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A LADY'S DIARY
SIEGE OF LUCKNOW.
WRITTEN FOR THE PERUSAL OF FRIENDS
AT HOME.
NEW EDITION.
HZ
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
1858.
The right of Translation is reserved.
X-H3T IO
,3
H3
J4ENRY MORS'
STEPHENS
LONDON PRIKTRD BT W. OLOWKS AND SONS, OTAMKORP RHR.
AND CHARING CROSS.
PREFACE.
The writer of the following Journal arrived at
Lucknow with her husband in March, 1857 — only
a few weeks before the Sepoy outbreak. The an-
nexed extracts from a subsequent letter point out
the precise circumstances under which this record,
of events so painfully interesting, was kept. As no
lady's diary has hitherto been given to the public,
the friends of the writer have thought that it might
interest others, beyond the family circle, to com-
municate additional information on a subject in
which the British nation feels so deep an interest.
" I have kept a rough sort of journal during the
whole siege, often written under the greatest diffi-
culties—part of the time with a child in my arms,
or asleep on my lap ; but I persevered, because I
knew if we survived you would like to live our siege
511618
o
IV PREFACE.
life over in imagination, and the little details would
interest you ; besides the comfort of talking to you.
For the first month (July) we had so little hope of
escape, that I did not feel as if you would ever
receive it ; so you will find the records rather bare ;
but such as it is, I shall send it, if possible, by post,
for I know you will like to have it. I have found
in my desk two June letters also, which I will send
you." — Allahabad, December 14, 1857.
NOTICE TO SECOND EDITION.
Here and there a verbal alteration has been made,
and an inaccuracy corrected. One or two short
passages from the manuscript journal, omitted in
the First Edition, have been inserted; and an
extract from a recent letter of the Authoress, which
it is thought may be both of interest and service
to truth, has been added at the end of the book.
Otherwise this is amply a reprint
CONTENTS.
May 15 to 28, 1857.
Insurrection and murders in Delhi — Kising at Meerut — Alarm
at Lucknow — Insurgents repulsed at Meerut — State of
Delhi and Meerut — Assembling of European troops — Revolt
at Roorkee — Neglect of military authorities at Meerut —
King of Oude — Alarm for Cawnpore — Great heat — Fire
at Lucknow — Movements of troops — Removal from can-
tonments to the Residency — Rising at Allyghur — Suspense
concerning Cawnpore — Regimental mutinies — Arrests —
Continued suspense Page 1
May 31 to June 27.
Insurrection at Lucknow — Officers murdered — Atrocities of
Sepoys — Cawnpore besieged — Fugitives from Seetapore —
Outbreak at Secrora — Mutiny of military police — Life in
Lucknow — Massacre at Shahjehanpore — Conduct of native
servants — Bad news from Cawnpore — Murder of officers —
Massacre at Sultanpore — Murder by an English sergeant —
Refugees from Futtyghur murdered — State of Lucknow —
Cholera — Letter from General Wheeler — Injustice of the
annexation of Oude — Expected assault — Fear of treachery
— The Seikhs — Officers' precautions — Progress of siege of
Cawnpore — Rumoured fall of Delhi • — ■ Rebel camp — Suf-
ferings at Cawnpore — Escapes . . . . 30
VI CONTENTS.
June 30 to September 25.
Siege of Lucknow commenced — Casualties — Sir H. Lawrence
mortally wounded — His deathbed — Blowing up of the
Muchee Bhowan Fort — Domestic arrangements of the Tye
Khana — Deaths from disease — Events and casualties of
the siege — Advance of General Havelock, and retreat to
Cawnpore — Prevalence of cholera and diarrhoea — Births
- during the siege — Great mortality among children — In-
formation from a prisoner — Expected relief by Sir J.
Outram — Numbers of the opposing forces . . . . Page 73
September 26 to November 9.
ge continued — Arrival of relief : its insufficiency — Massacre
at Jhansi — Mines discovered — Troops expected from Eng-
land • — Ruinous state of the town — Number of casualties —
Reduction of rations — Details of the Cawnpore tragedy —
News from England — Movements of troops — Submission of
a native rajah — Attack on the Alumbagh — Rebels defeated
at Agra — Arrival of Delhi column at Cawnpore — Further
relief confidently expected — Attempt to reach the Alum-
bagh 119
November 10 to December 1.
Siege continued — Arrival of Sir Colin Campbell at the Alum-
bagh — The approaching crisis — The Martinicre taken —
Communication established between the two forces — Orders
to evacuate Lucknow — Departure — Secunderabad — En-
campment at Dilkoosha — News from England — Engage-
ment with the enemy — March to the Alumbagh — Reports
concerning English prisoners — Bunnee — Encampment near
Cawnpore — Arrival at Cawnpore — The enemy in great
force — Condition of tho town 153
CONTENTS. vn
December 2 to 28.
Cawnpore : Sir H. Wheeler's entrenchments — Futtypore —
Railway journey to .Allahabad — Comfort of rest — Kind-
ness of the inhabitants — The Relief Fund — School-keeping
— : Christmas — Statements of a Baboo concerning the
rebels Page 181
Supplementary Letters 201
A LADY'S DIARY
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW.
La Martini&re, May 15.
4 p.m. — Since writing to you this morning such
awful news has come, that I still feel paralysed with
horror. There has been an insurrection in Delhi,
and the Chief Commissioner (Mr. Fraser), Captain
Douglas, Mr. and Miss Jennings, have all been
murdered in cold blood. The news came by electric
telegraph. No particulars are known, nor even the
extent of the insurrection ; or who have risen, whether
people or Sepoys. They have cut the telegraph
wires between Delhi and Meerut, and destroyed a
bridge to prevent the passage of troops. At Meerut
there was a rising among the native troops, on
Sunday evening, when several Europeans were
-5 A LADY'S DIARY OF
killed and wounded: the rebels showed fight till
they had received a volley from the Rifles, and then
they all ran away ; but there are no particulars, so
we know not how many English have lost their lives.
There has been no post for four days from up country,
and we are in complete ignorance of what horrors
may be going on. Poor ! poor Captain Douglas !
— or rather, one's heart should bleed for his miser-
able wife, who little knows now that she will never
look upon his face again in this world.
May 16.
I was interrupted yesterday ; but you may well
fancy we can think of nothing but the dreadful
tidings. No post in from Delhi, nor any further
news by telegraph. I cannot describe our horrible
state of anxiety, alarm, and gloom. These are fear-
ful times, and it seems as if our tenure of India hung
by a thread ; for if the native army turns against us,
nothing humanly speaking can save us. We must
trust to God, and hope for the best We are for-
tunate in having such a man as Sir H. Lawrence
at the head of affairs here; and European artil-
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. o
lery as well as a Queen's regiment. The stoppage
of post is most alarming ; no one knows what to
think. Poor Miss Jennings ! she was by all accounts
such a very nice dear girl, the comfort and delight
of her father's life. I have heard it was beautiful
to see the two together. Mrs. Jennings is in Eng-
land, educating her younger children, and this poor
girl came out to be her father's companion about a
year and a half ago I do so wish we could
know about Mrs. Douglas : such a sweet creature, and
so fondly devoted to her husband : how I do grieve
for her ! he was such a noble-hearted Christian
gentleman, respected and liked by all ; his valuable,
useful life to be sacrificed to those bloodthirsty vil-
lains, it seems too dreadful. You must not feel over
anxious I don't think I should have told
you all this, only you will see it in the papers.
Every precaution is taken for our safety here, but at
present all is quiet ; and we trust such a due degree of
severity will be used, in time, as shall prevent further
mischief : the great mistake has been not overawing
the Sepoys at first. There have been three regiments
disbanded, and the men turned loose on the country
to foment ill-feeling ; whereas, if the first which
B 2
4 ' A LADY'S DIARY OF
mutinied had been annihilated with grape-shot,
there would have been an end of tumult, and many
lives saved. You can only rule these Asiatics by
fear : if they are not afraid, they snap their fingers
at you.
From the Writer's Husband.
Lucknow, May 18, 1857.
G. has I know written to you very fully as
usual, but I wish to send a few lines also, particu-
larly as I feel that the news probably taken home
must make you all anxious. I really have hope we
may ride over the crisis yet ; there does not seem to
be perfect combination amongst the alien troops, and
hence the chance for us. It is certainly fearful to
know that this, humanly speaking, is our only hope.
The number of European troops in this country
would, in case of a general insurrection, only go to
swell the death list; yet, as I said before, it is
hoped that this may be averted ; our great trust
i,< in prayer to the Almighty, who can help in time
of peril, and save by few as well as by many.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. &
Every human precaution has been taken here, and the
troops are as yet firm ; we cannot say what these
horrible reports may do towards rousing their
enmity. I imagine a few days must, at all events,
put us out of this horrible suspense. We are con-
centrated as much as possible, and, being warned,
shall, at any rate, not be surprised. As communi-
cation with other stations is cut off, we have no
certain news of what is occurring elsewhere. I fear
everybody at Delhi is murdered. Poor Mrs.
Douglas! her being away has saved her child'
which else would not have been — for children,
women, and even half-castes were sacrificed. The
insurgents were repulsed at Meerut, but in the first
surprise many were cut off. You must all try and be
trustful, as we do ; God has given us a good chief
in Sir H. Lawrence, and I believe everything is
being done to avert peril. I shall try and get the
people to come to morning-prayer at church. I
went down to city church last night (Sunday),
leaving G. much against her will with C, but am
sorry to say the people congregated at the Resi-
dency did not come. I believe the Meerut massacre
began as people left church, so, perhaps, this had
o A LADY'S DIARY OF
some effect in keeping them away, but there really
was no danger to them, as the church is within the
Residency compound, and there are one hundred
and fifty Europeans on guard. I had to go through
the crowded streets alone after dark, and met with
no molestation, but I thought it best to refuse a
guard which was pressed on me (and in whom, by-
the-bye, / had no confidence), and to sneak back to
cantonments. You may be sure I will not expose
myself to unnecessary danger, if only for dear G.'s
sake. She is, thank God ! well, and more resigned
about her great sorrow.* To-day ought to bring us
our letters from home, but this awful state of things
scarcely allows us to hope it. If the Europeans in
this country now survive the insurrection, I should
suppose the Government will at last see the necessity
of sending, at least, twenty thousand troops to keep
the alien army in check — these have now felt their
power, and can never be trusted again. God bless
you all, and may He mercifully preserve us through
this emergency, to meet you again in England !
* Her Father's death.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 7
Cantonments, Lucknow, May 18, 1857.
How I grieve for the heartsickening anxiety I
know you will all suffer on our account when the
terrible news this mail will take home reaches you !
It seems so cruel to add to your great sorrow by
telling you of our dangers; but as you are sure
to see all that has happened and is dreaded in the
papers, we think you will like best to hear from us
the worst as far as we know.
At Delhi the people rose in the city, and it
seems were joined by the Sepoys ; so have murdered
every European there, Captain Douglas, Mr. and
Miss Jennings, Mr. Fraser (Chief Commissioner),
the Judge, the bankers, post-office and newspaper
people, shopkeepers, clerks, writers, even women
and children, and half-castes — all who had European
blood in their veins. Among the slain is a Mr.
Mocatta, a very great friend of F. F.'s, who we
met at Lahore, and who was staying with Mr.
Jennings on his way to England, to join his wife
and six children, whom he had sent home before
him. Poor Mrs. Jennings and Mrs. Douglas are
both in England, and we fear there will be nothing
8 A LADY'S DIARY OF
to soften the shock to them. Delhi is in the hands
of the insurgents, and no post could go out from
there, even if there were a survivor to write : all we
know is from electric telegraph by way of Agra, so
that if I were to write to Mrs. Douglas I could
tell her but the bare horrible facts; and there is
every aggravation to the horror of the awful afflic-
tion, for the dead bodies of our countrymen at
Delhi are being exposed to insult in the streets, and
there is no one to give them Christian burial. At
Meerut last Sunday night the 3rd Cavalry and
three native Infantry regiments rose, set fire to the
officers' bungalows, and murdered them with their
wives and children as they tried to escape : so ut-
terly unprepared were they for such a catastrophe,
that all the Native Infantry and Cavalry lines were
in a blaze before the Rifles, 6th Dragoons, and
English Artillery could be brought to the rescue.
At the first volley from the Rifles the insurgents ran
away to add to the horrors perpetrated at Delhi
only thirty miles off. There are rumours of risings
all over the country, at Benares, Allahabad, Feroze-
pore, Moultan, &c. ; but these are only reports, and
almost every hour we hear rumours of fresh horrors
THE SIEGE OF LTTCKNOW. ' v
to add to our terror. God only knows what the
end will be, or if the lives of any English in the
country will be spared. All this discontent and
mutinous spirit among the Sepoys has been going
on some time, but Government has shut its eyes to
and laughed at it, till now it may be too late. As
yet everything here is -perfectly quiet, and every pre-
caution, as far as human means, has been taken for
our safety. The 32nd has been brought up to
garrison cantonments, and all the ladies and chil-
dren are come up here from the city; we came
yesterday morning and are with C* The Sepoy
regiments here are supposed to be faithful, and
everything is being done to secure their allegiance.
Sir H. Lawrence is a most able man — we could
not have a better head, and every one is on the
qui vive, but our best security is to pray that the
danger may pass, and that the troops marched to
the rescue of Delhi may take such signal vengeance
as shall overawe any attempt at further outbreak ;
but there is no doubt that this is a most fearful
crisis, and that the life of every European here is in
* Her cousin, Lieutenant Barwell, 71st N.I.
10
A LADY'S DIARY OF
great jeopardy : the city is quiet at present, but fears
of a rising are great. The natives have all such
a defiant, impertinent manner, as if they knew their
power, and turn round and scowl at us as they pass.
Oh ! mother, mother darling ! these are fearful
times. Pray for us, dearest. God only can help
us. It is very awful to feel this terrible danger
hanging over us ; it may come at any moment. It
would be impossible to describe the state of appre-
hension we are in and the gloom that hangs over us.
Do not be frightened for us, you dear ones, but, oh,
pray for us, that we be accepted for our blessed
Saviour's sake, when he sees fit. It is a great mercy
that we have warning. Darling mother, pray that
we may be spared to come back and see you ; but
in any case, and above all, commend us to God.
If it be His will, He can confound the devices of our
enemies, and we shall weather the storm. I am so
grieved for your anxiety — but you cannot be saved
from hearing about . . . I am so loth to leave
off writing and say good bye ; but what more can I
say ? We are all well, and in as good and brave
spirits as we can be.
Do not be very much alarmed if you do not hear
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. H
from us next mail, for communication is so uncertain,
I cannot feel sure that even these letters will reach
you. The insurrection has been put down at Allaha-
bad, and we have just heard the Calcutta mail is in.
[Then follow greetings to many loved ones, both
friends, relations, and servants, evidently thinking it
might be the last letter.]
Lucknow, May 20, 1857.
How anxiously will you all be looking out for the
next mail ! Thank God, all is still quiet, and the
Sepoys seem to be faithful and well behaved at
present, though, of course, no one can feel confidence
in them, the disaffection seems so general ; and their
plots have been carried on so secretly, that till they
broke out into open mutiny they were not suspected.
It is a great blessing that we have such a firm, well-
judging chief in Sir H. Lawrence, who is vigilance
itself, and is doing all that man can do to ensure our
safety : hitherto, by God's help, he has succeeded in
preserving calm here in the midst of great danger.
We are earnestly hoping now that the crisis may
pass and leave us unhurt. An army of eight Eu-
12
A LADY'S DIARY OF
ropean regiments and a large force of artillery, with
the Commander-in-Chief at their head, was to
assemble on the 18th at Kurnaul, and will arrive at
Delhi to-morrow to take summary vengeance on the
miscreants who are now triumphant masters of the
city.
It is impossible to describe the horror of the last
few days, every hour bringing dreadful intelligence.
Poor young Campbell MacNabb was one of those
murdered at Meerut, on Sunday, 10th, in the 3rd
Cavalry ; poor fellow ! that was the first regiment
that mutinied. Captain and Mrs. Macdonald and
their children, 20th Native Infantry (we knew them
at Peshawur), were murdered ; the poor babies
snatched out of their parents' arms, and cut to
pieces before their eyes. This morning tidings
came of the revolt of the Sappers and Miners at
Roorkee, near Meerut, and of one of the officers,
Captain Fraser (husband to her of the Blenheim),
being shot through the head. Some of the officers
and their wives in the cantonments at Delhi, it is
hoped, have escaped ; but no hope of those in the
city. We saw a letter from an officer at Meerut,
giving an account of the insurrection. General
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 13
Hewett, who commanded the division, is under
arrest ; he seems to have done nothing to stop it ; and
with 2500 European soldiers in the place, atrocities
were allowed to go on from four o'clock Sunday
afternoon till Tuesday morning, without any effec-
tual opposition; and the insurgents actually per-
mitted to march off with flying colours to Delhi on
the 12th, where they went to the heir apparent,
proclaimed him king, and being joined by the city
people, and three regiments of Native Infantry,
proceeded with their massacre. Yesterday there
was a false report that the 71st had risen : the
32nd and Artillery were all under arms imme-
diately ; the Brigadier and Sir H. Lawrence went
down to the lines in the heat of the day, but found
all quiet. Overtures have been made from this
place to the King of Oude, offering to restore him
to the throne, but he very sensibly laid the whole
before Government, for which he deserves to be
well rewarded. If we can only hear in a few days
that the wretches in Delhi have been punished, we
may hope that, for the present, our fearful danger is
over : but all say that our Indian empire trembles
in the balance, and very, very nearly had we lost it :
14 A LADY'S DIARY OF
such a combination against us has never been known
in the annals of its history, and never again can a
native army be trusted. The native corps will have
to be reduced to a small number, and European
regiments raised to take their place, as the only
chance of retaining the country. Yesterday we had
the great happiness of receiving our home letters.
May 21st, Ascension Day.
There is terrible fear now that something is wrong
at Cawnpore. The 2nd Cavalry have been some
time suspected of disaffection ; and last night Sir H.
L. received despatches, which are kept a profound
secret. No one knows what has happened, which
makes us all the more anxious and nervous. Every
time we hear the slightest noise — loud voices, a horse
galloping by, a gun fired, or any calls to see C,
and they speak in an under-tone — one's heart is in
one's mouth. The excitement will be terrible if bad
news from Cawnpore should be confirmed. The
depot of the 32nd is there, and most of the women
and children ; and the poor soldiers would be frantic
if they suspected their families were in danger.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 15
There would be no holding them. Their indignation
already is intense at the murders of helpless women
and children that have occurred at Meerut and Delhi.
They are frantic to avenge them ; so Sir H. L. is
quite right to be close ; but it greatly increases our
suspense being thus kept in the dark. No news has
come for eight days from Delhi ; but it is known
that several officers and ladies have escaped from
cantonments; two arrived at Meerut disguised as
natives. We saw a gentleman yesterday, Mr.
Martin, who knew Campbell MacNabb, and told us
every one liked him very much, and that at the
outbreak he did his duty nobly — he went down
at once to the lines to try and bring the men to
order, and was immediately shot.
This morning I went with J. to the Residency
church in the city. The congregation consisted of
two people besides myself, which just enabled J. to
administer the communion. Is it not dreadful that
in these times of terror and danger people will not
come for help where only it can surely be found ?
The church is inside the Residency compound, in
which all the Europeans of the city have taken
refuge, with a battery of artillery and 150 of the
16 A LADY'S DIARY OF
32nd to defend them, so that they could run no more
risk in church than inside the houses, and yet none
come. It was just the same last Sunday. At this
church there were not above a dozen people. It
does seem so very strange, and frightens one more
than anything ; for it seems almost daring the
Almighty to show us how utterly useless all our
human means of defence are, by thus trusting to
them, and neglecting to seek Him who alone can
succour us. The .prayer in times of War and
Tumult is now always used in church, as well as in
our private devotions, and is most applicable to our
present condition. It seems to come so much more
home now than at the time of the Russian war, when
I used to think it did not seem quite suitably ex-
pressed. Last Sunday James gave the Holy Com-
munion in the barracks, Colonel Inglis having made
an urgent request it might be administered there
once a-month. The regimental school is much re-
duced, owing to the absence of the greater portion
of the 32nd regiment. Mrs. Inglis took great pains
with it, and had the children at her own house on
Sundays. It is such a rare thing in this country to
find ladies interesting themselves about the poor
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 17
women and children ; but the Inglises, from what I
hear of them, must be excellent people.
This is frightful weather for Europeans to be
marching on service. How I pity the poor fellows !
but they say excitement will keep them up, and
prevent them suffering much. All the regiments
from the hills are sent for, 75th from Kassowlie
amongst others. They had just settled themselves,
as they thought, for a three years' sojourn in the
Himmalayas, and now most likely will never go
back, as no regiments will be spared to recruit
themselves in the mountains, at all events till very
strong reinforcements come from England to keep
the peace in the plains. So perhaps there will be no
Dagshaie for us after all (supposing we are spared) ;
but, indeed, one does not look forward for ever so
short a time, much less months. Hour by hour none
can tell what may happen. Sir H. Lawrence has
been made Brigadier-General, so that in this emer-
gency he may possess full military as well as civil
authority. His post is a fearfully responsible one ;
he must be nearly worn out, taking no rest, and his
mind constantly on the stretch. Those who under-
stand them say that his conduct and all his arrange-
c
18 A LADY'S DIARY OF
ments have up to the present time been perfect, and
as yet not a sound of disturbance has been raised in
these parts. C. is nearly worked to death now as
acting Brigadier-Major.
May 22.
We were very much frightened last night by a
fire, so very close to this house, that it seemed as if
nothing could save it. The stables and outhouses
of Captain Green, of the 48th, were burnt down ;
but, providentially, the wind, which has been blowing
a gale this way all day, had subsided, and the flames
were prevented extending. The blaze was awful,
and it is supposed to have been done on purpose.
Several bungalows were in great danger. The
thatch is so combustible, the least spark sets it in
a blaze. At Umbala incendiarism has been going
on at a furious rate, and numbers of houses de-
stroyed. J. went to the Residency this morning in
the city : all the sick soldiers, the women and chil-
dren are there, in a state of great alarm, poor
things ! so many false reports get about and frighten
people more than there is cause for. There was a
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. li>
placard stuck on to the Residency gates last night
in Hindostanee, calling upon all true people to rise
and exterminate the Feringhees, and invoking
curses on those who should help us. A pleasant
sort of publication !
Everything, however, in city and cantonments
continues outwardly quiet. The troops are expected
to be at Delhi to-day. Queen's 84th have been
sent up to Cawnpore from Calcutta in post-carriages,
and will arrive to-morrow. There is no news to-day
from any place. A company of the 32nd, some
guns, and an Irregular cavalry regiment, were sent
oif to Cawnpore in the middle of the night before
last ; so there must be mischief there, but we know
no particulars. We are hoping in a few days order
may be restored, and we able to return in peace to
our quarters in the Martiniere, and resume our quiet
life. But can you conceive the folly of having no
European troops at Cawnpore, and only one regi-
ment in Oude — a country of which we have so
lately taken unjust possession, and where a rebellion
might have been expected any day ? Again, at Delhi,
not a single European soldier within thirty miles.
However, I should think the lesson now given won't
c 2
20 a LADY'S DIARY OF
be forgot in a hurry, and that the defences of India
will not again be confided to native troops.
Tuesday, May 26.
Yesterday, at 3 o'clock a.m., we were roused by
C. telling us to get up and dress ready for flight at
the shortest notice. He had been sent for to the
brigadier's, and great alarm prevailed, as the dif-
ferent guards were going to be changed, and then
a rising was feared. Of course, we got up and
dressed as expeditiously as possible, waiting C.'s
return in fear and trembling. He came back at
five with the longest and gravest face, announcing
that it was Sir H. L.'s most peremptory order that
every woman and child should leave cantonments
immediately, and take refuge in the city Residency-
house, which is fortified, barricaded, and provisioned
for a regular siege. C. said the precaution was
most necessary, as we were in frightful danger, and
the horrors of Meerut and Delhi might at any
moment overtake us, so we were not to delay. Poor
Emmie was, as you may imagine, dreadfully upset
at the idea of being sent away, and leaving Charlie
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 21
to encounter such peril. The officers of the native
regiments are to remain in the lines, and do all they
can to keep their men quiet ; but, if the outbreak
takes place, they are to retreat with the 32nd on
the Residency ; and here we are to try and hold
out as long as possible, till European troops come
to our rescue. I do feel so sorry for E. and C,
and so thankful that my dear husband's duty does
not separate him from me. We put together all
the things we had with us, and Emmie all her valu-
ables, as quickly as we could, and came down here
at once. On arriving we found all in such con-
fusion at the Residency, all the unfortunate ladies
and children hunting for quarters, that we were
most thankful to accept an invitation from kind Dr.
Fayrer to come to his house in the Residency com-
pound ; and here we are an immense party of un-
protected females, Mrs. Fayrer and I being the
only ladies who have the comfort of our husbands.
Besides E. and myself, there are here Mrs. Dash-
wood and her two children, Mrs. and Miss Halford,
Mrs. Germon, Miss Schilling, Mrs. Thomas and
child, Mrs. Anderson, and Mrs. Stanley Clarke.
There are two civilians, Mr. Gubbins and Mr.
22 a LADY'S DIARY OF
Ommanney, whose houses attached to the Residency-
are also full to overflowing, and all the other ladies,
about thirty in number, with children innumerable, ,
are in the Residency, which also contains the sick
and women and children of the 32nd. We have
two companies of the 32nd and a battery of artillery
to defend us, besides barricades erected at all the
entrances and guns mounted all round the walls.
E. and I have a small room together, and think our-
selves most lucky in being so comfortable. In the
Residency there are as many as eight and nine
ladies with a dozen children in one room, and the
heat is awful. J. sleeps in Dr. Fayrer's study.
The reason of our all being packed off here in such
a tremendous hurry was that the news from Cawn-
pore and other stations round was so alarming. An
outbreak was expected every moment, and the effect
of revolt at Cawnpore would be instantaneous
mutiny at Lucknow. Sir H. L. did not impart
all he knew, and we are kept in utter ignorance of
what is going on in other parts of the country, but I
believe our condition is frightful, and God only
knows what the end of it will be. The panic in
Calcutta they say is terrible. Native regiments
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 23
there and at Barrackpore* are mutinous to the heart's
core ; and if European troops do not soon come to
our relief, there will be none perhaps left alive to
tell the tale. Every station in the country is in
equal danger. At Allyghur the 9th Native Infantry
had the consideration to spare their officers' lives.
They were permitted to escape, leaving all their
property behind them. Lady Outram (the wife of
Sir James, who is in Persia) was staying with her
son at Allyghur, and obliged to run several miles,
fleeing for her life. We are all most anxiously
looking for news from Delhi : the army must have
arrived yesterday, and we trust such a signal ven-
geance will be taken on the desperate wretches who
have shut themselves up there as shall intimidate
any from attempting to follow their example. This
seems to be our only hope ; and if General Anson
does not act with vigour, we shall be at the mercy
of our enemies. Oh, my darling sister! you can
little imagine what an awful position we are in, but
God can help us. He only can. Since we left
cantonments there has been no disturbance. C.
came over this morning to see E., and reported all
quiet and news good from Cawnpore. They were
24
A LADY'S DIARY OF
in hope the rising there would not take place ; the
troops had not actually mutinied, though in a very
excited state. Part of the 84th (Queen's) will arrive
this evening, and that gives us fresh hope and
courage. The ladies at Cawnpore have taken
refuge in the church, which is the only stone build-
ing, consequently not so easily set on fire. Oh ! the
accounts of the massacre and burnings at Meerut are
something too horrible and make one's blood run
cold. The murder of the unfortunate women was
not enough ; they were made to suffer worse than
death, and numbers of little children were brutally
killed. The Punjab seems quiet, and no alarm felt
there, — at least so the papers say ; but we have not
had a line from any of our friends, and feel really
anxious about F. F. at Lahore, for I think he would
have written ; but then the posts are so uncertain,
his letter may be lost. I am in an agony of fright
that our last letters home may have been lost. I
shall send this by Calcutta. Nothing has been
heard of the harmoniums, which are very likely lost,
as neither property nor persons are safe travelling.
If they don't arrive we shall be out of pocket 100/.,
but one really cannot think of pecuniary losses now,
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 25
when if we only save our lives we must be thankful.
Yesterday we were all a very sad, panic-stricken
party, besides being completely overcome with the
heat ; but as no bad news came to-day, all are better,
and the sound of the piano has been heard in the
drawing-room. It is thundering, and if only rain
would fall it would be a blessing, as if the thatched
roofs of the bungalows were well soaked it might
save the cantonment from fire. I shall never forget
the alarm we had on Sunday night in church.
Several shots were fired, and all felt sure the out-
break had come. Several officers left the church.
J. went on with the prayers in a firm voice, though
he thought, as we all did, that our last hour might be
near. Soon all was quiet, and the fright we had
was caused by the Mussulmans having seen the new
moon, which terminates their long fast the Ramazan
and commences a great festival. At the first
glimpse caught of the moon they fire off a feu de joie.
I hear such a storm now, the rain pouring ; never
was it more welcome.
26 a LADY'S DIARY OF
May 27.
Yesterday afternoon a telegraphic message from
Cawnpore. Still quiet there, and some of the 84th
expected that evening at Ferozepore. Two Native
Infantry regiments had mutinied, but were instantly
surrounded and overpowered by our old friends the
10th cavalry (Captain Harvey's regiment), who
behaved right loyally. At Lahore a regiment
mutinied and were marching off to join those at
Ferozepore, but were fired into and disarmed by the
other troops of the station, and no officers lost their
lives. This news is cheering, as it shows the dis-
affection is not universal. Yesterday Dr. F. and J.
rode to cantonments, and brought back news that
three wretches had been captured in the 13th Native
Infantry lines trying to incite the men to revolt.
One of the native officers invited them into his house
and kept them in talk while he gave warning to the
European officer on duty, who immediately came
and had them secured. They are emissaries from
Delhi. I think they are all to be hung to-day, but
there is some hesitation about it, for our position is so
weak that they hardly dare do anything which might
i
THE SIEGE OF LTTCKNOW. 27
provoke a rising, and at Cawnpore, where a villain
was caught doing the same thing, they have not
ventured to put him to death, for they knew his
execution would have been the signal for an imme-
diate outbreak, and the life of every European there
would have been the forfeit. I think nothing speaks
so much for our defenceless state as this. No news
to-day — we are so anxious to hear of the fate of
Delhi. This morning Miss Schilling, J., and I
went to the top of the Residency to see the view,
which is wonderful. I never saw a more beautiful
panorama, — the whole of Lucknow spread out below
us, with its innumerable fine buildings, gardens,
gilded domes, and tall minarets — it was an enchant-
ing sight, and the air so fresh and lovely. Dr. and
Mrs. Fayrer, our host and hostess, are very kind
people ; they are quite a young couple and have one
cherub of a baby boy eleven months old, who is the
plaything of us all — he is the image of Murillo's
St. John the Baptist in the National Gallery. The
heat is so dreadful 1 cannot write more. The piano
has been going to-day a good deal ; several of those
here sing and play well ; I think I shall go and
listen. I forgot to tell you the harmoniums arrived
28
A LADY'S DIAEY OF
this morning from Calcutta and are stowed away in
the church ; I am so glad they came safe. We are
awfully punished here by late dinners and noise ;
but the poor things in the Residency are miserably
uncomfortable compared to us. We are close
prisoners, cannot go beyond the walls, but as all
continues quiet still we are hoping to be allowed
this evening a drive to cantonments. It must be a
tremendous expense to those kind Fayrers entertain-
ing so many people.
May 28.
I must close this to-day, as I intend sending by
Calcutta, not being sure of the up country post. I
heard from this morning : she says the panic
in Calcutta is frightful : what would we not all give
to be safe in England ! We drove to cantonments
this morning, and took E. to pay C. a visit, but were
not allowed to stay long. Our danger is still most
imminent ; the city is in an awfully excited state, and
Sepoys ditto ; but at present no open outbreak. All
the officers and European soldiers are getting worn
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 29
out with the harassing duty, and as for Sir H. L.
it is little short of a miracle how he keeps up, for he
gives himself scarcely a moment's rest night or day.
His measures are all to gain time for European
troops to come up to our relief before anything
occurs. Messages were received last night contain-
ing good news from Cawnpore and other doubtful
places, which remain peaceful by the good provi-
dence of God, for no one can understand how it is
that the threatened rising at Cawnpore did not take
place. I grieve for your state of suspense and anxiety,
but we are all hoping now that the fearful crisis is
nearly over, and that He who has hitherto so merci-
fully preserved us will yet bring us safely through
the danger. No English letters ; we are beginning
to get anxious for their safety ; but there has been
no post from Lahore for twenty days. No news yet
from Delhi. The natives have a report in the city
that we have been beaten ; but this I doubt not
originates in their own hopeful imaginations : most
anxiously do we long for the real news. It is so
painful to see that poor dog Bustle panting — he
suffers dreadfully in this weather : poor old dog ! I
should be grieved to lose him ; he has shared all our
30 a LADY'S DIARY OF
joys, sorrows, travels, perils, and adventures the last
three years.
Whit Sunday, Lucknow, May 31.
I hardly know how to begin to tell you of the
horrors of the past night, knowing how anxious and
unhappy it will make you, but it is kinder, I think,
to conceal nothing. The insurrection, so long
dreaded, has taken place. Last night, at nine
o'clock, the three Sepoy regiments stationed in the
cantonment, the 71st (C.'s), 48th (Dashwood's),
and the 13th, flew to their arms, and attempted to
take the big guns, in which, however, they did not
succeed. Poor Brigadier Hanscombe was killed,
and Mr. Grant of the 71st, son of Sir Patrick,
quite a young man, who was on station duty at
the centre picket, was murdered — two bullets sent
through him, and his head cut off, by his own men ;
and Mr. Raleigh of the 7th Cavalry, a poor boy
who only joined two or three days ago — just out
from England — was cut to pieces. These are all the
deaths, but several officers are wounded : poor Mr.
Langmore, a great friend of Charlie's, is dan-
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 31
gerously wounded; they say he will die. The
whole of the cantonment has been burnt to the
ground; some few houses have escaped burning,
but every one ransacked and pillaged. The B.s
have lost every single thing they possessed in the
world, and our three large boxes containing all our
worldly goods, with the exception of my mourning,
and a dozen of linen we had with us, are all gone
too ; also 350 rupees, deposited by C.'s advice in the
regimental treasury for safety ; however, we cannot
think of our pecuniary loss — ours is less than so
many others. Poor C. is quite ruined, for they had
furnished their house so nicely, and had so many
beautiful things they brought out with them : but we
can think of nothing but his merciful preservation.
You know he 's been Acting Brigade Major for
some time, and his duty therefore was close attend-
ance on the poor Brigadier. Volley after volley was
fired at him, and he was close to the Brigadier when
he fell, but, by God's great mercy, escaped without
hurt. If Sir H. Lawrence had not sent all the
women and children out of cantonments, we should
inevitably, every one of us, have shared the fate of
our countrywomen at Delhi and Meerut; and it
32 a LADY'S DIARY OF
would have been scarcely possible for any of the
married officers to escape, hampered as they would
have been with the care of their families ; as it was,
a poor sergeant's wife, and her two children, who
happened to be in cantonments, were cut up on the
road. Oh, mother ! mother ! how dreadful it is !
We have just heard there is a rising in the city.
God help us ! Last night we were at dinner when
the servants came running in to say there was firing
heard in the cantonments : we heard it distinctly,
and from the top of the Residency the whole place
was seen in a blaze. We were all told to be ready
to take flight if necessary to the Muchee Bhowan, a
strong place which has been fortified, and in which
we are to take refuge as our last resource, and try to
hold out till European relief can arrive ; but, oh,
when can that be ? There is scarcely an available
regiment in the country. The Governor-General
has sent to stop the troops, on their way to China, at
Ceylon, and bring them to India. There cer-
tainly is a disturbance in the city ; they have pro-
claimed the King's brother King. We sat up in
our clothes all last night ; E. in a dreadful state of
anxiety about C. ; messengers kept arriving from
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 33
cantonments with reports of what was occurring;
firing has been going on all the morning. The in-
surgents have all decamped and spread themselves
over the country ; the troops have been pursuing
them, but, having no cavalry, it was useless ; only a
few stragglers were caught. A poor half-caste has
just been brought into the Residency, cut to pieces ;
he went down to his house in the city, and was
murdered. Two companies of the 84th have arrived
at Cawnpore, and they sent back the company of the
32nd which was sent over there last week. Cawnpore
is almost sure to rise now. (Residency.) — I was inter-
rupted in this by the alarm of the rising in the city,
and we had all to leave Dr. F.'s house, and take
refuge in the main building of the Residency. Here
we all are — God only knows how it will end ! Do
not grieve very much, mother ; we are in His hands,
and He can take care of us, and preserve our lives if
He will. I do try and pray to feel resigned whatever
may happen. I know not if this will ever reach you,
very likely not. There is such noise and confusion,
and my hand trembles so I can hardly hold the pea
A gentleman is going to send all our letters to the
post at once, so I can add no more. . . .
D
34 A LADY'S DIARY OF
Lucknow, St. Barnabas' Day, 1857.
I sent off three letters to you and darling mother
on the 9th,* and have now little more to add, though
I could not bear not to write, this day of all others,
when we have so many thoughts and recollections in
common. Some news came in from Cawnpore this
morning, brought by two spies ; they said 500 Eu-
ropean soldiers arrived there the day before yes-
terday, and that the insurgents had been driven
back. They had been pounding into the unfortu-
nate Europeans inside their intrenchments for three
days with artillery and a twenty-four pounder : every
house in the cantonment has been burnt ; the blaze
has been going on for days. No official news has
come yet : the enemy has still possession of the road
and river, so we can't tell when we shall hear
anything positive. A letter came last night from
General Wheeler, but it was dated the 8th : he
described their position as nearly hopeless, but we
hope he has had reinforcements. They had under
two hundred European soldiers, and only a few nine-
pounders, which were of no use, as they could not touch
the enemy with them, whereas the insurgents were
* They never were received.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 35
pounding into them with a twenty -four pounder:
the casualties are not known, but are probably con-
siderable, and what the poor women and children
must have gone through is horrible to think of; still,
if they are saved from falling into the hands of those
wretches, any amount of alarm and suffering will be
nothing. The bare idea of the fate of the unhappy
ladies at Seetapore is too horrible ; there was no
indignity that was not inflicted on all the women
the wretches got hold of. The children were mur-
dered, and thrown in a heap; one pretty little
woman, Mrs. 8., whom we knew at Peshawur, was
shot down as she tried to wade through the river.
Yesterday about six people, sergeants and their
wives, who had made their escape, arrived : they
contrived to creep into the jungle, where they
wandered about for two days, when a native rajah had
compassion on them, and sent them in here. One
poor woman is badly wounded in the hip, and they
are all in a dreadful state of illness and exhaustion.
J. went to see them all, and he says the accounts
they give of the dreadful scenes they witnessed, and
what they went through themselves, are too horrible
to be conceived. Many ladies and children have
d 2
36
A LADY'S DIARY OF
fortunately made their escape from different small
stations in the district, just in time to save their
lives, leaving all their worldly goods to be burnt and
plundered. I am sure we should not think of our
losses when there are such numbers here with
families of children who have not so much as a
change of clothes. A Mrs. Boileau, and her four
children, are in this house :* she came in yesterday
from Secrora on an elephant, and was from 4 p.m.
till 10 a.m. on the road ; half of their escort wanted
to murder them, but the other half was steady, and
persuaded the rest not to molest them, so they came
in safe. As the mutiny at Secrora had not taken
place when the ladies were sent away, the officers
were obliged to stay with their men, but on the 10th
(yesterday) the outbreak came. They have got away
in different directions : three officers came in here
yesterday, but Captain Boileau is supposed to have
taken refuge with a friendly (?) rajah, and his poor
wife is terribly anxious, as they can have no com-
munication, and she cannot even hear of Ins safety.
The fortifications here are now nearly complete,
and the engineers say that, if the insurgents keep
off only two days longer, they will not care how
* Fayrer's.
THE SIEGE OF LQCKNOW, 37
many come against us, as we shall be impregnable
so long as provisions last, and we hope for relief
long before they are expended. I have just heard
of a lady, Mrs. Benson, who escaped with her hus-
band (a civilian) from Harriabad : they were dis-
guised in native clothes. She dressed as an ayah,
and had to walk seven miles, when they found
some ponies, which they mounted. Her feet, poor
thing ! are in the most dreadful state. They met some
Sepoys, who looked very suspiciously at them, and
followed them some way, but at last thought better
of it and turned back. We hear that most of the
insurgents here are making off for Delhi : it is to
be hoped they will meet with a warmer reception
there than they will like, but it is strange that
nothing has been known, or is known, of what our
troops are about up there ; we ought to have heard
something long ago : now all communication be-
tween us and the rest of the world is cut off, and we
know not what may be going on at other stations.
At Benares, at Allahabad, and indeed every station
in India, there seem to have been mutinies : we are
so afraid the Government at home will be difficult
to rouse from their usual state of indifference about
this country, and if there be delay in sending out
38
A LADY'S DIARY OF
an army to our rescue, the native prophecy that this
year the English will be driven out of India is pretty
sure to come true.
If they will only let us depart with our lives, I am
sure I shall be thankful to quit. I have such a
dreadful cold I can hardly hold up my head, and
feel as stupid as an owl ; it is so odd to have colds
with the thermometer at 93°, but they are going
through the house. The Sepoys in cantonments are
not disarmed yet ; they tried to get rid of them by
offering them furlough, which they all refused. I
will leave this open to finish to-morrow. Oh ! how
I do hope you will receive it, and the others sent on
the 9th ! Sir Henry Lawrence has been very ill : he
was completely worn out in mind and body, and in
danger of breaking down ; but Dr. Fayrer insisted
on his keeping quiet, and having forty- eight hours'
entire rest, not even receiving a note, or being told
a single thing. He is now much better. J. has
been taking a census of all the people, European
and native, inside the walls of this house, and in-
cluding servants, punkah coolies, ayahs, &C, they
amount to 110. There are eleven ladies and six
children staying here. J., Dr. Fayrer, and a great
friend of his, Dr. Partridge, are the male portion
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 39
of the community. Dr. P. belongs to one of the
Oude Irregular Cavalry regiments, and very nar-
rowly escaped with his life when out in the district
on detachment duty the other day ; the men showed
such a mutinous spirit, that the officers expected
every moment to be murdered, but they succeeded
in getting back and bringing them in here ; and
after this you will hardly believe Sir H. Lawrence
ordered them out again last night, and was going
to send them to Seetapore, but, happily, changed
his mind, though they are still under orders to be
in readiness.
To her Sister.
Lucknow, June 13, 1857.
I sent a scrap of similar dimensions to this yester-
day in the hope of its going by the Calcutta mail,
but, as I hear of another messenger starting for
Agra this morning, I will not lose the opportunity of
writing you a few lines on this your wedding-day,
wishing you both many happy returns of it. You
little dream the state we are in here, and our pros-
pects seem to grow darker instead of brighter. I
hope you will receive this note ; I sent to dearest
mother yesterday, to assure you of our present wel-
40 A LADY'S DIARY OF
fare and safety, for I fear you will all be very anxious
about us. I pity poor Aunt Ellen with her three
sons in this horrible country. We are very anxious
about W. B. ; his regiment is at Bareilly, and
there is a horrible rumour that every officer there has
been murdered, as well as those at Shahjehanpore. Of
course C. can get no news of him, as all communica-
tion is cut off between ourselves and the rest of the
world : it is more than a week since any certain
intelligence has been received from Cawnpore, only
48 miles off. The insurgents are besieging the
Europeans there, who have less than two hundred
English soldiers to protect them, but they are sup-
posed to be still holding out bravely. Yesterday
there was a small disturbance here. The military
police mutinied and went off with their arms ; they
were pursued by a couple of our guns and two hun-
dred of the 32nd ; and I fear there never was a
more mismanaged affair : the poor soldiers nearly
died from exposure to the sun, and lost two men
from apoplexy, without ever getting the chance of a
shot at the enemy. Some Seikh cavalry went in at
them, and behaved splendidly, killing between thirty
and forty. One gentleman, a Mr. Thornhill (who
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 41
says he has often danced with us at Kew, but I don't
remember him), was wounded. I walked round our
fortifications yesterday evening with James ; they
are wonderfully strong, and the engineers say we
can hold out against any number as long as pro-
visions last, and long before they are expended we
hope for relief. As yet none of the insurgents have
appeared in the neighbourhood, and I expect they are
much too cowardly to make any attempt on a place so
well prepared : it is only when they can take you by
surprise and murder defenceless women and children
that they dare attack Europeans. When you hear
of all the atrocities which have been committed, and
the wholesale murderings and plunderings which
have been and still are going on all over India, your
blood will run cold. How it is all to end, God
only knows ; we do not dare look forward ; but
humanly speaking, all depends on an army being
sent to our assistance from home without delay.
We are quite well and keep up our spirits, trusting
that our prayers will be heard, and that we shall be
delivered from our dangerous position. I have very
long letters written to you, but there is no chance of
sending them at present. These notes have to be
42
A LADY'S DIARY OF
concealed about the person of the man who is to try
and take them to Agra for the Bombay mail : it is
very doubtful if he will accomplish his errand.
Good bye.
June 13.
I have just got off a very wee note, darling,
though doubtful if you will ever receive it. I wrote
one to darling mother yesterday. They did not go
by post ; a messenger starts for Agra to-night with
small documents concealed about his person, which
he will try to convey to their destination in safety.
This is your wedding-day, dearest, and many happy
returns of it do I pray that you and dear Willie
may enjoy. Yesterday we had a great alarm : the
military police mutinied and made off with their
arms. The guns and 200 of the 32nd went in
pursuit, but never came near enough to get a shot.
Some Seikh cavalry behaved well, and did a good
deal of damage to the wretches, who fought well
and executed a most masterly retreat. The poor
European soldiers suffered dreadfully from their
bootless exposure to the sun, and two of them
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 43
dropped down dead. We have a most impos-
ing show of guns, and I cannot help thinking
the villanous wretches will be afraid to attack us,
for they are arrant cowards. There is no news
again to-day from Cawnpore or any place. They
say it is not true about the 500 European soldiers
having arrived there ; no firing has been heard in
that direction for twenty-four hours. There is
dreadful news, which is thought to be true, that all
the English at Shahjehanpore have been murdered,
without the escape of one, and that the mutineers
proceeded to Bareilly, the next station. I went
yesterday over to the Residency to see Mrs.
Polehampton, who is getting much better. Oh ! I
do feel so glad now I have no children. Fancy
the babies at Seetapore being dashed to the ground
and bayoneted— one has no words to express one's
horror and indignation. This house now swarms
with children.
J. had no less than five funerals this morning.
I am happy to say the church has not yet been blown
up, and we hope it will not be necessary. Mr.
Polehampton has lent us 12 vols, of Sharpe's Maga-
zine, which is quite an acquisition in our dearth of
44 a LADY'S DIARY OF
books, and it is delightful to me to meet such a dear
old friend. Our life, as you imagine, is extremely
monotonous. We get up at four and sit in front of
the house, where we have tea and biscuits ; at eight
we go to our rooms. When Emily and I are
dressed, we send for J., and read the Psalms and
Lessons together, and he says prayers. At ten we
have breakfast. We sit in the drawing-room work-
ing or playing with the children as the case may be.
We dine at four, and if it be cool enough when the
sun sets we go out again and sit in front of the
house, where we have tea and ices ; at half-past nine
we come in to prayers and go to bed. The only
change or excitement of any kind we have is in the
shape of bad news or horrible alarms. The heat is
greater than I ever felt it for so long together ; in
the drawing-room the thermometer is at 93, in our
bedroom 97. When we are sitting outside the
house we have many gentlemen visitors over from
the 82nd. * It is reported that one of those poor
JMiss Jacksons at Seetapore has been carried off
prisoner by the Sepoys. This, if true, is a worse
fate than her sister's, who fainted and was lifted up
and thrown bv the wretches into the middle of the
THE SIEGE OF LUCKJSTOW. 45
burning bungalow. The poor girls were so much
liked and admired, I am quite glad I never knew
them. Their brother, Sir Mountstuart Jackson, is
supposed the first killed.
June 16.
Day after day has brought only bad news. I
have really felt too downcast to write, having only
horrors to record. The Shahjehanpore massacre seems
worse than any one we have ever heard of yet. A
survivor, Captain Orr, has written to his brother
here. It seems the outbreak commenced on Sunday,
and a few people were murdered in church ; the rest
of the officers were told they might go away with
their families where they pleased, they did not want
their lives. They all started immediately in every
available conveyance, and had proceeded about six
miles when they were overtaken and surrounded.
The gentlemen were first bayoneted on the spot,
wives and children looking on ; resistance was use-
less, so they made none, and died praying with their
hands crossed over their breast, like noble English
martyrs. The ladies were equally calm and heroic ;
they knelt down with their little ones under a tree
46 A LADY'S DIARY OF
praying, and as soon as their husbands were
slaughtered their turn came. Captain Orr is half a
native, was spared, and invited by the mutineers to
take the command ; but he put them off, and finally
escaped into the jungle, where, after wandering four
days, he met or heard of (I don't know which) Sir
Mountstuart Jackson and one of his sisters, with
a little child of Mr. Christian's. They were all in
the jungle, dependent for food on the Rajah, who
says he cannot protect them, but daily sends them
food. The sufferings of poor Miss Jackson and the
little child must be extreme. Sir H. L. has written
to offer the Rajah a handsome reward if he will
protect and send the poor creatures safely into
Lucknow, but one cannot tell if he will or can do it.
The idea that our rule in India is come to an end
seems firmly to have possessed all the natives. The
day before yesterday our bearer, who has been with
us almost ever since we came to India, and to whom
J. has been most kind, walked off, taking with him
all his goods and chattels, and one of our punkah
coolies to carry his bundle. We did not find out he
was gone till some hours after his departure. A
khitmutgar of Mrs. Boileau's, who had been sixteen
THE SIEGE OF LTTCKNOW. 47
years in her husband's service, walked off to-day in
the same manner. People's servants seem deserting
daily. We expect soon to be without attendants,
and a good riddance it would be if this were a
climate which admitted of one's doing without them ;
but if they all leave us, it will be difficult to know
how we shall manage. Their impudence is beyond
bounds : they are losing even the semblance of
respect. I packed off my tailor yesterday : he came
very late, and, on my remarking it, he gave me such
an insolent answer and look, that I discharged him
then and there ; and he actually went off without
waiting, or asking for his wages. On Sunday we
were able, thank God, to go twice to church, which
was a blessing we had scarcely dared to hope.
The artillery horses are picketed in the church-
yard, and stores stowed away in part of the church.
Vestries and outhouses are given up to refugee
families, so it looks terribly warlike, but we hope
to avoid the necessity of blowing up the sacred
building : it would only be done in case of the
enemy's getting possession of our outer defences —
which God forbid ! For some days it has been re-
ported by scouts that a large force of insurgents are
48
A LADY'S DIARY OF
within twelve miles of us, but they have not yet ap-
peared, and we hope they will not dare come. A letter
was received by Sir H. L. this morning, from Sir
Hugh Wheeler, brought in by a trusty native : it was
dated 14th. No reinforcements had come, and they
were sore pressed, but still holding out : many lives
lost ; and the top of their barracks blown off : the
enemy had possession of the magazine and one of
our 18-pounders. It is most despairing ; no troops
having yet been sent up, we cannot but fear that all
the country below must be in the same predicament ;
and if they have to fight every inch of their ground
on the way up, one does not see how we can escape,
as it will be months before any help can arrive.
There are great fears about Patna. Benares and
Allahabad are known to have risen. On Sunday
came the certain intelligence of the fate of those
officers who were supposed to have been carried off
to Delhi by their mutinous men : they were every
one of them murdered — Captain Burmester and
Mr. Farquharson of the 48th ; Captain Staples, Mr.
Boulton, and Mr. Martin of the 7th Cavalry. The
latter, such a gentlemanly nice handsome fellow,
who dined with us at the B.s' a few days before
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 49
our flight from cantonments. His brother is a civi-
lian here, and has a pretty little wife : they are the
sons of Dr. Martin, the celebrated Indian physician.
Mr. Boulton was wounded, and rode for his life seven
miles, when he was met by another party, who sur-
rounded and cut him down. This morning brought
news to another poor lady, living over at the Resi-
dency, of the murder of her husband, poor Major
Galle : he started from here on the 12th, disguised as
a native, to try and carry information to Calcutta ; it
was such a perilous attempt, we all felt that it would
be miraculous if he succeeded : he was accompanied
by ten men from his own regiment (which since his
departure has mutinied and made off for Cawnpore) ;
he selected them himself, as those he felt confident
he could depend upon; but, alas ! people are being
now taught by sad experience that no trust can be
placed in one of the race. He was about eighty
miles from this, on the road to Allahabad, when his
faithful (?) followers betrayed him to some of the
enemy they met : he was murdered at once. Five
out of the ten men were Seikhs, and they came back
here and told of the fate of their master, pretending
they stood by him and were true ; but at all events
E
50 a LADY'S DIARY OF
they did not shed any of their blood for him, as
they were perfectly unhurt It is beginning to be
suspected that the Seikhs are playing a double game,
and, if so, it is a great pity Sir H. L. trusts them as
he does, and has brought so many inside this place.
The remaining Sepoys of the three regiments in can-
tonments have been disarmed and sent away on
leave ; they did not at all approve of going, but
made no resistance : all the officers, except the
Colonels and staff, are come down here, and the rest
are expected to follow in a few days ; there are one
hundred and fifty of the 32nd, and some artillery in
cantonments, as it is necessary to keep possession as
long as possible, for the sake of getting in supplies.
Charlie, being Quartermaster and Acting Brigade
Major, is obliged still to remain up there.
At Sultanpore, another of the Oude outlying
stations, the officers have been massacred, but the
ladies are safe in some fort. Colonel Fisher, one of
the most splendid old soldiers in the world, whom one
has always heard spoken of in India as quite a hero,
was savagely murdered by his men, whom he trusted
and loved like his own children. He was wounded
first by the Sepoys of another corps, upon which he
THE SIEGE OF LTJCKNOW. 51
rushed into the midst of his own lines, telling his
men he had come to them for protection, as he
knew they would stand by him to the last. The
words were scarcely out of his mouth when three of
his regiment rushed upon him with their spears and
killed him.
Such an awful thing happened here yesterday !
Because there are not murders enough done by the
heathen, two Christian Englishmen quarrelled, and,
in the heat of passion, one of them seized a pistol
and shot the other through the body. James buried
the murdered man this morning. He was the
riding-master of the 7th Cavalry ; so respectable a
man that he was to have had a commission given
him. His murderer, the Sergeant-Major of the
same regiment, also bore the highest character, and
was liked and respected by every one who knew
him, and the two were bosom friends. It seems the
quarrel began with the wives disputing about the
drawing up of a curtain ; this trivial matter led to
words between the two husbands, and in an instant
the dreadful deed was done. The poor women are
perfectly distracted. The poor wretch who killed his
friend is a Roman Catholic, James was going to see
E 2
52 A LADY'S DIAEY OF
him this evening, but found the Roman Catholic priest
with him. He was told that the poor fellow had
lain all day hiding his face, and would not speak a
word. The officers of the 7th Cavalry all went to
the funeral this morning; they are dreadfully
grieved about it — both men were such favourites,
and thought so very highly of by all — it is very
shocking. I earnestly hope when next I use my
pen I may have something more cheering to relate ;
tp-day has been nothing but horrors. The native
report is that Delhi is again in the hands of the
English. If we could only hear that this was true,
it would indeed be good news. Charlie has heard
that nearly all the officers effected their escape from
Bareilly to the nearest hill station, so we hope poor
Willie is safe.
June 18, Waterloo Day.
Emmie is in bed to-day, feeling poorly.
No enemy has appeared to attack us yet, though
we have daily rumours of their near approach, and
that a powerful Rajah has joined them, and is lead-
ing them on. From Cawnpore no good news. It
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW.
53
was reported European troops had got in there, but
this was never confirmed. The last terrible piece of
news was that all the English at Futtyghur had
tried to make their escape, and that when they
arrived as far as Cawnpore they found the insur-
gents lining the banks of the river. They were
fired into, compelled to land, tied together, and
marched up to the parade-ground in front of the
barracks, where our poor people are intrenched,
and grape-shot fired into them before the very eyes
of their countrymen, who could not move a finger
to save them. I think Mr. Thornhill lost an aunt,
uncle, and two cousins, but I think it must be a
mistake that they were killed in front of the Eu-
ropean camp, for nature could never have stood it.
There must have been a rush to their rescue at any
sacrifice ; but such is the story that came here.
Yesterday brought the sad tidings of the murder of
Mr. Longueville Clarke and Mr. Cunliffe as they
were endeavouring to escape from Burrnitch ; the
latter was engaged to Miss , and the 6th of this
month was to have been their wedding-day; the
other sister was to have been married on the same
day : poor girls ! now all their happiness has been
54 A LADY'S DIARY OF
turned into mourning ; their engagements were an-
nounced about six weeks ago, when we none of us
suspected what a frightful time was coming upon
us.
Mr. Schilling and the Martiniere School were all
ordered inside the fortifications this morning, so the
Martiniere is abandoned, and I suppose we shall
lose all our remaining property, which we have been
obliged to leave there to its fate, as nothing more
can be brought in here ; we got our small remnant
of clothes, but furniture, harp, books, carriage,
horses, &c, are left at the Martiniere. The poor
boys are all stowed away in a hot close native build-
ing, and it will be a wonder if they don't get ill. I
am grieved to say there have been a great many
deaths, and some of them from cholera, among the
32nd, but I trust it is not increasing ; it is a great
mercy the garrison is as healthy as it is, considering
the immense crowd of human beings that are con-
gregated in this small space. In the Residency
alone there are upwards of one hundred ladies and
children ; there are, I think, sixteen hundred Eu-
ropeans here altogether, and, amongst these, nearly
one thousand fighting men. They have taken the
THE SIEGE OF LITCKNOW. 55
church for stores, and nearly filled it with grain.
The top of the church is barricaded, and will be
used to shoot from in case we are besieged; we
shall have no more service in it, I grieve to say — is
not this a horrible, terrible state of things ? We
are a very melancholy party here, as you may well
imagine, and to-day that sweet little Bobbie Fayrer
is ill, which makes us worse. There are many sad
and anxious hearts here ; now scarcely a day passes
without bringing bad news to some one or other.
There is a poor lady at the Residency, a Mrs.
, whose brother, mother, and sister were all
murdered at Shahjehanpore. Oh, how my heart
aches to think of my darling mother's and all your
anxiety ! when you get no tidings of us, what will
you think ? If I could but let you know we are
safe now, — but even if we are spared, it will be so
long before you hear it ; and as to getting your
letters, we dare not hope for them for ages to come.
There, it does not do to think of these things, it
makes one too miserable. Good bye, my dear
sister, &c. &c.
56
A LADY'S DIARY OF
June 19.
I went yesterday evening with James to the
Begum's house to see the poor women who came in
from Seetapore, and gave them a few old dressing-
gowns and things of mine which I thought would be
useful, as they had lost all their own clothes. One
of them is expecting to be confined immediately.
They were very cheerful, and seemed quite to have
got over their troubles. It is wonderful how little
that class of people seem to feel things that would
almost kill a lady. After our visit to them, James
took me with him to see poor Mrs. Eldridge, the
widow of the riding-master who was murdered three
days ago by his comrade. I don't know when I
have seen such a nice well-spoken respectable woman ;
she spoke most kindly and charitably of the wretched
murderer, and seemed to pity him very much. I
hear that the poor wretch has never spoken a word
since he committed the deed, and will have nothing to
say to the Roman Catholic priest who visits him. His
wife, a most violent woman, who excited him to the
fatal pitch of fury, is perfectly distracted and wild.
Mrs. Eldridge has two children, a poor girl of thirteen
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. M
who is half-witted, and a fine little boy of six years
old. She told me she had two daughters comfortably
married at Jellunder, and that if she could get to
them she should never want a home. All her things
were burnt in cantonments the night of the outbreak.
Dr. Fayrer has ordered us to-day not to go to the
Residency any more, as smallpox has broken out
there. Cholera, too, is raging in the city, and there
have been several deaths from it among the 32nd.
Intelligence reached this to-day that all the poor
ladies and children from Sultanpore, who were
thought to be safe in some fort under the protection
of a Rajah, have been turned adrift and fallen into
the hands of a party of the insurgents, and all been
massacred.
James went this morning to see the soldiers in the
Muchee Bhowan Fort : it is a very unhealthy place,
and all tumbling to pieces, so they would never be
able to hold it against an attack. They are moving
all the guns, stores, and ammunition down here, and
when that is done they will blow it up, and the
garrison, 150 strong, will come in here : they have
sent the baggage from cantonments down here, and
the force is held in readiness to come away at the
58 A LADY'S DIARY OF
first notice of the enemy's approach, but it is deter-
mined to hold the position there as long as possible ;
and also it is not advisable, till absolutely necessary,
to bring any more human beings into this already
crowded space. Charlie came down to see Emmie
this morning, and is looking quite well. The nearest
force of insurgents to us is said to be forty miles off:
it is the general opinion that we are too strong for
them to venture an attack ; of course the longer they
delay the stronger our defences will be. It is those
unfortunate women at Cawnpore one trembles for,
if aid does not speedily arrive.
The troops are to abandon cantonments at last,
and all come in here this evening. Two children
died of cholera at the Residency this morning, and
a lady who came in from Secrora, Mrs. Hale, is
dying of it to-night : James has been sent for to see
her at the Begum's house.
June 20.
I am extremely unhappy to-day at having been
obliged to send away our dear old Bustle. Poor dear
dog ! I expect he will break his heart, for never did
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 59
I see such an attached creature ; he is always mise-
rable when James is out of his sight. An order has
been issued that all dogs seen outside the compound
are to be hung, and, as it would fret poor Bustle's
heart to be tied up, we have sent him down to the
Martiniere to be with the horses, and I trust the
Syces will take care of him till we are able to have
the fond old pet back again. Every child in the
house is at this moment screeching, and we are
all distracted : both the poor little D.s are ill and
wearing their mother out ; they will go to no one
else, so one cannot help her with them. I never
heard such a chorus of squalling in my life. The
heat seems to increase every day, and no signs of
the rains yet. Dr. Partridge read out loud to us in
the drawing-room this morning ' Guy Mannering/
A letter came to-day from General Wheeler to
Sir H. Lawrence ; no reinforcements arrived at
Cawnpore up to the 18th, but the brave people still
holding out gloriously, and say they have provisions
and ammunition enough for another fortnight ; their
sufferings are extreme. General Wheeler says, "It
is useless to state the extent of our losses ;" by
which one fears they must be terrible. He says the
60 A LADY'S DIARY OF
sun is their worst enemy. Their consolation in their
distress is that their devotion may be our salvation.
Dear, brave, generous creatures ! how heart-rend-
ing it is that no aid can be sent them from here ! if
it were not for the river between us, it might be
done. was speaking at dinner to-day
of the iniquity of the annexation of Oude, and
thinks the tribulation we are now in is a just pu-
nishment to our nation for the grasping spirit in
which we have governed India ; the unjust appro-
priation of Oude being a finishing stroke to a long
course of selfish seeking our own benefit and ag-
grandisement. No doubt it is a judgment of God,
and that we have greatly abused our power ; and,
as a Government, opposed the spread of Christi-
anity ; while individually, by evil example and prac-
tices, we have made our religion a reproach in
the eyes of the natives. God grant that this heavy
chastisement may bring all to a better mind !
June 21.
The poor church is converted into a storehouse,
so we had service in the drawing-room this morning
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 61
at 11 o'clock. James had a service at 9 in the
hospital. Mr. Polehampton went to cantonments
and gave the troops there an early service, and had
one in the Residency at 11. There is to be a
general one out of doors this evening at 7 in Mr.
Gubbins's garden, where every one who likes may
go. How little they are thinking at home how
intensely applicable to us are those petitions in the
Litany, From plague, pestilence, and famine, from
battle, murder, and from sudden death, good Lord
deliver us ! It seems as if they never came home
to one's heart before ; indeed the whole of the
Liturgy and the Psalms appear so wonderfully
suited to our present condition, as if composed ex-
pressly for the occasion, taking in all our necessities
and all our feelings. They are most comforting.
June 21, Sunday.
Charlie came down to see Emmie this morning,
and told us they had had an alarm in camp last
night ; some of the scouts came running in to say
that a body of cavalry were seen, so they all got
under arms, but no one appeared. Fifty of Captain
62 A LADY'S DIARY OF
Weston's men (the City Police) deserted last night,
with their arms. I wish every armed native would
go ; we should all feel much safer, for not one can
be trusted. It is three weeks to-day since the me-
morable Whit-Sunday when we fled in such alarm
to the Residency, expecting to be attacked imme-
diately. Captain Weston was saying yesterday it
was perfectly unaccountable why they did not molest
us that day, when our defences could not possibly
have stood an assault, but now we are so well pre-
pared we could hold our own against any number of
the enemy. What a merciful Providence it was
that withheld them ! Our great fear now is of
traitors in the garrison. Sir Henry L. will go on
trusting the Seikhs and a few others who have un-
fortunately not yet joined the rebels, and no one
but himself has the smallest confidence in them.
At Benares, Cawnpore, and other places, the Seikhs
have turned against us, and it is not likely these
will be better than the rest. At Cawnpore, where
the garrison was entirely composed of Seikhs, they
rose and murdered all the Europeans; amongst
the rest Mr. Fane, a cousin of the D.s.* The
* This report was untrue at the time.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 63
native artillerymen have been true, or rather stuck
to us as yet, and half the guns are manned by them ;
but one feels very uncomfortable at the idea they
are pretty sure not to fire on their countrymen if
they appear ; and it is impossible not to be afraid
of the mischief they may do us. But we have been
so mercifully preserved hitherto we ought not to
despond, especially when we remember those poor
distressed people at Cawnpore.
June 22, Monday.
Dear F. and G.'s wedding-day. Five years ago
now, and how fresh every incident is in my memory !
I have been recalling every little circumstance, and
living it over again in my mind. What a sad anni-
versary for poor F. ! — the first he has passed alone
since his darling was taken away. Their dog Toph
died on their wedding-day last year, and they wrote
to tell us how grieved they were about it, little
dreaming of the great grief which was so soon
coming. What would I not give to hear of the
safety of F. and the children ! One trembles at the
idea of what may be going on in the Punjaub if the
Seikhs should have revolted. This uncertainty
64 A LADY'S DIARY OF
about the fate of one's friends in other parts of
India, and the impossibility of hearing of them, are
very hard to bear. Charlie is very anxious about
Teddie and Maggie ; * they are at Hansi, far from
any European troops or place of refuge. There has
been no news from any quarter to-day, except that
twenty gentlemen-volunteers with thirty Seikhs rode
out on the Secrora road last night to try and gain
some intelligence of the insurgents. They came
back about one to-day, having seen and heard
nothing at all, but there is a strong force at Se-
crora. We had a very heavy shower of rain early
this morning, and were in hopes it was going to
continue, but all signs of it very quickly departed,
and the heat is greater than ever. James took
Mrs. Boileau and me this evening to walk round
the fortifications of the P. O., which are very
strong. Mr. Brice, an old Peshawur friend, has
the command there. He told us half his native
gunners deserted last night. I wish they would
all go, we should be much safer.
* Edward Barwell and wife, murdered at Hansi.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 65
June 23, Tuesday.
James had fever on him all last night, and is very-
poorly to-day, but I hope will be better soon. A
great many people are suffering from boils. Mrs.
Dashwood's little boy and Mrs. Boileau's children
are covered with them. I hear they are very com-
mon at Lucknow. I am thankful to say there have
been no fresh cases either of small-pox or cholera
the last few days. Charlie came down this morn-
ing. I have got dear old Bustle back. Mr. Schil-
ling, who went down to the Martiniere yesterday,
told us such a touching account of the poor dog's
misery and pining that J.'s heart relented, and he
consented to his return. The order about the de-
struction of dogs has never been attended to, and
while I see so many pariahs allowed to run about
with impunity there is no reason for Bustle's exile.
Dr. Partridge has been reading * Guy Mannering '
aloud to us the last three mornings, which passes
them pleasantly, and causes Chip's frock to proceed
apace. I wonder if the darling boy will ever have
it when finished. All the officers have had their
white jackets, trousers, and cap-covers dyed slate or
mud-colour, partly to save the washing and partly
F
66 A LADY'S DIARY OF
because that colour is so much less prominent a
mark for the enemy. They look such queer figures.
June 24, St. John the Baptist's Day.
Such terrible news from Cawnpore yesterday. It
has made us all miserable again. General Wheeler
writes to say the insurgents have got mortars, and
are shelling the besieged in their intrenchments.
They had thirty shells sent amongst them in three
hours, and have lost a third of their number. They
have retired under ground, and do not suffer so
much from the sun therefore, but unless relief comes
now in a few days they are lost. Oh God, help
them ! It is too agonizing to think of their perish-
ing after all their bravery and devotion. And the
poor women and children ; how heart-sick it makes
one to think of them ! It is certain that an enormous
force is gathering with the intent of coming down
upon Lucknow. There are 15,000 troops they say
now in Oude, independent of the Cawnpore force,
which numbers about 5000, and which will join the
rest if Cawnpore falls. They have eighteen guns,
but the shells are worse than anything. It was sup-
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 67
posed, till General Wheeler's note came yesterday,
that the rebels had none, and, if they had, did not un-
derstand how to use them. But, alas ! they have proved
they know too well. They can shell from a distance
of two miles, where our guns cannot touch them,
which just suits the cowards. Poor Sir H. Wheeler
is much to blame for not having removed all the
guns and ammunition into the intrenched camp
when there was time. They had a good three weeks
after the first outbreak at Meerut before the troops
mutinied at Cawnpore, and ample time for every
precaution. We are indeed in an awful strait. It
may be God's will that we should all perish, and
that I should never see my darling mother and
sisters again in this world. . . .
Meanwhile I will strive to bear all we may have
to endure with patience and fortitude, and, as much
as I can, help and comfort my companions and
husband : he is still very poorly with a bad sore
throat, and extremely weak and pulled down ; but I
am thankful to say the fever has gone, so that I hope
to-morrow he will be much better. There is a report
among the natives that Delhi has fallen ; if this be
true, it will perhaps awe the insurgents, and prevent
F 2
68 A LADY'S DIARY OF
their venturing to attack us here. It is surmised
the cause of the delay at Delhi was waiting for poor
old General Eeid to come down from Peshawur and
take the command, as he is the senior General in the
Queen's service out here. We imagine something
terrible must be happening in Bengal which prevents
European troops from coming up. We expected
four regiments long ere this ; they will now be
obliged to wait for the China force, and send up a
large army, for there are thousands in arms between
Cawnpore and Benares, and two or three regiments
would hardly make their way through them. It is
all very, very dreadful, and one does not see a
glimmer of sunshine in the dark clouds. The rain
too is keeping off most unusually late : if that came
down in torrents it would very much discompose the
enemy, as niggers abominate wet weather. To-day
is very blowing and dusty : I hope it is a sign that
rain is not far off.
June 26.
Good news has cheered us up to-day, for we have
heard really and truly of the fall of Delhi from Sir
H. L., who received a letter this morning with the
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 69
joyful tidings. Our army was in possession of the
city on the 13th — dear G.'s wedding-day. The
insurgents were still in the fort, so that had to be
taken, but no doubt they have driven them out long
ere this. A royal salute was fired from this place,
the cantonments, and the Muchee Bhowan, with a
view of impressing our triumph on the natives, and
causing their hearts to melt into water. Positive
news came yesterday too, that the 84th Queen's and
Madras Fusileers had driven away the rebels at
Allahabad and got possession of fort and canton-
ments ; they were to proceed towards Cawnpore as
soon as arrangements for carriage could be made.
God grant they may be in time to save the unfortu-
nates there. No news from Sir H. Wheeler for two
days past. There are 10,000 of the rebels with 10
guns camped at Nawab Gunge, twenty miles from
this ; but it is hoped that the news from Delhi will
deter their coming to attack us, and dishearten those
at Cawnpore. We hear the post goes regularly
between Allahabad and Calcutta, and that the tele-
graph is at work again and communication opened
from up country till within twenty miles of Cawnpore,
and telegraphs working between Agra and Delhi ;
70
A LADY'S DIARY OF
all this cheers us, and gives us great cause for thank-
fulness. Mrs. Boileau has heard of the safe arrival
of her husband at Goruckpore, where he has fallen
in with some European troops. The officers of those
regiments that have made themselves scarce are all
learning gun drill, that they may serve as artillery-
men in time of need ; there is also a volunteer cavalry
corps formed of a select few ; numbers had to be
rejected, from being such abominable riders. Captain
Weston told us this morning, to our extreme dismay,
that the little notes we sent on the 12th and 13th
did not get far ; those going up country were de-
stroyed, and those going down buried, and the man
cannot recollect where their grave is ; so all the dear
ones at home will be terribly anxious, not even
getting a line to say we are alive : I hope though
now we shall soon be able to write by post. Mr.
Schilling's bearer followed the example of ours the
other day, and decamped, robbing his master to the
tune of 150 rupees ; ours took nothing with him ;
fortunately the rest of our people are all behaving
very well, and have not even plagued us for money, as
some of them are doing. Our Syces come from the
Martiniere every morning and report the horses
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 71
quite well. All the clouds are gone, and the weather
as hot as ever. I am making a flannel coat for little
Bobbie Fayrer. Dr. Partridge has done Guy Man-
nering, and begun Quentin Durward to us. Dear
James is much better, though his throat and chest
are still bad.
June 27.
It is dear old Ben B.'s birth - day : — many
happy returns of it do I wish her. Little Bobbie
Fayrer is a year old to-day. Sweet little fellow,
I never saw a more lovely boy than he is. A
letter from Sir H. Wheeler last night; they are
still holding out bravely ; but he says their suf-
ferings have exceeded anything recorded in his-
tory. Nearly all the children and most of the
women have died from the effects of the sun ; and
there is a fearful list of killed and wounded. The
General's son, Mr. Wheeler, of the 1st N. L, who
was our landlord, and lived next door to us the first
six months we were at Peshawur, was killed by a
round shot at his father's side as the poor old man
was finishing his letter. The enemy have two 24-
pounders, three mortars, and eight other guns, which
72 A LADY'S DIARY OF
they fire on the besieged night and day. Ten days
after the barracks were knocked down, the unhappy
people had no shelter whatever from the sun. Ladies
and children sat under tables and chairs out in the
open. The General says they can hold out till the
2nd, by which time they hope to obtain relief from
Allahabad. Two regiments of infantry and two
guns, and 200 Seikhs, were starting from there on
the 24th : oh, I trust they will be in time. They
say our salutes yesterday put the insurgents at
Nawab Gunge in a great state of excitement. News
has been received that 11 persons, ladies and gen-
tlemen, escaped from Seetapore, and are hiding in
the jungles, protected by a rajah, who is very civil
to them, and that the two Miss Jacksons and their
brother are among them ; it was positively asserted
that they had been killed at Seetapore, the natives
declaring they had seen their bodies, which leads
one to hope that others reported dead may be found
alive some day. There are 800 soldiers arrived at
Allahabad, and two of the Persian Gulf regiments
have returned and are started from Calcutta, so we
may hope soon to have a sufficient number for our
protection up here.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 73
June 29, St. Peter's Day.
I think it must be ten years since uncle Augustus
was consecrated Bishop of , and M. first dined
at our house. They will be remembering this
anniversary at home. How sad all anniversaries
seem now ! But, alas ! how little they are thinking
at home that, perhaps, this is the last that we
shall ever see. I have no heart to write, for it
appears next to impossible that letters or journal
will ever reach the dear ones for whom they are
written. There are such terrible reports from
Cawnpore, I can hardly bear to put them down.
SIEGE COMMENCED.
Lucknow, June 30, 1 857, Tuesday.
A most disastrous day. Early this morning we
were awoke by the sound of guns passing the house,
and found that a small force of 300, with seven guns,
were going out to meet the advanced guard of the
enemy, which was reported to be at a place called
Nawab Gunge, in hopes, by driving them back, of
74 A LADY'S DIARY OF
preventing the rest from coming on. When they
reached the village of Chinhut, about five miles from
Lucknow, instead of a small force they found the
whole rebel army, amounting to between 12,000
and 15,000. Our unfortunate troops were taken at
a disadvantage, completely surrounded, and obliged
to fly back in terrible disorder, leaving nearly 200
killed and wounded, and five of our guns, one of
them a howitzer, in the hands of the enemy. It
was little less than miraculous that any of them
came back alive. Poor Colonel Case, Captain
Stevens, Mr. Thompson, and Mr. Brackenbury, and
Captain M'Clean, of the 71st N. I., were killed. Sir
Henry Lawrence and Colonel Inglis returned all
safe. At nine o'clock we were in a state of siege,
completely invested by the enemy, and tremendous
firing commenced. A very fierce attack was made
on the Bailee Guard Gate at the back of this house.
The enemy's guns opened upon our intrenchments
while we were dressing for breakfast ; and we were
shouted at to rush down to the underground room
before we were half ready : so I seized my hair
out of the hands of the frightened Ayah, and cut
it off just at the plaits. She instantly burst
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 75
forth into piteous lamentations and decamped this
evening, thinking the loss of my hair was a sign
that all was up with us. And now the ladies
and children were all huddled together in the
underground room, called the Tye Khana, damp,
dark, and gloomy as a vault, and excessively dirty.
Here we sat all day, feeling too miserable, anxious,
and terrified to speak, the gentlemen occasionally
coming down to reassure us and tell us how things
were going on. James was nearly all the day in
the hospital, where the scene was terrible : the place
so crowded with wounded and dying men that they
had no room to pass between them, and everything
in a state of indescribable misery, discomfort, and
confusion. The Polehamptons have left the Resi-
dency, and got a little room in the hospital to live
in. Mrs. Folehampton will make herself useful
there in nursing. I wish I could go too, but there
is no room for us, and James says it is too great a
risk for me going backwards and forwards under
fire each time, so I must try to be of use here
instead.
July 1, Wednesday.
Poor Miss Palmer's leg was shot off this after-
76
A LADY'S DIARY OF
noon at the Residency. Sir Henry L. too had a
very narrow escape ; a round shot passed just
above his head through the room in which he was
sitting. The firing has been incessant the whole
day, and we have been close prisoners to the Tye
Khana.
July 2, Thursday.
Sir Henry Lawrence was mortally wounded about
half-past eight this morning, from the bursting of a
shell in the Residency. He was on his bed, and
Captain Wilson was reading some papers to him,
when he was hit by an enormous piece of shell, and
his left leg nearly taken off just below the thigh.
He was brought over to this house immediately.
James prayed with him, and administered the Holy
Communion to him. He was quite sensible, though
his agony was extreme. He spoke for nearly an
hour, quite calmly, expressing all his last wishes
with regard to his children. He sent affectionate
messages to them and to each of his brothers and
sisters; he particularly mentioned the Lawrence
Asylum, and entreated that Government might be
urged to give it support ; he bid farewell to all the
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 77
gentlemen who were standing round his bed, and
said a few words of advice and kindness to each.
His nephew, Mr. George Lawrence, he blessed
most affectionately, and told him he regarded him
as a son. He spoke of his wife, who died about
four years ago, most affectingly, and expressed the
deepest penitence and remorse for his own sins, and
most perfect trust and faith in his Saviour. James
says he never met with such a humble-minded
Christian, or attended a more truly beautiful and
edifying death-bed. There was not a dry eye there ;
every one was so deeply affected and grieved at the
loss of such a man, and we all felt as if our best
friend and support was taken from us. I shall never
forget the miserable feeling of despair which seemed
to take possession of us, as if our last hope were
gone. Poor Sir Henry's screams and groans of
agony ail day have been fearful to hear. He has
named Major Banks as his successor in the chief
authority. This has been a wretched day. Lieut.
Dashwood was severely contused by the falling of
bricks from the striking of a rotmd shot at the
Post-office battery. He was brought here soon after
Sir Henry L. ; and Captain Power, an officer of the
78 A LADY'S DIARY OF
32nd, was shot in the front verandah. The fire all
day has been more tremendous than ever. The
enemy seem to have found out that Sir Henry is
still alive and where he is, for they direct their fire
especially on this house. Last night we were very
much startled by the blowing up of the Muchee
Bhowan Fort ; the shock was terrific, and at first we
did not recollect what it was, though we had been
told what was to happen. The garrison arrived
here quite safely, not a shot having been fired at
them.
July 3, Friday,
I was up stairs all day, nursing Sir Henry, who
still lingers in extreme suffering ; his screams are so
terrible, I think the sound will never leave my ears ;
when not under the influence of chloroform, he is
quite conscious, and J. has been reading to him all
day psalms and prayers as he was able to bear
them. He several times repeated them after him
in quite a strong voice. Once we thought he was
going, but he rallied, and has taken an immense
quantity of arrowroot and champagne during the
day. Once when I was feeding him he looked at
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 79
me so hard, as if he was trying to remember who I
was. The firing has never ceased for a second the
whole day.
July 4, Saturday.
Sir Henry L. died at a quarter past eight this
morning. His end was very peaceful, and without
suffering. J. was with him. I came into the room
a minute after he had breathed his last : his expres-
sion was so happy one could not but rejoice that his
pain was over. Half an hour before he died, his
nephew, Mr. George Lawrence, was shot through
the shoulder in the verandah. I have been nursing
him to-day, poor fellow ; it was so sad to see him
lying there in the room with his uncle's body,
looking so sad and suffering. About twelve I
was obliged to ask J. to have the body carried
outside, so he called some soldiers to help carry
the bed into the verandah. When they came
in, one of the men lifted the sheet off poor
Sir Henry's face, and kissed him. Last night
nearly all the servants ran away: two khitmut-
gars, five punkah coolies, three sweepers, four
ayahs, and Mrs. D.'s baby's wetnurse, only re-
80 A LADY'S DIARY OF
mained behind. We are all obliged to put our
shoulders to the wheel and divide the work between
us. Mr. Schilling has sent us three little Mar-
tiniere boys to help. A soldier of the 32nd, called
Metcalfe, has taken charge of dear old Bustle for
us. He was so much in the way down in the
Tye Khana, and received such black looks from
and , we were afraid we should have
been obliged to condemn him to death as the most
merciful way of getting rid of him, when this de-
lightful man, who is on guard at this house, offered
to take charge of him for us till better days should
come. Mr. Ommaney, the Judicial Commissioner,
was shot through the head yesterday, and is not
expected to live. He came here to see poor Sir
Henry, and was wounded on his way home.
July 5, Sunday.
We had service, and all received comfort in the
Holy Communion downstairs in the Tye Khana.
Work was portioned out, to each of us who are
strong enough to do any, by James this morning.
My share is to act housemaid, and keep the rooms
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 81
we inhabit tidy and clean: I am also to nurse
Mr. Lawrence, and any sick or wounded who may
be brought to this house. We all sleep (that is,
eleven ladies and seven children) on the Ifloor of the
Tye Khana, where we spread mattresses and fit
into each other like bits in a puzzle, so as best to
feel the punkah. The gentlemen sleep upstairs in
a long verandah sort of room on the side of the
house least exposed to fire. My bed consists of a
purdah and a pillow. In the morning we all roll
up our bedding, and pile it in heaps against
the wall. We have only room for very few chairs
down there, which are assigned to invalids, and
most of us take our meals seated on the floor, with
our plates on our knees. We are always obliged
to light a candle for breakfast and dinner, as the
room is perfectly dark. Our usual fare consists of
stew, as being easiest to cook : it is brought up in
a large deckger, so as not to dirty a dish, and a
portion ladled out to each persoa Of course we
can get no bread or butter, so chapatties are the
disagreeable substitute. We have large stores of
beer, wine, tea, arrowroot, sago, &c, which will last
a long time. Our rations of meat, rice, wheat,
G
82 A LADY'S DIARY OF
dhol, &c. , we draw from the commissariat. We are
all kept close prisoners to the dismal Tye Khana,
only Mrs. D. and I go upstairs at all during the
day — she to see her husband and I to look after
Mr. Lawrence. For about half an hour in the
evening we are permitted to sit in the portico and
breathe a little fresh air. After sunset the firing
generally slackens considerably for a time, and it is
supposed the sepoys are engaged just then in cook-
ing their dinner. Mr. Ommaney died this evening :
what a dreadful blow it must be to his poor wife
and daughters !
July 7, Tuesday.
Mr. Polehampton was shot through the body this
morning. He was in his own room, shaving, and a
musket-ball came through the window. I am
delighted to say the wound is not mortal. The
bullet entered his side and came out at his back,
but no vital part was touched, and he is going on
well. Captain Francis of the 13th N. I. had his
leg taken off by a round shot to-day.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 83
July 8.
Captain Francis died. A little girl at the Begum
Kotee was killed to-day by a round shot. James
has five or six funerals every night. He has very
hard work of it now Mr. Polehampton is laid up ;
and going down to the churchyard to bury, he is
exposed to a hot fire the whole time. I feel so
terribly heartsick and anxious till I see him come
back again safe ; but God will, I trust, protect him
in his perilous duties.
July 9, Thursday.
This has been a dreadful day. Poor Lieut. D.
died of cholera : he was taken ill about four o'clock
this morning, and before two he was dead. His
poor wife never left him from the time she was
first called, which was about five. At first Dr.
Fayrer was not alarmed, thought it a very slight
case, and that he would recover; but he never
rallied at all. James said prayers with him and
gave him the Holy Communion. His brother was
with him when he died. My patient, Mr. Lawrence,
G 2
84 a LADY'S DIARY OF
went back to his own quarters this morning, con-
valescent.
July 10, Friday.
Young Mr. Dashwood wounded himself in the
leg while cleaning his own pistol this morning. He
is likely to be laid up some time, as they cannot
find the ball.
July 12, Sunday.
We had service upstairs in the hall. Tremendous
fire kept up all last night.
July 13, Monday.
Mr. Charlton of the 32nd shot through the head.
July 14.
Very heavy firing all day : ten Europeans wounded :
five buried this evening.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 85
July 16, Thursday.
Poor Mrs. Thomas died of small-pox. She was
staying here before the siege began, and has since
been living at the Begum Kotee. Mr. Lester, who
was shot yesterday, died to-day. There were six
funerals this evening.
I finished a flannel " jumper " for Captain
Weston, and began a flannel shirt for Mr. Pole-
hampton ; his wife is so much engaged nursing him
and other sick in hospital, she has no time to work.
James had a most providential escape to-day. As
he was going down to the graveyard a round shot
fell between him and the dhoolie next to which he
was walking, and threw up the earth all over him.
Mr. Brice of the artillery, an old Peshawur friend,
was wounded to-day. Little Mary Strongways died
of cholera.
July 17, Friday.
Four round shot came through the house to-day
mercifully none of us were touched.
86 A LADY'S DIAEY OF
July 19, Sunday.
Mr. Arthur of the 7th Cavalry was killed this
morning, and two officers wounded in the Resi-
dency. Poor Mr. Polehampton was seized with
cholera : James went over to see him, and found
him as ill as he could be, and frightfully altered ;
he would hardly have known him. There is no
hope of his recovery.
July 20, Monday.
Mr. Polehampton died at half-past eight this
morning. J. sat up all last night with him, and
was with him when he died. His poor wife is
stricken to the earth by this terrible blow. God
help her ! J. says she is wonderfully calm. This
evening he read the funeral service alone with her
over her husband's body, before taking it away
with the others for burial. She was extremely
anxious he should have a coffin, a wish it seemed
impossible to gratify ; but J. instituted a search,
and found one stowed away with some old boxes
under the staircase in the hospital ; and he also
THE SIEGE OF LUCKWW. 87
had a separate grave dug for him. Since the
siege the bodies have always been buried several in
the same grave, and sewn up in their bedding,
as there are no people and there is no time to make
coffins.
The enemy made a very strong attack to-day ; it
began at 10 o'clock and lasted three hours, when
they gave it up. Two 18 -pounders came through
the room Em. B. and I used to sleep in, and
where we have since always gone to perform an
alarmed and hurried toilet; it was impossible to
wash and dress down in the Tye Khana, so we
have hitherto braved the danger. J. was in the
room this morning at his ablutions when the round-
shots came through ; he was quite smothered with
dust, as a great piece of wall and ceiling came down,
but was most mercifully saved from hurt. I was
dreadfully frightened when I heard the noise, for I
knew he was in the room. I really felt paralyzed
with terror, till I heard him call out he was " all
right !" He was obliged to creep out of the rubbish
almost in a state of nature, as he was just in the
act of bathing when the shot struck the room.
We have by degrees crept upstairs during the day
88 A LADY'S DIARY OF
and sat in the little entrance-hall, which is consi-
dered tolerably safe ; but this morning we were all
hurried down to the lower regions in double-quick
time. We dress now in a tiny barricaded closet out
of the dining-room, where no balls have come yet.
We had two killed and nine wounded this morning
during the attack. There were nine funerals to-night
— the largest number since the battle of Chinhut.
Mrs. Polehampton has left the hospital and gone to
a room at the Begum Kotee, which she shares with
Mrs. Barbor and Mrs. Galle, both widows, whose
husbands were murdered by the mutineers.
We have had no less than eight round-shot through
this house to-day.
July 21, Tuesday.
Three weeks since the siege begaa Poor Major
Banks was shot this morning on the top of the
Gubbins's house. There was a fierce attack made
on that side to-day. Dr. Bryden of the 71st was
wounded, but not mortally ; he was shot whilst at
dinner.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 89
July 22, Wednesday.
Mrs. Dorin, one of the fugitives from Seetapore,
was killed in the Gubbins's house to-day, shot
through the head in her room. Two shells burst
in the churchyard last night not forty yards from the
grave where J. was standing.
Now that Major Banks is dead, there is no Chief
Commissioner. Colonel Inglis of the 32nd is Bri-
gadier, and commands the garrison, which is entirely
under military authority.
July 24, Friday.
No casualties to-day, and only one funeral.
Mrs. D. is very poorly, and quite unequal to
the charge of her children ; so I am now head
nurse as well as housemaid, and find plenty to do,
which keeps my thoughts from dwelling too much
on the misery and horror that surround us. Ally
D. is a dear little boy of two, and Herbert, the
baby, is ten months old; their poor mother is ex-
pecting her confinement again before long.
I am making her a black dress.
90 A LADY'S DIARY OF
July 25, Saturday, St. James's Day.
Poor Mr. Polehampton's effects were sold to-day,
and realised 700 rupees (70?.)
Both the little D.s are ill with diarrhoea, and I
am up half the night with them. The Boileau
children and Bobbie Fayrer have it too ; our rest is
much disturbed ; what with the frequent night attacks
of the enemy, the crying and illness of the poor
children, the rats and mice which run over us, the
heat, and the sleepiness of the punkah coolie, un-
broken sleep is a luxury we have long been strangers
to. We take it in turns to watch during the night
for an hour each ; mine is the second watch, from
10 to 11. Mrs. Boileau takes from 9 to 10, and
wakes me just as I am in my first slumber. I don't
exactly know what is gained by these night watch-
ings, except that we are all very nervous, and are
expecting some dreadful catastrophe to happen, so
that the rest go to sleep more easily, if one of the
party is known to be awake. The ladies who are
delicate, as Mrs. D., Mrs. Fayrer, Mrs. Anderson,
and Emily B., are exempted from keeping watch.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 91
July 26, Sunday.
The first news that greeted us this morning was,
that a pensioner, Unget by name, who had been
sent to Cawnpore with a letter, had returned with a
despatch from Colonel Fraser Tytler, the Quarter-
master-General of the troops under General Have-
lock, who is advancing to our relief with a large
force, and hopes to be here in four days. These
joyful tidings put us all in the highest spirits. It
seems as if one could never be thankful enough for
the deliverance which is at hand.
Smith, one of our little Martiniere servants, was
shot through the leg this morning, running with a
note from Miss Schilling to her brother.
J. was sent for to see a lady at the Gubbins's house,
dying of cholera (Mrs. Grant) ; her husband was
on another bed in the same room, and one of their
children died yesterday. The husband and wife
partook of the Holy Communion together for the last
time on earth. Mr. Lewin of the Artillery was
killed at the Cawnpore gate ; his wife is expecting
her confinement ; she has one little girl, the age of
Herbert D.
92 A LADY'S DIARY OF
July 27, Monday.
There was an attack in the night which alarmed
us, but the enemy as usual were soon driven back.
Captain Shepherd was killed. Mrs. Grant died this
morning.
July 29, Tuesday.
Colonel Halford died this morning ; he has been
ill with a carbuncle ever since the siege began, but
we had no idea his end was so near.
J. said prayers with him this evening. . . .
The poor daughter is much to be pitied. . . .
There was great excitement in the garrison tins
afternoon ; firing was distinctly heard, and we all
came to the conclusion our much longed for relief
was near ; some of the soldiers began to cheer, and
sentinels on the top of the house declared they could
distinguish the advance of European troops in the
direction of the Martiniere park ; time passed, no-
thing came of it, a reaction took place, our spirits
fell to the lowest ebb, and at length we were told
the guns which had so rejoiced our hearts were
fired in honour of a puppet King of Oude, aged 1 1,
who was proclaimed to-day. I have finished Mrs.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 93
D.'s black dress, and feel rather proud of it, as I
have done every stitch myself. Captain Grant died
of his wounds to-day : he has been unconscious the
last two days, and never knew that his wife was
dead ; the last time he spoke of her, he thought she
was better, and was too ill to be told she had pre-
ceded him. The doctors forbade it ; but I should
think it would have comforted him.
August 2, Sunday.
This is the Buckraeede, a great Mahomedan
feast, and a grand attack was consequently ex-
pected from the rebel forces, but it has been instead
an unusually quiet day, and we imagine therefore
that many of them have gone off to oppose the
relieving army. Poor little Bobbie Fayrer is very
ill ; I never saw such a sad change as there is in
him from the lovely cherub of a child he was some
time since ; he is now quite a skeleton, and looks
like a little old man. All the children are very
bad ; the want of fresh air and exercise, and the loss
of their accustomed food, have made them all ill.
Little Herbert D.'s wet-nurse is in such a bad
94 A LADY'S DIARY OF
humour, and always threatening to run away, and
declaring her milk is gone, so we have been trying to
wean the poor child, and I feed him with thin arrow-
root and sago mixed with a little milk, but he dis-
likes the change very much, and I fear it does not
agree with him, for he has had diarrhoea, and now
it has turned to dysentery. James has had some
correspondence with Brigadier Inglis about the state
of the churchyard ; the smell there became so hor-
rible, owing to the shallowness of the graves and the
want of workpeople to make proper arrangements,
that the medical men pronounced it positively dan-
gerous for the living to go there, and J. for two
nights read the funeral service over the dead in the
hospital porch, and did not accompany them to the
graveyard: having reported the state of it to the
proper authority, it ended by the Brigadier giving
orders that the graves should be dug the necessary
depth, and a plentiful supply of charcoal spread
over them. James considered that as he is the only
Chaplain here, he must think of his duties to the
living before the dead ; if he were made ill by the
noxious vapours rising from the graves, the former
would be the sufferers.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 95
One of the most serious inconveniences we endure
in consequence of the desertion of the servants is
the loss of a dhobee ; there is only one left, and he
has neither soap nor starch. James made an ar-
rangement with him to wash a few things occasion-
ally, but he merely dips them in water, and brings
them back no cleaner than he received them. I
have washed some myself, but it is such dreadful
hot work it half kills one.
Since Smith was wounded I have undertaken, in
addition to my other work, to wash up the cups and
saucers for the early tea ; and I find every hour of
the day fully occupied. It is a great comfort to have
so much to do, and to feel oneself of some little
use, and helps to keep up one's spirits much better
than would otherwise be possible under the circum-
stances. Dear James is very hard worked, and does
not spare himself the least, so we don't see much of
each other.
August 4.
One of the gunners was shot dead in the verandah
this morning. When I came up stairs to dress, I
saw the poor fellow lying there in a pool of blood.
96
A LADY'S DIARY OF
August 5.
A soldier of the 32nd was shot in hospital this
morning, while sitting on a comrade's bed.
August 6.
Mr. Studdy, a 32nd officer, had his arm shot off by
an 18-pounder.
August 7.
Unget returned last night with another letter.
General Havelock's force was obliged to return to
Cawnpore to oppose the rebels, who were gathering
in their rear, and will not be able to come to the
relief of Lucknow till they get more reinforcements.
Dear James is very poorly to-day, and indeed we
are none of us feeling well. Hard work and want of
fresh air, together with hope deferred, are beginning
to tell upon most people.
August 8, Saturday.
Poor Mr. Bryce died of cholera to-day, and also
Dr. M'Donald. Mr. Bryce had nearly recovered
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 97
from his wound. He was ill a very few hours.
James was with him; but the poor fellow was in
such extreme agony until the collapse came on, he
could not speak or attend to anything.
Aug. 9, Sunday.
Dear J.'s 35th birthday ; and a little siege baby
cousin came into this stormy world. E. presented
Charlie with a small son and heir at eight o'clock
this morning. She felt very unwell all yesterday,
but until the evening we never suspected the cause,
as she did not expect herself to be confined for
another fortnight. I sat up with her all night, and
was with her till master baby made his appearance.
Dr. Partridge attended her, and was very kind. She
suffered very much, poor thing! but bore it most
bravely. Charlie went off at dawn of day, and got a
very nice 32nd woman (Mrs. Roberts), who only just
arrived in time.
Poor Mr. Studdy died to-day of his wound. Mrs.
Hersham's and Mrs. Kendal's babies died. It in
sad the number of children who are dying : they gel,
diarrhoea, for which there seems no cure. We have
H
98 a LADY'S DIARY OF
by mutual consent given up the night watchings.
I suppose we are grown braver, so we voted there
was no necessity for any one to keep awake,
and composedly resign ourselves to the arms of
Morpheus.
August 10, Monday.
I was called up in the night to attend to my wee
siege cousin. Charlie took Mrs. Roberts's place for
some time, but could not manage to pacify his infant
son, who was crying lustily, so at last came down to
call me. I went up and found the poor little thing
required dressing and feeding, both of which opera-
tions I successfully performed, and then put him to
sleep. Charlie went off at daylight to find another
nurse, and brought back a copper-coloured individual
of the name of Scott, who seems a good sort of woman;
and Emmie and baby are both flourishing to-day.
Captain Power has died of his wounds. He was shot
here the same day as Sir H. Lawrence. The enemy
made two heavy attacks on our intrenchments — one
in the middle of the day, and the second this even.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 99
ing: it began just as we were kneeling down to
prayers.
August 11, Tuesday.
Part of the roof of the Residency fell in this
morning, and buried six men of the 32nd : only two
were dug out alive.
August 12, Wednesday.
Major Anderson, our chief engineer, died: he
will be a great loss to the garrison.
August 14, Friday.
The smell in the churchyard is again so offensive
that it has made J. quite ill ; and when he came
back he vomited about two hours incessantly, and
frightened me very much.
Mrs. Fayrer is very ill. She had alarming chole-
ratic symptoms to-day. They have barricaded the
windows in Mrs. D.'s old room, and put her to
bed.
H 2
100 A LADY'S DIARY OF
August 15, Saturday.
Dear J. all right again to-day. Mrs. Fayrer
very ill, and little Bobbie too. I fear little Herbert
cannot recover : he seems to be sinking. It makes
one's heart ache to look at his little suffering face.
He is so weak he scarcely ever cries, and when he
does, it is such a little feeble wail it is pitiable to
hear. We are all coming to sleep upstairs in the
dining-room to-night. The Tye Khana is so damp,
every one is ill, and the dining-room is tolerably safe.
Mrs. Clarke and I have been busy arranging beds
under the punkah, and sewing on a good deep frill
to whisk away the mosquitoes. This is the first
night there has been no funeral.
August 16, Sunday.
Emily's baby a week old. A shell burst in the
verandah outside Mrs. Fayrer's room. She was very
much alarmed, and it is wonderful how she escaped
being hurt. Dr. Fayrer carried her bed into Em-
mie's room, which, being quite in the centre of the
house, is comparatively safe. Now the two invalids
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 101
are together in a sort of hospital. A letter was
brought in from Cawnpore last night. General
Havelock still waiting for reinforcements, and no
hope of relief for us at present.
August 19.
Dear little Herbert D. died at half-past three
this morning. Yesterday he seemed so much better
that Mrs. D. was quite happy about him ; but
fever came on in the night, and we were alarmed
at the way he gasped for breath. Mrs. Boileau
happened to wake, and heard him first. Directly
she looked at him she saw he was dying, and
woke his mother and me. I called up Dr. Part-
ridge, who ordered a warm bath ; and we sent the
" dye " down to prepare some water, but before
she came up with it the little spirit had fled. One
could not grieve ; he looked so sweet and happy ; the
painful look of suffering quite gone, and a lovely
smile on his dear little baby face. We closed his
pretty blue eyes, and crossed his little hands over
his breast, and there he lay by his mother's side till
daylight; then she washed the little body herself,
102 a LADY'S DIARY OF
and put him on a white nightgown, and I tied a
lace handkerchief round his face, as she had no
caps. Charlie D. came over to see her, and we left
her quiet with him and the dead baby till eleven,
when I was obliged to go in and ask her to part with
it. She let me take it away, and I sewed the little
sweet one up myself in a clean white cloth, and
James carried it over to the hospital to wait there
for the evening burials. Poor little Ally is so ill,
it prevents Mrs. D. thinking so much of the loss
of Herbert as she else would. She is so anxious,
poor thing, about her last remaining treasure. He
has fever and dysentery, and his life seems hanging
on a thread. Bobby Fayrer is just as ill, and his
mother also, but the poor little fellow has found a
most devoted nurse in Miss Schilling; and if he
lives, humanly speaking, the Fayrers will owe their
child's life to her unremitting care and attention.
She watches him night and day, and never leaves
his crib for a minute. The poor child is not allowed
to be moved or lifted up. The only fear is Miss
Schilling getting ill herself from over-fatigue and
anxiety, and I wish much I could help her; but
what with looking after Emmie's wants, and nursing
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 103
both Mrs. D. and Ally, besides my housemaid's
work and washing up cups and saucers, &c, I have
as much on my hands as I can manage.
August 23, Sunday.
We had service, with the comfort of the Holy
Communion, at half-past three. Emily and Mrs.
Fayrer came out to church, and lay on two sofas,
looking very interesting invalids. Mrs. Polehampton,
Mrs, Barber, and Mrs. Lewin came to the service.
It was very affecting to see so many newly-made
widows assembled together ; with Mrs. D. and Mrs.
Halford there were five in the same room.
August 26, Wednesday.
Mr. Webb, an officer of the 32nd, was killed in
Mr. Gubbins's compound by an 18-pounder. We are
reduced from this date to half rations.
August 27, Thursday.
A 32nd man badly wounded in the verandah this
morning. There was an auction held to-day of
104
A LADY'S DIARY OF
some stores which belonged to poor Sir Henry
Lawrence. The price things were sold for was
quite laughable. A dozen of brandy fetched 170
rupees; two small tins of soup 55 rupees; a
ham 75 ; a quart bottle of honey 45 ; beer 75 a
dozen, &c.
August 29, Saturday.
The pensioner Unget returned again from Cawn-
pore last night, bringing a letter from General
Havelock, still waiting for reinforcements. Oh !
when will they come ? Sir Colin Campbell is ar-
rived in Calcutta. Delhi is not yet taken, but
expected to fall in twenty days. The Rajah Pat-
tiala has declared himself on our side, and sent a
large force to Delhi. THe Punjaub is all quiet ;
the Seikhs prove faithful.
August 30, Sunday.
This is the last day of the Mohurrum, and there
was a report that the enemy intended attacking us
in force, but they must have changed their minds,
for the firing has been less than usual. Our only two
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 105
kitmughars ran away last night, and great was the
dismay in the household this morning when their
desertion was discovered. No one to light the
kitchen fire or boil the kettle for tea ; we began to
think some of us should be obliged to turn cooks,
not at all a desirable office in such melting weather ;
but happily a friend indeed turned up in Mrs. Need,
a woman Mrs. Boileau engaged some time ago to
take care of her children, who volunteered her ser-
vices in the kitchen. The new chef de cuisine served
us up such a capital breakfast and dinner, we began
to think the departure of the kits rather a good
thing than otherwise, especially as we shall be saved
paying them a large amount of wages due for the
last two months.
August 31, Monday.
Mrs. D. was taken ill this morning and confined
in less than half-an-hour. I had just time to rush
into the gentlemen's room and wake up Dr. Part-
ridge, fly into Emmie's room and get a purdah,
which we rolled her on to carry her into her old
room where the shell had burst, before her third
106 a LADTS DIARY OF
little son made his appearance. I was never more
astonished in my life. When we had set down the
bed I ran to ask Emmie for some baby clothes, as
there were none ready ; before I got back again I
heard a cry, and the first thing I saw was the little
new-born ; the very image of his poor father ; every
one who saw it remarked it instantly. Emmie's
nurse came in to wash and dress the poor little
thing, and James has been all day trying to find a
nurse, but has not yet succeeded, so I have been in
attendance when necessary ; but poor little Ally is
too ill to be left, so I hope we shall find some one to
come soon.
After breakfast Emmie vacated the hospital-room,
as she is now quite well enough to come out, and
we have moved Mrs. D. into her place opposite
Mrs. Fayrer's bed. I have not sat down to-day a
minute ; what with nursing and cooking for invalids,
I never was so busy in my life.
September 1, Tuesday.
I sat up with Mrs. D. and baby last night ; both
were very restless. The baby would not be quiet,
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 107
except in his mother's bed or my arms ; the nurse
came this morning, whom J. succeeded in getting
yesterday. Her arrival was a great relief to me,
little Ally requiring such constant nursing I could
not attend to his mother and him at the same time.
Two Martiniere boys have been taken away to
grind grain by order of the Brigadier ; so we are
again distressed for servants and obliged to work
harder than ever.
September 2, "Wednesday.
J. engaged Mrs. Weston, the sexton's wife, a half-
caste, to come and help in the kitchen, and wash up
plates and dishes. A very sad thing occurred this
evening : Mr. Birch was shot through the body by
some fatal mistake through one of our own loop-
holes. His wife was the daughter of Colonel
Brown, who commanded the artillery at Peshawur,
and whose death-bed James attended a year and a
half ago. She was only married last January, and
escaped with her husband in here from the massacre
at Seetapore a short time before the siege began.
Her ' poor husband lived a few hours after he was
108
A LADY'S DIARY OF
wounded, and James was with him when he died.
Mrs. Birch is expecting her confinement ; her father-
in-law, Colonel Birch, was murdered at Seetapore ;
it is altogether a sad story.
September 4.
Major Bruere, 13th N. I., was killed this afternoon
on the top of the brigade mess ; he has left a wife
and four children.
September 5.
Mr. Graham, one of the officers who escaped in
here from Secrora, committed suicide this morning ;
he was quite out of his mind. His poor wife was
only confined a few days ago, and has just* lost one
of her children. The enemy gave us an attack
to-day about breakfast time, but it did not last long ;
they blew up three mines, none of which did us any
damage.
September 6, Sunday.
It is four years to-day since we sailed from Ports-
mouth, and I looked my last on my own dearest
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 109
father's loved face; shall I ever see Mamma and
the other precious ones again ? God only knows,
and I pray that His will may be done. Baby B.
was christened this afternoon ; his name is Percy
Arthur. I stood proxy for his godmother, who is
Emmie's sister, Mrs. Fulcher ; Henry O'Dowda
stood for his godfathers, Uncle Will and a brother
of Emmie's. The dear little babe looked lovely ;
he is so fair and white, and has such pretty blue
eyes ; he should have been a girl.
September 8, Tuesday.
Captain Simonds, of the artillery, died to-day ;
he was wounded at Chinhut, and has been suffering
ever since ; his wife and children went to the hills
just before the disturbances began. Mr. Schilling
is staying here for a little change ; he is very
unwell.
September 10, Thursday.
Darling little Mary Farrer's fourth birthday;
God bless and keep the dear child ! I long to hear
she is safe and well. The enemy have been com-
110 A LADY'S DIARY OF
paratively quiet the last day or two. The report is
that many of them are departing towards Fyzabad,
which makes us hope that Delhi has fallen. Mrs.
Boileau's youngest child is very ill indeed ; the
others are all better — the two siege babies flourish-
ing. The weather is much cooler, for which one
can't be too thankful. I have the sole charge of
little Ally D., and now he is getting better, but is
not well enough to play about, nor ill enough to lie
down as he used to do ; I seldom have him out of
my arms, and feel rather as if he must be my own
child ; he is getting such a darling.
September 13, Sunday.
Poor little Ina Boileau died in the night ; she
was so very ill all yesterday, we knew she could not
live ; her poor mother, who had been watching her
all night, had fallen asleep quite exhausted, and
when she awoke she found the poor child quite cold
in her arms ; her cry of anguish awoke us all ; poor
creature ! she is distracted, and reproaches herself
with having gone to sleep ; but of course she could
not help it, and she would not allow any one else to
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. HI
watch with her. Captain Mansfield of the 32nd
was seized with cholera during the night and died
this morning. This day year we started for Cash-
mere from Murrie : what a contrast to our present
captive condition, and how little we then dreamt of
what was coming to pass ! The service here was at
half-past two, and we had the comfort of Holy
Communion. Mrs. Polehampton, Mrs. Barbor, and
a few outsiders came. James generally holds four
or five services on Sunday in different parts of the
garrison — this house, the brigade mess, the Tye
Khana of the Kesidency, the hospitals, &c. Besides
visiting the sick and burying, he administers the
Holy Communion at one place or another every
Sunday, taking the different houses in turn. A
prisoner was taken last night ; he was a grass-
cutter of the 7th Cavalry, found straying inside our
intrenchments ; he gave information that news had
been received in the city of General Havelock's
advanced guard having crossed the Ganges ; that
many of the Sepoys had gone off to their villages
with plunder, and that the enemy now surrounding
us consisted of the city people and zemindars of the
country; that the whole of Oude to a man was
112
A LADY'S DIARY OF
hostile to us, but they were very much disheartened
at not yet having been able to take us, and were of
opinion now that if they besieged us for twelve
years they should never succeed, which is satis-
factory for us to hear at all events.
September 14, Monday.
This evening, when James went over to the
hospital, he was dreadfully shocked to find poor
Captain Fulton had just been brought there killed
by a round shot at Mr. Gubbins's bastion ; his head
was completely smashed, and nothing but the mask
of the face left ; he was the chief engineer after
Major Anderson's death, and his loss to the garrison
is irreparable ; he has a widow and six children at
Simla — poor things ! Mrs. D. came out of her room
this evening for the first time; she has got on
famously.
September 15.
Captain Fullerton died last night ; he walked out
of the hospital window in the upper story, whether
in sleep or delirium is not known ; he was taken up
THE SIEGE OF LTTCKNOW. 113
insensible, and never spoke again. A round shot
came through the hospital whilst James was there this
evening and passed from one end to the other two
feet above the men's beds, alarming the poor invalids
most terribly.
September 17, Thursday.
The eightieth day of the siege. We were all
sitting out in the verandah this evening when an
8-inch shell fell and exploded in a lane opposite, not
twenty yards off. No one was touched, but we
all flew into the house like frightened sheep. Mrs.
D. came back to the common sleeping-room to-day,
and Miss Schilling and Bobbie turned into the hos-
pital-room with Mrs. Fayrer. This entailed a fresh
arrangement of beds, which took up some of my
time this afternoon.
September 18.
There was a partial eclipse of the sun between
nine and ten this morning. The natives look upon it
as a bad omen, and predict a famine, which, as the
successor of war, is not unlikely to happen.
I
114 A LADY'S DIAKY OF
September 19.
James was sent for last night to see a poor
woman, the wife of a writer, who was shot through
the lungs as she was sitting at work in her room
with her children round her, when a musket ball
came through the window. With this exception
yesterday was a white day in the siege — no funerals,
and no admissions into hospital. The season is
extraordinarily healthy for the time of year ; there
seems to be a special Providence guarding us from
the usual sickness prevailing this month. Dr. Fayrer
says, in his seven years' experience of India, he has
never known so healthy a September. We have
also been mercifully spared epidemics, which would
inevitably have destroyed us, and at one time both
cholera and small-pox seemed impending. There
were several fatal cases both in July and the be-
ginning of August, but they have since totally dis-
appeared. An auction took place this morning on
the property of a 32nd officer who had died. The
value of things has undergone a curious metamor-
phosis; three very old flannel shirts sold for 105
rupees, while a handsome new uniform went for 12.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 115
A pair of old boots sold for 12 rupees, and a bottle
of brandy for 20.
September 20, Sunday.
I was made quite miserable this morning by the
loss of my dear little old Christian Year given me
by darling mother on my seventeenth birthday, and
which has been my constant companion ever since ;
I left it on the hall table for a minute, and when I
came back it had disappeared, and, upon inquiry, I
got out of Anna Boileau that Master Georgie had
walked off with it : the little wretch, however, denied
all knowledge of it, and after vainly endeavouring,
by scolding and coaxing, to make him tell where it
was, and searching every hole and corner of the
house I could think of, I gave it up as hopeless, and
felt quite unhappy all day. In the evening, just
after dinner, up comes Captain Weston with my lost
treasure in his hand. Something of his had fallen
out of window, and in picking it up he discovered
my dear little book among a heap of empty bottles,
where the magpie boy must have hidden and for-
gotten it. We had service here with the Holy
i 2
116 A LADY'S DIARY OF
Communion at half-past two to-day. It is little
Georgie F.'s first birthday — a sad anniversary for
dear Fred. James and I did not forget the pre-
cious little one. What would we not give to know
that both children and Fred are safe and well !
September 21, Monday.
It began raining in the middle of the night, and
we have had quite an English wet day, delightfully
cool.
September 22, Tuesday.
Rain all day. Poor Mr. Cunliffe died.
September 23, Wednesday.
We were all awoke between one and two last
night by the arrival of Colonel Palmer with joyful
tidings that delightful old pensioner Unget, who has
always brought us in the only letters we received
from outside, has come back with one from Sir
J. Outram, dated the 20th, in which he states that
he crossed the Ganges on the 19th with a complete
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 117
army, and, by the blessing of God, will relieve us in
a few days. Mrs. Boileau and Mrs. Anderson hap-
pened to be awake, and heard Colonel Palmer tell-
ing the gentlemen in the next room ; they listened
anxiously to every word, and then woke all the rest
of us to impart the happy news. Oh, it seems really
as if one never could be thankful enough ! the looked-
for relief will come just as all hearts are beginning
to fail. There will doubtless be very hard fighting
before our brave friends are able to raise the siege
for us. The enemy seem as determined and active
against us as ever, and not one whit daunted by the
news they must have had that help for us was at
hand. May God in his great mercy grant us the
victory ! Heavy distant firing was distinctly heard
this afternoon. A round shot, 24-pounder, came
through the window of Mrs. D.'s room to-day and
filled our little dressing-room with dust, but did
no other mischief, though the poor bheestie who was
filling the water-jugs rushed out in a most awful
fright, and could scarcely believe he wasn't killed.
118
A LADY'S DIARY OF
September 24, Thursday.
Distant firing heard all the morning, and numbers
of Sepoys seen flying in disorder from the direction
of Cawnpore. The enemy round us have been re-
markably silent. The excitement in garrison is
intense. Dr. Partridge and Captain Weston went
to the top of the Residency and distinguished plainly
the smoke of the guns, which they fancied were
about four miles distant. Unget, the bearer of good
news, who has brought in all the letters, is to receive
500 rupees for each ; he will get 1500 for the
three. Well does he deserve it. We are indebted
to him for every scrap of news we have been able to
procure from the outer world during three weary
months, so closely have we been invested. He
stated in his last deposition that the number of the
besieging army was 15,000, and the force with Sir
J. Outram 6000, of whom 5000 were Europeans,
and the rest Seikhs. Among the former are 200
gentlemen volunteers, who form a body of cavalry.
Delhi has not yet fallen.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 119
September 25, Friday.
The enemy made two attacks during the night.
Captain Ratcliffe of the 7th Cavalry was mortally
wounded at the Cawnpore battery by a round shot.
He will be a terrible loss to his wife and a very
large family.
Continued firing in the city all day.
September 26, Saturday.
Yesterday evening, on the eighty-eighth day of the
siege, our long-looked for and so often despaired-of
"relief" arrived. Never shall I forget the momen„
to the latest day I live. It was most overpowering.
We had no idea they were so near, and were breath-
ing air in the portico as usual at that hour, specu-
lating when they might be in, not expecting they
could reach us for several days longer, when
suddenly, just at dark, we heard a very sharp fire
of musketry quite close by, and then a tremendous
cheering; an instant after, the sound of bagpipes,
then soldiers running up the road, our compound
and verandah filled with, our deliverers, and all of us
120 A LADY'S DIARY OF
shaking hands frantically, and exchanging fervent
" God bless you's " with the gallant men and officers
of the 78th Highlanders. Sir James Outram and
staff were the next to come in, and the state of
joyful confusion and excitement is beyond all de-
scription. The big, rough-bearded soldiers were
seizing the little children out of our arms, kissing
them with tears rolling down their cheeks, and
thanking God they had come in time to save them
from the fate of those at Cawnpore. We were all
rushing about to give the poor fellows drinks of
water, for they were perfectly exhausted ; and tea
was made down in the Tye Khana, of which a large
party of tired thirsty officers partook, without milk
or sugar, and we had nothing to give them to eat.
Every one's tongue seemed going at once with so
much to ask and to tell, and the faces of utter
strangers beamed upon each other like those of
dearest friends and brothers. In the crowd I
suddenly found myself caught hold of by both hands
and warmly greeted by my old friend Walter Birch.
Two old Peshawur friends also turned up, Captain
Commeline and Mr. Battine. From the latter we
heard the terrible fate of poor Edward and Maggie B.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 121
at Hissar. They were both murdered in May, soon
after the disturbances first began at Delhi. Ed-
ward was shot on the parade-ground, and Maggie
cut to pieces in the house. Willie B. has escaped
to the hills from Bareilly — he and a Mr. Hunter
of his regiment (18th N. I.). The Punjaub has
remained quiet — thanks, humanly speaking, to the
vigorous and stern policy of Sir John Lawrence.
Poor Mrs. Fayrer's brother was killed at Saugor.
Dr. F. has not told her the sad news, as he does not
think her strong enough to bear it. Mrs. Boileau
has letters from her husband, who is safe at Benares.
The enemy's fire was very heavy all yesterday, as
if in defiance, and just before dinner an 8-inch shell
fell and burst in this house ; the pieces were picked
up in all directions, several in Mrs. Fayrer's room,
yet wonderful to relate no one was struck. The
"reinforcement" — for alas! "relief" is the wrong
word — turns out to be very much smaller than we
were led by Unget's statement to expect. They
only started 3000 strong from Cawnpore. The
force consists of parts of the 78th and 90th High-
landers, Her Majesty's 84th, 64th, 5th Fusiliers,
and the 1st Madras Fusiliers, the Ferozepore regi-
122 a LADY'S DIARY OF
ment of Seikhs, 200 volunteer cavalry, and some
artillery. They had a tremendous day's fight to get
in here ; every inch of the ground through the city
was contended for, and the loss of life has been
terrible, some 30 officers and 500 rank and file
killed and wounded. The heavy baggage with
about 500 men and a couple of guns were left out-
side the city at a garden called the Alumbagh, so
that the force which reached us brought with them
no stores or provisions of any kind. Sir James
Outram has made this house his head-quarters ; he
and his staff occupy the long room, in which the
gentlemen sleep, and the drawing-room.
This morning a force was sent out to bring in the
guns which were left outside the intrenchments last
night, and Mr. Thornhill, who acted as guide
through the streets, was dangerously wounded.
Colonel Cooper, of the Artillery, one of the gentle-
men who was drinking tea here last night, was
killed. The guns, however, were safely brought in.
The enemy's fire still continues very annoying,
though it is now from a greater distance, as our
troops occupy the ground immediately round us,
and have taken possession of the Tera Kotee, and
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 123
one of the palaces at the back of this house, about a
quarter of a mile off, called Ferreed Bux.
Our prospects to-day look gloomy enough. The
disappointment is severe at finding the force which
has arrived, instead of being strong enough to
relieve, will in a manner increase our difficulties, by
giving us treble more mouths to feed out of the
scanty provisions left us. All at present is dire con-
fusion and dismay, and faces in garrison longer
even than before. Councils of war are sitting ; as
yet no line of action is decided on. Whether we
are to evacuate Oude, and attempt a retreat on
Cawnpore, or remain at Lucknow, and endeavour
to obtain provisions by force, has yet not been
determined — a retreat through the streets with so
many women, children, sick and wounded, would be
a terrible alternative, and I fancy would only be
adopted as a very desperate measure. There was a
little gleam, however, of sunshine in the shape of
good news of success at Delhi. An extraordinary
event happened to-day. Three prisoners were
brought in, and undergoing a summary trial by
drum-head court-martial, when a round shot struck
and killed the trio. We heard that fifty people,
124
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among whom were several ladies and gentlemen
and native Christians, were murdered in the city at
the approach of General Outranks force ; also that a
party of nine, four gentlemen and five ladies, tried
to join the force on the road coming in, but were
followed by some sepoys, and all cut up almost
within reach of our troops. J. had nineteen funerals
this evening. The hospital is so densely crowded
that many have to lie outside in the open air, with-
out bed or shelter. J. says he never saw such a
heart-sickening scene. It is far worse than after
Chinhut — amputated arms and legs lying about in
heaps all over the hospital, and the crowd and con-
fusion such that little can be done to alleviate the
intense discomfort and pain of the poor sufferers.
I heard last night for the first time the particulars
of the horrible tragedy at Cawnpore. (Then follows
an account, which is here omitted, being already so
well known in England.)
At Jhansi, where Louisa R. had been stationed,
not a soul escaped.* The account of that tragedy
is still more dreadful — children were burnt before
their parents ; wives insulted, mutilated, and mur-
* Yes, a few did, and Mr. Ryves was one.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 125
dered before their husbands, who were kept to the
last and then bayoneted. The Futtyghur people
were blown from guns, and those who escaped
butchered at Cawnpore. How shall we be thankful
enough for the mercy which has hitherto so miracu-
lously been shown to us ? I am very happy to hear
that Simla has been quiet ; so I hope the dear little
ones up there are safe. At Murrie there has been
disturbance, but it was soon put down.
September 27, Sunday.
A sortie was made to take some guns on the
Cawnpore side. The expedition was a failure-^-only
150 went out, not enough to do any good : lost
many lives, and only spiked three guns, which will
be unspiked as soon as their backs are turned. Our
position seems more precarious than ever, as there
is more danger now of starvation. The enemy sur-
rounds us again on all sides, so that retreat from
this dreadful place is next to impossible. One
great danger the arrival of the reinforcement, how-
ever, saved us from, for which we cannot be too
thankful. Three mines were discovered, which had
126 A LADY'S DIARY OF
not even been suspected by the old garrison, and
which, if completed, must inevitably have destroyed
us : one was under the Redan battery, and two
under the Treasury and Bailie Guard, close to the
back of this house.
Mrs. D.'s baby was christened this afternoon
Arthur Frederick ; Charlie D. was one godfather ;
I stood proxv. There were twenty-five funerals
this evening.
September 28.
Our siege is as close as ever. The enemy have
returned in great numbers and broken down all the
bridges leading from the city, so that retreat for us
is out of the question. A kossid arrived this after-
noon with a despatch from Delhi. We have been
victorious there, and taken every part of the city
but the palace, which was expected to fall in a
couple of days. The loss of life has been terrible.
Colonel Nicholson, who commanded a brigade, is
mortally wounded. It was only this time last year
we were dining with him, and feasting on the
delicious grapes he used to send us in Cashmere.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 127
He was such a splendid soldier I am sure his loss
will be severely felt ; and how the death of such a
very dear friend will grieve Colonel Edwardes !
The troops have been resting to-day; they much
needed. The enemy has been tolerably silent.
Michaelmas Day, Tuesday.
Dear old B.'s wedding-day. God bless the dear
old thing ! I daresay she is anxious enough about
our fate. A sortie was made this morning by a
thousand of our men. They blew up four of the
enemy's guns, brought two inside, and spiked others,
besides blowing up about a dozen houses and kill-
ing many of the enemy. The loss on our side was
thirty killed and wounded, among whom I hear five
officers. We had the * Home News ' of the 30th
August lent us to-day. We were all ready to
devour it, so I read aloud all the morning to a most
attentive audience of ladies. It is a comfort to
know that there are 20,000 troops on their way out
from England. I was so delighted to see in a bit
of newspaper which came here, that both Mr.
Ryves and Mr. Tyrwhitt had escaped the Jhansi
massacre !
128 a LADY'S DIARY OF
September 30.
Three months to-day since the battle of Chinhut
and commencement of our siege. I finished my
darling little nephew's frock to-day — oh, I wonder
if he will ever have it ! I have done a great deal
of work during the siege ; besides dear Chip's frock
I made a flannel-shirt for poor Mr. Polehampton,
two for Henry O'Dowde, a jumper for Captain
Weston, a dress for Mrs. D., ditto for myself,
besides baby-things for the siege babies born in
this house.
We bought some very pretty cups and saucers
to-day from a soldier of the 90th. The Ferreed
Bux was full of china and all sorts of valuable
things, and the soldiers are constantly offering
articles for sale. I got a prize in the shape of
seven pairs of thread stockings, which I much
needed.
October 1.
The volunteer cavalry went out last night, with
orders if possible to cut their way back to the
Alumbagh, and on to Cawnpore ; but they were
THE SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. 129
compelled to return before they had gone a quarter
of a mile. The fire which was opened upon them
made it impossible to proceed. The enemy are all
round us again in great force ; they attacked our
outposts in the middle of the night, and there was
tremendous firing for about an hour. There are
several officers here who were at Jellalabad, and
they all say that siege was mere child's play to this.
The investment of this place has been so complete,
that with the exception of the three letters brought
in by " Unget," we have had no communication
whatever with the outer world. Maun Singh, one
of the most powerful of the Oude Rajahs, with
whom Sir James Outram has been trying to nego-
tiate, has declared against us, and is heading the
rebels ; so no hope of aid from that quarter. We
have heard that all the servants who ran away from
the garrison and went into the city were shot,
because they had served Europeans, and they
offered a reward of five rupees for every servant's
head : so the poor creatures gained nothing by their
desertion.
Some troops made a sortie this afternoon to take
the guns on the Cawnpore side. They went very
K
130 A LADY'S DIARY OF
cautiously to work, first taking possession of the
houses which command the battery, and were very
successful : we only lost two men killed and two
wounded. A soldier of the Madras Fusileers was
discovered in a well, where the poor fellow had
been hiding several days ; he had fortunately some
tea-leaves and biscuits in his pockets, on which he
had managed to support life ; he had heard the
enemy all round him, and had not dared utter a
sound ; but his joy was great when he heard
European voices, and he shouted loudly for help in
spite of his exhausted state.
Both poor Mrs. Ouseley's children died to-day,
within ten minutes of each other; the baby was
born the same day as little Percy B. ; the other
was two years : they are first cousins of Sir Frederic's.
We made another sortie, took three more guns,
and blew up several houses. J. took me a little
walk this evening, and I saw for the first time what
terrible destruction has been wrought by shot and
shell on all the buildings round. The Residency I
should never have recognised: it is quite a ruin.
This house is so riddled with balls at the back and
one side, you could scarcely put a pin's head
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 131
between them. I had a visit this evening from a
Captain Scott, 12th N. I., a great friend of Louisa
Ryves' ; he came to make acquaintance, having
heard her speak of me. I heard from him of her
safe arrival with her children in England, and her
husband's escape from Jhansi : he fortunately hap-
pened to be out of the station, and made his way
across country to Agra.
October 4, Sunday.
A year to-day since dear G. F. died. I was glad
the anniversary fell on a Sunday; and I had an
opportunity of attending service and receiving the
Holy Communion, and giving thanks for those dear
ones who we trust are gone to their rest. There
was a very large congregation at the brigade mess,
and they nearly all communicated. It is a great
blessing that now we can have a public service
every Sunday. They arrange the mess-room very
well, and it holds a good number of people. Walter
Birch came to speak to us after church, and told us
he was going out with a force this afternoon to try
and reach the Alumbagh ; and if he reached it in
K 2
132 A LADY'S DIARY OF
safety he would be able to send a letter home, and
would let dearest mother know we were alive and
well. The expedition however was countermanded.
A horrible report was published in Calcutta, that
Lucknow had fallen and we were all massacred : if
this goes to England it will be dreadful. I am so
anxious they should hear the truth as soon as
possible.
Afternoon service was held at this house at three,
and a great many came. In the evening I walked
with C. and E. to call on their regimental doctor's
wife, Mrs. Brydon, at the Ommaney's house, where
they have a snug little room to themselves, instead
of living in public as we do here ; they looked so
cosey we came home quite envious.
October 6, Tuesday.
The enemy attacked our outpost at the Ferreed
Bux this morning, but were repulsed with great loss ;
we lost ten, killed and wounded. The troops have
been withdrawn from the extended position they
occupied down the Cawnpore road — we were not
strong enough to maintain it. The loss in killed
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 133
and wounded since the reinforcement left Cawnpore
was four days ago computed at 800 rank and file
and 50 officers — nearly a third of the force. At
the commencement of the siege there were 150
officers in garrison, out of which number there are
90 killed or wounded. The casualties at this post,
from the 30th of June to £5th of September, were
13 killed and 30 wounded. Weston s (our clerk)
child, Adolphus by name, was shot through the
head in the verandah of the church this afternoon.
October 7.
A 24-pounder came through the window of Mrs.
D.'s room this morning. It was a spent ball
thrown from a great distance, and did not penetrate
the opposite wall. Sir James Outram received a
letter from the Alumbagh this evening, with news
of the safe arrival there of 60 carts of commissariat
stores, escorted by 250 men with two guns. They
had found the road perfectly clear from Cawnpore.
The enemy have received reinforcements from
Delhi. It is now generally acknowledged, that but
for our reinforcement on the 25th of September, we
134 A LADY'S DIARY OF
could never have held out against this tremendous
increase in the number of besiegers : and it is very
doubtful whether any natives would have remained
with us after the 1st if no troops had arrived. In
spite of excessively short commons, there is cause for
great thankfulness for their timely help. Our
rations are considerably reduced, and we often leave
off dinner as hungry as when we began. The
General has put out "an order,'* most lavish in
praise of the Lucknow garrison, which he terms
"more than illustrious."
October 8.
A house blown up to-day, and a large number of
the enemy destroyed.
October 9.
James engaged a Madras servant, a smart-looking
man in a very elaborate turban and yellow " choga,"
and speaks English : his name is Choonia.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 135
October 10.
News come of the complete fall of Delfei. King
and queen in our hands, and complete possession of
the place. It has been a dearly-bought victory —
62 officers and 1300 men fallen; and when the
news left Delhi there were 3000 wounded in hos-
pital. A rebel force of 6000, with 18 guns, had
escaped downwards, and are on their way to Luck-
now; but Colonel Greathed with 3000 men was in
pursuit on the left bank of the Jumna, and hoped
speedily to overtake them.
October 11, Sunday.
Service and Holy Communion at the brigade
mess this morning. Afternoon here at three. J.
also had service and Holy Communion at the
Begum Kotee, for the wounded officers : this, with
two services in hospital, besides visiting the sick and
funerals, is hard work for one day, and he is quite
tired out this evening. A letter came from Cawn-
pore this evening. Colonel Greathed's force had
encountered the rebels at Allyghur, and given
136 A LADY'S DIARY OF
them a thorough beating. We may look for his
arrival at Cawnpore in a few days, and other troops
from Calcutta are on their way ; so our hopes are
once more raised. The weather is getting quite
pleasantly cool, and it is wonderful how all the
children have improved the last few days ; dear
little Ally looks quite a different child, and is
getting fat and rosy again.
October 12, Monday.
Poor Mr. Thornhill died ; he was wounded the
day after the reinforcements arrived, and lost his
arm and his right eye ; his poor little wife only
lost her first baby about a week before : they were
married last January. Dr. Fayrer is ill with fever.
October 13, Tuesday.
The enemy made an attack on the 78th piquet
this afternoon, but were soon driven back.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 137
October 14, Wednesday. '
Emily and I took possession once more of
the room we occupied before the siege. J. and
Charlie have been hard at work getting , the
rubbish cleared out and setting it all in order for
us ; it has had four round shot through it, and was
so knocked about I did not think it could ever
have been habitable again; we only use it as a
dressing-room, but it is a great comfort, having a
private retreat we can be quiet in sometimes ; the
windows are barricaded with boxes filled with earth,
to protect us from musketry, and all the guns on
that side are gone ; so we are supposed to be safe
from round shot at that end of the house. A Seikh
Sowar, who deserted from the garrison some time
ago, returned this morning : he reported that many
deserters in the enemy's camp wished to return to
their allegiance, but I hope we shall have nothing
to do with such double-distilled traitors. We had
nothing for breakfast this morning but choppaties
and boiled peas — very scanty fare. This evening
dear James was coming out of the churchyard,
when he saw a man in front of him tumble over,
138 A LADY'S DIARY OF
he ran to him and found that a round shot had
taken off the poor fellow's leg ; if it had come a
yard or two farther, it would have struck James
instead. There was an auction held to-day : cigars
sold for two rupees a-piece, and a very old flannel-
shirt of poor Captain Fulton's, which had seen
service in all the mines about the place, and was
covered with mud and dirt, sold for forty-five
rupees.
October 15.
James was told to-day the sad details of the fate
of the poor Moncrieffs at Cawnpore. They were
murdered down the river. Mr. Moncrieff begged
for a few minutes, and began offering up a prayer,
but before he had said many words the butchery
commenced. His wife, who had been dragged off
with the other ladies, rushed across to him and clung
to him so closely that the wretches could not sepa-
rate them, so they were both killed together. Their
little child had died before. We have provisions
enough, according to the present rate of rations, to
last till the 25th of November. Our store of wine
and beer is come to an end, and I have finished my
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 139
last piece of soap, and am obliged to use some stuff
called "basin," which is a sort of oatmeal, as a
substitute.
October 16.
We had a visit this morning from Mr. Delafosse,
one of the two officers who escaped the massacre at
Cawnpore. He gave us a long account of the hor-
rible tragedy. . . . Out of 900 English at Cawn-
pore, 400 of whom were women and 200 children,
only four people survived; — Mr. Delafosse, Mr.
Thompson, and two soldiers, one of whom has since
died of cholera. Three boats succeeded in getting
away down the stream, but the enemy pursued them
with two 9-pounders, and they were all sunk before
they had gone a mile. Fourteen men saved them-
selves by swimming. They effected a landing, and
took refuge in a tower, but were soon surrounded,
and the enemy set fire to it and smoked them out.
They then made a rush, and charged through them,
but only four out of the fourteen reached the river.
They swam six miles, and at last landed on the
other side, in the territory of a friendly rajah, who
treated them very kindly, and under whose protec-
140 A LADY'S DIARY OF
tion they remained till they heard of General Have-
lock's advance, and joined his force.
October 17, Saturday.
Mrs. D. and her baby removed to the Om-
maneys'. Mrs. Ouseley persuaded her to come
and occupy a little room which was vacant just
above her's, which she will have to herself. Ally
is left in my charge, as she is anything but strong,
and one child is quite enough for her to take care
of at present. A letter was received this evening
from Cawnpore, giving little information though
about movement of the troops this way, and we are
still ignorant when we may expect relief.
October 18, St. Luke's Day.
We went to church at the brigade-mess this
morning and had service here at three. Since the
arrival of the reinforcements we have been able to
get a few more servants. James has got me a
bearer, who relieves me of the dusting, and now
we have our Madras man and the B.s have got a
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 141
kit there is no need for ladies to wash up cups
and saucers, so I only superintend tha general
work and see that it is properly done. Ally takes
up a great deal of time and attention. Now he
is kept away from natives he begins to talk Eng-
lish and understand anything I say to him in his
mother-tongue. He is a dear little fellow, and
wonderfully improved. After he has gone to bed I
go down and make tea in the Tye Khana. Mrs.
Clarke makes it in the early morning, and Miss
Halford for breakfast; so we divide the labour
between us. It is a long time since we tasted milk
or sugar in our tea ; the goats have been dry for
months, but Mrs. Ouseley sends Ally a little every
day. I am quite used now to no sugar, and don't
mean ever to take to it again.
October 19, Monday.
The enemy gave us an attack last night, and
kept up a tremendous fire for some time. I went
to see Mrs. D. early this morning. She is very
comfortable in her little room, and looks better for
the change. An officer's servant found his way in
142 a LADY'S DIARY OF
from Alumbagh last night with the ' Home News '
of the 25th of August. We had only a glimpse of
it here, and Captain Weston read out loud just the
heads of news — Interest about the state of India in
England intense — Troops started overland — A meet-
ing in London and subscriptions made for the suf-
ferers by the rebellion — The news of Sir H. L.'s
death and investment of Lucknow had been re-
ceived. The crisis of our fate is now approaching
awfully near. We have only provisions till the 25th
of next month, and no certainty yet of relief. The
good health prevailing in the garrison now is quite
extraordinary. This is generally the most sickly
time of year, yet there are no cases of fever, and the
wounded are the only invalids. Soldiers are all the
better for having no grog, and there is no grumbling
about the privation. They are all in excellent
spirits, and the poor 32nd improving every day.
October 20.
General Outram received letters from Cawnpore
last night. A large force is assembling there fast.
Sir Colin Campbell arrived as far as Allahabad.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 143
The Delhi column was thirty-six miles from Cawn-
pore on the 17th. Maun Singh has been making
offers of submission. There was a report in garrison
to-day that the enemy intended making a desperate
attack at 3 p.m. The troops were all under arms,
but nothing came of it.
October 21.
Maun Singh sent a letter to Sir James last night
putting himself under his orders. He has been
desired to send in a vakeel, or accredited ambassa-
dor, to-night. Heavy firing heard out at the Alum-
bagh while we were at breakfast. A boy of the
32 nd was killed by a round-shot at the hospital to-
day, and a man of the 78th Highlanders at the
Residency lookout-tower. Three natives were shot
in Mr. Gubbins's compound. The enemy sprung
two of their mines, but did no mischief.
October 22, Thursday.
No vakeel from Maun Singh appeared last night.
Very heavy distant firing heard ; to-day some say
144 a LADY'S DIARY OF
at Alumbagh, others pronounce it to be much
farther off.
October 23, Friday.
No news in, and no explanation of the distant
firing. I had an escape this evening: a bullet
went through the leg of the chair I was sitting
on; it just glanced upwards and struck me on
the side, but having expended its force on the
chair, I was not hurt
October 24, Saturday.
A rumour is rife in the garrison that the English
troops at Cawnpore have given the rebels another
beating at Bithoor, the Nana's place, and also that
two regiments have arrived at Alumbagh,
October 25, Sunday.
A month to-day since the force which was sent
to relieve us arrived, and here we are as closely
besieged as ever. The distant firing we heard
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 145
the other day was an attack on the Alumbagh,
but the enemy were easily repulsed. Maun Singh
sent a letter to the General to-day ; the purport of
it has not transpired. We went to church at the
Brigade mess, where we received the Holy Com-
munion. Service here at 3 p.m.
October 26, Monday.
Two letters were received from Cawnpore last
night, and news good. The rebels had been de-
feated at Agra, all their guns and ammunition
taken, and 1000 of them killed, with only the loss
of six on our side. The Delhi column, under the
command of Colonel Hope Grant of the 9th
Lancers, was to arrive at Cawnpore on the 1st.
An army of 6000 will be collected there on the
10th, and on the 15th we may expect relief here.
A large quantity of supplies have safely reached the
Alumbagh.
October 27, Tuesday.
Another letter from Cawnpore during the night.
Two officers wounded to-day — Captain Graydon
146
A LADY'S DIARY OF
shot through the lungs, and Dr. Darby hit on the
head by a piece of shell. Maun Singh's vakeel
really appeared this afternoon, and was closeted
for a long time with Sir James Outram's secretary,
Mr. Money, but the nature of their conference is
the profoundest of secrets. Captain Orr has had
news of his brother and wife, Sir Mount Stewart
Jackson and sister, and some other persons, fugi-
tives from Seetapore, seven altogether, have been
brought into the city loaded with irons, and are now
prisoners at the Kaiser Bagh.
October 28, Wednesday.
A letter from Cawnpore was received last night.
The Delhi column arrived on the 26th. After
Agra they had two fights with the rebels — Myn-
poorie and a place near Cawnpore ; at Mynpoorie
we captured two lacs and a half of treasure. Char-
ley Dashwood managed to get a small letter sent
out last night concealed in a quill. He mentioned
both of us in it, so if it ever reaches England
the D.'s will be sure to let darling mother know
THE SIEGE OF LTTCKNOW. 147
that we were alive at this date. I hope in less than
a month we shall be able to write ourselves. Captain
Graydon died to-day.
October 30.
We have been besieged four months to-day.
This morning an 18-pounder came through our
unfortunate room again, which we flattered ourselves
was so safe, and which we had made so comfort-
able. It broke the panel of the door, and knocked
the whole of the barricade down, upsetting every-
thing. My dressing-table was sent flying through
the door, and if the shot had come a little earlier,
my head would have gone with it. The box where
Emily usually sits to nurse baby was smashed flat :
fortunately she was spending the day with Mrs.
Bryden, or she would probably have been in the
room. There was a sale to-day of Colonel Hal-
ford's property, and James bought some plated
dishes a great bargain : they will be very useful to
us if we ever set up house again in India.
l 2
1-18 A LADY'S DIARY OF
Sunday, All Saints' Day.
Thought much of my dearest father and also
G. F. Church services as usual. Little Ally
has a slight fever. I went to see poor little Mrs.
Banks at the Brigade mess this morning ; she looks
very sad. Her baby is immensely grown, and the
picture of health.
November 2, Monday.
The enemy's fire was very severe all day. An
officer was mortally wounded at the Ferreed Bux.
A letter was received this evening from Cawnpore-
The Commander-in-Chief was to be there to-day.
November 3, Tuesday.
Little Ally D. has a rash which is said to
be chicken-pox. Dr. Partridge and Dr. Fayrer
both say there is no use in sending Ally out of the
house ; by this time the other children most likely
have taken the infection if they are to have it, and
the complaint is so trifling that it is of no conse-
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 149
quence if they do get it. I have therefore not
urged Mrs. D. to take Ally away, and she thinks
he had better stay here. As there are so many
children in the Ommaneys' house, it would not
be fair to take him there with the complaint on him,
so the poor little man stays here.
November 4.
The anniversary of my own dearest father's birth-
day. This day year we crossed the Cashmere terri-
tory in our way back to Peshawur, and I wrote to
wish him many happy returns of the day, little
thinking he would never see another in this world,
and now it is nearly ten months since he was taken
from us. He has been spared all the grief and
anxiety I fear my darling mother must have suffered
all these weary months.
We have been more shocked and grieved to-day
than I can express. Poor Charlie Dashwood has
had both legs taken off by a round shot. He was
sketching in the Residency compound when the
fatal ball struck him. James has been with him
several times during the day. Mrs.
150 A LADY'S DIARY OF
D. went to him as soon as the sun was down.
He knew her, but spoke little, and was so low. I
fear he will not live through the night. He will be
a sad loss to her. Ever since his brother's death he
has been so good and kind to her ; he was such a
very nice boy, a favourite with every one, and such
a tall handsome fellow. He was in high spirits this
morning because he had heard of the safe arrival
of hjs home letter at Alumbagh. What a dreadful
shock it will be to his dear ones when they hear
what has happened since he wrote it !
November 5, Thursday.
The enemy attacked last night, and kept up a
very fierce fire between nine and ten. Poor Charlie
D, is better to-day, and there is just a little ray of
hope that he may yetlive to go home.
November 6, Friday.
I went over to the hospital this morning with
Mrs. D. to see her poor brother, but he was having
his wounds dressed, and we could not see him,
poor fellow Mrs. D. is looking
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 151
quite ill again ; she is so knocked up with going
to the hospital before breakfast, that J. has asked
Dr. Scott to lend his palanquin, which is to take her
over there in the middle of the day, which will be a
much better arrangement for her.
Capital news has come at last. A letter arrived
from Cawnpore this evening, and " by the 10th, at
latest" a force of 6000 men is to arrive at the
Alumbagh.
November 7, Saturday.
The weather has suddenly become quite cold.
A 24-pounder came through the house again this
morning, but did no damage, though Mr. Chamier,
the aide-de-camp, had a narrow escape. I have got
a little dressing-room to myself now ; it is a passage-
room, leading into Mrs. Fayrer's bedroom, but Ally
and I are very snug in it. Emmie is gone back
into our old room, which Charlie has doubly barri-
caded. They say that ball was a chance shot ; but
I did not like the idea of risking such a visitor
again.
I went this evening to see poor Charlie D. Oh,
152 a LADY'S DIARY OF
it was so sad to see him lying there with his two
poor legs gone. They were taken off just below
the knee. He spoke quite cheerfully, and is hopeful
about himself. The doctors say he has done better
than they could possibly have expected.
November 8, Sunday.
Service and Holy Communion at the Brigade
Mess; 55 communicants. After church we walked
home with Mrs. Polehampton ; she showed me the
little sketch Mrs. Barbor has done for her of the
church and churchyard, with her husband's grave.
She is having a marble slab put over it. There is
a stonecutter in the 90th, and he has got a bit of
marble from the palace, and is doing it for her.
She is so pleased about it, poor thing. Captain
Maclean has taken some first-rate sketches of dif-
ferent places in the garrison ; they are to be in the
Illustrated News.
November 9, Monday.
Poor C. D. took a bad turn in the night, and
was quite delirious when J. went to him this morn-
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 153
ing. He has been wandering all day, but Dr. Boyd
does not yet consider his case quite hopeless. It
will indeed be wonderful if he lives, for not a
single case of amputation during the siege has re-
covered.
The enemy have been annoying us all day with a
9-pounder. Two Europeans were mortally wounded
close to our gate, and the compound and verandah
are thought so unsafe we are not allowed outside
the hall-door this evening.
Mr. Kavanagh, the head clerk in Mr. Cooper's
office, disguised himself as a native, and went out
to-night to attempt reaching the Alumbagh. It is
a fearful risk, for the poor man is almost sure to be
taken ; but he volunteered, and would not be dis-
suaded. Should he get there safe, he will be able
to give an exact account of our state, and show
them the best way in.
November 10, Tuesday.
Great excitement. Distant guns heard for several
hours this morning. At half-past two every ear was
listening for a salvo of artillery which was to be fired
154 A LADY'S DIARY OF
from the Alumbagh as a signal that the relieving
army had arrived. There was some mistake how-
ever about it ; and though guns were fired, we re-
mained in a state of uncertainty as to their mean-
ing till eight o'clock in the evening, when a bonfire
lighted on the top of the Residency was immediately
replied to by a blue light from the Alumbagh ; and
the General announced that his doubts were satis-
fied, and our friends really there.
A flag hoisted at the Alumbagh this morning,
which was the signal that Mr. Kavanagh had safely
arrived there.
November 11.
A very quiet day. No news from the Alumbagh,
but the arrival of the Commander-in-Chief seems
generally believed, so I hope it will be made certain
to-morrow.
November 12, Thursday.
There was a good deal of firing. A telegraphic
communication has been established with the Alum-
bagh by means of semaphores, and conversations
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 155
have been going on continually all day. We have
ascertained that Sir Colin C. arrived this morning,
and intends advancing with the force on Saturday ;
that Mr. Kavanagh reached Alumbagh in safety;
and that the enemy were so bold as to make an
attack there this morning, and were repulsed, with
the capture of two guns. Our meat out of the
kitchen was stolen while we were at breakfast to-day,
so we had none for dinner ; but fared very well on
an extra quantity of rice and peas, flavoured with a
tin of salmon and a bonne louche afterwards in the
shape of a bottle of honey presented by Captain
Weston. Mr. Gubbins wrote to ask James for a
description of the Highlanders rushing in here on
the 25th September. I believe he is writing a book,
and an account of the gallant fellows' emotions at
the sight of the ladies and children will form an
interesting page of his volume, for it was indeed a
most striking and affecting scene. They telegraphed
from the Alumbagh just now that the force would
advance to-morrow " without fail" On to-morrow's
success, therefore, hangs our fate ! After the most
merciful — miraculous way we have hitherto been
preserved, it would be wicked to doubt for a moment
156 A LADY'S DIARY OF
that our relief will be accomplished ; and yet one
cannot think of the crisis, now it is so near, without
trembling ; and it is awful to remember, too, how
many precious lives must be sacrificed in order to
ensure our safety. Colonel Campbell of the 90th
died to-day. He was wounded very slightly the day
the reinforcements came in with Havelock and Sir
James Outram, but yesterday his leg was obliged
to be amputated. I fear poor Charlie D. is sink-
ing. Mrs. Ouseley is dangerously ill. The enemy
has been wonderfully quiet to-day. They blew
up a mine, and blazed away furiously for about
ten minutes this afternoon, but very soon subsided
into silence again. My dear husband had a merciful
escape this morning. As he was going into hospital
a round shot passed close over his head, and entered
the wall just above him.
November 14, Saturday.
A very anxious day. The Commander-in-Chief
advanced on the Martiniere, which he now holds.
There was no firing heard till about eleven o'clock,
when it continued very heavy for about three hours,
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 157
and totally ceased in the afternoon. A great many
of the enemy have been seen from the " look-outs "
making off in various directions. This evening a
blue light was seen on the top of the Martiniere. It
is supposed that our force met with little opposition ;
but no messenger or news of any sort has come in.
Mrs. Ousel ey died this morning : she has been ill
only a few days, but she had no strength left ; her
two children died on the same day, 1st October ;
and her poor sister, Miss Palmer, was killed by a
round-shot at the beginning of the siege. Mr.
Ouseley is first cousin of Sir Frederick ; poor man !
I pity him very much : his whole family has been
swept away in this cruel siege. Captain Weston
was telling me this evening, that of the garrison
of this house, maintained at 45, there had been
killed or wounded 47, that is the whole strength of
the garrison and two over.
James, in reading over my journal, is quite af-
fronted because I have omitted to record that since
the 30th of May, the night of the meeting in canton-
ments, he has gone to bed in his clothes, or rather
has not gone to bed at all. Ready for any emergency,
until a few nights ago he slept on the floor, with a
158 a LADY'S DIARY OF
wadded curtain or " purdah " to lie on. The gen-
tlemen have lately moved their beds into the front
verandah, and found "charpoys," or native bed-
steads, to sleep on, which is much more comfortable.
When we slept down in the Tye Khana the first
two months of the siege, we all used to lie down
ready dressed, in case of any alarm ; and it is only
lately that we have regularly undressed and
equipped ourselves for the night, as in ordinary
times.
November 15, Sunday.
We expected great things to have been done
to-day ; but the Commander-in-Chief seems to have
stayed quietly at the Martiniere, and very little
firing at all has been heard. There are various
conjectures as to the cause of his delay. One idea,
which seems probable, is that they have been throw-
ing a bridge over the river close to the Mar-
tiniere ; and a village on the opposite side was seen
to be in a blaze, so that it is not unlikely that part
of the force may have crossed this evening — but it
is very tantalising knowing nothing positive. The
enemy continues pertinaciously popping into us.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 159
An ayah was shot in the eye this afternoon in this
compound, and a shell burst on the roof of the
Residency. This evening there is a great deal of
firing going on all round.
Oh ! when will it all cease ?
November 16, Monday.
Our troops have had success to-day; but as I
cannot remember the names of the places they have
taken, and am quite ignorant of the localities, I
cannot attempt to describe the movements which
have taken place. A force went out from this
garrison and stormed some of the enemy's positions,
and I hear our loss was as small as could possibly
have been anticipated. The Commander-in-Chiefs
army is now within a thousand yards of our force ;
so to-morrow there will be a combination.
It was very exciting listening to the sound of the
battle going on so near us. The gentlemen spent
most of the day on the top of the house looking
out ; but could not distinguish anything clearly on
account of the smoke. They saw our horse artil-
lery and some of the lancers galloping about, which
160 A LADY'S DIARY OF
must have been a truly delightful sight. Our
artillery must have made tremendous havoc to-day
among the enemy. The big guns have been at
work incessantly.
November 17, Tuesday.
Communication established to-day between the
two forces. Sir Colin C.'s head-quarters are in
the old 32nd mess-house, which was taken this
morning.
We were astounded this morning after prayers by
the news that to-morrow night this place is to be
evacuated. We are all to leave it, with only as
much of our worldly goods as we can carry in our
hands. I feel utterly bewildered, and yet so re-
lieved to think we shall both be together, and the
dreaded separations between husbands and wives
averted, that I cannot realise the utter ruin it will
be to us all in the loss of property and money we
must leave behind. It is such a dreadful thing too
for the sick and wounded ladies, close to their con-
finement, like poor Mrs. Anderson, and little children.
It seems such an extraordinary step, after holding
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 161
the garrison so long ; no one ever dreamed for a
moment of such a measure as evacuating Oude now.
I trust it is all for the best. If we live to reach
Calcutta, we shall be in a state of destitution. I
think the best thing will be to return to our re-
spective parishes.
November 19, Thursday.
Left the intrenchments.
Yesterday the sick and wounded were all moved
out to Dilkoosha, and to-day the women and
children departed from the scene of our long im-
prisonment. J. and I started in a carriage of
Dr. Fayrer's in company with Mrs. Anderson and
Miss Schilling. We had a pair of starved horses of
Mr. Gubbins's to drag us, but the wretched animals
had been on siege fare so long that they had for-
gotten the use of their legs, and had no strength, so
came to a stand-still every five minutes, invariably
choosing the most dangerous parts of the road for
their halt. At one place we were under so hot a
fire that we got out and ran for our lives, leaving
the vehicle to its fate, and two poor natives, who
M
162 a LADY'S DIARY OF
were helping to shove it on behind, were shot At
the Ferreed Bux we had to wait a long time, as
the carriage could not be got through a gateway till
some stores were cleared away. Some of the officers
of the 90th invited us inside, and gave us wine and
water, which was very refreshing. We walked after
that every step of the way to Secunderabad, where
we all had to wait several hours till doolies arrived
to take on all the women, and we proceeded under
a strong escort to Dilkoosha. The road to Secun-
derabad was frightfully dangerous in places. In one
place we were passing a 24-pounder manned by
some sailors of the naval brigade ; they all called out
to us to bend low and run as fast as we could ; we
had hardly done so when a volley of grape whizzed
over our heads and struck a wall beyond. At
Secunderabad we found the place overflowing with
women and children of the Lucknow garrison. We
met several gentlemen, friends, belonging to Sir
Colin's force — Captain Norman, Assistant Adjutant-
General, and Mr. Roberts (two Peshawur friends),
arid Mr. Ryves. They were all very kind to us.
Captain Norman gave me gingerbread nuts ;
Captain Ryves, biscuits; and Mr. Roberts, a
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 163
delicious cup of tea, with milk and sugar, bread
and butter, and beef, all such long untasted
luxuries. We made a regular feast, especially
as we had not tasted anything since a scanty very
early breakfast, and were nearly exhausted. About
9 o'clock p.m. we started again in doolies. Mr.
Roberts lent me one, and J. walked by my side
the whole way. The crowd and confusion were
excessive, the enemy hovering round and firing oc-
casional shots, and we were borne along in the most
solemn silence ; the only sounds were the tramp,
tramp, tramp, of the dooly-bearers and the scream-
ing of the jackals. It was an awful time ; one felt
as if one's life hung in a balance with the fate we
had so long dreaded ; but our merciful Father, who
has protected us through so many and great dangers,
brought us in safety to Dilkoosha, where we arrived
about 2 o'clock in the morning.
November 20, Friday.
There were tents pitched into which we all
crowded, and found quilts spread on the ground,
into which we rolled ourselves for the remainder of
M 2
164 A LADY'S DIAIIY OF
the night. The officers of the 9th Lancers very
hospitably had a supper prepared for our refresh-
ment, and we very much enjoyed some tea and
bread and butter before going to sleep. We had
none of us tasted bread and butter since the 30th
of June till to-day, so it was indeed a treat.
This morning we went into a small tent with
Captain and Mrs. Edgell and their child, and Mrs.
Anderson, which is much pleasanter than being
crowded with such numbers of others in a large,
public, open tent, as we were last night. We drew
very liberal commissariat rations to-day, and Walter
Birch lent us his khitmutgar to cook our breakfast
and dinner, as Chunia did not arrive till late. Mrs.
D. and her children have been left behind in the
intrenchments, having no doolies to bring them on.
Poor Charlie D., I grieve to say, is very much
worse.
We had the inexpressible delight of receiving
our home letters this afternoon. It seemed almost
too much happiness. How can we ever be thankful
enough for all the mercies so lovingly vouchsafed to
us ? Dearest mother and all of them were quite
well to the 8th of September, the latest date. Of
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 165
course their anxiety for us has been terrible, but
they have been, like us, mercifully supported
through their trials. We had a perfect feast of
letters, and felt regularly intoxicated before we had
got half through them. I have found out that
John Coles is with the 9th Lancers, and have sent
him word to come and see me. Emily B. has got
a nice little tent of her own, into which she has
taken Mrs. Germon. The air out here is so deli-
ciously fresh after the close unwholesome atmos-
phere inside the intrenchments, one feels like an-
other creature.
November 21, Saturday.
Mrs. D. and the children arrived in the middle
of the night. Dr. Fayrer found her wandering
about the camp not knowing where to go to, and
dreadfully frightened by a drunken soldier, who
would accost her. He brought her to our tent,
and James got up and took her to another one,
where she got shelter, as we are unfortunately quite
full in this one and could not possibly make room
for her with us, which I was very sorry for, as we
166 A LADY'S DIARY OF
might help her so much if we were together. I
wrote a short note home yesterday, as a post went
out in the night. We received another budget of
letters this morning, and besides English ones there
was one from dear old Fred, who is at Simla safe
and well, with both his darlings. Also letters from
Captain Harvey and Mr. Wale. They had just
seen the list of the survivors of the Lucknow garri-
son published in the papers. John Coles came to
see us to-day. He looks just the same as ever. He
intends to be useful in letting us have things from
the mess. There are two clergymen here with the
troops. J. found them out to-day. One a naval
chaplain, and the other belongs to the Additional
Clergy Society. The sick and wounded were all so
delighted to see James when he went among them
to-day. Poor Charlie Dashwood is as bad as can
be. Major Stevenson, a Madras Fusileer, has died
to-day. We have no news about moving from here,
but all the treasure from Lucknow was brought in,
and they have been blowing up guns in the intrench-
ments all day, which looks very much as if evacua-
tion was decided upon. There are terrible reports
that those unfortunate prisoners in the Kaiserbagh
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 167
have been murdered, and that Sir M. Jackson was
hung. It is too horrible to think of their having
been so near, and yet the utter impossibility of
saving them. Mrs. Inglis came to tell me this
morning Lady Thesiger had mentioned mamma in
her letter, and desired her to let me know all my
loved ones at home were well.
Poor dear Bustle was lost on the road, and I
sadly fear we shall never see him again ; it is heart-
breaking after saving his life all through the siege.
November 22, Sunday.
Bustle made his appearance this morning; we
were so glad to see the dear old dog again !
We had prayers in our tent with just our own
party, as there was no possibility in the utter con-
fusion to manage" a public service.
Dr. Darby died to-day. General Havelock is
very ill, and they fear Mr. Delafosse, who escaped
from Cawnpore, will not live.
There was a sharp engagement with the enemy
this morning not far off. The lancers and horse
artillery galloped off, and we heard a tremendous
168
A LADY'S DIARY OF
fire, but it did not last long. Ally D. came to
spend the day with me ; poor little man, he has
got diarrhoea again, and looks sadly ill. Poor
Charlie Dashwood died this evening. I went into
the tent with Mrs. D. to see him about two hours
before the end ; he was quite unconscious, and
did not recognise her ; only when James was
reading the commendatory prayer he opened his
eyes, and for a moment seemed struggling to speak.
I think he knew him, but it was only for an instant.
J. went again before bed-time and found him
just dead; he had his poor body prepared for
burial, and went to tell poor Mrs. D. It was a
mercy the poor dear boy was taken before the
march to Cawnpore begins, for he could not have
lived through the hardships he would have had
to endure, and his sufferings would have been so
terrible.
All the Lucknow garrison came out here to-
night. The intrenchments are evacuated.
November 23.
James found out this morning to his horror and
dismay that the box containing the church-plate
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 169
and registers had been left in the intrenchment
through the neglect and carelessness of Weston the
clerk, who was left in particular charge, with orders
to bring it out at any risk, if the place was aban-
doned. J. would not bring it away before, be-
cause, if Lucknow had not been given up, it must
have remained there, and he would have had to
return there himself, and stay there till relieved by
another Chaplain; he is so vexed about it. Re-
gisters of course are of great importance, and it is
shocking to think of the Communion-plate falling
into the hands of the heathen enemy. The rebels
went on firing as furiously as ever into the Re-
sidency till half-past eight this morning, before they
discovered the place was deserted. All the guns
were brought away, except the very heavy ones.
Poor Captain Waterman of the 13th was left be-
hind asleep in the brigade mess, and did not follow
the rest for more than an hour, but he got out all
safe. James and Mr. Schilling walked to the Marti-
niere this morning, Sir Colin's head-quarters for
the day. They thought they might discover some de-
bris of our property scattered about, but not a vestige
of anything was to be seen, not even the leaf of a
170 A LADY'S DIARY OF
book lying about. The clearance has been most
complete ; there is nothing left of the Martiniere
but the bare walls ; every bit of woodwork, such as
doors and window-frames, has been carried off, the
beautiful marble pavement has all been dug up, and
the place quite a ruin ; no trace of course of the dear
horses or carriage, or harp, to be found. General
Martins tomb has been broken to fragments, and
his old bones dug up and scattered to the winds.
I went with Mrs. Dashwood this evening to poor
Charlie's funeral; the boy lies, with several other
officers who have died out here, under a grove of
small trees near the Dilkoosha palace.
We are to march to-morrow.
November 24, Camp, Alumbagb.
Arrived this evening tired to death. We have
only come about four miles, but have been the
whole day on the road ; starting about eleven, we
did not get here till it had been dark some time.
The enemy did not fire a shot at us the whole day,
for which we cannot be sufficiently thankful ; it is
most surprising how they came not to molest us ;
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 171
no one expected we should get here without some
trouble.
Mrs. Anderson, Miss Schilling, and I, started in
the Fayrers' carriage drawn by bullocks, J. walk-
ing by our side ; the road was frightful, and poor
Mrs. Anderson very soon took refuge in a palan-
quin which somebody had lent her, or the jolting
would have made her very ill ; she is very soon
expecting her confinement. The confusion of the
march is perfectly indescribable ; such a crowd of
waggons, carts, camels, bullocks, elephants, loaded
with baggage of every description, sick and wounded
women and children, all moving along in one huge
mass, without the smallest appearance of arrange-
ment or order, could never be pictured by the
wildest flight of imagination. Every ten minutes we
came to a stand-still ; and waited perhaps an hour
before the mass was in motion again, without know-
ing what caused the obstruction ; the dust was suffo-
cating, the heat of the sun sickening, and when we
reached the place appointed for encampment, where
not a tent was pitched, and no prospect for the
weary and hungry body presented itself, one felt in-
clined " to lie down and dee " from fatigue and ex-
172 A LADY'S DIARY OF
haustion ; only it seemed ungrateful and wrong to
grumble now at any hardships after our merciful
preservation, and before long our circumstances
brightened ; the camels arrived, and we found our
tent, got it put up, and while that was doing re-
ceived an invitation to the Artillery mess, which
made quite new creatures of us ; and though the
ponies with our bedding had not found us out, we
were so tired that we slept very soundly on the
ground, and had quite wraps enough to keep us
from feeling very cold. Poor General Havelock
died this morning of dysentery ; he has been very
ill for some days.
November 25, Camp.
Breakfasted at the Artillery mess, where they are
most kind and hospitable, and asked us to dinner,
which, as there was a delay in drawing our rations
this morning, and we did not get them till very late,
we accepted. J. has discovered an old school-
fellow, a Mr. Bunney, who greeted him very warmly
last night at the mess. John Coles and Mr. Ryves
came to see me. We halt here to-day. The enemy
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 173
continues marvellously quiet. I suppose they have
not recovered the punishment they got at Secun-
derabagh, the day the junction between Sir Colin's
force and the Lucknow garrison was effected. Our
brave troops surrounded the building, which was
full of the rebels ; the wretches resisted to the death,
and no less than 1600 of them were cut down,
fighting like demons. After they had buried 500
bodies, Captain Green told me the number seemed
not at all diminished. Among those who were
caught in the garden were sixty Sepoys N.I. They
were all made to stand up in a row, and a volley
fired into them ; twelve dropped dead, and then the
officers and men rushed upon them, shouting out,
" Cawnpore ! " " Cawnpore ! " and killed every man
of them. There are different reports about the unfor-
tunate prisoners in the hands of the enemy: — Sir
Mountstuart and Miss Jackson, Captain and Mrs.
Orr and their child, Mr. Burnes, and one of the poor
Christians' children from Seetapore. One report
says they have all been beheaded, and Sir M.
Jackson hung. Another rumour, which I pray may
be the true one, is, that they are still alive, and re-
moved from the Kaiser Bagh to the Dowlat Khana.
174 A LADY'S DIARY OF
Mr. Jackson, the uncle of Sir M. J., and his sisters,
has come out from England, and is with the force to
try and recover them ; but he is very out of heart
about it, and fears the worst. The eldest Miss
Jackson, who escaped from Seetapore with Captain
John Hearsay and party, has never been heard of,
and they can get no trace of her whatever.
November 26, Thursday, Camp, Alumbagh.
We halt here again to-day. Breakfasted, by Cap-
tain Green's invitation, at the mess of the Punjaub
Infantry. Mrs. Polehampton, Mrs. Gall, and Mrs.
Barbor have a beautiful tent lent them by Mr.
Fisher, the second in command ; so I spent the day
with them, and we dined with the Punjabees again
in the evening. Their mess is a very good one ;
they have everything of the best.
November 27, Friday, Camp at Bunnee.
We were warned to start this morning at seven.
I got up at five, made every preparation, as in duty
THE SIEGE OF LTJCKNOW. 175
bound : when we were nearly ready comes an order
that we don't move till eleven — so we had time for
a second breakfast at the Artillery mess. Our
carriage, by James's capital pioneering, got at the
head of the ladies' column, immediately behind the
advance guard of the infantry. We had a very
tedious march ; our progress necessarily so slow.
We crossed the Bunnee bridge, and reached our
encamping ground at sunset. The road, for India,
was pretty. Oude is certainly much more fertile
and pleasant-looking than any part of the country
between Calcutta and Peshawur.
November 28, Saturday ; 4 miles from Cawnpore,
Camp near the Ganges.
Started at seven this morning, and did not reach
our place of encampment till nearly midnight. Our
pace can have been little faster than two miles an
hour. We were obliged to make a forced march of
nearly thirty-eight miles to-day, as the Commander-
in-Chief got news on the road of the Gwalior rebels
being in force at Cawnpore. We have heard
heavy and continued firing the whole day. A part
176 A LADY'S DIARY OF
of our force has been sent on across the river to the
assistance of Brigadier Wilson at Cawnpore. The
enemy are in possession of half the city. There
must have been a great deal of hard fighting to-day,
to judge by the tremendous firing. This has been
a very weary march : if James had not galloped off
to the Commissariat and seized some loaves, we
should have starved. Mrs. Inglis gave us a tin of
oxtail soup to-night when we arrived, so we did
very well.
November 29, Advent Sunday, Camp near Ganges,
opposite Cawnpore.
After breakfast this morning we were ordered to
strike tents and move on a mile and a half nearer
Cawnpore. The firing is horribly close — we see the
smoke of the guns plainly just across the river. All
the troops have gone on, with the exception of one
brigade, under Brigadier Inglis, left for our pro-
tection.
In the action yesterday poor Brigadier Wilson
was killed, and we lost five officers and ninety men
of the 64th: we took five of the enemy's guns.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 177
This encamping ground is very nice, on some
beautiful soft turf. We are near the 9th Lancers'
mess ; so I mean to invite myself to John Coles for
some dinner to-night.
November 30, Monday, St. Andrew's Day,
Cawnpore.
Here we are in this fatal place ; and most thank-
ful must we be to have arrived so far on our perilous
journey in safety. We got the order to move
onwards between 7 and 8 p.m. yesterday. The
distance was not great, but it was past midnight
before we reached the place of refuge appointed for
us in the old dragoon barrack-yard, where we
were so fortunate as to find our little tent pitched
and ready, our servants having most cleverly
managed to push on and get in advance of the
rest of the baggage. We had great trouble on the
road; our carriage stuck fast in the sand; the
bullocks lay down, and seemed as if they were
going to die ; and we were left miles behind every
one else, and were contemplating abandoning the
turn-out altogether; but at last, with the help of
N
178 a LADY'S DIARY OF
some sailors of the naval brigade, we contrived to
get into motion again, and by a short cut rejoined
the line, and by great good luck found Miss Schil-
ling and Bobbie, whom we had lost in the confusion
when we had to get out of the carriage. Just as
we were crossing the bridge of boats over the
Ganges, a tremendous fire opened on the Cawnpore
side. We were told it was principally our own
men firing at the enemy afar off; but it sounded
most awful, and I never, during the whole siege,
more thoroughly realised such an extreme sense of
nearly-impending danger, and how very close death
might be : one felt as if the very next instant per-
haps might be one's last. I shall never forget the
crossing that river. The firing ceased as suddenly
as it began. I suppose it did not last a quarter of
an hour, though it seemed an age to us. The
enemy is all about in great strength : they say
there are 17,000 in this Gwalior force, and an
immense number of guns. They are in possession
of the city and great part of the station, and there
is no disguising the fact that our troops got the
worst of it on Saturday. We have heard great
guns and heavy firing all day : a round shot
THE SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. 179
whizzed just over our tent this morning, — it is
dreadful being again in the midst of war and
fighting. This place, with all its horrible asso-
ciations, is a very painful one to be in. I trust we
shall soon be sent off to Allahabad ; but at present
the enemy occupies the road, and posts are stopped
both up and down, so I fear my letter to dearest
mother I posted at Dilkoosha is lost.* There is
not the faintest hope of our being able to get up to
Dagshaie for ages to come.
December 1, Tuesday, Cawnpore,
Artillery Barracks.
We were all transferred from the dragoon to
these barracks this morning at daybreak. Mrs.
Edgell, Mrs. Anderson, and I, have a little corner-
room, besides the tent ; and I suppose we are likely
to be here some days, as they will not send us on
till the road is safe. We still hear constant firing,
but no news of what is going on has reached us.
Yesterday there was a report that Sir J. Outram's
* No, only delayed a mail.
N 2
180 A LADY'S DIARY OF
force from Lucknow had arrived, but it has not
been confirmed. J. tried to make his way this
morning to the entrenched camp to see Mr. Moore,
the chaplain, and inquire for letters at the post-
office ; but so many round shot were flying about,
he thought it advisable to turn back. I never saw
such a sad scene of desolation as this station. There
is not a house left standing ; it is enough to make
one cry to look at the blackened ruins of what once
were beautiful bungalows, and then to think of the
awful fate of all those who so lately inhabited them
— a fate too which we so narrowly escaped, and
which even now we can hardly feel safe from ; for
with the enemy in such overwhelming numbers so
close to us, there can be no safety until we reach
Allahabad. It is quite uncertain when we shall
leave this, but the Commander-in-Chief is sure to
get rid of us as soon as he can, for we must be
greatly in his way. I went to see Emmie B. this
morning. Charlie has been appointed Brigadier-
Major to Brigadier Walpole. We have received
no more letters since we came here, which is a
dreadful disappointment.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOAV. 181
December 2, Wednesday, Cawnpore.
James rode to the entrenched camp before break-
fast, and came back with beer, soap, ink, and other
prizes he succeeded in getting there. We had to
draw eight days' rations for the road, which looks
as if we were to start soon. I wrote a few lines
to-day to dearest mother in the faint hope of its
ever reaching her. J. and I walked this evening
with Mrs. Case and Miss Dickson to see poor Sir
H. Wheeler's entrenchments, where he held out
twenty-one days against the enemy. The only
wonder is how a single person came out of them
alive ; and far better would it have been if they had
all died there instead of suffering as they did a
worse fate. The barracks in which they took refuge
are perfectly perforated with round shot. The un-
happy creatures could have had no possible shelter
either from the sun of an Indian June, or the mur-
derous fire which never ceased day or night. It
made one shudder with horror to think what their
sufferings had been ; and yet they were nothing in
comparison of what the hapless survivors who left
the entrenched position afterwards endured. I
182 A LADY'S DIARY OF
picked up the leaf of a Bible, and brought it away
as a relic. We saw some writing in pencil on some
of the walls. In one place there was a cross drawn
with a great number of initials underneath, and the
date June 16th. On another part a poor fellow had
written, " Dear Jesus ! have mercy on us, and de-
liver us not into our enemy's hands," and signed
"James Tyrrel." The entrenchments by way of a
defence are quite laughable : a very narrow ditch,
not knee-deep, and a low bank of earth, over which
we stepped with the greatest ease, was all that
divided them from the enemy, and yet the cowards
never attempted to come over. We had a visit
from J. Coles after we came home ; he very kindly
brought us some sherry, and James a few cigars, to
console us on the march. The B.'s got some
English letters to-day, and Emmie sent me one
from Aunt Ellen to read, in which she mentions
dear mother and all at home being well. I cannot
think where our letters can be.
December 3, Cawnpore.
We were warned last night that we should pro-
bably get the order to start before morning ; how-
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 183
ever, none came, and here we are still, but may
have to start at any moment. There seems to be a
good deal of fighting going on to-day. The Gwa-
lior force still holds the town, and the Nana is said
to be with them. Yesterday three English officers
were seen hanging outside one of the enemy's bat-
teries, near the place where the women and chil-
dren were massacred. J. Coles came to see us this
morning, and brought us some delicious fresh butter.
I have got my child Ally back. Mrs, D. sends him
to spend the day with me whenever we halt.
December 4.
We are 24 miles from Cawnpore, on our road to
Allahabad. The order to march came last night,
and we started at ten, and did not reach this place
of encampment till between twelve and one in the
middle of the day. We are to get to Futtypore
(48 miles) in two marches ; but how the poor tired
animals will ever manage another journey of 24
miles to-night I know not. Our escort consists of
the 34th regiment, two guns, and some native
cavalry. We breathe more freely now we are out
184 A LADY'S DIARY OF
of that mournful place, Cawupore ; and as the
whole road between it and Allahabad is lined with
our troops eoming up country, I trust it is pretty
safe. We met the 42nd Highlanders, the 38th,
and some of the Rifles this morning, and yesterday
the 85th and some artillery arrived at Cawnpore.
C. Barwell is left behind as Brigade Major to
General Walpole. It is very sad for him and Emmie
being separated. I can't be thankful enough my
dear J. is able to come with me. We were all
very tired and knocked up when we arrived to-
day, especially the gentlemen who had been riding
all night and had no sleep ; but after some break-
fast, a wash, and a snooze, we are considerably
better. We have picked up another Madras ser-
vant, Peter by name, to help Chunia, who has
turned out a regular trump on the march, and
cooks and works most willingly for our whole party.
J. has mounted himself on a lean old grey mare,
about 100 years old, which he bought at Dilkoosha
to carry baggage. It is a wretched old beast, but
saves him walking. Dr. Fayrer has bought a
buggy : so Miss Schilling goes in it now with Mrs.
Fayrer; and Mrs. Anderson, who was obliged to
THE SIEGE OF LUCKXOW. 185
give up her palanquin at Cawnpore, comes in the
carriage with me. I make room for J. to squeeze
in between me and one corner to get a sleep when
he gets very tired. We start again to-night at nine
o'clock.
December 5, Saturday.
We came a march of 13 miles last night, and
got here about eight o'clock this morning. The
camping-ground* is very pretty, with a great many
trees round it, which, as many people are without
tents, is a great advantage. We have been merci-
fully protected on the road so far ; not a shot has
been fired, or an alarm of any kind given, since we
left Cawnpore. If it were not the fear of enemies,
which we cannot help feeling, I should enjoy this
out-of-door, picnicking-life excessively, in spite of
all the inconveniences and roughing it we have to
put up with. The fresh air and open country, and
feeling of liberty, are so intensely delightful, after
our six months' close confinement to Dr. Fayrer's
small narrow strip of compound, with nothing to
look at but a high stone wall, to remind us still
186 A LADY'S DIARY OF
more that we were prisoners. If it had lasted much
longer, and I had not had plenty to do, I should
have gone melancholy mad.
December 6, Sunday, Camp.
We started last night at seven, halted this morn-
ing at ten; no adventure to record. Captain
chose a horrid place for our tent — on rough
dirty ground, with no shade. Every one else is
under beautiful trees, on turf, at a little distance ;
but when we arrived all the camels were unloaded,
so we could not move. The marching arrange-
ments are very bad. J. found some wounded to-
day, who said that they had not seen a doctor or had
their wounds dressed since leaving Cawnpore. Then
he met two doctors, who had been, they said, hunt-
ing the camp for two hours in search of their patients
and could not find them. The sick are scattered
about in all directions instead of being together in
one place, and the confusion is extreme. We hear
that the Gwalior rebels evacuated Cawnpore and
made off for Bithoor the day after we left. We met
more troops this morning on their way up. Sir
THE SIEGE OF LIJCKNOW. 187
Colin will soon have 14,000 with him, and be able
to do great things.
December 7, Monday, Fort Allahabad.
We reached the railway station at Lohunda
this morning at sunrise, and were immediately re-
quested to take our places in the train, where we
sat in very uncomfortable 2nd-class carriages crowded
to suffocation (with ten people in a place for eight)
for at least two hours before starting, having had no
breakfast or refreshment of any kind. When once
we were off, however, it seemed delightfully home-like
and natural to be once more on a railroad, and we
came along at a good rate, arriving at Allahabad
(40 miles) in about two hours, which was very quick
for India, and the train was tremendously long and
heavy. When we arrived at the terminus we found
it crowded with gentlemen and soldiers, who all
cheered the poor Lucknow garrison most enthusi-
astically ; and indeed the kind and hearty welcome
we received at Allahabad — the first place of safety
we have rested in for many a month — will not soon
be forgotten by any of us. We found beautiful
188 A LADY'S DIARY OF
tents pitched in the Fort for our accommodation.
They are the Governor- General's own tents. We
share ours with the Edgells, but it is large ; we
have each a private bedroom, and large centre
room to sit in. We were regularly knocked up when
we arrived ; we had had nothing to eat since the
night before ; but Mr. Spry, the chaplain here, took
us off to his quarters in the fort, where we were
regaled with a luncheon that revived us consider-
ably. To-night, for the first time since the 24th
May, J. and I enjoy the luxury of a room to our-
selves. Nothing can exceed the kindness and hos-
pitality we meet with here. Furniture, in the way
of beds, chairs, and tables, is provided for our tents,
and there is a table-d'hote, at which we may all take
our meals, furnished by the relief fund. Mr. Spry
is the manager. There are no steamers here yet
to take us down to Calcutta, so we may be detained
here some time, and the idea of rest in a place of
security is very pleasant. Mr. Spry is very hard-
worked here, and has applied for a second chaplain ;
we may be ordered to stay here till we can pro-
ceed to Dagshaie in safety. Mrs. D. and Emily
B. are gone to Dr. Irvine's in cantonments; they
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 189
are the only ladies not in the fort. Nearly all the
bungalows in cantonments here were destroyed.
The Sprys lost the whole of their property. TJiere
has been telegraphic news of great successes at
Cawnpore since we left; no particulars yet. No
English letters for us here.
December 8, Allahabad, 4, G.-G.'s Tents, Fort.
Mrs. Spry kindly sent her dhobee over to me this
morning, and we gave him an accumulation of un-
washed clothes. We breakfasted at the Sprys',
and found Mrs. Forbes and Mrs. Polehampton
there ; after breakfast we assisted Mrs. Spry in dis-
tributing shoes, stockings, pocket handkerchiefs,
combs, and hair brushes, &c, sent up by Lady
Canning for the ladies of the Lucknow garrison.
We dined at the table-d'hote at three o'clock, and
had tea in our own tent ; our camp is really very
pretty, beautifully pitched in a square, with the
large dining-tent in the centre, on a lovely piece of
turf, with trees all around. Allahabad Fort is very
strong, overlooking the Jumna. The station looked
very pretty indeed as we saw it yesterday from the
190 A LADY'S DIARY OF
railway. J. telegraphed to Sir J. Colvile this morn-
ing to write home by the mail which leaves to-
morrow, to tell dear mother of our safe arrival
here.
The luxurious feeling of rest and peace and
safety here is perfectly indescribable; one can
scarcely realise it or know what to make of it after
the excitement, anxiety, and turmoil of the last six
months.
December 9.
Mrs. Spry asked me and Mrs. Polehampton to
assist her in the distribution of Lady Canning's gifts,
so we were busy all morning going round to different
tents and supplying people's wants. We dined to-
day in our tent : the table-d'hote is given up, the
Khansamer having struck work, so people are now
requested to cook for themselves.
J. walked to the post-office this evening and found
the English mail just arrived, and coaxed the post-
master to let us look over all the Lucknow letters,
but alas, alas, in vain ! After diligently inspecting
two large packets we found not a single letter ad-
dressed to one of the Lucknow garrison : they were
THE SIEGE OF LTJCKNOW. 191
all to officers belonging to General Havelock's force.
It seems evident that we have been given up for lost
by those at home.
The kind way we are treated here is most touch-
ing. People seem as if they could not do enough
for us : we have the most beautiful flowers, and
vegetables and milk, and all sorts of good things
sent us every morning.
Mrs. Fayrer had a little son this morning — pre-
maturely.
James has undertaken to superintend giving out
the rations, and was very busy this morning. We are
fed at present entirely by the Relief Fund, but it is
too heavy a pull on the charity, and I believe the
Commissariat is to take us back again.
December 10, Fort Allahabad.
Mr. Schilling dined with us. We luxuriated in
a table-cloth, and presented such a wonderfully
civilized appearance he was quite struck. The rest
and comfort here is something too delightful; we
seem as if we could not be thankful enough for the
great mercy which has placed us once more in
102 a LADY'S DIARY OF
safety and peace. We only now seem realising all
we have suffered If only now I could bear from
home I should be so happy.
Two people of our old garrison died to-day.
Mr. Gubbins has been dangerously ill, but he is
better.
The news from Cawnpore is capital — 27 of the
enemy's guns taken.
December 11, Friday.
Mrs. Polehampton and I went round the bar-
racks and took down the names of all the widows
belonging to the Artillery and 32nd, for Mrs. Spry,
who is going to give them each a black dress from
the relief fund. Some of the poor things are in
great distress, having come out of Lucknow with
only the clothes they wore. Such numbers of chil-
dren were running about wild, Mrs. Polehampton
and I thought it would be a good plan if we could
get them together and keep a sort of school
while they are detained here. We are going to ask
Mr. Spry about it. Mrs. Fayrer's little baby died
this afternoon. Mr. Schilling started for Calcutta
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 193
by mail cart. We engaged Ramsay, Mrs. D.'s
African servant, as she does not want him any
longer ; he attended Mr. Polehampton and poor
Charlie Dashwood in their last illness. Dear old
Bustle has arrived with the sweeper quite safe.
We left him to come by the road when we took
train.
December 13, Sunday.
At eleven o'clock this morning we had service in
the garrison chapel, where all the Lucknow refugees
attended and returned public thanks to God for our
merciful deliverance. The appropriate psalms were
34th, 71st, and 92nd ; lessons Exodus 15, Eomans 12,
and a special thanksgiving prayer. Nearly 100
partook of the Holy Communion. The offertory
was given to the asylum founded by Sir H. Lawrence
for soldiers' children in India. The collection was
250 rupees. After church I went with Mrs. Pole-
hampton to the barracks and collected between thirty
and forty children in a large empty room where we
opened our school. We have no books or any school
appurtenances to help us, so it is rather difficult to
manage. We divided the scholars into two classes,
194 A LADY'S DIARY OF
those who could read, and those who could not. I
took the big ones, Mrs. P. the little ones. Consi-
dering how long they have been running wild, they
are more tractable than one could possibly have
expected. In the afternoon we drove down three in
a buggy to the cantonments, which are extremely
pretty. There are only about a dozen houses left.
The bungalows were all destroyed by the mutineers,
and no less than thirty-six officers murdered. The
church is left standing, and is used for divine service,
but all the interior fittings are destroyed.
December 14, Monday.
J. has been on the sick list to-day. Mrs. P. and
I kept our school and got on very well — began a
home letter. Mrs. Birch confined last night of a
boy.
December 15, Tuesday.
The Sprys lent us their buggy, and we drove out
to see Emily B. and Mrs. D. Poor darling
little "Chota Loll" is so dreadfully ill, I am
sadly afraid he will not live; he is the colour of
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 195
an orange, constantly sick, and no bigger than when
he was born.
It is settled that we stay here till the roads are
safe for us to go to Dagshaie.
December 18, Friday.
Sent off our English letters. The steamer Ma-
dras started with a large number of wounded, and
seventeen ladies, for Calcutta. Mrs. Dashwood
came to see me this afternoon. The dear baby is
better.
December 20, Sunday.
Church in the garrison chapel at ten a.m. Mrs.
B.'s baby baptised Frederic William. We dined at
two. At half-past four went to church in canton-
ments. The interior was entirely destroyed by
mutineers — seats, pulpit, altar, rails, &c, all torn
up and smashed, and windows broken.
J. had the kindest letter I ever read from
this morning. He begs us to make him our banker
if we want money, and offers to do anything he pos-
sibly can for us. He says Dr. Leckie, secretary to
o 2
196 a LADY'S DIARY OF
the relief fund, has portioned me 1000 rupees to
enable me to refit. I shall come out like a butter-
fly some fine day !
Thursday, Christmas Eve.
We have given the school children a holiday till
Monday. I walked round the ramparts this evening.
Mrs. C. told me that the last news which had been
heard of those unhappy prisoners at Lucknow was
that Maun Singh had planned their escape, and had
the ladies dressed as native women, and the gentle-
men disguised in the same manner. They were on
the point of getting away, when some Sepoys dis-
covered them, and they were carried off again to the
Kaiser Bagh ; and nothing has since transpired, so
whether still alive or not is unknown.
Christmas Day, Allahabad.
The services of the Church are all we have to re-
mind us of this joyful season. It is less like Christ-
mas time than any I have passed even in India — not
the least cold, and not even the ghost of a mince-
pie. That we should have been spared to see
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 197
Christmas in safety is a great cause of thankfulness
and joy ; but it is good to fix all our thoughts on
the real cause we have for rejoicing at this season,
and one must do so to feel in any degree glad.
The church was very full. Emmie and Mrs. D.
came from cantonments. The poor widows all
looked so sad and tearful, there will be little mirth
anywhere this Christmas, I fancy.
We had a narrow escape from great danger
coming home this evening from the cemetery, where
J. had been for a funeral. The horse shied at
something going over the drawbridge ; his feet
slipped on the iron nails, and he fell, with his head
and fore-legs over the side of the bridge. Had he
been a few inches more forward, his own weight
must have dragged buggy and all down to the
bottom of the moat. We jumped out at once, and
some European soldiers came to the rescue. With a
good deal of trouble, the poor horse was got on his
legs again.
December 28, Monday.
The band of the 79th Highlanders played this
evening in front of the barracks ; it was quite a
198 a LADY'S DIARY OF
treat. Emmie and Mrs. D. came from the can-
tonments, and we walked together. A flaming
order about J. has come out in General Outram's
despatch, and he has received the warm thanks of
the Governor-General for the second time, which is
very gratifying.
A writer of Dr. Fayrer's has made his appear-
ance here ; he says he has been a prisoner with the
rebels during the siege, and just made his escape ;
his account of what went on outside among the
enemy is very interesting ; he says every single
thing which occurred in the Residency was known
outside ; the rebels were thoroughly acquainted with
all that occurred among us by our faithful (?) Seikhs
and servants in the garrison. They knew every-
thing about Sir H. Lawrence, and the exact moment
of his death, and about Miss Palmer and Mr. Om-
maney, only they mistook the latter for Mr. Gubbins.
The Baboo says rewards were offered for every
European head; 100 rupees for an officer, and
16 for a soldier ; and that a head which the wretches
gave out was that of Captain Carnegie (the canton-
ment magistrate), who is alive now and well, was
THE SIEGE OF LIJCKNOW. 199
hung up in one of the public gateways for a long
time. There were strict orders to slay every man,
woman, and child who fell into their cruel hands,
and every servant caught was immediately killed.
Every native Christian, or person connected in any
way with us, was murdered in the city. The
wretches did not find out for many hours that we
had evacuated the Residency. They have levelled
it, houses, church, and all to the ground, and are
preparing to make a tremendous stand there ; but I
think they will find we shall retake it very much
sooner than we lost it, strong as they may make it.
If they had had the smallest particle of courage,
they could have walked in with the greatest ease ;
but God turned their hearts to water for our deli-
verance.
By the last accounts, Miss Jackson and Miss
Orr were still alive, confined in a small den,
where they could not stand upright; but Sir M.
Jackson and the other gentlemen had been put to
death.
200 A LADY'S DIARY OF
Jan. 1858.
Postscript. — The man in the 7th cavalry who
murdered his comrade was allowed his liberty during
the siege, and behaved most gallantly ; he was killed
by a round shot at the Redan battery. One of his
children was also killed, and poor Mrs. Eldridge's
idiot daughter had her leg taken off by a round
shot, and died in great agony. The D.s' cousin,
Mr. Fane, whom I mentioned in a letter as killed,
escaped, and is alive and well. Only one of the
Miss Jacksons escaped, with her brother ; the other
was taken by a rajah, and has never been since
heard of. Sir Mountstuart Jackson and his poor
sister are still prisoners in Lucknow.
Here the Journal ends.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 201
[The following letters — by the husband of the
writer — are added with a view of completing the
narrative.]
Allahabad, December 17.
A short time since I had little hope of ever
writing to you again, but here we both are safe
and sound, mercifully preserved through innumerable
perils, and enjoying such rest and peace as has been
unknown to us for six months past My
duties, as you may imagine, were never-ceasing ;
and the trying part of all was that we got so little
rest though so sorely fagged, until I reached this.
I had slept in my clothes (rolled in a rug on the
ground) for more than six months, and subject often-
times to be roused two or three times in the night
by a general call to arms, when an assault was
either made or threatened by our fiendish foes. In
our small and open position no soul was safe from
shot, shell, or musketry fire ; and those whose
duties took them out of their several posts and
garrisons had to run the gauntlet of as murderous
a shower of all as can be conceived. Mv preserva-
202 A LADY'S DIARY OF
tion I look upon as miraculous, for I was more
exposed than almost any one in the place ; but it
must have been rather for the sake of others than
my own deservings. I buried some five hundred
during the siege : many will, I fear, be bitterly dis-
appointed who think their dear ones preserved.
The list first published was painfully incomplete,
and numbers have fallen since Outram and Have-
lock forced their way in and were shut up with us.
My poor brother chaplain was shot through the
body, and died of cholera, just at the commence-
ment of the siege. I was then left single-handed in
my most painful duties. We stay here until the
roads leading up country are safe enough to travel.
Allahabad is a nice place for the plains : the chap-
lain requires help sadly, owing to the number of
wounded coming in, and the increased amount of
duty arising from the accumulation of troops. It is
not time to speak of losses, though ours have been
heavy indeed — everything gone but a few clothes :
carriage, horses, furniture, books, all. Our losses
could not be repaired at the least under 1,200?.
1 grieve for my books : they are things one gets to
love from old associations.
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 203
My DEAR MOTHER, Allahabad, January 2, 1858.
It never was intended that last mail should
leave without a few lines from me to you. Dear G.
promised to leave me room in her letter, but finished
and sent it off before I knew of it. We had just
arrived, and I was at the time incessantly employed
with our poor wounded, and in distributing imme-
diate and necessary relief from the fund available in
this place. Thus it came about. But I am sure
you will have attributed it to some such reason as
this. I rushed to the telegraph as soon as we
arrived, and sent you a flitting message through Sir
J. Colvile, which it is a comfort to us to know will
have gladdened your anxious hearts long before you
had a real letter. We have so constantly grieved
about your imaginary trouble. What a mercy it is
that we have been preserved amongst the few who
lived to see the triumphant end of that dreadful
siege ! I do pray it may have been so ordained in
great mercy to both of us, and that we may hence-
forth be more earnest and faithful. It would be
very dreadful if the lesson should be lost to us.
My dear G. behaved splendidly — never gave in —
204 A LADY'S DIARY OF
and constantly occupied herself in doing acts of
kindness to others less able than herself. It pleased
God to give us both good health : thus we were
able to forget ourselves very much in going about
our several duties. It was a painful thing that we
never could be alone together all those weary months ;
but we managed to read the Psalms and Lessons
together daily in a comparatively retired corner, and
that was a great thing, for of course I was one of
the few who had constantly to go about the position,
leaving the cover, such as it was, of our several
posts. I never did so without the chances being
many against my ever coming back to her again.
But God's mercy has been great, and here we are
safe and sound, and very happy, inasmuch as New
Year's Day brought us a budget from all our dear
ones. G. kept a sort of scrambling journal during
the siege, which I hope to send you soon ; it was
written under difficulties, with little hope that you
would ever see it. Not that we ever utterly de-
spaired, for a protecting Providence was in so many
things apparent that we felt it wrong to be distrust-
ful ; though as our garrison daily diminished, and
help seemed ever farther off, the last resource of
THE SIEGE OF LITCKNOW. 205
blowing up the magazine was talked of and tacitly
resolved on in case we could no longer protect our
women and children. They never would have
boasted of another Cawnpore. I rejoice now very
much that I never took one of their wretched lives,
although constantly under arms. I resolved not to
shed blood unless in extremity ; that is to say, un-
less the enemy actually got a footing in our position.
This they never did, so they had their practice at me
gratis. You may imagine what work it was, w r hen I
tell you that many of our little garrison have each,
during an assault, to their own knowledge, killed
their ten and fifteen men. Well, it is over now, and
I think the neck of the mutiny is broken. Retribu-
tion is now the thing ; and I trust the punishment
dealt will be severe, but not merciless. The garrison
of Lucknow are, here in India, perfect lions ; and,
really, it was a gallant defence. We have been
stripped pretty bare, but shall no doubt be able to
get on. They talk of distributing lots of rewards,
but that can't come to me. I cannot look for more
than the satisfaction of having tried to do my duty
— imperfectly at best — but it was hard work single-
handed. General Havelock's reinforcement re-
206 A LADTS DIARY OF
lieved almost all but me, who had some 300
wounded added to my former cares. The appoint-
ment to Dagshaie is the best thing for us now ;
and if it please God to spare us, we shall, after
service there, be brought close on our furlough,
and hope to see you all again. Will you tell the
rector of W. that I received his kind letter in the
middle of the fight at Cawnpore, and was quite re-
freshed by his mention of old times and people, of
which we had so often talked in our troubles. I
will write to him soon.
Kindest love, &c.,
James P. H.
To my Sister.
Allahabad, January 3, 1858.
Who would ever have thought six weeks ago that
I should now be wishing you a Happy New Year ?
Poor girl ! I am so distressed to find by your letter,
dated Oct. 17, that you have been so miserable
about us. Well, indeed many a time did we despair
of ever seeing any of your dear faces again ; we used
to wonder whether you really knew and understood
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 207
what a position we were in ; and now we gladly find
you did not realise it. Dear Aunt G. says it " was
a comfort to you all to know that, although closely
beset, we were in an impregnable fort !" We were
in no fort at all ; we occupied a few houses in a
large garden, with a low wall on one side, and only
an earthen parapet on the others, in the middle of a
large city, the buildings of which completely com-
manded us, and swarming with thousands of our
deadly foes, thirsting for our blood. God gave us
protection and pluck, the former in a wonderful de-
gree, or not one of us would be here to tell about it.
This you will see when you get G.'s journal. It is
short, written under difficulties, but will give you
some idea of our position. She put down what she
could day by day as it occurred, just on the chance
of its ever reaching you. The Engineers calculated
that all those months never one second elapsed
without a shot being thrown in at us, and at times
upwards of seventy per second, besides round-shot
and shell. Every house was shattered ; every single
building seemed to be marked with severe small-pox ;
and yet, notwithstanding this, and the number of
killed and wounded, the brutes never dared come
208 A LADY'S DIARY OF
and fight us hand to hand. They tried hard a few
times, but were killed round our earthworks by
hundreds ; so they took to shooting us down by de-
grees, and this they would have done, humanly speak-
ing, if those brave fellows under Havelock had not
come in. Even then, after losing 1000 out of 2800
in doing it, the rest were shut up with us for six
weeks, fighting with us day and night, till old Sir
Colin came with 10,000 more, and with great diffi-
culty and loss got us out of it. Well, thank God !
now we are all right.
We got your letter New Year's Day — a de-
lightful gift — and truly thankful are we to find that
my dear father and all of you were pretty well,
except being bothered about us. Fred Baily came
to Lucknow with Havelock's force, not looking well,
poor fellow ; he stayed with Sir J. Outram's force
in the district of Oude — at the Alumbagh and the
open plain — about 4000 men, and they have not been
molested to speak of. He had left his property in
Cawnpore. I meant to have got it sent to him ; but
on getting there we just came in for the battle in
which General Windham was defeated ; and though
Sir Colin's force soon set him right again, all the
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 209
baggage, stores, &c. — amongst them poor Fred's
belongings — had gone to the natives or been burnt.
Your letter, and R.'s and W.'s, have just reached
us. Poor things ! how sad it was for you to hear,
after all, that the relief of Sept. 25 was no relief at
all ! They did relieve us, though, of incessant work
and watching by bringing more to take the duty ; and
they also brought us some meat — precious tough
too — for we eat all the old bullocks that dragged
in their heavy guns. We had scarcely any provision
left when Sir Colin came. Had he delayed a fort-
night, we should have had to cut our way out, to
the probable loss of all the lives of women and
children, if not men : we were however saved that
terrible alternative in God's great mercy.
[Extract of letter from the Authoress.]
Allahabad, March 7.
It is too bad of people to raise such wrong impres-
sions as that man must have done, who wrote about
the ladies being so well dressed when they came out
of Lucknow. How could people be well dressed
P
210
A LADY'S DIARY OF
who had not seen the sight of clean clothes for five
months, and nearly all of whom had lost or left
behind almost everything they ever possessed ?
There was one lady, and only one, who certainly
did come out dressed beautifully, as if she had been
equipped for a drive in Hyde Park in the height of
the season. She laughed about it herself, and it was
a joke with us all. She had but one good gown
saved in the world, with shawl and bonnet equally
handsome ; and said she did not see why she should
not come out in them, rather than leave them
behind : they had the advantage too of being warm,
and we all thought her very wise.
There were three or four ladies who lived in the
Residency houses, and, therefore, their property was
not destroyed at the cantonment mutiny : so of
course they saved their clothes; but I do not
remember that any of them had anything on the
least smart. As for me, on Mrs. Cowper's principle,
I came forth in the only respectable dress I had,
which had lain by, as too good and too warm, during
the siege, — a black barege, trimmed with crape, and
black silk jacket. Every one, for the same reason,
wore the best they had. One lady from our garrison
THE SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 211
staggered out under the weight of three silks and a
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burnt the few valuable dresses and things they
possessed, rather than let them become spoil to the
enemy. Several widows, who had saved their
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dresses, veils, wreaths, &c, the day before we eva-
cuated the Residency.
We were told at first that we must go out with
as much only as we could carry, and it was only
about an hour before we started that we knew we
should be allowed carriage for any baggage : then
those who had anything to bring away had scarcely
time to get ready.
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