  the  workhouse,  the  poorhouse,  and  the  Bride- 
well,—  all  facing  the  Common.  On  the  site  of  the  Park-street  Church 
stood  the  Granary;  opposite,  a  large  manufactory  building,  used  by  the 
British  for  a  hospital.  The  jail  occupied  the  site  of  the  present  Court- 
house. King  and  Queen,  now  State  and  Court  Streets,  were  the  most 
compactly  covered,  and  lined  with  taverns,  dwellings,  marts,  and  offices  of 
exchange.  The  house  provided  by  the  Province  for  the  British  governor 
was  opposite  the  Old  South,  standing  far  back,  stately,  commodious,  with 
trees  and'  lawn  up  to  Washington  Street.  The  Old  State  House,  with  a 
dignity  which  it  has  not  now,  held  the  halls  of  the  council  and  the  repre- 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  25 

sentatives,  with  royal  portraits  and  adornings.  How  little  is  there  here  now 
which  the  patriots  and  citizens  of  the  old  days,  if  they  came  back,  would 
recognize ! " 

Such  was  Boston  a  hundred  years  ago.  A  great,  far-reaching,  imposing 
modern  city  has  taken  the  place  of  the  bustling,  quaint,  picturesque  town  of 
that  day.  Even  during  the  past  half-century  Boston  has  changed  marvel- 
lously in  appearance,  customs,  and  manners.  Few  of  the  historic  old  land- 
marks remain,  and  these  few  are  evidently  doomed  soon  to  disappear  before 
the  onward  march  of  the  utilitarian.  It  has  lost  much  of  its  homely  quaint- 
ness ;  but  with  this  loss  it  has  gained  greatly  in  other  directions.  To  the 
older  citizen  much  of  its  charm  has  gone  forever,  and  in  many  parts  it  has 
to  him  an  unfamiliar  look.  Its  odd  old  streets,  so  incomprehensible  to'the 
stranger,  have  been  untwisted  and  untangled,  widened  and  straightened, 
and  cut  away,  and  their  peculiar  characteristics  almost  entirely  effaced.  A 
new  and  modern  architecture  in  its  buildings  has  largely  superseded  the 
old,  and  radical  changes  have  been  made  in  every  direction.  Picturesque 
and  attractive  in  many  ways  as  was  old  Boston,  the  new  Boston,  with  its 
wealth  of  magnificent  buildings  in  the  busy,  bustling  "down-town"  section, 
its  rows  of  elegant  and  costly  residences  in  the  Back  Bay  and  other  dis- 
tricts, its  countless  refined  homes,  its  artistic  adornments,  and  its  many 
stately  structures,  public  and  private,  is  a  most  attractive  modern  city, 
frankly  accorded  to  be  —  even  by  those  of  other  places  proud  of  their  own 
cities  —  the  finest- in  the  country.  The  Boston  of  to-day  is  a  city  well  fin- 
ished and  well  furnished,  richly,  and  to  a  large  degree  tastefully,  adorned  ; 
but  the  work  of  improvement  and  change  is  perceptibly  going  on. 

Up  to  the  beginning  of  the  last  half-century  the  territorial  area  and  aspect 
of  the  city  had  changed  but  little.  It  was  then  a  pear-shaped  peninsula,  in 
its  extreme  length  less  than  two  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth  a  little  more 
than  one.  "It  hung  to  the  mainland  at  Roxbury,"  says  one  writer,  "by  a 
slender  stem,  or  neck,  of  a  mile  in  length,  so  low  and  narrow  between  tide- 
washed  flats  that  it  was  often  submerged."  But  now  the  original  783  acres 
of  solid  land  have  become  1,829.  The  broad,  oozy  salt-marshes,  the  estu- 
aries, coverts,  and  bays,  once  stretching  wide  on  its  northern  and  southern 
bounds,  have  been  reclaimed ;  and  where  then  the  area  was  the  narrowest, 
it  is  now  the  widest.  The  hills  have  been  cut  down,  —  one,  Fort  Hill, 
entirely  removed ;  the  whole  surface  of  the  original  ground  has  been  levelled 
and  graded,  and  every  square  inch  turned  over  and  over ;  new  territory  has 
been  added  by  annexing  adjoining  suburban  cities  and  towns,  until  now  the 
area  of  the  city,  with  all  its  districts,  is  23,661  acres  (36T7g  square  miles), 
more  than  thirty  times  as  great  as  the  original  area.  The  area  of  the  dis- 
tricts is  as  follows  :  South  Boston,  1,002  acres;  East  Boston,  836;  Roxbury, 
2,700;  Dorchester,  5,614;  West  Roxbury,  7,848;  Brighton,  2,277;  Charles- 
town,  586;  Breed's  Island,  785;  Deer  Island,  184. 


26  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

From  1800  to  1880,  when  the  last  census  was  taken,  the  population 
increased  from  25,000  to  362,839;  the  number  of  polls  during  the  same 
period,  from  4,543  to  93,820;  the  total  valuation,  from  $15,095,700  to  $639,- 
462,495;  the  tax  levy,  of  less  than  $80,000  to  $9,913,951.13.  The  city  debt 
is  heavy,  but  with  its  present  means  and  accumulations  the  city  can  pay  at 
maturity  all  its  indebtedness.  The  total  debt  of  all  descriptions  Dec.  31, 
1882,  when  the  last  statement  was  made,  was  $41,105,577.88,  against  $40,018,- 
598.02  the  year  preceding.  This  debt  is  classified  as  follows  :  city  debt 
proper,  about  $26,000,000;  Cochituate-water  loans,  $11,955,273.98;  war  debt 
(loans  outstanding),  $1,600,000;  Roxbury  debt  (loans  outstanding),  $120,000; 
Charlestown  debt  (loans  outstanding),  $1,000,000;  Charlestown  Mystic-water 
debt  (loans  outstanding),  $1,027,000;  West-Roxbury  debt  (loans  outstand- 
ing), $250,000.  The  sinking-funds,  etc.,  pledged  to  meet  the  debt  amount 
to  $16,724,552.86.  The  net  increase  to  the  debt  in  the  year  1882  was 
$132,978.42;  although  loans  to  the  amount  of  $3,300,000,  which  had  been 
authorized,  were  not  issued.  The  appropriation  bill  exceeds  $10,000,000 
yearly.  In  1882  the  valuation  of  the  city  was  $672,490,100;  and  the  valu- 
ation per  capita,  $1,853.41,  with  a  debtor  capita  of  $113.28.  The  debt  has 
increased  more  than  twice  as  fast  as  the  taxable  property.  Roxbury's  valu- 
ation when  annexed  to  Boston,  in  1867,  was  $26,551,700;  Dorchester's 
when  annexed,  in  1869,  was  $20,315,700;  Charlestown's  when  annexed,  in 
1873,  $35,289,682;  West  Roxbury's,  when  annexed,  same  year,  $22,148,600; 
and  Brighton's  when  annexed,,  same  year,  $14,548,531.  Within  twelve 
miles  of  the  City  Hall,  there  is  a  population  of  about  625,000.  The  com- 
parison of  the  population  of  Boston  and  its  suburbs,  five  cities  and  fifteen 
towns,  shows  a  population,  in  1880,  of  571,258,  —  a  gain  of  42,180  since  the 
State  census  of  1875,  and  an  increase  of  126,203  as  compared  with  the 
United-States  census  of  1870.  More  than  one-half  of  the  increase  during 
the  past  ten  years  has  been  within  the  present  limits  of  this  city.  The 
population  of  Boston  at  the  present  time  is  estimated  to  be  above  400,000. 
Of  Boston  of  the  present  day,  beyond  the  brief  glimpse  given  in  this 
opening  chapter,  the  following  pages  will  be  found  to  present,  we  trust,  an 
interesting  picture. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  27 


E\)t  Arteries  of  tjje  Citjj. 

THE   STREETS,    WAYS,    DRIVES,    BRIDGES,    SEWERS,    AND 
HORSE-RAILROADS. 

MANY  streets  in  old  Boston  had  been  named  for  London  streets,  and 
ways  and  places  in  other  parts  of  old  England ;  but  after  the  Revolu- 
tion the  citizens  made  haste  to  change  the  most  obnoxious  of  these  names 
for  others  of  a  more  republican  flavor.  Thus  King  Street  was  promptly- 
changed  to  State  Street,  and  Queen  to  Court.  Richmond  Street  before  1 708 
was  called  Beer  Lane,  from  Beer  Lane  in  London;  and  Salem  Street  prior  to 
the  same  date  was  called  Back  Street.  The  name  of  Hanover  Street  was 
not  changed,  though  a  "perpetual  reminder  of  a  detested  house;"  and  until 
1854  the  tough  old  street  now  North  was  called  Ann,  in  honor  of  Queen  Anne. 
The  portion  of  Congress  Street  south  of  Milk  Street  before  1855  was  Atkin- 
son Street,  named  from  the  ancient  Atkinson  family,  who  came  from  Lan- 
cashire. Federal  Street  before  1788  was  Long  Lane.  Dock  Square  was  so 
named  because  it  was  "  the  place  around  the  dock."  Milk  and  Cornhill  were 
named  from  streets  of  the  same  names  in  London ;  and  in  both  the  old  and 
the  present  Cornhill,  for  years  was  the  headquarters  of  the  book-trade. 
Franklin  Avenue,  the  narrow  way  which  now  runs  from  Cornhill  to  Court, 
was  so  named  for  the  reason  that  in  a  printing-office  standing  at' the  Court- 
street  corner  Franklin  served  his  apprenticeship.  Hawley  Street  was  for- 
merly Bishop's  Alley,  and  afterwards,  until  1792,  Broad  Alley.  Boylston 
Street  was  anciently  Frog  Lane ;  and  Devonshire  Street  was,  up  to  the  close 
of  the  Revolution,  Pudding  Lane,  from  the  street  of  the  same  name  in  Lon- 
don. Bowdoin  Street  and  Square  were  named  for  the  governor.  Bowdoin 
Square  was  the  seat  of  many  elegant  old-time  estates,  with  broad  acres, 
gardens,  and  noble  trees.  Chardon  Street  was  named  for  Peter  Chardon,  an 
eminent  merchant,  one  of  the  Huguenot  descendants,  who  lived  on  the  cor- 
ner where  the  Bowdoin-square  Church  now  stands.  Leverett  Street  is  from 
the  famous  old  Governor  John.  Causeway  Street  was  named  for  the  old 
causeway  built  on  substantially  its  present  line,  and  which  made  a  pond  of 
many  acres  between  Prince  and  Pitts  Streets.  The  first  block  of  brick 
buildings  erected  in  the  town  was  built  as  late  as  1793,  in  what  is  now  Frank- 
lin Street.  Broad  Street  was  laid  out  in  1806,  at  the  generous  width  of 
seventy  feet;  and  India  Street  was  opened  the  year  following.  Blackstone 
Street,  named  after  the  first  settler  of  Boston,  was  opened  about  1834,  and 


28  KING'S    HAND  BOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

was  built  upon  the  bed  of  the  old  Middlesex  Canal,  by  which  boats  came 
down  from  Chelmsford  on  the  Merrimack  to  the  wharves  on  the  east  side 
of  Boston.    Harrison  Avenue  was  opened  in  1841,  and  was  named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Harrison.     Beacon  Street  was  named,  of  course,  for  Beacon  Hill ;  and 
when  the  name  was  confirmed  by  the  town,  the  street  extended  only  to  the 
present  State-house  grounds.     The  street,  now  one  of  the  most  "  toney  "  in 
the  city,  was  first  called  "  the  lane  to  the  almshouse  ! "     Province  Court  and 
Street,  from  School  to  Bromfield,  in  the  rear  of  Washington,  were  originally 
avenues  to  the  stables  and  the  rear  grounds  of  the  old  Province  House,  the 
ancient  abode  of  the  royal  governors,  and  one  of  the  last  relics  of  the  colony 
to  disappear.    Hence  their  names.    The  stately  building  fronted  on  that  part 
of  Washington  Street  formerly  known  as   Marlborough,  nearly  opposite  the 
head  of  Milk   Street,  with  a  handsome  lawn  in  front  ornamented  by  two 
stately  oaks.     From  the  balcony  over  the  generous  entrance,  the  viceroys  of 
the  province  were  accustomed  to  harangue  the  people,  or  read  proclamations. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  State  Constitution  it  became  a  government  house, 
and  was  for  a  while  the  official  residence  of  the  governors.     Later  it  was 
sold,  converted  to  the  uses  of   trade,  and  fell  from  its  proud  position  in 
colonial  times,  dropping  lower  and  lower  in  the  social  scale,  becoming  a 
tavern,  and  last  a  hall  of  negro  minstrelsy.      It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
October,  1864.     The   Province   House  formed  the  theme  of  one  of  Haw- 
thorne's weird  and  fascinating  fancies  in  his  "  Twice -Told  Tales." 

The  streets  of  the  business  portion  of  Boston,  which  embraces  almost  all 
of  old  Boston,  have  long  been  pronounced  a  hopeless  tangle  by  those  un- 
familiar with-  their  tortuous   courses,  and  their  tendency  to  run  into  and 
across  each  other;    but  in  consequence  of   much  changing,  widening,  and 
straightening,  at  a  heavy  expense  to  the  city,  many  of  the  crooked  ways  have 
been  made  comparatively  straight,  though  it  must  be  confessed  that  many 
yet  remain  greatly  to  perplex  the  stranger,  and  even  the  born  Bostonian  in  his 
endeavor  to  direct  a  bewildered  inquirer.     But  these  very  crooked  and  twist- 
ing streets  are  one  of  the  peculiar  charms  of  Boston,  and  add   much   to 
its  picturesque   appearance.      The   new  streets   are   spacious,  direct,  and 
straightforward  enough  to  suit  even  the  square-cut  Philadelphian.    Wash- 
ington Street,  first  called  Broadway,  then  Broad  Street,  and  often  simply  the 
Way,  has  always  been  one  of  the  main  thoroughfares.     At  first  it  extended 
from  near  Dover  Street  to  the  Roxbury  line;  but  in  1824  the  names  of  the 
down-town  twists  of  the  present  street,  up  to  that  time  known  as  Cornhill, 
Marlborough,-  Newbury,  and  Orange,  were  all  changed  to  Washington.     In 
1873-4,  at  a   cost  of   over  $1,500,000,  it  was  extended   farther   down   to 
Haymarket  Square,  whence  it  now  runs  to  the  Highlands,  as  the  former 
city  of  Roxbury,  now  a  part  of  Boston,  is  popularly  called.     Tremont,  one 
of  the  principal  retail  streets,  is  of  course  a  contraction  of  Trimountaine. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  29 

In  1805  there  was  but  one  brick  house  on  this  street.  Winter  Street, 
formerly  Bolt's  Lane,  is  familiarly  called  the  "  Ladies'  Street,"  because 
the  stores  upon  it  are  exclusively  for  ladies'  trade,  and  crowds  of  ladies 
throng  it  pleasant  clays.  Other  principal  retail  streets  are  Temple  Place; 
West  Street;  Tremont  Row,  which  forms  one  side  of  Court  Street  north 
of  Pemberton  Square ;  and  Hanover  Street,  which  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago  was  the  leading  retail  street.  State  Street,  flanked  with  granite  build- 
ings, is  the  principal  financial  street.  The  leather  trade  is  chiefly  centred, 
as  before  the  great  fire  of  1872,  in  Pearl,  Congress,  Summer,  High,  and 
neighboring  streets;  the  cotton  and  wool  houses  are  in  the  same  section 
of  the  city;  the  wholesale  dry -goods  jobbing-houses  are  on  Franklin,  Sum- 
mer, Arch,  and  near-by  streets;  Broad  and  India  are  notable  wholesale 
streets;  and  the  shipping  interests,  with  the  corn  and  grain  trade,  are 
found  largely  represented  on  Commercial  and  the  streets  in  its  immediate 
vicinity,  where  are  long  blocks  of  massive  granite  warehouses.  Running 
parallel  with  Washington  Street,  up  town,  are  Harrison  Avenue  and  Albany 
Street  on  the  east;  and  Shawmut  Avenue,  Tremont  Street,  Columbus  Av- 
enue, and  Huntington  Avenue,  on  the  west.  One  of  the  most  fashionable 
carriage-drives  is  through  Beacon  Street,  over  Beacon  Hill,  along  by  the 
Common,  Public  Garden,  and  a  continuous  line  of  elegant  residences,  and 
out  through  Commonwealth  Avenue  or  Beacon  Street,  or  the  Mill  Dam  as 
the  latter  is  more  commonly  called,  to  Longwood  and  Brooklinc,  attractive 
suburbs;  the  former  being  not  unlike  a  scene  from  old  English  country 
life.  The  Mill  Dam,  when  established,  was  considered  an  enterprise  of 
great  magnitude.  The  dam  extends  across  the  western  bay,  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  length,  and  seventy  feet  in  width.  It  originally  enclosed 
about  six  hundred  acres  of  flats,  over  which  the  tide  flowed  from  seven  to 
ten  feet  deep.  A  partition  dam  divided  this  enclosure,  and  formed,  by  the 
aid  of  flood  and  ebb  gates,  a  fall  and  a  receiving  basin,  thereby  exerting  a 
vast  hydraulic  power  for  the  propulsion  of  machinery.  This  cross-dam 
also  formed  a  fine  avenue  from  the  Mill  Dam  to  Roxbury.  The  Mill  Dam 
begun  in  1S1S,  completed  in  1821,  at  a  cost  of  $700,000,  was  until  recently 
used  as  a  popular  mile-track  for  speeding  horses,  and  in  the  sleighing- 
season  the  scenes  presented  were  animating  and  enlivening  in  the  extreme. 
The  roadway  continues  into  the  famous  Brighton  Road,  familiar  to  all 
"horsemen,"  to  which  locality  the  racing  has  been  more  recently  transferred. 
Running  from  Arlington  Street,  the  western  border  of  the  Public  Garden, 
and  parallel  with  Beacon  Street,  are  Commonwealth  Avenue,  Newbury, 
Marlborough,  and  Boylston  Streets.  Parallel  with  Arlington  Street  are 
Berkeley,  Clarendon,  Dartmouth,  Exeter,  Fairfield,  Gloucester,  and  Here- 
ford, ingeniously  named,  it  will  be  observed,  according  to  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet,  and  a  trisyllabic  alternating  with  a  dissyllabic  word.     This  is  the 


3° 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


grand  Back-bay  section,  the  fashionable  modern  West  End  of  Boston. 
These  broad  and  handsome  streets  are  lined  with  imposing  and  stately 
private  and  public  edifices,  the  architectural  designs  of  which,  in  many 
cases,  are  most  ambitious  and  elaborate,  rendering  this  part  of  the  city 
justly  famous.  Indeed,  its  refined  elegance  is  always  remarked  with  genu- 
ine enthusiasm  by  visitors  ;  for  no  other  city  in  this  country,  nor  possiblv 
in  any  other,  displays,  in  a  like  space  of  territory,  so  much  solid  wealth,  and 
so  many  superb  structures,  public  and  private,  as  are  here  spread  before  the 
eye.  The  educated  and  thoroughly  trained  architect  has  here  had  full  swin^, 
with  money,  and  men  of  artistic  sense,  behind  him.  Bostonians  are  proud 
of  this  section  of  their  city  ;  and   their  pride   is  surely  pardonable.     This 


Arlington  Street,  opposite  the   Public  Garden. 

Back-bay  territory  is  made-land,  over  flats  which  were  originally  the  property 
of  the  Commonwealth,  by  whom  the  filling-in  was  largely  done,  at  a  cost  of 
less  than  $1,750,000;  and  thus  far  the  State  treasury  has  received  over 
$4,625,000  by  the  sale  of  these  lands,  and  something  more  than  250.000  teet 
are  yet  unsold.  The  Boston  Water-Power  Company,  a  private  corporation, 
also  filled  in  man}-  thousand  feet  in  this  section,  realizing  handsomely  for  it. 
The  contractor  for  tilling  in  and  making  salable  this  whole  section  was 
Norman  C.  Munson,  who  began  and  carried  on  the  work  in  spite  of  bitter 
opposition,  and  under  very  many  discouraging  circumstances.  He  de- 
rived as  his  payment  for  the  first  work  on  the  Back  Bay  260,000 
square  feet  of  the   upwards   oL   a   million   square   feet  of  the   land   he    had 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


31 


redeemed  from  unsightly  flats,  salt  marshes,  and  dreary  waste  of  water; 
and  by  continuous  contracts  extending  over  a  period  of  twenty  years  he 
ultimately  received  about  seven  million  dollars  for  his  work  on  the  Back- 
bay  District.  For  forty  years  Mr.  Munson  has  been  a  bold  railroad  con- 
tractor; his  last  task  being  the  Massachusetts  Central  Railroad. 

Commonwealth  Avenue  is  destined  to  become  one  of  the  famous  boule- 
vards of  the  world.  It  begins  on  the  Arlington-street  side  of  the  Public 
Garden,  and  enters  the  new  Back-bay  Park.  Its  width  is  250  feet  from 
house  to  house,  175  feet  from  curb  to  curb;  and  throughout  its  length, 
of  upwards  of  a  mile  and  a  half,  there  is  in  the  centre  a  mall  or  park, 
along  which  are  rows  of  ornamental  trees,  prettily-laid-out  paths,  benches, 
and  several  statues.  The  strip  of  park  was  first  enclosed  with  an  iron 
railing;  but  in  1880  and  1881  it  was  removed,  and  as  a  result  the  avenue 
is  much  more  picturesque.  On  Commonwealth  Avenue,  at  the  corner 
of  Dartmouth  Street,  was  built  in  1880  Col.  Wolcott's  palatial  hotel,  the 
Vendome.  On  the  avenue  are  the  statues  of  Alexander  Hamilton  and 
Gen.  John  Glover;  and  the  First  Baptist  Church,  with  its  finely  sculptured 
tower.  Both  sides  of  the  avenue  are  lined  with  costly  and  architecturally 
beautiful  residences,  so  that  looking  up  or  down  by  day,  when  the  stately 
lines  of  buildings  and  several  rows  of  trees  can  be  seen  for  a  distance 
of  a  mile  or  more,  or  by  night  when  the  avenue  is  lighted  by  four 
continuous  rows  of  gas-lamps,  you  will  see  one  of  the  most  attractive 
thoroughfares  in  this  country  or  in  Europe.  Work  on  the  extension  of 
the  avenue,  through  the  growing  Back-bay  Park  to  Brookline  Avenue,  is 
now  progressing.  Work  has  been  begun  on  the  construction  of  a  hand- 
some bridge  on  the  extension  over  the  park  water-way.  Huntington  Ave- 
nue, too,  in  the  newer  portion  of  Back-bay  District,  is  destined  to  be  one 
of  the  principal  ways,  and  is  to  be  adorned  according  to  generous  and 
attractive  plans.  On  this  avenue  were  erected  in  1881  the  extensive  per- 
manent exhibition  buildings  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanics' 
and  the  New-England  Manufacturers'  and  Mechanics'  Associations. 

"West.Chester  Park"  is  not  a  park,  but  a  street,  ninety  feet  wide,  which 
crosses  Commonwealth  Avenue,  five  blocks  west  of  the  Hotel  Vendome. 
It  was  laid  out  in  1873,  and  is  a  pleasant  street,  with  as  yet  only  a  few 
houses  on  the  part  that  runs  through  the  new-made  land  of  the  Back  Bay. 
It  begins  at  Charles  River,  and,  varying  its  direction  at  Falmouth  Street, 
runs  across  the  city.  Between  Tremont  Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue  it 
broadens  into  Chester  Square,  a  modest  park  of  one  and  a  third  acres. 
East  of  Washington  Street  it  is  called  Chester  Park.  From  West  Chester 
Park  a  bridge  is  to  be  built  to  Cambridge,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  old  Fort 
Washington,  on  Putnam  Avenue.  This  will  afford  a  direct  and  very  pleasant 
route  between  Harvard  College  and  Boston.     At  the  "  South  End,"  Chester 


32 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  33 

Park  and  Union  Park  are  fine  residence  streets;  and  likewise,  besides  many 
others,  are  Newton,  Rutland,  Concord,  and  Worcester  Streets,  which  open 
upon  beautiful  squares. 

One  of  the  most  extensive  and  noteworthy  street  improvements  was  the 
laying  out  of  Atlantic  Avenue,  at  a  cost  of  $2,404,078.  This  is  a  broad  and 
spacious  thoroughfare,  one  hundred  feet  wide,  along  the  harbor  line,  at  the 
head  of  the  principal  wharves,  running  from  the  junction  of  Commercial 
Street  and  Eastern  Avenue  to  Federal  Street.  The  total  cost  of  the  Fort- 
Hill  improvement — the  levelling  of  the  hill  and  the  laying-out  of  streets  — 
was  $1,575,000. 

In  South  Boston  the  street-system  is  quite  regular.  Dorchester  Avenue 
runs  directly  south  from  Federal  Street  in  the  city  proper,  through  Dorches- 
ter, to  Milton  Lower  Mills.  -Broadway  runs  centrally  through  the  territory 
to  City  Point,  and  is  the  principal  thoroughfare ;  the  cross-streets  are 
lettered,  and  many  of  the  streets  running  parallel  with  Broadway  are  num- 
bered. Dorchester  Street  crosses  Broadway  at  the  centre ;  and  all  streets 
west  of  it  have  the  prefix  West,  and  those  east  have  the  prefix  East. 

In  East  Boston  the  principal  thoroughfares  are  Meridian  Street,  running 
north  and  south,  and  Chelsea  Street.  Both  are  intersected  by  many  other 
streets,  running  for  the  most  part  in  direct  lines  across  the  island.  Webster 
Street  commands  a  fine  view  of  Boston  Harbor  and  the  city  proper,  and 
has  the  most  noteworthy  private  residences  of  the  Island  ward.  The  streets 
are  named  chiefly  for  Revolutionary  battles  or  noted  poets  and  artists. 

In  the  Charlestown  district  the  principal  avenues  are  Main  Street,  run- 
ning its  entire  length  to  "The  Charlestown  Neck;"  Bunker-hill  Street, 
running  over  Bunker  Hill,  parallel  with  Main  Street;  and  Chelsea  Street, 
extending  from  Warren  to  Chelsea  Bridges.  The  best  residences  are  on 
Monument  Square,  Breed's  Hill,  and  the  streets  leading  directly  therefrom. 
City  Square  is  in  the  southern  section  of  the  district. 

The  streets  in  the  Highland  district  are  broad  and  remarkably  attractive, 
winding  over  the  rocky  and  uneven  surface,  many  of  them  adorned  by 
luxuriant  shade-trees,  and  lined  with  comfortable,  well-built,  and  often 
elegant  residences ;  the  Highlands  being  sought  by  those  "  well-to-do " 
citizens  who  desire  to  establish  their  homes  not  too  far  from  "down-town," 
and  where  the  advantages  of  both  city  and  country  can  be  agreeably  com- 
bined. Warren  Street,  leading  to  Dorchester,  and  Walnut  Avenue,  are  the 
principal  driveways  through  the  Highlands.  A  great  deal  of  taste  and 
skill  are  displayed  by  many  residents  along  these  streets,  on  Norfolk  Hill, 
and  other  sections,  in  horticultural  as  well  as  architectural  embellishments. 

The  Dorchester  district  presents  many  interesting  features.  It  is  quite 
rural;  and  some  of  its  minor  streets  lead  into  most  delightful  lanes,  which 
are  much  enjoyed  by  the   pedestrian.      Here  also  are  fine  country  resi 


34  ICING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

dences,  with  grounds  made  beautiful  by  the  skill  of  the  landscape-gardener; 
and  pretty  villas,  —  especially  at  Savin  Hill,  a  picturesque  eminence,  with 
water  on  three  sides,  and  commanding  a  superb  view.  Washington  Street 
and  Dorchester  Avenue,  Bowdoin,  Hancock,  and  Boston  Streets,  are  the 
principal  thoroughfares  through  this  district. 

The  streets  of  the  West-Roxbury  district  are  chiefly  pleasant  "country 
driveways,  alongside  beautiful  gardens,  ornamental  trees,  elegant  estates, 
and  delightful  villas.  It  includes  Jamaica  Plain,  noted  for  its  handsome 
private  estates  and  public  buildings ;  and  Jamaica  Pond,  a  most  beautiful 
sheet  of  water,  the  ride  around  which  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
pleasant  drives  about  Boston. 

The  Brighton  district  is  reached  by  Beacon  Street,  over  the  Brighton 
Road.  Its  streets  are  pleasant  and  shady;  those  towards  the  south  and 
west  passing  over  beautiful  hills  commanding  delightful  views.  The  prin- 
cipal drives  are  to  and  about  the  Chestnut-hill  Reservoir,  a  distance  of  5j 
miles  from  the  City  Hall. 

The  total  cost  to  the  city  of  street  widenings,  improvements,  and  new 
streets,  from  the  incorporation  of  the  city  in  1822,  until  April  30,  1882,  was 
$33,404,145.88.     The  total  length  of  the  streets  is  more  than  400  miles. 

The  Bridges  in  and  around  Boston  are  quite  numerous.  Connecting 
the  original  city  with  the  Charlestown  district,  there  are  two  bridges,  —  the 
Charles-river  and  Warren  Bridges.  The  Charles-river  Bridge  was  the  first 
bridge  in  Boston,  and  was  opened  to  the  public  June  17,  1786.  It  was 
considered  at  the  time  one  of  the  greatest  enterprises  ever  undertaken  in 
America.  It  was  1,503  feet  long,  and  cost  $50,000.  It  has  been  rebuilt  and 
considerably  enlarged.  The  Warren  Bridge,  1,390  feet  long,  was  completed 
in  '1828.  West-Boston  or  Cambridge  Bridge,  connecting  Cambridge  with 
Boston,  was  opened  Nov.  23,  1793.  The  first  bridge  was  2,758  feet  long, 
with  an  abutment  and  causeway  3,432  feet  long,  making  a  total  length  of  6,190 
feet ;  and  its  cost  was  $76,667.  This  also  has  been  rebuilt  and  enlarged. 
East  Cambridge  is  connected  by  Cragie's  Bridge,  formerly  called  Canal 
Bridge,  2,796  feet  in  length,  which  was  opened  in  1809.  A  lateral  bridge 
extends  from  this  to  Prison  Point,  Charlestown  district,  1,820  feet  in  length. 
The  first  bridge  to  South  Boston  was  from  the  "Neck"  at  Dover  Street, 
1,550  feet  long.  It  cost  $50,000,  and  was  opened  in  1805.  A  second  bridge, 
at  the  foot  of  Federal  Street,  500  feet  long,  was  completed  in  1828.  The  old 
Dover-street  Bridge  has  been  replaced  by  a  spacious  and  substantial  struc- 
ture ;  and  a  magnificent  iron  structure,  known  as  the  Broadway  Bridge, 
was  completed  in  1872.  There  are  also  the  Mount  Washington  Avenue,  and 
the  Congress-street  Bridges,  over  Fort-Point  Channel.  East  Boston  is  con- 
nected with  the  city  proper  by  three  ferries.  Two  bridges  connect  East  Bos- 
ton and  Chelsea,  —  the  Chelsea-street  Bridge  and  the  Meridian-street  Bridge. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  35 

In  the  Charlestown  district  is  a  long  bridge  to  Chelsea,  which  has  recently 
been  rebuilt;  and  from  near  Charlestown  Neck,  a  long  bridge  to  Everett, 
formerly  South  Maiden.  In  the  Back-bay  district  of  the  city  proper,  are 
several  fine  bridges  over  the  railroads,  built  at  much  expense.  Saratoga- 
street  bridge  extends  to  Breed's  Island,  a  part  of  East  Boston,  in  Ward  I., 
and  leads  also  to  Winthrop.  Six  bridges  connect  the  Brighton  district  with 
Watertown  and  Cambridge,  and  four  bridges  connect  the  Dorchester  district 
with  Milton  and  Quincy. 

The  Public  Sewers  in  Boston  are  197}  miles  in  length.  In  1881-82  the 
sewer  department  expended  $189,634,  and  built  six  miles  of  sewers  and 
180  new  catch-basins.  In  August,  1877,  the  city  council  authorized  the 
construction  of  an  improved  system  of  sewerage,  at  a  cost  of  $3,713,000; 
and  additional  appropriations  of  nearly  $2,000,000  have  since  been  made. 
Up  to  February,  1883,  $3,388,046  had  been  expended.  It  will  probably  be 
finished  in  1884,  with  13  miles  of  intercepting  sewers,  a  pumping-station 
and  pumps,  a  reservoir,  and  a  tunnel  under  Dorchester  Bay.  The  pumping- 
station  is  at  Old  Harbor  Point;  and  the  outlet  is  at  Moon  Head,  in  Boston 
Harbor,  whence  it  is  expected  the  sewage  will  be  swept  far  out  to  sea. 

The  Street-Railway  System  in  Boston,  although  controlled  by  a  few  com- 
panies, is  nevertheless  quite  extensive  and  admirably  conducted.  The  lively 
competition  of  the  various  companies  causes  each  one  to  put  forward  the 
best  accommodations  that  can  be  given.  The  cars  are  generally  first-class, 
and  many  may  justly  be  called  palace-cars.  Almost  every  part  of  the  city 
and  its  vicinity  can  be  reached  by  a  ride  in  the  street-cars.  They  are 
always  to  be  found  at  every  railroad  depot  and  almost  every  steamboat  wharf ; 
and  the  economical  traveller  can  always  be  sure  of  transportation  from  his 
place  of  arrival  to  his  place  of  destination,  if  not  by  one  direct  ride,  at  most 
by  one  transfer.  More  than  160  miles  of  track  are  operated  by  the  various 
corporations  mentioned  below. 

The  Metropolitan  Railroad  Company  is  the  oldest  of  the  eight  compa- 
nies that  own  the  street-railways  of  Boston,  and  it  operates  the  most  exten- 
sive line.  The  wages  alone  amount  to  over  $600,000  per  annum.  Its  capital 
stock  is  $1,500,000.  Although  incorporated  in  1853,  the  company  run  no 
cars  over  its  tracks  until  1856;  and  then  the  object  was  only  to  accommodate 
travel  between  the  present  Scollay  Square  and  the  South  End  and  Roxbury. 
Lines  of  omnibuses,  known  as  "  King's  "  and  "  Hathorne's,"  were  in  exist- 
ence, and  were  purchased  and  run  for  a  long  time  by  this  company.  Its 
cars  run  to  different  sections  of  the  city  proper  and  East  Boston,  and  by 
way  of  Washington  and  Tremont  Streets  to  the  Highlands,  Dorchester, 
Milton  Lower  Mills,  Forest  Hills,  Jamaica  Plain,  and  Brookline. 

The  Highland  Street-Railway  Company,  organized  in  1872,  is  a  com- 
petitor with  the  Metropolitan  road.     Its  paid-up.  capital  stock  is  $600,000. 


36 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


Its  routes  extend  to  the  Highlands  vid  Shawmut  and  Columbus  Avenues, 
and  Hampden  Street,  to  Mount  Pleasant,  Grove  Hall,  and  Oakland  Garden. 

The  Union  Railway  Company  operates  lines  running  to  Harvard  Col- 
lege, Mount- Auburn  Cemetery,  and  other  parts  of  Old  Cambridge,  East 
Cambridge,  the  Brighton  district,  Allston,  Arlington,  Watertown,  and  Som- 
erville..    Its  Boston  termini  are  Bowdoin,  Park,  and  Scollay  Squares. 

The  Charles-river  Railroad  runs  in  Cambridge,  Somerville,  and  Boston, 
having  recently  received  authority  to  enter  the  city,  where  its  termini  are 
at  Park  and  Bowdoin  Squares. 

The  Middlesex  Railroad  Company  operates  lines  running  through  the 
streets  of  Boston,  from  the  Old  Colony  and  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad 
Depots  to  the  Charlestown  district;  to  Union  Square,  and  to  Winter  Hill, 
Somerville;  to  Everett,  and  to  Maiden.     Its  capital  stock  is  $550,000. 

The  South-Boston  Railroad  has  a  capital  stock  of  $750,000,  and  its  cars 
run  chiefly  to  South  Boston  and  City  Point. 

The  Lynn  and  Boston  Railroad  runs  to  Chelsea,  Revere  (Revere  Beach 
in  summer),  Saugus,  Lynn,  and  Swampscott.     Capital,  $294,400. 

The  Railroad  Commissioners  of  Massachusetts  are  Thomas  Russell, 
Edward  W.  Kinsley,  and  Clemens  Herschel.  From  their  report,  dated 
January,  1882,  are  compiled  the  following  statistics  :  — 


Name  of  Company. 

Miles 

of 

Track.1 

No.  of  Pas- 
sengers car- 
ried in  1881. 

No.  of 
Horses. 

No.  of 

Cars. 

No.  of 
Men  em- 
ployed. 

Divi- 
dends, 
1881. 

Total 
Property. 

Metropolitan   .... 

71 

28,701,227 

2>774 

553 

J.311 

8$ 

$3,533,05405 

15 

8,627,811 

748 

141 

320 

m 

1,041,524.20 

- 

11,968,250 

1,361 

189 

47° 

9# 

943,55I-25 

16 

5.789>456 

545 

118 

220 

7# 

1,205,713.74 

South  Boston  .... 

12 

8,387,780 

695 

160 

35° 

W 

890,720.84 

Lynn  and  Boston    .     . 

21 

3,8i7.405 

384 

85 

163 

4* 

435,749-i6 

Cambridge2     .... 

38 

- 

- 

- 

9* 

987,900.00 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

695 

13,600.00 

1  Total  length  in  even  miles 

2  The  Cambridge  and  Ailing 

;ton  roads  are 

operated 

by  the  U 

nion  Rai 

way  Company. 

The  Elevated  Railroad  System  will  doubtless  gain  a  foothold  in  Boston. 
In  the  autumn  of  1878  the  first  petitions  for  charters  were  filed  for  the 
Legislature  by  two  different  associations,  the  Boston  Elevated  Railroad 
Company  and  the  Metropolitan  Elevated  Railroad  Company.  Since  then 
several  more  unavailing  petitions  have  been  filed  and  heard. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON.  37 


E\)t  &rms  of  tfje  City., 

THE   RAILROADS,    STEAMSHIPS,    SHIPPING,    AND   WHARVES 

OF    BOSTON. 

THE  steam-railroad  was  introduced  in  Massachusetts  at  a  time  when  the 
commercial  interests  of  Boston  were  suffering  from  the  results  of  im- 
provements and  enterprises  directly  in  the  interest  of  New- York  City,  and 
when  the  far-sighted  citizens  of  Boston  were  greatly  concerned,  if  not 
alarmed,  for  her  future  as  a  commercial  centre.  While  Boston  had  poor  and 
slow  facilities  for  reaching  distant  points  except  by  sea,  New  York,  by  her 
steamers  making  daily  voyages  to  Providence,  to  the  Connecticut  River,  to 
New  Haven,  and  to  ports  on  the  Hudson  lying  near  the  western  border  of 
Massachusetts,  had  direct  and  regular  intercourse  with  about  half  the  State 
of  Massachusetts.  By  way  of  the  Blackstone  Canal  from  Providence  to 
Worcester  she  reached  the  heart  of  the  Commonwealth,  while  Boston  had 
no  such  communication  with  Worcester  ;  and  by  way  of  a  canal  from  North- 
ampton to  New  Haven  she  had  largely  drawn  to  herself  the  trade  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley.  The  costly  Middlesex  Canal,  leading  from  Boston  north 
almost  to  the  New-Hampshire  line,  and  modest  improvements  in  the  con- 
struction of  locks  for  fostering  a  very  limited  traffic  by  flat-boats  on  the  Mer- 
rimack and  the  Connecticut  Rivers,  had  disappointed  public  expectation; 
and  Boston's  chief  system  of  internal  communication  consisted  of  numerous 
lines  of  stage-coaches  and  baggage-wagons  ;  the  former  capable  of  making 
a  journey  of  100  miles  in  a  day  of  eighteen  hours,  and  the  latter  making 
the  round  trip  of  ioo  miles  and  back,  once  a  fortnight,  with  a  carrying 
capacity  of  only  four  or  five  tons.  Such  were  the  rapid  modes  of  travel 
and  transportation  out  from  Boston,  when  the  practicability  of  the  railroad 
was  discovered  and  demonstrated  in  England ;  and,  as  soon  as  learned  of 
and  fully  comprehended  here,  its  introduction  into  Massachusetts  was 
promptly  urged  and  pressed  by  the  most  energetic  and  public-spirited  men 
of  Boston,  as  the  solution  of  the  problem  of  internal  improvement  by 
which  successful  competition  with  New  York,  and  the  enlargement  of  the 
business  and  trade  of  the  city,  could  best  be  secured.  A  scheme  which 
had  long  been  agitated  for  the  establishment  of  a  canal  from  Boston  to 
Worcester,  for  the  purpose  of  counteracting  the  Blackstone,  and. another 
for  opening  a  line  of  navigation  by  way  of  Miller's  River  to  the  Connecti- 
cut, and  thence  by  tunnelling  the  Hoosac  Mountain  to  the  Hudson,  were 


38  KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

abandoned,  by  some  who  had  been  among  their  most  ardent  advocates,  and 
their  energies  directed  towards  securing  the  railroad.  It  must  be  confessed, 
however,  that  men  of  capital  sufficient  to  test  the  experiment  on  a  broad 
and  generous  scale  were  slow  to  recognize  its  advantages ;  and  the  public 
received  the  announcement  of  this  improvement  as  adapted  to  meet  its 
wants  with  what,  at  this  day,  appears  as  surprising  incredulity. 

At  length,  after  much  discussion  in  the  newspapers,  pamphlets,  and 
public  meetings,  the  legislature  in  1827  was  influenced  to  authorize  a  com- 
mission to  cause  surveys  to  be  made  of  the  most  practicable  routes  for  a 
railroad  from  Boston  to  the  Hudson  River  at  or  near  Albany.  The  next 
legislature,  upon  the  report  of  these  commissioners,  established  a  board  of 
directors  of  internal  improvement,  consisting  of  twelve  members,  and  appro- 
priated a  fund  to  pay  the  expenses  of  surveys  and  plans ;  and  under  their 
direction  surveys  were  made  for  a  railroad  from  Boston  to  the  Hudson  River, 
and  for  three  entire  routes  from  Boston  to  Providence.  The  board  reported 
in  the  winter  of  1829,  recommending  that  a  commencement  of  railroads  be 
made  in  both  directions,  —  to  the  Hudson  River  and  to  Providence,  —  at  the 
expense  of  the  State.  But  the  legislature  declined  to  make  any  appropria- 
tion. In  succeeding  sessions  several  private  charters  were  granted;  but 
nothing  was  accomplished  by  these  at  once,  the  subscriptions  to  stock  com- 
ing forward  slowly.  In  1831  the  Boston  and  Providence,  the  Boston  and 
Worcester,  and  the  Boston  and  Lowell  corporations  were  organized,  the 
charter  of  the  latter  having  been  granted  the  year  before;  and  the  construc- 
tion of  all  three  roads  was  begun  the  following  year.  The  subscriptions  to 
the  stock  of  the  Boston  and  Worcester  road  were  made  conditionally,  with 
the  reservation  of  the  right  of  the  subscribers  to  withdraw  on  receiving  the 
report  of  definite  surveys  and  estimates;  and  were  mostly  by  business  men 
desirous  of  establishing,  ultimately,  a  western  railroad  which  should  extend 
to  the  Hudson  River.  A  great  part  of  the  stock  of  the  Boston  and  Provi- 
dence was  taken  by  New-York  capitalists,  and  much  of  that  of  the  Boston 
and  Lowell  by  stockholders  in  the  mills  of  Lowell.  The  Boston  and 
Worcester  was  partially  opened  for  public  travel  in  April,  1834,  and  opened 
throughout  on  July  4,  the  following  year;  the  Boston  and  Providence  in 
part  in  June,  1834,  and  throughout  in  June,  1835;  and  the  Boston  and 
Lowell  in  June,  1835.  These  roads  were  built  by  engineers  who  had  never 
seen  the  English  works ;  and,  though  they  adopted  the  general  principles  on 
which  those  were  built,  they  by  no  means  directly  copied  them,  making  in 
some  particulars  radical  changes,  as,  for  instance,  adopting  cross-ties  of 
wood  in  lieu  of  stone  blocks,  as  "  sleepers,"  and  admitting  higher  grades. 
The  Boston  and  Lowell,  however,  did  lay  their  track  in  part  on  granite 
sleepers.  At  first  the  locomotives  were  imported  from  England;  but  very 
soon  works  for  their  manufacture  were  established  here,  a  locomotive  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  39 

American  make  being  placed  on  the  Worcester  road  within  its  first  year, 
proving  a  valuable  and  altogether  serviceable  engine. 

Once  firmly  established,  the  great  advantage  of  the  railroad  over  the 
canal  and  other  modes  of  transportation  and  travel  of  that  day  was  recog- 
nized by  all ;  and  the  system  was  rapidly  enlarged  and  extended,  through 
the  indomitable  enterprise  of  citizens  of  Boston,  until  in  1851  seven  trunk- 
lines,  extending  to  the  limits  of  the  State,  had  been  completed,  with  numer- 
ous branches,  connecting  with  main  lines  in  and  passing  through'  other 
States,  opening  channels  of  easy  intercourse  with  distant  parts  of  the  coun- 
try in  all  directions;  the  last  trunk-line  finished  connecting  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  its  two  most  important  points,  Ogdensburg  in  New  York,  and  Montreal 
in  Canada,  directly  with  the  port  of  Boston.  At  that  time  a  great  railroad 
jubilee  was  held,  lasting  three  days,  at  which  the  president  of  the  United 
States,  Millard  Fillmore,  and  the  governor-general  of  Canada,  Lord  Elgin, 
were  present,  with  the  members  of  their  cabinets,  and  other  distinguished 
men.  By  the  Grand  Junction  Railroad,  —  the  completion  of  which  was  a  mat- 
ter for  special  congratulation  at  the  jubilee,  much  being  expected  from  it, — 
the  Eastern,  Maine,  Fitchburg,  and  Lowell  roads  were  connected  for  freight, 
and  brought  to  tide-water  at  East  Boston  :  here  ample  wharf  and  storage 
room  was  provided,  built  in  the  most  convenient  and  substantial  manner, 
so  that  cars  from  the  interior  could  be  brought  into  immediate  connection 
with  vessels  from  every  port,  and  the  freight  of  the  ship  directly  exchanged 
for  that  of  the  cars.  The  seven  trunk-lines  —  the  Worcester,  Providence, 
Lowell,  Eastern,  Maine,  Fitchburg,  and  Old  Colony  —  had  cost,  when  the 
great  jubilee  was  held,  nearly  $53,000,000,  yielded  an  income  of  over 
$6,500,000,  and  covered  nearly  1,100  miles.  The  entire  length  of  railroad 
situated,  in  whole  or  in  part,  in  Massachusetts,  at  that  time,  was  1,41  \\ 
miles,  at  an  aggregate  cost  of  $60,992,183,  affording  a  gross  income  of 
$7,445,961  ;  and  the  entire  cost  of  the  railroads  in  the  New-England  States 
then  operated  exceeded  $100,000,000.  Bostonians,  besides  their  interest  in 
their  home  roads,  had  large  investments  in  railroads  in  the  West;  and  it 
was  estimated,  at  the  time  of  the  jubilee,  that  $50,000,000  of  railroad  invest- 
ments were  held  in  Boston. 

Such  had  been  the  growth  of  the  railroad-system  at  the  time  of  the  great 
jubilee.  But  from  that  time  to  the  present  its  further  development  has  been 
quite  as  remarkable.  It  has  been  the  means  of  building  up  many  suburban 
cities  and  towns,  by  affording  quick  and  frequent  transit ;  and,  for  distant 
communication,  it  has  been  so  extended  and  broadened  that,  now  the  city 
is  one  of  the  great  leading  depots  of  commerce,  in  sharp  competition  with 
the  other  large  cities ;  its  railway  lines  reaching  out  in  every  direction, 
connecting  with  the  magnificent  systems  of  railways  that  unite  the  East  and 
the  Great  West. 


4o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


The  Boston  and  Providence,  the  second  railroad  opened  from  Boston, 
enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  one  of  the  most  completely  appointed  rail- 
roads in  the  United  States.  The  road  proper,  from  Boston  to  Providence, 
is  44  miles,  and  the  branches  and  leased  lines  are  23^  miles  in  length.  The 
road  runs  the  fastest  train,  as  by  regular  schedule,  between  terminal  points, 
of  any  road  in  the  United  States.  This,  the  Shore-line  express-train  to 
New  York,  which  leaves  Boston  at  1  p.m.,  arrives  at  Providence  at  2  p.m. 
The  6.30  p.m.  express-train  carries  large  numbers  of  passengers  to  Stoning- 
ton,  who  there  take  the  famous  Stonington-line  steamers  for  New  York. 


Boston  and  Providence  Railroad   Depot,  Columbus  Avenue. 

These  steamers  are  some  of  the  finest  ever  built.  The  Boston  and  Provi- 
dence Railroad  constitutes  an  important  part  of  the  all-rail  "Shore-line 
route"  between  Boston  and  New  York,  via  Providence,  New  London,  and 
New  Haven,  the  terminal  stations  being  the  two  finest  in  this  country.  The 
New- York  station  is  the  Grand  Central.  The  Boston  station,  situated  on 
Columbus  Avenue,  is  the  most  convenient  and  comfortable,  as  well  as  most 
beautiful,  architecturally  speaking,  in  the  United  States  ;  and  it  is  the  long- 
est in  the  world,  being  850  feet  from  end  to  end.     The  portion  assigned 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  41 

to  the  accommodation  of  passengers  contains  large  and  pleasant  waiting- 
rooms,  dining,  reading,  billiard,  and  smoking  rooms,  a  barber-shop,  and 
wash-rooms,  all  finished  and  equipped  in  a  style  equalled  only  by  our  best 
hotels.  Upon  the  walls  of  the  passenger-rooms  are  painted  an  index  of 
stations  and  distances,  and  maps  of  the  country  passed  through  by  this  road 
and  its  connections.  On  the  second  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  company, 
which  are  approached  from  a  gallery  running  around  the  grand  central  hall, 
one  of  the  finest  and  most  effective  features  of  the  building.  Out  of  this 
hall  open  the  waiting-rooms  and  other  apartments  described  above.  The 
train-house  is  600  feet  long  and  130  feet  wide  ;  and  its  great  iron  trusses 
cover  five  tracks  and  three  platforms.  The  entrance  forms  a  fine  feature  of 
the  facade ;  and  at  the  Columbus-avenue  corner  is  a  lofty  tower,  with  a  large 
illuminated  clock.  The  cost  of  this  station  was  $800,000.  The  president 
is  Henry  A.  Whitney ;  and  the  superintendent,  Albert  A.  Folsom. 

The  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  succeeded  the  Boston  and  Worcester 
road,  and  forms  one  continuous  line  to  the  Hudson  River,  so  long  desired 
and  contemplated,  at  the  very  beginning,  in  the  railroad  enterprises  conceived 
by  Boston  men.  The  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Company  was  formed  in 
1869  by  the  consolidation  of  the  Worcester  and  Western  Railroads  with  all 
their  branches  and  leased  lines;  the  Western  road  having  been  opened  from 
Worcester  to  the  Connecticut  River  eight  years  after  the  opening  of  the 
Worcester  road,  and  to  the  State  line  two  years  later.  The  length  of  the 
main  line,  with  double  track,  is  201.65  miles;  and  the  total  length  of  line 
owned,  leased,  and  operated  is  323.66.  It  now  owns  and  operates  the  Grand 
Junction  Railroad  and  its  extensive  and  finely-equipped  wharves  at  East 
Boston,  the  completion  of  which  did  not  at  the  time  realize  the  expectations 
of  its  projectors;  and  for  14  years  immediately  preceding  its  purchase  it  was 
practically  abandoned.  This  has  been  connected  with  its  main  line,  and  has 
thus  secured  a  deep-water  connection.  It  affords  ample  facilities  for  unload- 
ing the  foreign  steamers  ;  moves  large  numbers  of  immigrants,  in  a  prompt 
and  comfortable  manner,  saving  them  from  the  danger  and  confusion  of  a 
passage  through  the  city,  and  protecting  them  from  sharpers;  and  altogether 
does  an  immense  business  through  this  enterprise.  It  also  owns  and  oper- 
ates a  substantial  grain-elevator  here,  with  a  capacity  of  1,000,000  bushels ; 
and  another  on  the  corner  of  Chandler  and  Berkeley  Streets,  with  a  capacity 
of  about  500,000  bushels,  its  object  being  the  supply  of  the  city  trade.  The 
average  annual  dividends  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  have  been  10  per  cent 
until  within  a  few  years,  when  the  general  depression  of  business  through- 
out the  country  has  reduced  them  to  8  per  cent. 

In  regard  to  length,  equipment,  and  amount  of  passenger  and  freight 
traffic,  this  has  been  for  many  years  far  in  advance  of  the  other  railroads 
entering  Boston ;  but  until  recently  its  station  in  this  city  was  not  in  keep- 


42 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


ing  with  the  importance  of  the  road.  Sept.  i,  1881,  however,  a  new  and 
elegant  depot  was  completed,  which  takes  its  place  among  the  best  in  this 
country.  It  occupies  the  block  bounded  by  Kneeland,  Lincoln,  and  Utica 
Streets ;  the  entrance  being  through  two  large  porticos  on  Kneeland  Street. 
The  front  is  chiefly  of  pressed  brick,  with  heavy  granite  trimmings.  The 
main  structure  —  Ii8£  by  140  feet  —  contains  a  vestibule,  42  by  120  feet, 
and  42  feet  high,  which  is  amply  lighted  in  the  daytime  by  a  skylight  cover- 
ing the  whole  inner  court.     On  one  side  is  the  ladies'  waiting-room,  35  by  75 


\-  **5-v-V5£ 


Boston  and  Albany  Depot,   Kneeland  Street. 


feet,  handsomely  and  comfortably  furnished,  and  provided  with  three  large 
fireplaces  fifteen  feet  in  height,  built  of  McGregor  freestone  ;  toilet-rooms 
and  ticket-office.  On  the  other  side  is  the  gentlemen's  room,  35  by  38  feet; 
it,  too,  being  handsomely  fitted  up.  By  its  side  is  the  news-stand  and  Arm- 
strong's dining-rooms,  —  a  model  of  convenience  and  elegance.  The  second 
story  is  used  for  the  company's  offices.  A  mezzanine  story  contains  the 
treasurer's  vault,  rooms  for  depot-master  and  porters,  and  a  laundry  and  culi- 
nary department.     The  third  story  is  used  by  numerous  clerks  of  the  com- 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  43 

pany.  The  train-house  is  444  feet  long  and  1 i8£  feet  wide.  It  opens  directly 
into  the  vestibule  ;  and  its  tracks  are  numbered  from  1  to  6  inclusive,  with 
capacity  of  from  four  to  seven  cars.  On  the  sides  of  the  tracks  are  inward 
and  outward  baggage-rooms,  and  accommodations  for  persons  coming  and 
going  in  hacks  and  other  vehicles.  The  train  and  passenger  rooms  are 
lighted  by  electricity.  The  architect  was  Alexander  R.  Esty.  The  presi- 
dent of  the  road  is  William  Bliss ;  the  superintendent,  W.  H.  Barnes ;  the 
general  passenger-agent,  Edward  Gallup. 

The  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  is  now  part  of  a  system  connecting 
with  the  leading  railroads  of  New  Hampshire,  the  Central  Vermont,  and  the 
Grand  Trunk,  and  especially  forming  a  continuous  line  to  Montreal  and 
other  parts  of  Canada  and  the  West.  The  Boston  and  Lowell  formed  a 
combination  with  the  Nashua  and  Lowell  Railroad  in  January,  1857,  for  the 
joint  operation  of  the  main  roads  and  branches.  On  this  basis  the  length 
of  line  directly  operated  by  this  company  was  133  miles.  This  combination 
came  to  an  end  in  December,  1878;  but  in  October,  1880,  the  Nashua  road 
was  leased  by  the  Lowell  for  99  years.  From  its  opening  to  the  year  1875, 
the  company's  yearly  dividends  have  varied  from  2  to  8  per  cent.  The 
largest  dividend  was  paid  in  1873.  None  were  paid  between  1875  and  1877, 
but  payment  was  resumed  in  1878.  In  1880  a  regular  dividend  of  4  per 
cent  was  declared.  The  present  passenger-station  in  this  city  was  built  in 
1871,  and  on  a  large  scale,  in  anticipation  of  the  extension  of  the  Western 
business  of  the  line,  and  also  of  the  construction  of  the  Massachusetts 
Central  Railroad  from  Boston  to  Northampton  and  to  the  Hoosac  Tunnel, 
which  was  suspended  at  the  time  of  the  financial  crisis.  The  passenger- 
station  is  700  feet  long,  and  has  a  front  of  205  feet  on  Causeway  Street. 
In  the  centre  of  the  head-house  is  a  magnificent  and  lofty  marble-paved 
hall,  finished  in  hard  wood.  Out  of  this  open  large  and  well-appointed 
waiting-rooms,  a  restaurant,  bundle-rooms,  baggage-rooms,  a  barber's  shop, 
etc.  The  train-house  is  broad,  spacious,  and  long;  and  its  great  arch  has  a 
clear  span  of  120  feet.  The  building  material  of  the  station  is  face  brick, 
with  trimmings  of  Nova-Scotia  freestone.  Its  appearance  and  convenience 
were  greatly  improved  in  1878  by  the  addition  of  two  broad  entrances  in  the 
front.  The  building  is  flanked  by  two  massive  towers,  the  westerly  one 
being  much  taller  than  the  other.  The  president  of  the  Boston  and  Lowell 
is  the  Hon.  Josiah  G.  Abbott;  the  general  manager,  Henry  C.  Sherburne; 
and  the  general  ticket-agent,  B.  F.  Kendrick. 

The  Boston,  Concord,  and  Montreal  Railroad  is  connected  directly  with 
the  Boston,  Lowell,  and  Concord  combination,  entering  Boston  over  its 
tracks,  and  enjoying  its  terminal  facilities.  By  its  connections  in  the  White- 
Mountain  region  it  brings  that  section  into  direct  communication  with  the 
great  trunk-lines,  and  making  it  accessible  from  all  directions.     Much  of  its 


44  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

stock  is  owned  in  Boston.    The  fiscal  agency  and  transfer  office  is  at  31  Milk 
Street. 

The  Massachusetts  Central  Railroad  Company  was  organized  in  1869, 
under  a  special  charter  to  build  a  line  from  the  town  of  Williamsburg  to  a 
point  at  or  near  Stony-Brook  Station  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  (12  miles 
from  Boston),  a  distance  of  about  100  miles.  The  purpose  of  the  projectors 
was  to  construct  a  railroad  through  the  central  portion  of  the  State,  about 
midway  between  the  Boston  and  Albany  and  Fitchburg  roads,  and  to  con- 
nect with  the  latter  at  Stony  Brook.  The  idea  of  building  from  Williams- 
burg was  abandoned  at  an  early  period;  and  in  1871-72  the  line  was  finally 
located  between  Northampton  and  Stony  Brook,  following  closely  the  sur- 
vey made  many  years  before  for  the  proposed  extension  of  the  Erie  Canal 
from  Albany  to  Boston.  The  capital  stock  was  fixed  at  $3,000,000,  of  which 
$812,000  was  subscribed  by  the  towns  along  the  line ;  and  in  1872  a  contract 
was  made  with  Norman  C.  Munson  of  Shirley  for  its  construction  and  equip- 
ment. Mr.  Munson  began  work  at  once,  and  pushed  it  so  rapidly  that  by 
the  autumn  of  1873  about  one-half  of  the  line  was  completed,  at  a  cost  of 
about  $2,600,000.  In  March,  1873,  the  railroad  property  and  franchise  were 
mortgaged  to  Jacob  H.  Loud,  Franklin  Haven,  and  Thomas  Talbot,  trustees, 
as  security  for  $2,700,000  of  7  per  cent  currency  bonds  which  it  was  pro- 
posed to  issue.  Negotiations  for  the  sale  of  these  bonds  were  nearly 
concluded  when  the  financial  panic  of  September,  1873,  came.  These  nego- 
tiations being  thus  broken  off,  and  it  being  found  impossible  to  prosecute 
the  work  on  the  road,  further  operations  were  suspended.  -In  1875,  w'tn  tne 
completion  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  came  the  idea  of  extending  the  Massa- 
chusetts Central  to  form  a  part  of  a  through  line  from  Boston  to  the  West. 
In  1879  an  act  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature  authorizing  the  extension 
of  the  road  from  Amherst  —  7  miles  east  of  Northampton  —  to  a  junction 
with  the  Troy  and  Greenfield  Railroad  of  the  Hoosac-Tunnel  line ;  and 
also  providing  for  the  extension  easterly  from  Stony  Brook  to  an  intersection 
with  the  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  at  North  Cambridge,  about  4|  miles 
from  Boston.  After  the  passage  of  this  act,  all  the  bonds  issued  under  the 
mortgage  of  1873,  amounting  to  $1,494,000,  were  retired,  and  the  mortgage 
was  cancelled.  A  new  mortgage  was  executed  in  January,  1880,  to  George 
R.  Chapman,  Franklin  Haven,  and  Thomas  Talbot,  trustees,  to  secure  the 
payment  of  $3,500,000,  6  per  cent  gold  bonds,  dated  Jan.  1,  1880,  and  due  in 
20  years  thereafter;  and  a  new  contract  for  the  completion  of  the  road  was 
made  with  Mr.  Munson.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  was  also 
increased  to  $3,500,000.  Of  the  new  bonds,  $1,500,000  were  purchased  by  a 
syndicate  composed  of  some  of  the  strongest  parties  in  Boston  ;  and  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1881,  $1,000,000  more  were  sold  in  the  market  at  nearly  par.  The 
company  re-located  a  portion  of  its  road,  abandoning  a  large  amount  of  work 


THE    BOSTON    AND    LOWELL    RAILROAD    DEPOT, 
Causeway   Street,  Corner  of  Nashua. 


Terminal  Station  of  the 
MASSACHUSETTS    CENTRAL   RAILROAD. 


46  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

between  Barre  and  Belchertown,  and  taking  a  new  line  running  through  the 
towns  of  Hardwick,  Ware,  and  Palmer.  This  change  shortens  the  distance 
and  reduces  the  grades,  and  also  brings  the  railroad  into  several  large 
manufacturing  villages,  which  will  add  considerably  to  its  earnings.  The 
contractor,  Mr.  Munson,  resumed  work  in  the  winter  of  1878-79,  and  in 
May,  1882,  had  the  rails  laid  from  the  junction  with  the  Boston  and  Lowell 
to  Jefferson's  (48  miles  from  Boston) ;  from  Jefferson's  to  Ware,  26^  miles, 
the  grading  and  masonry  are  nearly  completed;  and  from  Bondville  to 
Northampton,  2i£  miles,  a  large  percentage -of  the  grading  and  masonry 
are  also  completed,  though  from  Ware  to  Bondville,  7^  miles,  little  work 
has  been  done. 

Aside  from  the  through  business  via  the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  the  road  trav- 
erses a  section  of  the  State,  the  population  and  valuation  of  which  are  nearly 
double  that  along  the  line  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad;  and  it -will  give  a 
direct  communication  east  and  west  to  a  large  manufacturing  interest  located 
upon  the  various  streams  between  Hudson  and  Amherst.  There  will  also 
be  a  large  business  from  the  dairies  at  and  near  Barre,  and  points  east  of 
that  town.  The  line  crosses  and  connects  with  the  following  roads :  the 
Fitchburg;  Framingham  and  Lowell;  Boston,  Clinton,  and  Fitchburg; 
Worcester  and  Nashua;  Boston,  Barre,  and  Gardner;  Ware-river;  Spring- 
field  and  North-eastern;  New- London  Northern;  Connecticut-river;  New 
Haven  and  Northampton ;  and  Troy  and  Greenfield.  It  will  bring  a  large 
population  into  direct  communication  with  points  east  and  west  heretofore 
to  be  reached  only  by  the  lateral  roads  which  connect  with  the  Fitchburg  on 
the  north,  and  the  Boston  and  Albany  on  the  south.  From  Boston  to  Hud- 
son on  the  new  line  is  28  miles,  via  the  Fitchburg  34;  to  Barre,  63,  against 
107  by  the  old  route;  to  Ware,  75,  instead  of  95  ;  to  Amherst,  97,  instead 
of  103;  and  to  Northampton,  103,  instead  of  115.  The  president  of  the 
road  is  Hon.  Samuel  N.  Aldrich  ;  and  the  treasurer  and  clerk,  George  F. 
Seymour.  In  the  spring  of  1883  the  running  of  trains  on  the  Massachusetts 
Central  Railroad  was  stopped,  and  the  property  was  abandoned  and  left  in 
disuse. 

The  Old-Colony  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  March  16,  1844,  to 
build  and  operate  a  railroad  from  Boston  to  Plymouth  ;  and  the  road  was 
opened  for  travel  at  the  close  of  the  following  year.  The  present  Old- 
Colony  Railroad  Company  has  absorbed  the  Old-Colony  and  Fall-River 
railroad  companies,  the  Fall-River  and  Newport,  the  Cape-Cod,  the  Vine- 
yard-Sound, the  South-shore,  the  Duxbury  and  Cohasset,  trie  Middle- 
borough  and  Taunton,  the  Dorchester  and  Milton,  the  Boston,  Clinton, 
Fitchburg,  and  New-Bedford,  and  Framingham  and  Lowell  Railroads.  The 
main  line,  from  Boston  to  Plymouth,  Provincetown,  and  Newport,  is  249.89 
miles  in  length  ;  and  with  its  various  branches  it  controls  and  operates  in  all 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


47 


475  miles  of  rail-lines,  together  with  225  miles  of  steamship  routes;  making 
a  total  of  700  miles  of  land  and  water  routes.  The  main  line  runs  through 
some  of  the  largest  manufacturing  towns  of  Eastern  Massachusetts,  — 
Brockton,  the  Bridgewaters,  Easton,  Taunton,  New  Bedford,  and  Fall  River. 
Provincetown,  one  terminus  of  its  main  line,  is  the  farthest  seaward  point 
of  Cape  Cod.  The  northern  division  extends  from  Taunton  to  Attle- 
borough,  Mansfield,  Framingham,  Clinton,  Fitchburg,  and  Lowell.  A 
branch  also  reaches  to  Wood's  Holl,  whence  steamer  connection  is  made 
to  Martha's  Vineyard  and  Nantucket.  Other  branches  extend  to  Nantasket, 
Hingham,  and  Cohasset,  famous  summer  resorts  on  the  South  Shore;  to 
M  a  r  s  h  fi  e  1  d, 
the  old  home 
of  Daniel 
Webster;  to 
D  u  x  b  u  r  v, 
where  t  li  e 
American  end 
of  one  of  the 
Atlantic  ca- 
bles is  held  ; 
and  to  other 
places  of  in- 
terest and  im- 
portance. As 
the  "land 
end "  of  the 
renown  e d 
F  a  1 1  -  R  i  v  e  r 
line  to  New 
York,  with  its 
mag  n  i  fi  c  e  n  t 
steamers     the 


Old-Colony   Railroad    Depot,    Kneeland  Street. 


"  Bristol '' and  "Providence,"  as  yet  unapproached  in  size  or  grandeur  by 
any  in  the  world,  the  Old-Colony  road  is  widely  and  favorably  known.  These 
boats  cost  $1,250,000  each,  and  have  carried  more  than  2,000,000  passengers. 
They  are  being  constantly  improved,  and  to-day  are  as  attractive  and  in- 
viting as  when  first  launched.  The  "  Pilgrim."  a  marvellous  iron  steam- 
boat, with  every  comfort  and  luxury,  was  recently  built  at  a  cost  of  over 
$r,ooo,ooo.  She  is  larger  than  the  "Bristol,"  being  390  feet  long;  and  has 
a  double  hull  of  iron,  with  over  100  water-tight  compartments.  Her  normal 
rate  of  speed  is  20  miles  an  hour.  The  Old-Colony  has  for  many  years  paid 
a  regular  6  per  cent  dividend.     In  the  years  1873-75  it  declared  7  per  cent, 


48  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

and  now  pays  7  per  cent.     The  passenger-station  in  this  city  is  on  Kneeland 
and  South  Streets. 

In  1S76  the  Old-Colony  acquired  control  of  the  Union  Freight  Railway 
in  this  city,  which  is  practically  the  distributer  of  freight  from  the  railways 
to  the  wharves  of  the  city,  for  lading  steamships  and  other  vessels.  By  the 
aid  of  this  railway,  an  elevator,  and  dummy  engines,  a  European  steamship 
can  be  loaded  in  24  hours.  The  Union  Freight  was  first  operated  in  1872, 
and  during  the  year  conveys  between  150,000  and  200,000  tons.  The  charge 
per  car  is  $4.  Its  tracks  run  to  Constitution,  T,  Lewis's,  Eastern-avenue, 
Commercial,  Union,  and  Central  Wharves.  The  line  is  2.45  miles  long, 
and  extends  from  the  Boston  and  Lowell  to  the  Old-Colony  tracks.  The 
president  of  the  Old-Colony  road  is  Charles  F.  Choate ;  and  the  general 
superintendent,  J.  R.  Kendrick. 

The  Fitchburg  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  March  3,  1842,  and  was 
opened  for  travel  to  Waltham,  Dec.  20,  1S43;  t0  Concord  Junction,  June  17, 
1844;  and  to  Fitchburg,  March  5,  1845.  It  now  operates  the  Vermont  and 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  extending  from  Fitchburg  to  Greenfield,  under  a 
lease  of  999  years.  Under  a  seven-years'  agreement,  dated  Aug.  14,  1SS0, 
it  operates,  for  the  actual  cost  of  operation,  the  37  miles  of  the  Troy  and 
Greenfield  Railroad  and  Hoosac  Tunnel  between  Greenfield  and  North 
Adams,  at  which  point  it  connects  with  the  Troy  and  Boston  Railroad,  and 
the  New-York  Central  Railroad  system,  and  the  Boston,  Hoosac  Tunnel, 
and  Western  Railway  and  Erie  system.  The  Hoosac  Tunnel  Dock  and 
Elevator  Company,  whose  property  is  located  in  Charlestown,  and  in  which 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad  is  the  largest  stockholder,  will  have,  when  com- 
pleted, four  docks,  each  500  feet  long,  and  of  width  from  100  to  149  feet, 
besides  a  shorter  clock  ;  also  four  piers  of  different  width,  on  which  three 
extensive  two-story  warehouses  will  be  built ;  also  room  in  the  main  docks  for 
four  large  ocean-steamers ;  also  room  for  small  steamers  and  sailing-vessels 
in  the  shorter  dock  and  end  berths.  The  line  of  the  main  road  to  Fitchburg 
is  49.6  miles,  and  from  Fitchburg  to  Greenfield  56  miles  ;  and  length  of  road 
owned,  leased,  and  operated,  189  miles.  For  20  years  it  paid  a  regular  8 
per  cent  dividend.  In  1S77,  however,  owing  to  the  depressed  times,  the 
dividend  dropped  to  6  per  cent,  but  has  since  advanced  to  7  per  cent,  and 
has  again  dropped  to  6  per  cent.  The  passenger-station  in  the  city,  on 
Causeway  Street,  is  a  massive  structure  of  undressed  granite,  looking  in 
front  more  like  a  grim  old  castle  than  a  railway-station,  and  was  built  in  1847. 
In  it  was  once  a  large  hall  where  the  famous  Jenny  Lind  concerts  were  given 
in  1S50  under  the  management  of  P.  T.  Barnum.  The  interior  of  the  station 
has  been  several  times  re-arranged  and  remodelled,  and  it  is  now  quite  con- 
venient. Trains  enter  on  one  side,  and  depart  on  the  other.  The  president 
of  the  company  is  William  B.  Stearns  :   the  traffic  manager,  John  Whitmore  ; 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


49 


the  general  superintendent  of  the  road,  John  Adams;  and  the  assistant 
superintendent.  E.  K.  Turner. 

The  Eastern  Railroad  Company  was  chartered  April  14,  1S36,  to  build  a 
road  from  East  Boston  to  the  New-Hampshire  line;  and  this  was  completed 
Nov.  9,  1S40.  The  main  line  now  runs,  through  consolidation  with  other 
roads,  from  Boston  to  Portland,  and  from  Conway  Junction  to  North  Con- 
way, N.H.,  1S0  miles  in  all,  with  branches  of  102  miles  in  length;  the  total 
length  of  lines  owned,  leased,  and  operated,  being  2S1.69  miles.  The  length 
of  road  in  Massachusetts  is  120.79  miles;  New  Hampshire,  107.63;  and 
Maine,  53.55  miles.  For  many  years  the  company  enjoyed  great  prosperity; 
but  since  1873  it  nas  not  Pa'd  a  dividend,  and  has  passed  through  a  most 
trying  ordeal.  Since  1876  the  company  has  been  steadily  getting  itself  into 
a  more  satisfactory  condition ;  and  the  indications  at  this  time  are,  that  it 
will  soon  be  able  to  recover  itself.  The  reports  of  1SS1  were  the  most  satis- 
factory since  the  beginning  of  its  difficulties.  Thorough  repairs  have  been 
made  in  almost  all  portions  of  the  road;  and  the  rolling-stock  has  been  in- 
creased, being  paid  for  from  the  earnings.  In  1881  there  was  a  decided  in- 
crease in  the  earnings  for  transportation  of  freight,  and  in  the  number  of 
passengers  carried.  Geographically  the  location  of  the  road  is  all  that  can 
be  desired.  The  branch  to  North  Conway  is  one  of  the  favorite  modes  of 
reaching  the  White  Mountains;  and  it  there  connects  with  the  Portland  and 
Ogdensburg,  running  through  the  midst  of  the  mountains.  The  Gloucester 
branch,  from  Beverly,  through  Beverly  Farms,  Manchester-by-the-Sea,  Mag- 
nolia, and  Gloucester,  to  Rockport,  is  one  of  the  best  branches  controlled 
by  this  company;  the  summer  travel  along  it  being  very  heavy.  The  pas- 
senger-station in  this  city  is  on  Causeway  Street,  between  the  stations  of 
the  Lowell  and  Fitchbir.g  roads.  It  was  built  in  1863,  after  the  destruction 
by  fire  of  the  former  station,  and  is  small  and  crowded.  What  space  it 
affords  is,  however,  well  utilized  ;  and  the  waiting-rooms  are  convenient  and 
well  arranged.  It  is  of  brick,  with  a  central  tower,  upon  which  is  a  clock. 
The  present  president  is  George  E.  B.  Jackson  ;  Lucius  Tuttle  is  general 
passenger-agent ;  and  Payson  Tucker  is  general  manager. 

The  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad,  as  now  constituted,  was  formed  by  the 
consolidation,  Jan.  1,  rS42,  of  the  Boston  and  Portland  Railroad,  chartered 
in  Massachusetts  in  1S33;  the  Boston  and  Maine,  chartered  in  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1835;  and  the  Maine,  Xew-Hampshire,  and  Massachusetts,  char- 
tered in  Maine  in  1836.  The  consolidated  road  was  opened  to  the  junction 
with  the  Portland,  Saco,  and  Portsmouth,  at  South  Berwick,  Me.,  in  1843. 
The  latter  road  up  to  July,  1871,  was  leased  to  and  operated  by  the  Boston 
and  Maine  and  the  Eastern  roads  jointlv.  In  1873  the  Boston  and  Maine 
was  opened  to  Portland.  The  main  line,  from  Boston  to  Portland,  is  115 
miles  long;  and,  in  addition,  the  company  operates  S3  miles  of  branches  and 


5o 


ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


leased  lines.  The  main  line  passes  through  one  of  the  most  thickly  settled 
portions  of  New  England.  There  are  42  cities,  towns,  and  villages  between 
Boston  and  Portland,  man)  of  them  being  devoted  to  manufacturing  inter- 
ests. The  dividend  paid  in  i<SSo  was  6.5  percent;  for  several  years  pre- 
vious to  1S77,  when  it  was  5  per  cent,  it  was  6,  8,  and  10  per  cent.  The 
passenger-station  in  this  city  is  on  Haymarket  Square,  at  the  foot  of  Wash- 
ington Street,  occupying  a  most  prominent  position.  It  was  built  long  ago; 
but  it  has  been  extended,  re-arranged,  and  improved  internally,  so  that  it  is 


! 


=5=      -■«»*■„ .  .-a,-  ;yjjjj*& 


Boston  and   Maine   Railroad   Depot,    Haymarket  Square. 


now  convenient,  light,  and    cheerful.     The  president  of   the   Boston  and 
Maine  is  George  C.  Lord;  and  the  superintendent,  James  T.  Furber. 

The  New- York  and  New-England  Railroad  Company  succeeded,  in 
1S73,  to  a"  die  property  and  rights  of  the  Boston,  Hartford,  and  Erie  Rail- 
road Company,  which  had  itself  absorbed  the  Norfolk-county  Railroad,  the 
Southbridgc  and  Blackstone,  the  Midland,  the  Hartford,  Providence,  and 
Fishkill,  and  the  road  from  Brooklinc  to  Woonsocket.  It  now  owns  and 
operates  a  railroad  from  Boston  and  Providence,  through  Willimantic  and 
Hartford,  to  Fishkill-on -the-I  ludson,  connecting  there  with  the  Erie  Railway  ; 
from  Brooklinc,  Mass.,  to  Woonsocket,  R.I.;  and  branches  to  Southbridge, 
Dedliam,  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  Rockville,  Conn.  It  also  operates  under 
leases  the  Norwich  and  Worcester  Railroad  from  Worcester  to  Norwich  and 
Allvn's  Point,  and  thereby  controls  an  independent  Sound  line  of  steamers 
to  New  York;  the  Rhode-Island  and  Massachusetts  Railroad,  from  Frank- 
lin to  Valley  Palls,  making  a  direct  line  from  Boston  .to  Providence  without 
change  of  cars.  The  railroad  and  steamboat  lines  under  its  control  aggre- 
gate 579  miles.  By  means  of  the  transfer  steamer  "  Maryland, "  running 
between  Harlem  River  and  Jersey  City,  trains  with  Pullman  sleeping-cars 
are  run  through  to   Philadelphia  and  Washington  every  day,  starting  from 


JClNG^S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  51 

the  depot  on  Atlantic  Avenue  at  the  foot  of  Summer  Street  every  evening. 
Freight  is  transported  by  the  "  Maryland  "  without  breaking  bulk ;  and,  by 
connection  with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  at  Jersey  City,  a  large  amount  of 
through  Western  business  is  done  over  the  New-York  and  New-England 
road.  This  road,  starting  as  it  does  from  three  of  the  largest  New-England 
cities,  —  Boston,  Providence,  and  Worcester,  —  with  good  connections  for 
the  West,  its  all-rail  and  Sound  lines  for  passengers  and  freight  to  New 
York,  and  its  superior  terminal  facilities  at  tide-water  here,  has  certainly  a 
bright  future.  The  president  is  Gen.  James  H.  Wilson,  and  the  general 
manager  is  S.  M.  Felton,  jun. 

The  Boston,  Revere-Beach,  and  Lynn  Railroad  is  a  narrow-gauge  road, 
running  from  East  Boston  (connected  with  the  city  proper  by  ferries  that 
start  from  Atlantic  Avenue  at  the  foot  of  High  Street)  to  Lynn  along  the 
crest  of  Revere  Beach,  and  by  the  great  summer-resort  at  the  Point  of 
Pines.  This  magnificent  beach,  almost  five  miles  long,  is  dotted  at  short 
intervals  with  hotels,  many  of  which  have  gained  such  reputations  that 
thousands  of  people  are  attracted  to  them  daily  in  the  summer  season. 
Trains  run  hourly  during  the  day  and  evening,  and  carry  a  large  number  of 
passengers  travelling  for  pleasure.  The  three-feet  gauge  is  admirably 
adapted  to  the  purposes  of  the  road.  The  Boston,  Winthrop,  and  Point- 
Shirley  road  connects  with  this  road  at  Winthrop  Junction,  and  runs  thence 
to  the  watering-place  of  Ocean  Spray  in  the  town  of  Winthrop.  Edwin 
Walden  is  president;  John  A.  Fenno,  general  ticket-agent;  and  C.  A.  Ham- 
mond, superintendent. 

The  Railway  Clearing-House  Association  was  organized  in  May,  1878, 
for  the  purpose  of  keeping  a  complete  record  of  the  movements  of  all  cars 
on  the  New-England  railroads,  and  to  provide  for  the  settlement  of  bal- 
ances for  car-service  between  the  different  railroad  companies.  Its  affairs 
are  administered  by  an  executive  committee  elected  by  the  railroad  compa- 
nies of  New  England;  the  operating  expenses  being  shared  by  the  com- 
panies in  the  association,  on  the  basis  of  the  total  mileage  of  cars  on  each 
road.  The  movements  of  foreign  cars  coming  into  New  England,  as  well 
as  those  of  the  New-England  roads,  are  recorded  daily ;  and  at  the  close  of 
the  month  the  mileage  is  computed.  This  mileage  now  aggregates  about 
25,000,000  miles  each  month.  This  work,  of  course,  involves  an  immense 
amount  of  detail,  and  requires  the  services  of  over  sixty  clerks.  The  offices 
are  in  the  passenger-depot  of  the  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad.  The  present 
manager.  E.  B.  Hill,  was  the  originator  of  this  enterprise. 

The  Railroad  Business  of  Boston  is  shown  in  the  following  table,  com- 
piled from  the  Massachusetts  State  Commissioners'  reports  for  the  year 
ending  Sept.  30,  1881 :  — 


52 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


Railroads. 


Loco- 
motives. 


Passenger- 
Cars. 


Express,  and 
Mail  Cars. 


Freight  and 
other  Cars. 


Passengers 
carried. 


Tons 

of  Freight 

carried. 


Boston  and  Albany- 
Boston  and  Providence, 
Boston  and  Lowell . 
Old-Colony  .  .  „ 
Fitchburg  .... 
Eastern  .... 
Boston  and  Maine  . 

New- York    and    New 
England      .     .     . 

Boston,  Revere-Beach 
and  Lynn   .     .     . 


245 
St 
73 

"5 
98 

102 
86 

117 
7 


206 
in 

88 
225 

93 
*73 
150 

136 

28 


47 
18 

39 
43 
29 

44 

32 

39 


5.858 

802 

1,258 

2.159 
3.209 

1.954 
1.565 

3.3i8 

18 


7,524.138 
4,128,299 
2,789,785 
6,593.47* 
2,959,423 
6,604,087 
5,984,000 

4,536,082 

1,294,169 


3,415,329 
718,500 
1,162,854 
1,552,616 
1,822,262 

1,257,699 
904,966 

1.522,374 


Boston  has  been,  from  the  start,  a  commercial  city ;  and  its  commerce 
has  been  most  extensive.  The  first  ship  was  built  as  early  as  1631 ;  the 
quaint  records  of  the  early  day  stating,  under  the  date  of  July  4  of  that 
year,  "  The  Governour  built  a  bark  at  Mystick  which  was  launched  this  day 
and  called  the  Blessing  of  the  Bay."  The  first  regular  steamship  that  ar- 
rived in  Boston  from  across  the  Atlantic  was  the  "  Acadia,"  of  the  Cunard 
Line,  in  1840.  The  advantages  of  the  situation  of  the  city,  set  upon  a  har- 
bor deep,  capacious,  secure,  and  unobstructed  at  all  seasons  of  the  year, 
were  early  comprehended  by  the  people ;  and  the  shipping-interests  were 
fostered  and  extended  with  wise  judgment  and  great  rapidity.  Even  before 
the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  product  of  the  land  was  shipped  to 
Virginia,  the  West  Indies,  Great  Britain,  Portugal,  Spain,  and  Madeira,  in 
exchange  for  the  fruits,  wines,  and  manufactures  of  those  countries ;  and  the 
construction  of  wharves  on  a  systematic  scale  was  begun.  In  the  early  part 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  great  improvements  were  made  in  the  wharves,  and 
the  streets  leading  thereto.  Long  Wharf  had  been  built  since  1710,  and  was 
then  much  longer  than  it  now  is,  owing  to  the  filling-in  and  extension  of  the 
water-front.  The  building  of  Central  Wharf,  with  a  line  of  54  stores  four 
stories  high,  was  one  of  the  early  improvements  of  the  nineteenth  century; 
and  before  1850  the  whole  margin  of  the  city  on  the  east  and  north  was 
lined  with  about  200  docks  and  wharves,  affording  an  extent  of  wharfage  of 
over  five  miles,  with  fine  warehouses,  many  of  granite,  presenting  a  solid 
and  substantial  appearance.  Of  the  magnitude  of  some  of  these  wharves, 
a  few  figures  will  give  an  idea.     Before  the  building  of  Atlantic  Avenue, 


ICING'S  HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON.  53 

which  has  been  built  by  the  making  of  new  land  across  the  head  of  the 
wharves,  thus  shortening  their  length,  Long  Wharf  extended  1,800  feet  into 
the  harbor,  with  a  line  of  76  warehouses ;  Central  Wharf,  1,379  feet;  and 
India  Wharf,  980  feet.  Among  other  extensive  wharves  are  T,  Commer- 
cial, Lewis's,  Russia  (formerly  Griffin's  Wharf,  which  was  the  scene  of 
the  famous  "  tea-party "  in  the  early  days  of  resistance  to  British  oppres- 
sion), Battery,  and  Constitution  Wharves.  The  fine  deep-water  front  across 
the  harbor  on  the  East-Boston  side,  and  Constitution  Wharf  in  the  city 
proper,  accommodate  the  European  steamships.  In  East  Boston,  besides 
the  extensive  Grand-Junction  wharves  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  Rail- 
road, are  the  Cunard  Wharf,  and  the  wharves  of  the  National  Dock  and 
Warehouse  Company,  where  the  bulk  of  the  East-India  trade  is  done.  In 
the  Charlestown  district  the  water-front  is  taken  up  by  the  Navy  Yard, 
wharves  belonging  to  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  Company,  the  large  Mystic- 
river  Wharf  of  the  Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  Company,  with  its  grain 
and  coal  elevators,  and  the  wharf  of  the  Mystic-river  Corporation.  On  the 
south  side  of  the  harbor  the  filling-in  of  the  South-Boston  flats  is  rapidly 
advancing;  and  large  deep-water  docks  and  wharves,  with  railroad  freight- 
yards,  are  now  ready  to  accommodate  ocean  steamships  at  available  points 
along  the  entire  water-front. 

The  Shipping-interests  of  Boston  suffered  a  temporary  check  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  but  they  are  now  steadily  and  rapidly  improving; 
and  the  city  maintains  its  position  as  the  second  commercial  port  in  the 
Union.  There  are  now  ten  or  more  different  steamship-lines  to  Liverpool, 
Glasgow,  London,  Hull,  and  the  Continent ;  the  addition  of  the  Allan  Line 
having  added  important  Grand  Trunk  Railway  connections.  Ten  years  ago 
the  Cunard  steamships  were  the  only  transatlantic  ones  running  to  Boston, 
and  they  ran  but  once  a  fortnight.  There  are  also  regular  weekly  lines  to 
the  provinces  of  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince  Edward  Island; 
a  regular  line  to  the  Western  Islands;  and'coastwise  steamers  to  Philadel- 
phia, Savannah,  Baltimore,  Norfolk,  New  York,  and  Portland.  Among  new 
lines  projected  is  one  to  the  West  Indies.  The  export  trade  of  the  city  is 
steadily  progressing.  The  total  exports  for  1880  were'valued  at  $69,178,764, 
the  largest  on  record,  and  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  $14,051,144. 
The  total  imports  were  valued  at  $68,649,664,  an  increase  over  those  of  1879 
of  $20,097,355,  the  largest  except  in  1872. 

The  Cunard  Line  of  Atlantic  steamships  employs  six  vessels  in  its 
Boston  service,  —  the  Batavia,  Pavonia,  Parthia,  Catalonia,  Samaria,  and 
Cephalonia.  Sailing  days  from  this  port  are  Saturdays.  The  steamships 
are  stanch  and  capacious,  and  have  long  been  popular  with  the  travelling 
public.     The  company  has  adopted  a  "  lane  route  "  for  all  seasons,  with  the 


54  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

view  of  diminishing  the  chances  of  collision.  The  Cunard  docks  are  at 
the  foot  of  Clyde  Street,  East  Boston.  They  are  extensive  and  spacious, 
well  lighted,  and  thoroughly  equipped.  They  are  so  arranged  that  the  com- 
pany can  load  and  discharge  three  of  its  vessels  at  a  time.  They  are  cov- 
ered docks  with  railroad-tracks  running  into  them  along  three  sides,  and 
freight  is  received  from  the  cars  on  to  platforms.  The  arrangements  for  the 
transfer  of  emigrants  directly  from  the  incoming  steamers  to  west-bound 
cars  are  very  complete.  Their  transfer  through  the  city,  and  their  detention 
at  the  port,  are  thus  entirely  avoided.  The  business-offices  of  the  Cunard 
Company  are  at  No.  99  State  Street.  P.  H.  DuVernet  is  the  general 
manager. 

Peabody's  Australia,  New-Zealand,  and  South-Africa  Line  of  packets 
connects  this  port  with  all  ports  in  Australia  and  the  Cape.  It  is  under 
the  management  of  Henry  W.  Peabody  &  Co.,  the  only  Boston  house  in 
the  Australian  trade,  and  a  leading  one  of  those  in  the  Cape  trade.  Strictly 
A  1  vessels  are  despatched  monthly  to  Melbourne  and  Sydney,  and  some- 
what less  frequently  to  all  other  Australian  ports  and  the  Cape.  Freight  is 
received  from  all  offering,  in  the  same  manner  as  is  done  by  other  transpor 
tation  lines ;  but  the  larger  portion  is  made  up  of  purchases  by  the  house 
on  account  of  merchants  and  traders  in  the  colonies.  This  is  a  prominent 
feature  of  the  business  of  Peabody  &  Co.,  and  an  important  one  as  bearing 
on  the  export-trade  of  Boston.  The  house  comes  into  direct  contact  with 
its  customers  in  the  colonies  through  its  correspondents  there,  and  its  repre- 
sentatives who  make  periodical  trips  from  the  home  office.  Its  purchases 
for  export  are  extensive,  largely  of  the  products  of  New-England  manufac- 
tories ;  and  it  has  aided  in  building  up  between  the  ports  a  trade  already 
large  and  important,  and  steadily  increasing.  Forty  vessels  are  despatched 
yearly  to  the  several  Australasian  ports,  and  about  ten  to  the  Cape.  While 
the  Australian  trade  is  an  important  interest,  largely  connected  directly 
with  Boston,  that  of  the  Cape  is  particularly  a  Boston  trade  ;  and  goods  are 
delivered  there  from  this  port  cheaper  than  from  any  other.  Goods  are 
frequently  shipped  directly  from  the  manufactories  in  the  cars,  and  to  the 
vessels  from  the  cars  which  run  on  to  the  wharf.  The  vessels  of  the  line 
load  by  the  side  of  covered  sheds  ;  so  that  the  cargo  is  not  exposed  to  the 
weather,  an  advantage  of  no  little  importance.  This  firm  was  established 
in  1859.  ^  >s  composed  of  Henry  W.  Peabody,  who  has  long  been  in  the 
Australian  trade,  Edward  P.  Sargent,  and  Charles  D.  Barry.  Their  office 
is  at  114  State  Street,  and  their  packets  generally  sail  from  Lewis  Wharf. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  trans-Atlantic,  Peninsular,  Mediterranean,  and 
Oriental  steamers  consists  of  a  fleet  of  42  full-powered  iron  steamers  of  the 
highest  class,  all  Clyde-built,  commanded  by  men  of  large  experience  trained 
in  the  service.     Founded  in  1852  by  the  present  managing  owner,  Thomas 


ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  55 

Henderson,  the  line  has  grown  from  insignificance  to  its  present  gigantic 
proportions.  Beside  the  steamship  business,  the  Messrs.  Henderson  own 
the  Meadowside  ship-building  yard  and  graving-dock  on  the  Clyde,  and 
one  of  the  largest  engineering  works  in  Glasgow,  where  they  now  build 
and  equip  steamers  for  their  various  trades.  The  Boston  steamers  are  de- 
spatched from  Commonwealth  Dock,  South  Boston,  for  London  every  fort- 
night, and  for  Glasgow  every  fortnight.  The  agents  are  Henderson  Brothers, 
7  and  9  State  Street. 

The  Allan  Line  of  Atlantic  steamships,  sailing  between  this  and  Cana- 
dian ports  and  Londonderry  and  Liverpool,  employs  a  large  fleet  of  double- 
engine,  Clyde-built,  iron  vessels,  constructed  in  water-tight  compartments, 
and  noted  for  their  strength,  speed,  and  comfort.  Under  an  arrangement 
made  in  the  winter  of  1880-81,  its  entire  fleet  of  large  steamers,  including 
the  new  "  Parisian,"  one  of  the  finest  steamships  in  the  Atlantic  service,  sail, 
from  this  port  between  the  months  of  December  and  May ;  and  during  the 
summer  months  six  sail  from  Boston,  —  all  passenger  and  freight  steamers, 
—  the  others  from  Quebec.  The  pier  of  the  Allan  Line  is  at  No.  1  Grand 
Junction  Wharves,  East  Boston,  and  is  large  and  commodious,  with  ample 
and  improved  facilities  for  loading  and  discharging  cargoes  rapidly.  The 
line  also  employs  a  fleet  of  fourteen  stanch  Clyde-built  iron  clipper  ships. 
The  business  offices  of  the  company  are  at  No.  80  State  Street.  The  resi- 
dent managers  are  John  S.  Allan  and  Hugh  A.  Allan. 

Besides  the  lines  mentioned  above,  all  of  which  reach  Boston,  there  is  a 
vast  business  done  through  lines  having  their  terminal  stations  in  New  York 
and  elsewhere.  For  instance,  C.  L.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  115  State  Street,  repre- 
sent the  White  Star  Line  to  Liverpool,  famous  for  its  immense  and  com- 
fortable steamships ;  the  Atlas  Mail  Line  to  Jamaica,  Hayti,  Porto  Rico,  and 
ports  of  the  Spanish  Main  and  South  Pacific;  the  Red  Star  Line  to  Ant- 
werp; the  Florio  Line  to  the  Italian  ports;  the  Pacific  Mail  Line  to  Cali- 
fornia, Japan,  China,  Australia,  etc. ;  and  packets  to  the  Azores,  Madeira, 
and  other  foreign  ports.  Their  freight  and  passengers  are  booked  in  Bos- 
ton, and  may  therefore  be  included  in  the  commerce  of  this  city.  The  firm 
of  C.  L.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  now  composed  of  Edward  A.  Adams  solely,  is  one 
of  the  oldest  of  steamship-agents,  ship-brokers,  and  commission-merchants, 
in  the  city,  having  been  established  in  1849.  They  also  handle  and  disburse 
sailing  vessels  or  steamers  consigned  to  them  in  Boston. 

The  Leyland  Line  has  a  fleet  of  ten  large  steamships,  plying  between 
Boston  and  Liverpool,  and  carrying  vast  quantities  of  freight.  They  dis- 
charge at  the  Hoosac-Tunnel  docks. 

The  North-American  Line  has  four  steamships,  of  medium  size,  and 
carries  heavy  cargoes  of  freight  between  Boston  (New-York  and  New- 
England  Docks,  South  Boston)  and  West  Hartlepool,  which  is  an  important 


56  KING'S   HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

port  on  the  east  of  England,  near  York  and  Leeds.  Their  vessels  sail 
every  ten  days. 

The  Metropolitan  Line  has  four  steamships,  of  over  1,800  tons  each, 
which  ply  tri-weekly  between  Boston  and  New  York,  by  the  outside  route. 
This  company  also  has  fire-proof  buildings  for  general  storage,  covering 
about  100,000  square  feet,  between  Central  Wharf  and  India  Wharf. 

The  Warren  Line  has  six  new  steamships  of  large  size,  specially  con- 
structed for  this  trade,  and  plying  between  the  Grand  Junction  Wharves 
and  Liverpool.  There  are  also  thirteen  steamships  in  the  Wilson  Line, 
between  Boston  and  Hull,  with  a  fortnightly  service.  The  White-Cross 
Line,  from  Boston  (New- York  and  New-England  Docks)  to  Antwerp,  has  a 
fleet  of  six  steamships.  There  are  also  six  steamships  plying  between 
Boston  and  London;  and  twenty  British,  German,  French,  and  Danish 
steamers  running  irregularly  from  this  port  to  Cuba  and  the  Mediterranean. 

In  1880,  330  steamships  sailed  from  Boston  for  European  ports  ;  in  1881, 
325;  and  in  1882  but  208.  Freighting  was  very  dull  during  the  summer  of 
1882,  and  several  of  the  ships  were  used  to  transport  British  troops  to 
Egypt.  In  1882,  2,676  vessels  cleared  hence  for  foreign  ports,  and  2,745 
vessels  arrived.  One-fifth  of  these  were  American.  The  exports  for  the 
year  exceeded  $71,000,000;  the  imports,  $56,000,000. 

There  are  nearly  thirty  steam-tugs  in  Boston  Harbor,  besides  four  pow- 
erful ocean  wrecking-tugs,  five  steam  lighters,  three  floating  elevators,  and 
three  large  grain-barges.  The  pilot  service  includes  nine  boats  and  thirty- 
one  pilots,  and  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  in  the  world.  It  is  governed  by 
very  stringent  laws;  and  inbound  vessels  must  be  brought  up  into  the 
stream,  or  to  the  wharves,  while  those  outward  bound  must  be  taken  be- 
yond Fort  Warren. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  57 


hotels  anti  Ecstattrants. 

THE    PRINCIPAL    TRANSIENT    AND    FAMILY    HOTELS,    THE 
RESTAURANTS    AND    CAFES. 

THE  first  tavern  in  Boston  is  said  to  have  been  opened  in  1634,  by^Sam- 
uel  Cole,  on  Merchants'  Row.  During  the  seventeenth  century  the 
leading  taverns  were  the  State  Arms,  the  Ship,  the  King's  Arms,  the  Castle, 
the  Red  Lion,  the  King's  Head,  and  the  Green  Dragon ;  most  of  which 
were  at  the  North  End.  Histories  tell  some  droll  stories  of  these  old  tav- 
erns. In  the  last  century  the  most  celebrated  houses  were  the  British 
Coffee  House,  the  Royal  Exchange,  the  Roebuck  Coffee  House,  and  the 
Green  Dragon  Tavern;  the  latter  being  the  headquarters  of  the  Liberty 
Boys.  When  coaches  came  into  vogue,  such  houses  as  Earl's,  the  Elm- 
street,  the  Eastern  Stage,  and  the  City  Tavern  were  opened:  the  latter, 
situated  on  Brattle  Street,  was  owned  by  Simeon  Boyden,  who  has  been 
called  the  "father  of  the  hotel  system  of  the  United  States."  The  Boston 
Exchange  was  built  on  Devonshire  Street  in  ]So4,  and  burned  in  1S1S, 
when  the  conflagration  is  said  to  have  interrupted  a  game  of  cards  in  which 
Henry  Clay  held  three  aces.  The  Lion,  the  Lamb,  the  Pearl-street  House, 
Hatch's,  the  Commercial  Coffee  House,  and  the  Sun  Tavern  became 
famous  hostelries  and  places  of  resort.  Succeeding  these  came  the  Marl- 
borough, the  Albion,  the  Bromfield,  and  others ;  some  of  which,  although 
still  standing,  have  outlived  their  pre-eminence.  But  it  is  regarding  the 
hotels  of  the  present  time  that  the  reader  is  to  be  informed.  Until  within 
a  few  years  visitors  sought  hotel  accommodations  almost  wholly  in  what  is 
now  the  heart  of  the  business  district ;  but  since  the  completion  of  Boston's 
two  most  famous  hotels,  —  the  grand  Hotel  Brunswick,  erected  in  1874,  and 
the  palatial  Hotel  Vendome,  erected  in  1880,  —  the  wealthier  class  of  visitors 
seek  the  magnificent  accommodations  offered  by  those  hotels,  situated  in 
one  of  the  finest  residence  districts  in  the  city,'  and  surrounded  by  note- 
worthy public  buildings,  broad  thoroughfares,  and  attractive  parks. 

The  Vendome  is  the  newest  hotel  in  Boston,  and  one  of  the  most  pala- 
tial and  most  elaborately  furnished  hotels  in  the  world.  Its  main  front  is 
on  the  most  beautiful  American  thoroughfare,  —  Commonwealth  Avenue, — 
which  bisects  the  Back-bay  district,  one  of  the  finest  architectural  sections 
to  be  found  in  any  country.  This  avenue  is  240  feet  wide ;  through  its 
centre  is  a  strip  of  park-land  100  feet  wide,  lined  with  trees  and  shrubs,  and 


58  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

containing  the  Hamilton  and   Glover  statues.      It  is  to  be  constantly  im- 
proved.    The  Vendome  front  on  Commonwealth  Avenue  extends  240  feet, 
and  the  front  on  Dartmouth  Street  125  feet.     Including  the  mansard  roof  and 
the  basement,  it  is  eight  stories  in  height.     The  fronts  are  of  white  Tucka- 
hoe  and  Italian  marble,  the  windows  and  doors  having  elaborate  carvings. 
The  roof  and  towers  are  of  wrought  iron  covered  with  slate.     The  floors 
are  laid  upon  iron  beams  and  brick  arches  ;  and  all  interior  partitions  are 
of  strictly  incombustible  material.     On  the  first  floor  are  the  various  public 
rooms,  five  dining-rooms,  an  elegant  banquet-hall  30  by  110  feet,  and  the 
grand  parlors ;  all  reached  by  the  main  entrance  and  by  a  private  entrance 
on  Commonwealth  Avenue,  so  that  clubs  and  parties  can  be  served  without 
interference   with   the  ordinary   business  of   the  hotel.     There  is  also  an 
entrance  for  ladies  on  Dartmouth  Street.     The  rotunda  is  paved  with  En- 
glish encaustic  tiles,  in  colors  and  patterns  harmonizing  with  the  furnish- 
ings, and  is  most  exquisitely  finished  in  hard  woods,  cathedral  glass,  and 
fresco-work.     The  great  dining-hall,  with   seats  for  320  persons,  is  richly 
adorned  with  mirrors,  carved  mahogany  and  cherry  wood,  frescos,  and  a 
handsome  frieze.     Each  of  the  six  upper  stories  contains  seventy  rooms, 
grouped  so  as   to  be  used  singly  or  in  suites.     Two  celebrated  Whittier 
passenger,  one  baggage,  and  several  small  elevators  for  special  purposes, 
provide  ample  facilities  for  transit  up  and  down.     The  plumbing-work  is 
almost  marvellous ;  for  every  improvement  to  secure  health  and  comfort  has 
been  introduced.     Every  apartment  has  access  to  a  spacious   bath-room, 
which,  as  well  as  every  gas-fixture,  has  its   independent  ventilating-tubes. 
No  open  basins  are  placed  in  chambers,  all  being  shut  off  in  the  closets 
adjoining.      Every  room    is    provided  with    open  fire-places,  although   the 
whole  building  is  heated  by  steam.     The  registers  serve  a  double  purpose, 
—  supplying  either  ventilation  or  warmth,  the  change  being  made  by  simply 
turning  the  knob  to  the  right  or  to  the  left.     In  short,  there  is  hardly  an 
improvement  of  modern  times  that  has  not  been  introduced  into  this  noble 
edifice.     The  furniture,  too,  in  every  room,  on  all  floors,  is  luxurious  ;  the 
parlors  being  as  beautifully  furnished  and  as  handsomely  decorated  as  those 
of  any  American  hotel.     The  Vendome  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan, 
the  charges  being  $5  per  day.     It  was  built  by  Charles  Whitney,  a  wealthy 
citizen  of  Boston,  at  a  cost  of  a  million  dollars,  expressly  for  Col.  J.  W. 
Wolcott,  who  is  to-day  recognized  as  the  peer  of  any  hotel  landlord,  and 
who  has  in  his  several  hotels  entertained  a  host  of  eminent  personages. 

The  Hotel  Brunswick,  situated  on  Boylston  Street,  corner  of  Clarendon, 
is  one  of  the  grandest,  pleasantest,  and  most  handsomely  furnished  hotels 
in  the  world.  Its  site  is  very  delightful  and  easily  accessible.  It  is  just 
across  the  street  from  Trinity  Church,  the  Institute  of  Technology,  and  the 
Society  of  Natural  History,  and  is  within  a  few  minutes'  walk  of  the  Mu- 


I 
o 

H 

m 

r 

< 

m 
z 
o 
O 


59  ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

seum  of  Fine  Arts,  Public  Garden,  Boston  Common,  Boston  Art  Club, 
Mechanics'  Association  building,  and  several  of  the  new  church  edifices, 
among  which  are  the  New  '-Old  South,"  Arlington-street.  First  Church, 
Central,  and  Emmanuel.  It  is  as  convenient  to  depots  and  all  parts  of  the 
city  as  are  any  of  the  old  hotels.  Boylston  Street,  on  which  the  Brunswick 
fronts,  is  a  tine  thoroughfare  yo  feet  wide.  The  "  Beacon-street."'  the 
"  Huntington-avenue,"  the  ;i  Belt  Line,"  the  "  Dartmouth-street,"  and  all 
Back-bay  cars  pass  directly  in  front  of  the  hotel;  and  other  lines  of  cars  run 
close  by.  The  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  American  plan,  the  terms  being 
S5.00  per  day.  The  Brunswick  building,  designed  by  Peabody  &  Stearns,  the 
Boston  architects,  is  essentially  fireproof.  It  covers  more  than  half  an  acre 
of  ground,  is  224  by  125  feet,  six  stories  high,  with  basement,  and  contains  350 
rooms.  The  chambers  are  supplied  with  all  modern  conveniences  :  every 
apartment  has  hot  and  cold  water,  and  every  suite  a  bath-room.  The 
Whittier  passenger-elevator  is  one  of  the  most  luxurious  in  Boston. 
The  structure  is  of  brick,  with  heavy  sandstone  trimmings.  The  principal 
finish  of  the  first  two  stories  is  of  black  walnut.  On  the  right  of  the  prin- 
cipal entrance  are  two  parlors  for  the  use  of  ladies,  and  on  the  left  of 
the  main  entrance  is  the  gentlemen's  parlor.  The  ladies'  parlors  were 
wholly  refurnished  in  1SS1,  and  are  now  probably  the  handsomest  hotel 
parlors  in  this  country.  On  the  easterly  side  of  the  house  is  the  new 
dining-hall,  dedicated  upon  Whittier's  seventieth  birthday,  when  the 
proprietors  of  "The  Atlantic  Monthly"  gave  the  dinner  at  which  so 
many  noied  American  writers  were  present.  On  the  right  of  the  ladies' 
entrance  is  the  large  dining-hall,  80  feet  long  by  48  feet  wide.  Both  dining- 
halls  have  marble-tile  floors,  the  walls  being  Pompeiian  red,  and  the  ceiling 
frescoed  to  correspond.  The  five  stories  above  are  divided  into  suites  and 
single  rooms,  all  conveniently  arranged,  and  provided  with  every  modern 
improvement,  including  open  fire-places,  besides  steam-heating  apparatus. 
Every  thing  seems  to  have  been  done  to  make  the  house  homelike,  com- 
fortable, and  attractive,  and  free  from  the  usual  cheerless  appearance  of 
hotels.  The  cost  of  the  building  was  nearly  a  million  dollars.  It  was  built 
in  1874,  an(l  enlarged  in  1S76.  President  Hayes,  when  attending  the  Har- 
vard Commencement  in  1S77,  with  his  family  and  suite,  occupied  rooms  at 
the  Brunswick.  The  rooms  were  entirely  refurnished,  and  the  hotel  elabo- 
rately decorated,  for  the  occasion.  At  this  hotel  Gen.  Grant  was  given  a 
complimentary  banquet  on  the  return  from  his  trip  around  the  world.  Ex- 
Govs.  Rice  and  Talbot  reside  at  this  hotel.  Many  of  the  Harvard  classes, 
the  alumni  of  Bowdoin  College  and  of  Williams  College,  the  Bar  Associa- 
tion of  Boston,  and  several  literary  and  social  organizations,  have  selected 
this  as  the  place  for  their  annual  dinners. 

Ever  since  the  Brunswick  has  been  open  it  has   been   filled  with   the 


60  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

wealthiest  class  of  transient  and  permanent  guests;  the  former  including  a 
good  part  of  the  distinguished  people  who  have  been  in  Boston  during  the 
past  seven  years,  —  the  Dukes  of  Argyll  and  Sutherland,  President  Arthur, 
and  others,  —  and  the  latter  including  many  of  the  best-known  citizens. 
The  proprietors  are  Amos  Barnes  and  John  W.  Dunklee,  under  whose 
management  the  Brunswick  has  become  one  of  the  most  famous  hotels  of 
modern  times. 

The  Parker  House  fronts  on  School  and  Tremont  Streets.  It  was 
founded  in  1854  by  Harvey  D.  Parker,  and  is  a  large  six-story  marble-front 
edifice,  containing  260  rooms,  including  many  large  drawing-rooms  and 
suites.  The  price  of  rooms  ranges  from  $1  to  $5,  and  of  suites  from  $8  to 
.St 2  per  day.  The  house  is  on  the  European  plan,  and  the  restaurant  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  country.  The  cafe  is  the  rendezvous  and  exchange 
for  politicians  and  business-men  on  all  occasions;  while  at  times,  such  as 
election  night,  the  lobby  becomes  the  resort  of  crowds,  and  presents  an 
animated  scene.  The  Parker  House  has  been  one  of  the  most  successful 
of  American  hotels;  and  in  November,  1882,  a  great  banquet  was  given 
here  to  celebrate  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Mr.  Parker's  embarkation  in 
business,  which  occurred  in  a  restaurant  under  Tudor's  Building  in  Court 
Square.  John  F.  Mills  was  Mr.  Parker's  partner  from  1S48  until  nearly 
1880:  and  his  present  associates  are  Messrs.  Joseph  H.  Beckman  and 
Edward  O.  Punchard,  both  of  whom  are  experienced  hotel-men.  Many 
very  eminent  guests  have  availed  themselves  of  the  hospitalities  of  this 
house,  whose  central  location,  sumptuous  equipment,  and  ancient  prestige 
sifive  it  a  strong  claim  on  popular  favor.  In  1882  the  Parker  House  was 
refurnished  and  redecorated,  and  made  ready  for  another  long  period  of 
usefulness.  Conspicuous  among  the  snug  dinner-parties  which  are  given 
in  the  private  dining-rooms  up-stairs,  are  those  of  the  Agricultural.  Literary, 
Bird,  Boston,  and  other  organizations,  which  devote  a  part  of  each  Saturday 
to  good  living  and  fine  rhetoric,  and  free  exchange  of  views  on  political,  com- 
mercial, and  other  events.  Contiguous  to  the  main  entrance  and  office  are 
the  telegraph  and  telephone  offices,  news-stand,  and  theatre-ticket  office;  and 
beyond  is  the  great  dining-room  for  gentlemen,  which  affords  a  busy  scene 
about  noonday,  when  hundreds  of  merchants  and  business-men  are  dining 
here.  The  cafe  for  ladies  is  on  the  School-street  side;  the  lunch-room  and 
the  famous  billiard-room  are  in  the  basement.  Parker's  is  one  of  the  great 
institutions  of  Boston:  and  at  times  of  popular  excitement  the  focus  of 
interest  is  here,  where  the  telegrams  come  in  rapidly,  and  the  political 
leaders  of  the  people  congregate  to  exchange  views.  Starting  from  modest 
beginnings,  this  hotel  has  grown  to  imposing  proportions,  keeping  pace 
with  the  improvements  of  the  times,  and  gaining  wider  and  wider  fame 
throughout  the  world.      While  several  great  hotels  of  the  first  rank  have 


THE     PARKER     HOUSE. 
School    Street. 


Harvey  D    Parker. 


Joseph  H.   Beckman. 


Edward  O.   Punchard 


6 1  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

risen  in  other  parts  of  the  town,  Parker's  has  continued  to  hold  and  increase 
its  old  patronage,  —  the  taste  for  hotel-life  in  Boston  seeming  to  increase 
more  rapidly  than  the  accommodations. 

Young's  Hotel  is  another  of  the  favorite  houses  for  business-men, 
situated  in  the  business  section  of  the  city,  and  famed  for  its  cuisine  and 
the  excellence  of  its  appointments.  It  stands  near  the  head  of  State  Street, 
directly  in  the  rear  of  the  new  Rogers  Building  on  Washington  Street.  It 
is  approached  from  Washington  Street  by  avenues  on  either  side  of  the 
Rogers  Building;  and  it  also  has  an  entrance  on  Court  Square,  opposite 
the  County  Court  House ;  and  a  new  and  ornamental  one,  known  as  the 
ladies'  entrance,  on  Court  Street,  in  a  new  wing  of  the  house,  built  on 
during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1882.  The  house  is  very  large;  the  new 
and  lofty  wing  just  added  more  than  doubling  its  capacity,  and  furnishing  a 
handsome  front,  architecturally  fine,  and  imposing  in  general  appearance. 
The  old  portion  is  of  brick,  with  stone  trimmings  ;  and  the  new  portion  on 
Court  Square  and  Court  Street  is  of  stone,  with  highly  ornamented  front, 
and  towering  two  stories  above  the  lofty  Sears  Building  adjoining.  The 
house  now  contains  over  300  rooms,  with  a  large  number  of  sumptuously 
furnished  suites.  The  prices  range  from  $1  to  $3  for  single  rooms,  according 
to  location,  and  from  $8  to  $  12  for  suites.  A  large  amount  of  the  first-floor 
space  is  utilized  for  dining-rooms  and  cafe.  The  large  dining-room  in  the 
old  part  of  the  house  is  elaborately  decorated,  and  the  ladies'  dining-room  in 
the  new  part  is  one  of  the  most  elaborately  finished  and  furnished  in  the 
city.  Young's  is  also  a  famous  dining-place.  It  has  many  private  dining- 
rooms,  and  several  of  the  dining-clubs  have  their  headquarters  here.  '  Of 
these  the  Massachusetts,  Middlesex,  and  Essex  clubs  have  rooms  of  their 
own,  meeting  regularly  on  Saturday  afternoons  at  dinner,  during  the  winter, 
spring,  and  autumn  seasons.  The  house  was  founded  by  George  Young, 
whose  name  it  bears.  Mr.  Young  retired  from  business  several  years  ago, 
having  earned  a  competence  here;  and  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present 
proprietors,  George  G.  Hall  and  Joseph  R.  Whipple,  under  the  firm-name 
of  Hall  &  Whipple.  The  great  changes  and  enlargement  of  the  house  have 
been  made  during  the  proprietorship  of  the  latter  firm.  Messrs.  Hall  & 
Whipple  are  increasing  their  hotel  interests  in  the  city  by  establishing  a 
second  hotel  on  Washington  Street,  No.  555,  marble  front,  seven  stories 
high,  just  beyond  the  Boston  Theatre,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Adams  House, 
which  itself  long  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Lamb  Tavern,  from  which  the  first 
stage  to  Providence  started  in  the  early  days  when  railroads  were  unknown. 
This  is  to  be  one  of  the  finest  and  best-equipped  hotels  in  the  city,  of  which 
its  dining-rooms  and  cafe  will  be,  as  in  the  present  Young's  Hotel,  con- 
spicuous features.  The  new  house  will  be  opened  during  the  fall  of  1883, 
and,  like  Young's,  will  be  on  the  European  plan,  with  every  modern  im- 
provement. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


6lA 


The  United-States  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  of  the  well-established 
hotels  of  the  city.  Its  fame  is  wide-spread.  Its  seal  dates  back  to  1826; 
and  from  that  early  date  to  the  present  it  has  been  maintained  up  to  the 
best  standard,  but  never  better  than  now.  It  is  situated  directly  opposite 
the  station  of  the  old  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad,  -within  two  blocks  of  the 
Old-Colony  Railroad,  only  a  short  distance  from  the  New-York  and  New- 
England  Railroad  station,  and  not  far  from  the  retail  portions  of  the  city 
and  the  great  commercial  centres,  The  street-car  service  of  the  city  sur- 
rounds it  with  its  network  of  lines  radiating  to  all  parts  of  the  city  and 
suburbs ;  it  is  near  the  seashore  lines  of  steamboats,  and  its  location  is  in 
other  respects  unusually  convenient  for  the  travelling  public.  It  was  built 
before  the  establishment  of  the  great  railroad  system  which  gave  such  an 
impetus  to  the  business  interests  of  Boston  ;  but,  anticipating  the  changes 
to  be  wrought 
in  the  immedi- 
ate future,  its 
projectors  se- 
lected its  site 
wth  rare  fore- 
sight. When 
it  was  built,  it 
was  the  largest 
hotel  in  the 
city,  and  was 
regarded  as  a 
noteworthy  ac- 
cession to  the 
public  build- 
ings    of     the 

place.  It  has  since  been  twice  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  an  entire  block 
on  Lincoln  Street  and  another  on  Kingston  Street,  named  respectively 
"Oregon"  and  "Texas,"  as  they  were  built  at  the  time  these  States  were 
admitted  into  the  Union.  The  property  now  covers  the  entire  square,  nearly 
two  acres  of  ground,  enclosing  generous  areas  for  light  and  air  half  an  acre 
in  extent.  The  house  is  built  of  brick,  with  broad  and  inviting  entrances ; 
is  but  three  stories  high ;  its  five  hundred  rooms  are  exceptionally  large  and 
comfortable,  well  ventilated,  and  all  open  to  the  sunlight;  its  public  rooms, 
spacious  and  high  studded  ;  and  its  broad  halls,  extending  through  the  entire 
front  and  wings,  giving  plenty  of  light  and  air  throughout  the  building.  For 
many  years  it  was  the  favorite  stopping-place  of  the  distinguished  men  of 
the  country  coming  from  time  to  time  to  Boston.  Daniel  Webster  for  a 
while  lived  here.     Here  Charles  Sumner  entertained  Dickens ;  and  many 


United-States   Hotel,    Beach  and   Lincoln  Streets. 


62 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


noteworthy  and  elegant  banquets  have  been  given  in  its  spacious  dining- 
hall.  Of  late  years  families  owning  country  places,  and  others,  have  made 
it  their  city  winter  residence,  while  it  has  continued  to  be  steadily  popular 
with  transient  guests.  A  few  years  ago  the  house  passed  into  the  hands 
of  the  Hon.  Tilly  Haynes,  a  well-known  gentleman,  formerly  of  Spring- 
field, who  has  served  as  a  State  senator  and  in  the  executive  council ;  and 
he  has  so  completely  restored,  rebuilt,  and  refurnished  it  that  it  has  again 
taken  a  front  rank  among  the  notable  public  houses  of  the  city. 

The  Tremont  House,  on  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Beacon  Streets,  was 
the  pioneer  first-class  hotel  in  America.  It  was  built  in  1830,  by  a  company 
of  Boston  capitalists,  and  in  1859  was  purchased  for  the  Sears  estate.  It  is 
a  solid  granite  structure  on  the  front,  with  an  imposing  porch  at  the  main 
entrance  on  Tremont  Street  with  five  granite  pillars.  It  has  been  from 
time  to  time  enlarged,  until  now  it  occupies  the  entire  block  bounded  by 
Tremont  and  Beacon  Streets,  Tremont  Place,  and  the  Granary  Burying- 
Ground,  between  which  and  the  hotel  there  is  a  narrow  passage-way  from 
Tremont  Place  to  Tremont  Street  for  foot-passengers.  The  interior  of  the 
house  is  plain,  and  it  has  an  air  of  quiet  comfort  which  is  very  refreshing  to 
the  entering  guest.  The  large  parlors  on  the  main  floor  have  a  pleasant 
look-out  into  the  busy  thoroughfare.  The  dining-rooms  and  halls  are  lighted 
by  the  electric  light.  The  proprietors  are  Silas  Gurney  &  Co.  The  house 
is  conducted  on  the  American  plan.  The  prices  are  from  $3.50  to  $4.50  per 
day.  It  is  patronized  largely  by, families,  and  its  many  family  suites  are 
pleasantly  situated  and  arranged. 

The  American  House,  No.  56  Hanover  Street,  Lewis  Rice  &  Son,  pro- 
prietors, is  the  leading 
business  -  house  of  the 
city  kept  on  the  Ameri- 
can plan.  It  was  first 
opened  in  1835,  and  was 
entirely  rebuilt  in  1851, 
covering  the  sites  of  the 
old  American  House, 
Hanover  House,  Earl's, 
and  Merchants'  Hotels. 
On  part  of  this  ground 
stood  the  home  of  Gen. 
Warren.  Additions  and 
improvements  have  often 
been  made ;  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  largest,  as  it  is  reputed  to  be  one  of 
the  best-managed,  hotels  in  New  England.  It  is  finely  furnished,  has  wide 
corridors,  spacious  public  drawing-rooms,  and  all  modern  improvements  for 


American  House,   Hanover  Street. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


63 


the  comfort  and  convenience  of  its  guests.  The  first  passenger-elevator  in 
Boston  was  constructed  for  this  house.  It  has  always  borne  an  excellent 
reputation,  and  has  long  been  the  headquarters  of  the  shoe-and-leather  trade, 
and  a  popular  resort  for  Western  and  Southern  merchants.  It  has  fine 
family  suites,  and  is  conveniently  situated  for  business  or  pleasure.  The 
prices  are  from  $3.00  to  $4.00  per  day.  The  original  American  House  and 
the  present  one  have  been,  during  forty  consecutive  years,  under  the  man- 
agement of  the  late  Lewis  Rice  and  his  son  Henry  B.  Rice.  Under  their 
management  the  hotel  has  always  proven  to  be  satisfactory  to  the  thousands 
of  guests  whom  they  have  provided  for. 

The  Revere  House,  on  Bowdoin  Square,  is  a  large  and  well-appointed 
hotel  on  the  American  plan,  having  accommodations  for  250  guests,  and 
charging  $3.00  to  $4.00  a  day,  according  to  the  location  of  rooms.     It  was 
built  in  1847  by  a  company  of 
prominent  gentlemen,  and  was 
named  after  the  Revolution- 
ary hero  Paul  Revere.     For 
many  years  it  was  under  the 
management    of    Paran    Ste- 
vens, who  was  also  lessee  of 
the    Fifth  -  avenue    Hotel    in 
New    York,   and    the    Conti- 
nental Hotel  in  Philadelphia. 
The    Revere    House   is   one 
of  the  most  comfortable  and 
homelike  hotels  in  the  coun- 
try, and  the  cuisine  is  equal  to  that  of  any  hotel  in  New  England.     Many 
public  banquets  are  given  at  this  house.     Club  and  class  dinners  are  made 
a  specialty,  and  the  house  has  the  reputation  of  serving  them  in  the  most 
elegant  manner.     There  are  large  reception-rooms,  private  parlors,  and  all 
other  public  apartments  usually  found  in  first-class  hotels.      Precautions 
have  been  taken  to  guard  against  fire;  and  elevators,  corridors,  and  stair- 
cases extending  through  the  house,  render  it  easy  of  exit.     Bowdoin  Square, 
on  which  the  house  fronts,  is  a  street-car  centre.      Among  the  distinguished 
people  who  have  stopped  here  are  President  Grant,  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
King  Kalakaua,  the  Emperor  Dom  Pedro,  the  Grand  Duke  Alexis,  Jenny 
Lind,  Christine  Nilsson,  Adelma  Patti,  Parepa  Rosa,  and  Theresa  Titiens. 
The  proprietor  is  C.  B.  Ferrin,  who  for  many  years  was  connected  with  the 
Parker  House  of  Boston,  and  for  ten  years  previous  to  his  return  to  Boston, 
and  establishment  at  the  Revere,  was  proprietor  of  the  Westminster  Hotel 
of  New  York,  on  Sixteenth  Street  and  Irving  Place 
Revere  is  the  home  of  many  families. 


Revere  House,   Bowdoin  Square. 


During  the  winter  the 


64  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

Other  Hotels,  about  150  in  number,  of  various  grades,  are  in  almost 
every  part  of  the  city.  Among  the  better  class  in  the  city  proper  are  the 
Commonwealth  Hotel,  1697  Washington  Street,  kept  by  Carter  &  Brugh ; 
the  Crawford  House,  corner  of  Brattle  and  Court  Streets,  by  Stumcke  & 
Goodwin ;  the  Quiney  House,  corner  of  Brattle  Street  and  Brattle  Square, 
by  James  W.  Johnson  &  Co.;  the  Creighton  House,  245  Tremont  Street,  by 
William  Hill ;  the  International  Hotel,  625  Washington  Street,  by  G.  R. 
Reichardt ;  the  New  Marlborough  Hotel,  736  Washington  Street,  by  J. 
Robertson;  the  Metropolitan  Hotel,  1166  Washington  Street,  by  F.  S. 
Brockway;  the  Sherman  House,  Court  Square,  by  Thomas  L.  Smith;  and 
the  New-England  House,  corner  Clinton  and  Blackstone  Streets,  by  Josiah 
T.  Wilson.  In  East  Boston  is  the  Maverick  House,  Maverick  Square;  in 
the  Roxbury  District,  the  Norfolk  House,  Eliot  Square,  by  Charles  A. 
Jones;  and  in  the  Brighton  District,  the  Cattle-Fair  Hotel,  Washington 
Street,  by  James  I.  Nesmith. 

The  "  French  flat,"  or  Continental  system  of  dwellings,  sometimes  called 
"family  hotels,"  —  a  single  tenement  occupying  the  whole  or  part  of  a  floor, 
instead  of  several  floors  in  a  house, — gained  its  foothold  in  America  by 
its  introduction  in  Boston.  Before  the  annexation  of  the  surrounding 
districts,  Boston  is  said  to  have  been  the  most  densely  populated  city  in 
America;  and  there  was  a  natural  demand  for  economy  in  space.  The  first 
building  of  the  "  French  flats,"  or  "  family  hotel,"  class  was  the  Hotel 
Pelham,  at  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Boylston  Streets,  built  by  Dr.  John 
H.  Dix  about  twenty  years  ago.  At  the  widening  of  Tremont  Street,  this 
building  was  raised  up  bodily,  and  moved  about  twenty  feet  down  Boylston 
Street,  without  disturbing  the  occupants,  or  in  the  least  disarranging  the 
interior,  —  a  feat  of  engineering  regarded  at  the  time  as  most  remarkable, 
being  the  first  instance  of  the  moving  of  such  a  large  mass  of  masonry. 
This  style  of  dwelling  rapidly  increased  in  popularity,  and  now  their  number 
is  so  great  that  is  hardly  practicable  to  mention  them  here.  They  range 
from  the  most  palatial  and  elegant  structures,  equally  beautiful  in  exterior 
and  interior  decorations,  to  plain  and  comfortable  houses  adapted  for  people 
of  moderate  means.  The  greater  portion  of  the  costly  class  have  passenger- 
elevators.  The  price  paid  for  the  rent  of  a  dwelling  generally  includes 
the  steam-heat  and  the  service  of  the  janitor,  who  performs  the  heaviest 
drudgery.  Among  the  most  prominent  of  these  houses  are  the  Hotel 
Pelham,  before  mentioned ;  the  Hotel  Boylston,  on  the  opposite  corner, 
owned  by  Charles  Francis  Adams ;  the  Berkeley,  Bristol,  and  Cluny,  on 
Boylston  Street;  the  Vendome,  Hamilton,  and  Agassiz,  on  Commonwealth 
Avenue;  the  Huntington  and  Oxford,  on  Huntington  Avenue;  the  Hoff- 
man, Edinburgh,  Albemarle,   Howland,   Berwick,  Angelo,  and  Aldine,  on 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  65 

Columbus  Avenue ;  the  Blackstone,  fronting  on  Blackstone  Square ;  in  the 
Roxbury  district,  the  Dartmouth,  Eliot,  and  Comfort;  and  in  the  Charles- 
town  district,  the  Waverley. 

The  Restaurants  and  Cafe's  of  Boston  number  nearly  500.  Excepting 
those  connected  with  hotels,  there  are  not  many  worthy  of  particular  men- 
tion. As  a  rule,  they  furnish  good  food  at  reasonable  prices,  and  are  well 
kept,  and  situated  in  all  parts  of  the  city.  The  cafes  of  the  Parker  House, 
Young's  Hotel,  the  Revere  House,  and  the  Tremont  House,  are  frequented 
by  persons  desiring  a  hasty  first-class  meal.  Of  some  of  the  noteworthy 
restaurants,  brief  sketches  are  given. 

Frost  and  Dearborn's  Restaurant  is  one  of  the  largest,  finest,  and  most 
popular  dining-saloons  in  the  wholesale  district.  It  is  situated  at  8  and  10 
Pearl  Street,  a  short  distance  from  Milk  Street,  and  directly  opposite  the 
Pearl-street  entrance  to  the  building  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company. 
It  was  opened  in  1873  by  Samuel  E.  Kendall  and  John  N.  Dearborn,  and 
was  then  known  as  Kendall's  Restaurant.  Mr.  Kendall  will  be  remembered 
as  having  kept  for  a  series  of  years  some  of  the  best  restaurants  that  Bos- 
ton has  ever  had.  One  of  these  was  under  the  Old  State  House,  and  in  its 
day  was  a  rival  of  Parker's.  Another  was  at  8  Congress  Square,  where  he 
continued  for  17  years.  This  was  always  patronized  by  the  most  prominent 
business-men;  and,  until  destroyed  by  the  Great  Fire  of  1872,  it  was  con- 
sidered one  of  the  most  successful  restaurants  in  Boston.  The  present 
establishment  has,  from  the  time  when  it  was  opened,  met  with  that  success 
which  Mr.  Kendall's  reputation  and  experience  guaranteed  it.  In  his  efforts 
to  conduct  first-class  restaurants,  Mr.  Kendall  was  always  greatly  aided  by 
John  N.  Dearborn  and  Morrill  Frost.  Mr.  Dearborn,  for  instance,  was 
connected  with  him  for  25  years  ;  and  Mr.  Frost  was  in  his  employ  for  many 
years,  beginning  in  1845  under  the  Old  State  House.  In  1875  Mr.  Kendall 
died;  and  Mr.  Frost,  after  being  for  21  years  the  proprietor  of  the  restaurant 
and  news-stand  in  the  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Depot,  became  associated 
with  Mr.  Dearborn.  From  the  above  it  is  seen  that  Messrs.  Frost  &  Dear- 
born have  long  experience,  a  good  prestige,  an  admirably  furnished  and 
conveniently  situated  restaurant ;  and  it  only  needs  to  be  added  that  their 
cuisine  is  unexcelled  in  Boston. 

The  Coolidge  Cafe"  is  a  new  and  interesting  establishment  on  the  north 
side  of  Bowdoin  Square,  near  the  Cambridge  horse-car  station,  and  opposite 
the  Revere  House.  It  was  founded  in  the  summer  of  1883,  with  the  design 
of  providing  a  place  where  some  of  the  best  features  of  the  famous  London 
chop-houses  are  reproduced,  and  their  unrivalled  methods  of  preparing 
meats  are  followed.  Although  there  are  other  items  on  the  bill  of  fare, 
such  as  soups  and  fish,  vegetables  and  desserts,  the  main  strength  and  skill 


66  king's  handbook  op  boston. 

of  the  establishment  are  concentrated  on  the  two  specialties  of  steaks  and 
chops,  and  their  selection,  preparation,  and  serving;  and  it  is  not  too  much 
to  say,  that  nowhere  else  in  New  England  can  there  be  found  better  meats, 
or  more  delicious  cooking.  These  rare  viands  are  carefully  cooked  over 
hot  coke  fires,  on  the  famous  "silver  grills,"  which  are  ingeniously  grooved 
in  so  that  the  fat  dripping  from  the  meats  is  conducted  away  into  a  pan,  and 
does  not  fall  into  the  fire,  to  blaze  up  and  smoke  the  steak.  The  cafe  is 
conducted  by  I.  N.  Andrews  &  Co.,  who  also  manage  the  Coolidge  House, 
occupying  the  building  above,  and  composed  of  forty  furnished  suites,  in 
each  of  which  there  is  a  parlor,  chamber,  and  bath-room.  This  is  a  family 
hotel,  and  affording  very  good  accommodations  for  permanent  or  transient 
boarders  in  large  and  airy  rooms,  close  to  the  centre  of  the  city.  One  of 
the  features  of  the  cafe  is  the  fact  that  the  "  silver  grills  "  are  so  placed 
that  the  processes  of  broiling  can  be  observed  and  directed  by  patrons, 
while  a  great  hood  above  carries  off  all  the  smoke  and  odor. 

Other  Restaurants  worthy  of  mention  are  those  of  Louis  P.  Ober,  No.  4 
Winter  Place,  a  French  restaurant,  popular  with  men  of  means  and  lovers 
of  superior  viands.  It  has  a  large  and  well-apportioned  general  dining-hall, 
and  several  smaller  dining  and  supper  rooms  for  private  parties.  There  are 
two  or  three  less  imposing  French  restaurants  (and  Arrouet  Mieusset 
Freres)  on  Van  Rensselaer  Place,  much  patronized  by  artists,  brokers,  and 
down-town  business-men  who  are  fond  of  French  cooking  and  French  ways. 
Other  notable  French  restaurants  are  those  of  George  Fera,  162  Tremont 
Street;  Fred.  E.  Weber,  25  and  27  Temple  Place;  D.  T.  Copeland,  128 
Tremont  Street;  and  A.  F.  Copeland,  467  Washington  Street  (much  favored 
by  ladies,  and  in  the  evenings  by  seekers  for  light  refreshment  in  which  ice- 
cream predominates).  "Down-town,"  those  of  Mrs.  Harrington  and  Marston 
&  Cunio,  on  School  Street;  Stumcke  &  Goodwin,  9  to  13  Brattle  Street; 
R.  Marston  &  Co.,  23  Brattle  Street;  Thomas  H.  Smith,  9  Exchange  Place; 
Campbell  &  Coverly,  233  Washington  Street;  Isaac  M."  Learned  &  Co., 
413  Washington  Street;  and  John  D.  Gilman,  50  Summer  Street.  Besides 
these  there  are  many  small  and  quiet  places,  famous  for  oneor  two  special 
features  ;  and  the  restaurants  about'  the  markets,  patronized  by  the  market- 
men  and  others,  renowned  for  the  lusciousness  of  their  steaks  and  other 
meats,  and  the  general  excellence  of  the  substantial  food  they  set  before 
their  hardy  and  hearty  patrons.  There  are  also  large  coffee-houses,  mag- 
nificently furnished,  and  intended  as  adjuncts  to  the  temperance  cause, 
giving  harmless  drinks  and  light  lunches,  and  facilities  for  various  forms  of 
amusements  and  games.  These  are  under  the  patronage  of  the  best  people 
in  Boston,  and  were  started  primarily  with  philanthropic  views,  but  have 
gratified  their  projectors  with  notable  financial  success  also.  The  chief  of 
these  are  the  Oriental,  on  Washington  Street  (South  End);  and  the  Alhambra, 
11  to  15  Green  Street,  near  Bowdoin  Square. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON.  67 


ftfje  public  Butltimgs, 

CITY,    COUNTY,    STATE,    AND    UNITED    STATES    BUILDINGS; 
AND   CITY   GOVERNMENT. 

THE  pride  with  which  the  Bostonian  shows  the  public  buildings,  and 
those  devoted  to  art,  literature,  and  education,  is  not  unreasonable. 
Without  exaggeration,  it  can  be  said,  that  no  city  in  the  country  presents  a 
finer  or  more  substantial  class  of  buildings.  They  are  not  all  imposing, 
and  few  are  "showy;"  they  are  not  all  of  modern  style,  after  one  pattern; 
but  they  are,  as  a  rule,  thoroughly  and  honestly  built;  and  generally  attrac- 
tive and  satisfactory,  so  far  as  architectural  design  is  concerned,  even  to 
the  educated  critic.  Some  are  stately  and  impressive ;  others  have  an 
every-day  business  look  about  them  ;  and  all  are  a  credit  to  the  city,  and  to 
those  who  planned  and  built  them. 

Boston,  as  a  city,  owns  upwards  of  300  public  buildings,  covering  per- 
haps 120  acres  of  land.  Its  county  buildings  are  valued  at  about  $3,000,- 
000;  its  public  buildings,  specifically  classified  as  such,  $7,700,000;  and  its 
school-buildings,  $8,500,000.  Several  of  these  return  good  incomes,  such 
as  the  Quincy-Market  building,  $70,000  a  year;  Faneuil-Hall  Market, 
$20,000;  and  the  Old  State  House,  $10,350.  The  State  and  National  build- 
ings, some  of  which  are  costly,  are  not  included  in  the  above  valuations. 

In  this  chapter  we  shall  give  some  practical  information,  concisely  put, 
of  some  of  these  buildings,  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  of  their  character, 
uses,  and  occupants. 

The  City  Hall,  fronting  on  School  Street,  is  the  most  elaborate  munici- 
pal structure  in  Boston.  It  is  a  very  handsome  and  imposing  building,  and 
is  well  adapted  to  the  uses  for  which  it  was  built.  The  style  of  architec- 
ture is  the  Italian  Renaissance,  modified  and  elaborated  by  the  taste  of  the 
French  architects  of  the  last  thirty  years.  The  building  cost  over  $500,- 
000,  including  the  furniture  and  plans  for  same.  The  faces  of  the  front  and 
west  sides  are  of  white  Concord  granite ;  those  of  the  Court-square  and 
City-Hall  Avenue  facades  are  of  stone  from  the  old  City  Hall,  which  stood 
on  the  same  spot.  There  is  a  large  turfed  yard  in  front,  in  which  stands,  on 
one  side,  the  bronze  statue  of  Franklin  by  Richard  S.  Greenough,  erected 
in  1856;  and,  on  the  other,  Thomas  Ball's  bronze  statue  of  Josiah  Ouincy, 
one  of  the  earliest  and  most  energetic  mayors  of  Boston,  which  was  placed 
in  its  position  Sept.  17,  1879. 


68 


KING'S    HANDBOOK'  OF   BOSTON. 


The  first,  second,  and  third  stories  and  the  basement  of  the  City  Hall 
are  fireproof.  The  floors  of  the  fourth,  fifth,  and  attic  stories  are  of  bur- 
netized  timber.  The  roof  is  of  wood,  covered  with  copper  and  slate.  The 
interior  finish  is  principally  of  butternut  and  pine.  The  main  entrance 
communicates  with  the  first-story  hall,  which  is  paved  with  squares  of  black 
and  white  marble.  Thence  the  fine,  broad  staircases  or  the  elevator  con- 
duct the  visitor  to  the  upper  stories.  The  staircases  are  of  iron,  with  face 
stringers,  newels,  rails,  and  balusters  of  oak.  In  the  wall  of  the  first  landing 
is  a  tablet  of  Sienna  and  white  marble  bearing  this  inscription :  — 


CORNER  b  *W  1862, 

J.   M.   WlGHTMAN, 

Mayor. 

Dt^  ^</865, 

F.  W.  Lincoln,  Jr. 

Mayor. 

G.  J.  F.  Bryant  and  A.  Oilman,  Architects. 


In  the  basement  are  the  offices  of  the  lamp  department,  the  inspectors 
of  buildings,  of  police,  of  hacks  and  trucks,  of  pawnbrokers  and  intelli- 
gence-offices, the  probation-office,  etc.  On  the  first  story  are  the  offices  of 
the  city  treasurer,  city  collector,  auditor  of  accounts,  water-registrar,  super- 
intendent of  police,  and  the  assessors.  On  the  second  story  is  the  room  of 
the  board  of  aldermen.  It  is  44  feet  square,  26  feet  high,  well  lighted  and 
tastefully  ornamented.  Near  by  is  a  lobby  with  cloak-rooms.  On  the  same 
floor  are  the  offices  of  the  mayor,  the  city  clerk,1  the  city  messenger,  the 
clerk  of  committees,  the  superintendent  of  public  buildings,  superintendent 
of  public  lands,  the  city  registrar,  and  a  large  committee-room.  On  the 
third  story  are  the  offices  of  the  superintendent  of  streets,  the  superintend- 
ents of  sewers,  of  Common  and  squares,  the  board  of  fire-commissioners, 
the  chief  engineer  of  the  fire-department,  the  superintendent  of  printing,  the 
board  of  street-commissioners,  and  the  city  surveyor.  On  the  fourth  story 
is  the  common-council  chamber,  44  by  44  feet,  27  feet  high,  with  galleries  on 
three  sides,  and  seats  for  250  persons.  Adjacent  are  dressing  and  committee 
rooms;  and  on  the  same  floor  are  the  offices  of  the  clerk  of  the  council,  the 

1  It  is  certainly  an  interesting  fact,  that  from  the  year  Boston  became  a  city  until  1883  there  were 
only  two  city  clerks,  —  the  first,  S.  F.  McCleary,  sen.,  serving  for  30  consecutive  years;  and  the 
second,  his  son,  S.  F.  McCleary,  jun.,  serving  for  the  past  30  years.  The  clerk  of  the  common  council, 
Washington  P.  Gregg,  has  also  served  a  long  term.     He  was  first  elected  to  the  position  in  1842. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


69 


BOSTON    CITY    HALL,    SCHOOL    STREET. 


7o 


K/iYG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


city  engineer,  and  the  water-board.  On  the  fifth  story  is  the  city  architect's 
department,  and  several  store-rooms  and  watchmen's  rooms.  The  attic, 
under  the  dome,  contains  the  operating-room  of  the  magnetic  fire-alarm 
telegraph,  whence  alarms  arc  sent  out  over  the  wires  communicating  with 
all  the  public  bells  and  engine-houses.  Near  by  are  sleeping-rooms  and  a 
library  for  the  operators.  Above,  in  the  dome  itself,  is  the  battery-room, 
13  by  41  feet  in  dimensions.  Tiie  dome  is  surmounted  by  a  balcony,  from 
which  rises  a  flag-staff  200  feet  from  the  ground.  Four  lions'  heads  look 
out  from  the  corners  of  the  balcony,  and  a  gilded  eagle  surmounts  the  centre 
of  its  front. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  mayor,  12  aldermen  chosen  from 
the  city  at  large,  and  72  common  councilmen  chosen  by  the  25  wards.  The 
executive  power  is  vested  in  the  mayor  and  aldermen.  The  term  of  office  of 
the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  councilmen  is  one  year;  and  the  election  occurs 
annually  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  second  Monday  of  December.  The 
departments  are  severally  designated,  the  assessors',  financial,  health,  regis- 
trar's, water,  fire,  and  police  departments.  The  mayor  receives  a  salary  of 
$5,000  a  year ;  the  city  and  county  treasurer,  $5,000  ;  the  collector,  $5,000 ;  the 
auditor,  $5,000;  the  three  members  of  the  board  of  health,  $3,000  each;  the 
city  physician,  $2,700,  with  $uoo  for  his  assistant,  $900  for  the  port  phy- 
sician, and  $850  for  his  assistant;  the  superintendent  of  health,  $3,000  and 
horse  and  carriage;  the  city  registrar,  whose  main  duty  is  to  keep  the  record 
of  births,  marriages,  and  deaths,  and  grant  certificates  of  intention  of  mar- 
riage, $2,500;  the  three  water-commissioners,  $3,000  each  :  the  city  engineer, 
$4,500;  the  resident  engineer  of  the  Sudbury-river  water-works,  $5,000.  with 
$3,000  for  the  water-registrar,  $3,000  for  the  superintendent  of  the  eastern 
division,  and  $3,000  for  the  superintendent  of  the  western  :  water-registrar 
Mystic  water-works,  $2,500,  superintendent,  $1,700,  and  engineer,  $1,200;  the 
three  fire-commissioners,  $3,000  each  :  chief  engineer  of  the  fire-department, 
$3,000;  the  three  police-commissioners,  $3,000  each  ;  the  city  solicitor,  $4,500; 
and  the  three  registrars  of  voters,  $2,500  each.  There  are  many  minor  offi- 
cials having  positions  in  and  about  the  City  Mall,  in  the  various  city  institu- 
tions, and  in  care  of  city  property.  The  city  clerk  receives  $4,000  a  year, 
and  has  $10,250  a  year  for  assistant  clerks.  The  cost  of  administering  the 
affairs  of  the  city  has  grown  rapidly  within  the  past  quarter  of  a  century; 
and  during  the  seven  years  preceding  1SS1  earnest  efforts  have  been  made 
to  reduce  it.  The  total  actual  expenses  of  the  city  and  county  in  1SS1-S2, 
for  the  year  ending  April  30,  were  $13,568,412.28  against  $[  3,39s,  120.50 
the  jM'evious  year, 

The  Directors  for  Public  Institutions  have  charge  of  the  House  of  Indus- 
try, the  House  of  Reformation,  the  alms-houses  situated  on  islands  in  the 
harbor,  the  House  of  Correction  and  the  Lunatic  Hospital  at  South  Boston, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  71 

the  Home  for  the  Poor  on  Austin  Farm,  West-Roxbury  district,  alms- 
house in  the  Charlestown  district,  and  Marcella-street  (Highlands)  Home 
for  pauper  and  neglected  boys.  The  superintendent  of  health  has  charge 
of  the  city  stables,  horses,  carts,  wagons,  etc.,  necessary  for  the  business  of 
keeping  the  city  streets  and  ways  clean,  collecting  house-offal,  etc.  The 
Central  Charity  Bureau  building  on  Chardon  and  Hawkins  Streets,  where 
the  principal  charitable  societies  have  headquarters,  and  the  Temporary 
Home  at  the  corner  of  Chardon  and  Bowker  Streets,  are  in  charge  of  the 
Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor.  There  are  twenty  public  bath-houses,  all 
well  equipped  and  supplied. 

The  Boston  fire-department  is  one  of  the  most  efficient  in  the  country; 
and  the  system  of  its  management  is  regarded  by  those  well  qualified  to 
judge  as  admirable  in  every  particular.  The  department  is  under  the  direct 
control  of  the  fire-commission,  consisting  of  three  members,  who  are  ap- 
pointed by  the  mayor  and  confirmed  by  the  city  council.  There  is  a  chief 
engineer,  ten  assistant-engineers,  two  call-engineers,  and  663  men  employed 
in  various  capacities.  The  apparatus  consists  of  29  steam  fire-engines,  and 
for  each  a  hose-carriage;  12  independent  hose-carriages  and  companies;  7 
chemical  engines;  12  hook-and-ladder  carriages,  all  of  which  carry  portable 
extinguishers  ;  1  aerial  ladder,  1  fire-boat,  and  1  water-tower  (height  50  feet). 
The  water-front  is  protected  by  a  steam  fire-boat,  constructed  of  iron,  sup- 
plied with  four  steam-pumps,  high-pressure  boiler,  and  an  80  horse-power 
engine,  capable  of  playing  eight  streams  of  water  at  one  time.  A  self-sus- 
taining aerial  ladder,  consisting  of  8  sections,  each  12  feet  long,  was  pur- 
chased in  1876.  These  sections  can  be  joined  and  the  ladder  raised  in  6 
minutes.  Belonging  to  the  department  are  150  horses,  about  70,000  feet  of 
hose,  and  1,000  feet  of  suction-hose.  The  yearly  salaries  of  the  fire-depart- 
ment are  about  $1,000  per  day.  There  was  paid  out  in  1881-82,  on  account 
of  the  whole  department,  $457,217.21,  besides  $87,420  paid  the  water- 
department  for  water  and  maintenance  of  the  hydrants.  The  sliding-pole 
has  been  introduced  into  the  houses  of  the  department,  and  saves  much 
time,  as  by  it  the  men  can  drop  from  their  sleeping  or  recreation  rooms  in 
front  of  the  apparatus.  With  the  changing  of  the  stalls,  the  introduction 
of  the  swinging  harness,  the  sliding-pole,  and  the  new  quick-ringing  electric 
gongs,  the  time  taken  to  hitch  and  get  ready  to  leave  quarters  is  as  quick 
now  as  is  consistent  with  safety.  It  is  a  rule,  that,  when  any  signal  for  a  fire 
is  received  at  the  quarters  of  any  company,  every  member  will  immediately 
report  for  duty  on  the  floor.  The  horses  will  be  hitched  up,  and  the  com- 
pany prepared  to  leave  quarters  upon  the  word  "  Go,"  to  be  given  by  the 
officer  in  command.  During  the  past  year  the  board  tested  the  length  of 
time  which  it  took  to  comply  with  the  foregoing  order  while  all  the  men, 
except  the  house-patrol,  were  in  bed;  and  the  result  showed  an  average 


72  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

time  of  n£  seconds.  The  magnetic  fire-alarm  apparatus  cost  over  $100,000. 
Boston  was  the  first  city  to  adopt  the  system.  Indeed,  it  originated  here 
with  Dr.  William  F.  Channing  of  this  city,  and  Moses  G.  Farmer  of  Salem. 
In  1845  Dr.  Channing,  in  a  lecture  before  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  Wash- 
ington, suggested  the  employment  of  the  telegraph  as  a  means  of  giving 
alarms  of  fire.  In  1848  the  subject  was  brought  before  the  Boston  city 
government  by  the  mayor,  and  some  experiments  tried;  in  1851,  $10,000  was 
appropriated  to  test  the  system,  and  during  the  next  year  it  was  brought 
into  successful  operation.  It  has  now  in  working  order  about  260  miles  of 
wire,  266  signal-boxes  in  use,  53  striking-machines,  60  large  gongs,  42  small 
gongs,  60  tappers,  15  vibrators,  and  other  material.  At  various  places  in 
the  city  the  hour  of  noon  is  struck  by  the  fire-alarm  telegraph,  correct  time 
being  furnished  by  telegraph  from  the  observatory  at  Harvard  University. 
The  superintendent  of  fire-alarms  receives  $2,300  a  year,  with  use  of  horse 
and  carriage :  there  are  also  employed  4  operators  and  3  repairers,  at  $3.75 
a  day.  A  constant  watch  night  and  day  is  kept  by  the  operators  at  the 
chief  office,  in  the  dome  of  the  City  Hall.  The  Boston  Protective  Depart- 
ment, incorporated  in  1874,  is  under  the  management  of  the  fire-under- 
writers. It  had  previously  existed  as  an  organization  supported  by  volun- 
•  tary  contributions :  now,  however,  the  money  voted  for  its  support  can  be 
collected  through  any  of  the  State  courts.  Two  wagons  and  five  permanent 
men  are  in  service  at  all  times ;  and  call-men,  attached  to  each  of  the  hook- 
and-ladder  carriages  in  the  suburbs,  are  under  pay  of  the  department.  The 
right  of  way,  and  authority  to  enter  houses  endangered  by  fire,  are  given  by 
law.  The  prime  object  of  the  department  is  to  save  property,  but  it  also 
performs  meritorious  work  in  saving  life.  The  office  of  the  department  is 
at  35  Congress  Street.  James*  Swords  is  the  president,  and  the  treasurer  is 
Charles  E.  Guild.  Connected  with  this  department  there  is  a  superin- 
tendent; and  a  fire-marshal,  also  empowered  to  make  investigations  into 
causes  of  fires  under  certain  conditions. 

The  police-department,  since  1878,  is  under  the  control  of  three  commis- 
sioners, each  appointed  for  three  years  by  the  mayor,  with  the  approval  of 
the  city  council.  The  police-force,  and  the  salaries  paid,  are  as  follows: 
Superintendent  of  police,  $3,000  a  year;  deputy-superintendent,  $2,300  a 
year;  chief  inspector,  $4  a  day;  15  captains,  $4  a  day  each;  10  inspectors, 
$3.50  a  day  each  ;  34  lieutenants,  $3.50  a  day  each  ;  53  sergeants,  $3.25  a  day 
each ;  and  635  patrolmen,  $3  a  day  each.  These,  and  the  officers  connected 
with  the  local  houses  of  detention  and  the  public  buildings,  make  the  whole 
police-force  comprise  yy6  men.  There  are  15  divisions  in  the  city,  each 
having  its  own  station-house.  The  8th  division  includes  the  harbor  and 
wharves,  and  has  charge  of  the  steamboat  "  Protector,"  with  its  men  and 
rowboats.      The   cost  of    the   police-department,   and  the   charges    made 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


74  KING'S    HAXDPOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

against  it,  amounted  in  the  year  1S81-82  to  $899,974.  The  police-commis- 
sioners arc  Thomas  L.  Jenks,  Nathaniel  Wales,  and  Benjamin  D.  Burley; 
and  the  superintendent  of  police  is  Samuel  G.  Adams. 

The  system  for  supplying  the  city  with  water  is  elaborate,  and  the  water- 
works form  one  of  the  most  interesting  features.  One  of  the  advantages 
of  the  peninsula  which  attracted  the  early  settlers  was  its  abundance  of  pure 
water:  the  Indian  name.  Shawmut,  it  is  said  signifies  '"Living  Fountains.-' 
But  early  in  its  history  the  wants  of  the  town  had  increased  beyond  its 
internal  resources.  As  early  as  1795  a  company  was  incorporated  to  intro- 
duce water  from  Jamaica  Pond.  In  1845  this  company  had  laid  about  15 
miles  of  pipe,  conveying  water  to  nearly  3,000  of  the  10.370  houses  the  citv 
then  contained.  Pipes  were  at  first  of  pine  logs.  The  elevation  of  this 
pond,  however,  was  too  low  to  bring  the  water  into  the  higher  portions  of 
the  city;  and  its  capacity  was  not  sufficient  for  the  portions  it  did  reach. 
For  many  years  the  subject  of  a  better  supply  had  been  agitated  ;  and  at 
length,  in  the  year  1845,  Long  Pond,  or  Lake  Cochituate  as  it  was  afterwards 
called,  situated  in  the  towns  of  Framingiiam,  Natick,  and  Wayland,  about 
twenty  miles  west  from  the  city  proper,  was  selected.  In  August  of  the 
next  year,  ground  was  formally  broken  for  the  new  works  by  John  Ouincy 
Adams  and  Josiah  Ouincy,  jun. ;  and  in  1S4S  the  work  was  completed.  But 
the  growth  of  the  city  was  so  great,  that  in  less  than  twenty  years  the 
source  was  insufficient:  and  the  waters  of  Sudbury  River  have  been  made 
tributary,  the  citv  having  been  given  the  necessary  authority  in  1872.  The 
extreme  length  of  Lake  Cochituate,  in  a  direct  line,  is  three  anil  a  half 
miles;  and  the  breadth  of  the  widest  part  is  about  i,Soo  feet,  with  a  water- 
surface  of  800  acres  at  high-water  mark.  In  addition  to  the  supply  in  the 
lake.  "Dug  Pond"' containing  44^  acres,  and  "Dudley  Pond  "  containing 
Si  acres,  are  connected  with  and  form  important  tributaries  to  it.  The 
whole  circuit  of  the  lake,  measuring  at  its  verge  when  within  two  feet  of 
high-water  mark,  is  about  16  miles  :  and  the  city  owns  an  average  width  of  five 
rods  around  it  which  is  held  free  from  taxation,  also  one  and  a  quarter  acres 
at  the  outlet  of  Dudley  Pond;  the  whole  line  of  the  water-works  extending 
from  Lake  Cochituate,  and  continuing  through  a  brick  aqueduct,  iron  pipes, 
and  stone  tunnel,  14^  miles,  to  a  reservoir  in  Brookline  of  about  23  acres 
f  water-surface,  and  119.583,960  gallons  capacity.  The  Brookline  reser- 
voir is  a  beautiful  structure  of  irregular  elliptical  shape.  Another  receiv- 
ing reservoir —  Chestnut  Hill  —  is  situated  in  the  Brighton  district,  a  very 
extensive  and  attractive  work.  Its  construction  was  begun  in  1865;  and 
the  city  became  possessed  of  212']  acres  of  land,  costing  about  5120.000, 
before  it  was  finished.  It  is  5 ',  miles  from  the  City  Mall,  and  one  mile 
from  the  Brookline  reservoir.  It  is.  in  fact,  a  double  reservoir,  divided  by 
a  water-tight  dam  into  two  basins  of    irregular  shape.      Their  capacity  is 


o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  75 

730,000,000  gallons,  and  their  water-surface  123^  acres.  A  magnificent 
driveway,  varying  from  60  to  80  feet  in  width,  surrounds  the  entire  work: 
in  some  parts  the  road  runs  quite  close  to  the  embankment,  separated  from 
it  by  only  a  smooth  gravelled  walk,  with  green  turf  on  either  side. 

The  high-service  pumping-works  are  situated  in  the  Roxbury  district. 
The  Parker-hill  reservoir,  on  Parker  Hill,  built  especially  for  the  high-service 
supply,  will  hold  7,200,000  gallons  above  a  plane  z\  feet  above  the  bottom  of 
the  outflow-pipe.  The  area  of  the  water-surface  when  at  high-water  mark  is 
64,033  square  feet,  and  its  elevation  219  feet  above  tide-marsh  level.  The 
Beacon-hill  reservoir,  originally  built  as  a  distributing  reservoir,  was  aban- 
doned, owing  to  the  connection  of  the  Beacon-hill  district  with  the  high- 
service  works  on  Parker  Hill;  and  in  1882-83  its  magnificent  masonry  was 
torn  down,  to  give  a  place  for  new  public  buildings.  The  South-Boston 
reservoir,  on  the  east  side  of  Telegraph  Hill,  South  Boston,  covers,  with 
its  embankments,  an  area  of  about  126,000  square  feet.  It  resembles  in 
shape  the  segment  of  an  ellipse,  and  has  a  water-area,  when  at  high-water 
mark,  of  70,041  square  feet,  and  a  capacity  of  7,508,246  gallons.  This 
reservoir  is  not  now  used.  The  East-Boston  reservoir,  on  Eagle  Hill,  East 
Boston,  has  a  water-area,  when  at  high-water  mark,  of  44,100  square  feet, 
and  a  capacity  of  5,591,816  gallons.  It  is  used  in  connection  with  high- 
service  works,  which  supply  the  higher  portions  of  the  district. 

The  supply  from  Lake  Cochituate  having  become  inadequate  to  the 
wants  of  the  city,  an  act  was  passed  by  the  legislature,  approved  April  8, 
1872,  authorizing  the  taking  of  the  water  of  Sudbury  River,  and  the  construc- 
tion of  suitable  reservoirs  and  aqueducts.  The  river  above  where  the  water 
is  taken  has  a  water-shed  of  about  7s  miles.  Three  dams  on  the  river  form 
storage  basins,  having  a  capacity  of  1,877,000,000  gallons;  and  a  fourth 
basin  is  now  being  constructed  which  will  have  a  capacity  of  1,100,000,000 
gallons.  From  the  lower  basin  a  brick  conduit,  4,170  feet  long,  conveys  the 
water  to  Farm  Pond  in  Framingham,  whence  another  brick  conduit,  7  feet 
8  inches  by  9  feet,  having  a  capacity  of  80,000,000  gallons  per  day,  conveys 
the  water  to  Chestnut-hill  reservoir,  —  a  distance  of  about  16  miles.  The 
main  pipes  leading  from  the  several  receiving-reservoirs  to  the  city,  and  the 
distributing-pipes  laid  in  the  city  proper,  East  and  South  Boston,  the  High- 
lands, Dorchester,  West  Roxbury,  and  Brighton  districts,  aggregate  in 
length  368  miles,  varying  in  size  from  three  inches  to  forty-eight  inches  in 
diameter.  The  gross  expenditure  on  account  of  the  Cochituate  and  Sud- 
bury-river  water-works  to  the  city,  up  to  the  1st  of  May,  1882,  was  $33,180,- 
771  ;  and  the  net  cost,  less  the  revenue,  is  nearly  $16,000,000.  The  cost  of 
construction  alone  was  about  $17,000,000. 

Through  annexation  with   Charlestown,  the  city  became  possessed  of 
the  "  Mystic  Water-works."     Mystic  Lake,  which  is  the  source  of  supply, 


76  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

is  situated  in  the  towns  of  Medford,  Arlington,  and  Winchester,  6£  miles 
from  Charlestown  Square.  It  has  an  area  of  about  200  acres,  when  flowed 
to  the  level  authorized  by  the  Act  to  take  water,  and  a  storage  capacity,  at 
that  level,  of  380,000,000  gallons  of  water.  The  area  of  country  forming 
the  drainage-basin  is  27.75  square  miles.  The  conduit  is  7,453.  feet  long. 
The  reservoir  is  on  Walnut  Hill  in  Medford,  near  Tufts  College.  Its 
water-surface  covers  an  area  of  4J  acres ;  being  nearly  a  parallelogram  in 
shape,  with  a  length  of  560  feet  and  a  width  of  350  feet.  It  is  25  feet  in 
depth,  the  top  line  of  bank  being  three  feet  above  high-water  mark.  At  this 
level  its  capacity  is  26,244,415  gallons.  The  top  water-line  is  147  feet  above 
high-water  level  of  the  harbor.  The  embankments  are  laid  out  with  a 
concrete  walk.  A  roadway  passes  around  three  sides  of  the  reservoir,  at 
the  foot  of  the  embankment;  and  the  grounds  about  it  are  handsomely 
laid  out.  Besides  supplying  the  Charlestown  district,  the  cities  of  Somer- 
ville  and  Chelsea,  East  Boston,  and  the  town  of  Everett,  are  also  supplied 
from  the  Mystic  works.  The  cost  of  construction  of  these  works,  up  to 
May  1,  1882,  was  $1,634,108.82.  The  daily  consumption  of  water  is  32,000,- 
000  gallons  from  the  Cochituate  works,  and  7,000,000  gallons  from  the 
Mystic  works. 

The  United  States  Post-office  and  Sub-treasury  building,  when  com- 
pleted, will  be  by  far  the  most  imposing  public  edifice  in  New  England.  It 
will  occupy  the  square  bounded  by  Water,  Devonshire,  and  Milk  Streets, 
and  Post-office  Square,  fronting  on  the  latter.  Our  frontispiece  shows  the 
Post-office-square  front  as  it  will  appear  when  completed.  The  portion  now 
finished,  and  which  has  been  occupied  since  the  early  part  of  1875,  is  less 
than  half  the  entire  structure. 

Efforts  to  secure  a  proper  post-office  building  for  Boston  were  begun  as 
long  ago  as  President  Fillmore's  administration;  but  they  were  not  success- 
ful until  1867,  when  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress,  appointing  a  commission 
to  select  a  site  for  a  post-office  building  in  Boston,  was  approved  by  the  Pres- 
ident. A  year  later  a  site  was  accepted,  and  an  appropriation  made  for  the 
purchase  of  the  land ;  and  another  year  later  ground  was  broken,  and  the 
work  begun.  The  celebration  of  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  was  not  until 
the  first  part  of  the  building  had  been  nearly  finished  to  the  top  of  the  street- 
story.  This  was  on  the  16th  of  October,  1871.  A  distinguished  company 
was  present,  including  President  Grant  and  his  cabinet;  and  the  occasion 
was  observed  as  a  general  holiday.  There  was  a  great  military  and  Masonic 
procession.  The  ceremony  of  laying  the  stone  was  performed  by  William 
Sewall  Gardner,  grand  master  of  the  grand  lodge  of  Massachusetts ;  an  ora- 
tion was  delivered  by  Postmaster-General  Creswell,  and  an  historical  address 
was  made  by  Nathaniel  B.  Shurtleff.  On  the  9th  of  November,  1872,  the 
building  was  ready  for  the  roof,  when  the  Great  Fire  came.     By  this  it  was 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  77 

damaged  to  the  extent  of  $175,000,  the  loss  on  granite  alone  being  $98,000. 
Two  of  the  pavilions  on  the  Water  and  Milk  Street  sides  were  so  defaced 
and  chipped  by  the  intense  heat  that  it  was  necessary  to  replace  them;  and 
the  marks  of  the  fire  are  yet  visible  on  plinths  on  both  these  sides. 

The  building  is  in  the  Renaissance  style  of  architecture,  and  of  Cape- 
Ann  o-ranite.  The  Devonshire-street  front  is  200  feet  long.  The  exterior 
facades  on  the  three  streets  reach  an  average  height  above  the  sidewalks  of 
100  feet,  the  central  portion  of  each  reaching  a  height  of  126  feet.  The 
street-story  of  28  feet,  formed  by  a  composition  of  pilasters  and  columns 
resting  on  heayy  plinths  at  the  sidewalk  level,  and  crowned  with  an  entabla- 
ture, carries  two  stories  above  it,  adorned  by  ornate  windows.  The  roof  is 
a  solid  and  ambitious  affair  of  iron,  slated,  upon  iron  girders,  and  presents 
circular  dormer  windows,  in  iron  frames.  The  Devonshire  fagade  is  sub- 
divided into  five  compartments  by  a  central  projection,  flanked  by  two  cur- 
tains finishing  at  the  corners  of  Water  and  Milk  Streets ;  and  the  central 
portion  is  ornamented  with  an  heraldic  figure,  an  eagle  with  outspread  wings, 
grasping  in  its  talons  a  shield. 

The  post-office  occupies  the  entire  ground-floor  and  the  basement. 
There  is  a  continuous  passage-way  across  the  rear,  or  east  side,  from  Milk 
to  Water  Street,  with  a  court-yard  for  the  convenient  delivery  and  receipt 
of  mails  from  the  postal  wagons.  The  basement-story  has  a  clear  height  of 
14  feet,  and  is  extended  beneath  the  sidewalk  of  all  three  of  the  thorough- 
fares surrounding  the  present  edifice.  The  central  portion  of  the  first  story, 
81  by  43  feet,  is  for  the  post-office  proper,  and  is  connected  with  the  rear 
court-yard,  and  lighted  from  it.  All  the  work  is  transacted  in  one  grand 
spacious  apartment,  directly  under  the  eye  of  the  various  superintendents. 
This  work-hall  is  30  feet  in  height,  and  216  by  82  feet  in  floor  area,  and  is  sur- 
rounded on  three  of  its  sides  by  a  public  corridor,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  post-office  screen,  which  contains  the  box  and  other  deliveries,  and 
registry.  Surmounting  the  screen,  and  covering  the  corridor,  is  a  mezzanine 
flooring,  or  gallery,  12  feet  wide,  opening  into  the  grand  work-hall.  This  is 
enclosed  by  a  metal  balcony-railing,  and  is  reached  from  the  floor  of  the  hall 
by  two  flights  of  stairs.  In  this  gallery  are  the  offices  of  the  superintendents 
of  general  delivery  and  of  second-class  mail-matter  (on  the  Water-street 
side);  and  the  inquiry-office  (on  the  Milk-street  side).  The  postmaster's 
and  cashier's  rooms  are  in  the  second  story.  The  apartments  of  the  sub- 
treasury  occupy  the  larger  portion  of  the  second  story.  "  The  Marble 
Cash-room,"  in  the  centre,  is  a  showy  hall,  forming  a  parallelogram :  its 
decoration  is  in  the  Grecian  style  which  characterizes  the  building.  The 
tall  pilasters  are  mounted  on  solid  bases,  and  topped  with  elaborate  worked 
capitals,  all  of  Sicilian  marble  ;  while  the  wall-slabbing  above  and  below  is  of 
the  dark  and  light  shades  of  Sienna.     The  cornices  resting  on  these  capitals 


78  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

are  of  highly  enriched  frieze,  with  a  double  row  of  brackets,  and  richly 
ornamented.  A  gallery,  or  balcony,  surrounds  the  four  sides  of  the  room, 
accessible  from  the  staircase,  hall,  and  corridor  of  the  third  story.  The 
doors  and  window-sashes  are  of  solid  mahogany.  Connected  with  the  cash- 
room  are  the  four  fire  and  burglar  proof  safes.  There  are  also-on  this  floor 
eight  apartments  for  the  sole  use  of  the  sub-treasury.  In  other  portions 
of  the  upper  stories  are  the  pension  and  internal-revenue  offices.  In  the 
basement  is  the  money-order  department.  The  tiled  halls  and  corridors  on 
these  floors  are  broad  and  lofty,  and  the  stairways  are  spacious  and  easy. 

The  completion  of  the  building  by  the  erection  of  the  second  section 
was  long  delayed  by  the  difficulties  encountered  in  gaining  possession  of 
the  land.  Congress  agreed  to  make  an  additional  appropriation  of  $750,000, 
on  condition  that  the  streets  surrounding  the  building  should  be  widened, 
—  for  which  the  fire  had  somewhat  paved  the  way,  —  both  to  improve  the 
appearance  of  the  building,  and  to  give  additional  protection  against  fire. 
This  widening  was  strenuously  opposed  by  certain  property-owners.  The 
necessary  legislation,  however,  was  secured,  and  the  appropriation  made. 
Then  another  serious  obstacle  appeared.  The  owners  of  the  land  set  such 
a  high  price  upon  it  that  it  could  not  be  considered.  At  length  the  courts 
were  appealed  to ;  and  the  price  awarded,  though  considered  high,  was 
accepted,  and  the  work  of  building  the  second  portion  was  begun.  When 
completed  (probably  in  1884),  the  post-office  work-room  will  be  extended, 
covering  the  basement  and  street-floor  of  the  entire  building,  the  court-yard 
being  covered  and  separating  the  two  wings ;  the  postmaster's  room  will  be 
removed  to  the  street-floor  on  the  Post-office  Square  front;  and  the  money- 
order  department,  now  crowded  into  a  rather  dark  corner  on  the  Milk-street 
side,  will  have  well-lighted  and  spacious  quarters  on  the  corner  of  Post-office 
Square  and  Milk  Street.  The  United  States  court-rooms  and  offices  will  be 
on  the  second  floor  of  the  new  wing;  and  the  internal-revenue  department 
will  be  moved  from  the  present  wing  into  the  new. 

The  cost  of  the  entire  work  when  the  extension  is  completed,  it  is  esti- 
mated, will  be  between  five  and  six  millions.  Up  to  July  1,  1882,  about 
$5,250,000  had  been  expended.  The  sum  included  the  cost  of  the  land, 
which  was  $865,000:  the  portion  for  the  extension  over  which  there  was  so 
much  controversy,  settled  finally  by  the  Supreme  Court,  cost  about  $411,000. 

The  present  is  the  first  post-office  building  in  the  city  owned  by  the 
government.  For  most  of  the  time  previous  to  the  Revolution,  the  office 
was  in  that  part  of  Washington  Street  formerly  known  as  Cornhill,  between 
Water  Street  and  the  present  Cornhill.  During  the  siege  of  Boston  the 
post-office  was  removed  to  Cambridge.  After  the  evacuation  by  the  British, 
the  office  was  returned  to  the  east  side  of  Washington  Street,  near  State. 
Later  it  was  removed  to  State  Street,  in  a  building  originally  the  site  of  the 


ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


79 


c 
m 
r 
o 


03 

c 

("" 
o 

z 
o 


C 
-n 

O 

r 
7; 

o 
o 

c 
z 


80  ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

first  meeting-house  erected  in  Boston.  It  was  moved  several  times  during 
the  next  thirty  years,  tarrying  for  a  while  in  the  Old  State  House,  and 
bringing  up  finally  in  the  Merchants'  Exchange  building  on  State  Street, 
where  it  was  burnt  out  in  the  Great  Fire,  though  all  the  valuable  matter  was 
safely  removed.  A  resting-place  was  found  in  Faneuil  Hall ;  and  a  few 
weeks  afterwards  the  Old-South  Church  was  re-arranged,  and  here  the  post- 
office  remained  until  the  completion  of  the  present  building. 

During  the  Revolution,  Tuthill  Hubbard  was  postmaster  of  Boston,  under 
Benjamin  Franklin  and  John  Foxcroft,  who  were  the  last  deputy-postmasters 
for  North  America  under  foreign  appointment.  Hubbard  was  succeeded  by 
Jonathan  Hastings,  who  remained  in  office  until  1809.  Other  postmasters 
were:  Aaron  Hill,  appointed  in  1809;  Nathaniel  Greene,  1829;  William 
Hayden,  1849;  George  W.  Gordon,  1852;  Edwin  C.  Bailey,  1854;  Nahum 
Capen,  1858;  John  G.  Palfrey,  1861 ;  William  L.  Burt,  1867;  and  Edward 
S.  Tobey,  1876,  who  is  the  present  incumbent.  The  following  statistics  for 
the  year  1881  show  the  business  conducted  at  the  post-office:  Letters  de- 
livered by  carriers,  21,998,122;  postal-cards,  7,830,050;  newspapers,  etc., 
9,496,787:  total,  39,324,959.  Letters  collected,  23,850,449;  postal-cards, 
7*763,760;  newspapers,  etc.,  5,398,369:  total,  37,017,578.  During  1881  the 
volume  of  mail-matter  handled  was  about  25  per  cent  in  excess  of  any  previ- 
ous year.     It  has  been  increasing  steadily  of  late  years. 

The  United  States  Court  House,  corner  of  Tremont  Street  and  Temple 
Place,  looks  more  like  a  church  than  a  court-house.  It  was,  in  fact,  built  for 
a  Masonic  Temple  in  1832.  The  walls  are  of  Quincy  granite ;  and  there  are 
two  towers  16  feet  square  and  95  feet  high,  surmounted  by  battlements  and 
pinnacles.  There  are  five  stories,  and  the  rooms  are  lighted  by  long  arched 
windows.  A  view  of  this  building  is  shown  in  connection  with  St.  Paul's 
Church,  in  the  chapter  on  "  The  Soul  of  the  City." 

The  United  States  Navy  Yard,  in  the  Bunker-hill  district,  is  on  the  point 
of  land  formerly  known  as  Morton's  Point,  at  the  junction  of  the  Charles 
and  Mystic  Rivers.  It  comprises  over  eighty  acres  of  land,  and  is  enclosed 
on  the  land  side  by  a  high  stone  wall.  On  the  water-front  are  several 
wharves  and  a  substantial  sea-wall.  The  granite  dry-dock,  341  feet  long, 
80  feet  wide,  and  30  feet  deep,  which  was  opened  in  1833,  and  cost  over 
$677,000,  is  worthy  of  notice.  The  first  vessel  docked  here  was  the  old 
frigate  "  Constitution."  There  is  a  quaint  museum  called  the  "  Naval  Li- 
brary and  Institute,"  a  granite  rope-walk  1,361  feet  long,  machine-shops 
capable  of  giving  employment  to  about  2,000  men,  buildings  for  the  storage 
of  timber  and  naval  stores,  ship-houses,  marine  barracks,  a -magazine  and 
arsenal,  a  parade-ground,  parks  for  cannon  and  shot,  and  dwelling-houses 
for  the  commandant  and  various  officers  of  the  yard.  Passes  are  issued  to 
visitors  on  application  at  the  gate.     The  yard  was  established  in  1800,  when 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


81 


the  land  cost  only  $40,000.  Several  large  vessels  of  the  old  navy  were 
built  here,  including-  the  "Vermont,"  "Virginia,"  "Independence,"  and 
"  Cumberland." 

The  Boston  State  House,  -'the  hub  of  the  solar  system"  according  to 
Dr.  Holmes,  stands  on  the  summit  of  Beacon  Hill,  the  most  commanding 
situation  in  the  city,  on  a  lot  which  was  formerly  Gov.  Hancock's  cow-pas- 


1  "_?t!^=-    "-        — 


The  State   House,   Beacon  Street. 


ture,  bounded  now  by  Beacon  Street  on  the  south,  Mount-Vernon  Street  on 
the  east  and  north,  and  Hancock  Avenue  on  the  west.  The  corner-stone  was 
laid  in  1795,  and  the  oration  was  delivered  by  Gov.  Samuel  Adams.  The 
customary  Masonic  ceremonies  were  conducted  by  Paul  Revere,  grand  mas- 
ter. The  original  cost  of  the  building  was  over  $133,000,  but  several  expen- 
sive additions  and  improvements  have  since  been  made.     The  south  side 


82  KING'S  HANDBOOK'    OF   BOSTON. 

was  added  in  1S52;  and  the  dome  was  gilded  in  1 S74,  producing  a  fine  effect. 
The  building  was  first  occupied  by  the  "Great  and  General  Court"'  in  1  79S, 
when  the  Old  State  House  was  abandoned.     The  building  is  oblong,  meas- 
uring 173  by  61  feet.     Its  height,  including  the  dome,  is  1 10  feet,  and  the  lan- 
tern is  about  220  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Bronze  statues  of  Horace  Mann 
by  Emma  Stebbins,  and  of   Daniel  Webster  by  Hiram  Powers,  and  two 
fountains,  ornament  the  turfed  terrace  in  front  of  the  buildinsj.     The  main 
entrance  is  reached  by  a  succession  of  stone   terraces  from   Beacon  Street, 
and  leads  into  the  Doric  Hall.     This  hall  contains  the  remnants  of  the  flasrs 
carried  by  Massachusetts  soldiers  in  the  civil  war.     Here  also  are  exhibited 
copies  of  the  memorial  tablets  of  the  Washington  family  in  England,  given 
to  the  State  by  Charles  Sumner;  tablets  taken  from  the  old  Revolutionary 
monument  that  stood  on  Beacon  Hill  before  the  State   House  was  built; 
and  guns  that  formerly  belonged  to  the  Concord  minute-men,  recalling  the 
days  of   1775.      Thomas   Ball's  marble  statue  of  Gov.  John  A.Andrew  is 
considered  a  work  of  great  artistic  merit;  and  Chantrey's  statue  of  Wash- 
ington, wrapped  in  a  military  cloak,  should  be  noticed.      In   Doric   Hall  are 
also  busts  of  Samuel  Adams,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Charles  Sumner,  and  Henry 
Wilson.     The  Hall  of  Representatives,  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  is  the 
largest  room  in  the  State  House,  and  accommodates  500  members.     Visitors 
are  admitted  to  the  gallery  during  the  sessions.     The  ancient  codfish  still 
hangs  from  one  side  of  the  ceiling,  an  emblem  of  the  bygone  importance  of 
the  cod  to  the  State,  "which  has  been,"  says  Drake,  "a  greater  source  of 
wealth  than  the  mines  of  California.'1     The  same  fish  hung  in  the  old  hall 
in  State  Street,  but  was  taken  down,  and  not  restored  till  after  the  peace, 
when  it  was  again  and  has  ever  since  been  displayed  before  the  assembled 
wisdom  of  the  Commonwealth.     The  Senate  Chamber  is  at  the  east  end  of 
the  building,  and  is  60  by  50  feet.     It  contains  some  portraits  of  dignitaries 
and  a  few  relics.     At  the  west  end  of  the  building  is  a  large  room  for  the 
meetings  of  the  governor  and  council,  and  the  offices  of  the  governor  and 
other  State  officers.     On  the  north  side,  in  the  fireproof  addition,  is  the 
State  library,  88  by  37  feet  in  dimensions,  36^  feet  high,  with  galleries  and 
alcoves,  and  containing  over  40,000  volumes.     This  portion  of  the  Capitol 
also  contains  various  committee   rooms;    and   the   fireproof  rooms   in   the 
basement  are  devoted  to  the  preservation  of  State  archives.     There  is  a 
very  complete   agricultural  library;    and  the   State   cabinet  contains  some 
valuable  specimens  of  rocks,  minerals  and  fossils,  birds,  animals,  insects, 
and  shells.     For  the  sake  of  the  view,  which  is  very  extensive,  and  gives 
a  good  general  idea  of  the  topography  of  the  city,  visitors  to  the  number 
of  about  50,000  per  annum  climb  the  170  steps  leading  to  the  cupola  that 
surmounts  the  gild.'d  dome,  which  rises  30  feet  from  its  pediment,  and  is 
50  feet  in  diameter.     The  cupola  is  free  to  visitors  when  the  legislature 


A'/A'G'S    HANDbOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


-i 
i 
n 


^JSS*.lV!'  ^-"i'j'iiu    '•,  -   v,-"    ■»"  V  -- -: -" - ,4V- tr^^^A 


84  KING'S    HANDBOOK'    OF   BOSTON. 

is  not  in  session  ;  and  below  there  is  a  register  wherein  strangers  should 
enter  their  names. 

The  Old  State  House,  after  many  years  of  occupation  by  business 
offices,  was  rehabilitated  in  1SS2,  and  skilfully  restored  to  its  ancient 
colonial  form  ;  the  main  halls  being  leased  until  1892,  at  a  nominal  rent,  to 
the  Bostonian  Society  as  a  museum  of  local  antiquities,  open  to  the  public, 
free  of  charge,  from  9.30  to  5  daily.  In  the  halls  are  ancient  portraits  of 
Washington,  Webster,  Sewall,  Addington,  Ouincy,  and  other  old-time  wor- 
thies, and  scores  of  paintings,  engravings,  and  relics  illustrative  of  Boston's 
early  history.     The  record  of  the  building  is  thus  set  forth  :  — 

"On  this  spot  stood,  until  its  burning,  Oct.  3,  171 1,  the  first  town-house 
of  Boston,  founded  in  1657,  by  the  liberality  of  Capt.  Robert  Keayne.  Here, 
in  1713,  was  erected  the  second  town-house,  whose  walls  endure  to  this  day, 
as  do  the  floors  and  roof,  constructed  in  1747,  after  a  second  fire  had 
devastated  its  chambers.  Here  the  loyal  assemblies  obeyed  the  Crown. 
Here  the  spirit  of  Liberty  was  aroused  and  guided  by  the  eloquent  appeals 
and  sagacious  counsels  of  Otis,  Adams,  Ouincy,  Warren,  dishing,  and 
Hancock.  Here  the  child  Independence  was  born.  Here  Washington 
received  the  tribute  of  an  enfranchised  people;  here  was  installed  the 
government  of  a  new  State;  here  for  ten  years  our  civic  rulers  assembled; 
and  here,  by  the  vote  of  the  city  council  of  1SS1,  have  been  reconstructed, 
in  their  original  form,  the  Council  Chamber  and  Representatives'  Hall  — 
hallowed  by  the  memories  of  the  Revolution.  May  our  children  preserve 
the  sacred  trust." 

The  quaint  old  council-chamber  is  on  the  east  front  of  the  building,  and 
its  history  is  summed  up  in  the  inscription:  "The  seat  of  the  Vice-Regal 
state  of  the  Governors  under  the  Crown,  during  the  Provincial  period. 
Here,  in  the  early  time,  assembled  the  Honorable  Council,  composed  of  2S 
citizens,  chosen  from  the  most  prominent  and  loyal  friends  of  the  King.  In 
this  room  were  formulated  the  various  acts  of  Royal  authority  prior  to  the 
evacuation  of  Boston  by  the  British,  March  17,  1776,  and  were  enregistered 
the  decrees  of  the  Home  Government  relative  to  the  conduct  of  colonial 
affairs.  From  the  balcony  under  the  large  East  window  it  was  the  custom  to 
announce  to  the  People  the  commissions  and  titles  of  the  Governors  upon 
assuming  office,  and  proclaim  with  beat  of  drum  and  blast  of  trumpet  the 
Royal  Succession,  whenever  a  new  Sovereign  ascended  the  English  throne. 
Here  presided  in  turn  Joseph  Dudley,  Samuel  Shute,  and  Jonathan  Belcher, 
bearing  the  King's  commission  as  Governors  of  the  Province,  and  here,  in 
the  brilliant  and  successful  administration  of  William  Shirley,  next  ensuing, 
were  matured  the  plans  for  the  renowned  military  expedition,  which  in  joint 
command  of  General  William  Pepperrell  and  Commodore  Warren  achieved 
in  1745  the  conquest  of  Louisbourg,  upon  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  then 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  85 

the  chief  fortress  of  the  French  in  North  America.  Here  next  held  Guber- 
natorial sway  Thomas  Povvnall  and  Francis  Bernard,  which  brings  us  down 
to  1760,  when  the  accession  of  King  George  the  Third  was  proclaimed.  In 
the  administration  of  Thomas  Hutchinson,  next  in  order,  came  the  events 
culminating  in  the  Boston  Massacre,  March  5,  1770,  and  it  was  from  the 
large  East  window  that  the  Governor  addressed  the  populace  upon  that 
occasion,  and  ordered  them  to  disperse.  To  this  room  came,  upon  the 
following  day,  the  Committee  of  Fifteen,  with  Samuel  Adams  at  its  head, 
which  had  been  appointed  by  the  citizens  of  Boston,  then  convened  in  town 
meeting  at  Faneuil  Hall,  to  wait  upon  Governor  Hutchinson,  and  demand  the 
removal  of  the  British  troops  to  Castle  William  (then  occupying  the  site  of 
the  present  Fort  Independence),  which  was  effected  March  10-11,  1770,  and 
renders  this  chamber  historic  as  the  scene  of  the  first  concession  obtained 
by  the  colonists  from  the  Crown  upon  the  eve  of  the  illustrious  struggle  for 
independence.  Succeeding  Hutchinson  in  1774  came  Thomas  Gage,  last 
of  the  Royal  Governors,  and  upon  his  recall  the  appointment  of  Sir  William 
Howe  to  the  command  of  the  military  force  encamped  in  Boston,  who  held 
control  until  the  evacuation  of  the  town.  From  the  East  window,  upon 
July  18,  1776,  was  first  made  public,  with  great  exultation,  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Here,  in  1780,  upon  the  adoption  of  the  State  Constitution, 
was  formally  inaugurated  John  Hancock,  the  first  Governor  chosen  by  the 
people,  and  here  subsequently  presided  his  successors,  James  Bowdoin, 
Samuel  Adams,  and  Increase  Sumner.  Here,  in  1830,  when  the  building 
was  taken  as  a  City  Hall,  in  the  administration  of  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  were 
held  the  sessions  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen." 

The  old  Representatives'  Hall  is  at  the  west  end  of  the  building,  and  its 
annals  are  thus  recorded :  "  The  Forum  of  popular  action,  where,  in  the 
Provincial  day,  was  convened  the  Great  and  General  Court,  which,  in  the 
name  of  the  People,  gave  official  utterance  to  the  voice  of  the  Province. 
Here,  in  1761,  was  delivered  the  memorable  plea  of  James  Otis,  Jr.,  against 
the  Writs  of  Assistance,  and  was  registered  the  protest,  later,  against  the 
imposition  of  the  tax  on  tea.  Here,  in  April,  1765,  was  received  the  notice 
of  the  passage  by  Parliament  of  the  Stamp  Act;  and  here,  upon  Oct.  24  of 
the  -same  year,  first  appeared  in  public  life,  as  Representative  of  the  Town 
of  Boston,  Samuel  Adams,  that  fearless  leader  of  the  people,  who  subse- 
quently bore  so  renowned  a  part  in  organizing  the  Revolution.  In  this 
room,  in  Feb.,  1768,  was  passed  by  the  General  Court  of  the  Province  the 
significant  Resolution  indicative  of  the  growing  spirit  of  resistance,  which 
ordered  letters  written  to  the  other  Colonies,  '  with  respect  to  the  importance 
of  joining  with  them  in  petitioning  His  Majesty  at  this  time.'  The  passage 
of  this  order  incensed  the  British  Government,  which  demanded  the  re- 
scinding of  the  vote,  with  which  the  Legislature  refused  compliance  by  a 


86 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


vote  of  92  to  17.  This  was  followed  by  the  action  of  the  Ministry  in 
deciding  to  quarter  a  division  of  the  Royal  soldiery  in  Boston;  the  first 
detachment  arriving  from  Halifax,  Sept.  29,  176S.  Some  of  the  troops  were 
quartered  upon  the  Common,  while  the  remainder  were  placed  by  Governor 
Bernard  in  Faneuil  Hall  and  in  this  building,  an  arbitrary  act,  viewed  with 
indignation  by  the  citizens  of  Boston.  When  the  General  Court,  at  its  next 
session,  convened  in  this  room,  in  May,  1769,  its  first  work  after  organization 
was  to  resolve  that  'an  armament  by  sea  and  land,  investing  the  Metropolis, 
and  a  military  guard,  with  cannon  pointed  at  the  very  door  of  the  State 
House,  where  this  assembly  is  held,  is  inconsistent  with  that  dignity,  as 
well  as  that  freedom,  with  which  we  have  a  right  to  deliberate,  consult,  and 
determine.'  Events  rapidly  followed  which  intensified  the  popular  opposi- 
tion, at  length  culminating  in  the  Boston  Massacre,  which  occurred  in  front 
of  this  building,  upon  King  (present  State)  Street,  on  the  evening  of 
March  5,  1770.  The  trial  of  Captain  Preston  and  the  soldiers,  before  the 
Court  of  the  Province,  took  place  in  this  room,  in  the  month  of  October 
following,  John  Adams  and  Josiah  Quincy,  Jr.,  appearing  in  defence  of  the 
prisoners.  From  a  temporary  balcony  erected  in  front  of  the  centre  window, 
at  the  end  of  this  room,  General  Washington,  in  1789,  reviewed  the  pro- 
cession which  welcomed  him  upon  the  occasion  of  his  last  visit  to  Boston. 
This  room  was  last  occupied  by  the  House  of  Representatives  on  Jan.  11, 
1798,  when  the  Legislature  marched  in  procession  from  the  Old  State  House 
to  the  new  structure  upon  Beacon  Hill,  then  completed.  Here,  when  the 
building  was  occupied  by  this  Municipality  as  a  City  Hall,  in  1830,  were 
held  the  sessions  of  the  Common  Council." 

The  symbolic  lion  and 
unicorn  of  the  British  arms 
have  been  replaced  on  the 
eastern  gable,  greatly  to 
the  annoyance  of  the  Irish- 
American  citizens  of  Bos- 
ton, who  continually  peti- 
tion for  their  removal.  The 
lower  floors  of  the  building 
are  occupied  as  offices  of 
transportation  -  companies, 
etc. 

The  Custom  House,  at 
the  corner  of  State  and 
India  Streets,  is  a  huge 
granite  building  in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  in  the  Doric  style  of  archi- 
tecture, which  was  begun  in  1837,  and  finished  in  1847.     It  is  140  feet  long, 


The  Custom  House,   State  Street. 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  87 

yS  feet  wide  at  the  ends,  and  95  feet  through  the  centre,  and  rests  upon 
3,000  piles,  over  which  a  platform  of  granite  18  inches  thick  is  laid  in 
hydraulic  cement.  The  structure  cost  the  United  States  government  over 
$1, 000,000.  A  flat  dome,  with  a  skylight  25  feet  in  diameter,  surmounts  the 
building,  and  is  95  feet  from  the  floor.  32  fluted  granite  columns,  weighing 
42  tons  each,  surround  the  edifice.  The  roof  and  dome  are  covered  with 
wrought  granite  tiles.  The  main  floor  is  occupied  by  the  offices  of  the 
collector,  deputy-collectors,  and  various  clerks  employed  in  the  customs 
service.  There  is  a  large  rotunda,  63  by  59  feet  in  dimensions,  and  62 
feet  high,  in  the  Grecian  Corinthian  style.  The  ceiling  is  supported  by 
12  marble  columns,  3  feet  in  diameter  and  29  feet  high.  On  the  entrance- 
floor' are  the  offices  of  the  naval  officer,  surveyor,  cashier,  and  a  deputy- 
collector  having  in  charge  the  entrance,  clearance,  and  register  of  vessels, 
etc.  There  is  also  a  large  hall  in  the  centre  of  this  floor.  The  building 
is  fireproof  throughout.  Roland  Worthington,  proprietor  of  the  "Boston 
Traveller,"  was  appointed  collector  in  18S2. 

The  County  Court  House,  fronting  on  Court  Street,  stands  by  itself; 
the  avenues  along  its  sides,  and  in  the  rear,  being  known  as  Court  Square. 
It  is  a  solid,  gloomy-looking,  granite  building.  It  was  completed  in  1836, 
and  cost  about  $180,000.  It  is  176  by  54  feet,  and  has  three  stories  and  a 
basement.  The  Court-street  front  has  a  Doric  portico,  supported  by  four 
columns  of  fluted  granite  weighing  25  tons  each.  Many  of  the  county  and 
city  courts  are  held  here,  such  as  the  supreme  judicial  court,  the  superior 
court,  the  court  for  juvenile  offenders,  and  the  municipal  court.  On  the 
second  floor  is  the  Social  Law  Library,  referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  libra- 
ries.    In  the  basement  is  the  city  "lock-up,"  for  temporary  accommodation. 

The  Jail  for  the  County  of  Suffolk,  on  Charles  Street,  near  the  foot 
of  Cambridge  Street,  presents  an  imposing  appearance,  especially  to  one 
approaching  the  city  by  the  Cambridge,  or  West-Boston  Bridge.  It  was 
completed  in  1851,  and  cost  more  than  $500,000.  It  consists  of  a  centre 
octagonal  building,  with  four  wings  radiating  from  the  centre.  Three  of 
these  wings  enclose  the  cells  of  the  prison,  and  the  other  is  occupied  as  the 
sheriff's  residence  and  offices.  The  exterior  is  of  Quincy  granite.  The  jail 
is  in  charge  of  Sheriff  John  M.  Clark. 

The  Probate  Office  was  in  a  plain  brick  building,  now  occupied  by  the 
probate  court,  on  the  west  side  of  Court  Square,  close  to  the  City  Hall.  In 
1872  the  quarters  were  removed  to  the  lower  floor  of  the  new  fireproof 
building  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  thus  giving  them  an  en- 
trance at  32  Tremont  Street.  The  probate  office  was  established  in  1636. 
The  first  year  there  were  2  cases,  and  the  second  year  5.  There  were  69  in 
the  year  1700,  and  166  in  the  year  1S00.  There  are  now  about  2,000  new 
probate  cases  a  year ;  and  since  the  establishment  of  the  office  there  have 


88  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

been  69,000  probate  cases.  It  is  estimated  that  the  entire  wealth  of  Boston 
passes  through  the  office  about  once  in  thirty  years.  The  judge  of  probate 
and  insolvency  is  John  W.  McKim,  who  was  appointed  in  March,  1877. 
The  register  of  probate  and  insolvency  is  Elijah  George,  who  has  held 
the  office  since  April  3,  1877.  The  assistant  register  is  John  H.  Paine ;  and 
the  clerks  James  L.  Crombie  and  Ebenezer  Gay. 

The  Registry  of  Deeds  for  Suffolk  County  is  on  the  floor  above  the 
probate  court  and  probate  office.  The  whole  number  of  instruments  re- 
corded in  the  year  ending  Oct.  1,  1882,  was  15,621.  Of  these,  12,119  were 
deeds,  and  3,502  related  to  various  other  matters  connected  with  real  estate. 
The  total  number  of  pages  occupied  by  these  documents  was  45,444.  The 
volumes  of  records  now  number  1,585,  containing  about  400  instruments  in 
each.  The  register  of  deeds  is  Thomas  F.  Temple,  who  has  been  in  office 
since  January,  1871.  The  assistant  register  is  Charles  W.  Kimball.  The 
register  of  deeds  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  three  years. 

The  Correctional  Institutions  are  conspicuous  objects  on  Deer  and 
Rainsford  Islands,  in  the  harbor.  The  House  of  Industry  is  a  large  brick 
building,  well  arranged  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  built.  The  House 
of  Reformation  for  Girls,  near  by,  is  of  wood ;  and  there  is  also,  in  the 
group,  a  brick  schoolhouse  for  truant"  boys,  a  brick  workshop  and  receiving- 
house,  and  other  buildings.  Several  of  the  pauper  institutions  are  also  on 
these  islands.  The  House  of  Correction  at  South  Boston  is  an  elaborate 
building,  thoroughly  equipped,  and  has  a  steam-engine  of  twenty-horse 
power  in  its  workshop;  and  adjoining  the  House  of  Correction  is  a  Lunatic 
Hospital.  For  the  year  ending  April  30,  1882,  the  cost  of  the  House  of 
Industry  was  $153,248,  and  its  income  $23,013;  cost  of  the  House  of  Cor- 
rection, $85,112,  and  income  $52,891;  and  cost  of  the  Lunatic  Hospital, 
$44,999,  and  income  $4,347- 

Fort  Warren  is  the  lowest  fort  in  the  harbor,  situated  at  its  entrance,  on 
George's  Island.  It  has  been  built  since  1850.  Its  stone-work  is  of  granite, 
and  it  has  a  comely  and  substantial  appearance.  During  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion  it  was  especially  used  for  the  confinement  of  Confederate  prisoners. 
Among  the  most  distinguished  of  the  latter  were  Mason  and  Slidell,  the 
Confederate  commissioners  to  England,  captured  on  board  "The  Trent." 

Fort  Independence  is  on  Castle  Island,  nearer  the  city,  almost  opposite 
South-Boston  Point.  This  island  has  been  fortified  since  1634.  Castle 
William,  which  stood  here  when  the  Revolution  broke  out,  was  fired  by  the 
retiring  British,  on  the  evacuation  of  Boston,  and  entirely  destroyed. 

Fort  Winthrop  is  on  Governor's  Island,  opposite  Fort  Independence. 
It  is  but  partly  built,  work  having  been  suspended  while  Jefferson  Davis 
was  secretary  of  war,  before  the  breaking-out  of  the  Rebellion.  It  was 
intended  to  be  the  strongest  fortification  in  the  harbor. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  89 


Ktyt  SLungs  of  tfje  Citg. 

BOSTON   COMMON,    PUBLIC    GARDEN,    PARKS,    SQUARES,    MONU- 
MENTS,   STATUES,    AND   FOUNTAINS. 

THE  need  of  a  grand  public  park,  or  series  of  parks,  of  generous  propor- 
tions and  on  an  elaborate  scale,  has  long  been  felt;  and  the  question  of 
establishing  such  parks  has  been  agitated  for  several  years.  In  1869  the 
subject  was  brought  formally  before  the  city  government,  but  no  action 
reached.  Feb.  17,  1874,  a  commission,  consisting  of  the  mayor,  two  alder- 
men, three  councilmen,  and  three  citizens  at  large,  was  appointed  to  con- 
sider the  question  ;  and  on  the  25th  of  November  they  reported  in  favor 
of  laying  out  a  park  in  some  part  of  the  territory  between  Arlington  Street 
and  Parker's  Hill,  in  the  Roxbury  district,  and  also  of  a  series  of  parks 
of  moderate  size  between  the  third  and  fourth  mile  circles  of  the  city.  On 
this  report  no  action  was  taken  by  the  city  council,  owing  to  the  lateness 
of  the  season.  The  next  year  an  act  was  obtained  from  the  Legislature, 
granting  the  city  leave  to  purchase  land  for  a  park  or  parks.  This  act  was 
accepted  by  the  people ;  and  three  commissioners  were  appointed  to  locate, 
under  certain  conditions,  one  or  more  parks.  This  commission  simply 
recommended  a  series  of  parks  in  different  sections  of  the  city,  to  be  con- 
nected by  a  park  road.  Owing  to  the  depression  in  business,  nothing 
further  was  done  in  the  matter  until  1877,  when  the  city  council  authorized 
the  Park  Commissioners,  under  whose  charge  all  the  city  parks  and  public 
grounds  will  probably  be  placed,  to  purchase  not  less  than  one  hundred 
acres  of  land  or  flats  in  the  Back-bay  district,  at  a  cost  of  not  over  ten  cents 
a  foot,  for  the  establishment  of  a  public  park.  At  the  same  time  a  loan  of 
$450,000  was  authorized  to  meet  the  purchases.  In  February,  1878,  the 
commissioners  were  authorized  to  make  further  expenditures  for  the  same 
park;  $16,000  more  being  appropriated  for  land,  and  $25,000  for  filling, 
grading,  surveying,  and  laying  out.  The  park  will  be  bounded  on  all  sides 
by  public  avenues,  and  will  occupy  a  portion  of  the  area  between  Beacon 
Street,  Brookline  Avenue,  Longwood  Avenue,  and  Parker  Street,  with 
entrances  from  each.  The  beginning  of  this  park  is  regarded  as  a  long 
stride  towards  the  much-desired  series  of  magnificent  parks,  which  will  add 
greatly  to  the  beauty,  health,  and  enjoyment  of  an  already  beautiful  and 
healthful  metropolis.  The  next  move,  it  is  expected,  will  be  the  improve- 
ment of  the  strip  oi  flats  known  as  the  Charles-river  embankment,  begin- 


90  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

ning  from  Leverett  Street,  and  extending  along  the  border  of  Charles  River 
to  Cottage-Farm  Station,  a  distance  of  nearly  2|  miles,  with  an  average 
width  of  200  feet.  An  act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  1881  enabling 
the  city  to  begin  this  notable  improvement.  It  is  proposed  to  utilize  the 
stone  in  the  abandoned  Beacon-hill  reservoir  in  building  a  large  portion  of 
the  sea-wall  of  the  embankment.  The  plans  contemplate  a  beautiful  river- 
side resort,  which  will  add  much  toward  making  Boston  what  it  is  fast 
coming  to  be,  the  most  attractive  city  on  this  continent.  In  the  summer  of 
18S1  the  city  council  appropriated  various  sums,  amounting  to  $1,500,000, 
the  proceeds  to  be  devoted  to  the  carrying-out  of  the  several  park  schemes, 
exclusive  of  the  Back-bay  park,  under  consideration  since  the  establishment 
of  the  Park  Commission  in  1875.  These  are  the  West-Roxbury,  City-Point, 
Brighton,  and  East-Boston  parks,  the  Muddy-river  improvement,  the  Charles- 
river  Embankment,  and  the  Arnold  Arboretum.  Of  the  several  schemes,  the 
West-Roxbury  Park  is  the  most  extensive.  The  chosen  site  for  this  park  is 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  within  the  city  limits.  Its  features  are  a  gentle 
valley,  nearly  a  mile  in  length,  and  of  an  average  breadth,  between  the  steeper 
slopes  of  the  bordering  hills,  of  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  It  is  in  many 
respects  a  remarkable  expanse  of  tranquil,  park-like,  natural  scenery.  Of 
the  proceeds  from  the  loan  of  $1,500,000,  it  is  proposed  to  set  aside  $600,000 
for  the  purchase  and  development  of  this  tract.  The  next  in  importance  is 
the  proposed  marine  park  at  City  Point,  South  Boston,  which  is  regarded  as 
the  most  eligible  position  in  the  harbor  for  a  water-front  esplanade.  For  the 
Brighton  Park  it  is  proposed  to  take  a  tract  of  180  acres,  to  be  connected 
with  the  driveway  about  the  Chestnut-hill  Reservoir  and'  the  general  park- 
system  ;  and  for  East  Boston  a  tract  of  50  acres  has  been  bought  by  the 
Park  Commissioners.  The  proposed  Muddy-river  improvement  is  along  the 
line  of  that  river,  partly  within  the  limits  of  the  city  and  the  town  of  Brook- 
line.  It  is  proposed  to  take  about  100  acres  of  land  here,  and,  in  improving 
them  substantially  and  attractively  for  park  purposes,  abate  a  nuisance,  and 
at  the  same  time  connect  the  Back-bay  improvement  appropriately  with  land 
already  owned  by  the  city  on  Jamaica  Pond.  The  Arnold  Arboretum  scheme 
resulted  in  the  acquisition  by  the  city  without  cost  of  about  120  acres  of 
diversified  land  which  belonged  to  Harvard  University;  the  condition  being, 
that  about  44  acres  of  additional  land  be  purchased  at  a  cost  of  about  $50,- 
000.  The  city  of  Boston  is  to  build  the  roads  within  this  area,  and  police 
the  grounds.  Harvard  University  is  to  maintain  there  a  collection  cf  all  the 
trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants  which  will  thrive  in  the  open  air  in  this 
latitude  ;  and  the  public  is  to  be  admitted  to  the  grounds  with  as  much  free- 
dom as  is  consistent  with  the  safety  of  the  collections.  It  is  a  very  beautiful 
supplement  to  the  park-system.  The  delightful  West-Roxbury  Park  was 
opened  in  May,  18S3,  and  is  reached  by  the  Oakland-garden  Highland 
horse-cars,  or  the  Forest-hills  line. 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


91 


The  Park  Commissioners  are  chiefly  well-to-do  citizens :  this  year  they 
include  Charles  H.  Dalton  (chairman),  William  Gray,  jun.,  and  Henry  Lee. 
Their  secretary  and  clerk  is  George  F.  Clarke,  and  their  office  is  room  38, 
New-England  Life- Insurance  building. 

The  Boston  Common,  of  which  the  people  of  Boston  are  justly  proud, 
is  a  natural  park,  whose  undulating  surface,  covered  with  green  grass  and 
shaded  by  over  1,000  fine  old  elm-trees,  forms  a  scene  of  rare  rural  beauty 
in  the  very  centre  of  the  busy  city.  There  is  scarcely  a  foot  of  the  forty- 
eight  acres  in  its  area  that  is  not  endeared  to  the  Bostonian  by  some  per- 
sonal or  historic  association.  There  are  five  malls,  or  broad  walks,  bordered 
with  noble  trees;  and  these  are  known  as  the  Tremont-street,  Park-street, 
Beacon-street,  Charles-street,  and  Boylston-street  malls.  The  Beacon-street 
mall  is  the  most  beautiful.  The  entire  Common  is  surrounded  by  an  iron 
fence,  5,932  feet  in  length.  On  the  Tremont-street  side  there  is  a  low  iron 
fence,  with  numerous  entrances.  The  objects  of  special  interest  in  the 
Common  are  nu- 
On  Flag- 


merous. 
staff  Hill  is  the 
great  Soldiers'  and 
Sailors'  Monument, 
described  in  this 
chapter.  Near  the 
Park-street  mall  is 
the  Brewer  Foun- 
tain, which  was  pre- 
sented to  the  city 
by  the  late  Gardner 
Brewer.  It  was 
cast  in  Paris,  and 
is  a  bronze  copy 
of  a  fountain  de- 
signed by  Lienard 
of  that  city.  At 
the  base  there  are 
figures  represent- 
ing Neptune  and 
Amphitrite,  Acis 
and  Galatea.      The 


The  Frog   Pond,   Boston  Common. 


Frog  Pond,  a  picturesque  sheet  of  water  near  Flag-staff  Hill,  adds  much 
to  the  beauty  of  the  Common.  On  special  occasions  a  fine  jet  of  water 
is  made  to  play  near  the  east  end  of  the  pond.  Near  the  Boylston- 
street  mall  is  a  deer-park,  enclosed  by  a  high  wire  grating,  where  a  con- 


92  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

tented  family  of  deer  can  be  seen  grazing.      The  Central  burying-ground, 
referred    to   in    the   chapter  on   cemeteries,    adjoins    the    deer-park.      The 
portion  of  the  Common  between  Flag-staff  Hill  and  the  Charles-street  mall 
is  used  as  a  parade-ground  by  the  State  militia.     It  was  formerly  used  as 
a  play-ground  for  the  boys.      Near  the  "long  walk"  from  Joy  Street  to 
Boylston  Street  there   is   a   band-stand,  where   on   summer  evenings   free 
open-air   concerts    are   given  at  the  city's  expense.      There  are  over  200 
benches    and    several    drinking-fountains  in  various  parts  of  the  grounds. 
During1  the  warm  weather  the  children  find  much  delight  in  the  Punch-and- 
Judy  show,  the  camera  obscura,  etc.,  on  the  Tremont-street  mall,  near  the 
West-street  gate.     The  Old  Elm  which  stood  near  the  "long  walk,"  at  the 
foot  of  Flag-staff  Hill,  was  in  its  day  considered  the  "  oldest  inhabitant " 
of  Boston.     It  was  a  tree  of  unknown  age,  and  was  believed  to  have  stood 
there  before  the  settlement  of  the  town  in  1630.     It  was  already  decrepit 
as  long  ago  as  1755.     It  was  over  72  feet  high,  and  measured  22^  feet  in 
circumference  one  foot  above  the  ground.     After  resisting  many  a  storm, 
it  was  blown  down  in  the  winter  of  1876.     An  iron  fence  surrounds  the  spot 
where  it  stood,  and  where  now  a  shoot  bids  fair  to  flourish  in  its  place, 
and  thus  perpetuate  the  line  of   family  descent.     The   history  of   Boston 
Common  is  full  of  interest.     When  the  city  charter  was  drawn  up,  a  clause 
was  inserted  making  the  Common  public  property  forever,  and  placing  it 
beyond  the  power  of  the  city  either  to  sell  or  give  away.     The  original 
use  to  which   the  land  was  put  was   for   a  pasture   of   cattle,   and  for  -a 
parade-ground   of   the   military.      It  was  called  Centry  Field,  and  in  164c 
embraced  the  land  east  of  Park  Street  as  far  as  the  Tremont  House,  and 
was   bounded   by  the   water  of   the    Charles   River,   where   Charles  Street 
now  is,  on  the  west.      On  the  Tremont-street  side  it  extended  to  where 
Mason  Street  now  is.     Before  the  Revolution  it  was  enclosed  by  a  wooden 
fence.      Drake,  in  his    entertaining  "  Landmarks  of    Boston,"   recalls  the 
fact  that  a  part  of  the  forces  that  captured  Louisburg  assembled  on  the 
Common ;  the  troops  that  conquered  Quebec  were  recruited  here  by  Am- 
herst; it  was  the   mustering-place  for  the  conflicts  which  ushered  in  the 
American  Revolution,   and  the  fortified  camp  which  held  the  beleaguered 
town  in  subjection.     It  is  associated  with  the  deep  horrors  of  the  witch- 
craft executions,  and  with  the  eloquence  of  Whitefield.     From  the  foot  of 
the  Common  the  British  troops  embarked  for  Lexington  the  night  before 
April  19,  1775.     On  the  Common  were  arrayed  the  British  forces  engaged  at 
Bunker  Hill  before  they  crossed  the  river.     In  the  dreary  winter  of  1775~'76 
there  were  over  1,700  red-coats  behind  their  earthworks  on  the  Common, 
waiting  for  Washington   to  attack    the    town.     On    Flag-staff    Hill  was    a 
square  redoubt ;  near  the   Frog-pond  was  a  powder-house.     Trenches  were 
made  all  along  the  water-front,   where   on    sunny  afternoons    the   pensive 


A'ZA'G'S    HAA'nnoOK    OF   BOSTON. 


93 


94  AVJVG'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

tramp  now  slumbers  on  the  benches  of  the  Charles-street  mall.  Other 
reminiscences  of  past  events  with  which  the  Common  is  associated  will 
readily  occur  to  the  reader.  During  the  British  occupation.  Gen.  Gage 
was  successfully  appealed  to  by  the  Boston  boys  in  behalf  of  their  right  of 
coasting  on  the  Common,  —  a  right  which  is  still  enjoyed.  In  1728  Henry 
Phillips,  a  nephew  of  Peter  Faneuil,  killed  Benjamin  Woodbridge  in  a  duel 
with  rapiers,  near  the  Old  Elm;  the  quarrel  arising  from  a  love-affair.  In 
1766  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act  was  brilliantly  celebrated  on  the  Common, 
which  was  also  the  scene  of  a  great  celebration  in  184S,  when  the  Cochituate 
water  was  first  introduced  into  the  city. 

The  Public  Garden  is  an  improvement  of  comparatively  recent  date, 
though  long  ago  contemplated.  Nearly  all  the  work  of  beautifying  it  has 
been  clone  within  the  past  fifteen  years.  It  was  marsh-lands  and  flats  a 
hundred  years  ago.  For  twenty  years,  from  1795  or  thereabouts,  the  terri- 
tory was  occupied  by  five  long  rope-walks.  The  town  granted  the  lands, 
rent  free,  to  the  rope-makers,  after  the  destruction  of  their  buildings  in  Pearl 
and  Atkinson  (now  Congress)  Streets  by  fire,  in  1794,  for  two  reasons,  —  to 
prevent  the  erection  of  buildings  in  a  district  they  endangered,  and  to  help 
the  crippled  proprietors.  When,  in  18 19,  these  rope-walks,  in  turn,  were 
burned,  the  holders  decided  not  to  rebuild,  but  to  cut  up  the  territory  into 
building-lots,  and  sell  it  for  business  and  dwelling  purposes  ;  its  value  having 
been  greatly  enhanced  by  the  opening  of  Charles  Street  in  1804,  and  the 
Mill-dam  project  then  under  way,  which,  when  completed,  would  convert  the 
marshes  and  flats  into  dry  lands.  The  territory  then  commanded  a  beautiful 
view  of  the  Charles  and  its  shores  beyond;  and  the  idea  of  transforming  it 
into  a  public  garden  was  conceived.  The  people  strongly  objected  to  the 
rope-makers'  scheme,  and  in  1S24  decided,  by  a  popular  vote,  that  the  lands 
should  not  be  sold  for  building  purposes;  and  the  city,  by  paying  $50,000, 
the  sum  awarded  by  referees,  to  whom  the  rope-makers'  claim  was  referred, 
regained  possession  of  the  territory  which  the  town  had  given  away.  The 
agitation  for  buildings  and  residences  on  this  territory  still  continued,  how- 
ever; and  it  was  not  until  1859  that  the  question  was  settled  finally,  by  act 
of  the  Legislature  and  vote  of  the  city.  The  Public  Garden  now  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  spots  in  the  city.  While  the  Common  is  a  park  of  stately 
trees  and  broad  walks,  this  is,  precisely  as  its  name  indicates,  a  public  gar- 
den, with  dainty  flower-beds,  plants,  shrubbery,  grass-plats,  stretches  of 
closely-clipped  lawns,  and  narrow  winding  gravel  paths.  In  its  midst  is  a 
pretty  pond,  irregularly  laid  out;  and  in  the  summer-time  this  is  bright  with 
gayly-canopied  pleasure-boats.  An  iron  bridge,  with  granite  piers  and 
imposing  design,  spans  it:  and  the  winding  walks  along  its  margin,  and  the 
seats  under  the  few  lar^e  trees  near  its  brink,  are  much  sought  on  pleasant 
afternoons.       Near    the    central    path,    from    the    Arlington-street    entrance 


AVArG'S   HAKDBOOK  OF  BOSTO/V. 


95 


9b 


A'/XG'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


across  the  bridge  to  Charles  Street,  is  the  most  interesting  fountain  in 
the  garden.  It  is  so  arranged  that  it  throws  a  tine  spray  over  and  about 
a  small  and  graceful  statue  of  Venus  rising  from  the  Sea,  producing  a 
very  pleasing  effect.  There  are  also  several  other  statues,  which  will  be 
described  farther  on  in  this  chapter.  The  area  of  the  Public  Garden  is 
about  24^  acres  :  and  it  is  bounded  by  Charles.  Boylston,  Arlington,  and 
beacon  Streets. 


£>    M 


The  Public  Garden.     View  from    Boylston  Street. 

Other  Parks  in  the  city  proper  are  small,  and  are  frequented  chiefly  by 
residents  in  their  immediate  neighborhood.  At  the  South  End  are  Franklin 
Square,  on  the  east  side  of  Washington  Street,  bounded  by  Washington, 
James,  East  lirookline,  and  East  Newton  Streets;  and  Blackstone  Square, 

on  the  west  side  of  Washington  Street,  bounded  by  Washington,  West 
lirookline,  West  Newton  Streets,  and  Shawmut  Avenue.  There  was  a  hot 
skirmish  here  in  1775  between  the  American  and  British  troops.  Each  has 
a  fountain,  and  contains  about  2=  acres.  Worcester  Square,  between  Wash- 
ington Street  and  Harrison  Avenue,  and  Union  Park,  between  'Fremont 
Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue,  each  containing  over  ;.'f  of  an  acre:  and  Ches- 
ter Square,  between  Tremont  Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue,  containing"  about 
[^  acres  —  are  modest  parks,  the  last  the  most  extensive  and  ambitious  in 
its  adornments,  with  roadway  on  each  side  lined  with  tine  residences, 
some  of  them  quite   elegant   in  appearance,  and  costly.      In  the  centre  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


97 


Chester  Park  are  a  beautiful  fountain  and  a  fish-pond  ;  and  the  place  is  much 
frequented  by  the  pretty  children  and  trim  nursery-maids  of  the  neighbor- 
hood. At  the  West  End,  on  Cambridge,  corner  of  Lynde  Street,  in  front 
of  the  West  Church,  is  a  bit  of  a  park,  old-fashioned,  with  trees  and 
shrubbery  well-grown,  known  as  Lowell  Square.  At  the  junction  of  Tremont, 
Clarendon,  and  Montgom- 
ery Streets,  is  an  open  space 
called  Montgomery  Square. 
Throughout  the  length  of 
Commonwealth  Avenue  ex- 
tends a  strip  of  park  land, 
beautifully  adorned  with 
trees  and  shrubbery,  and 
ornamented  with  statues 
and  fountains. 

In  South  Boston  are  two 
attractive  parks,  especially 
noteworthy  for  the  superb 
views  they  command  of  the 
city  and  the  harbor.  One, 
on  Telegraph  Hill,  is  known 
as  Thomas  Park ;  and  the 
other,  on  Broadway,  Second, 

M,  and    N  Streets,  is   called  Fountain,  Blackstone  Square. 

Independence  Square.  The  first  contains  about  4^  acres,  and  the  second 
6£  acres.  There  is  also,  bounded  by  Emerson,  Fourth,  and  M  Streets,  a 
small  park  called  Lincoln  Square.  The  largest  squares  in  East  Boston  are 
Central  Square,  at  Meridian  and„Border  Streets,  containing  \  of  an  acre; 
and  Belmont  Square,  bounded  b)r  Webster,  Sumner,  Lamson,  and  Seaver 
Streets,  of  almost  the  same  area.  These  are  enclosed  by  iron  fences,  and 
their  paths  are  well  shaded.  Other  squares  in  East  Boston  are  Putnam 
Square,  located  at  Putnam,  White,  and  Trenton  Streets  ;  Prescott  Square, 
at  Trenton,  Eagle,  and  Prescott  Streets  ;  and  Maverick  Square,  at  Sumner 
and  Maverick  Streets. 

Through  annexation  Boston  became  possessed  of  several  local  parks 
and  squares,  which  had  received  much  attention  from  the  old  municipali- 
ties. Some  of  these  have  been  further  improved  since  annexation,  and 
all  have  received  the  same  care  bestowed  upon  the  parks  and  squares 
of  the  city  proper.  In  the  Roxbury  district,  the  largest  is  Washington 
Park,  at  Dale  and  Bainbridge  Streets,  containing  more  than  9  acres. 
Other  parks  in  this  district  are  Orchard  Park,  at  Chadwick,  Orchard-park, 
and  Yeoman    Streets,  containing  over  2  acres ;   Longwood  Park,  at  Park 


98  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

and  Austin  Streets,  about  h  an  acre ;  Walnut  Park,  between  Washington 
Street  and  Walnut  Avenue;  Bromley  Park,  from  Albert  to  Bickford  Streets  ; 
Lewis  Park,  Highland  and  New  Streets  ;  and  Linwood  Park,  Centre  and 
Linwood  Streets.  Madison  Square,  situated  at  Sterling,  Marble,  Warwick, 
and  Westminster  Streets,  includes  nearly  3  acres ;  and  Fountain  Square, 
Walnut  Avenue,  from  Monroe  to  Townsend  Streets,  embraces  about  2^ 
acres.  Around  the  stand-pipe  of  the  Cochituate  Water-works,  on  the  "  Old 
Fort  "  lot,  between  Beech-glen  and  Fort  Avenues,  is  a  little  park  tastefully 
laid  out. 

In  the  Dorchester  district  the  principal  park,  or  square  as  it  is  called,  is 
on  Meeting-house  Hill,  one  of  the  landmarks  in  this  historic  section  of  the 
present  city.  Here  stands  the  soldiers'  monument.  On  the  top  of  the  hill 
known  as  Mount  Bowdoin  is  a  square,  pleasantly  laid  out;  and  at  Church 
and  Bowdoin  Streets  is  Eaton  Square. 

In  the  Charlestown  district  the  largest  park,  or  square,  is  near  "  The 
Neck."  It  is  bounded  by  Main,  Cambridge,  Sever,  and  Gardner  Streets ; 
contains  about  1^  acres  enclosed  by  an  iron  fence,  and  is  known  as  Sulli- 
van Square.  In  Winthrop  Square,  containing  about  4  of  an  acre,  bounded 
by  Winthrop,  Common,  and  Adams  Streets,  is  situated  the  soldiers'  and 
sailors'  monument.  One  of  the  oldest  squares,  at  the  head  of  Bow,  Main, 
and  Chelsea  Streets,  is  City  Square,  which,  like  the  others,  is  enclosed  by 
an  iron  fence,  and  is  trim  and  inviting  in  appearance. 

The  only  park  in  the  Brighton  district  is  called  Jackson  Square.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Chestnut-hill  Avenue,  Union,  and  Winship  Streets, 
and  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  curb.  The  walks  and  drives  about  the  Chestnut- 
hill  Reservoir,  elsewhere  described,  are  also  much  enjoyed  by  the  residents 
of  this  district. 

Boston  is  richer  than  most  American  cities  in  works  of  art  exposed  in 
her  public  ways  and  parks,  though  not  so  rich  as  she  ought  to  be,  and  will 
probably  be  in  the  course  of  a  few  years.  The  finest  piece  of  statuary  in 
the  city,  displayed  out  of  doors,  is 

The  Equestrian  Statue  of  Washington,  by  Thomas  Ball,  which  is  placed 
in  the  Public  Garden,  at  the  Arlington-street  entrance,  opposite  Common- 
wealth Avenue.  It  is  said  to  be  the  largest  piece  of  its  kind  in  America. 
The  movement  for  its  erection  began  in  the  spring  of  1859.  The  first  sub- 
stantial contribution  to  the  fund  was  from  the  receipts  of  an  oration  by 
Robert  C.  Winthrop  in  the  Music  Hall  that  year;  and,  in  November  follow- 
ing, a  great  fair  for  its  benefit  was  held  with  gratifying  success.  The  city 
appropriated  $10,000;  and  $5,000  of  the  surplus  money  of  the  Everett  statue 
fund,  given  after  the  completion  of  that  work,  brought  the  fund  up  to  the 
required  amount.     The  contract  with  Ball  was  made  in  1859,  and  four  years 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


99 


after  he  had  completed  the  model :  but,  owing  to  the  war,  the  casting  was 
delayed ;  and  it  was  not  until  1869,  on  the  3d  of  July,  that  the  statue  was  in 
place  and  unveiled.  It  was  regarded  as  a  matter  for  special  congratulation, 
and  not  a  little  boasting,  that  all  the  work  upon  it  was  done  by  Massachu- 
setts artists  and  artisans.  The  height  of  the  statue  is  22  feet,  and  with  the 
pedestal  reaches  38  feet.  The  foundation  is  of  solid  masonry,  resting  on 
piles  eleven  feet  deep ;  and  the  pedestal  itself  is  a  fine  piece  of  work. 

The  Daniel  Webster  Statue,  in  the  State-House  grounds,  facing  Beacon 
Street,  is  of  bronze,  by  Hiram  Powers.  It  was  the  second  of  Webster 
executed  by  the  sculptor,  the  first  having  been  lost  at  sea  while  being 
brought  from  Leghorn.     It  was  placed  in  position  in  1859,  a"d  cost  $IO>00°- 

The  Horace  Mann  Statue,  ere'cted  in  1865,  also  in  front  of  the  State 
House,  was  the  work  of  Emma  Stebbins  ;  and  the  fund  for  its  execution  was 
raised  by  contributions  from  school-teachers  and  children  throughout  the 
State.  The  State  paid  for  the  pedestal.  The  statues  within  the  State  House 
are  mentioned  in  the  sketch  of  the  State  House,  in  another  chapter. 

The  Alexander  Hamilton  Statue  was  the  first  placed  in  Commonwealth 
Avenue.  It  is  of  granite,  by  Dr.  Rimmer,  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
in  the  country  cut  from  that  material.  It  was  presented  to  the  city  by 
Thomas  Lee,  in  1865,  and  was  put  in  place  at  his  expense.  On  the  sides 
of  the  substantial  granite  pedestal  are  the  following  inscriptions :  — 


ALEXANDER    HAMILTON, 

BORN    IN  THE  ISLAND  OF 

NEVIS,  WEST   INDIES 

11    JANUARY    1757, 

DIED    IN    NEW   YORK    12   JULY    1804. 


ORATOR,     WRITER,     SOLDIER,     JURIST, 

FINANCIER. 
ALTHOUGH    HIS    PARTICULAR 
PROVINCE    WAS    THE   TREASURY, 
HIS    GENIUS    PERVADED    THE   WHOLE 
ADMINISTRATION    OF    WASHINGTON. 


The  Edward  Everett  Statue,  in  the  Public  Garden,  on  the  Beacon-street 
side,  is  by  W.  W.  Story,  modelled  in  Rome  in  1866,  cast  in  Munich,  and  form- 
ally presented  to  the  city,  and  put  in  place  in  November,  1867.  The  statue 
fund  was  raised  by  popular  subscription  in  1865,  with  remarkable  success, 
and  grew  so  large  that  there  was  a  surplus  after  the  completion  of  the  work, 
out  of  which  a  portrait  of  Everett  for  Faneuil  Hall  was  paid  for,  $5,000,  as 
elsewhere  stated,  given  to  the  Washington  equestrian  statue  fund,  and 
$10,000  given  to  the  Governor  Andrew  statue  fund.  The  Everett  statue 
has  been  sharply  criticised,  though  it  has  many  admirers.  It  represents 
the  orator  as  standing  with  his  head  thrown  back,  and  his  right  arm 
extended  and  raised,  in  the  act  of  making  a  favorite  gesture. 


loo  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

The  John  Glover  Statue,  on  Commonwealth  Avenue,  is  by  Martin  Mil- 
more,  and  was  given  to  the  city  by  Benjamin  Tyler  Reed  in  1875.  It  is  of 
bronze,  of  heroic  size,  and  represents  the  sturdy  old  soldier  in  Continental 
uniform,  with  the  heavy  military  overcoat  hanging  in  graceful  folds  from  his 
shoulders.  His  left  leg  is  advanced,  with  the  foot  resting  on  a  cannon;  and 
in  his  right  hand  he  holds  his  sword,  the  point  resting  on  the  ground,  while 
the  empty  scabbard  is  grasped  in  his  left.      The  inscription  is  as  follows:  — 


JOHN     G  LOVER, 

OF    MARBLEHEAD, 
A   SOLDIER   OF   THE   REVOLUTION. 


HE    COMMANDED    A'    REGIMENT    OF 
ONE    THOUSAND    MEN    RAISED    IN    THAT    TOWN,, 

KNOWN    AS    THE    MARINE    REGIMENT, 

AND    ENLISTED    TO    SERVE    THROUGH    THE    WAR; 

HE    JOINED    THE    CAMP    AT    CAMBRIDGE,    JUNE    22,    1775, 

AND    RENDERED    DISTINGUISHED    SERVICE    IN    TRANSPORTING 

THE  ARMY    FROM    BROOKLYN    TO   NEW    YORK,    AUG.    28,    1776, 

AND    ACROSS    THE    DELAWARE,    DEC.    25,    1776. 

HE    WAS    APPOINTED    BY 

THE    CONTINENTAL    CONGRESS,    A    BRIGADIER    GENERAL, 

FEBRUARY    21,    1777. 

BY    HIS    COURAGE,     ENERGY,    MILITARY    TALENTS 

AND    PATRIOTISM,    HE    SECURED    THE    CONFIDENCE    OF 

WASHINGTON, 

AND    THE    GRATITUDE    OF    HIS    COUNTRY. 

BORN     NOVEMBER    5,    1732, 
DIED    AT    MARBLEHEAD,    JANUARY  30,    1797. 


The  statue  stands  on  a  substantial  granite  pedestal. 

The  Aristides  and  Columbus  Statues  in  Louisburg  Square,  which  ex- 
tends from  Mount  Vernon  to  Pinckney  Street,  are  specimens  of  Italian  art, 
which  were  imported  by  the  late  Joseph  Iasigi,  long  a  prominent  Boston 
merchant,  and  given  to  the  city. 

The  Benjamin  Franklin  Statue,  to  the  left  of  the  path  leading  to  the 
main  entrance  of  the  City  Hall,  is  by  Richard  S.  Greenough,  and  was  cast 
by  the  Ames  Manufacturing  Company  of  Chicopee,  Mass.  It  is  a  large 
statue,  eight  feet  high,  standing  on  a  granite  pedestal,  capped  with  a  block 
of  verd-antique  marble.     The  four  bas-reliefs  represent  as  many  periods  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK'    OF   BOSTON. 


IOI 


i.  Bunker  Hill,  Charlestown.         2.  Alex.  Hamilton,  3.  Gen.  Glover,  Commonwealth  Ave.        4.  Army 
ind  Navy,  Charlestown.      5.  Gov.  Andrew,  State  House.      6.  Benj.  Franklin,  front  of  City  Hall. 


MONUMENTS    AND   STATUES    IN    BOSTON. 


102 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


Franklin's  career.  This  statue  was  publicly  inaugurated  in  1856.  A  simi- 
lar statue  of  Josiah  Quincy  has  been  placed  on  the  right  of  the  path. 

Of  private  work  publicly  displayed,  the  most  noteworthy  are  the  three 
typical  figures  in  granite  on  the  front  and  top  of  Horticultural  Hall,  corner 
of  Tremont  and  Bromfield  Streets,  representing  Flora,  Ceres,  and  Pomona, 
cut  by  Martin  Milmore;  and  the  figure  of  the  Saviour,  copied  from  Thor- 
waldsen,  on  the  apex  of  the  pediment  of  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  on  Harrison  Avenue. 

The  Ether  Monument  was  presented  by  Thomas  Lee  to  the  city,  in 
1868.  It  is  a  fine  piece  of  work,  and  well  placed  on  the  Public  Garden,  on 
the  Arlington-street  side,  towards  Beacon  Street.  On  one  side  is  this 
inscription  :  — 


TO    COMMEMORATE 

THE    DISCOVERY 

THAT    THE    INHALING    OF    ETHER 

CAUSES    INSENSIBILITY    TO    PAIN. 

FIRST     PROVED    TO    THE    WORLD 

AT    THE 

MASS.    GENERAL     HOSPITAL 

IN     BOSTON, 
OCTOBER     A.D.     MDCCCXLVI. 


On  each  of  the  sides  are  medallions,  well  executed  in  marble,  representing 
the  physician  and  the  surgeon  operating  upon  the  sick  and  injured,  under  the 
influence  of  ether  ;  and  the  shaft  is  surmounted  by  two  admirably  modelled 
figures.     The  monument  is  of  granite  and  red  marble. 

The  Army  and  Navy  Monument,  erected  by  the  City  of  Boston  in  mem- 
ory of  her  sons  who  fell  in  the  civil  war,  stands  on  Flag-staff  Hill  in  the 
Common.  Martin  Milmore  of  Boston  was  the  sculptor.  The  shaft  is  of 
white  Maine  granite,  and  reaches  a  height  of  over  70  feet.  The  foundation 
is  of  solid  masonry,  cruciform  in  shape,  built  up  from  a  depth  of  16  feet  to 
the  ground  level.  On  this  is  a  platform  of  stone,  covering  an  area  38  feet 
square,  and  reached  by  three  steps.  From  this  platform  rises  a  plinth,  nine 
feet  high,  with  projecting  pedestals  at  each  of  the  four  corners.  These 
pedestals  are  ornamented  upon  the  sides  and  front  with  carved  wreaths  of 
laurel.  Upon  them  stand  four  bronze  figures,  each  eight  feet  high,  repre- 
senting Peace,  History,  the  Army,  and  the  Navy.  The  statue  of  Peace 
represents  a  female  figure,  robed  in  classic  drapery,  seated  on  a  stone.     Her 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


103 


right  arm  is  raised  and  extended,  and  in  her  hand  she  holds  an  olive-branch 
toward  the  south.     The  figure  representing  the  Muse  of  History  also  occu- 
pies a  sitting  position,  and  is  clad  in  simple  Greek  costume.     The  left  hand 
holds  a  tablet  which  rests  upon  the  knee  ;  in  the  right  is  a  stylus.    A  wreath 
of  laurel  encircles  the  head.     The  face  is  turned  slightly  away  and  upward, 
as  if  in  meditation.     The  statue  of  the  Sailor  faces  the  sea.     It  is  in  an  easy 
attitude,  the  right  hand  resting  upon  a  drawn  cutlass,  whose  point  touches 
the  ground,  the  left  hand  supported  by  the  hip.     The  naval  costume  is  well 
executed.     The  army  is  represented  by  the  figure  of  a  Soldier,  standing  at 
ease,  with  overcoat,  belt,  and  accoutrements.     His  musket  rests  upon  the 
ground.     One  hand  clasps  its  barrel ;  the  other 
rests  upon  the  muzzle.     On  the  four  sides  of 
the  plinth,  between  the   pedestals,  are   bronze 
mezzo-relievos,  5  feet  6  inches  in  length  by  2 
feet  6  inches  in  width,  symbolical  of  incidents 
of  the  war.    That  on  the  front  of  the  monument 
represents  the  departure  of  troops  for  the  war, 
and  introduces  the  portraits  of   Gov.  Andrew, 
Archbishop   Williams,    A.    H.    Vinton,    D.D., 
Phillips  Brooks,  D.D.,  Wendell  Phillips,  Henry 
W.  Longfellow,  and   others,    standing   on   the 
State  House  steps,  while  with  the  troops  march- 
ing by  are  Gen.  Butler,  Gen.  Reed,  Col.  Cass, 
Col.  Shaw,  and  Gen.  Chas.  Russell  Lowell.    The 
relief  symbolizing  the  works  of 
the  Sanitary  Commission   has 
two   parts ;    one   showing    the 
prominent    members     of     the 
commission    from    Boston    in 
consultation,  the   other  repre- 
senting the  work  in  the    field. 
Portraits    are    given    of    Gov. 
Rice,   James    Russell    Lowell, 
Ezra  H.  Gannett,  D.D.,  E.  R. 
Mudge,  George  Ticknor,  Mar- 
shall P.  Wilder,   Col.  W.  W. 
Clapp,  the  Rev.  E.  E.  Hale,  and 
several  ladies.     The  "  Return 
from   the  War "    is    the    most 
elaborate  relief.     It  represents 


Army  and   Navy  Monument,   Boston  Common. 


a  regiment  drawn  up  in  front  of  the  State  House.     On  the  steps  are  Gov. 
Andrew,  Dr.  Edward  Reynolds,  Henry  Wilson,  Gov.  Claflin,  Mayor  Shurt- 


ic>4 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


leff,  Judge  Putnam,  Charles  Sumner,  and  others.  Gens.  Banks,  Devens, 
Bartlett,  and  Underwood  are  on  horseback.  The  fourth  relief  commemo- 
rates the  achievements  of  the  navy,  and  has  two  parts.  The  left-hand  por- 
tion shows  a  group  of  1 1  figures,  and  represents  the  departure  of  sailors 
from  home  ;  while  on  the  right  is  a  view  of  a  naval  engagement. 

On  the  plinth  rests  the  pedestal  proper,  14  feet  3  inches  high,  terminating 
in  a  surbase.  The  sides  of  the  die  are  panelled.  In  that  facing  the  south 
is  cut  the  following  inscription,  written  by  Charles  W.  Eliot,  president  of 
Harvard  University :  — 


TO    THE    MEN    OF    BOSTON 

WHO    DIED    FOR    THEIR    COUNTRY 

ON    LAND    AND    SEA    IN    THE    WAR 

WHICH    KEPT    THE    UNION    WHOLE 

DESTROYED    SLAVERY 

AND    MAINTAINED    THE    CONSTITUTION 

THE   GRATEFUL  CITY 

HAS    BUILT    THIS    MONUMENT 

THAT    THEIR    EXAMPLE    MAY    SPEAK 

TO    COMING    GENERATIONS 


From  the  surbase  of  the  pedestal  rises  the  granite  shaft,  which  is  of  the 
Roman-Doric  order.  About  its  base  are  grouped  figures  in  alto-relievo, 
representing  the  four  sections  of  the  Union,  —  North,  South,  East,  and 
West.  Sculptured  wreaths  surround  the  shaft  at  irregular  intervals.  The 
capstone  is  a  circular  block  of  granite,  2  feet  1 1  inches  high  and  5  feet  in 
diameter.  On  this  stands  the  bronze  ideal  statue  of  the  Genius  of  America, 
which  was  cast  in  Philadelphia,  and  is  1 1  feet  high,  representing  a  female 
dressed  in  a  flowing  robe.  Over  the  robe  is  a  loose  tunic  bound  with  a  gir- 
dle at  the  waist.  A  heavy  mantle,  clasped  at  the  throat,  is  thrown  back  over 
the  shoulder,  and  falls  the  full  length  of  the  figure  behind.  On  the  head  is 
a  crown  with  13  stars.  In  the  right  hand,  which  rests  upon  the  hilt  of  an 
unsheathed  sword,  are  two  laurel  wreaths.  The  left  hand  holds  a  banner 
draped  about  a  staff',  which  reaches  to  a  height  of  6  feet  above  the  head. 
The  face  fronts  towards  the  south,  and  the  head  is  slightly  bowed.  The 
cost  of  the  entire  monument  was  $75,000.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  Sept. 
18,  1871,  on  which  occasion  there  was  a  great  parade.  The  dedication  took 
place  Sept.  17,  1877,  when  over  25,000  men  marched  in  the  procession,  in- 


i.  Fountain,  Union  Square.  4-   Fountain,  Chester  Square. 

2.  Dorchester  Soldiers'  Monument.  3-  Harvard  Monument 

MONUMENTS    AND    FOUNTAINS    IN    BOSTON. 


Fountain,  Sullivan  Square 


io6  ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

eluding  the  militia  of  the  State,  the  veterans  of  the  Grand  Army,  the  lead- 
ing generals  of  the  civil  war.  the  State  and  city  officials,  civic  societies,  the 
school  children,  etc.  The  procession  marched  over  a  route  more  than  six 
miles  long,  and  was  four  hours  in  passing  a  given  point,  all  delays  excluded. 
The  principal  feature  of  the  dedication  ceremonies  was  an  oration  bv  Tien. 
Charles  Devens. 

The  Bunker-Hill  Monument  stands  in  the  centre  of  Monument  Square, 
on  Breed's  Hill,  where  the  redoubt  was  thrown  up  by  the  Americans  on  the 
night  before  the  battle.  It  is  c 2 1 ,\  feet  high,  and  6.700  tons  of  Ouincv 
granite  were  used  in  its  construction.  The  base  is  30  feet  square,  and  the 
column  tapers  gradually  to  15?  feet  at  the  apex.  Inside  the  shaft  is  a  hollow 
cone,  surrounding  which  is  a  spiral  flight  of  295  stone  steps  ascending  to  a 
chamber  11  feet  square  and  17  feet  high,  whence  a  beautiful  view  is  obtained 
on  a  clear  day  from  the  four  windows.  The  capstone  of  the  apex,  above  this 
observatory,  is  in  one  piece,  and  weighs  2-.V  tons.  The  room  contains  two 
small  cannon,  the  inscriptions  on  which  tell  their  story.  The  corner-stone 
of  the  monument  was  laid  June  17.  1S25,  by  Gen.  Lafayette:  and  the  oration 
was  by  Daniel  Webster.  The  work  was  under  the  direction  of  Solomon 
Willard.  The  monument  cost  over  $150,000.  1 1  was  dedicated  June  17, 
1843.  on  which  occasion  Daniel  Webster  was  again  the  orator,  President 
Tyler  and  his  cabinet  being  present.  The  centennial  anniversary  of  the 
battle,  on  June  17.  1875,  has  been  referred  to.  The  monument  is  under  the 
charge  of  the  Bunker-hill  Monument  Association.  At  its  foot  a  modest 
slab  marks  the  spot  where  Gen.  Warren  was  killed. 

The  Harvard  Monument,  to  the  memory  of  John  Harvard,  erected  from 
subscriptions  of  graduates  of  Harvard  College,  is  situated  on  the  top  of  the 
hill  in  the  old  graveyard  near  the  State  prison,  in  the  Charlestown  district. 
It  is  a  solid  granite  shaft.  On  the  eastern  face  is  inscribed  the  name  John 
Harvard,  and  on  a  marble  tablet  the  following  words  :  — 

ON   THE   TWENTY-SIXTH    DAY   SE1TEMBER    A.D.    1828 

THIS   STONE   WAS    ERECTED    BY   THE 

GRADUATES   OF  THE   UNIVERSITY   AT  CAMBRIDGE 

IN   HONOR   OF    ITS    FOUNDER 

WHO    DIED    AT   CHARLESTOWN 

ON   THE   TWENTY-SIXTH    DAY    OE    SEPTEMBER    A.D.    1638 

On  the  western  side  is  an  inscription  in  Latin,  of  which  the  following  is 
a  free  translation  :  "  That  one  who  merits  so  much  from  our  literary  men 
should  no  longer  be  without  a  monument,  however  humble,  the  graduates  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  New  England,  have  erected  this  stone,  nearly 
two  hundred  years  after  his  death,  in  pious  and  perpetual  remembrance 
of  John  Harvard."  At  the  dedication  of  this  monument,  Edward  Everett 
delivered  the  oration. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  107 

The  Charlestown  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Monument  stands  in  Winthrop 
Square,  once  the  old  militia  training-ground,  set  apart  in  colonial  days.  On 
a  high  pedestal  stands  a  group  of  three  figures,  the  "Genius  of  America" 
holding  out  laurel  wreaths  above  the  soldier  and  sailor  standing  on  each 
side.  The  sculptor  was  Martin  Milmore.  The  monument  is  of  Hallowell 
granite,  and  cost  $20,000.  The  dedication  took  place  on  the  ninety-seventh 
anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1872;  and  the  address  was 
by  Richard  Frothingham.  On  the  occasion  of  the  memorable  centennial 
celebration  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1875,  the  Fifth  Maryland 
Regiment,  of  the  visiting  military  organizations  from  the  South,  placed  upon 
this  monument  a  beautiful  floral  shield,  as  a  token  of  their  good-will  towards 
their  Northern  guests,  and  as  a  tribute  to  the  Northern  heroes  who  had 
fallen  in  the  unhappy  civil  conflict.  The  act  was  gracefully  performed,  with- 
out ostentation.  "  The  Marylanders,"  the  local  press  of  the  day  reported, 
"  visited  Charlestown  very  quietly,  notifying  nobody  beforehand,  and  going 
entirely  without  escort.  They  carried  with  them  a  magnificent  floral  shield, 
composed  of  white  and  carnation  pinks,  inscribed  '  Maryland's  tribute  to 
Massachusetts,'  and  marched  to  Winthrop  Square,  in  which  stands  the 
beautiful  monument  erected  by  Charlestown  to  the  memory  of  her  sons  who 
fell  in  the  military  and  naval  service  during  the  war.  Here  the  regiment 
halted,  forming  three  sides  of  a  square  around  the  monument;  the  band 
played  a  dirge,  and  the  regiment  stood  at  parade  rest,  while  the  shield  was 
reverently  laid  on  the  monument.  Then  the  orders  were  given,  'Atten- 
tion ! '  '  Carry  arms  ! '  '  Present  arms  ! '  After  this  simple,  beautiful  cere- 
mony, the  regiment  departed." 

The  Dorchester  Soldiers'  Monument  stands  in  the  large  open  space  in 
front  of  the  church  on  Meeting-house  Hill.  Its  foundation,  5  feet  deep,  is 
laid  upon  a  ledge  of  rock.  It  is  of  red  Gloucester  granite,  is  31  feet  high, 
and  8  feet  square  at  the  base.  The  form  is  that  of  an  obelisk.  Its  heavy 
base  has  square  projections  at  the  angles  supporting  four  buttresses,  each 
with  an  upright  cannon  in  half  relief.  Between  these  are  raised  polished 
tablets  with  the  names  of  Dorchester's  fallen  soldiers.  Above  the  tablets 
are  garlands  of  laurel  in  relief.  A  heavy  cornice  caps  the  die  containing 
the  tablets,  and  above  is  a  second  die  with  ornamental  scrolls  at  the  cor- 
ners. On  the  four  faces  of  the  die  are  round  panels  with  sunken  marble 
tablets  having  appropriate  inscriptions  and  symbols.  The  shaft,  an  obelisk, 
which  rises  from  the  second  die,  is  4  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  has  two 
projecting  belts,  the  lower  one  with  a  large  star  in  relief  on  each  face,  and 
the  upper  the  shield  of  the  United  States.  The  style  of  the  monument  is  a 
dignified  Renaissance,  and  the  architect  was  B.  F.  Dwight.  The  dedication 
took  place  on  Sept.  17,  1867;  the  oration  being  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Charles 
A.  Humphreys  of  Springfield. 


ro8 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  Roxbury  Soldiers'  Monument  is  on  Sycamore  and  Poplar  Avenues, 
Forest-hills  Cemetery.  In  the  centre  of  a  lot  containing  over  2,000  square 
feet,  on  a  granite  pedestal  about  six  feet  high,  stands  a  bronze  infantry  sol- 
dier of  heroic  size.  The  statue  was  designed  by  Martin  Milmore,  cast  at 
Chicopee,  Mass.,  and  erected  in  1867,  after  the  old  city  of  Roxbury  had 
become  incorporated  with  the  municipality  of  Boston.  On  the  front  and 
the  reverse  of  the  pedestal  are  the  following  inscriptions:  — 


1 

ERECTED 
BY 

• 
" FROM    THE    HONORED    DEAD 

THE    CITY    OF    ROXBURY 

WE    TAKE    INCREASED     DEVOTION 

IN    HONOR    OF 

TO    THAT    CAUSE    FOR    WHICH 

HER    SOLDIERS, 

THEY    GAVE    THE    LAST    FULL 

WHO    DIED    FOR    THEIR    COUNTRY 
IN    THE    REBELLION    OF 

MEASURE    OF    DEVOTION." 

1861-1865 

Abraham  Lincoln, 

at  Gettysburg, 
Nov.  1863. 

1867 

The  lot  is  enclosed  by  an  emblematic  granite  railing,  and  contains  the 
bodies  of  a  score  of  Roxbury  soldiers.  On  the  base  of  the  railing  the  name 
of  each  person  buried,  with  his  regiment,  and  date  of  death,  is  chiselled  and 
gilded.  Nearly  half  of  those  lying  here  (members  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Regi- 
ment Mass.  Vols.)  fell  at  Antietam  in  less  than  a  month  after  their  departure 
from  the  State.  This  monument  is  elaborately  decorated  on  Memorial  Day 
by  Thomas  G.  Stevenson  Post  26  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  when  a  miniature  flag 
is  placed  on  each  grave. 

The  West-Roxbury  Soldiers'  Monument  is  at  the  corner  of  Centre  and 
South  Streets,  near  Curtis  Hall,  formerly  the  town  hall,  Jamaica  Plain. 
The  monument,  in  Gothic  style,  is  34  feet  high,  of  light  gray  granite,  except 
the  base,  which  is  of  the  dark  Ouincy  stone.  The  ground  plan  is  square, 
and  the  chief  feature  is  a  massive  structure  supporting  a  sort  of  pyramidal 
pedestal  on  which  stands  the  statue  of  a  soldier  leaning  on  his  gun,  in  pen-- 
sive  contemplation  of  the  loss  of  his  comrades.  On  each  of  the  four  sides 
of  the  monument  is  a  pointed  archway  opening  into  a  vaulted  chamber.  In 
the  gables  above  the  arches  are  the  names  of  Lincoln,  Andrew,  Thomas,  and 
Farragut.  At  the  corners  are  four  pinnacles  ornamented  with  military  tro- 
phies in  relief.  In  the  vaulted  chamber  stands  a  stone  of  Italian  marble 
inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  West-Roxbury  men  who  fell  during  the 
war.  The  monument  is  34  feet  high.  The  architect  was  W.  W.  Lummis. 
The  dedication  took  place  on  Sept.  14,  1 871,  the  principal  feature  being  an 
address  by  James  Freeman  Clarke. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  109 

The  Brighton  Soldiers'  Monument  was  erected  in  Evergreen  Cemetery 
the  year  after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  dedicated  on  July  26,  1S66,  when 
the  oration  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Frederick  Augustus  Whitney.  The 
monument  has  a  square  base,  two  courses  high,  with  projections  at  each 
corner  supporting  cannon-balls.  Upon  this  base  is  a  pyramidal  plinth  with 
its  four  sides  covered  with  inscriptions,  and  names  of  the  Brighton  soldiers 
who  died  in  the  war.  This  supports  a  square  shaft,  on  the  die  of  which  are 
national  trophies  in  relief :  and  on  a  ball,  at  the  top  of  the  shaft,  rests  an 
eagle.     The  monument  is  30  feet  high,  and  cost  <j.ooo. 

The  Charles  Sumner  Statue  stands  in  the  Public  Garden,  near  Boylston 
Street,  and  faces  Beacon  Street.  It  is  of  bronze,  y}  feet  high,  representing 
Sumner  in  a  firm,  graceful  attitude,  with  his  left  hand  in  front  clasping  a 
roll  of  manuscript.  The  pedestal  is  of  Ouincy  granite.  The  cost  was 
$15,000,  raised  by  contributions  of  the  people.  Three  prizes  of  $500  each 
were  offered  for  the  three  most  approved  designs;  and  they  were  awarded 
to  Miss  Anne  Whitney,  Martin  Milmore,  and  Thomas  Ball,  the  last  named 
being  selected  as  the  sculptor.  At  the  unveiling  of  the  statue,  Dec.  23, 
1S78,  there  were  no  formal  ceremonies,  but  an  historical  sketch  of  the  statue 
was  read  by  Gov.  A.  H.  Rice. 

The  Josiah  Quincy  Statue  was  erected  in  front  of  the  City  Hall, 
Sept.  17.  1871).  Its  cost  of  $18,000  was  defrayed  by  the  income  of  a  fund  of 
$20,000  left  in  [860  by  Jonathan  Phillips  to  adorn  and  embellish  streets  and 
public  places.  This  fund  now  amounts  to  nearly  $50,000.  The  statue  is 
of  bronze, and  the  pedestal  of  Italian  marble,  both  designed  by  Thomas  Ball. 

The  Norsemen  Statue  and  Fountain  was  to  have  been  erected  in  Post- 
office  Square,  to  commemorate  the  supposed  visit  of  the  Norsemen  to 
New  England,  about  the  year  1000.  The  enterprise  contemplated  a  statue, 
of  bronze,  representing  Leif.  son  of  Eric,  who  fust  colonized  Greenland, 
wearing  the  ancient  armor  of  the  Norsemen,  — a  shirt  of  mail,  a  two-edged 
sword,  and  the  pointed  helmet  of  that  people.  The  pedestal  was  to  have 
been  of  rough  granite,  richly  incrusted  in  bronze,  with  grape  vines,  leaves, 
and  clusters;  and  water  was  to  fall  from  twisted  vine-stems. 

The  Statue  of  Col.  Robert  G.  Shaw,  by  Auguste  St.  Gaudens,  is  soon 
to  be  erected  upon  the  State-house  grounds,  facing  the  area  immediately  in 
front  of  the  main  gate.  It  is  to  be  an  alto  relief "in  bronze,  representing 
Col.  Shaw  mounted,  with  accessory  panels  representing  the  presentation  of 
the  colors  of  the  54th  Massachusetts  Regiment,  of  which  Col.  Shaw  was 
colonel,  by  Gov.  Andrew,  and  the  assault  upon  Fort  Wagner.  Committees 
of  citizens  are  also  at  work  to  secure  the  erection  of  an  equestrian  statue  ol 
Paul  Revere  ;  and  a  statue  of  Theodore  Parker,  on  one  of  the  South-End 
squares.  A  statue  of  William  Lloyd  Garrison  has  been  modelled,  and  will 
soon  be  placed  in  position. 


i  ro 


KING'S   HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


The  Emancipation  Group,  erected  in  Park  Square  in  front  of  the  Provi- 
dence Railroad  passenger-station,  is  by  Thomas  Ball,  and  was  a  gift  to 
the  city  by  Moses  Kimball.  Its  cost,  exclusive  of  the  curbing,  which  was 
furnished  by  the  city,  was  <  17.000.  It  is  of  bronze,  on  a  granite  pedestal, 
and  is  a  duplicate  of  the  >;  Freedman's  Memorial  "  statue  in  Lincoln  Square, 
in  Washington.  D.C.  It  represents  the  erect  form  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
spreading  out  his  right  hand  over  the  head  ol  a  kneeling  freedman  with  his 
shackles  broken.  On  the  pedestal  is  the  word  "Emancipation."  On  the 
base  are  these  words  :  "  A  race  set  free  ■  and  the  country  at  peace  •  Lin- 
coln •  rests  from  his  labors."  It  was  unveiled  Dec.  6,  1879;  Mayor  F.  O. 
Prince  delivering  the  oration. 

The  Samuel  Adams  Statue,   by   Miss   Anne  Whitney,  stands   in   Adams 

Square  in  New  Wash- 
ington Street.  The  Rev- 
olutionary patriot  is 
presented  as  clothed  in 
the  citizen's  dress  of  his 
period,  and  standing 
erect  with  folded  arms. 
He  is  portrayed  just 
after  he  has  demanded 
of  Gov.  Hutchinson  the 
removal  of  British 
troops  from  Boston,  and 
is  awaiting  the  English- 
man's answer.  The  sta- 
tue is  of  bronze,  and  is 
a  counterpart  of  that  by 
the  same  artist  at  Wash- 
ington. Inscriptions  are 
placed  on  each  of  the 
four  panels  of  the 
pedestal  as  folio  w  s  : 
"  Samuel  Adams  ■  1722- 
1803  •  A  patriot  •  He 
organized  the  Revolu- 
tion and  signed  ■  the 
Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence •  Governor  • 
A  true  leader  of  the  people  Erected  A.D.  1S80  ■  From  a  fund  be- 
queathed to  the  city  of  Boston  ■  by  Jonathan  Phillips  ■  A  statesman 
incorruptible  and  fearless."  This  statue  was  unveiled  on  July  5,  1SS0.  Its 
cost  was  $6,856. 


Samuel   Adams    Statue,   Washington  Street. 


I.  Emancipation  Statue,  Park   Square.         2.  Col.  Win.  Prescolt,  I''oot  of  Bunker-hill  Monument. 
3.  Josiali  Quincy,  front  of  City  Hall.         4.  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  Scollay  Square. 

STATUES    IN     BOSTON. 


112 


AV/VG'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


The  Gov.  Winthrop  Statue,  by  Richard  S.  Greenough,  in  Scollay  Square, 
is  of  light  bronze,  on  a  pedestal  of  polished  red  granite,  and  a  base  of  Ouincy 
granite.  It  represents  the  first  governor  landing  from  the  ship  on  the 
soil  of    the   New  World.     The  figure  is   clad    in    the    picturesque    garb  of 

that  period;  the  right  hand 
holding  the  roll  of  the 
colony  charter,  and  the  left 
bearing  the  volume  of  the 
Scriptures.  Behind  the  figure 
is  shown  the  base  of  a  newly- 
cut  forest-tree,  with  a  rope 
attached,  significant  of  the 
fastening  of  the  boat  in  which 
he  was  supposed  to  have  just 
reached  the  shore.  The  sta- 
tue is  a  duplicate  of  that 
placed  by  the  State  in  the 
Capitol  at  Washington.  It 
was  put  in  place  on  Sept.  17, 
1SS0.     Its  cost  was  ^7.391. 

The  Col.  William  Pres- 
cott  Statue,  by  W.  W.  Story, 
stands  in  the  main  path  of 
the  grounds  in  front  of 
Bunker-hill    Monument,  and 


^-■■K-Wsfr/ii;^.    v^^^^^af^iS^t^^SS^a^     ,' ■•    i-miiKcr-mii     .Monument,   and 
■.•.;--.':■:•< ''M#->-/::, ■.„:., /.-.... .   .'.  ,s    supposed    to    have    stood 


Charles  Sumner  statue.  while  encouraging  his  men  at 

the  opening  of  the  battle  of  bunker  Hill.  It  is  intended  to  represent  him  at 
the  moment  he  uttered  the  memorable  words,  "Don't  fire  till  1  tell  j 
don't  fire  until  you  see  the  whites  of  their  eyes!"  The  statue  is  o' 
nine  feet  in  height,  and  stands  on  a  high  granite  pedestal.  It  was  unveiled 
with  appropriate  ceremonies  on  the  17th  of  June,  18S1  ;  Robert  C. 
Winthrop  delivering  the  oration. 


ou : 
Honze. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  113 


&i)t  Hurt  of  tlje  Cits- 

THE   LIBRARIES,  ART  AND   SCIENTIFIC    INSTITUTIONS,  AND 

MUSICAL   SOCIETIES. 

IN  the  number  and  extent  of  its  libraries,  Boston  stands  at  the  head  of 
American  cities,  and  will  even  bear  comparison  with  European  capitals. 
In  none  of  the  latter  are  the  libraries  so  accessible  to  all,  and  few  are  so  well 
arranged,  as  those  of  Boston.  This  fact  makes  the  New-England  metropolis 
the  most  desirable  centre  on  the  American  continent  for  the  scholar  and 
student';  and  the  possession  of  these  great  institutions  has  done  much  to 
give  Boston  its  position  as  a  seat  of  literature  and  science,  —  a  position  it 
promises  to  maintain.  In  the  city  and  in  Cambridge,  which  is  so  near  that 
its  libraries  are  almost  as  accessible  as  those  of  the  city,  there  are  three 
large  libraries  containing  about  three-quarters  of  a  million  books,  besides 
several  hundred  thousand  pamphlets.  Then  there  are  many  large  special 
libraries,  all  of  which  are  easily  available  for  any  one  having  occasion  to  use 
them. 

The  Boston  Public  Library,  on  Boylston  Street,  opposite  the  Common, 
is,  if  its  branches  be  included,  the  largest  library  in  America,  and  an  institu- 
tion much  appreciated  by  the  reading  public,  for  its  advantages  are  free  to 
all.  Its  establishment  was  authorized  in  1848,  and  it  was  opened  in  1852 
on  Mason  Street.  Edward  Everett  was  the  first  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees.  The  present  building  was  completed  in  1858,  at  a  cost  of 
$365,000.  In  1852  Joshua  Bates  of  London  gave  the  library  $50,000,  and 
subsequently  $50,000  worth  of  books.  Mr.  Everett  gave  1,000  books  at  the 
outset.  Theodore  Parker  willed  over  12,000  volumes  to  the  library.  George 
Ticknor  gave  nearly  7,500  books,  including  his  valuable  Spanish  collection. 
The  sons  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Bowditch  gave  their  father's  library  of  over 
2,500  books  and  manuscripts.  Abbott  Lawrence  bequeathed  $10,000  to  the 
institution.  Mary  P.  Townsend  gave  $4,000,  and  Jonathan  Phillips  $30,000. 
The  library  has  had  deposited  with  it  the  Prince  collection,  willed  in  1758 
by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Prince  to  the  Old  South  Church ;  and  has  purchased 
the  Thomis  P.  Barton  library  of  12,000  volumes,  including  the  best  Shake- 
sperian  collection  in  this  country,  and  much  early  French  literature.  The 
library  building,  of  brick  with  sandstone  trimmings,  has  two  lofty  stories 
and  basement,  and  measures  in  the  main  building  82  by  128  feet.  On  the 
first  floor  are  an  entrance-hall,  distribution-room,  lower  library-room,  and 


ll4  KING'S   HANDBOOK-   OF  BOSTON. 

two  large  reading-rooms.     On  the  second  floor  is  Bates  Hall,  where  most 
of  the  books  are  stored  in  60  alcoves  arid  6  galleries.     The  library,"  with  its 
eight  branches,  containing  more  than  425,000  volumes,  is  supported  by  the 
city's  annual  appropriation  of  $120,000  or  more.     In  1873  an  appropriation 
was  made  of  $30,000  for  an  addition  to  the  building.     Two  members  of  the 
city  council  are  always  on  the  board  of  trustees,  which  comprises  seven 
members,  who  oversee  and  control  the  library  business,  subject  to  city 
ordinances.     The  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Boston  Public  Library  was  in- 
corporated in  1878;    thus  making   the  institution  partly  independent,  and 
making  it  more  difficult  for  the  city  council  to  interfere  with  the  administra- 
tion of  the  institution.     The  executive  force  of  the  library  consists  of  about 
150  persons,  organized  as  a  central  staff  under  the  chief  librarian,  and  (also 
subordinate  to  him)  eight  branch  staffs  with  their  librarians.     In  the  eight 
branch  libraries,  at  East  Boston,  South  Boston,  Roxbury  (to  which  the  Fel- 
lowes  Athenaeum  has  been  added),  Charlestown  district,  Brighton  district, 
South  End,  Jamaica-Plain  district,  and  the  Dorchester  district,  besides  the 
eight  librarians  there  are  about  50  assistants.     More  than  two-thirds  of  the 
persons  employed  are  women.     Quarterly  bulletins  showing  the  most  im- 
portant accessions,  and  other  partial  catalogues  or  "  class-lists,"  are  issued, 
such  as  History  and  Biography,  Fiction,  Prince  Library,  etc. ;  also  branch 
catalogues ;   but  no  complete  single  catalogue  in  book-form   is  issued  or 
intended.     Instead,  there  is  a  card-catalogue,  with   subjects  and   authors 
alphabetically  arranged,  in  drawers,  which  are  open  to  the  public.    There  is, 
besides,  an  official  card-catalogue.     About  1,300,000  issues  a  year  are  now 
recorded,  and  an  average  of  only  one  book  is  lost  out  of  every  16,000  de- 
livered.    The  central  reading-room,  supplied  with  all  the  principal  American 
and  foreign  periodicals,  is  open  every  day  in  the  week.     C.  C.  Jewett  was 
the  first  superintendent;  and  at  his  death,  in  1868,  he  was  succeeded  by 
Justin  Winsor,  the  present  librarian  of  Harvard  University.     In  1877  Mr. 
Winsor  resigned,  and  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green  temporarily  acted  as  superin- 
tendent.    In  August,  1878,  Mellen  Chamberlain  was  elected  librarian,  —  the 
term  "superintendent"  being  dropped  in  the  act  of  incorporation.      The 
State  has  given  the  city  a  lot  of  land  on  Dartmouth  and  Boylston  Streets  for 
the  erection  of  a  new  Public  Library  building  of  sufficient  capacity  to  accom- 
modate the  accumulations  of  the  immediate  future.     The  Boston  library  is 
by  far  the  largest  in  the  world  for  free  circulation.     Edward  Capen  was  libra- 
rian for  the  first  six  years,  and  remained  in  the  institution  until  1874. 

The  Boston  Athenaeum,  which  grew  out  of  a  reading-room  established 
by  the  Anthology  Club,  was  incorporated  in  1807.  For  some  years  it  in- 
cluded a  library,  a  museum  of  natural  history  and  of  curiosities,  philosophi- 
cal apparatus,  and  models  of  machines,  and  also  an  art-gallery ;  but  as  other 
societies,  specially  devoted  to  these  different   objects,  were  founded,  the 


''''''■'■'''''■'"'■■"''afc^^^MH.,.,,,,,,,,,,,, 

''^nMf'A  niiTfrrT,-f-- — r  "•MiiUJH  Ml  II. 

miM^   W^^mm ,„ ,,, ,  ^f«S 


i  uii'ii, 


THE    BOSTON    PUBLIC    LIBRARY,    BOYLSTON    STREET. 


i  1 6 


KfNCS    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Athenaeum  transferred  to  them  its  various  collections.  The  building  now 
contains  only  the  library  of  135.000  volumes,  and  a  few  pictures,  busts,  and 
statues,  serving  for  decoration.  Although  the  right  to  use  this  library  is 
confined  to  the  [,049  shareholders  and  their  families,  —  about  800  of  whom 
pay  the  annual  assessment  that  entitles  them  to  take  books  from  the  build- 
ing. —  nevertheless  stran- 
gers, especially  students  and 
authors,  are  always  welcome, 
and  given  access  to  the  read- 
ing-rooms and  collections. 
The  income-producing  funds 
of  the  Athenaeum  are  nearly 
5500,000;  and  the  value  of 
the  real  estate,  books,  paint- 
ings, and  statuary  is  $521,- 
354.  The  library,  each  year, 
adds  about  6,000  volumes, 
and  circulates  about  40,000 
volumes.  The  library-room 
was  first  in  Congress  Street; 
afterwards,  in  [S21,  on  Pearl 
Street,  in  a  house  given  by 
James  Perkins,  where  the 
society  remained  until  the  completion,  in  1849,  of  the  present  handsome 
building  on  the  south  side  of  Beacon  Street,  between  Bowdoin  and  Somer- 
set Streets.  The  library  of  George  Washington,  purchased  by  the  corpora- 
tion in  [848  at  a  cost  of  $4,000.  is  one  of  the  many  interesting  collections 
that  have  come  into  the  possession  of  the  Athenaeum.  The  present  libra- 
rian is  Charles  A.  Cutter,  who  has  filled  the  position  for  the  past  14  years. 
Samuel  Eliot  is  the  president,  and  Charles  Deane  vice-president. 

The  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  the  oldest  historical  society  in 
America,  was  founded  in  1791,  by  a  few  scholarly  gentlemen,  with  the  object 
of  preserving  for  reference  all  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts,  and  other 
materials  containing  historical  facts.  The  library  now  contains  over  28,000 
books  and  60,000  pamphlets.  The  Dowse  collection,  given  by  the  late 
Thomas  Dowse,  in  1856,  comprises  nearly  5.000  finely  bound  volumes,  and 
many  choice  works.  Most  of  the  books  arc  of  an  historical  character,  a 
specialty  being  made  of  local  histories,  and  histories  of  the  civil  war.  The 
membership  is  limited  to  100,  but  the  library  may  be  used  for  reference  by 
any  one.  It  is  managed  by  a  council  of  the  officers  and  an  executive  com- 
mittee of  five.  A  librarian,  two  assistants,  and  a  janitor  are  employed. 
The  society  for  several  years  met  in  the  attic  of  Faneuil  Hall;  afterwards  in 


The  Boston  Athenaeum,   Beacon  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


II 


The  Speaker's  Desk. 


Hamilton  Place,  and  then  in  Franklin  Street.     In  1833  the  present  quarters 

on  Tremont  Street  were  occupied.     The  society  has  many  relics  of  historic 

interest,  such  as  King  Philip's  samp-bowl,  a  gun  used  at  the  capture  of  Gov. 

Andros  by  the  Bostonians  in  1689,  a  silk  flag  presented  by  Gov.  Hancock 

to  a  colored  company  called  the  "  Bucks  of 

America;"    the    swords    of  Miles    Standish, 

Gov.  Carver,  Gov.  Brooks,  Col.  Church,  and 

Sir  William  Pepperrell ;  the  desk  used  by  the 

successive  speakers  of  the  Representatives 

in   the   Old  State  House ;    and   portraits  of 

Govs.  Endicott,  Winslow,  Pownall,  Dummer, 

Belcher,     Winthrop,     Hutchinson,     Strong, 

Gore,  etc.     Here  also  are  the  crossed  swords 

(celebrated  by  Thackeray,  "  The  Virginians," 

chap,  i.)  of  the  American  Col.  Prescott  and 

the  British  naval  captain  Linzee,  ancestors  of 

Prescott  the  historian.     Very  interesting  are 

the  original   marble   busts  of   Sir  Walter  Scott,  by  Chantrey,  and  George 

Peabody,  by  Powers.     The  society  possesses   the  diary  of  Judge  Sewall, 

who  presided  at  the  witchcraft  trials  in  1792,  and  the  earliest  issues  of  the 

first  American  newspaper.     The  building  has  been  entirely  rebuilt  in  a  most 

substantial   manner  within  a  few  years,  and  is  thoroughly  fireproof.     The 

president  is  Robert  C.  Winthrop,  who  has  held  that  office  for  more  than  28 

consecutive  years.     The  librarian  is  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green. 

The  State  Library  of  Massachusetts  is  in  the  State  House,  and  contains 
50,000  volumes.  It  was  established  in  1826.  The  class  of  books  is  solid 
and  useful;  for  example,  United  States,  State,  and  Territorial  statute-books, 
legal  documents,  law-reports,  works  on  political  economy,  education,  social 
science,  the  acts  of  the  British  Parliament,  and  the  French  Archives  Parle- 
mentaires.     J.  W.  Dickinson  is  librarian,  C.  B.  Tillinghast  assistant  librarian. 

The  Social  Law  Library  is  in  the  Court  House  on  Court  Square,  and 
consists  of  about  16,000  law-books  for  professional  use.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1814,  and  contains  many  rare  and  valuable  books.  Its  collections  are 
open  to  members,  and  to  many  officials,  judges,  and  others,  granted  the 
privilege  by  the  by-laws.     The  librarian  is  F.  W.  Vaughan. 

The  Boston  Medical  Library  Association,  founded  in  1875,  was  a*  5 
Hamilton  Place  until  1S78.  It  then  purchased  the  house  at  No.  19  Boyl- 
ston  Place,  and  fitted  up  reading-rooms  and  a  hall  for  the  meetings  of  the 
chief  medical'societies  of  the  city.  The  library  contains  12,000  volumes  and 
6,000  pamphlets,  being  the  sixth  medical  library  in  the  United  States,  and 
receives  regularly  286  periodicals.  It  is  intended  to  be  the  headquarters  of 
the  medical  profession  of  the  State.  Dr.  James  R.  Chadwick  is  the  librarian. 
The  directory  for  nurses  here  has  420  nurses  registered. 


n8 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


The  New-England  Historic-Genealogical  Society,  incorporated  in  1845, 
is  at  No.  18  Somerset  Street.  Its  specialty  is  genealogy,  including  her- 
aldry, and  New-England  local  history.  The  house,  built  in  1805  for  a 
dwelling,  was  purchased  by  the  Society  in  1870,  and  was  remodelled  and 
dedicated  the  following  year.  It  is  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  29  by  42 
feet  in  dimensions,  with  an  L  in  the  rear.  The  front  is  faced  with  an  arti- 
ficial stone  resembling  grayish  sandstone,  and  has  Nova  Scotia   sandstone 

trimmings.  On  the  first  floor  is  a  fire- 
proof room  for  the  storage  of  rare  books 
and  manuscripts ;  on  the  second,  the 
library  proper ;  and  on  the  third,  a  hall 
for  the  meetings  of  the  Society.  The 
cost  of  the  building  and  furniture  was 
$43,000.  The  library  contains  over  18,000 
volumes  and  57,000  pamphlets,  relating 
chiefly  to  the  history  and  the  influence 
of  New-England  character  and  life,  and 
includes  many  very  rare  works.  The 
Society  publish  annually  the  New-Eng- 
land Historical  and  Genealogical  Regis- 
ter. Its  Towne  Memorial  Fund  is  used 
in  printing  memorials  of  its  deceased 
members.  For  fifteen  years  past,  Mar- 
shall P.  Wilder,  Ph.D.,  has  been  the 
president ;  and  to  him  the  Society  is  in- 
debted for  its  good  financial  condition, 
and  especially  for  his  services  in  raising 
the  sum  of  $55,000  for  the  building  and 

N.E.  Historic-Genealogical  Society,  Somerset  St.    i-v         •         r        i  n       •        <       -r»    m 

librarian  funds.  Benjamin  B.  Torrey  is 
the  treasurer,  and  John  Ward  Dean  the  librarian.  The  library  and  archives 
are  open  freely  to  the  public. 

The  Congregational  Library  was  organized  in  1853,  and  is  the  property 
of  the  American  Congregational  Association.  It  was  intended  to  gather  and 
preserve  the  writings  and  mementos,  —  indeed,  every  thing  available,  —  that 
would  state  and  illustrate  the  principles  and  work  of  the  Pilgrims  and  Puri- 
tans in  laying  the  foundations  of  our  free  institutions.  It  has  never  had  any 
funds  with  which  to  purchase  books.  Every  dollar  has  been  used  to  meet 
necessary  running  expenses,  and  pay  for  the  Congregational  House ;  the 
library  waiting  for  an  income  from  rents  when  the  building  is  paid  for.  Its 
books  and  pamphlets  are  largely  ecclesiastical,  historical,  expository,  doc- 
trinal, and  biographical,  —  a  library  of  reference  rather  than  popular  reading. 
For  consultation  it  is  free  to  all.     The  payment  of  one  dollar  secures  its 


*  fl«MU»nar  sc 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  ll9 

general  privileges.  Its  building  is  fireproof,  and  has  a  collection  of  over 
30,000  books  and  more  than  130,000  pamphlets,  besides  the  unique  and 
valuable  missionary  library,  of  7,000  volumes,  belonging  to  the  American 
Board.     The  librarian  is  the  Rev.  I.  P.  Langworthy. 

The  General  Theological  Library,  No.  12  West  Street,  contains  over 
13,000  volumes,  mostly  of  a  theological,  religious,  or  moral  character.  It  is 
used  by  members  and  annual  subscribers.  There  is  also  a  reading-room 
with  about  75  periodicals.  The  library  was  instituted  in  i860.  The  Rev. 
Luther  Farnham  has  been  the  librarian  from  the  beginning.  Many  rural 
churches  of  New  England  are  connected  with  this  library. 

The  Boston  Library  Society  was  founded  in  1794,  and  for  a  longtime 
occupied  rooms  over  the  Arch,  in  old  Franklin  Street.  It  is  now  located  at 
No.  18  Boylston  Place,  close  to  the  Public  Library,  and  has  about  25,000 
volumes.  Shares  in  this  library  cost  $25,  and  are  liable  to  a  small  annual 
assessment. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  has  a  library  in  its  building  on 
Berkeley  Street,  containing  20,000  books  and  6,000  pamphlets  on  natural 
history.  The  use  of  the  library,  which  was  established  in  1831,  is  confined 
to  members  of  the  society. 

Other  Libraries.  —  There  are  a  large  number  of  other  libraries  of  both 
general  and  special  character.  The  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  has 
recently  begun  the  collection  of  works  on  art ;  and  the  Boston  Art  Club  has 
a  valuable  library  of  the  same  class.  Several  of  the  musical  societies  have 
good  collections  of  works  on  music.  All  the  public  schools  —  notably  the 
Boston  Latin,  and  Girls'  High  and  Normal,  and  nearly  all  of  the  Sunday 
schools,  charitable  and  municipal  institutions,  as  well  as  the  various  scien- 
tific, social,  and  religious  societies  —  have  their  own  libraries.  Some  of 
these,  owing  to  their  special  character,  are  quite  valuable. 

Art  and  Science  have  gained  a  strong  foothold  in  Boston ;  and  in  fact, 
as  a  centre  of  science,  she  ranks  the  first  city  in  America,  and  of  art  second 
to  none,  not  excepting  even  New  York.  Besides  Harvard  University  in 
Cambridge,  there  is  in  Boston  a  long  list  of  art  and  scientific  institutions, 
and  clubs  and  societies  devoted  to  the  special  sciences  and  fine  arts. 
The  city,  as  a  corporation,  maintains  various  schools  of  industrial  and 
mechanical  drawing;  and  the  study  of  drawing  is  thoroughly  pursued  in 
all  the  public  schools.  There  is  also  a  school  of  wood-carving  for  boys, 
maintained  by  private  beneficence.  Several  fine  picture-galleries  are  con- 
nected with  the  establishments  of  fine-art  dealers,  and  the  city  is  the  home 
of  a  large  number  of  artists,  many  of  whom  have  national  reputations. 

Of  the  leading  art  and  scientific  institutions,  excepting  the  Institute  of 
Technology,  which  is  referred  to  in  the  chapter  on  educational  institutions, 
comprehensive  sketches  are  given  below. 


120  KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 

The  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  corner  of  Dartmouth  Street  and 
St.  James  Avenue,  is  one  of  the  most  admirable  institutions  of  modern 
Boston,  though  it  is  as  yet  but  the  beginning  of  what  is  to  become  the 
chief  pride  and  delight  of  New  England.  The  accompanying  illustration 
shows  the  building  as  it  will  appear  when  completed.  At  present  only  one- 
fourth  of  it  is  finished,  namely,  the  section  fronting  on  St.  James  Avenue. 
It  is  one  of  the  finest  structures  in  the  city.  The  principal  material  is  red 
brick ;  and  the  mouldings,  copings,  and  all  the  ornamental  work,  are  of  red 
and  buff  terra-cotta,  imported  from  England.  The  two  large  and  artistically 
executed  reliefs  on  the  facade  represent  various  figures  appropriate  to  such 
a  building.  One  shows  the  "Genius  of  Art,"  with  illustrations  of  the  art 
and  architecture  of  all  nations,  from  antiquity  to  the  present  day.  Among 
the  figures  representing  the  nations,  America  is  the  only  female ;  and  she 
holds  in  her  hand  Powers's  "  Greek  slave."  The  other  bas-relief  represents 
"Art  and  Industry "  joined.  In  the  roundels  are  the  heads  of  the  most 
distinguished  artists  and  patrons  of  art ;  the  Americans  being  Copley,  Craw- 
ford, and  Allston.  This  terra-cotta  work  was  the  first  used  on  a  large  scale 
in  America,  and  is  said  to  be  very  durable  and  not  costly.  It  is  certainly 
effective,  and  gives  to  the  exterior  a  rich  and  unique  appearance. 

The  main  entrance  is  given  a  rich  and  handsome  appearance  by  white 
marble  steps,  and  polished  granite  columns,  with  terra-cotta  capitals.  Auto- 
matic recording  turnstiles  admit  the  visitor  to  the  central  hall,  whence  broad 
iron  staircases  ascend  to  the  upper  floor.  The  rooms  on  the  first  floor  are 
devoted  to  casts,  statuary,  and  antiquities ;  those  on  the  second  floor  to 
paintings,  engravings,  productions  of  industrial  art,  and  bric-a-brac.  In  the 
central  hall  are  Thomas  G.  Crawford's  statue  of  Orpheus,  Miss  Harriet 
Hosmer's  "Will-o'-the-Wisp,"  the  "Young  Columbus"  of  Giulio  Monte- 
verde,  and  various  other  interesting  objects.  In  the  Egyptian  Room  is  a 
valuable  and  interesting  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities  acquired  by  the 
late  Robert  Hay  of  Scotland,  purchased  after  his  death,  and  presented  to 
the  Museum  by  Charles  Granville  Way.  This  collection  is  supplemented 
by  numerous  fragments  of  sculpture  collected  in  Egypt  by  the  late  John 
Lowell,  the  founder  of  the  Lowell  Institute,  and  presented  to  the  Museum 
by  his  family.  The  mummies  and  mummy-cases,  with  their  hieroglyphics, 
the  scarabaei,  amulets,  sepulchral  figures,  canopic  vases,  stamped  cones,  and 
the  granite  sculptures,  especially  that  of  the  lion-headed  goddess  Pasht, 
form  a  remarkably  instructive  collection. 

In  the  First  Greek  Room  are  casts  from  the  oldest  Greek  sculptures, 
including  the  famous  lions  of  Mycenas  and  two  temple-fronts  from  ^Egina; 
also  several  Assyrian  reliefs  of  great  antiquity.  In  the  Second  Greek  Room 
are  the  famous  Olympian  casts,  and  the  Faun  of  Praxiteles  (Hawthorne's 
"  Marble  Faun  " ).     In  the  Third  Greek  Room  are  casts  of  the  bas-reliefs 


iilii;iiiiiiiiii)'iiiillliiiiiiipiiiiiiii!  '  i  '      ' 

i  I,  '  i     I!  ,     iii  I'm!    i:i 


Pi  i 


I    ,:    i^fflWI 


122  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

from  the  frieze  of  the  Parthenon;  the  grand  Theseus,  the  river-srod  Ilissus, 
the  torso  of  Victory,  and  two  of  the  three  Fates,  from  the  pediments  of  the 
Parthenon:  the  colossal  bust  of  Jupiter,  from  the  Vatican;  and  the  Venus 
of  Milo.  The  Fourth  Greek  Room  contains  two  great  friezes,  the  Ron- 
danini  Medusa,  the  Discobolus,  the  Barberini  Faun,  etc.  The  Fifth  Greek 
Room  contains  casts  of  the  Apollo  Belvedere,  the  Mattel  Amazon,  Menan- 
der,  the  Crouching  Venus,  the  Laocoon,  Diana,  the  Dying  Gladiator,  and 
other  subjects.  In  the  Roman  Room  are  reproductions  of  works  of  the 
ancient  Roman  sculptors,  the  busts  of  the  Emperors,  the  Capitoline  Venus, 
Antinoiis,  the  Pudicitia,  etc.  At  the  east  end  of  the  main  floor  is  the 
great  Architectural  Room,  with  exquisite  details  from  classic,  Renaissance, 
Gothic,  and  Saracenic  architecture,  forming  one  of  the  finest  collections 
in  America,  hi  the  Renaissance  Room  arc  Michael  Angelo's  "  Day  "  and 
'•Night,"  and  "  II  Pcnseroso."  and  Ids  head  of  David;  and  many  works  of 
Donatello  and  others.  In  the  Greek  Vase  Room  is  a  collection  of  antiqui- 
ties from  the  island  of  Cyprus,  excavated  by  Gen.  di  Cesnola ;  a  lot  of 
vases  and  other  objects  of  Etruscan  art,  presented  by  J.  J.  Dixwell;  and  a 
collection  of  Grrcco-Italian  fictile  painted  vases,  found  by  Alessandro  Cas- 
tellani  in  the  tombs  of  Etruria  and  Campania,  presented  by  T.  G.  Appleton 
and  Edward  Austin  ;  also,  a  case  of  exquisite  Tanagra  figurines  ;  and  several 
thousand  rare  coins  of  Greece,  Egypt,  Italy,  and  Asia,  electrotyped  from  the 
originals  in  the  British  Museum. 

In  the  upper  hall  are  many  interesting  objects,  among  which  are  a  cast 
of  the  second  bronze  gate  at  the  Baptistery  at  Florence;  bronze  half-figures 
of  Virgil  and  Dante:  marble  busts  of  Raphael  and  Rubens;  the  famous 
painting  "  Belshazzar's  Feast"  by  Allston;  Benjamin  West's  "King  Lear;" 
the  Dowse  collection  of  English  water-color  drawings,  chiefly  copies  of  the 
old  masters,  bequeathed  to  the  Athenaeum  by  the  late  Thomas  Dowse; 
Millet's  pastels  and  water-colors  ;  and  many  drawings  by  Rimmer  and  Hunt. 

The  large  collection  of  paintings  on  the  second  floor,  many  of  them  the 
property  of  the  Museum  and  others  loaned  to  it  by  individuals,  occupies 
several  rooms.  In  the  larger  room,  to  the  right  of  the  upper  hall,  arc  repre- 
sentatives of  Corot,  Couture,  Francais,  Millet,  Diaz,  Dore,  Daubigny,  Cour- 
bet,  Dupre,  Pils,  Boughton,  Hunt,  Kensctt,  Veddcr,  Bridgman,  Brown,  Cole, 
Staigg.  and  others.  Chief  among  these  arc  Corot's  "  Dante  and  Virgil," 
and  Courbet's  "  Lc  Curee."  The  adjoining  room  is  called  the  Allston 
Room,  and  contains  Gilbert  Stuart's  famous  and  magnificent  portrait  of 
Washington,  and  other  Stuart  portraits;  portraits  by  Allston,  Copley,  G. 
Stuart  Newton,  John  Smibcrt,  Trumbull;  and  several  paintings  by  illus- 
trious Venetian  artists,  Veronese  and  others.  The  Water-Color  Room 
contains,  also,  the  loaned  collection  of  the  Dutch  oil-paintings  from  San 
Donato.      The    contiguous    Print    Rooms    contain    the    Gray   collection   of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  123 

engravings,  bequeathed  to  Harvard  University,  with  some  engravings  and 
etchings  by  American  artists ;  the  Sumner  prints,  and  many  unfinished 
works  of  Allston.  In  the  main  hall  to  the  left  of  the  upper  hall,  is  a  mag- 
nificent collection  of  Japanese  embroideries ;  a  fine  display  of  tapestry,  once 
the  property  of  Louis  Philippe,  loaned  by  the  late  George  O.  Hovey ;  Per- 
sian fabrics,  and  small  arras  tapestry ;  a  very  complete  display  of  pottery 
and  porcelain,  including  majolica  and  Robbia  ware  ;  and  a  rich  collection  of 
Chinese,  Japanese,  celadon,  Dresden,  Copenhagen,  Berlin,  Vienna,  Rouen, 
Sevres,  Delft,  Wedgwood,  Chelsea,  Worcestershire,  Derby,  and  other  wares, 
with  an  equally  full  collection  of  pottery.  Other  cases  contain  Chinese  and 
Japanese  articles,  metal-work,  cloissonne  enamel,  electrotype  reproductions 
from  objects  in  the  South-Kensington  Museum,  Limoges  enamels,  medals, 
and  bronzes,  German  and  Venetian  glass,  embroideries,  silk  textiles,  and 
laces.  The  Lawrence  Room  is  fitted  with  ancient  oak  panelling  of  the 
time  of  Henry  VIII.,  presented  by  Mrs.  Lawrence.  In  this  and  an  adjoin- 
ing room  are  some  fine  old  pieces  of  sculptured  wood  furniture,  Italian 
bronzes  of  the  Renaissance  period,  arms  and  armor,  a  pulpit-door,  inlaid 
with  ivory  and  ebony,  from  a  mosque  at  Cairo,  and  other  objects. 

The  land  on  which  the  Museum  stands  was  given  to  the  city  by  the 
Boston  Water-Power  Company,  to  be  used  either  as  a  public  square  or  as 
the  site  df  a  museum  of  fine  arts.  The  lot,  containing  91,000  square  feet 
and  surrounded  by  streets  on  every  side,  was  granted  by  the  city  to  the 
trustees  in  1870,  the  year  in  which  the  corporation  was  formed.  About 
$250,000  was  raised  by  a  public  subscription ;  and  the  first  section  of  the 
building,  the  architects  of  which  are  Sturgis  &  Prigham,  was  begun  in  1S71, 
and  completed  and  opened  in  1S76. 

In  1S7S  the  institution  asked  the  public  for  only  an  additional  subscrip- 
tion of  $100,000,  but  $125,000  was  subscribed;  whereupon  work  was  at 
once  begun,  and  by  Oct.  1,  1S7S,  the  St.  James  Avenue  front  was  all  roofed 
in.  The  new  sectioncwas  opened  in  the  spring  of  1 S79.  The  corporation  is 
administered  by  a  board  of  trustees,  to  which  are  added  persons  annually 
chosen  to  represent  Harvard  University,  the  Institute  of  Technology,  and 
the  Athenaeum,  also  ex  officio  the  mayor,  the  superintendent  of  public 
schools,  the  secretary  of  the  State  board  of  education,  the  trustee  of  the 
Lowell  Institute,  and  the  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Public 
Library.  The  officers  are  a  president,  treasurer,  honorary  director,  curator, 
and  secretary.  There  are  executive,  finance,  museum,  and  library  commit- 
tees. The  Museum  is  open  daily,  on  Mondays  at  noon,  and  other  days 
from  9  a.m.  until  sunset.  On  Saturdays,  from  9  a.m.  to  5  P.M.,  and  Sundays 
from  1  to  5  p.m.,  the  admission  is  free;  at  other  times  twenty-five  cents  is 
charged.  In  the  Museum  building  a  School  of  Drawing  and  Painting  has 
been  established,  under  the  instruction  of  Otto  Grundmann  and  F.  Crown- 


124 


AVA'G'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


inshield,  and  has  proved  very  prosperous.  Martin  Brimmer  is  president  of 
the  board  ot"  trustees  ;  Henry  P.  Kidder,  treasurer;  Charles  C.  Perkins,  hon- 
orary director ;  Charles  G.  Loring,  curator;  and  K.  H.  Greenleaf,  secretary. 
The  Representative  Art  Clubs  arc  the  Boston  Art  Club,  whose  new 
and  elegant  club-house,  on  the  corner  ot  Dartmouth  and  Newbury  Streets,  is 


Boston  Art  Club,   Newbury  Street. 


one  of  the  recently  added  features  of  the  elegant  Pack-bay  district:  and  the 
Paint  and  Clay  Club,  whose  rooms  are  at  the  top  of  the  building  No.  419 
Washington  Street.  The  Art  Club  was  organized  in  1S55,  and  its  quarters 
were  long  at  No.  64  Boylston  Street,  the  present  club-house  of  the  Central 
Club.  The  new  house  is  of  a  Romanesque  style  of  architecture,  of  brown 
stone  and  dark  bricks;  and  a  striking  feature  of  its  exterior  is  an  hexagonal 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON.  125 

tower,  starting  from  the  second  story,  and  rising  to  a  height  of  seventy  feet. 
The  interior  of  the  house  is  finely  arranged,  elaborately  decorated,  and 
sumptuously  furnished.  Its  picture-gallery  is  one  of  the  finest  private 
galleries  in  the  city.  The  club  has  now  800  members.  The  initiation-fee 
is  $20;  annual  dues,  $15.  George  P.  Denny  is  the  president.  The  Paint 
and  Clay  Club  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1880,  largely  by  artists;  but 
it  was  not  until  1882  that  a  constitution  was  adopted.  The  membership  is 
limited  to  30;  and  it  is  a  condition  that  members  shall  be  connected  with 
art,  literature,  or  music.  The  club-room  is  artistically  arranged,  and  fine 
exhibitions  are  given  here.  The  initiation-fee  and  the  annual  dues  are  each 
$10.  William  F.  Halsall,  the  marine-painter,  is  the  chairman.  The  Sketch 
Club,  organized  in  1881,  is  a  club  of  younger  architects.  Its  rooms  are 
also  at  No.  419  Washington  Street,  directly  under  the  rooms  of  the  Paint 
and  Clay.     William  Martin  Aiken  is  president. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Decorative  Art,  organized  in  1 878,  occupies 
rooms  at  No.  8  Park  Square.  The  objects  form  an  interesting  exhibition 
of  needle-work  and  decorated  porcelain  and  pottery.  The  society  sells  these 
articles  ;  and  a  committee  provides  instruction  in  wood-carving,  etc.  It  is  in 
correspondence  and  has  intimate  relations  with  the  New-York  Society,  but 
is  an  independent  organization.  Roland  C.  Lincoln  is  president,  and 
Georgina  L.  Putnam  secretary. 

The  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  has  its  rooms  in  the  Athe- 
naeum Building.  It  is,  with  one  exception,  the  oldest  scientific  society  in 
America,  and  stands  to  the  United  States  in  a  relation  similar  to  that  held 
by  the  famous  academies  of  France,  England,  Germany,  and  other  European 
nations,  to  their  respective  countries.  It  was  founded  in  1780;  and  among 
its  principal  early  members  were  Benjamin  Franklin,  James  Bowdoin,  John 
Adams,  John  Hancock,  John  Quincy  Adams,  Josiah  Quincy,  Nathaniel  Bow- 
ditch,  John  T.  Kirkland,  Samuel  Dexter,  and  others  eminent  in  science  and 
literature.  It  has  members  in  all  sections  of  the  Union,  including  the  leading 
scholars  and  scientists  of  the  country,  and  also  a  large  number  of  honorary 
members  in  Europe.  The  society  has  charge  of  the  awarding  of  the  Rum- 
ford  medals,  which  are  paid  for  from  a  fund  given  to  it  in  1796  by  Count 
Rumford,  to  be  devoted  to  the  proper  recognition  of  important  discoveries 
in  heat  and  light  made  on  the  American  continent  or  the  adjacent  islands. 
The  medals  have  been  awarded  but  eight  times.  The  president  of  the 
society  is  Prof.  Joseph  Lovering. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  occupies  a  large  brick  building, 
with  freestone  trimmings,  on  Berkeley  Street,  between  Boylston  and  New- 
bury Streets.  The  structure,  which  is  80  feet  high  and  has  alront  of  105 
feet,  is  adorned  by  Corinthian  columns  and  capitals.  Over  the  entrance  is 
carved  the  society's  seal,  which  bears  the  head  of  Cuvier  ;  heads  of  animals 


126 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


are  carved  on  the  keystones  of  all  the  windows.  A  sculptured  eagle  sur- 
mounts the  pediment.  The  land  on  which  the  building  stands  was  granted 
by  the  State.  On  the  first  floor  are  a  lecture-room,  library,  secretary's 
office,  and  rooms  devoted  to  geological  and  mineralogical  specimens.  On 
the  second  floor  is  a  large  hall,  60  feet  high,  with  balconies,  and  several  other 
rooms,  in  which  a  grand  and  valuable  collection  of  birds,  shells,  insects, 
plants,  skeletons,  and  other  objects  of  interest  are  on  view.  The  museum 
is  open  to  the  public  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays.  The  society  holds  fre- 
quent meet- 
ings, publish- 
es books  on 
natural  his- 
tory, and  pro- 
vides lecture- 
courses  in  the 
season.  It 
was  incorpo- 
rated in  1831, 
and  formerly 
occupied  a 
building  on 
Mason  Street. 
The  late  Dr. 
W.  J.  Walker 
was  its  chief 
be  nefactor, 
giving  to  the 


The  Boston  Society  of  Natural   History,   Berkeley  Street. 


association  at  various  times  a  sum  aggregating  nearly  $200,000.  The  pres- 
ent building,  erected  in  1864,  cost  about  $100,000.  The  president  is  Samuel 
H.  Scudder ;  curator,  Alpheus  Hyatt ;  secretary,  Edward  Burgess  ;  treas- 
urer, Charles  W.  Scudder;  and  librarian,  Edward  Burgess. 

The  Warren  Museum  of  Natural  History  is  at  92  Chestnut  Street.  It 
was  founded  by  Dr.  John  C.  Warren  in  1846.  The  present  fireproof  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1849,  and  the  institution  was  incorporated  in  1858.  The 
skeleton  of  the  great  mastodon,  —  the  most  perfect  specimen  known, — 
discovered  in  1846  near  the  Hudson  River,  at  Newburgh,  gives  peculiar  in- 
terest to  the  collection.  The  skeleton  was  bought  by  Dr.  Warren,  shortly 
after  its  discovery,  and  now  stands  in  the  lower  hall.  Close  by  are  a  skeleton 
elephant,  and  a  skeleton  horse,  for  the  purpose  of  comparison.  The  col- 
lections are  otherwise  exceedingly  valuable.  Persons  wishing  to  visit  the 
Museum  should  apply  to  Dr.  J.  Collins  Warren,  58  Beacon  Street,  or  Dr. 
Thomas  D wight,  70  Beacon  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  127 

The  Musical  Societies  of  Boston,  notably  the  Handel  and  Haydn  So- 
ciety, and  the  Harvard  Musical  Association,  enjoy  a  wide  reputation,  and 
have  contributed  much  towards  the  cultivation  of  the  musical  taste  of  the 
public,  which  has  the  name  of  being  intelligently  critical  and  of  a  high  order. 

The  Handel  and  Haydn  Society  is  the  oldest  musical  organization  in 
the  United  States,  and  is  the  leading  choral  society  in  this  country,  if  not  in 
the  world.  It  was  founded  in  1815,  and  consists  of  a  large  mixed  chorus 
numbering  now  about  600  voices.  It  is  devoted  to  the  performance  of  ora- 
torio and  other  choral  music  of  an  earnest  character.  During  the  68  sea- 
sons since  its  organization  it  has  given  nearly  650  concerts,  the  programmes 
of  which  have  included  works  by  nearly  all  the  most  eminent  composers. 
Since  the  opening  of  the  Music  Hall,  in  1852,  it  has  given  its  concerts  in 
that  place.  The  society  took  part  in  the  opening  ceremonies  at  the  New- 
York  Crystal  Palace  in  1854,  and  also  in  series  of  concerts  in  conjunction 
with  the  Thomas  Orchestra  given  in  Steinway  Hall  in  1873  and  1882.  In 
1868  it  gave  its  first  great  triennial  festival,  which  lasted  a  whole  week,  per- 
formances being  given  afternoons  and  evenings.  These  festivals  have  been 
regularly  kept  up.  Carl  Zerrahn  has  been  conductor  of  the  society  since 
1854,  and  B.  J.  Lang  has  been  organist  since  i860.  The  headquarters  are  in 
the  Music-Hail  building,  and  the  rehearsals  are  held  in  Bumstead  Hall. 

The  Harvard  Musical  Association,  a  society  whose  work  in  advancing 
the  cause  of  good  music  in  Boston  can  hardly  be  over-estimated,  was  organ- 
ized in  1837.  Its  beginning  was  very  unpretentious.  A  few  graduates  of 
Harvard,  who  in  their  college  days  had  been  members  of  the  little  music- 
club  called  the  "  Pierian  Sodality,"  chanced  to  meet,  on  Exhibition  Day  in 
July,  1837, with  several  of  their  undergraduate  successors  in  the  institution; 
and,  in  the  course  of  a  pleasant  conversation  on  music  topics,  the  idea  was 
broached  of  forming  a  union  between  past  and  present  members.  The 
proposition  met  with  favor;  and  on  the  following  Commencement  Day,  Aug. 
30,  1837,  the  association  was  formed.  After  a  while  the  sphere  of  the  or- 
ganization was  enlarged,  and  the  headquarters  were  removed  to  Boston. 
The  annual  dinners  of  the  association  have  been  important  features ;  and  to 
these  occasions  some  of  the  foremost  music  enterprises  of  Boston  owe 
their  birth.  Among  these  were  the  building  of  the  Music  Hall,  the  estab- 
lishment of  "  Dwight's  Journal  of  Music,"  and  the  giving  of  classical  con- 
certs in  regular  series.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  association  was  given  the 
first  regular  course  of  chamber-concerts  in  Boston  ;  and  these  were  sue- 
ceeded  by  the  famous  Symphony  Concerts,  which  were  continued  through 
seventeen  seasons,  to  March,  1882,  and  added  considerably  to  the  associa- 
tion's funds,  for  concerts  and  for  the  enlargement  of  its  fine  library  of  music. 
John  S.  Dwight  has  been  president  of  the  association  for  several  years,  and 
Charles  C.  Perkins  vice-president. 


128  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

The  Apollo  Club  was  formed  in  1871,  and  incorporated  in  1873,  for  the 
performance  of  part-songs  and  choruses  for  male  voices.  It  was  started  by 
a  few  leading  singers  in  church-choirs  in  this  city,  and  during  its  first  year 
was  composed  of  52  active  (singing)  members,  and  500  associate  (or  subscrib- 
ing) members,  who,  for  an  annual  assessment,  receive  tickets  to  all  the  con- 
certs given  by  the  club.  The  number  of  active  members  has  varied  from  60 
to  70 ;  and  the  number  of  associate  members  has  always  remained  500,  that 
limit  having  been  set  at  the  formation  of  the  club.  No  public  concerts  are 
given,  and  no  tickets  to  its  performances  are  sold.  It  has,  on  a  few  occa- 
sions, sung  in  a  semi-public  manner,  by  request  of  the  authorities  of  the 
State  or  the  City  —  as  at  the  funeral  of  Charles  Sumner,  the  centennial  cele- 
bration of  Bunker  Hill,  and  the  State  reception  to  President  Hayes  in  1877. 
B.  J.  Lang  has  been  its  music-director  since  its  formation.  Its  member- 
ship has  included  some  of  the  finest  vocalists  of  this  neighborhood  among 
its  active  members,  and  many  of  the  best  citizens  among  its  associates.  Its 
success  has  been  such  that  similar  clubs  have  been  formed  all  over  the 
country,  several  taking  the  same  name.  It  has  convenient  club-rooms,  and 
a  small  hall  for  its  private  weekly  rehearsals,  at  151  Tremont  Street.  Its 
concerts  are  generally  given  in  Music  Hall. 

The  Boylston  Club,  a  private  musical  society,  was  organized  in  1872  for 
the  study  of  music  for  the  male  voices  alone.  Its  first  public  appearance 
was  in  1873.  In  1876  the  purpose  and  resources  of  the  club  were  enlarged 
by  the  addition  of  an  auxiliary  chorus  of  ladies.  The  club  contains  three 
distinct  bodies, —a  complete  and  carefully  trained  male  chorus,  a  four-part 
female  chorus,  and  a  mixed  chorus,  so  formed  that  it  is  in  fact  a  combina- 
tion of  two  complete  choruses,  —  a  first  arid  a  second.  In  its  public  per- 
formances, each  of  these  three  bodies  is  fully  represented.  None  but 
competent  singers  are  admitted  to  active  membership,  and  under  stringent 
regulations  as  to  attendance  at  rehearsals.  The  active  membership  now 
numbers  90  ladies  and  90  gentlemen.  In  1878  the  club  gave  a  complete 
mass  by  Palestrina,  and  the  famous  B-flat  motet  of  Bach,  both  of  which 
were  heard  for  the  first  time  in  this  country  at  the  concerts  of  this  club. 
Its  purpose  is  to  produce  at  its  performances  only  such  works  as  stand 
highest  in  the  literature  of  music.  J.  B.  Sharland  was  the  first,  and  George 
L.  Osgood  is  the  present  director. 

The  Cecilia  Society  was  organized  in  1874  as  an  auxiliary  of  the  Har 
vard  Musical  Association.  It  consists  of  a  mixed  chorus  of  about  130 
voices,  picked  from  the  best  solo-singers  in  Boston.  Through  its  first  two 
seasons  the  society  took  part  in  seven  of  the  Harvard  Symphony  Concerts ; 
but  in  1876  the  connection  with  the  Harvard  Association  was  dissolved, 
and  the  society  re-organized  on  a  basis  similar  to  that  of  the  Apollo  and 
Boylston  Clubs.     About  250  members  were  received ;  and  these,  in  consid- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  1 29 

eration  of  tickets  to  the  concerts  of  the  society,  bear  its  expenses.  Several 
concerts  are  given  in  the  course  of  each  season;  and  entrance  to  them  is 
secured  only  by  membership,  or  by  invitation  of  members.  Since  its  organi- 
zation the  society  has  given  compositions  of  Mendelssohn,  Schumann,  Du- 
rante, Weber,  Gade,  Schubert,  Bach,  Max  Bruch,  Hoffmann,  Liszt,  Handel, 
Berlioz,  and  others.     B.  J.  Lang  has  been  its  only  musical  director. 

The  Orpheus  Musical  Society  is  the  leading  musical  association  among 
the  Germans  of  Boston.  It  was  organized  in  1848,  and  at  the  start  con- 
sisted exclusively  of  Germans ;  but  as  their  number  in  those  days  in  Boston 
was  small,  its  beginning  was  rather  humble,  and  in  marked  contrast  with  its 
present  prosperous  circumstances.  The  excellence  of  the  German  music, 
and  the  delightful  sociability  that  characterized  the  institution,  made  it 
remarkably  attractive  to  the  American  friends  of  the  members ;  and  they 
were  finally  admitted  to  associate  membership,  and  even  to  full  membership 
when  their  mastery  of  German  proved  such  as  to  enable  them  to  join  in  the- 
singing.  The  society  is  composed  almost  half  of  Americans.  While  the 
tone  of  the  institution  is  still  thoroughly  German,  the  singing  being  kept 
exclusively  in  that  language,  out  of  courtesy  to  the  American  members  the 
official  proceedings  are  now  conducted  and  the  records  kept  in  English. 

The  Philharmonic  Society  is  an  organization  for  the  presentation  of 
orchestral  music.  It  is  organized  like  the  other  musical  clubs  of  the  city, 
composed  of  professional  and  associate  members ;  the  latter  bearing  the 
expenses  by  subscribing  each  a  fixed  sum  per  annum,  and  receiving  in  re- 
turn tickets  for  the  season's  concerts.  It  grew  out  of  the  Philharmonic 
Orchestra  organized  in  1879  by  Bernard  Listemann,  and  which  still  exists. 
The  society  was  organized  in  1880.  It  has  a  large  membership.  Carl  Zer- 
rahn  is  the  present  director.  Listemann's  Philharmonic  Orchestra  still 
maintains  its  organization,  also,  and  has  a  large  and  devoted  membership; 
Mr.  Listemann  being  its  conductor. 

The  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra  is  a  permanent  orchestra,  established 
through  the  liberality  of  a  single  citizen,  Mr.  Henry  Lee  Higginson.  The 
first  season  was  an  experimental  one ;  and  a  series  of  twenty  concerts  of 
the  highest  order  was  given  by  an  orchestra  of  sixty  musicians,  under  the 
direction  of  Georg  Henschel.  This  was  in  1881.  The  result  was  so  sat- 
isfactory that  it  was  determined  to  make  the  orchestra  a  permanent  feature. 
The  following  season  the  orchestra  was  strengthened,  and  a  larger  number 
of  concerts  was  given.  For  the  season  of  1883-4,  a  chorus  of  mixed  voices 
is  to  be  added  to  the  organization.  The  concerts  are  given  weekly  in  Music 
Hall,  of  which  Mr.  Higginson  is  the  controlling  owner.  As  a  means  of 
educating  the  people  of  New  England  into  the  love  of  and  appreciation  for 
classical  music,  this  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  important  agencies; 
and  it  would  be  difficult  to  imagine  a  more  direct  and  practical  method 
for  educating  the  aesthetic  tastes  of  lovers  of  music. 


130  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

It  has  been  a  long  step  from  the  ancient  Philo-harmonic  Society,  founded 
away  back  in  1810,  to  the  broad  musical  culture  of  the  present  day,  with 
its  score  of  well-drilled  choral  societies,  skilful  orchestras,  and  sensitive 
Yankee-born  cognoscenti.  "This  progress  in  musical  culture  has  been  for- 
warded by  a  number  of  very  able  and  devoted  teachers,  laboring  in  widely 
different  spheres,  but  each  advancing  successfully  toward  the  common  end. 
Among  these  leaders  were,  and  are,  men  as  different  in  aim  and  character 
as  Lowell  Mason  and  Patrick  S.  Gilmore,  Carl  Zerrahn  and  Bernard  Liste- 
mann,  Georg  Henschel  and  Eben  Tourjee,  John  S.  Dwight  and  Louis  Maas. 
The  great  conservatories  of  music,  and  scores  of  private  teachers,  have 
given  technical  education  to  many  thousands  of  young  persons ;  and  the 
lonely  little  harpsichord  that  was  imported  to  Noddle's  Island  a  hundred 
years  ago  is  succeeded'by  such  myriads  of  pianos  that  some  of  the  richest 
companies  and  greatest  buildings  in  Boston  are  taxed  to  their  utmost  to 
keep  up  the  supply. 

Other  Musical  Societies  are  the  Arlington  Club,  on  the  plan  of  the 
Apollo;  the  Lotus  Glee  Club,  a  quartet  of  male  voices,  formed  in  1881  ; 
and  the  German  organizations,  —  the  Singing  Section  of  the  Boston  Turnve- 
rein,  the  Harugari  Liederkranz,  the  St.  Michel's,  the  Roxbury  Mannerchor, 
the  Liederkranz,  and  the  South  Boston  Liedertafel. 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


131 


E\)t  Brain  of  tijc  Cttg* 

THE   UNIVERSITIES,    COLLEGES,    PUBLIC   SCHOOLS,   AND   OTHER 
EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS. 

THE  educational  institutions  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity  have,  from  the 
earliest  days,  maintained  a  most  prominent  and  enviable  position. 
After  them  have  been  patterned  many  of  the  educational  institutions  of 
other  cities  of  this  country,  and  to  them  it  has  long  been  the  custom  of  the 
patriotic  Bostonian  to  "  point  with  pride."  This  position  has  been  won  by 
constant  care  and  attention,  a  wise  and  liberal  management,  and  a  generous 
and  intelligent  expenditure  of  money.  Boston  was  the  first  to  establish, 
nearly  250  years  ago,  free  schools,  open  alike  to  all,  since  which  time  her 
schools  have  been  most  jealously  fostered  and  cherished;  and  now  there 
exist  within  her  limits  public  schools  giving  instruction  to  about  52,000 
pupils,  at  a  cost  for  salaries  alone  of  $1,250,000,  and  an  annual  expenditure 
of  over  $1,500,000,  one  university  (the  Boston  University),  one  college  (the 
Boston  College),  one  polytechnic  school  (the  Institute  of  Technology),  and 
one  normal  art  school,  besides  nearly  100  private  schools,  and  several  free 
denominational  schools.  There  are  also  a  number  of  special  schools,  some 
of  which  have  particularly  interesting  features.  In  her  immediate  neighbor- 
hood are  the  great  University  at  Cambridge,  —  the  first  university  in  the  new 
country,  which  stands  to-day  the  best-endowed  and  the  most  extensive  insti- 
tution of  the  kind  in  America;  Wellesley  College,  at  Wellesley;  and  Tufts 
College,  on  College  Hill,  on  the  line  dividing  Somerville  from  Medford. 
This  chapter  will  contain  sketches  of  some  of  the  many  prominent  and  char- 
acteristic educational  institutions  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 

Harvard  University  was  founded  in  1638,  and  is  still  administered  under 
the  charter  granted  in  1650.  The  principal  seat  of  the  university  is  at 
Cambridge ;  but  three  departments,  the  Medical  School,  Dental  School,  and 
Bussey  Institution  (a  school  of  agriculture  and  horticulture),  are  situated  in 
Boston.  Through  the  men  who  have  been  trained  wkhin  its  walls,  the  insti- 
tution has  had  an  important  part  in  forming  the  character  and  establishing 
the  fame  of  Boston ;  and  it  has  itself  been  deeply  influenced  in  turn  by  the 
strong  public  spirit  of  Boston,  and  has  been  built  up  and  directed  largely 
by  Boston  men.  For  two  generations  after  the  settlement  of  the  country, 
Harvard  was  the  only  college  in  New  England ;  and  almost  all  the  native- 
born  clergy  were  educated  there,  the  clergy  being  the  ruling  class.     A  large 


132  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

proportion  of  the  families  which  have  been  eminent  in  Boston  and  Massa- 
chusetts are  families  whose  sons,  in  several  generations,  have  been  trained 
at  Harvard.  Among  the  scores  of  such  family-names,  those  of  Adams, 
Lowell,  Mather,  Otis,  Prescott,  Saltonstall,  Warren,  and  Winthrop  may  be 
mentioned  as  having  not  only  a  local,  but  a  national,  reputation.  Among 
individuals  who  were  conspicuous  in  Boston  in  their  day,  and  earned  a  fame 
which  outlasts  their  generation,  such  men  as  Increase  Mather,  James  Bow- 
doin,  John  Hancock,  John  Quincy  Adams,  William  Ellery  Channing,  and 
Charles  Sumner  come  at  once  to  mind,  all  of  whom  are  identified  with  the 
history  of  Harvard  by  the  love  they  bore  her  and  the  services  they  rendered 
her. 

The  prevailing  intellectual  tone  or  temper  of  the  university,  like  that  of 
the  town  of  Boston,  has  always  been  free.  The  university  is  hospitable  to 
all  religious  and  political  opinions;  but  its  inclination,  and  that  of  a  majority 
of  its  graduates,  from  the  earliest  times,  has  uniformly  been  towards  the  side 
of  liberty  in  Church  and  State.  The  particular  manifestation  of  this  inclina- 
tion has  changed  from  generation  to  generation,  but  the  tendency  has  been 
constant  and  plain  to  be  seen. 

While  cherished  and  honored  by  the  State,  Harvard  University  has  been, 
from  the  first,  a  private,  incorporated  institution,  supported,  in  the  main,  first 
by  the  fees  paid  by  its  students,  and  secondly  by  the  income  of  permanent 
funds  given  by  benevolent  individuals.  At  the  present  time  the  value  of  its 
lands,  buildings,  collections,  and  invested  funds  is  roughly  estimated  at 
$7,000,000.  Its  annual  receipts  from  students  for  instruction  are  almost 
$250,000,  and  its  total  income  is  upwards  of  $600,000.  It  has  160  teachers 
(of  whom  55  are  professors),  besides  26  librarians,  proctors,  and  other 
officers.  It  counts,  in  round  numbers,  1,400  students,  of  whom  about  900 
are  pursuing  liberal  studies,  and  500  professional. 

The  government  of  Harvard  University  may  be  briefly  described  as 
follows :  The  legal  title  of  the  corporation  is  the  "  President  and  Fellows 
of  Harvard  College."  The  corporation,  —  consisting  of  the  president,  fel- 
lows (five  in  number),  and  treasurer,  —  and  the  board  of  overseers  (thirty- 
two  in  number),  are  the  governing  powers  of  the  whole  university,  which 
comprehends  the  following  departments :  Harvard  College,  the  Divinity 
School,  the  Law  School,  the  Medical  School,  the  Dental  School,  the  Law- 
rence Scientific  School,  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  the  Bussey 
Institution,  the  college  library,  and  the  astronomical  observatory.  The  Pea- 
body  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology  is  a  constituent  part 
of  the  university,  but  its  relations  to  it  are  affected  by  peculiar  provisions. 
The  twenty-second  president  of  Harvard  is  Charles  W.  Eliot,  who  has  filled 
the  executive  chair  for  the  past  13  years.  It  is  within  the  scope  of  this 
work  to  mention  only  those  Harvard  buildings  that  are  inside  the  limits  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


*33 


Boston ;  but  all  of  the  numerous  buildings  used  by  the  university  are  briefly 
described  and  fully  illustrated  in  a  neat  hand-book,  entitled  "  Harvard  and  its 
Surroundings."  No  catalogue  is  issued  by  the  university,  but  an  official 
catalogue,  containing  information  regarding  all  departments  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  complete  lists  of  the  officers,  faculty,  and  students,  is  published 
by  Charles  W.  Sever,  proprietor  of  the  University  Bookstore,  Cambridge. 

The  Bussey  Institution  is  at  Jamaica  Plain,  near  Forest-hills  Station, 
on  the  Boston  and  Providence  Railroad.  It  is  a  school  of  agriculture  and 
horticulture,  and  was  established  as  a  department  of  Harvard  University, 
under  trusts  created  by  the  will  of  Benjamin  Bussey  of  Roxbury.  In  1870 
the  school  was  organized;  and  during  the  same  year  a  commodious  building 
of  Roxbury  pudding-stone,  112  by  73  feet,  in  the  Victoria  Gothic  architec- 
ture, was  erected.  By  the  end  of  the  next  year  greenhouses  and  sheds 
were  built,  the  grounds  and  avenues  laid  out,  and  a  water-supply  provided. 


fc'j^-  35rl3Z«Sm  Iff  -=r—~^. 


The  Bussey  Institution,  Jamaica  Plain. 


The  main  building  contains  an  office,  a  library  of  2,000  special  books,  recita- 
tion and  collection  rooms,  and  a  laboratory,  with  storerooms  and  a  glass- 
house attached.  The  cost  of  putting  up  and  furnishing  these  buildings  was 
$62,000.  In  1872  the  University  received  $100,000  from  James  Arnold  of 
New  Bedford,  who  left  that  sum  to  establish  in  the  Bussey  Institution  a 
professorship  of  tree-culture,  and  to  create  an  arboretum  which  will  ulti- 
mately contain  all  trees,  shrubs,  and  herbaceous  plants  that  can  grow  there 
in  the  open  air.  The  whole  of  the  Bussey  estate  recently  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  University.     It  comprises  360  acres,  of  which  137  acres  have 


J34 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


been  assigned  for  the  arboretum,  and  are  now  being  laid  out  with  walks  and 
roadways.  With  the  natural  beauties  of  the  estate  it  will,  as  an  open  park, 
make  a  delightful  resort.  The  dean  of  the  Bussey  Institution  is  Professor 
Francis  H.  Storer. 

The  Harvard  Dental  School  is  at  50  Allen  Street,  a  short  distance  from 
the  Harvard  Medical  School.  Its  basis  of  instruction  is  greatly  different 
from  that  of  other  dental  schools.  Here  the  terms  of  the  Dental  School 
coincide  with  those  of  the  other  departments  of  the  university,  and  last  for 
nine,  instead  of  the  usual  four  months  ;  and  the  course  is  a  progressive  one 
of  two  years,  no  part  of  the  instruction  of  the  first  year  being  repeated  in 
the  second.  Before  the  student  can  enter  upon  his  second  year  he  must 
pass  a  satisfactory  examination  in  the  studies  of  the  first  year,  which  are 
identical  with  those  of  the  first  year  in  the  .Medical  School,  and  under  the 
same  professors.  Three  years  of  study  are  necessary  for  admission  to 
examination  for  a  degree,  but  one  year  can  be  passed  under  a  private 
instructor.  The  faculty  includes  sixteen  instructors,  of  whom  six  are  pro- 
fessors. The  dean  of  the  Dental  School  is  Dr.  T.  H.  Chandler,  whose 
office  is  at  74  Commonwealth  Avenue. 


The  Harvard  Medical  School,  North  Grove  Street. 

The  Harvard  Medical  School  was  founded  in  1782,  as  the  result  of  a 
very  successful  course  of  lectures  delivered  in  Boston  before  the  Boston 
Medical  Society  by  Dr.  John  Warren,  a  brother  of  Gen.  Joseph  Warren. 
The  school  was  carried  on  in  Cambridge  until  1810,  when  it  was  removed 
to  Boston,  "  to  secure  those  advantages  for  clinical  instruction  and  for  the 
study  of  practical  anatomy  which  are  found  only  in  large  cities."  In  181 6 
it  took  possession  of  a  building  erected  on  Mason  Street,  by  means  of  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  135 

grant  obtained  from  the  State,  expressly  for  medical  instruction.  There  it 
remained  until  1S46,  when  a  three-story  building  was  built  on  North  Grove 
Street,  upon  land  given  by  Dr.  George  Parkman.  This  building,  which  ad- 
joins the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  contains  chemical  laboratories, 
lecture-rooms,  and  apparatus;  laboratories;  a  library  of  2,500  medical  works; 
an  anatomical  theatre  ;  and  a  museum  hall.  In  the  museum  hall  is  kept 
the  Warren  Anatomical  Museum,  of  which  the  original  collection,  accom- 
panied by  $6,000  for  its  care  and  increase,  was  given  by  Dr.  John  Collins 
Warren.  In  1SS3  the  school  occupies  its  new,  spacious,  and  magnificent 
building  at  the  corner  of  Boylston  and  Exeter  Streets,  on  the  Back  Bay. 
This  is  a  four-story  Renaissance  edifice,  of  brick  and  red-sandstone,  with 
picturesque  pavilions,  the  most  efficient  means  of  heating  and  ventilating, 
and  a  practically  fireproof  construction.  Van  Brunt  &  Howe  were  the 
architects;  and  the  amount  raised  for  the  work  was  $250,000.  On  the  first 
floor  are  coat-rooms,  reading-rooms,  library,  faculty-room,  etc.;  and  on  the 
second  story  are  the  great  laboratories.  The  third  floor  has  the  famous 
museum  of  comparative  anatomy  (the  best  in  America),  the  anatomical 
theatre,  and  several  lecture-rooms.  The  fourth  floor  contains  the  labora- 
tory for  anatomical  study,  and  other  rooms.  The  school  has  241  students 
and  43  instructors,  including  12  professors.  The  dean  of  the  Medical 
School  is  Dr.  Calvin  Ellis. 

Wellesley  College  has  unquestionably  the  largest  and  handsomest  build 
ing  in  the  world  devoted  exclusively  to  the  higher  education  of  women.  It 
is  situated  in  the  beautiful  village  of  Wellesley,  about  15  miles  from  the 
Boston  City  Hall,  on  Lake  Waban.  The  grounds,  comprising  over  300 
acres,  had  for  many  years  been  cultivated  as  a  gentleman's  countrv-seat,  and 
remind  one  of  an  English  park.  The  largest  building,  with  its  wings,  is  475 
feet  long,  four  and  five  stories  high.  It  is  of  brick,  trimmed  with  freestone. 
This  building,  designed  by  Hammatt  Billings,  the  "artist  architect,"  and 
considered  by  him  his  masterpiece,  is  celebrated  for  its  superb  architecture 
and  thorough  construction.  The  college  has  been  successful  ever  since  it 
was  opened  in  1S75.  Since  18S0  the  College  of  Music,  Stone  Hall,  and 
Simpson  and  Waban  Cottages  have  been  erected.  The  number  of  students 
is  4S2,  —  the  largest  number  at  any  woman's  college  in  the  world.  The 
standard  of  study  is  similar  to  that  of  the  foremost  colleges  for  young  men. 
The  library  contains  25,000  volumes.  The  apparatus,  cabinets,  and  labora- 
tories are  extensive,  and  fully  up  to  the  requirements  of  modern  science. 
The  college  is  chartered  by  the  State,  and  is  empowered  to  confer  all  the 
collegiate  and  honorary  degrees  that  are  conferred  by  any  Massachusetts 
college  or  university.  The  College-Aid  Society  spends  from  $6,000  to  $7,000 
a  year  to  assist  poor  girls  to  secure  an  education.  The  college  is  already 
a  national  institution,  drawing  its  students  from  nearly  every  State  in  the 


136 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Union.     The  average  age  of  the  students  is  about  20  years.     The  number 
of  teachers  and  officers  is  60.     The  president  is  Alice  E.  Freeman,  Ph.D. 


Wellesley  College,  Wellesley. 

Boston  University  was  founded  by  Isaac  Rich,  Lee  Claflin,  and  Jacob 
Sleeper,  in  1X69,  and  includes  at  present  three  colleges,  four  professional 
schools,  and  a  post-graduate  department  of  universal  science.  The  College 
of  Liberal  Arts  is  distinguished  for  its  high  requirements  for  admission,  and 
for  the  strictness  with  which  it  limits  itself  to  purely  collegiate  instruction. 
The  College  of  Music,  established  in  1872,  is  located  in  the  .Music-Hail 
building.     This  is  the  only  institution  of  its  kind  in  America,  being  intended 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  137 

for  the  graduates  of  the  ordinary  musical  colleges  and  conservatories.  The 
College  of  Agriculture  was  established  in  1875  by  an  agreement  with  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  College  at  Amherst.  The  School  of  Theology, 
formerly  the  Boston  Theological  Seminary,  36  Bromfield  Street,  was  adopted 
by  the  university  corporation  in  1871.  It  is  the  oldest  theological  school 
of  the  Methodist-Episcopal  Church,  but  has  long  employed  lecturers  and 
instructors  of  other  ecclesiastical  affiliations  also.  The  School  of  Law 
was  the  first  in  this  country  to  present  a  three-years'  course  of  stud)',  and 
limits  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  laws  to  those  candidates  who  had  already 
taken  the  first  degree  in  arts  (A.  B.).  The  school  is  at  36  Bromfield  Street. 
The  School  of  Medicine  was  the  first  one  in  the  country  to  present  courses 
of  instruction  four  years  in  duration,  and  which  (at  the  end  of  three-years' 
courses)  confers  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  medicine  or  bachelor  of  surgery. 
Most  of  its  Faculty  are  homoeopathic  in  theory,  but  its  statutes  provide  for 
the  co-operation  of  any  incorporated  State  medical  society  in  the  United 
States  in  the  testing  and  graduation  of  students.  For  several  years  past 
the  whole  number  of  students  attending  the  Schools  of  Theology,  Law,  and 
Medicine  has  exceeded  the  aggregate  of  the  same  classes  of  students  in  any 
other  American  university.  The  crowning  department  of  the  university  is 
the  School  of  All  Sciences,  organized  exclusively  for  post-graduate  instruc- 
tion in  liberal  studies.  With  it  are  associated  the  faculties  of  the  National 
University  at  Athens  and  the  Royal  University  at  Rome.  It  is  claimed 
that  Boston  University  was  the  first  in  the  world  to  organize  from  the  start 
and  throughout  without  respect  to  sex.  Ex-Gov.  William  Claflin,  LL.D., 
is  president  of  the  board  of  trustees;- and  the  Rev.  William  F.  Warren, 
S.T.D.,  LL.D.,  is  president  of  the  university.  Jacob  Sleeper  Hall  was 
erected  in  1882,  at  a  cost  of  $80,000,  on  Somerset  Street,  and  is  a  nearly 
fireproof  brick  building,  commemorating  in  its  name  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  University.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  whose 
lofty  spire,  higher  than  the  State-House  dome,  was,  until  a  year  or  two  ago, 
a  conspicuous  feature  in  all  views  of  the  city.  At  the  dedication,  in  1882, 
Gov.  Long,  Presidents  Eliot  and  Walker,  Joseph  Cook,  and  other  distin- 
guished men  made  addresses.  It  is  occupied  by  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts,  for  its  studies,  class-rooms,  collections,  chapel,  gymnasium,  halls,  and 
offices ;  and  is  fitted  up  with  the  utmost  commodiousness  and  much  of  deco- 
rative beauty. 

The  Boston  University  School  of  Medicine  is,  like  all  other  departments 
of  the  Boston  University,  open  alike  to  both  sexes.  It  was  organized  in 
1873  i  a°d  in  the  following  year,  by  legislative  act,  the  New-England  Female 
Medical  College,  the  first  school  to  instruct  women  in  medicine,  was  united 
with  it.  For  this  purpose  an  optional  year  has  been  added,  making  the  full 
course  four  years,  with  the  privilege  of  gaining  the  baccalaureate  degree  at 


138  KING'S  HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

the  end  of  the  third  year.  The  school  is  situated  on  East-Concord  Street, 
opposite  the  City  Hospital,  and  close  by  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic 
Hospital.  It  has  spacious  grounds,  with  large'  and  convenient  buildings, 
a  library  of  2,000  volumes,  museum,  chemical  and  microscopical  laborato- 
ries, and  extensive  apparatus  foi  teaching  and  illustration.  From  its  prox- 
imity to  hospitals  and  dispensaries,  it  gives  its  students  excellent  facilities 
for  practical  observation  and  instruction.  The  faculty  includes  28  profess- 
ors, lecturers,  and  instructors  ;  and  although  many  of  these  are  prominent 
homoeopathic  physicians,  yet  every  department  of  medicine,  surgery,  and 
the  collateral  sciences  receives  proper  attention.  The  success  of  this  school 
has  been  quite  remarkable :  upwards  of  800  students  have  been  in  attend- 
ance ;  and  in  the  past  ten  years  it  has  graduated  330  physicians,  —  one-third 
being  women,  —  nearly  all  of  whom  are  now  engaged  in  successful  practice. 
The  dean  of  the  school,  and  professor  of  surgery,  is  I.  T.  Talbot,  M.D., 
66  Marlborough  Street. 

Boston  College  was  founded  in  1863  by  the  Fathers  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  and  it  is  conducted  by  them.  It  is  located  on  Harrison  Avenue,  next 
adjoining  the  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception;  and  the  value  of  its 
building  and  grounds  is  estimated  at  about  $200,000.  The  course  is  long 
and  thorough,  and  classical  studies  occupy  a  prominent  place  in  it.  It  has 
a  corps  of  16  professors  and  other  instructors.  The  number  of  students 
is  200,  and  increases  from  year  to  year.  Rev.  J.  O'Connor,  S.  J.,  is  the 
president. 

Tufts  College,  on  College  Hill,  Medford,  is  under  control  of  the  Univer- 
salist  denomination.  It  is  well  endowed,  enjoying  the  revenue  of  nearly 
$1,000,000,  and  has  several  scholarships.  It  has  a  classical  course  of  four 
years,  a  four-years'  course  for  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  philosophy,  a  three- 
years'  engineering  course,  and  a  divinity  school.  The  collegiate  department 
has  12  professors  and  instructors,  and  the  divinity  school  4  professors,  1  in- 
structor, and  1  lecturer.  The  president  is  Elmer  H.  Capen,  D.D.,  who  has 
held  that  office  since  1875.  The  college  was  chartered  in  1852,  and  opened 
in  1854.  It  has  several  commodious  buildings,  and  occupies  one  of  the 
most  sightly  spots  about  Boston.     There  are  nearly  100  students. 

The  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  was  incorporated  in  1861, 
for  the  purpose  of  instituting  and  maintaining  a  Society  of  Arts,  a  Museum 
of  Arts,  and  a  School  of  Industrial  Science.  The  Society  of  Arts  now 
numbers  between  200  and  300  members,  and  meets  at  its  rooms  in  the 
Institute  building  fortnightly.  The  Museum  has  been  well  started,  and 
includes  models  of  machinery,  casts,  prints,  drawings,  architectural  plans, 
etc.  The  building  is  of  pressed  brick,  with  freestone  trimmings,  and  stands 
on  a  lot  of  land  granted  by  the  State,  bounded  by  Boylston,  Clarendon,  New- 
bury, and  Berkeley  Streets.     The  Institute  receives  government  aid  under 


T.IO 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


the  act  of  Congress  designed  to  promote  instruction  in  agriculture,  the 
mechanic  arts,  and  military  science  and  tactics  ;  is  authorized  to  confer 
degrees,  and  is  obliged  to  provide  for  military  instruction.  The  school  has 
more  than  40  instructors,  and  516  students.  There  are  ten  courses,  —  those 
of  civil  and  topographical  engineering,  mechanical  engineering,  geology  and 
mining  engineering,  building  and  architecture,  chemistry,  metallurgy,  natural 
history,  science  and  literature,  physics,  and    an    elective,  —  each  covering 


Th°  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boylston  Street. 

four  years.  A  School  of  Mechanic  Arts,  in  which  special  prominence  is 
given  to  manual  instruction,  has  also  been  established.  In  the  Institute 
building  proper,  there  are  over  50  rooms,  most  of  them  being  laboratories 
or  lecture-rooms  in  the  various  departments.  There  is  also  a  large  and 
elegant  audience-room,  called  Huntington  Hall,  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
900.  A  restaurant  is  kept  in  the  gymnasium.  The  president  of  the  Insti- 
tute is  Gen.  Francis  A.  Walker.  Professor  William  B.  Rogers,  the  founder 
of  the  Institute,  died  suddenly  at  the  annual  exhibition  in  June,  1SS2,  while 
addressing  the  sraduatinir  class. 

A  school  of  industrial  design  is  maintained,  in  connection  with  the  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  by  the  Lowell-Institute  fund.  In  1S83,  buildings  are 
under  construction  farther  out  on  the  Back-bay  lands,  one  for  a  gymnasium 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON.  r4l 

and  "drill-shed,  the  other  for  the  shops  and  schools  of  mechanic  arts,  etc.  A 
large  new  building  is  being  erected  near  the  Institute,  for  laboratory  and 
other  purposes. 

The  Boston  Public  Schools,  according  to  the  recent  report,  comprise 
504  general  and  21  special  schools  in  the  city;  of  the  former,  442  are 
primary,  51  grammar,  8  high,  2  Latin,  and  1  normal.  Of  the  special  schools, 
the  two  for  licensed  minors  are  on  North  Margin  Street  and  East  Street: 
and  the  Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf  is  on  Warrenton  Street.  The 
others  are  evening-schools,  some  for  teaching  the  elementary  branches,  and 
others  for  the  classical  branches  and  drawing ;  and  their  annual  winter  ses- 
sions are  held  in  school-buildings  in  various  parts  of  the  city.  In  the  general 
schools,  during  the  school-year  1882-S3,  there  were  about  57,000  pupils,  taught 
by  1,129  teachers.  There  were  also  a  number  of  licensed  minors  and  deaf- 
mutes  under  instruction  ;  and  a  large  number  in  the  evening  schools.  Special 
teachers  for  these  schools,  and  other  temporary  teachers  and  special  assist- 
ants, increase  the  number  of  teachers  on  the  pay-roll  to  about  1,300.  The 
salaries  of  the  teachers  and  officers  for  the  year  amounted  to  $1,180,193.73. 
The  system  is  under  the  control  of  the  mayor,  and  board  of  school-committee, 
a  body  of  24  persons,  8  of  whom  are  chosen  annually  for  a  term  of  three  years. 
The  authority  of  the  board  is  almost  absolute,  even  in  making  appropriations 
from  the  city  treasury ;  but  the  real  work  of  managing  the  schools  is  dele- 
gated to  the  superintendent,  Edwin  P.  Seaver,  and  the  supervisors,  Samjiel 
W.  Mason,  Ellis  Peterson,  Robert  C.  Metcalf,  John  Kneeland,  Lymati  R. 
Williston,  and  Lucretia  Crocker, — a  former  member  of  the  school-com- 
mittee, to  which  women  have  been  eligible  since  1874.  This  board  of  su- 
pervisors costs  the  city  $22,680  annually.  All  the  general  schools  are 
strictly  graded ;  and  promotions  take  place  twice  a  year,  by  a  system  of 
uniform  examinations.  The  course  of  the  primary-school  is  three  years ; 
of  the  grammar-school,  six  years ;  and  of  the  high-school,  three  years,  with 
advanced  instruction  in  the  two  central  high-schools.  When  preparing  for 
college,  boys  and  girls  are  admitted  to  their  respective  Latin-schools,  at  an 
early  age,  after  passing  an  examination  equivalent  to  that  required  for  admis- 
sion to  the  third  class  in  the  grammar-schools,  where  the  course  for  the 
former  is  six  years,  and  for  the  latter  six  years.  The  majority  of  the 
primary-schools  throughout  the  city,  and  nearly  all  suburban  schools,  are 
mixed.  A  new  programme  of  studies  has  been  introduced  in  the  past  few 
years,  in  which  a  great  amount  of  oral  teaching  is  prescribed,  especially  in 
the  primary-schools.  Grammar  is  superseded  by  what  are  called  language- 
lessons.  The  metric  system  is  to  be  taught,  and  natural  philosophy  and 
physiology  are  to  be  taken  up  in  the  higher  grammar-classes.  Drawing  and 
music  have  long  been  taught  as  regular  studies  in  all  the  schools,  and  sew- 
ing is  taught  in  the  lower  half  of  the  girls'  grammar-schools. 


142 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  Boston  Latin-School  is  more  interesting  than  any  of  the  other 
schools,  partly  from  its  character  as  a  preparatory  school  for  college,  and 
partly  from  its  many  traditions.  It  was  founded  in  the  year  1635,  a  long 
time  before  any  other  city  school  now  existing,  and  ten  years  before  any 
other  school  of  its  class  in  Massachusetts.  Among  its  masters  were  Ezekiel 
Cheever,  for  40  years  ;  John  Lovell,  for  40  years  ;  Benjamin  Apthorp  Gould ; 
Epes  S.  Dixwell;  and  Francis  Gardner,  who  for  44  years  was  usher,  sub- 

m  _  master,    m  as- 

...,,  ter,  and  head 
w>  master.  The 
;_-  present  head 
master  is 
Moses  Merrill. 
The  graduates 
have  formed 
an  association, 
and  own  a  fine 
library  of  3,- 
000  volumes, 
which  are  kept 
in  the  school- 
building.  The 
school  itself 
owns  a  very 
good  collec- 
tion of  objects 
illustrating  the 

history  and  topography  of  Greece  and  Rome.  In  the  school-building  stands 
a  marble  monument  to  the  memory  of  graduates  who  fell  in  the  civil  war. 
The  design  is  by  Richard  Greenough,  and  represents  the  Ahna  Mater  of  the 
school  resting  on  a  shield  which  bears  the  names  of  the  dead  heroes,  and 
extending  a  laurel  crown  to  those  who  returned  from  the  war.  On  marble 
tablets  on  either  side  of  the  vestibule  are  engraved  the  names  of  all  the 
scholars  who  served  with  the  national  forces  without  losing  their  lives.  The 
first  Latin-school  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  City  Hall,  from  which 
School  Street  derived  its  name.  Afterwards  it  was  removed  to  the  site  of 
the  Parker  House,  thence  to  Bedford  Street,  and  in  1881  to  the  new  building 
described  below. 

The  New  English-High  and  Latin  School  building,  which  the  city  of 
Boston  has  just  erected  on  the  lot  fronting  on  Warren  Avenue,  Montgomery 
and  Dartmouth  Streets,  is  the  largest  structure  in  America  devoted  to  edu- 
cational purposes,  and  the  largest  in  the  world  used  as  a  free  public  school. 


The  Old  Boston   Latin-School,  Bedford   Street. 


i44 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  building  was  begun  in  1877;  and  that  portion  to  be  used  by  the  schools 
was  completed  in  the  year  [S80,  at  a  total  cost  of  about  5750,000.  The 
Dartmouth-street  front,  which  is  to  be  occupied  by  the  school-board  and  its 
officers,  will  be  added  hereafter.  The  structure  is  designed  after  the  Ger- 
man plan,  the  principle  of  which  is  the  hollow  square  with  corridors  follow- 
in^  its  outlines.  36  schoolrooms  occupy  the  street-fronts  ;  12  receive  their 
light  from  the  courts.  All  the  schoolrooms  front  on  the  open  air;  and  the 
width  of  the  whole  building  is  simply  the  width  of  a  room  and  its  corridor, 
thus  insuring  the  best  light  and  ventilation.  There  are  4S  schoolrooms,  each 
accommodating  35  pupils.  The  great  court-yard  is  divided  in  the  centre  by 
corridors  connecting  with  a  "  theatre "  building,  that  contains  two  lecture- 
halls,  with  a  seating-capacity  of  150  each;  with  cabinet-rooms,  and  two 
library-rooms  for  both  schools,  —  the  Latin-school,  with  its  front  on  Warren 
Avenue,  and  the  English  high-school,  on  Montgomery  Street.  The  two 
schools  are  connected  in  the  rear  by  a  drill-hall  and  gymnasium,  for  the  use 
of  both  schools  in  common,  occupying  the  east  side  of  the  quadrangle. 
The  chemical  laboratory  and  a  lecture-room  are  in  a  detached  building.  The 
entire  building  will  be,  when  completed,  423  feet  long,  and  220  feet  wide. 
At  present,  without  the  administration-building  (as  the  part  reserved  for 
the  school-board  will  be  called),  it  is  339  feet  long.  It  has  three  stories 
and  a  basement,  the  latter  being  a  clere-story  facing  the  courts.  The  style 
is  a  modern  Renaissance;  having  all  the  lines  of  strength  treated  architec- 
turally in  stone,  the  frieze-courses  inlaid  with  terra-cotta,  while  the  back- 
ground is  of  Philadelphia  brick.  Practically  the  building  is  fireproof 
throughout.  Each  of  the  schoolrooms  is  surrounded  by  brick  walls,  form- 
ing fireproof  sections.  The  staircases  are  of  iron,  and  the  four  that  are  in 
each  building  are  in  width  proportioned  to  the  number  to  be  accommodated. 
Great  care  has  been  given  to  the  sanitary  regulations.  The  interior  finish 
is  of  Michigan  oak.  The  exhibition-halls  are  arranged  in  amphitheatre 
form,  62  by  82  feet,  and  25  feet  high.  The  drill-hall  is  a  grand  feature.  It 
is  on  the  street-level,  130  feet  long  by  62  feet  wide,  and  30  feet  high,  with 
entrances  from  Warren  Avenue,  Montgomery  and  Clarendon  Streets,  and 
the  court-yard.  The  floor  is  of  thick  plank,  calked  like  a  ship's  deck,  and 
is  laid  upon  solid  concrete.  The  hall  can  accommodate  the  whole  school- 
battalion,  and  can  also  be  used  for  mounted  drill.  The  drill-hall,  with  its 
galleries,  could  seat  3,000  persons.  It,  and  also  the  gymnasium  above,  of 
the  same  size,  are  both  finished  in  natural  materials,  and  treated  so  as  to 
get  a  constructional  effect  of  open  timber-work,  the  wood  being  of  hard 
pine,  shellacked  and  varnished;  the  walls  of  Philadelphia  brick,  laid  in 
bright  red  mortar,  and  trimmed  with  sandstone.  The  basement-story  and 
the  court-yards  are  to  be  specially  fitted  up  for  play-room.  The  entire 
building,  which  makes  an  excellent  model  of  good  workmanship,  and  is  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


145 


credit  to  the  city,  and  to  the  artisans  engaged  in  its  construction,  was  de- 
signed by  the  city  architect,  George  A.  Clough.  During  the  winter  season 
the  free  evening  high-school  is  held  here. 

The  Boston  Normal  School  is  in  the  third  story  of  the  Rice-school 
building,  on  Dartmouth  Street ;  and  the  Rice  school  (including  the  Rice 
primary-school,  Appleton  Street)  is  now  the  Rice  Training-school;  which 
gives  an  opportunity  to  the  Normal-school  pupils  to  obtain  some  practical 
knowledge  of  the  methods  of  teaching.  The  school  was  established  in  1854, 
and  is  expressly  for  girls. 
Larkin  Dunton,  LL.  D., 
has  been  head  master 
since  its  separation  from 
the  Girls'  High-School,  in 
1872. 

The  Girls'  High- 
School,  on  Newton  Street, 
occupies  a  large  building, 
originally  designed  for  the 
high  and  normal  schools. 
It  was  completed  in  1870, 
and  at  that  time  was  be- 
lieved to  be  the  largest, 
most  substantial,  and  cost- 
ly school-edifice  in  the 
United  States.  The  large 
hall  in  the  upper  story  con- 
tains various  casts  from  antique  sculpture  and  statuary,  the  contributions  of 
several  members  of  the  Social  Science  Association. 

The  Public  Latin-School  for  Girls  was  established  in  1878.  The  course 
of  study  here  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  Public  Latin-school  for  boys.  It 
embraces  also  oral  instruction  in  physiology  and  zoology,  and  a  more  de- 
tailed study  of  botany.  Two  hours  a  week  are  devoted  to  physical  and 
vocal  training.  The  pupils  have  three  prepared  lessons  each  day,  and  one 
unprepared.  At  the  unprepared  lesson,  among  other  exercises,  are  transla- 
tion at  sight,  oral  reading  and  study  of  passages  in  literature  not  previously 
examined,  working  of  problems,  and  examination  of  natural  objects  under 
the  departments  of  physiology.  It  is  the  statement  of  those  acquainted 
with  the  management  of  the  school,  that  so  judiciously  is  it  conducted,  that 
the  course  of  study  is  for  girls  of  fair  ability  who  begin  in  good  health,  even 
though  they  may  be  delicately  constituted,  not  a  severe  or  unsafe  task  af- 
fecting injuriously  their  physical  condition.  Pupils  who  pass  successfully 
through  the  fourth  class  of  the  grammar-schools  are  considered  to  be  amply 


The  Girls'  High-School,  West  Newton  Street 


146  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

qualified  for  the  lowest  class  of  this  school.  The  school  is  succeeding  satis- 
factorily in  every  respect,  and  is  regarded  as  past  the  experimental  stage. 
Girls  pass  from  it  to  the  colleges  for  women  and  those  admitting  both  sexes. 
The  movement  for  the  establishment  of  this  school  was  begun  by  the  so- 
ciety for  the  encouragement  of  the  University  Education  of  Women,  and 
petition  was  first  made  for  the  admission  of  girls  into  the  Boston  Latin  School. 
This  failing,  the  establishment  of  the  separate  Latin  School  for  girls  was 
next  successfully  urged.  The  school  is  situated  on  West-Newton  Street, 
in  the  same  building  with  the  Girls'  High  School.  John  Tetlow  is  the 
master.  The  entrance  examinations  occur  on  the  first  Saturday  in  June  and 
the  first  Monday  in  September.     The  pupils  increase  in  numbers  yearly. 

Of  the  many  schools  having  interesting  features  we  may  mention  the 
English  high-school  in  the  new  Latin-school  building,  differing  from  the  sub- 
urban high-schools  only  in  being  exclusively  for  boys,  and  in  having  male 
teachers,  and  a  greater  variety  of  educational  apparatus.  Among  the  gram- 
mar-schools at  which  one  finds  the  best  class  of  scholars  are  the  Dwight, 
the  Everett,  and  the  Exeter-street :  the  last-named  has  the  finest  school-build- 
ing in  the  city.  This  building  is  notable  as  the  first  example  in  New  England 
of  the  plan  so  universally  adopted  in  Germany  and  Austria;  the  essential 
difference  being  in  the  grouping  of  the  rooms,  and  so  arranging  them  that 
no  part  of  the  building  shall  exceed  the  width  of  a  room  and  corridor,  or 
confining  the  rooms  mainly  on  one  side  of  the  corridor,  instead  of  grouping 
them  around  a  common  hall  in  the  centre,  which  has  been  the  general  prac- 
tice in  this  country.  The  advantage  gained  in  the  foreign  plan  is  securing 
a  freer  and  more  certain  circulation  of  air,  and  avoiding  a  reservoir,  such 
as  a  central  hall  is  likely  to  be,  for  foul  air,  communicating  with  the  other 
rooms ;  it  also  secures  better  light,  and  a  more  direct  connection  between 
staircases,  corridors,  and  entrances.  The  Exeter-street  school  is  known 
as  the  Prince  school,  named  for  ex-Mayor  Prince.  In  the  Eliot,  at  the 
North  End,  one  may  find  whole  classes  in  which  every  member  partly 
maintains  himself,  and  in  which  every  one  is  very  poor.  Only  good  dis- 
ciplinarians can  govern  these  children,  and  the  traditions  of  the  school  are 
exceedingly  amusing.  A  thorough  system  of  gymnastics  in  use  here  was 
invented  by  Mr.  Mason,  one  of  the  present  supervisors,  while  he  was  master 
of  this  school.  The  Emerson  school,  in  East  Boston,  is  among  those  famous 
for  the  penmanship  of  its  scholars.  The  Rice  primary-school  occupies  a 
position  similar  to  that  held  by  the  Dwight  and  Everett  among  grammar- 
schools  ;  and  the  Genesee-street  primary  is  noted  for  the  absolute  poverty 
of  its  scholars.  It  is  worth  visiting,  because  the  results  of  the  primary- 
school  system  are  more  plainly  evident  than  in  schools  attended  by  a  better 
class  of  children.  The  difference  between  the  slovenly  little  creatures  who 
have  been  in  the  school  a  few  weeks,  and  the  neat,  alert  boys  and  girls  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


H7 


the  upper  classes,  justify  the  Bostonian  in  assuming  an  air  of  pride  as  he 
asks,  "  What  do  you  think  of  our  public  schools  ?  " 

The  Private  Schools  of  the  city  number  about  100;  and  about  5,000 
pupils  find  instruction  in  free  denominational  schools,  so  called,  which  are 
chiefly  Catholic  institutions. 

The  Chauncy-Hall  School,  Nos.  259  to  265  Boylston  Street,  near  Qart- 
mouth  Street,  is  a  private  school  of  high  reputation,  that  was  established  in 
1828  by  the  late  G.  F.  Thayer.  The  present  schoolhouse  is  the  property 
of  a  corporation,  composed  chiefly  of  former  pupils  and  patrons,  of  which 
George  B.  Chase 
is  president,  and 
Benjamin  W. 
Gilbert  is  treas- 
urer. The  Chaun- 
cy-Hall School 
is  now  conduct- 
ed by  William 
H.  Ladd,  late  of 
Cushing&  Ladd, 
as  principal.  The 
schoolhouse  was 
originally  in 
Chauncy  Place, 
subsequently  in 
Essex  Street; 
and  in  1873,  trie 
building  having 
been  burned,  the 
present  site  was 
occupied.  The 
building  is  excel- 
lently adapted  to 
its  purposes ;  and 
unusual  care  has 
been  devoted  to 


The  Chauncy-Hall  School,  Boylston  Street. 


proper  ventilation,  heating,  etc.;  while  the  furniture  is  on  a  new  pattern, and 
is  free  from  any  tendency  to  cause  injuries  to  health,  the  foundation  of  which 
is  so  often  laid  in'  school.  The  advantages  of  the  division  of  labor  in  in- 
struction and  of  the  departmental  system  are  thoroughly  established  by  the 
experience  of  the  managers.  The  school  is  designed  to  furnish  a  complete 
course  of  school-education,  beginning  with  the  kindergarten  and  the  primary 
school,  and  continuing  through  the  upper  departments  in  preparation  for  the 


I4g  KING'S  HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

university,  the  Institute  of  Technology,  or  for  business.  Military  drill  is 
practised  four  times  a  week,  and  there  is  an  excellent  gymnasium.  There 
is  also  a  laboratory  in  the  school-building.  Special  students  are  admitted  to 
participate  in  the  lessons  of  such  classes  as  they  choose  and  are  fit  for. 
Girls  are  admitted  to  the  classes  of  the  primary  and  upper  departments  and 
as  special  students. 

The  Massachusetts  Normal  Art-School  was  established  by  the  State  in 
1873,  as  a  training-school,  for  the  purpose  of  qualifying  teachers  and  masters 
of  industrial  drawing.  Its  chief  aim  at  present  is  to  prepare  teachers  for 
the  industrial  drawing-schools  of  the  State,  who  can  also  direct  and  superin- 
tend the  instruction  in  this  branch  in  the  public  schools.  The  demand  for 
these  teachers  is  the  result  of  an  act  passed  by  the  legislature  in  1870, 
making  instruction  in  this  branch  obligatory  in  the  public  day-schools,  and 
requiring  cities  and  towns  containing  more  than  10,000  inhabitants  to  pro- 
vide free  instruction  in  industrial  drawing  to  persons  over  fifteen  years  of 
age.  This  school  occupies  the  building  formerly  known  as  the  "  Deacon 
House,"  at  the  South  End,  on  Washington  Street.  All  students  are  charged 
as  follows  :  residents  of  the  State,  no  tuition,  but  f  20  a  year  for  expenses ; 
non-residents,  a  tuition  of  $100  a  year.  There  are  170  students,  100  of 
whom  are  from  Boston. 

The  New-England  Conservatory  of  Music  at  Boston,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  Eben  Tourjee,  is  the  largest  and  best-appointed  musical  institute 
in  the  world.  Of  this  worthy  institution  and  its  already  celebrated  founder, 
"  Harper's  New  Monthly  Magazine"  said  :  — 

"Twenty-five  years  ago  there  was  nothing  in  this  country  deserving  the 
name,  if  it  aped  the  title,  of  a  music-school.  Eben  Tourjee,  then  scarcely 
more  than  a  lad,  seeking  vainly  for  instruction  and  advantages  that  to-day 
are  within  reach  of  the  humblest,  resolved,  with  that  one  idea,  persistency, 
which  from  time  immemorial  characterizes  great  reformers,  that  one  day 
there  should  exist  in  this  land  a  school  of  music,  where  art  should  be  placed 
on  the  same  footing  as  other  studies  in  our  higher  institutions  of  learning  ; 
where  it  should  not  be  viewed  merely  as  an  accomplishment,  but  rather  as 
an  integral  part  of  a  well-rounded,  complete  education,  to  be  pursued,  not 
spasmodically,  but  with  systematic  thoroughness.  In  1851  young  Tourjee 
unfolded  his  plans  for  a  music-school  to  one  whose  specialty  lay  in  the 
direction  of  commercial  training.  This  gentleman  proposed  a  joint  com- 
mercial and  musical  college,  —  a  union  which  strikes  one  like  the  propo- 
sition of  a  would-be  Yankee  Meyerbeer  to  set  the  Constitution  to  a  sym- 
phony. Fortunately  for  the  true  progress  of  music,  this  idea  was  [never 
entertained  by  Tourjee,  and]  never  developed.  But  in  1853  we  find  Mr. 
Tourje'e  endeavoring  to  interest  prominent  musical  and  educational  profess- 
ors in  Boston  in  his  project  for  a  musical  conservatory,  to  embrace  the  best 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    Of   BOSTON 


149 


elements  of  the  foreign  schools.  All  professed  interest,  but  condemned  the 
scheme  as  visionary.  The  capital  could  never  be  raised ;  there  would  not 
be  pupils  enough  to  form  classes,  or  warrant  the  employment  of  suitable 
teachers ;  in  short,  if  it  ever  was  to  be  done,  Mr.  Tourjee  must  do  it  himself, 
raise  a  fund,  start  a  college,  and  get  himself  elected  president,  —  a  mocking 
prophecy,  which  ere  long  brought  its  own  fulfilment.  Nothing  daunted, 
through  1853-54  Mr.  Tourjee  continued  his  classes  in  piano,  organ,  voice; 
and,  never  losing  sight  of  his  central  thought,  he  found  time  to  issue  and 
conduct  an  able  little  paper,  called  'The  Key-Note,'  in  which  he  endeavored 
to  encourage  the  study  of  music  on  a  higher  basis  than  that  usually  pursued, 
indicating  with  prophetic  utterance  the  future  of   music  in  this  country." 


The  New-England  Conservatory  ot  Music,  Franklin  Square. 


The  grand  result  of  his  labors  and  successes  is  shown  in  the  New-England 
Conservatory,  which  he  established  in  1867.  In  it  he  has  been  favored  with 
the  patronage  of  more  than  30,000  persons,  and  through  it  he  gives  instruc- 
tion to  more  than  2,000  persons  annually.  To  him  are  the  people  all  over 
the  country  indebted  for  the  conservatories  patterned  after  the  grand  insti- 
tution for  which  he  laid  the  foundation.  In  1882  Mr.  Tourjee  bought  the 
immense  St.  James  Hotel,  at  the  South  End,  on  Newton  Street,  and  front- 
ing on  the  pretty  Franklin  Square;  and  here  he  has  established  a  magnifi- 
cent college  of  music,  with  nearly  100  teachers,  such  as  Zerrahn,  Whitney, 
Maas,  Walter  Smith,  Whiting,  Dunham,  Wheeler,  Orth,  De  Seve,  Bendix, 
and  others,  and  courses  of  study  in  all  departments  of  music,  art,  and  the 
languages,  and  other  subjects.     There  are  rooms  for  more  than  500  women 


I5o  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

students  in  the  building,  where  persons  from  other  cities  can  live  comforta- 
bly, under  the  best  religious  influences,  and  in  the  harmonious  development 
of  their  best  faculties.  This  grand  establishment  is  the  musical  Harvard  of 
America. 

The  Lowell  Institute,  one  of  the  most  unique  of  the  educational  institu- 
tions of  Boston,  was  established  in  1S39,  by  the  munificence  of  John  Lowell, 
"to  provide  for  regular  courses  of  free  public  lectures  upon  the  most  impor- 
tant branches  of  natural  and  moral  science,  to  be  annually  delivered  in  the 
city  of  Boston."  Besides  the  School  of  Industrial  Design  connected  with 
the  Institute  of  Technology,  two  drawing-schools  were  until  1878  maintained 
by  this  fund.  The  Lowell-Institute  lectures  are  now  given  in  the  hall  of 
the  Institute  of  Technology. 

The  Simmons  Female  College,  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  "medicine, 
music,  drawing,  designing,  telegraphy,  and  other  branches  of  art,  science, 
and  industry  best  calculated  to  enable  the  scholars  to  acquire  an  independent 
livelihood,"  was  provided  for  by  the  will  of  John  Simmons  in  1870.  He  left 
store  and  dwelling  property  in  the  city,  valued  at  the  time  at  about  $1,400,000, 
the  income  from  which,  under  certain  conditions  and  after  certain  payments, 
was  to  be  applied  to  the  establishment  of  the  college.  But  a  portion  of  the 
property  having  been  destroyed  in  the  Great  Fire,  and  the  income  being 
impaired,  nothing  has  been  done  by  the  trustees  to  carry  out  the  project. 

The  American  College  and  Education  Society,  with  its  office  at  No.  IO 
Congregational  House,  has  for  its  objects  the  promotion  of  Protestant  theo- 
logical education  ;  and  with  this  purpose  it  aids  Western  colleges,  and  many 
young  men,  candidates  for  the  ministry.  Charles  Benedict  of  Waterbury, 
Conn.,  is  president ;  and  Increase  N.  Tarbox,  D.D.,  secretary.  Tt  is  unsec- 
tarian,  though  its  funds  and  students  are  drawn  chiefly  from  Congregational 
sources. 

The  American  Metric  Bureau  occupies  a  part  of  the  second  story  of  32 
Hawley  Street,  in  the  "  book-district "  of  Boston.  It  is  an  important  educa- 
tional society,  and  is  composed  of  professors  in  colleges,  teachers  in  high 
schools,  superintendents  of  education,  and  many  persons  from  all  profes- 
sions, and  from  every  line  of  business.  It  is  introducing  the  International 
Decimal  System  of  Weights  and  Measures.  It  has  the  largest  collection 
extant  of  charts,  books,  apparatus,  weights,  and  measures,  illustrating  the 
metric  system,  and  forming  a  Metric  Museum  of  more  than  1,000  different 
articles,  that  are  freely  exhibited  and  explained  to  all  interested.  The  secre- 
tary and  three  assistants  have  charge  of  the  office,  and  give  copies  of  explan- 
atory pamphlets  to  all  applicants,  or  mail  them  without  charge.  The  Bureau 
is  incorporated,  the  same  as  the  Bible  Society,  as^a  missionary  society  for 
educational  purposes.  It  sent  out  the  first  year  over  a  half-million  pages, 
illustrating  the  system,  and  explaining  its  advantages.     Visitors  to  Boston 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  151 

are  often  taken  to  the  Bureau  as  one  of    the  curiosities  of  the  "  City  of 
Notions,"  as  nothing  of  the  kind  can  be  seen  elsewhere. 

The  American  Library  Association  is  in  the  same  office  with  the  Ameri- 
can Metric  Bureau,  and  is  composed  of  the  leading  librarians  of  the  country, 
and  aims  to  increase  the  number  of  readers,  improve  their  methods,  raise 
the  standard  of  reading,  and  reduce  its  cost.  The  work  is  done  through 
the  free  public  libraries.  The  visitor's  interest  in  the  office  lies  in  the  Bibli- 
othecal  Museum,  comprising  a  collection  of  catalogues,  reports,  and  other 
library  publications,  and  thousands  of  blanks,  devices,  and  appliances  of 
every  sort,  used  in  libraries  at  home  or  abroad.  These  are  arranged  both 
by  libraries  and  by  subjects.  Of  still  greater  interest  to  public  or  private 
librarians  are  the  working  models  recommended  by  the  Association.  These 
include  nearly  every  thing  tangible  that  pertains  to  the  successful  manage- 
ment of  a  library.  The  whole  collection  is  fully  and  freely  explained  to 
visitors.  The  Secretary  of  the  Library  Association  is  Melvil  Dui ;  and  the 
editor  of  "The  Library  Journal,"  the  official  publication  of  the  libraries 
both  of  this  country  and  of  Great  Britain,  is  Charles  A.  Cutter. 

The  Spelling  Reform  Association  ia  this  thurd  socjeti  having  hedkwer- 
tera  lifer.  This  ia  veri  lik  thfe  Metric  Biiro  in  its  membership  and  methoda. 
Its  ebject  and  meto  ia  '  rhfe  Simplificejun  ev  Iyjglish  ©rthegrafi.'  It  cezez 
matur  tu  bfe  printed  and  ritn  in  thfe  nii  speling,  distribiits  pamflets,  explena 
thfe  nil  method,  and  the  vital  impertans  ev  thfe  reform  tu  eni  pregres  in  popu- 
lar ediicejun.  Its  eficera  incliid  et  er  ten  ev  thfe  most  eminent  filelocjists,  six 
ev  them  bfeiug  ex-preaidents  ev  thfe  Filolecjical  Asojiajuna  ev  America  and  Irjg- 
land.  This  general  enc  ev  thfe  najunal  er  iuternajunal  asojiajun  ia  ev  interest 
in  bfeing  thfe  hedkwertera  fer  speling  referm  publicajuna,  tipa,  stajuneri,  and 
infermajun.  Aa  this  and  thfe  Metric  Societi  em  tu  remuv  thfe  gratest  obstacle 
tu  thfe  spred  ev  popular  ediicejun,  aud  thfe  Ljbreri  Asojiejun  tu  cari  forward 
that  ediicejun  bj  furnijmg  thfe  best  rfeding  frfeli  tu  thoa  hum  thfe  skula  hav  tot  tu 
rfed,  thfe  couibjud  ofices  ov  thfe  thrfe  societia  ar  much  viaited  bj  thoa  interested 
in  ediicajunal  matura.  The  ar  tugethur  becez  so  closli  alid  in  ther  objects; 
becez,  whjl  having  no  conecjun  whetever,  so  meni  membera  ev  wun  ar  mem- 
bera  ev  thfe  uthera;  and  bfecez  thfe  editor  ev  thfe  Ljbreri  Jurnal,  Melvil  Diii,  ia 
at  thfe  sem.  tjm  secretari  ev  fech  ov  thfe  Asojiejuua.  Hie  eficea  ar  open  from 
8.  A.  M.  tu  6  P.  M.,  exept  Sundaa  aud  lfegal  helidea,  thrueut  thfe  yfer. 

The  Society  to  Encourage  Studies  at  Home,  organized  in  1873,  has  met 
with  remarkable  success,  which  it  seems  to  fully  merit.  Its  purpose  is  to 
induce  young  ladies  to  devote  some  part  of  every  day  to  thorough  and  sys- 
tematic study.  To  carry  out  this  purpose,  courses  of  reading  and  plans  of 
work  are  arranged,  and  thorough  directions  and  advice  are  given  ;  and  finally 
an  annual  meeting  is  held,  where  the  students  can  meet  the  instructors. 
The  instruction  is  given  by  about  180  correspondents.  During  the  past 
year  there  were  988  students,  of  whom  381  selected  history;  367  English 


JC2  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

literature  ;  114  science  ;  107  art;  35  German;  and  34  French.  The  society  . 
also  owns  a  library,  from  which  books  are  sent  everywhere  to  its  members. 
The  cost  of  membership  is  $2.00  a  year,  merely  to  cover  the  incidental 
expenses.  The  secretary  is  Miss  Anna  E.  Ticknor,  daughter  of  the  late 
George  Ticknor ;  and  communications  are  to  be  sent  to  her  by  mail,  ad- 
dressed to  No.  9  Park  Street. 

The  Roxbury  Latin  School  is  the  popular  name  of  "  The  Grammar  School 
in  the  easterly  part  of  the  Town  of  Roxbury."  It  was  founded  in  1645,  and 
among  its  founders  were  the  Apostle  John  Eliot,  Gov.  Thomas  Dudley,  and 
many  others  whose  names  are  well  known  to  the  people  of  New  England. 
Although  the  school  is  free  to  residents  of  Boston,  it  is  controlled  by  a 
board  of  trustees,  and  is  not  a  part  of  the  public-school  system.  Its  sup- 
port is  chiefly  from  the  income  of  a  tax  voluntarily  imposed  upon  certain 
citizens  of  Roxbury.  It  has  also  received  several  bequests  from  individuals, 
and  some  aid  from  the  city  of  Roxbury.  It  was  incorporated  in  1789;  and 
since  then  it  has  been  a  close  corporation,  in  which  the  trustees  fill  any 
vacancies  that  occur  in  their  board.  Among  the  teachers  at  this  school 
before  the  Revolution,  were  Judge  William  Cushing,  Gen.  Joseph  Warren, 
the  Rev.  Bishop  Samuel  Parker,  and  Gov.  Increase  Sumner;  and  since 
then  the  lists  of  both  teachers  and  pupils  have  had  the  names  of  scores  of 
men  whom  the  whole  country  has  honored.  The  school  has  now  two  six- 
years'  courses ;  one  of  which  is  an  English  course,  and  the  other  a  course 
preparatory  for  college,  and  especially  for  Harvard,  where  the  examinations 
are  the  most  comprehensive  of  any  American  college.  The  Roxbury  Latin 
School  stands  equal  in  rank,  and  second  in  age,  to  any  school  of  its  class 
in  this  country.  Its  building  is  a  large,  plain  wooden  structure  on  Kear- 
sarge  Avenue,  and  comfortably  accommodates  its  present  number  of  pupils, 
about  130.  The  head  master,  William  C.  Collar,  is  highly  esteemed  as  one 
of  the  ablest  teachers  the  school  has  ever  had. 

The  Perkins  Institution  and  Massachusetts  School  for  the  Blind  is  situ- 
ated on  Broadway,  Mount  Washington,  South  Boston,  in  a  large  building 
formerly  a  hotel,  which,  as  the  ground  is  quite  high,  is  a  prominent  object 
from  the  harbor  and  from  the  country  for  miles  around.  The  institution 
was  iounded.in  1829,  and  was  organized  in  1832  by  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Howe, 
beginning  with  six  blind  children  in  his  father's  house.  It  is  named  in  honor 
of  Col.  Thomas  H.  Perkins,  one  of  its  most  generous  friends,  who  gave  his 
mansion-house  on  Pearl  Street  for  its  use.  It  is  notable  as  being  the  first 
institution  in  the  world  where  a  systematic  education  of  the  blind  was  at- 
tempted ;  and  its  success  was  so  great  that  it  has  been  a  model  for  other  in- 
stitutions of  the  kind,  both  in  America  and  Europe.  The  family  system  is 
followed  ;  and  the  women  and  girls  occupy  dwelling-houses  by  themselves, 
the  sexes  being  separated.     The  average  number  of  inmates  is  about  160. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


T53 


Music  has  been  taught  here  with  such  success  that  the  tuning,  and  keeping 
in  repair,  of  all  the  pianos  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston  are  now  intrusted 
to  the  pupils  of  the  Institution,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  school-committee, 
the  music-teachers,  and  the  public.  The  first  books  for  the  blind  produced 
in  this  country  were  printed  at  the  Perkins  Institution,  and  during  the  past 
few  years  several  standard  works  have  been  electrotyped.  This  department 
is  carried  on  with  much  vigor.  The  institution  is  partly  self-supporting  from 
the  income  of  invested  funds.  It  receives  compensation  from  several  States 
for  the  education  and  training  of  beneficiaries,  and  from  Massachusetts  a 


The  Perkins  Institution  and  Massachusetts  School  for  the  Blind,  Broadway,  South  Boston. 

grant  of  $30,000  annually.  Dr.  Howe  continued  in  charge  until  his  death 
in  1876.  Samuel  Eliot  is  president,  and  M.  Anagnos  secretary  and  director. 
Visitors  are  admitted  on  Thursdays  at  11  a.m. 

The  Episcopal  Theological  School,  on  Brattle  Street,  Cambridge,  was 
incorporated  in  1867,  for  the  preparation  of  young  men  for  the  ministry. 
Its  founder,  Benjamin  T.  Reed  of  Boston,  desired  that  the  advantages  of 
Cambridge  be  available  for  those  seeking  that  sacred  calling  in  the  Episco- 
pal Church ;  and  it  has  been  the  aim  of  the  authorities  of  this  seminary  to 
maintain  the  standard  of  scholarship  at  the  highest  point.  For  admission, 
it  is  required  that  the  applicant  be  a  Bachelor  of  Arts,  or  submit  to  an  ex- 
amination implying  equal  proficiency.  Its  group  of  buildings  is  of  singu- 
lar beauty  and  uniformity,  and  is  most  pleasingly  situated.  It  comprises  St. 
John's  Memorial  Chapel,  erected  by  the  late  R.  M.  Mason;  Lawrence  Hall, 
the  dormitory,  erected  by  Amos  A.  Lawrence  ;  Reed  Hall,  the  library,  erected 
by  the  founder;  Burnham  Hall,  the  refectory,  erected  by  John  A.  Burnham; 


154  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON 

and  the  Deanery.     The  dean  of  the  institution  is  the  Rev.  George  Zabriskie 
Gray,  D.D. 

Private  Classical  Schools  for  preparing  boys  for  colleges,  especially  for 
Harvard  College,  include  the  schools  of  George  W.  C.  Noble,  40  Winter 
Street;  John  P.  Hopkinson,  20  Boylston  Place;  E.  R.  Humphreys,  129 
West-Chester  Park;  Henry  Dame,  18  Boylston  Street;  Charles  W.  Stone, 
36  Temple  Place:  and  Herbert  B.  Cushing,  170  Newbury  Street. 

Commercial  Colleges  for  fitting  young  men  and  women  for  business- 
life  include  Bryant  &  Stratton's,  608  Washington  Street;  Burdett's,  167 
Tremont  Street;  Comer's,  666  Washington  Street;  French's,  459  Wash- 
ington Street;  Reckers  &  Bradford's,  18  Boylston  Street;  George  A. 
Sawyer's,  161  Tre-mont  Street;  and  the  Boston  Commercial  College  of  Wil- 
liam H.  Moriarty,  442  Washington  Street. 

The  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame  have  a  novitiate  boarding  and  day  school  on 
Washington  Street,  Boston  Highlands.  The  school  was  established  in  1854, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Fitzpatrick.  The  grounds 
include  six  acres,  and  afford  delightful  facilities  for  healthful  exercise.  The 
building  is  a  large  four-story  structure,  of  brick  with  granite  trimmings. 
Since  the  establishment  of  the  novitiate,  a  part  of  the  building  has  been 
reserved  for  its  needs,  and  the  number  of  pupils  has  been  limited  to  100. 
The  school  is  self-supporting  ;  the  tuition,  including  board,  is  $200  a  year. 

Other  Catholic  Schools  and  Convents  include  the  Notre  Dame  Academy 
and  Convent,  Berkeley  Street,  near  Boylston  Street;  St.  Joseph's  Convent, 
Broadway,  between  Dorchester  and  A  Streets,  South  Boston ;  St.  Aloysius 
Convent  at  East  Boston  ;  St.  Joseph's  Convent  at  Jamaica  Plain;  Academy 
conducted  by  Ladies  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  on  Chester  Park;  and  nine  paro- 
chial and  free  schools  scattered  throughout  the  districts  of  Boston.  Some 
of  these  schools  are  very  large,  such  as  St.  Mary's  on  Cooper  Street,  at 
which  there  are  700  boys ;  St.  Mary's  on  Lancaster  Street,  625  girls  ;  SS. 
Peter  and  Paul  on  Broadway,  between  Dorchester  and  A  Streets,  South 
Boston,  900  girls;  and  the  Most  Holy  Redeemer,  East  Boston,  1,165  girls. 

The  Roman-Catholic  Church  is  erecting  a  very  large  and  handsome 
building  in  the  Brighton  district,  for  the  education  of  candidates  for  the 
priesthood.  This  seminary  is  for  the  supply  of  clergy  for  the  province,  and 
will  be  conducted  by  Sulpicians. 

The  Evening  High-School,  on  Montgomery  Street,  is  a  comparatively 
recent  foundation,  and  affords  instruction  to  many  persons  whose  duties 
prevent  their  studying  in  the  daytime.  It  has  courses  in  all  the  English 
branches,  and  also  in  French  and  German ;  and  its  achievements  are 
limited  only  by  the  capacity  of  its  quarters. 

The  Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy,  instituted  in.  1823  and  incor- 
porated in  1852,  began  its  classes  in  1867,  and  since  1877  has  occupied  the 
old  Franklin-school  building,  on  Washington  Street,  near  Dover  Street 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  155 

The  Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf,  formerly  on  Pemberton  Square, 
is  now  on  Warrenton  Street.  It  was  founded  in  1869,  and  was,  until  1877, 
called  the  "Boston  Day-School  for  Deaf-Mutes."  There  are  about  70 
pupils,  boys  and  girls.  The  plan  of  separating  the  pupils  who  were  born 
deaf,  and  those  made  deaf  by  disease,  is  carried  out  as  far  as  practicable. 
Professor  A.  Melville  Bell's  system  of  visible  speech  is  employed  through- 
out the  school  as  an  a:d  in  teaching  articulation.  The  school  is  free  for 
both  sexes,  residents  of  the  city,  and  a  moderate  fee  for  others ;  and  it  is 
supported  mainly  by  taxation. 

The  Boston  Asylum  and  Farm-School  for  Indigent  Boys  was  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Boston  Asylum  for  Indigent  Boys,  which  originated  in 
1813,  and  the  Proprietors  of  the  Boston  Farm-School,  established  in  1832. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1835.  Its  object  is  to  provide  a  home  and  training 
for  homeless  boys,  and  those  who  have  lost  one  or  both  parents.  Boys 
received  into  the  institution  as  boarders  can  be  taken  away  at  any  time,  but 
others  are  held  until  the  directors  apprentice  them.  The  average  number 
in  the  school  is  100.     It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Thompson's  Island. 

The  Massachusetts  School  for  Idiotic  and  Feeble-Minded  Youth,  the 
oldest  establishment  of  its  kind  in  America,  was  opened  in  1848  with  three 
private  pupils  and  ten  State  charges ;  and  it  now  cares  for  about  128  a  year, 
75  of  whom  are  beneficiaries  of  the  State.  The  average  number  of  inmates 
is  about  120.  The  late  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Howe  was  its  founder  and  organizer, 
and  remained  at  its  head  as  superintendent  until  his  death  in  January,  1876. 
The  pupils  are  instructed  by  teachers  possessing  special  qualifications;  and 
a  workshop  is  provided,  in  which  those  who  can  learn  are  taught  trades. 
The  schoolhouse  is  in  South  Boston. 

The  Boston  City  Hospital  Training-School  for  Nurses  was  established 
in  1878  to  give  a  two-years'  course  of  training  to  women  desirous  of  becom- 
ing professional  nurses.  The  superintendent  of  nurses  at  the  City  Hospital, 
Miss  Almira  C.  Davis,  has  charge  of  the  Training-School,  under  authority 
of  the  superintendent  of  the  hospital,  Dr.  George  H.  M.  Rowe. 

The  Educational  Periodicals  of  Boston  are  "  Education,"  a  bi-monthly- 
magazine,  112  pp.;  "The  Journal  of  Education,''  New  England  and  Na- 
tional, weekly;  "The  Primary  Teacher,"  monthly;  and  "The  Public 
School,"  monthly.  These  periodicals  were  established  by  Thomas  W. 
Bicknell,  LL.D.,  formerly  commissioner  of  public  schools  in  Rhode  Island; 
and  he  continues  to  edit  "  The  Journal  of  Education,"  "  Education,"  and 
"The  Public  School,"  and  is  the  publisher  of  all.  W.  E.  Sheldon  edits 
"The  Primary  Teacher."  These  publications  received  the  first  premiums 
at  Paris  as  the  leading  educational  journals  of  the  world,  and  have  a  very 
powerful  influence  in  the  cause  of  good  schools  and  wise  teaching. 


156  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

For  many  years  Boston  has  stood  at  the  head  of  American  cities  as  a 
centre  of  educational  energies,  and  the  typical  seat  of  the  New- World  ideas 
on  public  culture.  The  innumerable  facilities  offered  by  the  vast  public 
and  semi-public  libraries  and  collections  are  freely  open  to  students  prop- 
erly accredited,  who  thus  gain  access  to  copious  sources  of  original  infor- 
mation. The  free  lectures  provided  by  the  Lowell  Institute,  and  delivered 
in  successive  courses  throughout  the  year,  by  the  most  eminent  scholars  of 
Europe  and  America,  give  the  advantages  and  opportunities  of  a  university 
course.  Several  of  the  chief  scientific  societies  have  their  headquarters 
here,  and  the  fruits  of  their  researches  are  set  forth  at  frequent  meetings. 
There  are  also  a  great  number  of  special  institutions  of  high  repute  in  and 
about  the  city  ;  several  medical  schools,  two  or  three  law  schools,  theologi- 
cal seminaries  of  half  a  dozen  denominations,  Dr.  Tourje'e's  musical  uni- 
versity, and  other  well-known  schools  of  music,  and  many  other  educational 
corporations. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


x57 


Ejje  Soul  of  tfje  (Eitg, 


THE    RELIGIOUS   ORGANIZATIONS, —  THEIR   PLACES   OF   WORSHIP, 

AND   THEIR    PASTORS. 


HHHE  first  meeting-house  in  Boston  was  a  small,  homely  building,  with 


■*-    mud  walls  and   thatched  roof 


First  Meeting-house  in   Boston. 

rebuilt  in  1 713,  and  in  1S08  torn 
down. 

The  "  First  Church  in  Bos- 
ton" (Congregational  Unitarian), 
of  which  Rufus  Ellis,  D.D.,  is 
pastor,  built  another  meeting- 
house in  Chauncy  Place  in  1808, 
which  in  186S  gave  place  to  the 
present  fine  church  building  at 
the  corner  of  Berkeley  and  Marl- 
borough Streets.  This  church 
cost  about  $325,000,  and  is  a 
beautiful  structure.  It  accom- 
modates about  1,000  persons, 
has  a  very  fine  organ,  windows 
of  stained  glass,  an  exterior 
carriage-porch  of  unique  design, 
and  is  elegantly  finished.  The 
music  is  equal  to  that  of  any 
other  church  in  Boston 


The  accompanying  illustration  from 
"  Harper's  Weekly  "  is  said  to  give  a 
fair  idea  of  its  outward  appearance. 
It  stood  near  the  head  of  State  Street. 
It  was  erected  in  1632:  John  Wilson 
and  John  Cotton  were  its  pastors.  In 
1640  this  house  of  worship  was  sue- 
by  a  more  pre  ten - 
structure  on  Wash- 
Street,  where  Rogers 
ing  now  stands.  This 
was  burned  in 


The  "  First  Church  in   Boston,"   Berkeley  Street. 

The  architects  were  Ware  &  Van  Brunt  of  Boston. 


i58 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


The  second  church  in  the  city  was  built  in  1649,  in  North  Square.  The 
first  Roman  Catholic  in  1789;  the  first  Methodist  (church  on  Hanover  Ave- 
nue) in  1796;  the  first  Universalist  (church  corner  of  Hanover  and  Bennett 
Streets)  in  1785. 

The  early  church  history  of  Boston  is  full  of  interest,  but  the  details 
are  too  voluminous  to  be  given  here. 

The  Old  South,  corner  of  Washington  and  Milk  Streets,  is  the  most 
famous  meeting-house  in  Boston,  by  reason  of  its  historical  associations. 
The  Old  South  Society  was  organized  in  1669;  and  the  meeting-house  was 
built  soon  afterwards  on  a  piece  of  land  given  by  Mrs.  Norton,  widow  of  the 
Rev.  John  Norton.  In  1729  the  original  meeting-house,  which  was  of  wood, 
was  taken  down,  and  the  present  brick  structure  was  built  on  the  same  spot. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  famous 
"  landmarks  "  of  old  Boston,  and 
one  of  the  few  historic  buildings 
that  have  been  allowed  to  remain 
standing  in  this  iconoclastic  age 
and  country.  The  associations 
that  cluster  around  the  Old 
South  are  certainly  of  a  nature 
that  should  make  the  building 
precious  in  the  eyes  of  patriotic 
citizens.  Benjamin  Franklin  was 
baptized  and  attended  worship 
here  ;  Whitefield  preached  here  ; 
the  revolutionary  agitators  made 
use  of  the  edifice  to  stir  up  the 
citizens  against  the  tyranny  of 
their  king;  Warren  here  delivered 
his  famous  speech  on  the  anni- 
versary of  the  Boston  Massacre; 
the  "tea-party"  organized  within 
these  walls  ;  and  here  the  annual 
election  sermons  were  for  many 
years  delivered.  In  1775  the 
church  was  used  as  a  riding- 
school  by  the  British  troops. 
The  great  fire  of  1872  stopped  just  before  reaching  the  Old  South,  burning 
all  around  it  on  two  sides.  The  society  abandoned  this  place  of  worship 
(which  was  used  as  the  post-office  for  a  while  after  the  fire),  and  erected  a 
new  building  on  the  Back  Bay.  Since  then  its  preservation  has  been 
vigorously  striven  for  by  a  small  part  of  the  community,  but  its  fate  seems 


The  Old  South,   Washington  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


*59 


THE   OLD   SOUTH    CHURCH,    BOYLSTON    STREET. 


t6o  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

yet  problematical.  The  land  on  which  the  church  stands  is  valuable  for 
business  purposes,  owing  to  its  central  location.  The  Old  South  Preserva- 
tion Committee  has  done  its  best  towards  saving  the  building,  and  various 
entertainments,  fairs,  lectures,  and  grand  balls  have  been  given  to  this  end; 
but  the  sum  ($400,000)  required  to  purchase  the  church  has  not  at  this  writing 
been  raised.  The  ministers  of  this  society  from  its  formation  are  :  Thomas 
Thatcher,  Samuel  Willard,  Ebenezer  Pemberton,  Joseph  Sewall,  D.D., 
Thomas  Prince,  Alexander  Cumming,  Samuel  Blair,  John  Bacon,  John 
Hunt,  Joseph  Eckley,  Joshua  Huntington,  Benjamin  B.  Wisner,  D.D., 
Samuel  H.  Stearns,  G.  W.  Blagden,  D.D.,  and  J.  M.  Manning,  D.D.,  who 
died  in  1882.  The  Old  South  is  a  plain  brick  building,  painted  light,  with 
a  tall  spire.  The  belfry  is  surrounded  by  an  exterior  gallery.  The  house 
is  88  by  61  feet  in  dimensions,  and  has  a  sounding-board  and  two  tiers  of 
galleries.  A  tablet  above  the  Washington-street  entrance  gives  the  dates 
of  the  formation  of  the  society  and  the  building  of  the  two  church  edi- 
fices. -  The  building  is  now  an  historical  museum,  made  interesting  to  the 
masses  of  the  people  by  the  exhibition  of  new  inventions  and  rare  old 
colonial  antiquities.  The  entrance-fees  go  towards  raising  the  preservation 
fund. 

The  Old  South  Church,  successor  to  the  historic  "  Old  South  "  (on  the 
corner  of  Washington  and  Milk  Streets),  is  at  the  corner  of  Dartmouth  and 
Boylston  Streets.  It  is  a  large  and  costly  structure,  including,  besides  the 
church,  a  chapel  and  parsonage.  The  seating  capacity  is  between  800  and 
900,  and  the  building  covers  an  area  of  200  by  90  feet.  It  is  of  Roxbury 
stone,  with  freestone  trimmings ;  and  the  interior  finish  is  of  cherry.  The 
massive  tower,  which  forms  the  most  noticeable  feature  of  the  structure,  is 
235  feet  high.  Over  the  centre  of  the  main  church  edifice  rises  a  large 
lantern  of  copper,  with  12  windows.  An  arched  screen  of  Caen  stone,  with 
shafts  of  Lisbon  marble,  separates  the  church  from  the  main  vestibule.  A 
carved  screen  of  wood  encloses  the  pulpit,  and  three  panels  of  Venetian 
mosaic  fill  the  heads  of  the  arches  leading  from  the  doorways.  The 
stained-glass  windows  were  brought  from  England,  and  are  decorated  with 
biblical  scenes.  This  edifice,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $500,000,  is  gener- 
ally considered  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  church  architecture  on  the 
continent.  The  interior  decorations  are  elaborate;  the  pronounced  tints  of 
the  walls,  the  large  chandeliers,  and  the  rich  carvings  producing  a  striking 
and  beautiful  effect. 

King's  Chapel,  corner  of  Tremont  and  School  Streets,  was  the  first 
Episcopal  church  in  New  England,  and  is  now  a  Unitarian  church.  The 
society  was  organized  in  1686,  and  a  little  wooden  church  was  erected  in 
1689.  Robert  Ratcliffe  was  the  first  rector.  The  church  was  enlarged  in 
1710;  but  in  1754  it  was  taken  down,  and  replaced  by  the  present  substan- 


KING'S    BAND  BOO  A'    OF   BOSTON. 


161 


tial  stone  building.  The  liturgy  was  altered  in  1785,  and  has  been  used  as 
amended  ever  since.  In  1787  James  Freeman  became  the  pastor  ;  and  the 
connection  of  the  society  with  the  Episcopal  church  ceasing,  it  became  a 
Unitarian  church.  The  present  pastor  is  Henry  W.  Foote.  King's  Chapel 
is  a  very  quaint 
and  interesting 
place.  The  in- 
terior, with  its 
high,  old-fash- 
ioned pews,  its 
tall  pulpit  and 
sounding-board, 
its  massive  pil- 
lars,and  stained- 
glass  window, 
is  remarkably 
attractive.  In 
1878  the  city 
discussed  the 
plan  of  remov- 
ing King's 
Chapel  with  its 
adjoining  buri- 
al ground,  and 
erecting  a  court- 
house in  their 
place. 

Christ  Church,  Salem  Street,  which  was  built  by  the  Episcopalians  h 
1723,  is  the  oldest  church  edifice  now  standing  in  Boston.  The  building 
which  is  of  brick,  is  70  by  50  feet  in  dimensions,  and  the  steeple  is  175 
feet  high.  It  is  the  most  prominent  landmark  of  the  North  End,  and  was 
formerly  known  as  the  "  North  Church."  The  steeple  accurately  repre- 
sents one  that  was  blown  down  in  1804.  The  tower  contains  a  fine  chime 
of  eight  bells,  which  bear  the  following  inscriptions  :  — 

First  bell :  "  This  peal  of  8  Bells  is  the  gift  of  a  number  of  generous 
persons  to  Christ  Church,  in  Boston,  N.E.,  anno  1744,  A.R."  Second: 
"This  church  was  founded  in  the  year  1723;  Timothy  Cutler,  D.D.,  the 
first  rector,  A.R.,  1744."  Third:  "We  are  the  first  ring  of  Bells  cast  for 
the  British  Empire  in  North  America,  A.R.,  1744."  Fourth:  "God  pre- 
serve the  Church  of  England,  1744."  Fifth:  "William  Shirley,  Esq.,  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England,  anno  1744."  Sixth: 
"  The   subscription  for  these   Bells  was  begun  by  John   Hammock  and 


King's  Chapel,  Tremont  Street. 


162 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


Robert   Temple,  church  wardens,  anno   1743;   completed  by  Robert  Jen- 
kins and  John  Gould,  church  wardens,  anno  1744-"     Seventh  :  "  Since  Gen- 


erosity has  opened  our  mouths,  our  tongues  shall  ring  aloud  its 

Eighth : 


praise. 
"Abel 


Christ  Church,  Salem  Street. 


1744. 

Rudhall,  of  Gloucester, 
cast  us  all,  anno  1744." 
This  chime,  brought  from 
England,  is  the  oldest 
in  America.  The  Bible, 
prayer-books,  and  silver 
now  in  use,  were  given,  in 
1733,  by  King  George  II. 
The  figures  of  cherubim 
in  front  of  the  organ, 
and  the  chandeliers,  were 
taken  from  a  French 
vessel  by  the  privateer 
"  Queen  of  Hungary,"  and 
presented  to  this  church 
in  1746.  The  Sunday 
school  was  established  in 
1815,  when  no  other  was 
known  to  exist  in  Ameri- 
ca. Christ  Church  has 
at  the  present  time  about 
175  communicants. 

The    interior    of    the 
The  present  rector  is  William 


church  still  retains  an  antique  appearance 
H.  Munroe. 

A  tablet  was  placed  on  the  front  of  Christ  Church  in  1878,  bearing  the 
following  inscription  :  — 


THE     SIGNAL     LANTERNS     OF 

PAUL    REVERE 

DISPLAYED    IN   THE   STEEPLE  OF   THIS   CHURCH 

APRIL  18  1775 

WARNED  THE  COUNTRY  OF  THE  MARCH 

OF  THE  BRITISH  TROOPS  TO 

LEXINGTON    AND   CONCORD. 


Trinity  Church,  at  the  intersection  of  Huntington  Avenue,  Boylston  and 
Clarendon  Streets,  is  the  finest  church  edifice  in  New  England,  if  not  in  the 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


163 


164  KING'S  HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 

United  States.  The  history  of  Trinity  parish  dates  as  far  back  as  1728. 
Its  first  church,  built  in  1735,  was  a  plain  wooden  building  with  gambrel 
roof,  at  the  corner  of  Summer  and  tLawley  Streets ;  and  its  first  rector  was 
Addington  Davenport.  In  this  wooden  building  the  parish  worshipped 
until  1828,  when  the  corner-stone  of  a  new  house  was  laid  in  the  same  loca- 
tion ;  and  the  solid  Gothic  structure  thefherected  was  used  by  the  parish  till 
it  was  burned  in  the  great  fire  of  1872^  In  the  winter  before  this  disaster, 
the  subject  of  a  new  church  edifice  had  been  left  to  the  direction  of  a  build- 
ing committee ;  and  eventually  the  designs  of  Gambrill  and  Richardson, 
architects,  of  New  York,  wer^accepted.  The  new  church  was  completed 
early  in  1877.  In  sinking  thV foundations  an  immense  amount  of  labor  was 
performed  ;  and,  on  account  of  the"  nature  of  the  Back-bay  land,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  somewhat  moCify*the  original  design.  The  church  was  conse- 
crated on  Feb.  9,  1877;  the  bishop  of  the  diocese  conducting  the  services. 
Four  prelates  of  the  church,  many  clergymen,  the  governor,  the  mayor,  and 
a  large  number  of  notables,  were  present.  Trinity  Church  is  in  the  pure 
French  Romanesque  style,  in  the  shape  of  a  Latin  cross,  with  a  semi-circu- 
lar apse  added  to  the  eastern  arm.  The  clerestory  is  carried  by  an  arcade 
of  two  arches  only.  Above  the  aisles  a  gallery  is  carried  across  the  arches, 
which  is  called  the  "triforium"  gallery,  and  serves  to  connect  the  three 
main  galleries,  one  across  either  transept  and  one  across  the  west  end  of 
the  nave.  The  whole  interior  of  the  church  and  chapel  is  finished  in  black 
walnut,  and  the  vestibules  in  ash  and  oak.  A  great  central  tower,  211  feet 
high,  surmounts  the  building,  rising  from  four  piers  at  the  crossing  of  the 
nave  and  transept.  The  tower  is  very  conspicuous,  owing  to  its  massive 
form,  and  is  the  main  feature  of  the  edifice ;  the  nave,  transepts,  and  apse 
being  subordinate  to  it.  A  handsome  and  unique  chapel  is  connected  with 
the  main  structure  by  an  open  cloister,  the  effect  of  which  is  exceedingly 
pleasing.  The  extreme  width  of  the  church  across  the  transepts  is  121  feet, 
and  the  extreme  length  is  160  feet.  The  chancel  is  57  feet  deep  by  52  feet 
wide.  The  tower  is  46  feet  square  inside.  The  material  employed  in  the 
body  of  the  church  is  Dedham  granite,  ornamented  with  brown  freestone 
trimmings.  The  exterior  of  the  apse  is  decorated  with  mosaic  work  of  pol- 
ished granite.  In  the  interior  work  special  attention  has  been  paid  to  the 
decorations,  which  form  an  enduring  monument  to  the  artistic  taste  of  John 
La  Farge  of  New  York.  No  such  decorations  can  be  found  in  any  other 
church  in  this  country.  The  stained-glass  memorial  windows  were,  made  in 
Europe.  The  church  resembles  many  of  those  cathedrals  in  the  south  of 
France,  which  all  the  world  has  recognized  as  models  in  a  noble  school  of 
ecclesiastical  art.  The  cost  of  the  building  was  $750,000.  The  parish  has 
no  debt,  and  is  exceedingly  wealthy.  Some  of  the  greatest  preachers  in  the 
Episcopal  denomination  have  graced  the  pulpits  of  the  old  Trinity  churches. 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


165 


Among  these  have  been  George  Washington  Doane,  afterwards  bishop  of 
New  Jersey;  John  Henry  Hopkins,  once  bishop  of  Vermont;  Thomas 
March  Clark,  afterwards  bishop  of  Rhode  Island;  Manton  Eastburn,  the 
last  bishop  of  this  diocese ;  and  Jonathan  M.  Wainwright,  once  bishop  of 
New  York.  The  rector  of  the  present  church  is  the  most  famous  preacher 
in  the  denomination,  Phillips  Brooks,  D.D.,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege. He  is  much  beloved  by  his  parishioners,  and  esteemed  and  admired 
by  every  one  for  his   elo- 

k 


quence  and  earnestness. 
Fred.  Baylies  Allen  is  as- 
sistant rector. 

The  Arlington-street 
Church  (Unitarian),  corner 
of  Arlington  and  Boylston 
Streets,  has  an  eventful 
history.  The  society  was 
formed  in  1727  as  a  Pres- 
byterian church.  A  barn 
on  Long  Lane  (now  Federal 
Street)  was  the  first  place 
of  worship.  In  1744  a 
church  building  replaced 
the  barn  on  the  same  spot. 
In  this  building  the  United 
States  Constitution  was 
adopted  in  1788  by  the 
State  convention  :  hence 
the'  name  of  Federal  Street. 
A  new  brick  church  was 
built  in  1809,  on  the  same 
site;  but  in  1859  this  was 
taken  down,  and  the  present 
handsome  building  on  Ar- 
lington Street  was  subse- 
quently erected.  In  1786 
the  Presbyterian  had  been 
exchanged  for  the  Congre- 
gational form  of  govern- 
ment. W.  E.  Channing, 
D.D.,  was  pastor  of  this 
church  from  1803  till  1842,  and  here  made  his  reputation  as  an  accomplished 
scholar,  writer,  and  preacher,  during  this  period.     His  successor  was  Ezra 


The  Arlington-street  Church,  corner  of  Boylston  Street. 


i66 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


S.  Gannett,  D.D.,  who  was  killed  in  the  terrible  railroad  accident  at  Revere 
in  1871.  Dr.  Gannett  was  succeeded  by  the  late  J.  F.  W.  Ware.  The  church 
is  of  freestone,  and  is  very  handsome,  with  a  shapely  spire  and  a  chime  of 
bells.  On  the  Boylston-street  side,  the  building  is  almost  entirely  covered 
with  vines.     Brooke  Herford  of  Chicago  was  elected  pastor  in  1882. 

St.  Paul's  Church  was  built  in  1820,  and  consecrated  by  the  Episcopal 

bishops  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  Con- 
necticut. It  stands 
on  Tremont  Street, 
between  Winter 
Street  and  Temple 
Place,  facing  the 
Common.  It  is  in 
the  Grecian  style  of 
architecture,  of  the 
Ionic  order.  The 
walls  are  of  gray 
granite,  and  the 
portico  and  col- 
umns are  of  Poto- 
mac sandstone. 
The  interior  is 
handsome.  The 
ceiling  is  a  cylin- 
drical vault,  with 
panels  which  span 
the  whole  width  of 


St.  Paul's  Church,  Tremont  Street. 


the  church.  Its  rectors  have  been  Samuel  F.  Jarvis,  D.D.,  Alonzo  Potter, 
LL.D.,  afterwards  bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  John  S.  Stone,  D.D.,  Alexander 
H.  Vinton,  D.D.,  William  R.  Nicholson,  D.D.,  Treadwell  Walden,  and 
W.  W.  Newton.     Frederick  Courtney,  D.D.,  is  the  present  rector. 

The  Hollis-street  Church  was  originally  built  in  1732.  It  was  a  little 
wooden  building ;  and  the  first  minister  was  Mather  Byles,  a  Tory,  a  wit, 
and  a  scholar.  The  church  and  the  street  were  named  after  Thomas 
Hollis  of  London,  one  of  the  greatest  benefactors  of  Harvard  University. 
The  meeting-house  was  burned  in  1787,  and  another  built.  In  1810  the 
latter  was  removed  to  give  place  to  the  present  structure.  The  steeple  is 
nearly  200  feet  high.  Dr.  Samuel  West,  John  Pierpont,  and  Thomas  Starr 
King  were  pastors  of  this  church.  The  tablets  in  the  church  bearing  the 
Ten  Commandments  were  the  gift  of  Benjamin  Bussey,  another  of  Har- 
vard's greatest  benefactors.     The  old  church  was  used  as  a  barrack 'by  the 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


167 


British  soldiers  during  the  siege  of  Boston.  The  present  pastor  is  Henry 
Bernard  Carpenter. 

The  Central  Church  (Congregational  Trinitarian),  corner  of  Berkeley 
and  Newbury  Streets,  is  a  handsome  building  of  Roxbury  stone  with  sand- 
stone trimmings.  It  cost  over  $325,000,  and  was  dedicated  in  1867.  It  is 
free  of  debt.  The  spire,  236  feet  high,  is  the  tallest  in  the  city ;  and  the 
interior  of  the  church  is  exceedingly  handsome.  The  society  first  wor- 
shipped in  the  old  Federal-street  Theatre,  and  later  in  a  plain  church-building 
on  Winter  Street.  W.  M.  Rogers  was  the  first  pastor.  The  present  pastor 
is  Joseph  T.  Duryea,  D.D.,  a  leading  clergyman  of  the  denomination. 

The  Park-street  Church,    corner   of    Park   and    Tremont    Streets,  was 


It  is  of  brick,  with  a  fine  spire; 


erected  in  1810,  and  cost  about  $50,000. 
and  the  interior 
is  commodious 
though  plain.  The 
society  was  organ- 
ized in  1809.  Nine 
of  the  members  of 
the  Old  South, 
which  was  then  the 
only  evangelical 
Congregational 
church  in  Boston, 
came  out  from  the 
parent  church  un- 
der the  promptings 
of  a  revival  move- 
ment. Park-street 
Church  was  begot- 
ten in  a  revival, 
and  has  enjoyed 
many  in  her  his- 
tory. E.  D.  Griffin, 
S.  E.  Dwight,  Ed- 
ward Beecher,  J.  H.  Linsley,  Silas  Aiken,  A.  L.  Stone,  and  W.  H.  H. 
Murray  were  pastors  of  this  church.  The  present  pastor  is  J.  L.  Withrow, 
D.D.  Several  churches  have  grown  out  of  the  Park-street  Church.  Many 
of  the  missionary  societies  of  the  Orthodox  denomination  have  been  started 
within  its  walls.  The  church  has  always  been  deeply  enlisted  in  the  work 
of  foreign  missions,  giving  $4,000  and  upwards  each  year  to  that  cause. 
Until  July,  1878,  the  church  had  always  been  in  debt;  but  all  incumbrances 
were  then  removed,  and  the  church  repaired  and  painted. 


Park-street  Church,  Tremont  Street. 


^8  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

The  First  Parish  Church  (Unitarian),  Meeting-House  Hill,  Dorchester 
district,  is  the  oldest  religious  society  in  Boston.  It  was  organized  in 
Plymouth,  England,  March  20,  1630,  the  eve  before  the  embarkation  of  the 
first  settlers  of  Dorchester  in  the  "  Mary  and  John."  John  Maverick  and 
John  Warham  were  the  first  ministers.  The  first  religious  service  held  was 
in  the  open  air  in  Dorchester,  the  Sunday  after  their  settlement,  in  June, 
1630.  The  first  meeting-house  was  built  in  1631,  at  the  corner  of  Pleas- 
ant and  Cottage  Streets.  It  was  a  log  house,  protected  with  palisades 
against  the  Indians.  In  1645  a  more  expensive  structure  was  erected  on 
the  same  spot.  In  1670  it  was  moved  to  Meeting-House  Hill,  which  derived 
its  name  from  the  church  which  for  over  200  years  has  remained  on  this 
site.  In  1677  it  was  succeeded  by  another  which  cost  ,£200.  In  1743  a 
new  house  was  built,  which  stood  until  the  erection,  in  1 816,  of  the  present 
structure.  This  church  has  had,  including  Maverick  and  Warham,  who 
were  associated  together,  and  excluding  two  coadjutors  who  for  a  short 
time  assisted  Richard  Mather,  only  eight  successive  ministers  in  a  period 
of  nearly  250  years.  The  list  is  as  follows  :  Richard  Mather,  33  years,  with 
Jonathan  Burr  and  John  Wilson,  jun.,  associates,  both  of  whom  he  survived 
as  pastor ;  Josiah  Flint,  9  years ;  John  Danforth,  48  years ;  Jonathan  Bow- 
man, 44  years;  Moses  Everett,  19  years;  Thaddeus  Mason  Harris,  43 
years ;  and  Nathaniel  Hall,  40  years.  Samuel  J.  Barrows  was  ordained  in 
1876,  and  in  1880  retired  to  become  editor  of  "  The  Christian  Register,"  the 
organ  of  the  Unitarian  denomination.     C.  R.  Eliot  is  the  present  pastor. 

The  Union  Temple  Church,  worshipping  in  Tremont  Temple,  is  one 
of  the  largest  Baptist  societies  in  America.  This  society  was  organized  in 
1863  by  the  consolidation  of  the  Tremont-street  Church  with  the  Union 
Church,  to  carry  forward  the  work  begun  in  1839,  to  establish  a  free  church 
in  Boston,  where  all  persons,  "whether  rich  or  poor,  without  distinction  of 
color  or  condition,  might  worship."  The  movement  was  successful  from 
the  beginning.  The  first  pastor  of  the  consolidated  church  was  Justin  D. 
Fulton,  D.D.  George  C.  Lorimer,  D.D.,  now  of  Chicago,  succeeded  Dr. 
Fulton.  The  present  pastor  is  F.  M.  Ellis,  D.D.  The  Union  Temple 
Church  is  a  free  church,  and  discards  the  pew  system,  depending  largely  for 
its  pecuniary  resources  on  the  voluntary  subscriptions  and  contributions 
of  the  congregation.  There  is  a  large  Sunday  school  connected  with  the 
church,  and  also  a  young  men's  organization  called  the  Temple  Union. 
The  congregations  at  the  Temple  are  very  large.  The  church  is  also  called 
the  "  Stranger's  Sabbath  Home." 

The  Central  Congregational  Church  of  Jamaica  Plain  (West-Roxbury 
district,  Boston)  was  organized  in  1853  under  the  name  of  the  Mather 
Church.  Services  were  held  in  the  Village  Hall  until  1856,  when  a  newly- 
built  church  edifice  on  Centre  Street  was  dedicated.     In  1866  the  name  of 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


169 


the  society  was  changed  from  the  Mather  Church  to  the  Central  Congrega- 
tional Church.  In  1871  the'  society  sold  its  house  of  worship  on  Centre 
Street,  purchased  a  lot  of  land  on  the  corner  of  Elm  Street  and  Seav- 
erns  Avenue,  and  began 
the  erection  of  a  new  house, 
which  was  completed  and 
dedicated  in  1872.  George 
M.  Boynton  is  the  pastor. 

St.  John's  Church,  Tre- 
mont  Street,  between  Ver- 
non and  Clay  Streets,  Bos- 
ton Highlands,  was  built 
as  a  chapel  of  St.  James 
Church,  and  was  opened  in 
1867.  In  1871  it  became 
an  independent  parish,  and 
the  following  year  the  build- 
ing was  enlarged.  George 
S.  Converse,  formerly  rector 
of  St.  James  Church,  is  the 
rector.  The  church  is  free, 
and  will  seat  about  500.  The 
society  is  Episcopalian. 

The  German  Lutheran 
Trinity  Church,  of  the  un- 
altered Augsburg  Confes- 
sion, is  an  unpretending  little  building  on  Parker  Street,  Boston  Highlands, 

which  has  been  occupied  by  the 
German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Trini- 
ty Society  since  1871.  The  building 
was  formerly  known  as  Day's  Chapel. 
Adolf  Biewend  is  the  pastor.  A  pa- 
rochial school  is  conducted  in  the 
basement.  The  services  are  in  the 
German  language. 

The  Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross 
on  Washington  Street,  at  the  corner 
of  Maiden  Street,  is  the  largest  and 
finest  Catholic  church  in  the  city.  It 
was  dedicated  in  1875.  The  building  measures  over  46,000  square  feet,  and 
covers  more  than  an  acre  of  ground.  In  this  respect  it  takes  precedence  of 
the  Cathedrals  of  Strasbourg,  Pisa,  Vienna,  Venice,  Salisbury,  and  Dublin. 


Central  Congregational  Church,  Jamaica  Plain. 


German  Lutheran  Trinity  Church,    Parker  Street. 


170  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

The  style  is  the  early  English  Gothic,  cruciform,  with  nave,  transept,  aisle, 
and  clerestory,  the  latter  being  supported  by  two  rows  of  clustered  metal 
pillars.  The  total  length  of  the  building  is  364  feet ;  width  at  the  transept, 
170  feet;  width  of  nave  and  aisles,  90  feet;  height  to  the  ridge-pole,  120 
feet.  There  are  two  main  towers  in  front  and  a  turret,  all  of  unequal 
height,  and  all  eventually  to  be  surmounted  by  spires.  The  great  tower  on 
the  south-west  corner  with  its  spire  will  be  300  feet  high,  and  the  small 
tower  on  the  north-west  corner  will  be  200  feet  high.  The  gallery  contains 
a  Hook  &  Hastings  organ  of  unsurpassed  purity  of  tone  and  remarkable 
power.  It  has  more  than  5,000  pipes.  It  has  78  stops,  besides  5  pneumatic 
knobs  and  12  combination  pedals.  The  entire  interior  of  the  cathedral  is 
clear  space,  broken  only  by  two  rows  of  columns  extending  along  the  nave 
and  supporting  the  central  roof.  The  pews  accommodate  nearly  3,500  per- 
sons. The  arch  which  separates  the  spacious  front  vestibule  from  the 
church  is  of  bricks  taken  from  the  ruins  of  the  Ursuline  convent  of  Mount 
Benedict.  The  ceiling  abounds  in  carved  wood  and  tracery.  The  panels 
and  spandrils  show  three  shades  of  oak,  with  an  outer  line  of  African 
wood.  Every  alternate  panel  is  ornamented  with  emblematic  devices.  The 
roof  in  the  transept  displays  an  immense  cross  of  inlaid  wood.  On  the 
ceiling  of  the  chancel  are  painted  angels  representing  Faith,  Hope,  Charity, 
and  other  virtues,  on  a  background  of  gold.  The  frescoing  on  the  walls  is 
very  handsome.  The  rose  window  over  the  principal  entrance  is  in  design 
a  fine  specimen  of  art.  The  stained  transept  windows,  each  40  by  20  feet 
in  size,  have  designs  representing  the  exaltation  of  the  cross  by  the  Em- 
peror Heraclius,  and  the  miracle  by  which  the  true  cross  was  verified. 
The  stained  windows  in  the  chancel  represent  the  Crucifixion,  the  Ascen- 
sion, and  the  Nativity.  These  are  memorial  windows,  and  were  gifts  to  the 
church.  There  are  24  smaller  windows  of  stained  glass,  representing 
biblical  subjects,  in  the  clerestory  of  the  transept  and  of  the  chancel.  The 
sanctuary  terminates  in  an  octagonal  apse.  The  high  altar  is  formed  of 
rich  variegated  marbles,  and  is  to  be  surmounted  by  a  fine  canopy.  On  the 
Gospel  side  stands  the  Episcopal  throne,  the  cathedra  of  the  Bishop.  On 
the  right  of  the  sanctuary  is  the  chapel  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  containing  a 
marble  statue  of  the  Virgin.  There  are  three  other  chapels,  —  the  chapel 
of  St.  Joseph,  the  chapel  of  St.  Patrick,  and  the  chapel  of  the  Blessed 
Sacrament.  The  large  vestry  is  between  the  chapel  of  the  Blessed  Sacra- 
ment and  the  sanctuary.  The  chantry,  with  a  small  organ,  is  over  the  vestry. 
Bernard  O'Reagan  is  rector  of  the  parish.  The  archbishop  is  the  Most 
Rev.  J.  J.  Williams. 

The  mansion  of  the  archbishop,  in  the  rear  of  the  cathedral,  is  quite 
stately  and  very  convenient,  and  contains  some  of  the  chief  offices  of  the 
archdiocese  of  Boston. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


*7l 


THE  CATHEDRAL  OF  THE   HOLY   CROSS,    WASHINGTON    STREET. 


172  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  corner  of  Harrison  Avenue 
and  Concord  Street,  is  a  handsome  granite  edifice,  208  feet  long  by  88  feet 
wide,  built  in  1861  under  the  auspices  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  at  a  cost  of 
over  $100,000.  The  lot  of  about  90.000  feet  of  land  on  which  it  stands  was 
bought  for  $45,000.  From  the  floor  to  the  ceiling,  the  height  is  70  feet. 
The  main  divisions  of  the  interior  are  effected  by  two  rows  of  Ionic 
columns,  with  richly  ornamented  capitals,  which  mark  the  line  of  the  side 
aisles  with  graceful  and  light  shades.  On  the  keystone  of  the  chancel 
arch,  there  is  a  bust  of  Christ;  and  on  the  opposite  arch,  over  the  choir 
gallery,  a  bust  of  the  Virgin.  On  the  other  circles  there  are  busts  of  the 
saints  of  the  Society  of  Jesus.  Over  each  column  there  is  an  angel  sup- 
porting the  entablature.  The  altar  is  a  fine  piece  of  workmanship  in  mar- 
ble. On  the  panels  is  sculptured  an  abridgment  of  the  life  of  the  Virgin, 
—  the  Annunciation,  the  visitation  to  St.  Elisabeth,  the  Nativity,  the  Adora- 
tion of  the  Magi,  the  Mater  Dolorosa,  and  the  Assumption.  On  either  side 
of  the  altar  are  three  Corinthian  columns,  with  appropriate  entablatures  and 
broken  arches,  surmounted  by  statues  of  the  Immaculate  Conception  of  the 
Virgin,  the  whole  terminated  by  a  silver  cross,  with  an  adoring  angel  on 
each  side.  On  the  right  side  of  the  broken  arch  is  a  figure  of  St.  Ignatius, 
with  chasuble,  stole,  etc.,  and  on  the  opposite  side  is  that  of  St.  Francis 
Xavier.  Over  the  chancel  is  an  elliptic  dome,  lighted  by  colored  glass,  with 
a  dove  in  the  centre  with  spread  wings.  Within  the  chancel  rails  are  two 
side  chapels,  the  one  on  the  Gospel  side  dedicated  to  St.  Joseph;  that  on 
the  Epistle,  to  St.  Aloysius.  The  ceiling  over  the  chancel  is  elliptic,  and 
laid  off  in  bands  ornamented  with  mouldings.  The  painting  behind  the 
hisrh  altar  is  the  Crucifixion,  bv  Garialdi  of  Rome.  The  organ  is  one  of 
the  best  in  America,  and  was  built  by  Hook  &  Hastings  in  1863.  Adjoin- 
ing the  church  grounds  is  the  Boston  College,  a  Catholic  institution,  of 
which  Jeremiah  O'Connor  is  president. 

The  Mission  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help,  Tremont  Street, 
Boston  Highlands,  which  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  1S7S,  is  one  of  the 
largest  churches  in  Boston.  It  is  under  the  charge  of  the  Redemptorist 
Fathers;  Rev.  Joseph  Henning  being  the  rector.  The  church  is  a  basilica, 
with  transepts  in  the  Romanesque  style.  The  church  has  seats  for  2,000 
people,  and  affords  standing-room  for  an  equal  number.  It  cost  over 
$200,000.  The  building  is  of  Roxbury  stone.  Its  length  is  215  feet; 
width  across  the  transepts  115  feet:  width  of  nave  and  aisles  78  feet. 
The  nave  is  70  feet  high  in  the  clear,  and  the  aisles  are  34  feet  high. 
Over  the  intersection  of  the  nave  and  transepts  rises  an  octagonal  dome 
of  40  feet  inner  diameter,  to  a  height  of  1 10  feet.  This  dome  is  supported 
by  four  clusters  of  four  columns  each,  all  of  polished  granite,  with  finely- 
carved  capitals.      The  sanctuary,  which  is  very  large,  closes  with  a  semi- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


73 


circular  apse,  in  which  is  the  high  altar.  Six  side  altars  find  room  in  the 
chapels  at  the  ends  of  the  aisles  and  transepts.  The  chapel  of  Our  Lady 
is  built  out  from  the  west  transept.  Over  the  vestibule  is  the  organ  gallery, 
which,  like  the  triforium  galleries,  is  not  open  to  the  public.  The  basement 
accommodates  about  1,600  people.  The  sacristy  is  in  a  special  building 
west  of  the  sanctuary. 

The  Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,  Boston  Highlands,  between  Warren 
and  Washington  Streets,  is 
a  brick  building  in  the 
Gothic  style,  covered  by 
mastic.  The  church  is  117 
by  75  feet  in  dimensions, 
with  a  tower  and  steeple 
200  feet  high.  The  interi- 
or is  divided  into  nave  and 
side  aisles  by  clustered  col- 
umns, the  auditorium  and 
galleries  containing  about 
200  pews,  which  seat  1,100 
people.  Albert  K.  Potter, 
D.D.,  is  the  pastor.  There 
are  over  600  members,  and 
the  society  carries  on  many 
active  charities.  The  first 
house  of  worship  was  of 
wood,  and  was  dedicated  in 
1820.  The  present  edifice 
was  opened  in  1853.  Joseph 
Elliot  was  the  first  pastor. 
His  successors  in  the  pasto- 
ral office  were  William  Lev- 
erett,  Thomas  F.  Caldicott, 
D.D.,  Thomas  D.  Anderson, 
D.D.,andH.  M.King,  D.D. 

The  Catholic  Apostolic  Church  is  a  small  congregation  worshipping 
in  a  hall  at  No.  227  Tremont  Street.  It  represents  a  movement  of  which 
the  distinctive  feature  is  "the  preparation  of  the  church  as  a  body  for  the 
coming  and  kingdom  of  the  Lord."  Its  worship  is  celebrated  Monday, 
Wednesday,  and  Saturday,  at  6  A.M.,  Tuesday  and  Thursday  at  5  p.m.,  and 
Friday  at  10  a.m.  On  Sunday  the  celebration  of  the  Holy  Eucharist  takes 
place  at  10  a.m.,  and  vespers  at  5  p.m.  The  minister  in  charge  is  J.  F. 
Wightman. 


■J.-.-...,.       LI. 


Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,   Highlands. 


174 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


The  West  Church,  Congregational,  on  Cambridge,  corner  of  Lynde 
Street,  is  one  of  the  old  churches.  It  was  built  in  1806,  taking  the  place 
of  a  wooden  meeting-house  built  in  1736-37.  This  first  building  had  a 
handsome  steeple;  and  it  was  situated  advantageously  to  give  signals  during 
the  early  days  of  the  revolutionary  struggle  to  the  Continental  troops  at 
Cambridge,  on  the  opposite  shore.  The  British  officers,  suspecting  it  had 
been  used  for  this  purpose,  ordered  the  steeple  taken  down  in  1775.  The 
first  pastor  was  William  Hooper,  from  Scotland,  whose  pastorate  lasted  ten 
years.  The  other  pastors  were  Jonathan  Mayhew,  D.D.,  Simeon  Howard, 
D.D.,  and  Charles  Lowell.  C.  A.  Bartol,  D.D.,  the  present  pastor,  was 
ordained  in  1837,  and  has  occupied  the  pulpit  ever  since. 

The  Tremont-street  Methodist-Episcopal  Church,  Tremont  and  Con- 
cord Streets,  is  a 
large,  Gothic,  nat- 
ural-quarry stone 
building,  with  two 
spires,  respectively 
150  feet  and  100 
feet  high.  It  is  the 
finest  Methodist 
church  in  the  city. 
Hammatt  Billings 
was  the  architect. 
The  society  was  or- 
ganized in  1848,  un- 
der the  name  of  the 
Hedding  Church, 
and  formerly  occu- 
pied a  brick  edifice 
on  South  Williams 
(now  P  e  1  h  a  m) 
Street.  The  pres- 
ent building,  com- 
pleted in  1862,  has 
a  seating  capacity 
of    800 ;    and    the 


T  .mont-street  Methodist-Episcopal  Church,  corner  of  Concord  Street. 


pastor  is  S.  F.  Jones.     The  illustration  of  the  church  is  from  "  Harper's 
Weekly." 

-  The  Boston  Evangelical  Advent  Church  holds  its  services  in  the  chapel, 
corner  of  Hudson  and  Kneeland  Streets,  which  was  built  in  1854.  The 
Adventists  watch  for  Christ's  return  to  the  world,  which  they  believe  is  near 
at  hand,  and  will  be  the  beginning  of  the  Millennium.  L.  W.  Smith  is  the 
pastor.     A  new  church  is  being  built,  on  Shawmut  Avenue, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  175 

The  People's  Church,  on  the  corner  of  Columbus  Avenue  and  Berkeley 
Street,  now  partly  built,  is  largely  the  conception  of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Hamilton, 
a  Methodist  clergyman,  and  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  society  founded  in  the 
old  Church-street  Church.  It  is  a  free  church,  and  the  aim  of  its  founders  is 
to  make  it  an  attractive  place  to  the  people.  It  has  been  slowly  built;  as  it 
was  determined  at  the  start  to  build  only  as  fast  as  the  funds  would  allow, 
that  the  society  should  not  suffer  under  a  burden  of  debt.  Sufficient  funds 
having  been  raised  through  subscription  and  otherwise  to  complete  the  struc- 
ture, it  will  be  finished  the  present  year.  The  interior,  in  its  arrangement 
of  seats,  will  resemble  a  theatre,  and  there  will  be  sittings  for  from  3,000  to 
4,000  people.  The  building  was  begun  in  1879;  and  services  have  been  held 
regularly  in  the  chapel,  which  was  first  built,  since  the  close  of  that  year. 

The  Church  of  the  Advent  (Episcopal)  was  founded  in  1844.  Services 
were  held  first  in  a  room  at  13  Merrimac  Street ;  later  in  a  hall  at  the  corner 
of  Lowell  and  Causeway  Streets ;  and  afterwards  in  a  building  bought  by 
the  parish  on  Green  Street,  near  Bowdoin  Square.  Next  the  Bowdoin-street 
Congregational  Church,  popularly  known  as  Lyman  Beecher's,  was  pur- 
chased, and  long  occupied.  The  rectors,  in  chronological  order,  have  been: 
William  Croswell,  D.D.,  who  died  in  church  while  concluding  the  services ; 
the  Right  Rev.  Horatio  Southgate,  D.D. ;  and  James  A.  Bolles,  D.D.  The 
present  rector,  C.  C.  Grafton,  appointed  in  1872,  was  one  of  a  society  of 
mission  priests  of  St.  John  Evangelist  that  ministered  to  the  parish  from 
1870  to  1883.  In  some  of  its  features  the  parish  is  peculiar  in  its  organization 
and  administration.  The  corporation  consists  of  the  rector  and  some  twenty 
laymen,  who  fill  their  own  vacancies.  No  sale  or  rental  of  pews  is  allowed, 
all  sittings  being  free.  The  expenses  are  defrayed  by  the  Sunday  offertory. 
The  mission  priests  are  a  body  of  men  consecrated  to  a  life-service,  who 
have  no  stipulated  salaries,  and  who  live  in  community.  There  are  daily 
services  in  the  church  as  follows :  Holy  communion  every  morning  at  7 
o'clock,  and  on  Thursdays  also  at  9.30 ;  morning  prayers  said  at  9,  and  even- 
song sung  at  5.  The  Sunday  services  comprise :  Holy  communion  at  7.30 
and  11.45  a.m.;  matins,  10.30;  children's  choral  service,  3.30  p.m.;  and 
even-song,  7.30  p.m.  There  are  numerous  special  services  in  Lent.  Con- 
nected with  the  church  are  several  parochial  and  charitable  works,  including 
a  boys'-choir  school  in  Pinckney  Street ;  the  Sisterhood  of  St.  Margaret  in 
Bowdoin  Street; which  has  an  orphanage  in  Lowell;  a  young-ladies'  school 
in  Chestnut  Street,  and  a  convalescent-home  in  Wellesley. 

The  New  Church  of  the  Advent  building  is  at  the  corner  of  Mount- 
Vernon  and  Brimmer  Streets.  It  is  constructed  of  brick  and  stone,  with  an 
interior  finish  entirely  of  brick  and  freestone.  The  main  body,  72  by  73 
feet,  consists  of  nave,  76  feet  high,  two  aisles  and  transepts.  The  chancel, 
with  polygonal  end,  is  30  by  48  feet.     There  is  a  chapel,  on  the  south  side 


176  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

of  th3  chancel,  18  by  33  feet;  a  crypt  with  groined  ceiling,  beneath  the 
chancel,  24  by  30  feet;  schoolrooms,  hexagonal  in  shape,  43  feet  in  diam- 
eter; and  various  other  rooms.  The  tower  will  be  22  feet  square,  and  190 
feet  high.  The  baptistery  will  be  in  the  church,  under  the  tower.  Attached 
to  the  church  on  the  north  side  will  be  the  clergy-house,  four  stories  high, 


The  New  Church  of  the  Advent,   Mount  Vernon  and   Brimmer  Streets. 

containing  vestry,  clergy  and  choir  rooms,  refectory,  and  dormitories. 
When  completed,  the  exterior  will  present  a  picturesque  appearance.  The 
architects  are  John  H.  Sturgis  and  Charles  Brigham.  The  church  is  now 
nearly  completed,  and  is  occupied  by  the  society. 

The  old  church  on  Bowdoin  Street  is  occupied  by  Fathers  Hall  and 
Osborn,  of  the  English  celibate  society  of  Cowley  Fathers,  and  is  known 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


n7 


FIRST    BAPTIST    CHURCH,    COMMONWEALTH    AVENUE. 


17S  A'ING'S    HANDBOOK'    OF   BOSTON. 

as  the  Mission  Church  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist.  Both  this  and  the  Ad- 
vent are  widely  famous  for  their  imposing  ritual  and  high  Anglo-Catholic 
observances,  processionals,  banners,  candles,  confession,  large  surpliced 
choirs,  intonations,  rich  robes,  and  other  oddities  of  mediaeval  origin,  —  and 
also  for  their  very  close  and  intimate  union  with  the  worthy  poor,  and  their 
wide  practical  charities. 

The  First  Baptist  Church,  on  the  corner  of  Commonwealth  Avenue  and 
Clarendon  Street,  is  a  massive  edifice  of  Roxbury  stone,  in  the  form  of 
a  Greek  cross.  The  church  was  dedicated  in  1S73,  by  a  Unitarian  society, 
of  which  S.  K.  Lothrop.  D.D.,  was  the  pastor.  The  tall  square  tower,  with 
carved  figures  near  the  top,  among  which  are  four  statues  of  angels  blow- 
ing gilded  trumpets,  is  noticeable.  The  acoustic  properties  proved  tobe  bad  ; 
and,  shortly  after  the  opening,  services  were  suspended.  Later  the  society 
was  dissolved.  It  dated  back  to  1699,  when  the  first  house  was  built  in 
Brattle  Square,  to  be  replaced  in  [773  by  a  larger  edifice  on  the  same 
ground.  It  was  lornr  known  as  the  Manifesto  Church,  the  original  mem- 
bers  having  issued  a  document  declaring  their  aims.  The  British  soldiers 
used  the  church  as  a  barrack  during  the  war.  A  cannon-ball  from  a  battery 
in  Cambridge,  which  struck  the  building,  was  subsequently  built  into  the 
wall.  Edward  Everett  was  one  of  the  pastors  of  this  church.  In  18S1  the 
church  edifice  was  sold  by  auction,  Montgomery  Sears  being  the  purchaser. 
The  property  was  in  the  market  for  some  time,  and  was  finally  bought  by 
the  First  Baptist  Church.  By  the  terms  of  the  sale,  the  tower,  and  the  land 
upon  which  it  stands,  with  a  plat  of  a  prescribed  number  of  feet  around  it, 
is  to  be  held  in  perpetual  trust  by  the  Boston  Memorial  Society,  so  that  in 
the  event  of  a  second  sale  of  the  church-property  the  tower  is  to  be  pre- 
served. The  new  owners  took  possession  of  the  property  in  the  spring  of 
1882,  and  the  first  services  were  held  in  May.  The  First  Baptist  Church 
was  formed  in  Charlestown  in  1665  ;  and  after  much  persecution  it  built  a 
meeting-house  in  the  city  proper,  in  Salem  Street.  This  was  in  1678.  In 
1  771  a  new  church  was  erected  on  the  same  spot;  and  in  1S28  a  brick  house 
of  worship,  costing  $44,000,  was  built  on  the  corner  of  Hanover  and  Union 
Streets.  In  185S  a  fourth  church  building  was  erected,  this  time  on  Somer- 
set Street  on  a  conspicuous  site.  The  church  here  was  long  known  as  the 
Somerset-street  church.  It  was  built  of  brick,  with  a  stucco  front.  The 
spire  was  200  feet  high,  and  was  the  most  prominent  of  the  church-spires 
of  the  city  on  account  of  the  elevated  position  of  the  building.  In  1S77  the 
church  united  with  the  Shawmut-avenue  Church,  and  through  this  union 
the  latter  became  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  Boston.  The  last  pastor  of 
the  old  church,  which  so  long  maintained  its  separate  existence,  was  Rollin 
H.  Neale,  D.D.  For  a  while  after  the  union  of  the  two  churches,  and  the 
removal  of  the  old  society  from  the  Somerset-street  Church,  it  was  occu- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  179 

pied  by  the  First  Free-will  Baptist  Church  (Charles  S.  Perkins,  pastor), 
which  had  before  worshipped  in  the  Freeman-place  Chapel,  and  now  occu- 
pies the  old  First-Baptist-church  building,  at  the  corner  of  West  Rutland 
Street  and  Shawmut  Avenue.  During  the  spring  of  1882,  the  Somerset- 
street  Church  was  purchased  by  the  Boston  University  ;  and  Jacob  Sleeper 
Hall  has  been  reared  on  its  site.  Cephas  B.  Crane,  D.D.,  is  'pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  Church.  A  very  handsome  and  convenient  chapel  has  been 
built  adjacent  to  the  church. 

The  Church  of  the  Disciples  was  organized  Feb.  28,  1841,  to  "embody 
the  three  principles ;  of  a  free  church,  a  social  church,  and  a  church  in 
which  the  members,  as  well  as  the  pastor,  should  take  part."  It  was  called 
"The  Church  of  the  Disciples,"  because  its  members  came  together  "as 
learners  in  the  school  of  Jesus  Christ,  with  Christ  for  their  teacher."  Its 
creed  has  been  "faith  in  Jesus,  as  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  God,  and  the  pur- 
pose of  co-operating  together  as  his  disciples  in  the  study  and  practice  of 
Christianity."  The  society  was  organized  by  43  men  and  women ;  and  it 
was  determined  at  the  outset  that  the  seats  in  the  place  of  worship  should 
always  be  free,  —  none  sold  or  rented,  —  and  that  the  entire  expenses  should 
be  met  by  voluntary  subscriptions.  Among  the  first  names  signed  on  the 
church-books  were  those  of  Nathaniel  Peabody  and  his  three  daughters,  — 
one  of  whom  afterwards  became  Mrs.  Horace  Mann  ;  another,  Mrs.  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne  ;  and  the  third,  Miss  Elizabeth  Peabody,  is  well  known  in  Boston 
as  foremost  in  good  works  and  also  in  many  educational  movements.  Gov. 
Andrew  was  also  a  member  of  the  society.  The  number  of  names  now 
on  the  church-book  is  about  726.  The  present  house  of  worship  is  on  War- 
ren Avenue,  an  unpretentious,  roomy  edifice,  erected  in  1869  by  voluntary 
subscriptions.  It  was  free  from  debt  when  finished.  The  whole  cost  was 
less  than  the  original  estimate.  The  pastor  is  James  Freeman  Clarke,  who 
has  been  pastor  from  the  beginning.     It  is  classed  as  Unitarian. 

The  Second  Church,  Boylston  Street,  near  Dartmouth,  was  the  second 
church  established  in  Boston.  Its  first  meeting-house  was  built  in  1649  in 
Nortli  Square,  and  its  first  minister  was  John  Mayo.  In  1676  this  first 
house  was  burned  down,  but  the  next  year  it  was  rebuilt  on  a  larger  scale. 
This  stood  until  the  early  days  of  the  Revolution,  and  was, known  as  the 
Old  North  Church.  In  1775  it  was  destroyed  for  fuel  by  the  British  troops. 
From  that  year  until  1879  the  society  was  without  a  meeting-house  ;  but  its 
members  clung  together,  and  at  length  came  into  possession  of  the  "  New 
Brick  Church  "  in  Hanover  Street,  which  had  been  erected  by  seceders 
from  the  "  New  North."  The  Second  Church  occupied  this  meeting-house 
until  1844.  A  new  church  on  the  same  spot  was  then  built,  and  dedicated 
the  following  year;  but  in  1849  this  was  sold>  and  a  year  after  tlie  society 
purchased  the  Freeman-place  Chapel.     Four  years  after,  a  meeting-house 


i8o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON 


on  Bedford  Street  was  purchased  by  the  society,  which  thereupon  sold 
the  Freeman-place  Chapel,  and  moved  farther  south.  Business  in  time 
encroaching  upon  this  situation,  another  change  was  necessitated ;  and  in 
1872  the  Bedford-street  Church  was  taken  down,  and  the  present  building 
in  the  Back-bay  district  was  erected.  This  was  dedicated  in  1874.  It 
is  a  freestone  structure,  with  a  very  attractive  interior.  A  commodious 
chapel  adjoins  it.  Among  the  pastors  of  this  church  have  been  Increase, 
Cotton,  and  Samuel  Mather,  John  Lathrop,  Henry  Ware,  jun.,  Ralph  Waldo 
Emerson,  Chandler  Robbins,  and  Robert  Laird  Collier.  The  present  pastor 
is  Edward  A.  Horton.     The  faith  of  the  church  is  Congregational  Unitarian. 

It  is  at  present  a  large  and 
growing  parish.  Among  its 
regular  attendants  are  ex- 
Gov.  Talbot,  ex-Gov.  Long, 
and  ex-Mayor  Lincoln. 

The  Bowdoin  -  square 
Baptist  Church  was  built 
in  1840,  and  is  a  solid- 
looking  building  with  a 
front  of  unhammered  gran- 
ite. The  tower  is  28  feet 
square  and  no  feet  high, 
with  four  battlements.  The 
structure,  which  cost  $70,- 
000,  measures  98  by  73^ 
feet.  The  church  had  at 
the  outset  137  members, 
and  the  first  pastor  was  R. 
W-  Cushman,  D.D.  The 
sittings  in  this  house  are 
free,  and  the  expenses  are 
met  by  voluntary  weekly 
offerings.  The  present  pas- 
tor is  W.  W.  Downs. 

The  Berkeley  -  street 
Church  is  at  the  junction 
of  Warren  Avenue  with 
Tremont,  Dover,  and 
Berkeley  Streets.  It  was  organized  September,  1827,  and  was  originally 
located  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Pine  Streets,  taking  the  name  of 
the  Pine-street  Church.  It  belongs  to  the  Trinitarian  Congregational  de- 
nomination.     In  April,  1862,  it  removed  to  the  present  site,  and  assumed 


Bowdoin-square   Baptist  Church,   Bowdoin  Square. 


ICING'S   HANDBOOK-   OF  BOSTON. 


181 


the  present  name.  In  the  list  of  its  pastors  are  some  of  the  most  illustrious 
names  in  the  Boston  ministry ;  among  them  Thomas  Skinner,  D.D.,  Austin 
Phelps,  D.D.,  and  H.  M.  Dexter,  D.D.,  editor  of  "The  Congregationalism" 
On  Sept.  30,  1877,  the  semi-centennial  anniversary  of  the  church  was  cele- 
brated. In  the  summer  of  1878  a  debt  which  had  oppressed  the  church 
from  its  origin  was  cancelled.  The  building  is  believed  to  be  the  largest 
Protestant  house  of  worship  in  New  England.  William  Burnet  Wright  has 
been  the  pastor  for  sixteen  years. 

The  Second  Church,  Dorchester  district,  was  organized  Jan.  1,  1808,  by 
64  members  who  had  been  connected  with  the  First  Church  in  the  same 
place,  and  was  formed  sole- 
ly in  consequence  of  an  in- 
creasing population,  its  mem- 
bers separating  from  the  old 
church  with  earnest  mutual 

expressions  of  good-will.      It  Ibsw^  ^HJjfjJBB 

has  had  but  three  pastors,  — 
John  Codman,  D.D.,  James 
H.  Means,  D.D.,  and  E.  N. 
Packard,  D.D.  Dr.  Codman 
was  a  native  of  Boston,  and 
a  graduate  of  Harvard.  He 
remained  the  pastor  of  the 
church  until  his  death,  Dec. 
23,  1847,  at  the  age  of  66,  in 
the  fortieth  year  of  his  pas- 
torate. He  was  devoted  to 
his  work,  and,  possessed  of 
wealth,  was  widely  known  for 
his  benevolence.  In  the  early 
part  of  his  ministry  there 
were  serious  difficulties,  owing  to  a  difference  of  doctrinal  belief  between 
him  and  some  of  his  people ;  but,  after  these  were  adjusted,  there  followed 
many  years  of  a  peaceful  and  prospered  service.  Dr.  Means  was  ordained 
July  13,  1848.  During  the  30  years  of  his  ministry,  the  church  was  united, 
and  grew  in  size  and  in  activity:  as  the  population  is  filling  in  around  it,  it 
has  the  prospect  of  a  more  enlarged  field  of  usefulness.  Dr.  Means  re- 
signed in  October,  1878,  on  account  of  impaired  health.  Mr.  Packard  was 
installed  in  April,  1879.  The  church  still  occupies  the  edifice  first  built, — 
a  plain  but  spacious  and  tasteful  building  of  wood,  which  was  dedicated 
Oct.  30,  1806.  It  has  never  been  burdened  by  a  mortgage,  and  there  is  no 
wish  to  exchange  it  for  a  costlier  structure.    The  whole  number  of  members 


Second  Church,   Washington  Street,   corner  Centre. 


l82 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


from  the  beginning  has  been  more  than  1,200,  nearly  800  of  whom  were  re- 
ceived upon  profession  of  faith. 

The  Church  of  the  Unity  grew  out  of  the  increasing  needs  of  the  people 
of  the  South  End  in  the  rapid  growth  of  that  part  of  the  city.  It  was  or- 
ganized June  27,  1857,  by  an  association  of  men  well  known,  with  a  broad 

basis  of  religious  doctrine,  and 
a  declared  purpose  of  "  promot- 
ing good  morals,  and  the  cause 
of  Liberal  Christianity."  Its  first 
pastor  was  George  H.  Hepworth, 
now  of  New  York,  who  remained 
about  11  years.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  M.  K.  Schermerhorn, 
who  resigned  after  about  3  years' 
service.  He,  in  turn,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  M.  J.  Savage,  the  pres- 
ent pastor,  who  was  installed 
September,  1874.  The  society 
first  worshipped  in  a  hall  on  the 
corner  of  Shawmut  Avenue  and 


Church  of  the  Unity,  West  Newton  Street. 


Canton  Street,  but  soon  built  the  present  church  edifice,  simple  and  tasteful 
in  its  architecture,  well  located  on  West  Newton  Street,  and  paid  for.  It 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  over  1,000.  The  society  has  always  been  pros- 
perous, independent,  and  progressive  in  its  spirit ;  and  it  reports  itself  now 
as  in  a  state  of  prosperity,  financially  and  religiously,  never  before  surpassed. 
Mr.  Savage,  the  present  pastor,  is  a  man  of  large  culture  and  liberality,  in- 
dependent and  outspoken  in  his  views,  of  wide  influence  and  popularity  as  a 
preacher.  He  has  also  become  widely  known  as  the  author  of  several  excel- 
lent books  entitled  "Christianity  the  Science  of  Manhood,"  "  Light  on  the 
Cloud,"  "The  Religion  of  Evolution,"  and  "  Bluffton,"  a  novel  of  the  re- 
ligious type.     The  church  is  classed  as  Unitarian. 

The  Harvard-street  Baptist  Church,  on  Harrison  Avenue,  corner  of 
Harvard  Street,  was  organized  in  1839.  ^  was  formed  in  Boylston  Hall, 
and  was  for  some  time  called  the  Boylston-street  Church ;  later  it  wor- 
shipped in  the  Melodeon  Hall,  now  the  Bijou  Theatre;  and  finally,  in  1842, 
the  present  edifice  was  erected.  The  successive  pastors  have  been  Robert 
Turnbull,  D.D.;  Joseph  Banvard,  D.D.;  A.  H.  Burlingham,  D.D.;  D.  C. 
Eddy,  D.D.;  Warren  Randolph,  D.D.;  L.  L.  Wood,  and  T.  J.  B.  House. 
The  present  pastor  is  O.  T.  Walker.  Although  having  suffered  by  remov- 
als, between  1,700  and  1,800  persons  have  united  with  this  church.  The 
membership  is  nearly  300;  the  society  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  and 
promises  to  continue  in  carrying  on  a  good  work  in  its  vicinity.     The  build- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


183 


ing  has  a  stone  "  swell  "  front,  —  almost  alone  in  its  style  of  architecture,  — 
and  contains  seats  for  about  1,000  persons. 

The  Columbus-avenue  Universalist  Church  was  organized  in  1817.     Its 
first  church  was  on  School  Street,  on  the  site  of  the  present  School-street 
Block.     Its  present  church  edifice,  erected  in  1872,  is  of  Roxbury  stone,  and 
is  admirably  adapt- 
ed to  its  uses,  being 
exceedingly   cheer- 
ful   and    pleasant, 
with   painted    win- 
dows, including  the 
"  Man  of  Sorrows," 
the  "  Risen  Lord," 
and    the    twelve 
apostles  ;    symbols 
of      Faith,     Hope, 
Charity,   and   Puri- 
ty; and  memorials 
of  the  first  pastor, 
Hosea    Ballou,    its 
Sunday-school    su- 
perintendent      for 
thirty  years,  Thom- 
as A.  Goddard,  and 
eight    deacons    de- 
ceased before  1872. 
Its  cost  was  $160,- 
000.      The    parish, 
whose  legal  title  is 
"  The   Second   So- 
ciety of  Universal- 
ists  in  the  Town  of 
Boston,"      enjoyed 
the    labors    of    its 
first     pastor    from 
181 7  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  in  1852, 
at   the   age    of    82 

years.       He     was     a  Second  Universalist  Church,   Columbus  Avenue. 

man    of    great    in- 
sight, marked   originality,  and  singular  simplicity  and  clearness  in  all  his 
reasonings  and  teachings.     E.  H.  Chapin,  D.  D.,  was  his  colleague  from 


1 84 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


May  i,  1846,  to  May  r,  1848,  when  he  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York. 
The  present  pastor,  A.  A.  Miner,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  became  colleague  May  1, 
1848,  and  sole  pastor  in  1852.  He  was  president  of  Tufts  College  from  1862 
to  1875,  preaching  regularly  during  that  period  to  his  parish  each  morning 
service,  and  to  the  college  audience  in  the  afternoon.  Dr.  Miner  is  now 
one  of  the  senior  pastors  of  the  city.  He  has  been  fifteen  years  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  and  throughout  the  40  years  of  his  minis- 
try an  earnest  pleader  for  the  cause  of  liberty  and  prohibition.  His  parish, 
sharing  thus  largely  in  educational  and  reform  work,  has  enjoyed  great  pros- 
perity, and  held  throughout  its  history  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  body  of 
Universalist  churches. 

The  Mount-Vernon  Church,  on  Ashburton  Place,  formerly  Somerset 
Court,  was  completed  and  dedicated  in  1844,  six  months  after  the  corner- 
stone was  laid.  The  society  was 
organized  in  1842,  chiefly  to  secure 
the  services  of  Edward  N.  Kirk, 
D.D.,  as  pastor,  whose  death,  in 
1874,  closed  a  life-long  service  of  32 
years,  during  which  time  he  gathered 
about  him  a  large  and  devoted  con- 
gregation. Samuel  E.  Herrick,  D.D., 
was  installed  in  1871  as  pastor.  At 
the  organization  of  the  church  it  had 
47  members.  Since  that  time  1,596 
have  been  added.  The  present 
membership  is  542.  Dwight  L. 
Moody,  the  evangelist,  first  pro- 
fessed religion  in  this  church. 

The  First  Congregational  Soci- 
ety of  Jamaica  Plain  (Unitarian), 
previous  to  1770,  constituted  a  part 
of  the  Second  or  Upper  Parish  of 
Roxbury.  Mrs.  Susanna  Pember- 
ton,  daughter  of  Peter  Faneuil,  with 
many  other  members,  desired  to 
have  a  church  nearer  their  homes.  Through  her  influence,  and  the  liberality 
of  her  husband  (Benjamin  Pemberton),  a  new  society  was  formed,  and  a 
church  built  at  Jamaica  Plain.  It  was  called  the  Third  Parish  in  Roxbury, 
and  was  incorporated  under  that  name.  The  house  was  completed  in  1770; 
and  in  1783  Gov.  John  Hancock  gave  the  society  a  church-bell  that  had  been 
removed  from  the  "New  Brick"  Church  in  Boston.  In  1854  a  beautiful 
stone  edifice  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  wooden  building,  and  in  1871  it 


iMMM&*gggm 


Mount-Vernon  Church    Ashburton  Place. 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  185 

was  remodelled.  In  1863  the  corporate  name  was  changed  to  "The  First 
Congregational  Society  of  Jamaica  Plain."  The  pastors  have  been :  in 
1772,  William  Gordon,  an  Englishman,  and  author  of  the  "  History  of  the 
American  Revolution;  "  in  1793,  Thomas  Gray;  in  1836,  George  Whitney, 
as  associate  ;  in  1843,  Joseph  H.  Allen,  now  of  Cambridge  ;  in  1845,  Grindall 
Reynolds  (now  secretary  of  the  A.  U.  A.);  in  1859,  James  W.  Thompson 
(died  in  1881);  and  Charles  F.  Dole,  now  in  charge. 

The  South  Congregational  Church,  on  Union-park  Street,  was  first  pro- 
posed in  1825,  to  accommodate  Congregationalists  who  resided  in  the  vicinity 
of  Boylston  Market.  The  chairman  of  the  first  meeting  was  Alden  Bradford, 
ex-secretary  of  the  Commonwealth.  In  1828  was  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a 
church,  which  was  finished  in  the  following  January.  The  first  minister 
was  Mellish  Irving  Motte,  who  had  previously  been  an  Episcopal  clergyman 
in  Charleston,  S.C.  His  ministry  lasted  for  15  years.  His  successor  was 
Frederic  Dan  Huntington,  who,  after  13  years'  successful  service,  left  the 
society  to  become  the  Plummer  Professor  at  Harvard  College.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  minister,  Edward  Everett  Hale,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  College,  who  is  one  of  the  most  untiring  workers  among  the 
clergymen  of  Boston,  and  whose  literary  work  has  made  his  name  familiar 
all  over  the  country.  In  1860  a  larger  church  proved  necessary;  and  on 
the  8th  of  June,  in  the  midst  of  war  and  rumors  of  war,  the  corner-stone 
was  laid.  With  remarkable  promptness  this  beautiful  church  was  finished 
in  seven  months,  and  dedicated  Jan.  8, 1862.  For  the  first  time  a  responsive 
service  was  used  in  the  church  ;  and,  after  reading  selections  from  the  Bible, 
the  congregation,  who  had  built  the  church,  with  united  voices  dedicated  it 

"  To  the  glory  of  God  our  Father, 
To  the  gospel  and  memory  of  His  Son,  and 
To  the  communion  and  fellowship  of  His  Spirit." 

The  Walnut-avenue  Congregational  Church,  Roxbury  district,  was  pri- 
marily an  offshoot  from  the  Eliot  Congregational  Church.  Public  services 
were  first  held  Oct.  2,  1870,  and  a  Sunday  school  of  17  classes  was  formed. 
Dec.  19,  following,  the  church  was  duly  recognized  by  a  council  of  churches 
in  the  vicinity,  under  its  present  name,  and  with  a  membership  of  84,  which 
had  since  increased  to  266.  Albert  H.  Plumb,  D.D.,  was  installed  pastor, 
Jan.  4,  1872.  The  present  edifice,  called  a  chapel,  though  it  is  large,  and 
has  a  seating  capacity  for  about  600,  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Walnut 
Avenue  and  Dale  Street.  It  is  built  of  Roxbury  stone,  with  Nova  Scotia 
stone  trimmings,  and  is  of  the  Gothic  style  of  architecture.  Farewell  ser- 
vices were  held  in  Highland  Hall,  where  the  society  first  worshipped,  May 
25,  1873  ;  and  the  new  chapel  was  dedicated  the  following  day. 

The  Winthrop  Congregational  Church  is  on  Green  Street,  Charlestown 
district.     It  was  incorporated    March   1,  1833,  and  called  the  "Winthrop 


i86 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


Church"  in  remembrance  of  the  pious  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  who  founded  a 
church  in  Charlestown  in  1630.  The  first  house  of  worship  was  on  Union 
Street.  The  corner-stone  of  the  present  edifice  was  laid  May  31,  1848. 
The  building  is  Gothic,  of  brown-colored  brick ;  and  the  spacious  audito- 
rium is  old  style  with  modern  pulpit.  The  pastors  have  been  Daniel 
Crosby,  1833-1842;  John  Humphrey,  1842-1847;  Benjamin  Tappan,  jun., 
1848-1857;  Abbott  E.  Kittredge  (now  of  Chicago),  1859-1863;  and  J.  E. 
Rankin  (now  of .  Washington,    D.C.),   1864-1870.      The  present  pastor  is 

A.  S.  Twombly,  1872.  The  church 
has  500  members,  and  a  large  Sun- 
day school.  It  has  always  been 
distinguished  as  a  conservative, 
generous  society,  maintaining  the 
dignity  of  the  Congregational  pol- 
ity. It  has  been  a  "mother  of 
churches,"  sending  its  members  to 
nearly  all  the  churches  of  its  de- 
nomination in  Boston  and  vicinity 
from  time  to  time.  Carlton  College, 
Minnesota,  and  Doane  College, 
Nebraska,  were  endowed  largely 
iHI  by  two  of  its  members,  and  named 
from  them. 

The  Shawmut  Congregational 
Church,  organized  in  1849,  grew 
from  the  "  Suffolk  -street  Union 
Church,"  a  modest  organization  of 
50  members,  formed  on  Nov.  20, 
1845.  It  worshipped  in  a  little 
chapel  on  Shawmut  Avenue,  built 
by  the  City  Missionary  Society, 
with  George  A.  Oviatt,  the  latter 
society's  general  agent,  as  pastor. 
The  first  pastor  of  the  organized  Shawmut  Congregational  Church  was 
William  Cowper  Foster,  who  was  installed  Oct.  24,  1849.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Charles  Smith,  then  of  .Andover,  who  was  installed  Dec.  8,  1853, 
and  occupied  the  position  until  the  autumn  of  1858.  The  church  was  then 
without  a  pastor  until  June  14,  i860,  when  Edwin  B.  Webb,  D.D.,  the 
present  pastor,  was  called.  He  was  installed  Oct.  5,  that  year.  The  chapel 
of  the  Missionary  Society  was  used  by  the  church  until  1852,  when  a  new 
meeting-house  was  built.  Soon  after  Dr.  Webb's  settlement,  this  house  was 
found  to  be  inadequate;  and  in  January,  1863,  it  was  voted  to  erect  a  new 


:  liawmut  Congregational  Church,  Tremont  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON.  187 

one.  Accordingly  land  was  purchased  on  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Brook- 
line  Streets ;  and  the  present  building  was  erected,  with  a  very  beautiful 
interior,  and  was  dedicated  on  Feb.  II,  1864.  The  society  maintains  a 
mission-chapel,  which  was  dedicated  Nov.  1,  1865.  The  twenty-fifth  anni- 
versary of  the  church,  placing  the  date  of  its  organization  at  the  time  of  the 
establishment  of  the  "  Suffolk-street  Union  Church,"  was  celebrated  on  the 
20th  of  November,  1870;  and  George  A.  Oviatt,  the  first  pastor,  preached 
the  historical  sermon. 

The  Union  Church  was  organized  on  June  10,  1822,  with  twelve  mem- 
bers;  on  the  1 8th  another  member  was  admitted;  and  in  August  following 
twelve  more,  they  having  been  dismissed  from  their  respective  churches  to 
strengthen  this  young  organization,  —  eight  from  the  Park-street  Church, 
three  from  the  Old  South,  and  one  from  the  church  in  Braintree ;  and  in 
commemoration  of  this  event  the  organization  took  its  name.  The  first  pas- 
tor of  the  church  was  Samuel  Green,  who  was  installed  March  26,  1823. 
He  resigned  in  1833  on  account  of  failing  health;  and  his  pastorate  ceased 
on  the  26th  of  March,  1834,  the  eleventh  anniversary  of  his  installation.  A 
few  months  later  he  died.  During  his  ministry  600  members  were  added  to 
the  church.  Nehemiah  Adams  of  Cambridge  succeeded  Mr.  Green,  and 
continued  as  senior  pastor  until  his  death,  Oct.  6,  1878.  He  was  installed 
March  26,  1834;  and-in  1859  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  his  installation 
was  duly  celebrated.  On  Sunday,  Feb.  14,  1869,  Dr.  Adams  was  taken  dan- 
gerously ill  in  his  pulpit,  and  from  that  time  till  May,  1871,  was  unable  to 
preach;  Henry  M.  Parsons  in  the  mean  while,  Dec.  1,  1870,  having  been 
installed  as  his  associate.  During  Mr.  Adams's  active  ministry,  993  per- 
sons were  admitted  to  the  church.  Mr.  Parsons,  as  associate  pastor,  was 
dismissed  Dec.  30,  1874;  and  on  the  1st  of  February,  1876,  Frank  A. 
Warfield,  then  of  Greenfield,  succeeded  him,  and  held  the  pastorate  for 
several  years.  The  church  from  which  the  Union  Church  was  formed 
first  gathered  in  Boylston  Hall.  Soon  after,  several  individuals  erected 
a  meeting-house  in  Essex  Street;  but,  after  the  church  had  occupied 
it  about  two  years,  difficulties  arose  between  the  pastor  and  some  of  his 
church,  and  the  pastor  and  the  church  as  a  body  removed  to  Boylston 
Hall  again.  Subsequently  a  minority,  who  declined  to  follow  the  pastor, 
were  organized  into  a  separate  church,  June  10,  1822;  and  Aug.  26  they 
took  the  name  of  Union  Church,  and  obtained  formal  title  to  the  Essex- 
street  meeting-house  the  same  day.  In  1840  this  was  remodelled,  at  an 
expense  of  520,000;  and  on  May  22,  1869,  after  being  occupied  as  a  place 
of  worship  for  almost  half  a  century,  the  last  public  services  were  held 
within  its  walls,  and  it  was  soon  after  occupied  for  purposes  of  trade.  The 
present  beautiful  and  costly  edifice,  on  Columbus  Avenue,  corner  of  Newton 
Street,  to  which  the  church  removed,  was  dedicated  Nov.  17,  1870.     The 


188  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

building  of  this  church  embarrassed  the  society  by  a  heavy  debt;  but  this 
was  wholly  removed  a  few  years  later. 

The  Church  of  the  Messiah  (Episcopal),  on  Florence  Street,  was  organ- 
ized in  1843.  ^s  first  rector  was  George  M.  Randall,  D.D.,  afterwards 
Bishop  of  Colorado,  who  continued  as  rector  until  his  elevation  to  the 
episcopate  in  1866.  Pelham  Williams,  D.D.,  was  his  successor,  and  served 
until  1876,  when  he  resigned,  and  Henry  Freeman  Allen  (the  present  rector) 
succeeded  him.  Mr.  Allen  is  of  a  Boston  family,  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  i860.  In  1869  the  seats  in  the  church  were  made  free  to  all,  and 
have  so  remained  ever  since.  At  the  same  time  there  were  introduced  in 
the  parish  various  important  changes  in  its  practice,  including  the  use  of 
daily  morning  and  evening  prayer  throughout  the  year,  the  celebration  of 
the  holy  communion  on  all  Sundays  and  festival-days,  and  the  rendering 
of  the  musical  part  of  the  service  by  a  surpliced  male  choir.  The  order  and 
character  of  the  services  are  still  the  same. 

The  Twenty-eighth  Congregational  Society  was  founded  by  Theodore 
Parker.  It  was  organized  in  November,  1845,  by  "friends  of  free  thought," 
after  Mr.  Parker  had  been  preaching  for  some  months  in  Boston.  Services 
were  held  in  the  Melodeon  until  the  autumn  of  1852,  and  afterwards  in  the 
Music  Hall.  Mr.  Parker  preached  regularly  until  his  illness  in  1859,  and 
continued  as  minister  until  his  death,  May  10,  i860.  For  a  while  after  this, 
Samuel  R.  Calthrop,  now  of  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  occupied  the  pulpit;  from  May, 
1865,  to  July,  1866,  David  A.  Wasson  was  the  minister;  during  1867  and 
1868,  Rev.  Samuel  Longfellow;  from  December,  1868,  to  November,  1871, 
James  Vila  Blake ;  and  for  several  years  after,  J.  L.  Dudley.  The  society 
has  also  had  occasional  pulpit  services  of  such  men  as  Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 
son, William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Wendell  Phillips,  John  Weiss,  Moncure  D. 
Conway,  Francis  E.  Abbot,  O.  B.  Frothingham  ;  and  such  women  as  Ednah 
D.  Cheney  and  Celia  Burleigh.  In  1866  the  society  removed  to  the  Parker 
Fraternity  Rooms,  then  at  No.  554  Washington  Street;  and  in  1873  to  the 
building  on  Berkeley,  corner  of  Appleton  Street,  then  newly  erected  by  the 
fraternity  as  a  memorial  to  Theodore  Parker,  and  known  as  the  Parker 
Memorial  Hall. 

The  New  Jerusalem  Church  Society  (Swedenborgian)  was  formed  in 
1818,  of  twelve  members;  and  at  the  present  date  the  total  membership  is 
not  far  from  600.  The  late  Thomas  Worcester,  D.D.,  the  first  pastor,  was 
one  of  its  original  founders.  During  his  collegiate  course  at  Harvard  he 
became  deeply  interested  in  the  writings  of  Swedenborg,  and  entered  the 
service  of  the  newly  formed  society  immediately  after  he  was  graduated. 
He  continued  as  leader  and  pastor  for  forty-nine  years.  James  Reed,  the 
present  pastor,  was  ordained  as  Dr.  Worcester's  assistant  in  i860,  and  suc- 
ceeded him  in  1867.     The  house  of  worship  on  Bowdoin  Street  was  built 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OP  BOSTON 


189 


and  dedicated  in  1845,  and  has  been  occupied  ever  since.  Its  seating 
capacity  is  about  800.  For  a  long  time  there  was  no  other  society  of  the 
New  Jerusalem  or  Swedenborgian  Church  in  Boston  or  vicinity.  Within  a 
few  years,  however,  churches  have  been  established  in  the  Roxbury  district, 
Brookline,  Newton,  and  Waltham,  largely  composed  of  members  of  the 
original  society.  In  consequence  of  the  small  number  of  neighboring 
societies,  nearly  every  district  and  suburb  of  Boston  is  represented  in  the 
congregations  of  the  Bowdoin-street  church.  There  is  probably  no  other 
church  in  the  city  whose  regular  attendants  come,  on  the  average,  from  so 
great  a  distance. 

The  Congregational  House  is  on  the  corner  of  Beacon  and  Somerset 
Streets.  It  was  put  into  its  present  form,  and  consecrated  to  its  present 
use,  in  1873.  I* 
has  a  frontage  on 
Beacon  Street  of 
103  feet,  and  on 
Somerset  Street 
of  93  feet.  It  is 
built  of  faced 
granite,  front 
and  rear,  and  is 
owned   and   con- 


trolled by  the 
American  Con- 
gregational As- 
sociation, which 
was  incorporated 
in  1854.  It  was 
intended    to     ac- 


commodate,  first 


Congregational   House,  Beacon  Street. 


and  chiefly,  all  the  benevolent  societies  having  offices  in  Boston  to  which  the 
Congregational  churches  make  their  regular  contributions.  It  has,  there- 
fore, the  executive  officers  and  workers  of  the  American  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners for  Foreign  Missions,  the  Woman's  Board,  the  Congregational 
Publishing  Society,  the  Massachusetts  Home  Missionary  Society,  the 
American  Missionary  Association,  the  American  College  and  Education 
Society,  the  American  Peace  Society,  the  Congregational  Library,  and  the 
Boston  City  Missionary  Society.  The  editorial  and  business  rooms  of 
"  The  Congregationalism"  and  of  "  The  Literary  World,"  Professor  Robert 
R.  Raymond's  School  of  Oratory  and  Elocution,  and  Thomas  Todd's  printing- 
rooms,  are  in  this  building ;  and  three  of  its  stores  are  occupied  by  the  Rox- 
bury Carpet  Company.     It  has  a  large  hall  on  the  third  floor,  in  which  the 


i9d 


ICING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


Congregational  ministers  of  Boston  and  vicinity  hold  weekly  and  occasional 
meetings,  and  the  Congregational  Club  has  its  monthly  social  gatherings. 
The  religious  issues  of  these  various  organizations,  in  the  form  of  weekly, 
monthly,  quarterly,  and  annual  publications,  are  numbered  by  millions,  and 
sent  to  every  part  of  the  English-reading  world. 

The  Wesleyan  Association  building,  34  to  38  Bromfield  Street,  east  of 
the  Methodist  church,  was  erected  in  1870  by  the  Wesleyan  Association,  a 

corporation  organized  for  the 
purpose  of  publishing  a  Meth- 
odist family  paper.  In  the  rear 
wing  of  the  second  story  there 
is  a  fine  hall,  with  seats  for  300 
persons,  that  is  used  chiefly  for 
meetings,  lectures,  and  con- 
certs. Among  the  occupants  of 
the  building,  are  the  Method- 
ist Theological  Seminary;  the 
Law  School  of  the  Boston  Uni- 
versity ;  Hall  &  Whiting,  pub- 
lishers and  booksellers ;  James 
P.  Magee,  agent  Methodist 
Book  Concern ;  "  Zion's  Her- 
ald ; "  the  Caligraph  Writing 
Machine* and  Copying  office; 
and  M.  C.  Beale,  manager,  and 

Wesleyan  Association  Building,  Bromfield  Street.  j^    j-j_  Parker    treasurer    of  the 

New-England  branch  of  the  American  Writing  Machine  Co. 

The  Boston  Young  Men's  Christian  Union  was  organized  in  1851,  and 
incorporated  in  1852.  Its  new  and  beautiful  building,  18  Boylston  Street, 
was  dedicated  in  1876.  The  aim  of  the  Union  is  to  provide  for  young  men 
a  homelike  resort,  with  opportunities  for  good  reading,  pleasant  social  in- 
tercourse, entertainment,  and  healthful  exercise.  The  Union  is  aided  by 
many  practical  philanthropists.  The  Christmas  and  New-Year's  Festival 
for  needy  children,  the  work  of  the  Ladies'  Aid  Committee,  rides  for  in- 
valids, and  the  "  Country  Week  "  (a  vacation  for  needy  and  worthy  chil- 
dren), are  some  of  its  special  charities.  Religious  services  are  held  Sunday 
evenings,  in  the  Union  Hall ;  classes  are  formed  for  the  study  of  lan- 
guages, vocal  music,  elocution,  sketching,  phonography,  book-keeping, 
penmanship,  and  the  English  branches;  lectures,  readings,  and  "practical 
talks "  in  banking,  history,  science,  industry,  etc.,  are  given ;  dramatic 
and  musical  entertainments  are  offered;  members'  socials  and  out-door 
excursions    are    provided.     There  is  an   Employment    Bureau    for   young 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


191 


men,  Bureau  of  Reference  for  ladies,  Boarding-house  Committee,  Church 
Committee,  Reception  Committee,  and  a  Visiting  Committee  to  care  for  the 
sick.  The  Union  is  non-sectarian,  and  the  membership  fee  is  one  dollar  a 
year.  William  H.  Baldwin  is  the  president  of  the  Union,  Henry  P.  Kidder 
chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  William  Endicott,  jun.,  treasurer.  In 
1882,  on  account  of  the  constantly  increasing  membership  of  the  Union,  and 
the  growing  and  pressing  need  of  still  larger  accommodations,  the  Society 
found  that  the  building  was  still  not  spacious  enough,  and  an  enlargement 
was  deemed  necessary.  An  appeal  was  made  to  its  many  friends,  who 
promptly  and  generously  responded ;  and  the  extension  is  now  completed. 
This  extension  adds  largely  to  the  facilities  of  the  Union,  so  that  now  all 
the  various  branches  of  its  work  can  be  done  without  being  crowded  as 
has  frequently  been  the  case  during  the  last  few  years.     Notably  among 

the  improvements  which  have  been  ac- 
complished by  the  extension,  are  those  in 
the  library  and  gymnasium.  The  library 
has  been  enlarged,  so  that  now  it  has  a 
capacity  for  from  40,000  to  50,000  vol 
umes,  and  is  the  largest  reading-room  in 
Boston,  being  112  feet  long  and  having 
5,000  feet  of  floor  space.  The  gymnasium 
has  been  much  improved,  and  nearly  3,000 
feet  of  floor  space  has  been  added,  so  that 
it  has  become  the  largest  and  most  com- 
plete in  the  country.  It  is  136  feet  in 
length,  and  covering  6,200  superficial  feet, 
exclusive  of  dressing-rooms.  Additional 
room  has  been  provided  for  classes  ;  four 
large  and  three  smaller  class-rooms  having 
been  gained  for  this  very  popular  and  im- 
portant work  of  the  Union.  A  hall  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  300  is  also  one  of 
the  fruits  of  this  extension.  The  stage 
has  also  been  much  enlarged  and  im- 
proved.  It  is  36  feet  wide  and  34  feet 
deep,  with  a  proscenium  21  feet,  and  is  the  largest  private  stage  in  the  city. 
It  is  admirably  adapted  for  concerts,  lectures,  and  dramatic  performances. 
The  extension  has  a  frontage  of  72  feet  on  Boylston  Square,  so  that  now 
the  Union  building  has  light  from  all  four  sides,  and  covers  an  area  of  over 
11,000  feet. 

The  Boston  Young  Men's  Christian  Association   was    organized    Dec. 
22,  1851,  and  is  the  oldest  "Y.  M.  C.  A."  in  the  United  States.     With  the 


Young  Men's  Christian  Union,  Boylston  St. 


192  KING'S   HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.' 

exception  of  the  Montreal  association,  which  was  formed  only  one  week 
earlier,  it  is  the  oldest  in  North  America.     The  first  rooms  occupied  by  the 
Boston  association  were  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Summer  Streets. 
Its  first  president  was  Francis  O.  Watts.     From  1853  to  1872  the  Associa- 
tion occupied  rooms  in    Tremont  Temple.      The  present  building,  which 
is  owned  by  the  Association,  is  at  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Eliot  Streets. 
During  the  war  500  ®f  its  members  enlisted  in  the  Union  armies,  and  went 
into  the  field ;  and  the  Army  Relief  Committee  raised  $333,237.49,  which, 
was  expended  by  the  Christian  Commission.      The  Association  also  ren- 
dered efficient  service  in  sending  aid  to  Chicago  after  its  great  fire ;  over 
$34,000  in  cash  being  raised,  besides  goods  to  the  value  of  $219,000.     In 
1878  the  Association  attained  its  highest  record  in  money  raised  for  current 
expenses.     Its  present  membership  is  3,300.     Its  library  has  5,000  volumes, 
and  its  reading-room  is  well  supplied  with  papers  and  magazines.     The  par- 
lor is  large  and  handsomely  furnished.     The  gymnasium  is  spacious  and  well 
patronized.     The  sociables,  receptions,  lectures,  and  classes  are  very  popu- 
lar among  the  young  men  of  the  city.     The  Association  has  erected  on  the 
corner  of  Boylston  and  Berkeley  Streets,  in  the  Back-bay  district,  a  large 
and  ornamental  building  in  the  Scotch  baronial  style  of  architecture,  with 
the  main  entrance  on  Boylston  Street,  up  a  fine  flight  of  stone  steps,  22  feet 
wide,  and  through  broad  doors.     Upon  the  left  of  the  landing  will  be  a 
large  reception-room,  and  opening  from  it  on  the  north  are  two  spacious 
parlors,  connected  by  wide    folding-doors.     In  this  great  building  will  be 
large  reading-rooms,  and  recreation-rooms  devoted  to  chess,  checkers,  and 
parlor-games  ;  the  hall  used  as  a  chapel ;  lecture-rooms  ;  the  large  associa- 
tion hall,  extending  upward  three  stories,  richly  fitted  and  ending  in  an  open 
timbered  roof.     It  will  be  provided  with  an  organ,  and  sittings  will  be  fur- 
nished for  1,000  people.     Elsewhere  are  the  rooms  of  the  board  of  man- 
agers;   the  kitchens  and    toilet-rooms;    several  commodious  class-rooms; 
and  a  lyceum-room  with  amphitheatre  seats  for  drawing-classes.     In  the 
rear  of  the  main  building  will  be  the  gymnasium,  occupying  half  the  first 
floor  and  nearly  all  the  basement.    It  will  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country. 
There  will  be  20  bath-rooms,  and  dressing-cases  for  800  to  1,000  persons. 
A  gallery  around  the  gymnasium  will  be  used  for  a  running-track.     All  of 
the  first  story  of  the  building  will  be  built  of  brown  stone,  and  the  remainder 
with   pressed  brick  and  brown-stone   trimmings.      The  corner-stone  was 
laid   in  June,  1882,  and  the  building  will   be  completed  in   1883.      A.  S. 
Woodworth  is  president  of  the  Association,  and  M.  R.  Deming  general 
secretary. 

The  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  68  Warrenton  Street, 
has  raised  a  large  amount  of  money,  and  needs  much  more,  in  order  to 
erect  on  its  land,  at  the  corner  of   Berkeley  and  Appleton   Streets,  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


193 


spacious  building  to  serve  as  a  home  for  young  women  who  are  supporting 
themselves  at  work.  The  present  building  on  Warrenton  Street,  spacious 
it  is,  is  quite  too  small  to  meet  the  demand  made  upon  it.  The  plan  of  the 
new  structure  includes  lecture-halls,  reading-rooms,  class-rooms,  cafe",  etc., 
and  rooms  for  several  hundred  young  women. 

The  Churches  in  Boston  are  numerous  and  varied,  representing  most 
of  the  denominations  to  be  found  in  this  country.  The  total  number  of 
duly  organized  congregations  is  223.  The  number  in  each  denomination  is 
shown  in  the  following  table  :  — 


DENOMINATION. 


Baptist    ....... 

Catholic  Apostolic    .     .     . 
Christian     .     .     .     .     ._    . 

Congregational  Trinitarian 
Congregational  Unitarian  . 
Deaf  Mute  Society  .     .     . 

Episcopal 

Freewill  Baptist  .  .  .  . 
French  Society     .... 

Friends 

Jewish 

Lutheran 


w 
a 
S 
a 
z 


FIRST  CON- 
GREGATION 
ORGANIZED. 


27 

1743 

I 

1804 

I 

1804 

29 

1632 

3° 

1630 

1 

23 

1723 

2 

1835 

1 

1 

8 

1843 

5 

1834 

DENOMINATION. 


Methodist    .     .     . 
Methodist  Episcopal 
New  Jerusalem 
Presbyterian    . 
Reformed    .     . 
Roman  Catholic 
Second  Advent 
Union     .     .     . 
Universalist 


Total 


K 

w 
a 

5 

a 


4 

28. 

2 

7 

1 

30 
3 
9 


FIRST  CON- 
GREGATION 
ORGANIZED. 


1839 
1771 
1818 
1846 
1833 
1803 
1840 

I78S 


The  general  movement  of  the  churches  has  for  many  years  led  from  the 
old  cradle  of  Boston,  the  North  End,  into  the  new  wards  on  the  south  and 
west ;  and  one  by  one  the  ancient  Puritan  fanes  have  been  deserted,  and 
given  up  to  the  uses  of  trade.  The  places  made  vacant  by  the  descendants 
of  the  first  colonists  have  been  filled  by  immigrants  from  Europe,  mainly 
Irish  people,  Italians,  and  Portuguese  from  the  Azores,  who  have  raised  for 
themselves  spacious  Roman-Catholic  churches  on  the  old  Puritan  hills,  and 
have  replaced  the  vanished  deacons  with  pale  nuns.  The  Azores  men  have 
gone  even  farther,  and  under  their  dingy  little  church  (just  off  Hanover 
Street)  have  discovered  a  miraculous  spring,  whose  waters  are  efficient  for 
the  healing  of  the  faithful.  These  churches,  at  least  the  shrines  under  the 
control  of  the  Roman  hierarchy,  are  crowded  with  worshippers,  and  have 
very  frequent  services ;  while  those  that  they  have  driven  away,  the  Prot- 
estant churches  whose  early  corporate  lives  were  passed  here,  though  now 
rising  in  the  patrician  wards  with  great  splendor  of  architecture,  are  com- 
paratively slender  as  regards  their  congregations.  One  by  one  the  venera- 
ble religious  societies  of  the  colonial  and  provincial  eras  have  moved  away, 
until  only  Christ  Church  (and  even  that  a  prelatical  institution)  remains  to 
look  down  the  harbor  from  the  slope  of  Copp's  Hill.  The  latest  of  these 
ecclesiastical  veterans  to  retire  from  its  ancient  standpoint  is  the  Hollis- 


194  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

street  Unitarian  society,  whose  antique  and  picturesque  building  was  sold 
at  auction  in  the  late  spring  of  1883.  The  locality  of  Hollis  Street,  once 
surrounded  by  aristocratic  residences,  is  being  more  and  more  encroached 
upon  by  trade ;  and  the  society  at  last  has  recognized  the  need  of  a  new 
meetinghouse  on  the  Back  Bay.  At  first  it  was  planned  to  take  down  the 
old  church,  and  re-erect  it  in  the  Boston  Belgravia,  where  its  quaint  archi- 
tecture and  time-darkened  materials  would  have  made  a  very  interesting 
contrast  with  the  spick-and  span  new  houses  of  the  residence-quarter.  But 
other  counsels  prevailed ;  and  another  Gothic  building,  of  Roxbury  stone, 
will  be  added  to  the  Back-bay  region. 

The  old  State  Church,  the  Congregationalist,  which  for  so  many  years 
held  a  monopoly  of  the  religious  ministrations  of  Massachusetts,  has  been 
pressed  into  the  background  by  the  rising  tide  of  other  sects,  and  by  the 
advance  of  secularism.  More  than  six-sevenths  of  the  local  churches  are 
outside  the  Puritan  faith,  and  more  than  seven-eighths  of  the  church-goers. 
Nearly  one  half  of  the  attendants  on  religious  services  are  Roman  Catholics. 
But,  great  as  these  changes  are,  the  city  founded  by  Winthrop  still  preserves 
a  high  and  noble  spirit  of  devotion,  and  is  famous  far  and  wide  for  its  prac- 
tical charities  and  wise  philanthropies,  and  its  eminent  efforts  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  elevation  and  improvement  of  the  distressed  and  unfortunate. 
The  first  day  of  the  week  is  still  observed  here  with  great  decorum,  widely 
different  from  the  Sunday  life  of  certain  other  American  cities ;  and  the 
business-district,  on  that  sacred  day,  is  as  silent  and  deserted  as  a  section 
of  Pompeii. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


195 


Eijc  fifeart  of  tfje  Cttg, 

BENEVOLENT   AND   CHARITABLE    ORGANIZATIONS,    HOMES, 

AND   ASYLUMS. 


THE  many  public  and  private  organized  charities  of  Boston  are  quite 
bewildering  in  their  variety ;  and  their  work  is  done,  as  a  rule,  system- 
atically and  well.  Many  thousand  dollars  are  expended  annually;  and  every 
class  of  the  poor  and  unfortunate  is  in  one  way  or  another  reached,  more 
or  less  satisfactorily,  by  the  several  organizations ;  and  it  would  seem  that, 
in  a  city  so  well  supplied  with  such  institutions,  and  with  such  a  noble  band 
of  professional  and  volunteer  workers,  there  should  be  little  suffering  and 
want  within  its  limits.  But,  alas,  and  alas  !  "The  poor  ye  have  always  with 
you."  And  Boston,  in  spite  of  the  organized  efforts  of  thoughtful  and  good 
people,  and  the  annual  expenditure  of  large  sums  of  money,  has  its  full 
share  of  unrelieved  suffering  and  want. 

The  Central  Charity  Bureau  and  Temporary  Home,  established  by  the 
city,  aided  by 
$20,000  sub- 
scribed by  citi- 
zens, occupies 
three  substan- 
tial buildings 
of  brick  with 
granite  trim- 
mings, on 
C  h  a  r  d  o  n 
Street;  and 
here  are  ad- 
ministered its 
official  out- 
door charities. 
The      Charity 


Building  is  oc- 
cupied by  the 
overseers      of 


Charity  Building  and  Temporary  Home,  Chardon   Street. 


the  poor,  the  city  physician,  and  the  paymaster  of  the  soldiers'  relief;  and 
by  the  following  private  charitable  societies :  the  Boston  Provident  Asso 


ig6  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

ciation,  the  Industrial  Aid  Society,  the  Boston  Sewing  Circle,  the  Ladies' 
Relief  Agency,  the  Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society,  the  German  Emi- 
grant Aid  Society,  the  Boston  Police  Relief  Association,  the  Ladies'  Co- 
operative Visiting  Society,  the  Associated  Charities,  the  Homoeopathic 
Dispensary,  and  other  organizations.  Since  the  establishment  of  this 
bureau,  the  charities  of  the  city  have  been  dispensed  more  systematically 
than  ever  before,  and  imposture  in  their  bestowal  has  been  to  a  large  extent 
prevented.  The  Temporary  Home  is  designed  to  provide  for  foundlings, 
and  persons  in  a  destitute  condition.  Only  women  and  children  are  allowed 
there.  The  architects  of  the  buildings  were  Sturgis  &  Brigham.  The 
Hawkins-street  Lodge  for  Wayfarers,  opened  January,  1879,  'n  tne  old 
Mayhew  Schoolhouse,  provides  food  and  lodging  for  homeless  males,  for  a 
limited  time  ;  those  able  being  required  to  work  in  the  wood-yard  connected 
with  the  lodge. 

The  Directors  for  Public  Institutions,  whose  office  is  at  30  Pemberton 
Square,  have  charge  of  the  city  poor  and  reformatory  institutions,  a  list  of 
which  is  given  in  the  chapter  on  "  The  Public  Buildings."  The  places  under 
their  charge  where  the  official  indoor  charities  are  administered  include, — 

The  Almshouse  for  Girls,  situated  on  Deer  Island,  where  in  1880  there 
was  an  average  of  70  inmates,  besides  an  average  of  65  inmates  in  the 
nursery  connected  with  the  house ;  the  almshouse  for  male  paupers,  on 
Rainsford  Island,  where  245  persons  were  kept  in  1880,  —  a  larger  number 
than  in  any  previous  year ;  the  almshouse  situated  in  the  Charlestown  dis- 
trict, on  the  north  side  of  the  Mystic  River,  near  Maiden  Bridge,  where  in 
1880  an  average  of  40  inmates  was  accommodated,  39  persons  provided  with 
lodgings,  and  475  furnished  with  meals,  —  the  whole  cost  of  the  meals  being 
$50;  the  Home  for  the  Poor,  on  the  Austin  farm  in  the  West-Roxbury  dis- 
trict, which  in  1880  had  an  average  of  159  inmates ;  and  the  Marcella-street 
Home  for  pauper  and  neglected  boys,  with  an  average  of  218  inmates. 

Of  the  character  and  extent  of  the  private  charities  and  benevolent  work 
of  the  city,  the  following  concise  sketches  of  a  few  of  the  prominent  organi- 
zations will  give  a  fair  idea;  and  they  contain  much  interesting  information. 

The  Associated  Charities  was  organized,  in  1879,  to  secure  the  concur- 
rent and  harmonious  action  of  the  different  charities  of  the  city  for  these 
purposes :  "  to  raise  the  needy  above  the  need  of  relief,  prevent  begging 
and  imposition,  and  diminish  pauperism;  to  encourage  thrift,  self-depend- 
ence, and  industry  through  friendly  intercourse,  advice,  and  sympathy;  and 
to  aid  the  poor  to  help  themselves,  rather  than  to  help  them  by  alms."  At 
the  central  office,  located  in  the  Charity  Building  on  Chardon  Street,  a 
registry  of  applicants  for  charitable  aid  is  kept,  with  a  record  of  what  is 
given  to,  and  what  is  known  of,  them.     This  information  is  disclosed  only 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  197 

for  the  benefit  of  the  persons  registered,  or  to  detect  imposition.  Individu- 
als or  societies,  stating  that  they  have  been  applied  to  for  relief  by  any 
person,  receive  prompt  reports,  from  the  central  office,  of  aid  given  to  the 
same  person,  with  other  information,  so  that  they  can  wisely  decide  what 
relief,  if  any,  to  continue.  The  city  is  divided  into  districts;  and  confer- 
ences are  established  in  each  district,  composed  of  representatives  and 
visitors  of  all  charitable  organizations  and  churches  working  in  the  district, 
and  a  few  other  persons,  who  are  elected.  Each  conference  sees  that  every 
application  for  aid  in  its  district  is  thoroughly  investigated;  studies  how 
applicants  for  relief  can  be  made  self-supporting,  and  helps  them  in  that 
direction ;  obtains  aid  from  the  appropriate  sources  for  those  unable  to  earn 
support;  organizes  for  these  purposes  a  corps  of  volunteer  visitors;  and 
holds  weekly  meetings  for  the  discussion  and  disposition  of  cases.  A  board 
of  directors  has  general  supervision  of  the  registration,  of  the  district  con- 
ferences, of  the  funds,  and  of  measures  for  the  attainment  of  the  objects 
of  the  society.  The  president  is  Robert  Treat  Paine,  jun. ;  secretary, 
G.  A.  Goddard. 

The  Boston  Provident  Association  was  organized  in  1851,  and  incor- 
porated three  years"  later,  to  aid  in  suppressing  street-beggary,  and  in 
"elevating  and  improving  the  condition  of  the  poor."  Relief  is  distributed 
systematically  in  all  sections  of  the  city,  through  special  officers  serving 
gratuitously;  and  to  many  employment  is  furnished.  About.  2,500  families 
are  relieved  by  this  society  yearly.  The  expenses  of  the  society  average 
$15,000  a  year.  It  is  supported  by  yearly  subscriptions,  donations,  and  in- 
come from  legacies.  The  head  office  is  in  the  Charity  Building,  Chardon 
Street. 

The  Roxbury  Charitable  Society  was  formed  as  long  ago  as  1794,  for 
"  the  relief  of  the  poor  and  the  prevention  of  pauperism."  Clothing,  fuel, 
provisions,  and  money  to  a  limited  extent,  are  distributed,  through  an  agent, 
exclusively  to  citizens  of  the  Roxbury  district.  The  society  has  a  large 
fund,  from  legacies,  donations,  and  subscriptions ;  and  its  disbursements  are 
generous  and  extensive.     The  agent  has  headquarters  at  118  Roxbury  St. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Poor,  Roxbury  district,  was  established  in  1870, 
and  incorporated  two  years  later,  by  the  "  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,"  a 
Catholic  sisterhood  instituted  some  years  ago  in  France  by  a  poor  priest 
and  two  working-girls  of  St.  Servan.  Their  special  purpose  is  to  support 
old  people  in  various  countries.  The  sisterhood  now  includes  2,000  sisters, 
and  supports  20,000  old  people.  Applicants  are  received  without  regard  to 
their  religious  professions  or  nationality:  they  must  simply  be  of  good 
moral  character,  destitute,  and  60  years  old.  The  charity  is  maintained  by 
daily  collections  of  the  sisters,  and  by  donations.  Among  those  who  have 
aided  it  by  gifts  is  Mrs.  Andrew  Carney,  the  widow  of  the  founder  of  the 


198 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OS    BOSTON. 


Carney  Hospital.  The  Home  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Dudley  Street,"  cor- 
ner of  Woodward  Avenue.  One  building  accommodates  41  aged  women, 
and  another  40  aged  men.  Eleven  sisters  manage  the  institution,  and  the 
sisters  do  the  domestic  work.  None  receive  salaries  or  wages.  When  the 
new  building  was  completed  in  1880,  there  were  accommodations  for  200 
old  people. 

The  Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women,  in  the  Charlestown  district, 
was  founded  from  a  bequest,  valued  at  $10,000,  left  by  Mrs.  Nancy  Win- 
chester of  that  district  for  this  purpose,  and  was  opened  in  1866  with  six 


Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women,   Eden  Street,  Charlestown   District. 

inmates:  the  present  number  is  36.  The  building  now  occupied,  No.  10 
Eden  Street,  was  erected  in  1872-3.  The  beneficiaries  must  be  of  American 
birth,  60  years  of  age,  and  must  have  been  residents  of  the  Charlestown 
district  for  ten  years  preceding  application.  They  are  charged  $100  for 
admission  fee,  and  about  $50  for  furniture.  The  expenses  are  met  by  the 
income  of  the  Winchester  property,  entertainments,  donations,  and  sub- 
scriptions. Liverus  Hull  is  president,  Abram  E.  Cutter  secretary,  and  Mrs. 
Louisa  A.  Ramsey  matron. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Colored  Women,  situated  at  27  Myrtle  Street,  was 
founded  in  i860,  and  incorporated  four  years  later.  Among  those  interested 
in  its  establishment  were  the  late  Gov.  John  A.  Andrew  and  James  Free- 
man Clarke.     It  cares  for  from  18  to  20  inmates,  and  renders  outside  assist 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


199 


Home  for  Aged  Women,    Revere  Street. 


ance  to  others.  It  is  supported  by  subscriptions  and  donations,  its  ex- 
penses being  from  ^3.000  to  £4,000  a  year.  Its  general  work  is  carried  on 
by  the  directors,  most  of  whom  are  ladies. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Women,  at  108  Revere  Street,  was  organized  in 
1849,  ar>d  nas  furnished  a  home  to  over  330  aged  persons,  of  whom  over 
200     have     died  __ 

while  in  its  care. 
The  present  num- 
ber of  inmates  is 
about  So.  In  ad- 
dition, about  40 
persons  who  have 
served  in  Boston 
for  ten  years  as 
nurses  to  the 
sick  receive  aid 
at  their  own 
homes  in  quar- 
terly instalments, 
from  the  Doane 
F  u  n  d.     specially 

bequeathed  for  this  purpose.  Henry  15.  Rogers  is  president,  Henry  Emmons 
secretary,  and  Miss  L.  D    Paddock  matron. 

Disabled  Soldiers  and  Sailors  and  their  families,  and  the  families  of 
those  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  late  war,  and  who  have  died  since  the  war 
of  injuries  received  or  disease  contracted  during  service,  receive  aid  from 
the  city  at  the  Central  Charity  Bureau  on  Chardon  Street.  During  the 
year  18S2  the  amount  paid  was  $96,000.  At  the  beginning  of  1SS3  there 
were  about  1,400  beneficiaries.  The  State  repays  the  city  for  amounts  paid 
out  in  this  aid. 

The  Industrial  Temporary  Home,  No.  17  Davis  Street,  was  chartered 
in  1S77,  to  furnish  temporary  lodging  and  food  for  destitute  persons  of  both 
sexes,  who  are  willing  to  work.  In  1882,  30.761  meals  and  17.853  beds 
were  provided,  and  good  reformatorv  work  was  done.  Help  for  laundry- 
work,  sewing,  wood-sawing,  and  manual  labor  of  all  kinds,  is  furnished  by 
the  institution,  which  is  supported  by  the  income  derived  in  that  way,  and 
by  contributions.  Rev.  A.  J.  Gordon  is  president,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Hawkins 
matron,  and  George  W.  Hawkins  superintendent.  Contributions  of  cast-off 
clothing  are  solicited. 

The  Home  for  Aged  Men,  on  Springfield  Street,  which  was  organized 
in  1861,  is  an  institution  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  provide  a  home  for.  and 
otherwise  assist,  respectable  aged  and  indigent  men.     Since  its  establish- 


200 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


meat,  there  have  been  120  inmates,  and  100  old  men  have  received  aid  at 
their  own  homes.  The  home  was  first  opened  in  1861,  at  No.  17  South 
Street,  and  was  removed  in  1S60  to  the  present  building,  which  was  pur- 
chased of  the  city.     The  building  was  erected  in  1S55  for  a  lying-in  hospital, 

2j^  and  was  occupied 

s-_  for   that   purpose 

almost  two  years. 
-*?s  It  was  subse- 
!§&=  quently  bought 
by  the  Female 
sE>; ;  Medical  College, 
but  soon  reverted 
to  the  city,  and 
during  the  war, 
and  for  several 
years  after,  was 
used  as  a  home 
for  discharged 
soldiers.  Only 
natives  of  the 
United  States  are 
admitted  as  bene- 
ficiaries. The 
Home  is  sup- 
ported  by  volun- 


Home  for  Aged   Men,   Springfield   Street. 


tary  contributions.  R.  C.  Grcenleaf  is  president,  David  H.  Coolidge  clerk, 
and  Sarah  W.  Lincoln  superintendent. 

The  Children's  Home,  and  Home  for  Aged  Females,  originated  in 
1S56,  and  opened  in  1.S59.  is  designed  to  provide  for  orphan  or  half-orphan 
children,  and  old  women  of  small  means  having  no  near  kindred.  It  charges 
a  low  rate  of  board,  —  for  children  >2.oo,  and  women  $4.00  per  week.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Copeland  Street,  in  the  Roxbury  district;  and  the 
number  of  inmates  averages  20.  The  yearly  expenses  are  $4,500,  and  it 
is  supported  by  subscriptions  and  generous  donations.  The  management  is 
not  sectarian. 

The  Temporary  Home  for  the  Destitute  cares  for  young  children,  and 
finds  homes  for  them  where  they  will  be  well  treated,  and  brought  up  in  a 
manner  that  will  make  them  useful  members  of  society.  It  also  relieves 
destitute  children,  infants,  and  women  out  of  employment.  The  work 
began  32  years  ago,  through  the  efforts  of  John  Augustus  and  Eliza 
Garnaut,  the  former  a  poor  shoemaker,  and  the  latter  an  estimable  widow. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1S52.     During  the  year  1877  the  Home  received  268 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


201 


children,  including  34  infants,  returned  140  of  them  to  their  parents,  placed 
79  for  adoption,  and  provided  homes  for  60  in  families.  The  president  is 
John  Ayres,  and  the  matron  Mrs.  A.  L.  Gwynne,  who  has  served  since  1848. 
The  Home  is  at  No.  1  Pine  Place. 

The  Children's  Mission  to  the  Children  of  the  Destitute  occupies  a 
brick  building  at  No.  277  Tremont  Street,  near  Hollis  Street.  It  was 
instituted  in  1849,  incorporated  in  1864,  and  is  fostered  by  the  Unitarians, 
though  it  is  not  sec- 
tarian in  its  functions 
or  purposes.  Its  ob- 
jects are  thus  stated : 
"  First,  A  mission  to 
the  poor,  ignorant, 
neglected,  orphan, 
and  destitute  chil- 
dren of  this  city;  to 
gather  them  into  day 
and  Sunday  schools, 
to  provide  homes 
and  employment  for 
them,  and  to  adopt 
and  pursue  such 
measures  as  will  be 
most  likely  to  save 
or  rescue  them  from  vice,  ignorance,  and  degradation ;  and  to  place  them 
where  they  will  receive  such  an  education  and  be  taught  such  occupations 
as  will  best  fit  them  to  support  themselves,  and  enable  them  to  become 
good  and  useful  members  of  society.  Second,  To  excite  in  the  minds  of  the 
children  of  the  more  favored  portion  of  our  community  a  spirit  of  Christian 
sympathy  and  active  benevolence,  and,  by  interesting  them  in  a  work  which 
appeals  so  strongly  to  their  hearts,  to  stimulate  them  to  acts  of  self-denial 
and  earnest  helpfulness,  and  thus  prevent  the  growth  of  those  seeds  of 
selfishness  which  are  so  often  early  planted  in  the  young  mind."  The 
Mission  has  found  homes  in  New  England  and  the  West  for  over  7,000 
children,  and  has  afforded  temporary  aid  to  many  more.  Henry  P.  Kidder 
is  president,  and  William  Crosby  superintendent. 

The  Massachusetts  Infant  Asylum  was  incorporated  in  1867,  to  assist 
and  provide  for  deserted  and  destitute  infants.  Babes  of  nine  months  and 
under  are  received,  and  when  reaching  the  age  of  two  years  are  discharged, 
excepting  in  cases  of  delicate  health  when  discharge  might  endanger  their 
lives.  The  State  pays  the  Asylum  for  the  board  of  State  pauper  infants.  It 
occupies  a  building  of  its  own  in  the  Jamaica-Plain  district,  near  the  Boyl- 


Children's  Mission,  Tremont  Street. 


202 


KING'S  HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


ston  station  of  the  Providence  Railroad.  The  average  number  of  infants 
provided  for  annually  is  about  225.  Usually  about  25  children  are  cared 
for  in  the  asylum,  and  between  50  and  60  are  boarded  out,  according  to  a  plan 
adopted  three  years  ago  to  relieve  the  house  from  the  pressure  of  increas- 
ing admissions.     The  yearly  expenses  are  between  $13,000  and  $14,000. 

The  Infant  School  and  Children's  Home,  incorporated  in -1869,  to  take 
and  care  for  children  until  their  parents  could  provide  for  them,  and  to  find 
permanent  homes  for  children  without  friends  or  worthy  parents,  is  an  out- 
growth from  an  institution  started  in  1833  to  care  for  poor  children  during 
the  absence  of  their  parents  at  daily  work.  The  present  Home  is  at  No.  36 
Austin  Street,  Charlestown  district.  About  30  children  are  cared  for  each 
year;  and  the  annual  expense  of  the  Home  is  about  $1,500,  met  by  private 
subscriptions  and  donations. 

The  Church  Home  for  Orphans  and  Destitute  Children  has  grown,  from 
an  organization  in  1854  to  systematically  provide  clothing  for  poor  children 
to  enable  them  to  attend  Sunday  school,  to  a  thoroughly  equipped  home 
that  is  now  providing  for  100  children.  The  Home  is  situated  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Broadway,  N,  and  Fourth  Streets,  and  is  supported  and  controlled 
by  the  Protestant  Episcopal  churches  of  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts, 
though  children  of  all  denominations  are  received.  The  expenses  aver- 
age $10,000  a  year,  and  are  met  by  subscriptions  and  donations. 

St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  for  destitute  girls,  was  established  in 
1 83 1,  and  incorporated  in  1845.  It  is  located  on  Shawmut  Avenue,  corner 
of  Camden  Street.  Children  are  admitted  without  regard  to  creed  or  color, 
and  from  time  to  time  are  given  for  adoption  or  placed  out  at  service.  Thir- 
teen Catholic  sisters  have  charge  of  the  institution,  and  serve  without  pay; 
doing  too,  with  the  children,  the  domestic  work.  The  yearly  expense,  about 
$12,000,  is  met  by  annual  collections  taken  in  all  the  Catholic  churches  in 

the  city  and  vicinity,  donations,  and 
fairs ;  and  each  church  supports  a 
certain  number  of  children.  The 
expenses  of  some  children  are  paid 
by  relatives  or  friends.  The  Asy- 
lum cares  for  225  children  annually. 
The  Association  for  the  Protec- 
tion of  Destitute  Roman  Catholic 
Children  was  organized  and  incor- 
porated in  1864,  and  a  home  es- 
tablished for  destitute  orphan  or 
neglected  children.  The  present 
building,  which  cost  with  the  land 
nearly  $150,000,  is  situated  on  Harrison  Avenue,  opposite  the  Church  of  the 
Immaculate  Conception.    Between  300  and  400  children  are  annually  re- 


Roman-Catholic  Home  for  Orphans. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


203 


ceived  into  the  institution,  and  are  cared  for  and  instructed  by  the  Sisters 
of  Charity.  On  leaving,  the  children  are  returned  to  their  friends,  places 
are  found  for  them,  or  they  are  provided  with  homes  elsewhere.  The  corpo- 
ration is  wholly  Catholic,  though  destitute  children  of  all  denominations  are 
received.  The  yearly  expenses,  between  $12,000  and  $14,000,  are  met  by 
income  from  fairs,  donations,  collections  in  churches,  etc.  No  payment  for 
children  is  received. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Females  is  a  home  for  domestics  sick  and  out  of 
work,  and  is  managed  by  the  sisters  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis.  It 
is  a  Catholic  institution,  at 
Nos.  41,  43,  and  45  Brook- 
line  Street.  It  is  wholly  a 
charitable  institution,  and 
with  few  exceptions  no 
charges  are  made  to  the  in- 
mates. Mother  Mary  Cor- 
bett  is  the  superior. 

The  Bal  dwin  -  place 
Home  for  Little  Wander- 
ers is  a  worthy  charitable 
institution  at  the  North 
End.  Its  object  is  to  res- 
cue children  from  want  and 
shame,  acting  as  an  unsec- 
tarian  New  England  home 
for  orphan  and  destitute 
children,  who  can  be  given 
up  legally  to  be  prepared 
for  and  placed  in  Christian 
homes.  It  was  incorporated  and  dedicated  in  1865.  The  number  of  chil- 
dren received  in  18  years  has  been  5,300.  J.  Warren  Merrill  is  president; 
John  O.  Bishop  secretary ;  William  G.  Brooks,  jun.,  treasurer ;  and  R.  G. 
Toles  superintendent. 

The  Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  organized  in  1 861,  was  incorporated 
in  1869,  for  the  purpose  of  "training  its  members  to  a  life  of  Christian 
charity."  The  poor  are  visited  at  their  homes,  and  relieved  ;  a  number  of 
young  children  are  supported  by  the  society  at  the  St.  Ann's  Infant  Asylum. 
Under  its  supervision  are  14  subordinate  organizations,  or  conferences,  one 
of  which  is  in  Chelsea,  and  one  in  Cambridgeport.  The  members  must  be 
Catholics;  and  the  funds  are  derived  from  their  voluntary  subscriptions, 
donations,  lectures,  collections  in  churches,  etc.  Its  income  is  large,  and  its 
expenditures  generous.     It  aids  yearly  over  3,000  families,  and  its  agents 


Home  for  Little  Wanderers,    Baldwin   Place. 


204 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 


average  20,000  visits.     The  society  is  a  branch  of  the  society  of  the  same 
name  in  Paris,  which  originated  in  1833. 

'The  House  of  the  Angel  Guardian,  a  Catholic  institution,  was  established 
in  1851,  and  incorporated  in  1853.  Its  chief  object  is  to  care  for  orphan 
boys,  and  others  in  need  of  salutary  discipline.  Its  graded  school  system 
is  very  efficient,  and  draws  many  boarders  who  materially  aid  in  its  support, 
and  avail  themselves  of  the  instruction  given  in  the  English,  commercial, 
and  mathematical  departments.  Its  property  is  valued  at  more  than  $87,000. 
Its  support  is  derived  partly  from  boarders'  fees,  and  partly  from  private 


House  of  the  Angel   Guardian,  Vernon  Street. 

contributions.  Its  annual  expenses  are  about  $20,000,  and  the  number  of 
inmates  average  about  200.  The  house  was  established  and  planned  by 
the  Rev.  George  F.  Haskins,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College,  who  devoted 
to  it  his  services  as  rector  and  treasurer  till  his  death,  in  1872.  He  con- 
tributed over  $25,000.  It  is  now  conducted  by  the  Brothers  of  Charity,  of 
which  Brother  Eusebius  is  superior;  and  for  order,  neatness,  and  comfort 
is  not  excelled  by  any  institution  in  the  State.  It  is  beautifully  situated  at 
85  Vernon  Street,  Roxbury  district. 

The  Penitent  Females'  Refuge  and  Bethesda  Society  is  formed  by  the 
practical  union  of  two  organizations,  —  the  "Associated  Brethren,"  an  or- 
ganization of  twelve  gentlemen  who  established  the  Females'  Refuge  in. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  205 

1818;  and  the  Bethesda  Society,  an  organization  of  ladies,  incorporated 
in  1854.  The  society  maintains  a  home  for  the  reformation  of  abandoned 
women.  It  accommodates  23  inmates,  of  ages  ranging  from  14  to  31 ;  and 
admission  is  conditional  upon  an  expression  of  a  sincere  desire  to  reform, 
and  promise  of  submission  to  the  regulations.  The  home  is  at  No.  32  Rut 
land  Street,  in  a  building  that  cost  $12,000,  the  gift  of  benevolent  citizens, 
on  land  given  by  the  city.  The  institution  is  supported  by  income  from  a 
permanent  fund  of  $10,000,  and  generous  gifts  and  subscriptions. 

The  New-England  Moral  Reform  Society  is  an  organization  designed 
to  shelter  unfortunate  young  girls,  who  have  been  deceived  and  abandoned 
by  those  who  should  have  befriended  them.  Efforts  are  made  to  reform 
and  restore  such  to  society  and  their  friends,  and  aid  them  to  suitable  em- 
ployment if  necessary.  The  society  cares  for  30  or  40  women  yearly,  and 
its  annual  expenses  average  $4,000.  It  is  located  at  No.  6  Oak  Place.  One 
of  its  founders,  Catherine  S.  Kilton,  was  for  30  years  its  president.  The 
society  publishes  a  monthly  magazine,  "  The  Home  Guardian,"  from  which 
it  receives  some  income.  It  is  further  supported  by  subscriptions,  the  pro- 
ceeds of  certain  investments,  and  gifts  and  legacies.  The  society  was  or- 
ganized in  1836,  and  incorporated  in  1846. 

The  Industrial  School  for  Girls  was  incorporated  in  1855,  "for  the  pur- 
pose of  training  to  good  conduct,  and  instructing  in  household  labor,  desti- 
tute or  neglected  girls."  It  is  located  on  Centre  Street,  Dorchester  district, 
and  has  accommodations  for  about  30  girls.  The  age  of  admission  is  from 
6  to  10,  and  places  are  found  for  the  girls  when  they  leave  the  school,  gener- 
elly  at  18  years  of  age.  Such  girls  as  have  relatives  or  friends  able  to  do 
so,  pay  a  moderate  sum  for  board,  but  the  most  of  them  are  cared  for  gratui- 
tously. The  annual  cost  of  the  school  is  about  $5,000.  It  is  sustained  by 
yearly  subscriptions,  and  income  from  investments. 

The  Scots'  Charitable  Society  was  incorporated  in  1786;  but  it  was  in 
existence  long  before  that  time,  having  been  founded  in  1657.  It  is  believed 
to  be  the  oldest  private  charitable  society  in  the  city.  Its  object  is  to  fur- 
nish relief  to,  and  aid  in  various  ways,  unfortunate  Scottish  immigrants, 
their  families  and  descendants.  In  1869  St.  Andrew's  Home  was  tempo- 
rarily established  by  the  society  at  73  West  Concord  Street,  where  unfortu- 
nate Scots  were  received  and  cared  for  until  employment  was  found;  but  in 
1872  the  Scots'  Temporary  Home  was  permanently  established  at  No.  77 
Camden  Street.  The  society  also  owns  a  lot  at  Mount  Auburn,  where 
friendless  Scots  receive  burial.  The  income  of  the  society  is  derived  from 
a  permanent  fund,  initiation-fees,  yearly  assessments  of  members,  and  dona- 
tions. The  membership  is  now  265.  Active  members  must  be  natives  of 
Scotland,  or  immediate  descendants ;  but  honorary  members  may  be  of 
different  nationalities.  From  200  to  300  annually  receive  the  benefits  of  the 
society.     Among  the  working  officers  is  a  committee  of  charity. 


206  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Charitable  Irish  Society  is  another  organization  of  long  standing. 
It  was  organized  in  1737,  and  incorporated  in  1809;  and  for  nearly  a  cen- 
tury it  was  the  only  Irish  charitable  society  in  New  England.  Its  original 
purpose  was  to  furnish  temporary  loans  to  needy  members,  and  to  relieve 
friendless  Irish  immigrants  ;  but  of  later  years  it  has  made  annual  donations 
of  from  $300  to  $500  to  some  deserving  charity,  few  members  calling  for 
aid.  The  years  immediately  following  the  Revolutionary  War,  it  extended 
timely  relief  to  those  of  its  members  who  were  disabled,  in  one  way  and 
another,  by  the  war.  Its  meetings  are  held  at  the  Parker  House,  but  it  has 
no  established  headquarters. 

The  German  Emigrant  Aid  Society  extends  a  helping  hand  to  German 
immigrants,  principally  in  aiding  them  to  employment,  and  providing  tempo- 
rary support ;  it  also  aids  poor  German  residents,  particularly  widows  and 
orphans,  or  the  sick.  The  society  employs  an  agent  to  look  after  immi- 
grants arriving  at  the  port  of  Boston.  It  aids  about  800  persons  yearly. 
Its  income  is  derived  from  the  invested  funds,  dues  from  members  (who 
number  220),  and  from  donations.  The  society  has  an  office  in  the  Charity 
Building,  Chardon  Street. 

The  New-England  Scandinavian  Benevolent  Society  was  organized  in 
1853,  and  incorporated  two  years  later,  its  main  object  being  mutual  relief : 
of  late  years  its  aid  has  been  given,  to  a  considerable  extent,  to  persons  not 
members.  It  distributes  about  $1,000  a  year  to  the  poor.  The  member- 
ship is  180.     The  office  of  the  society  is  at  No.  3  Tremont  Row. 

The  Massachusetts  Society  for  Aiding  Discharged  Convicts  is  a  prac- 
tical organization  which  offers  a  helping  hand,  when  it  is  most  needed,  to 
those  who  face  the  world  again  after  a  term  in  prison.  It  aids  the  convict 
just  after  his  discharge,  with  temporary  board,  clothing,  conveyance  to 
friends,  tools  to  work  with,  and  helps  him  to  find  employment.  The  society 
was  organized  in  1846,  and  was  incorporated  under  its  present  name  in  1867. 
Among  its  founders  were  Charles  Sumner,  S.  G.  Howe,  Walter  Channing, 
and  Edward  E.  Hale.  The  average  number  of  convicts  helped  each  year 
is  350.  The  funds  are  provided  by  yearly  subscriptions,  gifts,  and  legacies. 
It  expends  from  $2,000  to  $5,000  yearly. 

The  Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society,  organized  in  1827,  but  not  in- 
corporated until  1852,  is  "to  assist  those  who  have  seen  better  days,"  espe- 
cially respectable  persons  who  are  unwilling  to  make  their  needs  publicly 
known.  It  has  a  standing  committee  resident  in  different  sections  of  the 
city,  and  applications  are  received  by  them.  Its  expenditures  are  mostly  in 
supplies  and  the  payment  of  rents.  It  obtains  funds  partly  from  annual 
assessments  on  its  members,  but  chiefly  from  donations.  An  average  of 
1,000  cases  of  destitution  are  relieved  yearly.  The  president  is  Thomas 
Gaffield,  and  the  secretary  J.  Russell  Reed.  Its  meetings  are  held  in  the 
Charity  Building. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


207 


The  Needlewoman's  Friend  Society  was  organized  in  1847,  and  incor- 
porated in  1 85 1,  for  the  purpose  of  providing  employment  for  indigent 
females.  Materials  for  garments  are  supplied  by  the  funds  of  the  society, 
the  cutting  is  done  by  the  managers,  the  sewing  is  given  out  to  poor  women 
at  remunerative  prices,  and  the  garments  thus  made  are  offered  for  sale  at 
low  prices,  at  the  rooms  of  the  society,  149  A  Tremont  Street.  The  society 
also  finds  permanent  employment  for  poor  seamstresses  in  the  finer  sort  of 
needlework.  Its  funds  are  raised  by  subscriptions  and  donations,  and  it 
has  received  several  legacies. 

The  Boston  Sewing  Circle  does  a  work  similar  to  that  of  the  Needle- 
woman's Friend  Society.  Money  for  materials,  about  $2,400  a  year,  is 
raised  by  annual  subscription.  Garments  are  cut  by  the  ladies  of  different 
churches  each  week  through  the  winter  ;  and  the  work  is  done  by  the  poor 
under  charge  of  the  several  ladies  who  pay  for  it,  and  distribute  the  gar- 
ments, when  done,  to  charitable 

societies.  Each  winter  it  benefits  (k 

3,000  or  more  poor  women.  The 
society  was  formed  in  1S62,  to 
work  for  the  soldiers ;  and  for  a 
while  after  the  war  the  garments 
made  "for  it  were  distributed  to 
the  white  school  children  of  the 
South.  Its  headquarters  are  in 
the  Charity  Building.  The  whole 
board  of  managers,  of  which 
Miss  I.  E.  Loring  is  president,  is 
composed  of  ladies. 

The  Boston  Port  and  Sea- 
men's Aid  Society  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1867  by  the  union  of  the 
Port  Society  and  the  Seamen's 
Aid  Society.  Its  aim  is  to  "im- 
prove the  moral,  religious,  and 
general  condition  of  seamen  and 
their  families  in  Boston  and  its 
vicinity;  to  relieve  sick  and  dis- 
abled seamen  and  their  families  ; 
to  afford  aid  and  encouragement 
to  poor  and  industrious  seamen  ; 

r  Seamen  s  Bethel,   North  Square. 

and  to  promote  the  education  of 

seamen's   children."     The  Mariners'  House,  built  by  the  Port  Society  in 

1847,  is  a  brick  building,  four  stories  high,  No.  11  North  Square,  arid  is 


208  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

under  charge  of  an  experienced  mariner.  It  accommodates  from  80  to  100 
persons,  and  has  a  chapel,  reading-room,  and  library.  S.  E.  Breen  is  the 
pastor,  and  Capt.  J.  P.  Hatch  the  superintendent.  Rev.  S.  K.  Lothrop,  D.D., 
is  president  of  the  society.  There  were  3,300  boarders  in  1881.  The  Sea- 
men's Bethel,  a  modest  structure  opposite,  seats  1,100,  and  has  vestries 
seating  125  and  300  persons  respectively.  It  was  here  that  the  famous  ex- 
mariner,  Edward  T.  Taylor,  better  known  as  "  Father  Taylor,"  preached. 

The  Boston  Seaman's  Friend  Society  is  a  branch  of  the  American  Sea- 
man's Friend  Society,  and  has  for  its  object  the  furnishing  of  regular  evan- 
gelical ministrations  for  seamen,  and  the  employment  of  other  means  for 
their  spiritual  and  temporal  welfare.  It  supports  the  Salem  and  Mariners' 
Church,  and  Sailors'  Home,  corner  of  Salem  and  North  Bennet  Streets. 
Joseph  C.  Tyler  is  president,  and  Capt.  Andrew  Bartlett  is  the  missionary. 
This  work  is  principally  supported  by  contributions  from  the  Orthodox 
Congregational  churches  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd  is  a  branch  of  the  New-York  society 
of  the  same  name.  It  was  established  in  1867,  and  owes  its  foundation 
largely  to  Bishop  Williams  of  Boston,  who  provided  its  first  site,  a  dwelling- 
house  on  Allen  Street,  and  supplied  its  early  needs.  Its  object  is  "  to  pro- 
vide a  refuge  for  the  reformation  of  fallen  women  and  girls ; "  and  it  also 
maintains  a  "  Class  of  Preservation,"  made  up  of  wayward  and  insub- 
ordinate girls,  whose  habits  endanger  their  virtue.  The  present  house  is 
located  on  Tremont  Street,  Roxbury  district,  in  a  building  erected  for  it. 
It  has  provision  for  150  inmates,  and  is  crowded.  It  is  managed  by  the 
Sisters  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  a  Catholic  society  originating  in  France  in 
1646;  but  girls  and  women  of  all  denominations  are  admitted.  A  grant 
of  $10,000  was  made  by  the  State  in  1870,  to  aid  in  building  the  present 
edifice. 

Boffin's  Bower  is  one  of  the  most  original  and  useful  charities  in  the 
city.  Jennie  Collins  is  the  presiding  genius  of  this  excellent  establishment 
at  No.  1 03 1  Washington  Street,  where,  since  1874,  many  poor  working 
women  have  been  fed,  clothed,  and  sheltered  until  they  were  able  to  obtain 
an  honest  livelihood.  From  May  30,  1881,  to  May  30,  1882,  1,545  women 
and  girls  applied  for  employment;  and  in  the  same  period  of  time  1,154 
applicants  for  the  services  of  women  made  known  their  wants.  The  charity 
is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions,  and  has  done  good  practical  work, 
providing  temporarily  for  unemployed  workwomen  who  would,  without  aid, 
frequently  suffer  from  hunger  or  illness ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  many 
poor  girls- have  been  saved  from  a  life  of  shame  by  its  ministrations. 

The  Children's  Friend  Society  provides  for  the  support  of  indigent 
children,  who  are  either  fully  surrendered  to  it,  or  received  as  boarders. 
Those  surrendered  are  indentured  at  12  years  of  age,  and  remain  under 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  209 

guardianship  until  18.     The  society's  home,  at  No.  48  Rutland  Street,  pro- 
vides for  70  children.     The  society  has  been  in  operation  since  1833,  and 

originated  in  the  personal  labors  of  a  Mrs. Burns,  a  lady  of  moderate 

means,  resident  at  the  North  End,  who  received  into  her  own  house  a  num- 
ber of  poor  children,  and  cared  for  them. 

The  Boston  Female  Asylum,  at  1008  Washington  Street,  was  founded 
in  1800.  Its  name  is  somewhat  misleading,  for  it  is  simply  a  home  for 
female  orphans  and  half-orphans.  Full  surrender  of  the  children  is  re- 
quired on  their  admission,  and  they  remain  until  18  years  of  age.  Between 
70  and  80  children  are  provided  for  in  the  asylum. 

The  Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals, 
with  office  at  96  Tremont  Street,  was  organized  in  1868,  and  has  investigated 
over  33,000  cases,  and  convicted  more  than  3,000  persons.  It  has  issued 
more  than  1,500,000  copies  of  its  monthly  paper,  "Our  Dumb  Animals," 
and  over  500,000  of  its  other  publications.  It  has  also  offered  prizes  to 
Massachusetts  school-children  for  the  best  compositions  on  "  Kindness  to 
Animals,"  and  has  given  rewards  for  essays,  inventions,  and  improvements 
for  the  benefit  of  dumb  creatures.  It  has  at  present  four  prosecuting  offi- 
cers in  Boston,  constantly  employed,  and  about  500  prosecuting  agents  in 
the  other  cities  and  towns  of  the  State.  The  amount  paid  into  this  society 
since  its  organization  is  about  $250,000.  The  president  is  George  T. 
Angell,  and  the  secretary  is  Joseph  L.  Stevens.  It  has  a  large  and  dis- 
tinguished list  of  honorary  members. 

The  Co-operative  Society  of  Visitors  among  the  Poor,  organized  in 
1874,  and  incorporated  in  1877,  consists  of  a  body  of  visitors  who  make 
weekly  personal  visits  among  the  poor.  No  visitor  takes  more  than  four 
cases,  in  hope  of  finding  work,  or  what  may  be  called  legitimate  relief,  for 
that  number  of  persons.  The  society  has  also  established  work-rooms  in 
the  Charity  Building,  where  poor  women  who  really  want  work  can  get 
it.  The  president  is  Mrs.  James  Lodge,  and  the  secretary  is  Mrs.  B.  S. 
Calef. 

The  Industrial  Aid  Society  was  incorporated  in  the  year  1835,  under 
the  name  of  the  Boston  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Pauperism,  to  which, 
in  1866,  was  prefixed  "  The  Industrial  Aid  Society."  This  society  was 
founded  upon  the  idea  that  employment  was  the  best  form  of  charity,  and 
that  there  was  but  little  opportunity  for  deception  under  this  rule.  Its 
principles  of  action  have  been  adopted  by  other  organizations,  and  by  the 
city  in  some  measure.  It  finds  employment  for  people,  transfers  laborers 
to  other  places,  and  returns  many  to  their  homes.  Its  office  is  in  the 
Charity  Building,  Chardon  Street. 

The  Ladies'  Relief  Agency  is  another  of  the  organizations  in  the 
Charity  Building,  and  distributes  money  and  clothing  to  persons  found,  by 


210  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

personal  investigation,  to  be  worthy  of   support.      The  president  is  Mrs. 
H.  G.  Shaw,  and  the  secretary  Miss  C.  Harmon. 

The  Boston  Police  Relief  Association,  organized  in  1871,  and  incor- 
porated in  1876,  has  its  office  in  the  Charity  Building.  Jan.  1,  1881,  it  had 
447  members.  In  1880  it  paid  $3,092  to  members  for  "  sick-benefits," 
$2,000  to  families  on  the  death  of  four  members,  and  $600  to  six  members 
on  the  death  of  their  wives.     The  president  is  George  F.  Goold. 

The  Boston  North-End  Mission,  at  No.  201  North  Street,  was  organized 
in  1865.  Its  work  is  among  the  poor,  holding  religious  meetings  in  the 
chapel,  and  providing  a  home  for  40  poor  children  in  the  nursery  depart- 
ment. It  extends  a  helping  hand  to  penitent  women  seeking  a  better  life, 
and  gives  them  shelter  in  the  home  department.  It  also  provides  for  men 
without  a  home,  by  furnishing  a  good  lunch  or  a  comfortable  lodging  for 
five  or  ten  cents.  The  industrial  schools  for  women  and  girls  help  the  poor 
to  learn  how  to  care  for  themselves.  The  reading-room,  open  from  8  a.m. 
to  9  p.m.,  makes  an  attractive  resort  for  the  many  seamen  and  landsmen  who 
throng  North  Street.  The  Mission  also  maintains  a  summer-home  at  Mount 
Hope,  near  Forest  Hills,  where  during  the  warm  season  the  children  breathe 
the  pure  air  of  heaven.  The  stranger  in  Boston  should  not  neglect  to  visit 
the  Mission,  and  see  an  institution  that  appeals  to  every  heart.  The  cur- 
rent expenses  of  the  work  are  $10,000  a  year,  derived  chiefly  from  small 
contributions  of  a  generous  public.  Rev.  S.  T.  Frost,  201  North  Street,  is 
financial  agent;  and  Rev.  S.  B.  Andrews  is  missionary. 

The  City  Missionary  Society  is  the  oldest  institution  of  its  kind  in  the 
country,  having  been  organized  in  1816,  and  incorporated  in  1820.  It  works 
not  only  to  bring  the  non-church-going  classes  under  the  influence  of  re- 
ligion by  personal  visits  of  its  missionaries,  gathering  children  and  others 
into  sabbath  schools,  neighborhood  and  chapel  meetings,  and  the  distribu- 
tion of  religious  reading,  but  seeks  the  physical  welfare  of  the  poor  by  pro- 
curing employment  for  them,  providing  homes  for  orphan  and  destitute 
children,  and  extending  pecuniary  aid.  It  now  employs  25  male  and  female 
missionaries,  who  visit  15,000  families  a  year.  The  annual  expenditures  of 
the  society  amount  to  $30,000.  It  is  supported  by  Congregationalists,  but 
is  unsectarian  in  its  operations.  The  headquarters  of  the  society  are  in  the 
Congregational  House,  corner  of  Beacon  and  Somerset  Streets. 

The  Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children 
was  incorporated  in  1878.  Its  headquarters  are  at  No.  1  Pemberton  Square. 
It  investigates  cases  of  abuse  against  any  person  under  21  years  of  age, 
brings  the  perpetrators  before  the  magistrates  when  necessary,  and  cares 
for  neglected  and  deserted  children.  It  maintains  a  temporary  home  at  No. 
94  Chestnut  Street.  The  president  is  Charles  D.  Head,  and  the  general 
agent  Frank  B.  Fay. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON  211 


Stye  $uise  of  tfje  Cits* 

THE  SANITARY   CONDITION    OF   BOSTON, —HOSPITALS,    DIS- 
PENSARIES,   AND   ASYLUMS. 

THE  sanitary  condition  of  Boston  will  bear  favorable  comparison  with 
that  of  other  cities.  The  annual  death-rate,  21.91  in  1,000  in  1882,  is 
slightly  larger  than  that  of  London,  but  considerably  smaller  than  the 
average  in  the  other  European  cities.  It  also  compares  favorably  with 
American  cities,  although  those  of  St.  Louis  and  some  other  Western  cities 
show  a  lower  rate.  The  statistics  of  Western  cities  are,  however,  more 
likely  to  err  in  accuracy;  and,  besides,  the  mortality  is  always  less  in  young 
and  vigorous  communities,  though  their  sanitary  conditions  may  be  far  more 
unfavorable.  The  sanitary  affairs  of  Boston  are  under  the  control  of  its 
Board  of  Health  established  in  1873,  under  the  pressure  of  a  peremptory 
popular  demand  caused  by  the  presence  of  a  terrible  small-pox  scourge  in 
the  city.  The  Board  has,  in  many  respects,  arbitrary  powers  in  regard  to 
the  public  health,  and  can  take  almost  any  measure  that  may  be  deemed 
expedient,  in  a  case  of  emergency.  The  principal  drawback  to  a  satisfactory 
sanitary  condition  is  the  defective  drainage;  but  this  will  be  partially  over- 
come by  the  great  system  of  sewers  now  constructing,  and  referred  to  in  the 
chapter  on  "The  Arteries  of  the  City."  The  streets  are  kept  remarkably 
clean,  being  regularly  swept  nine  months  of  the  year.  The  principal  streets, 
about  185  miles,  are  swept  daily,  and  others  twice  a  week. 

The  hospitals  and  dispensaries  of  Boston  are  many;  but  their  work 
is  done  so  quietly  and  so  unostentatiously  that  few,  even  of  those  long 
resident  in  the  city,  are  aware  of  their  magnitude,  or  comprehend  the  extent, 
variety,  and  thoroughness  of  their  operations.     At  their  head  stands  — 

The  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  a  noble  institution,  one  of  the 
most  complete  and  perfectly  organized  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  It  is 
also  the  oldest,  save  one,  —  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  It  was  incorporated 
in  181 1,  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  182 1.  It  was  conceived 
by  a  number  of  the  public-spirited  and  generous  citizens  of  that  day ;  and 
its  plan  was  drawn  on  a  most  liberal  and  extensive  scale,  showing  them  to 
be  broad-minded  and  far-sighted  men.  A  bequest  of  $5,000  at  the  close  of 
the  last  century,  in  1799,  was  the  practical  beginning  of  the  enterprise;  but 
it  was  not  until  181 1  that  the  work  was  undertaken  systematically  and  vigor- 
ously.   In  that  year  56  gentlemen  were  incorporated  under  the  name  of  The 


212 


KING'S  HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


Massachusetts  General  Hospital ;  and  the  charter  granted  a  fee-simple  in 
the  estate  of  the  old  Province  House,  on  condition  that  $100,000  be  raised  by 
subscription  within  ten  years,  which  was  promptly  met.  The  Massachusetts 
Hospital  Life-insurance  Company  was  required  by  its  charter,  in  181 8,  to 
pay  one-third  of  its  net  profits  to  the  hospital.  So  also  were  the  New- 
England  Mutual  Life-insurance  Company,  incorporated  in  1835;  and  the 
State  Mutual  Life-Assurance  Company  at  Worcester,  in  1844.  Several  other 
gifts  were  made  it  by  private  citizens,  and  the  funds  accumulated  with  grati- 
fying rapidity.  Among  the  most  generous  bequests  were  those  of  John 
McLean,  —  one  of  $100,000,  and  another  of  $50,000 ;  this  latter  to  be  divided 
between  the   hospital  and  Harvard   University.      For  him   is   named  the 


The  Massachusetts  General   Hospital,   Blossom  Street. 

McLean  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  in  Somerville,  which  is  a  branch  of  the 
Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  established  by  its  trustees  in  1816.  His 
name  was  also  given  to  the  street  at  the  foot  of  which  the  hospital  stands. 
Prominent  among  the  founders  of  the  hospital  was  John  Lowell,  one  of  the 
esteemed  Lowell  family,  several  of  whose  members  have  done  so  much  for 
Boston,  and  have  been  so  prominent  among  its  citizens.  His  father  was 
Judge  Lowell,  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  -the  State  Consti- 
tution, and  who  caused  to  be  inserted  in  the  "  Bill  of  Rights  "  the  clause 
declaring  that  "all  men  are  born  free  and  equal."  For  one  of  his  brothers 
the  city  of  Lowell  was  named  ;  and  another  was  the  Rev.  Charles  Lowell  of 
the  West  Church,  father  of  James  Russell  Lowell,  the  poet  of  to-day,  now 
minister  to  England.     John  Lowell  acquired   fame  in  his  day  as  a  political 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON.  213 

writer,  and  during  the  war  of  1812  wrote  trenchant  articles  under  the  nom 
de  plume  of  "  The  Boston  Rebel,"  which  were  especially  notable  for  the 
vigorous  and  bold  fashion  in  which  they  attacked  the  national  administra- 
tion. Besides  being  active  in  the  movement  to  establish  the  Massachusetts 
General  Hospital,  John  Lowell  was  also  a  founder  of  the  Athenaeum,  and 
the  Hospital  Life-Insurance  Company. 

The  hospital  stands  at  the  west  end  of  McLean   Street,  on  what  was 
formerly  Prince's  pasture.     The  main  building,  first  built,  is  of  Chelmsford 
granite,  hammered   out   and   fitted   for   use   by  the  convicts  of  the  State 
Prison.     When  completed,  it  was  pronounced  the  finest  building  in  New 
England.     Charles  Bulfinch  was  the  architect.     In  1846  it  was  enlarged  by 
the  addition  of  two  extensive  wings.      Other  additions  and  improvements 
have  from  time  to  time  been  made;  the  most  recent  in  1873-75,  when  four 
new  pavilion  wards  were  constructed,  called  respectively  the  Jackson,  War- 
ren, Bigelow,  and  Townsend  wards,  in  recognition  of  the  valuable  services 
of  Drs.  James  Jackson,  J.  C.  Warren,  Jacob  Bigelow,  and  S.  D.  Townsend. 
The  hospital  admits,  under  light  conditions,  patients  suffering  from  disease 
or  injuries,  from  any  part  of  the  United  States  or  British  Provinces;  and 
provision  is  made  for  free  treatment,  or  treatment  at  the  cost  to  the  patient 
of  the  expense  involved.     No  infectious  diseases  are  admitted,  and  chronic 
or  incurable  cases  are  generally  refused.     On  proper  call  the  hospital  ambu- 
lance, with  medical  officer,  is  despatched  at  any  hour  to  points  within  the 
city  proper,  north  of  Dover  and  Berkeley  Streets  ;  and  the  hospital  is  always 
ready  for  any  emergency,  however  sudden  or  extensive  the  demand  on  its 
resources  may  be.     The  hospital,  ever  since  its   establishment,  has  been 
steadily  and  greatly  aided  by  gifts  and  bequests.     The  donations  and  lega- 
cies of  the  year  1881  alone  amounted  to  $113,906.80.     The  whole  number 
of  patients  treated  in  the  hospital  in  1880  was  2,270,  of  whom  2,099  were 
adults,  and   171    children.      The  whole    number   of    out-patients   applying 
for  treatment  during  the  same  period  was  18,443.     From  1821  to  the  close 
of  1880  the  number  of  patients  in  the  hospital  has  been  66,526;  of  these, 
20,126  were  discharged  well,  14,407  much  relieved,  or  relieved  in  part,  and 
4,928  died.      The  whole  number  of  out-patients  treated  during  the  same 
period  was  254,261.     About  81  per  cent  of  the  number  treated  in  the  hospi- 
tal during  1881  were  occupants  of  free  beds.     The  total  free-bed  subscrip- 
tions for  the  year  were  $10,950;  and  the  free-bed  fund,  the  income  of  which 
must  be  devoted  to  free  beds,  amounted  to  $462,260.95.     Of  the  free  patients 
during  the  year,  16  per  cent  were  female  domestics,  33  per  cent  laborers,  5 
per  cent  mechanics,  and  9  per  cent  minors.     The  expense  of  the  hospital 
department  in  1881  was  $102,153.80.     A  training-school  for  nurses  is  also 
attached  to  this  hospital.     A  convalescent-cottage  at  Belmont,  begun  in 
1880,  was  opened  for  patients  in  April,  1881.    James  H.  Whittemore  is  the 
resident  physician 


214 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


The  Boston  City  Hospital  was  established  in  1864,  after  many  years  of 
agitation,  which  began  in  1849,  before  the  cholera,  then  epidemic  in  Boston, 
had  disappeared.  The  necessary  authority  was  given  the  city  by  the  Legis- 
lature in  1858;  two  years  later  the  land  was  appropriated;  in  1861  the  work 
of  building  was  begun;  and  May  24,  1864,  the  buildings  were  dedicated, 
and  a  month  later  were  formally  opened  for  patients.  The  buildings  front 
on  Harrison  Avenue,  and  occupy  the  square,  containing  nearly  seven  acres, 
bounded  by  Harrison  Avenue  and  Concord,  Albany,  and  Springfield  Streets. 
The  hospital  buildings  present  a  beautiful  and  unique  appearance.  When 
substantially  completed  and  occupied  in  1864,  the  hospital  consisted  of  a 
central  or  administration  building,  two  three-story  medical  and  surgical 
pavilions,  and  the  necessary  auxiliary  buildings,  including  boiler-house  and 
laundry.  To  these  were  added,  in  1865,  a  two-story  building  for  isolating 
wards  ;  a  small  building,  at  the  main  entrance  to  the  grounds,  containing 
rooms  for  out-patients  ;  and  an  addition  for  dead-house,  morgue,  and  autopsy- 
room.  In  1874  a  medical  building,  a  surgical  building,  each  three  stories 
high  with  basements,  two  one-story  surgical  and  medical  pavilions,  and  a  low 
building  for  kitchen,  bakery,  and  other  purposes,  were  erected.  The  total 
cost  of  the  buildings  alone  was  $610,000.  The  hospital  has  at  present  385 
beds ;  and,  when  the  plan  is  fully  carried  out,  it  will  have  525  beds. 

Residents  of  the  city  suffering  from  sickness,  unable  to  pay  for  treat- 
ment, are  treated  gratuitously.  Persons  accidentally  injured  are  received  at 
all  hours,  and  the  ambulances  are  ready  for  service  on  call.  Out-patients 
are  also  treated.  Once  a  week  operations  are  performed  in  the  amphi- 
theatre before  physicians  and  surgeons.  A  training-school  for  nurses  is 
also  connected  with  the  hospital,  which  affords  unsurpassed  opportunities 
for  the  education  of  trained  nurses.  There  are  62  pupils,  and  Miss  Linda 
Richards  is  superintendent  of  nurses.  Since  the  opening  of  the  City 
Hospital,  71,336  persons  have  been  examined  for  admission,  and  52,474  of 
them  were  admitted ;  9,568  persons  accidentally  injured,  and  146,779  out- 
patients, have  been  treated.  During  the  past  year,  there  were  treated  4,382 
persons  in  the  hospital,  and  16,397  out-patients;  visits  to  the  hospital, 
38,676.  The  chief  individual  benefactor  of  the  hospital  was  Elisha  Good- 
now,  who  gave  property  valued  at  $21,000.  The  superintendent  and  resi- 
dent physician  is  Dr.  George  H.  M.  Rowe. 

The  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital  was  incorporated  in  1855, 
but  was  not  established  and  opened  for  patients  till  1871.  The  first  five 
years  it  occupied  a  house  in  Burroughs  Place.  Its  friends  having  raised,  by 
means  of  a  grand  fair,  the  sum  of  $76,000,  land  was  purchased  of  the  city, 
and  the  present  beautiful  structure  was  erected  on  East  Concord  Street. 
This  building  was  opened  to  patients  in  May,  1876;  and  in  thorough  ventila- 
tion, delightful  temperature  summer  and  winter,  bright  and  sunny  wards  and 
private  rooms,  together  with  all  necessary  conveniences  and  comforts,  it  has 
proved  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  hospitals  ever  built.     It  has  received 


o 


i 
m 

CD 

o 

w 

H 

o 


•< 


O 


216  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF    BOSTON. 

and  provided  (or  upwards  of  1.122  patients,  with  a  mortality  of  about  five 
per  cent.  The  patients  are  provided  with  the  best  food  and  care;  and  vet 
its  affairs  have  been  managed  with  such  economv  that  the  cost  has  been 
much  less  than  in  similar  hospitals.  Severe  and  often  hopeless  cases  have 
resorted  here  for  treatment  with  great  benefit.  President,  Charles  R. 
Codman. 

The  Carney  Hospital,  founded  by  the  gift  of  £13,500  from  Andrew  Car- 
nev,  was  incorporated  in  1865,  and  occupies  a  sightly  position  on  Old  Har- 
bor Street,  South  Boston.  Its  situation,  in  the  judgment  of  experienced 
physicians,  is  the  very  best  in  New  England.  Standing  on  Dorchester 
Heights,  near  the  intrenchment  erected  by  Washington,  it  commands  an 
extensive  view  over  the  city  on  one  side,  and  Massachusetts  Bay  on  the 
other.  In  summer  the  hospital  is  cooled  by  the  sea-breezes  ;  and  the  con- 
valescents enjoy  a  beautiful  prospect  from  their  beds,  watching  meanwhile 
the  vessels  passing  in  and  out  of  the  harbor.  The  hospital  was  established 
to  afford  relief  to  the  sick  poor;  and,  though  it  is  in  charge  of  the  Sisters 
of  Charity,  it  receives  patients  of  all  religious  denominations.  Chronic, 
acute,  and  other  cases  are  received,  contagious  diseases  alone  excepted. 
Pay-patients  are  also  treated.  The  present  brick  building,  erected  in  1S68, 
forms  but  a  single  wing  of  the  projected  structure;  the  central  building 
and  other  wing  being  essential,  and  now  greatly  needed.  Contributions 
are  now  being  earnestly  solicited.  The  yearly  expenditure  amounts  to 
$30,000,  and  the  income  from  paying  patients  about  $13,000.  In  one  of 
the  wings  there  are  very  spacious  accommodations  for  the  treatment  of  out- 
patients suffering  from  general  diseases,  affections  peculiar  to  women,  and 
diseases  of  the  eye.  Over  1,000  out-patients  are  treated  yearly,  in  all  cases 
gratuitously.  It  is  thought  that  in  course  of  time  the  out-patient  depart- 
ment will  become  one  of  the  great  centres  of  medical  charity.  The  phy- 
sicians and  surgeons  in  attendance  at  the  hospital  give  their  services 
gratuitously;  anil  the  Sisters  of  Charity  connected  with  it  are  religiously 
devoted  to  the  work,  not  onlv  nursing  the  sick  and  performing  domestic 
work,  but  in  seeking  out  cases  of  distress  and  misfortune,  and  striving  to 
relieve  them. 

The  New-England  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  incorporated  in 
1863,  is  situated  on  Codman  Avenue,  Roxbury  district.  Its  land  and  build- 
ings cost  $100,000.  It  is  an  incorporated  institution,  of  which  Dr.  Marie  E. 
Zakrzcwska  may  be  considered  the  founder.  More  than  300  patients  are 
treated  at  the  hospital  during  the  vear;  about  half  the  number  being  ad- 
mitted on  free  beds,  of  which  there  are  fourteen.  It  has  medical,  surgical, 
and  maternity  wards;  and  a  dispensary  at  19  Fayette  Street  in  the  city 
proper,  where  nearly  5,000  receive  treatment  annually.  The  training-school 
for  nurses,  in  connection  with  this  hospital,  was  the  first  in  the  city,  founded 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


217 


in  1863.  Applicants  for  admission  must  be  between  the  ages  of  21  and  40, 
and  of  sound  health.  Those  admitted  are  supported  by  the  hospital  during 
the  term  of  sixteen  months,  when  diplomas  of  competency  are  bestowed 
upon  those  who  successfully  pass  through  it.  The  success  of  the  school 
has  been  most  satisfactory. 


,,--><■  _=>>. 


1 


ill 


m 


3 


Mm 


*  m 


ml 


iaiiiiiiillii 


mm 


fr 


•-.-.?.-' 


Children's  Hospital,   Huntington  Avenue. 


The  Children's  Hospital  was  incorporated  in  1869,  and  first  located  at 
1583  Washington  Street.  Children  between  two  and  twelve,  suffering  from 
acute  diseases,  are  received  and  treated,  if  poor,  gratuitously ;  but,  if  their 
parents  or  guardians  are  able  to  pay,  a  moderate  charge  is  made.  The 
hospital  has  60  beds.  The  nursing  is  under  the  direction  of  ladies  con- 
nected with  the  Protestant-Episcopal  Sisterhood  of  St.  Margaret.  A  con- 
valescent Home  was  established  at  WelleSley,  14  miles  from  the  city,  in 
1875.  Among  the  founders  of  the  hospital  were  Chandler  Robbins,  George 
H.  Kuhn,  N.  H.  Emmons,  Dr.  Francis  H.  Brown,  and  Albert  Fearing. 
Late  in  1882  the  new  and  beautiful  building  on  Huntington  Avenue  was 
occupied. 

The  House  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  at  6  McLean  Street,  incorporated  in 
i860,  is  for  the  free  treatment  of  sick  women  and  girls,  and  of  boys  under 
six,  especially  those  suffering  from  diseases  of  long  duration.  It  is  sup- 
ported by  voluntary  contributions  and  the  income  from   its  funds.      The 


2l8 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


annual  expenses  range  from  $10,000  to  $12,000.  It  is  unsectarian,  but  Epis- 
copal services  are  regularly  held.  The  largest  bequest  it  has  received  was 
from  the  late  James  H.  Foster,  who  left  by  will  $47,500.  Among  the  corpo- 
rators was  Miss  Anne  S.  Robbins,  who  has  given,  from  the  start,  her  whole 
time  to  the  hospital,  residing  in  it,  and  superintending  its  details  with  the 
aid  of  a  matron.  The  other  corporators  were  Mrs.  George  C.  Shattuck, 
Mrs.  G.  Howland  Shaw,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Appleton,  Mrs.  N.  Thayer,  Horace 
Gray,  and  Henry  P.  Sturgis. 

The  Children's  Sea-Shore  Home,  at  Winthrop,  is  one  of  the  most 
practical  of  works;  and,  since  its  establishment  in  1875,  ft  nas  accom- 
plished an  unexpected  and  most  gratifying  amount  of  good.  Its  object 
is  to  give  to  poor  children  suffering  from  disease,  and  those  recovering, 
the  great  advantage  of  the  sea-breezes.  A  competent  physician  resides  at 
the  house  ;  and  the  nurses  are  most  attentive,  having  a  special  interest  in 
their  work,  most  of  them  volunteering  their  services. 

The    Consumptives'  Home,  a  hospital  for  incurables,  is  at  Grove  Hall, 

Roxbury  district, 
and  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1870,  six 
years  after  it  was 
founded  by  Dr. 
Charles  Cullis,  who 
is  still  the  manager. 
It  relies  wholly  on 
voluntary  contribu- 
tions. From  this 
source  nearly  $500,- 
000  have  been  re- 
ceived since  its 
establishment,  and 
over  2,500  pa- 
tients cared  for. 
The  Home  will  ac- 
commodate 80  pa- 
tients.    The  prem- 

Consumptives'   Home,   Grove  Hall.  jses      contajnj       be- 

sides the  Home  proper,  two  children's  homes,  a  free  chapel,  and  a  home 
for  those  afflicted  with  spinal  complaints.     . 

St.  Mary's  Infant  Asylum,  and  Lying-in  Hospital,  in  Dorchester,  is 
managed  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  by  whom  the,  institution  was  founded, 
in  1870,  for  "the  maintenance  and  support  of  foundlings,  and  orphan  and 
half-orphan  children."     It  also   accommodates   indigent  deserving  women 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  219 

during  confinement.  As  in  the  Carney  Hospital,  no  distinction  is  made 
on  account  of  religion  ;  and  no  patient  is  refused  on  account  of  her  inability 
to  pay  the  moderate  rate  asked. 

The  Channing  Home,  at  30  McLean  Street,  is  a  most  worthy  institution, 
a  home  for  incurables,  established  in  May,  1857,  by  Miss  Harriet  Ryan,  who 
afterwards  became  Mrs.  Albee.  It  was  incorporated  in  1861.  The  class  of 
patients  generally  admitted  are  those  who  need  constant  medical  assistance 
and  tender  care  ;  and  no  pay  is  taken  from  any.  Since  it  was  established,  26 
years  ago,  the  Home  has  received  over  600  patients.  It  has  now  14  inmates. 
The  president  is  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green ;  the  treasurer,  Theo.  Metcalf. 

The  Boston  Lying-in  Hospital  was  organized  in  1832,  for  the  relief  of 
poor  and  deserving  women  during  confinement.  In  its  present  quarters,  at 
Nos.  24  and  26  McLean  Street,  it  has  accommodations  for  36  patients. 
Free  cases  are  taken.  Patients  taken  in  prior  to  confinement  are  charged 
$3.50  a  week  for  board,  and  are  expected  to  perform  any  light  duty  required 
of  them.  The  lowest  price  for  confinement  is  $20,  which  also  pays  for  two 
weeks  next  succeeding  confinement ;  and,  as  a  rule,  no  case  is  kept  longer 
than  two  weeks  after  confinement. 

The  Hospital  of  the  Public  Institutions  is  located  on  Deer  Island,  and 
has  a  branch  at  Rainsford  Island.  Patients  are  received  from  the  city 
almshouse,  the  House  of  Industry,  and  the  House  of  Reformation  for 
Juvenile  Offenders. 

The  Boston  Lunatic  Hospital,  on  First  Street,  South  Boston,  is  a  city 
institution,  under  the  management  of  the  Board  of  Directors  for  Public 
Institutions.  The  main  building  was  built  in  1839;  and  the  two  wings  were 
added  in  1846.  New  wings  and  other  improvements  have  recently  been 
added,  including  steam-heat  and  good  ventilating  apparatus.  With  the 
yards  and  gardens,  the  buildings  occupy  five  acres.  The  hospital  has  a 
capacity  for  200  patients.  Its  use  is  now  restricted  to  those  who  have  a 
settlement,  so  termed,  in  the  city.  The  poor  are  admitted  without  charge. 
Patients  are  committed  to  the  hospital  by  the  judge  of  probate  for  Suffolk 
County,  on  application  at  the  office  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  at  30  Pember- 
ton  Square.  Not  one-fourth  of  the  Boston  insane  people  can  be  accommo- 
dated here.     Dr.  Theodore  W.  Fisher  is  superintendent. 

Diet  Kitchens,  established  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  furnish  prompt 
and  temporary  relief  for  the  sick  poor.  Plain,  nourishing  food  is  here  pre- 
pared, and  given  out  daily,  at  all  hours,  on  the  orders  of  the  dispensary  and 
other  physicians. 

The  Boston  Dispensary,  founded  in  1796  and  incorporated  in  1801,  is  the 
oldest  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  city,  and  the  third  in  the  country.  The 
central  office  is  situated  at  Bennet  and  Ash  Streets,  near  the  centre  of  pop- 
ulation of  the  city  proper,  over  which  its  operations  are  extended.     Physi- 


220 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


cians  are  in  attendance  daily,  at  stated  hours,  who  treat  men,  women,  and 
children,  perform  surgical  operations,  and  dispense  medicines.  Much 
practical  work  is  also  done  outside  the  central  office.  The  city  proper  is 
divided  into  nine  districts,  and  to  each  is  assigned  a  physician,  whose  duty 
it  is  to  care  for  those  unable  to  leave  their  homes.  The  dispensary  is  sup- 
ported by  funds  heretofore  contributed,  and  by  private  charity.  An  idea 
of   the   ex-  _^ 

tent  of  its 
work  can 
be  formed, 
when  it  is 
stated  that 
since  July, 
1856,  over 
600,000  pa- 
tients have 
been  treat- 
ed at  the 
central  oi- 
fice  and  in 
the  d  i  s- 
tricts.  A- 
beut  35,000 
patients 

are  treated  yearly.  The  staff  of  physicians  and  surgeons  at  the  central 
office  give  their  services  gratuitously^  and  those  serving  in  the  districts 
at  a  very  small  compensation.  In  the  Charlestown  and  Roxbury  districts, 
there  are  also  free  dispensaries.  That  in  the  Charlestown  district  was  or- 
ganized in  1872,  and  incorporated  the  next  year.  It  is  located  at  No.  27 
Harvard  Square.  Its  founders  were  Richard  Frothingham,  Edward  Law- 
rence, T.  R.  Lambert,  John  T.  Whiting,  and  Charles  E.  Grinnell.  The 
Roxbury  dispensary  was  founded  in  1841,  but  has  since  been  merged  in 
the  Roxbury  Charitable  Society,  founded  in  1794,  and  its  duties  discharged 
by  the  latter  society,  whose  office  is  at  No.  118  Roxbury  Street,  Roxbury 
district. 

The  Homoeopathic  Medical  Dispensary  in  1856,  its  first  year  of  incor- 
poration, treated  195  patients.  Its  work  has  steadily  augmented  year  by 
year,  and  in  1882  it  furnished  upwards  of  30,545  prescriptions  to  11,382 
patients.  The  central  office,  at  14  Burroughs  Place,  is  open  daily  from  10  to 
12.  The  college  branch  occupies  the  basement  of  the  building  of  the  Boston 
University.  School  of  Medicine  in  East  Concord  Street,  and  is  divided  into 
the  following  departments  :  medical,  surgical,  dental,  eye  and  ear,  women's. 


Boston  Dispensary,   Bennet  and  Ash  Streets. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


221 


children's,  chest,  throat,  and  skin.  There  are  connected  with  this  branch  24 
physicians.  With  the  aid  of  the  college  faculty,  clinical  instruction  in  the 
various  departments  is  furnished  to  the  medical  students.  The  West-End 
branch,  in  the  Charity  Building,  Chardon  Street,  is  open  daily  from  10  to 
12,  and,  in  addition  to  the  general  department,  has  also  one  under  the  care 
of  women  physicians,  for  the  diseases  of  their  sex.  The  whole  dispensary  is 
supported  mainly  by  a  fund  raised  by  a  fair  held  in  1859  in  the  Music  Hall, 
which  netted  $13,000,  the  income  of  which  has  provided  treatment  for  80,000 
sick  persons.  The  large  number  who  now  flock  to  it  will  render  additional 
funds  necessary. 

The  Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Women,  at  18  Staniford  Street,  was 
organized  in  1873,  and  is  made  available  for  the  purposes  of  clinical  instruc- 
tion.    It  is  in  charge  of  Dr.  James  R.  Chadwick  and  Dr.  John  C.  Fallow. 

The  Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Children,  at  the  same  place  and  for  the 
same  purposes,  is  in  charge  of  Dr.  Charles  P.  Putnam. 

The  Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  was  originated  in 
1824  by  Drs.  Edward  Reynolds  and  John  Jeffries,  and  was  incorporated  in 


Massachusetts  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary. 

1826.     During  the  first  year,  there  were  treated  at  the   Infirmary  698  pa- 
tients ;  and  the  number  has  steadily  increased,  compelling  the  institution  to 


222  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

be  removed  from  place  to  place,  until  1850,  when  the  present  building,  on 
Charles  near  Cambridge  Street,  was  erected.  The  building  is  of  brick,  and 
has  two  wings.  The  main  building  measures  67  by  44  feet.  In  the  base- 
ment are  kitchens,  wash-rooms,  laundry,  etc. ;  in  the  first  story  are  receiv- 
ing and  reading  rooms ;  in  the  wings  are  the  male  wards,  with  operating, 
apothecary,  and  bath  rooms ;  in  the  second  story  are  accommodations  for 
the  matron  and  the  female  wards.  The  building  is  surrounded  by  a  yard, 
and  is  shut  out  from  the  street  by  a  high  wall.  The  work  is  rapidly  out- 
growing the  accommodations.  In  1880  no  less  than  10,000  patients  were 
treated.  The  annual  increase  for  the  past  few  years  has  been  about  800. 
The  name  of  the  institution  has  been  a  hinderance  to  its  growth,  leading  the 
community  to  believe  it  to  be  a  State  charity,  and  thereby  averting  dona- 
tions that  would  probably  come  to  it,  and  which  are  really  needed  to  carry 
on  its  great  work.  Patients  from  all  parts  of  this  continent  are  treated  at 
this  Infirmary,  which  is  one  of  the  most  important,  but  at  the  same  time 
one  of  the  most  poorly-supported,  charities  in  the  State.  Dr.  George  Sted- 
man  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Free  Hospital  for  Women,  at  60  East  Springfield  Street,  estab- 
lished in  1875,  for  poor  and  worthy  women  who  suffer  from  diseases 
peculiar  to  their  sex,  is  supported  by  contributions  from  individuals  and 
religious  societies.  Any  individual  or  society  supporting  a  bed  has  the 
right  to  fill  it  with  any  suffering  and  needy  woman,  provided  the  medical 
staff  pronounce  her  case  a  proper  one  for  treatment  here.  The  hospital 
contains  20  beds. 

St.  Luke's  Home,  established  in  October,  1870,  and  incorporated  Janu- 
ary, 1872,  provides  gratuitous  medical  treatment  to  women  who  are  con- 
valescent from  disease.  The  Home,  which  is  situated  on  Roxbury  Street, 
Highland  district,  can  accommodate  40  patients. 

St.  Joseph's  Home,  Nos.  41,  43,  and  45,  East  Brookline  Street,  is  in 
charge  of  the  Sisters  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis.  It  was  established 
in  1862,  and  incorporated  in  1867.  In  one  building,  32  orphans  are  sup- 
ported and  educated ;  and  in  the  other  two  are  homes  for  destitute  people, 
who  cannot  labor,  of  whom  from  80  to  100  are  kept  here,  free  of  charge. 
Food  is  also  supplied  here  to  sixty  indigent  families. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  78  Waltham  Street,  is  in  charge  of  the  Sisters 
of  St.  Francis.  It  was  established  in  1867,  and  incorporated  in  1872,  for 
medical  and  surgical  treatment  of  diseases  peculiar  to  women.  Most  of  the 
patients  are  free,  and  the  sick  poor  of  any  denomination  are  admitted. 

The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  was  formed  in  1 781.  It  includes 
17  distinct  societies,  which  together  have  a  membership  of  over  1,400  physi- 
cians practising  in  Massachusetts.  The  by-laws  provide  that  a  member 
must  possess  the  following  among  other  qualifications  :  — 


-     KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  223 

"  That  he  is  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age ;  that  he  is  of  sound 
mind  and  good  moral  character;  that  he  has  a  good  general  English  educa- 
tion ;  that  he  has  a  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  experimental  philosophy, 
that  he  has  such  an  acquaintance  with  the  Latin  language  as  is  necessary 
for  a  good  medical  and  surgical  education ;  that  he  has  studied  medicine 
and  surgery  three  full  years  under  the  direction,  and  attended  the  practice, 
of  some  reputable,  regularly  educated  physician  or  physicians  ;  that  he  has 
attended  two  terms  of  study,  or  two  full  courses  of  lectures  in  separate 
years,  at  an  authorized  medical  school,  recognized  by  the  councillors  of  said 
society,  and  possesses  a  diploma  or  its  equivalent  from  such  school  that  he 
does  not  profess  to  cure  diseases  by,  nor  intend  to  practise,  spiritualism, 
homoeopathy,  allopathy,  Thomsonianism,  eclecticism,  or  any  other  irregu- 
lar or  exclusive  system,  generally  recognized  as  such  by  the  profession  or 
declared  so  by  the  councillors  of  said  society  ;  and  by  a  further  examina- 
tion, a  part  of  which  shall  be  in  writing,  that  he  has  an  adequate  knowledge 
of  anatomy,  pathological  anatomy,  physiology,  general  and  medical  chemis- 
try, materia  medica,  therapeutics,  midwifery,  the  theory  and  practice  of 
medicine,  clinical  medicine,  surgery,  clinical  surgery,  hygiene,  and  public 
hygiene." 

The  Old  Morgue  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  board  of  health  in  1873, 
and  in  1879  was  thoroughly  remodelled.  The  superintendent  is  present  in 
the  afternoon,  when  bodies  are  there  for  identification.  The  morgue  proper 
is  a  small  room,  with  a  single  stone  in  its  centre  for  the  exhibition  of  bodies 
for  recognition.  Adjoining  it  is  an  autopsy-room.  Keys  are  placed  at  the 
engine-house  adjoining,  and  at  the  city  undertaker's,  where  they  can  be 
sought  in  case  of  emergency. 

The  New  Morgue  is  connected  with  the  City  Hospital,  and  is  of  a 
modern  style,  and  fitted-up  somewhat  like  the  Paris  morgue.  Four  bodies 
cau  be  exposed  for  recognition  at  a  time. 

The  Medical  Examiner  is  an  office  that  was  substituted  for  that  of 
coroner,  which  was  abolished  in  1877  by  act  of  the  legislature.  In  the 
place  of  forty  or  fifty  commissioned  officers,  some  of  whom  were  of  ques- 
tionable integrity,  and  not  properly  qualified,  the  work  of  making  special 
investigations  of  the  causes  of  sudden  or  mysterious  deaths,  when  such  are 
deemed  necessary,  is  performed  by  two  men,  physicians  in  good  standing, 
called  medical  examiners.  These  are  commissioned  by  the  governor,  serve 
for  seven  years,  and  receive  $3,000  a  year  as  salary.  The  present  medical 
examiners  for  Suffolk  County  are  Francis  A.  Harris  and  Frank  W.  Draper. 
Whenever  they  deem  a  formal  inquest  necessary  in  any  case,  it  is  brought 
before  the  local  courts.  By  this  change  a  large  saving  is  made  to  the 
county  treasuries,  there  is  less  liability  of  abuse,  and  a  more  satisfactory  result 
is  obtained. 


224  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

The  Boston  Medical  Association,  organized  in  1 806,  holds  its  meetings 
annually,  on  the  first  Monday  in  May.  Its  objects  are  to  regulate  the 
charges  of  physicians,  and  to  aid  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  medical 
profession.     Its  secretary  is  Dr.  E.  H.  Brigham. 

The  Boylston  Medical  Society  of  Harvard  University  was  founded  in 
181  r,  and  incorporated  in  1823,  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  emulation  and 
inquiry  among  the  students  at  the  Medical  School.  The  president  is  always 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society.  Ward  Nicholas  Boylston, 
the  founder  of  this  society,  left  it  a  fund  from  which  prizes  are  given  to 
those  members  of  the  society  whose  medical  dissertations  are  most  ap- 
proved. The  president  is  Dr.  M.  H.  Richardson,  and  the  secretary  is  C.  S. 
Holden. 

The  Boston  Society  for  Medical  Improvement  was  organized  in  1828, 
and  incorporated  in  1839,  for  the  cultivation  of  confidence  and  good  feeling 
between  members  of  the  profession,  the  eliciting  and  imparting  of  informa- 
tion upon  the  different  branches  of  medical  science,  and  the  establishment 
of  a  museum  and  library  of  pathological  anatomy.  The  secretary  is  Dr. 
T.  M.  Rotch. 

The  Boston  Society  for  Medical  Observation  was  organized  in  1846,  to 
make  its  members  good  observers  of  disease,  to  collect  and  arrange  accu- 
rately recorded  facts  in  furtherance  of  the  cause  of  medical  science,  and  to 
publish  from  time  to  time  the  results  of  the  examination  of  such  facts. 
The  original  society  in  1835  was  composed  chiefly  of  students,  and  was 
founded  on  the  plan  of  a  Paris  association.  Dr.  A.  M.  Sumner  is  the  secre- 
tary. 

The  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  was  organized  in 
1840,  and  incorporated  in  1856,  and  is  the  oldest  society  of  this  school  in 
the  country.  It  has  200  active  members ;  holds  its  annual  meeting  on  the 
second  Wednesday  of  April,  and  its  semi-annual  meeting  in  October.  Its 
meetings  are  earnest  and  interesting,  and  are  attended  by  many  physicians 
who  are  not  of  the  homoeopathic  faith.  It  publishes  each  year  a  volume. of 
transactions.  Its  officers  are  :  A.  M.  Cushing,  M.D.,  of  Boston,  president; 
Herbert  A.  Chase,  M.D.,  of  Cambridge,  secretary;  H.  C.  Clapp,  M.D.,  of 
Boston,  treasurer. 

The  Boston  Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  holds  its  meetings  in  the 
Medical  College,  East  Concord  Street,  on  the  second  Thursday  of  each 
month.     It  has  100  members.     Horace  Packard,  M.D.,  is  secretary. 

The  Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy  was  incorporated  in  1852.  Its 
main  objects  are  to  regulate  the  instruction  of  apprentices,  to  diffuse  infor- 
mation among  the  members  of  the  profession,  and  to  discountenance  the 
sale  of  spurious,  adulterated,  and  inferior  articles.  Applicants  for  admission 
to  its  membership  must  have  been  actively  engaged  in  the  wholesale  or  retail 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  225 

drug  business.  There  is  a  School  of  Pharmacy,  under  the  control  of  the 
college,  before  which  lectures  are  delivered  during  the  winter  season ;  and 
the  degree  of  graduates  in  pharmacy  is  conferred  upon  students  who  go 
through  the  whole  course,  and  satisfactorily  pass  the  examination.  The 
college,  for  its  lecture-room  and  laboratory,  occupies  the  third  story  of  the 
Old  Franklin  Schoolhouse,  11 51  Washington  Street;  the  rooms  being 
granted  free  of  rent  by  the  city  of  Boston.  There  are  about  200  members 
of  the  college,  and  100  students  attending  the  school.  The  laboratory  is 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  thoroughly  equipped  in  the  city.  There  is  also 
a  complete  collection  of  crude  and  rare  drugs  and  of  the  finest  specimens  of 
chemicals.  The  library  contains  about  2,500  bound  volumes  and  1,500  pam- 
phlets of  works  on  pharmacy,  and  comprises  a  very  valuable  collection  of 
its  kind.  It  forms  the  second  largest  pharmaceutical  library  in  the  United 
States.  The  president  is  Henry  Canning,  and  the  corresponding  secretary 
is  Charles  C.  Williams,  Ph.D. 

The  Boston  Druggists'  Association  has  a  membership  of  about  75,  in- 
cluding persons  engaged  in  the  wholesale  or  retail  drug-trade,  paint  and  oil 
firms,  medicine  houses,  and  co-ordinate  branches  of  the  trade,  in  Boston  and 
vicinity.  Its  object  is  the  furtherance  of  the  interests  of  those  lines  of 
business,  and  to  afford  the  men  engaged  in  them  an  opportunity  of  meeting 
with  one  another  on  social  terms  "around  the  festive  mahogany."  The 
monthly  dinners  are  held  at  the  Parker  House.  The  society  was  organized 
in  1875;  and  its  officers  are:  president,  Thomas  Doliber;  secretary,  Henry 
Canning. 

Our  limited  space  forbids  the  further  sketching  of  the  several  medical 
societies  of  Boston.  Among  those  not  heretofore  mentioned  are  the  Ob- 
stetrical Society,  organized  in  i860;  Boston  Society  of  Medical  Sciences, 
1869;  South-Boston  Medical  Club,  1873;  Association  of  Life-Insurance 
Examiners,  1873;  Boston  Microscopical  Society,  1874;  Roxbury  Society 
for  Medical  Improvement,  1867;  Dorchester  Medical  Club,  1866;  Walker 
Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  1872. 

The  Washingtonian  Home  was  organized  in  1857,  and  incorporated  in 
March,  1S59,  for  the  cure  of  men  addicted  to  intemperance.  Its  present 
location  is  in  building  No.  41  Waltham  Street;  and  its  income  is  entirely 
derived  from  board  and  treatment  of  the  inmates.  Since  the  beginning:  it 
has  received  about  7,000  inmates,  .many  of  whom  have  been  free  patients. 
For  a  time  the  State  aided  it.     Dr.  Albert  Day  is  the  superintendent. 

The  Adams  Nervine  Asylum  was  incorporated  in  1877,  and  opened  in 
1880.  Its  projector  was  the  late  Seth  Adams,  a  wealthy  Boston  sugar-refiner, 
resident  in  Newton,  who  bequeathed  for  its  establishment  property  valued 
at  the  magnificent  sum  of  $600,000.  It  is  a  curative  institution,  for  the 
benefit  of  indigent,  debilitated,  nervous  people,  inhabitants  of   the  State, 


226 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


who  are  not  insane.  Its  beautiful  site  is  in  the  Jamaica-Plain  district,  and 
comprises  24  acres  (the  estate  of  the  late  J.  Gardner  Weld),  on  Centre 
Street,  adjoining  the  property  of  the  Bussey  Institution.  The  building 
accommodates    30   patients.     The   incorporators    were    John    N.    Barbour, 


The  Adams   Nervine  Asylum. 


James  C.  Davis,  Aquila  Adams,  Emory  Washburn,  Alpheus  Hardy,  Samuel 
Eliot,  Charles  H.  Dalton,  James  B.  Thayer,  William  Clafiin,  John  E.  Tyler, 
Amor  L.  Hollingsworth,  James  Longley,  Samuel  A.  Green,  Robert  Willard, 
Caleb  W.  Loring,  Samuel  D.  Warren,  Rufus  Ellis,  Joseph  Burnett,  S.  B. 
Stebbins,  Charles  F.  Choate.     The  superintendent  is  Dr.  Frank  W.  Page. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTOA.  227 


Eije  Bones  of  tije  Cttg. 

THE   OLD   BURIAL   PLACES   AND   TOMBS,    AND   THE   NEW 

CEMETERIES. 

THE  cemeteries  in  the  city  proper  are  ancient  burial-places,  which  are 
not  used  nowadays,  the  city  having  forbidden  by  ordinance  all  burials 
in  graves  in  the  city  proper,  interment  in  tombs  only  being  allowed ;  but 
they  are  maintained  and  respected  for  the  hallowed  dust  they  contain,  and 
for  their  historic  associations.  Now  and  then  utilitarians  agitate  their 
removal  for  some  public  "  improvement ;  "  but  the  influence  of  the  conserva- 
tive Bostonian,  jealous  of  his  city's  good  name  and  reputation,  is  promptly 
brought  to  bear,  and  thus  the  dead  are  respected,  and  the  ancient  grave- 
yards, the  most  interesting  of  the  old  landmarks,  are  saved  from  the  hand 
of  desecration. 

The  King's  Chapel  Burying-Ground  is  believed  to  be  the  oldest  in  the 
city,  though  the  exact  date  of  its  establishment  is  not  known.  Situated  in  a 
busy  part  of  the  town,  and  crowded  into  narrow  compass,  under  the  shadow 
of  the  quaint  old  church,  it  is  a  most  interesting  spot,  as  it  contains  the 
remains  of  Gov.  John  Winthrop,  his  son  and  grandson  who  were  governors 
of  Connecticut ;  Gov.  Shirley  ;  Lady  Andros,  the  wife  of  Gov.  Andros ;  John 
Cotton ;  John  Davenport,  the  founder  of  New  Haven,  Conn. ;  John  Oxen- 
bridge  ;  Thomas  Bridge  ;  and  other  well-known  personages  of  the  olden 
time.  Burials  ceased  here,  as  a  rule,  in  1796.  Unfortunately  the  grave- 
stones were  moved  from  their  original  places  some  years  ago  by  a  city  offi- 
cer possessed  of  the  mania  for  "  improvement,"  and  placed  in  rows,  so  that 
it  is  now  impossible  to  tell  the  location  of  any  given  grave.  At  one  time 
during  the  last  century  a  great  deal  of  excitement  was  occasioned  by  a 
rumor  that  some  one  had  been  buried  alive  in  this  burial-ground;  but  the 
affair  terminated  peacefully  when  the  doctors  who  had  attended  the  deceased 
testified  in  the  matter. 

The  Old  Granary  Burying-Ground,  between  the  Park-street  Church  and 
the  Tremont  House,  dates  from  1660,  and  contains  the  graves  of  many 
famous  men,  including  eight  governors  of  the  early  day,  —  Bellingham, 
Dummer,  Hancock,  Adams,  Bowdoin,  Sullivan,  Eustis,  and  Sumner ;  the 
Wendells,  Lydes,  Checkleys,  and  Byfields ;  Peter  Faneuil,  Dr.  John  Jeffries, 
Uriah  Cotting,  Judge  Samuel  Sewall,  John  Hull,  Paul  Revere ;  Thomas 
Cushing,  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  council  which  was  the  executive  of 


228 


KING'S  HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


Massachusetts,  and  at  another  lieutenant-governor;  the  Rev.  Drs.  Eckley, 
Belknap,  Stillman,  Lathrop,  and  Baldwin ;  the  parents  of  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin ;  and  the  victims  of  the  Boston  Massacre.  The  territory  was  once  a 
part  of  the  Common ;  and  the  old  town  granary,  which  formerly  stood 
where  the  Park-street  Church  now  stands,  gave  to  the  cemetery  its  name. 

It  is  protected  by 
a  substantial  iron 
fence,  with  an  im- 
posing gateway  in 
its  centre  ;  and  on 
the  sidewalk  in 
front  of  it  stood, 
until  a  few  years 
ago,  a  row  of  no- 


ble trees,  known 
as  the  Paddock 
elms,  which  were 
imported  from 
England,  and  set 
out  in  1762  by 
Capt.  Adino  Pad- 
dock, a  wealthy 
carriage  -  builder, 
and  a  leading  loy- 
alist during  the 
revolutionary 
struggle,  who  left 
These  trees  were 


Gateway  to  the  Granary  Burying-Ground,  Tremont  Street. 

the  city  with  the  British  when  it  was  evacuated  in  1776. 
removed,  to  the  great  grief  and  indignation  of  many  old  citizens,  to  meet 
a  demand  of  the  street-railways.  Inside  the  enclosure,  however,  are  many 
fine  trees ;  and,  though  they  do  not  shade  the  busy  throngs  which  hurry 
by,  they  contribute  much  to  the  picturesque  appearance  of  the  old  burying- 
ground  with  its  winding  narrow  paths,  and  its  old  graves  and  sombre  tombs. 

The  Central  Burying-Ground,  originally  called  the  South  Burying- 
Ground,  is  the  only  other  cemetery  in  this  section  of  the  city.  It  is  a  small 
one  on  the  Common,  near  Boylston  Street.  It  was  established  in  1756.  The 
British  soldiers  who  died  of  disease  during  the  occupation  of  the  city,  and 
those  who  died  of  wounds  received  at  Bunker  Hill,  were  buried  here.  The 
grave  of  M.  Julien  the  restaurateur,  whose  name  has  been  given  to  a  kind  of 
soup  which  he  made,  is  also  here. 

The  Copp's-Hill  Burying-Ground,  three  acres  in  dimensions,  at  the 
North  End,  near  the  old  Christ  Church,  was  the  second  burial-place  estab- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


229 


The  Mather  Tomb,  Copp's  Hill. 


lished  in  Boston,  and  was  first  used  for  interments  in  1660.     It  was  originally 

called  the  North  Burying-Place.      The  oldest  gravestone  bears  the  date  of 

1625.     There  are  many  quaint  epitaphs,  some  of  which  are  illegible  from 

age.     Among  the  illustrious  dead  who  were 

buried  in  this  ground  are  Edmund  Hartt, 

builder  of  the  frigate   "  Constitution,"  the 

Rev.   Drs.    Increase,    Cotton,   and    Samuel 

Mather,  Andrew  and  John  Eliot.     A  willow 

standing   in   the   north-east   corner   of   the 

grounds  was  brought  from  Napoleon's  grave 

at  St.  Helena.     In  the  Revolutionary  times 

the  British  soldiers  occupied  Copp's  Hill  as 

a  military  station :  it  is  told  that  they  found 

sport  in  firing  bullets  at  the  gravestones,  the  marks  of  which  can  still  be 

seen  on  some  of  them.     When  the  hill  was  cut  down,  the  burying-ground 

was  left  untouched,  and  its  embankment  is  now  protected  by  a  high  stone 

wall.      It  is  an  attractive  spot,  in  a  part   of   the  city,  which,  once  quite 

aristocratic,  now  possesses  little  attraction.     From  its  high  grounds  a  fine 

and  extensive  view  can  be  had. 

The  Old  Charlestown  Burial-Ground,  on  Phipps  Street,  Charlestown, 
is  spoken  of  in  the  records  for  the  first  time  in  1648.  The  earliest  grave- 
stone is  that  of  Maud,  the  wife  of  William  Russell,  bearing  the  date  of 
1642.  The  tombstones  in  this  graveyard  are  about  the  only  antiquities  in 
Charlestown,  almost  every  building  in  the  place  having  been"  burned  by  the 
British  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Thomas  Beecher,  one  of  the  original 
settlers,  ancestor  of  the  famous  Beecher  family,  and  John  Harvard,  the 
founder  of  Harvard  College,  are  buried  here. 

Forest-Hills  Cemetery  is  a  beautiful  burial-ground  in  the  West-Roxbury 
district,  about  5  miles  from  the  centre  of  the  city.  It  includes  about  225 
acres,  and  is  finely  laid  out,  on  high  ground.  Miles  of  winding  avenues'and 
foot-paths  lead  over  hills  and  through  little  valleys  and  glades.  To  the  excep- 
tional natural  beauties  of  the  place  are  added  the  artistic  effects  produced 
by  landscape-gardening.  In  the  summer  a  profusion  of  flowers  and  shrubs 
is  seen  on  every  hand.  There  are  pretty  little  lakes,  handsome  rural  groves, 
and  on  the  heights  one  catches  glimpses  of  beautiful  distant  scenery.  The 
main  entrance  is  from  Morton  Street,  through  an  ornamental  stone  gate- 
way, on  the  outer  face  of  which  is  the  inscription,  "  I  am  the  Resurrection 
and  the  Life."  On  the  inner  face  are  the  words,  "He  that  keepeth  thee 
will  not  slumber."  There  are  other  entrances  on  the  south  and  east,  from 
Canterbury  and  Walk-Hill  Streets.  From  the  main  entrance,  three  carriage- 
drives  diverge  towards  different  parts,  of  the  grounds.  The  old  wooden 
observatory  has  been  replaced  by  a  stone  observatory  and  bell-tower,  on 


230  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

Snowflake  Cliff,  overlooking  a  very  charming  suburban  prospect.  Four 
eminences  farther  south  are  named  Eliot  Hills,  after  the  Indian  apostle 
John  Eliot,  to  whom  a  monument  will  be  erected  here.  On  Warren  Hill  is 
the  tomb  of  Gen.  Joseph  Warren,  the  lamented  hero  of  Bunker  Hill.  On 
Dearborn  Hill  is  a  monument  to  Gen.  H.  A.  S.  Dearborn,  who  originally 
laid  out  the  grounds.  Near  Lake  Hibiscus  and  at  the  foot  of  Dearborn 
Hill  is  the  Grotto,  or  Rockery,  with  natural  springs,  fountains,  and  rare 
tropical  plants.  In  Lake  Dell  is  a  picturesque  sheet  of  water,  overshadowed 
by  Snow-flake  Cliff,  named  after  the  flowers  that  grow  at  its  foot.  "  Lake 
Hibiscus  "  is  the  largest  pond.  Near  Lake  Dell  is  a  fine  receiving-tomb  of 
granite.  Among  the  most  interesting  monuments  is  a  block  of  rough  granite 
from  the  Kearsarge  Mountain,  which  marks  the  resting-place  of  Admiral 
Winslow.  There  is  also  a  fine  bronze  statue  in  the  soldiers'  lot,  erected  by 
the  city  of  Roxbury,  in  memory  of  her  citizen  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  war, 
and  which  is  noticed  in  another  place.  This  cemetery  was  established  by 
the  city  of  Roxbury  before  its  annexation,  and  was  consecrated  in  1848. 

Mount-Hope  Cemetery  is  near  Forest  Hills,  in  the  West-Roxbury  dis- 
trict, and  now  belongs  to  the  city.  It  is  managed  by  a  board  of  commis- 
sioners. The  grounds  include  io6£  acres  picturesquely  laid  out,  with 
several  ponds  and  many  fine  trees  and  shrubs.  The  main  entrance  is 
through  a  massive  gateway  of  granite  and  iron.  The  city  of  Boston  has 
erected  a  soldiers'  monument  here ;  and  Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post  7  of 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  has  a  military  memorial  composed  of 
heavy  cannon  given  by  the  National  Government.  It  is  a  simple  but  taste- 
ful monument.  On  a  triangular  stone  base  stand  three  cannon,  forming  the 
outline  of  a  pyramid,  their  mouths  meeting  at  a  common  point,  and  sup- 
porting a  fourth  ;  and  beneath  is  a  pyramid  of  cannon-balls. 

St.  Augustine  Cemetery  situated  in  South  Boston,  and  established  in 
18 1 8,  is  the  oldest  Catholic  burying-ground  in  Boston.  It  has  a  small 
chapel,  which  is  now  little  used.  Here  is  buried  the  Rev.  Francis  Antony 
Matignon,  a  French  priest,  one  of  the  earliest  Catholic  clergymen  in  Bos- 
ton. His  funeral,  on  the  21st  of  September,  181 8,  was  a  notable  event.  The 
body  was  escorted  through  the  streets  by  a  number  of  acolytes,  bearing 
lighted  candles,  and  was  temporarily  placed  in  the  Granary  Burying-Ground  : 
it  was  removed  to  South  Boston  in  the  following  spring.  Here  is  also 
buried  Dr.  Thomas  J.  O' Flaherty,  who  died  in  1839,  an^  was  somewhat 
famous  for  a  great  theological  controversy  with  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher.  There 
is  also  a  Catholic  burying-ground  in  Charlestown,  close  to  the  Church  of 
St.  Francis  de  Sales,  on  the  summit  of  Bunker  Hill ;  and  another  in  the 
Roxbury  district,  adjoining  St.  Joseph's  Church,  on  Circuit  Street,  near  For- 
est Hills.  There  are  also  two  large  cemeteries,  —  one  in  Dorchester,  and 
the  other,  Calvary,  adjoining   Mount-Hope    Cemetery, — belonging  to  the 


& 


232  KING'S    HANDBOOK'    OF    BOSTON. 

Boston  Catholic  Cemetery  Association,  which  was  first  incorporated  in 
1S57  as  the  Catholic  Cemetery  Association  in  Dorchester,  its  name  having 
been  changed  to  the  present  in  1S77.  The  Dorchester  Cemetery  is  now 
full,  containing  25,000  persons  buried  within  its  limits.  In  Calvary,  18,000 
persons  are  buried.  The  association  subsequently  bought  the  Home  Farm 
in  the  West-Roxbury  district,  close  to  the  Brookline  and  Newton  lines: 
this  was  laid  out  in  an  artistic  style  by  a  professional  landscape-gardener. 
and  dedicated  in  the  spring  of  1S70,  as  the  .Mount-Benedict  Cemetery. 
The  office  of  the  association  is  at  No.  23S2  Washington  Street.  Roxbury 
district. 

There  is  a  small  Israelitish  cemetery  in  East  Boston,  at  the  corner  of 
Byron  and  Homer  Streets.  It  was  established  by  the  society  of  Ohabei 
Shalom,  and  is  hut  100  feet  square.  A  peculiar  appearance  is  given  to 
the  place  by  all  the  tombstones  bearing  Hebrew  inscriptions,  though  some 
of  them  are  also  partly  in  English. 

Among  other  cemeteries  is  the  ancient,  almost  forgotten,  and  quite  neg- 
lected, Roxbury  burying-ground,  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Eustis 
Streets,  nearly  opposite  the  Hotel  Comfort.  The  famous  Indian  apostle, 
John  Eliot,  is  buried  here,  as  well  as  many  other  men  prominent  in  the  by- 
gone days  of  Roxbury.  There  was  formerly  a  Friends'  burying-ground  on 
Congress  Street;  but  it  was  discontinued  in  the  early  part  of  this  century, 
and  the  bodies  removed  to  Lynn.  It  is  not  generally  known  that  under 
King's  Chapel,  Christ  Church,  and  St.  Paul's  Church,  there  are  yet  tombs. 
Those  which  had  long  been  under  Park-street  Church  were  discontinued, 
and  the  bodies  removed  to  Mount  Auburn,  in  1862;  and  the  society  of  St. 
Paul's  Church  petitioned  in  the  fall  of  1878  for  leave  to  discontinue  further 
interment  in  its  tombs.  In  South  Boston  there  were  tombs  under  St. 
Matthew's  Church,  which  were  discontinued  in  1S67.  The  principal  place 
of  burial  for  the  northerly  sections  of  the  city,  including  East  Boston  and 
Charlestown,  is  Woodlawn   Cemetery  in  Everett. 

Mount  Auburn,  the  famous  cemetery  in  Cambridge  and  YVatertown,  is 
outside  of  the  city  limits,  but  directly  associated  with  Boston.  This  is  the 
oldest  garden  cemetery  in  the  United  States,  and  was  established  in  1831, 
by  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  in  connection  with  an  experi- 
mental garden.  The  idea  of  the  cemetery  originated  with  Dr.  Jacob  Bige- 
low.  who  was  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Horticultural  Society,  and  who 
had  for  many  years  realized  the  evils  arising  from  burials  under  churches,  or 
within  crowded  cities  or  towns.  In  1S35  when  a  charter  was  granted  to  "The 
Proprietors  of  the  Cemetery  of  Mount  Auburn,"  the  Horticultural  So- 
ciety, upon  condition  of  receiving  one-fourth  of  all  sales,  transferred  the 
title  to  that  corporation.  The  cemetery  comprises  about  135  acres.  Its 
principal  elevation,  surmounted  by  a  tower,  is  125  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  Charles  River,  which  winds  at  its  foot.  Many  of  the  most  eminent 
dead  of  New  England  are  buried  here. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON  233 


Eije  Social  SiUc  of  tje  (Citg. 

THE   PLAYHOUSES,    PUBLIC    HALLS,    CLUBS,     SECRET   AND 

OTHER  SOCIETIES. 

THERE  was  a  time  when  Boston,  in  respect  to  the  drama,  was  the  first 
city  in  America.  Although  that  distinction  cannot  be  claimed  now, 
there  is  still  ground  for  pride  in  the  high  position  occupied  by  the  playhouses 
of  the  city  ;  and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  in  no  other  city  in  the  United  States  do 
real  merit  and  worth  in  stage-matters  meet  with  more  generous  approbation 
or  reward.  Of  the  drama  in  its  infancy  here,  Shaw's  "  Description  of  Bos- 
ton "  (1817)  gives  the  following  interesting  sketch:  "1794,  —  the  first  regu- 
lar theatre  was  established  in  Federal  Street,  under  the  management  of 
Charles  Stuart  Powell.  In  consequence  of  a  misunderstanding  between 
him  and  the  proprietor,  Col.  Tyler  was  appointed  to  the  management ;  but, 
not  succeeding,  he  relinquished,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  Brown  Wil- 
liamson. In  the  mean  time  the  friends  of  Mr.  C.  S.  Powell  raised  a  sum 
sufficient  to  build  of  wood  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  one  of  the  most  spacious 
and  convenient  theatres  ever  erected  in  America."  This  house  was  opened 
in  1796.  Mr.  Williamson  having  failed,  in  1797,  as  manager  of  the  Federal- 
street  Theatre,  it  was  taken  by  Barrett  &  Harper.  During  the  season  this 
theatre  was  burned.  It  was  rebuilt,  and  opened  in  1798  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  Hodgkin,  who  in  1 799  failed,  and  removed  his  company  to  the 
Haymarket.  G.  L.  Barrett  then  succeeded  him,  and  failed  before  the  year 
was  out.  In  1800  Mr.  Whitlock  sunk  $4,000  there.  In  1801  Powell  & 
Harper  took  the  theatre.  The  latter  retired  the  next  year ;  and  -Mr.  Powell 
ran  the  concern  till  1806,  when  he  took  in  some  partners.  Powell  &  Duff 
were  joint  managers  in  1817.  "The  first  building  erected  purposely  for 
theatrical  entertainments  in  Boston  was  opened  the  3d  of  February,  1 794, 
with  the  tragedy  of  '  Gustavus  Vasa  Erickson,  the  Deliverer  of  Sweden.' 
The  selection  of  the  play  was  judicious,  as  it  suited  the  temper  of  the 
times."  Of  the  present  theatres,  and  most  conspicuous  public  halls,  brief 
sketches  will  be  given. 

The  Boston  Theatre  was  built  by  a  corporation,  and  was  first  opened  to 
the  public  Sept.  11,  1854,  under  the  management  of  Thomas  Barry.  It  is 
the  largest  theatre  in  New  England,  and  there  are  but  few  edifices  in  the 
world  devoted  to  the  drama  that  can  be  compared  with  it.  Under  control 
of  a  corporation    it  did  not  achieve  financial  success.      In    1863  Orlando 


234  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

Tompkins,  a  stockholder  and  director,  secured  a  controlling  interest  in  its 
destinies  ;  and  its  history  since  then  is  a  record  of  triumphs.  All  the  emi- 
nent artists  known  to  the  dramatic  and  lyric  world  have  added  to  their  honors 
by  their  efforts  on  its  stage.  Tompkins  &  Hill  are  proprietors,  and  Eugene 
Tompkins  is  manager.  The  front  exterior  of  the  building  is  not  imposing, 
but  the  interior  is  palatial.  The  lobbies,  grand  stairway,  salons,  and  retir- 
ing rooms  are  immense  and  elegant.  The  auditorium,  which  seats  3,000 
people,  is  not  surpassed  in  the  world;  at  least,  such  is  the  assurance  of 
those  who  have  had  opportunities  for  comparing  it  with  the  famous  opera- 
houses  of  Europe,  and  whose  estimates  are  worthy  of  acceptance.  The 
stage  is  supplied  with  every  appliance  which  can  aid  to  give  beauty,  effect, 
and  realism  to  scenes.  An  excellent  stock-company  is  employed.  There 
is  a  wide  front  entrance  on  Washington  Street,  and  a  rear  one  on  Mason 
Street:  the  means  of  egress  are  so  ample  and  perfect  that  1,000  people  can 
be  dismissed  in  a  minute.  The  prices  of  tickets  range  from  $1.50  to  25  cents. 
General  admission  is  50  cents.  The  treasurer  is  John  M.  Ward,  the  musi- 
cal director  N.  Lothian,  and  the  business  agent  H.  A.  M'Glenen. 

The  Globe  Theatre  is  a  short  distance  above  the  Boston  Theatre,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  Washington  Street,  and  has  entrances  on  that  thorough- 
fare, Essex  Street,  and  Hayward  Place.  It  is  the  second  "  Globe  Theatre" 
on  this  site.  The  first,  originally  named  Selwyn's  Theatre,  was  built  in  1867, 
and  in  1873  was  destroyed  by  fire.  The  present  building  was  erected  in 
1874.  John  H.  Selwyn,  Charles  Fechter,  and  W.  R.  Floyd  were  successively 
its  managers.  The  theatre  was  the  enterprise  of  Dexter  H.  Follett  and 
Arthur  Cheney.  After  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Follett,  Mr.  Cheney  continued 
as  sole  proprietor.  In  the  rebuilt  theatre  150  seats  were  held  by  gentlemen, 
each  one  having  paid  $1,000  for  his  seat;  and  to  this  extent  they  were  stock- 
holders. Mr.  Cheney  died  in  November,  1878.  He  was  succeeded  in  the 
management  by  John  Stetson,  once  a  proprietor  and  manager  of  the  Howard 
Athenaeum.  For  a  brief  season  Mr.  Stetson  conducted  the  theatre  in  con- 
junction with  Mr.  Cheney,  and  thereafter,  for  another  season,  alone.  Then 
the  theatre  was  closed  until  the  autumn  of  1879,  when  the  lessees  of  the 
estate  took  possession  of  the  property.  On  the  1st  of  January  following, 
Mr.  Stetson  obtained  from  all  the  lessees,  with  the  exception  of  Asa  P. 
Morse,  leases  of  the  theatre  for  six  months  ;  and  in  October,  1880,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining  a  satisfactory  lease  for  ten  years.  He  greatly  altered 
and  improved  the  theatre,  adding  to  its  attractiveness,  and  so  adorned  and 
beautified  it  as  to  make  it  one  of  the  most  inviting,  convenient,  and  com- 
fortable theatres.  Its  interior  is  rich  and  brilliant,  and  thoroughly  stocked 
with  theatrical  paraphernalia.  Its  stage  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  country. 
The  auditorium  is  6o  feet  in  height.  There  are  two  large  balconies,  a  row 
of  mezzanine  boxes,  and  elegant  proscenium  boxes.     A  handsome  curtain 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  235 

is  used;  and  the  scenery  is  fine  and  abundant,  no  theatre  being  better 
equipped.  The  season  of  1875-76  is  remembered  with  pleasure  by  those 
who  were  fortunate  enough  to  witness  the  admirable  little  stock-company 
then  playing  here.  The  seasons  of  1879-82  were  distinguished  for  the  bril- 
liant engagements  of  the  late  Adelaide  Neilson,  Mile.  Bernhardt,  Signor 
Salvini,  Mrs.  Langtry,  and  other  eminent  foreign  artists.  The  Globe  has 
seats  for  about  2,200. 

The  Boston  Museum  is  the  oldest  existing  theatre  in  Boston,  and  has 
long  been  an  established  favorite  with  play-goers.  Its  history  dates  back  to 
1841.  In  June  of  that  year  it  was  first  opened  to  the  public  in  a  building 
on  the  site  of  Horticultural  Hall  on  Tremont  Street;  and  in  1846  the  pres- 
ent substantial  and  attractive  structure  on  Tremont  near  Court  Street  was 
erected.  It  was  first  called  "The  Boston  Museum  and  Gallery  of  Fine 
Arts  ;  "  and  the  performances,  which  were  subordinate  to  the  exhibition  of 
curiosities  and  paintings,  consisted  of  light  musical  entertainments.  In 
1843  the  first  regular  dramatic  company  was  established.  The  opening 
performance  in  the  new  building  was  on  Nov.  2,  1846.  William  Warren, 
the  famous  veteran  comedian,  first  became  connected  with  the  Museum  in 
1847;  and  his  first  appearance  was  on  the  23d  of  August  that  year,  as  Billy 
Lackaday  in  "  Sweethearts  and  Wives."  Miss  Annie  Clarke,  who  is  now 
the  leading  lady,  began  her  career  on  the  Museum  stage  in  1861  ;  and 
Charles  Barron,  the  present  leading  man,  first  became  a  member  of  the 
company  in  1868.  The  first  stage-manager  was  W.  H.  Smith..  After  six- 
teen years'  service  he  was  succeeded  by  E.  F.  Keach,  who  had  for  nine 
years  been  the  leading  man  in  the  company.  Mr.  Keach  managed  from 
1859  until  his  death,  Jan.  31,  1864,  when  the  sole  management  was  assumed 
by  R.  M.  Field,  who  has  since  conducted  the  theatre  with  signal  success 
and  recognized  ability.  The  Museum  is  owned  by  Moses  Kimball.  It  is  a 
four-story  stone  building;  the  front  ornamented  with  three  rows  of  large 
gas-jets  with  heavy  globes,  which,  when  lighted  at  night,  well  advertise  the 
playhouse.  It  covers  20,000  square  feet  of  land,  extending  from  Tremont 
Street  through  to  Court  Square,  upon  which  there  is  an  exit.  The  audito- 
rium has  been  reconstructed  four  times,  —  in  1868,  1872,  1876,  and  1880. 
The  last  was  the  most  extensive  and  radical  reconstruction,  the  interior 
having  been  practically  rebuilt.  It  is  now  one  of  the  most  elegant  theatres 
in  appearance,  decoration,  and  furnishings,  in  the  city.  An  improved  sys- 
tem of  ventilation  has  been  introduced,  as  well  as  every  modern  improve- 
ment to  be  found  in  the  best-equipped  theatres  of  the  day.  It  has  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  1,500.  It  has  a  double  balcony,  parquet-circle,  orchestra 
and  proscenium  chairs,  and  six  private  boxes.  Prices  range  from  $1  to 
35  cents. 

The  Park  Theatre  is  located  at  617  and  619  Washington  Street,  near 


236  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

Boylston,  with  rear  exits  and  stage-entrance  on  Bumstead  Court.  It  is  on 
the  site  of  the  old  Beethoven  Hall,  was  erected  in  the  spring  of  1879,  and 
opened  to  the  public  on  April  14  of  that  year.  Its  proprietors  and  man- 
agers are  Henry  E.  Abbey  and  John  B.  Schoeffel,  who  own  the  Inter- 
national Hotel  adjoining.  These  gentlemen  also  manage  the  Grand  Opera 
House  and  the  new  National  Opera  House,  New  York.  The  Park  Theatre 
is  one  of  the  cosiest  and  most  convenient  theatres  in  the  country.  It  has 
two  circles  above  the  lower  floor.  The  latter,  as  well  as  the  two  front  rows 
of  the  first  circle,  are  furnished  with  elegant  wide  upholstered  chairs,  with 
seats  for  over  600  people.  The  first  balcony  will  accommodate  about  250; 
and  the  second,  or  "family  circle,"  has  about  250  reserved  seats,  with  a 
gallery  behind  it  which  will  accommodate  some  300  more.  The  lobbies  at 
the  rear  of  the  seats  on  the  lower  and  first  floor  give  good  standing-room 
for  a  large  number;  over  500  having  frequently  witnessed  performances 
from  these  positions.  There  are  four  proscenium  or  stage  boxes,  each  of 
which  will  accommodate  six  people.  The  stage  is  38  feet  deep,  with  a 
width  of  62  feet,  and  a  height  of  62  feet.  The  stage  opening  is  30  feet. 
The  dome  is  30  feet  above  the  lower  floor,  65  feet  deep,  and  60  wide.  An 
immense  ventilating  shaft  is  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  dome,  which  has 
several  "  arms,"  by  which  the  foul  and  heated  air  is  conveyed  from  the 
building.  The  stage  is  what  is  known  as  the  French  pattern  ;  and  the  scenes 
are  all  "box  sets,"  an  arrangement  for  the  construction,  support,  and  work- 
ing of  the  same  being  original  with  and  peculiar  to  this  house.  The  exits 
are  numerous  and  easy,  and  the  appliances  for  guarding  against  fire  are 
more  complete  than  in  any  theatre  in  the  country.  An  automatic  sprinkling- 
apparatus  is  so  arranged,  that,  should  a  fire  accidentally  occur,  that  portion 
of  the  house,  whether  front  or  back,  would  be  deluged  by  a  fine  shower. 
Only  first-class  attractions  are  engaged  at  the  Park,  many  of  the  stars  and 
combinations  being  engaged  from  year  to  year.  Mr.  Abbey  makes  frequent 
trips  to  Europe,  and  is  in  constant  correspondence  with  the  principal  Euro- 
pean managers  and  agents,  by  which  means  the  most  important  novelties 
can  always  be  secured. 

The  Bijou  Theatre  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  Melodeon  Hall  and 
Gaiety  Theatre,  in  still  earlier  times  occupied  by  the  ancient  Lion  Theatre. 
It  was  opened  in  December,  1882,  and  has  won  a  high  degree  of  popular 
favor,  under  the  skilful  management  of  Mr.  E.  H.  Hastings.  There  are 
seats  for  1,000  auditors,  on  the  orchestra-floor  and  the  broad  horse-shoe 
balcony.  The  architecture  and  decoration  are  Moorish  in  style,  with  ara- 
besque carvings,  a  Moorish  proscenium-arch,  ormolu  chandeliers,  and  a 
rich  Moorish  dome  over  the  auditorium.  The  grand  frieze  of  "  A  Mid- 
summer Night's  Dream  "  was  painted  by  Francis  Lathrop,  and  there  are 
many  very  artistic    frescos.     The    drop-curtain    is    of  peacock-blue  plush, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  237 

arabesqued;  and  the  scenery  is  quickly  handled,  by  most  ingenious  devices. 
The  house  is  heated  by  steam,  and  lighted  by  the  Edison  system.  It  is  an 
exquisite  theatre,  the  dainty  parlor  of  the  Boston  places  of  amusement. 

The  Howard  Athenaeum,  on  Howard  near  Court  Street,  was  built  and 
opened  in  1846,  on  the  site  of  the  old  Miller  Tabernacle.  The  management 
first  presented  the  legitimate  drama,  and  some  famous  performances  have 
been  given  within  its  walls.  It  is  now  the  leading  novelty  or  variety  theatre, 
and  in  that  field  has  been  very  successful.  In  18S0-S1  the  theatre  was  leased 
to  William  Harris,  who  is  still  the  general  manager.  The  Howard  seats 
1,500  people,  and  the  prices  range  from  $1  to  35  cents. 

The  Windsor  is  an  "  up-town  "  theatre,  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and 
Dover  Streets.  The  hall  was  altered  into  a  theatre  in  1878.  Its  name  was 
changed  to  "The  Windsor"  in  188 1.  G.  E.  Lothrop  is  the  proprietor.  It 
is  an  attractive  little  theatre. 

Halleck's  Alhambra  at  South-Boston  Point,  on  East  6th  Street,  near  P, 
was  built  by  Thomas  E.  Halleck  in  the  spring  of  18S0.  It  is  a  wooden 
structure,  originally  used  as  a  skating-rink ;  in  altering  it  for  employment  as 
a  theatre,  an  inclining  floor  was  adopted.  It  has  been  chiefly  a  summer 
theatre,  but  is  now  used  as  a  summer  roller-skating  rink. 

The  Dudley-street  Opera  House,  formerly  Institute  Hall,  in  the  Rox- 
bury  district,  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Dudley  Streets,  was  opened 
as  a  theatre  in  1879;  tne  interior  of  the  hall  having  been  altered  to  conform 
to  the  requirements  of  a  theatre.  It  has  an  inclined  floor,  with  opera- 
chairs  to  seat  700  persons.  The  stage  is  small  but  convenient,  and  the 
house  has  an  inviting  appearance.     Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee  is  the  proprietor. 

The  Boylston  Museum  is  a  small  variety-theatre  on  Washington  Street, 
near  Boylston.     It  is  managed  by  G.  E.  Lothrop,  and  seats  930  people. 

Summer-Garden  Theatres  were  established  in  1879  and  1880.  The 
principal  one  is  Oakland  Garden,  on  the  line  of  the  Highland  Street  Rail- 
way, in  the  Roxbury  district.  It  is  lightly  built,  for  summer  use  only.  The 
performances  are  of  the  variety  order  or  light  English  opera. 

The  Boston  Roller-Skating  Rink  is  a  new  building  at  the  corner  of  St. 
James  Avenue  and  Clarendon  Street,  where  the  favorite  modern  pastime  of 
roller-skating  is  practised  by  thousands.  The  Rink  is  225  feet  long  and  100 
feet  wide,  and  cost  $30,000.  The  floor  includes  nearly  13,000  square  feet, 
and  is  laid  with  two-inch  yellow-birch  boards,  and  bordered  by  galleries  and 
promenades.  The  interior  is  prettily  decorated  with  flags,  warmed  by 
steam,  and  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity. 

The  Olympian  Club  has  utilized  the  large  hall  of  the  Massachusetts 
Charitable  Mechanics'  Association,  on  Huntington  Avenue,  for  roller-skat- 
ing; and  during  the  winter  of  1882-83  the  vast  building  was  lighted  bril- 
liantly, and  visited  by  crowds  of  people  every  evening. 


23§ 


A'ING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


The  Boston  Music  Hall  ranks  among  the  finest  and  largest  public  halls 
in  the  world.  It  was  built  in  1S52  by  an  association  of  friends  of  music,  the 
impulse  having  been  given  at  one  of  the  annual  dinners  of  the  Harvard 
Musical  Association.  The  hall  has  no  external  architectural  features  wor- 
thy of  mention,  it  being  almost  entirely  surrounded  by  other  buildings. 
Glimpses  of  its  plain  brick  walls  are  caught  through  Hamilton  Place,  from 
Tremont  Street,  and  through  Central  Court  from  Winter  Street.  There  are 
two  entrances,  —  one  on  Central  Court,  and  the  other  on  Hamilton  Place, 
opposite  the  Park-street  Church.  The  effect  of  the  interior  is  grand  and 
imposing,  and  the  acoustic  properties  are  remarkably  fine.     The  hall  is   130 

feet  long,  78  feet  wide,  and  65  feet 
high.  Two  balconies  run  around 
three  sides  of  the  hall,  the  total 
seating  capacity  of  which  is  2.585. 
The  hall  is  lighted  by  a  line  of 
hundreds  of  gas-jets  along  the 
cornice.  The  great  organ  is  one 
of  the  largest  and  finest  in  exist- 
ence. It  was  built  by  Walcker,  in 
Ludwigsburg,  near  Stuttgart,  Ger- 
many. It  contains  5.474  pipes, 
690  of  which  are  in  the  pedal  organ  ; 
and  it  also  has  84  complete  regis- 
ters. Its  case,  designed  by  Ham- 
matt  Billings,  is  a  fine  example  of 
artistic  wood-carving.  The  organ 
was  contracted  for  in  1856,  and 
was  first  heard  by  the  public  in  a 
grand  concert  given  Nov.  2,  1S63. 
Its  cost  was  £60,000.  It  is  one  of 
the  many  attractions  to  strangers 
visiting  the  city  ;  and  during  a  large 
portion  of  the  year  weekly  concerts  are  given,  beginning  at  noon, 
to  display  its  capacity  and  power,  and  the  purity  of  its  tone.  In  front 
of  the  organ  stands  a  bronze  statue  of  Beethoven,  said  to  be  the  finest 
portrait-statue  in  America.  In  a  niche  in  the  opposite  wall  is  a  copy  of  the 
Belvedere  Apollo:  and  on  the  same  wall  are  three  fine  busts  of  composers, 
which  with  their  beautiful  brackets  were  the  gift  of  Charlotte  Cushman. 
Hundreds  of  the  most  distinguished  musicians  and  orators  have  appeared  in 
Music  Hall.  Beneath  the  large  hall  is  a  smaller  one,  called  Bumstead  Hall. 
It  is  arranged  like  an  amphitheatre,  and  is  principally  used  for  the  rehearsals 
of  the  Handel  and  Haydn  Society.      From  time  to  time  the  removal  of  the 


The   Great  Organ,    Music    Hal 


KING'S  If  AND  BOO  A'  OF  BOSTON. 


239 


^^WWWftMHMWIIiaiBf" 


Music  Hall,  to  make  way  for  business  improvements,  has  been  threatened. 
It  has  more  than  once  been  seriously  proposed  to  extend  Hamilton  Place 
to  Washington  Street,  thus  cutting  through  the  territory  on  which  it  stands; 
and  the  musical  community  has  been  considerably  disturbed  by  the  agitation 
of  these  propositions.  In  the  summer  of  iSSi  a  controlling  share  in  the 
ownership  was  purchased  in  the  interest  of  its  retention,  and  its  interior 
was  considerably  freshened  and  improved.  It  is  in  this  hall  that  the  great 
majority  of  the  most  noteworthy  concerts  of  the  musical  season  are  given 
from  year  to  year. 

Tremont  Temple  was  rebuilt  in  October,  1SS0,  to  replace  the  Tremont 
Temple  destroyed  by  hie  on  Aug.  14,  1879,  anc^  now  contains  one  of  the 
best  halls  in  this  country.  It 
occupies  the  site  of  the  old 
Tremont  Theatre  on  Tremont 
Street,  between  School  Street 
and  Montgomery  Place.  It 
had  its  origin  in  the  desire  to 
provide  a  place  of  worship 
where  the  seats  should  be  free 
to  all ;  and  as  a  result  a  build- 
ing was  erected  at  a  cost  of 
over  $230,000.  An  associa- 
tion called  the  Evangelical 
Baptist  Benevolent  and  Mis- 
sionary Society  was  formed  to 
promote  the  ends  for  which 
the  enterprise  was  undertaken, 
and  also  to  engage  in  a  gen- 
eral work  of  charity  and  be- 
nevolence. The  greater  por- 
tion of  the  building  is  still  used  for  these  purposes,  the  large  hall  being 
occupied  for  Sunday  services  by  the  Union  Temple  Church.  Here  are 
the  headquarters  of  the  New-England  Baptists,  together  with  the  offices 
of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  the  New-England  department  of 
the  Home  Mission  Society.  The  Baptist  Social  Union,  composed  of 
representatives  from  all  Baptist  churches  in  the  city  and  vicinity,  holds  its 
monthly  meetings  in  the  building.  The  Temple  facade  is  shown  in  the 
accompanying  illustration.  The  main  hall  is  122  feet  long,  72  feet  wide, 
and  66  feet  hieh.  It  has,  beside  the  main  floor,  a  first  and  a  second  gallery, 
with  a  total  seating  capacity  of  2,600.  In  it  is  a  grand  Hook  &  Hastings 
organ,  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in  America.  It  is  the  fourth  organ  this 
firm  has  built  for  the  Tremont  Temple.     It  is  of  great  power  and  of  singular 


Tremont  Temple,  Tremont  Street 


240 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


beauty,  and  is  a  favorite  instrument  with  musicians.  It  has  four  manuals, 
sixty-six  registers,  and  3,442  pipes,  and  unusual  mechanical  resources. 
Beneath  the  main  hall  is  the  Meionaon,  a  smaller  hall,  but  cosey,  conven- 
ient, and  attractive,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  nearly  1,000,  and  used  for 
religious,  temperance,  and  other  meetings.  The  several  entrances  are  com- 
modious, and  afford  an  almost  instantaneous  exit  from  the  halls.  On  the 
same  floor  as  the  main  hall  is  the  office  of  Thomas  C.  Evans,  an  adver- 
tising agent  of  national  reputation. 

The  New  Mechanics'  Hall,  in  the  building  of  the  Massachusetts  Chari- 
table Mechanics'  Association  on  Huntington  Avenue,  corner  of  West 
Newton  Street,  is  one  of  the  largest  halls  in  the  world.  It  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  8,000,  and  the  famous  Roosevelt  organ  and  Whittier  passenger- 
elevators.  During  the  triennial  exhibitions  it  is  used  in  connection  with 
the  rest  of  the  building  for  exhibition  purposes.  Several  remarkable  con- 
certs have  been  given  here,  and  other  entertainments,  attended  by  vast 
numbers  of  people. 

Horticultural  Hall,  the  home  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society, 
is  a  handsome  structure  of  white  granite,  on  Tremont  Street,  between  Brom- 
field  Street  and  Montgomery  Place.     The  society,  incorporated  in   1829,  is 

the  oldest  horticultural 
society  in  the  country, 
excepting  that  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Since  its 
foundation  it  has  held 
horticultural  exhi- 
bitions every  Saturday 
through  the  growing 
season,  besides  an  an- 
nual exhibition  in  Sep- 
tember, and  special 
shows  of  roses,  straw- 
berries, etc.,  in  their 
seasons.  On  these  oc- 
casions the  choicest 
fruits,  flowers,  plants, 
and  vegetables,  of  the 
newest  and  finest  va- 
rieties, are  shown,  and 
have  done  much  toward 
cultivating  a  knowledge  of  and  taste  for  horticulture  and  the  best  means  of 
improving  its  productions.  Liberal  premiums  have  been  offered,  and  the 
society  may  fairly  claim  to  have  done  more  for  the  advancement  of  horticul- 


Horticultural   Hall,  Tremont  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  241 

ture  than  any  other  in  the  country.  To  this  society  also  the  community  is 
indebted  for  the  establishment  of  Mount-Auburn  Cemetery.  In  1844  the 
society  built  a  hall  on  School  Street,  believed  to  be  the  first  permanent 
building  ever  erected  by  any  horticultural  society.  This  was  removed  in 
i860,  and  the  present  building  was  dedicated  in  1865.  The  front  is  of  a 
dignified  and  monumental  character,  and  is  embellished  with  elegant  works 
of  art,  comprising  costly  statues  of  Ceres,  Flora,  and  Pomona.  The  ground- 
floor  is  occupied  by  stores  ;  the  second  story  by  the  Library  Room  of  the 
society  and  a  hall  for  the  weekly  exhibitions ;  and  the  upper  story  by  a 
large  and  elegant  hall  used  in  addition  to  the  lower  hall  at  the  annual  and 
other  important  exhibitions.  Both  of  these  halls  are  often  used  for  con- 
certs and  the  better  class  of  entertainments.  The  society's  library,  com- 
prising over  4,000  volumes,  is  the  most  valuable  collection  of  horticultural 
works  in  the  United  States.  The  halls  are  adorned  with  portraits  and  busts 
of  the  presidents,  founders,  and  benefactors  of  the  society. 

Union  Hall,  in  the  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Union  on 
Boylston  Street,  is  a  favorite  hall  for  concerts  and  private  theatricals,  its 
stage  being  fitted  up  for  the  special  accommodation  of  the  latter.  It  has  a 
seating  capacity  of  522,  is  beautifully  decorated,  and  comfortably  furnished. 

The  Association  Hall  is  on  the  third  floor  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  building,  on  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Eliot  Streets.  It  is 
provided  with  piano  and  organ,  and  is  used  for  concerts,  lectures,  and  other 
entertainments.     Its  seating  capacity  is  about  700. 

The  Parker  Memorial  Hall,  at  the  corner  of  Berkeley  and  Appleton 
Streets,  is  the  place  of  worship  of  the  Twenty-Eighth  Congregational 
Society,  and  was  built  to  commemorate  the  renowned  preacher,  Theodore 
Parker.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  850.  The  first  floor  is  devoted  to  the 
rooms  of  the  Parker  Fraternity,  the  well-known  social  organization  con- 
nected with  the  society. 

The  Paine  Memorial  Building  is  on  Appleton  Street,  between  Tremont 
and  Berkeley  Streets.  It  was  built  in  commemoration  of  Thomas  Paine. 
The  famous  San  Francisco  millionnaire,  James  Lick,  gave  $18,000  towards 
the  building-fund.     The  hall  has  seats  for  800  persons. 

Investigator  Hall,  in  the  Paine  Memorial  Building,  has  seating  capacity 
of  about  600. 

Wesleyan  Hall,  in  the  Methodist  building  on  Bromfield  Street,  is  much 
used  for  lectures  and  other  occasions  where  the  audiences  are  not  large.  It 
is  now  used  for  the  rehearsals  of  the  Boylston  Club.  Its  seating  capacity 
is  about  300. 

The  Hawthorne  Rooms,  named  in  honor  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  in 
the  handsome  Warren  Building  on  Park  Street,  are  elegant  and  tasteful. 
They  are  specially  devoted  to  morning  lectures,  given  between  12  and  1, 
after  a  style  which  has  for  some  time  prevailed  in  London,  and  which  has 


242  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

• 

lately  become  quite  popular  in  Boston.  They  are  also  used  for  evening 
entertainments  of  a  high  character;  are  reached  by  an  elevator,  as  well  as 
by  a  broad  staircase,  and  have  a  seating  capacity  of  about  250.  Near  this 
site,  on  Park  Street,  stood  the  ancient  Bridewell  and  Almshouse,  and  Town 
Pound.  The  two  first-named  were  built  in  171 2  and  1838,  and  after  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill  were  crowded  with  wounded  British  soldiers.  The 
street  was  called  Centry  Street,  as  it  led  up  to  Centry  Hill.  Near  by,  on 
Hamilton  Place,  was  the  Manufactory  House,  founded  about  1718,  where 
all  Boston,  young  and  old,  rich  and  poor,  came  to  learn  the  art  of  spinning 
from  certain  North-of-Ireland  colonists,  who  also  introduced  the  potato  here. 
The  Turnhalle,  in  the  building  of  the  Turnverein,  on  Middlesex  Street, 
is  the  central  gathering-point  of  the  German  population.  A  description  of 
it  will  be  found  in  another  part  of  this  chapter. 

Faneuil  Hall,  on  Faneuil-Hall  Square  and  Merchants'  Row,  is  illustrated 
and  described  in  the  chapter  on  "  Markets  and  Exchanges." 

Other  Halls Other  well-known  halls  in  the  city  are  Papanti's,  23  Tre- 

mont  Street,  where  many  famous  dinners  in  the  past  have  taken  place,  and 
which  is  now  mostly  used  for  dancing ;  Nassau  Hall,  corner  Washington  and 
Nassau  Streets,  much  used  by  believers  in  "isms;"  Hospitaller  Hall,  712 
Washington    Street,  which,  with    Codman    Hall,    176    Tremont    Street,    is 
frequented  largely  by  labor-reformers  and   secret  organizations ;    John  A. 
Andrew  Hall,  in  what  was  formerly  the  Essex-street  Church,  at  the  corner  of 
Chauncy  and  Essex  Streets,  used  mostly  for  political  and  trades  meetings  ; 
Concord  Hall,  on  Concord  Street,  at  the  South  End,  used  mostly  for  dan- 
cing ;  and  Pilgrim  Hall,  in  the  Congregational  Building,  corner  of  Beacon 
and  Somerset  Streets,  used  for  religious  and  social  gatherings  by  the  Con- 
gregationalists  and  others.     In  the  outlying  districts,  the  Roxbury  district  has 
Bacon's  Hall,  2185  Washington  Street;  Highland  Hall,  191  Warren  Street, 
and  several  others.     In  the  Dorchester  district  is  the  old  Town  Hall.     In 
Jamaica  Plain,  West-Roxbury  district,  is  Curtis   Hall,  a  beautiful  building, 
formerly  the  Town  Hall.     On  annexation  the  Boston  city  council  gave  it  its 
present  name  in  honor  of  one  of  the  most  public-spirited  citizens  of  the  dis- 
trict.    It  is  used  for  public  gatherings  and  social  festivities.    In  the  Charles- 
town  district  the  principal  hall  is  Monument  Hall,  on  Main  Street,  near  the 
Neck.     There  are  also  the  City  Hall,  City  Square;  Congress  Hall,  Main 
Street;    Evening  Star  Hall,    Main    Street;    Freemason's   Hall,  Thompson 
Square;    Harvard  Hall,   Bow   Street;    Ivanhoe   Hall,  Main   Street;    Odd 
Fellows'  Hall,  Main  Street;    Waverley  Hall,  Waverley  Block;  Winthrop 
Hall,  Main  Street.     East  Boston  has  Lyceum  Hall,  on  Maverick  Square ; 
Webster  Hall,  Webster  Street ;  and  Maverick  Hall,  near  Maverick  Square. 
South  Boston  has  Wait's  Hall. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


243 


The  Clubs,  and  there  are  many  of  them,  constitute  one  of  the  most 
characteristic  features  of  Boston.  Some  are  unique  and  peculiar  in  their 
management  and  purposes.  In  these  clubs  are  drawn  together  the  various 
little  groups  of  people  who  in  a  great  city  are  congenial  to  one  another,  either 
from  holding  relative  positions  in  wealth  and  station,  or  from  having  similar 
desires  in  mental,  social,  and  physical  culture. 

The  Temple  Club,  established  in  1829,  is  the  oldest.  Its  building,  at 
No.  35  West  Street,  is  the  only  one  designed  expressly  for  club  uses,  and 
presents  a  modest  front,  while  the  interior  is  admirably  arranged  for  the 
special  purpose  for  which  it  was  designed.  The  club  is  a  small  one ;  and 
its  reputation  for  good-fellowship  is  of  long  standing.  The  admission-fee  is 
$100,  and  the  annual  assessments  are  not  allowed  to  exceed  that  amount. 

The  Somerset  Club  is  the  most  fashionable  and  exclusive.  It  was  or- 
ganized in  1852,  and  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  Tremont  Club.  It  first  occu- 
pied the  substantial 
granite  mansion-house 
on  the  corner  of  Bea- 
con and  Somerset 
Streets,  now  known  as 
"  The  Congregational 
House  ;  "  and  in  1872 
it  moved  to  the  mag- 
nificent granite-front 
residence  on  Beacon 
Street,  opposite  the 
Common,  built  by  the 
late  David  Sears,  from 
whom  it  was  bought. 
The  interior  of  the 
house  is  elegant,  and 
at  the  same  time  has 
an  exceedingly  com- 
fortable look.  A  nota- 
ble feature  is  a  ladies' 
restaurant,  for  guests 
of  the  members,  which 
is  also  open  to  non- 
members    accompany- 

...  ,    ,  Somerset  Club  House,  Beacon  Street. 

ing     ladies    on    club- 
order.      There   is   also   a   charming   ladies'  supper-room,   overlooking   the 
Common.     The  membership  was  originally  limited  to  250 ;  but  it  is  now 
fixed  at  600.    Applications  for  membership  are  determined  wholly  by  a 


244  KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON 

committee  on  elections.  The  admission-fee  and  annual  assessment-fee  are 
$100  each.  On  the  site  of  the  present  Somerset  Club  house  was  the  home 
of  Copley,  the  famous  painter. 

The  Union  Club  was  established  near  the  close  of -the  Rebellion,  as  a 
semi-political  club,  in  support  of  the  Union  cause  ;  but  it  has  since  lost  its 
political  character,  and  has  become  a  social  club  of  the  highest  respectabili- 
ty. The  bench  and  bar  are  well  represented  in  it.  Its  first  president  was 
Edward  Everett;  and  among  his  successors  have  been  such  men  as  Charles 
G.  Loring,  Richard  H.  Dana,  jun.,  Henry  Lee,  and  Lemuel  Shaw,  son  of  the 
great  chief  justice.  Its  membership  is  limited  to  600.  Applicants  for  ad- 
mission must  first  be  reported  on  favorably  by  the  committee,  and  then 
voted  on  by  the  club ;  one  black  ball  in  five  is  sufficient  to  exclude.  The 
entrance-fee  is  $100,  and  the  annual  assessment  $50.  A  feature  of  the 
club  is  its  excellent  table-cThote  dinners.  The  club-house  is  conveniently 
and  pleasantly  situated  on  Park  Street,  opposite  the  Common,  and  was  for- 
merly the  residence  of  Abbott  Lawrence. 

The  St.  Botolph  Club  is  one  of  the  newest  club-organizations.  It  was 
organized  in  1880,  and  grew  out  of  a  desire  to  establish  in  the  city  a  club 
fashioned  after  the  Century  Club  in  New  York,  its  membership  composed 
of  representative  professional  men.  It  has  a  large  membership,  including 
many  prominent  literary  men,  artists,  and  lawyers,  and  several  of  the  best- 
known  clergymen  of  the  city.  The  club-house,  at  No.  85  Boylston  Street, 
opposite  the  Public  Garden,  is  handsomely  decorated  and  comfortably  fur- 
nished ;  and  its  art-gallery,  in  which  there  are  annual  and  other  exhibitions 
of  a  high  order  of  merit,  is  one  of  its  chief  features.  Names  of  candidates 
for  admission  must  be  presented  by  two  members,  and  posted,  and  then 
passed  upon  by  a  special  committee,  who  alone  elect.  The  entrance-fee 
is  $50,  and  the  annual  assessment  $30.     Francis  Parkman  is  president. 

The  Central  Club  is  of  recent  origin,  established  in  1869  by  prominent 
South-End  residents.  Its  first  meetings  were  in  the  St.  James  Hotel,  and 
its  "first  club-house  was  on  Concord  Street.  Its  second  club-house,  first 
occupied  in  1872,  was  a  conspicuous  brown-stone  building  on  Washington 
Street,  at  the  corner  of  Worcester  Square.  In  May,  1882,  the  club  moved 
into  the  house  of  the  Art-Club,  No.  64  Boylston  Street,  which  was  thor- 
oughly renovated,  and  re-arranged  for  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  its  new 
occupants.  The  club  has  a  large  membership.  It  is  a  social  organization 
of  the  most  inviting  sort. 

The  Suffolk  Club  has  rooms  in  a  brick  building  at  No.  4^  Beacon  Street. 
One  writer  describes  this  as  "  an  association  for  the  development  of  the 
pleasurable  social  affinities  of  seemingly  incongruous  kinds  of  character." 
To  this  club  belong  a  number  of  prominent  Democratic  politicians.  Leo- 
pold Morse  is  the  president. 


O 
en 


O      53 


c 
m 

I 
o 

c 

In 

m 


2+6  KING'S    HANDBOOK'    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Athenian  Club  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  Boston  Press  Club.  It  was 
designed  to  be  a  purely  professional  club:  but  in  the  course  of  time  a  large 
number  of  non-professionals  were  admitted.  The  journalistic,  dramatic, 
and  musical  elements,  however,  continued  prominent  in  the  direction  of  the 
club  affairs.     In  1SS1  the  Athenian  disbanded. 

The  Boston  Press  Club  is  a  prosperous  organization  of  upwards  of  80 
members.  It  is  now  26  years  old.  James  W.  Clarke  is  president,  and  J.  E. 
Griffiths  secretary. 

The  New-England  Woman's  Club  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  Boston. 
It  was  organized  ten  years  ago  by  prominent  ladies,  and  had  its  home  at 
first  in  Tremont  Place.  It  afterwards  removed  to  more  spacious  quarters 
on  Park  Street,  opposite  the  Common,  a  few  doors  from  the  Union  Club. 
It  is  very  select,  and  gives  receptions,  breakfasts,  and  "  teas  "  to  distin- 
guished guests:  and  it  has  regular  weekly  meetings,  at  which  essays  are 
read  and  discussions  indulged  in. 

The  University  Club  was  organized  Feb.  16,  1SS1,  to  afford  the  officers 
of  all  departments  of  Harvard  University  an  opportunity  of  becoming  ac- 
quainted with  one  another,  and  of  acting  somewhat  concertedly  to  advance 
the  interests  of  the  institution.  Its  membership  includes  only  the  Corpora- 
tion, the  Board  of  Overseers,  the  Academic  Council,  and  the  leading  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Library  and  of  the  Peabodv  Museum. 

The  Boston  Tennis  Club,  organized  in  1879,  occupies  for  exercise  in  the 
game  a  brick  building  on  Buckingham  Street  near  Dartmouth  Street. 

The  Appalachian  Mountain  Club  was  organized  in  1876.  and  in  1878 
re-organized  and  chartered.  Its  object  is  to  bring  together  for  co-operation 
all  those  interested  in  the  mountains  of  New  England  and  adjacent  regions, 
in  rendering  the  mountain  resorts  more  attractive  by  building  paths,  camps, 
and  other  conveniences,  constructing  and  publishing  accurate  maps,  and 
collecting  all  available  information  concerning  the  mountain  regions.  It 
also  aims  to  collect  and  make  available  the  results  of  scattered  scientific 
observations  of  all  kinds.  The  club  holds  monthly  meetings  during  the 
winter  seasons,  and  field-meetings  during  the  summer,  incidentally  organiz- 
ing expeditions  to  accessible  points  of  interest.  It  also  publishes  papers 
read  at  its  meetings,  in  the  form  of  an  occasional  magazine  entitled  "Ap- 
palachian and  is  accumulating  a  library.  Rev.  John  Worcester  of  Newton 
is  president,  Roswell  B.  Lawrence  secretary,  and  Charles  W.  Kennard  treas- 
urer. It  has  about  450  active  members,  and  a  number  of  honorary  and  cor- 
responding members.      Its  headquarters  are  at  the  Institute  of  Technology. 

The  Civil  Service  Reform  Association  was  organized  in  1880  to  agitate 
reform  in  the  system  01  appointments  to  office  in  the  civil  service,  and 
to  publish  literature  in  behalf  of  such  reform.  Its  membership  is  large, 
and  very  active  in  disseminating  wholesome  political  doctrines. 


JCIVG'S    HANDBOOK-    OF   BOSTON.  247 

The  Antiquarian  Club  was  organized  in  1879  for  the  purpose  of  collect- 
ing and  preserving  historical  records;  and  in  1882  was  united  with  the 
Bostonian  Society,  whose  object  and  characteristics  are  defined  in  the 
paragraph  on  the  Old  State  House. 

The  Saturday-Morning  Club  is  of  comparatively  recent  organization, 
and  consists  of  about  sixty  young  ladies,  who  listen  to  lectures  from  literary 
and  scientific  celebrities,  and  meet  for  "  mutual  improvement,"  and  perhaps 
"mutual  admiration  "  as  well. 

The  Literary  Clubs  of  Boston  have  no  club  houses,  but  meet  generally 
at  some  leading  hotel  around  the  festive  mahogany.  The  Saturday  Club, 
also  known  as  the  Literary  Club,  dines  once  a  month  at  Parker's,  and  always 
on  the  last  day  of  the  week.  It  is  famous  for  the  literary  and  scientific 
celebrities  who  have  from  time  to  time  belonged  to  it.  The  Papyrus  Club 
meets  monthly  at  dinner,  at  the  Revere  House.  Its  membership  is  two- 
thirds  literary,  and  one  third  miscellaneous.  One  black  ball  in  five  ex 
eludes  a  candidate  for  admittance.  It  frequently  entertains  distinguished 
literary  or  other  guests,  and  occasionally  celebrates  "ladies'  night,"  on 
which  occasion  ladies  prominent  in  literature  are  entertained  as  its  guests. 
The  Wednesday-evening  Century  Club,  and  the  Thursday  Club,  are  asso 
ciations  of  gentlemen  representing,  for  the  most  part,  professional  life,  who 
meet  at  the  houses  of  one  another. 

The  leading  clubs  of  actors  are  the  Macaroni,  the  Ace  of  Clubs,  and  the 
Americus.  The  latter  has  rooms  on  Tremont  Street,  opposite  the  Museum. 
The  two  former  meet  once  a  month  at  the  Parker  House.  The  Society  of 
Elks  is  also  largely  composed  of  members  of  the  dramatic  profession. 

The  Union  Boat-Club,  organized  in  1 85 1,  is  one  of  the  oldest  boating- 
organizations  in  the  country.  Its  clubhouse  is  at  the  foot  of. Chestnut 
Street,  on  the  Charles  River,  at  the  head  of  the  famous  boat  racing  course. 
It  is  an  attractive  building,  in  the  Swiss  style,  with  gymnasium  and  rooms 
for  the  convenience  of  the  members,  who  number  130.  The  club  rowed 
in  a  race  at  Hull,  in  1853,  in  which  its  boat  was  steered  by  the  bow  oar, 
instead  of  by  a  coxswain,  the  first  time  that  it  was  done  in  this  country. 
It  introduced  the  first  wherry  race  on  the  Charles  in  1854;  and  in  1857  its 
crew  won  the  Beacon  cup  from  the  Harvards.  The  club,  as  an  organization, 
has  not  been  represented  on  the  Charles  of  late  years. 

The  Boston  Yacht-Club  was  organized  in  1866,  and  chartered  in  1868. 
It  was  the  first  club  formed  in  Boston  for  yachting  purposes,  except  a  small 
club  that  began  in  1834  and  ended  in  1837.  It  was  also  the  first  yacht  club 
chartered  by  the  State.  At  present  it  comprises  250  members  and  80  yachts, 
and  ow"-  considerable  property  at  City  Point,  South  Boston.  The  club- 
house, finely  situated  on  the  shore,  is  open  to  the  winds,  easterly  and  south- 
erly, that  sweep  over  Boston  Harbor  and  Dorchester  Bay,  and  commands  a 


248 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


pleasing  view  in  all  directions.  The  conveniences  for  boating  purposes,  and 
the  charms  as  a  place  of  resort  for  its  members  in  summer  months,  give  it 
exceptional  attractions.  The  officers  of  the  club  are :  commodore,  Jacob 
Pfaff;  vice-commodore,  Clarence  W.  Jones;   rear-commodore,  Charles  A. 


Boston  Yacht-Club  House,  City  Point. 

Welch,  jun. ;  secretary,  Thomas  Dean  ;  treasurer,  Augustus  Russ.  The  last 
two  named  have  filled  the  same  offices  since  the  organization  of  the  club. 

The  South-Boston  Yacht-Club  was  organized  in  1868,  and  incorporated 
in  1877.  It  has  152  members,  and  the  yachts  enrolled  number  44.  Its 
house,  30  by  45  feet,  has  a  good  wharf,  is  conveniently  arranged,  and 
admirably  situated  on  the  extreme  point  of  South  Boston.  It  was  the  first 
house  erected  in  Massachusetts  by  a  yacht-club.  The  officers  are :  com- 
modore, Otis  A.  Ruggles  ;  vice-commodore,  Henry  Hussey  ;  fleet-captain, 
James  Donnovan ;  secretary,  John  Winniatt ;  treasurer,  Thomas  Christian. 

Other  Yacht  Clubs  include  the  Washington  Village  Club,  James  W. 
Mansfield,  commodore ;  Bunker  Hill  Club,  H.  L.  Johnson,  commodore ; 
Dorchester  Club,  William  Gray,  jun.,  commodore ;  Jeffries  Club,  George  A. 
Palmer,  commodore ;  as  well  as  a  few  composed  of  Boston  men  which  have 
their  houses  outside  the  city  limits. 

The  Boston  Chess  Club  has  rooms  at  161  Tremont  Street.  The  secre- 
tary is  John  B.  Rhodes. 

The  Boston  Natatorium,  which  was  started  in  1880,  was  abandoned 
before  any  thing  definite  was  accomplished. 

The  Boston  Base-Ball  Association  was  incorporated  in  1871,  and  sup- 
ports the  "  Boston  Nine,"  or  "  The  Red-Stockings  "  as  it  is  often  called. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


249 


Most  of  the  stockholders  are  business-men  who  do  not  expect  any  returns 
from  their  investments,  which  were  made  merely  to  encouiage  the  game. 
The  Association  has  had  large  and  comfortable  club-rooms  at  765  Washing- 
ton Street,  near  Hollis  Street.  During  the  winter  the  members  of  the 
Nine  exercise  themselves  at  the  gymnasium  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Union.  Harry  Wright  was  for  a  long  time  the  captain,  secretary,  and  man 
ager ;  but  John  Morrill  is  now  manager. 

The  Union  Athletic  Club  was  organized  in  1875  by  a  few  members  of 
the  old  Union  Gymnasium  on  Washington  Street.  It  has  fall  and  winter 
meetings,  open  to  all  amateurs.  The  liberal  prizes  offered  by  the  club  have 
at  times  brought  to  Boston  some  of  the  best  amateur  athletes.  The  club 
has  the  use  of  the  Boston  Base-Ball  Club  grounds.  Its  headquarters  are 
in  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Union  building ;  and  its  officers  are  W.  C. 
Loring,  president ;  P.  F.  Ferris,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Lacrosse  Club  is  a  part  of  the  Union  Athletic  Club,  and  was 
formed  in  1878.     It  won  the  cup  offered  by  the  city  of  Boston,  to  be  com 

peted  for  by  the  Raven  woods  of  Brooklyn 
and  this  club.  At  the  expense  of  this  club, 
the  Indian  Team  of  Montreal  and  other 
visiting  clubs  played  in  Boston,  and  showed 
to  great  advantage  the  Lacrosse  game, 
which  is  destined  to  become  quite  popular. 

The  Boston  Turnverein  was  organized 
in  1849,  and  incorporated  in  1871.  The  so- 
ciety, comprising  about  375  members,  almost 
all  Germans,  owns  the  Turnhalle  on  Middle- 
sex Street.  The  building,  which  was  erected 
in  1876,  cost,  with  the  land,  $65,000.  It 
contains  a  thoroughly  equipped  gymnasium ; 
billiard  rooms  ;  bowling  alleys  ;  a  hall  having 
a  seating  capacity  of  500,  and  a  stage  for 
private  theatricals,  concerts,  and  other  en- 
tertainments ;  a  reading-room,  with  library 
of  1,000  volumes;  and  restaurant,  parlors, 
and  reception  rooms.  The  Turnverein  is 
partly  a  benevolent  organization.  Its  dues 
are  :  for  active  members  $9.00  a  year,  which 
entitles  the  member  to  a  weekly  payment  of 
$5.00  in  case  of  sickness ;  and  for  passive 
members  $6.00  a  year.  The  society  also 
issues  a  small  weekly  periodical,  called  the 
"  Turner-Zeitung."  The  president  is  A.  J.  Gutermuth  ;  the  treasurer,  Julius 
Meyer  ;  the  secretary,  William  Kammler. 


Turnhalle,  Middlesex  Street. 


250 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


Secret  Societies  are  also  numerous  and  strong  in  Boston.  There  are 
Masonic  societies,  the  Knights  Templars,  the  Odd  Fellows,  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  the  Knights  of  Honor,  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Good  Templars,  the  Templars  of  Honor,  the  German 
Order  of  Harugari,  the  Sovereigns  of  Industry,  the  United  American  Me- 
chanics, the  Independent  Order  of  Foresters,  the  Order  of  Alfredians,  and 
the  Grand  Army  of*the  Republic. 

The  Masonic  Temple,  in  which  are  gathered  the  majority  of  the  several 
Masonic  organizations  in  the  city,  and  which  is  the  headquarters  of  the 
grand  lodge,  is  an  elegant  and  imposing  granite  building,  on  the  corner  of 
Tremont  and  Boylston  Streets,  with  octagonal  towers  rising  to  the  height 
of  120  feet,  while  the  height  of  the  building  proper  is  90  feet.  The  Tre- 
mont-street  front  is  85  feet  wide.  The  entire  building,  with  the  exception  of 
the  street  and  basement  floors, 
is  occupied  by  the  Masonic  or- 
ganizations.    It  is  seven  sto 


ries  high. 


It  has  three  large 


halls  for  meetings,  furnished 
one  in  the  Corinthian,  one  in 
the  Egyptian,  and  the  third 
in  the  Gothic  styles.  The 
corner  stone  was  laid  Oct.  14, 
1864;  and  the  building  was 
dedicated  on  St.  John's  Day, 
June  22,  1867,  with  imposing 
ceremonies,  and  one  of  the 
largest  of  Masonic  street 
processions.  President  John 
son  was  present  on  the  occa- 
sion. The  Masons,  before 
the  building  of  the  present 
Temple,  occupied  as  head- 
quarters a  building  on  the 
site"  of   the  present  building, 

,  .    ,  .,  ...     ,,       •,■„,•.  Masonic  Temple,  Tremont  Street. 

which,  together  with  the  Win 

throp  House  adjoining  it,  was  destrojed  by  fire  in  1864.  At  an  earlier 
period  the  building  now  used  as  the  United  States  Court  House,  on  Tre- 
mont Street,  corner  of  Temple  Place,  was  the  Masonic  headquarters. 

The  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  is  an  elegant  and  imposing  building  completed  in 
1872.  Its  situation  is  an  admirable  one,  to  show  its  architectural  design  to 
the  best  advantage,  on  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  Berkeley  Streets,  both  of 
which  are  wide  streets.     It  covers  12,000  square  feet  of  land,  and  is  con' 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


25i 


structed  of  Concord  and  Hallo  well  white  granite.  It  is  four  stories  high. 
The  street  floor  and  basement  are  occupied  by  stores.  The  largest  halls 
are  in  the  fourth  story,  one  54  by  94  feet,  and  25  feet  high  in  the  clear  ;  and 
the  other  a  banquet-hall,  26  by  no  feet;  both  these  halls  are  provided  with 
ample  ante  rooms.  Other  halls  in  the  spacious  building  are  the  encamp- 
ment hall  in  the  roof ;  the  lodge  halls,  with  ante  rooms  and  side  rooms,  and 
the  grand  lodge  office  and  grand  master's  private  room,  all  in  the  third 
story.  The  grand  entrance  is  from  Tremont  Street.  In  the  second  story 
is  the  large  hall,  and  also  numerous  offices  from  which  rent  is  received ; 
so  that,  with  what  is  received  from  renting  the  stores,  offices,  and  hall,  the 


Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  Tremont  Street. 

revenue  from  the  building  is  good.  This  building  was  built  by  the  Odd 
Fellows'  Hall  Association,  which  was  incorporated  in  1870.  The  money 
was  raised  at  once,  the  site  purchased,  and  in  the  summer  of  1871  the 
cornerstone  was  laid,  with  the  customary  ceremony,  and  the  event  was  duly 
celebrated.  In  the  Charlestown  district  there  is  a  commodious  Odd  Fellows1 
Hall  at  No.  25  Main  Street;  in  the  Highland  district,  at  No.  2298  Washing- 
ton Street;  and  in  the  West  Roxbury  district,  on  Green,  corner  of  Boylston 
Street,  Jamaica  Plain. 

The  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  is  a  secret  semi  military  organization, 
composed  exclusively  of  honorably  discharged  soldiers  and  sailors  who 
served  in  the  army  and  navy  during  the  civil  war.  It  is  organized  into 
posts,  State  departments,  and  a  national  encampment;  and  its  objects  are 
to  perpetuate  the  fraternity  and  comradeship  formed  in  the  camp  and  on  the 
battle-field,  to  care  for  the  needy  and  destitute  and  the  widows  and  orphans 


252  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

of  those  who  fell,  and  to  cultivate  a  spirit  of  unswerving  loyalty  to  tht 
national  government.  In  the  State  there  are  152  posts,  which  annually  dis- 
burse over  $34,000  in  relief,  the  greater  part  to  persons  not  belonging  to 
the  order.  The  headquarters  of  the  Massachusetts  department  is  at  12 
Pemberton  Square.  George  S.  Evans  is  the  department  commander,  A. 
C.  Monroe  assistant  adjutant-general,  and  Charles  O.  Fellows  assistant 
quartermaster  general.  Thirteen  posts  are  chartered  in  Boston,  which  beat 
the  names  of  distinguished  soldiers  and  patriots,  and  are  styled,  in  Grand 
Army  circles,  Charles  Russell  Lowell  Post  7,  John  A.  Andrew  Post  15  etc. 

The  Militia  of  Massachusetts  was  wholly  re-organized  under  the  law  of 
1878.  Exclusive  of  the  corps  of  cadets,  which  are  unattached,  it  is  divided 
into  two  brigades,  both  of  which  have  their  headquarters  in  Boston,  —  the 
first  brigade,  Brig.-Gen.  Nat  Wales,  at  No.  608  Washington  Street;  and  the 
second  brigade,  Brig.-Gen.  Benjamin  F.  Peach,  jun.,  at  5^  Beacon  Street. 
The  Boston  organizations  belonging  to  the  first  brigade  are  :  Cos.  A,  C,  D, 
K,  and  L  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Col.  A.  C.  Wellington,  head- 
quarters Globe  Theatre ;  Co.  L,  Sixth  Regiment,  armory  3  North  Russell 
Street.  The  Boston  organizations  belonging  to  the  second  brigade  are : 
Battery  A,  First  Battalion  Light  Artillery,  Capt.  J.  W.  Smith,  headquarters 
Harrison  Avenue  near  Essex  Street;  the  First  Battalion  of  Cavalry,  Major 
Charles  A.  Young,  headquarters  37  Tremont  Street ;  Cos.  A,  D,  and  H,  of 
the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  Col.  W.  A.  Bancroft,  headquarters  Pember- 
ton Square;  Cos.  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  G,  and  H  of  the  Ninth  Regiment  of  In- 
fantry, Col.  Wm.  M.  Strachan,  headquarters  61  Court  Street.  The  whole 
militia  of  Massachusetts,  under  the  new  law,  is  limited  to  sixty  companies 
of  infantry,  three  of  cavalry,  three  of  light  artillery,  and  two  corps  of  cadets. 
The  First  Corps  of  Cadets,  formerly  called  the  Independent  Corps  of  Cadets, 
Lieut.-Col.  Thomas  F.  Edmands,  with  a  handsome  new  armory  at  130  Colum- 
bus Avenue,  was  organized  in  1741,  and  has  always  been  the  body-guard  of 
his  Excellency  the  Governor.  The  National  Lancers  (Co.  A),  a  famous 
cavalry  organization,  now  belongs  to  the  First  Battalion  of  Cavalry,  which 
also  includes  the  Roxbury  Horse  Guards  (Co.  D).  The  whole  militia  is 
kept  in  a  state  of  high  discipline,  and  has  often  demonstrated  its  efficiencj 
in  active  service. 

The  Boston  School  Regiment  comprises  the  boys  of  the  public  Latin  an(' 
high  schools.  A  corps  of  cadets  is  connected  with  the  Massachusetts  In- 
stitute of  Technology,  military  drill  being  obligatory  upon  the  lowest  class. 
The  boys  of  the  Chauncy-Hall  School  have  an  efficient  military  organization. 
The  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company  is  the  oldest  military 
organization  in  the  United  States.  It  was  formed  in  1638  as  "  The  Military 
Company  of  Boston."  In  1657  it  was  recognized  as  an  artillery  company. 
The  title  "Ancient  and.- Honorable"  first  occurs  in  the  records,  September, 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  253 

1700.  The  "  Honorable"  was  assumed  from  the  circumstance  that  its  cap- 
tains had  belonged  to  the  Honorable  Artillery  Company  of  London.  The 
company  dispersed  during  the  Revolution,  but  was  revived  in  1789.  The 
"  election  sermon  "  has  annually  been  preached  before  the  company,  since 
1639,  with  the  exception  of  five  years  during  Andros's  government.  For 
many  years  it  has  been  the  annual  custom  of  the  governor  to  personally 
commission  the  officers  on  the  Common.  The  company  no  longer  belongs 
to  the  militia,  and  is  now  more  of  a  social  than  a  military  organization.  The 
members  still  retain  their  ancient  privilege  of  exemption  from  jury  duty,  —  a 
feature  which  induces  many  business  men  to  become  members  of  this  com- 
pany.    The  headquarters  of  the  company  are  in  Faneuil  Hall. 

The  Mercantile  Library  Association,  for  more  than  fifty  years  a  leading 
literary  institution  in  Boston,  has  recently  been  re  organized  on  a  new  basis, 
and  now  offers  many  of  the  advantages  of  club-life,  while  retaining  its  liter- 
ary features.  Its  building,  is  on  the  corner  of  Tremont  and  West  Newton 
Streets.  The  library  of  18,000  volumes  was  transferred  to  the  Boston 
Public  Library  in  1877.  The  parlors  are  ornamented  with  portraits  and 
statuary,  and  supplied  with  the  most  desired  newspapers  and  magazines. 
In  the  second  story  are  rooms  for  conversation  and  social  games,  in  which 
smoking  is  allowed.  Literary  and  musical  entertainments  are  given  during 
the  winter  months.  The  terms  of  membership  are  $10  a  year.  The  presi- 
dent is  J.  Q.  A.  Brackett,  the  treasurer  William  S.  Stevens. 

The  Central  Lunch  Club  is  a  modest  association  of  about  125  gentlemen 
engaged  in  various  pursuits,  whose  places  of  business  are  in  the  vicinity  of 
State  and  Congress  Streets.  Here,  in  a  quiet  place  called  Post-office  Ave- 
nue, leading  from  Congress  Street  to  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  are  the 
cosey  and  neat  club  rooms  where  the  members  get  their  noonday  meal. 
Non-members  are  admitted  on  invitation  of  members.  The  entrance-fee  is 
$15,  and  the  assessments  never  exceed  $15  a  month.  The  members  com- 
prise an  aristocratic  party  of  leading  professional  and  business  men,  many 
of  whom  are  graduates  from  Harvard  College. 

The  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks  is  a  secret  benevolent 
organization.  At  first  its  membership  was  confined  chiefly  to  actors,  but 
it  is  now  composed  of  persons  from  all  professions.  As  the  theatrical 
element  is  predominant,  the  lodges  located  in  cities  throughout  the  country 
secure  an  annual  "benefit"  at  some  local  theatre.  The  Boston  Lodge, 
No.  10,  received  about  $3,100  from  its  benefit  at  the  Boston  Theatre  in 
1879.  The  lodge  was  organized  May  23,  1878,  and  its  rooms  are  at  No.  176 
Tremont  Street.  A  co-operative  plan  of  life  insurance  is  conducted  by  the 
order. 

There  are  other  clubs  and  many  societies  for  social,  religious,  educational, 
and  divers  purposes,  some  of  which  will  be  noticed  in  ether  chapters. 


254  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Architects  was  organized  May  22,  1867;  the 
object  of  organization  being  to  promote  the  interests  of  architects  and 
their  art.  The  society  has  had  no  stated  headquarters  for  several  years, 
but  meets  monthly  at  some  hotel.  The  officers  are  :  President,  Edward  C. 
Cabot;  vice  president,  John  H.  Sturgis;  secretary,  T.  M.  Clark;  treasurer, 

William  G.  Preston. 

Boston  Latin  School  Association.  —  This  society  of  teachers  and 
scholars  of  the  Boston  Latin  School  was  organized  in  1844,  and  incor- 
porated in  1845.  Its  purpose  has  been  to  provide  libraries  and  cabinets  for 
■  the  school,  and  to  promote  its  general  welfare.  The  number  of  living  mem 
bers  is  about  500,  and  the  list  includes  many  noted  names.  The  association 
has  in  the  school  building  a  library  of  3,000  volumes,  and  a  large  number  of 
busts,  portraits,  and  other  property.  It  also  owns  Greenough's  marble  statue 
representing  the  Alma  Mater  of  the  school.  A  dinner  is  given  annually  by 
the  Assoc' \tion  at  the  Parker  House,  —  the  site  of  the  old  school.  The 
president  1  ■  Charles  K.  Dillaway ;  vice  president,  Rev.  Edward  Everett 
Hale  ;  librarian,  Moses  Merrill ;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Grenville  H.  Nor- 
cross,  35  Congress  Street.  The  standing  committee  is  composed  of  Rev. 
Henry  F.  Jenks,   Stephen   G.   Deblois,   Horace   E.   Scudder,  William   Gal 

lagher,  jun.,  and  Henry  W.  Haynes. 

The  Boston  Memorial  Association   is    a   body    of    prominent    citizens 

whose  aim  it  is  to  see  that  the  future  monumental  decoration  of  the  city  is 

well  and  wisely  done,  and  that  suitable  memorials  of  the  past  citizens  and 

events  shall  in  due  time  be  erected.     The   president  is  M.  P.  Kennard; 

vice  presidents,  James  L.  Little,  Francis  Jaques,  C.  U.  Cotting,  and  Charles 

G.  Wood ;  secretary,  E.  D.  Barbour. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON 


255 


Etc  Insurance  ©trices* 

LIFE,    FIRE,    MARINE,    ACCIDENT,    AND   OTHER   INSURANCE 

COMPANIES. 


TO  the  insurance  companies  Boston  is  greatly  indebted,  not  only  for  the 
protection  afforded  her  commercial  interests  and  the  aid  rendered 
widows  and  orphans,  but  also  for  several  of  the  finest  edifices  in  this  country. 
And  probably  no  class  of  edifices  attract  more  attention,  or  cause  deeper 
interest  to  the  thoughtful  mind,  than  the  various  insurance  offices,  the  archi- 
tectural beauty  of  which  is  simply  the  outward  show  of  the  grand  success 
that  has  attended  the  institutions  in  carrying  on  their  humane  work  on  sound 
and  healthy  principles  of  insurance.  The  close  margins  on  which  business 
in  general  is  now  conducted  do  not  allow  the  individual  to  hazard  his  person 
or  his  property  to  any  possible  loss  without  taking  some  additional  protec- 
tion. And  therefore  we  have  insurance  providing  for  loss  caused  not  only 
by  death,  by  fire,  and  by  the  perils  of  navigation,  but  also  by  sickness,  by 
bodily  injuries,  by  explosion  of  steam  boilers,  by  the  breakage  of  plate-glass 
windows,  by  lightning,  and  by  burglary.  The  various  insurance  companies 
having  become  quite  numerous,  the  Commonwealth  in  1855  assumed  critical 
supervision  over  them,  and  created  the  insurance  department,  from  whose 
26th  annual  report  (for  1880)  we  find  that  214  insurance  companies  were  au- 
thorized to  do  business  in  Massachusetts,  nearly  all  of  them  represented  in 
Boston.  The  following  interesting  table  is  compiled  from  the  reports  of 
Julius  L.  Clarke,  insurance  commissioner  from  1879  to  1883. 


No. 


Classification. 


Gross  Assets 
Jan.  1,  1881. 


Income 
1880. 


Risks  written 
1880. 


Losses  paid 
1880. 


4 
52 


22 

25 
2 
2 

1 
1 


237 


Massachusetts  Companies, — 
Mutual  marine  and  fire  marine, 
Mutual  fire  (2  having  guaran 

tee  capital) 

Mutual  boiler 

Joint  stock  fire  and  marine  .  . 
Life 

Nou  Massachusetts  Co.'s, — 
File  and  marine,  other  Slates, 

Life,  other  States 

U.S.  branches  of  foreign  Co.'s 

Plate  glass     

Accident ' 

Steam  boiler 

Casualty 

Fidelity  2 


$2,590,488 

6,104,823 

3,880 

13,009,661 

32.939.5°5 


118,511,302 

369,996,657 

22,562,740 

265,224 

1,466,410 

336,169 

172,932 


$828,726 

2,278,950 

7,076 

5,112,201 

5,317,322 

50,151,664 

67,934,738 

17,093,010 

86,212 

!, 349,°39 
217,362 
117,512 


$5°7,959,79I     $150,492,812 


$52,796,449 

190,642,359 
890,340 

504,457,325 
14,641,498 


5.679.833.664 

167,928,429 

2,277,088,510 

271,532 

12,739,978 

18,009,281 

18,457,195 


3,937,746,5oo 


$497,267 

586,180 
None. 

2,833.994 
1,500,174 

25,902,568 

18,482,628 

9>I4i,340 

2,950 

73,270 
21,222 

31,624 


$59,o73,2i7 


1  Only  one  reporting.     2  No  report. 


256  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

These   figures  will   probably  show,  even   to   the   casual   observer,  the 
formidable  insurance  interest  represented  in  Boston. 

Life-Insurance  in  America  virtually  gained  its  foothold  in  Boston ;  for 
the  first  statistics  gathered  that  were  ultimately  used  as  its  basis  was  a  com- 
plete table  of  American  life,  framed  in  1789  by  Prof.  Edward  Wiggleswortb 
of  Harvard  College.  This  table  was  subsequently  adopted  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts  as  a  rule  in  estimating  the  value  of  life-estates.  In 
181 1  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  was  established;  and  the  mana- 
gers were  authorized  to  grant  annuities ;  which  was  done  until  an  arrange- 
ment was  made  in  1823  with  the  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life-Insurance 
Company,  chartered  in  1818,  to  which  the  business  of  granting  annuities 
was  transferred  on  a  royalty  for  the  hospital  of  one-third  the  net  profits  of 
the  new  company.  In  1823  Phillips's  "  Law  of  Life  Insurance,"  the  first 
American  work  of  its  kind,  was  published  in  Boston.  The  New-England 
Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company  was  the  second  company  to  obtain  a  charter 
from  the  Commonwealth;  and,  although  chartered  in  1835,  it  did  not  begin 
business  for  several  years  afterwards,  as  it  was  hindered  by  the  hard  times, 
and  encumbered  with  the  royalty  which  was  required  of  all  life-insurance 
companies,  of  one-third  the  profits  to  the  hospital.  In  1844  the  State 
Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company  of  Worcester  was  incorporated.  In  1846 
the  law  regarding  payment  to  the  hospital  was  construed  to  require  only 
one-third  of  the  net  profits  after  the  payment  of  a  six-per-cent  dividend  to 
the  stockholders ;  and  since  that  time  four  life-insurance  companies  have 
been  chartered  by  the  State.  To  the  credit  of  the  Commonwealth  it  can 
be  said,  that  none  of  the  life-insurance  companies  chartered  by  it  have  ever 
failed  or  discontinued.  Although  it  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  work  to 
consider  the  many  laws  that  have  been  enacted  relative  to  insurance,  it  cer- 
tainly is  pardonable  to  mention  the  "  non-forfeiture  law,"  which,  enacted  in 
1861,  provides  that  life-insurance  companies  shall  continue  their  policies  in 
force  until  all  premiums  that  have  been  paid  are  wholly  exhausted,  whether 
the  assured  pays  his  annual  premium  or  not.  The  still  stronger  and  better 
non-forfeiture  law  of  1880  takes  effect  on  all  future  policies  to  protect  the 
interests  of  the  assured. 

The  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life-insurance  Company,  referred  to  above, 
is  still  in  successful  operation ;  but  its  business  is  chiefly  confined  to  trusts 
and  annuities,  and,  in  fact,  it  transacts  no  life-insurance  business  in  its 
modern  forms.  The  office  of  the  company  is  at  No.  50  State  Street ;  and 
its  officers  are  John  L.  Gardner  president,  Samuel  C.  Cobb  actuary,  J.  C. 
Braman  secretary.  Its  paid-up  capital  is  $500,000;  and  its  gross  assets, 
including  its  trust-funds,  are  nearly  $17,000,000.  The  company  during  the 
past  half-century  has  paid  the  hospital  a  large  amount  of  money.  Nathaniel 
Bowditch,  the  first  actuary,  and  in  fact  the  originator  of  the  company,  re- 
mained in  its  service  for  many  years, 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  257 

The  New-England  Mutual  Life  of  Boston  was  the  first  company  char- 
tered in  America,  to  do  a  life  insurance  business  in  its  modern  forms;  and 
its  career  from  the  beginning  has  been  one  of  continued  prosperity.  The 
company  began  with  a  cash  capital  of  $50,000,  being  50  per  cent  of  a 
guaranty  capital  that  was  withdrawn  in  1853;  and  Jan.  1,  1883,  its  assets 
amounted  to  $16,432,181.85.  In  1882  its  income  was  $2,629,754.16;  and  its 
disbursements  were  $2,325,838.25,  of  which  $1,990,187.66  was  paid  to  policy 
holders  for  losses,  distributions  of  surplus,  and  cancelled  policies.  From 
these  figures  it  is  seen  that  the  New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Com- 
pany, both  by  virtue  of  its  assets  and  the  extent  of  its  operations,  is  one  of 
the  largest  corporations  of  New  England.  Its  remarkable  success  is  due 
to  several  causes,  but  especially  to  its  policy  of  management.  Competent 
men  are  carefully  chosen  for  officers  and  employe's,  and  then  they  are  con 
stantly  retained  by  the  company.  The  first  president,  Willard  Phillips, — 
an  author  of  several  standard  insurance  works,  —  served  for  23  years.  His 
successor  is  Benjamin  F.  Stevens,  who  has  been  president  for  the  past  17 
years,  and  had  previously  been  secretary  for  17  years,  and  vice-president  for 
2  years.  Mr.  Stevens  has  therefore  been  connected  with  this  company  for 
36  consecutive  years,  and  his  term  of  service  for  one  insurance  company  is 
longer  than  that  of  any  other  life-insurance  officer  in  America.  The  first 
secretary  held  the  office  for  4  years  ;  the  second,  Mr.  Stevens,  for  17  years; 
and  the  present  secretary,  Joseph  M.  Gibbens,  was  elected  18  years  ago, 
after  a  previous  connection  with  this  company  of  15  years.  The  other  offi- 
cers include  S.  F.  Trull,  assistant  secretary;  Dwight  Foster,  counsel;  Wal- 
ter C.  Wright,  actuary ;  John  Homans,  medical  examiner ;  and  George  W. 
Thompson,  superintendent  of  agencies.  The  liberal  and  equitable  non- 
forfeiture law  of  Massachusetts  is  printed  in  every  policy ;  and  a  table  of 
the  paid-up  insurance  and  cash  surrender  value  enjoined  by  it  is  written  in 
any  policy  on  application.  No  insurance  company  in  the  world  has  a  better 
record  for  able  management,  and  equitable  settlement  of  claims. 

In  1874  the  company  erected,  on  Post-office  Square,  its  present  building, 
which,  together  with  the  adjoining  building,  forms  the  handsomest  block  in 
New  England.  The  facades,  in  the  Renaissance  style,  are  of  granite,  five 
stories  high,  and  are  surmounted  with  an  iron  roof  containing  two  stories. 
The  frontage  is  50  feet  on  Post  office  Square,  1S1  on  Congress  Street,  69 
feet  in  the  rear,  and  68  feet  in  an  area.  The  floor  surface  is  10,257  square 
feet.  All  floors  and  the  roof  are  constructed  of  iron  beams  and  brick 
arches,  and  there  are  22  large  burglar  and  fire  proof  safes  in  the  building. 
The  first  floor  has  three  wide  entrances,  —  one  on  Post  office  Square,  and 
two  on  Congress  Street,  —  with  spacious  halls  leading  to  a  wide  and  easy 
stairway.  On  this  floor  are  five  large  banking-rooms.  On  the  second  floor 
are  the  company's  offices,  amply  provided  with  all  the  conveniences  neces- 


258  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

sary  to  conduct  its  extensive  and  increasing  business.  The  other  stories 
are  divided  into  offices,  some  of  the  choicest  in  the  city.  The  rooms  and 
floors  are  provided  with  electric  bells  and  speaking-tubes  for  communica- 
tion to  and  from  all  parts  of  the  building.  The  Whither  elevator  is  run, 
and  the  heating  apparatus  supplied,  with  steam  from  bc'lers  placed,  for  addi- 
tional security,  under  an  area  away  from  the  building.  The  architect  was 
Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee. 

Among  the  many  occupants  of  the  New  England  Life  building,  are  the 
Everett  National  Bank,  of  which  Warren  Sawyer  is  president  and  George 
E.  Carr  cashier;  the  National  Webster  Bank,  Francis  Jaques  president,  and 
Charles  L.  Riddle  cashier;  the  Park  Commissioners  of  the  city  of  Boston; 
and  the  Boston  Water  Power  Company,  Jarvis  D.  Braman  president.  The 
American  Bank  Note  Company  have  their  office,  designing,  engraving,  and 
printing  rooms  in  this  building.  The  company  have  been  tenants  of  the 
New  England  Life-insurance  Company  for  nearly  30  years.  The  manager 
of  the  business  is  Benjamin  C.  Leonard.  Elsewhere  in  this  huge 
building  are  to  be  found  the  offices  of  many  leading  lawyers,  archi- 
tects, and  mills.  Among  the  latter  are  the  Merrimack  Manufacturing 
Company,  Charles  H.  Dalton  treasurer;  the  Atlantic  Cotton  Mills,  Wil- 
liam Gray,  jun.,  treasurer ;  the  Great  Falls  Manufacturing  Company , 
the  Everett  Mills ;  the  Manchester  Mills ;  the  Fiskdale  Mills ;  and  the 
Pacific  Mills,  Henry  Saltonstall  treasurer.  The  basement  was  construct 
ed  expressly  for,  and  is  now  occupied  by,  the  Boston  Safe  Deposit  and 
Trust  Company,  and  is  amply  fortified  and  defended  by  all  the  apph 
ances  of  modern  ingenuity,  to  baffle  the  skill  of  burglars.  Vast  amounts 
of  treasure,  in  various  forms,  are  kept  in  these  strong  and  secure 
fastnesses. 

The  John  Hancock  Mutual  Life-insurance  Company  of  Boston  was 
chartered  in  1861,  as  the  exponent  of  the  Massachusetts  non-forfeiture  law, 
and  was  the  first  company  to  pay  a  loss  under  that  law,  which  compels  the 
continuance  of  a  policy  in  force  until  the  policyholder  has  received  the  full 
benefits  of  the  premiums  paid  by  him.  The  assets  of  the  company  approach 
$3,000,000,  and  the  gross  payments  to  policy  holders  amount  to  more  than 
$4,000,000.  Notwithstanding  the  general  depression,  a  larger  business  was 
done  in  1877  than  in  any  year  preceding  since  1872;  the  actual  increase  in 
amount  at  risk  being  $383,100.  During  the  year  1877  the  company  intro- 
duced the  "  Industrial  Plan,"  the  object  of  which  is  to  present  to  the  labor- 
ing and  industrial  classes  a  form  of  insurance  within  their  reach,  that  they 
may  be  benefited  to  an  extent  within  their  ability  to  pay.  The  plan  has 
received  the  indorsement  of  insurance  experts  and  the  press.  This  com- 
pany, through  its  by  laws,  requires  the  policy-holders,  with  the  aid  of 
experts,  to  examine  its  condition  at  least  once  each  year.     During  the  past 


JUbertypc. — Forbes  Co.,  Bostun 
Suilding    of    tho 
NEW-ENGLAND    MUTUAL    LIFE    INSURANCE   CO., 
Post-Office    Square,    Boston. 


Benj,    F.    Stevens.    President. 


Joseph   M.   Gibbens,   Secretary. 


KING'S   HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON.  259 

four  years  twenty  different  persons  not  connected  with  the  management  of 
the  company  have  made  such  examinations.  The  president,  Hon.  Stephen 
H.  Rhodes,  was  for  six  years  connected  with  the  insurance  department  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts ;  and  the  secretary,  George  B.  Wood 
ward,  was  for  six  years  connected  with  the  New-England  Mutual  Life- 
insurance  Company  of  Boston.  The  insurance  department  says  that  there- 
is  no  American  life  insurance  company  making  more  rapid  progress  to  day 
than  the  John  Hancock  Life-Insurance  Company.  The  office  is  in  Sears 
Building,  corner  Court  and  Washington  Streets. 

The  Mutual  Life  of  New  York  (Frederick  S.  Winston  president),  which 
was  the  first  life  insurance  company  to  begin  operations  in  the  United  States, 
is  to  day  the  largest  moneyed  institution  in  America,  and  the  largest  corpo- 
ration in  the  world.  The  company's  assets  are  $20,000,006  larger  than 
those  of  the  Bank  of  England.  Its  gross  assets  are  nearly  $100,000,000, 
and  it  has  paid  to  policy-holders  the  enormous  sum  of  $185,000,000.  As 
it  was  organized  in  1843,  these  payments  are  at  the  rate  of  over  $4,000,000 
per  year,  and  $13,000  per  day,  holidays  and  Sundays  included.  The  number 
of  policies  in  force,  Dec.  31,  1882,  was  106,214;  and  the  amount  of  insurance 
covered  by  them  was  $329,000,000.  The  income  for  1882  was  $17,924,359. 
These  figures  barely  convey  an  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  Mutual  Life 
Company  or  its  operations  ;  but  they  do  show  that  the  company  is  justly 
entitled  to  own  the  most  elegant  structures  in  which  to  transact  its  busi- 
ness. Buildings  had  been  erected  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia;  and  it  was 
thought  advisable  to  erect  one  in  Boston  that  would  not  only  suitably  accom- 
modate its  extensive  New-England  business,  but  also  prove  a  profitable 
investment.  Accordingly,  one  of  the  most  eligible  sites  was  selected;  and 
now  the  building  stands  on  Milk  Street,  majestically  fronting  Post  office 
Square.  From  almost  every  part  of  the  city  and  harbor,  its  marble  tower, 
with  gilded  balcony,  can  be  seen  as  an  architectural  monument  of  the  com- 
pany's success,  that  was  achieved  by  honesty,  industry,  economy,  and  ability. 
This  superb  white  marble  edifice  is  said  to  be  the  finest  and  most  complete 
building  of  its  kind  on  this  continent,  and,  together  with  the  adjoining  build- 
ing, makes  unquestionably  the  handsomest  and  most  imposing  block  in 
New  England.  To  enter  into  the  details  of  its  construction  would  require 
more  space  than  can  be  allotted  here.  The  total  height  of  the  tower, 
the  gilded  crests,  and  the  iron  flagstaff,  is  234  feet.  From  the  balcony, 
198  ft.  6  in.  above  the  sidewalk,  can  be  obtained  the  best  possible  view 
of  Boston  and  its  surroundings.  The  clock  is  an  interesting  feature.  It 
has  four  dials,  each  10  ft.  6  in.  in  diameter;  and  the  hands  are  5  ft.  3  in.  long. 
The  striking-hammer  weighs  150  lbs.,  and  the  bell  3,700  lbs.  The  clock 
pendulum  is  15  feet  long;  and  the  three  immense  weights,  of  2,500  lbs., 
together  with  their  chains,  extend  45  feet  below  the  dials.     The  winding  up 


»6o 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


of  the  clock,  every  eighth  day,  requires  two  stout  men,  who  laboriously  turn 
a  crank  241  times  for  each  weight.  The  building  is  strictly  fireproof,  and 
contains  seven  floors,  including  the  basement.     Among  the  occupants  of  the 

first  floor  is  the  Bos- 
ton National  Bank, 
of  which  Charles  B. 
Hall  is  president. 
This  bank  has  a  cash 
capital  of  $1,000,000, 
and  is  the  United 
States  Depository. 
The  Eagle  Bank,  the 
Bank  of  the  Repub- 
lic,., and  the  Eliot 
Bank,  are  also  dom- 
iciled in  this  vast 
palace  of  finance. 
On  the  second  floor 
is  the  elegant  office 
of  Cornelius  G.  Att- 
wood,  the  general 
agent  for  Massachu- 
setts of  the  Mutual 
Life. 

The  American  Bell 
Telephone  Company 
and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka,  and  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  occupy 
the  chambers  above. 
The  Mutual  Life  is 
purely  mutual.  Ex- 
Gov.  A.  H.  Rice  and 
George  C.  Richard- 
son are  the  Boston 
trustees ;  and  to  them 
H  the    Boston    people 


Mutual  Life  Insurance  Cols.  building,  Post-office  Square. 


are  greatly  indebted 
for  this  building. 

The  Mutual  Benefit  Life-Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark,  N.J.,  was  organized 
in  May,  1845,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest,  largest,  and  best  companies  in  the 
-country.     It  is  now  in  the  thirty  fourth  year  of  a  uniformly  successful  busi- 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


261 


ness.  It  is  purely  mutual,  having  no  guaranty  capital  or  stock.  Its  gross 
assets  are  about  $36,000,000.  This  company  has  more  than  $12,000,000 
at  risk  in  Massachusetts,  the  greater  portion  being  on  lives  of  citizens  of 
Boston.  It  has  been  represented  in  this  city  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and 
has  paid  losses  here  amounting  to  more  than  $3,000,000.  Its  total  receipts 
have  exceeded  $100,000,000.  The  president  is  Amzi  Dodd  ;  and  the  Bos- 
ton agents  are  Hedges  &  Hodges,  whose  office  is  at  178  Devonshire  Street. 
The  Equitable  Life-Assurance  Society  of   New   York   has  erected,  on 

the  corner  of  Milk 
and  Devonshire 
Streets,  one  of  the 
grandest  and  most 
substantial  busi- 
ness edifices  in  this 
country.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  fre- 
quented places  in 
the  city.  The  three" 
comfortable  eleva- 
tors, incased  in 
brick  walls,  carry 
up  and  down  about 
3,000  persons  every 
day,  while  the  Se- 
curity Safe  Depos- 
it Vaults  in  the 
basement,  and  the 
several  leading 
banks  on  the  first 
floor,  cause  thou- 
sands of  persons  to 
enter  the  building 
daily.  On  the  up- 
per floors  are  the 
offices  of  several 
great  railroad  com- 
panies, the  Equita- 
ble Life  Assurance  Society,  and  the  U.S.  signal  service.  From  the  roof,  acces- 
sible to  all,  can  be  obtained  one  of  the  most  picturesque  views  of  Boston 
and  its  surroundings.  On  the  roof  is  the  time  ball  that  is  dropped  by 
telegraph  from  the  Harvard  Observatory  every  day  at  12  o'clock,  and 
serves  as  regulator  for  the  timepieces  of  the  people  in  the  same  manner  as 


Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society's  Building,  Milk  Street. 


262  XING'1  S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

the  Old  South   clock  did  in  times  past.     On  the  whole,  this  building,  its 
interior  and  exterior,  is  one  of  the  sights  of  Boston. 

There  are  also  many  agencies  for  life  insurance  companies  organized  in 
other  States,  and  3  agencies  for  companies  chartered  by  this  State. 

Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  was  effected  in  Boston  as  far  back  certainly 
as  1724,  but  the  business  for  many  years  was  done  only  by  individuals.  The 
first  company  chartered  by  the  Commonwealth  was  the  Massachusetts  Fire 
and  Marine  Insurance  Company,  in  1795;  which  continued  until  1848,  when 
its  charter  was  revoked.  In  1798  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Fire-insurance 
Company,  and  in  1799  the  Boston  Insurance  Company,  were  chartered. 
During  the  present  century  the  formation  of  companies  has  been  constant. 
From  many  causes,  and  especially  the  Great  Fire  of  1872,  a  large  number  of 
the  fire  and  marine  companies  have  disappeared  from  the  surface.  For 
losses  in  that  fire,  $60,000,000  were  paid  by  the  insurance  companies  doing 
business  in  Boston.  Without  this  money  to  aid  in  the  .rebuilding  of  the 
city  it  is  difficult  to  see  what  would  have  become  of  Boston.  To  the  fire- 
underwriters  also  is  due  the  formation  and  support  of  the  Boston  Protective 
Department  mentioned  in  another  chapter. 

Before  1872  most  of  the  fire-insurance  of  Boston  was  carried  by  the  local 
companies;  but  the  disastrous  results  of  "carrying  too  many  eggs  in  one 
basket "  showed  the  necessity  of  looking,  not  only  to  Boston,  but  to  the 
world,  for  capital  to  meet  the  calamities  that  can  befall  the  city  through 
extensive  conflagrations.  A  large  part  of  the  losses  by  the  Great  Fire  were 
paid  by  the  companies  of  other  States  and  countries  then  doing  business 
here  ;  and  for  that  reason  the  preference  over  local  companies  was  given 
them  by  insurers.  Since  then  a  large  number  of  companies,  some  from 
various  parts  of  Europe  and  North  America,  with  great  capitals,  have 
established  agencies  in  Massachusetts.  The  Great  Fire  made  another 
notable  change,  by  making  this  city  the  headquarters  for  New  England  of 
many  of  the  largest  foreign  and  American  companies  ;  and  their  trusted  and 
experienced  general  agents  and  adjusters  settled  here,  and  became  active 
citizens,  interested  equally  with  the  officers  of  the  local  companies  in  every 
thing  that  is  advantageous  to  Boston.  Many  of  these  men  have  joined  the 
ranks  of  the  local  agents.  The  insurance  agents  generally  are  men  of 
standing,  energy,  and  intelligence,  whose  persistency  in  conducting  their 
business  has  become  proverbial.  There  are  now  so  many  companies  and 
agencies  with  whom  parties  seeking  large  lines  of  insurance  would  have  to 
deal,  if  they  tried  to  effect  their  own  insurance,  that  the  necessity  of  having 
some  person  transact  the  business  of  the  assured  with  the  companies  has 
brought  forward  a  class  of  men  called  "  brokers."  These  seek  to  control 
the  insurance  of  firms,  and  to  divide  it  among  the  various  offices,  the  latter 


KING'S   HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  263 

paying  them  commissions.  Their  duty  to  the  assured  is  to  see  that  the 
policies  intended  to  cover  the  same  property. are  concurrent  and  correctly 
worded,  and  that  the  insurance  is  effected  in  reliable  companies  at  proper 
rates.  Many  agents  also  act  as  brokers,  and  take  care  of  the  full  line  of 
insurance  carried  by  their  patrons,  placing  in  other  agencies  whatever  they 
cannot  place  in  their  own.  In  the  "Boston  Directory"  there  is  a  list  of 
nearly  250  "insurance  agents,"  many  of  whom  do  partly  or  exclusively  a 
brokerage  business. 

The  Boston  companies,  whose  policies  are  now  sought  for  all  over  the 
country,  have  scattered  their  business ;  and  what  they  lose  in  amount  by, 
the  competition  on  local  business  they  more  than  regain  by  their  own  com- 
petition elsewhere.  The  wisdom  of  this  policy  must  be  plain ;  for  now,  in 
case  of  large  fires,  with  agencies  scattered  over  the  country,  the  companies, 
although  they  should  lose  their  whole  assets,  could,  possibly,  pay  their  losses 
as  fast  as  adjusted,  by  means  of  the  premiums  coming  in  from  other  parts. 

The  Boston  Fire -Underwriters'  Union  was  formed  as  the  result  of  a 
combination  of  the  Board  of  Fire-Insurance  Companies  and  the  Board  of 
Insurance  Agents  that  had  previously  existed.  Its  original  purpose  was  to 
establish  and  enforce  uniform  rates  of  premium ;  but  after  the  Great  Fire  of 
1872  it  influenced  the  introduction  of  many  fire-defences,  by  means  of  which 
both  the  old  and  the  new  sections  of  the  city  are  made  more  secure  against 
fire.  At  present  its  chief  work  is  to  gather  and  circulate  facts  of  all  kinds 
interesting  to  fire  underwriters.  Its  membership  includes  almost  all  agents 
and  local  companies.  The  president  is  George  F.  Osborne,  and  the  secre- 
tary Osborne  Howes,  jun.     The  office  is  at  35  Congress  Street. 

The  American  Insurance  Company  and  the  Mercantile  Marine  Insurance 
Company  were  the  only  two  Boston  joint-stock  fire-and  marine  companies 
that  at  the  time  of  the  Great  Fire,  in  1872,  not  only  paid  their  losses  in  full, 
but  also  kept  their  capital  intact  and  held  a  surplus  besides.  The  American 
was  incorporated  in  181 8.  The  main  causes  of  escaping  the  general  calam- 
ity were  its  careful  selection  of  risks,  and  its  large  reserve  funds,  which,  with 
its  capital,  amounted  in  1872  to  over  $900,000.  Notwithstanding  the  ac- 
cumulation of  a  reserve,  the  American  never  failed,  up  to  that  time,  to  pay 
its  semi-annual  dividends,  which  have  reached  30%  a  year.  Since  the  Great 
Fire,  which  cost  the  American  nearly  $500,000,  the  company,  in  pursuance 
of  its  admirable  policy  of  accumulating  a  large  reserve  fund  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  policy-holders,  passed  its  dividends  for  a  few  years ;  but  they 
have  since  been  resumed,  and  now  always  reach  10%  a  year,  —  the  largest 
percentage  allowed  by  law.  The  assets  of  the  company,  June  30,  1883,  were 
$587,680;  the  capital,  $300,000;  the  surplus,  $130,468;  and  the  liabilities, 
$157,211.  The  par  value  of  the  stock  is  $100;  and  the  market  value,  based 
on  the  last  sales,  is  $132.     The  American  is  the  only  Boston  fire  insurance 


264  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

company  owning,  exclusively,  its  own  office  building.  Its  first  president 
was  Francis  J.  Oliver,  who  held  the  office  18  years.  His  successor  for  28 
years  was  J.  Ingersoll  Bowditch,  the  son  of  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  whom  he 
aided  in  making  the  calculations  of  the  famous  Navigator's  Tables.  The 
third  president,  Charles  Eliot  Guild,  was  in  office  9  years.  He  is  the 
brother  in  law  of  President  Eliot  of  Harvard  University,  and  is  to  day  the 
general  agent  of  the  Liverpool  and  London  and  Globe  Insurance  Company 
of  England.  The  fourth  and  present  president  is  Francis  Peabody,  who 
has  held  the  office  since  1873.  The  directors  are:  Francis  Peabody,  J.  I. 
Bowditch,  William  Perkins,  James  S.  Amory,  William  B.  Bacon,  George  B. 
Chase,  Charles  J.  Morrill,  John  F.  Anderson,  J.  Murray  Forbes,  R.  D. 
Rogers,  George  A.  Gardner,  W.  M.  Whitney,  Jacob  C.  Rogers.  The  secre- 
tary, elected  in  1872,  is  Joseph  W.  Field.  The  office  of  the  American  In- 
surance Company  is  at  No.  54  State  Street. 

The  Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company  was  mentioned 
in  the  sketch  of  the  American  Insurance  Company  as  one  of  the  only  two 
Boston  joint  stock  fire  and-marine  companies,  that,  after  paying  in  full  their 
losses  by  the  Great  Fire  of  1872,  were  left  with  a  surplus  over  their  cash  capi- 
tals. The  Mercantile  Marine  for  over  half  a  century  has  ranked  among  the 
foremost  marine  insurance  companies,  of  New  England.  It  confined  its 
business  to  marine  risks  until  1871,  when  it  began  to  take  fire  risks.  The 
company  was  chartered  in  1823,  and  has  always  been  successful.  Its  cash 
dividends  have  averaged  over  10%  a  year.  Moreover,  in  1876,  out  of  its  large 
surplus  it  made  a  stock  dividend  of  $100,000  by  which  its  capital  stock  was 
increased  to  $400,000.  Its  assets  are  over  $700,000,  its  suiplus  over  $180,- 
000,  and  its  liabilities  about  $100,000.  The  Mercantile  Marine  is  known  as 
one  of  the  most  conservative  companies.  Its  fire  insurance  is  confined 
chiefly  to  the  best  class  of  risks,  and  is  scattered  throughout  the  United 
States  by  means  of  agents  in  the  principal  cities.  Since  1824  there  have 
been  only  four  presidents:  Joseph  Baker,  12  years,  1824-36;  Nathaniel 
Meriam,  27  years,  1836-63;  Stephen  H.  Bullard,  10  years,  1863-73;  and 
George  R.  Rogers,  the  present  incumbent.  Mr.  Rogers  has  been  connected 
with  the  company  25  years,  —  7  years  as  secretary,  —  prior  to  his  election  as 
president  July,  1873.  B.  F.  Field,  jun.,  has  been  secretary  since  1873.  Ed- 
ward Wigglesworth,  a  descendant  of  the  famous  person  of  that  name,  was  a 
director  for  40  years.  George  R.  Minot,  of  Minor,  Hooper,  &  Co.,  has  been 
a  director  for1  the  past  40  years.  The  company's  office  is  at  58  State  Street, 
the  same  place  where  it  has  been  for  60  years.  The  old  Custom  House 
stood  on  this  site ;  and  when  it  was  torn  down,  the  Mercantile  Marine  In- 
surance Company  became  possessors  of  the  two  carved  statues  of  "  Hope  " 
and  "Justice  "  which  stand  in  the  office.  In  February,  1882,  the  name  was 
changed  to  Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


265 


John  C.  Paige  is  the  leading  fire-insurance  agent  in  Boston,  —  doing 
the  largest  business,  and  representing  the  greatest  amount  of  capital. 
Moreover,  his  offices,  which  were  wholly  remodelled  and  newly  furnished 
in  October,  1880,  at  20  Kilby  Street,  are  unsurpassed  for  their  elegance, 
convenience,  and  arrangement.  Twelve  years  ago  Mr.  Paige  was  recognized 
by  the  profession  throughout  this  country  as  a  skilful  adjuster  of  fire  losses, 
and  as  an  experienced  general  agent.  Duties  incident  to  the  Great  Fire  of 
1872  brought  him  to  this  city,  where  he  subsequently  decided  to  establish 
a  local  insurance- 
agency  in  connec- 
tion with  his  gen- 
eral agency  busi- 
ness ;  and  to-day 
by  reason  of  his 
great  ability, 
varied  experi- 
ence, extreme 
popularity,  and  in- 
domitable energy, 
he  has  placed 
himself  in  the 
foremost  rank  of 
the  underwriters 
in  the  United 
States.  The  com- 
panies he  repre 
sents  are  the 
"  Imperial  Fire  of 
London,'  Eng.," 
"Orient  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,"  "Re'-  J<>hn  &  Paige,  20  Kilby  Street. 

assurances  Generales  of  Paris,  France,"  "  The  City  of  London  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company  of  England,"  "Fire  Association  of  Philadelphia,"  and 
"  Niagara  Fire  of  New  York."  The  gross  assets  of  these  companies  exceed 
fifty  million  dollars.  This  agency's  business  extends  throughout  the  United 
States,  for  Mr.  Paige  is  the  American  general  agent  for  the  Reassurances 
Generales  and  City  of  London  companies.  In  the  Boston  office  are  up- 
wards of  fifty  male  and  female  employes,  all  arranged  and  equipped  so  as  to 
do  the  greatest  amount  of  work  in  the  shortest  time  and  with  the  least  con- 
fusion.  John  C.  Paige  personally  is  one  of  those  genial,  whole-souled  men, 
with  whom  it  is  always  a  pleasure  to  do  business.  "  Nothing  mean  about 
him,"  never  was  more  fitly  applied  to  any  man ;  and  this  characteristic  is 


266  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

evidenced  by  his  every  action  in  public  and  private  life.  His  name  is 
already  more  favorably  and  widely  known  to  the  Boston  people  than  is  that 
of  any  other  insurance  agent. 

The  Boston  Marine  Insurance  Company,  incorporated  in  1873,  's  the 
largest  marine  insurance  company  of  any  kind  in  New  England,  and  the 
largest  purely  marine  insurance  company  on  the  stock  plan  in  the  United 
States.  It  has  a  greater  surplus  over  all  liabilities  than  has  any  fire  or  marine 
insurance  company  in  Massachusetts.  Its  assets  exceed  $2,000,000;  while 
its  liabilities  are  only  about  $600,000,  of  which  about  $500,000  are  for  pre- 
miums (at  100  per  cent)  on  risks  not  yet  terminated.  Its  capital  is  $1,000,000, 
full  paid.  Its  usual  dividends  are  ten  per  cent  a  year,  and  the  market-value 
of  its  stock  is  fifty  per  cent  above  its  par  value.  The  net  earnings  of  the 
company  have  averaged,  since  the  commencement  of  its  business,  $100,000 
a  year,  less  than  one  half  of  which  has  been  divided  among  its  stockholders, 
the  balance  being  placed  to  surplus  account.  The  business  of  the  company 
is  exclusively  marine  and  inland  insurance  on  hulls  and  cargoes.  The  offices 
in  Boston  are  on  the  first  floor  of  the  First  National  Bank  Building,  No.  17 
State  Street,  corner  of  Devonshire ;  and  the  offices  in  New  York  are  at  No. 
43  Wall  Street.  The  president  of  the  company  is.  Ransom  B.  Fuller,  who 
was  its  chief  organizer,  and  who  has  been  its  only  president.  The  secre- 
tary is  Thomas  H.  Lord,  who  has  held  the  same  position  since  1876. 

The  Shoe  and  Leather  Insurance  Company,  by  increasing  its  cash 
capital  in  1881  to  $600,000,  became  the  largest  joint-stock  fire  and  marine 
insurance  company  of  Boston.  The  present  organization  dates  to  1872;  the 
former  Shoe  and  Leather  Insurance  Company  having,  like  almost  every  simi- 
lar local  corporation,  succumbed  in  the  Great  Fire  of  1872.  Since  its  re  or- 
ganization it  has  had  a  progressively  successful  career.  It  has  extended  its 
field  of  operations,  enlarged  its  business,  and  increased  its  assets.  The  capi- 
tal stock  is  $600,000,  and  the  assets  about  $1,000,000.  From  1872  to  1879 
the  office  was  at  52  Devonshire  Stieet;  then  it  was  removed  to  a  hand- 
somely fitted  up  office  in  the  Tremont  Bank  Building,  No.  16  Congress 
Street.  The  president,  John  C.  Abbott,  is  one  of  the  oldest  persons  now 
an  officer  of  any  insurance  company  in  the  city.  He  was  born  in  Concord, 
N.H.,  Feb.  19,  1810.  Up  to  the  year  1829  he  was  learning  the  shoe  business 
in  Lynn;  then  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  and  was  engaged  in  the  shoe  business 
until  1848,  when  he  returned  to  Boston,  and,  in  1857,  was  elected  to  his  pres- 
ent position  of  president  of  this  company,  to  succeed  George  Hood.  The 
directors  are  men  of  wealth  and  reputation  in  the  business  community  : 
they  include  L.  B.  Harrington,  William  H.  Hill,  Silas  Potter,  James  C.  Bay- 
ley,  James  Tucker,  John  Cummings,  R.  Stuart  Chase,  John  C.  Abbott, 
Charles  O.  Foster,  George  C.  Barrett,  N.  W.  Rice,  Joseph  H.  Gray,  D.  W. 
Salisbury,  and  A.  H.  Alden. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


267 


in 
u 

'5 
m 
a, 


o 
u 

0) 
CJ 

a 
a 

■~ 
3 

c 


rt 

3 
to 

a! 
u 

-a 
c 

a 


0) 

a 
o 

o 
pq 


PS 

W 

0) 

a 


bo 

13 

'% 
O 


<L> 

H 


V) 

V 

"a 

ft 


o 
O 

w 
G 
1* 

•d 

c 
rt 

4) 

1* 


o 

o 

CO 


c 
0 


o 
in 
3 
J3 
o 
rt 
w 
tn 
as 


tn  in 

in  u 

K  in 


2d 

K  Id 
O  H 
y  < 


—  .  r    ~  —   n  tn 
LO^OOCO  2   JJ 


co     oou-co 


D    ^V    f  D    IJ    u 
re  —   re   re   c 


u  "-  u 

rt  mi" 


w : 


aj 

U 

u 

n 

U 

1) 

QJ 

u 

t/}  (/}  O.  t/} 

ix 

a> 

0) 

0 

0) 

h/i 

'-: 

CX 

c 

D 

CO 


co  >oo!*.co./.  oU  £  ooocooocoo  uU  c  5co 


£03 


r-  o  &  r*>J"  00  >  rr  oioo  •*  o  n  re  vo  9"i°° 
m  en  n  to  hm  -tj-^- CJi  in  tnvo  r^ -3-C0  nCOi— I  ro 


■p 
fro 

£  re  « 

J>    ui    O 


>  c  °  A 
o.S  u  g 

g£u| 
2  .w.  a 


Egg- 

(J  re 
c— 1 


^KOJKK. 


n 

Sir  ci  J 
[■•>  t-  r-  re  S 

g  cffiWffi 
■  S«S g £ 

:  c  £^  b»  M  2 
;  re  u  3  "  " 

^X  PQ  W  W  fa 


o.22_:  u 

1/7  ~T     3     <* 

SfcKH.  1 

C£    in  -a  T3 
4J    »-    »- 

—  £  re 
.^-  re  T3 


J=  re"a    • 
' ''  co  W  < 


•v  ~ 

O    -2 

rew 
u 

0h< 


v.*.  re 
-^  "-^ 

,3"re  ° 

Sa  = 
c  11* 
j  re  gC 


rs       u  S 


<fa" 

K, « 

00  3 

si- 


iHJg.0J! 


£c^ 


.    a) 

.•Eg 


'•16 


P-SoS 

f  i-j3  re 

o  ^3  j: 


V  ' 


re  u 


0) 


re  * 

UK 


coOO<fa?^>^-l^ 


m    1000    t^-0    -^-"i-O    O    t^-C^N    t^joo^  O   c^  rn  c^  o  O 
t»    h    CO  o"  't  cTvO*«0    ^-^cTtCtCM    N    mvO    10  NCO* 

r--.vo  0000  r-M  o«NNmNH  o  nco  o»t^o-<rM 


rt 


o 
C   M 

o  c 


■S.gu 


u 


rt 


V. 


aj  _tn 


1-  3 


•  -   o 


oCu 
re"  tj'S  cj^J*J't:j 


u 

c 
C . 
re  \r. 


V 


CJ 


r    fa 


<pap3(aQWWfc1tMoSS^!5Mfl0O 


-r 

C 
O 

w 

fin 

tc 

t- 

c 

■o 

X 

c 

00  r1 

£ 

00  n  nw  n  wintNOO  omrnNN  «\on  000  m 
m  in  *^-  r^  r-  t^  ^  r^-vo  vo  r^c*  csNtsinNTf-th. 
cooooocooooooooocooocooooooooocooooooooo 


268 


KING  \S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


c 

■6 

g 

.     .                .                     .1/1. 

♦J  *J             **                  *-   l>  *J 

4J    U                *>                       U  ■?    U 

u  u            }>                n  !;  <u 

4J    u 

u    j-              fcj                   i-   rt   i- 

41    O 

Id* 

c?5  co     g^3           w?jw 

Id' 

t)  rt 

E 

ire 
ire 
:et. 

Pla 
.ire 

et. 
et 
ire 

ire 

u 
E 

iVSiJ 

u. 
o 

131  Devonsh 
131  Devonsh 
52  State  Stre 
8  Exchange 
131  Devonsh 
Dorchester. 
49  Stale  Stre 
28  State  Stre 
131  Devonsh 
Thompson  Si 
131  Devonsh 

U. 
O 

44  Kilby  St 
46  Congress 
20  Exchang 
27  State  Str 

OT 

0 

ffl 

(A 

C 

>• 

< 
H 
III 

Edward  PI.  Sprague 
William  B.  Whiting. 
George  L  Deblois. 
Joseph  W.  Peabody. 
Benjamin  F.  Taft. 
William  F.  Temple. 
William  L.  Caverly. 
John  M.  Corbett. 
Frederick  S.  Cabot. 
George  H.  Penderga 
William  B   Whiting. 

(0 
4) 

O 

c 

4> 

be 

< 

h 

6 
0 

m 

.4) 

'5 

Ctf 

u 

w 

in 

z 

Id 
O 

< 

well, 
sodman 
Rothery 
r. 

eg 

Cu 

a 

o 
O 

C 

C.  T.  Po 
James  G< 
J.  J.  E.  ] 
W.  Porte 

u 

c 

« 

.;               • 

4) 

H 

z 
u 
a 

Waldo  Higginson 
Edward  Atkinson. 
William  Perkins. 
Henry  C.  Bigelow. 
William  C.  Plunket 
Edmund  J.  Baker. 
John  H.  Dane. 
Charles  B.  Cumings 
William  H.  Kent. 
Amos  Stone. 
Edward  Atkinson 

2 

0 

c 

E 

'S 

rt 
CU 

e 

W    «* 

in  H 
O  Id 
K  in 

m  0  vo  m 
m  ■**-  r^  m 

-*  t^  0">M0 
N*  inocTvO* 

Tf  m  in  m 

•d 

c 

55 

id 

.2 
E 
c 

0 
0 

0 

O  <g 

00  ■*  moo 

u 

on 

•3 

3 

c 

'1- 

rt 

Id* 
y 

U 

rt 

H 

vo  m  w  t-^  -i-  r-  i*-  r^  0  0  0 

c 

tl 

0 

s  ^  . 

3 

in  c/i 

Nwcooa  o>  ro  noo  r^co  00 

Id 

in  u  C 

10   o>  H  00   Omo    *  in  0   0>  ■« 

c 
rt 

E  u  0  c 
2  o"°-- 

4-* 

s 

O  vo  \o  10"  h    n~  in  0"  m  tC  m 

s 

0 

PS  <" 

>OCO    «    0  lO  VO    M    H    MIO    ^ 

2 

O  in 

vo^  0^  m  co  t-i  mm  moo       « 

u 

M 

J5^<o- 

» 

c 

£ 

o 

•M 

^H 

(0 

cd 

O 

• 

3 

•  ■  • 

m 

"in 

u 

u 
3 
U 

.2 

3 

on 

3 
■  3     • 

.a  . 

e 

u 

rt 

(0 

, 

lii 

s 

< 
2 

V 

ft 

•  s  • 

tj 

■JS   • 

3 
■  C     • 
1  rt 

s  • 

s 

c 

«j 
=3 

0 
■  0 

> 

"Si 

1 
■ 

< 

i 

1  t 

H 

"u 

3 
.C 
O 
rt 

(0 

en 

rt 

2 

Id 
S 

< 

z 

e  Mutual .     . 
nts'  and  Farme 
ack  Mutual  . 

Arkwri] 

Boston 

China 

Citizen: 

Cotton 

Dorche: 

India 

Massac 

Mill  Ov 

Mutual 

1 

Holyok 
Mercha 
Merrim 
Quincy 

K  Id 

0  0  mvo  inmtso  m  m  >■ 

1 

O  j- 
u  < 

mio  00  h 

O  H 

u  < 

h  mifttN  mvo  r^  r^io  ex 

) 

^*-  ^-  in  in 

oooooocooooococoooooa 

> 

00  00  00  CO 

M    M     M     W 

Z  K 

2  K 

- 

KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON.  269 


Cjje  JTtnanctal  Institutions, 

NATIONAL  AND  SAVINGS   BANKS,    BANKERS,   SAFE-DEPOSIT  AND 

TRUST  COMPANIES. 

THE  first  bank  in  America  was  established  in  Boston.  It  began 
a  three-years'  course  in  1686,  and  loaned  money  on  real  and  per- 
sonal estate  and  imperishable  merchandise.  The  second  American  bank 
was  opened  in  this  city  in  1714.  It  issued  $400,000  of  scrip,  called  "mer- 
chants' notes,"  which  sustained  a  good  credit  while  the  bank  passed  through 
its  short  career.  In  1740  "The  Land  Bank"  was  organized  by  700  or  800 
persons,  to  afford  relief  at  a  time  of  scarcity  of  specie.  The  "Specie 
Bank "  was  in  operation  at  the  same  time.  They  were  only  the  stepping- 
stones  to  the  solid  banks  that  were  founded  later. 

In  1782  a  branch  of  the  Bank  of  North  America,  a  Philadelphian  insti- 
tution, was  incorporated  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts.  This 
institution  was  a  signal  success,  and  after  it  were  modelled  many  banks 
organized  in  the  commercial  cities  of  the  United  States-  The  first  bank 
firmly  established  in  Boston,  and  the  second  in  America,  was  the  Massa- 
chusetts Bank,  chartered  in  1784.  From  that  time  the  history  of  the  finan- 
cial institutions  is  somewhat  voluminous,  and  we  shall  have  to  pass  on  to 
a  cursory  glance  at  those  of  to  day.  Boston  has  59  national  banks,  a  larger 
number  than  any  other  city  in  the  United  States.  They  have  a  cash  capital 
of  $52,000,000,  about  the  same  amount  as  the  total  capital  of  the  New  York 
City  national  banks.  Their  surplus,  Dec-  30,  1882,  amounted  to  $12,235,463. 
Thirty  banks  of  the  city  of  Boston  have  cash  capitals  of  $1,000,000,  or  more, 
each  ;  and  the  banks  of  no  other  city  in  the  world  can  make  a  similar  show- 
ing:. The  banks  of  Boston  are  noted  for  their  conservatism,  and  also  for 
their  laige  proportion  of  capital  to  deposits. 

To  give  a  mere  outline  of  the  history  of  these  banks,  would  require  too 
much  space  for  a  work  of  this  kind.  A  complete  list  of  them  and  their 
officers  will  be  found  on  the  following  pages.  Prominent  among  the  great 
number  of  banks  in  Boston  noted  for  their  sound  financial  basis,  ranks  — 

The  Merchants  National  Bank,  chartered  in  1 83 1  as  the  Merchants 
Bank.  In  July  of  the  same  year  it  went  into  operation  with  a  capital  of 
$500,000.  In  1833  the  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Treasury  selected  it 
as  a  depository  of  the  public  moneys  ;  and  in  1841,  when  the  United  States 
Sub-treasury  was  abolished,  this  bank  was  again  chosen  as  depository,  and 


270  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

was  at  that  time  the  only  Boston  bank  to  receive  government  deposits.  In 
1835  the  bank  purchased  from  the  United  States  Bank  the  site  of  its  present 
building  on  State  Street.  The  ground  covers  an  area  of  8,000  square  feet, 
and  the  property  is  assessed  on  $600,000.  The  bank  has  increased  its  capi- 
tal successively  to  $750,000,  $1,500,000,  $2,000,000,  $2,500,000,  $3,000,000, 
and  $4,000,000.  In  1864  it  began  business  as  a  national  bank  with  a  capital 
of  $3,000,000,  and  authority  to  increase  it  to  $6,000,000.  It  has  paid  regu- 
larly semi  annual  dividends  since  it  commenced  business.  It  has  issued 
since  1835  no  bill  of  a  lower  denomination  than  $5.00.  Its  capital  of  $3,000,- 
000  is  the  largest  in  New  England,  and  is  $1,000,000  larger  than  that  of  any 
other  bank  in  Boston.  Its  circulation  is  $2,000,000,  and  its  surplus  upwards 
of  $1,000,000.  Franklin  Haven  has  been  president  since  1837;  a  longer 
term  of  service  than  any  bank  president  in  the  city.  The  cashier  is  George 
R.  Chapman;  and  the  directors  are  Franklin  Haven,  Benjamin  F.  Burgess, 
F.  Haven,  jun.,  J.  Huntington  Wolcott,  T.  Jefferson  Coolidge,  J.  F.  Ander 
son,  and  George  A.  Gardner. 

The  National  Revere  Bank  of  Boston  was  organized  May  3,  1859,  under 
the  general  banking  law,  as  the  Revere  Bank.  July  1,  1865,  it  re  organized 
under  the  national  banking  law,  and  assumed  its  present  title.  At  first 
it  occupied  a  part  of  the  second  floor  in  the  granite  building  owned  by  the 
Sears  Estate,  and  situated  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  Devonshire 
Streets.  The  Great  Fire  of.  1872  destroyed  the  building;  but  all  the  bank's 
books  and  papers  were  saved.  Temporary  quarters  were  then  secured  in 
the  Sears  Building  on  Washington  Street,  corner  of  Court  Street.  There 
the  bank  continued  business  until  the  completion  (July  1,  1874). of  the  beau- 
tiful marble  building  on  the  site  of  the  bank's  former  rooms.  In  this  new 
building  —  corner  of  Devonshire  and  Franklin  Streets  —  the  first  floor  was 
specially  finished  for  the  National  Revere  Bank,  and  provided  with  the  most 
approved  fire  and  burglar  proof  safes,  as  well  as  all  conveniences  for  bank 
business.  The  capital  originally  was  $600,000 ;  but  a  few  months  after  the 
bank  began  business  it  was  increased  to  $1,000,000,  and  subsequently  it  was 
fixed  at  its  present  amount,  $1,500,000.  Samuel  H.  Walley,  the  first  presi- 
dent, continued  in  office  until  his  death,  Aug.  27,  1877.  His  successor  was 
Samuel  C.  Cobb,  who  held  the  position  until  March  30,  1878,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  George  S.  Bullens.  The  first  cashier,  John  W.  Lefavour, 
resigned  June  6,  1869,  by  reason  of  ill-health;  and  H.  Blasdale,  who  has 
been  connected  with  the  bank  from  the  time  of  its  organization,  was 
elected.  The  list  of  directors  has  always  included  the  names  of  Boston's 
most  active  and  most  successful  business  men,  and  at  present  the  list  is  as 
follows :  Osmyn  Brewster,  John  Cowdin,  George  P.  Denny,  Samuel  Park- 
man  Dexter,  Joseph  Sawyer,  James  A.  Woolson,  John  C.  Potter,  Franklin 
E.  Gregory,  Gorham  Rogers,  George  S.  Bullens,  Charles  E.  Raymond,  and 
George  A.  Alden. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


271 


Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.,  one  of  the  leading  banking-houses  of  Boston, 
occupy  spacious  and  handsomely  furnished  rooms  in  the  Simmons  Building, 
at  the  corner  of  Devonshire  and  Water  Streets,  and  opposite  the  Post  Office. 
This  firm  was  organized  Oct.  1,  1869,  by  Messrs.  Spencer  W.  Richardson, 
William  H.  Hill,  jun.,  and  Edward  D.  Adams,  and  opened  its  office  in  the 
Sears  Building,  at  the  head  of  State  Street.  Mr.  Richardson  had  advanced 
from  a  clerkship  in  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railioad  office  to  a  position  in 
the  Laconia  and  Peppeiell  companies,  and  the  treasurership  of  the  Saco 


Union  Building,  State  Street. 


Water  power  Machine-shop  Company.  Mr.  Hill  had  made  a  comfortable 
little  fortune  in  a  few  years  from  the  book  and  stationery  business,  which  he 
carried  on  in  a  store  on  the  historic  old  Cornhill.  The  third  partner  in  the 
original  firm  of  Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.  was  Edward  D.  Adams,  who  went 
out  in  1878,  to  enter  the  firm  of  Winslow,  Lanier,  &  Co.  of  New  York.  In 
the  same  year  Messrs.  Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.  admitted  to  partnership  Mr. 
Henry  W.  Dodd,  formerly  connected  with  one  of  the  banks  at  Bangor,  and 
afterwards  cashier  in  this  house.  Two  years  later  (Oct.  1,  1880)  the  firm 
took  into  partnership  Messrs.  Frank  E.  James  and  George  A.  Farlow,  who 


272  KING'S   HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

had  been  connected  with  the  establishment,  in  clerical  capacities,  respec- 
tively from  1 87 1  and  1873. 

The  firm  of  Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.,  founded  with  a  small  capital,  and 
on  the  edge  of  a  national  financial  panic,  has  gone  steadily  forward,  winning 
a  high  reputation  for  good  management  and  fair  dealing,  and  expanding  its 
volume  of  business  to  vast  dimensions.  The  long  period  of  stagnation  in 
trade  which  followed  the  panic  of  1873  was  successfully  encountered  by  the 
young  house;  and,  in  the  subsequent  eager  and  intense  competition,  they 
occupied  and  maintained  a  very  favorable  position,  continually  augmenting 
their  resources  and  enlarging  their  field  of  operations.  In  addition  to  the 
banking  and  brokerage  business  carried  on  here,  the  office  of  Richardson, 
Hill,  &  Co.  has  an  interest  to  the  general  public  from  the  fact  that  here  are 
the  headquarters  of  several  important  enterprises,  in  which  the  members  of 
the  firm  have  official  positions. 

The  firm  has  also  been  largely  engaged  in  the  matter  of  government 
credits,  holding  important  positions  in  the  syndicates  formed.  They  are, 
moreover,  agencies  for  the  placing  of  city,  county,  and  state  bonds,  and 
corporate  and  other  loans  ;  and  deal  in  the  best  investment  securities  rated 
on  the  stock  exchange,  buying  and  selling  on  orders  in  the  different  stock 
exchanges  of  the  country,  being  connected  with  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
and  Baltimore  by  private  telegraph  wire.  They  also  buy  and  sell  first-class 
commercial  paper,  the  volume  of  their  transactions  in  this  line  running  up 
to  millions  annually.  They  have  an  extensive  list  of  correspondents  and 
agents,  and  all  other  requisites  for  the  transaction  of  a  prosperous  business. 

The  chief  banks  and  banking  houses  are  in  the  vicinity  of  State  Street, 
and  around  the  Post  Office,  and  in  the  wholesale  business  district ;  and 
several  of  them  have  very  handsome  and  stately  buildings,  sumptuously 
furnished,  and  abounding  in  offices..  There  was  but  one  failure  among  the 
Boston  banks  in  the  great  financial  panic  of  1857  ;  and  the  subsequent 
periods  of  commercial  depression  have  been  safely  passed  through  by  these 
strong  and  conservative  institutions,  whose  destinies  have  been  watched 
over  by  sagacious  directors  and  well  tried  officials.  Even  when  the  banks 
of  the  other  great  citieshave  been  in  a  shaking  condition,  thes^  have  stood 
fast,  sustaining  the  credit  of  the  merchants  of  Boston,  and  averting  financial 
disaster  until  the  latest  moment.  They  have  always  been  among  the  last 
to  suspend  specie  payments,  and  the  first  to  resume ;  and  the  ability  and 
judgment  shown  in  their  management  have  won  the  popular  support  and, 
approval.  The  vast  wealth  concentrated  in  these  corporations  has  been 
generally  regarded  as  one  of  the  prides  of  Boston,  and  as  yet  has  never 
aroused  invidious  feelings  among  the  great  mass  of  the  people,  whose  wel- 
fare, indeed,  is  closely  connected  with  that  of  the  great  treasuries  of  New 
England. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


2  73 


The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  national  banks  of  Boston 


NAME. 


Atlantic 

Atlas 

Blackstone 

Blue  Hill 

Boston 

Boylston 

Broadway 

Bunker  Hill     .... 

Central 

Columbian 

Continental      .... 

Eliot 

Everett 

Faneuil  Hall    .... 

First 

First  Ward 

Fourth 

Freeman's 

Globe 

Hamilton 

Howard 

Lincoln  

Manufacturers'     .     .     . 

Market 

Massachusetts      .     .     . 

Maverick 

Mechanics' 

Merchandise    .... 

Merchants' 

Metropolitan    .... 

Monument 

Mount  Vernon  .  .  . 
Nat'l  Bank  of  Commerce 
Nat'l  Bank  Commonw'th 
Nat'l  Bank  N.  America, 
Nat'l  Bank  Redemption, 
Nat'l  Bank  of  Republic  . 
National  City  .... 
National  Eagle  .  .  . 
National  Exchange  .  . 
Nat'l  Hide  and  Leather, 
Nat'l  Market  of  Brighton, 
National  Revere  .  . 
National  Rockland  . 
National  Security 
National  Union  .  . 
National  Webster 
New  England  .     .     . 

North 

Old  Boston .... 

People's 

Second    

Shawmut     .... 
Shoe  and  Leather 

State  

Suffolk 

Third 

Traders' 

Tremont      .... 
Washington      .     .     . 


OFFICE. 


Kilby  and  Doane  Sts. 

8  Sears  Building    . 
132  Hanover  Street 
Washington  St.,Doich 
Mutual  Life  Building, 
616  Washington  St. 
43  Milk  Street   .     . 

21  City  Sq.,  Ch'stown 
121  Devonshire  Street 
65  Slate  Street   .     . 
51  Summer  Street  . 
Mutual  Life  Building 
N.  E.  Life  Building 

3  South  Market  St. 
17  State  Street   .     . 

1  Winthrop  Bl'k,  E.B 
34  Blackstone  Street 
in  Summer  Street 
40  State  Street    .     . 
60  Devonshire  Street 
19  Congress  Street 
150  Devonshire  Street 
88  Summer  Street  . 
86  State  Street  .     . 

60  Congress  Street 
50  Water  Street 
115  Dorchester  Ave. 
Mason  Building 

28  State  Street  .     . 

4  Post  Office  Square 
Thompson  Sq.,Ch'st'n 
13  Franklin  Street. 

9  Sears  Building    . 
Devonshire  Street  . 
106  Franklin  Street 
85  Devonshire  Street 
Mutual  Life  Building 

61  State  Street  .     . 
Mutual  Life  Building 
28  State  Street   .     . 
70  Federal  Street    . 
Market  St.,  Brighton 
100  Franklin  Street 
2343  Washington  St. 
79  Court  Street .     . 
40  State  Street  .     . 
N.  E.  Life  Building 
67  State  Street  .     . 
109  Franklin  Street 
48  State  Street   .     . 
114  Dudley  Street  . 
199  Washington  Street 
60  Congress  Street 
150  Devonshire  Street 
40  State  Street  .     . 
60  State  Street  .     . 

8  Congress  Street  . 
91  State  Street  .     . 
State  cor.  Congress  St 
47  State  Street  .     .     . 


CAPITAL. 


$750,000 

1,500,000 

1,500,000 

200,000 

1,000,000 

700,000 

200,000 

500,000 

500,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

400,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,000,000 

200,000 

200,000 

800,000 

1 ,000,000 

750,000 

1 ,000,000 

300,000 

500,000 

800,000 

800,000 

400,000 

250,000 

500,000 

3,000,000 

200,000 

150,000 

200,000 

1,500,000 

500,000 

1 ,000,000 

1 ,000,000 

1 ,500,000 

1 ,000,000 

1 ,000,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,500,000 

250,000 

1,500,000 

300,000 

250,000 

1 ,000,000 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

900,000 

300,000 

1,600,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

2,000,000 

1,500,000 

600,000 

600,000 

2,000,000 

750,000 


PRESIDENT. 


Isaac  Pratt,  jun. 
J.  G.  Wetherell. 
Joshua  Loring. 
E.  T.  Bispham. 
Charles  B.  Hall. 
Joseph  T.  Bailey. 
Axel  Dearborn. 
Edward  Lawrence. 
Samuel  Carr,  jun. 
John  T.  Coohdge. 
Oliver  Ditson. 
Wm.  H.  Goodwin. 
Warren  Sawyer. 
Nathan  Robbins. 
John  Carr. 
Chas.  R.  McLean. 
W.  W.  Kimball. 
John  H.  Rogers. 
C.  O.  Billings. 
A.  H.  Bean. 
Reub.E.Demmon. 
Joseph  Davis. 
Chester  Guild. 
Chas.O.Whitmore. 
H.  A.  Rice. 
Asa  P.  Potter. 
Jas.  W.  Converse. 
Israel  G.Whitney. 
Franklin  Haven. 
Walt.S.Blanchard. 
James  O.  Curtis. 
Thomas  N.  Hart. 
Caleb  H.  Warner. 
A.  L.  Newman. 
Isaac  T.  Burr. 
Wm.  D.  Forbes. 
Chas.  A.  Vialle. 
Chas.  L.  Thayer. 
R.  S.  Covell. 
Ed.  L.  Tead. 
George  Ripley. 
Granville  Fuller. 
Geo.  S.  Bullens. 
Samuel  Little. 
Sam'l  A.  Carlton. 
G.  Whitney. 
Francis  Jaques. 
Thomas  Lamb. 
J.  B.  Witherbee. 
H.  W.  Pickering. 
Henry  Guild. 
James  H.  Beal. 
John  Cummings. 
Benjamin  E.  Cole. 
A.  W.  Stetson. 
A.  L.  Edmands. 
P.  L.  Everett. 
Edward  Sands. 
William  Perkins. 
Eben  Bacon. 


CASHIER. 


James  T.  Drown. 
Charles  L.  Lane. 
James  Adams. 
S.  J.  Willis. 
D.  B.  Hallett. 

D.  S.  Waterman. 
A.  Adams. 
Chas.  R.Lawrence. 
J.  W.  Derby. 

J.  M.  Gordon. 
Charles  F.  Smith. 

F.  Harrington. 
J.  E.  Reynolds. 
T.  G.  Hiler. 
Chas.  H.  Draper. 

G.  W.  Morse. 
A.  W.  Newell. 

E.  S.  Haywaid. 
C.  H.  Cole 

Geo.  W.  Newhall. 
S.  F.  Wilkms. 
E.  C.  Whitney. 
Francis  E.  Seaver. 
Josiah  Q.  Bennett. 
H.K.Frolhingham 
John  J.  Eddy. 
Alvan  Simonds. 
J.  F.  R.  Foss. 
Geo.  R.  Chapman 
George  H   Davis. 
Warren  Sanger. 
Henry  W.  Perkins 
George  W.  Hairis. 
A?T.  Collier. 
A.  F   Luke. 
Ed.  A.  Presbrey. 
Henry  D.  Forbes. 
Chas.  C.  Bany 
W.  G.  Biooks. 
J.  S.  Learoyd. 
A.  P.  Weeks. 
Frank  G.  Newhall 
H.  Blasdale. 
R.  B.  Fairbairn. 
Charles  R.  Batt. 
A.  Trowbndge. 
Chailes  L.  Riddle. 
Charles  F.  Swan. 

E.  A.  Burbank. 
Fred.  L.  Church. 
George  C.  Leach. 
Ed.  C.  Brooks. 
James  P.  Stearns. 
Samuel  Carr. 

C.  B.  Patten. 
Edward  Tyler. 
Francis  B.  Sears. 

F.  S.  Davis. 
A.T.Frothingham 
W.  H.  Brackett. 


Fifty-nine  National  Banks,  total  capital $51,950.00° 


274  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  savings  banks  of  Boston  :  — 


NAME. 


Boston  Five  Cents  .     . 
Boston  Penny     .     .     . 

Brighton  Five  Cents    . 

Charlestown  Five  Cen.ts 
East  Boston   .... 
Eliot  Five  Cents      .     . 

Emigrant 

Franklin 

Home    .     .     .     .     .     . 

Institution  for  Sayings  in 

Roxbury  and  vicinity 
North  End      .... 

Provident 

South  Boston      .     .     . 
Suffolk  ...... 

Union  Inst,  for  Savings 
Warren  Inst,  for  Savings 


OFFICE. 


38  School  Street .     .     . 
1 37 1  Washington  Street 
J  Wash'ton  St.,  c.  Chest 
(  nut  Hillave.,  Brighton, 
Thompson  Sq.,  Cha'stown 
16  Maverick  Squaie     . 
114  Dudley  Street   .     . 
590  Washington  Street 
20  Boylston  Stieet  .     . 
Tremont,  cor.  Boylston 

2343  Washington  Street 

57  Court  Street*  .     .     . 

36  Temple  Place  .  . 
368  Broadway  .  .  . 
47  and  49  Tremont  Street 

37  Bedford  Street  .  . 
25  Main  St.,  Charlestown 


PRESIDENT. 


Alonzo  H.  Evans. 
G.  W.  Pope. 

N.  W.  Sanborn. 

Phineas  J.  Stone. 
George  T.  Sampson. 
Wm.  C.  Appleton. 
Thomas  Russell. 
Osmyn  Brewster. 
Charles  H.  Allen. 

Aithur  W.  Tufts. 

N.  J.  Rust. 
William  Perkins. 
Geoige  E.  Alden. 
Thomas  Lamb 
Hugh  O'Brien. 
Timothy  T.  Sawyer, 


TREASURER. 


Curtis  C.  Nichols. 
Henry  R.  Reynolds. 

William  A.  Fiske. 

Amos  Stone. 
William  B.  Pigeon. 
George  C.  Leach. 
John  W  McDonald. 
Henry  Whittemore. 
W.  E.  Hooper. 

Edward  Richards. 

Geo  C.  Trumbull. 
Charles  J.  Morrill. 
George  W.  Ellis. 
Chailes  H.  Parker. 
George  F.  Emery. 
George  F.  Tufts. 


The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  trust  companies  of  Boston  •  — 


NAME. 

OFFICE. 

PRESIDENT. 

SECRETARY. 

American  Loan  and  Trust  Co.    .     . 
Boston  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co.  . 

Massachusetts  Hospital  Life  Ins.  Co. 
Massachusetts  Loan  and  Trust  Co. . 

55  Congress  St. 
87  Milk  Street. 
45  Milk  Street. 
50  State  Stieet. 
18  Post  Office  Sq. 
85  Devonshire  St. 

Ezra  H.  Baker. 
Frederick  M.  Stone. 
John  M.  Giaham. 
John  L.  Gardner. 
George  W    Rice. 
William  Endicott,  jun. 

N.  W.  Jordan. 
Edward  P.  Bond. 
Henry  L.  Jewett. 
J.  C.  Braman. 
Stephen  M.  Crosby. 
N.  H.  Henchman. 

The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  safe-deposit  vaults  of  Boston 


NAME. 

OFFICE. 

PRESIDENT. 

MANAGER. 

Boston  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co.. 
Security  Safe  Deposit  Co 

Union  Safe  Deposit  Vaults     .     .     . 

87  Milk  Street  . 
67  Milk  Street 

40  State  Street . 

Frederick  M.  Stone. 
J.  Augustus  Felt. 

Henry  Lee,  Manager, 

Edward  P.  Bond. 
F.  G.  Storey. 
1  George  C.  Lee, 
|      Sub  Manager. 

The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  leading  bankers  and  brokers  of  Boston :  — 


Ballou  &  Co.,  George  Wm.,  72  Devonshire  St. 
Ballou,  M.  R.,  51  State  Street. 
Bangs  &  Co.,  Elisha  D.,  88  State  Street. 
Blake  Brothers  &  Co.,  28  State  Street. 
Bolles  &  Co.,  Matthew,  70  State  Street. 
Brewster,  Basset,  &  Co.,  35  Congress  Street. 
Brown  Brothers  &  Co.,  66  State  Street. 
Brown,  Riley,  &  Co.,  9  Congress  Street. 
Chase  &  Barstow,  62  State  Street. 
Chase  &  Co.,  R.  Gardner,  146  Devonshire  St. 
Corbin  Banking  Co.,  43  Milk  Street. 
Day  &  Co.,  R.  L.,  14  Exchange  Place. 
Downer  &  Co.,  28  State  (basement). 
Fogg  Brothers  &  Co.,  96  Summer  St. 
Foote  &  French,  7  Congress  Street. 
Hawley  &  Co.,  F.  A.,  20  Water  Street. 


Head,  C.  D.,  and  T.  H.  Perkins,  68  Devonshire  St. 
Higbee  &  Co.,  156  Devonshire  Street. 
Kidder,  Peabody,  &  Co.,  113  Devonshire  Street. 
Lawrence,  Potter,  &  Co.,  63  Federal  Street. 
Lee,  Higginson,  &  Co.,  40  to  44  State  Street. 
Loud  &  Brother,  T.  J.,  28  State  Street,  corner  of 

Devonshire  (basement) . 
Mixter,  George,  28  State  Street. 
Moors  &  Co.,  J.  B.,  35  Congress  Street. 
Munroe  &  Co.,  John,  4  Post  Office  Square. 
Parker  &  Stackpole,  60  Devonshire  Street. 
Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.,  Simmons  Building,  40 

Water  Street,  Room  1  (first  floor). 
Rogers,  Wood,  Loring,  &  Co.,  34  High  Street. 
Tower,  Giddings,  &  Co.,  85  Devonshire  Street. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON.  275 

The  Savings  Banks  of  America  had  their  origin  in  this  city.  The  first 
was  The  Provident  Institution  for  Savings  in  the  Town  of  Boston,  chartered 
in  1816.  To  day  it  has  a  larger  amount  of  deposits  than  any  similar  insti- 
tution in  this  country,  except  one  or  two  Savings  Banks  in  New  York. 
There  are  in  Boston  16  savings  banks,  and  a  list  of  them  is  given  on  the 
preceding  page.  They  are  under  the  supervision  of  the  commissioners  of 
savings  banks,  an  office  created  in  1866.  Their  investments  and  loans  are 
restricted  by  law,  and  all  their  officers  are  sworn  to  the  faithful  perform- 
ance of  their  duties.  The  commissioners  are  empowered  to  examine  the 
banks  at  any  time,  arid  are  obliged  to  do  so  at  least  once  a  year.  The 
"stay  law,"  passed  in  1878,  limits  and  restricts  the  payment  of  money  to 
depositors,  and  was  framed  to  provide  against  a  "  run  "  on  the  savings  banks. 
Under  this  law  the  commissioners,  whenever  they  deem  it  expedient,  can 
grant  the  bank  authority  to  pay  its  depositors  only  such  proportion  of  their 
deposits,  and  at  such  times,  as  the  bank  can  pay  without  affecting  its  solvency 
or  subjecting  it  to  great  loss. 

Safe-Deposit  Vaults.  —  Boston  is  now  amply  provided  with  safe-deposit 
vaults;  but  there  was  nothing  of  the  kind  in  the  city  in  1868,  when  the  at- 
tention of  the  public  was  first  called  to 

The  Union  Safe-Deposit  Vaults,  which  had  been  constructed  by  Henry 
Lee,  to  afford  absolute  protection  for  all  kinds  of  valuables  against  loss  by 
fire  or  burglary.  The  vaults  were  built  in  the  basement  of  the  Union  Build- 
ing, 40  State  Street,  and  were  of  such  a  character,  and  had  around  them  so 
many  conveniences,  that  they  excited  the  admiration  and  approval  of  the 
most  competent  judges.  Henry  Lee,  of  the  banking-firm  of  Lee,  Higgin- 
son,  &  Co.,  assumed  the  management,  and  George  C.  Lee  was  appointed  sub- 
manager,  positions  that  both  have  held  ever  since.  The  enterprise  succeeded 
so  well  that  other  safe  deposit  vaults  have  since  been  started. 

The  Massachusetts  Loan  and  Trust  Company  of  Boston  was  granted  in 
1870  a  special  charter  authorizing  the  company  to  make  advances  on  staple 
merchandise,  and  to  receive,  hold,  collect,  and  disburse  money,  securities,  or 
property  in  trust  or  otherwise,  from  individuals,  executors,  administrators, 
guardians,  trustees,  or  by  order  of  court.  It  is  also  authorized  to  act  as 
trustee  or  agent  for  any  person,  firm,  corporation,  state,  or  government ;  and 
in  their  behalf  to  sell  or  negotiate  property  of  any  kind,  or  to  receive  or 
invest  money.  The  company  has  unsurpassed  facilities  for  furnishing 
money  at  low  rates  of  interest  to  merchants  and  manufacturers.  Loans  are 
made  on  staple  merchandise,  secured  by  bills  of  lading  or  by  warehouse 
receipts,  upon  terms  so  accommodating,  that  the  owner  has  the  opportunity 
of  disposing  of  the  merchandise  as  readily  as  though  it  were  under  his  own 
direct  control.    This  company  also  undertakes  to  close  out  the  affairs  of 


276  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

estates,  or  business  houses  in  bankruptcy  or  liquidation,  in  the  most  expe- 
ditious manner,  and  on  very  favorable  terms.  Interest  is  allowed  on  all 
money  deposited  with  the  company.  During  the  twelve  years  since  the 
organization  of  the  Massachusetts  Loan  and  Trust  Company,  it  has  not 
only  afforded  great  aid  to  business-men  by  lending  them  money  on  favor- 
able terms,  but  it  has  also  provided  a  profitable  and  safe  means  of  invest- 
ment to  individuals,  corporations,  executors,  guardians,  trustees,  or  assignees 
of  bankrupt  estates,  by  paying  interest  on  deposits  made  either  on  fixed 
time  or  on  demand.  The  corporation  has  a  paid  up  cash  capital  of 
$500,000,  with  liberty  of  increasing  to  $  1 ,000,000.  The  president  is  George 
Woods  Rice,  and  the  treasurer  is  Stephen  M.  Crosby.  The  office  occupies 
the  first  floor  of  the  stone  building  No.  18  Post  office  Square. 

The  Boston  Clearing-House  Association,  organized  in  1856,  is  the  sec- 
ond oldest  organization  of  its  kind  in  this  countiy.  The  banks  in  former 
times  were  compelled  to  send  messengers  from  one  bank  to  another  to 
collect  and  pay  drafts  and  checks;  and  in  so  doing  they  were  liable  to 
incur  great  losses  by  the  waylaying  of  messengers,  and  were  put  to  con- 
siderable needless  expense  and  trouble.  Nowadays  51  banks  send  their 
"messengers"  and  "settling  clerks  "  at  ten  o'clock  every  morning  to  the 
third  floor  of  the  New  England  National  Bank  building,  65  State  Street, 
and  there  in  a  few  minutes,  without  danger  of  loss,  transact  the  whole 
business  that  would  otherwise  require  several  hours'  time  and  considerable 
risk.  The  "losing  banks,"  as  those  are  called  which  bring  in  a  smaller 
amount  of  checks  on  other  banks  than  other  banks  bring  in  on  them,  are 
required  to.  pay  before  12.15  o'clock  the  balances  due  by  them ;  and  the 
"gaining  banks  "  come  in  after  that  time  for  the  balances  due  them.  There 
are  also  23  banks  located  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston  that  make  their  clear- 
ances through  members  of  the  association.  The  great  work  that  is  accom- 
plished in  a  short  time  can  be  imagined  when  it  is  understood  that  about 
$12,000,000  change  hands  every  day.  The  president  is  James  H.  Beal,  and 
the  manager  is  N.  G.  Snelling. 

The  Boston  Stock  Exchange  is  situated  on  Exchange  Street,  just  off 
from  State  Street.  It  is  a  hall,  with  regular  rows  of  desks  from  the  presi- 
dent's platform  and  table.  It  is  connected  by  telephone  with  the  offices 
of  members  ;  and  in  the  ante-room  is  a  branch  office  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company.  The  rooms  have  recently  been  enlarged.  There  are 
about  150  members.  The  membership-fee  was  formerly  $2,000,  but  it  is 
now  $5,000.  The  transactions,  which  are  those  usual  to  stock  boards,  have 
within  the  past  18  months  considerably  increased  in  volume.  The  Board 
meets  daily  at  10.30  a.m.  and  at  2  P.M.  Visitors  can  gain  admission  by 
application  to  the  president  M.  R.  Ballou,  to  the  secretary  W.  C.  Fisk,  or  to 
any  member.     The  membership  is  full,  and  seats  are  in  demand. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  277 


&\)t  Eongtte  of  tjje  (£ttg* 

BOOK    AND    PERIODICAL    PUBLICATIONS  J    NEWSPAPERS    OF    THE 

PAST    AND    PRESENT. 

BOSTON'S  literary  prominence  has  long  been  recognized;  and  its  pub- 
lications, book  and  periodical,  have  been  from  the  earliest,  and  still 
continue  to  be,  among  the  foremost  in  the  country.  The  history  of  its 
book  trade,  from  the  time  of  Thomas  Fleet,  the  earliest  of  its  printers  and 
publishers, — first  of  "Pudding  Lane,"  now  Devonshire  Street,  and  long  of 
Cornhill  under  the  imposing  sign  of  the  "Heart  and  Crown,"  —  to  the 
present  day,  would  fill  a  volume,  and  would  be  almost  as  interesting  to  the 
bibliophile  and  antiquary  as  the  history  of  the  book-trade  of  London  or 
Paris.  The  pre-eminence  that  Boston  has  attained  in  the  publishing  and 
book-selling  business  is  but  the  natural  result  of  having  within  and  around 
her  boundaries  the  men  whose  names  stand  foremost  among  the  literati  of 
the  New  World,  as  well  as  having  some  of  the  largest  libraries  and  greatest 
educational  institutions.  The  success  of  the  trade  is  maintained  by  the 
great  inducements  offered  buyers  of  books ;  for  it  is  undoubtedly  a  fact 
that  the  dealers  in  Boston  do  sell  books  from  10  to  20  per  cent  lower  than 
the  same  books  can  be'  bought  elsewhere.  Moreover,  while  the  stores  are 
not,  as  a  rule,  costly  in  their  furnishings,  possibly  owing  to  the  close  mar- 
gins on  which  the  business  is  conducted,  they  are  capacious,  and  contain 
myriads  of  books.  Probably  nowhere  in  this  country  can  like  numbers  and 
rarities  be  found.  Those  engaged  in  the  business  are  generally  men  whose 
lives  have  been  given  to  the  study  of  the  trade,  and  of  the  tastes  of  the  most 
cultured  people.  Almost  all  of  them  are  thoroughly  trustworthy  and  ex- 
tremely courteous  in  their  dealings.  In  publishing  and  book  selling,  several 
million  dollars  have  been  invested,  and  a  large  number  of  persons  em- 
ployed. For  years  the  book  trade  centred  in  Cornhill ;  but  it  is  now  scat- 
tered, the  leading  houses  being  on  Washington,  Park,  Tremont,  Bromfield, 
and  Franklin  Streets.  The  oldest  existing  book-house  is  that  of  Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.,  the  lineal  successors  of  a  book  shop  kept  in  1784  by  E.  Bat- 
telle  in  the  Marlborough  Street  of  that  time ;  and  the  oldest  book  store  is 
in  the  quaint  building  erected  in  1712  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and 
School  Streets,  an  ancient  landmark,  long  known  as  "  the  Old  Corner  Book- 
Store,"  as  it  has  been  a  bookstand  since  1828,  before  which  time  it  was 
used  as  an  apothecary-shop,  and  before  that  as  a  dwelling  house,  for  which 
it  was  originally,  erected  by  Thomas  Crease. 


278  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

Quite  as  interesting  as  the  history  and  growth  of  the  book-trade  of  the 
city  is  that  of  its  periodical  literature,  and  particularly  its  newspapers.  It 
was  in  Boston  that  the. first  newspapers  in  the  New  World  were  published. 
The  first  venture,  "  Publick  Occurrences,  Both  Forreign  and  Domestick," 
dated  Sept.  25,  1690,  came  to  a  sudden  end  after  a  single  issue;  the  au- 
thorities having  promptly  suppressed  it,  the  General  Court  denouncing  it 
as  "containing  reflections  of  a  very  high  nature."  The  next  attempt,  "The 
Boston  News  Letter,"  fortunately  "published  by  authority,"  succeeded  bet- 
ter, and  was  the  first  newspaper  actually  established.  Its  first  issue  was 
April  24,  1704.  It  was  founded  by  John  Campbell,  postmaster,  and  printed 
by  Bartholomew  Green,  whose  name,  says  Delano  A.  Goddard  in  his  inter- 
esting chapter  on  "  The  Press  of  the  Provincial  Period,"  in  the  Memorial 
History  of  Boston,  "is  associated  with  many  of  the  best  books  printed  in 
America  for  more  than  a  third  of  a  century."  The  printing  office  was  in 
Newbury  (now  Washington)  Street,  near  the  corner  of  Avon  Street;  and 
the  paper  was  sold  "by  Nicholas  Boone  at  his  shop  near  the  old  Meeting- 
house." It  was  a  small  folio  sheet,  issued  weekly.  Fifteen  years  after,  a 
second  newspaper  was  established,  called  "  The  Boston  Gazette,"  the  first 
number  bearing  date  Dec.  14-21,  1 719 ;  and  the  following  day,  Dec.  22,  the 
first  American  newspaper  established  outside  of  Boston,  "The  American 
Weekly  Mercury,"  appeared  in  Philadelphia.  "  The  Boston  Gazette  "  was 
published  by  William  Brooker,  who  succeeded  Campbell  as  postmaster,  and 
printed  by  James  Franklin,  Benjamin  Franklin's  elder  brother.  Brooker 
and  Franklin  continued  publisher  and  printer  of  the  paper  only  a  few 
weeks;  and  in  1721  Franklin  issued  the  third  paper,  "  The  New-England 
Courant,"  from  his  printing-office  in  Queen  (now  Court)  Street.  The  first 
number  of  this  paper  was  issued  on  Aug.  17,  1721.  It  led  a  short  and 
stormy  life.  Increase  Mather  denounced  it  as  "  a  cursed  libel."  Franklin 
was  twice  arraigned  for  contempt,  and  o'nce  imprisoned  four  weeks  in  jail ; 
'  and  for  a  while  his  name  was  withdrawn,  and  the  paper  appeared  with  the 
imprint  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  then  an  apprentice  with  his  brother,  and  not 
more  than  sixteen  years  of  age.  The  paper  ceased  to  exist  in  1727.  The 
use  of  the  younger  brother's  name  was  not  to  his  advantage ;  and,  soon  after 
the  change  was  made,  he  left  Boston  for  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Goddard  says 
of  "  The  Courant,"  that  "  it  was  not  wanting  in  ability ;  and,  as  a  protest 
against  prevailing  narrowness  and  bigotry,  it  might  have  been  of  some  ser- 
vice. But  it  was  aggravating  in  temper,  unjust  to  the  authorities,  misrepre- 
sented the  clergy,  and  was  on  the  wrong  side  of  many  public  questions." 
The  paper  is  remembered  as  that  in  which  Benjamin  Franklin's  first  contri- 
butions appeared.  The  fourth  newspaper  was  "  The  New  England  Weekly 
Journal,  containing  the  most  remarkable  occurrences,  foreign  and  domes- 
tick,"  begun  March  20,  1727;  the  fifth  was  "The  Weekly  Rehersal,"  begun 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  279 

in  1 731 ;  "The  Boston  Weekly  Post  Boy"  followed  in  1734,  succeeding  "  The 
Rehersal,"  printed  once  a  week  in  the  evening,  however,  instead  of  morning; 
then  came  "The  Independent  Advertiser,"  begun  in  the  winter  of  1748,  to 
which  Samuel  Adams  was  one  of  the  regular  contributors  ;  next  was  started, 
in  1753,  "The  Boston  Gazette  and  Weekly  Adveitiser,"  on  the  foundation  of 
"  The  Boston  Gazette  and  Weekly  Journal ;  "  and  this  was  in  turn  succeeded, 
a  little  more  than  two  years  after,  by  "  The  Boston  Gazette  and  Country 
Journal,"  which  was  the  organ  of  the  Revolution;  while  "  The  Boston  Weekly 
Advertiser,"  begun  in  1757,  loyally  sustained  the  British  Government  during 
that  struggle,  and  closed  its  career  with  the  war.     In    1767  "The  Boston 
Chronicle  "  was  started,  and  that  was  the  fust  paper  to  publish  oftener  than 
once  a  week:  in  its  second  year  it  began  publishing  on  Mondays  and  Thurs- 
days.   In  1770  the  publication  of  "The  Massachusetts  Spy"  was  begun.     It 
advocated  the  cause  of  the  patriots  with  great  vigor  and  boldness,  and  its  office 
was  styled  by  the  royalists  "  the  sedition  foundry."     The  last  number  printed  ■ 
in  Boston  was  on  the  6th  of  April,  1775.     It  was  then  removed  to  Worcester. 
"The  News-Letter,"  the  first  established  paper  in  Boston,  lived  72  years, 
and  was  the  only  paper  published  in  the  city  during  the  siege  by  Washing- 
ton.    Other  papers  of  the  early  days  were  "The  Independent  Ledger  and 
American  Advertiser,"  revolutionary  in  sentiment,  and  displaying  the  motto, 
"All  hands  with   one.  inflamed  and  enlightened  heart;"    "The  American 
Herald,"  started  in  1781 ;  and  "The  Massachusetts  Centinel  and  the  Re- 
publican Journal,"  afterwards  changed  to  "The  Columbian,"  the  publication 
of  which  was  begun  in  1790.     Of  the  49  newspapers  published  in  the  colo- 
nies from  1748  to  1783,  all  were  weekly  or  semi  weekly  journals.     The  first 
daily  paper  in  the  country  was    "  The    American    Daily  Advertiser,"  pub- 
lished in  Philadelphia,  beginning  in  1784;    and  the  first  attempt  at  daily- 
newspaper  publication  in  Boston  was,  in  1796,  by  John  O'Ley  Burk,  one  of 
the  "United  Irishmen,"  with  a  venture  called  "The  Polar  Stai  and  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser."     This  lived  six  months,  and  was  followed  by  "  The  Fed- 
eral Gazette  and  Daily  Advertiser,"  which  lived  but  three  months.     Then 
the  third  and  successful  effort  was  made  in  the  publication  of  "  The  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser  and  Repertory,"  begun  on  the  3d  of  March,   1813.     To 
trace  the  growth  of  the  press  of  Boston  from  that  time  to  the  present  in 
detail  would  occupy  more  space  than  is  available.     It  is  sufficient  to  say 
that  its  development  has  been  rapid  and  abreast  of  the  times.     It  has  been 
able,  diligent,  and  enterprising;  has  employed  some  of  the  best  pens  and 
brightest  intellects;  and  has  exerted  a  wide  influence.     In  the  pages  fol- 
lowing, some  of  the  extant  representative  Boston  newspapers  and  periodi- 
cals are  concisely  sketched. 

There  are  in' Boston  at  the  present  day  9  daily  papers,  4  semi  weekly, 
63  weekly,  5  Sunday  papers,  4  fortnightly  publications,  93  monthly  periodi- 
cals, 10  quarterlies,  and  many  annuals. 


280 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


"The  Daily  Advertiser"  is  published  from  the  new  "Advertiser  Build- 
ino-,"  Nos.  246  and  248  Washington  Street,  and  No.  69  Devonshire  Street. 
This  is  a  tall  marble-front  structure,  towering  above  its  neighbors  ;  and 
occupying  such  a  position  in  the  bend  of  the  street,  that  its  architectural 
effects  are  displayed  to  the  best  advantage.  Extending  through  to  Devon- 
shire Street,  it  is  well  adapted  for  the  special  requirements  of  the  daily- 
newspaper  business.  The  main  entrance  is  under  a  broad  arch,  and  through 
a  finely  ornamented  vestibule,  to  the  counting-room  at  the  front;  and  to  the 

other  portions  of  the  building,  from  a  passage- 
way at  the  side.  The  "Advertiser"  occupies 
for  its  own  uses  the  street  floor,  and  the  exten- 
sive basement,  with  the  two  upper  floors,  and  a 
portion  of  the  fourth.  In  the  basement  are  the 
press,  stereotype,  mailing,  and  delivery  rooms ; 
on  the  street  floor,  the  counting  room;  and  on 
the  floors  above,  the  editorial  and  composi- 
tion rooms.  The  establishment  is  thoroughly 
equipped  with  all  the  modern  machinery  and 
appliances;  is  lighted  throughout  by  the  Edison 
electric  light,  and  is  complete  in  all  its  appoint- 
ments. The  counting  room,  the  publisher's 
private  office,  and  the  rooms  of  the  principal 
editors,  are  handsomely  finished  and  decorated. 
The  "Advertiser"  moved  into  its  new  quarters 
in  February,  1883,  publishing  a  20  page  number 
on  the  first  morning  after  its  removal,  —  Mon- 
day, Feb.  19.  This  was  an  historical  number, 
with  the  news  of  the  day  and  all  the  regular 
departments  of  the  paper  as  full  and  complete 
as  usual.  Previous  to  its  occupancy  of  its  pres- 
ent quarters,  "  The  Advertiser  "  was  published 
many  years  from  the  "  Advertiser  Building," 
Nos.  27  and  29  Court  Street,  occupying  the  site 
of  the  printing  office  in  which  Franklin  learned  his  trade.  "  The  Advertiser," 
in  its  earlier  years,  acquired  the  good  will  of  several  journals,  among  them 
"  The  Independent  Chronicle,"  "  The  Boston  Patriot  "(established  in  1809), 
"The  Columbian  Centinel,'-'  "The  New  England  Palladium,"  "The  Boston 
Gazette  "  (the  fourth  newspaper  in  Boston  bearing  that  name),  "The  Reper 
tory  "  (first  published  in  1803  by  W.  W.  Clapp,  and  united  with  "  The  Daily 
Advertiser  "  at  the  outset,  its  name  for  a  while  being  part  of  the  title),  and 
•'  The  Boston  Weekly  Messenger."  The  first  publisher  of  "  The  Adver- 
tiser "  was  W.  W.  Clapp ;  and  the  first  editor,  Horatio  Bigelow.     In  April, 


'The  Boston  Advertiser''  Building, 
Washington  Street 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  281 

1814,  Nathan  Hale,  then  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  "The  Messenger," 
purchased  "  The  Advertiser  "  property  from  Messrs.  Clapp  and  Bigelow ; 
Mr.  Clapp  continuing  for  a  while  the  publisher.  For  more  than  thirty  years 
Mr.  Hale  conducted  the  paper  with  credit  to  himself  and  the  community. 
It  was  under  his  administration  that  it  attained  the  local  title  of  "the  re 
spectable  daily."  Mr.  Hale  was  the  first  to  introduce  steam  power-presses 
in  New  England ;  and  it  is  claimed  that  his  was  the  first  journal  which  sys 
tematically  introduced  the  editorial  discussion  of  political  topics.  He  died 
in  1863;  and  one  of  his  sons,  Charles  Hale,  succeeded  him  as  editor,  having 
for  some  years  previous  ably  assisted  his  father  in  the  conduct  of  the  jour- 
nal, as  had  also  his  brothers,  Edward  Everett  Hale,  the  well  known  clergy- 
man and  writer  of  the  present  day,  and  Nathan  Hale,  jun.  Upon  his 
appointment  as  consul  general  to  Alexandria,  in  1864,  Charles  Hale  dis- 
posed of  the  property  to  Dunbar,  Waters,  &  Co. ;  and  Charles  F.  Dunbar 
of  the  firm,  who  had  for  some  time  been  the  assistant  editor  of  the  paper, 
succeeded  Mr.  Hale  in  its  "editorial  conduct.  Mr.  Dunbar  continued  in 
charge  until  1869,  when  he  was  appointed  professor  of  political  economy 
in  Harvard  College.  In  that  y,ear,  also,  the  property  was  sold  to  a  new 
company.  Delano  A.  Goddard,  an  accomplished  journalist  and  writer, 
then  became  the  editor;  and  Edwin  F.  Waters,  one  of  the  original  pur 
chasers  of  the  property  from  Charles  Hale,  continued  as  publisher.  Until 
the  summer  of  1881,  the  paper  was  a  large  folio  ;  but  on  the  4th  of  July  it 
appeared  in  the  quarto  form,  printed  on  an  improved  Bullock  press  with  a 
patent  cutter  and  folder  attachment.  Early  in  January,  1882,  Mr.  Goddard 
died  very  suddenly  •  and  he  was  succeeded  as  editor-in-chief  by  Edward 
Stanwood,  long  a  leading  editorial  writer  on  the  staff.  A  few  months  after 
Mr.  Goddard's  death,  the  ownership  of  the  paper  largely  changed ;  and  in 
November  following  Mr.  Waters  disposed  of  his  interest,  and  retired  from 
the  position  of  publisher.  He  was  succeeded  by  Edward  P.  Call,  formerly 
connected  with  "  The  Herald."  "  The  Advertiser'*  enjoys  a  substantial  cir- 
culation among  the  best  classes  of  readers,  and  a  valuable  advertising- 
patronage.  It  has  long  been  recognized  as  a  leading  commercial  and  busi 
ness  journal,  and  it  now  has  the  reputation  of  being  a  thorough  and  prompt 
newspaper  in  every  department.  It  employs  a  large  editorial  force,  and  is 
conducted  with  skill  and  painstaking.     In  politics  it  is  Republican. 

"  The  Boston  Evening  Transcript  "  is  a  favorite  afternoon  paper,  par- 
ticularly in  refined  Boston  and  suburban  homes.  It  is  a  literary  paper,  and 
noteworthy  for  its  good  variety  of  interesting  miscellaneous  reading-matter 
published  along  with  the  current  news.  Founded  in  1830,  it  is  the  oldest 
evening  paper  in  New  England.  It  has  been  a  substantial  success  from  the 
start.  It  was  established  by  Dutton  &  Wentworth,  the  State  Printers  at 
the  time.     The  next  proprietors  were  Henry  W.  Dutton  &  Son  ;  and  on  the 


282 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


death  of  both  the  senior  and  junior  Dutton  its  publication  was  assumed  by 
trustees  in  the  interest  of  their  heirs.  In  1879  the  Boston  Transcript  Com- 
pany was  incorporated,  the  stock  being  held  wholly  by  the  Dutton  heirs. 
The  first  editor  was  Lynde  M.  Walter.  On  his  death,  in  1842,  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  sister,  Miss  Cornelia  M.  Walter.  Subsequently  Epes  Sar- 
gent was  editor 
of  the  paper  for  a 
number  of  years; 
and  after  him 
Daniel  M.  Has- 
kell, whose  gen- 
ial and  skilful 
conduct  of  the 
paper  continued 
Until  his  death  in 
1874.  He  was 
succeeded  by 
William  A.  Hov- 
ey,  and  he  in 
1 88 1  by  Edward 
H.#  Clement,  the 
present  editor. 
The  quarters  of 
"The  Tran- 
script" are  in  its 
own  large  and 
handsome  build- 
ing, on  the  cor- 
ner of  Washing- 
ton and  Milk 
Streets,  erected 
to  replace  the 
office  burned  in 
the  Great  Fire  of 
1872.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  com- 


The  Boston  Transcript,"  Washington  Street. 


modious  and  elegant  in  the  city.  "  The  Transcript "  is  a  quarto  of  the 
average  size,  handsomely  printed  from  fast  presses ;  and  it  occupies  a  field 
practically  without  a  rival.  It  has  a  well-equipped  force,  and  is  enterprising 
in  gathering  the  best  of  the  local  and  general  news.  The  quiet  and  digni- 
fied tone  of  the  editorial  page,  and  the  absence  in  the  paper  of  any  thing 
which  appeals  to  the  popular  craving  for  sensationalism,  go  far  toward 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


283 


winning  for  "  The  Transcript "  the  esteem  of  its  readers,  and  the  success  it 
enjoys.  In  politics  "The  Transcript"  is  Independent  Republican.  Be- 
sides the  daily  edition,  an  attractive  and  readable  Weekly  edition  —  its  con- 
tents selected  with  care  and  good  judgment  from  the  daily  editions  —  is 
published.  S.  P.  Mandell  is  president  of  the  Transcript  Company;  and 
William  Durant,  who  has  been  the  business  manager  since  the  death  of 
Mr.  Dutton,  is  treasurer. 

"The  Boston  Post"  is  the  leading  Democratic  commercial  morning 
newspaper  of  Boston,  and  has  a  large  circulation  among  business-men  and 
Democratic  families.  It  is  published  by  the 
Post  Publishing  Company  at  No.  17  Milk  Street, 
and  sells  for  3  cents  a  copy.  Its  new  iron  build- 
ing stands  on  the  spot  where  Benjamin  Franklin 
was  born ;  and  a  bust  of  the  famous  printer 
ornaments  the  front.  The  business-office  is  on 
the  ground-floor.  The  editorial  rooms,  which 
are  reached  after  a  breathless  climb  of  an  iron 
staircase,  consist  of  private  rooms  for  the  editor 
and  his  assistants,  and  neat  rooms  for  the  night- 
editor,  city-editor,  and  the  reporters.  "The 
Post's  "  history  dates  back  to  1831.  It  was  at 
first  a  small  sheet  of  16  columns,  from  which  it 
has  been  enlarged  at  various  times  until  it  now 
contains  36  long  columns.  Col.  Charles  G. 
Greene  was  the  founder  and  first  editor.  He 
did  much  to  make  a  reputation  for  the  paper  by 
his  straightforward,  vigorous,  yet  courteous 
style  of  treating  public  questions.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  say,  that,  under  his  editorship,  it  be- 
came the  leading  Democratic  daily  in  the  coun 
try,  as  well  as  a  leading  representative  com-  "The  Boston  Post-"  Mi,k  street 
mercial  paper  of  Boston.  He  gave  it,  also,  a  reputation  for  exceedingly 
Sfood  humor  and  brightness,  which  it  has  never  lost.  Nathaniel  G.  Greene 
aided  his  father  as  editor,  and  practically  conducted  the  paper  for  several 
years.  In  the  winter  of  1875  the  property  was  sold  to  Rev.  E.  D.  Winslow, 
who  in  January  following  proved  to  be  a  forger,  and  whose  exposure  after 
his  flight  was  a  great  local  sensation  (see  first  chapter).  He  had  so  manip- 
ulated the  certificates  of  the  company's  stock  that  it  was  difficult  to  decide 
who  were  the  rightful  owners.  The  matter  was  finally  settled  by  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  the  property  was  disposed  of  to  a  new  corporation.  For  a  while 
F.  E.  Goodrich,  a  leading  editor,  conducted  the  paper  as  editor-in-chief.  He 
was  succeeded  by  George  F.  Emery,  the  principal  proprietor.     During  the 


284  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

year  1  SSi  the  corporation  was  re-organized  through  sales" of  stock;  Alonzo  P. 
Moore,  a  prominent  Boston  business-man,  becoming  the  largest  stockholder, 
as  well  as  treasurer  and  business-manager ;  Mr.  Emery  retiring,  and  Robert 
G.  Fitch  succeeding  him  as  the  editor-in-chief.  The  paper  has  always  shown 
evidence  of  wise  and  careful  management.  The  "All  Sorts"  column  of 
fresh  and  sprightly  paragraphs,  an  original  and  famous  feature  of  "  The 
Post,"  continues  to  be  well  sustained ;  and  its  various  departments  are  care- 
fully edited  by  a  corps  of  well-trained  and  able  journalists.  "  Mrs.  Parting- 
ton "  (B.  P.  Shillaber)  made  her  reputation  for  genial  humor  in  the  columns 
of  "The  Post."  Improvements  are  often  made.  In  1 881,  for  instance,  the 
"make-up"  was  materially  improved,  and  many  new  features  were  intro- 
duced ;  the  financial-news  department  was  strengthened,  including  telegraphic 
Monday  reports  from  the  clearing-houses  throughout  this  country;  and  the 
hotel-arrivals  became  a  feature.  In  the  spring  of  1882  its  price  was  reduced 
to  3  cents  a  copy,  and  the  subscription  price  to  $9.00  a  year. 

"The  Boston  Journal,"  established  in  1833,  has  held  for  fifty  years  a 
leading  position  in  New-England  journalism  ;  increasing  with  the  growth 
of  the  city,  and  enjoying  great  confidence  and  liberal  support.  It  is  at  once 
both  a  business-man's  and  family  newspaper.  Originally  a  Whig  news- 
paper, it  affiliated  with  the  Republican  party  in  the  earliest  days  of  its 
existence.  Few  newspapers  have  been  more  loyal  to  the  principles  of  the 
party,  though  its  aim  has  been  to  make  its  discussion  of  men  and  measures 
independent  and  fair.  It  publishes  morning  and  evening  editions,  and  also 
semi-weekly  and  weekly  editions.  It  gives  in  these  several  publications  a 
vast  amount  of  news,  collected  by  its  Washington,  New-York,  London,  and 
Paris  correspondents.  It  makes  a  specialty  of  New-England  news;  and  its 
representatives  in  all  the  news-centres  of  New  England  are  daily  pouring 
into  its  columns  the  earliest  information.  Its  comments  upon  passing 
events  are  timely.  The  news  is  carefully  prepared,  great  care  being  taken 
to  avoid  prolixity.  "  Facts,  not  words,"  is  the  aim  of-the  paper  in  all  its 
news  departments.  The  "  News  of  the  Morning  "  and  "  Table  of  Contents  " 
enable  the  hurried  man  of  business  to  ascertain  quickly  all  the  important 
news  of  the  day.  The  "  City  Article  "  contains  a  full  sketch  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  markets,  printed  in  a  form  which  is  attractive  and  instructive. 
Its  special  literary  features  are  well  known,  and  it  constantly  adds  new  ones. 
No  labor  seems  to  be  spared  to  make  it  interesting,  newsy,  and  profitable  to 
all  classes  of  readers.  Its  varied  circulation  is  peculiar,  and  almost  excep- 
tional, tending  to  give  it  that  popularity  as  an  advertising  medium  which  it 
has  so  long  enjoyed  among  shrewd  business-men  of  the  country.  Its  scale 
of  prices,  circulation  considered  (enjoying  as  it  does  the  largest  circulation 
in  New  England  of  any  Republican  newspaper),  is  low;  and  the  fact  that  it 
rigorously  maintains  one  price  without  discount  gives  to  all  patrons  a  knowl- 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  285 

edge  that  there  is  no  favoritism  in  its  business  management.  In  its  me- 
chanical appointments  "  The  Journal  "  is  not  surpassed  by  any  newspaper 
in  the  country,  ft  has  recently  introduced  two  Hoe  perfecting  presses, 
capable  of  printing  60,000  papers  per  hour,  and  now  stereotypes  its  forms. 
On  the  18th  of  December,  1882,  the  price  of  "The  Journal"  was  reduced 
from  $9.00  to  $6.00  per  annum,  postage  included,  and  from  three  to  two 
cents  per  copy.  The  rapid  increase  of  its  circulation  was  unprecedented 
in  the  history  of  any  New-England  newspaper.  •  At  present  writing  it  is 
steadily  advancing,  having  reached  more  than  42,000,  with  a  promise  of 
50,000  before  fall.  A  distinguished  New-England  statesman  once  said, 
"  The  '  Boston  Journal '  contains  more  reading  that  I  am  interested  in,  and 
less  that  I  care  nothing  about,  than  any  paper  published."  The  original 
publishers  of  "The  Journal  "  were  Ford  &  Damrell.  In  1841  it  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Sleeper,  Dix,  &  Rogers.  John  "S.  Sleeper  was  the  first  editor. 
He  was  succeeded  by  James  A.  Dix.  •  For  years  the  late  Stephen  N.  Stock- 
well  was  connected  with  its  editorial  management.  The  late  Col.  Charles  O. 
Rogers,  of  Sleeper,  Dix,  &  Rogers,  the  early  proprietors,  and  later  its  chief 
owner,  gave  a  start  to  the  paper  on  its  career  of  prosperity,  and  made  a  for- 
tune in  its  conduct.  It  is  now  in  charge  of  Col.  William  W.  Clapp,  who  for 
seventeen  years  was  editor  of  "  The  Saturday  Evening  Gazette."  He  has 
had  forty  years'  experience  in  Boston  journalism,  most  of  which  has  been 
passed  in  the  "Journal  "  office  ;  and  he  has  done  much  in  the  way  of  im- 
proving and  strengthening  it.  His  corps  of  assistants  in  each  department 
are  men  of  ability  and  experience.  The  office  is  efficiently  organized,  and  a 
vast  amount  of  labor  is  performed  with  very  little  friction.  The  business 
and  editorial  quarters  are  modern  in  their  appointments,  and  well  arranged 
for  the  convenient  transaction  of  business.  "The  Journal"  has  occupied 
its  present  building,  No.  264  Washington  Street,  since  September,  i860. 

"The  Boston  Evening  Traveller,"  now  published  at  No.  31  State  Street 
by  Roland  Worthington  &  Co.,  was  the  first  two-cent  evening  paper  estab- 
lished in  Boston.  It  was  founded  in  1845,  succeeding  "  The  American  Trav- 
eller "  (weekly)  and  "The  Boston  Traveller"  (semi-weekly);  the  former's 
headline  exhibiting  a  cut  of  the  four-in-hand  stage,  dashing  along  the  dusty 
road.  Its  present  chief  proprietor,  Roland  Worthington,  associated  himself 
with  its  originators  about  two  months  after  its  first  issue  appeared,  and  has 
been  its  directing  mind  from  that  time  to  the  present.  Under  his  manage- 
ment it  early  achieved,  and  has  steadily  maintained,  a  high  reputation  as  a 
prompt  and  enterprising  collector  of  news.  To  it  belongs  the  credit  of 
being  among  the  leaders  in  the  movement  to  sell  papers  on  the  streets 
by  newsboys,  and  also  of  having  introduced  the  news-bulletin  in  Boston, 
which  is  now  an  essential  feature  of  every  newspaper-office.  It  was  first 
published  from  the  Old  State  House  Building,  and  moved  to  its  present 


286  ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

headquarters  about  thirty  years  since.     In  the  same  office  Benjamin  Russell, 
one  of  the  most  aggressive  of  Boston  editors,  began,  about  ioo  years  ago, 
the  publication    of   "  The    Columbian    Centinel,"    afterwards    merged   into 
"The  Daily  Advertiser."     In  1857  the  "Atlas,"  "Chronicle,"  and  "Even- 
ing Telegraph"  were  merged    into  "The    Traveller."      It  is  now  a  large 
folio  with    36    long  columns,  and    is    issued    at    3  cents.      "  The    Boston 
Traveller"  is  the  semi-weekly  edition ;  and  "The  American  Traveller"  is 
the  weekly  edition  ;  both  having  a  large  family  circulation.     In  politics  it  is 
aggressively  Republican,  and  sustains  its  opinions  with  great  vigor.     It  has 
a  large  and  talented  corps  of  editorial  writers,  and  its  articles  are  quoted 
throughout  the  country.     It  pays  especial  attention  to  literary,  educational, 
and  social  topics,  and  hence  obtains  admission  to  the  best  family  circles  of 
New  England.     Its  "  Review  of  the  Week,"  published  every  Saturday,  has 
been  a  favorite  feature  for  two  decades,  and  still  retains  its  popularity.     It 
is  written  by  the  veteran   historian   and  litterateur,  Charles  C.  Hazewell, 
who  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  strongest  contributors  to  "  The  Atlantic," 
and  whose  accuracy  on  historical  matters  makes  this  Review  a  standard 
authority.      In    the  matter  of  telegraphic   news,  its  Associated   Press  de- 
spatches are  liberally  supplemented  by  special  despatches  from  Washington 
and  all  the  chief  centres  of  intelligence.     It  makes  full  reports  of  religious, 
scientific,  and  philosophical  gatherings,  and  notable  lectures  find  space  in  its 
columns.     Henry  Ward  Beecher's  sermons  have  for  many  years  regularly 
appeared  in  "  The  Traveller  "  of  Saturday,  with  which  a  large  supplement, 
filled  with  short  stories,  good  poetry,  and  miscellaneous  reading,  for  the  fire- 
side, is  regularly  sent  out.     An  exposition  of  the  International  Sunday-school 
Lesson  for  the  following  day  is  also  a  standing  feature  of  the  Saturday  num- 
ber.    Its  reviews  of  new  books,  and  its  dramatic,  musical,  and  art  criticisms, 
have  long  enjoyed  a  high  reputation.     The  managers  of  '•  The  Traveller  " 
have  always  made  it  their  boast,  that  nothing  of  an  indelicate  or  even  doubt- 
ful character  could  find  its  way  into  the  columns  of  their  paper.     In  the 
chapter  on  "  The  Public  Buildings,"  is  a  good  illustration  of  the  "  Traveller 
Building"  and  its  interesting  locality,  including  the  Brazier  Building,  the 
First  National  Bank  Building,  the  Old  State  House,  and  the  Sears  Building. 
It  was  almost  in  front  of  the  "  Traveller  Building  "  that  the  Boston  Massa- 
cre took  place  ;  and  not  far  from  it  stood  the  old  town-pump.     "  The  Trav- 
eller "  is  now  the  only  paper  published  on  State  Street,  —  the  "  Wall  Street " 
of  Boston,  —  although  not  many  years  ago  several  of  the  leading  local  papers 
at  the  time  were  published  there.     In  keeping  with  its  location  in  the  heart 
of  commercial  Boston,  are  its  full  and  well-edited  columns  of  commercial 
news,  mining,  railroad,  and  market  reports,  latest  stock  quotations,  and  daily 
financiahreview.     On  Tuesdays  and  Fridays  "  The  Traveller  "  publishes,  by 
contract  with  the  City  of  Boston,  the  official  verbatim  report  of  the  proceed- 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  287 

ings  of  the  two  branches  of  the  City  Council,  which  makes  it  the  newspaper 
authority  on  municipal  affairs.  Within  the  past  few  years  its  circulation 
has  been  steadily  increasing,  and  it  has  manifestly  opened  a  new  and  pros- 
perous chapter  in  its  very  creditable  history. 

"  The  Boston  Herald  "  is  the  great  popular  newspaper  of  the  city.  Its 
circulation  is  far  in  advance  of  any  of  its  contemporaries,  and  its  business 
patronage  is  extensive  and  profitable.  It  has  for  many  years  enjoyed  a 
large  circulation  ;  but  its  greatest  growth  in  every  direction  has  been  under 
its  present  management.  It  is  essentially  a  w^wjpaper,  and  its  enterprise 
has  long  been  recognized  as  a  conspicuous  feature  of  its  conduct.  The  first 
number  of  "The  Herald"  was  issued  in  1846  as  an  evening  publication 
only,  "  neutral  in  politics."  It  was  a  small  sheet,  four  pages  of  five  columns 
each,  and  was  sold  for  a  penny.  In  1847  it  acquired  "The  American 
Eagle,"  and  in  1857  "  The  Daily  Times,"  both  of  which  were  merged  into 
it,  and  their  names  dropped  out.  The  success  of  the  venture  was  assured 
from  the  start.  With  the  second  year  the  form  of  the  paper  was  enlarged, 
and  it  appeared  with  morning,  evening,  and  weekly  editions.  The  weekly 
edition  was  discontinued  in  1851,  and  a  Sunday-morning  edition  was  started 
a  few  years  after.  In  1854  the  columns  were  again  enlarged;  and,  fifteen 
years  after  that,  the  paper  was  changed  to  its  present  size  of  eight  columns 
to  a  page,  and  four  pages  to  the  sheet.  Of  late  years  it  frequently  brings 
out  double  sheets ;  and  the  Sunday  issue,  a  large  quarto,  is  generally  a 
"  triple  sheet."  The  first  editor  was  William  O.  Eaton,  a  young  man  of 
twenty-two  when  he  first  took  charge.  Edwin  C.  Bailey,  once  postmaster 
of  Boston,  owned  and  managed  the  paper  for  several  years ;  and  he  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  managers,  R.  M.  Pulsifer  &  Co.,  who  bought  the 
establishment  in  1869.  Since  then  there  have  been  two  withdrawals  from 
the  firm,  but  the  principals  remained.  All  three  of  the  present  owners  "  grew 
up  "  on  "  The  Herald,"  —  Mr.  Pulsifer,  the  publisher,  from  a  modest  clerk- 
ship in  the  business  department;  E.  B.  Haskell,  the  editor-in-chief,  and 
C.  H.  Andrews,  the  news-manager,  from  the  positions  of  general  reporters 
in  the  editorial  department.  As  long  ago  as  1854  "  The  Herald  "  was  recog- 
nized as  having  the  largest  circulation  of  the  daily  papers  of  the  city,  by 
receiving  the  award  of  the  Post-office  letter-list  advertising.  For  seven  con- 
secutive years  "  The  Herald  "  had  claimed  this  as  a  right  by  virtue  of  the 
largest  circulation.  Its  average  daily  circulation  in  July,  1881,  was  133,000, 
and  that  of  the  Sunday  edition  117,310.  A  good  idea  of  the  kind  of  news 
demanded  by  the  people  can  be  gleaned  from  the  following  memoranda  of 
the  number  of  copies  sold  when  "The  Herald  "  contained  the  news  of  the 
events  cited :  — 


288 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


no.  or 

YEAR.                                 EVENTS.  COPIES. 

1863.    The  draft  riots  and   Lee's  march 

into  Pennsylvania 74>otX) 

1865.    The  evacuation  of  Richmond   .     .  60,000 

1865.     Lee's  surrender 60,000 

1865.    The    assassination    of    President 

Lincoln 83,520 

j866.     The  Fenian  raids 70,000 

1867.  The  election  returns 72»72° 

1868.  The  returns  of  presidential  elec- 

tion     78,000 

1869.  The  great  storm 75,844 

1870.  The  Fenian  raids 95.000 

1870.     The  Franco-Prussian  war    .     .     .  go,ooo 

1870.  The  battle  of  Sedan 100,000 

1 871.  The  Eastern  Railroad  accident  at 

Revere 111,840 

1871.    The  Chicago  conflagration  .     .     .  113,280 

1871.    The  election  returns 100,320 

1871.  The  Orange  riot  in  New  York      .  96,240 

1872.  The  assassination  of  James  Fisk, 

jun "3,760 

1872.    The  destruction  of  the  incomplete 

jubilee  Coliseum  by  a  gale     .     .  108,240 

1872.     A  murder  at  the  North  End      .     .  119,280 

1872.     The  October  election  returns    .     .  100,748 

1872.     The  November  election  returns    .  119,076 

1872.  The  Boston  conflagration     .     .     .  220,000 

1873.  The  Credit-Mobilier  scandal     .     .  137,000 
1874     The  November  elections  ....  139,212 

1874.  The  Beecher-Tilton  case      .     .     .  137,000 

1874.  The  second  Chicago  conflagration,  130,086 

1875.  The  Beecher  trial 158,698 

1875.    The  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  centen- 
nial      157,169 


NO.  OF 

YEAR.                                  EVENTS.  COPIES. 

1875.     The  execution   of  Wagner,  Gor- 
don, and  Costley 134,952 

J875.     The  November  election  returns     .  134,430 

1875,  The  Concord-fight  celebration  .     .  132,577 

1876.  Piper's  first  confession     ....  134,710 
1876.     Piper's  second  confession     .     .     .  158,492 

1876.     Piper's  execution 174,318 

1876.     The  October  elections     ....  139,480 

1876.     The  presidential  elections    .     .     .  147,216 
1876.     The  day  after  the  election  returns 

(said  to  be  the  largest  edition 
ever  printed  by  an   American 

daily  newspaper) 223,256 

1876.  The  November  elections ....  190,384 

1877.  The    railroad   strike   in   Western 

Pennsylvania,  and  riot  at  Pitts- 
burg   145,575 

1878.  Railroad    disaster    at  Wollaston, 

Oct.  8 145,600 

1878.  State  election  returns  in  Novem- 

ber       154,373 

1879.  The  Lynn  trunk  mystery,  July  17,  -  141,268 

1879.  November  election  returns  .     .     .  149,757 

1880.  Sinking  of  the  steamer  "  Narra- 

gansett "  in  Long-Island  Sound,  137,643 
1880.     Celebration  of  the  250th  anniver- 
sary of  settlement  of  Boston .     .  145,919 
1880.     Indiana  election  returns  ....  145,268 
1880.     Presidential  election  returns     .     .  159,104 

1880.  Presidential  election  returns     .     .  213,403 

1881.  Attempted  assassination  of  Presi- 

dent Garfield,  July  2    .     .     .     .  215,910 

1881.     The  President's  condition,  July  4,  174,996 

1881.     The  President's  condition,  July  5,  207,388 


"The  Herald"  was  long  established  at  No.  103  (now  numbered  241)  Wash- 
ington Street;  the  editorial,  press,  and  mailing  rooms  being  in  the  rear  on 
Williams  Court.  In  February,  1878,  it  removed  to  its  present  building,  espe- 
cially erected  for  it  at  No.  255  Washington  Street.  This  building  is  one  of 
the  finest  newspaper-offices  in  the  world.  Its  outward  appearance  is  most 
attractive,  and  its  internal  arrangements  are  most  complete.  It  is  furnished 
with  all  the  modern  conveniences,  and  was  built  from  the  most  carefully 
prepared  plans,  after  the  examination  of  other  modern  newspaper-offices.  It 
is  practically  two  buildings.  The  main  building  on  Washington  Street  has 
a  frontage  of  31  feet  9  inches,  and  a  length  of  179  feet.  The  L  leading 
into  Williams  Court  has  a  frontage  of  24^  feet,  and  a  length  of  40  feet. 
The  total  ground-surface  is  about  6,200  square  feet.  The  Washington-street 
front,  in  the  French  Renaissance  style,  makes  a  striking  contrast  with  its 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  289 

dingy  surroundings.  The  building  has  six  stories  and  a  high  basement. 
The  entire  finish  and  furnishing  of  the  building  are  elaborate,  and  in  excel- 
lent taste.  There  are  four  Bullock  presses  in  the  basement,  capable  of 
printing  86,000  papers  an  hour.  In  politics  "  The  Herald  "  is  independent. 
"The  Boston  Globe"  is  a  Democratic  morning  and  evening  newspaper, 
issuing  from  six  to  eight  editions  daily.  It  was  started  in  March,  1872,  as 
an  eight-page  paper,  independent  in  politics,  by  Maturin  M.  Ballou.  Mr. 
Ballou  retired  from  ownership  and  its  editorial  charge  the  following  year, 
and  was  succeeded  by  a  new  organization  which  endeavored  to  make  it  a 
complete  newspaper  up  to  the  metropolitan  standard,  and  also  independent 
in  politics.  It  was  so  continued,  with  varying  success,  until  the  spring  of 
1878,  when  the  radical  change  to  the  present  politics,  shape,  and  price  was 
made.  Its  morning  and  evening  editions  are  now  sold  at  2  cents  a  copy ; 
and  it  has  a  Sunday  edition,  a  large  quarto,  selling  at  5  cents  a  copy.  It 
also  publishes  a  weekly  edition.  The  several  editions  enjoy  a  large  circu- 
lation. Like  the  other  leading  newspapers  of  the  country,  it  has  had  a  very 
large  circulation  on  days  when  great  events  have  excited  the  public  mind. 
On  the  day  following  the  election  in  November,  1878,  82,400  "  Daily  Globes  " 
were  sold  ;  in  November,  1879,  66,070 ;  in  March,  1880,  on  the  last  day  of  the 
first  New- York  walking-match,  56,700;  Sept.  18,  1880  (250th  anniversary  of 
Boston),  54,880;  and  on  Nov.  3,  1880  (day  after  Presidential  election)  73,330. 
On  Jan.  1,  1881  (when  the  "  1981  Globe  "  was  issued),  80,260  copies  were  sold 
on  that  day.  Subsequently  the  demand  increased  all  over  the  country,  and 
several  hundred  thousand  more  copies  were  printed.  During  the  summer  of 
1881  a  Baltimore  firm,  who  bought  the  copyright  of  this  edition,  printed  the 
"  1981  Globe  "  in  several  languages,  and  began  the  distribution  of  millions  of 
copies  all  over  the  civilized  world.  During  the  sickness  of  President  Gar- 
field, "The  Globe  "  greatly  added  to  its  reputation  by  its  patriotic  course. 
During  the  campaign  of  1880  it  supported  Gen.  Hancock,  and  severely  criti- 
cised Gen.  Garfield.  After  the  election  it  recognized  him  as  the  President 
of  the  whole  people;  and  when  he  was  struck  down  by  the  bullet  of  the 
assassin  as  the  head  of  the  nation,  "  The  Globe  "  denounced  the  act  in  vigor- 
ous terms,  and  stood  on  high  patriotic  ground,  where  every  man  and  news- 
paper in  the  country,  with  hardly  an  exception,  were  firmly  united,  and 
prepared  for  any  emergency,  or  any  crisis,  which  might  affect  the  life  of  the 
Republic.  On  the  night  of  the  President's  death,  "  The  Globe  "  was  one  of 
the  few  newspapers  which  issued  a  midnight  extra  giving  the  news.  From 
one  to  three  o'clock  a.m.,  probably  for  the  first  time  in  their  history,  the 
people  of  Boston  were  awakened  by  newsboys  to  get  out  of  their  beds  to 
buy  a  newspaper.  The  sales  on  that  day  ran  up  to  117,800  copies.  On  the 
day  following  the  funeral  of  President  Garfield,  "  The  Globe  "  for  the  first 
time  in  the  history  of  journalism,  utilized  the  poets  on  a  broad  scale,  devot- 


290  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

ing  the  whole  first  page  to  tributes  to  the  President  from  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes,  Joaquin  Miller,  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  and  other  well-known  poets. 
It  was  a  decided  hit;  104,890  copies  being  sold  on  the  day  of  publication, 
and  many  thousands  were  sold  daily  for  several  days  afterward.  The 
"  Globe  "  Building,  Nos.  236  and  238  Washington  Street,  is  large  and  un- 
pretentious, extending  through  to  Devonshire  Street.  It  was  formerly  occu- 
pied by  "  The  Boston  Transcript."  "  The  Globe  "  is  well  fitted  out  in  each 
department,  stereotypes  its  forms,  and  with  its  new  press  has  facilities  for 
turning  out  50,000  papers  per  hour.  It  is  especially  enterprising  in  its 
efforts  to  obtain  the  latest  news,  —  the  National  Associated  Press  furnish- 
ing the  groundwork  of  its  despatches;  and  it  has  special  correspondents 
throughout  New  England,  and  at  leading  centres  in  the  whole  country.  In 
Jiwie,  1873,  when  Mr.  Ballou  sold  out  his  interest  and  retired,  the  stock- 
holders unanimously  placed  the  establishment  in  charge  of  Col.  Charles  H. 
Taylor,  who  has  been  the  manager  since  that  time.  The  managing  editor 
is  Benjamin  P.  Palmer. 

"The  Daily  Evening  Star"  is  a  one-cent  newspaper,  started  Oct.  18, 
1880,  by  Robert  C.  McCartney.  The  first  office  was  a  poorly  furnished 
room  at  7  Williams  Court,  where  it  remained  until  August,  1881.  At  that 
time  a  radical  change  was  made.  New  and  well-furnished  offices  were  taken 
at  No.  332  Washington  Street,  by  the  side  of  the  "Transcript"  Building; 
and,  although  the  original  press-room  was  retained,  it  was  quite  differently 
equipped  from  what  it  was  at  the  beginning,  when  an  ordinary  press  having 
a  capacity  of  1,000  papers  an  hour  was  the  sole  equipment.  To-day  two 
Bullock  presses  are  used,  the  forms  are  stereotyped,  and  the  capacity  is 
30,000  papers  an  hour.  The  circulation,  which  in  June,  1881,  was  about  6,000 
copies,  has  increased  to  over  25,000  daily.  The  "  Star  "  is  a  live  independ- 
ent paper,  and  seems  to  be  on  a  progressive  foundation. 

"  The  Sunday  Papers  "  — besides  the  immense  Sunday  editions  of  "The 
Boston  Herald"  and  "Boston  Globe"  —  are  "The  Saturday  Evening 
Gazette,"  "  The  Boston  Courier,"  and  "  The  Sunday  Budget."  "  The  Ga- 
zette "  was  established  in  1813  by  William  W.  Clapp,  the  first  "publisher  of 
"  The  Daily  Advertiser;  "  and  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  W.  W.  Clapp, 
now  of  "  The  Boston  Journal."  The  present  editor  and  proprietor  is  Col. 
Henry  G.  Parker.  The  paper  is  a  large  folio.  It  discusses  from  an  inde- 
pendent standpoint  literature,  politics,  and  the  general  events  of  the  day, 
and  pays  especial  attention  to  music,  the  drama,  and  art  topics,  in  all  their 
features.  It  was  the  original  society  paper  of  Boston  ;  and  its  "  Out  and 
About "  columns  have  long  furnished  a  favorite  medium  for  fashion,  news, 
and  gossip.  "  The  Gazette  "  has  the  position  of  the  oldest  of  Boston  news- 
papers, and  is  also  recognized  as  a  thoroughly  representative  paper  of  that 
which  is  distinctive  in  Boston  ideas  and  tastes.    "The  Courier "  was  for- 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.'  291 

merly  "  The  Daily  Courier,"  and  as  such  had  a  conspicuous  career  as  one  of 
the  chief  Whig  papers  of  Boston.  It  was  established  in  March,  1824,  and 
was  edited  until  1848  by  Joseph  T.  Buckingham,  in  his  day  one  of  the  lead- 
ing editors  of  New  England,  and  who  wrote,  among  other  things,  his  "  Remi- 
niscences," which  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  cf  journalism.  He 
was  succeeded  as  editor  by  Samuel  Kettell  (1848-55),  Isaac  W.  Frye  (1855— 
60),  and  George  Lunt.  Its  publication  as  a  daily  ceased  Dec.  31,  1866. 
It  is  now  a  literary  paper,  conservative  in  politics,  and  of  excellent  tone. 
Its  publisher  is  Joseph  F.  Travers,  and  its  editor  Arlo  Bates.  Among  its 
distinguished  contributors  have  been  Webster,  Choate,  Everett,  Winthrop, 
Cushing,  Felton,  Lanman,  Congdon,  Parsons,  Prescott,  Ticknor,  Curtis,  Ellis, 
Sprague,  Story,  Hillard,  and  many  others.  James  Russell  Lowell  wrote  the 
Biglow  Papers  for  u  The  Courier."  "  The  Budget  "  was  started  in  1878  by 
George  B.  James,  who  established  "  The  Daily  Globe."  In  June,  1881,  it 
was  purchased  by  William  A.  Hovey,  the  former  editor  of  "  The  Transcript," 
and  associates  ;  and  in  April,  1883,  John  W.  Dvvyer  bought  out  Mr.  Hovey's 
interest,  and  John  W.  Ryan  became  editor,  and  George  B.  James  treasurer 
of  the  Budget  Publishing  Company. 

Bicknell's  Educational  Publications  comprise  several  periodicals  pub- 
lished by  the  New-England  Publishing  Company,  of  which  Thomas  W. 
Bicknell  is  president.  Mr.  Bicknell  is  the  active  business  manager  of  all 
the  interests  of  the  company,  and  editor  of  its  leading  journals :  viz.,  "  Edu- 
cation," established  in  1880,  a  bi-monthly  magazine  of  112  pages,  containing 
contributions  from  eminent  authorities ;  and  "  The  Journal  of  Education,  — 
New-England  and  National."  "  The  American  Teacher "  was  founded  in 
September,  1883,  by  a  combination  of  several  other  school  papers,  and  stands 
among  the  foremost  of  educational  journals.  The  editorial  and  counting 
rooms  are  at  No.  16  Hawley  Street. 

Juvenile  Magazines  published  in  Boston  enjoy  great  popularity,  and 
have  a  wide  circulation.  The  oldest  of  this  class,  of  publications  is  "  The 
Youth's  Companion."  This  was  established  in  1828,  and  was  the  first  of 
its  kind  in  the  country.  It  is  published  by  Perry  Mason  &  Co.,  at  41 
Temple  Place.  Its  circulation  is  very  large,  exceeding  300,000;  and  it  has 
long  enjoyed  a  substantial  prosperity.  It  employs  some  of  the  ablest  pens, 
and  its  aim  is  to  elevate  the  taste  of  the  thousands  of  the  young  people  who 
read  and  enjoy  it.  It  is  liberally  illustrated,  and  published  weekly.  "Wide 
Awake,"  the  young  folks'  monthly  of  art  and  literature,  edited  by  Ella  Far- 
man,  is  published  by  D.  Lothrop  &  Co.,  32  Franklin  Street;  who  also  publish 
"  Babyland  "  and  the  "  Little  Folks'  Reader,"  monthlies,  and  "  The  Pansy," 
weekly.  "Wide  Awake  "  is  breezy,  original,  and  notably  healthful  in  tone. 
Its  authors  are  the  foremost  of  America  and  England,  as  are  its  artists  and 
engravers.    Its  happy  union  of  the  entertaining  and  practical  ranks  it,  per- 


292  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

haps,  first  of  the  young  folks'  monthlies.  Some  of  its  illustrations  are  of  a 
superior  order,  and  its  youthful  patrons  are  very  fond  of  it.  The  other  pub- 
lications are  for  younger  children.  "  Our  Little  Ones  "  is  a  new  young  folks' 
magazine,  edited  by  William  T.  Adams,  so  widely  known  as  "  Oliver  Optic." 
It  is  published  by  the  Russell  Publishing  Company,  at  No.  149A  Tremont 
Street.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  of  all  American  publications.  There  are 
other  juveniles  of  denominational  and  other  characters,  published  by  the 
various  houses,  prominent  among  which  is  "  Good  Times,"  whose  circulation 
is  not  far  from  20,000. 

"  The  Boston  Commercial  Bulletin,"  the  office  of  which  is  on  Washing- 
ton Street  opposite  the  head  of  Water  Street,  may  be  considered  the  pioneer, 
as  well  as  the  most  successful,  of  a  class  of  business  papers  devoted  to  trade, 
commerce,  and  manufactures,  or,  in  many  cases,  to  a  single  branch  of  trade. 
It  was  founded  Jan.  1,  1859,  by  Curtis  Guild;  and  is  now  published  by 
Curtis,  B.  F.,  and  Curtis  Guild,  jun.,  under  the  style  of  Curtis  Guild  &  Co. 
The  two  brothers,  Curtis  and  B.  F.  Guild,  are  both  natives  of  Boston,  and 
well  known  as  thoroughly  experienced  newspaper-men.  Mr.  Curtis  Guild, 
jun.,  graduated  at  Harvard  with  high  honors  in  1881.  The  influential  jour- 
nal which  they  publish  is  a  model  in  its  important  way.  It  is  a  large,  forty- 
column  folio  sheet,  devoted  to  the  financial,  business,  and  manufacturing 
interests  of  the  country ;  and  its  departments  of  market  reviews,  manufac- 
turing news,  stock-operations,  insurance,  mining,  business  changes,  failures 
in  business,  gossip  of  trade,  are  original  features  of  the  paper,  which  are 
presented  in  a  singularly  attractive  and  systematic  manner.  Beside  its  very 
full  amount  of  commercial  information,  which  is  of  value  to  every  buyer  or 
seller,  "  The  Boston  Commercial  Bulletin  "  occupies  a  high  position  as  a 
literary  journal.  A  portion  of  the  first  page  of  each  issue  is  devoted  to 
original  sketches  or  contributions  from  writers  of  recognized  reputation. 
Authors  whose  names  are  familiar  in  the  leading  serials  of  the  country  are 
engaged  in  this  department;  and  its  column  of  original  pungent  paragraphs 
known  as  the  "  Spice  of  Life  "  is  a  recognized  celebrity.  The  "  Bulletin  " 
is  noted  for  accuracy  and  fulness  in  its  different  departments :  it  is  a  model 
in  make-up,  typography,  and  paper.  Its  circulation  is  quite  large,  penetrat- 
ing every  part  of  New  England,  and  also  extending  all  over  the  United 
States.     It  rs  issued  weekly  at  $4  a  year. 

"The  Boston  Commonwealth"  was  established  Sept.  1,  1862,  by  James 
M.  Stone  and  Moncure  D.  Conway,  as  a  weekly  advocate  of  the  emancipa- 
tion of  the  slaves,  as  a  measure  of  war,  during  the  pending  of  the  great  civil 
contest  in  the  United  States,  and  of  their  subsequent  arming  as  soldiers  for 
the  national  cause,  and  final  recognition  as  citizens.  This  purpose  was  long 
in  advance  of  public  sentiment  on  the  subject,  but  it  was  persistently  and 
vigorously  followed.     Mr.  Conway -gathered  about  him  many  able  writers 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


293 


and  thoughtful  business  men  of  anti-slavery  proclivities,  who  cordially  sus- 
tained his  views.  For  a  year  or  more  the  appeals  to  President  Lincoln  and 
his  Cabinet  to  favor  emancipation  were  incessant  and  determined,  and  were 
not  without  influence  upon  the  advanced  statesmen  of  the  times.  During 
its  second  year  —  Mr.  Conway  taking  up  his  residence  in  England,  and  Mr. 
Stone  engaging  in  other  business —  Messrs.  Francis  W.  Bird  and  Frank  B. 
Sanborn  guided  the  interests  of  the  paper,  with  the  same  devotion  to  the 
main  purpose  of  its  establishment.  Mr.  Sanborn  did  much  to  give  a  high 
literary  tone  to  the  paper  in  connection  with  its  politics  ;  and  this  brought  to 
its  lists  a  large  number  of  eminent  subscribers,  including  nearly  all  the  fa- 
vorite New-England  authors,  who  have  been  retained  throughout  its  career. 
The  gentlemen  interested  in  the  paper  had  the  peculiar  satisfaction,  before 
the  war  ended,  of  seeing  their  leading  ideas  accepted  as  public  policy.  In 
October,  1864,  Mr.  Charles  W.  Slack,  a  practical  journalist,  who  had  been 
connected  with  the  "  Boston  Journal,"  "  Daily  Commonwealth,"  and  "  Even- 
ing Telegraph,"  was  asked  to  take  the  business  and  editorial  direction  by 
Messrs.  George  L.  Stearns,  Francis  W.  Bird,  Henry  L.  Pierce,  and  William 
Claflin,  who  had  in  turn  become  the  owners,  but  who  were  actively  engaged 
in  private  business ;  and  on  assuming  the  position  Mr.  Slack  proceeded  to 
make  the  paper  a  representative  New-England  journal,  devoted  to  politics, 
literature,  art,  current  comment,  and  news.  As  such  it  gave  an  earnest  sup- 
port to  Senators  Sumner  and  Wilson,  and  the  Massachusetts  delegation  gen- 
erally in  Congress,  in  all  the  varied  measures  of  "  reconstruction  "  after  the 
war,  the  adoption  of  the  constitutional  amendments,  etc.  In  this  work  it 
was  first  among  the  foremost,  and  had  a  fixed  and  firm  policy  that  was  of 
great  service  to  the  Republican  leaders  in  Congress,  and,  indeed,  all  over  the 
country.  With  the  gradual  settling-down  of  the  country  by  acceptance  of 
the  statesmanship  of  the  dominant  party,  more  opportunity  was  given  the 
paper  to  cultivate  the  arts  and  graces  of  peace ;  and  since  that  date  it  has 
been  the  aim  of  its  conductor  to  minister  to  all  that  adds  sweetness  and 
dignity  to  life,  the  elevation  of  humanity,  and  the  well-being  of  its  immediate 
constituency.  This  it  has  done  by  encouraging  all  rational  reform  move- 
ments, by  giving  the  best  thoughts  of  lecturers,  preachers,  and  other  leaders 
of  public  sentiment,  and  by  preserving  the  absolute  purity  of  its  columns. 
As  a  result  the  patronage  of  the  journal  is  almost  exclusively  family,  and 
the  circulation  among  refined,  progressive,  and  helpful  people.  It  is  still  (in 
its  twenty-first  volume)  published  weekly,  on  Saturdays,  at  No.  25  Bromfield 
Street,  Boston,  at  $2.50  per  annum,  or  five  cents'per  single  copy. 

."The  ABC  Pathfinder  Railway  Guide,"  issued  on  the  1st  of  every 
month  by  the  New-England  Railway  Publishing  Company,  is  a  useful  and 
indispensable  publication,  containing  official  time-tables  of  all  New-England 
and  Provincial  railroad  and  steamboat  companies,  with  complete  maps  of 


294  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

New  England,  and  numerous  sectional  maps.  The  same  company  publish 
"The  ABC  Pathfinder  Once  a  Week,"  containing  corrected  running  time 
of  every  railroad  centring  in  Boston,  and  correct  sailing  time  of  every  harbor 
and  coastwise  steamer :  "  The  ABC  Painfinder  Express  List,"  quarterly, 
giving  a  list  of  expresses  in  New. England,  revised  by  authority  of  the 
express-companies ;  and  "  The  ABC  Pathfinder  Shippers'  Guide,"  yearly, 
giving  a  list  of  all  the  railroad,  freight,  and  transportation  companies  carry- 
ing freight  out  of  Boston.  The  president  of  the  company  is  R.  S.  Gardiner, 
and  the  manager  and  treasurer  is  N.  E.  Weeks.  The  office  is  at  No.  117 
Franklin  Street.     Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.  are  the  printers. 

Agricultural  Papers.  —  The  old  "  Massachusetts  Ploughman  "  may  fairly 
be  called  the  leading  agricultural  paper  of  New  England.  It  was  established 
43  years  ago,  by  the  well-known  William  Buckminster  of  Framingham, 
Mass.,  and  was  carried  on  by  him  up  to  the  time  of  his  decease,  about  20 
years  since,  when  it  came  into  the  possession  of  George  Noyes,  of  Boston, 
by  whom  it  has  since  been  successfully  conducted.  The  new  proprietor 
immediately  initiated  a  series  of  improvements,  among  which  was  a  very 
considerable  enlargement,  and  the  additional  title  "  New-England  Journal  of 
Agriculture,"  emblematic  of  its  enlarged  mission  as  the  representative  agri- 
cultural newspaper  of  New  England.  About  that  time  the  New-England 
Agricultural  Society  was  organized  by  Dr.  Loring  (now  United-States  Com- 
missioner of  Agriculture),  who  became  its  first  president,  and  who  immedi- 
ately designated  "  The  Ploughman  "  to  be  the  "  official  organ  "  of  the  Society, 
"  through  which  the  leading  minds  of  the  Association  could  communicate 
with  the  public  j  "  which  relation  continues  to  the  present  day.  Such  men 
as  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  George  B.  Loring,  Charles  L.  Flint,  Daniel  Needham, 
Judge  French,  Paul  A.  Chadbourne,  Alexander  Hyde,  Levi  Stockbridge,  Pro- 
fessor C.  A.  Goessman,  and  other  leading  minds  rallied  to  its  support,  and 
gave  to  its  columns  at  once  a  high  character,  which  it  holds  to  the  present  day. 
"The  Ploughman"  gives  its  best  energies  to  the  leading  institutions  for  the 
progress  of  agricultural  science,  such  as  the  order  of  "  Patrons  of  Husbandry," 
the  "  Agricultural  Colleges,"  the  "  Experiment  Stations,"  and  the  furtherance 
of  the  work  of  the  American  Pomological  Society,  of  which  the  Hon.  Marshall 
P.  Wilder  is  the  venerated  president,  and  of  the  New-England  Agricultural 
Society,  of  which  the  United-States  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  is  the  hon- 
ored head.     "  The  Ploughman  "  is  published  at  45  Milk  St. 

"  The  American  Cultivator,"  published  by  George  B.  James,  at  259 
Washington  Street,  has  a  circulation  of  above  30,000.  "  The  New-England 
Farmer,"  published  by  Darling  &  Keith,  No.  34  Merchants'  Row,  is  a 
vigorous  and  able  farmers'  paper. 

Other  Publications,  including  weekly,  monthly,  and  literary,  art,  religious, 
and  miscellaneous  publications,  are  numerous,  and  they  address  all  classes. 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON.  295 


JJHarftetg  atttr  lExrijattgesL 

THE   MARKETS,    TRADE   EXCHANGES   AND   ASSOCIATIONS,   AND 

STOCK-BOARD. 

THE  first  market  in  Boston,  it  is  believed,  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Old 
State  House.  It  is  mentioned  in  Winthrop's  Journal  as  having  been 
"set  up  by  order  of  the  court"  in  March,  1634.  A  hundred  years  later 
three  markets  were  located  by  the  town,  —  one  in  North  Square,  one  in 
Dock  Square,  and  the  third  on  the  site  of  the  present  Boylston  Market. 
Three  hundred  pounds  were  appropriated  for  their  erection.  They  were 
opened  on  the  4th  of  June,  1734  ;  and  the  townspeople  were  greatly  pleased 
with  them.  It  was  long  the  custom  to  ring  a  bell  daily  at  sunrise  to  give 
notice  of  the  opening  of  the  markets  for  the  day,  and  at  one  o'clock  p.m., 
the  hour  of  closing.  The  market  in  Dock  Square  was  the  most  frequented. 
In  1736-7  the  old  market-house  here  was  demolished  by  a  mob,  "disguised 
as  clergymen ; "  a  contention  having  arisen  among  the  people  as  to  whether 
they  would  be  served  at  their  houses  in  the  old  way,  or  resort  to  fixed  local- 
ities. By  this  summary  method  the  question  was  for  the  time  being  settled. 
In  1740  Peter  Faneuil  proposed  to  build  a  market-house  at  his  own  expense 
on  the  town's  land  here  in  Dock  Square ;  his  only  condition  being  that  the 
town  should  legally  authorize  it,  enact  proper  regulations,  and  maintain  it 
for  the  purposes  named.  Though  this  offer  was  courteously  received,  such 
was  the  division  of  opinion,  that  it  was  accepted  by  a  majority  of  only  seven 
votes  out  of  the  number  voting.  The  building  was  completed  in  1742,  and 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1761.  In  1819  a  number  of  citizens  erected  what  was 
known  as  the  City  Market,  at  the  foot  of  Brattle  Street,  on  the  edge  of 
Dock  Square ;  but  the  General  Court  refused  to  incorporate  the  proprietors, 
and  the  city  subsequently  rejected  the  offer  of  the  market  as  a  gift. 

The  New  Faneuil-Hall  Market  is  the  name  given  to  the  floor  under 
Faneuil  Hall,  universally  known  as  the  "  Cradle  of  Liberty."  The  building 
was  erected  by  the  city  in  1762,  to  replace  the  market-house  on  the  same 
site  destroyed  by  fire  the  year  previous.  It  was  in  1805  enlarged  to  its 
present  size,  100  by  80  feet.  Faneuil  Hall  is  74  ft.  3  in.  long  by  75  ft.  3  in. 
wide,  and  has  no  seats  on  the  main  floor  and  only  a  few  in  the  gallery.  It 
is  used  chiefly  for  political  meetings  or  great  public  gatherings.  "  Webster 
replying  to  Hayne  in  the  United  States  Senate,  Jan.  26  and  27,  1830,"  a 
painting    16  by  30  feet,  by   Healy,   and   numerous   portraits   by  various 


>o6 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


artists,  adorn  the  walls  of  the  hall.  The  hall  is  granted  for  such  meetings 
as  the  city  approves  ;  and,  although  no  rent  is  charged,  the  expense's,  amount 
ing  to  $20  a  day  and  $25  a  night,  are  paid  by  those  using  the  hall. 


Faneuil  Hall  and  Quincy  Market,  Merchants'  Row.  , 

The  Quincy  Market.  —  The  erection  of  Quincy  Market,  —  first  called  the 
Faneuil-Hall  Market,  and  still  officially  known  by  that  name  though  popu- 
larly called  Quincy,  —  and  the  extensive  improvements  about  it,  constituted 
the  greatest  enterprise  of  the  kind  that  had  ever  been  undertaken  in  Bos- 
ton. It  was  one  of  the  many  great  improvements  in  the  city  due  to  the 
remarkable  energy  and  enterprise  of  Josiah  Quincy,  who,  according  to 
Drake,  "invested  the  sluggish  town  with  new  life,  and  brought  into  practi- 
cal use  a  new  watchword,  Progress."  At  this  time  there  was  a  row  of  vege- 
table sale-sheds  on  the  north  side  of  Faneuil  Hall ;  and  the  neighboring 
streets  were  obstructed  with  market-wagons,  while  farmers  were  compelled 
to  occupy  with  their  stands  Union  Street  nearly  to  Hanover,  and  Washing- 
ton almost  to  Court.  Work  on  Mr.  Quincy's  project  began  in  1824,  the 
corner-stone  of  the  new  market  laid  in  1825,  and  the  work  finished  in  1826. 
The  market-house  is  of  Quincy  granite,  two  stories  high,  535  feet  long,  and 
covering  27,000  feet  of  land.  The  centre  part,  74  by  55  feet  on  the  ground, 
rises  to  the  height  of  "jy  feet,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  fine  dome.  The  wings 
in  their  entire  extent  are  30  feet  high.    Upon  each  end  of  the  building  is  a 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


297 


portico  with  four  columns,  of  the  Grecian  Doric  style,  each  being  one  solid 
shaft  of  Quincy  granite.  The  first  story  is  occupied  by  the  market,  having 
its  stalls  on  each  side  of  a  grand  corridor,  through  the  entire  length  of  the 
building.  Above  was  once  a  vast  hall,  called  Quincy  Hall ;  and  here  with 
Faneuil  Hall,  a  bridge  being  thrown  across  the  square,  connecting  the  two, 
were  long  held  the  fairs  of  the  Massachusetts  Mechanics'  Association. 
This  hall  is  now  divided  into  apartments,  and  occupied  as  warerooms.  The 
market  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  richly  and  extensively  furnished  mar- 
kets in  the  country.  It  cost,  exclusive  of  the  land,  $150,000.  In  connec- 
tion with  the  work  of  building  this  market,  six  new  streets  were  opened, 
and  a  seventh  greatly  enlarged,  including  167,000  feet  of  land,  and  flats,  dock, 
and  wharf  rights  obtained  to  the  extent  of  142,000  square  feet.  "All  this," 
we  quote  from  Quincy's  History,  "  was  accomplished  in  the  centre  of  a  pop- 
ulous city,  not  only  without  any  tax,  debt,  or  burden  upon  its  pecuniary 
resources,  but  with  large  permanent  additions  to  its  real  and  productive 
property."  The  cost  of  the  market,  land,  and  street  and  other  improve- 
ments, was  $1,141,272. 

The  Boylston  Market,  at  the  corner  of  Boylston  and  Washington  Streets, 
when  opened  in  1810  was 
considered  far  out  of  town. 
It  was  named  for  Ward 
Nicholas  Boylston,  a  great 
benefactor  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, which  has  named  its 
chemical  laboratory  in  his 
honor,  and  a  descendant 
of  Dr.  -Zabdiel  Boylston, 
famous  in  the  history  of 
inoculation.  Mr.  Boylston 
presented  the  clock  that 
now  tells  the  time  to  pass- 
ers-by. Over  the  market 
is  Boylston  Hall,  in  which 
the  organization  of  several 
churches  has  taken  place, 
and  a  variety  of  musical, 
theatrical,  and  miscellane- 
ous entertainments  have 
been  held.  It  was  leased 
for  several  years  to  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  and  for  many  years  it  has  been  used  by  the  pub- 
lic schools  for  drill  purposes.    The  building  is  owned  by  the  Boylston  Market 


Boylston  Market,  Washington  Street. 


298  KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 

Association,  of  which  John  Quincy  Adams  was  the  first  president.  The 
land  was  bought  at  75  cents  a  foot,  and  the  building  cost  $20,000.  In  1859 
an  extension  of  40  feet  was  made;  and  in  1870  the  building  was  moved  back 
from  the  street  1 1  feet,  without  the  slightest  disturbance  to  the  occupants. 
The  second  story  now  contains  the  headquarters  and  the  armories  of  several 
of  the  well-disciplined  companies  of  the  city  militia.  Jonathan  French  is 
the  president  of  the  Boylston  Market  Association,  and  Hobart  Moore  the 
clerk. 

In  1852  the  Blackstone  Market,  on  Blackstone  Street,  and  the  Williams 
Market,  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Dover  Streets,  were  opened ;  and 
a  few  years  before,  the  Beach-street  Market,  in  the  building  where  the 
Dramatic  Museum  had  a  short  career  in  1848.  The  Williams  and  Beach- 
street  Markets  are  discontinued.  At  the  present  time,  besides  those  already 
mentioned,  there  are  the  Washington  Market,  the  farthest  up-town  market, 
established  in  1870,  in  a  spacious  and  attractive  building  250  feet  long,  situ- 
ated No.  1883  Washington  Street;  the  Suffolk,  corner  of  Portland  and  Sud- 
bury; the  Central,  No.  50  North;  the  Clinton,  No.  106  South  Market;  the 
Lakeman,  Blackstone,  corner  of  North ;  the  St.  Charles,  Beach,  corner  of 
Lincoln;  and  the  Union,  Nos.  15  and  17  Washington  Street.  There  is  also, 
on  Atlantic  Avenue,  between  Clinton  and  Richmond  Streets,  the  Mercantile- 
wharf  Market,  popularly  called  the  farmers'  market,  supplied  by  the  vegetable- 
farmers  of  the  near-by  towns.  There  are  small  market-houses  also  in  East 
Boston  and  South  Boston.  Of  the  market-houses,  the  city  owns  only  Faneuil 
Hall  and  Quincy  ;  or,  as  the  two  are  designated  in  the  official  records,  "Fan- 
euil Hall  and  market  under  the  same  ;  Faneuil  Hall  Market-house  and  Quincy 
Hall  over  the  same." 

The  business  exchanges  of  Boston  are  quite  numerous,  and  are  for  the 
most  part  conducted  on  a  broad  and  generous  scale.     The  chief  one  is  the 

Merchants'  Exchange  and  Reading-Room,  on  State  Street,  conducted  by 
the  Boston  Board  of  Trade,  in  the  old  Merchants'  Exchange  Building,  where 
the  last  great  conflict  with  the  flames  of  the  Great  Fire  of  1872  took  place. 
The  first  Merchants'  Exchange  was  established  in  1842,  when  the  present 
building  was  built.  It  occupied  a  fine  hall,  its  ceiling  supported  by  imita- 
tion Sienna  marble  columns,  with  Corinthian  capitals,  and  a  grand  dome 
overhead  filled  with  stained  glass.  Notwithstanding  that  this  was  well 
equipped  and  well  managed,  it  met  with  indifferent  success  ;  and  some  time 
before  the  Great  Fire  it  gave  way  for  the  sub-treasury,  which  occupied  the 
place  until  removed  to  its  present  quarters.  When  the  Board  of  Trade  took 
the  matter  in  hand,  its  object  was  to  establish  an  Exchange  after  the  most 
approved  plan,  and  on  a  par  with  the  best  and  most  complete  in  the  country; 
and  its  ambition  was  to  group  all  the  business  exchanges  of  the  city  under 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON. 


299 


one   roof,   with   the    Merchants'    Exchange   as   the    main    gathering-place. 
The  old  building  was  extensively  remodelled,  and  to  some  extent  rebuilt,  in- 
side ;  and  the  new  Merchants'  Exchange  and  Reading-Room,  as  thoroughly 
equipped  and  as  admirably  arranged  as  any  in  the  country,  was  opened  to 
subscribers  on  Oct.  1,   1S73.     The  main  hall  is  60  by  80  feet,  and  is  well 
lighted  by  spacious  windows  and  a  monitor  skylight.     The  floor  is  of  dia- 
mond-shaped blocks  of  black  and  white  marble  alternately;   a  white  mar- 
ble dado,  four  feet  high,  with  black  border,  encircles  the  room ;   and   the 
ceiling  is   tastefully  frescoed.     Newspaper-racks   are   arranged   along   the 
hall's  sides,  one  close  to  each  of  the  fourteen  pilasters ;  and  the  room  is  pro- 
vided with  every  possible  convenience.     The  bulletin-boards  record  market 
quotations,  promptly  received,  from  all  parts  of   the  world;   the  shipping- 
news  is  bulletined  as  received  by  telegraph  ;  vessels  arriving  are  immediately 
registered  ;  sales  of  stocks 
and    other    securities    are 
chronicled  ;    every   change 
of  wind  is  noted  on  a  dial 
marked  with  points  of  the 
compass     and     connected 
with   a  large  weather-vane 
on  the  roof  of  the  building; 
and  a  variety  of   other  in- 
formation  of   moment  and 
value  to  merchants  is  here 
given.     In  the  rear  of  the 
main  hall  is  a  large  retiring- 
room,  richly  and  comforta- 
bly furnished,  with    sump- 
tuous-looking    heavy     ma- 
hogany morocco-covered  chairs  and  lounges.     Here  are  held  the  meetings 
of  the  Board  of  Trade.     Admittance  to  the  Merchants'  Exchange  and  its 
privileges  is  given  only  to  subscribers.     These  number  in  the  vicinity  of 
1,000,  a  falling-off  of   nearly  500  since  the  establishment  of   the  rooms. 
This  is   accounted  for  by  changes  and  death  ;    but  more  particularly  by 
the  establishment  of  so  many  independent  trade  associations,  the  hope  of 
gathering  all  organizations  in  one  place  not  being  realized.     The  cost  of 
maintaining  the  establishment  is  about  $35,000  each  year.     The  president 
is    Eustace  C.   Fitz,  and  the    secretary  and  superintendent  is   Edward  J. 
Howard.     The  Merchants'  Exchange  Building  was  built  and  is  owned  by 
a  stock  corporation,  under  the  name  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange  Building 
Company.     It  cost,  without  the  land,  $175,000.     Its  front  is  of  Ouincy  granite. 
In  1880  many  changes  were  made  in  the  interior,  including  the  introduc- 


The  Merchants'  Exchange,  State  Street. 


3oo  ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

tion  of  a  Whittier  elevator.  On  the  same  floor  as  the  main  hall  of  the 
Exchange  is  the  insurance  agency  of  Franklin  S.  Phelps  &  Co.  Mr. 
Phelps  has  been  in  the  agency  and  brokerage  business  on  State  Street  for 
the  past  twenty-six  years,  and  enjoys  the  patronage,  confidence,  and  esteem 
of  many  Boston  business  men.  The  adjusting  of  marine  losses  is  also  a 
specialty  of  this  firm ;  E.  A.  Kellogg,  the  junior  partner,  devoting  his  whole 
attention  to  this  department. 

The  Boston  Commercial  Exchange  occupies  a  spacious  hall  in  the  Board 
of  Trade  building,  which  is  reached  through  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  and 
by  short  flights  of  marble  steps  at  the  rear.  It  is  provided  with  sample- 
tables,  large  blackboards  for  quotations,  a  case  of  "  standards  "  for  the 
different  grades  of  flour  and  grain,  —  which  standards  are  established  with 
great  care,  and  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  Exchange,  — 
books  for  the  record  of  daily  receipts  of  flour  and  grain,  etc.  The  "  change  " 
hour  is  from  12  m.  to  i£  P.M.  every  business  day;  and  business  is  limited  to 
the  sale  or  purchase  of  flour  or  grain  and  other  produce,  at  wholesale,  for 
cash  unless  otherwise  provided  for.  Important  committees  are  those  on 
inspection,  one  on  flour,  and  one  on  grain.  They  act  as  umpires  to 
settle  all  cases  of  dispute  as  to  the  grade,  soundness,  etc.,  of  the  articles 
under  their  supervision.  The  Commercial  Exchange  was  formerly  the 
Corn  Exchange,  which  was  established  in  1855,  but  not  incorporated  until 
1868.  In  1871  the  present  name  was  adopted,  that  the  title  might  be  broad 
enough  to  include  other  interests.  At  about  this  time  leading  provision, 
fish,  and  salt  dealers  joined  the  organization.  Subsequently,  however,  the 
latter  gradually  withdrew;  and  now  no  interests  other  than  flour,  hay,  and 
grain  are  represented  in  the  Exchange.  The  membership  is  about  250. 
William  O.  Blaney  is  president,  and  Herman  L.  Buss  is  secretary. 

The  Boston  Produce  Exchange  is  on  the  floor  over  the  Ouincy  Market, 
in  a  spacious  and  lofty  hall,  directly  under  the  dome  of  the  building.  This 
is  an  organization  of  recent  date.  It  was  organized  in  January,  1877.  It 
includes  the  leading  firms  in  the  wholesale  fruit,  produce,  and  provision 
business;  and  a  fair  representation  of  other  interests,  such  as  the  butter 
and  cheese,  fresh  fish,  etc.  A  "  call  "  for  the  sale  of  produce  is  held  daily 
at  11  a.m.  The  "change"  hour  is  from  1  to  2  p.m.  The  membership  is 
about  500. 

The  Boston  Fish  Bureau  is  the  name  of  the  fish-dealers'  exchange,  at 
No.  176  Atlantic  Avenue,  at  the  head  of  T  Wharf.  This  is  open  daily, 
and  is  frequented  by  the  most  active  men  in  the  business.  The  fish- 
market  of  Boston  continues  to  hold  the  leading  position  as  the  largest 
fish-market  in  the  country;  and  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  interests  of 
Eastern  New  England.  The  president  is  Barna  S.  Snow,  the  secretary 
is  William  A.  Wilcox,  and  the  treasurer  H.  Staples  Potter. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  301 

The  Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange  is  in  the  lower  story  of  the  building 
on  the  site  of  "  Church  Green,"  at  the  junction  of  Summer  and  Bedford 
Streets,  convenient  to  all  parts  of  the  leather-district.  It  was  established 
by  the  New-England  Shoe-and-Leather  Manufacturers'  and  Dealers'  Asso- 
ciation, incorporated  in  1871  "for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  general  wel- 
fare of  the  hide-and-leather  and  boot-and-shoe  interests  of  New  England." 
The  present  quarters  were  occupied  in  March,  1877.  Before  that  time,  and 
since  the  Great  Fire  in  1872,  the  Exchange  has  occupied  several  places, 
none  of  which  was  altogether  satisfactory;  and  the  manufacturers  and 
dealers  were  divided  into  two  parties,  —  one  desiring  the  general  exchange 
located  on  Hanover  Street,  near  the  American  House,  which  had  long  been 
the  headquarters  of  the  shoe-and-leather  men ;  and  the  other  advocating  its 
establishment  nearer  the  recognized  leather-district  of  the  business  portion 
of  the  city.  When  at  length  the  present  rooms  were  opened,  the  advantages 
presented  by  them  were  so  great  that  they  were  soon  accepted  as  the  princi- 
pal headquarters  of  the  trade.  The  main  room  is  large,  well  lighted,  and 
well  equipped.  It  has  ample  side  and  retiring  rooms,  private  and  public 
offices,  and  a  telegraph-office.  A  daily  register  is  kept  of  the  arrival  of 
out-of-town  dealers,  and  trade-reports  are  conspicuously  bulletined.  A  great 
advantage  to  the  members  of  the  trade,  who  enjoy  the  privileges  of  the 
Exchange,  is  the  information  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Credits,  and  the 
Bureau  of  Debts  and  Debtors,  two  important  departments  of  the  Shoe-and- 
Leather  Association.  The  Bureau  of  Credits  keeps  books  of  ratings  of 
the  commercial  standing  of  persons  and  firms  dealing  in  hides,  leather, 
boots  and  shoes,  and  findings,  not  only  in  New  England,  but  in  all  parts 
of  the  country ;  and  these  lists  are  constantly  revised.  The  Bureau  of 
Debts  and  Debtors  investigates  any  case  of  mercantile  failure  in  the  trade 
reported  to  it  by  a  creditor,  recommends,  and,  in  an  emergency,  takes, 
such  action  as  in  its  judgment  will  promote  the  interests  of  the  creditor. 
The  Exchange  is  open  daily  during  business-hours  for  the  convenience  and 
profit  of  the  subscribers ;  and  on  market-days,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays 
of  each  week,  from  12  m.  to  2|  p.m.,  the  "  change  "  hour,  the  place  is  crowded 
with  men  of  the  trade.  The  officers  of  the  Shoe-and-Leather  Association 
manage  the  Exchange ;  Augustus  P.  Martin  is  the  president,  and  Charles  S. 
Ingalls  the  secretary  and  general  superintendent.  Originally  the  trade  had 
its  headquarters  at  Wilde's  Hotel  on  Elm  Street,  and  subsequently  at  the 
American  House  on  Hanover  Street.  Before  the  Great  Fire,  there  was  a 
much-frequented  Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange  on  Pearl  Street. 

The  New-England  Furniture  Exchange  is  situated  at  No.  182  Hanover 
Street,  not  far  from  Haymarket  Square.  Its  membership  includes  the  prin- 
cipal manufacturers  and  dealers  in  furniture  and  kindred  articles  in  New 
England ;  and  its  object  is  mutual  protection  and  assistance  in  business. 


302  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF-  BOSTON. 

It  does  not  attempt  to  control  prices ;  but  it  exerts  an  influence  in  the  mat- 
ter of  the  length  and  condition  of  credits,  and  the  rate  of  cash  discounts. 
Like  the  Shoe-and-Leather  Exchange,  it  has  a  record  of  credits ;  and  being 
in  direct  communication  with  the  furniture  exchanges  in  other  cities,  and 
working  in  harmony  with  them,  under  a  plan  adopted  by  the  national  con- 
vention of  furniture-men  held  in  New  York  in  February,  1878,  it  obtains 
prompt  information  regarding  the  financial  standing  of  firms  and  traders  in 
all  parts  of  the  country,  while  it  aids  materially  in  protecting  creditors  and 
debtors  from  disastrous  consequences  of  failures  of  incompetent  and  dis- 
honest dealers.  This  exchange  manages,  in  the  combination  of  the  furniture 
exchanges  of  the  country,  what  is  known  as  "The  Boston  Section,"  which 
embraces  the  trade  in  Maine,  Vermont,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  that  part  of  Connecticut  east  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
the  Provinces  of  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia,  and  Quebec.  The  admis- 
sion-fee of  members  is  $25,  and  the  quarterly  assessment  $6. 

The  Lumber-Dealers'  Association  was  formed  in  1869,  to  bring  about 
"  united  action,  perfect  harmony,  and  mutual  understanding  among  lumber- 
dealers."  It  numbers  about  50  active  members,  resident  in  Boston  and 
vicinity,  and  meets  monthly  during  the  winter.  Its  president  is  Nathaniel 
M.  Jewett,  and  its  secretary  Waldo  H.  Stearns. 

The  Mechanics'  Exchange,  which  now  occupies  large  and  finely  fitted  up 
rooms  at  33  and  35  Hawley  Street,  was  started  as  a  private  enterprise  in 
1857,  and  was  conducted  for  some  time  by  Smith  Nichols.  It  first  occupied 
rooms  at  the  corner  of  State  and  Devonshire  Streets,  and  at  various  peri- 
ods has  since  been  located  on  the  opposite  side  of  State  Street  and  at  17 
Court  Street.  It  removed  to  its  present  quarters  in  1877.  About  ten  years 
ago  the  Exchange  was  re-organized,  and  its  management  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  board  of  officers  chosen  by  the  members.  A  yearly  assess- 
ment of  $20  is  paid  by  each  firm  belonging  to  the  institution  ;  the  members 
chiefly  are  master-mechanics  connected  with  the  various  building-trades. 
The  membership  is  now  about  300,  and  is  constantly  increasing.  The  Ex- 
change is  open  in  summer  from  7  a.m.  to  6  p.m.,  and  in  winter  from  8  to  5. 
The  busiest  hour  is  between  12  M.  and  1  p.m.  Then  the  rooms  are  crowded 
by  the  members,  who  meet  to  form  plans,  compare  views,  make  contracts 
and  bargains,  pay  bills,  and  transact  other  business.  Many  members  have 
no  other  headquarters  than  the  Exchange,  and  have  special  boxes  here  for 
their  papers  and  correspondence.  The  operations  of  the  members  are  not 
confined  to  the  city ;  and  large  contracts  are  taken  for  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, including  New  England,  New  York,  and  the  West.  The  building  oper- 
ations of  Boston  in  some  single  years  amount  to  $8,000,000,  and  the  greater 
amount  of  these  are  carried  on  by  members  of  the  Exchange.  The  president 
of  the  Exchange  is  B.  D,  Whitcomb,  and  the  superintendent  George  B, 
Chadbourne, 


KING'S  HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 


3°3 


The  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association  was  founded  in 
1795,  and  incorporated  in  1806.  Its  annual  income  is  employed  to  relieve 
the  distresses  of  unfortunate  mechanics  and  their  families,  to  promote 
inventions  and  improvements  in  the  mechanic  arts  by  granting  premiums 
for  inventions  and  improvements,  to  assist  young  mechanics  with  loans  of 
money,  and  to  establish  schools  and  libraries  for  the  use  of  apprentices  and 
the  improvement  of  the  arts.  The  association  awards  certificates  to  appren- 
tices, who,  on  arriving  at  21  years  of  age,  bring  testimonials  from  the  per- 
sons with  whom  they  served,  showing  that  they  have  behaved  with  fidelity 
and  attention,  and  have  not  violated  any  agreement  made  by  them.     Every 


The  old  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association  building,  Chauncy  Street  (now  Merchants' 

Building), 

third  year  the  association  holds  a  special  meeting  called  the  "  Triennial 
Festival."  At  irregular  intervals,  averaging  every  three  years,  it  holds  a 
public  exhibition,  popularly  called  the  "  Mechanics1  Fair."  For  many  years 
these  fairs  were  held  in  Faneuil  and  Ouincy  Halls,  the  two  being  connected 
by  a  bridge  extending  over  the  street.  In  1878  a  temporary  building  for  its 
fair  was  erected  on  Park  Square,  Columbus  Avenue,  and  Pleasant  Street. 
In  i860  the  association  erected  the  fine  dark  freestone  building,  in  the  Italian 
Renaissance  style,  on  the  north-west  corner  of  Chauncy  and  Bedford  Streets, 
at  a  cost,  including  the  land,  of  $320,000.  It  was  sold  in  1SS1 .  The  same 
year  the  association  erected,  at  a  cost  of  $500,000,  a  permanent  building,  suit- 
able for  exhibitions  and  all  the  purposes  needed,  at  the  corner  of  Huntington 


3o4  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

Avenue  and  West  Newton  Street.     It  covers  an  area  of  more  than  110,000 
square  feet.     Its  front  on   the  avenue  is  600  feet,  and  on  West  Newton 
Street  300  feet ;  and  at  its  widest  part  it  is  345  feet.     Its  avenue  front  is 
Renaissance,  with  free  treatment  in  style.     Arches  of  graceful  curves  rise 
nearly  to  the  coping.     These  and  the  adjacent  walls  are  massively  laid  in 
red  brick,  with  sills  and  caps  of  freestone,  and  terra-cotta  ornaments.     On 
one  side  of  the  main  arch  of  the  central  exhibition-hall  is  a  head  of  Franklin 
representing  electricity ;  and  on  the  other,  one  of  Oakes  Ames  representing 
steam  as  shown  in  railroading.     Surrounding  these  are  spandrels  of  palm, 
oak,  and  olive  branches,  in  which  appear  the  arm  and  hammer  of  the  asso- 
ciation's seal,  typical  of  the  mechanical  craft.     An  octagonal  tower,  90  feet 
high  and  40  feet  in  diameter,  forms  the  easterly  termination  of  the  building. 
Here  are  two  wide  entrances,  one  from  Huntington-avenue  sidewalk,  the 
other  from  the  carriage-porch,  itself  an  attractive  piece  of  ornamentation, 
built  of  brick  and  stone  with  open-timbered  and  tiled  roof.     The  building  is 
admirably  arranged  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed.     At  the 
easterly  end,  adjoining  the  tower,  is  the  "administration  building;"  beyond 
this  westerly  is  the  great  "  exhibition-hall,"  with  spacious  galleries  and  an 
ample  basement ;  beyond  that,  the  "grand  hall,"  extending  across  the  west 
end;  and,  between  the  balconies  of  these  two  halls,  the  art  galleries  and 
studios.     The  grand  hall  will  seat  8,000  people,  and  is  fitted  with  an  elegant 
organ,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  country,  and  all  conveniences  for  large  gather- 
ings.    The  "  administration  building  "  contains  on  the  first  story  the  various 
offices;  on  the  second  floor,  large  and  small  dining-rooms;  and  on  the  third, 
a  large  and  attractively  finished  hall.     The  first  exhibition  of  industry,  skill, 
and  art  in  this  building  (the  fourteenth  of  the  Association's  series)  was  held 
in  "September  and  October,  1881,  when  fully  375,000  persons  visited  it;-  and 
the  proceeds  were  upwards  of   $112,000,  with  expenses  of  about  $80,000. 
In  contributions,  conveniences,  elegance,  and  results,  it  transcended  all  pre- 
vious exhibitions.     Some  of  the  most  remarkable  developments  of  the  later 
years  in  science  and  mechanics  —  like  the  strength-testing  machine,  the 
railway  electric  safety-signals,  the  electric-lights,  the    postal-stamp  cancel- 
ling-machine,  etc.  —  were  presented  at  this  exhibition  ;  and  54  gold  medals, 
253  silver  medals,  355  bronze  medals,  and  337  diplomas  awarded,  besides, 
for  the  first  time,  a  "grand  medal  of  honor,"  of  gold,  exquisitely  wrought, 
for  the  single  exhibit  "most  conducive  to  human  welfare."     This  last  was 
taken    by   Mr.   Albert    H.   Emery,   civil    engineer,   of    New   York,   for  the 
strength-testing  machine.     Among  the  early  presidents  were  Paul  Revere, 
who  served  4  years ;  Jonathan  Hunnewell,  9  years ;  and  Benjamin  Russell, 
14  years.     The  officers  for  1S83  are  Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee,  president;  Charles 
R.   McLean,  vice-president;  Frederic  W.  Lincoln,  treasurer;    and  Joseph 
L.  Bates,  secretary. 


306  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Boston  Merchants'  Association  is  an  organization  established  in 
1S76.  and  incorporated  in  December,  1SS0,  ''for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the 
interests  of  Boston  by  maintaining  places  for  social  and  business  meetings 
and  intercourse,  and  diffusing  useful  knowledge."'  It  has  standing  commit- 
tees, on  arbitration,  which  are  to  decide  questions  of  dispute  and  difference 
between  members;  on  transportation  ;  and  on  debts  and  debtors,  to  investi- 
gate failures  in  trade.  It  has  a  membership  of  320  firms  and  individuals, 
representing  the  different  business  interests  of  the  city,  the  wholesale  dry- 
goods  predominating.  It  is  established  in  attractive  rooms  in  the  old  build- 
ing of  the  Charitable  Mechanics'  Association,  on  the  corner  of  Bedford 
and  Chauncy  Streets,  which  were  first  occupied  in  the  summer  of  rS8o. 
They  comprise  a  main  dining-hall  fitted  in  ash  tables  and  chairs  of  Eastlake 
pattern,  and  two  parlors  connected,  for  business  or  social  purposes.  The 
rooms  are  finelv  finished,  and  the  walls  are  hunsr  with  an  attractive  collection 
of  paintings.  The  annual  and  occasional  dinners  of  the  association  are  in- 
teresting local  features,  and  it  frequently  leads  in  the  entertainment  of  dis- 
tinguished guests  in  the  city.  The  president  is  Augustus  Whittemore; 
treasurer,  Joseph  \V.  Woods;  clerk,  Edwin  R.  Walker. 

The  Boston  Mining-Stock  Exchange,  at  No.  66  State  Street,  was  estab- 
lished in  1S79.  It  was  originally  organized  as  a  corporation  under  the  State 
laws:  but  in  the  spring  of  the  present  year  the  members  voted  to  abandon 
the  corporation  and  re-orsranize  as  an  association,  for  convenience  in  manaire- 
ment.  Consequently  the  supreme  court  legally  dissolved  the  old  corpora- 
tion, at  its  own  request:  and  re-organization  was  effected  during  the  summer. 
The  "Exchange"  room  is  well  arranged  for  the  convenient  and  prompt 
transaction  of  business.  The  membership  is  not  large.  About  a  hundred 
mining-companies  have  offices  in  Boston. 

The  Boston  Marine  Society  is  one  of  the  oldest  organizations  in  Boston. 
It  was  instituted  in  1742,  under  the  name  of  the  Fellowship  Club,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1754.  Its  active  members  are  masters  of  vessels  ;  and  its 
honorary  members  arc  owners  of  vessels,  merchants,  and  others.  It  aims 
to  improve  the  knowledge  of  this  coast  by  having  its  various  members  com- 
municate in  writing  their  observations  on  their  inward  and  outward  trips,  of 
the  variation  of  the  needle,  the  soundings,  courses,  and  distances,  and  all 
remarkable  things  about  the  coast  :  also  to  relieve  one  another  and  their 
families  in  poverty  or  other  adverse  accidents  in  life.  The  society  has  a 
fund  of  about  $125,000.  Its  grants  to  indigent  members  and  their  families 
in  the  past  So  years  amount  to  $300,000,  of  which  $120,000  was  granted 
during  the  past  20  years.  The  president  is  Octavius  Howe,  and  the  secre- 
tary Henry  Howard.  The  society  occupies  Room  13  in  the  Merchants" 
Exchange  building. 

The  Boston  Board  of  Marine  Underwriters  was  organized   in  1S50.     Its 


KING'S    HANDBOOK   OF   BOSTON 


307 


object  is  to  obtain  such  benefit  as  may  be  derived  from  consultations  on 
measures  of  general  interest,  and  from  concerted  action  where  such  action 
is  likely  to  promote  the  interests  of  its  members,  who  comprise  almost 
exclusively  the  Boston  insurance-companies  doing  marine  business.  It  has 
agents  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  from  whom  is  constantly  received  informa- 
tion regarding  vessels  in  trouble.  The  inspectors  of  the  board  inspect  and 
rate  all  vessels  that  arrive  at  this  port.  This  board  also  makes  the  tariff  of 
charges  for  marine  insurance.  The  board  has  its  office  in  the  Merchants' 
Exchange  building.  Isaac  Sweetser  is  president,  and  George  H.  Folger 
secretary. 

The  New-England  Manufacturers'  and  Mechanics'  Institute  is  a  joint- 
stock  corporation  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  ;  its  fundamental 
object  being  to  establish  an  organization  of  the  manufacturers  and  mechanics 


New-England   Manufacturers'  and   Mechanics'   Institute. 

of  New  England,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  general  improvement  of 
its  manufacturing  and  mechanical  interests.  It  was  organized  in  Septem- 
ber, 1878,  and  incorporated  in  April  the  following  year.  Its  capital  stock 
was  fixed  at  $200,000,  divided  into  shares  of  $25  each.  The  first  work  of 
the  new  organization  was  the  erection  of  a  substantial,  permanent,  fire-proof 
exhibition-building.  This  was  begun  in  the  spring  of  1881,  and  completed 
in  the  autumn.  It  is  situated  on  Huntington  Avenue,  and  covers  an  area 
of  nearly  five  acres  of  land.  Its  available  floor  space  for  exhibition  pur- 
poses exceeds  eight  acres.  The  main  entrance  opens  into  an  ample  vesti- 
bule, which  has  a  depth  of  134  feet,  and  a  lateral  extent  about  250  feet. 
Across  the  width  of  the  vestibule  three  broad  avenues  extend,  one  leading 
directly  to  the  central  avenue  or  aisle  of  the  main  building,  the  others  lead- 
ing diagonally  towards  the  two  other  aisles  extending  the  full  length  of  the 
main  floor  parallel  to  the  main  or  central  aisle.     The  interior  construction 


3o8  ICING'S    HANDBOOK    OF  BOSTON. 

of  the  main  building  is  without  partitions,  so  that  the  view  of  the  vast  in- 
terior is  not  obstructed.  Two  galleries,  each  63  feet  wide,  extend  lengthwise 
of  the  building.  These  are  not  built  against  the  side  walls,  but  parallel  to 
them,  and  at  a  distance  from  them  of  63  feet.  There  are  galleries  also  at 
the  front  and  rear  of  the  building,  constructed  in  the  usual  way.  The  front 
gallery  is  spacious,  and  corresponds  to  the  dimensions  of  the  vestibule  below 
it.  The  space  bounded  by  the  gallery  fronts  is  400  feet  long,  126  wide,  clear 
of  columns,  and  open  to  the  roof,  a  height  of  80  feet.  The  first  fair  of  the 
Institute  was  opened  on  Aug.  18,  .1881.  It  is  proposed  to  have  industrial 
exhibitions  annually.  The  second  exhibition  opened  on  the  6th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1882,  and  remained  opened  until  the  12th  of  November,  achieving  a 
great  success.  The  president  of  the  organization  is  James  L.  Little ;  John 
F.  Wood  is  treasurer,  and  F.  W.  Griffin  secretary.  The  fair  is  under  the 
immediate  direction  of  an  executive  committee,  which  includes  the  officers 
of  the  institute  and  representatives  of  different  mercantile  interests.  Dur- 
ing the  summer  the  exhibition  building  of  the  institute  is  utilized  as  a  great 
popular  summer-amusement  establishment,  in  which  there  is  provided  a 
large  theatre,  an  extensive  billiard-room,  a  roller-skating  hall,  a  bicycle  and 
trotting-track,  a  shooting-gallery,  spacious  bowling-alley,  large  restaurant, 
and  various  other  novel  and  familiar  attractions,  all  under  one  roof.  It  is 
called  "The  Casino."  It  is  open  daily  and  evenings,  except  on  Sundays, 
and  is  largely  patronized.  At  night  it  is  brilliantly  lighted  by  the  electric 
light. 


KING'S   HANDBOOK'  OF  BOSTON. 


>°9 


E\)c  Backbone  of  tijc  Citg. 

PROMINENT    AND    INTERESTING    MERCANTILE    AND    MANU- 
FACTURING   ESTABLISHMENTS. 

THE  interesting  features  of  Boston  shown  in  the  previous  chapters,  and 
many  that  were  necessarily  left  unmentioned,  are  due  chiefly  to  the 
liberality  and  culture  of  the  business-men  from  whom  is  obtained  the  money 
required  to  carry  to  completion  all  material  improvements.  It  is  true  that 
many  professional  men  give  money  to  aid  great  works:  but  it  will  be  found, 
if  traced  back  sufficiently,  that  this  money  was  earned  by  them,  directly  or 
indirectly,  from  the  business-men.  This  fact  alone  would  justify  sketches 
of  corporations  and  individuals  who  have  acquired  success  in  the  honorable 
management  of  their  various  pursuits:  but  to  this  can  be  added  the  state- 
ment that  many  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  city  are  in  the 
factories  and  warehouses  where  the  necessities  and  luxuries  of  life  are  made 
and  sold. 

If  we  think  of  the  wares  of  the  merchants,  and  also  of  the  productive 
and  commercial  agencies  employed  to  place  them  at  the  disposal  of  the 
people,  we  certainly  will  grant  that  the  shops  of  a  great  citv  are  among 
the  most  suggestive  subjects  for  reflection.  In  a  book  of  this  class,  making 
no  claims  to  be  a  "  city  directory,"'  there  is  but  little  space  in  which  to  notice 
the  thousands  of  mercantile  and  manufacturing  firms :  and  this  space  must 
be  given  to  only  a  few  of  those  owning  establishments  of  a  prominent  char- 
acter or  of  great  public  interest.  The  business-structures  include  many  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  architecture  in  the  citv.  The  stores  contain  displays 
of  goods,  that,  placed  in  museums  or  exhibition-rooms,  would  make  attractive 
and  exceedingly  valuable  collections  as  works  of  art.  In  the  manufactories, 
so  often  overlooked  and  so  seldom  looked  over  by  resident  or  visitor,  are  to 
be  seen  some  of  the  greatest  exhibitions  of  skill  and  ingenuity,  as  well  as 
some  of  the  most  interesting  subjects.  It  is  particularly  appropriate  to 
begin  our  sketches  with  that  of  a  house  uniting  specially  noteworthy  architec- 
tural, commercial,  and  manufacturing  features.  This  establishment  and  the 
others  described  afterward  are  open  to  visitors.     We  refer  to 

Macullar,  Parker,  &  Company,  the  famous  clothiers  and  tailors,  who  have 
established  their  great  manufactory  and  warehouse  at  No.  400  Washington 
Street,  in  a  very  commodious  and  stately  marble  building  From  a  business 
point  of  view,  and  with  more  particular  reference  to  the  retail  trade,  it  may  be 


3io 


A'/NG'S  HANDBOOA'  OF  BOSTON. 


said  that  this  location  is  very  near  the  heart  of  the  city.  Summer,  Frank- 
lin, and  Milk  Streets  from  the  south-east,  and  Temple  Place  and  Winter 
and  Bromfield  Streets  from  a  north-westerly  direction,  converge  here  toward 

a  common  cen- 
tre, swelling  the 
ceaseless  tide  of 
travel  through 
Washington 
Street  to  pro- 
portions that 
were  little 
dreamed  of  thir- 
ty years  ago. 
The  fire  of  1S72 
came  up  to  the 
head  of  Frank- 
lin Street  from 
the  water- side, 
but  did  not  cross 
Washington 
Street.  T  h  e 
building-  then 
occupied  by 
Macullar,  Par- 
ker, &  Compa- 
ny was  one  of 
the  last  to  suc- 
cumb to  the 
progress  of  the 
flames  in  that 
direction  ;  and 
its  ruins  very 
nearly  marked 
the  north-west- 
erly limit  of  the 
great  disaster. 
The  present 
building  stands 
on  precisely  the 

same  site,  and,  as  being  the  place  of  an  exceptional  combination  in  trade 
and  manufacture,  forms  mainly  the  subject  of  this  writing. 

It  may  lend  some  interest  to  what  we  have  to  say,  if  we  begin  with  the 


"FSSSRBi 


Macullar,   Parker,   &  Company,   Washington  Street 


AT/JVC S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON  3" 

statement,  that  for  the  year  ending  May  31,  1880,  according  to  the  United- 
States  census  report,  10,354  employe's  were  engaged  in  making  men's  cloth- 
ing in  the  city  of  Boston.  It  is  understood  that  special  efforts  were  made 
to  secure  accuracy  in  the  returns,  and  that  experts  only  were  employed  to 
conduct  the  canvass,  and  arrange  the  results  for  publication.  The  value  of 
production  in  this  line  for  that  year  was  $16,157,892.  From  any  and  all 
points  of  view,  it  appears  that  this  industry  leads  all  others  in  Boston. 
While  the  business  has  been  pursued  in  general  with  an  energy  that  is 
inseparable  from  the  methods  of  a  great  distributing  centre-,  we  are  still  to 
remember  that  in  this  as  in  all  other  pursuits  there  is  the  inevitable  differ- 
ence that  springs  from  intelligent  and  honorable  effort  on  the  one  hand, 
and  that  other  element  which  is  content  to  remain  passively  in  a  second  or 
third  rate  position.  It  is  the  difference,  simply,  that  exists  between  the  best 
and  that  which  is  commonplace  and  inferior. 

It  is  now  thirty  years  and  more  since  three  young  men  mapped  out 
an  enterprise  that  to  their  minds  seemed  feasible.  It  may  be  that  they 
"  builded  better  than  they  knew ; "  but  be  that  as  it  may,  certain  it  is  that 
their  plans  —  developed  from  year  to  year  as  occasion  required,  and  never 
deviated  from  through  all  vicissitudes  of  hard  times,  dull  seasons,  and 
serious  loss  by  fire  —  have  culminated  in  a  business  and  a  reputation  that 
have  never  been  exceeded  by  other  parties  in  the  same  sphere  of  action. 
Referring  to  the  trade  in  ready-made  clothing  at  the  time  when  these  part- 
ners began  for  themselves,  we  may  say,  without  assuming  an  undue  cen- 
sorial tone,  that  there  was  room  for  improvement  in  business  methods. 
Transactions  in  some  quarters  were  not  characterized  by  any  very  fine  sense 
of  right,  and  inexperienced  buyers  could  not  always  depend  upon  the  quality 
of  their  purchases.  It  required-  some  courage  on  the  part  of  the  new  firm 
to  lay  down  for  their  own  guidance  certain  canons  in  business  ethics  that 
were  to  be  as  immutable  as  the  laws  of  the  Medes  and  Persians,  and  then 
trust  to  a  future,  more  or  less  remote,  for  vindication  and  success.  It  goes 
without  saying,  that  such  men  might  be  depended  upon  for  truthful  state- 
ments and  fair  dealing  ;  but  that  was  not  all.  It  was  determined  that  every 
article  sent  out  from  their  shops  should  be  perfect  in  every  detail.  There 
were  to  be  no  goods  liable  to  fade,  no  fancy  colors  that  would  not  stand  a 
long  exposure  to  the  sun  or  rain,  no  mixture  of  cotton  in  warp  or  woof,  and 
no  half-way  workmanship  in  making  and  trimming  garments.  A  certain 
standard  was  set  up ;  and  so  far  as  chemical  science  could  point  out  frauds 
in  textures,  and  rigid  inspection  by  experts  could  detect  flaws  in  workman- 
ship, that  standard  from  that  day  to  this  has  never  been  compromised. 
This  is  a  matter  that  admits  of  exact  statement,  and  the  asseveration  has 
never  been  disputed.  Of  the  gradual  expansion  of  such  a  business  from 
small  beginnings  to  its  present  scope  and  continental  fame,  we  are  not  now 


312 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


to  speak.    The  remainder  of  our  space  can  only  be  given  to  a  brief  summary 
of  results  as  seen  to-day. 

The  great  building,  that  to  the  public  eye  represents  the  outcome  of  these 
thirty-one  years  of 
progress  on  such 
reputable  lines, 
fronts  on  two 
streets, — Washing- 
ton and  Hawley. 
No  adequate  idea 
of  its  size  can  be  had 
from  a  street  view. 
It  is  only  by  pass- 
ing through  from 
one  end  to  the 
other,  that  the  vis- 
itor realizes  its  pos- 
sibilities in  dimen- 
sions and  equip- 
ment. The  floor 
space  amounts  to 
an  area  of  60,000 
feet.  Counting  the 
basement  —  where 
the  engine,  boilers, 
steam-pumps,  ven- 
tilating apparatus, 
shafting,  and  car- 
penter's and  ma- 
chinist's shops  are 
located  —  it  is  al- 
most 70,000.  The 
building  was  de- 
signed expressly 
for  the  business, 
and  in  points  of 
safety,  comfort,  and 
ventilation,  is  equal 
to  any  public  structures  on  a  similar  scale  of  magnitude.  Within  two  years, 
more  floor  space  for  work  and  store  rooms  was  called  for.  This  demand 
was  promptly  met  by  annexing  rooms  in  adjacent  buildings  ;  and  now  four 
very  large  apartments,  fronting  respectively  on  Washington  and  Hawley 


Hawley-street  Front  of  Macullar,   Parker,  &  Company's  Building. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  3*3 

Streets,  supplement  the  accommodations  of  the  original  building,  adding  an 
area  of  at  least  half  an  acre.  These  outside  rooms  are  in  each  case  con- 
nected with  the  central  workrooms  by  covered  iron  bridges.  There  is  now 
ample  space  (but  none  to  spare)  for  the  movements  of  more  than  six  hundred 
operatives  and  clerks ;  and  work  drives  from  one  year's  end  to  the  other, 
barring  vacation  time  and  the  holidays,  for  no  employe  is  asked  to  work 
when  all  considerations  of  propriety  say  that  he  or  she  ought  to  rest.  Their 
time  is  freely  and  cheerfully  given  them  for  the  observance  of  all  the  legal 
holidays,  and  in  many  other  instances  they  receive  favors  entirely  out  of  the 
usual  course.  Thus  the  building  encloses  a  little  commonwealth  of  cheerful, 
contented,  and  well-paid  workers,  who  take  an  interest  in  the  house,  and  a 
pride  in  its  productions. 

No  work  is  sent  out ;  the  idea  being,  that  by  passing  a  garment  along  in 
the  shops  from  hand  to  hand  through  the  different  stages  of  completion, 
until  some  fourteen  specialists  have  each  assisted  in  the  line  to  which  he  or 
she  was  trained,  an  absolute  perfection  is  attained,  which  can  be  arrived  at 
in  no  other  way  where  goods  are  made  in  such  large  quantities  for  stock 
purposes.  This  seems  to  be  correct  in  theory;  and,  indeed,  we  have  been 
told  by  competent  authority  that  Macullar,  Parker,  &  Company's  ready-made 
clothing  is,  and  from  the  nature  of  things  must  be,  superior  to  the  general 
run  of  custom-made  articles.  For  instance,  button-holes  are  better  formed 
and  stitched  by  a  person  who  does  nothing  else,  than  when  they  have  to 
take  their  chances  in  the  ordinary  way  ;  and  so  it  is  with  making  seams, 
shaping  up  collars,  and  all  the  other  minutice  of  the  business. 

The  firm  import  their  own  foreign  piece  goods,  and  have  a  direct  interest 
in  the  manufacture  of  home  fabrics  that  take  second  place  only  after  the 
best  in  Scotland  and  England.  Of  these  piece  goods  they  are  jobbers, 
selling  any  number  of  yards  that  may  be  wanted  by  merchant-tailors  from 
Maine  to  Utah.  They  have  agencies  in  Chicago,  New  York,  and  Phila- 
delphia; and  in  this  way  they  become  the  distributers  annually  of  an  im- 
mense amount  of  first-class  woollens.  Among  other  European  mills  with 
which  they  have  a  direct  correspondence,  we  may  mention  the  representative 
concerns  in  Scotland  that  are  located  at  Aberdeen,  Selkirk,  Hawick,  and 
Dumfries,  and  those  in  England  at  Huddersfield,  Bath,  Stroud,  and  Trow- 
bridge. 

In  1876  a  branch  house  was  established  in  Providence  for  the  sale  of 
ready-made  clothing.  Since  then  a  department  has  been  added  for  the  pro- 
duction of  custom-made  articles.  The  Providence  building  was  designed 
and  built  for  this  firm's  exclusive  occupancy. 

Of  course  such  a  house  with  such  a  record  must  lead  rather  than  follow 
in  all  improvements.  Many  of  their  methods  are  peculiar  to  themselves ; 
and  one  of  the  greatest  inconveniences  of  the  Great  Fire  was  caused  by  the 


314  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

destruction  of  special  patterns  and  models  that  no  money  could  duplicate 
from  other  sources. 

The  accompanying  views  of  Macullar,  Parker,  &  Company's  building, 
will  recall  It  to  the  minds  of  many  people  who  are  .not  residents  of  Boston. 
The  handsome  fagade  of  white  marble  is  a  familiar  feature  of  the  archi- 
tecture of  Washington  Street,  while  the  sectional  presentation  is  a  piece  of 
realistic  work  that  has  attracted  much  attention  from  its  effectiveness  and 
novelty  of  design.  From  roof  to  sub-cellar,  the  interior  of  the  structure 
appears  in  this  illustration  as  it  would  if  one  of  the  outer  walls  were  entirely 
removed. 

Of  the  original  firm,  Messrs.  Addison  Macullar  and  Charles  W.  Parker 
still  retain  their  membership.  The  senior  partner  resides  in  Worcester, 
and  is  not  now  an  active  manager.  Mr.  George  B.  Williams  withdrew  in 
1879.  Mr.  Parker  is  the  general  manager  in  all  departments,  and  has  given 
successful  direction  to  affairs  for  many  years.  He  is  ably  seconded  by  the 
junior  partners,  —  Messrs.  Nathan  D.  Robinson,  Ira  B.  Fenton,  James  L. 
Wesson,  and  Hatherly  Foster. 

Bradstreet's  Mercantile  Agency  occupies  for  its  Boston  business  the 
commodious,  spacious,  and  elegant  offices  at  100  Franklin  Street,  corner  of 
Devonshire.  The  name  and  purpose  of  this  organization  are  familiar  to  mer- 
chants, manufacturers,  and  bankers  throughout  the  civilized  world.  It  was 
established  in  1849  by  J.  M.  Bradstreet,  who  soon  after  admitted  his  .son 
under  the  firm-style  of  J.  M.  Bradstreet  &  Son.  In  1863  the  senior  died; 
but,  by  special  act  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York,  the  style 
remained  the  same  until  April,  1876,  when  it  was  incorporated.  In  August 
of  the  same  year  the  business  was  purchased  by  the  present  stockholders, 
and  has  since  that  time  been  conducted  by  The  Bradstreet  Company.  It  has 
been  from  its  inception  noted  for  enterprise  and  progressiveness,  and, 
under  the  present  management  especially,  has  made  rapid  strides  toward 
perfection  by  the  adoption  of  a  system  and  discipline  excelled  by  no  cor- 
poration extant,  and  being  equivalent  to  that  of  the  strictest  military  organ- 
ization. Having  no  entangling  alliances,  owning  and  controlling  its  vast 
business  in  America,  Europe,  Australasia,  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  it 
stands  before  the  commercial  world  to-day  as  the  best  exponent  of  a  system 
which  the  wonderful  development  of  intercommunication  and  the  changed 
relation  of  business  interests  have  made  a  necessity.  This  company  also 
publish  the  well-known  journal,  "  Bradstreet's,"  which  has  become  an  ac- 
knowledged authority  on  all  subjects  connected  with  trade,  finance,  and 
public  economy.  The  information  and  statistics  presented  in  this  paper, 
and  particularly  the  reports  of  the  condition  of  business,  the  growth, 
maturity,  and  volume  of  the  leading  cereals,  are  distinctively  its  own,  and 
are  eagerly  sought  for  and  copied  by  the  better  class  of  journals. 


KING  'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOS  TON.  3 1 5 

The  Boston  Gaslight  Company  is  one  of  the  oldest  business  associa- 
tions in  Boston,  and  was  incorporated  in  1822.  Previously  to  that  time, 
experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  illuminating-gas  had  been  carried  on  in 
a  building  in  Avery  Street,  near  Mason  Street,  which  was  at  one  time  used 
as  a  circus  and  riding-school.  Dr.  John  W.  Webster,  by  whom  these  ex- 
periments had  been  initiated,  was  appointed  treasurer  and  clerk  of  the  new 
company,  and  became  its  principal  manager.  The  first  president  was  Bry- 
ant P.  Tilden;  and  among  the  stockholders  were  Charles  P.  Curtis,  John 
C.  Gray,  Francis  C.  Gray,  Horace  Gray,  Patrick  T.  Jackson,  William  Pres- 
cott,  Franklin  Dexter,  and  Nathan  Hale.  In  spite  of  the  forethought  and 
energy  which  these  gentlemen  carried  into  all  their  undertakings,  and  which 
at  a  later  period  contributed  largely  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  Bos- 
ton, the  new  enterprise  proved  very  unsuccessful ;  and,  before  the  end  of 
two  years,  some  of  the  stockholders  gave  away  their  shares,  rather  than 
become  liable  for  further  assessments. 

Shortly  afterward  the  manufacture  was  discontinued ;  but  it  was  soon 
resumed  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Henry  Robinson,  an  Englishman  by 
birth,  who  had  already  established  gas-works  in  Baltimore,  and  had  pro- 
posed to  introduce  the  manufacture  into  Philadelphia.  On  the  rejection  of 
his  proposals  by  the  city  government  of  Philadelphia,  he  came  to  Boston,  in 
1827;  and  in  the  following  year  a  small  lot  of  land,  on  what  is  now  known 
as  Hull  Street,  was  bought  for  the  erection  of  new  works.  This  purchase 
forms  the  nucleus  of  the  large  estate  at  the  North  End  gradually  acquired 
by  the  Gas  Company  during  fifty  years.  Mr.  Robinson's  experience  and 
business  capacity  produced  their  natural  results  :  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  company,  and  the  enterprise  began  to  prosper.  Since  that  time  the 
company -has  quietly  pursued  its  own  way,  enlarging  its  works  and  extend- 
ing its  pipes  as  the  use  of  gas  has  increased,  and  improving  the  processes 
of  manufacture  while  reducing  the  price  of  the  commodity.  From  the  first 
a  uniform  policy  has  been  pursued ;  and  whenever  it  has  become  reasonably 
certain  that  the  regular  dividends  could  be  maintained,  the  price  of  gas  has 
been  voluntarily  reduced.  In  no  other  Atlantic  city  has  gas  been  sold  lower 
than  it  has  been  in  Boston,  and  in  very  few  has  it  been  sold  so  low.  In 
1828,  when  the  affairs  of  the  company  were  first  put  on  a  commercial  basis, 
the  price  of  gas  was  fixed  at  $5.00  per  thousand  feet,  with  an  annual  meter- 
rent,  which  was  charged  in  many  places  down  to  a  very  recent  date.  Soon 
the  meter-rent  was  abolished,  and  by  successive  steps  the  price  of  gas  has 
been  reduced  to  $1.80.  Only  once  during  the  half-century  has  the  steady 
process  of  reducing  the  price  of  gas  been  interrupted.  Under  the  greatly 
increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials  of  all  kinds  during  and  immediately 
after  the  Rebellion,  with  the  heavy  tax  on  the  manufacture,  the  price  rose 
by  successive  stages,  from  $2.25  in  January,  1864,  to  $3.25  in  January,  1865. 


316  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

Through  its  whole  history,  the  managers  of  the  Gas  Company  have  been 
men  who  felt,  that,  while  they  furnished  one  of  the  prime  necessaries  of  life, 
they  were  responsible  to  the  community  for  the  proper  use  of  the  rights 
granted  them  by  their  charter ;  and  this  fact  has  been  recognized  by  suc- 
cessive city  governments,  and  by  the  great  body  of  gas-consumers.  Boston 
is  the  only  large  American  city  where  there  has  never  been  a  competing  gas- 
company.  Repeated  attempts  have  been  made  to  organize  competing  com- 
panies, for  the  most  part  by  speculators  from  other  cities.  But  so  satisfac- 
tory have  been  the  quality  and  price  of  the  gas  furnished  by  the  existing 
company,  that  these  adventurers  have  been  unable  to  gain  a  footing.  After 
looking  over  the  field,  and  finding  that  they  would  not  be  bought  off,  they 
have  abandoned  the  attempt.  Gas-consumers  have  reaped  the  benefit  in 
the  lower  price  at  which  gas  has  been  sold ;  for  the  Gas  Company  has  not 
been  obliged  to  pay  dividends  on  watered  stock,  or  on  the  consolidated  capi- 
tals of  companies  once  in  sharp  competition  but  afterward  united. 

In  1872  a  considerable  tract  of  land  was  purchased  at  Commercial  Point, 
with  the  view  of  constructing  a  new  station,  —  the  demand  for  gas  having 
reached  a  point  which  taxed  to  the  utmost  the  capacity  of  the  North  End 
works.  But  in  November  of  that  year  occurred  the  Great  Fire,  and  shortly 
afterward  came  the  financial  crisis  which  inflicted  so  heavy  a  blow  on  the 
prosperity  of  Boston.  The  Gas  Company  suffered  in  common  with  the  rest 
of  the  community,  and  the  sales  of  gas  fell  off  very  largely.  With  the 
revival  of  business  the  Gas  Company  shared  also  with  the  rest  of  the  com- 
munity. The  operations  at  Commercial  Point  were  resumed;  and  in  1882  a 
large  gas-holder  was  constructed,  and  connected  with  the  works  and  dis- 
tributing-pipes of  the  company.  In  the  early  part  of  1883  ground  was 
broken  there  for  the  erection  of  works  for  the  manufacture  of  gas,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  supply  from  the  North  End.  The  new  works  have  been  planned 
on  a  large  scale,  with  a  view  to  a  symmetrical  enlargement  from  time  to  time. 

Mr.  Robinson's  successors  as  president  were  the  late  Samuel  Atkins 
Eliot  and  the  late  John  Amory  Lowell,  names  never  to  be  mentioned  in 
Boston  without  respect  and  honor.  As  mayor  of  the  city,  Mr.  Eliot  left  a 
reputation  surpassed  by  none  and  equalled  by  few  of  his  successors  in  that 
office.  As  sole  trustee  of  the  Lowell  Lecture  Fund,  and  father  of  the  "Suf- 
folk-bank system,"  Mr.  Lowell  impressed  himself  on  the  community  to  an 
extent  which  few  other  men  have  done.  The  present  president  is  Mr. 
James  L.  Little.  The  treasurer  is  Mr.  William  W.  Greenough,  and  the 
secretary  is  Mr.  Charles  C.  Smith.  Both  Mr.  Greenough  and  Mr.  Smith 
have  been  officers  of  the  corporation  for  upward  of  thirty  years.  Mr. 
Charles  D.  Lamson  is  superintendent  at  the  works,  and  Mr.  M.  S.  Green- 
ough general  assistant.  The  capital  of  the  company  is  $2,500,000,  divided 
into  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $500  each. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


3*7 


Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  254  Washington  Street,  are  the  lineal  successors 
of  a  book-shop  kept  in  1784  by  E.  Battelle,  in  the  Marlborough  Street  of 
that  time.  In  1787  this  business  went  into  the  hands  of  Benjamin  Guild, 
who  called  it  the  Boston  Bookstore,  and  kept  it  for  a  while  at  59  Cornhill 
(now  Washington  Street),  and  afterwards  at  1  Cornhill,  on  the  south  corner 
of  Spring  Lane.  In  1792  Samuel  Cabot  became  the  proprietor,  and  con- 
tinued as  such  until  1797,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  P.  and  Lem- 
uel Blake,  who,  besides  keeping  a  good  stock  of  books  and  stationery,  pub- 
lished a  few  works,  and  kept  a  circulating  library.  They  sold  out  in  1806 
to  William  Andrews,  who  carried  on  the 
business  until  his  death  in  181 3.  Then 
Jacob  A.  Cummings,  a  schoolmaster,  and 
William  Hilliard,  a  printer,  and  proprietor 
of  the  Harvard  University  bookstore,  became 
the  purchasers.  In  1821  Timothy  H.  Carter 
was  admitted  as  partner;  and,  after  Cum- 
mings's  decease,  several  persons,  among 
them  Harrison  Gray,  Charles  C.  Little,  John 
H.  Wilkins,  Charles  Brown,  and  James 
Brown,  were  at  various  times  members  of 
the  firm,  the  style  of  which  was  consequently 
changed.  It  was  in  1825  Cummings,  Hil- 
liard, &  Co.,  and  in  1827  Hilliard,  Gray,  & 
Co.  In  1830  the  firm  sold  their  stand  and 
a  part  of  their  stock  to  William  Hyde,  and 
they  themselves  removed  to  Washington 
Street.  Here  they  greatly  increased  their 
transactions  in  the  publication  and  sale  of 
law-books  and  the  importation  of  foreign 
works.  In  1837  Charles  C.  Little  and  James 
Brown  became  the  sole  proprietors ;  and  in 
1846  Augustus  Flagg  was  admitted  as  partner,  and  the  present  firm  name 
was  adopted.  This,  therefore,  is  the  oldest  house  in  its  line  in  Boston.  For 
many  years  the  firm  have  been  the  leading  American  publishers  of  law- 
books; and  through  their  publication  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  works  of  Kent,  Greenleaf,  Story,  Parsons,  Washburn,  Wheaton,  and 
other  eminent  legal  authors,  they  are  well  known  to  lawyers  everywhere. 
They  publish  monthly  "  The  American  Law  Review ; "  and  a  considerable 
portion  of  their  shelves  is  devoted  to  standard  and  rare  works  in  American 
and  English  law.  In  general  literature  their  "publications  are  mainly  of  the 
solid  kind,  such  as  the  histories  of  Bancroft,  Palfrey,  Parkman,  and  Sparks; 
the   speeches  of  Adams,  Everett,  Quincy,  Webster,   and  Winthrop,  and 


Little,  Brown,  8c  Co.,  Washington  St. 


3i8  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

make  a  specialty  of  the  importation  of  English  books,  and  of  expensive 
works  in  art  and  science,  and  keep  a  remarkably  large  and  attractive  collec- 
tion of  books  in  elegant  bindings.  The  firm  now  consists  of  John  Bartlett, 
Thomas  W.  Deland,  John  Murray  Brown,  and  George  Flagg.  The  build- 
ing occupied  by  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  is  the  property  of  Harvard  University, 
the  coat-of-arms  of  which  appears  on  the  stone  front. 

The  Whittier  Machine  Company  was  incorporated  in  1874,  and  suc- 
ceeded to  the  business  of  Campbell,  Whittier,  &  Co.,  which  began  37  years 
ao-o.  The  works  cover  more  than  an  acre  of  ground,  fronting  on  Tremont 
Street,  and  extending  on  Culvert  Street  to  Hampshire  Street.  The  main, 
building  is  of  brick,  216  by  37  feet,  and  two  stories  high,  with  L  28  by  60. 
Off  from  the  main  building  is  the  blacksmith-shop,  55  by  33  feet;  and  in  an 
adjoining  room  is  a  25-horse-povver  engine,  with  a  50-horse-power  boiler, 
that  operates  the  machinery.  On  the  south  side  of  the  main  building  is  the 
boiler-shop,  100  by  67  feet,  containing  a  powerful  steam-riveter  and  other 
heavy  machinery.  At  the  easterly  end  of  the  yard  is  a  two-story  warehouse- 
building,  used  partly  for  stables.,  This  company  employs  250  or  more  per- 
sons, and  strives  to  secure  competent  and  trustworthy  mechanics,  to  train 
them  to  its  style  of  work,  and  then  to  give  them  constant  employment.  It 
is  a  principle  of  the  management,  to  discover  the  merit  of  each  workman, 
and  advance  him  to  the  position  which  his  merits  have  won.  Some  of  their 
employes  have  been  in  the  establishment  over  thirty  years.  The  company  is 
composed  of  six  persons,  each  owning  a  certain  portion  of  stock.  The  great 
specialties  of  the  Whittier  Machine  Company  are  steam-boilers  and  steam 
and  hydraulic  elevators.  The  whole  work  in  wood,  iron,  or  other  materials, 
necessary  to  build  and  put  up  elevators,  steam-engines,  and  boilers,  is  car- 
ried on  under  one  roof.  In  connection  with  their  specialties  they  own 
many  patents  covering  recent  and  valuable  improvements,  one  of  which 
allows  the  combination  of  a  double  screw  with  a  single  winding-drum,  with- 
out the  loss  of  any  of  the  safeguards  usual  to  similar  machinery.  Another 
improvement  is  the  lever  arrangement,  by  which  the  slackening  of  the 
hoisting-rope  from  any  cause  checks  the  motion  of  the  winding-drum,  and 
locks  the  elevator-car  until  the  rope  is  properly  adjusted.  Their  elevator- 
cars  are  used  by  thousands  of  people  every  day  in  all  parts  of  the  country; 
and  the  name  of  the  Whittier  Machine  Company  is  well  known  in  Boston, 
New  York,  and  other  large  cities.  Many  buildings,  noticed  in  this  book, 
have  the  Whittier  elevators.  Among  the  buildings  in  Boston  are  those  of 
the  United-States  Post-Office,  the  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company,  the 
Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association,  the  Hotel  Vendome,  the 
_  Hotel  Brunswick,  the  Parker  House,  the  Hotel  Boylston,  Adams  House  and 
Revere  House,  the  Hemenway  Building,  Young's  Hotel,  the  First  National 
Bank,  the  Merchants'  National  Bank,  and  the  Merchants'  Exchange.    In  New 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  3*9 

York,  Brown  Brothers  &  Co.,  bankers,  the  Orient  Insurance  Company,  and 
the  Stevens  Building,  all  on  Wall  Street,  use  the  Whittier  elevators;  and, 
they  are  found  in  the  '-Tribune"  and  the  Welles,  Duncan,  and  Bryant 
Buildings,  and  the  Metropolitan  Hotel.  They  are  also  used  in  the 
Arlington,  the  Riggs  House,  and  the  Portland,  Washington.  This  com- 
pany was  awarded  two  gold  medals  for  hydraulic  elevators,  a  gold  medal  for 
steam  elevators,  and  a  silver  medal  for  steam  boilers,  at  the  Mechanics'  Fair 
in  1S7S:  and  also  received  the  highest  award  at  the  Sydney  International 
Exhibition  at  New  South  Wales  in  1879.  The  works  are  numbered  1 1  76 
Tremont  Street.  The  president  is  Charles  Whittier,  who,  37  years  ago, 
became  connected  with  the  firm  of  Campbell,  Whittier,  &  Co.,  mentioned 
above:  and  the  treasurer  is  A.  C.  Whittier.  This  flourishing  business  attains 
greater  dimensions  every  year. 

Williams  and  Everett's  Fine-Art  Galleries.  —  This  firm  have  been  so 
long  engaged  in  business,  that  their  store  is  famous;  and  no  one  can  say 
that  he  has  seen  Boston  till  he  has  been  in  iheir  print-shop  and  picture- 
gallery.  The  business  was  established  in  1S10,  when  John  Doggett  and 
S.  S.  Williams  opened  a  store  in  Cornhill.  Since  that  time  there  have  been 
only  four  changes  in  location,  and  but  four  changes  in  organization.  The 
present  style  of  the  firm  was  adopted  in  1853,  and  the  store  now  occupied 
built  in  1873.  Long  known  as  the  pioneer  art-store  of  Boston,  their  rooms 
have  introduced  to  the  public  the  works  of  William  M.  Hunt.  Dr.  William 
Rimmer,  R.  H.  Fuller,  G.  S.  Healy,  Thomas  Hinckley,  Mrs.  Darrah,  and 
other  well-known  artists.  Here,  too,  French  pictures  were  first  offered  to 
Boston  buyers.  As  interest  in  art  has  increased,  the  firm  have  extended  their 
facilities,  and  have  now  direct  relations  with  many  prominent  European  artists, 
and  with  leading  European  dealers  and  experts.  Their  stock  is  the  largest  in 
New  England,  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country.  In  the  gallery,  regarded 
as  the  best  in  Boston,  reached  by  a  grand  staircase  at  the  rear  of  the  store, 
and  open  freely  to  visitors,  are  to  be  seen  some  of  the  finest  pictures  of  our 
time,  both  American  and  foreign:  and  in  the  ante-rooms,  connected  with 
the  gallery,  may  always  be  found  choice  and  desirable  works.  In  the  store 
are  departments  for  engravings,  water-colors,  and  photographs.  If  you 
want  a  fine  engraving,  a  rare  proof,  a  unique  etching,  a  carbon  reproduction 
of  a  favorite  picture  by  one  of  the  old  masters,  or  a  representative  work  of  the 
modern  schools,  if  you  desire  instructive  photographs  of  ancient  sculpture  or 
classic  ruin,  you  are  sure  to  find  them  in  the  ample  folios  of  this  establishment. 
Frames  and  pictures  are  so  closely  connected,  that  the  firm  have  always  made 
a  specialty  of  picture,  portrait,  and  mirror  frames.  For  this  work  they  occupy 
the  entire  upper  floors  of  their  building,  and  employ  from  thirty  to  fifty  skilful 
workmen.  Artistic  styles  and  thorough  workmanship  have  given  them  pre- 
eminence, and  secured  them  customers  all  over  the  country.     Artists  realize 


;20 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


the   importance  of  appropriate  frames  for   pictures;    and   many   prominent 

painters,  from 
Gilbert  Stuart 
and  Washington 
Allston  of  early 
days  to  William 
M.Hunt,George 
Fuller,  and 
others  of  later 
date,  have  been 
quite  content  to 
trust  this  matter 
to  the  taste  and 
judgment  of  this 
house.  The 
buildings  of 
VV  i  1 1  i  a  m  s  8: 
Everett  have 
their  main  front 
on  Washington 
Street,  No.  508, 
while  the  L-front 
is  at  5  Bedford 
Street.  The  il- 
lustration gives 
a  view  of  the 
lower  store  with 
the  staircase 
leading    to    the 

Williams  &  Everett,  508  Washington  Street.  galler)"'  which  is 

continually  visit 
ed  by  the  best  people  of  Boston. 

Fairbanks,  Brown,  &  Co.  represent  E.  &  T.  Fairbanks  &  Company  of 
St.  Johnsbury,  Vt  .  the  world-famous  scale-makers.  The  business  of  the 
Fairbanks  began  in  1S25.  and  now  gives  employment  to  about  1,000  men. 
The  workshops  at  St.  Johnsbury  are  solidly  built  of  brick,  and  have  a  floor- 
area  of  Si  acres.  The  corporation  owns  93  tenement-houses,  a  saw-mill. 
and  6.000  acres  of  timber-land,  all  connected  with  the  works;  4,000  tons  of 
coal,  8,000  tons  of  iron,  and  2.000.000  feet  of  lumber  are  yearly  consumed. 
The  annual  product  of  this  factory,  last  year,  was  83,000  scales  of  even- 
style,  size,  and  value.  The  quality  of  these  scales  is  unequalled  by  those 
of  any  other  maker  in  the  world.  The  corporation  has  twenty-eight  busi- 
ness depots  in  this  country,  a  lan*e  establishment  in  London,  and  branches 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


32' 


u 


was1. 

fir    : 

',        ',,'7' 


Utile 
Iffi 

sill 


FAIRBANKS,    BROWN,    &    CO.    MILK    AND    CONGRESS    STREETS 


32  2  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

all  over  the  world.  In  1S77  a  large  five-story  warehouse  was  erected  for 
the  Boston  branch  at  S3  .Milk  Street,  fronting  Post-Office  Square.  The 
fronts,  27  feet  on  Milk  Street  and  95  feet  on  Congress  Street,  are  of  light 
Ohio  sandstone.  The  building  in  appearance  is  characteristic  of  the  solid 
concern  that  occupies  it:  and  the  architect,  Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee,  fully  con- 
siderin"-  the  needs  of  the  business,  adapted  the  building  to  them.  It  is  in 
one  of  the  very  best  locations,  and  is  surrounded  by  the  new  Post-Office  and 
the  buildings  of  the  New-England  Life,  the  .Mutual  Life,  and  the  Equitable 
Life  Insurance  Companies  described  heretofore.  The  lower  floors  contain 
a  beautiful  display  of  Fairbanks  scales,  and  also  type-writers,  money-drawers, 
coffee-mills,  store-trucks,  and  other  articles  of  useful  store  equipments. 

Hook  &  Hastings'  large  church-organ  establishment,  on  Tremont  Street, 
is  especially  worthy  of  mention.  Established  in  1S27  by  Elias  and  George 
G.  Hook,  who  began  in  a  small  shop  on  Friend  Street,  afterward  moving  to 
one  on  Leverett  Street,  their  business  has  since  increased  until  the  capacity 
and  production  of  their  present  factory  are  greater  than  that  of  any  other  in 
the  world.  Both  of  its  founders  being  dead,  the  principal  of  the  house  is 
now  F.  H.  Hastings,  who  for  nearly  thirty  years  has  been  engaged  in  the 
business  with  them,  and  for  fifteen  years  or  more  has  been  the  active  part- 
ner. Messrs.  Hook  &  Hastings  have  furnished  ninety-seven  church-organs 
in  the  city  of  Boston  alone  :  and  their  instruments  are  found  in  every  part 
of  the  country,  and  have  a  world-wide  reputation.  The  largest  and  smallest 
organs,  for  cathedrals,  churches,  halls,  or  parlors,  are  built  by  them  ;  alike  in 
mechanical  excellence  and  in  that  purity  and  richness  of  tone  which  charac- 
terize all  their  instruments.  During  the  fifty-six  years  in  which  they  have 
been  engaged  in  business,  they  have  completed  nearly  twelve  hundred  in- 
struments, among  which  are  the  most  noted  and  the  largest  organs  on  this 
continent.  The  magnificent  organ  in  the  Music  Hall  at  Cincinnati,  O., 
built  in  1S78,  is  the  largest  in  America.  It  stands  unrivalled  in  purity  and 
power,  perfection  of  mechanism,  and  general  excellence.  This  instrument 
has  four  manuals,  ninety-six  stops,  twelve  pedal  movements,  —  including  a 
grand  crescendo  pedal  which  controls  every  stop  in  the  organ,  —  and  6.237 
pipes.  The  large  four-manual  organ  in  the  Church  of  St.  Francis  Xavier, 
New-York  City,  built  by  them  in  1881,  is  unequalled  by  any  church-organ  in 
the  country.  The  factory,  at  1131  Tremont  Street,  is  two  hundred  feet  long, 
and  contains  two  finishing-halls,  beside  many  large  work  rooms,  fitted  with 
all  available  machinerv,  and  every  convenience  for  manufacturing  and  test- 
ing instruments  of  the  largest  size:  as  well  as  large  storehouses  in  which 
lumber,  obtained  from  all  parts  of  the  continent,  is  dried  and  stored.  Their 
large  business  enables  them  to  systematize  their  work  under  the  direction 
of  various  experts,  each  proficient  in  his  own  department;  thus  securing  the 
most  perfect  result  and  the  greatest  economy.     Possessing  and  applying  all 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


323 


important  improvements,  their  relations  with  eminent  European  builders, 
the  employment  of  experts  trained  in  their  factories,  the  ingenuity  and  skill 
of  our  American  workmen,  combined  with  their  constant  endeavor  to  ad- 
vance the  standard  of  their  work,  have  enabled  these  builders  to  attain  the 
highest  position  in  their  art.  Their  factory  is  a  constant  source  of  pleasure 
and  instruction  to  musical  strangers  visiting  our  city,  who  are  at  all  times 
cordially  welcomed :  and  to  see  the  work  in  its  various  stages  toward  the 
completion  of  either  a  small  organ  for  some  gentleman's  parlor,  or  a  large 
one  for  some  church,  many  of  which  are  always  to  be  seen,  well  repays  a 
visit  to  this  old  establishment. 

Henry  H.  Tuttle  &  Co.,  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Winter  Streets, 
have  the  handsomest  and  best-stocked  shoe-store  in  America,  with  a  very 


Henry  H,  Tuttle  &  Co.'s  Shoe-store. 


extensive  patronage,  and  a  reputation  which  extends  far  beyond  the  narrow 
bounds  of  New  England.  The  basement  is  used  as  a  wareroom ;  and  the 
main  floor,  L-shaped,  is  divided  into  two  parts,  one  of  which  is  for  ladies, 
misses,  and  children,  and  the  other  for  men  and  boys. 

The  stock  kept  in  this  spacious   store   is  remarkable  for  its  size  and 


324 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


variety,  and  includes  boots  and  shoes  from  the  leading  American  and  Euro- 
pean makers,  ranging  from  the  finest  imported  French-calf  boot  to  the 
plainest  domestic  overshoe,  and  from  the  heavy  cavalry  boot  to  the  tiny  ball- 
room slipper.  Here  are  the  best  and  most  durable  products  of  the  New- 
England  manufactories,  the  famous  London  shoes  of  Waukenphast  &  Co., 
the  fine  products  of  Henry  Herth,  3  Rue  Halevy,  Paris,  and  the  celebrated 
lawn-tennis  and  boating  shoes  of  William  Hickson  &  Son.  The  prices  of 
these  goods  are  as  low  as  are  at  all  consistent  with  durable  materials  and 
honest  workmanship ;  and  the  varieties  of  shoes  range  through  all  grades, 
and  include  all  the  new  styles  of  each  season.  Every  article  sold  is  guar- 
anteed, and  great  care  is  taken  to  secure  satisfactory  fits.  The  patience  and 
courtesy  of  the  salesmen  are  very  noteworthy,  and  help  to  keep  up  the  ex- 
tensive patronage  of  the  famous  old  "  family  shoe-store  "  of  Boston,  where 
for  many  years  the  best  people  of  the  Puritan  city  have  come  to  get  fitted  to 
comfortable  and  handsome  boots.  This  firm  was  founded  in  the  year  1861, 
by  Messrs.  Henry  H.  Tuttle  and  Benjamin  F.  Redfern,  who  still  control 
the  business. 

The  Nonotuck  Silk  Company  of  Florence,  Mass.,  although  its  works 
are  about  100  miles  away,  can  be  classed  among  the  Boston  firms.  The 
products  of  .the  company,  consisting  of  black  and  colored  machine-twist, 
button-hole  twist,  and  embroidery  and  sewing  silk,  are  kept  and  handled  in 
very  large  quantities  in  Boston.  The  warerooms  at  No.  18  Summer  Street, 
in  the  four-story  sandstone-front  building,  are  extensively  and  admirably 
fitted  up.  The  business  of  the  Nonotuck  Company,  established  forty-five 
years  ago,  has  a  remarkable  history.  It  was  the  first  company  in  the  world 
to  manufacture  machine-twist.  Its  works  at  Florence  and  Leeds  have  a 
floor  surface  of  100,000  square  feet,  give  employment  to  about  800  opera- 
tives, and  consume  more  than  200,000  pounds  of  raw  silk  each  year.  The 
aggregate  length  of  finished  silk  from  their  works  exceeds  3,000  miles  adav, 
or  enough  to  encircle  the  globe  once  a  week.  The  Nonotuck  silk  and  twist 
are  sold  under  the  trade-mark  names  of  "  Nonotuck"  (the  early  Indian  word 
for  Northampton)  and  "  Corticelli."  A  great  specialty  is  made  of  knitting- 
silk,  and  silk  underwear,  hosiery,  and  mittens,  etc. ;  and  the  company's  brand 
of  "  Florence  Knitting  Silk "  has  already  become  famous.  The  various 
manufactures  of  this  company  received  medals  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  and 
at  Paris  in  1878,  besides  many  first  premiums  at  state  and  county  fairs 
and  industrial  exhibitions.  The  agency  for  the  New-England  States  is 
under  the  charge  of  George  D.  Atkins,  who  has  been  connected  with  the 
Nonotuck  Company  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  while  the  business  has 
grown  from  small  beginnings  to  vast  dimensions  and  a  well-deserved  fame, 
all  over  the  Republic. 


AVA'G'S   HAXnfiOOK   OF  BOSTOA'. 


325 


The  Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Company  was  incorporated  in  1S53,  and  in- 
cluded many  of  the  pioneers  in  the  rubber-manufacturing  industry,  and  sev- 
eral large  and  influential  capitalists.  It  now  has  a  capital  of  >  i.000,000,  and 
ranks  among  the  most  powerful  of  the  great  New-England  corporations, 
with  bright  prospects  and  large  resources.  The  president  of  the  company 
is  J.  W.  Converse  of  Boston  ;  the  treasurer  and  general  agent,  E.  S.  Con- 
verse of  .Maiden;  and  the  superintendent  of  factories,  E.  F.  Bickford.  The 
Boston  office  is  at  Nos.  193  and  195  Congress  Street. 

The  main  factory,  at  Maiden,  is  a  great  group  of  brick  structures,  three 
and  four  stories  high,  built  around  a  quadrangle,  with   over  seven  acres  of 


■ 


. 


'  ■  f    if 


Tj 


*r¥f S?H    s 


I  ■■  ■  :\  -- 


'■■■-.  '  ■..-.  ■      ^  ■ 

Boston   Rubbe'-Sho^  Company  s  WorUs  at   Maiden. 

flooring,  and  ample  accommodations  for  the  1,500  operatives.  On  the 
first  floor  is  the  grinding,  cracking,  and  calendering  machinery  ;  on  the  sec- 
ond floor  are  the  vulcanizing  and  packing  departments;  the  third  floor  is 
used  for  making  shoes  and  arctics;  and  the  fourth  floor  is  for  making  boots. 
The  building  contains  21  boilers,  and  three  large  engines  of  1,400  horse- 
power, and  has  a  capacity  for  turning  out  more  than  20.000  pairs  of  boots 
and  shoes  daily. 

The  factory  at  Melrose  is  about  one  and  one-halt  miles  from  the  one  in 
Maiden,  and  is  considered  the  finest  factory  of  the  kind  in  the  world.  It 
contains  about  rive  acres  of  flooring.  The  workroom  for  the  female  opera- 
tives is  263  feet  long  and  ioo  feet  wide,  and  is  lighted  on  the  sides,  also  on 
top,  by  monitor  windows.     This  factors  employs  about  1,000  operatives,  and 


326 


AVNG'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON, 


has  facilities  for  making  12,000  pairs  of  boots  and  shoes  daily.  There  are 
1  1  large  boilers  and  two  engines,  with  an  aggregate  of  over  one  thousand 
horse-power. 

The  cut  on  this  page  shows  that  the  new  building  at  Melrose  is  artistic 
in  design,  well  lighted  and  ventilated;  and,  by  all  who  have  seen  it,  it  is  con- 
sidered a  model  factory.  Both  factories  have  spur-tracks  running  from  the 
Boston  and  iMaine  Railroad  into  their  yards. 

The  Boston  Rubber-Shoe  Company  have  great  advantages  in  possessing 
two  such  large  factories;  as,  in  case  of  fire  or  accident  to  one,  they  can  rely 
upon  the  other  for  filling  their  orders,  without  suffering  any  delay  or  incom 
moding  their  patrons. 

This  vast  manufacturing  establishment  is  fitted  up  with  all  manner  of 


&&'.*-.- 


'  -if  iilsK^?^^ 


iy-  .     j 


urn 


as™ 


*<& 


.' " '  -. 


%.^^^- 


.-. 


Boston   Rubber-Shoe  Company's  Works  at  Melrose. 

ingenious,  powerful,  and  complicated  machinery,  to  carry  on  the  great  in- 
dustry for  which  it  has  been  raised.  It  confines  itself  exclusively  to  rubber 
boots  and  shoes ;  the  total  daily  capacity  of  the  Maiden  and  Melrose  mills 
being  over  30,000  pairs,  consisting  of  several  hundred  varieties,  styles,  and 
widths,  and  has  facilities  for  producing  a  greater  quantity  of  goods  than  any 
other  company  in  the  world.  It  may  be  interesting  to  our  readers  to  know 
that  the  first  rubber  shoes  in  Boston  were  brought  from  Para,  Brazil,  in  1825, 
by  a  sailor,  as  a  curiosity.  He  sold  them  to  Thomas  C.  Wales,  who  was  at 
that  time  in  the  retail  shoe  business;  and  they  were  regarded  with  great  in- 
terest by  hundreds  of  visitors.  The  first  rubber-boots  made  in  Boston  were 
of  a  very  primitive  character,  and  wholly  different  from  the  present  products. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


326" 


The  Revere  Rubber  Company,  of  Boston,  whose  works  are  situated  at 
Chelsea,  is  one  of  the  leading  rubber-companies  in  New  England;  having 
a  few  years  ago  succeeded  to  the  long-established  business  of  the  Boston 
Elastic  Fabric  Company.  Its  officers  and  directors  are  men  well  identified 
with  the  rubber  industry,  and  include  E.  S.  Converse,  of  Boston  Rubber 
Shoe  Company  ;  H.  L.  Hotchkiss,  of  the  L.  Candee  Company,  New  Haven ; 
Joseph  Banigan,  of  Woonsocket  Rubber  Company ;  George  A.  Alden, 
H.  M.  Rogers,  H.  C.  Morse,  and  F.  W.  Pitcher,  of  Boston. 

The  President  is  Joseph  Banigan,  and  the  Treasurer  is  F.  W.  Pitcher. 
The  Superintendent  is  James  Leigh,  whose  experience  began  with  the  be- 


J^^fe^^^s^^^^^pfi^^^s^ 


~Zv/&* 


ginning  of  the  rubber  trade;  his. name  standing  with  the  first  among  the 
most  progressive  workers  in  this  material  as  a  maker  of  first-class  goods. 
The  factory  comprises  a  group  of  twenty-five  buildings,  well  equipped  with 
the  most  approved  machinery.  The  grounds  include  16  acres,  on  the  line 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  Employment  is  given  to  600  persons  ;  and  some 
idea  of  the  capacity  of  the  establishment  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that 
it  contains  over  600  horse-power.  The  manufactures  consist  of  every  variety 
of  rubber  goods  used  for  mechanical  purposes;  the  company's  specialties 
being  giant  belting,  rubber-covered  iron  rods,  rubber  blankets,  steam  hose, 
steam  packing,  railway  belts,  Eden  garden-hose,  rubber  thread,  elastic  webs 
and  suspenders,  and- a  vast  number  of  other  rubber  goods. 

The  main  salesrooms  are  at  No.  173  Devonshire  Street,  Boston.    Branch 
salesrooms  in  New  York,  No.  57  Reade  Street  and  No.  112  Duane  Street 
and  in  Philadelphia,  No.  226  Market  Street. 


326 h  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

The  Forbes  Lithograph  Manufacturing  Company  is  the  most  complete 
and  extensive  establishment  of  its  kind  in  this  country.  It  was  started 
many  years  ago  by  the  present  treasurer,  and  active  head  of  the  entire 
establishment,  William  H.  Forbes;  and  in  1875  'twas  incorporated  under 
its  present  name.  The  main  department  occupies  the  large  and  beautiful 
marble  buildings  fronting  on  Devonshire,  Franklin,  and.  Arch  Streets,  with 
the  entrance  to  the  offices  and  specimen-rooms  at  181  Devonshire  Street. 
The  other  departments  are  carried  on  in  a  large  four-story  stone  building  in 
the  Roxbury  district.  The  various  departments  embrace  printing  by  all 
known  methods,  including  lithography  in  all  its  branches,  from  the  ordinary 
label  to  fine  chromo  work,  in  one  or  many  colors ;  embossing ;  type  and 
block  printing  of  every  class ;  plate-printing ;  photography ;  photo-lith- 
ographs ;  and  the  Albertype  process,  by  which  engravings,  photographs, 
drawings,  etc.,  are  reproduced,  in  facsimile,  with  great  delicacy  and  finish. 
The  company  give  steady  work  to  upwards  of  600  hands;  employ  a  corps 
of  60  designers,  engravers,  and  lithograph  artists,  —  a  number  far  in  excess 
of  that  of  any  other  concern  in  the  business  ;  run  70  presses,  and  print  on 
at  least  five  tons  of  paper  daily.  The  services  of  eight  stone-grinders,  using 
improved  machinery,  are  required  to  grind  and  polish  the  lithograph-stones 
used,  of  which  the  company  have  nearly  200  tons.  They  manufacture  largely, 
for  the  English  and  German  trade,  in  addition  to  their  domestic  orders,  which 
are  more  uniformly  from  large  corporations  than  those  of  any  house  in  the 
printing  line.  This  company  does  a  large  share  of  the  theatrical  printing 
of  all  grades  ;  and  in  making  labels,  few  houses  rival  this  one  in  the  extent, 
variety,  and  beauty  of  its  work.  With  branch-houses  in  New  York  and 
Chicago,  and  an  agent  in  London,  this  company  have  a  large  field  to  supply. 
The  accompanying  illustration  of  the  Forbes  Lithographing  Establishment, 
and  also  that  of  the  New-England  Mutual  Life-insurance  Company  Build- 
ing, are  specimens  of  one  class  of  work  done  by  the  Albertype  process 
mentioned  above.  They  are  photographs  made  with  printers'  ink,  and  are 
therefore  as  imperishable  as  ordinary  prints.  One  invaluable  result  accom- 
plished by  the  Albertype  process  is  the  perfect  reproduction  of  the  chief 
line-engravings  of  all  famous  artists  ;  the  reproductions,  practically  equal  to 
the  originals,  being  sold  at  only  a  dollar  each.  The  company  also,  by  its 
own  processes,  makes  photo-engravings, — a  substitute  for  wood-engraving, 
at  half  its  cost,  —  for  illustrating  books,  pamphlets,  catalogues,  etc.  It  has 
also  the  American  agency  for  several  great  foreign  houses,  such  as  Raphael 
Tuck  &  Sons  of  London,  whose  holiday  and  birthday  cards  and  art-special- 
ties stand  second  to  none  of  their  class ;  and  Max  Cremnitz  of  Paris,  whose 
highly  finished  and  elaborately  executed  glazed  tin  signs,  for  business 
advertising,  are  the  choicest  of  the  kind.  The  company's  officers  are 
William  P.  Hunt,  president,  and  William  H.  Forbes,  treasurer. 


Albertype—  Forbes  Co.,  Boston 


FORBES   LITHOGRAPH   MANUFACTURING  CO., 
Franklin  and  Devonshire  Streets,  Boston. 


KING  'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


327 


Hogg,  Brown,  &  Taylor  occupy  the  large  granite  building  on  the  north- 
west corner  of  Washington  Street  and  Temple  Place,  including  Nos.  477  to 
481  Washington  Street,  and  Nos.  60  to  70  Temple  Place.  The  building  is 
100  by  84  feet.  It  has  on  its  four  floors  and  basement  a  floor  surface  of 
about  an  acre.  It  was  built  in  1863-64,  expressly  for  this  firm.  Its  plain 
and  substantial-looking  exterior  is  an  indication  of  the  reliable  and  stanch 
firm  that  own  and  occupy  the  whole  building.  In  1857  John  Hogg,  George 
B.  Brown,  and  John  Taylor,  under  the  firm  name  of  Hogg,  Brown,  &  Taylor, 
which  has  ever  since  remained  unchanged,  succeeded  to  the  business  of 
Kinmonth  &  Co.,  who  at  that  time  were  everywhere  known  as  one  of  the 
foremost  dry-goods  houses  in  New  England.  The  present  firm  have  not 
only  maintained  the  reputation  of  their  predecessors,  but  have  constantly 


Hogg,   Brown,  &  Taylor,   Corner  of  Washington  Street  and  Temple  Place. 

advanced ;  and  to-day  they  are  known  as  one  of  the  largest  and  best  houses 
in  the  dry-goods  trade  in  this  country.  They  are  wholesale  and  retail  dealers, 
as  well  as  extensive  importers,  of  dry  goods  and  all  articles  usually  found 
in  the  largest  dry-goods  establishments.  A  characteristic  feature  of  this 
firm  is  its  quiet  way  of  transacting  its  business.  Hardly  ever  is  its  adver- 
tisement seen;  and  yet  the  spacious  quarters  are  crowded  at  all  hours  of 
the  day,  for  the  ladies  of  Boston  and  its  vicinity  know  that  they  can  always 
rely  on  Hogg,  Brown,  &  Taylor  for  the  best  and  most  fashionable  goods  at 
equitable  prices.  In  the  building  there  are  about  200  employes;  and,  be- 
sides these,  many  persons  are  employed  elsewhere  for  making  ladies'  wear. 
The  death  of  Mr.  Taylor  in  April,  1875,  and  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Brown  in 
the  following  July,  leaves  the  present  firm  consisting  of  John  Hogg,  Henry 
R.  Beal,  Albert  H.  Higgins,  and  Alexander  Henderson. 


328  KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 

L.  Prang  &  Co.,  Chromo-Lithographers  and  Educational  Publishers.  — 

The  development  of  the  art  of  chromo-lithography  in  America  is  chiefly 
due  to  Louis  Prang,  who  was  born  in  Breslau,  Prussia,  March  12,  1824,  and, 
after  receiving  a  thorough  art  education  at  the  hands  of  his  father  and 
others,  came  to  this  country  as  a  penniless  German  political  refugee,  in 
April,  1850.  His  fortunes  in  the  United  States  were  more  varied  than  suc- 
cessful until,  in  1856,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  a  lithographic  printer,and 
opened  an  office  at  17  Doane  Street,  in  this  city.  Mr.  Prang  by  dint  of  hard 
work  had  survived  all  his  vicissitudes,  and  brought  to  the  new  firm  two  or 
three  hundred  dollars,  which  was  all  the  capital  they  had  to  start  with. 
Their  specialty  was  color-work,  Mr.  Prang  polishing  the  stones,  and  mak- 
ing the  drawing,  while  his  partner  did  the  printing;  and  with  one  press  and 
a  few  stones  by  way  of  "  plant,"  they  executed  their  first  order,  a  bouquet  of 
roses  in  four  colors  for  a  ladies'  magazine,  now  of  interest  to  lithographers 
as  one  of  the  first  crayon-transfers  ever  made.  During  the  first  years  of  his 
business,  Mr.  Prang  had  a  hard  struggle,  and  was  compelled  to  try  his  hand 
at  every  detail  of  the  work.  He  learned  each  branch  gradually,  and  became 
more  and  more  the  master  of  the  situation.  In  i860  he  bought  out  his 
partner,  and  adopted  the  now  famous  title  of  L.  Prang  &  Co. ;  but  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war  almost  ruined  the  business  he  had  laboriously  built 
up.  He  tided  over  this  period  by  publishing  war-maps,  portraits  of  generals, 
and  numerous  pictures  which  the  times  demanded.  All  this  while  he  had 
but  one  end  in  view,  —  the  production  of  chromo-lithographs  which  conveyed 
to  the  eye  the  beauty  and  character  of  the  original  painting.  He  returned 
to  Europe  in  1864,  and  looked  over  the  whole  lithographic  field.  The  next 
year  the  Bricher  landscapes  were  issued,  soon  to  be  followed  by  Eastman 
Johnson's  "Barefoot  Boy,"  and  the  fame  of  Louis  Prang  as  the  leader  in 
popular  art  education  was  assured.  The  business  had  grown  to  such  di- 
mensions by  1867,  that  a  manufactory  was  erected  in  the  Roxbury  district 
at  .286  Roxbury  Street,  134  feet  by  34,  and  four  stories  high,  capable  of 
employing  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons,  which  in  1881  was  enlarged  to 
twice  its  original  size,  and  now  furnishes  room  for  three  hundred  and  fifty 
employes.  The  business  has  grown  beyond  precedent,  especially  in  Christ- 
mas, Easter,  and  anniversary  cards,  and  has  extended  to  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Branch  houses  are  now  established  in  New  York,  Philadelphia. 
Chicago,  and  San  Francisco;  and  agents  are  located  in  London.  Berlin,  and 
Melbourne,  while  travelling  agents  are  employed  on  the  east  and  west  coasts 
of  South  America.  Americans  have  frequently  sent  abroad  for  "the  finest 
specimens  of  lithography  in  Europe,"  only  to  receive  in  return  pictures 
which  they  could  have  bought  for  less  money  of  the  original  manufacturers 
in  Boston.  L.  Prang  &  Co.  rank  at  this  time  second  to  none  in  the  develop- 
ment of  popular  art  in  America. 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOS  J  ON. 


329 


330 


AYJVG'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


James  R.  Osgood  &  Co.  —  On  Tremont  Street,  one  square  south  of  the 
Common,  adjoining  the  Hotel  Pelham,  and  running  back  to  the  grounds  of 
the  Public  Library,  is  the  handsome  white  granite  building  which  is  wholly 
occupied  by  James  R.  Osgood  &  Co.,  publishers,  and  by  the  Heliotype 
Printing  Company.  The  best  traditions  of  the  book-trade  of  Boston  centre 
about  this  firm  of  publishers,  whose  senior  member  was  a  partner  in  the 
illustrious  houses  of  Ticknor  &  Fields  and  P'ields,  Osgood,  &  Co.  In  1S71 
he  founded  the  house  of  James  R.  Osgood  &  Co.  Two  of  the  members  of 
the  present  copartnership  are  sons  of  William  U.  Ticknor,  who  in  1832 
founded  the  house  of  Ticknor  &  Fields,  famous  as  the  publishers  of  the 
works  of  Longfellow,  Whittier,  Lowell,  Holmes,  Hawthorne,  Emerson, 
Thoreau,  Mrs.  Stowe.  and  of  other  leaders  in  American  literature,  and  also 
of  many  editions  of  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Scott,  Tennyson,  George  Eliot, 
and  other  noted  British  authors. 

A  part  of  the  ground-floor  of  Osgood  &  Co.'s  building  is  used  for  pack- 
ing and  shipping  the  hundreds  of  cases  and  bundles  of  books  that  are  daily 
sent  to  all  parts  of  America.  Another  part  is  devoted  to  the  Heliotype 
Art  Gallery,  the  walls  of  which  are  covered  with  exquisite  reproductions  of 
costly  engravings  and  paintings,  representing  the  masters  of  ancient  and 
modern  art.  These  heliotype  reproductions  comprise  upwards  of  300  sub- 
jects :  they  are  not  only  exquisite,  but  they  are  sold  at  a  price  which  places 
them  within  the  reach  of  every  one.  Many  visitors  pass  profitable  hours  in 
examining  these  pictures  in  great  portfolios  and  in  neat  frames. 

The  first  floor  above  the  street  is  occupied  partly  by  the  main  offices  and 
authors'  room  of  Osgood  &  Co.,  and  partly  by  the  offices  of  "  The  American 
Architect,"  an  illustrated  weekly  paper,  and  of  the  Heliotype  Printing  Com- 
pany; the  latter  also  occupying  the  upper  floors  of  the  building. 

The  authors'  room  is  a  comfortably  furnished  reading-room.  It  is 
equipped  with  racks  and  cabinets  wherein  the  chief  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines of  New  York  and  New  England,  and  the  great  London  reviews  and 
quarterlies,  are  kept  on  file.  Its  walls  arc  adorned  with  portraits  of  many 
famous  American  and  British  authors,  framed  in  connection  with  autograph 
letters  and  poems  of  great  value.  There  arc  tables  for  writing,  and  other 
conveniences;  and  here  may  be  seen,  at  times,  some  of  the  best-known 
authors  of  to-day. 

The  great  "Memorial  History  of  Boston."  combining  the  work  of  seventy 
distinguished  specialists  in  four  beautiful  octavo  volumes,  with  many  hun- 
dred illustrations,  is  one  of  Osgood  &  Co.'s  publications.  Its  success  has  so 
clearly  demonstrated  the  wisdom  of  the  co-operative  plan  of  writing  history, 
that  the  firm  have  begun  a  larger  work  of  similar  character,  entitled  "A 
Narrative  and  Critical  History  of  America."  The  Osgood  series  of  Amer- 
ican guide-books  were  lately  characterized  by  "  The  New-York  Tribune  "  as 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  331 

>». 
"  much  the  best  we  have  ever  had  in  this  country."  The  illustrated  gift- 
books  of  this  firm  include  many  handsome  art-works,  embellished  with 
heliotypes,  and  also  holiday  editions  of  famous  poems,  with  numerous 
wood-cuts  from  drawings  by  celebrated  artists.  William  D.  Howells  is  so 
connected  with  this  house  that  it  has  the  benefit  of  his  taste,  judgment,  and 
experience,  and  also  publishes  his  latest  and  choicest  works.  "The  Round- 
Robin  Series  "  of  anonymous  novels  is  a  successful  venture ;  and  its  suc- 
cessive issues  gain  increasing  approbation. 

D.  Lothrop  &  Co.,  one  of  the  foremost  publishing  houses  of  America, 
occupy  the  spacious  and  commodious  building  on  the  corner  of  Franklin 
and  Hawley  Streets,  in  the  centre  of  the  great  book-quarter  of  Boston,  and 
in  close  proximity  to  Washington  Street  and  the  great  movement  of  daily 
life  along  the  main  artery  of  the  city.  The  founder  of  this  famous  house  is 
Daniel  Lothrop,  who  was  born  at  Rochester,  N.H.,  in  1831,  of  the  best  Puri- 
tan lineage,  being  a  descendant  of  John  Alden  and  his  wife  Priscilla. 

After  receiving  a  good  academy  education  in  his  native  State,  and  estab- 
lishing several  successful  business  enterprises  there,  still  caring  for  these 
Eastern  interests,  including  his  celebrated  book-store  at  Dover,  N.H.,  long 
considered  one  of  the  finest  in  New  England,  he  went  out  into  the  Minne- 
sota Valley,  where  he  took  a  prominent  part. in  the  upbuilding  of  the  infant 
town  of  St.  Peter;  establishing  a  permanent  business  there,  which  he  left  in 
the  hands  of  a  faithful  clerk  to  whom  he  gave  an  interest  in  his  Western 
business.  In  1868  he  leased  the  stores  38  and  40  Cornhill,  Boston,  where 
he  founded  his  publishing  business,  for  which  he  had  been  many  years  pre- 
paring; and  this  enterprise  met  with  such  notable  success  that  eight  years 
later  he  was  obliged  to  seek  more  spacious  quarters  in  the  building  owned 
by  Harvard  College,  on  Franklin  Street,  and  which  he  still  continues  to 
occupy.  The  first  floor,  120  by  40  feet  in  area,  is  one  of  the  finest  book- 
salesrooms  in  the  country. 

On  the  second  floor  are  the  private  offices  of  Mr.  Lothrop,  with,  the  edi- 
torial office  of  "  Wide  Awake,"  etc.  The  third  floor  is  occupied  by  the  com- 
posing-rooms and  the  mailing-rooms  of  the  various  periodicals,  and  the 
fourth  floor  contains  the  bindery.  The  building  can  accommodate  only  one- 
fourth  of  the  immense  work  done  by  the  house,  which  has  to  be  provided  for 
elsewhere.  The  entire  business  is  in  the  most  flourishing  condition,  and 
yearly  assumes  greater  proportions.  In  1879  Mr.  Lothrop  gave  to  M. 
Henry  Lothrop,  a  younger  brother,  an  interest  in  the  business. 

The  chief  corner-stone  on  which  all  this  great  establishment  became 
securely  founded  was  Mr.  Lothrop's  faith  in  the  value  and  necessity  of  good 
and  pure  literature,  especially  for  the  young,  and  the  great  desirability  of 
placing  it  in  the  hands  of  the  people  all  over  the  country.  His  two  cardinal 
principles  have  been:  "  Never  to  publish  a  work  purely  sensational,  no  mat- 


332  KING'S   HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

ter  what  chance  of  money  it  lias  in  it;"  and,  "To  publish  books  that  will 
make  true  and  steadfast  growth  in  right  living."  In  pursuance  of  this  plan, 
at  the  very  beginning  of  his  publishing  business,  he  formed  a  triumvirate 
of  critics  and  salaried  readers  of  manuscripts,  composed  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
George  T.  Day  of  Dover,  N.H.;  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  E.  Rankin  of  Washington, 
D.C. ;  and  Professor  Heman  Lincoln,  D.D.,  of  Newton  Seminary.  Every 
manuscript  published  by  D.  Lothrop  &  Co.  must  have  had  the  approval  of 
one  or  more  of  these  eminent  Christian  scholars;  and  the  result  has  been 
the  publication  of  great  libraries  of  the  best  of  books  for  the  Sunday 
school,  the  town,  and  the  family. 

Mr.  Lothrop  is  steadily  widening  his  field  of  publication.  His  later 
issues  include  some  of  the  choicest  translations  of  the  classics,  and  repre- 
sent the  most  noted  authors  of  this  and  other  countries. 

Another  prominent  feature  of  this  house  is  its  serial  publications,  at  the 
head  of  which  is  "  Wide  Awake,"  a  magazine  for  the  family  and  the  young 
folks,  edited  with  remarkable  ability,  contributed  to  by  the  best  American 
and  foreign  writers,  and  very  richly  illustrated.  The  same  editors  who 
have  made  this  a  success  also  conduct  "  Babyland,"  a  bright  and  winsome 
magazine  for  mothers  to  show  to  and  read  to  their  infants.  The  ages  be- 
tween these  two  publications  are  served  by  "  Our  Little  Men  and  Women," 
a  magazine  for  children  just  learning  how  to  read  and  spell;  and  "The 
Pansy,"  a  handsome  little  weekly  pictorial  paper.  Older  readers  find  their 
attraction  in  the  handsome  literary  quarterly  entitled  "  The  Boston  Book 
Bulletin,"  in  which  new  books  are  reviewed  and  discussed,  and  general 
news  of  the  book-world  is  given. 

Macdonald  &  Sons,  whose  bindery  occupies  the  upper  floors  of  the  build- 
ing on  the  north-east  corner  of  Bowker  and  Chardon  Streets,  are  among  the 
most  famous  binders  of  books  in  this  century,  their  work  not  being  excelled 
in  quality  by  any  firm  in  this  country.  The  business  was  established  in  1856 
by  Donald  Macdonald,  who  began  in  a  small  way  in  Harvard  Square,  Cam- 
bridge, taking  his  two  sons  into  partnership  with  him  from  the  beginning. 
His  bindings  were  soon  found  to  be  of  a  superior  quality ;  and  the  business 
so  increased  that  in  1874  the  firm  was  obliged  to  remove  the  bindery  to 
Boston,  and,  nearly  three  years  ago,  to  their  present  quarters.  They  em- 
ploy regularly  about  75  persons,  including  men  and  women ;  but  at  times 
the  number  of  employes  exceeds  100.  While  their  specialty  is  fine  bind- 
ings,—  such  as  full  morocco,  Russia,  tree-calf,  and  other  rich  varieties, — 
they  are  largely  engaged  in  doing  for  leading  Boston,  New- York,  and  Phila- 
delphia publishers,  all  kinds  of  binding,  from  the  costliest  to  the  cheapest. 
They  also  do  an  extensive  business  for  public  and  private  libraries.  Edi 
tion  after  edition  of  books  which  have  proved  to  be  popular  favorites  have 
been  bound  by  this  house.     A  characteristic  feature  of  the  Macdonalds  is 


ismn  r>  r\  gn-cm  n^^^r^rrm^rrrri^^i-n  n  aurfi  Ji 


Si 


■"i-lmii;!!1!,!.:!!- i L.ti.iliHiiii.;!1'1!!!"1';'! ■iim.il>..,.        iiiiiiniimi*iiiin  ij.^i  *u-j-'t-- t|i||i[.:;iii,;i..lliliinjiti 


ROCKWELL    &    CHURCHILL 


ROCKWELL    &    CHURCHILL'S    PRINTING-HOUSE, 
Arch  Street,   Boston. 


334  ICING'S  HANDBOOK'  OF  BOSTON. 

their  originality  and  progress.  They  are  never  satisfied  with  present 
achievements,  and  are  always  experimenting  with  noted  success.  For  ex- 
ample,in  1S81,  they  successfully  used  veneers  for  the  sides  of  books.  They 
were  the  first  to  introduce  tree-calf  binding  into  this  country,  and  many 
popular  designs  for  book-covers  are  due  to  them.  The  business  is  carried 
on  by  Donald  Macdonald's  three  sons,  who  still  retain  the  old  firm  name. 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.'s  Printing  Establishment. —  Could  "Poor  Richard" 
revisit  the  scenes  of  his  earlv  labors  in  Boston,  he  would  sraze  with  mingled 
feelings  of  astonishment  and  delight  at  the  immense  printing  establishment 
of  Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  situated  in  the  street  so  appropriately  named  alter 
their  great  predecessor,  —  Franklin.  No  better  illustration  could  be  given 
of  the  wisdom  manifest  in  Benjamin  Franklin's  pungent  sayings  than  where 
he  prophetically  anticipates  the  career  of  this  enterprising  firm.  Poor 
Richard  observes,  "  He  that  hath  a  trade  hath  an  estate,  and  he  that  hath 
a  calling  hath  an  office  of  profit  and  honor;  but  then  the  trade  must  be 
worked  at,  and  the  calling  well  followed,  or  neither  the  estate  nor  the  office 
will  enable  us  to  pay  our  taxes."  For  nearly  half  a  century  the  different 
members  of  this  family  have  been  connected  and  honorably  identified  with 
the  "art  preservative  of  all  arts."  From  the  small  beginnings  of  a  single 
job-press,  the  trade  has  been  well  worked  at,  and  the  calling  diligently  fol- 
lowed, until,  by  a  faithful  devotion  to  the  wants  and  whims  of  customers,  by 
a  conscientious  adhesion  to  the  honesty  as  well  as  the  policy  of  commercial 
integrity  through  panic  and  prosperity,  this  business  has  grown  to  be  the 
largest  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  The  equipment  is  of  the  most 
elaborate  and  varied  character.  New  founts  of  type  are  continually  being 
purchased,  and  the  latest  devices  for  the  perfection  of  press-work  are  all 
incorporated.  The  firm  have  a  larger  number  than  any  other  establishment 
of  costly  and  intricate  machines  for  the  production  of  artistic  work ;  and 
few  firms  have  become  more  widely  known  throughout  the  country. 

The  "  Franklin  Buildings,"  which  they  occupy,  are  among  the  most  con- 
spicuous of  the  prominent  buildings  in  the  rebuilt  " burnt  district."  They 
are  built  in  a  superior  manner,  of  Xova-Scotia  stone,  have  a  frontage  of  100 
feet  upon  each  street,  and  a  floor-surface  of  half  an  acre  on  each  of  the  six 
stories  and  basement.  Under  the  sidewalks  are  large  fire-proof  vaults, 
heated  by  steam  and  lighted  by  gas,  for  the  storage  of  electrotype  and 
stereotype  plates,  engravings,  cuts,  and  dies.  In  these  buddings  is  per- 
formed every  part  of  the  art  of  bookmaking,  —  composition,  electrotyping, 
press-work,  ruling,  paging,  folding,  stitching,  and  every  kind  of  binding. 
That  very  important  factor  in  a  perfect  book  —  proof-reading  —  receives 
especial  attention  at  the  hands  of  this  firm.  In  fact,  so  favorably  known  is 
this  department  for  accuracy,  erudition,  and  fidelity  to  the  genius  of  the 
author,*  that  publishers  who  have  their  printing  done  elsewhere  call  upon 


336  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  for  the  skilled  and  faithful  work  of  their  proof-readers. 
Another  very  important  feature  of  this  establishment  has  been  the  railroad 
department.  This  grew  so  rapidly,  and  demanded  such  an  increase  of 
facilities,  that  the  firm  on  the  ist  of  January,  1883,  set  apart  a  certain  por- 
tion of  their  machinery  especially  adapted  for  this  work,  and  incorporated 
the  same  under  the  title  of  the  Rand  Avery  Supply  Co.  This  simplifies 
the  somewhat  complicated  previous  union  of  the  book,  job,  and  railroad 
business,  allowing  the  railroad  department,  under  proper  management,  still 
to  furnish  the  vast  amount  of  tickets  and  advertising  matter  called  for  by 
all  the  New-England  and  many  of  the  foreign  railroads  of  the  country,  and 
permitting  the  old  business  of  its  founders  to  run  in  its  original  channel. 

There  is  not  a  department  of  bank,  insurance,  commercial,  or  corporation 
business,  that  has  not  received  from  this  firm  evidences  of  their  skill  and 
artistic  taste.  Nor  is  their  work  confined  to  Boston  alone,  or  even  to  New 
England.  They  do  a  very  extensive  book-work  for  the  leading  New-York 
publishers ;  and  their  perfected  swift-revolving  presses  have  rolled  off  many 
a  noted  work  bearing  the  imprint  of  leading  American  publishers. 

In  fact,  glanced  at  from  any  quarter,  the  noble  work  of  Rand,  Avery,  & 
Co.  impresses  one  with  the  fact  that  they  have  taken  diligent  heed  to  that 
most  practical  advice  of  their  predecessor  Franklin  :  "  Drive  thy  business  ; 
let  not  that  drive  thee." 

Rockwell  &  Churchill  have  won  a  leading  position  in  the  printing-trade. 
Originally  established  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Water  Streets,  their 
increasing  business  soon  demanded  more  room ;  and  in  1875  the  building 
on  Arch  Street,  which  they  now  occupy,  was  erected  from  plans  prepared  by 
them.  It  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  modern  printing-office ; 
In  the  basement  are  the  fire-proof  safes  for  the  storage  of  plates;  in  the 
second  story,  the  counting-room  and  the  job-composition  room;  in  the  third 
story  are  the  job-presses,  dry-pressing  room,  and  stationary-stockroom;  in 
the  fourth  and  fifth  stories,  the  presses  for  book,  pamphlet,  and  cut  work, 
and  the  annex  of  two  stories  of  an  adjoining  building,  added  in  1882,  is 
occupied  by  the  department  of  composition  of  books  and  pamphlets.  The 
character  of  the  business  transacted  by  this  firm  covers  a  wide  range,  — 
from  the  smallest  job  required  by  the  trader  to  the  largest  and  most  difficult 
classes  of  book-work.  They  have  lately  given  particular  attention  to  the 
production  of  illustrated  magazines,  library-catalogues,  and  other  fine  work, — 
which  demand  special  accuracy  of  typographical  preparation  and  perfection 
of  press-work,  —  and  in. this  line  have  achieved  a  marked  success.  In  the 
line  of  job-printing  their  productions  are  conspicuous  for  novelty  and 
attractiveness.  The  house  has  an  established  reputation  for  enterprise, 
progress,  and  good  taste,  which  it  appears  well  able  to  sustain,  and  to  in- 
crease from  year  to  year. 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON.  337 

The  Pope  Manufacturing  Company  has  become,  within  a  very  short 
space  of  time,  one  of  the  most  important  and  best-known  of  Boston  insti- 
tutions, whose  works  and  products  are  popular  all  over  the  country. 

Go  forth  upon  your  wheeled  horse,  and  list 

To  Nature's  teachings. 

The  bicycle,  that  graceful,  noiseless  "  steed,"  the  wheeled  brother  of 
Pegasus,  although  hardly  out  of  its  infancy,  has  so  wheeled  itself  under 
the  hearts  of  our  people,  as  to  seem  an  old  acquaintance;  and  in  realizing 
its  permanency  and  necessity  we  have  forgotten  its  short  pedigree.  It  is 
now  but  five  years  since  the  Pope  Manufacturing  Company  turned  out  the 
first  American-made  machine,  yet  these  few  years  have  given  the  Columbia 
bicycle  a  name  almost  as  familiar  to  city  people  or  country  folks  as  Shake- 
speare or  Robinson  Crusoe ;  and  it  is  quite  probable  that  there  are  people 
who  have  read  of  the  Columbia  bicycle  who  have  never  even  glanced 
through  the  pages  of  De  Foe's  masterpiece.  From  ocean  to  ocean,  and 
over  the  ocean,  the  finished  results  of  skill,  unusual  enterprise,  and  keen  fore- 
sight, have  raised  another  monument  which  again  casts  a  shadow  over  the 
fair  fame  of  England's  boasted  handiwork.  From  a  beginning  of  prospective 
success,  the  energy  and  push  of  this  company  have  placed  an  entirely  new 
industry  upon  a  basis,  —  firm  and  permanent,  —  and  have  given  to  "The 
Hub"  the  largest  bicycle-house  in  the  world.  To  Col.  Albert  A.  Pope,  the 
president  of  the  company,  is  due  the  remarkable  success  of  an  enterprise 
which  started  out  upon  an  unknown  sea  of  American  manufacture.  He  has 
held  the  business  tiller  with  firmest  grasp,  until  he  not  only  steered  the 
young  company  into  still  waters,  but  has  covered  it  with  the  iron-plates  of 
certainty.  The  riding  of  bicycles  is  growing  still  more  popular  among  our 
business-men ;  for  it  furnishes  a  rapid  means  of  conveyance,  and  gives  a 
pleasure  and  exhilaration  which  only  the  wheelman  can  realize,  and  no 
words  can  describe.  The  weary  brain  of  the  professional  man  finds  in  the 
"  wheel "  a  rest  for  mind,  and  strength  for  bod}'.  The  new  Columbia  tricy- 
cle, a  "steed"  adapted  to  general  use  by  gentlemen  or  ladies,  gives  the 
"missing  link"  which  has  separated  the  wife  from  her  husband.  As  have 
done  and  are  doing  the  ladies  of  England,  so  will  do  the  ladies  of  our  coun- 
try,—  ride  over  our  beautiful  roads  abreast  the  husbands  and  fathers;  a 
whole  family  on  wheels!  The  new  Columbia  tricycle  is  a  beautiful  machine, 
in  the  construction  of  which  have  been  placed  all  the  skill  and  experience 
attainable.  It  is  light,  easy-running,  stanch,  and  durable.  The  fine  work- 
manship and  material  have  made  the  expert  Columbia  bicycle  the  finest 
"  wheel "  in  the  world,  and  the  name  of  the  "  Old  Reliable  Standard  Colum- 
bia" a  household  word.  A  visit  to  the  warerooms  of  the  company  at  597 
Washington  Street,  Boston,  or  to  the  factory  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  will  sur- 
prise any  one.     From  floor  to  ceiling,  like  a  huge  organ,  hang  the  bur- 


338  KING'S  HANDBOOK'  OF  BOSTON. 

nished  wheels,  marking  not  only  a  great  and  growing  industry,  but  the  good 
common-sense  of  the  people  in  the  adoption  of  a  contrivance  which  gives 
its  rider  rapid  transit,  pleasure,  exercise,  and  health. 

Palmer,  Bachelder,  &  Co.,  the  famous  Boston  jewellers,  and  dealers  in 
diamonds,  watches,  and  silverware,  are  established  in  a  handsome  and  com- 
modious building  at  394  Washington  Street,  in  the  centre  of  the  retail- 
business  district.  This  well-known  firm  was  founded  in  the  year  1817,  under 
the  style  of  Davis,  Palmer,  &  Co.;  the  partners  being  the  Hon.  Thomas  A. 
Davis  (afterwards  mayor  of  Boston),  Julius  A.  Palmer,  and  Josiah  G.  Bach- 
elder. Subsequently  the  firm-name  became  Palmers  &  Bachelders ;  the 
members  being  Julius  A.  Palmer  and  his  son  Jacob  P.  Palmer,.and  Josiah 
G.  Bachelder  and  his  brother  Augustus  E.  Bachelder.  The  copartnership 
is  now  composed  of  Jacob  P.  Palmer  and  James  A.  Laighton. 

Their  establishment  was  burned  in  the  Great  Fire  of  1872;  but  a  tempo- 
rary store  was  at  once  opened  at  31  Temple  Place,  where  they  remained 
until  their  present  domicile  was  constructed  for  them  by  the  Sargent  estate. 
Here  they  occupy  the  first  floor  and  basement  of  the  great  building  extend- 
ing from  Washington  Street  to  Hawley  Street,  a  length  of  220  feet. 

This  firm  has  been  for  more  than  twenty-five  years  the  Boston  agents 
for  the  celebrated  Geneva  watches  of  Patek,  Philippe,  &  Co.,  besides  which 
they  sell  the  best  products  of  the  Waltham,  Elgin,  and  other  American 
factories.  They  always  exhibit  a  great  variety  of  diamonds  and  other 
gems.  In  their  silverware  department  are  fancy  presentation  pieces  of 
sterling  silverware  in  quaint  old  Marie-Antoinette  and  other  patterns,  classic 
in  design,  with  grotesque  figures,  —  triumphs  of  silver-working  worthy  of 
Benvenuto  Cellini  himself,  and  daintily  shown  in  satin-lined  cases. 

Many  very  valuable  works  of  art  may  be  seen  in  this  establishment,  vary- 
ing from  time  to  time,  but  always  full  of  merit  and  interest.  This  is  the 
only  place  to  see  the  rich  paintings  of  W.  H.  Hilliard,  who  won  such  glory 
with  his  pictures  in  the  Royal  Academy  of  1880,  and  the  Paris  Salon  of 
1880,  1 88 1,  and  1882.  For  several  years  the  choicest  works  of  this  artist 
have  been  exhibited  and  sold  by  Palmer,  Bachelder,  &  Co.,  who  keep  his 
landscapes  in  a  dainty  little  gallery  near  their  counting-room.  Here,  also, 
are  some  of  Henry  Bacon's  famous  pictures,  including  "  The  Luck  of  Roar- 
ing Camp,"  and  "  Le  Recit  d'un  Marin,"  his  Salon  picture  of  1882.  In 
another  part  of  the  store  is  Thomas  Ball's  -bronze  statuette  of  Daniel 
Webster.  Among  the  other  art  treasures  are  several  of  the  marbles  of 
Margaret  Foley,  that  wonderful  New-England  sculptor,  who  died  not  long 
ago  after  sixteen  years  o,f  life  in  Rome  with  Harriet  Hosmer,  the  Howitts, 
Charlotte  Cushman,  and  other  eminent  persons.  Here  is  her  famous  group 
of  the  Boy  and  Kid,  and  also  her  medallions  of  Longfellow,  Sumner,  Un- 
dine, Joshua,  Jeremiah,  Iona,  Excelsior,  Trasteverina,  and  Pasquccia.     The 


A'/A'G-S   HANDBOOK'  OF  BOSTON.  339 

beautiful  bust  of  Cleopatra  was  recently  sold  to  a  gentleman  of  Boston. 
Some  very  interesting  marbles  by  Mrs.  Freeman  of  Rome  may  also  be 
seen  here.  Elsewhere  in  this  museum  of  vertii  may  be  seen  very  dainty 
bisque  figures,  artistic  pottery,  and  fine  French  bronzes. 

The  New- York  and  Boston  Despatch  Express  Company  was  incor- 
porated June  16,  1873.  ^  's  an  independent  opposition  express  company, 
and  has  brought  about  such  a  reduction  in  rates,  and  has  transacted  its 
business  so  satisfactorily,  that  it  has  secured  the  good-will  and  patronage  of 
many  of  the  heaviest  shippers,  thereby  placing  itself  among  the  foremost 
of  the  great  express  companies.  It  carries  goods  directly  to  and  from  New 
York,  Boston,  and  places  on  the  line  of  the  Delaware  and  Lackawanna,  and 
the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroads.  Its  own  messengers  go  to  all 
points  on  the  line  between  New  York  and  Boston,  including  Middleborough. 
Fall  River,  New  Bedford,  Taunton,  and  Newport,  and  to  all  places  on  Cape 
Cod.  Martha's  Vineyard,  Nantucket,  Fitchburg,  Clinton,  Leominster,  and 
all  points  on  the  Northern  Division  of  the  Old-Colony  Railroad.  The  com- 
pany is  constantly  striving  to  promote  the  interests  of  its  patrons.  In  its 
settlements  for  losses,  no  company  can  show  a  clearer  and  more  creditable 
record.  In  its  offices  it  has  drawn  together  other  express  companies,  mak- 
ing as  a  result  Union  Express  Offices.  For  example,  it  has  in  its  Boston 
office,  besides  Earle  &  Frew's  well-known  Boston  &  Providence  Express, 
upwards  of  one  hundred  express  companies,  reaching  almost  every  point  in 
New  England.  Thus  it  is  that  2:oods  cominsr  to  this  office  from  New  York 
and  elsewhere,  for  any  point  in  Northern  and  Eastern  New  England,  have 
the  advantage  of  immediate  and  convenient  transfer  to  the  local  expresses 
leaving  by  next  trains  after  arrival  of  such  goods.  The  Boston  offices  have 
been  removed  several  times  ;  and,  although  very  small  quarters  at  first,  they 
now  comprise  the  basement,  first  and  second  floors,  of  the  large  and  sub- 
stantial four-story  brick  building,  Nos.  105  and  107  Arch  Street,  where  may 
be  seen  one  of  the  most  commodious  and  liveliest  express  offices  in  this 
country;  every  thing  being  new,  and  so  arranged  as  to  afford  the  best 
facilities  for  a  great  amount  of  work  with  very  little  confusion.  The  hand- 
some rooms  of  the  company  present  at  all  hours  of  the  day  evidence  of  the 
celerity  and  regularity  with  which  express  matter  can  be  handled  under  a 
system  that  admits  of  small  opportunity  for  detention  or  error.  The  main 
New-York  offices  are  at  304  and  306  Canal  Street,  and  57  and  59  Lispenard 
Street;  and  branch  offices,  63  Broadway  and  940  Broadway.  The  president 
is  Henry  C.  Sherburne,  who  is  also  president  of  the  Northern  Railroad  of 
New  Hampshire.  The  general  manager  is  Edward  A.  Taft,  who  has  de- 
voted almost  a  lifetime  to  the  practical  study  of  the  express  business.  In 
the  vast  volume  of  traffic  between  the  metropolis  of  America  and  the  me- 
tropolis of  New  England,  this  company  is  one  of  the  most  efficient  agents. 


340 


KING'S   HANDBOOK   OF  BOSTON. 


The  Geldowsky  Furniture  Co.'s  Establishment,  on  Otis  Street,  East 
Cambridge,  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  small  factory  started  in  Boston  many  years 
ago.  The  factory-buildings  are  so  well  shown  in  the  illustration  on  this  page, 
that  a  description  of  them  is  unnecessary.  They  are  all  of  brick,  and  contain 
all  kinds  of  machinery,  and  every  facility  requisite  for  manufacturing  the 
finest  furniture.  Employment  is  given  to  350  men.  In  manufacturing  furni- 
ture no  soft  woods  are  used.  This  firm  is  now  doing  probably  the  most 
extensive  wholesale  and  retail  furniture  business  in  this  country.  The  goods 
are  sold,  not  only  throughout  the  United  States,  but  are  also  shipped  to  Great 


Geldowsky's  Furniture   Establishment.   Otis  Street,   East  Cambridge. 

Britain,  South  America,  and  Australia.  An  agency  has  been  established  in 
London,  Eng.,  and  at  Sydney.  New  South  Wales.  Moreover,  besides  doing 
a  business  as  extensive  as  any  of  its  competitors  in  this  country,  this  firm  has 
also  the  reputation  of  manufacturing  furniture  equal  to  that  of  the  best  manu- 
facturers in  the  world.  Although  the  business  of  the  Geldowsky  Furniture 
Company  is  principally  wholesale,  the  retail  business  is  quite  an  important 
branch..  In  the  retail  department  one  entire  floor  300  by  50  feet  is  used  ex- 
clusively for  the  display  of  goods.  The  factory,  as  already  stated,  is  on  Otis 
Street,  East  Cambridge :  and  the  retail  department,  office,  and  warerooms  are 
alongside  the  factory.    All  can  be  reached  by  a  ten-minutes'  ride  in  the  ho'-se- 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


341 


cars  that  start  from  Scollay  Square,  Boston.     The  Geldowsky  Company  now 
consists  of  F.  Geldowsky,  C.  P.  Keeler,  and  George  A.  Keeler. 

Joseph  T.  Brown  &  Co.,  504  Washington  Street,  celebrated  in  the  spring 
of  1 88 1  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  their  existence  as  a  firm,  and  as  the  con- 
stant occupants  of  the  same  site.  This  firm  represents  a  family  of  druggists. 
The  present  head  of  the  house  is  one  of  four  brothers,  all  of  whom  have  been 
separately  engaged  in  the  same  business.  Joseph  T.  Brown,  in  his  sixteenth 
year,  came  to  Boston  as  an  apprentice  to  his  oldest  brother,  and  began  as  an 
independent  druggist  in  1831  at  the  corner  where  the  firm  is  still  located.  In 
due  time  his  son,  Joseph  T.  Brown,  jun.,  became  a  partner  with  his  father ; 
and  in  1872  Charles  H.  Bassett, 
who  began  as  a  clerk  in  the 
house,  and  now  has  charge  of 
the  wholesale  department,  was 
admitted  as  the  third  partner. 
All  of  the  firm  are  members  of 
the  Massachusetts  College  of 
Pharmacy ;  and  the  clerks  in 
their  employ  are  obliged  to  at- 
tend the  instructions  of  the  col- 
lege, and  obtain  its  diploma,  as 
a  condition  of  service.  A  spe- 
cial feature  of  the  business  of 
the  house  is  the  manufacture  of 
their  own  pharmaceutical  prepa- 
rations and  druggists'  special- 
ties. They  long  ago  established 
a  high  reputation  in  this  branch 
of  pharmacy;  and  physicians 
make  a  point  of  coming  or  send- 
ing-    to     them    for     rare     articles  Joseph  T.   Brown  &  Co  ,  504  Washington  Street. 

and  new  preparations  which  cannot  be  found  elsewhere.  Aside  from  this 
general  manufacturing,  which  is  partly  for  the  wholesale  trade,  they  do  a  large 
prescription  business,  and  are  among  the  best-known  chemists  in  the  city. 
One  can  always  rely  upon  their  preparations.  This  fact,  joined  with  their 
•long-established  reputation,  has  given  the  house  peculiar,  if  not  exceptional, 
opportunities  to  fill  special  orders  from  all  parts  of  New  England.  The  store 
is  notable  for  its  remarkably  fine  wood-carvings,  which  arch  the  way  from  the 
shelves  to  the  ceiling;  and  the  building  is  made  conspicuous  by  the  large 
pestle  and  mortar  which  stand  at  the  corner  of  the  roof,  marking  the  locality 
with  the  ancient  and  time-honored  emblems  of  the  science  of  pharmacy,  now 
so  important  a  factor  in  civilization. 


342 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


Noyes  Brothers,  composed  of  Charles  C.  and  David  W.  Noyes,  is  a  firm 
that  well  illustrates  what  energy,  ability,  and  pluck  can  accomplish.  The 
two  young  men  who  compose  this  firm  were  born  in  Norway,  Me.,  and  at  the 
age  of  fifteen  were  successfully  carrying  on  the  largest  farm  in  their  native 
town.  But  three  years  later  higher  aspirations  brought  them  to  Boston, 
where  they  entered  the  establishment  of  Jordan,  Marsh,  &  Co.,  and  energetic- 
ally made  a  study  of  business  in  general  and  of  gentlemen's  wear  in  particular. 


Noyes  Brothers,   No.  4  Summer  Street. 


After  seven  years  faithful  work  for  their  employers,  they  determined  to  start 
for  themselves.  Their  capital  was  small,  and  their  first  store  on  West  Street 
was  also  small.  But  their  knowledge  of  the  business  and  their  industry  were 
great;  and  as  a  result  in  a  short  time  they  became  leaders  in  their  line. 
Three  years  after  they  began,  they  moved  into  their  present  store  at  the 
corner  of  Summer  and  Washington  Streets ;  and  for  a  time  carried  on  three 
stores, —  two  in  Boston  and  one  in  Harvard  Square,  Cambridge.  Their 
Summer-street  business,  however,  grew  so  rapidly  as  to  require  their  whole 
attention.     They  enlarged  their  quarters  from  time  to  time,  and  have  kept 


KING  'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  343 

them  so  well  fitted  up,  and  so  amply  supplied  with  every  thing  that  any  man 
needs  in  the  way  of  furnishing-goods  for  use  or  adornment,  that  it  has  become 
one  of  the  places  worth  seeing  in  Boston:  it  is,  in  fact,  a  genuine  London 
shop.  They  make  shirts  of  all  grades  for  business  or  society  wear;  flannel 
shirts  for  hunting,  fishing,  and  for  wear  "on  board  ship;"  and  one  of  their 
specialties  is  wedding  outfits  of  the  finest  order.  They  import  all  the  latest 
London  and  Paris  novelties,  and  the  finest  grades  of  English  underwear  and 
hosiery.  Their  laundry  business,  too,  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best  in  this 
country.     This  unique  place  is  at  No.  4  Summer  Street. 

D.  P.  Ilsley  &  Co.,  381  Washington  Street,  is  one  of  those  firms  that  are 
indispensable  in  every  large  city.  People  desire  changes,  every  now  and 
then,  in  what  they  wear;  and,  consequently,  there  must  be  experts  who 
understand  what  will  satisfy  the  public  taste  at  each  new  turn.  Necessarily 
some  firms  cater  exclusively  to  the  buyers  of  cheap  goods ;  and  there  are 
others  who.se  patrons  demand  the  best  quality,  the  most  exquisite  taste,  or 
both  combined.  Among  the  latter  class  of  firms  can  justly  be  ranked  D.  P. 
Ilsley  &  Co.,  who  for  nearly  20  years  have  done  a  great  work  in  bringing 
before  the  people  of  Boston  all  that  the  most  cultured  taste  or  most  com- 
petent judges  could  wish  for,  in  hats,  furs,  umbrellas,  canes,  and  articles 
belonging  to  a  stock  of  this  kind.  The  senior  member  has  had  a  constant 
experience  of  over  30  years  in  this  trade,  and  the  fully  deserved  success  bears 
witness  that  this  experience  has  been  put  to  good  use.  The  stock  comprises 
not  only  the  best  wares  manufactured  in  this  country,  but  also  those  of 
foreign  countries,  the  selections  being  made  by  personal  visits  of  Mr.  Ilsley. 
A  specialty  is  made  of  gratifying  the  desires  of  every  one ;  and  all  styles, 
shapes,  or  qualities  of  hats  and  furs  are  made  to  order  if  not  on  hand. 
Messrs.  Ilsley  &  Co.  have  occupied  the  same  store,  which  is  a  model  of 
neatness,  since  they  began  business ;  and  their  customers  include  many  of 
the  wealthiest  and  most  fashionable  families  of  Boston  and  vicinity,  and  also 
the  students  of  Harvard  and  Boston  Universities,  and  other  well-known 
institutions  of  learning.  The  stock  of  furs  kept  here  includes  every  variety 
in  use  in  New  England,  from  the  popular  fur-lined  cloaks  so  extensively  worn 
of  late  years,  and  fur  coats  and  caps  for  gentlemen,  to  rich  seal-skin  garments 
in  great  variety,  and  other  articles  made  from  materials  even  more  precious. 
A  specialty  is  also  made  of  livery  furs,  all  grades  of  which  can  be  supplied 
here.  A  large  room  is  also  devoted  to  the  ladies'  hat  trade,  a  department  of 
Messrs.  Ilsley  &  Co.'s  business  which  has  been  very  successful,  and  has 
won  a  fame  which  extends  all  over  the  country.  By  frequent  visits  to  Paris, 
and  an  extensive  connection  with  the  best  French  artists  in  millinery,  the 
managers  of  this  department  are  kept  en  rapport  with  the  latest  ideas  in  their 
line,  and  are  enabled  to  introduce  many  attractive  novelties  to  their  patrons. 
The  back  part  of  the  establishment  is  divided  into  two  spacious  apartments, 


344  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

one  of  which  is  for  the  ladies'  hat  trade,  and  the  other  for  all  manner  of 
ladies' furs.  The  firm  greatly  augmented  their  accommodations  in  1883,  by 
occupying  the  adjacent  extensive  store  at  381  Washington  Street,  fitting  it  up 
handsomely,  and  meeting  the  continual  enlargement  of  their  business  with 
more  roomy  and  ample  accommodations.  Here  may  be  found  every  variety  of 
ladies'  and  gentlemen's  hats,  furs,  and  umbrellas,  English,  French,  or  Ameri- 
can, the  best  of  goods,  set  forth  in  the  most  attractive  and  convenient  man- 
ner, and  in  a  large,  light,  and  cheery  store,  so  that  an  inspection  of  the  stock 
will  well  repay  even  a  purposeless  and  casual  visit.  Much  of  the  best  trade 
of  the  city  centres  here,  and  always  meets  with  a  satisfactory  reception  and 
sufficient  variety. 

William  S.  Butler  &  Co.'s  furnishing  store  for  ladies  is  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative houses  of  Boston,  and  enjoys  a  very  large  and  increasing  patronage, 
from  customers  who  are  in  search  of  fresh,  fashionable,  and  desirable  goods, 
for  use  or  adornment.  This  interesting  establishment  occupies  an  immense 
store  at  from  90  to  98  Tremont  Street,  opposite  the  Tremont  House  and 
alongside  Tremont  Temple,  with  adjacent  buildings  on  Montgomery  Place 
(Bosworth  Street);  and  every  year  it  is  obliged  to  extend  its  domains,  so  great 
is  the  pressure  of  business.  It  is  admirably  arranged,  well-lighted,  and  ele- 
gantly appointed  in  every  way ;  and  the  eligibility  of  its  location,  at  the  centre 
of  the  city,  gives  it  still  further  advantages  as  an  emporium  of  trade.  Mr. 
Butler  has  been  connected  with  this  department  of  business  for  many  years, 
and  has  brought  to  bear  upon  this  store  all  the  thorough  and  practical  training 
derived  from  this  experience,  and  gives  his  personal  attention  to  every  detail 
of  the  extensive  transactions  involved.  He  has  also  a  select  staff  of  assist- 
ants and  heads  of  departments,  well-tried  men,  marked  alike  for  courtesy  and 
for  executive  ability. 

The  stock-in-trade  consists  of  "  every  thing  but  dry-goods ; "  that  is  to  say, 
of  all  that  vast  aggregate  of  articles,  garments,  decorations,  etc.,  that  go  to 
make  up  the  external  and  artificial  covering  of  lovely  woman  —  excepting 
piece  goods,  or  cloths  of  all  kinds,  from  which  to  make  dresses.  The  im- 
mense number  and  variety  of  goods  and  articles,  not  essential  to  covering, 
which  are  thus  used,  can  hardly  be  realized  without  a  visit  to  such  a  store  as 
Butler's,  where  floor  after  floor  is  devoted  to  the  display  and  sale  of  an  almost 
infinite  multitude  of  them,  the  flowers,  feathers,  bijouterie,  perfumes,  linens, 
ribbons,  and  other  things  essential  to  the  comfort  and  adornment  of  a  modern 
American  lady.  Amid  this  bewildering  maze  of  pretty  details,  throngs  of 
urban  and  suburban  purchasers  move  back  and  forth  all  day  long,  availing 
themselves  of  the  great  variety  and  moderate  prices  for  which  this  store  is 
widely  celebrated,  and  accumulating  piece  after  piece  of  dainty  apparel, 
wherewith  to  enrich  their  grand  toilets. 

There  is  a  large  stock  of  goods  on  the  upper  floors,  which  is  entirely 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


345 


devoted  to  the  wholesale  trade,  a  department  of  the  store  which  is  continually 
growing  in  importance  and  magnitude.  Large  quantities  of  goods  are  dis- 
tributed thence  throughout  all  New  England,  to  make  glad  the  hearts  of  rural 
maids  and  village  matrons.  The  top  floor  of  the  main  building  was  used  for 
many  years  (until  1883)  as  the  armory  and  hall  of  the  First  Corps  of  Cadets, 
the  elite  battalion  of  the  Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia.  Admirably  situated 
on  the  main  horse-car  routes,  and  very  accessible  from  all  the  railway  stations, 
the  store  of  William  S.  Butler  &  Co.  enjoys  advantages  that  are  accorded  to 
but  few,  and  is  always  sure  of  a  large,  lucrative,  and  increasing  trade. 

Lewando's  French  Dye-house  is  rapidly  becoming  one  of  the  best-known 
and  most  useful  establishments  in  Boston.  The  extensive  works  are  at 
VVatertown,  Mass.,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Charles  River, 
and  constantly  employ  up- 
wards of  one  hundred  per- 
sons. The  apparatus  in- 
cludes many  odd  pieces  of 
machinery  for  operating 
the  valuable  processes,  pe- 
culiar alone  to  this  estab- 
lishment. The  chief  work 
is  the  dyeing  and  cleans- 
ing of  every  kind  of  textile 
fabric.  The  dyeing  is  in 
all  colors  produced  at  any 
dye-house  in  this  country, 
and  is  done  on  piece-goods 
and  garments  of  every  size, 
shape,  or  quality.  The 
cleansing  is  by  an  exclusive 
French  process  known  as 
"dry  cleansing,"  enabling 
this  firm  to  cleanse  all  fab- 
rics, dresses,  gentlemen's 
clothes,  silks,  gloves,  laces,  ribbons,  curtains,  feathers,  shawls,  and  all  similar 
goods,  without  injuring  or  even  taking  to  pieces  the  garments.  By  the  pro- 
cesses in  use  at  Lewando's  dye-house,  the  most  perfect  dyeing  and  cleansing 
can  be  obtained.  The  managers,  too,  are  most  enterprising  people,  and  con- 
tinually put  forth  every  effort  to  satisfy  their  many  customers.  They  make 
it  easy  for  people  to  patronize  them  by  having  offices  not  only  at  Watertown, 
and  at  the  main  office,  17  Temple  Place,  Boston,  but  also  at  270  Westminster 
Street,  Providence.;   2  Park  Square,  Lynn,   Mass.;   and  2206  Washington 


Lewando's  Dye-House,   17  Temple  Place. 


346  KING  'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

Street,  Highlands;  and  331 A  Broadway,  South  Boston.  Besides  having  these 
several  offices,  they  send  their  wagons  to  any  address  to  get  and  return  large 
or  small  bundles  of  goods  to  be  cleansed  or  dyed.  A  specialty  is  made  of 
delivering  goods  exactly  at  the  time  promised,  and  of  charging  in  all  cases 
only  the  lowest  equitable  price.  The  greatest  care  is  taken  to  avoid  the 
wrong  delivery  of  goods,  or  the  slightest  damage  to  any  work.  When  there 
is  the  slightest  doubt  of  obtaining  desired  results,  the  patron  is  plainly  told  so 
in  advance.  Goods  are  cleansed  and  dyed  for  people  in  every  State  in  the 
Union;  and  pamphlets  telling  how  to  send  goods  can  be  had  free  by  address- 
ing Lewando's  French  Dye-house,  1 7  Temple  Place,  Boston. 

Otis  Clapp  &  Son,  the  well-known  homoeopathic  pharmacists,  and  manu- 
facturers and  importers  of  homoeopathic  goods,  are  located  at  No.  3  Beacon 
Street,  opposite  the  Tremont  House.  This  firm  is,  with  one  exception,  the 
oldest-established  homoeopathic  pharmacy  in  this  country.  Its  growth  has 
been  co-extensive  with  the  growth  of  homoeopathy  in  New  England.  Otis 
Clapp,  its  founder  and  present  senior  partner,  commenced  business,  with  a 
very  limited  stock  of  goods,  in  1840,  at  No.  121  Washington  Street,  when 
there  were  but  three  or  four  physicians  of  this  school  in  Boston,  and  but  few 
in  its  vicinity.  In  1841  the  pharmacy  was  removed  to  School  Street,  and  in 
1855  to  its  present  location  on  Beacon  Street.  In  the  summer  of  1880,  ex- 
tensive additions  and  improvements  were  made  to  their  premises,  so  as  to 
make  it  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complete  pharmacies  of  this  class  in  the 
ing  world. 

The  Messrs.  Clapp  manufacture  in  their  laboratory  such  medical  prep- 
arations as  are  made  from  plants  indigenous  to  this  country,  and  import 
extensively  from  Germany  and  England  such  as  are  native  to  Europe.  They 
also  are  large  importers  of  sugar-of-milk  and  other  products  used  in  then- 
special  branch  of  trade. 

The  preparation  of  "triturations"  —  drugs  pulverized  with  sugar-of-milk, 
a  form  of  attenuating  and  dispensing  remedies  peculiar  to  homoeopaths  — 
forms  one  important  branch  of  their  manufactures,  and  is  carried  on  in  mills 
by  the  aid  of  water  as  a  motive  power. 

Connected  with  their  establishment  is  a  "case-department,"  where  is 
manufactured  the  finest  of  morocco-wprk,  in  the  form  of  medicine  and  surgical 
cases  for  pocket  and  carriage  use ;  also  mahogany  chests,  and  other  cases, 
for  domestic  practice.  Their  patrons  to  this  department  are  not  limited  to 
simply  homoeopathic  practitioners,  and  others  who  adopt  this  method  of, 
practice,  but  include  many  others  desirous  of  obtaining  the  best  quality 
of  goods  of  this  class. 

The  firm  are  also  publishers  of,  and  dealers  in,  medical  works,  including 
"The  New-England  Medical  Gazette,"  a  monthly  journal  edited  by  an  asso- 
ciation of    Boston  physicians,  which,   in  its   list  of   subscribers,   includes 


KING'S    HANDBOOK    OF   BOSTON. 


347 


physicians  in  almost  every  State  in  the  Union.  This  concern  is  also  the 
Boston  depot  through  which  the  trade  is  supplied  with  that  justly  celebrated 
beverage,  "  Epps'  Cocoa,"  which  is  now  sold  by  every  first-class  grocer. 

A  visit  to  this  establishment  affords  many  themes  of  interest,  in  the 
various  preparations  and  specifics  in  use  by  the  homoeopathic  school  of 
physicians.  The  stock  is  arranged  and  displayed  with  great  skill  and  perfect 
system ;  and  every  variety  of  medicine  used  by  the  adherents  of  this  science 
may  be  found  here,  in  the  best  preparations,  and  always  ready  for  delivery. 
The  very  best  and  choicest  drugs  and  simples  are  used,  and  their  preparation 
is  watched  over  with  the  most  scrupulous  care. 

The  E.  Howard  Watch  and  Clock  Company  is  a  re-organization  and  con- 
solidation of  the  former  Howard  Watch  and  Clock  Company,  and  of  the  firm 
of  E.  Howard  &  j~j    .  ......    ____    ._ 

Co.  In  1842  Ed- 
ward Howard  was 
the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  old  firm 
of  Howard  &  Da- 
vis. In  ,1850  he, 
in  connection  with 
A.  S.  Dennison, 
became  one  of  the 
chief  organizers 
of  the  Boston 
Watch  Company, 
whose  manufac- 
tory, on  the  site  of 
the  present  How- 
ard buildings,  was 

the  pioneer  establishment  for  making  watches  in  America 
5,000  square  feet  of  floor  surface,  the  works  have  increased  so  that  they  now 
contain  more  than  100,000  square  feet.  The  original  factory  building  is  illus- 
trated on  this  page.  It  is  only  one  of  the  group  that  now  constitutes  the  manu- 
factory wherein  are  made  the  high  grade  of  watches  and  clocks  for  which  this 
company  are  so  widely  celebrated.  It  is  the  company's  constant  aim  to  im- 
prove the  quality  of  their  work,  and  adopt  such  improvements  as  experience 
and  thought  clearly  show  to  be  the  best ;  and,  as  a  result,  their  watches  and 
clocks  are  well  known  and  extensively  used  throughout  the  United  States  and 
the  Canadas,  especially  their  clocks  for  church  and  town-hall  towers,  railroad- 
depots,  public  buildings,  manufactories,  and  pavements.  Their  electric  watch 
clock,  for  the  detection  of  delinquent  watchmen,  is  considered  by  experts  the 
most  perfect  clock  yet  constructed  for  this   purpose.     Their  astronomical 


The  E.  Howard  Watch  and  Clock  Company,  163  Hampden  Street. 


Beginning  with 


348  KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 

clocks  are  in  use  in  most  of  the  leading  observatories  in  the  country.  The 
salesrooms  of  the  company  are  at  1 14  Tremont  Street,  Boston,  and  29  Maiden 
Lane  in  New  York;  but  their  clocks  and  watches  are  to  be  obtained  of  the 
leading  jewellers  everywhere.  The  New- York  salesrooms  are  practically  a 
metropolitan  exchange  for  correct  time,  sojourners  from  all  parts  of  the  world 
resorting  there  to  adjust  their  watches  to  standard  American  time. 

John  A.  Lowell  &  Co.  are  the  leading  fine-art  engravers  in  this  country, 
and  to  no  other  firm  is  due  so  much  for  the  progress  made  in  fine-art  engrav- 
ing on  steel.  For  twenty-five  years  Mr.  Lowell,  with  his  corps  of  assistants, 
has  been  constantly  producing  novel  and  ingenious  and  yet  artistic  designs, 
which  he  has  had  engraved  in  the  finest  possible  manner  on  steel.  Not  only 
do  these  engravings  include  commercial  stationery,  bonds,  bills  of  exchange, 
cards,  letter-headings,  diplomas,  etc.,  but  they  consist  at  present  to  a  great 
extent  of  purely  fine-art  work.  Hunt's  famous  "  Bathers,"  for  instance,  has 
been  published,  and  the  list  of  subscribers  includes  many  of  America's  art 
connoisseurs.  This  firm  has  also  created  a  new  industry,  —  the  production 
of  steel-engraved  cards  or  folders  adapted  to  business  purposes.  Steel- 
engraved  pictures  of  any  grade  of  excellence  were  regarded  as  too  expensive 
for  use  in  this  way,  and  their  introduction  was  attended  with  considerable 
risk.  They  became  immediately  popular,  however;  and  the  demand  for  them 
was  so  regular  that  new  varieties  were  issued  before  the  first  were  hardly  dry 
from  the  press.  This  is  true  in  the  experience  only  of  the  house  of  John  A. 
Lowell  &  Co.,  who  were  the  first  to  introduce  the  cards,  and  whose  successful 
efforts  have  created  a  livelihood  for  many  imitators.  This  firm  have  easily 
kept  the  lead  by  employing  the  best  engravers,  and  securing  the  services  .of 
most  prominent  artists  in  Boston  and  New  York.  It  is  impossible  to  describe 
the  thousand  different  designs  of  the  various  productions  of  this  firm ;  but 
any  one  can  readily  see  them  by  asking  for  them  at  any  leading  stationery- 
store. 

Of  late  years  John  A.  Lowell  &  Co.  have  given  close  attention  and  intelli- 
gent study  to  the  capabilities  of  the  younger  American  artists,  selecting  from 
time  to  time  young  men  of  marked  originality  and  ability,  and  becoming  the 
exclusive  purchasers  of  their  works.  In  the  development  of  American  art,, 
such  a  policy  will  have  an  enormous  influence;  since  the  well-known  discrimi- 
nation and  judgment  of  this  firm  will  guarantee  the  excellence  of  paintings  in 
which  they  seek  interest,  and  thus  highly  favor  both  the  artist  and  his  patron. 

Among  the  artists  whose  best  works  are  exhibited  at  Lowell's  gallery  are 
Mr.  I.  M.  Gaugengigl,  whose  exquisitely  finished  figure-pieces  have  won  him 
the  title  of  "  The  Meissonier  of  America ;  "  Charles  Sprague  Pearce.  whose 
pictures  have  earned  a  medal  at  the  Paris  Salon;  George  W.  Edwards,  a 
very  successful  young  painter  in  water-colors ;  William  E.  Norton,  the  fore- 
most marine-painter  of  America  (now  settled  in  England);   Marcus  Water- 


ICING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON.  349 

man,  whose  Oriental  scenes  are  rich  in  light  and  color ;  A.  H.  Bicknell,  the 
master  of  choice  art-work  in  black-and-white ;  W.  F.  Halsall,  the  unrivalled 
New-England  marine-painter  (now  in  Paris);  George  H.  Boughton,  Todd, 
Frank  T.  Boggs,  and  others.  Mr.  Lowell  has  been  called  "The  Agnew  of 
America;  "  and  his  gallery  is  one  of  the  show-places  of  Boston.  He  spends 
part  of  each  year  in  Europe,  making  a  study  of  the  works  of  the  younger 
American  painters. 

The  headquarters  and  offices  of  John  A.  Lowell  &  Co.  are  in  the  Mason 
Building,  70  Kilby  Street,  where  large  lines  of  steel-engraved  work  are  on 
exhibition.  Adjacent  is  a  dainty  little  picture-gallery,  aesthetically  decorated, 
and  containing  rare  treasures  of  art  in  the  way  of  exquisite  paintings. 

Dame,  Stoddard,  &  Kendall  are  the  successors  of  Bradford  &  Anthony, 
whose  business  was  originally  established  in  1800  by  Samuel  Bradlee.  He 
was  succeeded  in  1848  by  Martin  L.  Bradford.  In  1856  Nathan  Anthony 
was  admitted  as  partner,  and  the  firm  of  Bradford  &  Anthony  was  formed. 
The  new  firm  followed  the  successful  career  of  Mr.  Bradlee ;  and  its  business 
constantly  increased,  both  in  scope  and  amount.  A  temporary  interruption 
was  occasioned  by  the  Great  Fire  of  1872,  which  destroyed  their  wholesale 
and  retail  stores,  containing  large  and  valuable  stocks  of  goods.  After  that 
fire,  with  unshaken  credit,  undiminished  energy,  and  guided  by  a  ripe  experi- 
ence, their  business  was  re-organized  on  a  more  extended  basis  than  before. 
The  building  No.  374  Washington  Street  was  designed  by  the  well-known 
Boston  architect,  Nathaniel  J.  Bradlee,  whose  father  established  the  business. 
It  was  erected  expressly  for  this  firm,  and  furnished  throughout  with  every 
device  to  facilitate  their  extensive  business.  The  wholesale  and  retail  depart- 
ments are  now  under  the  same  roof,  and  occupy  all  the  floors  and  basement 
of  the  building.  The  firm  are  large  dealers  in  cutlery  and  fancy  hardware, 
and  have  connection  with  the  best  houses  in  Europe.  They  are  among  the 
heaviest  American  importers  of  goods  in  their  line  from  England,  France, 
Germany,  and  Sweden,  and  are  also  the  sole  agents  for  the  United  States  of 
several  foreign  firms  as  well  as  of  various  manufacturers  in  this  country. 
At  the  International  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia,  in  1876,  they  received  a 
medal  and  the  "  cordial  thanks  "  of  the  U.  S.  Fish-Commission  for  "  the  col- 
lective exhibit  in  exhaustive  variety  of  anglers'  apparatus  and  fishing-tackle," 
all  of  which  was  contributed  from  their  stock.  This  collection  was  bought 
entire  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  deposited  in  the  National  Museum 
at  Washington,  to  illustrate  all  existing  methods  of  catching  fish.  Dame, 
Stoddard,  and  Kendall's  business,  probably  the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  this 
country,  stands  unquestionably  first  in  rank.  Its  customers  are  found  in 
every  State  and  Territory  of  the  Union.  The  firm  name  was  changed  to  its 
present  style  in  1882,  upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Bradford,  not  long  after  the 
death   of   Mr.  Anthony,  'which   occurred  in    1881.     The   partners   now  are 


35° 


KING'S  HANDBOOK  OF  BOSTON. 


Warren  S.  Dame,  O.  H.  P.  Stoddard,  and  Ralph  M.  Kendall,  all  of  whom 
have  been  connected  with  the  business  for  a  long  series  of  years. 

John  &  James  Dobson,  whose  carpet-warehouse  occupies  the  whole  of 
the  five-story  stone-front  building,  Nos.  525  and  527  Washington  Street,  are 
the  largest  carpet-manufacturers  in  the  world.     Their  immense  manufactory 
at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Penn.,  gives  employment  to  2,500  persons,  man- 
ufacturing daily,  on  an  average,  about 
25,000  pounds  of  wool  into  carpets  of 
every  grade,  from  the  finest   Moquets 
and  Wiltons  down  to  the  commonest 
ingrains.     They  keep  a  large  corps  of 
designers  constantly  at  work  producing 
new  patterns   and    designs ;    and   thus 
with  every  season  they  are  able  to  fur- 
nish rich  and  handsome  carpets,  always 
in  the  newest  styles.    They  are  the  only 
manufacturers  in  the  world  who  can  fur- 
nish a  retail  carpet-establishment  com- 
plete with  the  productions  of  their  own 
looms.     At  the  World's  Exposition  at 
Philadelphia  in  1876,  and  at  many  fairs 
and  exhibitions,  they  have  been  awarded 
the    premiums.      Their    manufactures, 
amounting    to    several    million    dollars 
yearly,  are  sold  throughout  this  country. 
Their  business  has  grown  to  such  an 
extent    that    they   have    opened    large 
wholesale   and   retail    houses    in    New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Cincinnati,  and  Bos- 
ton.    The  house  in  this  city  is  one  of 
the  largest,  neatest,  and  best-equipped 
in  the  carpet  trade  in  Boston;  and  the 
stock  it  contains  is  as  choice  and  com- 
plete as  that  of  any  house  in  this  line 
John  &  James  Dobson,  Washington  St.         jn  the   United  States.     It  was  opened 
by,  and  is  still  under  the  management  of,  Herman  S.  Judkins,  who  has  had 
many  years'  experience,  and  who  is  well  known  to  the  carpet-trade  and  to 
individual  buyers  of  good  carpets.     It  is  his  invariable  rule  to  gratify  all 
his  customers,  and  so  to  treat  them  that  they  will  be  his  constant  patrons; 
always  being  satisfied  that  so  far  as  quality,  prices,  terms,  and  accommoda- 
tions are  concerned,  they  cannot  do  better  than  they  can  through  him  as  the 
representative  of  the  great  manufactory  of  John  &  James  Dobson. 


INDEX  TO   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


FULL-PAGES. 

PAGE 

Andros  a  Prisoner  in  Boston      .                        ...                9 

Baptist  Church,  First .  177 

Boston  City  Hospital    ....                                 215 

Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  Station                              45 

Boston  Common 93 

Boston  English-High  and  Latin  School                  143 

Boston  Fire  of  1872 19 

Boston  University  School  of  Medicine 139 

Boston  Water- Works    .                73 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross 171 

City  Hall         .• 69 

Club-Houses     .        .     • 245 

Commonwealth  Avenue         .        . •  32 

Fairbanks,  Brown,  &  Co 3zl 

Forest-Hills  Cemetery 231 

Hotel  Brunswick. 59A 

Hotel  Vendome 58A 

Lothrop  &  Co.'s   (D  )  Building           ...                .        .                333 

Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association  Building 3°5 

Massachusetts  Homceopathic  Hospital             139 

Monuments  and  Fountains .105 

Monuments  and  Statues 101 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts .121 

Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co.'s  Building Titlepage 

New-England  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co.'s  Building Tulepage 

Old  South  Church,  The  New 159 

Old  State  House 83 

Parker  House 6oa 

Post-Office  and  Sub-Treasury  Building  ....  ....       Frontispiece 

Prang's  Publishing  House 329 

Public  Garden 95 

Public  Library 115 

Quarrel  between  Winthrop  and  Dudley 7 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.'s  Building 335 

Statues  in  Boston          ....                m 

Suffolk-County  Buildings 79 

"Traveller"  Building 83 

Trinity  Church 163 

Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad   Depot 45 

Macullar,  Parker,  &  Company's  Clothing  Establishment 310 

Map  of  Boston        ....  

SMALLER    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Adams  Nervine  Asylum 226 

AdamSj  Samuel,  statue  of no 

Advertiser,  the  Boston 280 

American  House 62 

Andrew,  Gov.,  statue  of 101 

Arlington-street  Church  .......  165 

Arlington  Street,  opposite  the  Public  Garden  .  30 

Army  and  Navy  Monument 103 


Army  and  Navy  Monument,  Charlestown 
Baldwin-place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers 
Beacon,  Beacon  Hill  ...  ... 

Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Depot 
Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad  Depot  . 
Boston  and  Maine  Railroad  Depot 
Boston  and  Providence  Railroad  Depot 
Boston  Art-club 


PAGE 

101 

203 

6 

42 

45 

5° 

40 

124 


33" 


352 


INDEX    TO    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Boston  Athenaeum 116 

Boston  Dispensary 220 

Boston  English-High  and  Latin  School      .     .  143 

Boston  Latin-School,  the  old 142 

Boston  Post  Building 283 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co.,  Maiden  ....  325 
Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co.,  Melrose  ....  326 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  ....  126 

Boston  Transcript  building      '. 282 

Boston  Yacht-Club  House,  City  Point  .     .     .  248 

Bowdoin-square  Baptist  Church 180 

Boylston  Market 297 

Brewer  Fountain 93 

Brown,  Joseph  T.  &  Co 341 

Bunker-hill  Monument 101 

Burn>  District 20 

Bussey  Institution,  Jamaica  Plain     ....  133 

Central  Burying-ground 93 

Central  Cong.  Church,  Jamaica  Plain  .  .  .  169 
Charity  Building  and  Temporary  Home    .     .  195 

Charles-river  Bridge,  Newton 73 

Chauncy-hall  School        147 

Chestnut-hill  Reservoir 73 

Children's  Hospital 217 

Children's  Mission 201 

Christ  Church 162 

Church  of  the  Advent,  new 176 

Church  of  the  Unity .     .  182 

Claflin  Guards  ...  .     .  .     .     20 

Coasting  on  Boston  Common        93 

Congregational  House    .     .  189 

Consumptives'  Home,  Grove  Hall    ....  218 

Court  House 79 

Custom  House 86 

Deer  Park 93 

Dobson,  John  &  James 349 

Dorchester  Heights  and  the  harbor       ...     11 

Dorchester  soldiers'  monument 105 

Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,  Highlands      .  173 

Emancipation  statue m 

Equitable  Life-Assurance  Society's  building  .  261 

Ether  Monument 95 

Everett  statue    ....  95 

Fanueil  Hall  and  Quincy  Market      ....  296 

First  Church 157 

First  house  in  Boston 6 

First  meeting-house  in  Boston 157 

Forest-Hills  Cemetery 231 

Fountain,  Blackstone  Square 97 

Fountain,  Union  Square,  105;  Chester  Square, 

105;  Sullivan  Square 105 

Franklin's  birthplace 10 

Franklin,  statue  of 101 

Frog  Pond,  Boston  Common 91 

Gate-house,  Chestnut  Hill 73 

Gate-house,  Parker  Hill 73 

Gateway  to  Granary  Burying-ground  .     .     .  228 
Geldowsky's  Furniture  Establishment        .     .  340 
German  Lutheran  Trinity  Church     ....  169 

Girls'  High  School      .  ...  .     .  14s 

Glover,  Gen.  John,  statue  of  .     .     .  .     .  101 

Hamilton,  Alexander,  statue  of iot 

Hancock  House 16 

Harvard  Medical  School 134 

Harvard  Monument 105 

Hogg,  Brown,  &  Taylor 327 

Home  for  Aged  Men 200 

Home  for  Aged  Women 199 

Horticultural  Hall 240 

House  of  the  Angel  Guardian 204 

Howard  Watch  and  Clock  Co 347 

King's  Chapel 161 


PAGE 

Lafayette's  lodgings 14 

Lake  Hibiscus,  Forest-Hills  Cemetery      .     .  231 

Lewando's  Dye-House 345 

Little,  Brown,  &  Co 317 

Macullar,  Parker,  &  Company     ...  .  310 

Macullar,  Parker,  &  Co.'s,  Hawley-St.  Front,  312 
Main  Entrance,  Forest-Hills  Cemetery      .     .  231 
Masonic  Temple     ...  .  ....  250 

Mass.  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  .  .  221 
Mass.  Charitable  Mechanic  Association     .     .  305 

Massachusetts  General  Hospital 212 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  .  .  140 
Mather  Tomb,  Copp's  Hill  .     ...  .     .  229 

Merchants'  Building 303 

Merchants'  Exchange 299 

Mount-Vernon  Church    .     .       ...  .     .  184 

Mutual  Life-Insurance  Co 260 

New-England  Conservatory  of  Music  .  .  .  149 
New-England  Historic-Genealogical  Society.  118 
N.E. Manufacturers' and  Mechanics' Inst.      .  307 

Noyes  Brothers'  Building 342 

Odd  Fellows'  Hall 251 

Old  Colony  Railroad  Depot 47 

Old  Elm  enclosure,  Boston  Common     ...     93 

Old  South  Church 158 

Organ,  Music  Hall 238 

Orphans,  Roman-Catholic  Home  for     .     .     .  202 

Paige's,  John  C,  Agency 265 

Park-street  Church 167 

Park-street  gate,  Boston  Common     ....    93 

Perkins  Institution  153 

Post-Office  and  Sub-Treas.  building,  Frontispiece 

Prescott,  Col.  William,  statue  of 111 

Probate  Office    .     .  79 

Public  Garden,  from  Arlington  Street  ...  95 
Public  Garden,  from  Boylston  Street     ...     96 

Quincy,  Josiah,  statue  of in 

Revere  House 63 

Seamen's  Bethel 207 

Second  Church,  Dorchester 181 

Second  Universalist  Church 183 

Shawmut  Congregational  Church  ....  186 
Soldiers'  monument,  Forest-Hills  Cemetery  .  231 

Somerset  Club  House 243 

Speakers'  desk 117 

State  House 81 

St.  Paul's  Church 166 

Suffolk  Club 245 

Suffolk  Jail 79 

Sumner,  Charles,  statue  of 112 

Sumner's  House 21 

Temple  Club     .  245 

Tremont-street  mall,  Boston  Common  ...  93 
Tremont-street  Methodist  Church     ....  174 

Tremont  Temple 239 

Tuttle's  (H.  H.  &  CoJ  shoe-store    ....  3^3 

Turnhalle 249 

Union  Building 271 

Union  Boat  Club 245 

Union  Club *45 

United  States  Hotel 61 A 

Venus  statue,  Public  Garden 95 

Waban  Bridge,  Needham 73 

Washington's  lodgings '3 

Washington's  statue 95 

Webster's  home,  site  of '3 

Wellesley  College,  Wellesley 136 

Wesleyan  Association  building 19° 

Williams  &  Everett,  art-gallery 320 

Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women  .  .  .198 
Winthrop,  Gov.  John,  statue  of  •  ....  in 
Young  Men's  Christian  Union 191 


INDEX  TO   TEXT. 


Abbott,  John  C,  266. 

ABC  Pathfinder,  293. 

Accidents,  Notable,  18. 

Ace  of  Clubs,  247. 

Actors'  Clubs,  247. 

Adams  House,  61. 

Adams,  Edward  A.,  55. 

Adams,  Nehemiah,  187. 

Adams  Nervine  Asylum,  225. 

Advent,  Church  of  the,  175. 

Advertiser,  the  Daily,  280,  281. 

Agricultural  papers,  294. 

Alexander  Hamilton  statue,  99. 

Alexis,  Grand  Duke,  17. 

Allan  Line  of  steamships,  55. 

Almshouse  for  girls,  Deer  Island,  196. 

Almshouse  for  male  paupers,  196. 

Almshouses,  196. 

American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  125. 

American  Architect,  330. 

American  Bank-note  Co.,  258. 

"  American  Board,"  the,  189. 

American  College  and  Education  Society,  150, 189. 

American  Cultivator,  294. 

American  Guide-Books,  330. 

American  House,  62,  301. 

American  Insurance  Co.,  263,  264. 

American  Library  Association,  151. 

American  Metric  Bureau,  150. 

American  Missionary  Association,  189. 

American  Peace  Society,  189. 

American  Teacher,  291. 

American  Writing  Machine  Co.,  190. 

Amencus  Club,  247. 

Ames  Manufacturing  Co.,  100. 

Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  54. 

Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Co.,  252. 

Andrew,  Gov.  John  A.,  17,  20,  99,  179;  statue, 

82,  101. 
Andrews,  C.  H.,  287. 
Antiquarian  Club,  247. 
Apartment-hotels,  list  of  prominent,  64. 
Apollo  Club,  128. 
Appalachian  Mountain  Club,  246. 
Archbishop's  Mansion,  170. 
Architect,  the  American,  330. 
Architects,  Boston  Society  of,  254. 
Area  of  Boston,  25. 
Aristides  statue,  100. 
Arlington  Club,  130. 
Arlington-street  Church,  165,  166. 
Arms  of  the  City,  37-56. 
Army  and  Navy  Monument,  22,  91,  102. 
Arnold  Arboretum,  90,  133. 
Art  and  Science,  119. 
Art  Club,  Boston,  124;  library  of,  119. 


Arteries  of  the  City,  27-36. 

Arthur,  President,  24. 

Art  School,  148. 

Associated  Charities,  Charity  Building,  196. 

Association  for  Destitute  Catholic  Children,  202. 

Association  Hall,  241. 

Athenaeum,  Boston,  114-116,  125. 

Athenian  Club,  246. 

Atkins,  George  D.,  324. 

Atlantic  Avenue,  33. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  23,  59. 

Austin  Farm,  West  Roxbury,  196. 

Australian  packets,  54. 

Babyland,  332. 

Back-bay  District,  25,  29-31. 

Bailey,  E.  C,  287. 

Baldwin-place  Home  for  Little  Wanderers,  203. 

Ball,  Thomas,  67,  82,  109. 

Ballou,  Hosea,  183. 

Ballon,  Maturin  M.,  289. 

Bankers  and  brokers,  list  of,  274. 

Banks,  269,  275. 

Baptist  Church,  First,  178T 

Baptist  societies,  offices  of,  239. 

Barnes  &  Dunklee,  60. 

Barrows,  Samuel  J.,  168. 

Bartlett,  C.  L.  &  Co.,  55. 

Bates,  Arlo,  291. 

Bath-houses,  public,  71. 

Beacon-hill  reservoir,  6,  75. 

Beacon,  the,  6,  8. 

Beethoven  statue,  238. 

Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  253. 

Benjamin  Franklin  statue,  67,  100. 

Berkeley-street  Church,  180. 

Bicknell's  educational  journals,  155,  291. 

Bijou  Theatre,  236. 

Bird,  Francis  W.,  293. 

Blackstone  Square,  96. 

Blaxton,  Rev.  William,  5. 

Blind,  School  for  the,  152. 

Board  of  Health,  211. 

Board  of  Trade,  the  Boston,  298,  299. 

Boffin's  Bower,  208. 

Bones  of  the  City,  227-233. 

Book-trade,  277. 

Boston  and  Albany  Railroad,  41-44. 

Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad,  43,  53. 

Boston  and  Maine  Railroad,  49,  50. 

Boston  and  Providence  Railroad,  40,  42,  43,  226. 

Boston   Asylum  and   Farm-school   for    Indigent 

Boys,  155. 
Boston  Athenaeum,  1 14-1 16,  125. 
Boston  Base-ball  Association,  248. 
Boston  Belting  Company,  20. 

353 


354 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


Boston  Book  Bulletin,  332. 

Boston  Chess  Club,  248. 

Boston  City  Hospital,  214. 

Boston  Clearing-house  Association,  276. 

Boston  College,  138. 

Boston  Common,  91. 

Boston,  Concord,  and  Montreal  Railroad,  43. 

Boston  Female  Asylum,  209. 

Boston  Fire-Underwriters'  Union,  263. 

Boston  Gas- Light  Company,  315. 

"  Boston  Journal,"  284. 

Boston  Latin-School  Association,  254. 

Boston  Library  Society,  119. 

Boston  Marine  Insurance  Company,  266. 

Boston  Massacre,  to,  86,  158,  286. 

Boston  Memorial  Association,  254. 

Boston  Microscopical  Society,  225. 

Boston  mutual  fire  and  marine  ins.  co.'s,  268. 

Boston  News-Letter,  278. 

Boston  Port  and  Seamen's-Aid  Society,  207. 

Boston  Post,  283. 

Boston  Press  Club,  246. 

Boston  Protective  Department,  72. 

Boston  Provident  Asso.,  Charity  B'ld'g,  197. 

Boston  Public  Schools,  141-145. 

Boston,  Revere  Beach,  and  Lynn  Railroad,  51. 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Company,  325. 

Boston  Seaman's  Friend  Society,  208. 

Boston  Sewing  Circle,  Charity  B'ld'g,  196,  207. 

Boston,  Sketch  of  the  Historv  of,  5-27. 

Boston  Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  224. 

Boston  Society  of  Decorative  Art,  125. 

Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  125. 

Boston  Society  of  Architects,  254. 

Boston  Stock  Exchange,  276. 

"  Boston  tea-party,"  n,  53,  158. 

Boston  Tennis-Club,  246. 

Boston  Theatre,  233,  234. 

Boston  University,  136-138. 

Boston  University  Law  School,  137. 

Boston  University  School  of  Medicine,  137,  220. 

Boston  Water- Power  Co.,  30,  123.    ' 

Boston  Yacht  Club,  247. 

Bowditch,  Nathaniel,  256. 

Bowdoin  Square,  27. 

Bowdoin-square  Baptist  Church,  180. 

Boylston  Club,  128. 

Boylston  Market,  297,  208. 

Boylston  Medical  Society  of  Harvard  Univ.,  224. 

Boylston  Museum,  237. 

Boylston,  Ward  N.,  297. 

Bradstreet's  Improved  Mercantile  Agency,  314. 

"  Bradstreet's"  journal,  314. 

Brain  of  the  City,  131-157. 

Branch  libraries,  public,  114. 

Brewer  Fountain,  91. 

Bridge  from  West  Chester  Park  to  Cambridge, 

proposed,  31. 
Bridges  in  and  around  Boston,  12,  13,  34. 
Brighton  district,  principal  drives,  34. 
"  Brighton  road,"  29. 
Brighton  soldiers'  monument,  109. 
Brooks,  Phillips,  165. 
Brown,  Joseph  T.  &  Co.,  341. 
Brunswick,  Hotel,  58-60. 
Buckingham,  Joseph  T.,  291. 
Budget,  Sunday,  291. 
Bumstead  Hall,  238. 
Bunker-hill  centennial  celebration,  21. 
Bnnker-hill  Monument,  22,  106,  112. 
Bureau  of  Credits,  281. 
Bureau  of  Debts  and  Debtors,  281. 
Burns  Riot,  16. 


Bussey  Institution,  133. 
Bussey,  Benjamin,  133,  166. 
Butler,  William  S.,  &  Co.,  344. 

Cadets,  252. 

Cafes,  65. 

Call,  Edward  P.,  281. 

Calvary  Cemetery,  230,  232. 

Carney  Hospital,  216. 

Carpets,  349. 

Casino,  308. 

Cathedral  cf  the  Holy  Cross,  169-171. 

Catholic  Apostolic  Church,  173. 

Catholic  cemeteries,  230,  232. 

Catholic  schools  and  convents,  154. 

Cattle-Fair  Hotel,  Brighton,  64. 

Cecilia  Society,  128. 

Cemeteries  in  the  city  proper,  227. 

Central  Burying-ground,  228. 

Central  Charity  Bureau  and  Temporary  Home, 

„     V-i  J95- 

Central  Church,  167. 

Central  Club,  244. 

Central  Cong.  Church,  Jamaica  Plain,  168. 

Central  Lunch  Club,  253.  « 

Central  Wharf,  52. 

Channing  Home,  219. 

Channing,  W.  E.,  165. 

Charitable  Irish  Society,  206. 

Charity,  Sisters  of,  203,  216,  217. 

Charles-river  Embankment,  89. 

Charles-street  Jail,  87. 

Charles  Sumner  statue,  109. 

Charlestown,  5. 

Charlestown  Almshouse,  196. 

Charlestown  Burial-ground,  229. 

Charlestown  district,  parks  in,  98. 

Charlestown,  principal  avenues  in,  33. 

Charlestown  soldiers'  and  sailors'  monument,  107. 

Chauncy-hall  School,  147. 

Chester  Square,  96. 

Chestnut-hill  reservoir,  74,  90,  98. 

Children's  Friend  Society,  208. 

Children's  Home,  Home  for  Aged  Females,  200. 

Children's  Hospital,  217. 

Children's  Miss,  to  Children  of  the  Destitute,  201. 

Children's  Sea-shore  Home,  218. 

Christ  Church,  Salem  Street,  161,  228. 

Christian  Register,  the,  168. 

Churches  in  Boston,  denominational  list  of,  193. 

Church  Green,  301. 

Church  Home  for  Orphans  and  Destitute,  202. 

Church  of  the  Advent,  175. 

Church  of  the  Advent,  the  new,  175,  176. 

Church  of  the  Disciples,  179. 

Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  172. 

Church  of  the  Messiah,  188. 

Church  of  the  Unity,  182. 

City  government  of  Boston,  14,  70. 

City  Hall,  67-71,  100,  109,  142. 

City  Missionary  Society,  189,  210. 

City  officials,  70. 

City-Point  Park,  90. 

Civil  Service  Reform  Club,  246. 

Civil  War,  16. 

Clapp,  Otis,  &  Son,  346. 

Clapp,  W.  W.,  280,  285,  290. 

Clark,  John  S.,  328. 

Classical  schools,  Private,  154. 

Clement,  Edward  H.,  282. 

Clubs  in  Boston,  243. 

Cochituate  water  introduced,  15,  94;  Lake,  74. 

Codman,  Dr.  John,  181. 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


355 


Coffee-houses,  66. 

Coliseum,  17. 

College  of  Agriculture,  of  Boston  University,  137. 

College  of  Music,  of  Boston  University,  136. 

Collins,  Jennie,  208. 

Columbus-avenue  Universalist  Church,  183,  184. 

Columbus  statue,  100. 

Commerce  of  Boston,  52. 

Commercial  Bulletin,  the  Boston,  292. 

Commercial  Colleges,  154. 

Commercial  Exchange,  the  Boston,  300. 

Commercial  Point,  316. 

Common,  Boston,  10,  91-94. 

Commonwealth  Avenue,  29,  31,   57,   58,   97,  98, 

100,  178. 
Commonwealth,  Boston,  292. 
Congregational  House,  189,  190. 
Congregationalism  the,  189. 
Congregational  Library,  118. 
Congregational  Publishing  Society,  189. 
Conservatory  of  Music,  148. 
Consumptives'  Home,  218. 
Continental  Clothing  House,  23. 
Convents,  154. 
Converse,  E.  S.,  325. 
Conway,  M.  D.,  292. 

Co-operative  Society  of  Visitors  among  Poor,  209. 
Copp's-hill  Burying-ground,  228. 
Correctional  institutions,  88. 
County  Court  House,  87. 
Courant,  278. 
Courier,  the  Boston,  290. 
Courtney,  F.,  166. 
Cowley  Fathers,  176. 
Crawford  House,  64. 
Criminals,  noteworthy,  16,  18.  19 
Cunard  Line  of  steamships,  15,  53,  54. 
Curtis  Hall,  Jamaica  Plain,  108,  242. 
Custom  House,  86. 

Deaf,  School  for,  155. 

Debt  of  Boston,  26. 

Decorative  Art,  Boston  Society  of,  125. 

Deeds,  Registry  of,  88. 

Dental  schools,  134. 

Devens,  Gen.,  22,  23. 

Dexter,  Hon.  Samuel,  15. 

Diet-kitchens,  219. 

Dining-clubs,  60,  61. 

Directors  for  public  institutions,  70,  196. 

Disabled  soldiers  and  sailors,  aid  to,  199. 

Dispensaries,  220,  221. 

Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Children,  221. 

Dispensary  for  Diseases  of  Women,  221. 

Dispensary,  the  Boston,  219. 

Dispensary,  the  Charlestown,  220. 

Dispensary,  the  Roxbury,  220. 

Dobson,  John  &  James,  349. 

Dorchester  Cemetery,  232. 

Dorchester  district,  interesting  features  of,  33,  34. 

Dorchester  Heights,  12. 

Dorchester  Medical  Club,  225. 

Dorchester,  parks  in,  98. 

Dorchester  soldiers'  monument,  107. 

Doric  Hall,  State  House,  82. 

Draft  Riot,  16. 

Drama  in  Boston,  233. 

Druggists'  Association,  the  Boston,  225. 

Dudley-street  Baptist  Church,  173. 

Dudley-street  Opera-house,  237. 

Dudley,  Thomas,  6. 

Duelling,  10. 

Duryea,  J.  T.,  167. 


Dwight's  Journalof  Music,  127. 

East  Boston,  principal  thoroughfares  in,  33,  53. 

Easl-Boston  reservoir,  75. 

East  Boston,  squares  in,  97. 

Eastern  Railroad  Company,  49. 

Educational  institutions,  13'. 

Educational  periodicals,  291. 

Education,  bi-monthly  magazine,  155. 

Electric  light  introduced,  23. 

Elevated-railroad  system,  36. 

Eliot  School,  146. 

Eliot's  grave,  232. 

Elks,  253. 

Ellis,  Dr.  George  E.,  24. 

Ellis,  F.  M.,  168. 

Emancipation  Group,  no. 

Embargo,  13. 

Emerson  School,  146. 

English-High  and  Latin  School,  142. 

Equitable  Building,  261,  262. 

Equitable  Life-Ass  11  ranee  Soc.  of  N.  Y.,  261. 

Ether  monument,  102. 

Evangelical  Advent  Church,  174. 

Evans,  Thomas  C-.,  240. 

Evening  High  School,  154. 

Everett,  Edward,  178;  statue,  99. 

Everett  National  Bank,  258. 

Exports,  53. 

Fairbanks,  Brown,  &  Co.,  320. 

Fall-River  Line  steamers,  47. 

Faneuil  Hall,  80,  295 

Faneuil-hall  Market,  the  new,  67,  295. 

"  Father  Taylor's  "  chapel,  206. 

Fellowes  Athenaeum,  114. 

Ferries,  15. 

Ferrm,  Charles  B.,  63. 

Financial  Institutions,  The,  269-276. 

Fire-alarm  telegraph,  72. 

Fire  and  marine  insurance,  262. 

Fire  department,  71. 

Fires,  8,  15,  18,  24. 

First  bank  in  America,  269. 

First  church,  157. 

First  Cong.  Society  of  Jamaica  Plain,  184. 

First  meeting-house  in  Boston,  157. 

First  newspaper,  8,  277. 

First  settler  in  Boston,  5,  27. 

First  tavern  in  Boston,  57. 

First  theatre  in  Botson,  12. 

Fish  Bureau,  the  Boston,  300. 

Fitchburg  Railroad,  48,  49,  51,  53. 

Fitz,  Eustace  C  ,  299 

Flagstaff  Hill,  Boston  Common,  91. 

Florence  silk,  324. 

Foley,  Margaret,  337. 

Forest-hills  Cemetery,  229. 

Fort  Independence,  88. 

Fort  WarrenJ  88 

Fort  Winthrop,  88. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  278. 

Franklin's  birthplace,  8;  statue,  100. 

Franklin  Buildings,  334. 

Franklin  Square,  96. 

Free  Hospital  for  Women,  222. 

French-flat  system  of  dwellings,  64. 

French  restaurants,  66, 

Frog  Pond,  91. 

Frost  &  Dearborn's  restaurant,  65. 

Garrison's  Funeral,  23. 
Gaugengigl,  I.  M.,  348. 


356 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


Geldowsky  Furniture  Co.,  340. 

General  Theological  Library,  119. 

Genesee-street  School,  146. 

German  Lutheran  Trinity  Church,  169. 

German  musical  societies,  129. 

Gilmore,  P.  S.,  17. 

Girls'  High  School,  145. 

Globe  Theatre,  the,  234,  235. 

Globe,  the  Boston,  289,  290. 

Glover  statue,  100. 

Goddard,  Delano  S.,  278,  281. 

Good  Times,  292. 

Gore,  Gov.  Christopher,  15. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the,  22,  251. 

Grand  Junction  Railroad,  39,  41,  53. 

Grant,  Gen.  U.  S.,  17,  59. 

Great  Fire,  18,  76,  158. 

Great  Organ,  238. 

Green,  Dr.  Samuel  A.,  8,  14. 

Greene,  Col.  Charles  G.,  283. 

Hale,  Edward  Everett,  185. 

Hale,  Nathan,  281. 

Halleck's  Alhambra,  237. 

Halls  in  Charlestown;  242. 

Halls  in  East  Boston,  242. 

Halls,  public,  in  and  near  Boston,  242. 

Hamilton  statue,  99. 

Hancock  House,  the  old,  16. 

Hancock,  John,  12,  17.  _ 

Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  127. 

Harvard  Dental  School,  134. 

Harvard  Medical  School,  134. 

Harvard  Monument,  106. 

Harvard  Musical  Association,  127,  238. 

Harvard-street  Baptist  Church,  182. 

Harvard  University,  15,  22,  90,  104,  131-135. 

Haskell,  Daniel  M.,  282. 

Haskell,  E.  B.,  287. 

Haven,  Franklin,  270. 

Hawthorne  Rooms,  241. 

Hayes,  President,  22,  59. 

Haynes,  Tilly,  62. 

Hazewell,  C.  C,  286. 

Heart  of  the  City,  the,  195-211. 

Heliotype  Printing  Co.,  330. 

Herald,  the  Boston,  287-289. 

Herford,  Brooke,  166. 

Highland  district,  streets  in,  33. 

Highland  Street-railway  Co.,  35. 

Hilliard,  W.  H.,  337. 

Historical  Sketch,  5. 

Hogg,  Brown,  &  Taylor,  327. 

Hollis-street  Church,  166. 

Hollis,  Thomas,  166. 

Holmes's  (O.  W.)  Birthday,  23. 

Home  for  Aged  Colored  Women,  198. 

Home  for  Aged  Men,  199.' 

Home  for  Aged  Poor,  197. 

Home  for  Aged  Women,  199. 

Home  Guardian,  the,  monthly,  205. 

Homoeopathic  Hospital,  138. 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Dispensary,  220. 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  Boston,  224. 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Society,  Mass.,  224. 

Homoeopathic  Pharmacy,  346. 

Hook  &  Hastings,  170,  172,  239,  322. 

Hoosac  Tunnel  Dock  and  Elevator  Company, 

Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf,  155. 

Horace  Mann  statue,  82,  99. 

Horticultural  Hall,  240. 

Hospitaller  Hall,  242. 

Hospitals  and  dispensaries,  211. 


209. 


Hospital  of  the  Public  Institutions,  219. 

Hotel  Boylston,  64. 

Hotel  Brunswick,  22,  23,  24,  58-60. 

Hotel  Pelham,  64. 

Hotels  and  Restaurants,  57-66. 

House  of  Correction,  70,  88. 

House  of  Industry,  70,  88. 

House  of  Reformation  for  Girls,  70,  88. 

House  of  the  Angel  Guardian,  204. 

House  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  217. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  208. 

Hovey,  William  A.,  282,  291. 

Howard  Athenaeum,  237. 

Howard,  E.  J.,  299. 

Howard  Watch  and  Clock  Co.,  347. 

Howells,  William  D.,  331. 

Huntington  Hall,  140. 

Ilsley,  D.  P.  &  Co.,  343. 
Immaculate  Conception  Church,  172. 
Imports,  53. 

Independence  Square,  97. 
Industrial  Aid  Society,  Charity  Building, 
Industrial  Design  School,  140,  150. 
Industrial  School  for  Girls,  205. 
Industrial  Temporary  Home,  199. 
Infant  School  and  Children's  Home,  202. 
Insurance  companies,  statistics  of,  267,  268 
Insurance  Offices,  254-268. 
Investigator  Hall,  241. 
Israelitish  cemetery,  232. 


Jackson,  Andrew,  15. 

Jacob  Sleeper  Hall,  137. 

Jail,  county,  87. 

Jamaica  Plain,  133,  168,  184,  201. 

Jamaica  Pond,  74. 

James,  G.  B.,  291. 

Jenny  Lind  in  Boston,  16,  48. 

Jesuits,  138. 

John  A.  Andrew  Hall,  242. 

John  Glover  statue,  31,  100. 

John  Hancock  Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company, 

258, 
John  Winthrop  statue,  112. 

Journal  of  Education,  N.E.  and  National,  155, 201. 
Journal,  the  Boston,  284. 
Judkins,  Herman  S.,  350. 
Juvenile  magazines,  291. 

Kendall,  Samuel  E.,  65. 
Kimball,  Moses,  no. 
King's  Chapel,  24,  160,  161,  227. 
King's  Chapel  Burying-ground,  227. 
Kirk,  Edward  N.,  184. 
Knights  of  Honor,  250. 
Knights  of  Pythias,  250. 
Knights  Templars,  250. 

Lacrosse  Club,  the,  249. 

Ladies'    Co-operative    Visiting    Society,   Charity 

Building,  209. 
Ladies'  Relief  Agency,  Charity  Building,  209. 
Lafayette,  13,  14. 
Lamb  Inn,  61. 

Latin-School,  the  Boston,  142. 
Latin-School  Association,  the  Boston,  254. 
Latin-School  for  Girls,  145. 
Lewando's  Dye-house,  345. 
Leyland  Line,  55. 
"  Liberty  Tree,"  10. 
Library  Association,  151. 
Library  Journal,  the,  151. 


INDEX   TO    TEXT. 


357 


Life-insurance  in  America,  256. 

Lincoln  Square,  97. 

Lmd,  Jenny,  16,  48. 

Literary  clubs,  247. 

Literary  World,  the,  189. 

Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  277. 

"  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,"  197. 

Livermore,  Mrs.  M.  A.,  22. 

"  Long  walk,"  the,  92. 

Long  Wharf,  52. 

Lothrop,  D.,  &  Co.,  291,  331. 

Lotus  Glee  Club,  130. 

Lowell  family,  212. 

Lowell  Institute,  140,  150. 

Lowell,  John  A.,  &  Co.,  348. 

Lowell  Square,  97. 

Lumber-Dealers'  Association,  302. 

Lunatic  Hospital,  Boston,  219. 

Lungs  of  the  City,  89-112. 

Lutheran  Church,  169. 

Lying-in  Hospital',  Boston,  219. 

Lynn  and  Boston  Railroad,  36. 

Macaroni  Club,  247. 

Macdonald  &  Sons,  332,  334. 

Macullar,  Parker,  &  Co.,  309-3T4. 

Magee,  James  P.,  190.  » 

Malbone,  E.  G.,  15. 

"  Manifesto  Church,"  178. 

Mann,  Horace,  statue,  82,  99. 

Manufactory  House,  242 

Marcella-street  Home  for  boys,  196. 

Marine  Park  at  City  Point,  proposed,  90. 

Marine  Society,  the  Boston,  306. 

Marine  Underwriters,  the  Boston  Board  of,  306. 

Mariners'  House,  207. 

Markets,  298. 

Markets  and  Exchanges,  295-308. 

Mason  Building,  349. 

Masonic  Temple,  80,  250. 

Massachusetts  Central  Railroad,  31,  44,  45. 

Mass.  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  221. 

Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association, 
237,  240,  297,  303. 

Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy,  154,  224. 

Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  211. 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  8,  116. 

Massachusetts  Home  Missionary  Society,  189. 

Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital,  138,  214. 

Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  232,  240. 

Mass.  Hospital  Life-Insurance  Company,  23,  256. 

Massachusetts  Infant  Asylum,  201. 

Mass.  Institute  of  lechnology,  58,  138,  232. 

Mass.  joint-stock  fire  and  marine  ins.  co.'s,  267. 

Mass.  Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  of  Boston,  275,  276. 

Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  222,  223. 

Massachusetts  mutual  fire  and  marine  insurance 
companies,  Boston,  268. 

Massachusetts  Normal  Art  School,  148. 

Massachusetts  Ploughman,  294. 

Massachusetts  School  for  Idiotic  and  Feeble- 
minded Youth,  155. 

Mass.  Soc.  for  Aiding  Discharged  Convicts,  206. 

Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Animals,  209. 

Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Children,  210. 

Mather  Tomb,  229. 

Matignon,  Father,  230. 

Maverick  House,  64. 

Mayors  of  Boston,  list  of,  14. 

McLean  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Somerville,  212. 

Mechanics'  Exchange,  302. 


"  Mechanics'  Fair,"  303. 

Mechanics'  Hall,  the  new,  240. 

Medical  Association,  Boston,  224. 

Medical  Examiner,  223. 

Medical  Library  Association,  Boston,  117. 

Medical  Schools,  134,  137. 

Meeting-house  Hill,  98,  168. 

Memorial  History  of  Boston,  278,  330. 

Mercantile  Library  Association,  253. 

Mercantile  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Co.,  264. 

Merchants'  Association,  the  Boston,  306. 

Merchants'  Exchange  and  Reading-room,  298,  299. 

Merchants'  National  Bank,  269. 

Merrill,  Moses,  142. 

Methodist  Theological  Seminary,  137. 

Metric  Bureau,  150. 

Metropolitan  Railroad  Company,  35. 

Metropolitan  Steamship  Line,  56. 

Middlesex  Railroad  Company,  36. 

Militia  of  Massachusetts,  the,  252. 

Mill-dam,  the,  29. 

Mind  of  the  City,  113-131. 

Miner,  A.  A.,  184. 

Mining-stock  Exchange,  306. 

Mission  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help, 

172. 
Montgomery  Square,  97. 
Moody  and  Sankey,  22. 
Morgues,  the  Old  and  the  New,  223. 
Mount-Auburn  Cemetery,  232. 
Mount-Benedict  Cemetery,  232. 
Mount-Hope  Cemetery,  230. 
Mount- Vernon  Church,  184. 
Munson,  Norman  C,  30,  44. 
Museum  of  Arts,  Institute  of  Technology,  138. 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  120-124. 
Museum,  the  Boston,  235. 
Musical  societies  of  Boston,  127-130. 
Music  Hall,  the  Boston,  21,  127,  238. 
Mutual  Benefit  Life-Ins.  Co.,  N.J.,  260,  261. 
Mutual  Life-Insurance  Company  of  N.Y.,  259. 
Mystic  water-works,  73,  76. 

Nassau  Hall,  242. 

National  banks,  complete  list  of,  273. 

National  Peace  Jubilees,  the  two,  17. 

National  Revere  Bank  of  Boston,  270. 

National  Webster  Bank,  258. 

Natural  History,  Society  of,  125. 

Natural  History,  Warren  Museum  of,  126. 

Needlewoman's  Friend  Society,  207. 

New-England  Conservatory  of  Music,  148,  149. 

New-England  Farmer,  294. 

New-England  Female  Medical  College,  r37. 

New-England  Furniture  Exchange,  301,  302. 

New-England  Hist,  and  Gen.  Register,  118. 

New- England  Historic-Genealogical  Soc,  118. 

New-Eng.  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  216. 

New-England  House,  64. 

New-England  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute, 3t,  307,  308. 

New-England  Moral  Reform  Society,  205. 

New-England  Mutual  Life-Ins.  Co.,  91,  257. 

New-England  Scandinavian  Benevolent  Soc,  206. 

New-England  Woman's  Club,  246 

New-Jerusalem  Church  Society,  188. 

Newspapers,  8,  278. 

New- York  and  Boston  Despatch  Express  Co., 
338. 

New- York  and  New-England  Railroad,  50. 

Nonotuck  Silk  Company,  324. 

Norfolk  House,  64. 

North-End  Mission,  Boston,  210. 


358 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


Normal  Art  School,  148. 

Normal  School,  Boston,  143. 

Norsemen  statue  and  fountain,  proposed,  109. 

North-American  Steamship  Line,  55. 

Notre  Dame  Academy,  154. 

Noyes  Brothers,  342. 

Oakland  Garden,  237. 

Ober's  restaurant,  66. 

Obstetrical  Society,  225. 

Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  250. 

Old  Boston,  sketch  of,  24. 

Old  Charlestown  Burial-ground,  229. 

Old  Colony  Railroad,  46-48,  6ia. 

Old  Corner  Bookstore,  277. 

Old  Elm,  92. 

Old  Granary  Burying-ground,  227,  228. 

Old  South  Church,  n,  89,  158-160. 

Old  South  Church,  the  new,  160. 

Old  State  House,  24,  67,  82/84-86. 

Olympian  Club,  237. 

Organized  charities,  195. 

Organs,  322. 

Orpheus  Musical  Society,  129. 

Osborn,  Gen.  F.  A.,  21. 

Osgood,  James  R.,  &  Co.,  330,  331. 

Otis,  Harrison  Gray,  12. 

Our  Lady  of  Perpetilal  Help,  172. 

Our  Little  Men  and  Women,  332. 

Our  Little  Ones,  292. 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,  71. 

Paddock  elms,  the,  228. 
Paige,  John  C,  265. 
Paine  Memorial  Hall,  241. 
Paint  and  Clay  Club,  125. 
Paintings,  320,  337,  349. 
Palmer,  Bachelder,  &  Co.,  337. 
Palmer,  B.  P.,  290. 
Pansy,  332. 
Papanti  s  Hall,  242. 
Papyrus  Club,  247. 
Park  Commissioners,  91. 
Parker,  Col.  Henry  G.,  290. 
Parker  Fraternity,  188. 
Parker,  Harvey  D.,  60. 
Parker-hill  Reservoir,  75. 
Parker  House,  60,  247. 
Parker  Memorial  Hall,  188,  241. 
Park-street  church,  24,  167,  232. 
Park  Theatre,  235. 
Parks  and  squares,  public,  89-98. 
Parks,  proposed  series  of,  89,  90. 
Parochial  schools,  154. 
Patriotism  of  Boston  in  the  Rebellion,  16. 
Peabody's  Australia,   New-Zealand,  and  South- 
Africa  packets,  54. 
Penitent  Females'  Refuge  and  Bethesda  Soc,  204. 
People's  Church,  175. 

Perkins  Inst,  and  Mass.  School  for  Blind,  152. 
Pharmacy,  College  of,  154. 
Phelps,  Franklin  S.,  &  Co.,  300. 
Philharmonic  Society,  129. 
Pierce,  S.  S.,  &  Co.,  13. 
Pierian  Sodality,  127. 
Pilgrim  Hall,  242. 
Pilots,  56. 

Police-department,  72. 

Police  Relief  Association,  Charity  Building,  210. 
Pollard,  Ann,  6. 
Polk,  President,  15. 
Pope  Manufacturing  Co.,  339. 
Population  of  Boston,  12,  20,  26. 


Post,  the  Boston  Daily,  8,  283,  284. 

Postal  statistics,  80. 

Postmasters,  list  of,  80. 

Post  Office,  76-79. 

Prang,  L.,  &  Co.,  328,  329. 

Prescott  statue,  112. 

Prince,  Mayor,  22,  23. 

Prince  of  Wales,  16. 

Prince  School,  146. 

Private  charities,  195. 

Private  schools,  147,  154. 

Probate  Office,  87. 

Produce  Exchange,  the  Boston,  300. 

Provident  Institution  for  Savings,  275. 

Province  House,  24,  28. 

Public  Buildings,  67-88. 

Public  Garden,  94. 

Public  Library,  113,  253. 

Public  Schools,  the  Boston,  141-145. 

Pulse  of  the  City,  211-226. 

Pulsifer,  R.  M.,  287. 

Quincy  House,  64. 

Quincy,  Josiah,  statue,  67,  102,  109. 

Quincy  Market,  67,  296,  297. 

Railroad  Business  of  Boston,  37,  51,  52. 

Railway  Clearing-house  Association,  51. 

Rand,  Avery,  &  Co.,  294,  334,  335. 

Raymond's  School  of  Oratory  and  Elocution,  iS 

Redfern,  B.  F.,  324. 

Registry  of  Deeds  for  Suffolk  County,  88. 

Restaurants  and  cafes,  65. 

Revere  House,  63,  247. 

Rice,  Alexander  H.,  14,  103,109. 

Richardson,  Hill,  &  Co.,  271,  272. 

Rinks,  237. 

Ritualistic  churches,  178. 

Rockwell  &  Churchill,  336. 

Rogers,  Prof.  W    B.,  140. 

Roman-Catholic  Seminary,  154. 

Roxbury  Burying-ground,  232. 

Roxbury  Carpet  Company,  189. 

Roxbury  Charitable  Society,  197,  220. 

Roxbury  district)  parks  and  squares  in,  97,  98. 

Roxbury  Latin  School,  152. 

Roxbury  soldiers'  monument,  108,  230. 

Rubber-shoe  Company,  the  Boston,  325. 

Rumford  medals,  125. 

Russell,  P..,  286. 

Russia  Wharf,  53. 

Ryan,  J.  W.,  291. 

Safe-deposit  vaults,  258,  261,  274,  275. 

St.  Augustine  Cemetery,  230. 

St.  Botolph  Club,  244. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  222. 

St.  James  Hotel,  149. 

St.  John's  Church,  169. 

St.  Joseph's  Home,  203,  222. 

St.  Luke's  Home,  222. 

St.  Mary's  Infant  Asylum,  218. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  80,  166.  232. 

St.  Vincent's  Orphan  Asylum,  202. 

Salaries  of  city  officers,  70. 

Samuel  Adams  statue,  no. 

Sanborn,  Frank  B.,  293. 

Sanitary  condition  of  Boston,  211. 

Saturday  Club,  247. 

Saturday  Evening  Gazette,  the,  285,  290. 

Saturday-morning  Club,  247. 

Savings  banks,  274. 

School,  New  High,  142. 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


359 


School  of  All  Sciences  of  Boston  University,  137. 

School  of  Industrial  Design,  140. 

School  of  Industrial  Science,  Inst.  Technology,  140. 

School  of  Mechanic  Arts,  Inst.  Technology,  140. 

School  regiment,  the  Boston,  252. 

Schools,  131. 

Scollay's  Building,  17. 

Scollay  Square,  17,  23,  35. 

Scots'  Charitable  Society,  205. 

Scott,  Gen.  W.,  15. 

Seaman's  Friend  Society,  Boston,  208. 

Second  Church,  179. 

Second  Church,  Dorchester  district,  181. 

Secret  societies,  250. 

Sewers,  public,  in  Boston,  211. 

Sewing  Circle,  the  Boston,  207. 

Shawmut,  5. 

Shawmut  Congregational  Church,  186. 

Shaw  statue,  109. 

Shipping  interests  of  Boston,  52. 

Shoe  and  Leather  Exchange,  301. 

Shoe  and  Leather  Insurance  Company,  266. 

Simmons  Female  College,  150. 

Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  154. 

Skating-rinks,  237. 

Slack,  Charles  W.,  293. 

Social  Law  Library,  87. 

Social  Side  of  the  City,  233-250. 

Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  Boston,  224. 

Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  Roxbury,  225. 

Society  for  Medical  Observation,  Boston,  224. 

Society  of  Arts,  Inst,  of  Technology,  138. 

Society  of  Medical  Sciences,  Boston,  225. 

Society  of  Natural  History,  Boston,  58,  119,  125. 

Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  203. 

Society  to  Encourage  Studies  at  Home,  151. 

Somerset  Club,  243. 

Somerset-street  Baptist  Church,  178. 

"  Sons  of  Liberty,"  10. 

Soul  of  the  City,  157-194. 

South  Boston,  12. 

South-Boston  Medical  Club,  225. 

South-Boston  Railroad,  36. 

South- Boston  reservoir,  75. 

South  Boston,  street-system  of,  33. 

South- Boston  Yacht-Club,  248. 

South  Congregational  Church,  185. 

Spelling  Reform  Association,  151. 

Stanwood,  Edward,  281. 

Star,  the  Daily  Evening,  290. 

State  House,  6,  12,  16,  81-84,  99. 

State  Library  of  Massachusetts,  82,  117. 

State  Mutual  Life-Assurance  Company,  212. 

State  Street,  286. 

Statues,  98-1  r2. 

Steam-railroads,  introduction  of,  37. 

Steam-tugs,  56. 

Stevens,  B.  F.,  257. 

Stevens,  Paran,  63. 

Street-railroads,  statistics  of,  36. 

Street-railway  system,  35. 

Streets  in  modern  Boston,  28-34. 

Streets  in  old  Boston,  27,  28. 

Streets,  length  and  cost  of,  34. 

Studies  at  Home,  151. 

Sudbury-nver  water,  75. 

Suffolk  Club,  244. 

Suffolk-county  Jail,  87. 

Summer-garden  theatres,  237. 

Sumner,  Charles,  20,  82,  103,  109. 

Sumner  statue,  109. 

Sunday  Budget,  the,  291. 

Sunday  newspapers,  290,  291. 


Superintendent  of  schools,  141. 
Supervisors  of  schools,  141. 
Swedenborgian  Church,  188. 
Symphony  concerts,  127. 

Tabernacle,  the,  22. 

Taft,  E.  A.,  338. 

Tappan,  John  G.,  20. 

Taverns,  57. 

Taylor,  Col.  Charles  H.,  290. 

Technology,  Institute  of,  138. 

Temple  Club,  243. 

Temple,  Union,  168. 

Temporary  Home  for  the  Destitute,  200. 

Tennis  Club,  246. 

Theatres,  12,  15,  234-237. 

Thomas  Park,  97. 

Thursday  Club,  247. 

Ticknor,  George,  14. 

Ticknor,  William  D.,  330. 

Time-ball,  the,  261. 

Tompkins,  Orlando,  233,  234. 

Tongue  of  the  City,  the,  277-292. 

Tourje'e,  Dr.  Eben,  22,  148. 

Training-school  for  Nurses,  City  Hospital,  155. 

Transcript,  the  Boston  Evening,  281,  282. 

Traveller,  the  Boston  Evening,  285. 

Tremont  House,  62. 

Tremont-street  Methodist-Episcopal  Church,  174. 

Tremont  Temple,  168,  239. 

Trimountain,  5. 

Trinity  Church,  162-165. 

Trust  companies,  complete  list  of,  274. 

Tufts  College,  76,  138. 

Turner-Zeitung,  the,  249. 

Turnhalle,  the,  249. 

Turnverein,  the  Boston,  130,  249. 

Tuttle,  Henry  H.  &  Co.,  323. 

Twenty-eighth  Congregational  Society,  188. 

Tyler,  President,  15. 

Union  Athletic  Club,  249. 

Union  Boat-Club,  247. 

Union  Church,  187. 

Union  Club,  244. 

Union  Freight  Railway,  48. 

Union  Hall,  241. 

Union  Park,  96. 

Union  Railway  Company,  36. 

Union  Safe-deposit  Vaults,  275. 

Union  Temple  Church,  168. 

United-States  Court  House,  80,  250. 

United-States  Custom  House,  86. 

United-States  Hotel,  6ia,  62. 

United-States  Navy  Yard,  80. 

United-States  Postroffice  and  Sub-treasury,  76-79. 

United-States  signal-service  station,  2ji. 

Universalist  Church,  Second,  183. 

Universalists,  138. 

University  Club,  246. 

Ursuline  Convent,  burning  of,  15. 

Valuation  of  Boston,  26. 
Vendome,  the,  Hotel,  31,  32,  57-59. 

Wait's  Hall,  South  Boston,  242. 

Wales,  Thomas  C,  326. 

Walker  Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  225. 

Walnut-avenue  Congregational  Church,  185. 

Ward's  description  (in  1699),  8. 

Warren  Anatomical  Museum,  135. 

Warren,  Judge  G.  W.,  22. 

Warren  Museum  of  Natural  History,  126. 


360 


INDEX    TO    TEXT. 


Warren  Line,  56. 

Warren,  William,  235. 

Washington,  George,  12,  17. 

Washingtonian  Home,  225. 

Washington  Market,  298. 

Washington  statue,  82;  equestrian  statue,  98. 

Washington-Village  Yacht-Club,  248. 

Water,  75,  76. 

Webster,  Daniel,  13,  6ia;  statue,  99. 

Webster,  Prof.  John  W.    16. 

Wednesday-evening  Club,  247. 

Wellesley  College,  135. 

Wesleyan  Association  building,  190. 

Wesleyan  Hall,  241. 

West-Chester  Park,  31. 

West  Church,  174. 

West-Roxbury  district,  streets  of,  34. 

West-Roxbury  Park,  90. 

West-Roxbury  soldiers'  monument,  108. 

Wharves,  52,  53. 

White-star  Line,  55. 

Whittier,  John  G.,  23. 

Whittier  Machine  Company,  58,  59,  240,  318. 

Wide-awake,  291,  331,  332. 

Wilder,  Marshall  P.,  103,  118. 

William  Prescott  statue,  112. 


Williams  &  Everett,  319,  320. 

Winchester  Home  for  Aged  Women, "198. 

Windsor  Theatre,  237. 

Winslow's  grave,  Admiral,  230. 

Winslow,  Ezra  D.,  18,  20,  283. 

Winthrop  Congregational  Church,  185. 

Winthrop,  John,  6. 

Winthrop,  Robert  C,  112, 117. 

Winthrop  statue,  23,  112. 

Withrow,  J.  L.,  167. 

Wolcott,  Col.  J.  W.,  31,  S8. 

"Woman's  Board,"  the,  189. 

Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  22. 

Woodlawn  cemetery  in  Everett,  232. 

Worcester  Square,  96. 

Worcester,  Thomas,  188. 

Worthington,  Roland,  285. 

Vacht-CIubs,  247. 

Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society,  206. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Boston,  191. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Union,  Boston,  190,  241, 

249- 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  192. 
Young's  Hotel,  61. 
Youth's  Companion,  the,  291. 


This  book  is  a  preservation  photocopy. 

It  is  made  in  compliance  with  copyright  law 

and  produced  on  acid-free  archival 

60#  book  weight  paper 

which  meets  the  requirements  of 

ANSI/NISO  Z39.48-1992  (permanence  of  paper) 

Preservation  photocopying  and  binding 

by 

Acme  Bookbinding 

Charlestown,  Massachusetts 


2003 


BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  9999  04988  658  1